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biomed_retrieval_dataset

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[ "Diabetes: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), also known as type 1 diabetes, usually starts before 15 years of age, but can occur in adults also. Diabetes involves the pancreas gland, which is located behind the stomach (Picture 1). The special cells (beta cells) of the pancreas produce a hormone called insulin." ]

[ "Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most common forms of the disease, but there are also other kinds, such as gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, as well as other forms.", "Insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas that requires daily insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes. Results from either insufficient insulin release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy." ]

[ "There is still no consensus on the ideal material to be used in craniofacial defects. Autogenous bone grafts are mostly preferred owing to their use with fewer complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the scapular bone graft can be used with equal or more advantages to other bone graft resources in orbital, maxillary sinus front wall, and frontal bone defects. Twenty-four orbital, maxillary sinus front wall, and frontal bone defects were reconstructed with scapular bone grafts. Sixteen patients presented with complicated orbital fractures, 5 patients presented with isolated orbital floor fractures, and 3 patients presented with frontal bone fractures. The grafts were radiologically evaluated 1 day, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively by 3-dimensional computed tomography scan. All orbital, maxillary sinus front wall, and frontal bone defects were reconstructed successfully with scapular bone grafts. Clinical evaluation of the patients at 6 to 24 months of follow-up was considered satisfactory. Minimal donor site morbidity was observed. Scapular bone grafts adapted nicely to the recipient area, and bony union was complete as demonstrated by 3-dimensional computed tomography scans" ]

[ "Previous studies have analyzed the outcome following posterior correction and combined anterior-posterior correction for Scheuermann's kyphosis. Traditionally interbody fusion has been obtained using morselized rib graft. Recently the use of titanium anterior cages has been suggested for interbody use. There are no long-term studies comparing these two techniques. To investigate the potential value of titanium anterior interbody cages compared with morselized rib graft for anterior interbody fusion in combination with posterior instrumentation, correction, and fusion for Scheuermann's kyphosis. Nonrandomized comparison of two surgical techniques in matched subjects. Fifteen patients with identical preoperative radiographic and physical variables (age, gender, height, weight, body mass index) were managed with combined anterior release, interbody fusion, posterior instrumentation, correction, and fusion. Group A (n=8) had morselized rib graft inserted into each intervertebral disc space. Group B (n=7) had titanium interbody cages packed with bone graft inserted at each level. The posterior instrumentation extended from T2 to L2 in both groups", "INTRODUCTION: For the treatment of scaphoid non-unions (SNU), different surgical techniques, including vascularized and non-vascularized bone grafts, are applied. Besides stability, vascularity, and the biological situation at the non-union site are important for healing and the appropriate choice of treatment. We assessed the healing potential of SNUs by histological parameters and compared it to CT parameters of bone structure and fracture location. Based on the results, we developed a CT classification and a treatment algorithm to impact graft selection in SNU surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preoperative 2D-CT reformations of 29 patients were analyzed for trabecular structure, sclerosis, and fragmentation of the proximal fragment. The fracture location was assessed on 3D-CT reconstructions and grouped in three zones depending on the potential blood supply. Samples were taken during surgery for histological evaluation. Histological parameters of bone healing were defined and a bone healing capacity score (BHC), reflecting histological bone viability, was calculated. CT findings were compared to BHC, age of SNU, and time to union.RESULTS: Cases with trabecular structure and without fragmentation showed a statistically significant higher BHC. Time to union was significantly faster if trabecular structure was present and sclerosis was absent. In intraarticular proximal pole non-unions, where no blood supply is assumed, the BHC was statistically significantly lower and time to union was longer compared to SNUs of the other locations. A statistically significant correlation between BHC and time to union was found in the proximal and distal fragment with higher BHC associated with faster healing.CONCLUSIONS: CT parameters of bone structure and fracture location can reflect histological healing capacity of SNUs. This can guide bone graft selection in SNU surgery." ]

[ "Package tour with a Nepali trekking company. This is about the second most popular way to arrange a trek to Everest Base Camp. Prices range per person from USD$1,400 up to $1,700 for an average 12 - 15 day trek. Prices should include: permits, round trip flights from Kathmandu to Lukla, accommodation, meals." ]

[ "Everest’s daunting summit soars so high that trekking to its base camp (17,590') is still an adventure of the highest sort. Join National Geographic on a 14-day Himalayan trek to Everest’s Southern Face Base Camp through some of the world’s most spectacular mountain scenery.Spend two days discovering the historic treasures of Kathmandu.oin National Geographic on a 14-day Himalayan trek to Everest’s Southern Face Base Camp through some of the world’s most spectacular mountain scenery. Spend two days discovering the historic treasures of Kathmandu.", "They then trek another two days to Dingboche, 4,260 metres (13,980 ft) before resting for another day for further acclimatization. Another two days takes them to Everest Base Camp via Gorakshep, the flat field below Kala Patthar, 5,545 metres (18,192 ft) and Mt. Pumori.On 25 April 2015 an earthquake measuring 7.8 Mw struck Nepal and triggered an avalanche on Pumori that swept through the South Base Camp.rom Lukla, climbers trek upward to the Sherpa capital of Namche Bazaar, 3,440 metres (11,290 ft), following the valley of the Dudh Kosi river. It takes about two days to reach the village, which is a central hub of the area. Typically at this point, climbers allow a day of rest for acclimatization." ]

[ "Food Scientist here. Calcium chloride is typically used in high concentrations in pickles to keep them firm (give that desired bite) and also add a slight salty flavor without increasing sodium content. It is also used in potato chips to reduce formation of acrylamide. Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and will dissociate into Ca2+ and 2Cl-. It is used to sequester metal cations. The metal ion complexes with the free Cl-. It has also been found that calcium ions may reduce iron absorption, and is a divalent cation that can form complexes of its own. Calcium chloride can stabilize colors, flavors, antioxidants, and also improve oxidative stability. Fats and oils readily oxidize in the presence of metal ions, so a sequestrant such as calcium chloride is used to form a complex with the metal. Additionally CaCl2 is used to stabilize gels such as those formed with alginate. Another popular sequestrant, or chelating agent is EDTA." ]

[ "(1) Water softeners use an ion exchange material that is reversible, so that after it has been used a while and the ion exchanger becomes loaded with calcium ions, it can be regenerated to the sodium form by flushing with salt (sodium chloride) solution. This would suggest that the affinity of sodium and calcium ions for the resin do not differ that greatly. I would doubt that either kinetic or steric factors count much here either, although a divalent ion like calcium might bind more tightly by being held electrostatically by more than one anionic group on the resin.\n\n(2) I think the primary reason water softeners work is that they typically use the ion exchange resin in the form of a vertical column: you put the hard water in the top and soft water exits at the bottom. When hard water is introduced at the top of the column, a local equilibrium is established between ions in solution and ions bound to the resin, with a somewhat lower concentration of calcium ions and a corresponding higher concentration (at a 2:1 ratio) of sodium ions. As the water moves down the column, this equilibrium is reestablished again, but this time, the concentration of calcium is lower still. This repeats a large number of times, until all the calcium ions are replaced with sodium ions. I have heard this effect referred to as \"mass action\".", "The term "fused" in chemistry generally refers\n\nto become physically joined together\n\nas by melting, adherence or other means of consolidation [1].\nAt an industrial scale solutions containing $\\ce{CaCl2}$ are obtained either as by-products in the production of soda (by the ammonia method) and Berthelot's salt, or by the adding $\\ce{HCl}$ to limewater. Solutions are then evaporated and $\\ce{CaCl2}$ is isolated as a white or greyish porous mass, which is called fused calcium chloride and is generally water-free or contains trace amounts of water.\nTo make it clear, in this case "fused" ≠ "melted", as it's not about melting $\\ce{CaCl2}$ (m.p. = $\\pu{772^\\circ C}$), but rather a physical adhesion as a result of a set of steps applied to calcium chloride solution (or its deliquescent form) of gradually increasing the temperature from $\\pu{70 .. 80^\\circ C}$ to approx. $\\pu{300^\\circ C}$. This results in formation of hydrated forms ($\\ce{CaCl2 * x H2O}$) with subsequent complete dehydration and solidifying above $\\pu{250^\\circ C}$ alongside with minor partial hydrolysis to form $\\ce{CaO}$ and $\\ce{HCl}$.\nFused refers to the fact that this porous mass is granulated, but not dispersed, in order to increase the surface area and improve its dehumidifying ability and at the same time to prevent the salt from deliquescing swiftly.\nReference\n\nfused. (n.d.) American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011." ]

[ "By Leaf Fashion, Style & Personal Care Editor. For a beautiful complexion, combine the benefits of two of nature’s best skin treatments: honey and yogurt. Honey brightens and smooths the skin, while yogurt has properties that help reduce oiliness and refine pores. Here are some ideas for using honey and yogurt for a sumptuous facial mask.", "Honey's natural antioxidant and anti-microbial properties help to protect the skin from the damage of the sun's rays, supports the skin's ability to rejuvenate and refresh depleted skin, leaving it feeling silky soft and supple." ]

[ "It is known to possess anti-bacterial properties, which are particularly useful when it’s applied as a topical agent – i.e. when applied directly to the skin to healp heal burns and wounds. Some varieties of honey even contain bacteria that are ‘friendly’ to the gut and aid digestion.", "Therefore, UMF Manuka honey is used as natural pain reliever for joint and muscle pain, like arthritis, because of its anti-inflammatory components that can penetrate the surface of the skin and reach its healing powers to the affected area." ]

[ "Champix is a prescription-only medicine containing the active ingredient varenicline, which can help you to quit smoking. Champix is a medicine specifically designed to help you stop smoking.It works by reducing the cravings and withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping smoking, making the process easier.hampix (varenicline) works by mimicking the effects of nicotine on the brain thus reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Champix stimulates nicotinic receptors in the brain, which relieves the craving and withdrawal symptoms you can get when you stop smoking." ]

[ "Champlevé is an enamelling technique in the decorative arts, or an object made by that process, in which troughs or cells are carved, etched, die struck, or cast into the surface of a metal object, and filled with vitreous enamel. The piece is then fired until the enamel fuses, and when cooled the surface of the object is polished. The uncarved portions of the original surface remain visible as a frame for the enamel designs; typically they are gilded in medieval work. The name comes from ...", "For the podcast, see The Champs (podcast). For other uses, see The Champ (disambiguation) and Champs (disambiguation). The Champs were an American rock and roll band, most famous for their Latin-tinged instrumental Tequila. The group took their name from the name of Gene Autry's horse, Champion." ]

[ "Strategies for preventing undernutrition comprise a range of interventions, including education, provision of complementary food and cash transfer. Here, we compared monthly distributions of two different lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS), large-quantity LNS (LNS-LQ) and medium-quantity LNS (LNS-MQ) for 15 months on prevention of undernutrition among children 6 to 23 months. Both groups also received cash transfer for the first 5 months of the intervention. We conducted a prospective intervention study in Maradi, Niger, between August 2011 and October 2012. Six and 11 villages were randomly allocated to LNS-LQ/Cash and LNS-MQ/Cash, respectively. Children measuring 60-80 cm were enrolled in the respective groups and followed up monthly. Poisson regression was used to assess differences between interventions and adjust for baseline characteristics, intervention periods and child-feeding practices. The analysis included 2586 children (1081 in the LNS-LQ/Cash group and 1505 in the LNS-MQ/Cash group). This study suggests that provision of LNS-LQ (reference) or LNS-MQ had, overall, similar effect on incidence of severe acute malnutrition (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.67-1.40; P = 0.88), moderate acute malnutrition (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 0.97-1.48; P = 0.08), severe stunting (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.70-1.26; P = 0.69), moderate stunting (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76-1.19; P = 0.67) and mortality (RR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.41-1.65; P = 0.59). Compared with LNS-LQ, LNS-MQ showed a greater protective effect on moderate acute malnutrition among children with good dietary adequacy: RR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.94; P = 0.01. These results highlight the need to design context-specific programmes. Provision of LNS-LQ might be more appropriate when food insecurity is high, while when food security is better, distribution of LNS-MQ might be more appropriate." ]

[ "Early nutritional aggressions promote epigenetic adjustments that culminate in the loss of phenotype plasticity (with permanent long-term modifications). Maternal diet and inadequate neonatal nutrition can result in fetal programming that presents susceptibility to infections in adult life. Thus, it becomes essential to verify the impacts of neonatal malnutrition (even following nutritional replacement) on the immunological response to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Male rats were divided into two distinct groups: Nourished and Malnourished. After isolation of mononuclear cells, four systems were established: negative control, positive control and two testing systems, (MSSA and MRSA). Tests were performed to analyze expression of TLR-9, NF-kB, IL-1, IL-18 and IL-33. For statistical analysis, we used the Student t and ANOVA tests p < 0.05. Even after nutritional replacement, malnutrition in the neonatal period compromised the animals' weight gains p < 0.05. There was a reduction in the expression of the immunological response in the positive control, however deregulation was observed in the gene expression of MRSA-infected macrophages, with a reduction in TLR-9 expression, and overexpression in NF-kB and cytokines p < 0.05. Puppies inflicted with protein-calorie malnutrition were compromised; (long-term) body growth and immune response. In the infectious scenario, immune collapse is reflected in inflammatory response exacerbation with a likely histolytic character. Immune disabling (resulting from gene expression deregulation) causes susceptibility to infections due to ineffective recognition, intense pro-inflammatory mediation, and cell death. It is suggested that neonatal malnutrition can program susceptibility to multiresistant bacterial infections, and generally favors a triggering of more intense confrontations with fatal outcomes.", "Although the management of malnutrition is a priority in older people, this population shows a resistance to refeeding. Fresh bee pollen contains nutritional substances of interest for malnourished people. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fresh bee pollen supplementation on refeeding efficiency in old malnourished rats. Male 22-month-old Wistar rats were undernourished by reducing food intake for 12 weeks. The animals were then renourished for three weeks with the same diet supplemented with 0%, 5% or 10% of fresh monofloral bee pollen. Due to changes in both lean mass and fat mass, body weight decreased during malnutrition and increased after refeeding with no between-group differences (p < 0.0001). Rats refed with the fresh bee pollen-enriched diets showed a significant increase in muscle mass compared to restricted rats (p < 0.05). The malnutrition period reduced the muscle protein synthesis rate and mTOR/p70S6kinase/4eBP1 activation, and only the 10%-pollen diet was able to restore these parameters. Mitochondrial activity was depressed with food restriction and was only improved by refeeding with the fresh bee pollen-containing diets. In conclusion, refeeding diets that contain fresh monofloral bee pollen improve muscle mass and metabolism in old, undernourished rats." ]

[ "Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) is caused by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. The disease is commonly found in tropical and subtropical areas such as Southeast India, Guyana, and New Guinea. However, it can sometimes occur in the United States, typically in the Southeast. There are about 100 cases reported per year in the United States. The disease spreads mostly through vaginal or anal intercourse. Very rarely, it spreads during oral sex.\nMen are affected more than twice as often as women. Most infections occur in people ages 20-40. The disease is rarely seen in children or the elderly." ]

[ "Life Threatening Causes Alcohol abuse Cardiovascular disease Chronic hypertension Drug addiction Hypertension Kidney failure Lung disease Pulmonary disease Revesz syndrome Sickle-cell disease Syphilis Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis Common Causes Abnormal cord insertion, Chronic abruption, Confined placental mosaicism, Conjoined twins, Cord anomalies, Fibrochondrogenesis, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Gestational hypertension, Maternal alcoholism, Maternal anemia, Maternal infection, Maternal kidney disease, Maternal kidney failure, Maternal lung disease, Maternal malnutrition, Maternal smoking, Mullerian dysgenesis, Multiple gestation, Multiple pregnancy, Neonatal haemochromatosis, Placenta abnormalities, Placenta previa, Placental insufficiency, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy-associated hypertension, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Uterine anomaly, Uterine malformations, Vertically transmitted infections, Causes by Organ system Cardiovascular Cardiovascular disease, Chronic hypertension, Clotting disorders, Cyanotic heart disease, Gestational hypertension, Hypertension, Maternal collagen vascular disease, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy-associated hypertension, Thrombophilias Chemical / poisoning Alcohol abuse, Alcoholism, Ethanol, Smoking, Substance abuse, Tobacco smoking, Toxin, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis Dermatologic Lethal restrictive dermopathy, Maternal collagen vascular disease, Rubella Drug Side Effect Acitretin Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes Endocrine Congenital hyperinsulinism, Mullerian dysgenesis Environmental No underlying causes Gastroenterologic Celiac disease Genetic 3m syndrome, Achondrogenesis, Atelosteogenesis type 1, Atp6v0a2-related cutis laxa, Beuren-williams syndrome, Bloom's syndrome, Bowen-conradi syndrome, Bresheck syndrome, Chromosomal abnormality, Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome, Chromosome 18 trisomy syndrome, C-like syndrome, Codas syndrome, Coffin-siris syndrome, Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type 1, Congenital rubella infection, Cornelia de lange syndrome, De la chapelle dysplasia, Donohue syndrome, Down syndrome, Fetal akinesia-hypokinesia sequence, Fetal trimethadione syndrome, Fryns syndrome 3, Gracile syndrome, Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome, Hydrolethalus syndrome, Image syndrome, Immunoneurologic disorder, x-linked, Langer-saldino achondrogenesis, Leprechaunism, Lowry-wood syndrome, Marden-walker syndrome, Meckel-gruber syndrome, Neu-laxova syndrome, Nicolaides-baraitser syndrome, Phenylketonuria, Pitt-rogers-danks syndrome, Primordial dwarfism, Rabson-mendenhall syndrome, Revesz syndrome, Russell-silver dwarfism, Say-meyer syndrome, Short syndrome, Taybi-linder syndrome, Tetra-amelia, Torch infection, Trichohepatoenteric syndrome 1, Virchow-seckel syndrome, Williams syndrome, Wolf-hirschhorn syndrome, Yunis-varon syndrome Hematologic Anemia, Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type 1, Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, Haemoglobin bart's, Hemoglobinopathies, High altitude, Maternal anemia, Neonatal haemochromatosis, Prolonged high-altitude exposure, Sickle-cell disease, Zinc deficiency Iatrogenic No underlying causes Infectious Disease Chagas' disease, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital rubella infection, Congenital syphilis, Congenital toxoplasma infection, Cytomegalovirus, Listeria monocytogenes, Maternal infection, Parvovirus b19, Rubella, Syphilis, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis Musculoskeletal / Ortho Achondrogenesis, Arthrogryposis iugr thoracic dystrophy, Atelosteogenesis type 1, Gracile bone dysplasia, Humerospinal dysostosis, Osteogenesis imperfecta congenita, Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2, Pallister-hall syndrome, Primordial dwarfism, Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress 1 Neurologic Aspartoacylase deficiency, Eclampsia, Immunoneurologic disorder, x-linked, Japanese encephalitis, Microcephaly, Phenytoin Nutritional / Metabolic Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Malnutrition, Maternal malnutrition, Poor nutrition, Protein-calorie malnutrition, Zinc deficiency Obstetric/Gynecologic Abnormal cord insertion, Chronic abruption, Confined placental mosaicism, Conjoined twins, Cord anomalies, Fibrochondrogenesis, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Gestational hypertension, Maternal alcoholism, Maternal anemia, Maternal infection, Maternal kidney disease, Maternal kidney failure, Maternal lung disease, Maternal malnutrition, Maternal smoking, Mullerian dysgenesis, Multiple gestation, Multiple pregnancy, Neonatal haemochromatosis, Placenta abnormalities, Placenta previa, Placental insufficiency, Pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy-associated hypertension, Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, Uterine anomaly, Uterine malformations, Vertically transmitted infections Oncologic No underlying causes Opthalmologic Incontinentia pigmenti Overdose / Toxicity Alcohol abuse, Alcoholism, Drug addiction, Maternal alcoholism, Maternal smoking Psychiatric No underlying causes Pulmonary Lung disease, Maternal lung disease, Pulmonary disease, Tuberculosis Renal / Electrolyte Kidney disease, Kidney failure, Maternal kidney disease, Maternal kidney failure, Pyelonephritis Rheum / Immune / Allergy Autoimmune disease Sexual Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Congenital syphilis, Congenital toxoplasma infection, Syphilis Trauma No underlying causes Urologic Urinary tract infection Miscellaneous Codas syndrome Causes by Alphabetical Order 3m syndrome Abnormal cord insertion Achondrogenesis Acitretin Alcohol abuse Alcoholism Anemia Arthrogryposis iugr thoracic dystrophy Aspartoacylase deficiency Atelosteogenesis type 1 Atp6v0a2-related cutis laxa Autoimmune disease Beuren-williams syndrome Bloom's syndrome Bowen-conradi syndrome Bresheck syndrome Cardiovascular disease Celiac disease Chagas' disease Chromosomal abnormality Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome Chromosome 18 trisomy syndrome Chronic abruption Chronic hypertension C-like syndrome Clotting disorders Codas syndrome Coffin-siris syndrome Confined placental mosaicism Congenital cytomegalovirus infection Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type 1 Congenital hyperinsulinism Congenital rubella infection Congenital syphilis Congenital toxoplasma infection Conjoined twins Cord anomalies Cornelia de lange syndrome Cyanotic heart disease Cytomegalovirus De la chapelle dysplasia Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal Donohue syndrome Down syndrome Drug addiction Eclampsia Ethanol Fetal akinesia-hypokinesia sequence Fetal trimethadione syndrome Fibrochondrogenesis Fryns syndrome 3 Gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational hypertension Gracile bone dysplasia Gracile syndrome Haemoglobin bart's Hemoglobinopathies High altitude Humerospinal dysostosis Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome Hydrolethalus syndrome Hypertension Image syndrome Immunoneurologic disorder, x-linked Incontinentia pigmenti Japanese encephalitis Kidney disease Kidney failure Langer-saldino achondrogenesis Leprechaunism Lethal restrictive dermopathy Listeria monocytogenes Lowry-wood syndrome Lung disease Malnutrition Marden-walker syndrome Maternal alcoholism Maternal anemia Maternal collagen vascular disease Maternal infection Maternal kidney disease Maternal kidney failure Maternal lung disease Maternal malnutrition Maternal smoking Meckel-gruber syndrome Microcephaly Mullerian dysgenesis Multiple gestation Multiple pregnancy Neonatal haemochromatosis Neu-laxova syndrome Nicolaides-baraitser syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta congenita Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 Pallister-hall syndrome Parvovirus b19 Phenylketonuria Phenytoin Pitt-rogers-danks syndrome Placenta abnormalities Placenta previa Placental insufficiency Poor nutrition Pre-eclampsia Pregnancy-associated hypertension Primordial dwarfism Prolonged high-altitude exposure Protein-calorie malnutrition Pulmonary disease Pyelonephritis Rabson-mendenhall syndrome Revesz syndrome Rubella Russell-silver dwarfism Say-meyer syndrome Short syndrome Sickle-cell disease Smoking Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress 1 Substance abuse Syphilis Taybi-linder syndrome Tetra-amelia Thrombophilias Tobacco smoking Torch infection Toxin Toxoplasma Toxoplasmosis Trichohepatoenteric syndrome 1 Tuberculosis Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome Urinary tract infection Uterine anomaly Uterine malformations Vertically transmitted infections Virchow-seckel syndrome Williams syndrome Wolf-hirschhorn syndrome Yunis-varon syndrome Zinc deficiency", "Drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DIL or DILE) is an autoimmune disorder, similar to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is induced by chronic use of certain drugs. These drugs cause an autoimmune response (the body attacks its own cells) producing symptoms similar to those of SLE. There are 38 known medications to cause DIL but there are three that report the highest number of cases: hydralazine, procainamide, and isoniazid. While the criteria for diagnosing DIL has not been thoroughly established, symptoms of DIL include fever, elevated blood pressure, skin lesions, and arthritis. Generally, the symptoms recede after discontinuing use of the drugs. \nNote the term \"generally.\" There are reported cases of DIL that do not go away completely after the offending drug is removed.\nWhile this may not be a prevailing illness in this age of heritable and non-transmittable diseases, research on drug-induced lupus could lead to a greater understanding on the immune system. This greater understanding of our immune systems could lead to breakthroughs in many other diseases such as HIV, influenza, and other communicable diseases. Research on this topic also has pharmaceutical implications as to avoid immune reactions from future drugs." ]

[ "BACKGROUND & AIMS: The rs738409 c.444C > G (p.I148M) polymorphism in PNPLA3 is a major factor predisposing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of the study was to clarify the impact of liver and extrahepatic expression of the PNPLA3 p.148M variant on liver graft steatosis after liver transplantation.METHODS: Fat content was assessed in liver biopsies from 176 transplant recipients. During a period of 4  1 years after transplantation, 17 patients developed grade 3 steatosis, 14 patients grade 2 steatosis, 56 patients grade 1 steatosis, and 89 patients grade 0 steatosis. The influence of the recipient and donor rs738409 genotype and clinical and laboratory data on liver fat content were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression.RESULTS: The PNPLA3 rs738409 CC/CG/GG genotype frequencies, respectively, were 0.494/0.449/0.057 in the graft donors and 0.545/0.330/0.125 in the graft recipients. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of the PNPLA3 c.444G allele in donor (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.12-2.33), post-transplant BMI (OR 1.14; 95%CI 1.07-1.22), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.99; 95%CI 1.22-3.22), and serum triglycerides (OR 1.40; 95%CI 1.11-1.76) were independent risk factors for increased liver graft fat content.CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the liver expression of the PNPLA3 p.148M variant confers a genetic predisposition to liver graft steatosis along with nutritional status and diabetes." ]

[ "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of conditions that include steatohepatitis and fibrosis that are thought to emanate from hepatic steatosis. Few robust biomarkers or diagnostic tests have been developed for hepatic steatosis in the setting of obesity. We have developed a multi-component classifier for hepatic steatosis comprised of phenotypic, genomic, and proteomic variables using data from 576 adults with extreme obesity who underwent bariatric surgery and intra-operative liver biopsy. Using a 443 patient training set, protein biomarker discovery was performed using the highly multiplexed SOMAscan proteomic assay, a set of 19 clinical variables, and the steatosis predisposing PNPLA3 rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism genotype status. The most stable markers were selected using a stability selection algorithm with a L1-regularized logistic regression kernel and were then fitted with logistic regression models to classify steatosis, that were then tested against a 133 sample blinded verification set. The highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for steatosis of PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype, 8 proteins, or 19 phenotypic variables was 0.913, whereas the final classifier that included variables from all three domains had an AUC of 0.935. These data indicate that multi-domain modeling has better predictive power than comprehensive analysis of variables from a single domain.", "BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronic liver disease presents a major global public health challenge. Stratification of asymptomatic, at-risk patients in primary care using non-invasive methods has the potential to address this by identifying those likely to progress. We, therefore, evaluated variant alleles at loci associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as genetic determinants of substantial liver injury in patients with disease risk factors.METHODS: Levels of serum procollagen III (PIIINP), an established fibrosis and steatohepatitis marker, were determined in 467 people who had type 2 diabetes and/or BMI>27.3 (identified from registration with general practitioners) in this observational cross-sectional study. Patients were genotyped for characterised risk alleles in PNPLA3 (rs738409), GCKR (rs1260326) and TM6SF2 (rs58542926) and associations with PIIINP assessed.RESULTS: The risk alleles in PNPLA3, GCKR or TM6SF2 were not found to be individually associated with the presence of a disease risk factor and were not significantly more common in patients with raised serum PIIINP. The prevalence of possession of both PNPLA3 and GCKR variant alleles combined was significantly higher in at-risk patients with clinically significant liver disease indicated by serum PIIINP above 11ng/mL (P=.014).CONCLUSIONS: Genotyping, therefore, has limited value for predicting severe liver disease in at-risk individuals identified in a community setting." ]

[ "Pertussis toxin (PT) moves from the host cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by retrograde vesicular transport. The catalytic PTS1 subunit dissociates from the rest of the toxin in the ER and then shifts to a disordered conformation which may trigger its export to the cytosol through the quality control mechanism of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Functional roles for toxin instability and ERAD in PTS1 translocation have not been established. We addressed these issues with the use of a surface plasmon resonance system to quantify the cytosolic pool of PTS1 from intoxicated cells. Only 3% of surface-associated PTS1 reached the host cytosol after 3 h of toxin exposure. This represented, on average, 38,000 molecules of cytosolic PTS1 per cell. Cells treated with a proteasome inhibitor contained larger quantities of cytosolic PTS1. Stabilization of the dissociated PTS1 subunit with chemical chaperones inhibited toxin export to the cytosol and blocked PT intoxication. ERAD-defective cell lines likewise exhibited reduced quantities of cytosolic PTS1 and PT resistance. These observations identify the unfolding of dissociated PTS1 as a trigger for its ERAD-mediated translocation to the cytosol." ]

