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BMRetriever

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biomed_retrieval_dataset

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BMRetriever 3

[ " There are three general ways to measure emotional intelligence: Self-Report, Other-Report and Ability measures. The MEIS is an ability test, which we believe is the best way to measure Emotional Intelligence. Let's take a look at each of these methods." ]

[ " EQ is emotional intelligence our ability to manage our emotions in such a way as to effect positive and productive results in our working relationships.", " Since Emotional Intelligence is the understanding of emotions, Emotional Maturity is the application of that knowledge. One of the key aspects of Emotional Maturity is the ability to delay gratification for a more convenient or appropriate time." ]

[ "The diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients is based on cardiovascular reflex tests. Since cardiac function may be affected by arteriosclerosis and cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus, alternative tests reflecting vagal nerve function, in other organ systems, are needed. In this study the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a mixed meal was evaluated in healthy subjects and in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. The PP response was studied at different levels of the vagally mediated reflex arch by application of different stimuli: meal ingestion, i.v. edrophonium (a cholinesterase inhibitor) injection and arginine infusion. Meal ingestion (stimulation of cerebral/vagal level) resulted in a significant and similar PP response in the two groups; i.v. edrophonium injection (stimulating at the second neuron level) resulted in a smaller increase in PP concentrations in the type 1 diabetic patients as compared with the healthy subjects, whereas direct PP-cell stimulation by arginine infusion resulted in similar increments in PP concentrations in the two groups. Thus, in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients with no known manifestations of diabetic neuropathy, the cholinergic second neuron function of the vagal arch to the pancreas is impaired, whereas intrinsic PP-cell function is unaffected" ]

[ "Both glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) are gut hormones involved in energy homoeostasis. Obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia are significant confounders when GLP-1 and PYY secretion is assessed. Thus, we evaluated GLP-1 and PYY response after fat load in morbidly obese patients with different degrees of insulin resistance and glycemic status. We studied 40 morbidly obese subjects (mean age, 40·6 ± 1·3 years; mean BMI, 53·1 ± 1·2 kg/m(2) ) divided into groups according to their glycemic status: normal fasting glucose (NFG) group, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) group. NFG patients were additionally subclassified, according to the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR ), into a low insulin-resistance (LIR) group (HOMAIR <3·9) or a high insulin-resistance (HIR) group (HOMAIR ≥3·9). Lipid emulsion was administered orally and measurements made at baseline and 180 min postprandially of levels of GLP-1, PYY, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides and leptin", "Vagal stimulation combined with an oral fat load enhances postprandial lipemia in animals and humans. We assessed whether the observed postprandial increase in plasma lipids could be explained by changes in exogenous (chylomicron) or endogenous (VLDL) lipid metabolism and whether the timing of vagal stimulation in relation to fat intake was important. Vagal stimulation was achieved by using the modified sham feeding (MSF) technique, in which food is tasted and chewed but not swallowed. Seven healthy men consumed an oral fat load (50 g) on one occasion (control protocol). On 2 other occasions, they consumed an oral fat load combined with MSF of an appetizing meal. MSF was performed for either 1 h before or 1 h after the oral fat load. Blood was collected for 7 h and was analyzed for hormones and metabolites. The postprandial triacylglycerol response differed significantly (P < 0.001) between the 3 protocols. Both MSF studies resulted in significantly higher plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations compared with the control. Compared with MSF for 1 hour after fat intake, MSF for 1 h before fat intake resulted in significantly higher plasma insulin concentrations (P = 0.013), a more rapid rise in chylomicron triacylglycerol concentrations (P = 0.04), and higher VLDL triacylglycerol and apoliprotein B-100 concentrations" ]

[ "I believe in capital punishment but I wouldn't want to be in a position to make that choice." ]

[ "I do not believe in capital punishment." ]

[ " Stool culture was not performed" ]

[ " Stool culture was sent prior to delivery " ]

[ "n a type of obesity characterized by the enlarged size of fat cells within the body. An increased distribution of weight in the waist region is a typical indicator of this type of obesity. It is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders." ]

[ "Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.besity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or psychiatric illness.", "Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat may put a person's health at risk. Excess body fat results from the body's inability to balance caloric intake with energy expenditure. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 33% of adults in the United States are obese." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on stress-induced myocardial injury.METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups( n = 6), and the stress-induced myocardial injury model was established with chronic restraint stress method. The protective effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor on stress-induced myocardial injury were observed with Trichostatin A (TSA) intervention. Histone acetylation levels in myocardium of rats were detected by Western blot method, spectrophotometry method was used to dynamically determine the activity of rat serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and Caspase 3, and nagar Olsen staining were used to observe the early myocardial damage.RESULTS: Restraint stress could significantly reduce the level of histone acetylation of myocardium in rats, and TSA intervention could inhibit the stress-induced reduction of myocardial levels of histone acetylation. Restraint stress could cause the significant increase of serum LDH activity ( P < 0.05), serum CK-MB activity ( P < 0.05), and the Caspase 3 activity of myocardial tissue (P < 0.05), and early myocardial damage also occurred during restraint stress. ISA intervention could significantly reduce the serum LDH activity (P < 0.05), the serum CK-MB activity (P < 0.05), the activity of myocardial tissue caspase 3 induced by restraint stress (P < 0.05), and the stress-induced myocardial injury was also attenuated by TSA intervention.CONCLUSION: The histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA can protect stress-induced myocardial injury." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Accumulating evidence indicates that intrauterine evolution disturbance can contribute to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury; in addition, thyroid hormones (THs) have a crucial role in the development of different systems during fetal life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TH deficiency during fetal life on tolerance of isolated heart to ischemia during adulthood in both genders.METHODS: Hypothyroidism was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by administrating 0.025 % 6-propyl-2-thiouracil in drinking water throughout pregnancy. Offspring of rats with maternal hypothyroidism (MH) and control groups were tested in adulthood. Isolated hearts were perfused with Langendorff setup and exposed to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Baseline values of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), and peak rates of positive and negative changes in left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were recorded.RESULTS: In the MH groups the baseline levels of LVDP (male: 23 %, female: 33 %), HR (male: 31 %, female: 26 %), and dp/dt were significantly (p < 0.01) lower, compared to controls. After ischemia, hearts from male rats with MH had less tolerance to IR injury as assessed in terms of reductions in recovery of hemodynamic parameters compared to controls, while in female rats there were no significant differences between MH and controls.CONCLUSIONS: MH decreases hemodynamic parameters in the heart of both male and female offspring in adulthood; in addition, hearts of male rats with MH show less tolerance to ischemia, compared to those of females.", "Stress serves as a risk factor in the etiology of hypertension. The present study was designed to decipher the effect and mechanism of chronic stress on the progression of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. We used abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) to induce pressure overload with or without chronic restraint stress to establish the animal models. Echocardiographic analysis showed pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction was worsened by chronic stress. Compared with the AAC rats, there is a significant increase in cardiac hypertrophy, injury, apoptosis and fibrosis of the AAC + stress rats. Furthermore, we found the secretion of norepinephrine (NE) increased after the AAC operation, while the level of NE was higher in the AAC + stress group. Cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rats were cultured and separately treated with 1, 10, 100 microM NE. The higher concentration NE induced more cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression. These results revealed that high level of NE-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, cardiac fibroblasts proliferation and collagen expression further contributes to the effect of chronic stress on acceleration of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination among women ages 19 to 26 seeking a variety of services at reproductive health centers. A secondary objective was to identify common sources of HPV information.METHODS: Ten reproductive health centers enrolled 365 women ages 19 to 26 in a randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of automated reminder messages on HPV vaccine completion. Using responses from a 61-item self-administered baseline questionnaire completed before initiating the HPV vaccine, this subanalysis assessed participants' knowledge regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine.RESULTS: Knowledge of HPV prevention, transmission, and disease outcomes among the study population was highly variable. The mean HPV knowledge score was 11.0 of a possible 19 (SD=3.8). Most participants (77%) had heard of the HPV vaccine before completing the questionnaire and indicated that their primary sources of information about the vaccine were television ads (61%), health care providers (52%), and friends (45%).CONCLUSIONS: Despite a relatively high awareness of the vaccine, specific knowledge regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine varied substantially and participant scores highlighted knowledge gaps among vaccine-eligible young women. Media, health care providers, and friends were identified by participants as sources of information and may influence their knowledge of HPV and the HPV vaccine." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Nearly 80 million people in the U.S. are currently infected with at least one of two strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is associated with 70% of cervical cancers. Greater cervical cancer mortality has been observed among women of lower SES and those living in rural, versus urban, areas. African American and Hispanic women are significantly more likely to die from cervical cancer than non-Hispanic white women.PURPOSE: To assess current population awareness of and knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine, as well as the contribution of sociodemographic characteristics to disparities in HPV awareness and knowledge.METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute's 2013 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS; N=3,185). Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify gaps in awareness and knowledge by sex, education, income, race/ethnicity, geographic area, and other important sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were conducted in 2014.RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of Americans had heard of HPV and the HPV vaccine. Consistent with the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis, awareness and knowledge were patterned by sex, age, education, and other important sociodemographic factors. Those in rural areas were less likely than those in urban areas to know that HPV causes cervical cancer. Less than 5% of Americans were aware that HPV often clears on its own without treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Although awareness and knowledge of HPV is increasing, there are opportunities to target communication with populations for whom knowledge gaps currently exist, in order to promote dialogue about the vaccine among patients and their providers.", "Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates remain low, but college student vaccination could offset this trend. This study identifies characteristics that could enhance HPV vaccination among U.S. college students. Data were from the National College Health Assessment II survey (fall 2012, N=18,919). Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations among demographic characteristics, college region and size, health status, receipt of health services, sexual health information, and HPV vaccination status. Among women, ethnic minorities, students attending schools in the South, those not receiving routine gynecological care in the past 12 months, and those unsure of when they last received gynecological care were less likely to report HPV vaccination. Among men, African Americans, students attending schools in the South and West, and those receiving sexually transmitted infection information were more likely to report vaccination. Data suggest that college health education can help to improve U.S. HPV vaccination rates. Campus health practitioners providing sexual health information and referrals are positioned to assist in this effort." ]

[ "To evaluate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in periocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) using multiple methods of detection, and to determine whether p16 overexpression is present and can be used as a surrogate marker for HR-HPV. Retrospective observational case series with laboratory investigations. Unstained paraffin sections of 35 cases of periocular SC were analyzed with immunohistochemistry for p16 and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HR-HPV. A subset of 18 lesions that were p16-positive was further studied with a novel method of mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of transcriptionally active HR-HPV, an advanced technique with an enhanced sensitivity and specificity. The clinical findings were in keeping with those of comparable earlier studies. Strong immunohistochemical p16 positivity (meeting the criterion of >70% nuclear and cytoplasmic staining) was present in 29 of 35 cases of periocular SC (82.9%). The selected 18 p16-positive cases tested were negative for HR-HPV using mRNA ISH. PCR yielded unequivocal results with adequate DNA isolated in 24 cases, 23 of which were negative for HR-HPV. One case was positive for HPV type 16, which was found to be a false positive as collaterally determined by mRNA ISH negativity" ]

[ "High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) possess transforming activity leading to development of the cancer, including oropharyngeal, anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal, and cervical cancer. The stability of E6 is essential for its complete function as an oncoprotein. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 15 (USP15) as an HPV16 E6-interacting protein. USP15 cleaves polyubiquitin chains of HPV16 E6 and/or ubiquitin precursors. Our results indicate that USP15 could increase the level of HPV16 E6 by inhibiting E6 degradation. USP15 inhibited the degradation of HPV16 E6 in dose-dependent manner. In contrast, catalytically inactive mutants of USP15 had a reduced inhibitory effect on E6 degradation. In particular, USP15 mutants of all three cysteine boxes and the NHL mutant of the KRF box had a drastically reduced inhibitory effect on HPV16 E6 degradation. In addition, HPV16 E6 mRNA was not induced by USP15; therefore, HPV16 E6 appears to be post-translationally regulated. These results suggest that USP15 has the ability to stabilize E6 as a deubiquitinating enzyme, and as an oncoprotein affects biological functions in infected human cells.", "BACKGROUND: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is reported to be present in 30-50% of penile cancer cases. The immunohistochemical test for p16INK4a is used as an indicator of the presence of HPV and as a prognostic marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various sites. However, the role of this marker in penile carcinoma has not yet been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the expression of p16INK4a is associated with the presence of HPV, histological parameters, and survival in penile cancer.METHODS: A study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 that included 55 patients with penile carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected through PCR using fresh tumor tissue, and immunohistochemistry was performed for analysis of p16INK4a protein using paraffin-embedded tissue. Evaluation of histological parameters was performed following complete embedding of the tumor tissue in paraffin.RESULTS: HPV DNA (low-risk and high-risk genotypes) was found in 49 (89.1%) cases, and 46/49 (93.9%) showed high-oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV). Of the 22 cases positive for p16INK4a, HR-HPV DNA was present in 21 (95.5%) (p = 0.032). Regarding histological parameters, p16INK4a and HR-HPV were significantly associated only with tumor subtype (p = 0.036 and p = 0.032, respectively); all carcinomas with basaloid characteristics were positive for p16INK4a. Although HPV+ patients had a higher disease-free survival (p <0.001), p16INK4a expression was not associated with patient survival.CONCLUSIONS: Our study, using fresh tissue samples, showed the highest incidence of HPV compared to that observed in the literature. Expression of the p16INK4a protein was significantly associated with the presence of HR-HPV and this expression may serve as a marker for the presence of the virus. The p16INK4a protein was not associated with the histological prognostic parameters, with the exception of tumor subtype, nor with patient survival. In the results, we showed that the objective of the present study was reached." ]

[ "Patients with primary bone and soft tissue sarcoma are at risk for skeletal metastases. Although uncommon, these metastases can result in impending or pathologic fractures. Intramedullary nailing traditionally has been an accepted form of palliative treatment for patients with metastatic carcinoma, but we could find no studies that report specifically on intramedullary nailing of metastatic sarcoma lesions.QUESTIONS/ We asked: (1) What is the survival of patients with an impending or pathologic fracture from a sarcoma metastasis? (2) What proportion of patients treated with intramedullary nailing subsequently underwent a revision procedure or nail removal during their lifetimes? Between 1996 and 2014, we performed 40 intramedullary nailing procedures in 34 patients with multifocal metastases from sarcomas who showed signs or symptoms of impending fracture or who presented with a pathologic fracture. All of these patients are accounted for, either through the time of death or to the present, and all are included at a mean of 13 months (range, 0.3-86 months) in this retrospective study. During the study period, we generally applied the same surgical indications for patients with nailing of metastatic sarcoma lesions as we did for patients with metastatic carcinoma; in general, we used intramedullary nailing (with or without cement) rather than resection for diaphyseal lesions with less cortical destruction and no substantial soft tissue mass or metadiaphyseal lesions that could be adequately supplemented with cementation. The goal was to use this approach when it would allow immediate weightbearing, or in patients whose medical conditions were such that a more-extensive procedure seemed unsafe. During the same period, an additional 58 patients underwent resection procedures for metastatic sarcomas to long bones because they either did not meet the above indications, had a solitary resectable metastasis, or because of surgeon preference; these patients were excluded from this study. The median age of the patients was 52 years (range, 27-81 years). Eleven patients with 11 impending or pathologic fractures were documented to have received either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy and 29 patients received some form of chemotherapy" ]

[ "To determine the extent to which knowledge from clinical trial protocols is transferred to nonparticipating patients. Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a large clinical trial. Six level-1 international trauma centers. We compared rates and timing of reoperation in a subset of patients enrolled in the Study to Prospectively evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures (SPRINT) to concurrent patients who were eligible but not enrolled. This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected trial data. The records of 6 of the original SPRINT centers were searched for non-SPRINT patients who underwent intramedullary nailing of a closed tibial fracture. The rate and timing of reoperation were compared. A P<0.05 was considered significant. One hundred fourteen non-SPRINT patients were compared with 328 patients enrolled in SPRINT from those same sites. There were 7 reoperations (6.1%) in non-SPRINT patients versus 18 (5.2%) in SPRINT patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 3.13; P = 0.811]. There was no difference in the time to reoperation between the SPRINT and non-SPRINT patients (6.2 vs. 6.8 months, 95% CI of the difference -3.8 to 2.6; P = 0.685) or in the proportion of patients who underwent reoperation before 6 months (29% vs. 43%; OR 1.75; 95% CI 0.18 to 15.41; P = 0.647)", "BACKGROUND: The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel (GT) has been demonstrated to be effective against various types of solid tumors, including sarcoma. However, the regimen has not been confirmed in large, well-designed clinical trials in refractory metastatic osteosarcoma.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with refractory metastatic osteosarcoma at Peking University People's Hospital who were treated with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) intravenously (IV) on Day 1 and Day 8, and docetaxel (75 mg/m2) IV on Day 8, repeated every 21 days.RESULTS: A total of 52 patients with a median age of 18.4 years were treated with GT at the Peking University People's Hospital from August 2012 to August 2017. A total of 174 courses were administered. Only five patients with pulmonary metastasis achieved a best response of stable disease (SD), while all other patients had progressive disease. The result was disappointing with an ORR of 0%, a DCR of 9.6%, and a median DOR of 3.5 months. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were observed in 69 (39.7%) courses and in 28 (53.8%) patients, most of which were myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia. No fatal adverse effect (AE) was found.CONCLUSION: The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel (GT) as a salvage regimen is well-tolerated but not as effective as expected in refractory metastatic osteosarcoma. This report highlights the need for the development of new approaches with higher activity in these patients." ]

[ "Welcome to wine country... and endless possibilities... Elkin, North Carolina is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. We are centrally located between Mount Airy and Charlotte, Boone and Winston-Salem, along Interstate 77, only 20 minutes away from the Blue Ridge Parkway and Stone Mountain State Park." ]

[ "What's Up in Elkin, NC. Special thanks to Erik Dahlager, local photographer, who contributed the photo above. Follow us on facebook by clicking here! Elkin was one of Budget Travel's Top 10 America's Coolest Small Towns in 2014.", "The Elkins Y is dedicated to improving the lives of men, women and children in our seven county region of central West Virginia. We provide a safe haven for fitness and fun and strive to provide quality programs, classes and activities that will help enhance your life." ]

[ "In 1941, “You Are My Sunshine” was covered by Gene Autry, Lawrence Welk and Bing Crosby, yet Davis’ version dominated the public imagination." ]

[ "Nearly three decades after Davis left office, it was named the second official song of Louisiana (the first being “Give Me Louisiana,” by Doralice Fontane and John Croom). “You Are My Sunshine” proved pivotal not just for Davis’ music or political career, but for hillbilly music in general.he amazing history of You Are My Sunshine -- the miracle song for Oklahoma, Jimmie Davis, Ray Charles and more.", "The music and words to You Are My Sunshine were written by Jimmie H. Davis (former Lousiana governor) and Charles Mitchell. The song became Louisiana's official state song in 1977.Here are the lyrics: The other night, dear As I lay sleeping I dreamed I held you in my arms.he music and words to You Are My Sunshine were written by Jimmie H. Davis (former Lousiana governor) and Charles Mitchell. The song became Louisiana's official state song in 1977." ]

[ "Evolution does not work based on an organism (or designer) \"seeing\" a problem and seeking a solution. Evolution via natural selection works when members of a population that have a certain heritable trait are better at reproducing than other members of that population. Because they are better at reproducing, subsequent generations of the population have a greater percentage of individuals that have that heritable trait, and the process continues, sometimes to the extent that all the individuals of that species have that trait (this is called \"fixation\").\n\nThe way something like this would evolve is that some predecessor to modern orchids has some morphology or chemical secretion that was particularly attractive to insects. This increased the ability of that predecessor to reproduce. Over generations, any other random mutations that further promoted attraction of insects also were selected for, until they accumulated all of the adaptations we see in a modern orchid.\n\nToday, we can study that process and realize post facto that \"Oh, these adaptations worked because they tricked the insects into thinking they were copulating, when really they were just dispersing pollen.\"\n\nHowever, the flower never needed any knowledge of insect copulation, it just happened that flowers that had those traits did better at propagating their genes to the next generation.\n\nThese types of questions are more easily understood with a broad understanding of evolution. One great resource is Understanding Evolution from Berkeley." ]

[ "Animals and plants are both classified as Eukaryotes, and as such can form large, complex, multi-cellular organisms. There are several major differences at the cellular level that distinguish the 2 Kingdoms (Animalia and Plantae). Without getting technical, the most crucial difference in relation to your question is that plants contain chlorophyll, and as such can generate their own food using sunlight.\n\nThis is very important when you consider that plants (by definition, those Eukaryotes that contain chlorophyll) have therefore evolved to be very efficient at converting sunlight to 'energy', whereas animals have evolved without this option and have to eat what food they need. So they have instead evolved mechanisms that allow them to forage, or even to hunt, for their food.\n\nAt some point, a unicellular organism incorporated chlorophyll, leading to multicellular plants in the course of evolution. The ancestor of animals evolved independently from the last common ancestor of plants and animals. Therefore, plants and animals are quite diverged, e.g. in mating 'rituals' (in plants this involves flowers and seeds - whereas in animals there are mating and gestation periods), and systemic changes, such as the immune system and the circulatory system (these are generally much more complex in animals than plants). All of which has stemmed from the difference in evolutionary pressures applied by the choice of food-source.\n\nAs you have pointed out, there are exceptions to all rules, so not all plants have chlorophyll, but as a rule it is the case! (Wikipedia: \"Some plants are parasitic and may not produce normal amounts of chlorophyll or photosynthesize.\").", "Note: This is an answer to the last line of your question.\nA classical example of animals adapting to the influence of humans on their environment is the adaption of the Peppered Moth.\nHere is a brief summary:\nThe peppered moth was originally a mostly unpigmented animal (&lt;1800). During the industrial revolution in the southern parts of the UK a lot of coal was burned. This led to soot blackening the countryside. Soon afterwards, a fully pigmented variety was first observed. Only a hundred years later, in 1895, this pigmented variety almost completely displaced the unpigmented variety.\nIt has been shown that the pigmentation is under strong selective pressure as birds hunt these moths. Since birds rely on their visual system to detect their prey, the variety that blends in with its environment (=camouflage) has a selective advantage over the variety that stands out.\nAs pointed out by Tim in the comments, since the 1970s there has been a rapid reversal with unpigmented animals being more abundant. As far as I understand, it is accepted that this reversal is due to a decrease in human induced air pollution leading to less sooty barks on trees which makes the unpigmented variety harder to prey upon.\nAddendum: genetic basis of adaption\nIn a beautiful recent study, the causal mutation for the pigmented, or melanic, variety was identified: A ~9kb transposon insertion in the first intron of the gene cortex. The authors calculate that this mutation happened in the year 1819, a few years after the industrial revolution was in full swing. The interpretation is that due to sooty tree bark this mutation, causing pigmented moth, was under strong selection." ]

[ "Moksha (Sanskrit: मोक्ष mokṣa), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, means emancipation, liberation or release. In Hindu traditions, Moksha is a central concept and included as one of the four aspects and goals of human life. The concept of Moksha is found In Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism." ]

[ "Nirvāṇa literally means blown out, as in an oil lamp. The term nirvana is most commonly associated with Buddhism, and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release and liberation from rebirths in saṃsāra.[web 1] In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti. All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness along with it being the liberation from samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death. However ...", "Ve·dan·ta. n. Hinduism. The system of philosophy that further develops the implications in the Upanishads that all reality is a single principle, Brahman, and teaches that the believer's goal is to transcend the limitations of self-identity and realize one's unity with Brahman.. Hinduism. The system of philosophy that further develops the implications in the Upanishads that all reality is a single principle, Brahman, and teaches that the believer's goal is to transcend the limitations of self-identity and realize one's unity with Brahman." ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Eldecalcitol (ED-71) is a novel active vitamin D3 derivative, used for the treatment of osteoporosis. This is the first clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of eldecalcitol in Chinese subjects.METHODS: This was an open, single-center, randomized, two-dose level, two-period crossover phase I study in 24 healthy Chinese adult males. Eligible subjects received a single oral dose of eldecalcitol capsule 0.5 or 0.75g at period 1 or period 2, monitored over a 144-h observation period for pharmacokinetics and a 14-day observation period for safety. The wash-out time was 14days. The data observed in this study were compared with historical data in Japanese subjects to evaluate the inter-ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics.RESULTS: After single doses of 0.5 and 0.75g eldecalcitol, the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of eldecalcitol was reached within 3.0-4.0h (Cmax was 0.0638  0.0076ng/ml in the 0.5-g group and 0.0944  0.0126ng/ml in the 0.75-g group, area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24h)) was 1.02  0.15ngh/mL in the 0.5-g group and 1.57  0.26ngh/mL in the 0.75-g group). The pharmacokinetic parameters was similar between the Chinese and Japanese subjects; both Cmax and partial AUCs could be considered to be dose-proportional over the tested dose range of 0.5-0.75g in Chinese subjects, which was in line with previously published results on eldecalcitol linear pharmacokinetics (range 0.1-1.0g) in Japanese subjects. Alanine aminotransferase increase was the most common adverse event (AE). No drug-related serious AEs were reported. All of the drug-related AEs of eldecalcitol were mild in severity.CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetic exposure (Cmax and partial AUCs) was dose-proportional over the tested dose range of 0.5-0.75g in healthy Chinese adult males. The pharmacokinetic character of eldecalcitol in Chinese subjects was similar to historical data from Japanese subjects. Eldecalcitol was well tolerated at doses ranging from 0.5 to 0.75g, with no new safety signals identified.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the China Food and Drug Administration (Registration number: 2014L02212 and 2014L02213), and also registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn (No. CTR20160430)." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of eptifibatide in healthy Chinese volunteers and provide information for the further study in the Chinese population.METHODS: 30 healthy volunteers (15 male) were enrolled in the study and divided into three dose groups (45 g x kg⁻?, 90 g x kg⁻?, and 180 g x kg⁻?). Plasma and urine samples were drawn after one single-bolus administration and measured by LC-MS/MS. The plasma and urine data were analyzed simultaneously by the population approach using the NONMEM software and evaluated by the visual predicted check (VPC) and bootstraping. The PK profiles of dose regimens approved for a Western population in the Chinese population were simulated.RESULTS: A two-compartment model adequately described the PK profiles of eptifibatide. The clearance (CL) and the distribution volume (V₁) of the central compartment were 0.128 L x h⁻? x kg⁻? and 0.175 L x kg⁻?, respectively. The clearance (Q) and V₂of the peripheral compartment were 0.0988 L x h⁻? x kg⁻? and 0.147 L x kg⁻?, respectively. The elimination fraction from plasma to urine (F₀) was 17.2%. No covariates were found to have a significant effect. Inter-individual variabilites were all within 33.9%. The VPC plots and bootstrap results indicated good precision and prediction of the model. The simulations of the approved regimens in the Chinese population showed much lower steady-state concentrations than the target concentration obtained from the Western clinical trials. No severe safety events were found in this study.CONCLUSIONS: The PK model of eptifibatide was established and could provide PK information for further studies in the Chinese population.", "A risk assessment of deoxynivalenol (DON) was recently conducted for the residents in Henan province, China, where wheat as the staple food are highly consumed. A high-throughput sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method following 96-well Elution solid-phase extraction (SPE) were developed and validated for the determination of DON biomarkers in human urine. Isotope labelled internal standard, 13C-DON, was used for accurate quantification. Urinary samples collected from 151 healthy Chinese aged 2-78 years were processed with and without enzyme hydrolysis to determine total and free biomarkers, respectively. DON, and de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) to a lesser extent, can be frequently detected in these samples both with and without enzyme hydrolysis. Free DOM-1 was detected at low level in human urine for the first time. Total DON was detected in all samples with a mean concentration at 47.6 ng mL-1. The mean and median probable daily intakes (PDI) for the whole participants, estimated to be 1.61 g/kg bw and 1.10 g/kg bw, both exceeded the PMTDI (1 g/kg bw/day), indicating a potential risk for the residents in this area, especially for children and adolescents." ]

[ "The bronchobiliary fistula is an abnormal interconnection between the biliary tract and bronchial trees. It is rare but troublesome. The management of such fistula is a challenge. Surgical intervention is considered after failure of conservative treatment. Here we presented the successful video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for secondary bronchobiliary fistula in 68-year-old hepatocellular carcinoma patient." ]

[ "In the literature, bronchopleural fistula after thoracic surgery is usually reported in the perioperative setting; however, the incidence of delayed fistula still remains unknown. We herein report a case of a 54-year old man who was referred to the Emergency Department for dyspnoea and productive cough with expectoration of a whitish 'suture-like' tissue. Two months before, the patient underwent an uneventful right lower lobectomy for squamous-cell lung cancer. A computed tomography scan revealed a para-mediastinal localized pneumothorax (measuring 6 cm in the major axis) starting from a right lower bronchus interruption associated with a middle lobe consolidation. The patient was consequently admitted for respiratory monitoring and underwent a fibre-optic bronchoscopy to assess bronchial integrity: the right lower bronchus was completely dehiscent and connected to an empty pleural closed pouch, with no inflammatory signs or sputum-like effusion. After the procedure, the clinical course was unremarkable with gradual improvement of clinical conditions: in particular, the cough disappeared and no sign of fever, leucocytosis or respiratory failure was observed. Thus, after a multidisciplinary meeting, the patient was discharged 7 days after admission and re-evaluated monthly. Six months after diagnosis, the patient was symptom-free with complete closure of the fistula on radiological imaging.", "We describe a bronchoscopic technique for closing small postoperative bronchopleural fistulas, using an oxidized regenerated cellulose patch and fibrin glue. The patch is mounted on the end of endoscopic forceps and introduced into the fistula to cover it. Intracavitary and submucosal injections of fibrin glue fill the bronchial stump and achieve apposition of the fistula edges. Closure was obtained in 3 of 4 patients; the 4th had complete bronchial dehiscence and empyema." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: A competent patient has the right to refuse foods and fluids even if the patient will die. The exercise of this right, known as voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED), is sometimes proposed as an alternative to physician assisted suicide. However, there is ethical and legal uncertainty about physician involvement in VSED. Are physicians advising of this option, or making patients comfortable while they undertake VSED, assisting suicide? This paper attempts to resolve this ethical and legal uncertainty.DISCUSSION: The standard approach to resolving this conundrum has been to determine whether VSED itself is suicide. Those who claim that VSED is suicide invariably claim that physician involvement in VSED amounts to assisting suicide. Those who claim that VSED is not suicide claim that physician involvement in VSED does not amount to assisting suicide. We reject this standard approach.CONCLUSION: We instead argue that, even if VSED is classified as a kind of suicide, physician involvement in VSED is not a form of assisted suicide. Physician involvement in VSED does not therefore fall within legal provisions that prohibit VSED." ]

[ "Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is explicitly legal in five states and by court decision in one. Legislative bills have been introduced in other states including Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. This quantitative study was designed to understand Midwest, hospice and palliative care at end-of-life social workers' attitudes toward PAS, preferred terminology, perception of preparedness for the implementation, and awareness of PAS legislation in their state. Sixty-two social workers from Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin completed an anonymous online survey. The results indicated that over one-half of the participants supported PAS legislation and is consistent with previous research on social workers across the country. While there was a range of perceived preparedness for implementation, a majority felt moderately to very prepared. Professional and personal values as well as professional experience influenced their perceived preparedness. Few social workers had accurate awareness of PAS legislation in their state or had attended workshops/events for further education or as a policy advocate. To practice competently and advocate at all levels of practice, hospice and palliative care at end-of-life social workers' need to understand their own attitudes and values toward PAS and pursue additional education around this ethical issue.", "BACKGROUND: In Japan, although many suicidal studies were previously conducted in tertiary emergency department (ED) settings, no published studies have reported on suicidal patients presenting to the secondary EDs. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of suicidal patients and the referral rates to a psychiatrist overall and by type of facility.METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all secondary and tertiary EDs in Tochigi prefecture, Japan. Data were collected for cases who presented in September 2009. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and t-tests compared the results by gender and type of ED.RESULTS: All 74 EDs responded to the survey. There were 81 patients who attempted or died by suicide (36 men and 45 women). The most common method of suicide attempt was drug overdose (57%) followed by stabbing (17%). About a half used prescription drugs to attempt or die by suicide. The majority had a history of psychiatric disorders, and 35% had previous suicide attempt. About a half were admitted to medical or surgical unit; 33% were discharged home; and 9% died. After excluding those who died, 53% were referred to a psychiatrist, but 47% were not referred to a psychiatrist. The referral rate was lower for cases seen at secondary EDs (38%) compared to tertiary EDs (67%).CONCLUSION: Although professional organizations suggest that suicidal patients are seen by a psychiatrist, many were not, especially at secondary EDs. Further research is needed to assure that suicidal patients presenting to EDs receive appropriate psychiatric assessment and follow-up after discharge." ]

[ "Poor psychosocial health is a major global burden. A challenge to improving psychosocial health is that its associations with risk factors are complicated, inadequately understood, and difficult to modify, and/or require action outside the health sector. We capitalized on the quasi-experimental assignment of a poverty-alleviation program for the ultra-poor in Bangladesh to investigate how this program affected 2 aspects of psychosocial health; distress, (i.e., the negative cognitive appraisal of stress) and subjective well-being (i.e., satisfaction with domains of life), and the importance of food insecurity as a mediator relative to other stressors and economic status. The study was conducted in 3 northern districts of Bangladesh where the program operated. The ultra-poor households were selected through a multistage selection process. The economically better-off households were excluded during the process and included as study controls. The program supported women by providing income-earning opportunities, strengthening sociopolitical livelihood, and building self-awareness and self-confidence. Data were collected in 2006 from 209 women on demography, psychosocial health, and stressors (i.e., domestic violence, food insecurity, economic status, perceived economy, and emotional social constraints). Data collected in 2002 from the same individuals were used to control for the baseline differences between groups. By using path analysis we showed the direct and indirect effects of the program on distress and well-being", "The program positively affected psychosocial health by alleviating stressors. The indirect effect of the program contributed 74% in reducing distress and 30% in improving well-being. Food insecurity was by far the most important mediator, explaining 50% of indirect effect on distress and 66% of the indirect effect on well-being" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate and nutritional food that is associated with diabetes, obesity, anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders. The presence of these comorbidities motivated the UW Health Pediatrics Department to start screening for food insecurity.METHODS: Our study describes demographic characteristics of screened patients, comparing risk factors and health status between food insecure patients and food secure patients. We extracted variables on all screened patients: sex, age, race, ethnicity, insurance type, height, weight (to calculate body mass index [BMI] and BMI percentile), and any diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, sleeping problems, restless leg syndrome, anemia, elevated blood lead levels, depression, anxiety, or attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD).RESULTS: Over the 8-month screening period, 1,330 patients were screened for food insecurity, and 30 screened positive. Insurance type was a significant predictor for food insecurity; patients on public or with no insurance had 6.39 times greater odds of being food insecure than those on private insurance (CI 3.81, 13.29). Also, diagnoses of anemia and ADD/ADHD were both significantly higher in the food insecure group. The odds of having anemia was 8.47 times greater for food insecure patients (CI 3.03, 23.63), and the odds for having ADD/ADHD was 5.89 times greater for food insecure patients than food secure patients (CI 1.48, 23.55).DISCUSSION: These results provide useful information to clinicians as the screening process moves toward widespread adoption. These results also provide a baseline for expanded research once screening is implemented throughout all pediatric clinics within our health care organization.", "BACKGROUND: Food insecurity occurs when access to food is limited by financial hardship. Yet, paradoxically, food insecurity is associated with overeating, with emerging evidence that it may be related to disordered eating. A recent report found that food insecurity was associated with binge-eating disorder (BED), but it is not yet known whether food insecurity is also associated with bulimia nervosa (BN).METHODS: Participants were 873 respondents recruited online who completed a battery of established measures and were categorized into three study groups: healthy-weight (HW), BED, and BN. Hierarchical logistic regressions evaluated the extent to which low and very low food security were associated with BN compared with HW and BED study groups.RESULTS: Low and very low food security were both associated with increased likelihood of BN group membership compared with HW but not BED.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with BN and also suggest that food insecurity's association with BN is similar to that for BED. These findings highlight the need for greater clinical and research attention to associations between food insecurity and eating disorders that include binge eating to inform eating-disorder prevention and treatment." ]