[ "Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT or CyaA) plays a crucial role in respiratory tract colonization and virulence of the whooping cough causative bacterium Bordetella pertussis Secreted as soluble protein, it targets myeloid cells expressing the CD11b/CD18 integrin and on delivery of its N-terminal adenylate cyclase catalytic domain (AC domain) into the cytosol, generates uncontrolled toxic levels of cAMP that ablates bactericidal capacities of phagocytes. Our study deciphers the fundamentals of the heretofore poorly understood molecular mechanism by which the ACT enzyme domain directly crosses the host cell membrane. By combining molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics techniques, we discover that ACT has intrinsic phospholipase A (PLA) activity, and that such activity determines AC translocation. Moreover, we show that elimination of the ACT-PLA activity abrogates ACT toxicity in macrophages, particularly at toxin concentrations close to biological reality of bacterial infection. Our data support a molecular mechanism in which in situ generation of nonlamellar lysophospholipids by ACT-PLA activity into the cell membrane would form, likely in combination with membrane-interacting ACT segments, a proteolipidic toroidal pore through which AC domain transfer could directly take place. Regulation of ACT-PLA activity thus emerges as novel target for therapeutic control of the disease.", "Pertussis toxin (PTx), the major virulence factor of the whooping cough-causing bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis, permeabilizes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro and in vivo. Breaking barriers might promote translocation of meningitis-causing bacteria across the BBB, thereby facilitating infection. PTx activates several host cell signaling pathways exploited by the neonatal meningitis-causing Escherichia coli K1-RS218 for invasion and translocation across the BBB. Here, we investigated whether PTx and E. coli K1-RS218 exert similar effects on MAPK p38, NF-B activation and transcription of downstream targets in human cerebral endothelial TY10 cells using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA in combination with specific inhibitors. PTx and E. coli K1-RS218 activate MAPK p38, but only E. coli K1-RS218 activates the NF-B pathway. mRNA and protein levels of p38 and NF-B downstream targets including IL-6, IL-8, CxCL-1, CxCL-2 and ICAM-1 were increased. The p38 specific inhibitor SB203590 blocked PTx-enhanced activity, whereas E. coli K1-RS218's effects were inhibited by the NF-B inhibitor Bay 11-7082. Further, we found that PTx enhances the adherence of human monocytic THP-1 cells to human cerebral endothelial TY10 cells, thereby contributing to enhanced translocation. These modulations of host cell signaling pathways by PTx and meningitis-causing E. coli support their contributions to pathogen and monocytic THP-1 cells translocation across the BBB." ]

[ "In neutral aqueous solution, the amino group is protonated (3 bound hydrogen atoms ) and the carboxilic acid group deprotonated (no bound hydrogen atom). In other solvents, you might have both groups in the neutral form the name amino acid suggests.\nThe mechanism of peptide bond formation is complex and involves intermediates with tRNA in the cell and starting materials distinct from amino acids for synthesis in the lab." ]

[ "The answer to this question is actually much more complicated than most textbooks make it seem. There's a great explanation in Abright, Burdett and Whango \"Orbital Interactions in Chemistry\" Ch. 9, which I'll try to summarize here. \n\nAs explained in this answer: Why is the inversion barrier larger in PH3 than it is in NH3?, the lone pair orbital in a planar XH3 molecule would be pure $p$. Thus the bonding orbitals average to $sp^2$. As the bond angle decreases from 180, the loss of symmetry makes possible mixing between that lone pair orbital (originally a pure central atom $p$ orbital) and an anti-bonding orbital involving the central atom $s$ orbital. This \"s-p mixing\" stabilizes the lone pair orbital at the expense of the (empty) antibonding orbital. This mixing necessarily also involves the bonding orbital that involves the central atom $s$ atomic orbital.\n\nIn nitrogen, the low energy of the atomic $s$ orbital and the strong overlap interaction of that $s$ orbital with the hydrogen $s$ orbitals means that the bonding orbital made from the atomic $s$ orbital is quite low energy and the antibonding orbital is quite high energy. As a result, mixing with the $p$ lone pair orbital is less favorable, so less mixing occurs and the angle does not deviate as far from 180. \n\nWith the larger central atoms, the interaction of the $s$ orbital with the hydrogen $s$ orbitals is less, so the antibonding orbital is not as high energy. Likewise, the $s$ bonding orbital is not as low energy. So mixing with the lone pair $p$ orbital is more favorable, and the bond angle deviates farther from 180. The figure below (from Albright, figure 9.9) plots the energy of the occupied orbitals. The lowest line represents the $s$ bonding orbital and the top line the lone pair. \n\n\n\nThe key point here is that more $s$ character is mixed into the lone pair orbital as you move down from NH3.", "Amino acids are molecules that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. (In biochemistry, the term amino acid is used when referring to those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon, plus proline which is not actually an amino acid).\nAmino acids are the building blocks of long polymer chains. With 2-10 amino acids such chains are called peptides, with 10-100 they are often called polypeptides, and longer chains are known as proteins. These protein structures have many structural and functional roles in organisms.\nThere are twenty amino acids that are encoded by the standard genetic code, but there are more than 500 natural amino acids. When amino acids other than the set of twenty are observed in proteins, this is usually the result of modification after translation (protein synthesis). Only two amino acids other than the standard twenty are known to be incorporated into proteins during translation, in certain organisms:\nSelenocysteine is incorporated into some proteins at a UGA codon, which is normally a stop codon. Pyrrolysine is incorporated into some proteins at a UAG codon. For instance, in some methanogens in enzymes that are used to produce methane.\nBesides those used in protein synthesis, other biologically important amino acids include carnitine (used in lipid transport within a cell), ornithine, GABA and taurine.\nThe particular series of amino acids that form a protein is known as that protein's primary structure. Proteins have several, well-classified, elements of local structure and these are termed secondary structure. The overall 3D structure of a protein is termed its tertiary structure. Proteins often aggregate into macromolecular structures, or quaternary structure.\nA metalloprotein is a molecule that contains a metal cofactor. The metal attached to the protein may be an isolated ion or may be a complex organometallic compound or organic compound, such as the porphyrin group found in hemoproteins. In some cases, the metal is coordinated with both a side chain of the protein and an inorganic nonmetallic ion. This type of protein-metal-nonmetal structure is found in iron-sulfur clusters." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The identification of new virus strains is important for the study of infectious disease, but current (or existing) molecular biology methods are limited since the target sequence must be known to design genome-specific PCR primers. Thus, we developed a new method for the discovery of unknown viruses based on the cDNA - random amplified polymorphic DNA (cDNA-RAPD) technique. Getah virus, belonging to the family Togaviridae in the genus Alphavirus, is a mosquito-borne enveloped RNA virus that was identified using the Virus-Discovery-cDNA RAPD (VIDISCR) method. RESULTS: A novel Getah virus was identified by VIDISCR from suckling mice exposed to mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus) collected in Yunnan Province, China. The non-structural protein gene, nsP3, the structural protein gene, the capsid protein gene, and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the novel Getah virus isolate were cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence identities of each gene were determined to be 97.1–99.3%, 94.9–99.4%, and 93.6–99.9%, respectively, when compared with the genomes of 10 other representative strains of Getah virus. CONCLUSIONS: The VIDISCR method was able to identify known virus isolates and a novel isolate of Getah virus from infected mice. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the YN08 isolate was more closely related to the Hebei HB0234 strain than the YN0540 strain, and more genetically distinct from the MM2021 Malaysia primitive strain." ]

[ "A 266-bp fragment of cDNA from within gene B, ORF 2a, of MHV-A59 was used to construct a vector encoding a bacterial/viral fusion protein. Antiserum raised against this fusion protein specifically immunoprecipitates a 30K protein from infected 17CI-1 mouse fibroblasts. The protein is localized primarily in the cytosol and not in the membranes. This is consistent with its predicted sequence and potential role as an RNA binding protein.", "Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), an attractive DNA amplification method, was developed as a valuable tool for the rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, species-specific LAMP primers were designed by targeting the AF146527 sequence, which was a conserved sequence of 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp fragment of T.gondii. LAMP reaction system was optimized so that it could detect the minimal DNA sample such as a single tachyzoite or 10 copies of recombinant plasmid. No cross-reactivity was found when using DNA from other parasites as templates. Subsequently, a total of 200 human blood samples were directly investigated by two diagnostic methods, LAMP and conventional PCR. Fourteen of 200 (7%) samples were positive for Toxoplasma by LAMP (the primers developed in this study), whereas only 5 of 200 (2.5%) were proved positive by conventional PCR. The procedure of the LAMP assay was very simple, as the reaction would be carried out in a single tube under isothermal conditions at 64°C and the result would be read out with 1 h (as early as 35 min with loop primers). Thus, this method has the advantages of rapid amplification, simple operation, and easy detection and would be useful for rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis, especially in developing countries." ]

[ "Inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology, affects the small and large bowel at different levels. It is increasingly considered that innate immune system may have a central position in the pathogenesis of the disease. As a part of the innate immune system, bactericidal permeability increasing protein has an important role in the recognition and neutralization of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of bactericidal permeability increasing protein gene polymorphism (bactericidal permeability increasing protein Lys216Glu) in inflammatory bowel disease in a large group of Turkish patients. The present study included 528 inflammatory bowel disease patients, 224 with Crohn's disease and 304 with ulcerative colitis, and 339 healthy controls. Bactericidal permeability increasing protein Lys216Glu polymorphism was found to be associated with both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (P = 0.0001). The frequency of the Glu/Glu genotype was significantly lower in patients using steroids and in those with steroid dependence (P = 0.012, OR, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.94; P = 0.0286, OR, 0.75; 95% CI: 0.66-0.86, respectively). There was no other association between bactericidal permeability increasing protein gene polymorphism and phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease" ]

[ "Patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) appear to have increased intestinal permeability; it has been suggested that activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) receptors is responsible for this alteration. The aims of this study are to evaluate (1) if rectal (large bowel) permeability is increased in IBS-D and (2) if tryptase plays a critical role in the altered permeability. Rectal biopsies from 20 patients with IBS-D and 30 subjects without the condition (normal controls) were assessed for macromolecular permeability using horseradish peroxidase in Ussing chambers in the basal state and after addition of drugs to the basolateral side. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using colonic biopsy tissues from patients with IBS-D and normal subjects. When tryptase was added to the basolateral (not mucosal) side of normal rectal biopsy tissues, permeability appeared to be proportional to the increase in tryptase concentration (P < 0.05) and was abolished by the addition of tryptase inhibitor (100 μM nafamostat; 1.568 ± 0.874 ng/2 h/mm(2) to 0.766 ± 0.661 ng/2 h/mm(2), n = 14, respectively, P < 0.01). Intestinal permeability in patients with IBS-D was significantly increased compared with controls (0.848 ± 0.0.600 ng/2 h/mm(2), n = 21, P < 0.01). Nafamostat significantly reduced the enhanced permeability in IBS-D (0.934 ± 0.589 ng/2 h/mm(2) to 0.247 ± 0.263 ng/2 h/mm(2), n = 14, respectively, P < 0.05). Transcription levels of PAR2 measured by RT-PCR did not differ between IBS-D and normal subjects", "Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD) are the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because these subtypes of IBD are characterized by periods of activity and remission, an understanding of the modulation of biochemical markers with the clinical features of IBD or its treatment, may be useful for determining the correct treatment protocol.This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 27 protein biomarkers to determine their association with IBD, correlation with clinical findings of disease, and modulation according to the pharmacologic therapy.A case-control study was carried out in Zacatecas, Mexico. The 27 protein profiles of serum from 53 participants (23 UC, 11 CD, and 19 controls) were evaluated using the Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex immunoassay (Bio-Rad).Considering the controls as a reference, the group with IBD endoscopic activity showed higher serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) (P < .05). Interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) was associated with extraintestinal symptoms of disease (P = .041). Both PDGF-BB and interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed the strongest correlations with clinical features of IBD. Levels of IL-6, IL-7, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were higher with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) + Azathioprine therapy than controls (P < .05). Combined therapy with 5-ASA + Adalimumab led to the strongest changes in marker modulation: IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, and PDGF-BB, were upregulated (P < .05).Elevated serum levels of G-CSF, IL-1Ra, and PDGF-BB were associated with IBD endoscopic activity, and of IP-10 with extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. Combined therapy of 5-ASA + Adalimumab produced significant upregulation of IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, and PDGF-BB. This information may be useful for deciding on the course of pharmacologic therapy for patients with IBD and for generating new therapy alternatives to improve the outcome of patients with IBD." ]

[ "Pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock rodent seizure models are commonly used to detect antiepileptic efficacy in drug development. The aim of this research was to evaluate the predictive capabilities of pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock models in estimating human exposures required for antiepileptic efficacy through a survey of current literature. A literature search was undertaken to identify articles describing pentylenetetrazole or maximal electroshock models in rat or mice, where at least one of nine pre-selected antiepileptic drugs based on evidence of efficacy were used. Exposures at the median doses of the approved human dose range for these drugs were compared to exposures at doses that inhibit maximal response by 50% (ED50s) from the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock models. Ratios of the human to rodent exposures were calculated and summarised statistically and graphically. Across the nine antiepileptic drugs investigated, the average (standard deviation) ratio of exposures comparing the median human efficacious dose to mice ED50 dose was 1.4 (3.9) for the pentylenetetrazole model and 3.8 (3.1) for the maximal electroshock model. In the rat, ratios in the maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazole model were 4.1 (2.1) and a range of 1-2, respectively" ]

[ "Network-based approaches in drug discovery comprise both development of novel drugs interacting with multiple targets and repositioning of drugs with known targets to form novel drug combinations that interact with cellular or molecular networks whose function is disturbed in a disease. Epilepsy is a complex network phenomenon that, as yet, cannot be prevented or cured. We recently proposed multitargeted, network-based approaches to prevent epileptogenesis by combinations of clinically available drugs chosen to impact diverse epileptogenic processes. In order to test this strategy preclinically, we developed a multiphase sequential study design for evaluating such drug combinations in rodents, derived from human clinical drug development phases. Because pharmacokinetics of such drugs are known, only the tolerability of novel drug combinations needs to be evaluated in Phase I in ?healthy\" controls. In Phase IIa, tolerability is assessed following an epileptogenic brain insult, followed by antiepileptogenic efficacy testing in Phase IIb. Here, we report Phase I and Phase IIa evaluation of 7 new drug combinations in mice, using 10 drugs (levetiracetam, topiramate, gabapentin, deferoxamine, fingolimod, ceftriaxone, á-tocopherol, melatonin, celecoxib, atorvastatin) with diverse mechanisms thought to be important in epileptogenesis. Six of the 7 drug combinations were well tolerated in mice during prolonged treatment at the selected doses in both controls and during the latent phase following status epilepticus induced by intrahippocampal kainate. However, none of the combinations prevented hippocampal damage in response to kainate, most likely because treatment started only 16-18 h after kainate. This suggests that antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying treatment may need to start earlier after the brain insult. The present data provide a rich collection of tolerable, network-based combinatorial therapies as a basis for antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying efficacy testing.", "In this study, 15 new oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and their anticonvulsant activities were screened in vivo. The compounds were synthesized by the reaction of various alkyl halides with 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime. Their anticonvulsant activities were determined using acute (maximal electroshock, subcutaneous metrazol [SCM], and 6 Hz seizure test) and chronic (corneal-kindled mouse) seizure models, their neurotoxic effects were evaluated by models of behavioral toxicity according to the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program protocol of the NIH. All our compounds were protective in at least one of the tests. Quantification studies were applied to some of the active compounds and the intraperitoneal ED50 values in mice were found between 25.48 and 99.56 mg/kg. Some pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were predicted in silico and molecular docking studies were performed to provide insights into their possible anticonvulsant mechanism regarding their SCM activity." ]

[ "Yup, our brains are made up of 60 percent fat, says Dr. Michael Green, a research psychologist at Aston University. To function optimally, our brains need to maintain this level of fat. A lower amount of fat, in fact, can lead to neurological disorders." ]

[ "Although the human brain represents only 2% of the body weight, it receives 15% of the cardiac output, 20% of total body oxygen consumption, and 25% of total body glucose utilization.", "A generation of positive thinking gurus that followed were not so careful, however, and gradually 10 percent of our capacity morphed into 10 percent of our brain. Undoubtedly, the biggest boost for the self-help entrepreneurs came when the famous adventurer and journalist Lowell Thomas attributed the 10-percent-of-the-brain claim to William James." ]

[ "Bad Day (Daniel Powter song) \"\"Bad Day\"\" is a pop song from Canadian singer Daniel Powter's self-titled second studio album (2005). It was written by Powter and produced by Jeff Dawson and Mitchell Froom. Powter and Dawson recorded the song in 2002 but they could not find a record label to release it at first. The song was first used in a French Coca-Cola television advertisement in Christmas 2004 before its official release. Tom Whalley, Warner Bros. Records' chairman and CEO, offered Powter a contract after hearing a demo tape of it. This track ended up being released as the", "Daniel Powter Daniel Richard Powter (; born February 25, 1971) is a Canadian musician. He is best known for his self-penned hit song \"\"Bad Day\"\" (2005), which spent five weeks atop the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Powter grew up in Vernon, in the Okanagan-Shuswap region of British Columbia, alongside Tyrone and Susan Powter. As a child, Powter played the violin at the age of 4. He changed to piano at 10 years old after a group of children bullied him and destroyed his violin. Suffering from dyslexia, Powter had trouble in university reading music, and dropped out at the age of" ]

[ "Bad Medicine (song) \"\"Bad Medicine\"\" is a single by American rock band Bon Jovi. It was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child. It was released in September 1988 as the lead single from the band's album \"\"New Jersey\"\". The song is highlighted by a near constant keyboard playing by David Bryan that is well defined in the beginning of the song and at several interludes, as well as loud guitar playing by Richie Sambora, background singing in the bridge and chorus, and a loud fast-paced delivery of lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi. It is one of", "Want You Bad \"\"Want You Bad\"\" is a song by American punk rock band The Offspring. The song is featured as the fourth track on the band's sixth studio album \"\"Conspiracy of One\"\" (2000) and was released as the second single from the album. The song is also featured on the band's \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" album (2005). It became another Offspring US Hot Modern Rock Track top 10. The title is a play on words, with the narrator of the song saying to his girlfriend he wants her \"\"to be bad\"\" as in a dominatrix way, rather than he wants her" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum soluble semaphorin4D (sSema4D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and the extent of coronary artery stenosis.METHODS: The study included 188 cases that underwent coronary angiography because of precordial pain. One hundred and twenty-eight cases were diagnosed with CHD; 60 cases with negative coronary angiography served as controls. Coronary stenosis was evaluated by the number of diseased coronary artery and Gensini scoring system. Serum sSema4D and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured.RESULTS: Serum sSema4D levels in CHD patients were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.001) and the levels in those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were significantly higher than those with stable angina pectoris (p < 0.05) and controls (p < 0.05). Higher levels of serum sSema4D were observed in the group with high Gensini scores. Serum sSema4D concentration was positively correlated with the Gensini score (r = 0.735, p < 0.001) and was the only independent factor that significantly influenced the Gensini score (p < 0.001). Serum sSema4D levels were positively correlated with CRP levels in all subjects (r = 0.182, p = 0.013). Elevated sSema4D and CRP levels were independently associated with the presence of CHD.CONCLUSION: Serum sSema4D levels were increased in CHD patients, especially in those with ACS. Serum sSema4D may be an independent risk factor for CHD and reflect the extent of coronary artery stenosis to some extent." ]

[ "C4d deposits are predictive of humoral rejection in kidney and heart transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify C4d deposit patterns in intestinal mucosa of the grafts on biopsy specimens obtained immediately after implantation and to detect if it could be a valuable tool to predict humoral or acute rejection. A second objective was to search for a statistically significant relationship between positive C4d deposition and other collected variables. Thirteen immediately post-transplantation mucosal graft biopsy specimens, formalin fixed, underwent immunohistochemical stain for C4d deposits. Diffuse intense staining of capillary endothelium was considered positive and absent, focal or weak stains as negative. Preservation injury grade and cold ischemia times were registered for each case. Donor-specific preformed antibodies were detected by complement dependent cytotoxicity serologic technique (crossmatching). Another 19 endoscopic follow-up biopsy specimens from days 2 to 6 were also evaluated. Statistical studies were made using the index of correlation (Spearman's test). Diffuse intense C4d deposits were observed in 2 grafts, focal and weak in 5, and completely negative in 6. The mean cold ischemia time was 327 101 minutes. Two cases showed diffuse positive deposits, 1 had a positive crossmatch and the cold ischemia time was 360 minutes whereas the other had not preformed antibodies and its cold ischemia time was 475 minutes. Humoral or acute rejection was not observed in follow-up mucosal biopsy specimens. There was no statistically significant relationship between the C4d deposition, cold ischemia time, crossmatching results, and preservation injury degree. In conclusion, C4d deposition was not a helpful tool for diagnosis of humoral rejection and prediction of acute rejection during the early post-transplantation period.", "Chronic inflammation is associated with cancer development. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein synthesized primarily in the liver, is a marker for inflammation and for the progression of many cancers. We compared serum and salivary CRP levels in 20 normal individuals, 20 patients with oral premalignant lesions and 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to assess its efficacy as a prognostic indicator for OSCC. Saliva and blood samples were obtained and evaluated for CRP levels. Mean CRP levels were higher in patients with oral premalignant lesions compared to controls. CRP levels in OSCC patients were elevated and were associated with advanced tumor stages." ]

[ "Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is the dominating hyperpolarization technique to increasing the nuclear magnetic resonance signal in liquids and diluted systems. The enhancement obtained depends on the overall mobility of the radical-carrying molecule but also on its specific interaction with the host molecules. Information about the nature of molecular and radical dynamics can be identified from determining the nuclear T1 as a function of Larmor frequency by Fast Field Cycling (FFC) relaxometry. In this work, DNP and FFC methods were combined for a detailed study of 1H Overhauser DNP enhancements at 340 mT (X-band) and 73 mT (S-band) for diluted solutions of a block-copolymer with and without the addition of TEMPO radicals. NMR relaxation dispersions of these solutions are measured at thermal polarization and DNP conditions in the X-band, and the obtained DNP data were analyzed by a model of electron-nucleus interactions modulated by translational diffusion. The coupling factors for the two different blocks of the copolymer are obtained independently from DNP and NMRD experiments. An additional contribution from scalar interactions was found for polystyrene blocks." ]

[ "In this work, we show how to obtain efficient dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced 35Cl solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra at 9.4 T and demonstrate how they can be used to characterize the molecular-level structure of hydrochloride salts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in both bulk and low wt% API dosage forms. 35Cl SSNMR central-transition powder patterns of chloride ions are typically tens to hundreds of kHz in breadth, and most cannot be excited uniformly with high-power rectangular pulses or acquired under conditions of magic-angle spinning (MAS). Herein, we demonstrate the combination of DNP and 1H-35Cl broadband adiabatic inversion cross polarization (BRAIN-CP) experiments for the acquisition of high quality wideline spectra of APIs under static sample conditions, and obtain signals up to 50 times greater than in spectra acquired without the use of DNP at 100 K. We report a new protocol, called spinning-on spinning-off (SOSO) acquisition, where MAS is applied during part of the polarization delay to increase the DNP enhancements and then the MAS rotation is stopped so that a wideline 35Cl NMR powder pattern free from the effects of spinning sidebands can be acquired under static conditions. This method provides an additional two-fold signal enhancement compared to DNP-enhanced SSNMR spectra acquired under purely static conditions. DNP-enhanced 35Cl experiments are used to characterize APIs in bulk and dosage forms with Cl contents as low as 0.45 wt%. These results are compared to DNP-enhanced 1H-13C CP/MAS spectra of APIs in dosage forms, which are often hindered by interfering signals arising from the binders, fillers and other excipient materials.", "PURPOSE: To develop an improved method to measure the 31 P nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) for evaluation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dynamics in terms of correlation time (c ), and contribution of dipole-dipole (DD) and chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) mechanisms to T1 relaxation of ATP in human brain.METHODS: The NOE of ATP in human brain was evaluated by monitoring changes in magnetization in the -ATP signal following a band inversion of all downfield 31 P resonances. The magnetization changes observed were analyzed using the Bloch-McConnell-Solomon formulation to evaluate the relaxation and motion dynamic parameters that describe interactions of ATP with cellular solids in human brain tissue.RESULTS: The maximal transient NOE, observed as a reduction in the -ATP signal, was 24  2% upon band inversion of - and -ATP, which is 2-3-fold higher than achievable by frequency-selective inversion of either - or -ATP. The rate of 31 P-31 P cross relaxation (0.21  0.02 s-1 ) led to a c value of (9.1  0.8) ? 10-8 s for ATP in human brain. The T1 relaxation of -ATP is dominated by CSA over the DD mechanism (60%: 40%).CONCLUSIONS: The band inversion method proved effective in amplifying 31 P NOE, and thus facilitating ATP c and relaxation measurements. This technique renders ATP a potentially useful reporter molecule for cellular environments. Magn Reson Med 77:1409-1418, 2017. 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine." ]

[ "In the realm of HIV/AIDS treatment, we are witnessing promising advancements. A new regimen involving the drug 'Cabenuva', has been approved by the FDA. This antiretroviral treatment is distinctive as it requires monthly injections rather than daily pills, hence improving patients' adherence to medication. Another breakthrough relates to gene therapy. Scientists are exploring CRISPR-Cas9 technology to remove HIV's genetic code from infected cells. Preliminary studies have shown efficacy in the lab setting. The advent of such therapeutic strategies could revolutionize HIV/AIDS treatment" ]

[ "The medical community is consistently striving to find new ways to battle diseases and improve patient outcomes. Recent advancements in the field of oncology have shown promise, such as the use of CAR-T cell therapies in the treatment of certain types of cancer. Similarly, the development of novel antiviral drugs for the management of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis C has been a milestone. These breakthroughs underline the importance of ongoing research and development in the medical field" ]

[ "A man is sitting on a bench." ]

[ "A man is sitting on a bench selling cotton candy." ]

[ "Nuclear receptors (NRs) are closely associated with various major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disease, and osteoporosis. Therefore, NRs have become a frequent target for drug development. During the process of developing drugs against these diseases by targeting NRs, we are often facing a problem: Given a NR and chemical compound, can we identify whether they are really in interaction with each other in a cell? To address this problem, a predictor called “iNR-Drug” was developed. In the predictor, the drug compound concerned was formulated by a 256-D (dimensional) vector derived from its molecular fingerprint, and the NR by a 500-D vector formed by incorporating its sequential evolution information and physicochemical features into the general form of pseudo amino acid composition, and the prediction engine was operated by the SVM (support vector machine) algorithm. Compared with the existing prediction methods in this area, iNR-Drug not only can yield a higher success rate, but is also featured by a user-friendly web-server established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/iNR-Drug/, which is particularly useful for most experimental scientists to obtain their desired data in a timely manner. It is anticipated that the iNR-Drug server may become a useful high throughput tool for both basic research and drug development, and that the current approach may be easily extended to study the interactions of drug with other targets as well." ]

[ "SARS-CoV-2 virus which caused the global pandemic the Coronavirus Disease- 2019 (COVID-2019) has infected about 1,203,959 patients and brought forth death rate about 64,788 among 206 countries as mentioned by WHO in the month of April 2020. The clinical trials are underway for Remdesivir, an investigational anti-viral drug from Gilead Sciences. Antimalarial drugs such as Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine derivatives are being used in emergency cases; however, they are not suitable for patients with conditions like diabetes, hypertension and cardiac issues. The lack of availability of approved treatment for this disease calls forth the scientific community to find novel compounds with the ability to treat it. This paper evaluates the compound Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata as a potential inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-COV-2 (Mpro) through in silico studies such as molecular docking, target analysis, toxicity prediction and ADME prediction. Andrographolide was docked successfully in the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Computational approaches also predicts this molecule to have good solubility, pharmacodynamics property and target accuracy. This molecule also obeys Lipinski's rule, which makes it a promising compound to pursue further biochemical and cell based assays to explore its potential for use against COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.", "Liver diseases are one of the fatal syndromes due to the vital role of the liver. Most of the effective treatment of liver conditions are of natural origin. Silymarin (SI) is the standard drug used for treatment of impaired liver functions. Two natural compounds possessing promising liver protection and with different chemical structures namely; the bioflavonoid hinokiflavone (HF) isolated from Junipers phoenicea family Cupressaceae and the sweet saponin Glycyrrhizin (GL) present in Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) were selected for the current study. Since the two compounds are of different nature, they may act by different mechanisms and express synergistic effect. Combination of the two compounds using to dose levels were challenged with single doses of HF, GL and SI as well. The comparison was monitored via measuring serum biochemical parameters including, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin, tissue parameters such as MDA, NP-SH and TP, histopathological study using light and electron microscope. Protective effect on kidney was also monitored histopathologically and biochemically through observing the levels of LDH, creatinine, creatinine-kinase, urea and uric acid. The combinations of HF and GL showed protective effect more than the used single doses of HF and GL alone. However, SI was superior to the used combination in the two used doses in all the measured parameters. The liver and kidney cells appearance under normal and electron microscope showed that SI treated groups showed almost normal cells with slight toxic signs. Cells from group treated with the higher doses of the combination of HF and GL showed slight signs of intoxication under light and electron microscope indicating good level of protection. Although the combination of HF and GL expressed good protection in the higher dose, however, the combination did not exceed the protective effect of SI." ]

[ "Therapy refracter heart failure is presented. The admission ECG shows low voltage and pseudoinfarct Q waves highly diagnostic for the etiology of heart failure. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 327-329." ]

[ "Prominent T-wave inversions are well recognized electrocardiographic signs that can occur in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the giant negative T waves may be associated with myocardial stunning without AMI.This case report describes 2 patients without AMI who developed rare giant T-wave inversions measuring up to 35 mm in depth and QT prolongation after admission to hospital. While 1 patient presented with acute pulmonary edema, the other patient presented with severe chest pain at rest and transient ST elevation.The giant T-wave inversion with QT prolongation may be caused by myocardial stunning due to the triple vessel diseases and elevated wall stress, high-end diastolic pressure and decreased coronary arterial flow during pulmonary edema in the first patient. The giant T-wave inversion with QT prolongation in the second patient may be caused by myocardial stunning due to the left anterior descending artery spasm (transient ST elevation) leading to transient total occlusion of left anterior descending artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully undergone for both patients. The patients remained well.The electrophysiologic mechanism responsible for giant T-wave inversion with QT prolongation is presently unknown. The two cases demonstrate that the rare giant negative T waves may be associated with myocardial stunning without AMI.", "BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of new pathological Q waves after on-pump cardiac surgery is uncertain.OBJECTIVES: To determine whether or not either the occurrence per se or the location of new pathological Q waves after on-pump cardiac surgery is associated with 12-month, all-cause mortality and/or major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).DESIGN: Observational cohort study.SETTING: Single university hospital from January 2007 to October 2010.PATIENTS: Consecutive adult patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery with MACE-free survival until at least the 7th postoperative day and available ECGs both preoperatively and on the 7th postoperative day (n = 1464). We conducted a subgroup analysis in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 740).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Our primary endpoint was 12-month, all-cause mortality and/or MACE, defined as acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure or re-vascularisation at 12 months. Using logistic regression, we examined the prognostic value of new pathological Q waves according to the Minnesota ECG Code, adjusting for the EuroSCORE II, cardiopulmonary bypass time and peak postoperative troponin T concentrations.RESULTS: We included 1464 patients (74% men; mean  SD age 66  10 years) and observed 103 (7.0%) all-cause deaths and/or MACEs at 12 months. A total of 236 patients (16.1%) had definite or probable new pathological Q waves according to the Minnesota ECG Code. The occurrence of new pathological Q waves per se was not associated with our primary endpoint [adjusted odds ratio, 0.970 (95% confidence interval, 0.540 to 1.648)]. However, the occurrence of a new pathological Q wave in V1 to V5 (anterior) was a strong independent predictor for poor outcome [adjusted odds ratio, 3.461 (95% confidence interval, 1.501 to 7.242)].CONCLUSION: The current analysis suggests that for patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery, only new pathological Q waves in V1 to V5 (anterior) in the 7th postoperative day ECG are associated with 12-month, all-cause mortality and/or MACE.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00468598." ]

[ "Vascular death rates and hospitalizations for stroke are increased during influenza epidemics. Influenza vaccination may prevent stroke. We investigated whether influenza vaccination is associated independently with reduced odds of stroke and whether effects are confined to stroke subgroups and winter seasons and shared by other vaccinations. During 18 months, we performed standardized interviews assessing vaccination status, risk factors, health-related behavior, and socioeconomic factors in 370 consecutive patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 370 age- and sex-matched control subjects selected randomly from the population. Influenza vaccination during the last vaccination campaign was less common in patients (19.2%) than control subjects (31.4%; P<0.0001). After adjustment for vascular risk factors, education, health-related behavior and other factors, influenza vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.77) but not other combined recent vaccinations (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.43) were associated with reduced odds of stroke/TIA. Significant effects were found in men, older subjects (>65 years), subjects with previous vascular diseases, and regarding ischemic stroke; nonsignificant trends existed in women, younger subjects, and regarding hemorrhagic stroke. In etiologic subgroups of cerebral ischemia, similar effects were found. No protective effects were found during summer months; however, results also varied considerably between both winter seasons examined" ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: Every year, influenza poses a significant burden on the National Health Service in England. Influenza vaccination is an effective measure to prevent severe disease, hence, maximising vaccine coverage in the most vulnerable is a priority. We aimed to identify the extent to which socioeconomic status is associated with influenza-associated illness (IAI) and influenza vaccine coverage.DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using hospital episode statistics.SETTING: Merseyside, North-West of England, including the city of Liverpool.PARTICIPANTS: Residents of Merseyside hospitalised with IAI between April 2004 and March 2016, and Merseyside general practice registered patients eligible for influenza vaccination in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 influenza seasons.EXPOSURES: Socioeconomic deprivation based on lower super output area English Indices of Deprivation scores.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and risk of IAI hospitalisation, and vaccine uptake.RESULTS: There were 89 058 hospitalisations related to IAI among Merseyside residents (mean yearly rate=4.9 per 1000 population). Hospitalisations for IAI were more frequent in the most socioeconomically deprived areas compared with the least deprived in adults aged 15-39 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.08;95% CI 1.76 to 2.45; p<0.001), 60-64 years (IRR 2.65; 95% CI 2.35 to 2.99; p<0.001) and 65+ years (IRR 1.90; 95% CI 1.73 to 2.10; p<0.001), whereas rates in children were more homogeneous across deprivation strata. Vaccine uptake was lower than the nationally set targets in most neighbourhoods. The odds of vaccine uptake were 30% lower (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74; p<0.001) and 10% lower (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.92; p<0.001) in the most socioeconomically deprived quintile compared with the least deprived, among children aged 24-59 months and 65+ years, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Higher rates of IAI hospitalisations and lower vaccine uptake in the most socioeconomically deprived populations suggest that health promotion policies and interventions that target these populations should be a priority.", "Chronic infectious diseases that may increase the risk of stroke include periodontitis, chronic bronchitis and infections with microbial antigens, such as Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae" ]

[ "Tramadol and Carisoprodol. Effective April 7, 2011, Tramadol , Carisoprodol and products containing Tramadol or. Carisoprodol will be classified as Schedule IV controlled substances in the State of. Tennessee pursuant to Tenn. Comp." ]

[ "Tramadol, like other narcotics used for the treatment of pain, may be abused. Tramadol is not a nonsteroidal anti-iinflammatory drug (NSAID) and does not have the increased risk of stomach ulceration and internal bleeding that can occur with NSAIDs. The FDA approved tramadol in March 1995.PRESCRIBED FOR: Tramadol is used in the management of moderate to moderately severe pain.Extended release tablets are used for moderate to moderately severe chronic pain in adults who require continuous treatment for an extended period. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 2/25/2015.ramadol is not a nonsteroidal anti-iinflammatory drug (NSAID) and does not have the increased risk of stomach ulceration and internal bleeding that can occur with NSAIDs. The FDA approved tramadol in March 1995.", "Tramadol, like other narcotics used for the treatment of pain, may be abused. Tramadol is not a nonsteroidal anti-iinflammatory drug (NSAID) and does not have the increased risk of stomach ulceration and internal bleeding that can occur with NSAIDs. The FDA approved tramadol in March 1995. PRESCRIBED FOR: Tramadol is used in the management of moderate to moderately severe pain. Extended release tablets are used for moderate to moderately severe chronic pain in adults who require continuous treatment for an extended period. Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 2/25/2015." ]

[ "Ptaquiloside, along with other natural phytotoxins, is receiving increased attention from scientists and land use managers. There is an urgent need to increase empirical evidence to understand the scale of phytotoxin mobilisation and potential to enter into the environment. In this study the risk of ptaquiloside to drinking water was assessed by quantifying ptaquiloside in the receiving waters at three drinking water abstraction sites across Ireland and in bracken fronds surrounding the abstraction sites. We also investigated the impact of different management regimes (spraying, cutting and rolling) on ptaquiloside concentrations at plot-scale in six locations in Northern Ireland, UK. Ptaquiloside concentrations were determined using recent advances in the use of LC-MS for the detection and quantification of ptaquiloside. The results indicate that ptaquiloside is present in bracken stands surrounding drinking water abstractions in Ireland, and ptaquiloside concentrations were also observed in the receiving waters. Furthermore, spraying was found to be the most effective bracken management regime observed in terms of reducing ptaquiloside load. Increased awareness is vital on the implications of managing land with extensive bracken stands." ]

[ "Aporocotylidae comprises a diverse family of fish blood flukes, with adults found in blood or body cavity of marine, brackish, or freshwater fish. Aporocotylids are unique among the Digenea with many developing in polychaetes. The life cycle has been elucidated for only a few species that develop in polychaetes from marine/brackish environments and none for western Atlantic aporocotylids. The basis for this study was observations of blood fluke larvae in annelids from South Carolina, USA in 1982 prior to possible usage of molecular tools to specifically identify parasite larvae. Recent description of aporocotylid species and genotyping tools prompted revisiting original collection sites to examine polychaetes and fish as potential hosts. Polycirrid Enoplobranchus sanguineus and terebellids Amphitrite ornata, and Terebella lapidaria revealed infections with aporocotylid larvae. Adult blood flukes were also collected from fish commonly encountered in the same habitat: spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), black drum (Pogonias cromis), and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). Sporocysts containing cercariae were found in individuals of each annelid species. Adult Cardicola parvus were found in spotted seatrout and Atlantic croaker, C. laruei in spotted seatrout, C. currani in red drum, and C. palmeri in black drum. Genotype analysis of ITS-2 and lsrDNA of all forms confirmed conspecific infections by C. parvus in E. sanguineus and A. ornata and C. laruei in T. lapidaria. This is the first description of complete life cycles of aporocotylids in the Western Atlantic and first evidence of cryptic infections of Cy. nebulosus with C. parvus.", "Stenoptilodes juanfernandicus Gielis, 1991 (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) was described from the Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile; it was subsequently recorded from the Gal?pagos Islands and mainland Ecuador. Its larva and pupa are described and illustrated for the first time with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. Descriptions are based on specimens collected as larvae displaying cryptic coloration feeding on inflorescences of Verbena hispida Ruiz Pav. (Verbenaceae) in the Andes of northern Chile. Several differences were found with the larva and pupa of congeneric representatives, suggesting that immature morphology should be further explored to assess its value in the taxonomy and systematics of Stenoptilodes Zimmerman, 1958. Verbena hispida is the first host plant recorded for S. juanfernandicus, a finding that will be helpful to further explore different Neotropical environments to better characterize the geographic range of this plume moth." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin in incised wound of rat's skin and injury time.METHODS: The wounding model was established by cutting the dorsal skin of 48 adult SD rats. The rats were sacrificed at the pre-set injury time as immediately, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h. The skin samples were taken at the margin of wound. The expression of the EIIIA? fibronectin was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and the relationship be- tween its expression and injury time was observed. Results The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin was not observed immediately. The basal cell of skin began to show positive expression 0.5 h after injury. With the extension of injury time, positive staining became stronger. The value of relative optical density was gradually increased with prolonged injury time by the Western blotting analysis.CONCLUSION: The expression of EIIIA+ fibronectin could be used for estimation of injury time in the early stage of skin injury." ]

[ "Fibronectin (FN), a heterodimeric glycoprotein overexpressed in several types of tumors, has been implicated in cancer progression via the activation of integrin-mediated pro-oncogenic pathways. The FN level in human bile fluid is dramatically increased in malignant biliary diseases; however, FN expression and its biological functions in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain unknown. In this study, we found that FN was overexpressed in GBC tissues and was associated with a worse prognosis in GBC patients. In vitro experimental studies indicated that exogenous FN significantly enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and active MMP-9 secretion in human GBC cell lines (GBC-SD and NOZ). Moreover, the key kinases of the mTOR signaling pathway, including FAK, Akt, mTOR and 4E-BP1, were markedly activated in a time-dependent manner in FN-treated GBC-SD and NOZ cells. The IHC statistical analyses validated that FN expression was positively correlated with the phosphorylation levels of the 4E-BP1 protein in GBC tissues. Furthermore, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, almost completely blocked FN-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and also partially abrogated the stimulatory effects of FN on GBC cell proliferation and invasion. In vivo, FN treatment significantly promoted the proliferation and metastasis of GBC cells and markedly activated Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 signaling cascade. These findings demonstrate that FN may play a critical role in the modulation of cell proliferation and invasion via mTOR signaling pathway activation during GBC progression.", "Fibronectin (FN) plays a major role in the stability and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We have previously demonstrated that FN interacts directly with Hsp90, as well as showing that the Hsp90 inhibitor novobiocin results in FN turnover via a receptor mediated process. However, the receptor involved has not been previously identified. LRP1 is a ubiquitous receptor responsible for the internalisation of numerous ligands that binds both Hsp90 and FN, and therefore we investigated whether LRP1 was involved in novobiocin-mediated FN turnover. FN, LRP1 and Hsp90 could be isolated in a common complex, and inhibition of Hsp90 by novobiocin increased the colocalisation of FN and LRP1. Novobiocin induced an increase (at low concentrations) followed by a loss of FN that was primarily derived from extracellular matrix-associated FN and led to a concomitant increase in intracellular FN. The effect of novobiocin was specific to LRP1-expressing cells and could be recapitulated by an LRP1 blocking antibody and the allosteric C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor SM253, but not the N-terminal inhibitor geldanamycin. Together these data suggest that LRP1 is required for FN turnover in response to Hsp90 inhibition by novobiocin, which may have unintended physiological consequences in contexts where C-terminal Hsp90 inhibition is to be used therapeutically." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH), an endogenous melanocortin peptide, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammation effects and protect against cartilage damage. Objective In this study, we aimed to investigate whether -MSH in ankle joint synovial fluid is associated with the disease severity of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (PTAOA).METHODS: 66 PTAOA patients undergoing ankle arthroscopical debridement or ankle joint replacement were enrolled in the study. Synovial fluid -MSH concentrations were explored by a special radioimmunoassay method. Cartilage degradation biomarkers such as collagen type II (CTX-II), aggrecan-1 (AGG-1), as well as inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) in the synovial fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The symptomatic and functional severity was evaluated using Teeny-Wiss scoring and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot rating scale. The radiographic progression of PTAOA was identified according to the modified ankle osteoarthritis Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. The modified Mankin score was used for assessing the histopathological severity for cartilage lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was conducted and the area under curve (AUC) was used to the evaluate the diagnostic value of -MSH levels for the prediction of the modified K-L grading by comparing with other biomarkers examined.RESULTS: -MSH levels in synovial fluid showed a negative correlation with, modified ankle K-L grading, Mankin scores, and degradation biomarkers CTX-II and AGG-1, as well as inflammation markers IL-6 and MMP-3. In addition, -MSH levels were also positively associated with Teeny-Wiss scoring and AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores. The AUC area of -MSH was similar to CTX-II, AGG-1, IL-6, and MMP-3.CONCLUSIONS: Synovial fluid -MSH levels showed an independent and negative correlation with disease severity in patients with PTAOA. Application of -MSH locally may serve as a potential adjuvant therapy for delaying the process of PTAOA." ]

[ "Neuroinflammation constitutes a principal process involved in the progression of various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The safety and efficacy of potential neuroprotective therapeutic agents is controversial and limited. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH) as a tridecapeptide derived from pro-opiomelanocortin displays potent anti-inflammatory and protective effects with a wide therapeutic window in brain damage. However, it is difficult to deliver effective concentrations of -MSH into brain tissue via nondirect application. Besides, the half-life of the tridecapeptide is only a few minutes. In the present study, we generated a novel TAT-HSA--MSH by genetically fusing -MSH with N-terminus 11-amino acid protein transduction domain of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein (TAT) and human serum albumin (HSA), which showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and can effectively cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The findings showed that TAT-HSA--MSH significantly inhibits NF-B activation in human glioma cells A172 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) production in experimental brain inflammation. These results indicate that TAT-HSA--MSH may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating neuroinflammation which plays a fundamental role in CNS disorders.", "Many people after 50 year of life suffer pains caused by osteoarthritis (OA), which make their life difficult and painful. There is a probable association of OA with the concentration of certain elements in body fluids. Therefore the aim of the study was to relate the level of essential elements in synovial fluids of patients with OA with the treatment using antiarthritic drugs. Thus, flame-atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Na, K, Ca and Mg in 74 samples of synovial fluids taken from 36 patients. Prior to analysis, the samples of synovial fluids were centrifuged and obtained supernatants were digested by microwave technique. It was found that the level of investigated essential elements was differentiated in patients suffering with OA. High correlation between Zn and K, Na and K, as well as Cu and Mn were revealed. Based on cluster analysis, synovial fluids of patients treated with Diprophos, Euflexxa and Synocrom, can be found almost in all clusters. ANOVA has shown that there is a significant difference between Na level in synovial fluids of patients treated with antirheumatic drugs, and those who were not treated. For the patients treated with Euflexxa, similar relations for Ca and K exist. Principal component analysis has shown that essential elements responsible for variability within studied samples, are Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe. However, there were no statistically significant relations between the studied macro- and microelements, and treatment using specific preparations." ]

[ "The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded from a limited review of the literature that although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is required for infant formula, arachidonic acid is not required \"even in the presence of DHA\" (EFSA Journal, 12 (2014) 3760). This flawed opinion is grounded in human trials which tested functionality of DHA in neural outcomes and included arachidonic acid ostensibly to support growth. The EFSA report mistakes a nutrient ubiquitous in the diets of newborn infants, through breast milk and with wide-ranging health and neurodevelopmental effects, for an optional drug targeted to a particular outcome that is properly excluded when no benefit is found for that particular outcome. Arachidonic acid has very different biological functions compared to DHA, for example, arachidonic acid has unique functions in the vasculature and in specific aspects of immunity. Indeed, the overwhelming majority of trials include both DHA and arachidonic acid, and test development specific to DHA such as neural and visual development. DHA suppresses membrane arachidonic acid concentrations and its function. An infant formula with DHA and no arachidonic acid runs the risk of cardio and cerebrovascular morbidity and even mortality through suppression of the favorable oxylipin derivatives of arachidonic acid. The EFSA recommendation overruling breast milk composition should be revised forthwith, otherwise being unsafe, ungrounded in most of the evidence, and risking lifelong disability." ]

[ "Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid-derived oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid. We, herein, present an improved sensitive, selective and robust high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence assay for simultaneous quantification of eicosanoids in human plasma and rat tissues. Aliquots of 200 L of plasma or 30 mg of heart or kidney tissues were spiked with 16-hydroxydecanoic acid as internal standard, and extracted with anhydrous acetonitrile using solid phase cartridges. The eluted samples were dried, reconstituted in anhydrous acetonitrile and labeled with 2-(2,3-naphthalimino)ethyl-trifluoromethanesulphonate in the presence of saturated potassium fluoride solution in anhydrous acetonitrile and N,N-diiospropylethylamine as catalyst. The derivatized eicosanoids were extracted with anhydrous acetonitrile using solid phase cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 reversed phase column using gradient mobile phase of 0.05% of formic acid:acetonitrile:water at 0.8 mL/min flow rate. The analytes were detected at excitation and emission wavelength of 260 and 396 nm, respectively. The assay was linear (r(2)? 0.98) in the concentration range of 0.01-2.5 g/mL. The intra-day and inter-day coefficients variation was less than 19.8%. Using this assay, we were able to quantify arachidonic acid metabolites simultaneously in human and rat biological samples.", "Polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes influence the arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid concentrations (crucial in early life). Infants with specific genotypes may require different amounts of these fatty acids (FAs) to maintain an adequate status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an infant formula supplemented with AA and DHA on FAs of infants with different FADS genotypes. In total, 176 infants from the COGNIS study were randomly allocated to the Standard Formula (SF; n = 61) or the Experimental Formula (EF; n = 70) group, the latter supplemented with AA and DHA. Breastfed infants were added as a reference group (BF; n = 45). FAs and FADS polymorphisms were analyzed from cheek cells collected at 3 months of age. FADS minor allele carriership in formula fed infants, especially those supplemented, was associated with a declined desaturase activity and lower AA and DHA levels. Breastfed infants were not affected, possibly to the high content of AA and DHA in breast milk. The supplementation increased AA and DHA levels, but mostly in major allele carriers. In conclusion, infant FADS genotype could contribute to narrow the gap of AA and DHA concentrations between breastfed and formula fed infants." ]

[ "Honda Element The Honda Element is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by Honda using a modified CR-V platform and marketed in North America over a single generation for model years 2003-2011. Manufactured in East Liberty, Ohio, the Element was offered with front-wheel or all-wheel drive — and was noted for its boxy exterior styling with bi-parting side doors and its boxy, flexible interior layout. The Element followed a concept called \"\"Model X\"\" which was developed by a core group of Honda R&D engineers in 1998 and debuted at the 2001 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The Model X" ]

[ "for existing customers in Spring 2014 and the subsidiary would be dissolved. Honda has been active in motorsports, like Motorcycle Grand Prix, Superbike racing and others. Honda entered Formula One as a constructor for the first time in the 1964 season at the German Grand Prix with Ronnie Bucknum at the wheel. 1965 saw the addition of Richie Ginther to the team, who scored Honda's first point at the Belgian Grand Prix, and Honda's first win at the Mexican Grand Prix. 1967 saw their next win at the Italian Grand Prix with John Surtees as their driver. In 1968, Jo", "standard derailleur found on most bikes. Honda has hired several people to pilot the bike, among them Greg Minnaar. The team is known as Team G Cross Honda. Honda also builds all-terrain vehicles (ATV). 420 450r 400ex 300ex 250r Honda's solar cell subsidiary company Honda Soltec (Headquarters: Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto; President and CEO: Akio Kazusa) started sales throughout Japan of thin-film solar cells for public and industrial use on 24 October 2008, after selling solar cells for residential use since October 2007. Honda announced in the end of October 2013 that Honda Soltec would cease the business operation except for support" ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: Many patients with stroke receive integrative medicine in China, which includes the basic treatment of Western medicine and routine rehabilitation, in conjunction with acupuncture and Chinese medicine. The question of whether integrative medicine is efficacious for stroke rehabilitation is still controversial and very little research currently exists on the integrated approach for this condition. Consequently, we will conduct a multicentre, randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of integrative medicine on stroke rehabilitation.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: 360 participants recruited from three large Chinese medical hospitals in Zhejiang Province will be randomly divided into the integrative medicine rehabilitation (IMR) group and the conventional rehabilitation (CR) group in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the IMR group will receive acupuncture and Chinese herbs in addition to basic Western medicine and rehabilitation treatment. The CR group will not receive acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine. The assessment data will be collected at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks postrandomisation, and then at 12 weeks' follow-up. The primary outcome is measured by the Modified Barthel Index. The secondary outcomes are the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the mini-mental state examination and Montreal Cognitive, Hamilton's Depression Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the incidence of adverse events.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from ethics committees of three hospitals. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international congresses. The results will also be disseminated to patients by telephone, during follow-up calls inquiring on patient's post-study health status.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR-TRC-12001972, http://www.chictr.org/en/proj/show.aspx?proj=2561." ]

[ "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Anti-inflammatory therapy has been intensively investigated as a potential strategy for treatment of cerebral stroke. However, despite many positive outcomes reported in animal studies, anti-inflammatory treatments have not proven successful in humans as yet. Although immunomodulatory activity and safety of Cordyceps species (Chinese caterpillar fungi) have been proven in clinical trials and traditional Asian prescriptions for inflammatory diseases, its anti-ischemic effect remains elusive.AIM OF THE STUDY: In the present study, therefore, we investigated the potential therapeutic efficacy of WIB801C, the standardized extract of Cordyceps militaris, for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-chemotactic activity of WIB801C was assayed in cultured rat microglia/macrophages. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to ischemic stroke via either transient (1.5-h tMCAO and subsequent 24-h reperfusion) or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO for 24-h without reperfusion). WIB801C was orally administered twice at 3- and 8-h (50mg/kg each) after the onset of MCAO. Infarct volume, edema, blood brain barrier and white matter damages, neurological deficits, and long-term survival rates were investigated. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into ischemic lesions was assayed by immunostaining.RESULTS: WIB801C significantly decreased migration of cultured microglia/macrophages. This anti-chemotactic activity of WIB-801C was not mediated via adenosine A3 receptors, although cordycepin, the major ingredient of WIB801C, is known as an adenosine receptor agonist. Post-ischemic treatment with WIB801C significantly reduced the infiltration of ED-1-and MPO-positive inflammatory cells into ischemic lesions in tMCAO rats. WIB801C-treated rats exhibited significantly decreased infarct volume and cerebral edema, less white matter and blood-brain barrier damages, and improved neurological deficits. WIB801C also improved survival rates over 34 days after ischemia onset. A significant reduction in infarct volume and neurobehavioral deficits by WIB801C was also observed in rats subjected to pMCAO.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, post-ischemic treatment of WIB801C reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into ischemic lesions via inhibition of chemotaxis, which confers long-lasting histological and neurological protection in ischemic brain. WIB801C may be a promising anti-ischemic drug candidate with clinically relevant therapeutic time window and safety.", "BACKGROUND: In animal models of acute ischaemic stroke, blocking of the leukocyte-endothelium adhesion by antagonism of 4 integrin reduces infarct volumes and improves outcomes. We assessed the effect of one dose of natalizumab, an antibody against the leukocyte adhesion molecule 4 integrin, in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.METHODS: In this double-blind, phase 2 study, patients with acute ischaemic stroke (aged 18-85 years) from 30 US and European clinical sites were randomly assigned (1:1) to 300 mg intravenous natalizumab or placebo with stratification by treatment window and baseline infarct size. Patients, investigators, and study staff were masked to treatment assignments. The primary endpoint was the change in infarct volume from baseline to day 5 and was assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints were the change in infarct volume from baseline to day 30, and from 24 h to days 5 and 30; the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline, 24 h, and at days 5 (or discharge), 30, and 90; and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) at days 5 (or discharge), 30, and 90. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01955707.FINDINGS: Between Dec 16, 2013, and April 9, 2015, 161 patients were randomly assigned to natalizumab (n=79) or placebo (n=82). Natalizumab did not reduce infarct volume growth from baseline to day 5 compared with placebo (median absolute growth 28 mL [range -8 to 303] vs 22 mL [-11 to 328]; relative growth ratio 109 [90% CI 091-130], p=078) or to day 30 (4 mL [-43 to 121] vs 4 mL [-28 to 180]; 105 [088-127], p=068), from 24 h to day 5 (8 mL [-30 to 177] vs 7 mL [-13 to 204]; 100 [089-112], p=049), and from 24 h to day 30 (-5 mL [-93 to 81] vs -5 mL [-48 to 48]; 098 [087-111], p=040). No difference was noted between the natalizumab and placebo groups in the NIHSS (score ?1 or ?8 point improvement) from baseline at 24 h, day 5 (or discharge), day 30 (27 [35%] vs 36 [44%]; odds ratio 069 [90% CI 039-121], p=086), and day 90 (36 [47%] vs 37 [46%]; 110 [063-193], p=039). More patients in the natalizumab group than in the placebo group had mRS scores of 0 or 1 at day 30 (13 [18%] vs seven [9%]; odds ratio 288 [90% CI 120-693], p=0024) and day 90 (18 [25%] vs 16 [21%]; 148 [074-298], p=018); and BI (score ?95) at day 90 (34 [44%] vs 26 [33%]; 191 [107-341], p=0033) but not significantly at day 5 or day 30 (26 [34%] vs 26 [32%]; 113 [063-200], p=037). Natalizumab and placebo groups had similar incidences of adverse events (77 [99%] of 78 patients vs 81 [99%] of 82 patients), serious adverse events (36 [46%] vs 38 [46%]), and deaths (14 [18%] vs 13 [16%]). Two patients in the natalizumab group died because of adverse events assessed as related to treatment by the investigator (pneumonia, and septic shock and multiorgan failure).INTERPRETATION: Natalizumab administered up to 9 h after stroke onset did not reduce infarct growth. Treatment-associated benefits on functional outcomes might warrant further investigation.FUNDING: Biogen." ]

[ "basal metabolism. the amount of energy needed to maintain essential body functions, such as respiration, circulation, temperature, peristalsis, and muscle tone. Basal metabolism is measured when the subject is awake and at complete rest, has not eaten for 14 to 18 hours, and is in a comfortable, warm environment. It is expressed as a basal metabolic rate, according to Calories per hour per square meter of body surface." ]

[ "Although heart rate is not a direct and flawless measure of either intensity or recovery status, it is far better than simply choosing a time interval to rest. To use the heart rate method, simply choose an appropriate recovery heart rate. In our case, we use 60 percent of theoretical max heart rate.", "What is the name of the condition that manifests by deep aching pain in the lower extremity during rest periods? A) capitation B) coarctation C) claudication D) contraction" ]

[ "Normally it takes a few hours for the freezer to reach the temperature needed for proper usage. However, make sure you check the temperature after these few hours, zero degrees is the perfect temperature for your freezer." ]