[ "multiple birth(Noun) a birth in which more than one baby are born. Multiple birth. A multiple birth occurs when more than one fetus is carried to term in a single pregnancy. Different names for multiple births are used, depending on the number of offspring." ]

[ "Explore Multiple Kids, Multiple Births, and more! 1 Every parent knows that one tiny newborn can be a lot hard work, so we can’t even imagine what it would be like to go from a small family of three to a full house of eight 2 ... Meet The Busby's: The Family With The Only Set Of Quintuplet Girls In The U.S…. 3 Mom And Dad Wanted Another Baby.", "Twins (human). Two babies born to a mother at one birth. There are two types of twins, monozygotic and dizygotic. Members of a twin pair are called co-twins." ]

[ "PRINCE CHARLES WILLIAMS. One of the best boxers to come out of Ohio in the last twenty years is Prince Charles Williams of Mansfield, who held the IBF light-heavyweight title from October 29, 1987 to March 20, 1993.Williams turned professional on June 27, 1978, dropping a four round decision to Henry Bunch.RINCE CHARLES WILLIAMS. One of the best boxers to come out of Ohio in the last twenty years is Prince Charles Williams of Mansfield, who held the IBF light-heavyweight title from October 29, 1987 to March 20, 1993." ]

[ "Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, KG, KT, PC, ADC(P) (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982) is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. He is second in the line of succession to the British throne, after his father.", "How the Guardian reported the attack on the Queen’s cousin, Lord Louis Mountbatten 2015: Prince Charles and Gerry Adams share historic handshake Jason Rodrigues" ]

[ "The antigenic potential of proteins from the carob bean, a member of the legume family used as a food additive, have not so far been investigated and legumes share antigenic proteins with peanut, a potent trigger of anaphylaxis. To assess the carob protein determinants of sensitization in peanut-allergic children. In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 12 patients (median age 9.5 years) with a history of hyperreactivity to peanut (anaphylaxis) were assessed. Skin prick tests with a commercial peanut allergen, raw carob pulp, raw and cooked carob cotyledon formula were used to confirm the history. RAST for peanuts and cooked carob were used to evaluate sensitization to these proteins. Carob-specific IgE were identified by immunoblotting analyses. Allergic reactivity was evaluated during double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC; 5.5 g carob extract and cooked carob cotyledon formula). Peanut allergen-induced skin prick test positivity in all children (confirmed during double-blinded challenge in 6/12 patients), carob pulp in 3/12 patients, raw carob bean in 6/12, and cooked carob cotyledon formula in none. RAST were positive for peanut in all cases but negative for carob beans in 9/12 cases. Immunoblot analyses found peanut-specific IgE in all cases and raw carob bean-specific IgE in eight cases. Carob allergens were identified in the 17.5, 48, and 66 kDa MW bands. The least allergenic density was found for cooked carob proteins. There was no clinical reactivity with either raw or cooked carob during DBPCFC" ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Identifying the target molecule in food allergies, helps to assess the risk of anaphylaxis in a patient. Lipid Transfer Protein is the most frequent cause of food allergies in the Mediterranean area. The diagnosis based on allergenic extracts, suffers from a high variability in the results because some important allergenic molecules are lacking. This study was disegned to assess whether Pru p 3 and Ara h 9 molecules are quantitative and qualitative enough present in their whole allergenic extracts.METHODS: 943 patients with a clinical history of suspected peach and/or peanut food allergies were recruited and underwent measurement of a specific serum IgE (ImmunoCAP system (Thermofisher/Phadia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) to the following allergens and molecules: peach (f95) and/or peanut (f13), Pru p 3 (f420), Pru p 1 (f419), Pru p 4 (f421), Ara h 1 (f422), Ara h 2 (f423) Ara h 3 (f424) and Ara h 9 (f427).RESULTS: Out of the 943 patients included in this study, 122 were positive to sIgE to peanut extract. At a cut-off point of 0.35 kIU/L, 62 patients were positive to sIgE to Ara h 9 but negative to peanut extract. Increasing the cut-off point of Ara h 9 at 10 kIU/L, 15 patients were only positive to sIgE to Ara h 9. 244 out of the 943 patients were positive to sIgE to peach extract. At a cut-off point of 0.35 kIU/L, 27 patients were negative to sIgE to Pru p 3 and positive to sIgE to peach extract, whilst 11 patients were peach extract sIgE positive and sIgE negative to Pru p 1, Pru p 3 and Pru p 4. Only 12 patients resulted positive to Pru p1 and/or Pru p 4.CONCLUSION: Our data strongly suggests to include the measurement of sIgE to Ara h 9 into the diagnostic algorithm of peanut sensitization. 4.5% of the sicilian population suspected of peach sensitization were positive to peach extract and negative to all the available molecules.", "Peanut allergy is a major cause of fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic reactions to foods. There is no curative therapy for this condition. Traditional Chinese medicines have been reported to have antiallergic properties, which might be useful for treating peanut allergy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Chinese herbal formula, FAHF-1, on peanut anaphylactic reactions in a mouse model of peanut allergy. Mice were sensitized with freshly ground whole peanut in the presence of cholera toxin and boosted 1 and 3 weeks later. FAHF-1 treatment was initiated 1 week later and continued for 7 weeks. After treatment, mice were challenged with peanut, and anaphylactic symptoms, body temperatures, and plasma histamine and IgE levels were measured. T-cell proliferative responses and cytokine production were also determined. FAHF-1 completely blocked peanut-induced anaphylactic symptoms and markedly reduced mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Peanut-specific serum IgE levels were significantly reduced by 2 weeks of treatment at the time of challenge, and they remained lower 4 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. FAHF-1 significantly reduced peanut-induced lymphocyte proliferation as well as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 synthesis but not IFN-gamma synthesis. No toxic effects on liver or kidney functions were observed, nor was there any overall immune suppression" ]

[ "To compare blood pressure measurements taken at home by physicians, nurses, and patients with office blood pressure measurement , ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and home blood pressure measurement. A total of 44 patients seen by a home care program were studied. Protocol 1 a) blood pressure was measured by the patient, a physician and a nurse during a regular home visit (Home1); b) home blood pressure measurement was measured for 4 days (HBPM1); c) office blood pressure measurement was measured by a physician, a nurse, and the patient; and by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Protocol 2 blood pressure was measured by the patient, a physician, and a nurse during a special home visit in the presence of a physician and a nurse only (Home2); and b) home blood pressure measurement was taken for the second time (HBPM2). Echocardiography, guided by a two-dimensional echocardiograph, was performed. Protocol 1: a) office blood pressure measurement and Home1 were significantly higher than ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, except for systolic and diastolic office blood pressure measurement taken by the patient or a family member, systolic blood pressure taken by a nurse, and diastolic blood pressure taken by a physician. b) ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and HBPM1 were similar. Protocol 2: a) HBPM2 and Home2 were similar. b) Home2 was significantly lower than Home1, except for diastolic blood pressure taken by a nurse or the patient. There were significant relationships between: a) diastolic blood pressure measured by the patient and the thickness of the interventricular septum, posterior wall, and left ventricular mass; and b) ambulatory and HBPM2 diastolic and systolic blood pressure taken by a physician (home2) and left ventricular mass. Therefore, the data indicate that home blood pressure measurement and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring had good prognostic values relative to \"office measurement." ]

[ "Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring is gaining increasing popularity among patients and may be useful in hypertension management. Little is known about the reliability of stroke patients' records of home BP monitoring. To assess the reliability of home BP recording in hypertensive patients who had suffered a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Thirty-nine stroke patients (mean age 73 years) randomized to the intervention arm of a trial of home BP monitoring were included. Following instruction by a research nurse, patients recorded their BPs at home and documented them in a booklet over the next year. The booklet readings over a month were compared with the actual readings downloaded from the BP monitor and were checked for errors or selective bias in recording. A total of 1027 monitor and 716 booklet readings were recorded. Ninety per cent of booklet recordings were exactly the same as the BP monitor readings. Average booklet readings were 0.6 mmHg systolic [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.6 to 1.8] and 0.3 mmHg diastolic (95% CI -0.3 to 0.8) lower than those on the monitor.", "Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) is being used increasingly in clinical practice. One previous study has shown that there can be considerable variance between expert observers in the interpretation of ABPM data. The purpose of this study was to show whether computer-generated reports with the dablABPM system would provide more consistency in the interpretation of data than reports from expert observers. Twenty-six international experts in hypertension were invited to participate and 17 agreed to do so. Twelve ABPMs generated by the Spacelabs device that were considered representative of the patterns likely to be seen in practice were sent to each participant for reporting. The corresponding dabl reports with an automatic interpretation were generated according to the European Society of Hypertension guideline for comparison with the observer reports. Each of the observer-interpreted Spacelabs reports for the 12 ABPM patterns were coded, analysed and compared with the automatically interpreted dablABPM reports. Both sets of data were analysed for interobserver variability, observer v dablABPM consistency and the time taken for observer reportage. The main analysis determined issues of definite disagreement, namely the presence or absence of nocturnal dipping. Further analysis determined the presence or absence of white-coat phenomena and the severity of hypertension" ]

[ "There is no stage 5 in cancer, there are only stages 1 thru 4. Stage 4 (orIV) cancers have metastasized. Which means that they have spread to other organs or throughout the bo … dy.+ 12 others found this useful.Gladys Klopp.here is no stage 5 in cancer, there are only stages 1 thru 4. Stage 4 (orIV) cancers have metastasized. Which means that they have spread to other organs or throughout the bo … dy. + 12 others found this useful. Gladys Klopp." ]

[ "Stage 4 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most advanced form of the disease. In stage IV, the cancer has metastasized, or spread, beyond the lungs into other areas of the body.About 40 percent of NSCLC patients are diagnosed with lung cancer when they are in stage IV.tage 4 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most advanced form of the disease. In stage IV, the cancer has metastasized, or spread, beyond the lungs into other areas of the body.", "Cancer is said to be in stage 4 when the cancer is in a metastasized state, and has spread to the nearby lymph nodes and other parts of the body, such as the bones, liver, lungs, or brain. The cancer may have been diagnosed for the first time once it's in stage IV, or may the recurrence of a previous cancer." ]

[ "History of the Chicago White Sox The Chicago White Sox are a Major League Baseball team based on the South Side of Chicago. They are one of eight charter members of the American League, having played in Chicago since the inaugural 1901 season. They have won six American League pennants and three World Series titles, most recently in 2005. Despite long periods of mediocrity, the White Sox have among the most unusual, challenging, and celebrated histories of any Major League franchise. The team began as the minor league Sioux City Cornhuskers and played in the Western League. The WL reorganized" ]

[ "Midwest League, ending their brief relationship with the Kane County Cougars and shortly thereafter renaming the Silver Hawks the South Bend Cubs. The Chicago White Stockings, (today's Chicago Cubs), began spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas in 1886. President Albert Spalding (founder of Spalding Sporting Goods) and player/manager Cap Anson brought their players to Hot Springs and played at the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds. The concept was for the players to have training and fitness before the start of the regular season, utilizing the bath houses of Hot Springs after practices. After the White Stockings had a successful season in", "high price of mediocrity.\"\" By 1980, the White Sox were looking for new ownership. Veeck favored Ohio real estate tycoon Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr., whose family owned the NFL's San Francisco 49ers and the NHL's Pittsburgh Penguins and had tried to buy several MLB teams and move them to New Orleans. DeBartolo pleaded to be allowed to buy the White Sox and he promised to keep the team in Chicago. Baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn blocked the deal, because he thought DeBartolo would be bad for baseball. Instead, Veeck sold the team to an ownership group headed by Jerry Reinsdorf and" ]

[ "1 Surgery. 2 Physician assistants are the first assistants in surgery, even before other surgeons. 3 Surgical PAs usually perform certain surgical procedures on their own, such as putting in chest tubes, cutting and draining abscesses, as well as working as a part of a the surgeon/anesthesiologist/nursing team.4 Emergency.here are many other specialties that use PAs, and the demand in all of these depends on the needs of the medical facility and the community in which it resides. As an estimate, PAs can do about 80% of the work a physician does." ]

[ "What does a Surgeon do? Surgeons operate on the human body in the event of illness, injury, or disease. Sometimes surgeries are performed to correct problems in the body or to explore a cause of internal bleeding. Surgeons can perform any number of different surgical procedures on the body. Surgery involves the cutting into the body to repair, replace, or diagnose disease. Surgeons carry out the procedures and are in charge of all aspects of the surgery process.", "Surgeons who specialize in general surgery often provide surgical care for children, and they are fully qualified to perform many operations on children. In more urbanized areas of the country, another kind of surgeon -- the pediatric surgeon -- is also available to provide comprehensive surgical care for children.ediatric surgeons specialize in the surgical care of children. They are surgeons who, by training, are oriented toward working with children and understanding their special needs." ]

[ "With Word Viewer and the Compatibility Pack, you can view, print, and copy document contents to another program. However, you cannot edit an open document, save a document, or create a new document. This download is a replacement for Word Viewer 2003 and all previous Word Viewer versions. NOTE: The Microsoft Word Viewer is being retired in November, 2017. At that time, the Viewer will no longer be available for download and will no longer receive security updates. See Details for more information." ]

[ "Use Microsoft XPS Viewer Essentials Pack (EP) instead of XPSViewer.exe to open the document. Status Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the Applies to section.", "Microsoft Office Word 2007 Demo: Use Word Viewer to open or print Word documents. In this demo, a Microsoft employee who uses Word shows how you can download Word Viewer and the Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats. Close." ]

[ "What is WorldCat? WorldCat is the world's largest network of library content and services. WorldCat libraries are dedicated to providing access to their resources on the Web, where most people start their search for information. WorldCat.org lets you search the collections of libraries in your community and thousands more around the world." ]

[ "Tomcat is an open-source project which provides the official reference implementation of the Java Server Pages (JSP) and Java Servlets technologies. In other words, Tomcat serves dynamic web content based on Java technology, and the way it does it is the way it should be done (for Java).Tomcat is just one of many tools in the Apache Software Foundation. Other useful tools are: 1 ant -- a Java-based software-build tool.ou create your JSP code or servlets, write some web pages in HTML to reference them, compile everything, deploy it to Tomcat (which encapsulates it in a container), and test it via a web browser. For general servlet development information, see the Application Developer's Guide.", "FECAT stands for Federal Electronic Commerce Acquisition Team. Suggest new definition. This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories: Information technology (IT) and computers." ]

[ "Novel approaches including nonpharmacological methodologies for prevention and control of microbial pathogens and emerging antibiotic resistance are urgently needed. Procellera is a wound care device consisting of a matrix of alternating silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) dots held in position on a polyester substrate with a biocompatible binder. This electroceutical medical device is capable of generating a direct current voltage (0.5-0.9 Volts). Wound dressings containing metals such as Ag and/or Zn as active ingredients are being used for control of colonized and infected wounds. Reports on the presence of electric potential field across epithelium and wound current on wounding have shown that wound healing is enhanced in the presence of an external electrical field. However, majority of the electrical devices require an external power source for delivering pulsed or continuous electric power at the wound site. A microelectric potential-generating system without an external power source is an ideal treatment modality for application in both clinical and field settings. The research presented herein describes efficacy evaluation of a wireless bioelectric dressing against both planktonic and biofilm forms of wound pathogens including multidrug resistant organisms." ]

[ "Progesterone regulates cancer cell proliferation and invasion through its receptors (PR-A and PR-B), whose phosphorylation modifies their transcriptional activity and induce their degradation. We identified by in silico analysis a putative residue (Ser400) in PR that might be phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC), a family of enzymes involved in the proliferation and infiltration of astrocytomas, the most frequent and aggressive brain tumors. A grade III human astrocytoma-derived cell line was used to study the role of PKC in PR phosphorylation, transcriptional activity, and degradation. Treatment with PKC activator [tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)] increased PR phosphorylation in Ser400 after 5 minutes, which in turn induced PR transcriptional activity and its subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome 3-5 hours after treatment. Silencing or inhibition of PKC and PKC blocked PR phosphorylation and degradation induced by TPA. Both PR isoforms were associated with PKC and reached the maximum association after 5 minutes of TPA addition. These data correlated with immunnofluorescence assays in which nuclear colocalization of PKC with PR increased after TPA treatment. We observed a 2-fold increase in cell proliferation after PKC activation with TPA that was reduced with the PR antagonist, RU486. The PR S400A mutant revealed that this residue is essential for PKC-mediated PR phosphorylation and degradation. Our results show a key participation of PKC and PKC in PR regulation and function.", "Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon, low-to-intermediate grade sarcoma with several histologic variants, including pigmented (Bednar tumor), sclerosing, myxoid, atrophic, and DFSP with fibrosarcomatous changes. Two patterns of sclerosis in DFSP can be observed, a sclerotic fibroma-like pattern and a morphea/lichen sclerosus-like pattern. Partial biopsies of sclerosing DFSPs with the sclerotic fibroma pattern can be misdiagnosed as sclerotic fibroma or other benign sclerosing tumors (eg, perineurioma, dermatofibroma). DFSPs from our tissue archives were screened for tumors with a sclerosing pattern, and then studied with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD34, and elastic tissue staining to investigate whether such stains can differentiate sclerosing DFSP from sclerotic fibroma. Ten cases of sclerotic fibroma were similarly studied. Two of the 27 DFSPs were predominantly sclerosing and 5 additional DFSPs had a mixed histopathologic pattern including a sclerosing component. Immunohistochemically, all DFSPs with sclerosing (predominant or mixed) pattern were positive for CD34, and 5/7 were at least focally positive for EMA. Elastic tissue staining was reduced or absent in the sclerotic areas. All cases of sclerotic fibroma were either positive or focally positive for CD34, whereas EMA was focally positive in 5/10. Elastic tissue staining ranged from reduced to totally absent in the sclerotic fibromas. In conclusion, the similar histopathologic and immunophenotypic characteristics in sclerotic fibroma and sclerosing DFSP found in this analysis highlight the importance of obtaining clinical information and potentially additional excision for partial biopsies showing a sclerotic fibroma-like pattern." ]

[ "In any case, we don't want them to find me here. " ]

[ "No matter what, we know I can't escape their clutches." ]

[ "Hydrocodone detection time in urine. Hydrocodone reaches its peak concentration in urine after about 8 hours. At that point, levels of hydrocodone in urine begin to taper off. Depending on the dose taken, hydrocodone may only be detectable for 6-24 hours after taking the drug." ]

[ "How long does hydrocodone stay in your urine - How long does hydrocodone stay in your urine? See below. It can be detected in a urine drug screen for up to six days. It can also be detected in hair and nail samples for much longer than this. If you have a prescription for the pain medication this will not be a problem with a drug screen.", "In case you’ve taken hydrocodone maximum a day before you take a drug test, the chances are quite high to obtain a positive result. If you’ve taken it previous to those 24 hours, the levels will decrease significantly and most drug tests will not be able to detect them." ]

[ "To assess the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound measurements of fetal adrenal gland volume (AGV) and fetal zone enlargement (FZE) as predictors of PTB compared to measurements of cervical length (CL) and cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin (CVFF). This prospective study included women presenting at 28-36 weeks of gestation with threatened preterm labor (TPL). Fetal AGV and FZE were measured using 3D ultrasound. Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound was used to measure the CL. The AGV was corrected for the ultrasound-estimated fetal weight (cAGV). Qualitative CVFF detection was also performed. The diagnostic accuracy of cAGV, FZE, CL, and CVFF was compared considering preterm birth (PTB) within 7 days of recruitment as the main outcome measure. Seventy-five pregnant women were included in the final statistical analysis. Twenty-seven women (36 %) delivered within 7 days. cAGV and FZE had the highest sensitivities and specificities to predict PTB within 7 days when compared with CL and CVFF. Multivariate analysis, including cAGV, FZE, CL, and CVFF, revealed that cAGV and FZE were independent predictors of PTB within 7 days in the study participants" ]

[ "To determine whether measuring maternal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can improve the accuracy of sonographic estimation of fetal macrosomia. Sonographic estimation of fetal weight (EFW) and maternal HbA1c were obtained in term, non-diabetic patients within 1 week before delivery. Neonatal birth weights were recorded at delivery and compared with both sonographic estimations and HbA1c. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight of>or=4000 g. The absolute error of the sonographic EFW was calculated. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate sonographic EFW and HbA1c as predictors of birth weight>or=4000 g. Variables were tested using regression analysis and student's t-test. One hundred and sixty two patients were evaluated between July and December 2002. Twenty-eight patients (17.3%) delivered macrosomic infants. Sonographic EFW>or=4000 g predicted macrosomia with sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 66.6%, 88.8%, 54.5% and 93.0%, respectively. Its overall accuracy was 85.5%. The area under the ROC curve of sonographic EFW in the prediction of macrosomia was 0.9 (P<0.001). HbA1c levels in women delivering macrosomic and non-macrosomic neonates were 5.3 +/- 0.7% and 5.2 +/- 0.5%, respectively (P = 0.27). The area under the ROC curve of HbA1c in the prediction of macrosomia was 0.53 (P = 0.27)", "OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate birthweight prediction models using fetal fractional thigh volume (TVol) in an Indian population, comparing them with existing prediction models developed for other ethnicities.METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted among 131 pregnant women (>36 weeks) attending a tertiary hospital in New Delhi, India, for prenatal care between December 1, 2014, and November 1, 2016. Participants were randomly divided into formulating (n=100) and validation (n=31) groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to generate four models to predict birthweight using various combinations of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic parameters and a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonographic parameter (TVol). The best fit model was compared with previously published 2D and 3D models.RESULTS: The best fit model comprised biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and TVol. This model had the lowest mean percentage error (0.624 ± 8.075) and the highest coefficient of determination (R2 =0.660). It correctly predicted 70.2% and 91.6% of birthweights within 5% and 10% of actual weight, respectively. Compared with previous models, attributability for the 2D and 3D models was 0.65 and 0.55, respectively. Accuracy was -0.05 ± 1.007 and -2.54 ± 1.11, respectively.CONCLUSION: Models that included TVol provided good prediction of birthweight in the target population." ]

[ " Pathfinder Badge (United States) The Pathfinder Badge is a military badge of the United States Army awarded to soldiers who successfully complete the U.S. Army Pathfinder School at Fort Benning, Georgia.", " Fort Benning Fort Benning is a United States Army base straddling the Alabama-Georgia border next to Columbus, Georgia. Fort Benning supports more than 120,000 active-duty military, family members, reserve component soldiers, retirees, and civilian employees on a daily basis. It is a power projection platform, and possesses the capability to deploy combat-ready forces by air, rail, and highway. Fort Benning is the home of the United States Army Maneuver Center of Excellence, the United States Army Armor School, United States Army Infantry School, the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (formerly known as the School of the Americas), elements of the 75th Ranger Regiment (United States), 3rd Brigade – 3rd Infantry Division, and many other additional tenant units." ]

[ " America Supports You America Supports You is a United States Department of Defense program that provides opportunities for citizens to show their support for the U.S. armed forces. The program was launched in 2004 in an effort to highlight citizen support for U.S. military men and women.", " Special Forces Tab The Special Forces Tab is a service school qualification tab of the United States Army, awarded to any soldier completing either the Special Forces Qualification Course, or the Special Forces Detachment Officer Qualification Course (formerly known as the Special Forces Officer Course), at the U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, Fort Bragg, North Carolina (previously known as the U.S. Army Institute for Military Assistance). Soldiers who are awarded the Special Forces Tab are authorized to wear it for the remainder of their military careers, even when not serving in a Special Forces command." ]

[ "Moore tried, unsuccessfully, to keep Miranda's confession from being admitted into evidence, and Miranda was convicted of rape and kidnapping. Judge Yale McFate sentenced him to 20 to 30 years on each charge, to be served concurrently." ]

[ "Ernesto Miranda Trials: 1963 & 1967. Defendant: Ernesto Miranda. Crimes Charged: Kidnapping and rape. Chief Defense Lawyers: First trial: Alvin Moore; second Trial: John Flynn. Chief Prosecutors: First trial: Laurence Turoff; second trial: Robert Corbin. Judges: First trial: Yale McFate; second trial: Lawrence K. Wren.", "After the Supreme Court decision set aside Miranda's initial conviction, the state of Arizona retried him. At the second trial, with his confession excluded from evidence, he was again convicted. Biography Early life. Ernesto Arturo Miranda was a Mexican-American citizen born in Mesa, Arizona, on March 9, 1941." ]

[ "Skinny Love \"\"Skinny Love\"\" is a song written by American musician and songwriter Justin Vernon. It was originally released by the indie folk band Bon Iver, of which Vernon is a member, in 2007. A cover version by the British vocalist Birdy was released in 2011. Both versions charted internationally and have been featured in multiple television and film soundtracks. The song has since become a popular tune for various singing competition shows around the anglophone world. \"\"Skinny Love\"\" was the first single released from Bon Iver's 2007 début album \"\"For Emma, Forever Ago\"\" in America. The song was released" ]

[ "Skinny Girl Diet Skinny Girl Diet is an unsigned independent British political punk band, often described as riot grrrl, formed in London, England. The group consists of singer, songwriter and guitarist Delilah Holliday and drummer Ursula Holliday. Sisters Delilah and Ursula Holliday had played together in a two piece called Typical Girls, before forming Skinny Girl Diet with their cousin Amelia Cutler around 2010 whilst all were in their early teens. The name is a reference to feminist critique of the dieting industry. Amelia left the band in 2017; the Holliday sisters continue as a two piece. Skinny Girl Diet", "Hot Love (T. Rex song) \"\"Hot Love\"\" is a song by English glam rock act T. Rex, released as a standalone single on 12 February 1971 by record label Fly. It was the group's first number one placing on the UK Singles Chart, where it remained at the top for six weeks beginning on 20 March 1971. The two performances of the song in March 1971 on \"\"Top of the Pops\"\", which saw Bolan dressed for the first time on television in shiny satin stagewear and glittery make-up (the latter at the suggestion of his stylist Chelita Secunda) were a" ]

[ "Postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely associated with reduction in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-214 plays an important role in the genesis and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we performed this study to investigate the potential mechanism by which miR-214 regulates osteoblast differentiation of MSCs. First, we explored the expression of miR-214 in MSCs of osteoporotic mice. Next, we examined the change of miR-214 during osteoblast differentiation of MSCs. Then, MSCs were infected with lentiviral vectors expressing miR-214 or miR-214 sponge to investigate the effect of miR-214 on osteoblast differentiation of MSCs. Further, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify and validate the target gene of miR-214. MiR-214 was up-regulated in MSCs of osteoporotic mice and down-regulated during osteoblast differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-214 inhibited osteoblast differentiation of MSCs in vitro, whereas inhibition of miR-214 function promoted this process, evidenced by increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and matrix mineralization. Bioinformatics, Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that FGFR1 is a direct target of miR-214" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of periodontal and alveolar bone tissues. Antisense to the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 transcript (CDR1as), which is a newly discovered circular RNA (circRNA), has been reported to act as an miR-7 sponge and to be involved in many biological processes. Here, we investigated the potential roles of CDR1as and miR-7 in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.METHODS: The expression pattern of CDR1as and miR-7 in PDLSCs during osteogenesis was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then we overexpressed or knocked down CDR1as or miR-7 to confirm whether they were involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation in PDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining were used to detect the activity of osteoblasts and mineral deposition. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter assay was conducted to analyze the binding of miR-7 to growth differentiation factor (GDF)5. To further verify the role of CDR1as in osteoblast differentiation, we conducted animal experiments in vivo. New bone formation in specimens was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS: We observed that CDR1as was significantly upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR-7 was significantly downregulated. Moreover, knockdown of CDR1as and overexpression of miR-7 inhibited the ALP activity, ARS staining, and expression of osteogenic genes. Overexpression of miR-7 significantly reduced the activity of luciferase reporter vectors containing the wild-type, but not the mutant, 3' untranslated region (UTR) sequence of GDF5. Furthermore, knockdown of GDF5 partially reversed the effects of miR-7 inhibitor on osteoblast differentiation. Downregulation of CDR1as or GDF5 subsequently inhibited phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), while upregulation of miR-7 decreased the level of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK. In vivo, CDR1as knockdown lead to less bone formation compared with the control group as revealed by micro-CT and the histological analysis.CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that CDR1as acts as a miR-7 inhibitor, triggering the upregulation of GDF5 and subsequent Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation to promote osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. This study provides a novel understanding of the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, and suggests a potential method for promoting bone formation.", "We previously demonstrated that miR-214 is upregulated in malignant melanomas and triple-negative breast tumors and promotes metastatic dissemination by affecting a complex pathway including the anti-metastatic miR-148b. Importantly, tumor dissemination could be reduced by blocking miR-214 function or increasing miR-148b expression or by simultaneous interventions. Based on this evidence, with the intent to explore the role of miR-214 as a target for therapy, we evaluated the capability of new chemically modified anti-miR-214, R97/R98, to inhibit miR-214 coordinated metastatic traits. Relevantly, when melanoma or breast cancer cells were transfected with R97/R98, anti-miR-214 reduced miR-214 expression and impaired transendothelial migration were observed. Noteworthy, when the same cells were injected in the tail vein of mice, cell extravasation and metastatic nodule formation in lungs were strongly reduced. Thus, suggesting that R97/R98 anti-miR-214 oligonucleotides were able to inhibit tumor cell escaping through the endothelium. More importantly, when R97/R98 anti-miR-214 compounds were systemically delivered to mice carrying melanomas or breast or neuroendocrine pancreatic cancers, a reduced number of circulating tumor cells and lung or lymph node metastasis formation were detected. Similar results were also obtained when AAV8-miR-214 sponges were used in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. Based on this evidence, we propose miR-214 as a promising target for anti-metastatic therapies." ]

[ "USI.6: Explain the reasons for the adoption of the Articles of Confederation in 1781, including why its drafters created a weak central government; analyze the shortcomings of the national government under the Articles; and describe the crucial events (e.g., Shays’ Rebellion) leading to the Constitutional Convention." ]

[ "The rebellion took place in a political climate where reform of the country's governing document, the Articles of Confederation, was widely seen as necessary.", "The American Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. Shay's Rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. When the central government couldn't put down the rebellion, the first stirrings of federalism began to gather strength. The British, of course, did not recognize the Declaration and continued to send troops to contain the rebellion." ]

[ "Russell Watson cover version. Where My Heart Will Take Me is a reworked version of Faith of the Heart, which was performed by English tenor Russell Watson as the theme song to the 2001 television series Star Trek: Enterprise." ]

[ "Rihanna returns with Star Trek Beyond theme Sledgehammer. The self-professed Star Trek fan falls short in her single for the third entry in the revamped film franchise, with a generic-sounding ballad co-written by Sia. Beam me up, Rihanna.", "Background information. 1 Gene Roddenberry wrote lyrics for the Theme from Star Trek in order to secure a partial writer's credit for the song. 2 Due to the overall length of the episodes of The Original Series, several minutes of each episode are frequently cut during the show's reruns, notably on the Sci-Fi Channel." ]

[ "Mister Fantastic/Reed Richards is the Fantastic 4 member who can stretch & shift his body. Played by Ioan Gruffudd in movie." ]

[ "Said CTO Steve May: “Animating tentacles is very complicated because there’s an arbitrary number of joints — and Hank has seven legs. That's a lot for an animator to animate by hand. Plus an octopus is super elastic, almost gooey when it moves. We had to develop a new system to help the animators animate him with key frame (hand) animation, plus simulate the dynamics of the tissue, to get the weight of the tentacles.", "1 Elasticity: Groot can extend any part of his body to make himself longer, can make himself taller, and can extend his fingers and arms. Body Manipulation: Groot has the ability to change his physical form, and shape his body in various ways." ]

[ "The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of manipulating hematocrit by different methods (acute exercise, training or isovolumic hemodilution) on blood viscosity in high-level aerobic endurance athletes. We hypothesized than increasing hematocrit does not always cause a rise in blood viscosity.Sixteen endurance athletes underwent maximal exercise before and after 4 weeks of training with (LHTL; n = 10) or without (placebo; n = 6) Live High-Train Low modalities. Total hemoglobin mass was measured before and after training by a carbon monoxide rebreathing technique. After training, subjects performed two maximal exercise bouts separated by isovolumic hemodilution (phlebotomy and/or plasma volume expander) to readjust red blood cell volume and plasma volume to baseline values. Blood samples were obtained before and after exercise to assess hematocrit and blood and plasma viscosity.Training session (LHTL and placebo) increased hematocrit (Hct) in all subjects but without any significant change in blood viscosity. The decrease in plasma viscosity in all groups may explain this result. Isovolumic hemodilution caused a drop of Hct without any significant change in blood viscosity at rest. Maximal exercise increased Hct, blood and plasma viscosities in both groups, regardless of isovolumic hemodilution. However, peak hemorheological values after exercise were lower after isovolumic hemodilution.In conclusion, while acute increase in Hct during exercise caused an increase of blood viscosity, the chronic increase of Hct induced by training session did not result in a rise in blood viscosity. The lowering of plasma viscosity during training may compensate for the increase of Hct, hence limiting its impact on blood viscosity." ]

[ "Resistance exercise is believed to be important for improving several biomarkers of health and contributing to decreased all-cause mortality. However, a careful examination of the literature reveals a growing body of cross-sectional studies finding stronger associations between strength independent of physical activity on these various outcomes and biomarkers (i.e., C - reactive protein, homocysteine, total cholesterol) of health. Considering that engagement in resistance type exercise is associated with an increase in strength, such cross-sectional data is often used to promote engagement in resistance training. When one examines the cross-sectional studies together with the experimental work, however, this relationship becomes less clear. For example, being in a higher tertile or quartile for grip strength may be associated with more favorable biomarkers or health outcomes, yet, experimental work shows that grip strength does not change with traditional resistance exercise. This seems to suggest that our interpretation and application of this literature may be incorrect. It is our opinion that much of the cross-sectional work may more accurately illustrate inherent differences between individuals who are \"weak\" and individuals who are \"strong\". In addition, there is conflicting experimental evidence and a lack of longitudinal support that resistance exercise may have a meaningful effect on long-term health outcomes. Using this evidence, we present our \"human baseline hypothesis\", which proposes that the baseline value of strength that a person possesses prior to training may be a more appropriate indicator regarding long-term health outcomes than the act of training itself.", "BACKGROUND: Acute exercise increases red blood cell-nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) activation and RBC deformability but the effect of regular training remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To detect the chronic effect of enduring moderate and high intensity training on the RBC-NOS/NO pathway and to detect a relation between RBC deformability and endurance capacity.METHODS: 38 healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three training groups: High Volume Training (HVT; 120-140 beats per minute (bpm)), High Intensity Training (HIT; 160-180 bpm) and Moderate Intensity Training (MIT; 140-160 bpm). Blood parameters, maximum oxygen capacity (VO2 max), RBC deformability, RBC nitrite level and RBC-NOS activation were measured after venous blood sampling at rest pre (T0) and after six weeks of training (T1).RESULTS: RBC-NOS activation, RBC nitrite concentration and RBC deformability were significantly increased at T1 in the HIT group. Parameters were unaltered in MIT and HVT. Maximum oxygen uptake was only significantly increased in the HIT group and regression analysis revealed positive regression between VO2 max and RBC deformability.CONCLUSIONS: High intensity training was the only training programme that sustainably affected RBC-NOS dependent NO production and performance capacity. HIT therefore represents a time efficient training program resulting in improved RBC function potentially improving physical condition." ]