[ "It is an old (circa 1995 according to the repairguy)* side by side that came with the house when I bought it in ’08. About 2 months the thing just quit. I opened up the freezer door to get some ice cream and it was soft. Checked the thermometer I keep in there and the freezer was about 40 degrees and the fridge side about 60.", "I’ve been having issues with my refrigerator & freezer recently. It is an old (circa 1995 according to the repairguy)* side by side that came with the house when I bought it in ’08. About 2 months the thing just quit. I opened up the freezer door to get some ice cream and it was soft. Checked the thermometer I keep in there and the freezer was about 40 degrees and the fridge side about 60." ]

[ "Although local anaesthesia for knee arthroscopy is a well-documented procedure, arthroscopy under local anaesthesia is often interrupted because of intolerable discomfort and pain. Warming local anaesthetic solutions may increase its anaesthetic effect. We tested whether intra-articular injection of warmed lidocaine solution could improve intraoperative anaesthetic and postoperative analgesic conditions. Patients in the warmed group received 20 ml warmed (40 degrees C) lidocaine 1% intra-articularly 20 min before surgery. The patients in the control group received 20 ml room-temperature (25 degrees C) lidocaine 1% intra-articularly 20 min before surgery. During surgery, the patients reported pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The median VAS pain score was 1.5 (range, 0.0-3.0) in the warmed lidocaine group and 5.0 (4.0-8.0) in the control group (P<0.001). The median intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements in the control group were significantly greater than that in the warmed group" ]

[ "Septorhinoplasty is a traumatic procedure that is associated with epistaxis and postoperative pain. The primary objective of this randomized double-blind controlled trial was to determine whether intranasal 5% lidocaine plus naphazoline decreases postoperative pain and lessens the use of rescue analgesics. After induction of general anesthesia and laryngeal topical anesthesia with 5% lidocaine, 28 adult patients, scheduled to undergo septorhinoplasty, were randomly assigned to one of two groups, either topical intranasal saline 20 ml (control group) or intranasal 5% lidocaine plus naphazoline solution 0.2 mg ml(-1) (lidocaine group). The perioperative dose of sufentanil, the mean end-tidal concentration of isoflurane, and surgeon satisfaction with the operative field were recorded. In the lidocaine group, plasma lidocaine concentrations were sampled 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, and 55 min after induction of anesthesia. Visual analogue scale pain scores were recorded 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the patients arrived in the postanesthesia care unit and 24 h after surgery. Consumption of morphine rescue analgesia and the occurrence of any side effects were recorded at the end of the 24-h study period", "Intraarticular (IA) local anesthetics are often used for the management and prevention of pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. Recently, IA tramadol was also used for the management of these patients. However, the IA combination of local anesthetic and tramadol has not been evaluated in arthroscopic outpatients. Our primary aim in this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of an IA combination of bupivacaine and tramadol when compared with each drug alone using visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in patients undergoing day-care arthroscopic knee surgery. Additionally, we assessed analgesic demand. Ninety ASA I/II patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, performed by a single surgeon under general anesthesia, were assigned in a randomized, double-blind manner into three groups: group B (n = 30) received 0.25% bupivacaine, group T (n = 30) received 100 mg tramadol, and group BT (n = 30) received 0.25% bupivacaine and 100 mg tramadol to a total volume of 20 mL by the IA route after surgery. Postoperative pain scores were measured on a VAS, at rest and on mobilization at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. Duration of analgesia, the subsequent 24 h consumption of rescue analgesia, time to ambulation, and time to discharge were evaluated. In addition, the systemic side effects of the IA injected drugs were also assessed" ]

[ "Colin O'Donoghue Colin Arthur O'Donoghue (born 26 January 1981) is an Irish actor and musician, best known for portraying Captain Killian \"\"Hook\"\" Jones on the TV show \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". He appeared in the 2011 horror thriller film \"\"The Rite\"\" (2011) as a sceptical novice priest, Michael Kovak. Colin O'Donoghue is the son of Con and Mary O'Donoghue, was born and raised in Drogheda, County Louth, in a Roman Catholic family. He has an older brother named Allen. He is the cousin of musician Harry O'Donoghue. He attended Dundalk Grammar School, and later The Gaiety School of Acting in" ]

[ "and when Henry decides that he wants to continue on his adventure, Emma suggests that Henry and Hook keep each other company. The original Hook and Emma say goodbye and leave the Magical Forest, and Hook begins his journey to finding his missing daughter with Henry and Regina in tow. Soon after, Hook, Regina and Henry meet Tiana and Ella (Jacinda) at a resistance camp formed to overthrow Lady Tremaine, and discuss plans about ambushing her castle. Some time many years later, Hook gets swept up in a curse and is given a new persona as Officer Rogers in the", "get close to Belle, whom he hopes to kill, since he blames Rumplestiltskin for the death of Mary Lydgate. Hook manages to arrive in time and kill Jekyll. As Jekyll dies, so too does Hyde. Later on, Hook learns that among the many people from the Land of Untold Stories who have returned are Nemo and his half-brother Liam. Believing Nemo dead, Liam seeks vengeance against Hook for both the deaths of Nemo and their father. On board the \"\"Nautilus\"\", Hook is nearly killed by Liam, but is rescued by Henry, who begins to look at Hook as a surrogate" ]

[ "The dog is at the soldiers side." ]

[ "The dog is biting the soldier." ]

[ "AIMS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-) agonists exert neuroprotective effects in the brain. Therefore, in this population-based cohort study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone, a PPAR- agonist, on the risk of dementia.METHODS: By using claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 6401 patients with diabetes who were treated with pioglitazone and 12,802 age- and sex-matched patients with diabetes who were never treated with pioglitazone from 2004 to 2009 and who were free of dementia at baseline.RESULTS: In total, 113 (1.8%) and 323 (2.5%) patients in the pioglitazone-treated and comparison cohorts, respectively, developed dementia during the 5-year follow-up. The risk of dementia decreased by 23% in the pioglitazone-treated cohort compared with that in the comparison cohort after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, and stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.62-0.96). In addition, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for dementia were 0.50 (0.34-0.75, P=.001) in high-cumulative dose users, 0.53 (0.36-0.77, P<.001) in long-term users, and 0.66 (0.49-0.90, P=.009) in high-mean daily dose users.CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone is a time- and dose-dependent protective factor against dementia in patients with diabetes. The risk of dementia is lower in long-term and high-dose pioglitazone users than in never users of pioglitazone." ]

[ "Insulin resistance is known to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, most likely linked to insulin signaling, microglia overactivation, and beta amyloid (A) deposition in the brain. Exenatide, a long lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, enhances insulin signaling and shows neuroprotective properties. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferated-activated receptor- (PPAR-) agonist, was previously reported to enhance cognition through its effect on A accumulation and clearance. In the present study, insulin resistance was induced in male rats by drinking fructose for 12 weeks. The effect of monotherapy with pioglitazone (10 mgkg(-1)) and exenatide or their combination on memory dysfunction was determined and some of the probable underlying mechanisms were studied. The current results confirmed that (1) feeding male rats with fructose syrup for 12 weeks resulted in a decline of learning and memory registered in eight-arm radial maze test; (2) treatment with pioglitazone or exenatide enhanced cognition, reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration, and reduced hippocampal microglia expression and beta amyloid oligomer deposition in a manner that is equal to monotherapies. These results may give promise for the use of pioglitazone or exenatide for ameliorating the learning and memory deficits associated with insulin resistance in clinical setting.", "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-) has a protective role in several neurological diseases. The present study investigated the effect of the PPAR- agonist, pioglitazone, on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in a rat model of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus (SE). The investigation proceeded in two stages. First, the course of activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in PTZ-induced SE was examined to determine the time-point of peak activity, as reflected by phopshorylated (p)-mTOR/mTOR and p-S6/S6 ratios. Subsequently, pioglitazone was administrated intragastrically to investigate its effect on the mTOR signaling pathway, through western blot and immunochemical analyses. The levels of the interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA, and neuronal loss was observed via Nissl staining. In the first stage of experimentation, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated, and the p-mTOR/mTOR and p-S6/S6 ratios peaked on the third day. Compared with the vehicle treated-SE group, pretreatment with pioglitazone was associated with the loss of fewer neurons, lower levels of IL-1 and IL-6, and inhibition of the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, the mTOR signaling pathway was activated in the PTZ-induced SE rat model, and the PPAR- agonist, pioglitazone, had a neuroprotective effect, by inhibiting activation of the mTOR pathway and preventing the increase in the levels of IL-1 and IL-6." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Childhood food allergy and asthma rates are increasing. The hygiene hypothesis has been proposed as an explanation for the increased incidence of allergic disease.OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of childhood food allergy and asthma with hygiene factors, such as the number of siblings, antibiotic use, infection history, pet exposure, child care exposure, and maternalchild factors.METHODS: Children ages 021 years old (N = 1359) were recruited for a cross-sectional family-based study, including children with food allergy and children without food allergy, and their siblings. We assessed the associations between childhood food allergy and asthma with hygiene factors.RESULTS: Of the 1359 children, 832 (61.2%) had food allergy, and 406 (30%) had asthma. In the adjusted analysis, the prevalence of food allergy was increased if there was a history of skin infection (prevalence ratio [RRR] 1.12 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.011.24]) or eczema (RRR 1.89 [95% CI, 1.702.10]). The prevalence of asthma was increased with a history of respiratory syncytial virus infection (RRR 1.60 [95% CI, 1.341.90]) or eczema (RRR 1.54 [95% CI, 1.271.86]). A greater number of siblings were associated with a decreased prevalence of food allergy (RRR 0.79 [95% CI, 0.750.84]) and asthma (RRR 0.82 [95% CI, 0.740.91]).CONCLUSION: Our findings supported the accumulating evidence of an association between skin infections and eczema with food allergy. Because these results could be subject to recall bias, additional prospective studies are needed to substantiate these findings." ]

[ "Gastrointestinal food allergies present during early childhood with a diverse range of symptoms. Cow's milk, soy and wheat are the three most common gastrointestinal food allergens. Several clinical syndromes have been described, including food protein-induced enteropathy, proctocolitis and enterocolitis. In contrast with immediate, IgE-mediated food allergies, the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms is delayed for at least 1-2 hours after ingestion in non-IgE-mediated allergic disorders. The pathophysiology of these non-IgE-mediated allergic disorders is poorly understood, and useful in vitro markers are lacking. The results of the skin prick test or measurement of the food-specific serum IgE level is generally negative, although low-positive results may occur. Diagnosis therefore relies on the recognition of a particular clinical phenotype as well as the demonstration of clear clinical improvement after food allergen elimination and the re-emergence of symptoms upon challenge. There is a significant clinical overlap between non-IgE-mediated food allergy and several common paediatric gastroenterological conditions, which may lead to diagnostic confusion. The treatment of gastrointestinal food allergies requires the strict elimination of offending food allergens until tolerance has developed. In breast-fed infants, a maternal elimination diet is often sufficient to control symptoms. In formula-fed infants, treatment usually involves the use an extensively hydrolysed or amino acid-based formula. Apart from the use of hypoallergenic formulae, the solid diets of these children also need to be kept free of specific food allergens, as clinically indicated. The nutritional progress of infants and young children should be carefully monitored, and they should undergo ongoing, regular food protein elimination reassessments by cautious food challenges to monitor for possible tolerance development.", "BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma and allergy has recently risen among children. This increase in prevalence might be related to various factors, particularly diet. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and association of asthma and allergic sensitization with dietary factors in the French Six Cities Study.METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were performed among 7432 schoolchildren aged 9-11 years in Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Cr?teil, Marseille, Reims, and Strasbourg. Parental questionnaires, based on the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), were used to collect information on allergic diseases and potential exposure factors including a food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary habits. Skin prick testing to common allergens for allergic sensitization and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) testing to exercise were performed. Confounders control was performed with multiple logistic regressions.RESULTS: Asthma symptoms, asthma and allergic sensitization were more prevalent in boys than in girls and were more prevalent in the South than in the North of France. After adjustment for confounders, fruit juice intake was associated with a low prevalence of lifetime asthma (ORa [95 % CI]; 0.73 [0.56-0.97]), butter intake was positively associated with atopic wheeze (1.48 [1.07-2.05]) and having lunch at the canteen 1-2 times/week compared to never or occasionally was associated with a lower prevalence of past year wheeze (0.71 [0.52-0.96]), lifetime asthma (0.76 [0.60-0.96]) and allergic sensitization (0.80 [0.67-0.95]). Meat intake was inversely related to past year wheeze among atopic children (0.68 [0.50-0.98]) while fast food consumption and butter intake were associated with an increase prevalence of asthma (2.39 [1.47-3.93] and 1.51 [1.17-2.00] respectively). Fish intake was associated with a lower prevalence of asthma among non-atopic children (0.61 [0.43-0.87]. None of the dietary factors was associated with BHR.CONCLUSIONS: Diet is associated with wheeze, asthma and allergic sensitization but not with BHR in children. These results provide further evidence that adherence to a healthy diet including fruits, meat and fish seems to have a protective effect on asthma and allergy in childhood. However, prospective and experimental studies are needed to provide causal evidence concerning the effect of diet on asthma and atopy." ]

[ "The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a 5-item self-administered tool designed to assess asthma control. It is said to be simple, easy and can be administered quickly by patients in the clinical practice setting. This stated benefit has yet to be demonstrated in our local clinical practice setting. The aim was to identify factors associated with difficulty in the administration of the ACT in different clinical practice settings in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. This is a prospective study performed from April to June 2008. All patients diagnosed with asthma and referred to an asthma nurse from the in-patient and out-patient clinical practice setting in Tan Tock Seng Hospital were enrolled. Four hundred and thirty-four patients were asked to complete the ACT tool. In the univariate model, we found that age, clinical setting and medical history to be significantly associated with the completion of the ACT. The odds of completion decreased by a factor of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89 to 0.94) for every year's increase in age, and this was statistically significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the odds ratio of completion for those with more than 3 medical conditions by history were 0.59 (95% CI, 0.48 to 0.71) as compared to those with less than 3 medical conditions by history, and this was also significant (P<0.001). In the multivariate model, we only found age to be an independent and significant factor. After adjusting for age, none of the other variables initially significant in the univariate model remained significant" ]

[ "Breathing exercises are used by some asthmatic patients, yet are often difficult to perform and time-consuming. This study evaluated a simple, modified breathing exercise program regarding ease to perform and effectiveness as an adjunctive therapy. Subjects age 18 to 65 with a current diagnosis of persistent asthma were enrolled. A program that incorporated three different breathing exercises (yoga pranayama techniques, diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing) was taught to subjects. The program was designed to be completed in less than 10 minutes per day. Subjects completed the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. They also completed a survey that asked them to rate the effectiveness and difficulty of the exercises, and whether they would recommend them in the future. A total of 74 subjects were enrolled in this study. The intervention improved breathing for 52.9% of the subjects, while 67.6% felt that their daily activity was improved and 66.1% noted that the exercises allowed decreased use of a rescue inhaler. Most subjects (80.9%) recommended breathing exercises as a complementary therapy for asthma and 79.4% of the subjects stated the exercises took less than 10 minutes per day total. Overall, ACT scores improved significantly (p = 0.002) with a statistically non-significant improvement in AQLQ scores", "Southeast Asian populations are increasingly affected by allergic airway diseases. Etiology and specific causes, however, are still unknown. The aim of this study is therefore to identify allergens and risk factors for the high prevalence of allergic airway disease in the tropical urban environment. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and allergic dermatitis were recorded in two independent cohorts of 576 and 7373 ethnic Chinese individuals living in Singapore. Reactivity against common allergens was determined by skin prick tests (SPT); specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) titers against 12 common allergens, as well as total serum IgE (tIgE), were measured in the smaller cohort. Immunoglobulin E sensitization was almost exclusively directed against house dust mite (HDM) allergens. More than 80% of individuals were HDM-sIgE positive. Of these, less than 30% also had sIgE for other allergens, and similarly, few of the HDM-sIgE-negative individuals reacted to other allergens. Titers for HDM-sIgE were 8-30 times higher than other non-HDM allergen titers and correlated directly with total serum tIgE levels. Migrants from nontropical countries typically arrived with low or undetectable HDM-sIgE but developed substantial titers in a time-dependent fashion. Importantly, prolonged stay in Singapore also resulted in the manifestation of AR and asthma symptoms, contributing to some of the highest national prevalence rates worldwide" ]

[ " As a New Zealand citizen, you can live and work in Australia indefinitely. When you enter Australia on your NZ passport, you automatically receive a Special Category Visa (SCV). You don't need to do anything else to live and work there." ]

[ " Do French Passport Holders Need a Visa for Australia? Unless you are an Australian citizen or a citizen of New Zealand, you will need to acquire a visa to enter Australia. French citizens traveling to Australia as tourists or for business purposes can apply for an eVisitor visa to Australia.", " ['Be at least 20 years of age.', \"Have held an unrestricted Australian Driver's Licence for at least 12 months in the last 2 years.\", 'Be an Australian or New Zealand Citizen, permanent resident of Australia.', 'or hold a visa allowing you to work in Australia.']" ]

[ "Need to check if UTI is occurring due to native PKD kidneys. Detail sonography and urological evaluation need to be done. If recurrent UTI (14 in past 15 months), Consideration should be given for removal of nonfunctional native PKD kidneys. Recurrent UTI will affect your transplanted kidney, and you may develop decreased urine output. As the patient is on transplant medications, he may not have classic symptoms of UTI like feve" ]

[ "Thanks for your query. This is almost 10 days that you are suffering from the symptoms. You also have headaches daily-pee- no appetite, tired and nausea. This can be due to severe urinary infection. I would advise you to go for the following tests:Blood - the routineUrine- Routine, microscopy, culture and sensitivity to get guideline if there is no response to a particular antibiotic ; Tidal for typhoid. This needs to be done before you start the antibiotic as a single dose can alter the pathology picture. The treatment will be composed of an antibiotic which acts the best for a urinary tract infection. The antibiotic can be changed by your Doctor is there is no response to one antibiotic and as per the reports of culture and sensitivity of the urine examination", "e is a patient of recurrent Units he is a diabetic patient he is more prone to recurrent infections. I would advise you to get a USG of abdomen and pelvis along with liver and kidney function test. these tests are to rule out possibility of kidney stones/ cysts and immune compromise due to various causes. it is better if you can get him evaluated by urologist for RECURRENT UTI. after the necessary workup he may have to a long term antibiotic therapy and any other treatment as advised by urologist his sugar levels should be monitored and maintained at recommended levels. hope my answer helps you if you have any more queries I would be happy to answe" ]

[ "Optimal therapy for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) presenting with synchronous brain-only oligometastases (SBO) is not well defined. We sought to analyze the effect of differing therapeutic paradigms in this subpopulation. We retrospectively analyzed NSCLC patients with 1-4 SBO diagnosed between 1/2000 and 1/2011 at our institution. Patients with T0 tumors or documented Karnofsky Performance Status <70 were excluded. Aggressive thoracic therapy (ATT) was defined as resection of the primary disease or chemoradiotherapy whose total radiation dose exceeded 45 Gy. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks models were used to analyze factors affecting survival and first recurrence in the brain. Sixty-six patients were included. Median follow-up was 31.9 months. Intrathoracic disease extent included 9 stage I, 10 stage II and 47 stage III patients. Thirty-eight patients received ATT, 28 did not. Patients receiving ATT were younger (median age 55 vs. 60.5 years, p=0.027) but were otherwise similar to those who did not. Receipt of ATT was associated with prolonged median overall survival (OS) (26.4 vs. 10.5 months; p<0.001) with actuarial 2-year rates of 54% vs. 26%. ATT remained associated with OS after controlling for age, thoracic stage, performance status and initial brain therapy (HR 0.40, p=0.009). On multivariate analysis, the risk of first failure in the brain was associated with receipt of ATT (HR 3.62, p=0.032) and initial combined modality brain therapy (HR 0.34, p=0.046)" ]

[ "The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy for patients with oligometastases from colorectal cancer (CRC).This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with liver and/or lung oligometastatic lesions from CRC treated with curative-intent radiotherapy in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between 2009 and 2013 were included. Radiotherapy modality included 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT); simultaneous chemotherapies along with radiotherapy of metastasis were allowed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Local control (LC) rates, toxicities, and factors of prognostic significance were also assessed.A total of 40 CRC patients with 57 liver and/or lung oligometastatic lesions were included. Most of the patients (95%) had received at least 1 line of previous systemic chemotherapy. Among them, 19 patients with 26 lesions received 3D-CRT with a median dose of 51.5 Gy in 16.1 fractions, 7 patients with 11 lesions received IMRT with a median dose of 49.3 Gy in 10.4 fractions, and 14 patients with 20 lesions received SBRT with a median dose of 56.4 Gy in 6.7 fractions, respectively. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 9-86 months). Median OS and PFS for patients were 30.0 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 21.3-38.7] and 11.0 months (95% CI, 9-13), respectively. One, 3, and 5 years' LC rates for metastasis were 63.2%, 24.6%, and 16.9%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, patients with metachronous metastases had longer OS (median, 41.0 months; 95% CI, 33.3-48.7) than patients with synchronous lesions (median, 17.0 months; 95% CI, 7.4-26.6, P = .001). All patients tolerated the radiation treatment well, and there was no treatment-related death. Multivariate analysis showed that number of metastasis lesions and simultaneous liver and lung metastases were potential survival predictors.The study demonstrated that curative radiotherapy might be a tolerable and potential alternative for the treatment of patients with liver and/or lung oligometastases from CRC, and patients with metachronous lesions might have better survival than those with synchronous lesions when treated with curative-intent radiotherapy.", "BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic impact of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with oligometastatic brain metastases, arbitrarily defined as max. Four brain lesions and 5 metastatic lesions overall.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective single institution analysis. Overall, 42 patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database.RESULTS: Seventeen patients (40%) had extracranial metastases. Twelve patients (29%) had elevated LDH (?255 U/l). Their median survival was significantly shorter than that of patients with normal LDH. Due to an interaction with performance status, this result was separately confirmed in patients with performance status ?70.CONCLUSION: Oligometastatic disease is not always correctly diagnosed, because all radiological modalities are limited by certain thresholds for detection of small metastases. We hypothesize that LDH is associated with survival, because this biomarker may reflect the total burden of malignant disease. Future studies should examine whether or not ablative local treatment of oligometastases is warranted in patients with elevated LDH." ]

[ "1. a government policy of promoting the business interests of its citizens in other countries. 2. diplomacy or foreign relations strengthened by well-publicized aid to a country, as in the form of food, medicine, machinery, and extensive credit. [1905–10, Amer." ]

[ "noun. 1. statesmanship, foreign affairs, international relations, statecraft, international negotiation Today's resolution is significant for American diplomacy. 2. tact, skill, sensitivity, craft, discretion, subtlety, delicacy, finesse, savoir-faire, artfulness It took all his powers of diplomacy to get her to return.", "Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states. It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to a full range of topical issues. International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians." ]

[ "The validity of preclinical studies of candidate therapeutic agents has been questioned given their limited ability to predict their fate in clinical development, including due to design flaws and reporting bias. In this study, we examined this issue in depth by conducting a meta-analysis of animal studies investigating the efficacy of the clinically approved kinase inhibitor, sorafenib. MEDLINE, Embase, and BIOSIS databases were searched for all animal experiments testing tumor volume response to sorafenib monotherapy in any cancer published until April 20, 2012. We estimated effect sizes from experiments assessing changes in tumor volume and conducted subgroup analyses based on prespecified experimental design elements associated with internal, construct, and external validity. The meta-analysis included 97 experiments involving 1,761 animals. We excluded 94 experiments due to inadequate reporting of data. Design elements aimed at reducing internal validity threats were implemented only sporadically, with 66% reporting animal attrition and none reporting blinded outcome assessment or concealed allocation. Anticancer activity against various malignancies was typically tested in only a small number of model systems. Effect sizes were significantly smaller when sorafenib was tested against either a different active agent or combination arm. Trim and fill suggested a 37% overestimation of effect sizes across all malignancies due to publication bias. We detected a moderate dose-response in one clinically approved indication, hepatocellular carcinoma, but not in another approved malignancy, renal cell carcinoma, or when data were pooled across all malignancies tested. In support of other reports, we found that few preclinical cancer studies addressed important internal, construct, and external validity threats, limiting their clinical generalizability. Our findings reinforce the need to improve guidelines for the design and reporting of preclinical cancer studies. Cancer Res; 76(16); 4627-36. 2016 AACR." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Currently, the only FDA-approved systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the multi-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, which provides only modest clinical benefit. We recently showed that treatment with a phosphatidylserine (PS) targeting agent suppresses tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature and reactivating antitumor immunity.METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that sorafenib increases PS exposure on tumor vasculature, thereby enhancing the antitumor efficacy of PS targeting. We evaluated the efficacy of combining a PS targeting agent (2aG4) with sorafenib in murine xenograft models of human HCC.RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that combination of 2aG4 and sorafenib had a superior therapeutic effect over single agent therapy. Mechanistic studies showed that sorafenib significantly increased PS exposure on tumor vasculature; the percentage of PS-positive vessels increased from 19 to 52, 23 to 68, and 30 to 55% in PLC/PRF/5, C3A, and Huh7 tumors, respectively. Combination therapy significantly decreased tumor microvessel density and the level of M2 macrophages, while increasing the apoptotic index of tumor endothelial cells and the frequency of M1 macrophages. Furthermore, we report the findings of a Phase I clinical study of bavituximab, a chimeric version of 2aG4, combined with sorafenib in HCC patients. The Phase I results demonstrate the appropriate dose of bavituximab to be given with sorafenib in future clinical trials.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results strongly support the combination of bavituximab with sorafenib as a promising systemic therapeutic strategy for the treatment for advanced HCC patients.", "Background: Sorafenib is a multikinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitor commonly used in a variety of cancers. There are concerns about the increased risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) and fatal adverse events (FAEs) with sorafenib. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis of all phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sorafenib to quantify the increased risk of SAEs and FAEs.Patients and methods: We carried out a systematic search of electronic databases for studies published from inception to February 2016 without any restrictions. Eligibility criteria included phase 3 RCTs of solid tumors comparing sorafenib, alone or in combination with nontargeted chemotherapy (Sorafenib arm) versus placebo or nontargeted chemotherapy (control arm). Data on SAEs and FAEs for both the arms were extracted from each study and pooled to determine the overall incidence, relative risks (RRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).Results: Of 471 studies identified, a total of 12 phase 3 RCTs involving 6797 solid cancer patients comparing sorafenib with control met the eligibility criteria and were included. The overall incidence of SAEs and FAEs with sorafenib were 26.4% (95% CI, 18.0-36.9%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.8-2.2%), respectively. Compared with control, sorafenib use significantly increased the risk of both SAEs (RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89, P = 0.001) and FAEs (RR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05-3.14, P = 0.033). This association varied significantly with cancer types (P < 0.001) and approval status (P = 0.012) for SAEs but no evidence of heterogeneity was found for FAEs.Conclusions: This meta-analysis of phase 3 RCTs demonstrates an increased risk of both SAEs and FAEs with sorafenib use in adult patients with solid cancers. This quantification of increased risks of SAEs and FAEs will be important in considering the trade-off of sorafenib treatment during shared decision-making." ]

[ "Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced by yeast during winemaking and possesses off-flavors reminiscent of rotten eggs. The production of H2S during fermentation has also been associated in the finished wine with the rise of additional volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) with strong aromas of cooked onions and vegetables. To characterize these more complex VSCs produced from H2S, we performed fermentations in synthetic grape juice. H2S production was manipulated experimentally by feeding increasing concentrations of sulfate to mutant strains that are unable to incorporate H2S efficiently as part of the sulfur assimilation pathway. In finished wines from these mutants, three VSCs - ethanethiol, S-ethyl thioacetate and diethyl disulfide - increased proportionally to H2S. (34)S-labeled sulfate fed to the MET17-deleted strain was incorporated into same three VSCs, demonstrating that they are formed directly from H2S." ]

[ "Biohydrogen production via fermentative routes offers considerable advantages in waste recycling and sustainable energy production. This can be realized by single-stage dark or photofermentative processes, or by a two-stage integrated process; the latter offering the higher production yields due to complete conversion of sugar substrates into H2 and CO2. However, problems arising from the integration of these two processes limit its scale-up and implementation. Hence, high efficiency one-step fermentative biohydrogen production processes from sugar-rich wastes are preferable. In this study, different strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria were investigated for their biohydrogen production capacity on pure sucrose and sugar beet molasses, and the feasibility of single-stage photofermentative biohydrogen production was evaluated. A single-stage photofermentation process was carried out using four different strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria (Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710, R. capsulatus YO3, Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris DSM 127) on different initial sucrose concentrations. The highest hydrogen yield obtained was 10.5mol H2/mol of sucrose and the maximum hydrogen productivity was 0.78mmol/Lh by Rp. palustris on 5mM sucrose. A hydrogen yield of 19mol H2/mol sucrose, which represents 79% of theoretical yield, and a maximum hydrogen productivity of 0.55mmol/L h were obtained by Rp. palustris from sugar beet molasses. The yield was comparable to those values obtained in two-stage processes. The present study demonstrates that single-stage photofermentation using purple non-sulfur bacteria on sucrose-based wastes is promising.", "A combination bioprocess of solid-state fermentation (SSF) and dark fermentative hydrogen production from food waste was developed. Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae were utilized in SSF from food waste to generate glucoamylase and protease which were used to hydrolyze the food waste suspension to get the nutrients-rich (glucose and free amino nitrogen (FAN)) hydrolysate. Both glucose and FAN increased with increasing of food waste mass ratio from 4% to 10% (w/v) and the highest glucose (36.9 g/L) and FAN (361.3mg/L) were observed at food waste mass ratio of 10%. The food waste hydrolysates were then used as the feedstock for dark fermentative hydrogen production by heat pretreated sludge. The best hydrogen yield of 39.14 ml H2/g food waste (219.91 ml H2/VSadded) was achieved at food waste mass ratio of 4%. The proposed combination bioprocess could effectively accelerate the hydrolysis rate, improve raw material utilization and enhance hydrogen yield." ]

[ " There's a short answer, and there's a long answer.\n\nThe short answer is that nobody knows why that causes you — or any of the many people like you — to faint. It's a complete mystery.\n\nThe longer answer, though, is that the *mechanism* by which you faint is well understood. It's called *vasovagal syncope.* Syncope is the medical term for a transient loss of consciousness; if you black out for no external reason and recover seconds or minutes later on your own, that's syncope.\n\nThis particular type of syncope is called vasovagal, *vaso* referring to the vascular system and *vagal* indicating a relationship to the vagus nerve, an important nerve in your chest.\n\nWhen it happens, your body's *parasympathetic* nervous response ramps up, while your *sympathetic* nervous response is diminished. In broad terms, the parasympathetic response is responsible for what they call \"feed and breed\"; it handles things like digestion and sexual arousal, stuff that happens to us when we're relaxed and feel safe. The sympathetic response handles what people commonly call \"fight or flight,\" which happens when your body is spurred into attentiveness and readied to expend a ton of energy in a short burst.\n\nYour parasympathetic and sympathetic responses are normally kept in balance, ebbing and flowing more-or-less in a rhythm. Your parasympathetic response makes you want to lay down and sleep at night, and your sympathetic response makes you want to wake up and be active in the morning.\n\nBut the vasovagal response upsets the balance of these two systems. It suppresses the sympathetic response and amplifies the parasympathetic response. This has several effects, but the ones that matter most are the *cardioinhibitory* effect and the *vasodepressor* effect. Basically, your heart rate slows down and your blood pressure drops. As a result, your brain is (mildly and temporarily) deprived of both oxygen and glucose, and you lose consciousness.\n\nBut as soon as you're out, the vasovagal response fades away, and your parasympathetic and sympathetic responses reassert themselves. Your BP and heart rate both come back up, and you wake up again, usually just seconds later.\n\n*Why* this happens is a bit of a mystery. Evolutionary biologists occasionally throw out the notion that the vasovagal response to stress is in some way an adaptation, that it's like a \"play dead\" reflex that deters predators … but nobody really buys that as anything other than amusing speculation. Too many things about our bodies just *work they way they do* and have no reason or rationale behind them.\n\nSo the upshot is that the sight of blood triggers your vasovagal response, which in turn triggers your \"sleep time now\" reflex, and you faint. As soon as you do, your body returns to its normal state, and you wake up again. The only danger is that you might bump your head on your way down, but aside from that, it's both harmless and *entirely* within the normal range. Not everybody gets the vasovagal response from the sight of blood, but many do, and *everybody* gets it sometimes, regardless of individual differences in trigger stimuli." ]

[ " ELI5: When you are standing up, gravity pulls your blood down. When you faint, your body goes limp and the blood gets to your head more easily.\n\nELI15:Say you are walking around, then something happens, like you get a stroke, or your blood pressure drops rapidly due to blood loss, or any situation where blood can't get to your brain. As a medic, if someone is going into shock, we elevate their feet about a foot above the patient's head so the blood can get to their head. This will get the much needed blood to the brain as brain cells (generally) don't grow back. \n\nAlso, thats why if you see someone faint, then they \"wake up\" only to stand up and faint again. (Blood pressure in their head drops when they stand up). And if someone faints in a wheelchair... well they are screwed.\n\nEDIT: To answer your question... There is no kill switch for the brain. Its when the blood pressure drops too low and your brain *can't* function. That's why Air Force Pilots must be trained because the maneuvers they do go up to really high Gs which would cause MOST people to black out. \n\nAnd I think the only benefit of fainting is to get more blood to your head.", " Yes you faint because you're brain gets less blood, but that happens because of a sudden drop in blood pressure. This sudden drop in blood pressure is a defense mechanism for when we are injured to keep us from bleeding out. For some people this mechanism is more sensitive and they'll faint at the sight of blood without being injured." ]

[ "Welcome to Chat Doctor According to your X-ray report it looks like the right diagnosis, as age is 23 years only. In this age loss of normal curvature is not decorative process, so don't worry. Due to heavy exercise or weight lifting para spinal muscles get hurt and spasm. Just take muscle relaxant tablets like MySpace or consult your physician and take rest. If she has chronic pain for long duration then we can think for investigation like MRI spine. Thanking you" ]

[ "Based on the description of your symptoms, it is highly suggestive that you have suffered a Lumbar disc prolapse (due to fall) that is causing pressure over the adjacent nerve roots resulting in articular pain (sharp & tingling pain) down the legs. An MRI scan of the Lumbar spine which help in diagnosing the severity of the problem. The initial management for this condition is by conservative measures as follows - Usually 1-2 days of bed rest will calm severe back pain. Do not stay off your feet for longer, though. - Change your daily activities so that you avoid movements that can cause further pain, especially bending forward and lifting as it will worsen the disc protrusion. If you want to bend forwards, do it with your hips and knees flexed. - Avoid lifting heavy weights as it imparts more strain on your back-Use a lumbosacral back support to stabilize your spinal muscles-Use analgesics like Advil or alive and muscle relaxants to relieve pain and muscle spasm, as needed. Vitamin B12 supplements & Pregabalin may be helpful in controlling the neuropathic pain. - After the initial pain has subsided, remedial exercises to strengthen the spine are very important to restore normal spinal movements and muscle strength. The main aim of exercise is to encourage mobility, reduce muscle spasm, prevent further deterioration in the muscles and speed recovery. If your fail to improve with the above measures, an Epidural steroid injection may provide good symptom relief for a few months. There is good evidence that epidural injections can be successful in 60-70% of patients who have not been helped by 6 weeks or more of conservative management (nonsurgical care).", "Thanks for your question at Chat Doctor. Straightening of lumbar spine(as seen in your x-ray) indicates spasm of the muscles around your spine. The muscles of our back go into spasm after any painful stimulus(the stimulus can be sprained muscle or a pinched nerve or slip disc). This spasm of the muscle around the spine is responsible for straightening of spine. So it is the effect of the pain and not the cause of pain. X-ray is an investigation for the bony structure of your spine. It does not give a y information about a pinched nerve or a slip disc. MRI will give a better idea about the source of your pain. If you have numbness in your legs, and you have completed 6 weeks of treatment with medicines and physiotherapy, it would be prudent to rule out the cause of pain by getting an MRI of your lumbar(lower) spine." ]

[ "Few studies have reported on outcomes in samples of elderly people with SCI and the impact of the age at onset of SCI is unclear. To study levels of participation and life satisfaction in individuals with SCI aged 65 years or older and to analyze differences in participation and life satisfaction scores between individuals injured before or after 50 years of age. This cross-sectional survey included 128 individuals with SCI who were at least 65 years old. Age at onset was dichotomized as<50 or ≥ 50 years of age. Participation was measured with the Frequency scale of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation-Participation, and life satisfaction was measured with 5 items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated form. Participants who were injured before 50 years of age showed similar levels of functional status and numbers of secondary health conditions but higher participation and life satisfaction scores compared to participants injured at older age. In the multiple regression analysis of participation, lower current age, higher education, and having paraplegia were significant independent determinants of increased participation (explained variance, 25.7%). In the regression analysis of life satisfaction, lower age at onset and higher education were significant independent determinants of higher life satisfaction (explained variance, 15.3%)" ]

[ "Involving persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) as experts in their lives is important for research to design relevant health care interventions. The purpose of this study was to use photovoice methods to explore experiences of barriers and possibilities in return to work among working adults with SCI. The photovoice group consisted of six persons living with SCI that met weekly over 2 months to share and discuss photos related to return to work. Five themes were identified: (a) there is only one way, (b) welcome back-or not, (c) to be like anyone else-or to be perceived as someone else, (d) friction in the absence of clarity, and (e) finding integrated strategies for everyday life with work. Work was experienced as rewarding and viable, but due to lack of societal and workplace support, a need to map out one's own paths toward work was identified.", "OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the two briefest validated ICF-based (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) tools can detect differences between different spinal conditions.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: University hospital rehabilitation clinic.SUBJECTS: A total of 84 patients with spinal cord injury and 81 with chronic spinal pain.MAIN MEASURES: Disability evaluated using self-reported and proxy 12-item WHODAS 2.0 ((World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule), and physician-rated WHO minimal generic data set covering functioning and health.FINDINGS: The two measures used showed severe disability in both patient populations, those with spinal cord injury (mean age 47.5 years, SD 13.2) and those with chronic spinal pain (mean age 47.2 years, SD 9.5), WHODAS patient sum being 18.4 (SD 9.6) versus 22.0 (SD 9.0), P < 0.05, and the WHO generic data set 15.6 (SD 4.4) versus 14.2 (SD 3.7), P < 0.01, respectively. Correlations between patient and proxy ratings and between the two disability scales were mostly strong. Severe restrictions were found in the working ability of both the populations, in mobility of patients with spinal cord injury and in pain function of patients with chronic spinal pain. In this tertiary clinic patient population, patients with spinal pain perceived more problems in emotional and cognitive functions, and in participation than patients with spinal cord injury.CONCLUSIONS: Both scales were able to find differences between two patient populations with severe disability." ]

[ "The average true range is an N-day smoothed moving average (SMMA) of the true range values.Wilder recommended a 14-period smoothing.he range of a day's trading is simply. The true range extends it to yesterday's closing price if it was outside of today's range. The true range is the largest of the: 1 Most recent period's high minus the most recent period's low. 2 Absolute value of the most recent period's high minus the previous close." ]

[ "In this case, the measurements have a larger variance, but the average of the measurements is very close to the target value of 12 oz. Or maybe your measurements are all over the place, with samples measuring at 11.64 oz., 12.35 oz., and 13.04 oz., in which case your scale may be neither accurate nor precise.", "These kinds of tests typically use one SD from the mean as the definition of average which incorporates around 68% of the normal curve. Ability tests, on the other hand, typically use the standard score range of 90-110 which incorporates around 50% of the normal curve." ]

[ "The definition of juice is to get the liquid out of something, or to make something more lively. When you squeeze an orange to get the liquid out, this is an example of when you juice the orange. When you liven up a party by playing music, this is an example of when you juice up the party." ]

[ "When a fruit's juice is too sour, acidic, or rich to consume, it's often diluted with water and sugar to create an ade (such as lemonade, limeade, cherryade, and orangeade). The ade suffix may also refer to any sweetened, fruit-flavored drink, whether or not it actually contains any juice.", "Juice Lyrics. [Produced by Nate Fox] [Intro] Thirsty, thirsty, tryna choose. I mean, I know I'm pretty cool. My Nitty bag, my kitty boost. I got the juice, I got the juice. [Verse 1] Chano, Chatham's own. Foolies glad I'm home." ]

[ "their higher concentration—against the concentration gradient or other obstructing factor. Unlike passive transport, which uses the kinetic energy and natural entropy of molecules moving down a gradient, active transport uses cellular energy to move them against a gradient, polar repulsion, or other resistance. Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it is termed primary active transport. Secondary active transport involves the use of an electrochemical gradient. Examples of active transport include the uptake" ]

[ "and 85 W. Energy needed to perform short lasting, high intensity bursts of activity is derived from anaerobic metabolism within the cytosol of muscle cells, as opposed to aerobic respiration which utilizes oxygen, is sustainable, and occurs in the mitochondria. The quick energy sources consist of the phosphocreatine (PCr) system, fast glycolysis, and adenylate kinase. All of these systems re-synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the universal energy source in all cells. The most rapid source, but the most readily depleted of the above sources is the PCr system which utilizes the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme catalyzes a reaction", "growth and development of a biological cell or an organelle of a biological organism. Energy is thus often said to be stored by cells in the structures of molecules of substances such as carbohydrates (including sugars), lipids, and proteins, which release energy when reacted with oxygen in respiration. In human terms, the human equivalent (H-e) (Human energy conversion) indicates, for a given amount of energy expenditure, the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism, assuming an average human energy expenditure of 12,500 kJ per day and a basal metabolic rate of 80 watts. For example, if our bodies run" ]

[ "A common characteristic of Roma as a cultural group is that they do not allow their elderly to die alone. Nevertheless, rooted in a mainstream cultural perspective of health provision services, public institutions usually do not allow Roma people to be with their loved ones in their last moments. Following the communicative methodology, we conducted a communicative case study on the death of the most relevant female Roma leader in Catalonia. She was accompanied by more than two hundred family members and friends in her room and corridor at an important hospital in Barcelona. We performed our research in the 2 years following her death to obtain the reflections of the Roma members involved. These reflections revealed the egalitarian dialogue forged between these Roma members and the hospital personnel, which enabled the former to embrace their culture and support their loved ones before death. Because this dialogue was possible and fruitful, the acknowledgment of cultural diversity and the improvement of the quality of services offered to Roma might also be possible in other health institutions." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: We examined mortality time trends and premature mortality among individuals with and without schizophrenia over a 20-year period.METHODS: In this population-based, repeated cross-sectional study, we identified all individual deaths that occurred in Ontario between 1993 and 2012 in persons aged 15 and over. We plotted overall and cause-specific age- and sex-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), stratified all-cause ASMR trends by sociodemographic characteristics, and analyzed premature mortality using years of potential life lost. Additionally, we calculated mortality rate ratios (MRRs) using negative binomial regression with adjustment for age, sex, income, rurality and year of death.RESULTS: We identified 31 349 deaths among persons with schizophrenia, and 1 589 902 deaths among those without schizophrenia. Mortality rates among people with schizophrenia were 3 times higher than among those without schizophrenia (adjusted MRR 3.12, 95% confidence interval 3.06-3.17). All-cause ASMRs in both groups declined in parallel over the study period, by about 35%, and were higher for men, for those with low income and for rural dwellers. The absolute ASMR difference also declined throughout the study period (from 16.15 to 10.49 deaths per 1000 persons). Cause-specific ASMRs were greater among those with schizophrenia, with circulatory conditions accounting for most deaths between 1993 and 2012, whereas neoplasms became the leading cause of death for those without schizophrenia after 2005. Individuals with schizophrenia also died, on average, 8 years younger than those without schizophrenia, losing more potential years of life.INTERPRETATION: Although mortality rates among people with schizophrenia have declined over the past 2 decades, specialized approaches may be required to close the persistent 3-fold relative mortality gap with the general population.", "OBJECTIVES: Roma from Central-Eastern Europe experience a reduced life expectancy in comparison with the general population. Predisposing cardiovascular risk factors could be the underlying reason for this. Here for the first time epidemiologic data on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors in a subgroup of French Roma has been presented.METHODS: A descriptive epidemiological field survey was conducted in the Manouche community of Pau, Southwestern France. Fifty participants were included (17 men and 33 women) all living in caravans. A questionnaire to ask for demographic and health information was used, and biometric measurements were took in order to assess cardiovascular risk factors.RESULTS: Our sample included 18% diabetics, 32% people suffering from hypertension, 28% subjects with hypercholesterolemia, and 34% smokers. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 40% and 38% and that of abdominal obesity 64%. These frequencies were about twice those found in the general French population.CONCLUSION: Although our sample was of limited size, our data suggest that French Manouches express a high-risk profile regarding cardiovascular disease, as has been reported for Roma from various countries. Both intrinsic and environmental factors may explain this." ]

[ "a couple was there" ]

[ "the boys were angry" ]

[ "The shirt is green." ]

[ "The shirt is red." ]

[ "Nanomaterials having enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) make them suitable candidates for various biomedical applications. In this study, we demonstrate the morphology-dependent enzyme mimetic activity of Mn3 O4 nanoparticles. It is found that Mn3 O4 nanoparticles mimic the functions of all three cellular antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Interestingly, the nanozyme activity of Mn3 O4 depends on various factors including size, morphology, surface area, and the redox properties of the metal ions. The Mn3 O4 nanoflowers exhibited remarkably high activity in all three enzyme systems and the order of multienzyme activity of different morphologies was: flowers ? flakes > hexagonal plates?polyhedrons?cubes. Interestingly, all five nanoforms are taken up by the mammalian cells and were found to be biocompatible, with very low cytotoxicity. The activity of the most active nanoflowers was studied in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (hPMEC) and it was found that Mn3 O4 does not reduce the level of nitric oxide (NO). This is in contrast to the effect of some of the Mn-porphyrin-based SOD mimetics, which are known to scavenge NO in endothelial cells." ]

[ "Functional interactions between endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the arterial wall are necessary for controlling vasoreactivity that underlies vascular resistance and tone. Key signaling pathways converge on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (p-MLC), the molecular signature of force production in SMCs, through coordinating the relative activities of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin phosphatase (MP). Notch signaling in the vessel wall serves critical roles in arterial formation and maturation and has been implicated in arterial vasoregulation. In this report, we hypothesized that Notch signaling through ligands Jagged1 (in SMCs) and delta-like protein-4 (Dll4; in ECs) regulates vasoreactivity via homotypic (SMC-SMC) and heterotypic (EC-SMC) cell interactions. Using ligand induction assays, we demonstrated that Jagged1 selectively induced smooth muscle MLCK gene expression and p-MLC content while inhibiting MP function (i.e., increased Ca2+ sensitization) in a Rho kinase II-dependent manner. Likewise, selective deficiency of smooth muscle Jagged1 in mice resulted in MLCK and p-MLC loss, reduced Ca2+ sensitization, and impaired arterial force generation measured by myography. In contrast, smooth muscle Notch signaling triggered by Dll4 increased expression of MP-targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1; the MP regulatory subunit), whereas arteries from endothelial Dll4-deficient mice featured reduced MYPT1 levels, enhanced force production, and impaired relaxation independent of endothelium-derived nitric oxide signaling. Taken together, this study identifies novel opposing vasoregulatory functions for ligand-specific Notch signaling in the vessel wall, underscoring instructional signaling between ECs and SMCs and suggesting that Notch signals might behave as a \"rheostat\" in arterial tone control. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study unveils novel roles for ligand-specific Notch signaling in arterial function. Smooth muscle Jagged1 and endothelial cell delta-like protein-4 ligands exhibit selective regulation of myosin light chain kinase and myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1/myosin phosphatase, respectively, providing a mechanistic link through which Notch signals modulate contractile activities in vascular smooth muscle. These findings may inform vascular derangements observed in human syndromes of Notch signaling deficiency while offering fundamental molecular insights into arterial physiological function.", "Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1), the most abundant enzyme of the complement lectin pathway, is able to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to alter the expression of several cytokines and adhesion molecules. This study has assessed to what extent MASP-1 is able to modify the transcriptional pattern of inflammation-related (IR) genes in HUVECs. We utilized Agilent microarray to analyse the effects of recombinant MASP-1 (rMASP-1) in HUVECs, on a set of 884 IR genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed an overall activation of inflammation-related genes in response to rMASP-1. rMASP-1 treatment up- and down-regulated 19 and 11 IR genes, respectively. Most of them were previously unidentified, such as genes of chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3), inflammatory receptors (TLR2, BDKRB2) and other inflammatory factors (F3, LBP). Expression of IR genes changed early, during the first 2 hours of activation. Both p38-MAPK inhibitor and NFB inhibitor efficiently suppressed the effect of rMASP-1. We delineated 12 transcriptional factors as possible regulators of rMASP-1-induced IR genes. Our microarray-based data are in line with the hypothesis that complement lectin pathway activation, generating active MASP-1, directly regulates inflammatory processes by shifting the phenotype of endothelial cells towards a more pro-inflammatory type." ]

[ "We treated 123cancer patients with a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and dendritic cell therapy between June 2015 and April 2019. The effective rate of cases administered for B3times was 51.5%. Hyperthermia was found to enhance the effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In addition, hyperthermia enhanced the effects of combined immunotherapy. In clinical cases and animal models, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of PD-L1 and MHC class? and invasion of CD8 cells were increased after hyperthermia." ]

[ "Hyperthermia (HT) acts as a cancer treatment by direct cell killing, radiosensitization, and promotion of tumor reoxygenation. The sensor proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR) are the direct targets of HT. However, the spatiotemporal properties of sensor proteins under HT are still unclear. Therefore, investigating the impact of HT on sensor proteins is of great importance. In the present study, the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 stably transfected with 53BP1-GFP [the DDR protein 53BP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP)] was used to investigate the real-time cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by -rays. Using live-cell imaging combined with HT treatment, the spatiotemporal properties of the 53BP1 protein were directly monitored and quantitatively studied. We found that HT could delay and decrease the formation of 53BP1 ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF). Moreover, through the in situ tracking of individual IRIF, it was found that HT resulted in more unrepaired IRIF over the period of observation compared with IR alone. Additionally, the unrepaired IRIF had a larger area, higher intensity, and slower repair rate. Indeed, almost every cell treated with HT had unrepaired IRIF, and the majority of these IRIF increased in area individually, while the rest increased in area by the merging of adjacent IRIF. In summary, our study demonstrated that HT could perturb the primary event in the DDR induced by IR, and this may have important implications for cancer treatment and heat radiosensitization.", "The pleiotropic effects of hyperthermia on cancer cells have been well documented, and microwave hyperthermia (MWHT) has been widely applied for multifarious cancer treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effect of MWHT combined with gemcitabine (GEM) remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in the thermo‑chemotherapy of human squamous cell lung carcinoma cells. It was observed that MWHT combined with GEM potently suppressed the viability of NCI‑H2170 and NCI‑H1703 cells, and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Notably, MWHT with GEM induced autophagy, as indicated by the formation of autophagic vacuoles, downregulation of p62 and upregulation of light chain 3‑II. It was further demonstrated that the autophagy was due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas N‑acetyl cysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the level of autophagy. However, when the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine was used, there was no significant change in the production of ROS. Furthermore, it was observed that MWHT combined with GEM downregulated the protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), p‑AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p‑mTOR, phosphorylated S6 (pS6) and p70 S6 kinase, which are associated with autophagy. In addition, the results demonstrated that ROS served as an upstream mediator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. In light of these findings, the present study provides original insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the cell death induced by MWHT combined with GEM, and this may be a promising approach for the treatment of human squamous cell lung carcinoma." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treatment for children requires growth hormone injections, typically administered daily until the child reaches adult height. Child GHD treatment burden is not well understood and no disease-specific measures exist to assess this burden. The purpose of the study was to explore GHD treatment burden for children and their parents by conducting concept elicitation interviews supporting a theoretical model of the impact of GHD treatment.METHODS: Four focus groups (in Germany) and 52 telephone interviews (in the UK and USA) were conducted with children/adolescents with GHD aged 8 to <13years and parents of children with GHD aged ?4 to <13years. The purpose of the interviews was to understand the experience of GHD treatment from the child's perspective, and for parents, the impact of their child's treatment on themselves. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically based on modified grounded theory principles.RESULTS: Interviews with 70 respondents who produced descriptions (n=73) of patients experiences with GHD treatment (three parents spoke for two children each) were conducted. Analysis identified three major areas of GHD treatment burden for children: physical; emotional well-being; and interference. Parent burdens identified were: emotional well-being and interference. Modifiers such as treatment efficacy and duration, which may impact the degree of treatment burden severity, were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Overall treatment burden of child GHD is considerable for children and their parents. The concept elicitation and theoretical model can be used to develop a disease-specific outcome measure, which adequately reflects the burden of GHD treatment for children and their parents." ]

[ "Context: Although pediatric growth hormone (GH) treatment is generally considered safe for approved indications, concerns have been raised regarding potential for increased risk of mortality in adults treated with GH during childhood.Objective: To assess mortality in children receiving GH.Design: Prospective, multinational, observational study.Setting: Eight hundred twenty-seven study sites in 30 countries.Patients: Children with growth disorders.Interventions: GH treatment during childhood.Main Outcome Measure: Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using age- and sex-specific rates from the general population.Results: Among 9504 GH-treated patients followed for ?4 years (67,163 person-years of follow-up), 42 deaths were reported (SMR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.05). SMR was significantly elevated in patients with history of malignant neoplasia (6.97; 95% CI, 3.81 to 11.69) and borderline elevated for those with other serious non-GH-deficient conditions (2.47; 95% CI, 0.99-5.09). SMRs were not elevated for children with history of benign neoplasia (1.44; 95% CI, 0.17 to 5.20), idiopathic GHD (0.11; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.33), idiopathic short stature (0.20; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1.10), short stature associated with small for gestational age (SGA) birth (0.66; 95% CI, 0.08 to 2.37), Turner syndrome (0.51; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.83), or short stature homeobox-containing (SHOX) gene deficiency (0.83; 95% CI, 0.02 to 4.65).Conclusions: No significant increases in mortality were observed for GH-treated children with idiopathic GHD, idiopathic short stature, born SGA, Turner syndrome, SHOX deficiency, or history of benign neoplasia. Mortality was elevated for children with prior malignancy and those with underlying serious non-GH-deficient medical conditions.", "The aim of our prospective case-control study was to evaluate long-term effects of GH replacement therapy on erythrocytes parameters, leukocytes, and platelets numbers in a large cohort of children with isolated GH deficiency (GHD). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were evaluated in 85 children with isolated GHD (10.203.50years) before and annually during the first 5years of GH replacement therapy and in 85 healthy children age and sex comparable to patients during 5years of follow-up. Compared with controls, GHD children at study entry showed lower Hb (-1.180.87 vs. -0.400.90 SDS, p<0.0001), red cells number (-0.240.81 vs. 0.251.14 SDS, p<0.0001), and Hct (-1.180.86 vs. -0.680.99 SDS, p<0.0001). Twelve GHD patients (14%) showed a normocytic anemia. GH therapy was associated with a significant increase in Hb, Hct, and red cells number which became all comparable to controls within the first 2years of treatment. Moreover, hemoglobin levels normalized in all anemic GHD patients after 5years of therapy. No difference between patients and controls was found in leukocytes and platelets numbers neither at baseline nor during the study. GHD in childhood is associated with an impairment of erythropoiesis which causes a normocytic anemia in a considerable percentage of patients. GH replacement therapy exerts a beneficial effect leading to a significant increase of erythrocytes parameters and recovery from anemia. Neither GHD nor GH replacement treatment exerts effects on leukocytes or platelets numbers." ]

[ "In food industries, enzymatic starch hydrolysis is an important process that consists of two steps: gelatinization and saccharification. One of the major difficulties in designing the starch hydrolysis process is the sharp change in its rheological properties. In this study, Taylor-Couette flow reactor was applied to continuous starch hydrolysis process. The concentration of reducing sugar produced via enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated by varying operational variables: rotational speed of the inner cylinder, axial velocity (reaction time), amount of enzyme, and initial starch content in the slurry. When Taylor vortices were formed in the annular space, efficient hydrolysis occurred because Taylor vortices improved the mixing of gelatinized starch with enzyme. Furthermore, a modified inner cylinder was proposed, and its mixing performance was numerically investigated. The modified inner cylinder showed higher potential for enhanced mixing of gelatinized starch and the enzyme than the conventional cylinder." ]

[ "In the present study chemical modification of glutinous rice starch was carried out using 1-Buatnol-hydrochloric acid with varying time and temperature. The changes in physico-chemical, dynamic rheological and morphological properties of starch during hydrolysis was investigated. There was a significant increase in water solubility of starch due to modification; however, swelling and sedimentation value decrease after modification. The peak, hold and final viscosity of modified starches were decreased significantly as compared to native starch. Thermal properties and dynamic rheological properties of rice starch were changed with the change in time and temperature during modification. The storage (G') modulus, loss (G″) modulus, dynamic viscosity (') and complex viscosity (*) of modified starches were varied significantly. Analysis of microstructure revealed that the hydrolysis altered morphology of starch granules. The hydrolysis was affected the surface properties and granule size of rice starch. These results suggested that 1-butanol-HCl hydrolysis of glutinous rice starch can be a preferred way of modification.", "Considerable research is focused on understanding the functionality of starch hydrolysis products (SHP) consisting of glucose, maltose, maltooligosaccharides (MOS), and maltopolysaccharides (MPS). A confounding factor in this research is the high molecular dispersity of commercially available SHP. The study presented herein characterizes a flexible fractionation approach for lowering the dispersity of such products. This was accomplished by fractionating a corn syrup solids (CSS) preparation based on the differential solubility of its component saccharides in aqueous-ethanol solutions. Products obtained from selected fractionations were characterized with respect to degree of polymerization (DP; liquid chromatography), dextrose equivalency (reducing sugar assays), and prevalence of branching (NMR). Glucose and maltose were preferentially removed from CSS using high (?90%) ethanol extractants. Preparations with relatively narrow ranges of MOS, lower DP MPS, and higher DP MPS were obtained through repetitive 70%-ethanol extractions. Linear, as opposed to branched, MOS and MPS were preferentially extracted under all conditions tested." ]