[ "Concern exists that androgen treatment might adversely impact prostate health in older men. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), derived from local conversion of testosterone to DHT by 5α-reductase enzymes, is the principal androgen within the prostate. Exogenous androgens raise serum DHT concentrations, but their effects on the prostate are not clear. To determine the impact of large increases in serum DHT concentrations on intraprostatic androgen concentrations and androgen action within the prostate. Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled. Single academic medical center. 31 healthy men ages 35-55. Daily transdermal DHT or placebo gel. Serum and prostate tissue androgen concentrations and prostate epithelial cell gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Twenty-seven men completed all study procedures. Serum DHT levels increased nearly sevenfold, while testosterone levels decreased in men treated with daily transdermal DHT gel but were unchanged in the placebo-treated group (P < 0.01 between groups). In contrast, intraprostatic DHT and testosterone concentrations on d 28 were not different between groups (DHT: placebo = 2.8 ± 0.2 vs. DHT gel = 3.1 ± 0.5 ng/g; T: placebo = 0.6 ± 0.2 vs. DHT gel = 0.4 ± 0.1, mean ± se). Similarly, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, epithelial cell proliferation, and androgen-regulated gene expression were not different between groups" ]

[ "Lower circulating androgens and poorer lung function are associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in men. The association between androgens and lung function is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that circulating testosterone (T) and its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E2) are differentially associated with lung function in men. Early-morning serum T, DHT and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry in 1768 community-dwelling men from Busselton, Western Australia. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured using spirometry. Linear regression models adjusting for age, height, smoking, exercise, body mass index, respiratory conditions and cardiovascular risk factors were used. Mean age was 50.1 ± 16·8 years. 16·0% were current smokers, 14·1% reported a history of asthma and 2·7% reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current smokers had higher T compared with never smokers (age-adjusted mean 14·5 vs 13·5 nmol/l, P = 0·002) and higher E2 (65·3 vs 60·1 pmol/l, P = 0·017). In fully adjusted analyses, T was associated with FEV1 (51 ml per 1 SD increase, P < 0·001) as was DHT (62 ml, P < 0·001), E2 was not (P = 0·926). Similar results were seen for FVC (T: 76 ml, P < 0·001; DHT: 65 ml, P < 0·001; E2 P = 0·664). Higher DHT was marginally associated with the ratio FEV1/FVC (0·3% per 1 SD increase, P = 0·047)", "BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel (D-ADT) increases overall survival (OS) in men with high-volume, metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Although the vast majority of men initially respond to D-ADT, most will progress and develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Little is known about the optimal treatment sequence for men with progressive disease on D-ADT.PATIENT AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of consecutive mHSPC patients treated with ?3 cycles of D-ADT at Cleveland Clinic and University of Wisconsin-Madison was undertaken. The primary end-points included radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) and OS with first-line treatment for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).RESULTS: Final analysis included 136 patients, median age 65 (range 35-86), 77% GS ? 8, and 79% with high-volume disease who received ?3 cycles of docetaxel. Undetectable PSA values at 12 and 24 months were observed in 32% and 25% of patients, respectively. Median time to CRPC (biochemical, clinical, or radiographic) was 19.6 months (16.6-22.6). Sixty patients (44%) received ?1 treatment for CRPC: 48 patients (80%) received a second-generation hormonal therapy (sHT). Among these, 22 received abiraterone acetate, 20 enzalutamide, and six a novel CYP-17 inhibitor on trial (ASN-001). Five patients (8%) received sipuleucel-T; four (7%) radium-223, five (8%) chemotherapy (two carboplatin-based, two single agent cabazitaxel, one single agent docetaxel) and three other. Patients receiving sHT as the first treatment for mCRPC had a median rPFS of 9.0 months (95%CI, 6.9-11.2) compared with 3.0 months (95%CI, 1.5-4.5) for patients who received a non-sHT (P = 0.024). The choice of first therapy for mCRPC was independent of GS (P = 0.909), visceral disease (P = 0.690) and time to CRPC (P = 0.844). Longer OS correlated with time to CRPC (P = 0.010) and first treatment for CRPC with sHT (P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: For patients with progressive disease on D-ADT, subsequent treatment with a sHT is associated with a longer rPFS and OS." ]

[ "Facebook Marketplace Tutorial. Tweet. Facebook Marketplace is a thing that’s been around for a while but it hasn’t really kicked off internationally yet. However, looking at the trend, and it’s more apparent placement in the new Facebook navigation, the statistics below are sure to take off even more." ]

[ "Publisher's Description. Zune Marketplace is the entertainment superstore that never closes where you can browse music, movies, videos, and podcasts whenever you like, with brand-new releases every week. Download Zune 4.0 software to get started and get a Zune Pass music subscription to start a listening spree.", "With the help of Pinterest, which now integrates browsing and shopping features, social shopping has progressed from a fad to a legitimate way of buying online. Mainstream marketplaces like Amazon, eBay, Newegg, and dozens of retailer sites are our go-to online shopping destinations." ]

[ "Voyeurism is a strange type of behavior in which someone gets turned on by watching other people, especially in sexual situations. There are a lot of odd people in the world, including those who have an extreme, often sexual interest in watching other people — who may or may not be having sex. These voyeurs get off more on watching than doing." ]

[ "UVEOMENINGOENCEPHALITIC syndrome (Vogt-Koyanagi-Haranda [VKH]) is an unusual syndrome with important neurological complications and has not, to my knowledge, been discussed in English in the neurological literature.KH is a multisystem disorder and includes idiopathic uveitis, dysacousia, leukodermia, alopecia, canities (whitened hair), poliosis (whitened eyebrows and eyelashes), acute encephalitic signs, and fluctuating meningeal symptoms both central and peripheral.", "The person who is doing the watching—known as the “voyeur”—typically engages in the act of voyeurism out of a sexual interest derived both from the act of voyeurism and because of an interest in the person/people being watched, with whom the voyeur otherwise does not interact." ]

[ "the only area to have not joined as a part of another state or gained full independence as a sovereign nation.) The Trusteeship Council was not assigned responsibility for colonial territories outside the trusteeship system, although the Charter did establish the principle that member states were to administer such territories in conformity with the best interests of their inhabitants. Its mission fulfilled, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operation on 1st of November 1994, and although under the United Nations Charter it continues to exist on paper, its future role and even existence remains uncertain. The Trusteeship Council is currently ()" ]

[ "of Chemical Weapons in 2013. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded in 1954 and 1981, becoming one of only two recipients to win the prize twice. The UN as a whole was awarded the prize in 2001, sharing it with Annan. In 2007, IPCC received the prize \"\"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change.\"\" Since its founding, there have been many calls for reform of the UN but little consensus on how to do so. Some", "the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission. UN peacekeepers have also drawn criticism in several postings. Peacekeepers have been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, or sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and what is now South Sudan, Burundi and Ivory Coast. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the 2010–2013 Haiti cholera outbreak, which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The budget for peacekeeping is assessed separately" ]

[ "In recent years, research has increasingly demonstrated the strong correlation between mental and physical health. Mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can affect an individual's physical wellbeing, leading to chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. The mechanism behind this is that mental distress can lead to harmful physiological changes in the body, including increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which can in turn affect immune system functioning and overall health. Furthermore, individuals with mental health issues are less likely to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as regular exercise and balanced diet, which can exacerbate physical health issues. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to healthcare must consider both mental and physical health as interconnected aspects of human wellbeing. Such an approach has been shown to improve outcomes for individuals with chronic conditions and improve population health overall" ]

[ "Physical health has been the subject of extensive research in the biomedical field. Factors such as diet, exercise, and genetics can all influence an individual's physical health. Conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are often linked to lifestyle factors and can be prevented or managed through a combination of medication, diet, and exercise. There is also growing interest in the field of personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to the individual's unique genetic makeup. However, it is important to note that despite the advancements in biomedical research, there are still many unknowns in the field of physical health. For example, the exact mechanisms behind many diseases are still not fully understood. Furthermore, there is a need for more research into the health disparities that exist within populations, as these can have a significant impact on physical health outcomes" ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Amplification of sensory signalling within the nervous system along with psychosocial factors contributes to the variation and severity of knee pain. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a non-invasive test battery that assesses sensory perception of thermal, pressure, mechanical and vibration stimuli used in the assessment of pain. Psychosocial factors also have an important role in explaining the occurrence of pain. The aim was to determine whether QST measures were associated with self-reported pain, and whether those associations were mediated by psychosocial factors.METHODS: Participants with knee pain identified from a population-based cohort completed a tender point count and a reduced QST battery of thermal, mechanical and pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation, mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS), dynamic mechanical allodynia (DMA) and vibration detection threshold performed following the protocol by the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain. QST assessments were performed at the most painful knee and opposite forearm (if pain-free). Participants were asked to score for their global and knee pain intensities within the past month (range 0-10), and complete questionnaire items investigating anxiety, depression, illness perceptions, pain catastrophising, and physical functioning. QST measures (independent variable) significantly correlated (Spearman's rho) with self-reported pain intensity (dependent variable) were included in structural equation models with psychosocial factors (latent mediators).RESULTS: Seventy-two participants were recruited with 61 participants (36 women; median age 64 years) with complete data included in subsequent analyses. Tender point count was significantly correlated with global pain intensity. DMA at the knee and MPS at the most painful knee and opposite pain-free forearm were significantly correlated with both global pain and knee pain intensities. Psychosocial factors including pain catastrophising sub-scales (rumination and helplessness) and illness perceptions (consequences and concern) were significant partial mediators of the association with global pain intensity when loaded on to a latent mediator for: tender point count [75% total effect; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22%, 100%]; MPS at the knee (49%; 12%, 86%); and DMA at the knee (63%; 5%, 100%). Latent psychosocial factors were also significant partial mediators of the association between pain intensity at the tested knee with MPS at the knee (30%; 2%, 58%), but not for DMA at the knee.CONCLUSIONS: Measures of mechanical hyperalgesia at the most painful knee and pain-free opposite forearm were associated with increased knee and global pain indicative of altered central processing. Psychosocial factors were significant partial mediators, highlighting the importance of the central integration of emotional processing in pain perception.IMPLICATIONS: Associations between mechanical hyperalgesia at the forearm and knee, psychosocial factors and increased levels of clinical global and knee pain intensity provide evidence of altered central processing as a key mechanism in knee pain, with psychological factors playing a key role in the expression of clinical pain." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of experimental knee pain on perceived knee pain and gait patterns and to examine the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on perceived knee pain and pain-induced knee gait mechanics.DESIGN: Crossover trial.SETTING: Biomechanics laboratory.PARTICIPANTS: Recreationally active, individuals without musculoskeletal pain aged 18 to 35 years (N=30).INTERVENTIONS: Thirty able-bodied individuals were assigned to either a TENS (n=15) or a placebo (n=15) group. All participants completed 3 experimental sessions in a counterbalanced order separated by 2 days: (1) hypertonic saline infusion (5% NaCl); (2) isotonic saline infusion (0.9% NaCl); and (3) control. Each group received sensory electrical stimulation or placebo treatment for 20 minutes, respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perceived pain was collected every 2 minutes using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) for 50 minutes and analyzed using a mixed model analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Gait analyses were performed at baseline, infusion, and treatment. Sagittal and frontal knee angles and internal net joint torque across the entire stance were analyzed using a functional data analysis approach.RESULTS: Hypertonic saline infusion increased perceived pain (4/10cm on a VAS; P<.05) and altered right knee angle (more flexion and less abduction; P<.05) and internal net joint torque (less extension and greater abduction; P<.05) across various stance phases. TENS treatment reduced perceived pain and improved right sagittal gait abnormalities as compared with placebo treatment (P<.05).CONCLUSIONS: This pain model increases perceived pain and induces compensatory gait patterns in a way that indicates potential quadriceps weakness. However, TENS treatment effectively reduces perceived pain and restores pain-induced gait abnormalities in sagittal knee mechanics.", "Osteoarthritis of the knee can lead to substantial disability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device in a small case series of treatment of quadriceps muscle weakness and decreased function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. We evaluated isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength, objective functional improvement, subjective functional improvement, quality of life, and pain relief. Patients were then matched with a previously studied cohort with similar osteoarthritic characteristics. Testing demonstrated improvement in isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, as well as several functional and patient-reported metrics. Conversely, patients reported a decrease in Knee Society Score (KSS) functional score, short-form 36 health survey (SF-36), lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; however, no changes were observed in relation to the mean reported VAS pain score and SF-36 physical component. Control cohort analysis of the patient reported outcomes showed that patients improved from their first visit to 3 months follow-up in functional KSS, SF-36 physical component, and LEFS. However, VAS pain score and objective KSS were unchanged at follow-up. Similarly, a decrease was observed in the scores of the SF-36 mental component. In conclusion, the use of NMES for quadriceps muscle weakness has been shown to improve muscle strength. Additionally, NMES was shown to potentially improve functionality but demonstrated minimal effects on quality of life and patient-reported outcomes compared with the initial visit. However, larger, longer-term, prospective, randomized studies are needed to better evaluate these outcomes." ]

[ "School nursing is recognized as a specialty nursing area and has become more clearly defined with the development of standards of practice. Additionally, school nurses might further specialize their practice with a focus on children with special needs, early childhood programs, elementary or secondary age children, adolescents, or students with high-risk behaviors." ]

[ "Philadelphia's La Salle University is a private university that's affiliated with the Roman Catholic church. Students can earn an M.S.N. Certificate Program - School Nurse Certificate. The program prepares them to serve in a school nurse setting, working with children from infancy through 21 years of age.", "Some school nursing positions require frequent travel among schools. Only 45% of public schools had a dedicated, full-time nurse in 2011. Due to funding cuts, more and more nurses are covering several public schools within a district." ]

[ "The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is an essential regulator of energy intake and body weight. Recently, the V103I polymorphism of MC4R has been shown to be negatively associated with body mass index. This suggests that serum lipids and blood pressure in individuals carrying the 103I allele might be influenced as well. The objective of this study was to determine whether the most common polymorphism of the MC4R, V103I, affects serum lipid levels and/or blood pressure. The study participants were 1173 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization; they were genotyped for the rs2229616 G-->A substitution at codon 103 (V103I polymorphism) of the MC4R gene. Patients had strictly fasted for at least 12 h before blood samples were drawn. The average age of the patients was 60.9 yr; 72% were males. The main outcome measures were body mass index, serum lipids, aortic and systolic blood pressure, and MC4R polymorphism V103I. Heterozygous carriers of the 103I allele had significantly lower triglyceride levels than individuals homozygous for the wild-type allele (127 vs. 168 mg/dl mean total triglyceride; P = 0.001 or 0.009 after Bonferroni adjustment for seven tests). No homozygous carriers of the 103I allele were present in the study population" ]

[ "The low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level of a 38-year-old man diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome was 257 mg/dL. The administration of a proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) antibody in addition to rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe was initiated, reducing his LDL-C level to 37 mg/dL. A genetic analysis revealed both an LDL receptor (LDLR) mutation and a PCSK9 V4I mutation. Nine months after revascularization, intravascular ultrasound revealed plaque regression in the coronary arteries. LDLR/PCSK9 mutation carriers are prone to coronary artery disease. Intensive LDL-C lowering by including PCSK9 antibody was associated with coronary plaque regression, suggesting the expectation of prognosis improvement.", "A common functional missense mutation [Ala54Thr of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene (FABP2)] has previously been studied for associations with glucoregulation, postprandial lipemia, and lipid oxidation rates. However, most of those studies have not accounted for the interactive and potentially confounding effects of habitual physical activity and diet. We tested the hypothesis that, in sedentary nondiabetic subjects following a low-fat diet, Thr54 FABP2 carriers have lower glucoregulatory function, greater postprandial lipemia, and greater lipid oxidation rates than do their Ala54 FABP2-homozygous counterparts. Men and women (n = 122) aged 50-75 y who were following a low-fat diet were genotyped and underwent oral-glucose-tolerance tests. A subgroup (n = 36) also underwent postprandial lipemia tests with lipid oxidation rate measurements. Thr54 carriers were less likely to have normal glucose tolerance (P = 0.05) and had higher fasting glucose concentrations (P = 0.003) than did Ala54 homozygotes. In Thr54 carriers, the insulin sensitivity index was lower (P = 0.02), and the fasting insulin and the oral-glucose-tolerance test insulin area under the curve were higher (P = 0.05 and 0.03, respectively) than in Ala54 homozygotes. FABP2 genotype was not associated with fasting or postprandial lipemia test triacylglycerol or free fatty acids (P > or = 0.22 for all), but postprandial lipid oxidation rates were higher (P = 0.01), which suggests that fat absorption is higher in Thr54 carriers than in Ala54 homozygotes" ]

[ "PROBLEM: The process of industrialization and lifestyle changes have gradually exposed human ‎societies to a larger number of environmental risk factors, which may cause hormonal ‎abnormalities and congenital anomalies.BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship ‎between environmental factors and hormonal abnormalities among pregnant women in Yazd, ‎Iran.METHODS: A hundred participants were randomly selected from among a group of pregnant women. According to the screening tests (AFP, free -‎HCG, uE3, PAPP-A, and inhibin-A) performed at the genome clinic in Yazd in 2016, the risk of Down Syndrome (DS) was sufficiently high in this group of pregnant women from which the participants were selected. A ‎questionnaire was used to collect data on the degree of the participants' exposure to pesticides ‎at home, use of canned and fast foods, and consumption of greenhouse fruits. The collected data were ‎analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis Test.FINDINGS: The mean of Multiple of Median (MoM) for inhibin-A was significantly higher among pregnant ‎women who often or always used pesticides at home (p=0.047). The mean MoM ‎for free -HCG was significantly higher among pregnant women who often or always used canned ‎foods (p=0.024). Finally, the mean MoM for uE3 (1.851.30) was significantly higher among ‎pregnant women who never consumed greenhouse fruits (p=0.003).CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that it is possible to reduce environmental exposures affecting hormonal abnormalities among pregnant women by improving nutritional patterns, minimizing the use of pesticides at home, and reducing the intake of canned foods and greenhouse fruits." ]

[ "There is growing evidence that environmental exposure to pesticides may increase the risk of developing reproductive and developmental disorders. This study determined the prevalence and risk of developing gestational disorders and male congenital genitourinary malformations in areas with distinct exposure to pesticides, many of them with potential endocrine disrupting properties. A population-based case-control study was carried out on pregnant women and male children living in ten health districts of Andalusia classified as areas of high and low environmental exposure to pesticides according to agronomic criteria. The study population included 45,050 cases and 950,620 controls matched for age and health district. Data were collected from computerized hospital records between 1998 and 2005. Prevalence rates and risk of miscarriage, low birth weight, hypospadias, cryptorchidism and micropenis were significantly greater in areas with higher use of pesticides in relation to those with lower use, thus supporting and extending previous information.", "There is clear evidence that the mother's stress, anxiety, or depression during pregnancy can alter the development of her fetus and her child, with an increased risk for later psychopathology. We are starting to understand some of the underlying mechanisms including the role of the placenta, gene-environment interactions, epigenetics, and specific systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cytokines. In this review we also consider how these effects may be different, and potentially exacerbated, in different parts of the world. There can be many reasons for elevated prenatal stress, as in communities at war. There may be raised pregnancy-specific anxiety with high levels of maternal and infant death. There can be raised interpersonal violence (in Afghanistan 90.2% of women thought that \"wife beating\" was justified compared with 2.0% in Argentina). There may be interactions with nutritional deficiencies or with extremes of temperature. Prenatal stress alters the microbiome, and this can differ in different countries. Genetic differences in different ethnic groups may make some more vulnerable or more resilient to the effects of prenatal stress on child neurodevelopment. Most research on these questions has been in predominantly Caucasian samples from high-income countries. It is now time to understand more about prenatal stress and psychopathology, and the role of both social and biological differences, in the rest of the world." ]

[ "What does ethnic mean? \"What does ethnic mean? Ethnic refers to different people around the world: religious,traditional, race, culture etc. What does ethnicity mean? Ethnicity means an identification with a certain race or background. Ethnic groups are defined by country, region, and heritage. Ethnicity means in relation to things that ar …BJ Sullivan 3,242,404 Contributions What does pride mean? The definition of pride is: . a feeling of self-respect and personal worth . satisfaction with your (or another's) achievements; \"\"he takes pride in his son's success\"\" . th …How can ethnic pride become enthnocetrism? Ethnic pride is simply taking pride in one's cultural heritage. However, it can easily become ethnocentrism when one's own cultureand ethnicity is seen as superior to or more i …Otto Grainer 25 Contributions What does national pride mean? National pride means being proud of your own country or proud of yourself for being from your country. It means being proud and happy of being a citizen of that country. It ca …Casebk 31 Contributions What is Ethnic Pride?why u asking me What is ethnic mean? IM GONNA PUNCH YOU IN THE FACE.. IM GONNA PUNCH YOU IN THE FACE. How are hobbits inferior by means of pride? Hobbits are by no means inferiors regarding pride! Prouds like peakcoks are the dwarfs, not the hobbits. What does a cat with pride mean?it means the cat is a warrior and ferrous soldier Jessica B 13,350 Contributions What is the meaning of tinge of pride? You feel proud of yourself. Govind123456789 153 Contributions What does pride myself mean?pride means a group of lions. What does prideful mean? Arrogant; disdainful . Highly pleased; elated \"" ]

[ "International Organizations 37 terms gabi_russell2International Organizations Learn Flashcards Write Spell Test Match Gravity Advertisement Upgrade to remove ads Like this study set? Create a free account to save it. Create a free account Maybe later Sort Which organization provides assistance to mothers and children living in poverty? UNICEFWhich organization functions to provide clinics and surgeries in developing nations? NOT International Red Cross Using diplomacy as a way to end conflicts between nations is one of the functions of NOT the UN General Assembly. When an organization is described as having a humanitarian purpose, its goal is understood as promoting human welfare and social reform. Which supports the UN's purpose of promoting social progress and better standards of living? agencies such as UNICEF and WHOPreventing the outbreak of a new war is the purpose of the UN peacekeeping forces. Which group works to help get pardons for past offenses? Amnesty International Heifer International's function is to help reduce poverty by providing livestock to start small businesses. The legacy of the League of Nations was that it served as a model for the UN. To get information about helping to protect women from human trafficking, the best NGO to contact would be Amnesty International. The International Red Cross is now merged with the Red Crescent. What was the main purpose of one of the first world organizations, the League of Nations? to prevent another global war by resolving conflicts with diplomacy The main reason the League of Nations was unable to fulfill its purpose was that NOT the United States was not a member. The Shining Path was defined as a terrorist group by the Peruvian government because the group used cruelty to achieve political goals. One way that entities can cooperate with counterterrorism policies is by seizing the funds of terrorist organizations. Why did the United Nations have difficulty in drafting a definition of terrorism? NOT The terrorist label has been indiscriminately applied to many groups. Violence has declined in Northern Ireland because terrorist organizations agreed to negotiate. What is the primary role of the United States Bureau of Counterterrorism? to advance counterterrorism efforts in other countries Al Qaeda is identified as an international terrorist group because it attacks targets in many areas of the globe. From 1973 to 1990, Chile was an example of state-sponsored terrorism because General Pinochet allowed terrorists to murder thousands of citizens. What was the greatest community impact of the Oklahoma City bombing? Individuals experienced significant emotional pain years after the event. Which best defines counterterrorism? the use of political tactics to prevent terrorist attacks Domestic terrorism can occur when NOT an ethnic group rebels against terrorism. The terrorist groups in Italy and Peru both wanted to overthrow the existing government. Read the quotation from The Changing Faces of Terrorism. It is not too early to hazard the guess that, by engaging in crimes against humanity, the new face of terrorism may have contributed to its own eventual demise. In this statement, the author suggests that terrorism will end because the activities have alienated people. A major goal of terrorist organizations is to create fear. Which contributed to the spread of domestic terrorism? NOT improved methods for recruiting new members The main reason conflict has broken out in Northern Ireland is because of its NOT minority population. Which is a serious problem for South Sudan? NOT controlling the oil field Descendents of a group of former slaves live on their own island and speak their own language. Which choice best describes these people? a nation Ethnic unification occurs when an ethnic group NOT consists of multiple minorities. The Kurds' quest for ethnic _________ has created tension and conflict in Southwest Asia. unification Ethnicity is mostly based upon NOT pride. NOT equality Which region wants independence for Buddhists in a communist country? Tibet War erupted in Yugoslavia, because the country was a multinational state. The ethnic nationalist movement in which country is also a unification movement? NOT Tibet When was genocide officially labeled a crime? in 1948 as granted by the UN" ]

[ "It is a storage area network (SAN) protocol, allowing organizations to consolidate storage into data center storage arrays while providing hosts (such as database and web servers) with the illusion of locally attached disks.he iSCSI specification refers to a storage resource located on an iSCSI server (more generally, one of potentially many instances of iSCSI storage nodes running on that server) as a target. iSCSI target should not be confused with the term iSCSI as the latter is a protocol and not a storage server instance." ]

[ "The advantages of SAN include: 1 Storage Virtualization: Server capacity is no longer linked to single storage devices, as large and consolidated storage pools are now available for software applications. 2 High-Speed Disk Technologies: An example is FC, which offers data retrieval speeds that exceed 5 Gbps.", "San was an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet. Its shape was similar to modern M, or to a modern Greek Sigma turned sideways, and it was used as an alternative to Sigma to denote the sound." ]

[ "The peanut, or groundnut, is a species in the legume or bean family. The peanut was probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. The leaves are opposite, pinnate with four leaflets, each leaflet is 1 to 7 cm long and 1 to 3 cm broad." ]

[ "Hi Tam and welcome to the boards. What many people don't realize and I certainly didn't in the beginning, is that peanuts are not nuts. It is a legume. The peanut is in the same family as soybeans, chick peas, lima beans, peas, pinto beans and lentils.", "They are shaped to interlock when compressed and free flow when not compressed. They are roughly the size and shape of an unshelled peanut and commonly made of expanded polystyrene foam. Two to three inches (50–75 mm) of peanuts are typically used for cushioning and void filling packaging applications.hey are shaped to interlock when compressed and free flow when not compressed. They are roughly the size and shape of an unshelled peanut and commonly made of expanded polystyrene foam. Two to three inches (50–75 mm) of peanuts are typically used for cushioning and void filling packaging applications." ]

[ "children embrace" ]

[ "a older man and woman hug each other" ]

[ "Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are wide-spread among the general population with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe developmental disabilities in newborns and life-threatening illnesses in individuals with a compromised immune system. Nearly all current drugs suffer from one or more limitations, which emphasizes the critical need to develop new approaches and new molecules. We reasoned that a ‘poly-pharmacy’ approach relying on simultaneous binding to multiple receptors involved in HCMV entry into host cells could pave the way to a more effective therapeutic outcome. This work presents the study of a synthetic, small molecule displaying pleiotropicity of interactions as a competitive antagonist of viral or cell surface receptors including heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparan sulfate-binding proteins, which play important roles in HCMV entry and spread. Sulfated pentagalloylglucoside (SPGG), a functional mimetic of heparan sulfate, inhibits HCMV entry into human foreskin fibroblasts and neuroepithelioma cells with high potency. At the same time, SPGG exhibits no toxicity at levels as high as 50-fold more than its inhibition potency. Interestingly, cell-ELISA assays showed downregulation in HCMV immediate-early gene 1 and 2 (IE 1&2) expression in presence of SPGG further supporting inhibition of viral entry. Finally, HCMV foci were observed to decrease significantly in the presence of SPGG suggesting impact on viral spread too. Overall, this work offers the first evidence that pleiotropicity, such as demonstrated by SPGG, may offer a new poly-therapeutic approach toward effective inhibition of HCMV." ]

[ "Sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus, responsible for severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19). A large number of natural compounds are under trial for screening compounds, possessing potential inhibitory effect against the viral infection. Keeping in view the importance of marine compounds in antiviral activity, we investigated the potency of some marine natural products to target SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) (PDB ID 6MO3). The crystallographic structure of Mpro in an apo form was retrieved from Protein Data Bank and marine compounds from PubChem. These structures were prepared for docking and the complex with good docking score was subjected to molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for a period of 100 ns. To measure the stability, flexibility, and average distance between the target and compounds, root mean square deviations (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and the distance matrix were calculated. Among five marine compounds, C-1 (PubChem CID 11170714) exhibited good activity, interacting with the active site and surrounding residues, forming many hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. The C-1 also attained a stable dynamic behavior, and the average distance between compound and target remains constant. In conclusion, marine natural compounds may be used as a potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 for better management of COVID-19.[Figure: see text].", "SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) papain-like protease (PLpro) has been identified in TGF-β1 up-regulation in human promonocytes (Proteomics 2012, 12: 3193-205). This study investigates the mechanisms of SARS-CoV PLpro-induced TGF-β1 promoter activation in human lung epithelial cells and mouse models. SARS-CoV PLpro dose- and time-dependently up-regulates TGF-β1 and vimentin in A549 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assays with TGF-β1 promoter plasmids indicated that TGF-β1 promoter region between −175 to −60, the Egr-1 binding site, was responsible for TGF-β1 promoter activation induced by SARS-CoV PLpro. Subcellular localization analysis of transcription factors showed PLpro triggering nuclear translocation of Egr-1, but not NF-κB and Sp-1. Meanwhile, Egr-1 silencing by siRNA significantly reduced PLpro-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1, TSP-1 and pro-fibrotic genes. Furthermore, the inhibitors for ROS (YCG063), p38 MAPK (SB203580), and STAT3 (Stattic) revealed ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway involving in Egr-1 dependent activation of TGF-β1 promoter induced by PLpro. In a mouse model with a direct pulmonary injection, PLpro stimulated macrophage infiltration into lung, up-regulating Egr-1, TSP-1, TGF-β1 and vimentin expression in lung tissues. The results revealed that SARS-CoV PLpro significantly triggered Egr-1 dependent activation of TGF-β1 promoter via ROS/p38 MAPK/STAT3 pathway, correlating with up-regulation of pro-fibrotic responses in vitro and in vivo." ]

[ "The volatile compounds of Volvariella volvacea mushroom were investigated by solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE)/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), odor activity value (OAV), combined with aroma reconstitution and omission. The results showed that a total of 63 compounds were detected after SAFE extraction. A total of 26 compounds were determined after GC-O and 17 compounds whose OAV greater than 1 were subjected to reconstitution and omission experiments. The results showed that dihydro--ionone, 1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, -undecalactone, 3-octanol, 2-octanone, hexanal, 2-methylbutanal, camphene, carvone, 2-nonanone, and phenylacetaldehyde have been successfully identified as the key aroma compounds. More significantly, dihydro--ionone as a key aroma compound was first found in Volvariella volvacea mushroom." ]

[ "Very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), as categorized by the WHO, are an important subgroup of indoor pollutants and cover a wide spectrum of chemical substances. Some VVOCs are components of products commonly used indoors, some result from chemical reactions and some are reactive precursors of secondary products. Nevertheless, there is still no clear and internationally accepted definition of VVOCs. Current approaches are based on the boiling point, and the saturation vapor pressure or refer to analytical procedures. A significant problem is that many airborne VVOCs cannot be routinely analyzed by the usually applied technique of sampling on Tenax TA followed by thermal desorption GC/MS or by DNPH-sampling/HPLC/UV. Some VVOCs are therefore often neglected in indoor-related studies. However, VVOCs are of high significance for indoor air quality assessment and there is need for their broader consideration in measurement campaigns and material emission testing.", "Volvariella volvacea is an important crop in Southeast Asia, but erratic fruiting presents a serious challenge for its production and breeding. Efforts to explain inconsistent fruiting have been complicated by the multinucleate nature, typical lack of clamp connections, and an incompletely identified sexual reproductive system. In this study, we addressed the life cycle of V. volvacea using whole genome sequencing, cloning of MAT loci, karyotyping of spores, and fruiting assays. Microscopy analysis of spores had previously indicated the possible coexistence of heterothallic and homothallic life cycles. Our analysis of the MAT loci showed that only MAT-A, and not MAT-B, controlled heterokaryotization. Thus, the heterothallic life cycle was bipolar. Karyotyping of single spore isolates (SSIs) using molecular markers supported the existence of heterokaryotic spores. However, most SSIs were clearly not heterokaryotic, yet contained structural variation (SV) markers relating to both alleles of both parents. Heterokaryons from crossed, self-sterile homokaryons could produce fruiting bodies, agreeing with bipolar heterothallism. Meanwhile, some SSIs with two different MAT-A loci also produced fruiting bodies, which supported secondary homothallism. Next, SSIs that clearly contained only one MAT-A locus (homothallism) were also able to fruit, demonstrating that self-fertile SSIs were not, per definition, secondary homothallic, and that a third life cycle or genetic mechanism must exist. Finally, recombination between SV markers was normal, yet 10 out of 24 SV markers showed 1:2 or 1:3 distributions in the spores, and large numbers of SSIs contained doubled SV markers. This indicated selfish genes, and possibly partial aneuploidy." ]

[ "While My Guitar Gently Weeps \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album \"\"The Beatles\"\" (also known as \"\"the White Album\"\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed" ]

[ "one million copies in the United States. Spooner Oldham explained in an interview how the song came to be: \"\"Cry Like a Baby\"\" features an electric sitar, played by session guitarist Reggie Young. Author Peter Lavezzoli cites this part as an example of the widespread influence of Indian classical music on rock and pop music in the late 1960s, in the wake of the Beatles' popularisation of the sitar in songs such as \"\"Within You Without You\"\", from their 1967 album \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\". Oldham played keyboards on \"\"Cry Like a Baby\"\" in addition to co-writing it.", "November Rain\"\", Metallica’s \"\"Fade to Black\"\", Led Zeppelin’s \"\"Black Dog\"\", Journey's \"\"Who's Crying Now\"\", The Cult's \"\"Love Removal Machine\"\", The Beatles’ \"\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\"\", .38 Special's \"\"Hold On Loosely\"\", The Rolling Stones’ \"\"Sway\"\", Pearl Jam’s \"\"Alive\"\", Red Hot Chili Peppers’ \"\"Dani California\"\", Cream’s \"\"White Room\"\", AC/DC’s \"\"Let There Be Rock\"\", Outlaws’ \"\"Green Grass and High Tides\"\", The Alan Parsons Project’s \"\"Eye in the Sky\"\" and Eagles’ \"\"Hotel California\"\". Solos can take place in the intro, such as \"\"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)\"\" by Jimi Hendrix, \"\"Since I've Been Loving You\"\" by Led Zeppelin, \"\"One\"\" by Metallica, \"\"Lazy\"\" by Deep" ]

[ "--. The U.S. General Services Administration left unchanged standard lodging and meal per diem rates for fiscal 2015, which begins Oct. 1.Those daily allowances are $83 for lodging rates and, depending on tier, $46 to $71 for meals and incidental expenses.GSA also lists per diems for hundreds of nonstandard areas, which are higher than the standard rates.-. The U.S. General Services Administration left unchanged standard lodging and meal per diem rates for fiscal 2015, which begins Oct. 1." ]

[ "The standard CONUS lodging rate will increase for FY 2016 to $89. The standard meals and incidental expense (M&IE) rate will be $51. The total rate will be $140.The M&IE and incidental expense tiers for NSAs for FY 2016 will range from $54-$74.he CONUS per diem rate for an area is actually three allowances: the lodging allowance, the meals allowance and the incidental expense allowance.", "The amount of the $259 high rate and $172 low rate that is treated as paid for meals is $65 for travel to any high-cost locality and $52 for travel to any other locality within the continental United States. Notice 2014-57 also lists the high-cost localities that have a federal per diem rate of $216 or more.he amount of the $259 high rate and $172 low rate that is treated as paid for meals is $65 for travel to any high-cost locality and $52 for travel to any other locality within the continental United States. Notice 2014-57 also lists the high-cost localities that have a federal per diem rate of $216 or more." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Biofilm formation on voice prostheses in laryngectomized patients usually limits the lifetime of the device. The purpose of this study was to compare the biofilm resistance of different valve flaps of modern voice prostheses in an in vitro simulation of an oropharyngeal biofilm.METHODS: Growth of biofilm deposits on valve flaps (n = 12) removed from Provox 2, Provox Vega, Provox ActiValve, Blom Singer Advantage, and Phonax voice prostheses was evaluated and compared to medical-grade silicone (n = 12) in an in vitro biofilm model (22 days) after incubation with a multispecies bacterial-fungal biofilm composition.RESULTS: The Provox ActiValve and the Blom Singer Advantage prostheses showed significantly less surface biofilm formation than the other prostheses and then silicone.CONCLUSION: The use of silver oxide and Teflon as valve flap materials proves to reduce long-term biofilm formation in vitro. The applied model allows rapid screening for novel biofilm-inhibitive materials and durable coatings designated for more biofilm resistant medical devices." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: To describe the early biofilm formation over whole dental implants with its micro- and macrostructure, using an in vitro multispecies biofilm model.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six bacterial strains (Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) were used to develop in vitro biofilms over whole titanium implants (growth times 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120hr). The morphology of biofilms was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the bacterial dynamics through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As primary outcome variable, numbers of each species [colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml)] at different incubation times were compared using the one-way analysis of variance and post hoc testing with Bonferroni's correction. Furthermore, implants were fixed in methacrylate stents to reproduce the clinical situation and biofilms were developed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS: Bacteria colonized implants in a short period of time. Biofilms reached a mature state at 96hr, exhibiting different ratios of live/dead cells depending on their location, being the peaks of the threads the areas harboring more live bacteria. The densities of each bacteria fluctuated in time, reaching its maximum at 96hr. Even though the coefficients of variation were high, percentages were similar to those published previously using implant surface specimens, rather than whole implants.CONCLUSION: Dental implants can be colonized by different bacterial species, developing into a mature and well-structured biofilm, which depending on the location may exhibit different degree of bacterial vitality.", "Modular megaprostheses are known for high infection rates followed by high rates of revisions. Microbial biofilms growing adherently on prosthetic surfaces may inhibit the detection of the pathogens causing prosthetic joint infections. We sought to answer the following questions: Does sonication culture (SC) improve the microbiological diagnosis of periprosthetic infections of megaprostheses compared to conventional tissue culture (TC)? Which pathogens were detected on the surface of megaprostheses with either SC or TC and do the findings help to identify low-grade infections? Included were 31 patients with modular megaprostheses, whose implant had been explanted due to suspected joint infection or revision surgery. SCs were performed according to the protocol by Trampuz et al. The diagnosis of infection was evaluated according to the definition of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. The sensitivity of SC was 91.3% compared to 52.2% for TC and the specificity was 100% for SC and TC (p = 0.004). Under preoperative antibiotic therapy, the sensitivity of SC was 83.3% while the sensitivity of TC was 50%. Without preoperative antibiotic therapy the sensitivity of SC was 100% compared to 54.5% for TC. In nine cases, SCs detected microorganisms, while TC was negative. Detected bacteria were Staphylococcus epidermidis in four, Micrococcus species in one, Finegoldia magna in one, Brevibacterium casei in one, Pseudomonas fluorescens in one, and Enterococcus faecium in one. SC is a reliable method for dislodging pathogens from orthopedic implants. The SC of modular megaprostheses showed significantly higher pathogen detection than the periprosthetic TC, especially for low virulence pathogens. 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1383-1387, 2017." ]

[ "*It's been several years since I've worked with similar equations. The following reply is based on memory, and if anyone has a firmer grasp of the materials, please modify or answer as you see fit.\n\nI would assume λ is under ideal conditions or as an average of whatever species you're working with. Your modified lifetime reproductive output still leaves out many variables which can affect λ. By your own words it leaves out mutations and daughter cells that are dead-on-arrival. There could also be predation or conditions where the Mother-cell produces more than one Daughter-cell, resulting in R = 3 instead of 2 and your subsequent λ also being 3. UCLA Bioengineers have actually observed up to 5 daughter cells in cancer lines.\n\nI'm not sure what you mean by \"... or it depends on the natural situation?\", but ultimately reality is always more complicated than basic equations usually describe. Either B or D can increase or decrease, depending on the species, environment, and how you define t.\n\nYour equation still produces a population increase, just at a slower rate than your ideal conditions. If you're asking if there's a specific definition for \"λ\" referenced in your equation, I'm not aware of any specific definition for \"λ\" - it's not a Constant.\n\nYour title question - does the rate of increase depend on mortality - is ultimately \"Yes.\" If mortality is higher than the birth rate, then you will see a decrease of the population until extinction is reached if there isn't an equilibrium or rebound.\n\nHowever, most populations change at an Exponential rate - NOT Geometric. To that end, you might be interested in the r/K Selection Theory and how they operate within Exponential equations (which are similar to your Geometric equations). In short, r-Selection is the reproductive strategy of producing extraordinary amounts of offspring with a very, very low survival rate. However, because so many are produced you only need a small overall percentage of survival to maintain or increase populations. The tapeworm I mentioned above is one of the stereotypical examples. K-Selection represents species that invest additional resources into raising a few offspring, usually just a handful that are carefully watched over and raised by the parent(s) until they are capable of reproducing themselves. Humans, elephants, most birds, and larger animals in general are K-selected.\n\nFor r-Selection your B and D will both be very high, and for K-Selection both B and D will be low. However, both will result in a positive λ simply because it's all about the ratios." ]

[ "The theoretical article concerns growth rates of single cells. There are many studies that model cell cycle as a non-linear oscillator (see Tyson and Novák, 2015). \n\nHowever, growth rate measurements in microbiology are usually done on cell populations consisting several cells. You generally do not observe any oscillation because:\n\n\nCells are not synchronized\nThere can be variations in growth rate of different cells because of noise\nThe measurement time points are much larger than the period of oscillation\n\n\nSome of these reasons are already mentioned in the paper you linked (Jafarpour, 2019).\n\nI do see some ups and downs in the growth rate in my own data; E. coli growing in LB in a 96 well plate.\n\n\n\nX-axis is the time in seconds; measurement was made every 15minutes. Y-axis denotes difference in OD between two consecutive measurements. The different colors are biological replicates. However, I cannot say that this is the kind of oscillation that Jafarpour talks about. It appears more like stochastic fluctuations in growth rate or measurement errors (they are also not damping by the end of growth).", "I will use an ever so slightly more specific scenario than what your book offers.\n\n\n\nAt the beginning of 2017, there were twenty lotus plants in a pond. By the first day of 2018, eight of those twenty lotus plants reproduced. Using this information, we now want to describe the birth rate of lotus plant population. \n\nTo do this, we need the number of plants that produced offspring, and, the population size at the beginning of 2017.\n\n$$\\frac{no. \\ of \\ parent \\ lotus \\ plants}{initial \\ population \\ size} = \\frac{8}{20} = .4$$\n\nThis means that, when considering the twenty lotus plants that first existed at the beginning of 2017, each of those twenty plants contributed an average of 4/10s of a lotus plant offspring for that year. \n\nTo generalize this, we say, \"a birth rate of .4 offspring per lotus plant per year.\" \n\nThe same method and persective can also be applied to the fruitflies, however, they're considering death rate." ]

[ " You are missing the full sentence.\n\n\"No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.\"\n\nIt's a complicated sentence, but says you are disqualified if...\n\n1) you aren't 30 years or older\n2) you haven't been a citizen for at least 9 years or\n3) you aren't a resident of the electing states.\n\nOtherwise you are fine.\n\nThis, my friends, is why teachers tell us to avoid double negatives.", " Here's the full text of that bit:\n\n > No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.\n\nIt's confusing because it's using multiple negatives. No person can be a senator if they (1) haven't attained the age of thirty years, (2) haven't been a citizen of the United States for nine years, and (3) don't live in the state for which they were chosen.\n\nOr, in simpler language, in order to be a senator, a person must:\n\n* Be at least 30 years old,\n* Have been an American citizen for at least 9 years, and,\n* Live in the state that they represent." ]

[ " The Constitution actually doesn't clarify what \"Natural-Born\" means. It has come to a general consensus though that this means they dont have to become naturalized, or learn American culture before any other. Of course you have to be a legal citizen and have lived in the USA for over 14 years etc. \n\nIronically even if Obama wasn't born in the USA (which he definitely was born in Hawaii) he could still run for president since he has never had citizenship anywhere else besides the USA and was raised in Hawaii", " One of the requirements to be a US President is that you are a \"natural-born citizen\", not that you were born in the US - this is not clearly defined by the Constitution but is generally taken to mean that you were a citizen at birth. \n\nThe Naturalization Act of 1790 specifically states:\n\n > the children of citizens of the United States, that may be born beyond sea, or out of the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural born citizens\n\nThus, since Ted Cruz is the son of an American citizen (his mother) born out of the limits of the United States, he is a natural born citizen. This actually applied to John McCain as well, who was born in Panama before the Panama Canal Zone was defined as American territory." ]

[ "The Godfather (novel) The Godfather is a crime novel written by American author Mario Puzo. Originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnam's Sons, the novel details the story of a fictional Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, New York), headed by Vito Corleone. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the back story of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood. The book is noteworthy for introducing Italian words like \"\"consigliere\"\", \"\"caporegime\"\", \"\"Cosa Nostra\"\", and \"\"omertà\"\" to an English-speaking audience. It inspired a 1972 film of the same name. Two film" ]

[ "fourth film was in the works with García in the lead role. García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced. After Puzo's death, Coppola decided to not continue the film series. Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Ed Falco and released in 2012 as \"\"The Family Corleone\"\". The estate of Puzo had sought to keep Paramount Pictures from producing a feature film based on the novel. This has been resolved, with Paramount gaining the rights to make more \"\"Godfather\"\" films. The fourth", "found Puzo's novel sleazy and sensationalist, describing it as \"\"pretty cheap stuff\"\". At the time Coppola's studio, American Zoetrope, owed over $400,000 to Warner Bros. for budget overruns with the film \"\"THX 1138\"\" and when coupled with his poor financial standing, along with advice from friends and family, Coppola reversed his initial decision and took the job. Coppola was officially announced as director of the film on September 28, 1970. Paramount had offered twelve other directors the job with \"\"The Godfather\"\" before Coppola agreed. Coppola agreed to receive $125,000 and six percent of the gross rentals. Before \"\"The Godfather\"\" was" ]

[ "Myself as well, you are roughing it." ]

[ "You are taking it easy." ]

[ "Italian Design Watches. Inspired by Italy’s fashion-forward culture and rich history, Italian design watches are shaping the present and future of the watch industry. Many Italian design watches are Swiss made and combine top design with first-rate technology.", "Quartz watches are analog timepieces that run on a tiny, vibrating, electrified quartz crystal. They keep extremely accurate time (within a minute each year). Mechanical watches are powered by a complex array of gears and springs. These watches can command a hefty price as a result of their superior craftsmanship. Unfortunately, the ancient art of hand-wound watchmaking remains imperfect. Mechanical watches lose about an hour a year and must be wound regularly." ]

[ "Looking for Scuderia Ferrari watches? Choose a watch that is durable and easy to match with stainless steel watch straps and black or gold color options. Keep track of date and time with a chronograph watch. Put a hint of the racecar in your accessories with a checkered watch face, similar to the checkered flags of the racetrack.", "“Plus you don’t need to worry about any battery replacements, which are always an inconvenience.”. VOID V03M black/black — Japanese mechanical movement. A great example of this in practice is VOID’s V03M — the first foray into the mechanical watch market by Hong Kong-based designer David Ericsson. MOVING ABROAD. There are two countries whose expertise and skill in designing both quartz and mechanical movements attract the most plaudits: Japan and Switzerland." ]

[ "Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda, calcium acid phosphate, and starch. It is used as a leavening. Baking flour is ground wheat and covers all flours used for baking, including cake flour, pastry flour, all-purpose flour, and self-rising flour. So yes, there is a very big difference." ]

[ "Though sometimes referred to as all-purpose flour by Indian chefs, it more closely resembles cake flour or even pure starch. In India, maida flour is used to make pastries and other bakery items such as bread, biscuits and toast.", "Self Raising flour and yeast are completely different. Self raising flour is normal flour mixed with baking powder and salt. Yeast is a living organism used as a rising agent in the making of bread. Don’t use self raising flour to make bread.elf Raising flour and yeast are completely different. Self raising flour is normal flour mixed with baking powder and salt. Yeast is a living organism used as a rising agent in the making of bread. Don’t use self raising flour to make bread." ]

[ "English Meaning: The name Bryant is an English baby name. In English the meaning of the name Bryant is: Popular. French Meaning: The name Bryant is a French baby name.In French the meaning of the name Bryant is: He ascends.he name Bryant is a Celtic baby name. In Celtic the meaning of the name Bryant is: Strong. American Meaning: The name Bryant is an American baby name." ]

[ "Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Kobe and its name origin or of any other name in our database. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Kobe and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds.ronunciation: (KO bee). Form of: Itself (Kobe). The meaning of the name “Kobe” is: “A Japanese city”. .adslot_1 { width: 336px; height: 280px; } @media (max-width:350px) { .adslot_1 { width: 300px; height: 250px; } }.", "Facebook Twitter Google+ Email. Kobe Bryant's catchy name and flashy basketball moves inspired thousands of little namesakes when he was winning championships with the Lakers. For what it's worth, Bryant's parents reportedly chose the name from a dinner menu: Kobe is a top-quality Japanese beef.The spelling Coby is occasionally heard as a nickname for Jacob. From The Baby Name Wizard by Laura Wattenberg.or what it's worth, Bryant's parents reportedly chose the name from a dinner menu: Kobe is a top-quality Japanese beef. The spelling Coby is occasionally heard as a nickname for Jacob." ]

[ "We found that nine miRNAs were upregulated and seven were downregulated by progestin in mammary tumor cells. miR-16, whose function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia has already been shown, was identified as one of the downregulated miRNAs in murine and human breast cancer cells. Progestin induced a decrease in miR-16 levels via the classical PR and through a hierarchical interplay between Stat3 and the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc. A search for miR-16 targets showed that the CCNE1 gene, encoding the cell cycle regulator cyclin E, contains conserved putative miR-16 target sites in its mRNA 3' UTR region. We found that, similar to the molecular mechanism underlying progestin-modulated miR-16 expression, Stat3 and c-Myc participated in the induction of cyclin E expression by progestin. Moreover, overexpression of miR-16 abrogated the ability of progestin to induce cyclin E upregulation, revealing that cyclin E is a novel target of miR-16 in breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-16 also inhibited progestin-induced breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating for the first time, a role for miR-16 as a tumor suppressor in mammary tumorigenesis. We also found that the ErbB ligand heregulin (HRG) downregulated the expression of miR-16, which then participates in the proliferative activity of HRG in breast tumor cells" ]

[ "Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in cell proliferation and cell migration by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is downregulated by microRNAs in multiple cancers. However, few microRNAs have been reported to directly target PTEN in TNBC. In this study, microRNAs predicted to target PTEN were screened by immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assays. Expression levels of microRNA-498 (miR-498) were measured by TaqMan microRNA assays. We performed clonogenic, cell cycle and scratch wound assays to examine the oncogenic role of miR-498. We demonstrated that miR-498 directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of PTEN mRNA and reduced PTEN protein levels in TNBC cells. Compared with the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, TNBC cell lines overexpressed miR-498. Moreover, miR-498 promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in TNBC cells in a PTEN-dependent manner. Suppressing miR-498 overexpression impaired the oncogenic effects of miR-498 on cell proliferation and cell migration. This study identified a novel microRNA (miR-498) overexpressed in TNBC cells and its oncogenic role in suppressing PTEN. These results provide new insight into the downregulation of PTEN and indicate a potential therapeutic target for treating TNBC.", "The sprouting of endothelial cells is the first step of tumor angiogenesis. Our previous study suggests that miR-153 suppresses breast tumor angiogenesis partially through targeting hypoxia-induced factor (HIF1á). In this study, we demonstrated that miR-153 also suppresses the migration and the tube formation of endothelial cells through directly targeting angiopoietin 1 (ANG1) in breast cancer cells. There was a negative correlation between miR-153 and ANG1 levels in breast cancer. miR-153 blocked the expression and secretion of ANG1 in breast cancer cells through binding to ANG1 mRNA. Conditioned medium from the breast cancer cell, MCF7, treated with miR-153 had no effect on the proliferation of HUVECs, but significantly inhibited the migration and tube formation of HUVECs, which could be rescued by overexpression of ANG1. In addition, miR-153 also directly inhibited the proliferation and migration of MCF7 through downregulation of ANG1. These findings suggest that miR-153 suppresses the activity of tumor cells and the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells by silencing ANG1." ]

[ "The Doppler effect is the apparent shift in wave frequency due to the movement of a wave source. The apparent frequency shifts upward when the wave source is approaching and downward when the wave source is retreating. The Doppler effect explains why we perceive a change in pitch of the sound of a passing siren." ]

[ "Motion of the light source causes the spectral lines to shift positions. An object's motion causes a wavelength shift =. There is a lot of information stored in that little formula! First, it says that the faster the object moves, the greater the doppler shift.", "where c is the speed of light (and all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum). But in this case there are two shifts: one because the wave incident on the moving car is Doppler shifted and an additional shift because the reflection is from a moving object." ]

[ "A major epidemiological finding emerging from studies using U.S. samples is that racial differences in experiences of discrimination are associated with racial differences in health. A newer area of research is exploring the population-level dynamics between race, discrimination, and health status in various societies. The objective of this study is to assess for the first time in a national sample from Canada: (a) racial differences in experiences of discrimination and, (b) the association between discrimination and chronic conditions and their major risk factors. Data were obtained from the 2013 Canadian Community Health Survey (n=16,836). Race was categorized as Aboriginal, Asian, Black, or White. Discrimination was measured using the Williams Everyday Discrimination Scale. Outcomes included having any chronic condition or major risk factors (obesity, hypertension, smoking, binge drinking, infrequent physical activity, and poor self-rated health). Crude and adjusted (for age, sex, immigrant status, socioeconomics) logistic regressions modeled the association between (a) race and discrimination and, (b) discrimination and each outcome. Results indicated that Blacks were most likely to experience discrimination, followed by Aboriginals. For example, Blacks were almost twice as likely (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.19-3.11), and Aboriginals 75 percent more likely (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.37-2.22) to report being treated with less courtesy or respect than others. Blacks were more than four times as likely (OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 2.23-8.19), and Aboriginals more than twice as likely (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.66-3.08) to report being feared by others. Asians were not statistically different from Whites. With two exceptions (binge drinking and physical activity), discrimination was associated with chronic conditions and their risk factors (OR for any chronic condition: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.52-2.08). Initial results suggest that in Canada, experience of discrimination is a determinant of chronic disease and chronic disease risk factors, and Blacks and Aboriginals are far more exposed to experiences of discrimination." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: African American (AA) emerging adults may become more vulnerable to the consequences of racial discrimination (discrimination) as many begin to occupy racially mixed contexts. Little is known, however, about whether the effect of discrimination on cortisol concentration varies by neighborhood racial composition. We evaluated whether the percentage of White neighbors qualified the association between discrimination and overall cortisol concentration.METHOD: We used self-report data from the Flint Adolescent Study and block-level census data linked to the participant's home address. Our sample consisted of 241 AA emerging adults (56.8% Female; 19-22 year olds). We used multilevel regression analyses to evaluate whether the percentage of White neighbors modified the association between discrimination and overall cortisol concentration.RESULTS: Discrimination experienced in the past year, but not chronic discrimination was linked to lower cortisol concentrations among AA emerging adults living in neighborhoods with a high concentration of White neighbors. Specifically, past year discrimination was negatively associated among AAs residing in neighborhoods with 46.9% of White residents or higher.CONCLUSIONS: Our results lay the foundation for future research on racial health disparities by suggesting that contextual factors such as neighborhood racial composition can shape the influence race-based discrimination has on health. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).", "Workplace discrimination has grown more ambiguous, with interracial interactions often perceived differently by different people. The present study adds to the literature by examining a key individual difference variable in the perception of discrimination at work, namely individual color-blind attitudes. We examined relationships between 3 dimensions of color-blind attitudes (Racial Privilege, Institutional Discrimination, and Blatant Racial Issues) and perceptions of racial microaggressions in the workplace as enacted by a White supervisor toward a Black employee (i.e., discriminatory actions ranging from subtle to overt). Findings showed that observer views on institutional discrimination fully mediated, and blatant racial issues partially mediated, the relationships between racial group membership and the perception of workplace microaggressions. Non-Hispanic Whites endorsed color blindness as institutional discrimination and blatant racial issues significantly more than members of racioethnic minority groups, and higher levels of color-blind worldviews were associated with lower likelihoods of perceiving microaggressions. Views on racial privilege did not differ significantly between members of different racial groups or affect microaggression perceptions. Implications for organizations concerned about promoting more inclusive workplaces are discussed." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Host selection is an important determinant of vectorial capacity because malaria transmission increases when mosquitoes feed more on humans than non-humans. Host selection also affects the outcome of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). Despite the recent nationwide implementation of LLIN-based malaria control program in Papua New Guinea (PNG), little is known about the host selection of the local Anopheles vectors. This study investigated the host selection of Anopheles vectors in PNG.METHODS: Blood-engorged mosquitoes were sampled using the barrier screen method and blood meals analyzed for vertebrate host source with PCR-amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Abundance of common hosts was estimated in surveys. The test of homogeneity of proportions and the Manly resource selection ratio were used to determine if hosts were selected in proportion to their abundance.RESULTS: Two thousand four hundred and forty blood fed Anopheles females of seven species were sampled from five villages in Madang, PNG. Of 2,142 samples tested, 2,061 (96.2%) yielded a definitive host source; all were human, pig, or dog. Hosts were not selected in proportion to their abundance, but rather were under-selected or over-selected by the mosquitoes. Four species, Anopheles farauti (sensu stricto) (s.s.), Anopheles punctulatus (s.s.), Anopheles farauti no. 4 and Anopheles longirostris, over-selected humans in villages with low LLIN usage, but over-selected pigs in villages with high LLIN usage. Anopheles koliensis consistently over-selected humans despite high LLIN usage, and Anopheles bancroftii over-selected pigs.CONCLUSIONS: The plasticity of host selection of an Anopheles species depends on its opportunistic, anthropophilic or zoophilic behavior, and on the extent of host availability and LLIN usage where the mosquitoes forage for hosts. The high anthropophily of An. koliensis increases the likelihood of contacting the LLIN inside houses. This allows its population size to be reduced to levels insufficient to support transmission. In contrast, by feeding on alternative hosts the likelihood of the opportunistic species to contact LLIN is lower, making them difficult to control. By maintaining high population size, the proportion that feed on humans outdoors can sustain residual transmission despite high LLIN usage in the village." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Anopheles mosquitoes are efficient vectors of human malaria, but it is unknown why they do not transmit viruses as well as Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. The only arbovirus known to be consistently transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes is O'nyong nyong virus (ONNV, genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae). The interaction of Anopheles mosquitoes with RNA viruses has been relatively unexamined.RESULTS: We transcriptionally profiled the African malaria vector, Anopheles coluzzii, infected with ONNV. Mosquitoes were fed on an infectious bloodmeal and were analyzed by Illumina RNAseq at 3days post-bloodmeal during the primary virus infection of the midgut epithelium, before systemic dissemination. Virus infection triggers transcriptional regulation of just 30 host candidate genes. Most of the regulated candidate genes are novel, without known function. Of the known genes, a significant cluster includes candidates with predicted involvement in carbohydrate metabolism. Two candidate genes encoding leucine-rich repeat immune (LRIM) factors point to possible involvement of immune protein complexes in the mosquito antiviral response. The primary ONNV infection by bloodmeal shares little transcriptional response in common with ONNV infection by intrathoracic injection, nor with midgut infection by the malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum or P. berghei. Profiling of A. coluzzii microRNA (miRNA) identified 118 known miRNAs and 182 potential novel miRNA candidates, with just one miRNA regulated by ONNV infection. This miRNA was not regulated by other previously reported treatments, and may be virus specific. Coexpression analysis of miRNA abundance and messenger RNA expression revealed discrete clusters of genes regulated by Imd and JAK/STAT, immune signaling pathways that are protective against ONNV in the primary infection.CONCLUSIONS: ONNV infection of the A. coluzzii midgut triggers a remarkably limited gene regulation program of mostly novel candidate genes, which likely includes host genes deployed for antiviral defense, as well as genes manipulated by the virus to facilitate infection. Functional dissection of the ONNV-response candidate genes is expected to generate novel insight into the mechanisms of virus-vector interaction.", "BACKGROUND: Members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex are primary vectors of human malaria in Africa. It is known that a large haplotype shared between An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii by introgression carries point mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene para, including the L1014F kdr mutation associated with insensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. Carriage of L1014F kdr is also correlated with higher susceptibility to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. However, the genetic mechanism and causative gene(s) underlying the parasite susceptibility phenotype are not known.METHODS: Mosquitoes from the wild Burkina Faso population were challenged by feeding on natural P. falciparum gametocytes. Oocyst infection phenotypes were determined and were tested for association with SNP genotypes. Candidate genes in the detected locus were prioritized and RNAi-mediated gene silencing was used to functionally test for gene effects on P. falciparum susceptibility.RESULTS: A genetic locus, Pfin6, was identified that influences infection levels of P. falciparum in mosquitoes. The locus segregates as a ~3 Mb haplotype carrying 65 predicted genes including the para gene. The haplotype carrying the kdr allele of para is linked to increased parasite infection prevalence, but many single nucleotide polymorphisms on the haplotype are also equally linked to the infection phenotype. Candidate genes in the haplotype were prioritized and functionally tested. Silencing of para did not influence P. falciparum infection, while silencing of a predicted immune gene, serine protease ClipC9, allowed development of significantly increased parasite numbers.CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation influencing Plasmodium infection in wild Anopheles is linked to a natural ~3 megabase haplotype on chromosome 2L that carries the kdr allele of the para gene. Evidence suggests that para gene function does not directly influence parasite susceptibility, and the association of kdr with infection may be due to tight linkage of kdr with other gene(s) on the haplotype. Further work will be required to determine if ClipC9 influences the outcome of P. falciparum infection in nature, as well as to confirm the absence of a direct influence by para." ]

[ "PURPOSE: The extent that state-mandated informed consent scripts affect women's knowledge about abortion is unknown. We examine women's endorsement of common abortion myths before and after receiving state-mandated information that included accurate and inaccurate statements about abortion.METHODS: In Utah, women presenting for an abortion information visit completed baseline surveys (n=494) and follow-up interviews 3 weeks later (n=309). Women answered five items about abortion risks, indicating which of two statements was closer to the truth (as established by prior research) or responding \"don't know.\" We developed a continuous myth endorsement scale (range, 0-1) and, using multivariable regression models, examined predictors of myth endorsement at baseline and change in myth endorsement from baseline to follow-up.RESULTS: At baseline, many women reported not knowing about abortion risks (range, 36%-70% across myths). Women who were younger, non-White, and had previously given birth but not had a prior abortion reported higher myth endorsement at baseline. Overall, myth endorsement decreased after the information visit (0.37-0.31; p<.001). However, endorsement of the myth that was included in the state script-describing inaccurate risks of depression and anxiety-increased at follow-up (0.47-0.52; p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Lack of knowledge about the effects of abortion is common. Knowledge of information that was accurately presented or not referenced in state-mandated scripts increased. In contrast, inaccurate information was associated with decreases in women's knowledge about abortion, violating accepted principles of informed consent. State policies that require or result in the provision of inaccurate information should be reconsidered." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To identify and understand women's lived experiences of contraceptive counselling given at the same time as abortion counselling.METHODS: We interviewed 13 women aged 20-39 who had experienced an abortion and the related counselling. The women were recruited from five hospitals in Sweden. Interviews were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.RESULTS: We identified two themes: need for respectful counselling and needs for guidance and access to contraceptives. The essence \"Being in a state of limbo and feeling sceptical\" was coalesced from the themes. The women described a state of limbo, as being caught in an unwanted and emotionally charged situation. They reported that respectful counselling and meeting a skilled health professional helped to dispel their scepticism and influenced their plans for contraceptive use post abortion. Furthermore, women who wanted an intrauterine device described difficulties in access post abortion.CONCLUSION: The women seem to have a limited receptivity to contraceptive counselling when they have an unwanted pregnancy and are sceptical about contraceptives. Women, who experience respect in the counselling, report being helped in contraceptive decision-making. To receive respectful counselling and to have good access to intrauterine devices emerged as central needs among women at the time of an abortion.", "In Burkina Faso, abortion is legally restricted and socially stigmatised, but also frequent. Unsafe abortions represent a significant public health challenge, contributing to the country's very high maternal mortality ratio. Inspired by an internationally disseminated public health framing of unsafe abortion, the country's main policy response has been to provide post-abortion care (PAC) to avert deaths from abortion complications. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article describes how Burkina Faso's PAC policy emerged at the interface of political and moral negotiations between public health professionals, national bureaucrats and international agencies and NGOs. Burkinab? decision-makers and doctors, who are often hostile to induced abortion, have been convinced that PAC is 'life-saving care' which should be delivered for ethical medical reasons. Moreover, by supporting PAC they not only demonstrate compliance with international standards but also, importantly, do not have to contend with any change in abortion legislation, which they oppose. Rights-based international NGOs, in turn, tactically focus on PAC as a 'first step' towards their broader institutional objective to secure safe abortion and abortion rights. Such negotiations between national and international actors result in widespread support for PAC but stifled debate about further legalisation of abortion." ]

[ "Patients receiving cytokine immunotherapy with IFN- frequently present with neuropsychiatric consequences and cognitive impairments, including a profound depressive-like symptomatology. While the neurobiological substrates of the dysfunction that leads to adverse events in IFN--treated patients remains ill-defined, dysfunctions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are strong possibilities. To date, hippocampal deficits have been well-characterised; there does however remain a lack of insight into the nature of prefrontal participation. Here, we used a PFC-supported temporal order memory paradigm to examine if IFN- treatment induced deficits in performance; additionally, we used an object recognition task to assess the integrity of the perirhinal cortex (PRH). Finally, the utility of exercise as an ameliorative strategy to recover temporal order deficits in rats was also explored. We found that IFN--treatment impaired temporal order memory discriminations, whereas recognition memory remained intact, reflecting a possible dissociation between recognition and temporal order memory processing. Further characterisation of temporal order memory impairments using a longitudinal design revealed that deficits persisted for 10 weeks following cessation of IFN--treatment. Finally, a 6 week forced exercise regime reversed IFN--induced deficits in temporal order memory. These data provide further insight into the circuitry involved in cognitive impairments arising from IFN--treatment. Here we suggest that PFC (or the hippocampo-prefrontal pathway) may be compromised whilst the function of the PRH is preserved. Deficits may persist after cessation of IFN--treatment which suggests that extended patient monitoring is required. Aerobic exercise may be restorative and could prove beneficial for patients treated with IFN-." ]

[ "Functional connectivity changes in the attention network are viewed as a physiological signature of visual spatial neglect (VSN). The left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) is known to initiate and monitor top-down attentional control and dynamically adjust behavioral performance. This study aimed to investigate whether increasing the activity of the LDLPFC through intermittent burst stimulation (iTBS) could modulate the resting-state functional connectivity in the attention network and facilitate recovery from VSN. Patients with right hemisphere stroke and VSN were randomly assigned to two groups matched for clinical characteristics and given a 10-day treatment. On each day, all patients underwent visual scanning training and motor function training and received iTBS over the LDLPFC either at 80% resting motor threshold (RMT) or at 40% RMT before the trainings. MRI, the line bisection test, and the star cancelation test were performed before and after treatment. Patients who received iTBS at 80% RMT showed a large-scale reduction in the resting-state functional connectivity extent, largely in the right attention network, and more significant improvement of behavioral performance compared with patients who received iTBS at 40% RMT. These results support that the LDLPFC potentially plays a key role in the modulation of attention networks in neglect. Increasing the activity of the LDPLPFC through iTBS can facilitate recovery from VSN in patients with stroke.", "BACKGROUND: Potent combined antiretroviral therapy decreased the incidence and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND); however, no specific effective pharmacotherapy exists for HAND. Patients with HIV commonly have deficits in working memory and attention, which may negatively impact many other cognitive domains, leading to HAND. Since HAND may lead to loss of independence in activities of daily living and negative emotional well-being, and incur a high economic burden, effective treatments for HAND are urgently needed. This study aims to determine whether adaptive working memory training might improve cognitive functions and neural network efficiency and possibly decrease neuroinflammation. This study also aims to assess whether subjects with the LMX1A-rs4657412 TT(AA) genotype show greater training effects from working memory training than TC(AG) or CC(GG)-carriers.METHODS/DESIGN: 60 HIV-infected and 60 seronegative control participants will be randomized to a double-blind active-controlled study, using adaptive versus non-adaptive Cogmed Working Memory Training (CWMT), 20-25 sessions over 5-8 weeks. Each subject will be assessed with near- and far-transfer cognitive tasks, self-reported mood and executive function questionnaires, and blood-oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI during working memory (n-back) and visual attention (ball tracking) tasks, at baseline, 1-month, and 6-months after CWMT. Furthermore, genotyping for LMX1A-rs4657412 will be performed to identify whether subjects with the TT(AA)-genotype show greater gain or neural efficiency after CWMT than those with other genotypes. Lastly, cerebrospinal fluid will be obtained before and after CWMT to explore changes in levels of inflammatory proteins (cytokines and chemokines) and monoamines.DISCUSSION: Improving working memory in HIV patients, using CWMT, might slow the progression or delay the onset of HAND. Observation of decreased brain activation or normalized neural networks, using fMRI, after CWMT would lead to a better understanding of how neural networks are modulated by CWMT. Moreover, validating the greater training gain in subjects with the LMX1A-TT(AA) genotype could lead to a personalized approach for future working memory training studies. Demonstrating and understanding the neural correlates of the efficacy of CWMT in HIV patients could lead to a safe adjunctive therapy for HAND, and possibly other brain disorders.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT02602418." ]