[ "23°C (73°F) in September. The average maximum daytime temperature in Morocco in September is a warm 28°C (82°F), while the average minimum night-time temperature is a comfortable 17°C (63°F). On average 7 mm (0.3 inches) of rain normally falls in Morocco during September with rain falling on 2 days of the month." ]

[ "Morocco: Climate & Weather. One of the characteristics of the Moroccan climate is the distinct differences between day and night, summer and winter. Only the Atlantic coast offers moderate temperatures. The irregular, but often heavy, rainfall on higher land during autumn and spring, together with the hot, dry weather starting in May, sometimes suffocating due to the east wind, all provide a mixture of cold and heat, rain and sun.", "Weather in Egypt in September. The weather in Egypt in September can be still hot like August but normally cooler during the day and at night. The mid day sun is still quite fierce and best avoided but most of the day is pleasant and the evenings are good with no humidity allowing you to move around freely without getting hot and sweaty." ]

[ "Sometimes Winn-Dixie may hold a job fair, recruiting employees for grocery cashiers, deli, bakery, produce, dairy, meat and seafood store jobs including various manager-level positions." ]

[ "They also have many buy 1, get 1 free meat deals. Winn Dixie always has items buy 1, get 1 free or 50% off. You can use 2 coupons on a buy 1 get 1 free deal to get extra savings. Winn Dixie has several items each week that are 10 for $10.", "179 Reviews For Winn-Dixie Stores, Inc Headquarters & Corporate Office. employee unrelationship with daily shopper. you're empolyee crystal yoho locted in store 630 in bradenton has been in a relationship with me i don't want to be in a relationship with her but she countless has haressed me sexaul at her work place." ]

[ "Driving an automobile while sleepy increases the risk of crash-related injury and death. Neurologists see patients with sleepiness due to obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and a wide variety of neurologic disorders. When addressing fitness to drive, the physician must weigh patient and societal health risks and regional legal mandates. The Driver Fitness Medical Guidelines published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) provide assistance to clinicians. Drivers with obstructive sleep apnea may continue to drive if they have no excessive daytime sleepiness and their apnea-hypopnea index is less than 20 per hour. Those with excessive daytime sleepiness or an apnea-hypopnea index of 20 per hour or more may not drive until their condition is effectively treated. Drivers with sleep disorders amenable to pharmaceutical treatment (eg, narcolepsy) may resume driving as long as the therapy has eliminated excessive daytime sleepiness. Following these guidelines, documenting compliance to recommended therapy, and using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess subjective sleepiness can be helpful in determining patients' fitness to drive." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: The effect of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) on driving performance in older adults has not been extensively investigated, especially in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between severity measures of SDB and a simulated driving task in older adults with and without MCI.METHODS: Nineteen older adults (age ?50) meeting criteria for MCI and 23 age-matched cognitively intact controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and a driving simulator task in the evening before a diagnostic sleep study.RESULTS: There were no differences in driving simulator performance or SDB severity between the two groups. In patients with MCI, a higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was associated with an increased number of crashes on the simulator task, as well as other driving parameters such as steering and speed deviation. Poorer driving performance was also associated with poorer executive functioning (set-shifting) but the relationship between ODI and crashes was independent of executive ability.CONCLUSIONS: While driving ability did not differ between older adults with and without MCI, oxygen saturation dips in MCI were related to worse driving performance. These results suggest that decreased brain integrity may render those with SDB particularly vulnerable to driving accidents. In older adults, both cognition and SDB need to be considered concurrently in relation to driving ability. (JINS, 2017, 23, 502-510).", "Night shift workers are at risk of road accidents due to sleepiness on the commute home. A brief nap at the end of the night shift, before the commute, may serve as a sleepiness countermeasure. However, there is potential for sleep inertia, i.e. transient impairment immediately after awakening from the nap. We investigated whether sleep inertia diminishes the effectiveness of napping as a sleepiness countermeasure before a simulated commute after a simulated night shift. N=21 healthy subjects (aged 21-35 y; 12 females) participated in a 3-day laboratory study. After a baseline night, subjects were kept awake for 27h for a simulated night shift. They were randomised to either receive a 10-min nap ending at 04:00 plus a 10-min pre-drive nap ending at 07:10 (10-NAP) or total sleep deprivation (NO-NAP). A 40-min York highway driving task was performed at 07:15 to simulate the commute. A 3-min psychomotor vigilance test (PVT-B) and the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Scale (SP-Fatigue) were administered at 06:30 (pre-nap), 07:12 (post-nap), and 07:55 (post-drive). In the 10-NAP condition, total pre-drive nap sleep time was 9.11.2min (meanSD), with 1.31.9min spent in slow wave sleep, as determined polysomnographically. There was no difference between conditions in PVT-B performance at 06:30 (before the nap). In the 10-NAP condition, PVT-B performance was worse after the nap (07:12) compared to before the nap (06:30); no change across time was found in the NO-NAP condition. There was no significant difference between conditions in PVT-B performance after the drive. SP-Fatigue and driving performance did not differ significantly between conditions. In conclusion, the pre-drive nap showed objective, but not subjective, evidence of sleep inertia immediately after awakening. The 10-min nap did not affect driving performance during the simulated commute home, and was not effective as a sleepiness countermeasure." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Currently, little is known about the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on oxidative stress following grain-induced sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats. In the present study, 18 lactating dairy goats implanted with a ruminal cannula and permanent indwelling catheters in the portal and hepatic veins were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups over 20weeks: low grain (LG, 40% grain; n = 6), high grain (HG, 60% grain; n = 6) and high grain with sodium butyrate (HG + NaB, 60% grain + NaB; n = 6).RESULTS: When added to the HG diet, NaB increased the mean ruminal pH and reduced the levels of ruminal, portal and hepatic LPS; Additionally, we observed an increase in SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1 and CAT mRNA expression, increased levels of TSOD and CAT enzyme activity as well as increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the liver and plasma, while GPx activity increased in the liver of goats fed the HG + NaB diet. The mRNA expression of UGT1A1, NQO1, MGST3, and Nrf2, as well as total Nrf2 protein levels were increased in goats fed the HG + NaB diet.CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that sodium butyrate could improve the oxidative status in sub-acute ruminal acidosis through the partial activation of Nrf2-dependent genes." ]

[ "The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous butyrate on the structure and selected functions of the stomach in sheep. Eighteen rams (30.8 2.1 kg; 12 to 15 mo of age) were allocated to the study and fed a diet for 14 d without (CTRL) or with sodium butyrate (BUT; 36 g/kg of offered DM). Neither DMI nor initial BW differed between treatments (P ? 0.61), but final BW was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P = 0.03). Butyrate concentration in the reticuloruminal fluid and abomasal digesta was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P ? 0.01), but total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, as well as concentration of other SCFA, did not differ between treatments (P ? 0.07). Relative to BW, reticuloruminal tissue mass tended (P = 0.09) to be greater and omasal digesta was less (P = 0.02) for BUT compared with CTRL. Dietary butyrate did not affect ruminal papillae length, width, and density nor did it affect ruminal epithelium thickness (P ? 0.12) in the ventral sac of the rumen. However, the DM of ruminal epithelium (mg/cm2) tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for BUT compared with CTRL. Omasal and abomasal epithelium thicknesses were greater (P ? 0.05) for BUT compared with CTRL. Mitosis-to-apoptosis ratio in the abomasal epithelium was less for BUT compared with CTRL (P = 0.04). Finally, the mRNA expression of peptide transporter 1 in the omasal epithelium was less (P = 0.02) and mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in the abomasal epithelium tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for BUT compared with CTRL. It can be concluded that exogenous butyrate supplementation affected not only the rumen but also omasum and abomasum in sheep.", "Ruminants are often fed a high-concentrate (HC) diet to meet lactating demands, yet long-term concentrate feeding induces subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat. Buffering agent could enhance the acid base buffer capacity and has been used to prevent ruminant rumen SARA and improve the content of milk fat. Therefore, we tested whether a buffering agent increases lipid anabolism in the livers of goats and influences of milk fat synthesis. Twelve Saanen-lactating goats were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received a HC diet (Concentrate: Forage=60:40, Control) and the other group received the same diet with a buffering agent added (10 g sodium butyrate, C(4)H(7)NaO(2); 10 g sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO(3); BG) over a 20-week experimental period. Overall, milk fat increase (4.25+/-0.08 vs. 3.24+/-0.10; P<0.05), and lipopolysaccharide levels in the jugular (1.82+/-0.14 vs. 3.76+/-0.33) and rumen fluid (23,340+/-134 vs. 42,550+/-136) decreased in the buffering agent group (P<0.05). Liver consumption and release of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) into the bloodstream increased (P<0.05). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) up-regulated significantly in the livers of the buffering agent group (P<0.05). It also up-regulated expression of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its downstream targets involved in fatty acid synthetic, including fatty acid synthetase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) (P<0.05). The BG diet increased insulin levels in blood (19.43+/-0.18 vs. 13.81+/-0.10, P<0.05), and insulin receptor was likewise elevated in the liver (P<0.05). Cumulatively, the BG diet increased plasma concentrations of NEFA by INS-PI3K/AKTSREBP-1c signaling pathway promoting their synthesis in the liver. The increased NEFA concentration in the blood during BG feeding may explain the up-regulated in the milk fat of lactating goats." ]

[ "Freebase(2.00 / 1 vote)Rate this definition: Sri, also transliterated as Sree or Shri or Shree is a word of Sanskrit origin, used in the Indian subcontinent as polite form of address equivalent to the English Mr. in written and spoken language, or as a title of veneration for deities." ]

[ "Some geographic names in India have the name Sri For example: Sri Lanka (Nation) The Temple: Sri Poornathrayeesa, Sri Bhagandeshwara, Sri Kaleeswara Swamy, Sri Kalyana Pasupatheeswarar, etc. Thanks.", "Then just follow the diagram below. Just for fun, see the name Sri in Hieroglyphics, learn about ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics and write a Hieroglyphic message. Learn about nautical flags and see your name or message written in nautical flags, on the Sri in Nautical Flags page." ]

[ "The dose of antipsychotic required for acute phase treatment of schizophrenia is well established, but there is no consensus on dose required for maintenance phase. Current guidelines do not provide definitive recommendations on the dose of antipsychotics needed in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia, possibly due to limited research. In this retrospective study, minimum antipsychotic dose prescribed in maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in a real life situation was examined. Schizophrenia patients having Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S)?3 for at-least six months during the maintenance phase treatment were included (n=163). The medical records of these patients were reviewed and the antipsychotic dose prescribed for acute and maintenance phase treatment was recorded. The mean antipsychotic dose used during maintenance treatment was approximately 30% lower than the dose used during acute phase. Importantly, about 40% of the subjects maintained well with a dose lesser than the recommended therapeutic range. Earlier age at onset and longer duration of illness were associated with higher antipsychotic dose requirement during the maintenance phase treatment. These findings could have important clinical implications if replicated in systematic prospective studies." ]

[ "AIM: To evaluate the effect of changing therapy from typical antipsychotics to the atypical antipsychotic risperidone in the treatment of difficult-to-treat residual psychotic symptoms.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 15 patients, 8 men and 7 women, mean age 49.110.25 years, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, partial remission (ICD-10 F20.04). At the beginning all participants received regular maintenance antipsychotic therapy with typical antipsychotics. The patient assessment with the PANSS, CGI scale and GAF scale was performed at the beginning (before the change of antipsychotics to risperidone) and in the end of the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was a reduction in scores on the PANSS items P1 'delusions' and P3 'hallucinatory behavior' to 1 (no such symptom) or 2 (minimal residual symptom). Secondary criteria were positive changes in the severity of other psychopathological symptoms and an increase in the social functioning level. The average dose of risperidone was 4.621.35 mg. The duration of treatment was 2 month.RESULTS: After switching from typical antipsychotics to risperidone and two months monotherapy, there were significant positive changes in the total PANSS score as well as in positive subscale score and CGI-S score. The small, but statistically significant, changes were detected in the overall functioning of the patients (the increase in the GAF score). The dynamics of residual psychotic symptoms was unequal: the severity of hallucinatory symptoms decreased significantly while the delusional symptoms remained unchanged.CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that excessive dopaminergic blockade might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of residual symptoms. This fact may explain the positive effect of treatment in the cases with the less degree of dopaminergic blockade. If it is true, the treatment strategy in the maintenance phase should not be a direct continuation of acute phase therapy and switching to other drugs and changing of the dose are needed.", "UNLABELLED: Background Despite warnings of possible serious events, and reports of little benefit, antipsychotic agents are commonly prescribed in residential care for older people with dementia. A residential care provider (RCP) in New Zealand sought to examine and improve prescribing in some of their facilities. Objective To examine changes following a range of interventions implemented by a RCP to improve the prescribing of antipsychotics. Setting Thirteen dementia and psychogeriatric units in New Zealand managed by a RCP. Method An audit (n=228 residents) was undertaken in thirteen dementia and psychogeriatric units in New Zealand in July-September 2011. A modified Best Practice Advocacy Centre (bpac(nz)) tool was used to examine antipsychotic prescribing, the administration of \"when required\" (PRN) antipsychotic doses and antipsychotic-related documentation (e.g. documenting of \"target behaviour identified\" and \"need to monitor for adverse effects\"). Prescribing for some central nervous system agents and fractures and fall rates were also examined. Some educational, managerial, environmental, recreational and resident-specific interventions were implemented post-audit. The audit (n=233) was repeated in July-September 2013.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Number of residents prescribed and administered antipsychotics (2) Documentation of antipsychotic-related information in residents' notes. Results The administration of antipsychotics and prescribing of regular doses (PRN) decreased about a quarter from 2011 to 2013: 50.4-38.2, and 49.1-36.5% (ORs 0.60, 0.57 respectively, both p<0.001), and prescribing for any antipsychotic dose (including PRN only) decreased: 60.5-50.6% (OR 0.67, p=0.003). Documenting of \"target behaviour identified\" significantly increased from 54.3 to 71.2%, (OR 1.99, p=0.017) and documenting of the \"need to monitor for adverse effects\" increased non-significantly (30.4-46.6%, p=0.098); both falling short of the 90% goal set by bpac(nz). Benzodiazepine prescribing significantly decreased [39.0-25.8%, (OR 0.59, p<0.001)]. Conclusions Following a range of interventions, antipsychotic prescribing, administration and some related documentation improved in dementia and psychogeriatric units in New Zealand. Future studies should aim to identify the most effective of these interventions so they can be considered for implementing in similar settings." ]

[ "How long does a traffic violation stay on your record in Nebraska? Generally moving violations remain on the violator's DMV record for 3-10 years. The lesser amount being allocated to incidents that did not result in an accident, a threat to … the public and/or be connected with a DWI or DUI offense." ]

[ "All of the offenses stay on your record forever but you can be given the benefit of the ten year step-down if there is a gap of ten years or more in between a first and second offense or in between a second and third offense.ll of the offenses stay on your record forever but you can be given the benefit of the ten year step-down if there is a gap of ten years or more in between a first and second offense or in between a second and third offense.", "After having been convicted within the previous five years of a violation is guilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by imprisonment for up to 1 year, or by a fine up to $1,000, or by both. A misdemeanor punishable up to a year in prison, by up to $15,000, or by both.North Carolina. N.C.G.S.A. § 14-362.2.fter having been convicted within the previous five years of a violation is guilty of a misdemeanor and is punishable by imprisonment for up to 1 year, or by a fine up to $1,000, or by both. A misdemeanor punishable up to a year in prison, by up to $15,000, or by both. North Carolina. N.C.G.S.A. § 14-362.2." ]

[ "Eat More Veggies to Boost Your Dietary Nitrates. Nitrate (chemical symbol NO3-) is an inorganic compound composed of nitrogen and oxygen found naturally in soil and water. The nitrate in our diet comes from both food and drinking water, the highest levels of dietary nitrate are found in vegetables. However, the actual amount of nitrate in vegetables can be highly variable depending on growing conditions.", "Approximately 80% of dietary nitrates are derived from vegetable consumption; sources of nitrites include vegetables, fruit, and processed meats. Nitrites are produced endogenously through the oxidation of nitric oxide and through a reduction of nitrate by commensal bacteria in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract." ]

[ "1 In addition to lunchmeat, some canned beans and vegetables with bacon, and even packaged seafood, may contain these added chemicals. 2 Eat organic food. Synthetic nitrates and nitrites are not allowed as preservatives in organic packaged foods and meats. Find out if your water is tainted with nitrates or nitrites.", "Sodium Nitrate -- Meat Preservative. Sodium nitrate is present in foods such as hot dogs, lunch meat, bacon, ham, smoked fish, salami and beef jerky. You can read the ingredient list on the food labels to see if a food contains sodium nitrate as a preservative.odium nitrate is a type of salt used to preserve foods, particularly cured meat. It's added to cured meat to extend its shelf life by preventing rancidity and the growth of bacteria." ]

[ "Gene therapy is making significant strides in the treatment of serious genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hemophilia. One of the latest advancements includes the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. By using this gene-editing tool, scientists can precisely target and modify faulty genes, potentially correcting the errors that cause these diseases. In the case of cystic fibrosis, researchers have successfully modified the CFTR gene in lung cells, leading to improved function in early-stage trials. Similarly, for hemophilia, a recent study showed that a single infusion of gene therapy can raise the clotting factor levels, reducing bleeding episodes" ]

[ "The genome editing technology, CRISPR-Cas9, has been making waves in the field of science. It has been used in a variety of research areas, including agriculture, where it has been used to engineer disease-resistant crops, and in ecology, where it is used to control pest populations. Moreover, it is also being utilized in the realm of paleontology, for de-extincting species by modifying their genetic material. Despite these varied applications, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 in human gene therapy is still in its early stages and faces several challenges" ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Exposure to air pollution has been linked to total and cardiopulmonary mortality. However, few studies have examined the effects of exposure over decades, or which time windows of long term exposure are most relevant. We investigated the long term effects of residential air pollution on total and cause-specific mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in a well-characterized cohort of men in Sweden.METHODS: A cohort of 7494 men in Gothenburg was examined in 1970-1973 and followed subsequently to determine predictors of cardiovascular disease. We collected data on residential address and cause-specific mortality for the years 1973-2007. Each individual was assigned yearly nitrogen oxides (NOx) exposure based on dispersion models. Using multivariable Cox regression and generalized additive models with time-dependent exposure, we studied the association between three different time windows of residential NOx exposure, and selected outcomes.RESULTS: In the years 1973-2007, a total of 5669 deaths, almost half of which were due to cardiovascular diseases, occurred in the cohort. Levels of NOx exposure decreased during the study period, from a median of 38 g/m(3) in 1973 to 17 g/m(3) in 2007. Total non-accidental mortality was associated with participants' NOx exposure in the last year (the year of outcome) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05, per 10 g/m(3)), with the mean NOx exposure during the last 5 years, and with the mean NOx exposure since enrolment (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04 for both). The associations were similar (HR 1.01-1.03), but generally not statistically significant, for cardiovascular, ischemic heart disease, and acute myocardial infarction mortality, and weaker for cerebrovascular and respiratory mortality. There was no association between NOx exposure and incident myocardial infarction.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Long term residential exposure to NOx at these relatively low exposure levels in Gothenburg was associated with total non-accidental mortality. The association was as strong for NOx exposure in the last year as for longer exposure windows. The effect was near linear, and only marginally affected by confounders and effect modifiers. The improved air quality in Gothenburg has by these estimates led to a 6% decrease in excess non-accidental mortality during the study period." ]

[ "Detrimental effects of long-term inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems have been widely reported. Recent studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 also causes adverse neurocognitive effects. This study investigates the effects of inhaled ammonium sulfate, which is a major compound of inorganic air pollutants in PM2.5, on adult neurogenesis in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 20 rats were randomly assigned to experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) conditions, wherein they were exposed to either ammonium sulfate or sham air for 2h per day and for 28 consecutive days. It was observed that ammonium sulfate inhibited the maturation process and diminished dendritic complexity of immature neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus significantly, although the number of neural stem cells or the rates of differentiation were comparable between the two groups. Our findings provide clear evidence on the direct relationship between air quality and advantageous neurogenesis. Exposure to PM leads to specific adverse effects on the maturation process during neurogenesis.", "There is a suspected but unproven association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mental health. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and subjective stress, depressive disorders, health-related quality of life (QoL) and suicide. We selected 124,205 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey in 2013 who were at least 19 years old and who had lived in their current domiciles for > five years. Based on the computer-assisted personal interviews to measure subjective stress in daily life, EuroQoL-5 dimensions, depression diagnosis by a doctor, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempts, we evaluated the risk of mental disorders using multiple logistic regression analysis according to the quartiles of air pollutants, such as particulate matter <10m (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide, using yearly average concentration between August 2012 and July 2013. The prevalence of high stress, poor QoL, depressiveness, diagnosis of depression, and suicide ideation was positively associated with high concentrations of PM10, NO2, and CO after adjusting for confounding factors. Men were at increased risk of stress, poor QoL, and depressiveness from air pollution exposure than were women. The risk of higher stress or poor QoL in subjects < age 65 increased with air pollution more than did that in subjects ? age 65. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution may be an independent risk factor for mental health disorders ranging from subjective stress to suicide ideation." ]

[ "Computer glasses are for intermediate viewing distance (distance from your seated position at your desk to your computer (usually about 50cm to a meter) Driving lenses usually do not have any reading power and are referred to as single vision lenses." ]

[ "Reposition the computer. The screen should be about an arm’s length away and positioned directly in front of your face, not off to the side. Position the monitor so its center is 4 to 8 in. below your eyes, which allows the neck to relax while you read and type. Follow guidelines for good posture.", "where. 1 D {\\displaystyle D} is the distance of closest distinct vision (usually 250 mm) 2 D E O {\\displaystyle D_{\\mathrm {EO} }} is the distance between the back focal plane of the objective and the back focal plane of the eyepiece (called tube length), typically 160 mm for a modern instrument." ]

[ "A double-blind comparison was made of the use of 14 daily intravaginal gelatin capsules containing 600 mg of boric acid powder versus the use of identical capsules containing 100,000 U nystatin diluted to volume with cornstarch for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis albicans. Cure rates for boric acid were 92% at 7 to 10 days after treatment and 72% at 30 days, whereas the nystatin cure rates were 64% at 7 to 10 days and 50% at 30 days. The speed of alleviation of signs and symptoms was similar for the two drugs. There were no untoward side effects, and cervical cytologic features were not affected. In vitro studies found boric acid to be fungistatic and its effectiveness to be unrelated to pH. Blood boron analyses indicated little absorption from the vagina and a half-life of less than 12 hours. Acceptance by the patients was better than for \"messy\" vaginal creams, and self-made capsules containing boric acid powder are inexpensive (31 cents for fourteen) compared with the costly medication commonly prescribed." ]

[ "Mentha spicata Labiatae, known as spearmint and Mentha piperita Labiatae, known as peppermint can be used for various kinds of illnesses in herbal medicine and flavoring in industry. M. spicata Labiatae grows on the Anamas plateau of Yenithornarbademli town of Isparta, located in southwest part of Turkey. In this town, clinicians thought that consumption of tea steeped with M. spicata or M. piperita caused a diminished libido. Because antiandrogenic effects of spearmint and peppermint were found previously in rats, it was decided to observe the effect of this herbal tea on the androgen levels in hirsute women.Twenty-one female hirsute patients, 12 with polycystic ovary syndrome and 9 with idiopathic hirsutism were included to the study. They were took a cup of herbal tea which was steeped with M. spicata for 5 days twice a day in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. After treatment with spearmint teas, there was a significant decrease in free testosterone and increase in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol. There were no significant decreases in total testosterone or dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate levels. Spearmint can be an alternative to antiandrogenic treatment for mild hirsutism. Further studies are needed to test the reliability of these results and the availability of spearmint as a drug for hirsutism. Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "Carrageenan is a high molecular weight sulfated polygalactan used to improve the texture of commercial food products. Its use increased markedly during the last half century, although carrageenan is known to induce inflammation in rheumatological models and in intestinal models of colitis. We performed studies to determine its direct effects on human intestinal cells, including normal human intestinal epithelial cells from colonic surgeries, the normal intestinal epithelial cell line NCM460, and normal rat ileal epithelial cells. Cells were treated with high molecular weight lambda-carrageenan at a concentration of 1 mug/ml for 1-96 h. IL-8, IL-8 promoter activity, total and nuclear NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, phospho-IkappaBalpha, and Bcl10 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, ELISA, and cDNA microarray. Increased Bcl10, nuclear and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB, IL-8 promoter activation, and IL-8 secretion were detected following carrageenan exposure. Knockdown of Bcl10 by siRNA markedly reduced the increase in IL-8 that followed carrageenan exposure in the NCM460 cells. These results show, for the first time, that exposure of human intestinal epithelial cells to carrageenan triggers a distinct inflammatory pathway via activation of Bcl10 with NF-kappaB activation and upregulation of IL-8 secretion. Since Bcl10 contains a caspase-recruitment domain, similar to that found in NOD2/CARD15 and associated with genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease, the study findings may represent a link between genetic and environmental etiologies of inflammatory bowel disease. Because of the high use of carrageenan as a food additive in the diet, the findings may have clinical significance." ]

[ "LOSS MITIGATION DEFINED. The term “loss mitigation” is intended to describe the full range of solutions that. may avert either the loss of a debtor’s property to foreclosure, increased costs to the. lender, or both." ]

[ "A mitigation program is an alternative approach that offers Bellingham the opportunity to improve success rates, increase efficiency, and coordinate efforts to better reflect community values. Federal and state agencies now prefer the use of mitigation programs. How Do You Use a Mitigation Program?", "This department is trained to negotiate several kinds of loss mitigation with the homeowner such as a loan modification, short sale, or possibly even a deed in lieu. Today the most common and popular method used to avoid foreclosure is through a loan modification." ]

[ "Post incident actions might be developed in a separate graphic." ]

[ "Incidents and post incident actions cannot be developed in separate graphics." ]

[ "The New York Times was told that the Bush Brothers would be fine with the gaffe." ]

[ "Jeb was massively hurt by the gaffe and threatened to sue the New York Times." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: After treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in adolescent competitive athletes, the rate, timing, and level of return to play have not been well reported.METHODS: Adolescent athletes who underwent open FAI treatment were assessed at a minimum 1-year follow-up. Patients completed a self-reported questionnaire centered on the time and level of return to play. Pain and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS).RESULTS: Among the 24 athletes included, 21 (87.5%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.6% to 97.3%) successfully returned to play after open FAI treatment. The median time to return to play was 7 months (95% CI, 6 to 10 months). Of the 21 who returned to play, 19 (90%) returned at a level that was equivalent to or greater than their level of play before surgery. Three athletes (12.5%) did not return to play and indicated that failure to return to play was unrelated to their hip. There was significant improvement in the mHHS (P < 0.0001), HOOS (P < 0.0001), angle (P < 0.0001), and offset (P < 0.0001).DISCUSSION: Most adolescent athletes can expect to return to the same or better level of sports participation during the first year after open treatment of FAI." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating prediction of return to play after acute hamstring injury were limited by examining a single postinjury clinical and MRI evaluation. We evaluated the added value of including follow-up clinical evaluation when predicting return to play.METHODS: A range of clinical and MRI parameters were prospectively investigated for an association with the time to return to play in 90 athletes with MRI positive hamstring injuries undergoing a criteria-based rehabilitation programme. Clinical evaluation was performed within 5 days of injury and 7 days after this initial assessment (follow-up clinical evaluation). The association between possible prognostic parameters and the time to return to play was assessed with a multiple linear regression model.RESULTS: Data of 90 athletes were available for analysis. At the first physiotherapy appointment, a combination of three demographic and six clinical variables explained 50% of the variance (19 days) in the time to return to play. At follow-up assessment (7 days), a combination of 10 clinical and demographic variables explained 97.0% of the variance (5 days) in time to return to play. In order of importance, the variables were: change in strength during the first week for the 'mid-range' test, peak isokinetic knee flexion torque of the uninjured leg, maximum pain at the time of injury, number of days to walk pain free, playing the sport of football, strength performing the 'inner range' hamstring test at day 1, presence of pain on a single leg bridge at day 7 or its absence during a single leg bridge, delay in starting treatment and percentage of strength in the 'outer range' test compared to the healthy leg. No MRI variables were retained in any of these analyses. MRI variables alone explained 8.6% of the variance-which is unhelpful to players and coaches.SUMMARY: The combination of initial and 7-day follow-up clinical evaluation is clinically helpful in predicting time to return to play (5 days) following acute hamstring injury. MRI offered no useful clinical information regarding return to play duration in this cohort.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01812564.", "PURPOSE: To evaluate return to play after complete thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury treated with suture anchor repair for both skill position and non-skill position collegiate football athletes and report minimum 2-year clinical outcomes in this population.METHODS: For this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were complete rupture of the thumb UCL and suture anchor repair in a collegiate football athlete performed by a single surgeon who used an identical technique for all patients. Data collection included chart review, determination of return to play, and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 18 collegiate football athletes were identified, all of whom were evaluated for follow-up by telephone, e-mail, or regular mail at an average 6-year follow-up. Nine were skill position players; the remaining 9 played in nonskill positions. All players returned to at least the same level of play. The average QuickDASH score for the entire cohort was 1 out of 100; QuickDASH work score, 0 out of 100; and sport score, 1 out of 100. Average time to surgery for skill position players was 12 days compared with 43 for non-skill position players. Average return to play for skill position players was 7 weeks postoperatively compared with 4 weeks for non-skill position players. There was no difference in average QuickDASH overall scores or subgroup scores between cohorts.CONCLUSIONS: Collegiate football athletes treated for thumb UCL injuries with suture anchor repair had quick return to play, reliable return to the same level of activity, and excellent long-term clinical outcomes. Skill position players had surgery sooner after injury and returned to play later than non-skill position players, with no differences in final level of play or clinical outcomes. Management of thumb UCL injuries in collegiate football athletes can be safely and effectively tailored according to the demands of the player's football position.TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV." ]