[ "Autophagy protects cells from intracellular pathogens, but can be exploited by some infectious agents to their benefit. Currently it is not known if bacteria induce autohpagy in cells of the cornea. The goal of this study was to develop an ocular surface autophagy reporter cell line and determine whether ocular bacterial pathogens influence host responses through autophagy induction. The cell line was made using lentivirus transduction of an LC3-GFP fusion protein in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells. LC3-GFP puncta in HCLEs were induced by rapamycin and ammonium chloride treatments, and prevented by the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3'MA) and bafilomycin. Importantly, secretomes from Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and resistant (MRSA), were found to induce autophagy, whereas other bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, did not. Our data indicates differences between tested ocular isolates of MRSA and MSSA in the activation of autophagy. HCLEs treated with 3'MA were slightly more susceptible to cytotoxic factors produced by S. marcescens and MRSA keratitis isolates, by contrast, bafilomycin A1 treatment caused no difference. This work demonstrates the successful development and validation of an autophagy reporter corneal cell line and indicates differences between ocular bacterial isolates in the activation of autophagy." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of tumor angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. The autophagy level in mammalian cells was found to increase in the state of hypoxia or ischemia reperfusion. However, the role of autophagy in ocular angiogenesis has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of autophagy on hypoxia-induced choroidal and retinal angiogenesis in vitro using a rhesus macaque choroid-retinal endothelial (RF/6A) cell line.MATERIALS AND METHODS: RF/6A cells were cultured and randomly divided into three groups according to the different culture media: control, hypoxia model[adding 125Mcobalt chloride (CoCl2) to the culture medium], and hypoxia with an autophagy inhibition group [pretreatment with 5 mmol/L 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 1.5 h and then adding125mol/LCoCl2 to the culture medium]. The impact of 3-MA's effect on the level of autophagy proteins (Beclin-1 and LC3) was tested by Western blot analysis. The cell proliferation was assessed using the chromogenicmethylthiazol tetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye after 24 and 48 hours. Cell migration was investigated by wound assay. The tube formation was measured on Matrigel.RESULTS: Under chemical hypoxia conditions, Beclin-1 and LC3 levels increased and this change can be inhibited by 3-MA. Cell viability was decreased in cells treated with CoCl2 for 24 and 48 h compared with the control, and pretreatment with 3-MA slightly promoted CoCl2-inhibited cell proliferation. Cell migration and tube formation were increased in cells treated with CoCl2 for 24 and 48 h compared with the control. Pretreatment with 3-MA significantly inhibited CoCl2-induced cell migration and tube formation.CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia-induced autophagy decreased the cell viability and increased the cell migration and tube formation of RF/6A cells. 3-MA can inhibit hypoxia-induced angiogenesis of RF/6A cells in vitro. The present study suggests that autophagy plays a role in retinal and choroidal angiogenesis and the autophagy inhibitor can be a potential candidate for the treatment of choroidal or retinal neovascularization.", "BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the effects of intermittent high glucose on oxidative stress production in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and explored whether the mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis in oxidative stress are associated with high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) protein.METHODS: Cultured human RPE cell line ARPE-19 cells were exposed to intermittent high glucose-induced oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA); and malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) by commercial kits. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the generation of autophagosome. And MTT assay was used to examine the effect of autophagy on cell viability. For the inhibition experiments, cells were pre-incubated with lysosomal inhibitors NH4Cl or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC).Western blot was used to measure the expression patterns of autophagic markers, including LC3 and p62. The expression of HMGB1 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Cells were pre-incubated with HMGB1 inhibitor ethyl pyruvate (EP) ,then detected the expression pattern of autophagic markers and level of cellular ROS.RESULTS: We found that intermittent high glucose significantly increased oxidative stress levels (as indicated by ROS, MDA, SOD), increased in the generation of autophagosome, decreased the level of p62, induced conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II. We further demonstrated that the NH4Cl/NAC inhibited intermittent high glucose-induced autophage by altered level of LC3 and p62. Intermittent high glucose-induced autophagy is independent of HMGB1 signaling, inhibition of HMGB1 release by EP decreased expression pattern of autophagic markers and level of cellular viability.CONCLUSIONS: Under intermittent high glucose condition, autophagy may be required for preventing oxidative stress-induced injury in RPE. HMGB1 plays important roles in signaling for both autophagy and oxidative stress." ]

[ " The simple answer for why they came back around the time that Avatar came out is that Avatar came out. Avatar was made with IMAX and 3D technology in mind and made an enormous amount of money including a very large contribution from the higher cost/profit 3D/IMAX tickets.\n\nShortly after Avatar, everyone and their mother started tacking on 3D to their movies hoping that 3D was what made Avatar so successful and that it would make their movies successful. Now, 3D didn't make movies more popular, but it certainly gave everyone an excuse to charge more for the movies.", " The old technology wasn't very good, it relied on colored glasses (blue and red I think, one color for each eye) to block out parts of the image on screen for each eye.\n\nIt was successful at the time because it was new and it looked cool but it added very little to the movie itself and the colored glasses tinted the picture you were seeing. It also required people to wear glasses during the movie which, much like today, is another thing that hurts it's appeal.\nAdd to this that the 3D tech was not nearly as immersive as the 3D tech we have today. You didn't get nearly the same effect in depth or in the grades of depth that the current tech can give.\n\nYou'll notice that, although 3D movies are still being made, 3D tech has taken another sharp decline because again, although this new tech is much better than the old tech, it still has drawbacks.\n\nAs for why it came back, well the new 3D tech found a way to create 3D effects without coloring the lenses and the quality of 3d cameras are vastly superior. James Cameron is a huge techno-file and loves to introduce new technology so he felt that this particular advancement would be a revolution for the film industry. As a result he implemented it heavily in Avatar.\n\nTV manufacturers, for example, have completely abandoned the technology because people found them cumbersome in their homes." ]

[ " Very similar to why only some cartoons were computer animated while majority were old style. Like Reboot, transformers, and Donkey Kong Country. Why only one movie every couple of years were CA (toy story), and almost all kid movies are. Why HD was a rare thing, later to be 3D, and now it's 4K.\n\nIt costs a ton of money, and very few companies can manage it. As time goes on, technology becomes more efficient and common, so the prices go down because more people can do it and the machines, programs, and equipment become more affordable as well.", " Before avatar became the highest grossing movie of all time, titanic was the highest grossing movie of all time, which is also directed by James Cameron, the same guy who directed avatar, so James Cameron had a reputation as the guy who directed the highest grossing movie of all time, and he had other hits like terminator, he had a legendary status in all of Hollywood, so when ppl found out that he was coming out with another big budget movie (Avatar), they were hooked, regardless of whether it was good or not. Everyone wanted to see it bc it's James Cameron's movie. And besides he has reputation of making movies that are universally acclaimed and make a lot of money. So that helped him." ]

[ "The resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents represents the main problem in cancer treatment. Despite intensive research, mechanisms of resistance have not yet been fully elucidated. Six1 signaling has an important role in the expansion of progenitor cell populations during early embryogenesis. Six1 gene overexpression has been strongly associated with aggressiveness, invasiveness, and poor prognosis of different cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of Six1 signaling in resistance of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to taxanes. We first established in vitro paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Morphological modifications in paclitaxel-resistant cells were examined via light microscopic images and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Applying quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we measured Six1, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia(BCL-2), BAX, and P53 mRNA expression levels in both non-resistant and resistant cells. Resistant cells were developed from the parent MCF-7 cells by applying increasing concentrations of paclitaxel up to 64 nM. The inhibitory concentration 50% value in resistant cells increased from 3.5 0.03 to 511 10.22 nM (p = 0.015). In paclitaxel-resistant cells, there was a significant increase in Six1 and BCL-2 mRNA levels (p = 0.0007) with a marked decrease in pro-apoptotic Bax mRNA expression level (p = 0.03); however, there was no significant change in P53 expression (p = 0.025). Our results suggest that identifying cancer patients with high Six1 expression and then inhibition of Six1 signaling can improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents in the induction of apoptosis." ]

[ "We aimed to investigate the role of FUT1 gene in Taxol resistance and to explore its mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer. Three ovarian cancer cell lines, ES-2, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 were selected from epithelial ovarian cancer in this experiment. Western blot was used to validate the protein expression level of FUT1 and the apoptosis proteins. The expression level of the corresponding carrier was validated by RT-PCR. Transfection and isolation of stable transfectants were carried out to establish the cell line models. The different concentrations of Taxol on the inhibition of cell growth rate was measured by MTT, in which Taxol resistance profiling in ovarian cancer cells was determined by IC50 data. Flow cytometry was conducted to compare cell apoptosis ability. Caspase-3 activity and the apoptosis proteins were measured by colorimetry and western blot, respectively, to further compare the cell apoptosis ability in different groups. To demonstrate the inhibition of miR-FUT1 combined with Taxol therapy against ovarian cancer, xenograft assay was carried out for the in vivo effect. The western blot results indicate that FUT1 is expressed in all of the ovarian cancer cells with different expression level: ES-2 > SK-OV-3 > OVCAR-3. Besides, FUT1 siRNA was used in the maximum expression of FUT1 cell line ES-2, or over-expression plasmid was used in the minimum expression of FUT1 cell line OVCAR-3, to establish stable expression cell lines. After the treatment with Taxol, the inhibition rate of Taxol was obviously decreased with the established cell model above, and the IC50 level was significantly increased in the FUT1 over-expression + Taxol group (p Keywords: FUT1, Lewis y, Taxol resistance, ovarian cancer, apoptosis.", "To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating Notch3 expression in association with paclitaxel resistance, candidate miRNAs targeting Notch3 were predicted using TargetScan. We found that miR-136 directly targets Notch3, and miR-136 was significantly downregulated in OSC tissues relative to normal control tissues, and low expression of miR-136 correlated with poor overall in ovarian cancer patients. Artificial miR-136 overexpression significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, Cancer stem cell (CSC) spheroid formation, and angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis in paclitaxel-resistant SKpac cells compared with the effects of paclitaxel alone. miR-136 overexpression downregulated cell survival- (survivin, DNA-PK, pS6, S6) and cell cycle- (Cyclin D1, NF-B) related proteins, and anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL2, and BCL-XL), and upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bim, Bid, and Bax). Taken together, miR-136 targets the Notch3 oncogene and functions as a tumor suppressor. miR-136 overexpression resensitized paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells and reduced CSC activities, suggesting a promising new target for the treatment of chemoresistant ovarian cancers." ]

[ "You should not drink while taking Clonazepam. This warning is specific to this drug, not just the general don't drink with medication. You can have plenty of fun at your friend's party without drinking.Bring your favorite non alcoholic beverage.ou should not drink while taking Clonazepam. This warning is specific to this drug, not just the general don't drink with medication. You can have plenty of fun at your friend's party without drinking." ]

[ "Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Clonazepam may help control your condition, but will not cure it. It may take a few weeks or longer before you feel the full benefit of clonazepam. Continue to take clonazepam even if you feel well.", "Do not start or stop taking clonazepam during pregnancy without medical advice. If you are pregnant, your name may be listed on a pregnancy registry. This is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and to evaluate any effects of clonazepam on the baby. Clonazepam may pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby.ou may have increased seizures or unpleasant withdrawal symptoms if you stop using clonazepam suddenly. Ask your doctor how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when you stop using clonazepam. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the recommendations of counteracting obesity advocate for changing lifestyle and physical activity habits, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation with lifestyle modification on anthropometric indices and Vo2max in overweight women.METHODS: Fifty overweight women aged between 20 to 45 years were recruited in this interventional study. Women randomly were divided into two experimental groups (n = 25). Group 1 received omega-3 supplement, aerobic exercise program, and a healthy diet education. Group 2 was similar to group 1, except in that patients received placebo instead of omega-3 capsules. Experimental and placebo group subjects were asked to take one supplementary capsule every day, for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices were measured in the fourth and eighth weeks of the trial. The maximum aerobic capacity (Vo2max) was determined using a gas analysis device. The level of significance for comparing the results before and after the trial was considered at P < 0.05.RESULTS: According to the data, body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and abdominal skinfold thickness significantly reduced in the omega-3 treated group compared to the control group during 8 weeks after the initiation of the study (P < 0.05). In addition, supplementation of omega-3, significantly improved the VO2max outcome compared to that of the control group (P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: According to the results, it seems that omega-3 PUFAS supplementation with lifestyle modification has positive effects on anthropometric indices and Vo2max in overweight women." ]

[ "Overweight and obesity, a cluster of multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis such as elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose level, and dyslipidemia, increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Physical activity and a proper diet are essential preventive measures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a two-month intervention program consisting of a low-caloric diet (1,500kcal) and increased physical activity on the anthropometric parameters, body composition, resting metabolic rate, and maximum oxygen uptake. The study was conducted in 22 women aged 20-38 with diagnosed overweight or obesity. We found that after completing the eight-week-long intervention program, there were significant changes in body composition, consisting of a smaller proportion of body fat and increased lean body mass. Further, we observed a decrease in body weight by 4.32.5kg (p<0.01), a reduction in waist and hip circumference of 2.64.5cm (p<0.01) and 4.42.9cm (p<0.01), respectively, and an increase in maximum oxygen uptake by about 5.28.4ml/kg/min (p<0.01). We conclude that the intervention program consisting of counseling on diet and physical activity may be highly motivational for patients with excess body weight and care givers should give it a try before commencing more aggressive psychopharmacological therapies.", "As postmenopausal women experience a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with an increase in abdominal fat, dietary interventions to reduce CVD risk have been emphasized. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with an ovariectomy on liver and adipose tissue fat metabolism. The efficacy of carnosic acid (CA) supplementation in the suppression of HFD- and ovariectomy-induced obesity was also evaluated. Ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated mice at eight weeks of age were fed with a normal diet (ND), HFD, ND and 0.02% CA, or HFD and 0.02% CA for 12 weeks. All of the animals were sacrificed at the age of 20 weeks. The blood and tissue markers of the lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation were measured. As expected, ovariectomy decreased the uterus weight and serum 17-estradiol concentration. The HFD and ovariectomy significantly contributed to increases in the body weight and total fat mass, which were effectively inhibited by CA supplementation. The circulating concentrations of insulin, leptin, and TG (triglyceride) were significantly higher in the HFD group, and the concentrations were two to five times higher in the OVX and HFD group compared with those of the ND group. The CA supplementation significantly lowered the insulin, leptin, and TG concentrations in the OVX and HFD mice. The hepatic protein expressions of pAMPK and pACC were up-regulated by CA supplementation in OVX mice fed either ND or HFD. The expressions of hepatic SREBP1c and FAS mRNA were the highest in the OVX and HFD group, which were suppressed by CA supplementation. The adipose tissue PPAR, aP2, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions were up-regulated by a HFD or ovariectomy, while they were significantly reduced in the mice fed a CA supplemented diet. The TNF- and IL-6 mRNA levels in the adipose tissue were decreased by providing CA in the OVX groups. These results suggest that HFD and ovariectomy independently contribute to body fat accumulation, and CA effectively alleviated the ovariectomy-induced increases in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Further human trials are required in order to evaluate the efficacy of rosemary-derive CA as natural anti-adipogenic compounds, especially in postmenopausal women." ]

[ "Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can evade the immune response and establish chronic infection under natural and experimental conditions. Some genes related to antigen processing and presentation and to cytokine regulation are known to be involved in this response, but the precise mechanism through which each gene responds to CSFV infection remains unclear. In this study, the amplification standard curve and corresponding linear regression equations for the genes SLA-2, TAP1, SLA-DR, Ii, CD40, CD80, CD86, IFN-α, and IFN-β were established successfully. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the immune response gene transcription in PK-15 cells post CSFV infection. Results showed that: (1) immune response genes were generally down-regulated as a result of CSFV infection, and (2) the expression of SLA-2, SLA-DR, Ii and CD80 was significantly decreased (p < 0.001)" ]

[ "The molecular repertoire of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) is greatly affected by the microenvironment they are exposed to, and specifically by inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-ã) released by activated lymphocytes, and microbial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In our previous study, we found that IFN-ã- and LPS-activated PAMs (M1) could inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. In this study, comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles of the genes associated with the polarization of M0-type PAMs (resting) toward M1 phenotypes (activated by IFN-ã and LPS) led to the following main results: 1) 1551 and 1823 genes were upregulated or downregulated in M1-type PAMs, respectively, compared with M0-type PAMs; 2) Among these, genes encoding ASS1 and CRTAM were the most upregulated and downregulated, respectively; 3) Genes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway were significantly upregulated, suggesting their critical role in cellular activation; and 4) Genes involved in antigen proteolysis and presentation (immunoproteasome subunits), and inhibition of virus replication (host restriction factors) were significantly upregulated, emphasizing the critical role of these cytokines in immunity. Thus, our results provide important information for future studies on the role of PAM polarization in modulation of infection.", "Induction of type I IFNs during viral infection is crucial for host defense. IRF 3 and IRF7 play a critical role as key transcription factors in the activation of the IFN induction. Viruses have evolved a variety of strategies to evade innate immunity. Our previous studies have shown that the nonstructural protein (NSs) of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) can suppress the IFN-â induction through its interaction with tank-binding kinase-1 and sequestering the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase(IKK) complex into the inclusion bodies formed by NSs. In this study, we characterized the unique function of IRF7 in innate immunity and its role in inducing IFN-á in particular, regulated by NSs during the SFTSV infection in several cell types of human origin. Whereas IRF3 is constitutively expressed, IRF7 was significantly induced differentially in various cell types in response to SFTSV infection, promoted the induction of IFN-á2 and -á4, and further induced IFN-â, thus contributing to suppressing the viral replication. Our data indicate that NSs directly interacted with and sequestered IRF7 into the inclusion bodies, which is different from IRF3 indirectly interacting with NSs. Although interaction of NSs with IRF7 did not inhibit IRF7 phosphorylation, p-IRF7 was trapped in the inclusion bodies, resulting in a significant reduction of the IFN-á2 and -á4 induction and therefore enhanced viral replication. Interaction of the viral NSs with both IRF7 and IRF3 and subsequent sequestration of these transcription factors into viral inclusion bodies, a unique strategy used by this phlebovirus, may ensure effective evasion and suppression of host innate immunity." ]

[ "Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding___. Most nouns form their plurals by adding___. Nouns ending in s, ss, sh, ch, x, or z form. their plural by adding____. Nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding_____. Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding ie. Most nouns form their plurals by adding s. Nouns ending in s, ss, sh, ch, x, [ or z form their plural by adding es. Nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding s." ]

[ "Plural nouns ending in-s form the possessive by adding an apostrophe (') after the-s at the end of the word. Examples: The books' covers were damaged in st … orage. We're going to the Smiths' anniversary party. The kittens' mother is a calico.ossessive forms for proper nouns use the same rules as possessive common nouns: An -'s is added to the end of most singular nouns.For plural nouns that end with-s, just the … -' is added after the ending-s to form the possessive.", "Noun-Building Suffix List. (see also -es, & -s for plurals in the Singular/ Plural part of the Tense & Plurals section) These are suffixes that mean 'the condition of ---', 'the result of ---', etc. Note that the endings in # 2 & 6 are usually attached to verbs, to make them into nouns; #1, 4 & 7 suffixes are usually added to adjectives, (for #1 ‘-nce’ or ‘-ncy’ replaces the ‘t’ of the adjective) and #3 & 8 usually to other nouns." ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND AIM: Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) has been attempted not only for benign lesions but also for early ampullary carcinoma (AC). However, there is still no sufficient evidence or consensus regarding the effectiveness of EP for early AC. Herein, we evaluated the expanding indication of EP for early AC.METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2016, 177 patients were diagnosed with ampullary tumor before undergoing EP, and their clinical and histopathological data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: There were 27 Tis-T1a AC patients and four T1b AC patients who underwent EP. Mean tumor size was 14.1 mm for Tis-T1a AC and 17.0 mm for T1b AC. For the histological grade, 50% (2/4) of T1b AC were moderately differentiated, whereas 96.3% (26/27) of Tis-T1a AC were well differentiated and papillary. For lymphovascular invasion, one (25%) occurred in T1b AC but none occurred in Tis-T1a AC. There was no AC recurrence from the date of EP until a maximum of 5 years (Tis-T1a: mean period 48.5 months [5-60]; T1b: mean period 26.5 months [3-60]).CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic papillectomy is useful and reliable for the curative treatment of T1a AC. Large-scale prospective studies with long-term follow up are needed." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by a vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel technique for thyroid gland excision. Compared to the transaxillary endoscopic and bilateral axillo-breast approaches, which require substantial dissection to reach the thyroid gland, TOETVA provides the most direct access to the target organ.METHODS: The aim of this video is to provide a step-by-step overview of TOETVA and demonstrate how to set up and utilize intraoperative nerve monitoring.RESULTS: Three incisions are placed in the vestibular region of the oral cavity just below the lower lip for placement of 2 lateral 5-mm trocars and 1 centrally placed 11-mm trocar. Insufflation to 6mm Hg is used to maintain the working spacing. Using a 2-handed technique and triangulation, the thyroid gland is mobilized, taking care to identify and preserve the relevant cervical anatomy.CONCLUSION: TOETVA is safe and feasible and provides an excellent cosmetic outcome with the most confidentially compared to the other remote access endoscopic approaches.", "Endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal surgery has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas and many other pituitary lesions. Refinements in surgical techniques, technological advancements, and incorporation of neuronavigation have rendered this surgery minimally invasive. The complication rates of this surgery are very low while excellent results are consistently obtained through this approach. This paper focuses on the step-by-step surgical approach to pituitary adenomas, which is based on personal experience, and details the results obtained with this minimally invasive surgery." ]

[ "Pinyin is a very useful tool to learn to get around China. The Chinese view their characters as the true Chinese written language, but pinyin can be seen on many maps, road signs, and other notices. Pinyin is much easier to learn, use and remember than characters, particularly if tones are ignored." ]

[ "In Western media, the pinyin romanization of this Chinese word is becoming more widely used instead of the two common translations—connections and relationships—as neither of those terms sufficiently reflects the wide cultural implications that guanxi describes.", "Definition of pinyin. : a system for romanizing Chinese ideograms in which tones are indicated by diacritics and unaspirated consonants are transcribed as voiced — compare wade-giles." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE Nonpharmacologic interventions such as limiting nosocomial spread have been suggested for mitigation of respiratory epidemics at health care facilities. This observational study tested the efficacy of a mass screening, isolation, and triage protocol in correctly identifying and placing in a cohort exercise subjects according to case status in the emergency departments at 3 acute care hospitals in Brooklyn, New York, during a simulated pandemic influenza outbreak. METHODS During a 1-day, full-scale exercise using 354 volunteer victims, variables assessing adherence to the mass screening protocol and infection control recommendations were evaluated using standardized forms. RESULTS While all hospitals were able to apply the suggested mass screening protocol for separation based on case status, significant differences were observed in several infection control variables among participating hospitals and different hospital areas. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of mass screening and other infection control interventions during a hospital full-scale exercise was feasible and resulted in measurable outcomes. Hospital drills may be an effective way of detecting and addressing variability in following infection control recommendations." ]

[ "Challenging periods like the COVID-19 pandemic require fast and efficient adaptations of the healthcare system. It is vital that every patient has access to nutritional care as a part of primary healthcare services, even if social distancing measures are adopted. Therefore, we propose a simple remote nutritional screening tool and practical guidance for nutritional care in primary practice, and their implementation into telemedicine processes and digital platforms suitable for healthcare providers. The acronym for the tool is R-MAPP, as for Remote – Malnutrition APP, while the tool will be available also as an app. This protocol consists of two simple validated clinical tools for identifying nutritional risk and loss of muscle mass and function –Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (‘MUST’) and SARC-F (5-item questionnaire: Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) - and additional practical guidance on nutritional interventions for family physicians.", "With the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of individuals that need to be tested for COVID-19 has been rapidly increasing. A walk-through (WT) screening center using negative pressure booths that is inspired by the biosafety cabinet has been designed and implemented in Korea for easy screening of COVID-19 and for safe and efficient consultation for patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. Here, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 WT screening center. The WT center increases patient access to the screening clinics and adequately protects healthcare personnel while reducing the consumption of personal protective equipment. It can also increase the number of people tested by 9–10 fold. However, there is a risk of cross-infection at each stage of screening treatment, including the booths, and adverse reactions with disinfection of the booths. These limitations can be overcome using mobile technology and increasing the number of booths to reduce congestion inside the center, reducing booth volume for sufficient and rapid ventilation, and using an effective, harmless, and certified environmental disinfectant. A WT center can be implemented in other institutions and countries and modified depending on local needs to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic." ]

[ "FCC Registered Cell Phone and Antenna Towers in Donalsonville, Georgia FCC Registered Cell Phone and Antenna Towers in Donalsonville, Georgia Full list of 2 FCC Registered Cell Phone Towers in Donalsonville, GAFCC Registered Cell Phone Towers in Donalsonville, GA+-Leaflet | Data, imagery and map information provided by Carto DB, Open Street Map and contributors, CC-BY-SANote: Not all towers must be registered in the FCC database, so the above map may not list all the towers in the area.4.67 Nm Nw Of Donalsonville On Us 84 (Sr 38) N. Side (99879) ( Lat: 31.077611 , Lon: -84.953667), Type: Gtower, Structure height: 91.4 m, Overall height: 93.3 m, Call Sign: KNKN587, Assigned Frequencies: 880.020 MHz, 880.020 MHz, 880.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 835.020 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 891.510 MHz, 846.510 MHz, 846.510 MHz, 846.510 MHz, Grant Date: 08/30/2011, Expiration Date: 10/01/2021, Certifier: Michael P Goggin, Registrant: At&t Mobility LLC, 1120 20th Street, Nw - Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20036, Phone: (202) 457-2055, Fax: (202) 457-3073, Email:michael.p.goggin@att.com Find on map (Donalsonville) 17 Industrial Blvd ( Lat: 31.054167 , Lon: -84.900556), Type: Gtower, Structure height: 115.8 m, Overall height: 121.3 m, Call Sign: KNKN680, Assigned Frequencies: 869.040 MHz, 869.040 MHz, 869.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz, Grant Date: 08/31/2010, Expiration Date: 10/01/2020, Certifier: John T Scott, Registrant: Verizon Wireless, 1120 Sanctuary Pkwy, #150 Gasa5reg, Alpharetta, GA 30009-7630, Phone: (770) 797-1070, Fax: (770) 797-1036, Email:licensingcompliance@verizonwireless.com Find on map" ]

[ "Georgia Sales Tax \"Georgia Sales Tax Georgia Sales Tax At a Glance State rate: 4% Maximum combined rate: 8.9% Sourcing: Georgia Tax Holidays: none Governing Body: Georgia Department of Revenue Like almost every state in the Union, Georgia has a statewide sales tax that is levied on many retail purchases. As a destination-based state, orders that are shipped to a different location will be taxed at the rate of the delivery address, not the rate of the shipper. Different locations have different rates, due to the fact that local tax is often applied in addition to the state tax. Read on to discover how sales tax works in the state of Georgia and how it applies to your business. Georgia Sales Tax Rates What is the sales tax rate in Georgia? Georgia sales tax varies by location. There is a state sales tax as well as local tax in many counties. Georgia’s statewide sales tax rate is 4%, but local rates typically vary from 7-8% (4% for state, plus additional 3 or 4% for local). The city of Atlanta charges a 1.9% local tax rate, for a total rate of 8.9%. Sales tax is due for the retail sale of certain services, and for storage, use and consumption of all tangible personal property. Is Georgia Destination-Based or Origin-Based? The state of Georgia is a destination-based state. This means that for orders shipped from one location to another, the applicable tax rate is that of the destination address. So if you are a retailer shipping orders from Atlanta, and a customers places an order in your store and has it shipped to Savannah, you need to charge that customer sales tax using the rate for his or her location in Savannah. You cannot use your local Atlanta rate for all orders. Georgia Sales Tax Nexus in Georgia If you have nexus in Georgia, then you are required to collect sales tax on applicable sales, and file and remit that tax to the state. Nexus is simply defined as a significant connection to a state. Specifically in Georgia, the following activities give rise to economic nexus: Maintains a retail sales location, office, warehouse, distribution center, or other place of business within the state Posesses tangible personal property for retail sale, use, consumption, distribution, or storage Solicits business via an employee or other representative Has Georgia-based affiliates who earn commission by referring sales, sometimes known as a click-through nexus Amazon sellers should note that there are Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) warehouses in the state of Georgia, and that storing goods for sale through FBA in Georgia warehouses gives rise to nexus and therefore sales tax resposibilities. Please refer to the state of Georgia for a complete and up-to-date list. What is Subject to Sales Tax in Georgia Most goods and just a few services may be subject to Georgia sales tax. For goods, it’s easy – the sale of tangible personal property is taxable. Are services taxable in Georgia? Most services in Georgia are not subject to sales tax. So if you perform automotive repair or pet grooming services (and sell no products), then you don’t need to worry about sales tax. However, there are a few services that are taxable. These are: Accommodations, like hotel stays In-state transportation of individuals (for example, a taxi service)Admissions Games and amusement activities Shipping and delivery charges Of particular note to ecommerce stores, among the list of taxable services above, is that shipping charges are taxable. This would apply to any other charge by the retailer that is \"\"necessary to complete the sale of taxable property, \"\" including handling costs. Is shipping taxable in Georgia? Short answer: Yes. The amount you charge your customers for shipping costs should be included in the amount taxed. Does Georgia have use tax? Goods purchased from outside the state are subject to use tax, payable by the purchaser. For example, if someone buys a product from an online retailer, or by phone or mail order, from outside the state and is not charged sales tax, then the buyer owes use tax instead. What products are exempt from sales tax in Georgia? A few products are exempt from sales tax, including non-prepared food (groceries) and durable medical equipment. Click here for a complete list. Georgia Sales Tax Registration How do I register for a Georgia resale certificate? Anyone who qualifies as a dealer under Georgia law is required to register for a sales and use tax number, regardless of the manner in which sales are made or whether the sales are taxable or exempt. Registration is done online at the Georgia Tax Center. You will be required to enter a corporate officer’s social security number, because officers are personally liable for any unpaid sales tax. Once you’ve completed your application, your sales tax account number will be sent via email within 15 minutes. The Georgia Tax Center has an excellent set of instructional videos to assist businesses with registration and other activities. Click here for the video that walks you through their registration process. See the Georgia Department of Revenue or the Georgia Tax Center to: Register to file and remit taxes. Register a 3rd party filer. Submit documentation. Make a quick payment. Georgia’s website prevents us from linking directly to the internal pages. So to do any of the above tasks, go to https://gtc.dor.ga.gov/ and from the three links under the photograph of the city, choose “Business”. Then select the appropriate link in the section below. Filing a Georgia Sales Tax Return How do I file Georgia sales and use tax returns? You may file a Georgia sales tax return via paper Form ST-3 or electronically via the Georgia Tax Center or approved software vendors. If you owe more than $500, you will be required to file electronically. If you owe less, you may choose either method. However, if you submit funds via ACH then you must also file yout return electronically, regardless of the amount. You must file a return even if no sales tax is due. Vendors are allowed to keep a percentage of the tax collected, known as the Vendor’s Compensation. The deduction consists of 3% of the first $3000 collected, and 0.5% of any amount collected over $3000. For example, if you collected $5000 in taxes, your deduction would be $100. That’s $90 for the first $3000, and $10 for the next $2000. The Vendor’s Compensation can only be taken for returns that are filed and paid on time. GA Sales Tax Deadlines How often do I need to file Georgia sales tax? During the first 6 months, you must file your tax returns monthly. After that, you can continue to file monthly, or you may be able to file with a different frequency. Before doing so, you must make a written request and receive written approval. If you do this, your filing frequency depends on the amount of tax you’ve collected and owe, as follows: Quarterly: You may file your returns quarterly if your tax liability over the previous 6 months has averaged $200/month or less. Annually: You may file your returns annually if your tax liability over the previous 6 months has averaged $50/month or less. After six months you may also request a different filing period, known as special period filing. What are Georgia’s sales tax deadlines? Georgia sales tax returns and remittances are due on the following schedule. Monthly Returns for monthly filers are due on the 20th of the following month. If the 20th falls on a weekend, legal holiday, or any day when the Federal Reserve Bank is closed, the return and payment will be due on the following business day. Period Due Date January February 20February March 20March April 20April May 20May June 20June July 20July August 20August September 20September October 20October November 20November December 20December January 20Quarterly Returns for monthly filers are due on the 20th of the month following the end of the quarter. Period Due Date January – March (Q1) April 20April – June (Q2) July 20July – September (Q3) October 20October – December (Q4) January 20Annual Returns for annual filers are due on January 20th of the following year. Period Due Date January – December January 20 (following year)Georgia Sales Tax Penalties and Interest Sales tax returns are considered late if not complete by the 20th of the month following the end of the sales tax period (see tables above). For returns that are mailed via US mail, the return must be postmarked by the due date. For electronic payments, the Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) must be complete by the due date. (Therefore it’s a good idea to submit it a few business days in advance. )Delinquent returns/payments forfeit the Vendor’s Compensation amount. In the case of a delinquent filing, the entire tax collected is due. Late returns, late payments, or partial payments are subject to the following penalties: Less than 30 Days Late – the greater of 5% or $5.30 Days Late or More – the greater of 5% or $5 for each 30-day period during which the payment was late The penalty for any single violation is not to exceed 25% or $25 in the aggregate. If a sales tax return is fraudulent or late with willful intent to defraud the state, a penalty of 50% will be assessed. In addition to penalties, unpaid taxes are also subject to interest. Interest is charged at the annual prime rate plus 3%, and accrues monthly. Interest begins to acrue on the due date, if unpaid. Resources Georgia Department of Revenue Sales & Use Tax Q&A Site Downloadable (PDF) sales tax rate charts dating back through one and a half years. Updated every quarter. Sales and Use Tax Registration Register a Business Georgia Sales Tax Software Because Georgia is a destination-based state, you need to be able to determine the correct rate based on your customers’ shipping addresses. Our Tax Tools software can help. It accurately calculates and collects Georgia sales tax on your website. Accurate Tax finds the right sales tax for every US address, and applies the tax to each order accordingly. Configuring sales tax on your ecommerce store has never been easier. Contact us for more information or register for a free trial of Accurate Tax’s Tax Tools software. Start Your Free Trial Today You can also use our free sales tax calculator to look up the rate for any Georgia address. \"" ]