[ "1. to press against (a thing) with force in order to move it away. 2. to move (something) in a specified way by exerting force: to push the door open. 3. to accomplish by pushing: to push one's way through a crowd. 4. to cause to extend or project; thrust." ]

[ "verb. 1 1with object Push or pull (a vehicle with wheels) ‘the tea trolley was wheeled out’. 2 2no object (of a bird or aircraft) fly in a wide circle or curve.", "push the envelope meaning, definition, what is push the envelope: to behave in more extreme ways, or to try new things that have not been acceptable or…. Learn more." ]

[ "List of United States Senators from Oklahoma. Oklahoma was admitted to the Union on November 16, 1907, and elects senators to Class 2 and Class 3. Its current senators are Republicans James Inhofe and James Lankford. List of Senators[edit] Class 2 U.S. Senators belong to the electoral cycle that has recently been contested in 1996, 2002, 2008, and 2014." ]

[ "The Office of Governor Mary Fallin. Oklahoma State Capitol. 2300 N. Lincoln Blvd., Room 212. Oklahoma City, OK 73105. Local: (405) 521-2342. Fax: (405) 521-3353.", "Harris was born in Cotton County, Oklahoma, the son of Eunice Alene (Person) and Fred Byron Harris, a sharecropper. He graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1952 and its law school in 1954. He was first elected to the Oklahoma State Senate in 1956 and served in it until 1964." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to provide an Italian version of the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) and check its reliability in Italian medical centers.METHODS: The Italian version of this assessment was administered to 80 patients (aged 18-65 years) affected by haemophilia A and B (moderate or severe). The validation was accomplished by comparing it to the revised and expanded Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2).RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Italian version of the HAL had statistically high results: Cronbach's 0.957-0.579. The highest internal consistency was measured in the domains 'leg functionality' and in the overall points of the HAL questionnaire. The correlation between the AIMS2, which has been translated into Italian, and the version of the HAL questionnaire that we proposed, yielded good results for the following correlations: AIMS2 all and HAL overall (r = 0.64), AIMS2 physical function and HAL overall (r = 0.66), AIMS2 pain and HAL overall (r = 0.66).CONCLUSION: The Italian version of the HAL questionnaire presents both internal coherence and convergent validity. It can be used in addition to other functional tests to measure outcomes in moderate and severe haemophiliac diseases or to determine the quality of life as observed in the everyday life of patients." ]

[ "Sixty-five samples of red garlic (Allium sativum L.) coming from four different production territories of Italy were analysed by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The garlic samples were discriminated according to the geographical origin using the content of seven elements (Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na and Sr). Both classification and class modelling methods by using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and soft independent model class analogy (SIMCA), respectively, were applied. Classification ability and modelling efficiency were evaluated on an external prediction set (21 garlic samples) designed by application of duplex Kennard-Stone algorithm. All the calibration and prediction samples were correctly classified by means of LDA. The class models developed using SIMCA exhibited high sensitivity (almost all the calibration and external samples were accepted by the respective classes) and good specificity (the majority of extraneous samples were refused by each class model).", "In our previous study, a H-shape gemini-like cationic lipid (ssGLCL, formerly named as CLD), composed of two hydrophilic lysine heads and two hydrophobic oleyl alcohol tails with a bridge of the redox-active disulfide-bond, had been synthesized and used as a nanocarrier for delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells. In order to further elucidate the role of disulfide (-S-S-) bridge on the activity of ssGLCL based siRNA delivery, a comparable ccGLCL bridged with a non-reducible carbon-carbon bond was synthesized and used as control in this study. Both two H-shape GLCL molecules could individually self-assemble into cationic nanoparticles in water phase and complex with negatively-charged siRNA into nanoplexes with particle size of ~200nm and zeta potential of ~ +30mV, and exhibit effective siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Investigation of internalization pathway displayed that both ssGLCL/siRNA and ccGLCL/siRNA nanoplexes were predominantly internalized into MCF-7 cells by the clathrin-mediated endocytosis pattern. Although a lower cellular uptake of siRNA was found in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, the ssGLCL/siRNA nanoplexes could exhibit similar or even stronger down-regulation effects on the targeted EGFR mRNA and protein in MCF-7 cells when compared to the ccGLCL/siRNA nanoplexes. Furthermore, mechanistic study showed that the enhanced down-regulation effects of ssGLCL/siRNA nanoplexes on targeted mRNA and protein were probably attributed to the increased release of siRNA from lysosomes to cytoplasm following the cleavage of redox-active disulfide-bridge in ssGLCL. Therefore, we believed that the redox-active H-shape ssGLCL could be a potential nanocarrier towards improving siRNA delivery." ]

[ "Epinephrine and mental stress may, via platelet stimulation, enhance the risk of thrombus formation. Norepinephrine is more likely than epinephrine to activate platelets in vivo because of higher levels in plasma but is less well studied in this respect. The antiplatelet drug of choice for patients with coronary artery disease, aspirin, may be less effective during sympathoadrenal activation. We therefore investigated platelet responses in vivo to exogenous norepinephrine with and without aspirin pretreatment. Platelet aggregability in vivo was assessed in 11 healthy male subjects, by filtragometry ex vivo (which reflects platelet aggregability in vivo) and by measurements of plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG, which reflects platelet secretion). Norepinephrine infusions elevated venous plasma norepinephrine from 1.5 to 4 and 15 nmol/L, respectively, and enhanced platelet aggregability (filtragometry) concentration dependently (P < .001). Platelet secretion (beta-TG levels) increased during high-dose infusion (P < .01). Aspirin pretreatment (500 mg orally 12 hours earlier) reduced the excretion of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 by 62 +/- 5% (P < .001) and attenuated platelet aggregability at rest (P < .05) but not the effect of norepinephrine infusion on platelet aggregability. Conversely, resting plasma beta-TG levels and the urinary excretion of high-molecular-weight beta-TG were not altered by aspirin pretreatment, whereas the norepinephrine-induced increase in plasma beta-TG was abolished" ]

[ "The mechanisms for the variability in antiplatelet effects of aspirin are unclear. Immature (reticulated) platelets may modulate the antiplatelet effects of aspirin through uninhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. To evaluate the role of reticulated platelets in the antiplatelet effects of aspirin. Sixty healthy volunteers had platelet studies performed before and 24 h after a single 325-mg dose of aspirin. Platelet studies included light transmission aggregometry; P-selectin and integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) expression, and serum thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) levels. Reticulated platelets and platelet COX-2 expression were measured using flow cytometry. Subjects were divided into tertiles based on the percentage of reticulated platelets in whole blood. Baseline platelet aggregation to 1 microg mL(-1) collagen, and postaspirin aggregations to 5 microm and 20 microm ADP and collagen, were greater in the upper than in the lower tertile of reticulated platelets. Stimulated P-selectin and integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) expression were also higher in the upper tertile both before and after aspirin. Platelet COX-2 expression was detected in 12 +/- 7% (n = 10) of platelets in the upper tertile, and in 7 +/- 3% (n = 12) of platelets in the lower two tertiles (P = 0.03). Postaspirin serum TxB(2) levels were higher in the upper (5.5 +/- 4 ng mL(-1)) than in the lower tertile (3.2 +/- 2.5 ng mL(-1), P = 0.03), and decreased even further with ex vivo additional COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition. The incidence of aspirin resistance (>or= 70% platelet aggregation to 5 microm ADP) was significantly higher in the upper tertile (45%) than in the lower tertile (5%, P < 0.0001)", "Antiplatelet therapy has been proven to be effective for both primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. However, a significant proportion of patients treated with aspirin experience ischemic events. A number of prospective studies have demonstrated that decreased responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy as measured by various methods, is strongly associated with an increase in clinical events. Our objective was to characterize platelet function in patients presenting with chest pain using a point-of-care assay, PFA-100 and correlating results to traditional platelet aggregometry to determine if patients with aspirin non-responsiveness have increased clinical sequelae. Platelet function was assessed using PFA-100, flow cytometry, and optical aggregometry in 94 patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. All patients were on aspirin 81-325 mg daily. Clinical events occurring during the index hospitalization were documented. Forty-seven patients (50%) were defined as aspirin non-responders by PFA-100 (collagen-epinephrine closure time <or= 193). Compared to aspirin responders, aspirin non-responders had higher levels of mean platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (P = 0.004) and high dose epinephrine (P = 0.03). Furthermore, expression of PAC-1 was significantly increased in patients with aspirin nonresponse as compared to aspirin responders (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0006 respectively). No significant difference in clinical events during the index hospitalization was noted between aspirin non-responders and aspirin responders" ]

[ "People, Locations, Episodes Thu, 10.03.1974Baseball hires first Black manager Frank Robinson On this date in 1974, Frank Robinson becomes manager of the Cleveland Indians baseball club. Robinson was former Most Valuable Player (MVP) in both leagues, Cincinnati and Baltimore. He was the first African American manager in major league baseball. Reference: 20th Century Baseball Chronicle Year-By-Year History of major league Baseball Copyright 1999, Publications International Ltd. ISBN 0-7853-4074-2To become a Coach Previous Story Next Story Related Videos: Baseball: (Game, Science, Business), Dave Winfield01:52Description: NCAA & MLB Hall of Fame player Dave Winfield talks about three aspects of baseball that are important for young players to pay attention too Tags: Sports / Outdoors Youth Views STATS: 41 Views Share:" ]

[ "Buck O'neil Biography \"Buck O'neil Biography Follow City-Data.com founder on our Forum or @Lech Mazur John Jordan \"\"Buck\"\" O'Neil (1911–2006) loved baseball, and immersed himself in the game from age 12 to 94. A standout Negro League player and two-time batting champion, O'Neil went on to become the first black manager of a major league team. As a scout, O'Neil was responsible for recruiting such Hall of Fame players as Lou Brock and Ernie Banks, and a tireless spokesman for the history of Negro League baseball. For all his efforts, O'Neil came to be considered an \"\"architect\"\" of the game, as Brock described him in the Columbia Daily Tribune . \"\"He helped shape the game. But even greater, he shaped the character of young black men. He touched the heart of everyone who loved the game.\"\" He was \"\"perhaps the greatest ambassador baseball has ever known,\"\" in the words of Jane Forbes Clark, chairperson of the Baseball Hall of Fame, as quoted in Sporting News . Discovered Baseball at Early Age John Jordan O'Neil was born on November 13, 1911, in Carrabelle, Florida. He was the second of three children born to John Sr., a sawmill worker, and Luella, a restaurant manager. The family moved to Sarasota in 1923. It was there that O'Neil received his first taste of professional baseball. As a 12-year-old, O'Neil began his semi-professional career as a member of the Sarasota Tigers and traveled throughout Florida. He took his nickname from Miami Giants semi-pro team co-owner Buck O'Neal. To support himself, he shined shoes and worked as a box boy. O'Neil related a pivotal moment in his life to Steve Wulf of Sports Illustrated , \"\"I was considered a good box boy because, while most of the box boys could only carry two crates at a time, I was big and strong enough to carry four. I did that for about three years, at $1.25 a day. One day I was having lunch by myself next to a big stack of boxes, and it was so hot, I said out loud, 'Damn, there has got to be something better than this.'\"\" That \"\"something,\"\" O'Neil decided, was baseball. Following completion of the eighth grade, O'Neil wanted to continue his education. Because of his skin color, however, he was not admitted to the high school in Sarasota. O'Neil was eventually able to obtain his high school diploma and earned a baseball and football scholarship to Edward Waters College in Jacksonville. He completed two years of college before leaving school to play baseball in 1934. Played, Managed, Scouted in the Negro League From 1934 to 1938 O'Neil played on various teams, including the Miami Giants, New York Tigers, and the Shreveport Acme Giants. In 1937 he signed with the Memphis Red Sox, earning $100 per month. That same year, he played for one month with the Zulu Cannibal Giants, a barnstorming team. The Giants, owned by Harlem Globetrotters founder Abe Saperstein, wore straw skirts instead of uniforms, but the team paid well and the players didn't have to wear war paint as some \"\"African-themed\"\" teams did. In 1938, after four years of moving from team to team, O'Neil earned a spot as the first baseman for the Kansas City Monarchs, one of the elite teams of the Negro Leagues. From 1939 to 1942, Kansas City won four consecutive Negro American League pennants. O'Neil told Sports Illustrated about the glory years of the Monarchs: \"\"We were like the New York Yankees. We had that winning tradition, and we were proud. We had a strict dress code—coat and tie, no baseball jackets. We stayed in the best hotels in the world. They just happened to be owned by black people. We ate in the best restaurants in the world. They just happened to be run by blacks. And when we were in Kansas City, well, 18th and Vine was the center of the universe. We'd come to breakfast at Street's Hotel, and there might be Count Basie or Joe Louis or Billie Holiday or Lionel Hampton. \"\"In 1942, O'Neil led the Monarchs to a four-game sweep of the Homestead Grays in the Negro World Series, hitting .353. He won batting titles in 1940 and 1946, hitting .345 and .350 respectively. O'Neil was also named to the West team of the East-West All-Star Classic in 1942, 1943, and 1949 and was a member of Satchel Paige's All Stars. Paige's team, made up of Negro League stars, played a team of white major league players known as Bob Feller's All Stars in a 14-game barnstorming series in 1946. O'Neil remembered that the players who performed in those exhibitions had a mutual respect for the abilities of their opponents. The Negro League All Stars won the majority of the games played. In 1944, with the United States deeply involved in World War II, O'Neil enlisted for a two-year stint with the U. S. Navy. He was stationed at Subic Bay in the Philippines and worked as a bosun loading and unloading ships. Although he was proud to serve his country, O'Neil regretted the fact that he was not a member of the Monarchs in 1945. That was the year that Jackie Robinson played in Kansas City before signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Following the end of World War II, O'Neil returned to the Monarchs in 1946. He won the batting title that year and also married Memphis schoolteacher Ora Lee Owen. In 1948, O'Neil was named player-manager of the Monarchs. He led Kansas City to league pennants in 1948, 1950, 1951, and 1953 and two Negro World Series titles. Alfred \"\"Slick\"\" Surratt, who played outfield for O'Neil, told Mark Goodman of People Weekly about O'Neil's managerial style: \"\"He knew what it took to win a ball game, and he gave you confidence in yourself. After every game, when we got on the bus, he'd go over the game with us, whether we'd won or lost. \"\"O'Neil left the Monarchs in 1956 to become a scout for the Chicago Cubs. He traveled throughout the South searching for talented African American baseball players. He is credited with bringing formidable talents such as Ernie Banks, Lou Brock, Oscar Gamble, Lee Smith, and Joe Carter to the Cubs. In 1962, O'Neil made history by becoming the first African-American coach in the major leagues. Although he had broken through an important barrier, O'Neil eventually realized that the Cubs were not interested in making him a big-league manager and returned to scouting. He remained with the Cubs until 1988, capping a 33-year career with the organization. He returned to Kansas City the following year and joined the Kansas City Royals as a scout, which he would do until his death. Championed Negro League History In 1990, O'Neil began raising money for a museum to preserve and celebrate the history of the Negro Leagues. O'Neil was adamant about the need to preserve memories of the Negro Leagues: \"\"It's very important that we know our history. We have to do that … this is not a sad story. It's a celebration!\"\" he said, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . His efforts led to the opening of the Negro League Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. As a co-founder of the museum and one of the most articulate and engaging spokesman for the Negro Leagues, O'Neil began to appear regularly on radio and television programs. In 1994, he was featured prominently on Ken Burns's PBS documentary \"\"Baseball.\"\" O'Neil was a key contributor to the segment entitled \"\"Shadow Ball,\"\" which chronicled the greatness of the Negro Leagues, but also the pain of discrimination and exclusion from the major leagues. Burns, who won international acclaim for his 1990 documentary about the Civil War, told People Weekly's Goodman about O'Neil's contribution to the nine-part series: \"\"He's the conscience of the program. Because of his dignity, his lack of bitterness and his sense of humor, Buck makes a wonderful ambassador for the game.\"\" Although the \"\"Baseball\"\" series was not as well-received as Burns's Civil War documentary, O'Neil's appearance made him a media celebrity. In 1996, O'Neil published his autobiography I Was Right on Time: My Journey From the Negro Leagues to the Majors with Sports Illustrated editor Steve Wulf and David Conrads. In the late 1990s O'Neil remained active in the Royals organization, served as the chairman of the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum Board of the Directors, and was a member of the Veterans' Committee of the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. He worked as a spokesman to secure pensions for surviving Negro League players and to preserve the history of the Negro Leagues. He told Dave Kindred of The Sporting News that Negro League baseball was not the clowning, barnstorming jumble commonly portrayed in movies such as The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars and Motor Kings . \"\"Negro League baseball wasn't anything like that. It was like the white major leagues, serious baseball, well organized. There were 16 Negro League ball clubs, each with at least 15 players—the Monarchs had 18 players. There were all those people putting on the games, booking agents, traveling secretaries, trainers. Baseball was black entertainment and was important to black communities. \"\"In February 2006, O'Neil was among the nominees to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, but he fell one vote short. His fans rallied and promised to make amends for what they perceived to be an error in judgment. Yet O'Neil took the news in stride. \"\"Shed no tears for Buck,\"\" O'Neil announced to his fans after hearing the news, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . He pointed to past sorrows caused by racial discrimination that kept him from gaining the education he wanted, admitting \"\"That hurt.\"\" From his perspective, he explained \"\"not going into the Hall of Fame, that ain't going to hurt me that much, no.\"\" O'Neil bore no grudge. He hosted the induction ceremony in Cooperstown with characteristic charm and grace. He then spent the summer continuing his promotion of baseball, traveling to functions in several states. In July, at age 94, O'Neil became the oldest man to play professional baseball when he stepped up to bat twice at the Northern League All-Star game. Shortly thereafter, O'Neil succumbed to fatigue, spending periods in the hospital. He never regained his strength; he died in Kansas City, Missouri, on October 6, 2006. Buck O'Neil will be remembered as one of the finest players in the Negro Leagues and a legend in the game of baseball. Through his willingness to share his memories of the Negro Leagues, fans everywhere have a greater understanding and deeper appreciation for a significant period in baseball history. To honor his legacy, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum began raising money to open the John \"\"Buck\"\" O'Neil Education and Research Center in Kansas City. He may yet be honored by the Hall of Fame, which had begun to reconsider O'Neil's exclusion from its halls after his death. Despite any posthumous honors, O'Neil's contributions to the game had already made him, as Major League Baseball columnist Mike Bauman called him: \"\"a baseball immortal.\"\" \"" ]

[ "Lipitor, also known as atorvastatin, is a medication used to reduce levels of bad cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. Like all medications, Lipitor has some potential side effects. These can include headache, hoarseness, lower back or side pain, pain or tenderness around the eyes and cheekbones, stuffy or runny nose, bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet. It's important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects and they may vary in intensity. Always consult with your healthcare provider for more personalized information" ]

[ "Atorvastatin is a drug that is commonly used to manage high cholesterol levels in the body. It is popularly known by its brand name, Lipitor. This drug belongs to a group of drugs known as statins which work by reducing the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver. High cholesterol levels can lead to a host of health issues including heart disease and stroke. Therefore, managing these levels is crucial in maintaining overall health. However, this document does not discuss the side effects of Lipitor" ]

[ "A dry soil layer (DSL) is a common soil desiccation phenomenon that generally forms at a particular depth in the soil profile because of climatic factors and poor land management, and this phenomenon can influence the water cycle and has been observed on the Loess Plateau of China and other similar regions around the world. Therefore, an investigation of the DSL formation depth (DSLFD), thickness (DSLT) and mean water content (MWDSL) on the Loess Plateau can provide valuable information. This paper synthesized 69 recent publications (1,149 observations of DSLs from 73 sites) that focused on DSLs in this region, and the results indicated that DSLs are significantly affected by climatic and vegetation factors. The mean annual precipitation had a significant positive relationship with DSLFD (p = 0.0003) and MWDSL (p<0.0001) and a negative relationship with DSLT (p = 0.0071). Crops had the lowest DSLT and highest MWDSL values compared with other vegetation types. A significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of DSLs and the years since planting for grasses, shrubs, trees and orchards, and the severity of DSLs increased with increasing planting years and wheat yield. Our results suggest that optimizing land-use management can mitigate DSL formation and development on the Loess Plateau. Understanding the dominant factors affecting DSLs will provide information for use in guidelines for the sustainable development of economies and restoration of natural environments experiencing water deficiencies." ]

[ "China initiated the \"Grain for Green Project\" in 1999 to mitigate soil erosion. The vegetation cover of the Chinese Loess Plateau, one of the most erosive regions in the world, has been greatly increased. However, studies on quantitatively investigating the climate change and human activities on vegetation coverage change were rare. In this study, spatio-temporal changes in vegetation coverage were investigated using MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data over 2000-2016. And a new method was introduced using Net Primary Productivity (NPP) model and relationship between NPP and NDVI to quantitatively and spatially distinguish the NDVI affected by climate change and human activities. Results showed that mean NDVI value over 2009-2016 were 14.46% greater than that over 2000-2007. In order to quantify the contribution of climate change and human activities to vegetation change, an NPP model suitable for the grassland of the Chinese Loess Plateau was identified using biomass observations from field survey and literature. The NDVI affected by climate change (NDVIclimate) was estimated by the NPP model and the relationship between NPP and NDVI. And the NDVI affected by human activities (NDVIhuman) was calculated by actual NDVI minus NDVIclimate. Comparison of the two stages showed that human activities and climate change contributed 42.35% and 57.65% respectively to the NDVI on grassland in the Loess Plateau. After analysis of numerous NDVIhuman related factors, the slopes restored by the \"Grain for Green Project\" was considered the main influence factor of human activities.", "DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) elicit prompt activation of DNA damage response (DDR), which arrests cell-cycle either in G1/S or G2/M in order to avoid entering S and M phase with damaged DNAs. Since mammalian tissues contain both proliferating and quiescent cells, there might be fundamental difference in DDR between proliferating and quiescent cells (or G0-arrested). To investigate these differences, we studied recruitment of DSB repair factors and resolution of DNA lesions induced at site-specific DSBs in asynchronously proliferating, G0-, or G1-arrested cells. Strikingly, DSBs occurring in G0 quiescent cells are not repaired and maintain a sustained activation of the p53-pathway. Conversely, re-entry into cell cycle of damaged G0-arrested cells, occurs with a delayed clearance of DNA repair factors initially recruited to DSBs, indicating an inefficient repair when compared to DSBs induced in asynchronously proliferating or G1-synchronized cells. Moreover, we found that initial recognition of DSBs and assembly of DSB factors is largely similar in asynchronously proliferating, G0-, or G1-synchronized cells. Our study thereby demonstrates that repair and resolution of DSBs is strongly dependent on the cell-cycle state." ]

[ "Generally, gases which are insoluble in water are collected by putting them into an inverted vessel via a tube, so that the gas rises to the top and 'displaces' the water downward. Take a look at the following picture—\n\n\n\nNow, the problem is that water has a certain vapour pressure at any temperature. In other words, whenever water is exposed to a gaseous phase, it will start to evaporate until the partial pressure of the water vapour in the gas phase reaches a certain value (this value depends on the temperature). This value is known as the 'vapou pressure of water'.\n\nIn this case, the gas you collected by displacing the water will be contaminated by water vapour. Therefore, the pressure of the gas which you measure will be the sum of the partial pressure of the product gas, and partial pressure of water vapour.\n$$\\begin{align*}\nMeasured\\;pressure &amp;= Partial\\;pressure\\;of\\;product\\;+\\;partial\\;pressure\\;of\\;water\\;vapour \\\\\n&amp;=Actual\\;pressure + Vapour\\;Pressure\n\\end{align*}$$ This means that you must correct the pressure, by subtracting the vapour pressure of water from the measured value to get the actual pressure of the produced gas.\n\nNote: There are standard tables which list the value of vapour pressure of water at different temperatures. These tables are generally used for the correction." ]

[ "As noted by Wikipedia, \n\n\n \"Henry's Law is a gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid.\"\n\n\nSo you are absolutely right. 4 times the pressure of oxygen should result in 4 times as much oxygen being dissolved. \n\nThe answer key for the problem must be wrong.\n\n\n User Delta_G made an interesting observation/correction. The problem is asking about the volume of gas that dissolves, not the concentration of oxygen in the water. So 28 ml at 4 atm of oxygen gas contains four times as much oxygen as 28 ml at 1 atm of the gas. So in either case 28 ml of the gas phase dissolves into the water.", "Consider the composition of the gas in your eudiometer. Most of it is hydrogen, but some of it is water vapour. In other words, not all the pressure is exerted by hydrogen, part of it is due to water. You could ask yourself: what would happen to the volume of gas produced, had you passed it through a drying tube.\n\nYou should have been given vapour pressure of water in a table. You should also have taken down value of air pressure and ambient temperature." ]

[ "The aim of this study was to determine whether the diagnostic yield of thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) changes over the course of residency training. We identified 5418 ultrasound-guided thyroid nodule FNAs performed in our radiology department from 2004 through 2012. For each FNA, we recorded if the FNA was performed by a resident and if so the name of the resident and supervising attending radiologist. For each resident, we determined the level of training based on their graduation year from our residency program and the date of the FNA as well as prior surgical training and if they completed subsequent interventional radiology fellowship. Pathology reports were reviewed, and FNAs were classified as diagnostic or nondiagnostic (ND). Generalized mixed models were used to assess ND rate with postgraduate years, including residents with and without prior surgical training or if they subsequently completed an interventional radiology fellowship. Of the 5418 thyroid FNAs, 3164 (58.4%) were performed by a radiology resident under the direct supervision of an attending physician. There was a significant decrease in ND rate as postgraduate years increased (P < .05). A significant decrease in ND rate was found as postgraduate years increased for residents without prior surgical training (P = .0007) or subsequent training in interventional radiology (P = .0014); however, no significant decrease was found for residents with surgical training (P = .37) or completing an interventional radiology fellowship (P = .08). In addition, no significant difference was found for ND rate between postgraduate year 4 (PGY4) and PGY5 (P > .05)" ]

[ "To evaluate the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) at fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in 34 120 patients. False positive and false negative rates of FNA cytology were 1.2 and 1.8% in comparison with the histology in 3406 nodules from 3004 patients who underwent surgery. PTC (901 cases) was more frequent in solitary nodule (SN; 446/13 549, 3.3%) than in multinodular goiter (MNG; 411/19 923, 2%, chi(2)=48.8; P<0.0001), and in males (209/6382, 3.3%) than in females (648/26 945, 2.40%, chi(2)=15.58; P<0.0001). PTC prevalence in Graves' disease (GD; 13/286, 4.5%) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT; 31/508, 6.1%) was higher than in SN, this difference being significant in HT (chi(2)=8.7; P=0.003), but not in GD (chi(2)=1.6; P=0.2). Using the multiple logistic regression analysis, independent risk predictors of PTC were determined, which were younger age (odds ratio (OR)=0.97, confidence interval (CI) 0.964-0.974; P<0.0001), male gender (OR=1.44, CI 1.231-1.683; P<0.0001), and SN versus MNG (OR=0.63, CI 0.547-0.717; P<0.0001). The individual risk predictivity was highly improved by including serum TSH in the prediction model, which was measured at FNA in 11 919 patients", "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of core-needle biopsy (CNB) in thyroid using a cohort of patients in which it was used as first choice.METHODS: Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study. We reviewed all CNB performed in our center over a period of 11 years. Ultrasound-guided CNBs were performed using a spring-loaded 18-gauge biopsy needle. We used a classification with four diagnostic categories for CNB results: insufficient, benign, follicular lesion (indeterminate), and malignant. Final diagnosis was based on surgical diagnosis or follow-up of at least 2 years in non-operated patients.RESULTS: The study included 4412 CNB in 4112 nodules of 3768 patients, 300 of them repeated biopsies. Results were 148 insufficient (3.4%), 3706 benign (84%), 278 follicular lesions (6.3%), and 280 malignant (6.3%). Considering follicular lesion and malignancy CNB results as positive (both lead to the recommendation of surgery) sensitivity was 96% (CI 93.2-97.8) and specificity 93.7% (CI 92.9-94.5). Predictive positive value for a follicular lesion diagnosis was 12.2% and for a malignancy diagnosis, 98.6%. CNB likelihood ratio for malignancy of a malignant diagnosis was 841.9 (CI 315.8-2313.3), of a malignant/follicular lesion diagnosis was 23.4 (CI 20.1-27.3), and of a benign diagnosis was 0.04 (CI 0.02-0.07). Repeated CNB in 53 insufficient biopsies obtained 50 diagnostic results. Minor complications occurred in 2.2% of CNB, and major in four procedures (0.09%).CONCLUSIONS: CNB in thyroid nodules is accurate and has few complications and a low rate of non-diagnostic and indeterminate diagnoses. It can be an alternative method when FNAC has poor performance. Repeating biopsy is useful after non-diagnostic biopsies.KEY POINTS: • Core-needle biopsy of thyroid has a low ratio non-diagnostic and indeterminate results. • Core-needle biopsy results are highly reliable, especially benign results. • Complication rate of core-needle biopsy of thyroid is low." ]