[ "The recurrence of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in the allograft is common. Factors related to IgA recurrence are unclear. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of IgAN recurrence as assessed by protocol biopsies and to identify predictive factors for recurrence. We identified 65 protocol biopsies taken before the second year post-transplantation in patients with IgAN as primary renal disease. Diagnosis of recurrence of IgA was based on the detection of at least 1+ mesangial deposits of IgA. Pathological findings and clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between recurrent and non-recurrent cases. IgAN recurrence rate was 32%. Mesangial C3 was detected in 83% of recurrent cases versus 17% in non-recurrent patients (P < 0.001). Normal urinalysis was observed in 52%. Non-recurrent patients had arteriolar hyalinosis in 31% of the cases versus none in IgAN recurrence (P = 0.006). Seventy-nine per cent of cyclosporine users were free of recurrence, whereas 45% of the patients without cyclosporine experienced recurrence (P = 0.03). The odds ratio (OR) for IgAN recurrence in patients using cyclosporine was 0.3 (confidence interval 0.1-0.9). Zero HLA-DR mismatch was associated with non-recurrence (P < 0.01). The OR for IgA recurrence was 6.7 if any degree of DR mismatch was present. IgAN recurrent patients had better glomerular filtration rate, but after censoring delayed graft function, the differences disappeared. Graft loss due to IgA recurrence was only 3%" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Recurrence of primary glomerulonephritis in the post-transplant period has been described in the literature but the risk remains poorly quantified and its impact on allograft outcomes and implications for subsequent transplants remain under-examined. Here we describe the rates and timing of post-transplant glomerulonephritis recurrence for IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary GN and membranous GN based on 28 years of ANZDATA registry transplant data.METHODS: We investigated the rates of GN recurrence and subsequent graft outcomes in 7236 patient from 28 years of ANZDATA transplant registry data. Data were analysed in R, using Kaplan Meier Survival analysis and adjusted analyses performed using Cox Proportional Hazards methods. A competing risk model was also analysed.RESULTS: GN recurrence occurred in 10.5% of transplants and was most common in mesangiocapillary GN. Median time to recurrence was shorter for FSGS compared to IGAN. GN recurrence was less common in patients over 50 years of age and after unrelated kidney donation. We identified a significantly higher risk of recurrence in secondary grafts following recurrence in a primary allograft for FSGS (RR 5.70, 95 CI: 2.41-13.5, p < 0.001) but not IGAN, MCGN or MN. At 10 years, recurrence occurs in 8.7, 10.8, 13.1, and 13.4% of allografts for FSGS, IGAN, MCGN and MN respectively. In all GN, recurrence significantly reduced death censored graft survival at 5 and 10 years.CONCLUSIONS: GN recurrence occurs in a minority of patients at a significantly different rate for each GN. After a recurrence, there is no evidence for an increased risk of further recurrence in a subsequent graft except in FSGS.", "Background: The complement system activation and regulation have been linked to post-transplant pathologies including chronic antibody mediated rejection (cAMR) and the recurrence of IgA nephropathy (ReIgAN) but distinct mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods: In this retrospective single center study, the outcome of kidney transplantation was studied in 150 patients with late histological diagnosis to be either cAMR or ReIgAN, 14 stable kidney grafts at 3 months and finally 11 patients with native kidney IgAN nephropathy. To study a role of complement cascade and regulation in cAMR and ReIgAN, the RNA was extracted from available frozen kidney biopsy samples and using RT-qPCR transcripts of 11 target genes along with clinical data were determined and compared with stable grafts at 3 months protocol biopsies or IgAN native kidney nephropathy. Immunohistologically, CD46 (MCP), and C5 proteins were stained in biopsies. Results: Interestingly, there were no differences in kidney graft survival between cAMR and ReIgAN since transplantation. cAMR was associated with significantly higher intragraft transcripts of C3, CD59, and C1-INH as compared to ReIgAN (p < 0.05). When compared to normal stable grafts, cAMR grafts exhibited higher C3, CD55, CD59, CFH, CFI, and C1-INH (p < 0.01). Moreover, ReIgAN was associated with the increase of CD46, CD55, CD59 (p < 0.01), and CFI (p < 0.05) transcripts compared with native kidney IgAN. Rapid progression of cAMR (failure at 2 years after biopsy) was observed in patients with lower intrarenal CD55 expression (AUC 0.77, 78.6% sensitivity, and 72.7 specificity). There was highly significant association of several complement intrarenal transcripts and the degree of CKD regardless the diagnosis; C3, CD55, CFH, CFI, and C1-INH expressions positively correlated with eGFR (for all p < 0.001). Neither the low mRNA transcripts nor the high mRNA transcripts biopsies were associated with distinct trend in MCP or C5 proteins staining. Conclusions: The intrarenal complement system transcripts are upregulated in progressively deteriorated kidney allografts." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Few studies in Africa provide detailed descriptions of the vulnerabilities of female sex workers (FSWs) to violence.OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence and types of violence experienced by FSWs, identify the risk factors of experiencing violence to women (VAW) and the perpetrators of these acts.METHODS: An analytical cross sectional survey of 305 brothel-based FSWs and in-depth interview of 20 chairpersons residing in brothels in Abuja, Nigeria was done.RESULTS: The prevalence of VAW six months preceding the survey was 52.5%. Sexual violence was the commonest type (41.9%) of violence experienced, followed by economic (37.7%), physical violence (35.7%) and psychological (31.9%). The main perpetrators of sexual violence were clients (63.8%) and brothel management (18.7%). Sexual violence was significantly more experienced (aOR 2.23; 95%CI 1.15-4.36) by older FSWs than their younger counterparts, by permanent brothel residents (aOR 2.08; 95%CI 1.22-3.55) and among those who had been in the sex industry for more than five years (aOR 2.01; 95%CI 0.98-4.10). Respondents with good knowledge levels of types of violence were less vulnerable to physical violence (aOR 0.45; 95%CI 0.26-0.77). Psychological violence was more likely among FSWs who smoked (aOR 2.16; 95%CI 1.26-3.81). Risk of economic violence decreased with educational levels (aOR 0.54; 95%CI 0.30-0.99 and aOR 0.42; 95%CI 0.22-0.83 for secondary and post secondary respectively). Consequences of the violence included sexually transmitted infections (20%) and HIV (8.0%).CONCLUSION: Interventions that educate FSWs on their rights and enable them avoid violence are urgently required. Young women need economic and educational empowerments to enable them avoid sex work." ]

[ "Urban female exotic dancers are thought to experience unique risk for violence and barriers to care, though limited research has focused on this aspect of urban sex industries. We characterize recent client-perpetrated and intimate partner violence (IPV) and their correlates, and describe women's intentions for violence-related help-seeking, among venue-based exotic dancers in a high-risk urban environment. We conducted a cross-sectional study with new female exotic dancers (n=117) in Baltimore, MD. Over one third (36%) reported intimate partner violence (IPV), and 16% reported client physical or sexual violence, in the six months prior to the survey. Both forms of violence were correlated with arrest, sex trade, substance use, and childhood abuse. Violence-related help-seeking intentions were highest for club management. Intentions to seek help from police and violence-related support hotlines were lowest among those with recent experiences of violence. Recent violence, particularly from intimate partners, was pervasive in this sample of female exotic dancers, and enabled by substance use, criminal history, and sex trade. Preferences for help within venues, rather than the justice sector and publicly funded support services, indicate the need for systems reform to meet the needs of this high-risk group of women.", "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is often high among female sex workers (FSWs) in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the dynamics of HIV infection in this key population is critical to developing appropriate prevention strategies. We aimed to describe the prevalence and associated risk factors among a sample of FSWs in Rwanda from a survey conducted in 2010. A cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey was conducted among FSWs in Rwanda. Time-location sampling was used for participant recruitment from 4 to 18 February 2010. HIV testing was done using HIV rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) as per Rwandan national guidelines at the time of the survey. Elisa tests were simultaneously done on all samples tested HIV-positive on RDT. Proportions were used for sample description; multivariable logistic regression model was performed to analyze factors associated with HIV infection. Of 1338 women included in the study, 1112 consented to HIV testing, and the overall HIV prevalence was 51.0%. Sixty percent had been engaged in sex work for less than five years and 80% were street based. In multivariable logistic regression, HIV prevalence was higher in FSWs 25 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.83, 95% [confidence interval (CI): 1.42-2.37]), FSWs with consistent condom use in the last 30 days (aOR = 1.39, [95% CI: 1.05-1.82]), and FSWs experiencing at least one STI symptom in the last 12 months (aOR = 1.74 [95% CI: 1.34-2.26]). There was an inverse relationship between HIV prevalence and comprehensive HIV knowledge (aOR = 0.65, [95% CI: 0.48-0.88]). HIV prevalence was high among a sample of FSWs in Rwanda, and successful prevention strategies should focus on HIV education, treatment of sexually transmitted infections, and proper and consistent condom use using an outreach approach." ]

[ "As a natural fiber, inulin provides a number of important health benefits, such as help in preventing constipation, lowering cholesterol levels, and promoting good bacteria (probiotics) in the intestinal tract." ]

[ "It can be used to replace sugar, fat, and flour. This is advantageous because inulin contains 25-35% of the food energy of carbohydrates (starch, sugar). In addition to being a versatile ingredient, inulin has many health benefits.", "Benefits of Inulin. Inulin, also known as a polysaccharide, is a soluble fibre classed as a fructan. Fructans are chains of fructose indigestible by our body, but loved by the good bacteria in our gut flora." ]

[ "Inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes. Since DPP-4 is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme, we examined whether it is expressed in islets and whether an islet effect to inhibit DPP-4 may result in stimulated insulin secretion. We investigated DPP-4 expression and activity in the islets of mouse models of obesity as well as human islets from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic donors. We further investigated whether inhibition with DPP-4 inhibitors could promote insulin secretion via islet GLP-1 in isolated islets. DPP-4 was readily detected in mouse and human islets with species-specific cellular localisation. In mice, DPP-4 was expressed predominantly in beta cells, whereas in humans it was expressed nearly exclusively in alpha cells. DPP-4 activity was significantly increased in islets from diet-induced obese mice compared with mice fed a control diet. In humans, DPP-4 activity was significantly lower in islets from type 2 diabetic donors than in non-diabetic donors. In human islets, there was a significant positive correlation between DPP-4 activity and insulin secretory response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose. Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors. Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1" ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a new therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetic patients. DPP-4 has been reported to enhance inflammation. However, the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on inflammation remains unknown. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a strong inducer of inflammation and osteoclast formation. In this study, we investigated in vivo effects of DPP-4 inhibition on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption, as well as in vitro effects of DPP-4 inhibition on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and TNF-á-induced osteoclastogenesis.METHODS: LPS with or without a DPP-4 inhibitor was subcutaneously injected into mouse calvaria for 5 days. Histological sections of calvaria were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and osteoclast numbers were determined. The ratio of calvaria bone resorption was evaluated via microfocal computed tomography reconstruction images.RESULTS: Osteoclast number and bone resorption were significantly lower in mice that underwent LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administration than in those that underwent LPS administration alone. Moreover, RANKL, TNF-á, and M-CSF expression was reduced in the LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administration group. In vitro, there were no direct effects of DPP-4 inhibitor or DPP-4 on RANKL- and TNF-á-induced osteoclastogenesis, or on LPS-induced RANKL expression in stromal cells. Nevertheless, macrophages from LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-administered mice exhibited lower TNF-á expression than macrophages from LPS-only mice. Notably, TNF-á expression was not reduced in LPS and DPP-4 inhibitor co-treated macrophages in vitro, compared with macrophages treated with LPS alone.", "Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a severe disease and it is one of the most raising problems worldwide. This study deals with design, synthesis and in vivo determination of a new set of tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as anti-diabetic and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibiting agents. Most of the new compounds exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect alongside with DPP-4 suppression potency considering sitagliptin as a reference drug. The most promising compounds 4, 15 showed 2.80 nM DPP-4 IC50 with 20-40 folds selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9. 2D and 3D QSAR models were performed using auto QSAR of Schr?dinger, QuaSAR of MOE and 3D Field-based QSAR of Schr?dinger, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the alignment-independent descriptors, electrostatic and steric field descriptors were significantly correlated with the antidiabetic activity of the new derivatives. In addition, the new compounds were docked in the active site of DPP-4 in reference to sitagliptin to rationalize the binding modes of the compounds with the amino acid residues of the enzyme. Furthermore, 131I-compound 4 complex was selected to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavioral profile of compound 4 and its body organs uptakes alongside its elimination pathway as a representative example for the rest of the analogues. The bio distribution pattern of the tracer proved the selective accumulation of 131I-substrate in the pancreas and rapid clearance from most of the body organs." ]

[ "You may want to replace your toms or snare heads more often, again depending on how much you’re playing. For a quick check, closely examine your snare drum batter head." ]

[ "Also remember that one of a drum’s jobs is to absorb heat, and the heavier the drum, the more heat it can absorb. Turning a drum removes valuable metal and reduces the drum’s effectiveness. If you want top performance, replace drums as wear approaches .080 inch.", "On the other hand, maybe you're a seasoned drummer who is looking to upgrade their kit and take their playing to the next level. If this is the case, a drum such as the Performance Series Snare Drum from DW might be just what the doctor ordered." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: In 2006, Medicare Part D transitioned prescription drug coverage for dual-eligible nursing home residents from Medicaid to Medicare and randomly assigned them to Part D prescription drug plans (PDPs). Because PDPs may differ in coverage, plans may be more or less generous for drugs that an individual is taking. Taking advantage of the fact that randomization mitigates potential selection bias common in observational studies, this study sought to assess the effect of PDP coverage on resident outcomes for three medication classes--antidepressants, antipsychotics, and cholinesterase inhibitors.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study to examine the effect of coverage restrictions--including noncoverage and coverage with restrictions--on depression, hallucinations and delusions, aggressive behaviors, cognitive performance, and activities of daily living for dual-eligible nursing home residents randomized to PDPs in 2006 to 2008. The analyses further adjusted for baseline health status to address any residual imbalances in the comparison groups.SETTING: Linked data from Medicare claims, Minimum Data Set assessments, pharmacy claims, and PDP formulary information.PARTICIPANTS: Dual-eligible nursing home residents aged 65 and older living in facilities that contracted with a single pharmacy provider.RESULTS: PDP coverage restrictions in three medication classes of interest were not significantly associated with the resident outcomes examined. Although cholinesterase inhibitor users facing coverage restrictions had a 0.04-point lower depression rating score than residents facing no restrictions, this difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that exogenous changes in coverage for three commonly used medication classes had no detectable effect on nursing home resident outcomes in 2006 to 2008. There are several possible explanations for this lack of association, including the role of policy protections for dual-eligible nursing home residents and the possibility that suitable clinical alternatives were identified or that previously used medications offered little clinical benefit." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. In addition to other system-level interventions, all states have responded during the crisis by implementing prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). This study examines associations between specific administrative features of PDMPs and changes in the risk of prescription opioid-related poisoning (RxORP) over time.METHODS: This longitudinal, observational study utilized a 'natural experiment' design to assess associations between PDMP features and risk of RxORP in a nationally-representative population of privately-insured adults from 2004 to 2014. Administrative health claims data were used to identify inpatient hospital admissions and emergency department visits related to RxORP. Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models were used to examine associations between specific PDMP features and changes in relative risk (RR) of RxORP over time.RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, states without PDMPs experienced an average annual increase in the rate of RxORP of 9.51% over the study period, while states with operational PDMPs experienced an average annual increase of 3.17%. The increase in RR of RxORP over time in states with operational PDMPs was significantly less than increases in states without PDMPs. States with specific features, including those that monitored more schedules or required more frequent data reporting, experienced stronger protective effects on the RR of RxORP over time.CONCLUSION: This study examined associations between specific PDMP features and RxORP rates in a nationally-representative population of privately-insured adults. Results of this study may be used as empirical evidence to guide PDMP best practices.", "OBJECTIVES: To 1) identify specific patient barriers and pharmacist interventions to medication adherence by means of the Drug Adherence Work-Up (DRAW) tool; and 2) measure patient adherence to antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications by calculating proportion of days covered (PDC) before and after pharmacist telephone adherence interview.DESIGN: This prospective quality-improvement study consisted of telephonic interviews and targeted interventions to increase medication adherence based on patient-specific barriers. The baseline PDC was electronically calculated for each patient, and postintervention PDCs were manually calculated at 90 days and 180 days after baseline. The measurement period in each PDC calculation was 180 days.SETTING AND PATIENTS: This study was conducted in a small-chain independent pharmacy in rural Midwest United States. Patients taking an antihypertensive or oral antidiabetic medication were identified through an online platform and contacted if they had a PDC of less than 80% during the previous 180 days.OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and postinterview PDC were calculated for each patient who received an adherence interview. Frequency of specific barriers and pharmacist interventions were identified and analyzed.RESULTS: Ninety-seven eligible patients were identified. Fifty-six patients participated in an interview. Of these, a total of 66 barriers to adherence were identified. Pharmacists implemented 76 interventions for these patients, and 43 patients were included in final PDC calculations. From baseline, 69.0% of patients with hypertension and 64.3% of patients with diabetes reached a PDC of greater than 80% within 3 months. The most frequently identified barrier was forgetfulness on routine days, and the most common interventions were patient education, deactivated drug, and recommend or start medication synchronization program.CONCLUSION: Using pharmacists to identify and address patient barriers to adherence resulted in a significant increase in PDC among patients with hypertension and diabetes. The DRAW tool can be used in a community pharmacist-delivered telephonic intervention to improve medication adherence." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly population. The onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease can be attributed to several factors, including genetic components. One of the most common genetic factors related to Alzheimer's disease is the presence of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. The APOE e4 allele is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The more copies of the E4 allele an individual has, the greater the risk. The APOE e2 allele, on the other hand, is associated with a decreased risk of developing Alzheimer's. However, it's important to note that having the APOE e4 allele does not guarantee that an individual will develop Alzheimer's disease. Other genetic factors include PSEN1 and PSEN2 mutations which cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease. APP gene mutations can also lead to early-onset Alzheimer's. Furthermore, research is ongoing to identify additional genetic factors that may contribute to the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease" ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that affects the brain and leads to cognitive decline. The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown, but it's believed to be a result of a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which leads to the death of brain cells. The most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include memory loss, confusion, difficulty completing familiar tasks, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships, and changes in mood and personality. In terms of treatment, there is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease, but there are medications and management strategies that can temporarily improve symptoms. Ongoing research aims to find new treatments for Alzheimer's disease and ultimately, a cure" ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: A synoptic description of the autonomic symptoms profile (ASP) of patients with COPD is not available. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of autonomic symptoms and its associates in COPD.METHODS: We evaluated 89 subjects with COPD (657.3years; 66 males; GOLD II-IV) with an equal number of age- and sex-matched control subjects by means of the composite autonomic symptom score (COMPASS 31) questionnaire, which assesses autonomic symptoms across six domains (orthostatic intolerance, vasomotor, secretomotor, gastrointestinal, urinary and pupillomotor). Lung function, medication use and health status variables (quality of life: physical/mental component summary [PCS/MCS], fatigue, anxiety, depression and dyspnea levels) were also assessed.RESULTS: Compared to controls, all subjects with COPD reported significantly higher orthostatic intolerance, secretomotor and total autonomic symptom scores (p<.05). Additionally, subjects with moderate COPD also reported significantly higher scores for vasomotor, gastrointestinal, urinary and pupillomotor symptoms compared to controls (p<.05). Nevertheless, these symptoms were comparable between the moderate and severe COPD subgroups (p>.05). The COPD subjects had poorer health status compared to controls as exhibited by significantly higher scores for depression, anxiety, fatigue and dyspnea, and lower scores values for PCS and MCS scores (p<.05). These health status variables were mildly associated with autonomic symptoms (0.214?r?0.421; p<.05), but not with demographic and lung function (p>.05). The MCS was the only significant predictor of total autonomic symptoms score in COPD (p=0.001; =-0.430).CONCLUSION: Autonomic symptoms are present in all domains of the COMPASS-31 in COPD, irrespective of disease severity and demographic variables. Autonomic symptoms in COPD were mainly influenced by poor mental health." ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiorespiratory responses and symptoms in response to endurance exercise in patients with COPD vary with the number and position of involved limbs. Responses to such variations have never been quantified for strength exercises. We therefore assessed acute cardiorespiratory responses during brief bouts of weight lifting exercises.METHODS: We compared double- versus single-limb leg extensions and arm elevations, as well as arm elevation done above or below shoulder level in patients with moderate to severe COPD (n = 10, 6 males, 66 (8.1 years), forced expiratory volume on 1 s (FEV1 ) % predicted = 34% (14%)). Minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, oxygen saturation, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and recovery time were collected during single sets of each exercise (10 repetitions at 80% of one repetition maximum).RESULTS: Ventilatory and gas exchange responses were not affected by the number of exercising limbs. Changes in HR, BP and RPE scores during arm elevation above shoulder level were greater after double- compared with single-arm elevation (P ? 0.001) and greater when exercising above compared with below shoulder level (P ? 0.01). Double-arm elevation above shoulder level required 1.5 min longer HR recovery time (P ? 0.041) compared with other exercises.CONCLUSION: Double-arm elevation above shoulder level appears to be more challenging than other strength exercise variations. Partitioning exercises and limb position may reduce perceived exertion during training.", "Background: Exercise tolerance decreases as COPD progresses. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in COPD and may reduce performance further. COPD patients with and without PH could potentially be identified by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). However, results from previous studies are diverging, and a unified conclusion is missing. We hypothesized that CPET combined with arterial blood gases is useful to discriminate between COPD outpatients with and without PH.Methods: In total, 93 COPD patients were prospectively included. Pulmonary function tests, right heart catheterization, and CPET with blood gases were performed. The patients were divided, by mean pulmonary artery pressure, into COPD-noPH (<25 mmHg) and COPD-PH (?25 mmHg) groups. Linear mixed models (LMMs) were fitted to estimate differences when repeated measurements during the course of exercise were considered and adjusted for gender, age, and airway obstruction.Results: Ventilatory and/or hypoxemic limitation was the dominant cause of exercise termination. In LMM analyses, significant differences between COPD-noPH and COPD-PH were observed for PaO2, SaO2, PaCO2, ventilation, respiratory frequency, and heart rate. PaO2 <61 mmHg (8.1 kPa) during unloaded pedaling, the only load level achieved by all the patients, predicted PH with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 78%.Conclusion: During CPET, low exercise performance and PaO2 strongly indicated PH in COPD patients." ]

[ "Water quality deterioration is a prominent issue threatening water security throughout the world. Huai River Basin, as the sixth largest basin in China, is facing the most severe water pollution and high disturbance. Statistical detection of water quality trends and identification of human interferences are significant for sustainable water quality management. Three key water quality elements (ammonium nitrogen: NH3-N, permanganate index: CODMn and dissolved oxygen: DO) at 18 monitoring stations were selected to analyze their spatio-temporal variations in the highly disturbed Huai River Basin using seasonal Mann-Kendall test and Moran's I method. Relationship between surrounding water environment and anthropogenic activities (point source emission, land use) was investigated by regression analysis. The results indicated that water environment was significantly improved on the whole from 1994 to 2005. CODMn and NH3-N concentrations decreased at half of the stations, and DO concentration increased significantly at 39% (7/18) stations. The high pollution cluster centers for both NH3-N and CODMn were in the middle stream of Shaying River and Guo River in the 2000s. Water quality of Huai River Basin was mainly influenced by point source pollution emission, flows regulated by dams, water temperature and land use variations and so on. This study was expected to provide insights into water quality evolution and foundations for water quality management in Huai River Basin, and scientific references for the implementation of water pollution prevention in China." ]

[ "In recent decades, rapid development of industrialization and urbanization caused adverse impact on the aqueous ecology and environment of the Huaihe River basin, China. In this work, three 210Pb-dated sediment cores extracted from the middle reach of Huaihe River in Anhui Province, China were analyzed to elucidate the temporal trends and sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Source diagnostics indicated that commercial Deca-BDE, Penta-BDE and Octa-BDE products and debromination of higher brominated BDE compounds were likely the PBDE sources in the Huaihe River. The prevalence of BDE-47 in the sediment cores was attributed to the extensive use of commercial Bromkal 70-5DE and Bromkal DE-71 in the region. BDE-28 was another congener that was prevalent in all sediment samples, suggesting that reductive debromination occurred in the sediments. Dramatic increase of PBDE concentrations in both three cores since the post-1980s could be attributed to the rapid expansion of production of electronic and telecommunication equipment and household usage in China. PBDE temporal trends in core S1 located at rural area mainly reflected the regional and national inputs deriving from long distance atmospheric transport, and the positive correlations between PBDE concentration in core S1 and gross domestic product (GDP) and household appliances production volumes (HPVs) were observed. PBDE inputs at site S3 mainly include the transport of contaminated water and re-suspended fine sediment particles from the upstream site S2, which was located in the industrial area and adjacent to e-waste recycling area. The government efforts to protect the environment and improve the e-waste management resulted in the progressive decrease trends in PBDE concentrations in cores S2 and S3.", "Water quality assessment and monitoring is one of the most important aspects for ensuring a good environmental health. A Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the most frequently used tools for assessing overall quality of water resources. This study uses Factor Analysis (FA) for one of the most significant steps in WQI development - weight determination. Factor analysis has been applied to the water quality parameters shortlisted from Principal Component Analysis in the study area and it grouped the parameters into different sets of loadings. Each loading contained a group of parameters contributing to the overall variance addressed by that loading. Weights were allocated to each loading as well as to individual parameters within each loading. For final aggregation, a hybrid method was followed; where weighted harmonic means were estimated for the parameters within each loading and weighted arithmetic mean was estimated from the results of harmonic mean. The use of multivariate statistical technique reduces the subjectivity in the development of the final WQI and makes the current study a useful step in future for the development of a Ganga Water Quality Index (GWQI). In addition to this, the developed methodology can also be used for developing WQI for any water body depending on the availability of historical data." ]

[ "Osteomyelitis is an inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection. Bone infection may occur for many different reasons and can affect children or adults." ]

[ "Polymyositis is a disease of muscle featuring inflammation of the muscle fibers. The cause of the disease is not known. It begins when white blood cells, the immune cells of inflammation, spontaneously invade muscles. The muscles affected are typically those closest to the trunk or torso.", "Causes of osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone usually caused by bacteria. Most cases are caused by bacteria called staphylococcus aureus, commonly found on the skin or in the nose. Why the infection happens. Your bones are usually resistant to infection, but can become infected when:" ]

[ "The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effect of decreaseing cartilage angiogenesis via exposure to crizotinib encapsulated by chitosan microspheres and photo-crosslinked hydrogel, with the goal of evaluating crizotinib as a treatment for osteoarthritis. First, we developed and evaluated the characteristics of hydrogels and chitosan microspheres. Next, we measured the effect of crizotinib on the cartilage degeneration induced by interleukin-1 in chondrocytes. Crizotinib ameliorated the pathological changes induced by interleukin-1 via its anti-angiogenesis function. In addition, we surgically induced osteoarthritis in mice, which were then injected intra-articularly with crizotinib-loaded biomaterials. Cartilage matrix degradation, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 were evaluated after surgery. Treatment with the combination of crizotinib-loaded biomaterials retarded the progression of surgically induced osteoarthritis. Crizotinib ameliorated cartilage matrix degradation by promoting anti-angiogenesis and impeding extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that the combination of photo-crosslinked hydrogel and crizotinib-loaded chitosan microspheres might represent a promising strategy for osteoarthritis treatment." ]

[ "Angiogenesis plays a major role in the normal embryonic development and in diseases such as cancer. Drugs that control angiogenesis are an alternative way to tackle this disease. The polyphenols usnic acid (3), genistein (5), and daidzein (6) were tested for antiangiogenic and unwanted effects in zebrafish embryos whose blood vessel system resembles that of mammals. The established tyrosine kinase inhibitors axitinib (1) and tyrphostin AG490 (2) were included for comparison. All compounds except 6 caused distinct antiangiogenic effects such as a concentration-dependent reduction of intersegmental vessels, dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels, subintestinal veins and secondary sprouts. As side effects, pericardial oedema and the impairment of blood flow were observed. Usnic acid (3), genistein (5) and Cu(II)-genisteinate (7) gave rise to a curvature of the spine. Compounds 5 and 7 also induced cell death in the head of the embryos at higher doses. All effects were more pronounced when the compounds had been applied at an early stage (24 hpf) rather than at 48 hpf. The copper complexes 4 and 7 showed a stronger antiangiogenic effect than the free ligands 3 and 5. The genistein complex 7 was antiangiogenic at doses so low that side effects were tolerable, and thus it may be a potential anticancer drug candidate.", "Peptide analogues derived from bioactive hormones such as somatostatin or certain growth factors have great potential as angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer applications. In an attempt to combat emerging drug resistance many FDA-approved anti-angiogenesis therapies are co-administered with cytotoxic drugs as a combination therapy to target multiple signaling pathways of cancers. However, cancer therapies often encounter limiting factors such as high toxicities and side effects. Here, we combined two anti-angiogenic epitopes that act on different pathways of angiogenesis into a single non-toxic cyclic peptide framework, namely MCoTI-II (Momordica cochinchinensis trypsin inhibitor-II), and subsequently assessed the anti-angiogenic activity of the novel compound. We hypothesized that the combination of these two epitopes would elicit a synergistic effect by targeting different angiogenesis pathways and result in improved potency, compared to that of a single epitope. This novel approach has resulted in the development of a potent, non-toxic, stable and cyclic analogue with nanomolar potency inhibition in in vitro endothelial cell migration and in vivo chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays. This is the first report to use the MCoTI-II framework to develop a 2-in-1 anti-angiogenic peptide, which has the potential to be used as a form of combination therapy for targeting a wide range of cancers." ]

[ "Death can be preventable." ]

[ "unpreventable death," ]

[ "The objective of these studies was to determine the role of ascorbate deficiency in HIV infection in the defective detoxification of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso, the metabolite thought to mediate sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. Fifty-one HIV-infected patients and 26 healthy volunteers were evaluated. Vitamin supplementation histories were obtained, and blood samples were collected for determination of plasma ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, and cysteine concentrations, erythrocyte glutathione concentrations, and plasma reduction of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso in vitro. Plasma ascorbate concentrations were significantly lower in HIV-positive patients not taking vitamin supplements (29.5 +/- 22.3 microM) than in healthy subjects (54.8 +/- 22.3 microM; P = 0.0005) and patients taking 500-1000 mg of ascorbate daily (82.5 +/- 26.3 microM; P < 0.0001). Plasma ascorbate deficiency was strongly correlated with impaired reduction of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso to its hydroxylamine (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001), and during in vitro reduction, the loss of plasma ascorbate was strongly associated with the amount of nitroso reduced (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). Ascorbate added ex vivo normalized this reduction pathway. Erythrocyte glutathione concentrations were significantly lower in HIV-positive patients (0.98+/-0.32 mM) than in healthy subjects (1.45+/-0.49 mM; P = 0.001), but this finding was unrelated to ascorbate supplementation. There was trend toward lower plasma cysteine concentrations in patients (8.4+/-3.9 microM) than in controls (10.3+/-4.3 microM), but this trend was similarly unrelated to ascorbate supplementation. Dehydroascorbate concentrations were not significantly higher in HIV-positive patients (7.4+/-10.5%) than in healthy controls (4.0+/-6.2%), even in the subset of patients taking ascorbate (8.4+/-9.4%)" ]

[ "Background: Infection with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) is still a prevalent problem in Africa.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypocortisolism among patients with HIV and their clinical profile at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria.Method: Three hundred and fifty adult patients with HIV infection were recruited from the HIV clinic of AKTH, Kano. Blood samples for serum electrolytes, and cortisol both before and after the short Synacthen test were taken for estimation. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 20.0 software.Results: One hundred and eight (30.9%) of participants had low baseline serum cortisol levels, while 57 (16.3%) had a low serum cortisol after short synacthen test. There was no significant relationship between the cortisol levels and clinical features of hypocortisolism, WHO clinical stage of HIV, hypernatremia or HAART regimen. There was a negative correlation between the stimulated serum cortisol and duration of diagnosis of HIV, participants BMI and CD4 counts.Conclusion: The biochemical evidence of hypocortisolism was common among patients infected with HIV, associated with a longer duration of HIV infection. However, none of CD4 counts, clinical features or HAART regimen were associated with hypocortisolism.", "Initial investigations demonstrated a deficiency of glutathione (GSH) in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of HIV-seropositive patients. In a recent study, our laboratory was unable to document such a deficiency. The current study was performed in an attempt to reconcile those disparate findings. To determine if ELF GSH decreases over time in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects. Prospective, longitudinal study. Major university medical center. Thirty-three asymptomatic HIV-seropositive volunteers. None. BAL was performed on 33 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive subjects at baseline, 6 months later, and 12 months later. The volume of ELF and the concentration of GSH and oxidized GSH were determined. The concentration of total GSH in ELF was 689.0+/-100.4 microM. This significantly decreased when measured 6 and 12 months later (355.9+/-41.7 microM, and 397.9+/-52.7 microM, respectively, p=0.01, compared with baseline, both comparisons). Significant decreases were also noted in the HIV-seropositive subjects who smoked cigarettes (baseline--762.6+/-142.4 microM; 6 months--373.7+/-45.9 microM; 12 months--459.3+/-73.8 microM, p<0.03, for baseline vs 6 months, and baseline vs 12 months). In nonsmoking HIV-seropositive subjects, there was a decrease in ELF GSH over time, but it did not reach statistical significance (baseline--589.1+/-138.2 microM; 6 months--335.3+/-74.1 microM; 12 months--345.8+/-74.0 microM, p>0.1, all comparisons). The percentage of total GSH in the oxidized form was similar at all three time points (baseline--3.8+/-0.5%; 6 months--3.1+/-0.5%; 12 months--3.9+/-0.9%, p>0.1, all comparisons)" ]

[ "Nonspecific arm pain (NSAP) is a common clinical entity, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate sensory profiles in individuals with nonspecific arm pain compared with cervical radiculopathy and pain-free controls. Forty office workers with NSAP, 17 people with cervical radiculopathy, and 40 pain-free controls were assessed by means of quantitative sensory testing (thermal and vibration detection thresholds; thermal and pressure pain thresholds), tests for neural tissue sensitivity, and questionnaires. Between-group comparisons were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis tests. An exploratory factor analysis was used to determine characteristic features in NSAP. Both patient groups demonstrated cold and pressure pain sensitivity (P<0.003; P<0.05) and neural tissue sensitivity (P<0.001). The NSAP group also demonstrated heat pain sensitivity (P<0.001). Both patient groups demonstrated hypoaesthesia to vibration thresholds (P<0.05), whereas thermal hypoaesthesia was only evident in the cervical radiculopathy group (P<0.05). Exploratory factor analysis revealed pressure and thermal pain sensitivity as the key characteristics of this NSAP group" ]

[ "It has been reported that hypermobile subjects have proprioceptive deficits. However, it remains unclear whether pain-free subjects with hypermobility also have deficits. Ten subjects with hypermobility and nine without hypermobility were recruited following ethical approval and informed consent. Shoulder mobility, joint position sense (JPS) and a reflex of trapezius evoked from arm afferents were compared. There was greater shoulder mobility in the hypermobile group (p = 0.004). There were no differences in shoulder JPS between the groups (p = 0.27), although, the hypermobile group displayed a larger degree of variability (p = 0.014). Finally, there were no differences in the latency of upper and lower trapezius reflexes evoked from arm afferents (p = 0.86 and 0.98, respectively)", "INTRODUCTION: Radiculopathy is diagnosed by needle electromyography, with nerve conduction studies excluding alternative diagnoses.METHODS: In patients referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation of radiating limb pain, we compared ulnar motor amplitudes between those with and without electromyographically confirmed C8 radiculopathy, as well as fibular motor amplitudes between those with and without electromyographically confirmed L5 radiculopathy.RESULTS: Patients with electromyographically confirmed C8 or L5 radiculopathy demonstrated decreased ulnar or fibular motor amplitudes, respectively, as compared to patients without radiculopathy. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy, with areas under the curve of 0.85 and 0.82, respectively. Optimal cut-offs for electromyographically confirmed C8 and L5 radiculopathies were 10.2 mV and 3.6 mV, respectively, with associated sensitivities/specificities of 0.86/0.74 and 0.92/0.60.DISCUSSION: Ulnar and fibular motor amplitudes may have clinical utility in assessing the likelihood of patients demonstrating electromyographically confirmed C8 and L5 radiculopathies with active denervation. The findings may be particularly useful in patients intolerant of needle electromyography. Muscle Nerve 59:561-561, 2019." ]

[ "Ridgefield, Connecticut \"Ridgefield, Connecticut From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ridgefield, Connecticut Town Seal Location in Fairfield County and the state of Connecticut. Coordinates: 41°18′19″N 73°30′05″WCoordinates: 41°18′19″N 73°30′05″WCountry United States U. S. state Connecticut County Fairfield NECTA Bridgeport-Stamford Region Housatonic Valley Incorporated 1709Government• Type Selectman-town meeting• First selectman Rudy Marconi (D)• Selectmen Barbara Manners (D) Steve Zemo (D) Bob Hebert (R) Maureen Kozlark (R)Area• Total 35.0 sq mi (90.6 km 2)• Land 34.4 sq mi (89.2 km 2)• Water 0.5 sq mi (1.4 km 2)Elevation 659 ft (201 m)Population (2010)• Total 24,638• Density 700/sq mi (270/km 2)Time zone Eastern ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) Eastern ( UTC-4)ZIP code 06877Area code (s) 203/475FIPS code 09-63970GNIS feature ID 0213496Website www .ridgefieldct .org Ridgefield is an affluent town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Situated in the foothills of the Berkshire Mountains, the 300-year-old community had a population of 24,638 at the 2010 census. [1] The town center, which was formerly a borough, is defined by the U. S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography2.1 Geology2.2 Climate3 Demographics4 Arts and culture4.1 Annual events4.2 On the National Register of Historic Places5 Government6 Education7 Infrastructure8 Notable people9 In popular culture10 References11 Footnotes12 External links History [ edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ridgefield was first settled by English colonists from Norwalk and Milford in 1708, when a group of settlers purchased land from Chief Catoonah of the Ramapo tribe. [ citation needed] The town was incorporated under a royal charter from the Connecticut General Assembly issued in 1709. [2] Ridgefirld was descriptively named. [3] The most notable 18th-century event was the Battle of Ridgefield on April 27, 1777. This American Revolutionary War skirmish involved a small colonial militia force (state militia and some Continental Army soldiers), led by, among others, General David Wooster, who died in the engagement, and Benedict Arnold, [4] whose horse was shot from under him. They faced a larger British force that had landed at Westport and was returning from a raid on the colonial supply depot in Danbury. The battle was a tactical victory for the British but a strategic one for the Colonials because the British would never again conduct inland operations in Connecticut, despite western Connecticut's strategic importance in securing the Hudson River Valley. [5] Today, the dead from both sides are buried together in a small cemetery on Main Street on the right of the entrance to Casagmo condominiums: \"\"...foes in arms, brothers in death...\"\". The Keeler Tavern, a local inn and museum, features a British cannonball still lodged in the side of the building. There are many other landmarks from the Revolutionary War in the town, with most along Main Street. In the summer of 1781, the French army under the Comte de Rochambeau marched through Connecticut, encamping in the Ridgebury section of town, where the first Catholic mass in Ridgefield was offered. [ citation needed]Main Street, looking south, 1875Main Street, looking south from Branchville Road, about 1906The Ridgefield School (postcard sent in 1909)For much of its three centuries, Ridgefield was a farming community. Among the important families in the 19th century were the Rockwells and Lounsburys, which intermarried. They produced two Connecticut governors, George Lounsbury and Phineas Lounsbury. The Ridgefield Veterans Memorial Community Center on Main Street, also called the Lounsbury House, was built by Gov. Phineas Chapman Lounsbury around 1896 as his primary residence. The Lounsbury Farm near the Florida section of Ridgefield is one of the only remaining operational farms in Ridgefield. [ citation needed]In the late 19th century, spurred by the new railroad connection to its lofty village and the fact that nearby countryside reaches 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level, Ridgefield began to be discovered by wealthy New York City residents, who assembled large estates and built huge \"\"summer cottages\"\" throughout the higher sections of town. Among the more noteworthy estates were Col. Louis D. Conley's \"\"Outpost Farm\"\", which at one point totalled nearly 2,000 acres (8.1 km 2 ), some of which is now Bennett's Pond State Park; Seth Low Pierrepont's \"\"Twixthills\"\", more than 600 acres (2.4 km 2 ), much of which is now Pierrepont State Park; Frederic E. Lewis's \"\"Upagenstit\"\", 100 acres (0.40 km 2) that became Grey Court College in the 1940s, but is now mostly subdivisions; and Col. Edward M. Knox's \"\"Downesbury Manor\"\", whose 300 acres (1.2 km 2) included a 45-room mansion that Mark Twain often visited. [ citation needed]These and dozens of other estates became unaffordable and unwieldy during and after the Great Depression, and most were broken up. Many mansions were razed. In their place came subdivisions of one- and 2-acre (8,100 m 2) lots that turned the town into a suburban, bedroom community in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. However, strong planning and zoning has maintained much of the 19th- and early 20th-century charm of the town, especially along its famous mile-long Main Street. [ citation needed]In 1946, Ridgefield was one of the locations considered for the United Nations secretariat building, [6] but was not chosen due to its relative inaccessibility. [ citation needed]Geography [ edit]This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2014) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.0 square miles (91 km 2 ), of which 34.4 square miles (89 km 2) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km 2 ), or 1.52%, is water. The town is bordered by the towns of North Salem and Lewisboro in Westchester County, New York to the west, Danbury to the north, Wilton to the south and Redding to the east. The town has a Metro-North Railroad station called Branchville in the Branchville corner of town. The Census designated place (CDP) corresponding to the town center covers a total area of 6.4 square miles (17 km 2 ), of which 0.16% is water. Other locales within the town include Titicus on Route 116 just north of the village; Ridgebury in the northern section of town; Scotland, which is south of Ridgebury; Farmingville, located northeast and east of the town center; Limestone, located northeast of the town center; Flat Rock, located south of the town center; and Florida, located just north of Branchville. Geology [ edit]Ridgefield consists of hilly, rocky terrain, ranging from 1,060 feet (320 m) above sea level (at Pine Mountain) to 342 feet (104 m) at Branchville. Its average village elevation is 725 feet (221 m) above sea level. [7] The landscape is strewn with countless rocks deposited by glaciers, and among the town's bodies of water is Round Pond, formed in a kettle left by the last glacier 20,000 years ago. A particularly interesting feature is Cameron's Line, named for Eugene N. Cameron, who discovered that rocks west of the line differed greatly from those east of it. This fault line was formed some 250 million years ago by the collision of \"\"Proto North America \"\" and \"\"Proto Africa \"\", and there are still occasional light earthquakes felt along its length. The line bisects the southern half of the town, running generally north of West Lane, across the north end of the village, past the south end of Great Swamp and generally easterly into Redding in the Topstone area. [8] North of Cameron's Line, the town is rich in limestone. The mineral was extensively mined, and remnants of several limekilns exist today. Also mined here in the 19th century was mica, pegmatite, and quartz. Gold, as well as gemstones such as garnet and beryl, have been found here, and dozens of minerals have been unearthed at the old Branchville Mica Quarry. Uraninite, a source of uranium, is found here, too. Climate [ edit] [ hide] Climate data for Ridgefield, Connecticut Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 71 (22) 77 (25) 92 (33) 95 (35) 97 (36) 98 (37) 106 (41) 103 (39) 100 (38) 89 (32) 82 (28) 76 (24) 106 (41)Average high °F (°C) 36 (2) 40 (4) 49 (9) 61 (16) 72 (22) 81 (27) 85 (29) 83 (28) 75 (24) 63 (17) 51 (11) 40 (4) 61.3 (16.1)Average low °F (°C) 19 (−7) 22 (−6) 29 (−2) 39 (4) 48 (9) 59 (15) 64 (18) 62 (17) 53 (12) 42 (6) 34 (1) 25 (−4) 41.3 (5.3)Record low °F (°C) −18 (−28) −10 (−23) −9 (−23) 14 (−10) 26 (−3) 36 (2) 40 (4) 38 (3) 28 (−2) 19 (−7) 10 (−12) −11 (−24) −18 (−28)Average rainfall inches (mm) 3.76 (95.5) 3.30 (83.8) 4.43 (112.5) 4.36 (110.7) 4.57 (116.1) 4.74 (120.4) 4.99 (126.7) 4.55 (115.6) 4.66 (118.4) 4.89 (124.2) 4.54 (115.3) 4.16 (105.7) 52.95 (1,344.9)Source: [9]Demographics [ edit]See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income Historical population Census Pop. %±1790 1,947 —1800 2,025 4.0%1810 2,103 3.9%1820 2,310 9.8%1830 2,305 −0.2%1840 2,474 7.3%1850 2,337 −5.5%1860 2,213 −5.3%1870 1,919 −13.3%1880 2,028 5.7%1890 2,235 10.2%1900 2,626 17.5%1910 3,118 18.7%1920 2,707 −13.2%1930 3,580 32.2%1940 3,900 8.9%1950 4,356 11.7%1960 8,165 87.4%1970 18,188 122.8%1980 20,120 10.6%1990 20,919 4.0%2000 23,643 13.0%2010 24,638 4.2%Est. 2014 25,205 [10] 2.3%Population 1756–2000 [11]As of the census [12] of 2000, there were 23,643 people, 8,433 households, and 6,611 families residing in the town. The population density was 686.7 people per square mile (265.1/km²). There were 8,877 housing units at an average density of 257.8 per square mile (99.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.12% White, 0.62% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.97% of the population. There were 8,433 households out of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.21. In the town, the population was spread out with 30.6% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $107,351, and the median income for a family was $127,981 (these figures had risen to $125,909 and $154,346 respectively as of a 2007 estimate [13] ). Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $50,236 for females. The per capita income for the town was $51,795. About 1.3% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over. As of the census [12] of 2000, there are 7,212 people, 2,933 households, and 1,994 families residing in the CDP. The population density is 1,125.2 people per square mile (434.4/km 2 ). There are 3,078 housing units at an average density of 480.2 per square mile (185.4/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the CDP is 95.52% White, 0.54% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 2.44% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races, while 2.26% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,933 households out of which 34.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% are married couples living together, 8.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% are non-families. Of all households 28.5% are made up of individuals and 12.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 3.05. In the CDP the population is spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.5 males. The median income for a household in the CDP is $81,179, and the median income for a family is $127,327. Males have a median income of $93,084 versus $47,232 for females. The per capita income for the CDP is $46,843. 3.2% of the population and 1.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.6% of those under the age of 18 and 6.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Arts and culture [ edit]The Western Connecticut Youth Orchestra, formerly called the Ridgefield Symphony Youth Orchestra, has performed at Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall at the Lincoln Center. [14]The Ridgefield Symphony Orchestra began as the \"\"Ridgefield Symphonette\"\" in 1965 with 20 players, only a third of them professionals. It became fully professional by the end of the decade and today has 75 musicians and draws soloists of international reputation. In 1984, Maxim Shostakovich, then a Ridgefielder, conducted a sold-out concert of music by his father, Dmitri Shostakovich, with the composer's grandson, Dmitri, performing as piano soloist. [15]The Keeler Tavern Museum preserves an early 18th-century house that, by the time of the Revolution, had become a tavern and inn. The tavern was a center of community activities, an early post office, and a stop on the northern New York to Boston post road. In the early 20th century, it was the home of noted architect Cass Gilbert. The tavern is open several days a week, offers tours, and has a gift shop. [16]The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum is a leading venue for the world's best contemporary artists. Its exhibitions have attracted national attention and respect. [17] The museum was redesigned and expanded in 2004, and offers many special programs, including concerts. Peter Parley Schoolhouse The Ridgefield Playhouse, opened in December 2000, is housed in the former Ridgefield Alternate High School auditorium, and was remodeled as a playhouse. It is the year-round venue for dozens of concerts and other performances, many by internationally known artists. The Playhouse also shows movies, many of them first-run. [18]Weir Farm National Historic Site, which straddles the Ridgefield- Wilton border, preserves much of the farm of J. Alden Weir (1852–1919), a painter of the American Impressionism style. The property was later used by his son-in-law, Mahonri Young (1877–1957), noted sculptor and a grandson of Brigham Young. The site includes the Weir Farm Art Center and a gallery, and many special events take place there, including shows by visiting artists in residence. Weir Farm is one of only two official National Park Service units in the state. [19]The Ridgefield Conservatory of Dance was founded as the Ridgefield Studio of Classical Ballet in 1965 by Patricia Schuster. In 2002 it became the Ridgefield Conservatory of Dance, a non-profit 501 (c)3 organization. The Conservatory is home to three pre-professional performance companies: the Ridgefield Civic Ballet, The Junior Dance Ensemble, and the Contemporary Dance Ensemble. The conservatory presents The Nutcracker annually at the Ridgefield Playhouse. [20]Ridgefield golf course Thrown Stone Theatre Company is a professional theatre company in town that focuses primarily on new work. [21]Located at the intersection of West Lane and Route 35, the Peter Parley Schoolhouse (c. 1750), also known as the Little Red Schoolhouse or the West Lane Schoolhouse, is a one-room schoolhouse in use by the town until 1913. The site and grounds are maintained by the Ridgefield Garden Club. The building is open certain Sundays and displays the desks, slates and books the children used. [22]Ridgefield's public open space includes Aldrich Park, Bennett's Pond State Park, Brewster Farm, Florida Refuge, Hemlock Hills/Lake Windwing, Pine Mountain, Seth Low Pierrepont State Park, and the Weir Farm National Historic Site. Its public open spaces make up 5,200 acres (2,100 ha), accounting for 23% of the towns overall land. [23]Ridgefield Golf Course is the town's municipal 18 hole golf course designed by George Fazio and Tom Fazio and opened in 1974. [24]The town's largest industry is Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, whose United States headquarters are located in the Ridgebury section of town. In 2006, the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree selected to be displayed in New York's Rockefeller Center for the Christmas season came from Ridgefield. [25]The town also features a skatepark, owned by the town and maintained by the town's parks and recreations service, in which both skateboarding and aggressive inline skating are done. In 2010 the skatepark was rebuilt and expanded as a result of the need to expand the Ridgefield Playhouse parking lot. [26]Annual events [ edit]The Nutmeg Festival on Main Street is in August. It has been organized by St. Stephen's Church and held on its grounds since 1906, when it was started there as an \"\"apron and cake sale\"\" by the Ladies Guild to raise money for charity. [27]The Antiques Flea Market is held every June outdoors on the grounds of the Veterans Memorial Community Center. A local farmers market is held every Thursday during the summer months. On the National Register of Historic Places [ edit]Part of the town center is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as Ridgefield Center Historic District. [ citation needed] The district was added to the Register in 1984 and includes representations of mid-19th-century revival, Late Victorian, and Colonial revival architectural styles. [ citation needed] Noted architect Cass Gilbert purchased historic Keeler Tavern within the district and renovated it for his use as a summer home. [ citation needed] Roughly bounded by Pound Street, Fairview Avenue, Prospect Ridge, and Whipstick Roads, the district was added on October 7, 1984. [ citation needed] In addition to the town center historic district, there are a number of individual properties and at least one other historic district in the town that are NRHP-listed: Benedict House and Shop: 57 Rockwell Road (added 1998) [ citation needed]Branchville Railroad Tenement: Old Main Highway (added 1982) [ citation needed]Frederic Remington House: 154 Barry Ave. (added 1966) [ citation needed]Hugh Cain Fulling Mill and Elias Glover Woolen Mill Archeological Site (added 1985) [ citation needed]J. Alden Weir Farm Historic District: 735 Nod Hill Road and Pelham Lane (added 1984; see Weir Farm National Historic Site, below) [ citation needed]Keeler Tavern: 132 Main St. (added 1982) [ citation needed]Lewis June House: 478 N. Salem Road (added 1984) [ citation needed]March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Ridgebury Road: Ridgebury Road, from intersection with Old Stagecoach South (added 2003) [ citation needed]Phineas Chapman Lounsbury House: 316 Main Street, also known as the Ridgefield Veterans Memorial Community Center [28] (added 1975)Ridgebury Congregational Church: Ridgebury Road and George Washington Highway (added 1984) [ citation needed]Thomas Hyatt House: 11 Barlow Mountain Road (added 1984) [ citation needed]West Mountain Historic District: state road 855 (formerly Route 102) (added 1984) [ citation needed]Government [ edit]Ridgefield has a traditional New England Board of Selectmen–Town Meeting form of government, which is created by Town Charter and approved by the voters. [29] The Charter calls for an annual Town and Budget Meeting to be held on the first Monday of May each year. The following are the elective offices of the Town of Ridgefield: Board of Selectmen, Town Clerk, Town Treasurer and Tax Collector. The following are the elective boards and commissions of the Town of Ridgefield: Board of Education, Planning and Zoning Commission, Board of Appeals on Zoning, Board of Tax Review, Board of Police Commissioners and Board of Finance. The chief executive is The First Selectman, who also serves a legislative function as a member of the Board of Selectmen. The current First Selectman, Rudy Marconi (D), was first elected in 1999. [30]Education [ edit]Main article: Ridgefield School District (Connecticut)Ridgefield has nine public schools and two private schools. The public schools are managed by Ridgefield Public Schools. The six public elementary schools are Veterans Park, Branchville, Farmingville, Scotland, Barlow Mountain, and Ridgebury. Scotts Ridge Middle School (Ridgefield's newest school) and East Ridge are the town's two middle schools. The high school is Ridgefield High School. The high school's teams are called the Tigers. [31]Ridgefield's Roman Catholic schools are St. Mary, serving preschool through eighth grade, and St. Padre Pio Catholic School, serving kindergarten through sixth grade and run by the Society of St. Pius X. Ridgefield Academy is a co-educational, independent school serving preschool through eighth grade, situated on a 42-acre (17 ha) turn-of-the-20th-century estate on West Mountain that was once home to the Congregation de Notre Dame. [32]There are also various preschools and a Montessori school. Infrastructure [ edit]Electricity - Eversource Energy Water - Aquarion [33] serves central and west parts of town (down Route 33 south to St. Johns Road, north along Route 35 to Farmingville, west to the Eleven Levels area and West Lane). Small water companies serve some other parts of town. The water line was recently extended up North Street to Barlow Mountain and Scotland Elementary Schools, a proposal that took years to pass. Telephone/Internet - Frontier Communications Cable television/Telephone/Internet - Comcast Cable in Danbury Local newspaper - The Ridgefield Press Notable people [ edit]Further information: People of Ridgefield, Connecticut Ridgefield has been associated with many people in different fields. A brief summary includes the late actor Robert Vaughn and actor/playwright Harvey Fierstein, who lives in town. Authors have included Eugene O'Neill, Howard Fast, Cornelius Ryan, and Maurice Sendak. In August 2016, the Maurice Sendak Memorial Highway was dedicated in honor of Sendak on Route 35 in town from the intersection of Limestone Road to the intersection of Route 7. [34] Ridgefield is home to American portrait artist John Howard Sanden. Cartoonist Roz Chast, a frequent New Yorker magazine contributor, lives in town as does singer Judy Collins. Conductor Maxim Shostakovich once lived in town, as did Time magazine owner Henry Luce and his wife, Clare Boothe Luce, who was also a playwright and Congresswoman. A notable metropolitan opera singer from the early 20th century, Geraldine Farrar, lived in a house on West Lane. Kurt Waldheim, the former Secretary General of the United Nations, rested in town at the estate of a friend, and Theodore Sorenson, former advisor to President John F. Kennedy, was once a town resident. Ira Joe Fisher, a poet who is also a weatherman on CBS television, lives in town as does veteran newsman Morton Dean and author and journalist Todd Brewster. Curt Onalfo, former head coach of the Kansas City Wizards and D. C. United, went to Ridgefield High School. Silvio Bedini (1917 - 2007) a noted historian of American Science was born in Ridgefield and wrote the definitive history of Ridgefield, Ridgefield in Review (1958). In popular culture [ edit]The 1939 film In Name Only, starring Cary Grant, Carole Lombard and Kay Francis, is partially set in Ridgefield, and the opening shot is of the wooden sign at the corner of Main St. and Branchville Road opposite what is now Jesse Lee Memorial United Methodist Church. [ citation needed]In the 1941 film The Lady Eve, starring Henry Fonda and Barbara Stanwick, Fonda's character hosts lavish parties in a fictional town called Bridgefield, Connecticut, a town full of millionaires, right outside of New York. This fictional town is based on the town of Ridgefield. [ citation needed]References [ edit]Images of America: Ridgefield (1999) 127 pages; 1890s to 1950s. Ridgefield 1900-1950, by Jack Sanders (2003) 126 pages Farmers against the Crown, by Keith Jones. An account of the Battle of Ridgefield during the Revolutionary War. 162 pages, paperback (2002)The Farms of Farmingville, by Keith Marshall Jones, 509 pages (2001)Five Village Walks, by Jack Sanders, 56 pages Ridgefield in Review, by Silvio A. Bedini (1958) Out of print, but used copies often available locally History of Ridgefield, by George L. Rockwell, 583 pages, long out of print The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Records, Volume 36, an index to Ridgefield births, marriages and deaths from 1709 to 1850. Genealogical Publishing Company (2000)The History of Ridgefield, Connecticut, by the Rev. Daniel Teller (1878), 251 pages. Teller was pastor of the First Congregational Church. The Proprietors of Ridgefield, by Glenna M. Welsh (1976)St. Stephen's Church: Its History for 250 years: 1725 to 1975, by Robert S. Haight, 220 pages,Saint Stephen's Church Reaches the Millennium, by Dirk Bollenback, 114 pages, covers 1975 to 2000. Lost in Place: Growing Up Absurd in Suburbia, by Mark Salzman (1996), 288 pages, Ridgefield native reflects on the idiosyncrasies and absurdities of suburban Connecticut life. Footnotes [ edit]^ \"\"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Ridgefield town, Connecticut\"\". U. S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder 2. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved August 11, 2011.^ \"\"Archived copy\"\". Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2010-05-05.^ The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly. Connecticut Magazine Company. 1903. p. 334.^ See Benedict Arnold, a Ridgefield hero for more on his local exploits^ Jones, Keith M. \"\"The Battle of Ridgefield\"\". Town of Ridgefield, Connecticut. Archived from the original on 2010-07-25. Retrieved 2011-12-25.^ [1]^ http://www.maps-n-stats.com/us_ct/us_ct_ridgefield_i.html^ \"\"Archived copy\"\". Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 22, 2011.^ \"\"Monthly Averages for Ridgefield, CT\"\". Weather.com. Retrieved 25 December 2011^ \"\"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014\"\". Retrieved June 4, 2015.^ \"\"Archived copy\"\". Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved November 5, 2011.^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-redo Log=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US0900163970&-format=&-_lang=en^ http://wctyo.org/^ http://www.ridgefieldsymphony.org/rso-history/^ http://keelertavernmuseum.org/^ http://www.aldrichart.org/about/mission.php^ http://ridgefieldplayhouse.org/^ \"\"Working with Connecticut\"\" (PDF). National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 18 August 2013.^ http://ridgefieldplayhouse.org/event/nutcracker^ \"\"Throw Stone\"\". Retrieved January 19, 2018.^http://www.peterparleyschoolhouse.com/Pages/default.aspx^ \"\"iuhd\"\".^ http://ridgefieldgc.com/golf-course/golf-course-info/^ \"\"Archived copy\"\". Archived from the original on 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2015-04-24.^ http://ridgefieldparksandrec.org/membership/skate-park-membership/^ \"\"Nutmeg festival at 100: Ridgefield's oldest fair is today\"\", article by Kathleen Flaherty in The Ridgefield Press, August 12, 2006^ Ridgefield Community Center^http://www.ridgefieldct.org/filestorage/11881/2010_CRC_Final_Approved_by_Voters.pdf^ http://www.ridgefieldct.org/content/50/112/2740.aspx^ http://www.ridgefield.org/pd/Ridgefield/index.html^http://www.ridgefieldacademy.org/Rel Id/606329/ISvars/default/About.htm^ Aquarion^ http://www.theridgefieldpress.com/72391/hometown-hero-honored/External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ridgefield, Connecticut. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ridgefield (Connecticut). Town of Ridgefield official website [ show]Places adjacent to Ridgefield, Connecticut [ show]v t e State of Connecticut [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States Categories: Ridgefield, Connecticut Populated places established in 1708 Towns in Connecticut Towns in Fairfield County, Connecticut Towns in the New York metropolitan area 1709 establishments in Connecticut \"" ]

[ "Westport, Connecticut Follow city-data.com founder on our Forum or@Lech Mazur Westport, Connecticutadd your We are giving away $1200 in prizes - enter simply by sending us your own city pictures! See promotion details and to upload your Westport, Connecticut photos OSM Map General Map Google Map MSN Map41°F8 miles Wind: Calm Pressure: 30.10 in Humidity: 76%Current weather forecast for Westport, CTPopulation in 2010: 26,391. Population change since 2000: +2.5%Males: 12,665 (48.0%)Females: 13,726 (52.0%)Median resident age: 45.3 years Connecticut median age: 40.9 years Zip codes: 06880. Estimated median household income in 2016: $172,933 ( it was $119,872 in 2000)Westport: $172,933CT: $73,433Estimated per capita income in 2016: $101,716 ( it was $73,664 in 2000) Westport CDP income, earnings, and wages data Estimated median house or condo value in 2016: over $1,000,000 ( it was $617,500 in 2000 )Westport: over $1,000,000CT: $274,600Mean prices in 2016: All housing units: over $1,000,000; Detached houses: over $1,000,000; Townhouses or other attached units: over $1,000,000; In 2-unit structures: $596,757; In 3-to-4-unit structures: $548,066; In 5-or-more-unit structures: $383,276; Mobile homes: $270,749Median gross rent in 2016: $1,850. Recent home sales, real estate maps, and home value estimator for zip code 06880Westport, CT residents, houses, and apartments details Profiles of local businesses Matthew E. Maynard, LMFTWestport Glass Company Westport Dermatology Heaven's Best Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Fine Homes CTThe Riverside Realty Group Put your B&M business profile right here for free. 50,000 businesses already created their profiles!Options XUser-defined colors Preset color patterns Most recent value% change since 2k Data: Options Get link Loading data... Based on 2000-2016 data Loading data...123Hide US histogram Races in Westport, CT (2016)23,19184.1%White alone1,6646.0%Asian alone1,4905.4%Hispanic6552.4%Two or more races1780.6%Black alone550.2%Other race alone90.03%American Indian alone Races in Westport detailed stats: ancestries, foreign born residents, place of birth Mar. 2016 cost of living index in Westport: 140.9 (very high, U. S. average is 100)Recent articles from our blog. Our writers, many of them Ph. D. graduates or candidates, create easy-to-read articles on a wide variety of topics. The return of the vinyl: a period of constant growth in sales Apr 2Police officer fatalities: facts and figures Mar 29The vegan lifestyle: Is it healthy or not? Mar 26Measuring seasonality in new housing starts Mar 23U. S. economic growth: gross domestic product Mar 20Discuss Westport, Connecticut on our local forum with over 2,000,000 registered users Latest news from Westport, CT collected exclusively by city-data.com from local newspapers, TV, and radio stations PD: New York man charged for calling in fake bomb threat on trainfrom Washington D. C. to New York. The train was stopped in Westport, Connecticut, where it was searched. No explosives were found. (wtnh.com)The Day - Actor T J Miller charged with making bomb report on train - News from southeastern Connectfrom Washington D. C. to New York. The train was stopped in Westport, Conn., where it was searched. (Photo by Evan Agostini/Invision/AP, File) (theday.com)P amp Z continues hearings on two medical marijuana dispensary applications - Westport News Westport resident and District 3 Representative Town Meeting member Jimmy Izzo spoke at the Planning and Zoning Commission on April 6 in Westport Town Hall in (westport-news.com)Westport, CT City Guides: Accommodations 1Restaurants 8Shopping 3Tours & Attractions 5Ancestries: Italian (11.9%), American (8.9%), Irish (8.0%), Russian (6.2%), English (5.2%), Eastern European (4.6%). Current Local Time: 8:42:38 AM EST time zone Incorporated on 05/28/1835Elevation: 50 feet Land area: 20.0 square miles. Population density: 1,319 people per square mile (low). For population 25 years and over in Westport: High school or higher: 98.6%Bachelor's degree or higher: 76.9%Graduate or professional degree: 38.9%Unemployed: 3.4%Mean travel time to work (commute): 34.9 minutes For population 15 years and over in Westport CDP: Never married: 24.6%Now married: 61.7%Separated: 0.8%Widowed: 5.2%Divorced: 7.7%3,393 residents are foreign born (4.4% Europe, 2.0% Asia, 1.5% Latin America ). This place: 12.3%Connecticut: 14.0%According to our research of Connecticut and other state lists there were 5 registered sex offenders living in Westport, Connecticut as of April 12, 2018. The ratio of number of residents in Westport to the number of sex offenders is 5,517 to 1. The number of registered sex offenders compared to the number of residents in this city is a lot smaller than the state average. Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with mortgages in 2016: $10,544 (0.9%) Median real estate property taxes paid for housing units with no mortgage in 2016: $10,199 (1.1%)Nearest city with pop. 50,000+: Norwalk, CT (4.1 miles, pop. 82,951). Nearest city with pop. 200,000+: North Hempstead, NY (29.9 miles, pop. 222,611). Nearest city with pop. 1,000,000+: Bronx, NY (33.9 miles, pop. 1,332,650). Nearest cities: Southport, CT (1.9 miles ), Norwalk, CT (2.0 miles ), Wilton Center, CT (2.3 miles ), Fairfield, CT (2.3 miles ), Weston, CT (2.3 miles ), Wilton, CT (2.5 miles ), Cannondale, CT (2.6 miles) , New Canaan, CT (2.7 miles ). Single-family new house construction building permits:1997: 45 buildings, average cost: $332,0001998: 62 buildings, average cost: $432,9001999: 90 buildings, average cost: $364,0002000: 76 buildings, average cost: $464,5002001: 66 buildings, average cost: $562,4002002: 69 buildings, average cost: $641,2002003: 115 buildings, average cost: $438,9002004: 114 buildings, average cost: $694,1002005: 114 buildings, average cost: $629,6002006: 94 buildings, average cost: $718,1002007: 93 buildings, average cost: $849,3002008: 68 buildings, average cost: $672,7002009: 32 buildings, average cost: $792,8002010: 63 buildings, average cost: $709,9002011: 72 buildings, average cost: $634,0002012: 86 buildings, average cost: $600,6002013: 103 buildings, average cost: $634,0002014: 109 buildings, average cost: $698,700Number of permits per 10,000 residents Average cost (in $1000s)Latitude: 41.14 N, Longitude: 73.35 WDaytime population change due to commuting: +7,780 (+28.2%) Workers who live and work in this place: 4,215 (34.6%)Area code: 203Crime rates in Westport by Year Type 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Murders0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0per 100,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Rapes0 1 2 1 0 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 1per 100,000 0.0 3.8 7.5 3.8 0.0 7.5 3.7 7.3 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5Robberies6 2 3 3 7 4 7 5 5 2 1 4 1 1per 100,000 22.8 7.6 11.3 11.3 26.2 15.0 26.2 18.4 18.9 7.5 3.7 14.5 3.6 3.5Assaults8 8 6 8 10 22 15 7 11 9 1 4 5 5per 100,000 30.4 30.2 22.6 30.1 37.4 82.7 56.2 25.7 41.6 33.7 3.7 14.5 18.0 17.7Burglaries83 52 48 59 58 72 56 78 89 40 47 51 37 39per 100,000 315.1 196.4 180.5 222.0 217.2 270.7 209.9 286.3 336.6 149.7 172.3 185.3 132.9 138.3Theft373 431 317 249 281 348 270 299 301 271 198 286 229 187per 100,000 1,415.9 1,628.1 1,192.0 937.0 1,052.3 1,308.5 1,012.0 1,097.6 1,138.4 1,013.9 725.8 1,038.9 822.3 663.2Auto thefts19 16 21 11 13 15 11 16 14 7 11 7 10 22per 100,000 72.1 60.4 79.0 41.4 48.7 56.4 41.2 58.7 53.0 26.2 40.3 25.4 35.9 78.0Arson2 0 0 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1per 100,000 7.6 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 11.3 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.5City-data.com crime index (higher means more crime, U. S. average = 277.0) 96.2 93.9 80.5 68.8 76.5 102.9 80.6 85.2 104.0 62.1 46.2 63.8 49.7 49.9 (click on a table row to update graph)City-data.com crime index counts serious crimes more heavily. It adjusts for the number of visitors and daily workers commuting into cities. Crime rate in Westport detailed stats: murders, rapes, robberies, assaults, burglaries, thefts, arson Full-time law enforcement employees in 2016, including police officers: 75 (62 officers ). Officers per 1,000 residents here: 2.20US average: 2.05This place's Wikipedia profile Westport tourist attractions: Earthplace Sherwood Island State Park Westport Country Playhouse The Westport Inn Westport, Connecticut accommodation & food services, waste management - Economy and Business Data Unemployment in September 2015: Here: 4.8%Connecticut: 5.1%Unemployment by year (%)Most common industries in 2016 (%)Males Females Finance and insurance (29%)Professional, scientific, and technical services (17%)Retail trade (7%)Health care and social assistance (6%)Manufacturing (5%)Administrative and support and waste management services (5%)Wholesale trade (4%)Educational services (17%)Health care and social assistance (15%)Professional, scientific, and technical services (15%)Finance and insurance (12%)Retail trade (7%)Real estate and rental and leasing (6%)Other services, except public administration (6%)Most common occupations in 2016 (%)Males Females Management occupations (27%)Sales and related occupations (18%)Business and financial operations occupations (12%)Legal occupations (6%)Office and administrative support occupations (5%)Computer and mathematical occupations (4%)Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and other technical occupations (4%)Education, training, and library occupations (14%)Management occupations (13%)Sales and related occupations (13%)Business and financial operations occupations (12%)Office and administrative support occupations (12%)Health diagnosing and treating practitioners and other technical occupations (7%)Personal care and service occupations (6%)Work and jobs in Westport: detailed stats about occupations, industries, unemployment, workers, commute Average climate in Westport, Connecticut Based on data reported by over 4,000 weather stations Tornado activity: Westport-area historical tornado activity is slightly below Connecticut state average. It is 41% smaller than the overall U. S. average. On 7/10/1989, a category F4 ( max. wind speeds 207-260 mph) tornado 25.8 miles away from the Westport place center injured 40 people and caused between $50,000,000 and $500,000,000 in damages. On 5/24/1962, a category F3 ( max. wind speeds 158-206 mph) tornado 30.9 miles away from the place center killed one person and injured 50 people and caused between $500,000 and $5,000,000 in damages. Earthquake activity: Westport-area historical earthquake activity is near Connecticut state average. It is 88% smaller than the overall U. S. average. On 10/7/1983 at 10:18:46, a magnitude 5.3 (5.1 MB, 5.3 LG, 5.1 ML, Class: Moderate, Intensity: VI - VII) earthquake occurred 201.1 miles away from the city center On 4/20/2002 at 10:50:47, a magnitude 5.2 (5.2 MB, 4.2 MS, 5.2 MW, 5.0 MW, Depth: 6.8 mi) earthquake occurred 232.3 miles away from Westport center On 1/16/1994 at 01:49:16, a magnitude 4.6 (4.6 MB, 4.6 LG, Depth: 3.1 mi, Class: Light, Intensity: IV - V) earthquake occurred 151.4 miles away from the city center On 1/19/1982 at 00:14:42, a magnitude 4.7 (4.5 MB, 4.7 MD, 4.5 LG) earthquake occurred 186.3 miles away from the city center On 8/22/1992 at 12:20:32, a magnitude 4.8 (4.8 MB, 3.8 MS, 4.7 LG, Depth: 6.2 mi) earthquake occurred 213.3 miles away from Westport center On 6/17/1991 at 08:53:16, a magnitude 4.1 (4.0 MB, 4.0 LG, Depth: 3.1 mi) earthquake occurred 123.7 miles away from the city center Magnitude types: regional Lg-wave magnitude (LG), body-wave magnitude (MB), duration magnitude (MD), local magnitude (ML), surface-wave magnitude (MS), moment magnitude (MW)Natural disasters: The number of natural disasters in Fairfield County (24) is a lot greater than the US average (13). Major Disasters (Presidential) Declared: 13 Emergencies Declared: 11 Causes of natural disasters: Storms: 6, Floods: 5, Hurricanes: 5, Snowstorms: 4, Blizzards: 3, Snows: 3, Winter Storms: 3, Tropical Storms: 2, Snowfall: 1, Wind: 1 (Note: Some incidents may be assigned to more than one category). Birthplace of: Alexander Mc Cormick Sturm - Manufacturing businesspeople, David Marshall Grant - Film actor, James Lloyd Breck - Episcopal priest, Kerri Kenney-Silver - Comedian, Paul Lieberstein - Screenwriter, Steve Miner - Film actor, Charlie Reiter - Soccer player, Parker Kligerman - Stock car racing driver, Gerald Levinson - Composer, Hezekiah Allen - Baseball player. Main business address for: FIRST AVIATION SERVICES INC ( AIRCRAFT ENGINES & ENGINE PARTS ), TEREX CORP ( INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS TRACTORS TRAILERS & STACKERS ), NCT GROUP INC ( MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES ), IWT TESORO CORP ( WHOLESALE-DURABLE GOODS ). Hospitals and medical centers in Westport: WESTPORT HEALTH CARE CTR (1 BURR RD)Other hospitals and medical centers near Westport: LEA MANOR CONV HOME (Nursing Home, about 3 miles away; NORWALK, CT)CONSTELLATION HOME CARE (Home Health Center, about 4 miles away; NORWALK, CT)AURORA SENIOR LIVING OF NORWALK (Nursing Home, about 4 miles away; NORWALK, CT)CONNECTICUT HEALTH OF SOUTHPORT, LLC (Nursing Home, about 4 miles away; SOUTHPORT, CT)VISITING NURSE AND HOSPICE OF FAIRFIELD COUNTY, INC (Home Health Center, about 4 miles away; NORWALK, CT)PARADIGM HEALTHCARE CENTER OF NORWALK, LLC (Nursing Home, about 4 miles away; NORWALK, CT)NORWALK HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION Acute Care Hospitals (about 5 miles away; NORWALK, CT)Political contributions by individuals in Westport, CTAmtrak stations near Westport:9 miles: BRIDGEPORT (525 WATER ST.). Services: fully wheelchair accessible, enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public payphones, snack bar, paid short-term parking, paid long-term parking, call for car rental service, taxi stand, intercity bus service, public transit connection.12 miles: STAMFORD (WASHINGTON BLVD. & E. STATE ST.). Services: ticket office, fully wheelchair accessible, enclosed waiting area, public restrooms, public payphones, snack bar, ATM, paid short-term parking, paid long-term parking, call for car rental service, taxi stand, public transit connection. College/University in Westport: Connecticut Center for Massage Therapy-Westport ( Full-time enrollment: 257; Location: 25 Sylvan Rd South; Private, for-profit; Website: www.ccmt.edu)Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Westport: Fairfield University ( about 6 miles; Fairfield, CT; Full-time enrollment: 4,640)Norwalk Community College ( about 6 miles; Norwalk, CT; FT enrollment: 4,085)Sacred Heart University ( about 9 miles; Fairfield, CT; FT enrollment: 5,650)University of Bridgeport ( about 9 miles; Bridgeport, CT; FT enrollment: 3,708)Housatonic Community College ( about 9 miles; Bridgeport, CT; FT enrollment: 3,677)Porter and Chester Institute of Stratford ( about 11 miles; Stratford, CT; FT enrollment: 2,822)Western Connecticut State University ( about 19 miles; Danbury, CT; FT enrollment: 5,345)Public high school in Westport: STAPLES HIGH SCHOOL ( Students: 1,131, Location: 70 NORTH AVENUE, Grades: 9-12)Private high schools in Westport: PIERREPONT SCHOOL ( Students: 83, Location: 1 SYLVAN RD N, Grades: KG-12)SETON ACADEMY ( Students: 14, Location: 47 LONG LOTS RD, Grades: 7-12)Public elementary/middle schools in Westport: BEDFORD MIDDLE SCHOOL ( Students: 803, Location: 88 NORTH AVENUE, Grades: 6-8)LONG LOTS SCHOOL ( Students: 685, Location: 13 HYDE LANE, Grades: KG-5)COLEYTOWN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ( Students: 601, Location: 65 EASTON ROAD, Grades: KG-5)GREEN'S FARMS SCHOOL ( Students: 592, Location: 17 MORNINGSIDE DRIVE SOUTH, Grades: KG-5)SAUGATUCK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ( Students: 569, Location: 170 RIVERSIDE AVENUE, Grades: KG-5)KING'S HIGHWAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ( Students: 558, Location: 125 POST ROAD WEST, Grades: KG-5)COLEYTOWN MIDDLE SCHOOL ( Students: 506, Location: 255 NORTH AVENUE, Grades: 6-8)See full list of schools located in Westport Library in Westport: WESTPORT PUBLIC LIBRARY ( Operating income: $4,802,081; Location: ARNOLD BERNHARD PLAZA; 197,911 books; 268 e-books; 11,308 audio materials; 17,121 video materials; 17 local licensed databases; 30 state licensed databases; 366 print serial subscriptions)Click to draw/clear place borders Notable locations in Westport: Saugatuck Harbor Yacht Club (A), Westport Station (B), Birchwood Country Club (C), Greens Farm Station (D), Birchwood Country Club (E), Hall-Brooke Hospital Professional Library (F), Arts Center (G), Westport Town Hall (H), Westport Nature Center (I), Westport Historical Society Library (J), Roinick Observatory (K), Nature Center for Environmental Activities Library (L), Mid Fairfield Youth Museum (M), Westport Emergency Medical Services (N), Westport Fire Department Coleytown Station (O), Westport Fire Department Greens Farms (P), Westport Fire Department Saugatuck Station (Q), Westport Fire Department Headquarters (R), Westport Town Fire Marshal's Office (S). Display/hide their locations on the map Shopping Centers: Westport Shopping Center (1), Westport Plaza Shopping Center (2), The Market Place Shopping Center (3), Scanlet Square Shopping Center (4), Playhouse Square Shopping Center (5), Playhouse Plaza Shopping Center (6), Jennings Plaza Shopping Center (7), Imperial Plaza Shopping Center (8), Greens Farms Plaza Shopping Center (9). Display/hide their locations on the map Main business address in Westport include: FIRST AVIATION SERVICES INC (A), TEREX CORP (B), NCT GROUP INC (C), IWT TESORO CORP (D). Display/hide their locations on the map Churches in Westport include: Christ and Holy Trinity Church (A), First Church of Christ Scientist (B), Greens Farms Congregational Church (C), Saint Luke Church (D), Saint Paul Lutheran Church (E), Temple Israel (F), Unitarian Church in Westport (G), Assumption Church (H). Display/hide their locations on the map Cemeteries: Colonial Cemetery (1), Saint Marys Cemetery (2), Willowbrook Cemetery (3), Poplar Plains Cemetery (4). Display/hide their locations on the map Lakes and reservoirs: Bermuda Lagoon (A), Nash Pond (B), Sherwood Millpond (C), Bulkley Pond (D), Lee Pond (E), Nash Pond (F). Display/hide their locations on the map Streams, rivers, and creeks: Muddy Brook (A), Poplar Plains Brook (B), Silver Brook (C), Aspetuck River (D), West Branch Saugatuck River (E), Deadman Brook (F), Greens Farms Brook (G), Indian River (H), Ivy Brook (I). Display/hide their locations on the map Parks in Westport include: Doubleday Field (1), Westport Longshore Club Park (2), Sherwood Island State Park (3), Compo-Owenoke Historic District (4), Gault Park (5), Grace Salmon Memorial Park (6), Imperial Park (7), Town Hall Playground (8). Display/hide their locations on the map Beaches: Burial Hill Beach (A), Alvord Beach (B). Display/hide their locations on the map Tourist attractions: Earthplace Nursery School (Museums; 10 Woodside Lane), Nature Center for Environmental Activities (Museums; 10 Woodside Lane), Westport Astronomical Society (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 182 Bayberry Lane), Rolnick Observatory (Cultural Attractions- Events- & Facilities; 182 Bayberry Lane), Dattco (Tours & Charters; 304 Post Road East), Atlanticgolf (Tours & Charters; 237 Post Rd W). Hotels: Inn at Longshore (260 Compo Road South Suite 3), Inn at National Hall (2 Post Road West), Westport Inn (1595 Post Road East), Premier Residence Limited Partners (Post Office Box 2209). Court: Westport Town - Probate Court (110 Myrtle Avenue). Fairfield County has a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 p Ci/L (pico curies per liter) - Highest Potential Air pollution and air quality trends (lower is better)AQI CO NO 2SO 2Ozone PM 10PM 2.5Air Quality Index (AQI) level in 2013 was 104. This is worse than average. City: 104U. S.: 75Percentage of residents living in poverty in 2016: 4.4% (3.7% for White Non-Hispanic residents, 18.0% for Black residents, 16.7% for Hispanic or Latino residents, 25.8% for other race residents, 1.0% for two or more races residents)Detailed information about poverty and poor residents in Westport, CTAverage household size: This place: 2.7 people Connecticut: 2.5 people Percentage of family households: This place: 75.6%Whole state: 66.3%Percentage of households with unmarried partners: This place: 3.3%Whole state: 6.6%Likely homosexual households (counted as self-reported same-sex unmarried-partner households)Lesbian couples: 0.4% of all households Gay men: 0.4% of all households People in group quarters in Westport in 2010:173 people in nursing facilities/skilled-nursing facilities32 people in emergency and transitional shelters (with sleeping facilities) for people experiencing homelessness14 people in other noninstitutional facilities7 people in residential treatment centers for juveniles (non-correctional)6 people in group homes for juveniles (non-correctional)6 people in group homes intended for adults5 people in residential treatment centers for adults2 people in workers' group living quarters and job corps centers People in group quarters in Westport in 2000:113 people in nursing homes56 people in mental (psychiatric) hospitals or wards37 people in other noninstitutional group quarters18 people in homes for the mentally retarded7 people in other group homes6 people in other workers' dormitories Banks with most branches in Westport (2011 data): People's United Bank: Westport Branch, White Birch Plaza Branch, Greens Farm Stop And Shop Branch, Green Farms Branch. Info updated 2012/02/16: Bank assets: $27,319.3 mil, Deposits: $20,835.4 mil, headquarters in Bridgeport, CT, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 374 total offices Bank of America, National Association: One Gorham Island Branch, Westport Branch, Westport Branch, East Westport Branch. Info updated 2009/11/18: Bank assets: $1,451,969.3 mil, Deposits: $1,077,176.8 mil, headquarters in Charlotte, NC, positive income, 5782 total offices, Holding Company: Bank Of America Corporation TD Bank, National Association: Westport/Downtown Office Branch, Norwalk/Westport Branch, Charles Street Branch, Greens Farms Branch. Info updated 2010/10/04: Bank assets: $188,912.6 mil, Deposits: $153,149.8 mil, headquarters in Wilmington, DE, positive income, 1314 total offices, Holding Company: Toronto-Dominion Bank, The JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association: Westport Post Rd Branch, Green Farms Branch, Westport Branch. Info updated 2011/11/10: Bank assets: $1,811,678.0 mil, Deposits: $1,190,738.0 mil, headquarters in Columbus, OH, positive income, International Specialization, 5577 total offices, Holding Company: Jpmorgan Chase & Co. Fairfield County Bank: Partridge Hill Branch, Compo Road Westport Branch, Westport Branch. Info updated 2012/01/12: Bank assets: $1,441.4 mil, Deposits: $1,172.5 mil, headquarters in Ridgefield, CT, positive income, Commercial Lending Specialization, 22 total offices Citibank, National Association: Westport North Branch at 880 Post Road E, branch established on 2006/08/14; Westport Plaza Branch at 399 Post Road West, branch established on 1995/02/25. Info updated 2012/01/10: Bank assets: $1,288,658.0 mil, Deposits: $882,541.0 mil, headquarters in Sioux Falls, SD, positive income, International Specialization, 1048 total offices, Holding Company: Citigroup Inc. BNY Mellon, National Association: Westport Branch at 16 Wilton Road, branch established on 1999/09/27. Info updated 2012/02/29: Bank assets: $14,749.3 mil, Deposits: $11,797.5 mil, headquarters in Pittsburgh, PA, positive income, 20 total offices, Holding Company: Bank Of New York Mellon Corporation, The First County Bank: Post Road Branch at 1260 Post Road East, branch established on 1996/09/04. Info updated 2006/11/03: Bank assets: $1,319.1 mil, Deposits: $966.5 mil, headquarters in Stamford, CT, positive income, Mortgage Lending Specialization, 15 total offices Hudson Valley Bank, National Association: Westport Branch at 420 Post Road West, branch established on 2008/09/29. Info updated 2012/03/13: Bank assets: $2,794.2 mil, Deposits: $2,433.4 mil, headquarters in Stamford, CT, negative income in the last year, Commercial Lending Specialization, 36 total offices, Holding Company: Hudson Valley Holding Corp.6 other banks with 6 local branches Educational Attainment (%) in 2016School Enrollment by Level of School (%) in 2016Education Gini index (Inequality in education)Here: 8.2Connecticut average: 12.1Presidential Elections Results1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 20161996 Presidential Elections Results2000 Presidential Elections Results2004 Presidential Elections Results2008 Presidential Elections Results2012 Presidential Elections Results2016 Presidential Elections Results Graphs represent county-level data. Detailed 2008 Election Results Neighborhoods in Westport: ( Westport, Connecticut Neighborhood Map)Cockenoe Island (Cockenoe) neighborhood Coleytown neighborhood Compo neighborhood Compo-Owenoke Historic District (Comp-Owenoke) neighborhood East Bank Historic District (East Bank) neighborhood Greens Farms (Green's Farms) neighborhood Hale Court (Hale Ct.) neighborhood Kings Highway North Historic District (Kings Highway North) neighborhood Mill Cove Historic District (Mill Cove) neighborhood Myrtle Avenue Historic District (Myrtle Avenue) neighborhood National Hall Historic District (National Hall) neighborhood Old Hill neighborhood Owenoke neighborhood Saugatuck neighborhood Religion statistics for Westport CDP (based on Fairfield County data)Religion Adherents Congregations Catholic 404,341 94Mainline Protestant 82,604 175Evangelical Protestant 46,888 242Other 32,501 95Orthodox 9,215 21Black Protestant 4,144 27None 337,136 -Source: Clifford Grammich, Kirk Hadaway, Richard Houseal, Dale E. Jones, Alexei Krindatch, Richie Stanley and Richard H. Taylor. 2012. 2010 U. S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies. Jones, Dale E., et al. 2002. Congregations and Membership in the United States 2000. Nashville, TN: Glenmary Research Center. Graphs represent county-level data Food Environment Statistics: Number of grocery stores: 223Fairfield County: 2.50 / 10,000 pop. Connecticut: 2.21 / 10,000 pop. Number of supercenters and club stores: 5This county: 0.06 / 10,000 pop. State: 0.07 / 10,000 pop. Number of convenience stores (no gas): 76Fairfield County: 0.85 / 10,000 pop. Connecticut: 1.02 / 10,000 pop. Number of convenience stores (with gas): 151Fairfield County: 1.70 / 10,000 pop. State: 2.27 / 10,000 pop. Number of full-service restaurants: 861Here: 9.67 / 10,000 pop. State: 9.19 / 10,000 pop. Adult diabetes rate: This county: 6.5%Connecticut: 7.3%Adult obesity rate: Fairfield County: 17.9%Connecticut: 21.5%Low-income preschool obesity rate: This county: 17.2%State: 15.8%Health and Nutrition: Healthy diet rate: Here: 56.6%Connecticut: 49.4%Average overall health of teeth and gums: This city: 55.6%State: 46.6%Average BMI: Westport: 28.1State: 28.7People feeling badly about themselves: Westport: 18.7%Connecticut: 21.2%People not drinking alcohol at all: Westport: 8.5%Connecticut: 10.6%Average hours sleeping at night: This city: 7.0Connecticut: 6.8Overweight people: This city: 35.4%Connecticut: 34.2%General health condition: Here: 61.4%Connecticut: 55.8%Average condition of hearing: Westport: 79.5%State: 78.7%More about Health and Nutrition of Westport, CT Residents4.37% of this county's 2011 resident taxpayers lived in other counties in 2010 ($105,654 average adjusted gross income)Here: 4.37%Connecticut average: 4.33%0.06% of residents moved from foreign countries ($2,271 average AGI)Fairfield County: 0.06%Connecticut average: 0.06%Top counties from which taxpayers relocated into this county between 2010 and 2011:from New Haven County, CT 0.76% ($52,758 average AGI)from Westchester County, NY 0.46% ($139,328)from New York County, NY 0.33% ($245,665)4.61% of this county's 2010 resident taxpayers moved to other counties in 2011 ($86,064 average adjusted gross income)Here: 4.61%Connecticut average: 4.84%0.11% of residents moved to foreign countries ($4,846 average AGI)Fairfield County: 0.11%Connecticut average: 0.10%Top counties to which taxpayers relocated from this county between 2010 and 2011:to New Haven County, CT 0.80% ($51,822 average AGI)to New York County, NY 0.37% ($103,222)to Westchester County, NY 0.22% ($98,871)Strongest AM radio stations in Westport: WSHU (1260 AM; 1 k W; WESTPORT, CT; Owner: SACRED HEART UNIVERSITY, INC.)WFAN (660 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: INFINITY BROADCASTING OPERATIONS, INC.)WGSM (740 AM; 25 k W; HUNTINGTON, NY; Owner: K RADIO LICENSEE, INC.)WDJZ (1530 AM; daytime; 5 k W; BRIDGEPORT, CT; Owner: PEOPLE'S BROADCAST NETWORK, LLC)WCBS (880 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: INFINITY BROADCASTING OPERATIONS, INC.)WABC (770 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: WABC-AM RADIO, INC.)WMCA (570 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: SALEM MEDIA OF NEW YORK, LLC)WNLK (1350 AM; 1 k W; NORWALK, CT; Owner: COX RADIO, INC.)WOR (710 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: BUCKLEY BROADCASTING CORPORATION)WEPN (1050 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: NEW YORK AM RADIO, LLC)WBBR (1130 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: BLOOMBERG COMMUNICATIONS INC.)WINS (1010 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: INFINITY BROADCASTING OPERATIONS, INC.)WADO (1280 AM; 50 k W; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: WADO-AM LICENSE CORP.)Strongest FM radio stations in Westport: WEFX (95.9 FM; NORWALK, CT; Owner: COX RADIO, INC.)WWPT (90.3 FM; WESTPORT, CT; Owner: WESTPORT CT. BOARD OF EDUCATION)WEZN-FM (99.9 FM; BRIDGEPORT, CT; Owner: CXR HOLDINGS, INC.)WEBE (107.9 FM; WESTPORT, CT; Owner: CUMULUS LICENSING CORP.)WSHU-FM (91.1 FM; FAIRFIELD, CT; Owner: SACRED HEART UNIVERSITY, INC.)WPKN (89.5 FM; BRIDGEPORT, CT; Owner: WPKN, INC.)WKHL (96.7 FM; STAMFORD, CT; Owner: COX RADIO, INC.)WPLJ (95.5 FM; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: WPLJ-FM RADIO, INC.)WALK-FM (97.5 FM; PATCHOGUE, NY; Owner: AMFM RADIO LICENSES, L. L. C.)WDAQ (98.3 FM; DANBURY, CT; Owner: BERKSHIRE BROADCASTING CORP.)WMNR (88.1 FM; MONROE, CT; Owner: MONROE BOARD OF EDUCATION)WFAF (106.3 FM; MOUNT KISCO, NY; Owner: CUMULUS LICENSING CORP.)WEDW-FM (88.5 FM; STAMFORD, CT; Owner: CONNECTICUT PUBLIC BROADCASTING, INC)WKCI-FM (101.3 FM; HAMDEN, CT; Owner: CLEAR CHANNEL BROADCASTING LICENSES, INC.)WPLR (99.1 FM; NEW HAVEN, CT; Owner: COX RADIO, INC.)WKCR-FM (89.9 FM; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN NEW YORK)WMNR-FM1 (88.1 FM; HUNTINGTON, CT; Owner: MONROE BOARD OF EDUCATION)WSLX (91.9 FM; NEW CANAAN, CT; Owner: ST. LUKE'S FOUNDATION, INC.)WKTU (103.5 FM; LAKE SUCCESS, NY; Owner: AMFM RADIO LICENSES, LLC)WQCD (101.9 FM; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: EMMIS RADIO LICENSE CORPORATION)TV broadcast stations around Westport: WEDW ( Channel 49; BRIDGEPORT, CT; Owner: CONNECTICUT PUBLIC BROADCASTING, INC.)WNYW ( Channel 5; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: FOX TELEVISION STATIONS, INC.)WCBS-TV ( Channel 2; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: CBS BROADCASTING INC.)WABC-TV ( Channel 7; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: AMERICAN BROADCASTING COMPANIES, INC)WPIX ( Channel 11; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: WPIX, INC.)WWOR-TV ( Channel 9; SECAUCUS, NJ; Owner: FOX TELEVISION STATIONS, INC.)WNJU ( Channel 47; LINDEN, NJ; Owner: WNJU LICENSE CORPORATION)WTNH ( Channel 8; NEW HAVEN, CT; Owner: WTNH BROADCASTING, INC.)WXNY-LP ( Channel 32; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: ISLAND BROADCASTING COMPANY)WTIC-TV ( Channel 61; HARTFORD, CT; Owner: TRIBUNE TELEVISION COMPANY)W11BJ ( Channel 11; HARTFORD, CT; Owner: COMMUNICATIONS SITE MANAGEMENT LLC)WPXN-TV ( Channel 31; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: PAXSON COMMUNICATIONS LICENSE COMPANY, LLC)WFUT ( Channel 68; NEWARK, NJ; Owner: UNIVISION NEW YORK LLC)WNBC ( Channel 4; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: NATIONAL BROADCASTING COMPANY, INC.)WNET ( Channel 13; NEWARK, NJ; Owner: EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING CORPORATION)WXTV ( Channel 41; PATERSON, NJ; Owner: WXTV LICENSE PARTNERSHIP, G. P.)W27CD ( Channel 27; STAMFORD, CT; Owner: WLNY-TV, INC.)WNYE-TV ( Channel 25; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: NEW YORK CITY BOARD OF EDUCATION)WEDY ( Channel 65; NEW HAVEN, CT; Owner: CONNECTICUT PUBLIC BROADCASTING, INC.)WCTX ( Channel 59; NEW HAVEN, CT; Owner: WTNH BROADCASTING, INC.)WFTY ( Channel 67; SMITHTOWN, NY; Owner: UNIVISION NEW YORK LLC)WKOB-LP ( Channel 53; NEW YORK, NY; Owner: WKOB COMMUNICATIONS, INC.)WEBR-CA ( Channel 17; MANHATTAN, NY; Owner: K LICENSEE INC.)WRNN-LP ( Channel 57; NYACK, NY; Owner: LP NYACK LIMITED PARTNERSHIP)WTXX ( Channel 20; WATERBURY, CT; Owner: WTXX INC.)Fatal accident count (per 100,000 population)See more detailed statistics of Westport fatal car crashes and road traffic accidents for 1975 - 2014 here National Bridge Inventory (NBI) Statistics49 Number of bridges212m696ft Total length$68,000 Total costs1,781,442 Total average daily traffic130,507 Total average daily truck traffic New bridges - Historical Statistics2Before 190011900-190911910-191931920-1929121930-193921940-1949181950-195931960-196911970-197951980-198911990-1999See Full National Bridge Inventory Statistics for Westport, CTFCC Registered Cell Phone Towers:1880 Post Road East ( Lat: 41.137472 Lon: -73.334361), Type: Mast, Structure height: 55.8 m, Overall height: 60.6 m, Call Sign: KNKA363 Assigned Frequencies: 869.040 MHz, 869.040 MHz, 869.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 824.040 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 890.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz, 845.010 MHz Grant Date: 02/05/2008, Expiration Date: 01/22/2018 Registrant: Verizon Wireless, 1120 Sanctuary Pkwy, #150 Gasa5reg, Alpharetta, GA 30009-7630, Phone: (770) 797-1070, Fax: (770) 797-1036, Email:licensingcompliance@verizonwireless.com FCC Registered Private Land Mobile Towers:14 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Private Land Mobile Towers in Westport, CT)FCC Registered Microwave Towers:11 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Microwave Towers in this town)FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers:2 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Maritime Coast & Aviation Ground Towers)FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses:126 ( See the full list of FCC Registered Amateur Radio Licenses in Westport)FAA Registered Aircraft Manufacturers and Dealers:2 ( See the full list of FAA Registered Manufacturers and Dealers in Westport )FAA Registered Aircraft:20 ( See the full list of FAA Registered Aircraft )Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Aggregated Statistics For Year 2009 (Based on 6 full tracts)A) FHA, FSA/RHS & VA Home Purchase Loans B) Conventional Home Purchase Loans C) Refinancings D) Home Improvement Loans F) Non-occupant Loans on < 5 Family Dwellings (A B C & D)Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value Number Average Value LOANS ORIGINATED 11 $581,273 222 $817,545 1,016 $595,746 31 $527,548 40 $825,750APPLICATIONS APPROVED, NOT ACCEPTED 2 $619,000 30 $1,106,133 123 $604,650 4 $457,250 8 $769,750APPLICATIONS DENIED 1 $602,000 35 $908,943 240 $673,108 7 $416,143 21 $569,524APPLICATIONS WITHDRAWN 2 $604,500 26 $730,269 134 $563,261 9 $889,667 8 $730,625FILES CLOSED FOR INCOMPLETENESS 0 $0 9 $756,667 71 $532,113 3 $428,333 4 $431,500Choose year:" ]

[ " - Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. - Hemorrhoids are not dangerous or life threatening, and symptoms usually go away within a few days. - A thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis by a doctor is important any time a person notices bleeding from the rectum or blood in the stool. - Simple diet and lifestyle changes often reduce the swelling of hemorrhoids and relieve hemorrhoid symptoms. - If at-home treatments do not relieve symptoms, medical treatments may be needed." ]

[ " Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is treated with medicines, catheter-based procedures, and surgery. The goal of treatment is to close the PDA. Closure will help prevent complications and reverse the effects of increased blood volume.\n \nSmall PDAs often close without treatment. For full-term infants, treatment is needed if the PDA is large or causing health problems. For premature infants, treatment is needed if the PDA is causing breathing problems or heart problems.\n \nTalk with your child's doctor about treatment options and how your family prefers to handle treatment decisions.\n \nMedicines\n \nYour child's doctor may prescribe medicines to help close your child's PDA.\n \nIndomethacin (in-doh-METH-ah-sin) is a medicine that helps close PDAs in premature infants. This medicine triggers the PDA to constrict or tighten, which closes the opening. Indomethacin usually doesn't work in full-term infants.\n \nIbuprofen also is used to close PDAs in premature infants. This medicine is similar to indomethacin.\n \nCatheter-Based Procedures\n \nCatheters are thin, flexible tubes that doctors use as part of a procedure called cardiac catheterization (KATH-eh-ter-ih-ZA-shun). Catheter-based procedures often are used to close PDAs in infants or children who are large enough to have the procedure.\n \nYour child's doctor may refer to the procedure as \"transcatheter device closure.\" The procedure sometimes is used for small PDAs to prevent the risk of infective endocarditis (IE). IE is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves.\n \nYour child will be given medicine to help him or her relax or sleep during the procedure. The doctor will insert a catheter in a large blood vessel in the groin (upper thigh). He or she will then guide the catheter to your child's heart.\n \nA small metal coil or other blocking device is passed through the catheter and placed in the PDA. This device blocks blood flow through the vessel.\n \nCatheter-based procedures don't require the child's chest to be opened. They also allow the child to recover quickly.\n \nThese procedures often are done on an outpatient basis. You'll most likely be able to take your child home the same day the procedure is done.\n \nComplications from catheter-based procedures are rare and short term. They can include bleeding, infection, and movement of the blocking device from where it was placed.\n \nSurgery\n \nSurgery to correct a PDA may be done if:\n \nA premature or full-term infant has health problems due to a PDA and is too small to have a catheter-based procedure\n \nA catheter-based procedure doesn't successfully close the PDA\n \nSurgery is planned for treatment of related congenital heart defects\n \nOften, surgery isn't done until after 6 months of age in infants who don't have health problems from their PDAs. Doctors sometimes do surgery on small PDAs to prevent the risk of IE.\n \nFor the surgery, your child will be given medicine so that he or she will sleep and not feel any pain. The surgeon will make a small incision (cut) between your child's ribs to reach the PDA. He or she will close the PDA using stitches or clips.\n \nComplications from surgery are rare and usually short term. They can include hoarseness, a paralyzed diaphragm (the muscle below the lungs), infection, bleeding, or fluid buildup around the lungs.\n \nAfter Surgery\n \nAfter surgery, your child will spend a few days in the hospital. He or she will be given medicine to reduce pain and anxiety. Most children go home 2 days after surgery. Premature infants usually have to stay in the hospital longer because of their other health issues.\n \nThe doctors and nurses at the hospital will teach you how to care for your child at home. They will talk to you about:\n \nLimits on activity for your child while he or she recovers\n \nFollowup appointments with your child's doctors\n \nHow to give your child medicines at home, if needed\n \nWhen your child goes home after surgery, you can expect that he or she will feel fairly comfortable. However, you child may have some short-term pain.\n \nYour child should begin to eat better and gain weight quickly. Within a few weeks, he or she should fully recover and be able to take part in normal activities.\n \nLong-term complications from surgery are rare. However, they can include narrowing of the aorta, incomplete closure of the PDA, and reopening of the PDA.", " Depending on the cause, a health care provider treats anemia with one or more of the following treatments:\n \nIron\n \nThe first step in treating anemia is raising low iron levels. Iron pills may help improve iron and hemoglobin levels. However, for patients on hemodialysis, many studies show pills do not work as well as iron given intravenously.2\n \nErythropoietin\n \nIf blood tests indicate kidney disease as the most likely cause of anemia, treatment can include injections of a genetically engineered form of EPO. A health care provider, often a nurse, injects the patient with EPO subcutaneously, or under the skin, as needed. Some patients learn how to inject the EPO themselves. Patients on hemodialysis may receive EPO intravenously during hemodialysis.\n \nStudies have shown the use of EPO increases the chance of cardiovascular events, such as heart attack and stroke, in people with CKD. The health care provider will carefully review the medical history of the patient and determine if EPO is the best treatment for the patients anemia. Experts recommend using the lowest dose of EPO that will reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. Additionally, health care providers should consider the use of EPO only when a patients hemoglobin level is below 10 g/dL. Health care providers should not use EPO to maintain a patients hemoglobin level above 11.5 g/dL.2 Patients who receive EPO should have regular blood tests to monitor their hemoglobin so the health care provider can adjust the EPO dose when the level is too high or too low.2 Health care providers should discuss the benefits and risks of EPO with their patients.\n \nMany people with kidney disease need iron supplements and EPO to raise their red blood cell count to a level that will reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions. In some people, iron supplements and EPO will improve the symptoms of anemia.\n \nRed Blood Cell Transfusions\n \nIf a patients hemoglobin falls too low, a health care provider may prescribe a red blood cell transfusion. Transfusing red blood cells into the patients vein raises the percentage of the patients blood that consists of red blood cells, increasing the amount of oxygen available to the body.\n \nVitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplements\n \nA health care provider may suggest vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements for some people with CKD and anemia. Using vitamin supplements can treat low levels of vitamin B12 or folic acid and help treat anemia. To help ensure coordinated and safe care, people should discuss their use of complementary and alternative medical practices, including their use of dietary supplements, with their health care provider.\n \nRead more about vitamin B12 and folic acid on the MedlinePlus website at www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus. Read more about complementary and alternative medicine at www.nccam.nih.gov." ]

[ "Short term disability (STD) is a type of insurance that pays a percentage of an employee’s salary for a specified amount of time, if they are ill or injured, and cannot perform the duties of their job. Generally, the benefit pays around 40 to 60 percent of the employee's weekly gross income." ]

[ "The California State Disability Insurance (SDI) program provides short-term Disability Insurance (DI) and Paid Family Leave (PFL) wage replacement benefits to eligible workers who need time off work.You may be eligible for DI if you are unable to work due to non-work-related illness or injury, pregnancy, or childbirth.he California State Disability Insurance (SDI) program provides short-term Disability Insurance (DI) and Paid Family Leave (PFL) wage replacement benefits to eligible workers who need time off work.", "And the amount of back pay that a claimant may be eligible to receive will be lessened by the five month waiting period. Special note: for social security disability claims, claimants may also be potentially eligible to receive benefits for 12 retroactive months preceding their month of application." ]

[ "Calories in wholemeal pasta dried 100g. *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. Some of these foods were entered by users and are subject to error." ]

[ "This pasta shape is a straight tube, cut off at each end in an angle. Italian manufacturers tend to use copper machinery to cut and form penne pasta. One serving of penne pasta is 2 ounces, equal to 1/2 cup of dry pasta or 1 cup of cooked pasta. Two ounces of penne contains 200 calories.", "Calories in Mostaciolli pasta cooked-1 cup. *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. Some of these foods were entered by users and are subject to error." ]

[ " Technically Erza and Jellal do NOT end up together though in the anime, they do tend to get close with each other. ... I was quite disturbed when that happened because I truly love the Erza and Jellal ship, but they don't officially end up together." ]

[ " Erlang is a programming language used to build massively scalable soft real-time systems with requirements on high availability. Some of its uses are in telecoms, banking, e-commerce, computer telephony and instant messaging.", " Ezreal and Lux are officially, canonically, in a relationship - League of Legends." ]

[ "Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is a common illness that is routinely managed by physicians from several different specialties. However, the actual diagnostic and treatment preferences of physicians from these different specialties are not known. To determine whether the radiographic evaluation and management of community-acquired ABRS differs according to medical specialty. Randomized survey of 450 board-certified physicians in the United States from family medicine, general internal medicine, and otolaryngology. Responding physicians' use of diagnostic radiography as well as choice and duration of antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments of ABRS. Otolaryngologists were more likely to use supportive diagnostic radiography (P =.04). They were also more likely to treat patients with adjunctive therapy, such as topical decongestants (P =.01), guaifenesin (P =.01), and saline nasal irrigation (P =.01), in addition to antibiotics. Otolaryngologists prescribed more medications to treat patients with ABRS than primary care physicians (P =.01). There were no significant differences in diagnosis and management by family physicians and general internists" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: The microbiology of pediatric complicated acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) has evolved, and our current understanding of pathogenic organisms is limited. The objectives of this study are to describe the incidence of pathogens causing complicated ARS requiring surgical intervention at our institution over a 10-year period as well as their associated treatment outcomes.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: A single tertiary care children's hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were reviewed from all patients who underwent surgery for complicated ARS and had positive culture data from 2006 to 2016. Associations among pathogens, complications, and outcomes were analyzed with Pearson ÷2 and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients met criteria. Complications included orbital infections (78%), intracranial infections (48%), Pott's puffy tumor (13%), and cavernous sinus thrombosis (9.0%). Bacterial isolates were majority polymicrobial (55%) and included Streptococcus species (58%), Staphylococcus species (49%; including methicillin-resistant S aureus [MRSA], 11%), and anaerobic bacteria (35%). S pneumoniae (9.0%), Haemophilus species (4.5%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (1.1%) were relatively uncommon. Bacterial isolates were similar among patients with all types of complications.CONCLUSION: Among a large cohort of pediatric patients with complicated ARS, most bacterial isolates were polymicrobial, with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species contributing to the majority of cases. S aureus species, including MRSA and anaerobic pathogens, were common. The pattern of bacterial isolates was similar among patients with all types of complications of ARS. We suggest treatment for complicated ARS with broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage for Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species including MRSA, and anaerobic bacteria.", "OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of physician assistants (PAs) who practice urgent care.METHODS: Data from national surveys conducted by the American Academy of PAs (AAPA) between 1998 and 2016 were analyzed, comparing PAs who practice in urgent care, emergency medicine, and all other specialties.RESULTS: The percentage of PAs who work in an urgent care setting has nearly doubled in the last 10 years. PAs who work in urgent care see more patients and perform more minor surgical procedures than those in emergency medicine. They are less likely to be newly graduated PAs than those in emergency medicine. PAs in urgent care are less likely than other PAs to consult a physician about their patients in real time.CONCLUSION: The number of PAs practicing urgent care is increasing. More research is needed to further characterize PA practice in this specialty." ]