[ "Unterluss, Germany: tourism, information and visitor reviews. Unterluss is situated in Germany, in the Niedersachsen region where it is within Celle and the local Unterluess area. It is also an administrative centre for the local region." ]

[ "Witten/Herdecke University. Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H) is a private, state-recognized non-profit university in Witten, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.", "Where to find the NH München Unterhaching. 1 Area: Unterhaching. 2 Leipziger Str. 1, , 82008 Unterhaching. Munich - Germany. + 3 49 89 665520. Marienplatz (City 1 Center) Tennisclub. Munich Central 1 Station. Alte Pinakothek (Art Gallery)" ]

[ "The effects of sigma receptor antagonists on methamphetamine (METH)-induced stereotypy have not been examined. We examined the effects of sigma antagonists on METH-induced stereotypy in mice. The administration of METH (10 mg/kg) to male ddY mice induced stereotyped behavior consisting of biting (90.1%), sniffing (4.2%), head bobbing (4.1%), and circling (1.7%) during an observation period of 1 h. Pretreatment of the mice with BMY 14802 (alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinebutanol; 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), a non-specific sigma receptor antagonist, significantly increased METH-induced sniffing (19.2%, 30.5%, and 43.8% of total stereotypical behavior) but decreased biting (76.6%, 66.9%, and 49.3% of total stereotypical behavior) in a dose-dependent manner. This response was completely abolished by (+)-SKF 10,047 ([2S-(2alpha,6alpha,11R)]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(2-propenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol; 4 and 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(1) receptor agonist, and partially by PB 28 (1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methoxy-1-naphthalen-1-yl)-n-propyl]piperazine; 1 and 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(2) receptor agonist. The BMY 14802 action on METH-induced stereotypy was mimicked by BD 1047 (N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine; 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(1) receptor antagonist, but not by SM-21 ((+/-)-tropanyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)butanoate; 1 mg/kg), a putative sigma(2) receptor antagonist. The BD 1047 effect on METH-induced stereotypy was also abolished completely by (+)-SKF 10,047 and partially by PB 28. The overall frequency of METH-induced stereotypical behavior was unchanged with these sigma receptor ligands, despite the alteration in particular behavioral patterns. The BMY 14802 action on METH-induced stereotypy was unaffected by pretreatment with centrally acting histamine H(1) receptor antagonists (pyrilamine or ketotifen, 10 mg/kg), suggesting that these effects are independent of histamine H(1) receptor signaling systems" ]

[ "The mu opioid receptor (MOR) plays a critical role in modulating social behavior in humans and animals. Accordingly, MOR null mice display severe alterations in their social repertoire as well as multiple other behavioral deficits, recapitulating core and secondary symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Such behavioral profile suggests that MOR dysfunction, and beyond this, altered reward processes may contribute to ASD etiopathology. Interestingly, the only treatments that proved efficacy in relieving core symptoms of ASD, early behavioral intervention programs, rely principally on positive reinforcement to ameliorate behavior. The neurobiological underpinnings of their beneficial effects, however, remain poorly understood. Here we back-translated applied behavior analysis (ABA)-based behavioral interventions to mice lacking the MOR (Oprm1-/-), as a model of autism with blunted reward processing. By associating a positive reinforcement, palatable food reward, to daily encounter with a wild-type congener, we were able to rescue durably social interaction and preference in Oprm1-/- mice. Along with behavioral improvements, the expression of marker genes of neuronal activity and plasticity as well as genes of the oxytocin/vasopressin system were remarkably normalized in the reward/social circuitry. Our study provides further evidence for a critical involvement of reward processes in driving social behavior and opens new perspectives regarding therapeutic intervention in ASD.", "The in vivo pharmacology of the sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) is certainly complex; however, σ1R antagonists are of therapeutic interest, because they enhance mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated antinociception and reduce neuropathic pain. Thus, we investigated whether the σ1R is involved in the negative control that glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptors (NMDARs) exert on opioid antinociception. The MOR C terminus carries the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) coupled to the regulator of G-protein signaling RGSZ2-neural nitric oxide synthase assembly. Activated MORs stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the redox zinc switch RGSZ2 converts this signal into free zinc ions that are required to recruit the redox sensor PKCγ to HINT1 proteins. Then, PKCγ impairs HINT1-RGSZ2 association and enables σ1R-NR1 interaction with MOR-HINT1 complexes to restrain opioid signaling. The inhibition of NOS or the absence of σ1Rs prevents HINT1-PKCγ interaction, and MOR-NMDAR cross-regulation fails. The σ1R antagonists transitorily remove the binding of σ1Rs to NR1 subunits, facilitate the entrance of negative regulators of NMDARs, likely Ca(2+)-CaM, and prevent NR1 interaction with HINT1, thereby impairing the negative feedback of glutamate on opioid analgesia" ]

[ "DHPP. DHPP is a combination vaccine for distemper, hepatitis, pavovirus and parainfluenza. Canine distemper is a virus that affects a dog's respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous system. There is no cure. Canine hepatitis attacks the liver, eyes and kidneys. Death can occur." ]

[ "DA2PP, is a multivalent vaccine for dogs that protects against the viruses indicated by the alphanumeric characters forming the acronym: D for canine distemper, A2 for canine adenovirus type 2, which offers cross-protection to canine adenovirus type 1 (the more pathogenic of the two strains) (see Canine adenovirus), the first P for canine parvovirus ...", "DA2PP , is a multivalent vaccine for dogs that protects against the viruses indicated by the alphanumeric characters forming the acronym : D for canine distemper , A2 for canine adenovirus type 2 , which offers cross-protection to canine adenovirus type 1 ( the more pathogenic of the two strains ) ( see Canine adenovirus ) , the first P for canine ..." ]

[ "Drinking lemon water regularly throughout the day can only help with weight loss if you are consuming it in place of sweetened beverages such as ice-blended coffee drinks, energy drinks and soft drinks." ]

[ "Best Answer: Yes its good for you and it can help weight loss but drink about 4 cups a day. you can lose even faster by adding other weight loss herbs to your green tea like fennel, ginger and cayenne. There are numerous factors which affect weight loss and weight gain other than what you eat and exercise.", "Stave off sparse coverage by eating right. Low iron can contribute to hair loss, so start swallowing 18 milligrams a day; one cup of fortified oatmeal will provide your daily fill. ...stub out that butt Your chestnut mane is the result of lots of melanin, which could fast-track your dependency on nicotine." ]

[ "award-winning All-Star players, including Hall of Famer Roberto Alomar, Joe Carter, John Olerud, and Devon White. The Blue Jays became the first (and, to date, only) team outside the US to appear in and win a World Series, and the fastest AL expansion team to do so, winning in its 16th year. After 1993, the Blue Jays failed to qualify for the playoffs for 21 consecutive seasons, until clinching a playoff berth and division championship in 2015. The team clinched a second consecutive playoff berth in 2016, after securing an AL wild card position. Both years, the Jays won the", "first Canadian franchise, the Montreal Expos, became the Washington Nationals in 2005. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Blue Jays went through struggles typical of an expansion team, frequently finishing in last place in its division. In 1983, the team had its first winning season and two years later, they became division champions. From 1985 to 1993, they were an AL East powerhouse, winning five division championships in nine seasons, including three consecutive from 1991 to 1993. During that run, the team also became back-to-back World Series champions in 1992 and 1993, led by a core group of" ]

[ "behind the division champion Boston Red Sox. Still, the season had numerous highlights. First baseman Fred McGriff hit 34 home runs, and Dave Stieb had back-to-back starts in which he lost a no-hitter with two out and two strikes in the ninth inning. In 1989, the Blue Jays' new retractable roofed home, SkyDome, opened in mid-season. It also marked the beginning of an extremely successful five-year period for the team. In May, management fired manager Jimy Williams and replaced him with Cito Gaston, the team's hitting instructor. The club had a dismal 12–24 record at the time of the firing,", "On April 2, one day before the start of the regular season, Melvin Upton Jr. was released. By the end of April, the Jays had the worst record in all of MLB. On July 2, the Jays traded Grilli to the Texas Rangers for Eduard Pinto. Pearce hit two walk-off grand slams in a span of three days: one against the Oakland Athletics on July 27 and another against the Los Angeles Angels on July 30, the latter of which is an ultimate grand slam. The Blue Jays wore special red-and-white uniforms at select games during the 2017 season to" ]

[ "It couldn't hurt the Journal no matter how big it was." ]

[ "Since it was really big, it was going to hurt the Journal." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Despite recent progress in the management of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), many cases relapse. Increased drug resistance patterns of responsible bacteria have been proposed as the most probable causative factor. Driven by the limited number of previous studies addressing this topic, we aimed to study whether antibiotic resistance increases in patients with CBP when relapse occurs. A secondary aim of this study was to determine the resistance patterns of responsible bacteria from patients with CBP.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study material consisted of bacterial isolates from urine and/or prostatic secretions obtained from patients with CBP. Bacterial identification was performed by using the Vitek 2 Compact system and susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and/or the Vitek 2 system. Interpretation of susceptibility results was based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.RESULTS: A total of 253 samples from patients diagnosed with CBP for the first time (group A) and 137 samples from relapsing patients with a history of CBP and previous antibiotic treatment (group B) were analyzed. A significant reduction in bacterial resistance to the less used antibiotics (TMP-SMX, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, penicillins, and macrolides) was noted. An increase in resistance to quinolones of many bacteria that cause CBP was also noted with the increase in resistance of enterococcus strains being alarming.CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of the resistance profile of CBP-responsible bacteria between samples from first-time-diagnosed patients and samples from relapsing patients revealed notable differences that could be attributed to previous antibiotic treatment." ]

[ "Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) can prevent deaths due to bacteria and reduce the spread of multi-drug-resistance, but cannot be regularly performed in resource-limited-settings due to technological challenges, high-costs, and lack of trained professionals. We demonstrate an automated and cost-effective cellphone-based 96-well microtiter-plate (MTP) reader, capable of performing AST without the need for trained diagnosticians. Our system includes a 3D-printed smartphone attachment that holds and illuminates the MTP using a light-emitting-diode array. An inexpensive optical fiber-array enables the capture of the transmitted light of each well through the smartphone camera. A custom-designed application sends the captured image to a server to automatically determine well-turbidity, with results returned to the smartphone in ~1 minute. We tested this mobile-reader using MTPs prepared with 17 antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacteria on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, containing highly-resistant antimicrobial profiles. Using 78 patient isolate test-plates, we demonstrated that our mobile-reader meets the FDA-defined AST criteria, with a well-turbidity detection accuracy of 98.21%, minimum-inhibitory-concentration accuracy of 95.12%, and a drug-susceptibility interpretation accuracy of 99.23%, with no very major errors. This mobile-reader could eliminate the need for trained diagnosticians to perform AST, reduce the cost-barrier for routine testing, and assist in spatio-temporal tracking of bacterial resistance.", "Antibiotic susceptibility testing is often performed to determine the most effective antibiotic treatment for a bacterial infection, or perhaps to determine if a particular strain of bacteria is becoming drug resistant. Such tests, and others used to determine efficacy of candidate antibiotics during the drug discovery process, have resulted in a demand for more rapid susceptibility testing methods. Here, we have developed a susceptibility test that utilizes chemiluminescent determination of ATP release from bacteria and the overall optical density (OD600) of the bacterial solution. Bacteria release ATP during a growth phase or when they are lysed in the presence of an effective antibiotic. Because optical density increases during growth phase, but does not change during bacterial lysing, an increase in the ATP:optical density ratio after the bacteria have reached the log phase of growth (which is steady) would indicate antibiotic efficacy. Specifically, after allowing a kanamycin-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (E.coli) to pass through the growth phase and reach steady state, the addition of levofloxacin, an antibiotic to which E. coli is susceptible, resulted in a significant increase in the ATP:OD600 ratio in comparison to the use of kanamycin alone (1.80 +/- 0.50 vs. 1.12 +/- 0.28). This difference could be measured 20 minutes after the addition of the antibiotic, to which the bacteria are susceptible, to the bacterial sample. Furthermore, this method also proved useful with gram positive bacteria, as the addition of kanamycin to a chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) resulted in an ATP:OD600 ratio of 2.14 +/- 0.26 in comparison to 0.62 +/- 0.05 for bacteria not subjected to the antibiotic to which the bacteria are susceptible. Collectively, these results suggest that measurement of the ATP:OD600 ratio may provide a susceptibility test for antibiotic efficacy that is more rapid and quantitative than currently accepted techniques." ]

[ "The effects of weightlessness on enteric microorganisms have been extensively studied, but have mainly been focused on pathogens. As a major component of the microbiome of the human intestinal tract, probiotics are important to keep the host healthy. Accordingly, understanding their changes under weightlessness conditions has substantial value. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a typical probiotic for humans, under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions. The results revealed that SMG had no significant impact on the morphology of L. acidophilus, but markedly shortened its lag phase, enhanced its growth rate, acid tolerance ability up to pH<2.5, and the bile resistance at the bile concentration of <0.05%. SMG also decreased the sensitivity of L. acidophilus to cefalexin, sulfur gentamicin, and sodium penicillin. No obvious effect of SMG was observed on the adhesion ability of L. acidophilus to Caco-2 cells. Moreover, after SMG treatment, both the culture of L. acidophilus and its liquid phase exhibited higher antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium and S. aureus in a time-dependent manner. The SMG treatment also increased the in vitro cholesterol-lowering ability of L. acidophilus by regulating the expression of the key cholesterol metabolism genes CYP7A1, ABCB11, LDLR, and HMGCR in the HepG2 cell line. Thus, the SMG treatment did have considerable influence on some biological activities and characteristics of L. acidophilus related to human health. These findings provided valuable information for understanding the influence of probiotics on human health under simulated microgravity conditions, at least." ]

[ "Processing induced conformational changes can modulate digestibility of food allergens and thereby their antigenicity. Effect of different pH (3, 5, 7), temperature (room temperature, 120C) and shear (0s(-1), 1000s(-1)) on simulated gastrointestinal digestibility of -lg and post digestion antigenic characteristics have been studied. At all pH levels unheated -lg showed resistance to peptic digestion with high antigenic value while it was fairly susceptible to pancreatin with moderate reduction in antigenicity. Heating at 120C significantly improved both peptic and pancreatic digestion attributed to structural alterations that resulted in much lower antigenicity; the level of reduction being pH dependant. The lowest antigenicity was recorded at pH 5. Shearing (1000s(-1)) had a minor impact reducing digestibility and thereby enhancing antigenicity of unheated -lg at pH 5 and 7 slightly; however in conjunction with heating (120C) it reduced antigenicity further irrespective of the pH. Overall, treatment at pH 5, 120C and 1000s(-1) could potentially reduce post digestion antigenicity of -lg.", "This study evaluates the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to activate DC and neutrophils and modulate T cell activation and the impact of bacterial dose on these responses. Murine bone marrow derived DC or neutrophils were stimulated with LGG at ratios of 5 : 1, 10 : 1, and 100 : 1 (LGG : cells) and DC maturation (CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC class II) and cytokine production (IL-10, TNF-, and IL-12p70) were examined after 2 h and 18 h coculture and compared to the ability of BCG (the present immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer) to stimulate these cells. A 2 h exposure to 100 : 1 (high dose) or an 18 h exposure to 5 : 1 or 10 : 1 (low dose), LGG : cells, induced the highest production of IL-12 and upregulation of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC II on DC. In DCs stimulated with LGG activated neutrophils IL-12 production decreased with increasing dose. LGG induced 10-fold greater IL-12 production than BCG. T cell IFN and IL-2 production was significantly greater when stimulated with DC activated with low dose LGG. In conclusion, DC or DC activated with neutrophils exposed to low dose LGG induced greater Th1 polarization in T cells and this could potentially exert stronger antitumor effects. Thus the dose of LGG used for immunotherapy could determine treatment efficacy." ]

[ "There is a dog on a baseball field." ]

[ "The dog is attacking a soccer player on a soccer field." ]

[ " Meckel syndrome affects 1 in 13,250 to 1 in 140,000 people worldwide. It is more common in certain populations; for example, the condition affects about 1 in 9,000 people of Finnish ancestry and about 1 in 3,000 people of Belgian ancestry." ]

[ " Holt-Oram syndrome is estimated to affect 1 in 100,000 individuals.", " Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy affects an estimated 1 in 1,000 people worldwide. Approximately 5 percent of people with epilepsy have juvenile myoclonic epilepsy." ]

[ "As Martin has mentioned, carbenes are a good starting point if you are looking for organic compounds with a triplet ground state.\n\nIn these carbenes, the HOMO is not twofold degenerate, as your question suggests. Instead, there are two singly occupied orbitals with different energy. The energy gap, though, is typically small, and since there is an energy cost associated with pairing electrons in the same orbital, the electrons prefer to stay apart.\n\n$\\ce{CH2}$ itself has a triplet ground state, but is very difficult to observe; most methods of generating carbenes actually produce singlet carbenes, and $\\ce{CH2}$ is so reactive that singlet $\\ce{CH2}$ reacts with other stuff before it decays. Not all that interesting, eh.\n\nThere are some examples of persistent triplet carbenes, though.1 This one, reported by Hirai and Tomioka in 1999,2 has a half-life of $\\pu{940 s}$ in degassed benzene at $\\pu{20 ^\\circ C}$:\n\n\n\nIn general, simple alkyl and aryl carbenes adopt a triplet ground state. These particular aryl groups on the carbene provide a large degree of kinetic stabilisation, which prevents simple dimerisation of the carbene (to form an alkene); the para alkyl groups also hinder reaction at that position. A further computational study of this molecule has been carried out by the Schaefer group, which supports the analysis above.3\n\n\n\nReferences\n\n\nHirai, K.; Itoh, T.; Tomioka, H. Persistent Triplet Carbenes. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109 (8), 3275–3332. DOI: 10.1021/cr800518t.\nHirai, K.; Tomioka, H. A Triplet Carbene That Can Almost Be Bottled. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121 (43), 10213–10214. DOI: 10.1021/ja991387c.\nWoodcock, H. L.; Moran, D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Schaefer, H. F., III. The Almost Bottleable Triplet Carbene:  2,6-dibromo-4-tert-butyl-2′,6′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4′-isopropyldiphenylcarbene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123 (18), 4331–4335. DOI: 10.1021/ja003552q." ]

[ "Yes it has to do with the number of electrons. Consider a simple model of the electron on a ring, then the electron has to follow a circular path and its wavelength has to 'fit' exactly round the ring. Thus the wavelength has to satisfy the condition $L=q\\lambda$ where $q$ is a quantum number $q=0, \\pm 1, \\pm 2 ...$ characterising each eigenstate. The energy in this simple model comes to $E=(hq)^2/(2mL^2)$ ($h$ is the planck constant, $m$ the electron mass). Now in this model filling up the energy levels according to the aufbau principle, (Pauli principle &amp; Hund's rules) leads to 2 electrons in $q=0$ (which is singly degenerate) and 2 in $q=+1$ , and $q=-1$ etc which are all doubly degenerate in energy.\n\nThus $4n+2 ~~ \\pi$ electrons fill up all levels with two electrons in each level. The $4n~~ \\pi$ contains only a single electron each. This is because it takes less energy to add one electron to each of the $q$ levels rather than pairing them up. The sketch shows this.\n\n\n\nThe unpaired electrons are shown in the $4n$ column, however, the levels are also shown as being split in energy. This is due to the Jahn-Teller effect. This states that a slight interaction between degenerate levels can cause the degeneracy to be split and so lower the energy. The interaction could be due to slightly different bond lengths and the energy levels are split by only a small amount relative to the gap to other levels. \n\nAlthough not shown in the diagram, (which is thus slightly inaccurate) both spins will occupy the same lower level so in this sense, [4n]annulenes do not really exhibit molecular paramagnetism. The electrons interact with the magnetic field $B_0$ and this leads to a mixing of levels and this causes a paramagnetic contribution to the shielding constant. This is larger than the diamagnetic contribution for lower orbitals. Thus in [4n]annulenes we speak illustratively of a 'paramagnetic ring current' and molecules showing this effect are called paratropic and those with no ring current atropic.", "(1) It can and will distort. In general, any non-linear molecule with an orbitally degenerate ground state is susceptible to a first-order JT distortion. $\\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ falls under this category.\n\nHowever, the Jahn-Teller theorem has its roots in symmetry and group theory. These can only tell you whether an integral is zero or whether it is nonzero - i.e. whether there is no distortion, or whether there is a distortion. They cannot make any prediction as to the extent of the distortion, or the exact form of the distortion.\n\nThe ground-state distortion in $\\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^2+}$ is small, which may be rationalised as being due to an unsymmetrical occupancy of the $\\mathrm{t_{2g}}$ orbitals, which point between ligands.\n\n(2) No, the energy required to promote an electron is far larger than any stabilisation that can be derived from a JT distortion." ]

[ "The boy is wearing an orange shirt." ]

[ "The boy is trying to commit suicide because his parents forced him to wear a Dorito's shirt." ]

[ "Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 supraparticles@MIL-100(Fe) core-shell nanostructure microspheres were successfully constructed by a facile step-by-step method. The polyacrylate formed in situ during the process of the preparation of Fe3O4 supraparticles not only acted as a stabilizer on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles surface, but also played a crucial role as a \"bridge\" in the initial stage of the framework components selectively assembly on the Fe3O4 supraparticle surfaces. The structure and composition of the obtained microspheres were characterized by SEM, TEM, DLS, XRD, FTIR, and TG analysis. The MPMS results revealed that the introduction of the MOF shells can inhibit the interplay among the neighboring Fe3O4 supraparticles while an external magnetic field applied. The well-dispersed microspheres are biocompatible, which endow the microspheres great potential in drug targeting applications with enhanced efficiency." ]

[ "X-ray structures of homopolymeric L-ferritin obtained by freezing protein crystals at increasing exposure times to a ferrous solution showed the progressive formation of a triiron cluster on the inner cage surface of each subunit. After 60 min exposure, a fully assembled (3-oxo)Tris[(2-peroxo)(2-glutamato-O:O')](glutamato-O)(diaquo)triiron(III) anionic cluster appears in human L-ferritin. Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64 provide the anchoring of the cluster to the protein cage. Glu57 shuttles incoming iron ions toward the cluster. We observed a similar metallocluster in horse spleen L-ferritin, indicating that it represents a common feature of mammalian L-ferritins. The structures suggest a mechanism for iron mineral formation at the protein interface. The functional significance of the observed patch of carboxylate side chains and resulting metallocluster for biomineralization emerges from the lower iron oxidation rate measured in the E60AE61AE64A variant of human L-ferritin, leading to the proposal that the observed metallocluster corresponds to the suggested, but yet unobserved, nucleation site of L-ferritin.", "The construction of multifunctional microspheres for remote controlled drug release requires the exquisite selection of composite materials and preparation approaches. In this study, chitosan, an amino polysaccharide, was blended with inorganic nanocomponents, Fe3O4 and graphene oxide (GO) and electrosprayed to fabricate uniform microspheres with the diameters ranging from 100m to 1100m. An anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded to the microspheres by an adsorption or embedding method. The microsphere is responsive to magnetic fields due to the presence of Fe3O4, and the incorporation of GO enhanced the drug loading capacity. The fast stimuli-responsive release of DOX can be facilely controlled by using NIR irradiation due to the strong photo-thermal conversion of Fe3O4 and GO. In addition, ultrasound was used as another external stimulus for DOX release. The results suggest the Fe3O4/GO/Chitosan microspheres fabricated by the electrospray method provide an efficient platform for remote controlled drug release, which may have potential applications in drug eluting microspheres." ]

[ "During ageing, wood adsorbs volatile compounds from beverages. However, chemical interactions involved in sorption still remain unclear, as well as wood capacity to transfer such compounds to subsequent matrices when reused. Therefore, extractions were conducted from used wood manipulating variables such as ethanol concentration, contact temperature and pH, in order to determine their effect in the interaction and consequent recovery of wine volatiles from wood. Mathematical models were outlined, which demonstrated an exclusive effect of ethanol concentration on the extraction of wine volatiles adsorbed in wood, more prominent for compounds of higher hydrophobicity. Thus adsorption of wine volatiles was shown to be based on hydrophobic interactions. Recovery of wood extractives was also modeled, confirming the known positive effect of ethanol and temperature on the overall extraction of characteristic wood compounds. When reused, wood transferred wine compounds to hydroalcoholic matrices, demonstrating its impact and potential as a vector for aroma transference." ]

[ "This study investigated the potential to improve wine aroma by applying two inactive dry yeast products (IDYs) at the onset of ripening on Sauvignon Blanc grapes. Both products led to increased reduced glutathione concentrations in the grape juice and corresponding wines, as well as differences in individual higher alcohol acetates (HAAs) and ethyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (EEFAs) at the end of fermentation. After two months of storage, a significantly slower decrease of EEFAs and to a lesser extent of HAAs was found for wines made from grapes with IDY applications. These wines also resulted in significantly slower synthesis of ethyl esters of branched acids, whereas varietal thiols were altered in a product-specific manner. The modifications in the wine chemical composition were also sensorially corroborated. This study showed that vineyard additions of IDY products directly on the grapes at the onset of ripening have a subsequent benefit to the production and preservation of aroma in wines.", "The present study investigated for the first time the efficacy of surfactant-assisted ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) pretreatment of beech wood waste for enhanced ethanol production. The ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment included wood dissolution at 120C and 5% solid loading for 3h followed by regeneration using water as an anti-solvent. The substrate was initially presoaked in different concentrations of surfactant solution (2%, 4%, 6% w/w) prior to IL pretreatment. Tween 20, Tween 80 and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) surfactants were tested and the results revealed major improvements in the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis. More than 91% enzymatic digestibility was achieved for the PEG (2%)-assisted IL-pretreated wood, while yields from untreated and IL-pretreated wood were only 6.0% and 75.2%, respectively. A maximum ethanol yield of 82.1% was obtained. Comprehensive characterization of the pretreated materials using semi-quantitative methods indicated that synergistic surfactant-assisted [EMIM]OAc pretreatment significantly increased cellulose accessibility to cellulase and decreased the hemicellulose and lignin contents." ]

[ "The ability to represent both stimulus identity and intensity is fundamental for perception. Using large-scale population recordings in awake mice, we find distinct coding strategies facilitate non-interfering representations of odor identity and intensity in piriform cortex. Simply knowing which neurons were activated is sufficient to accurately represent odor identity, with no additional information about identity provided by spike time or spike count. Decoding analyses indicate that cortical odor representations are not sparse. Odorant concentration had no systematic effect on spike counts, indicating that rate cannot encode intensity. Instead, odor intensity can be encoded by temporal features of the population response. We found a subpopulation of rapid, largely concentration-invariant responses was followed by another population of responses whose latencies systematically decreased at higher concentrations. Cortical inhibition transforms olfactory bulb output to sharpen these dynamics. Our data therefore reveal complementary coding strategies that can selectively represent distinct features of a stimulus." ]

[ "Even though deficits in olfactory function affect a considerable part of the population, the neuronal basis of olfactory deficits remains scarcely investigated. To achieve a better understanding of how smell loss affects neural activation patterns and functional networks, we set out to investigate patients with olfactory dysfunction using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and olfactory stimulation. We used patients' scores on a standardized olfactory test as continuous measure of olfactory function. 48 patients (mean olfactory threshold discrimination identification (TDI) score = 16.33, SD = 6.4, range 6 - 28.5) were investigated. Overall, patients showed piriform cortex activation during odor stimulation compared to pure sniffing. Group independent component analysis indicated that the recruitment of three networks during odor stimulation was correlated with olfactory function: a sensory processing network (including regions such as insula, thalamus and piriform cortex), a cerebellar network and an occipital network. Interestingly, recruitment of these networks during pure sniffing was related to olfactory function as well. Our results support previous findings that sniffing alone can activate olfactory regions. Extending this, we found that the severity of olfactory deficits is related to the extent to which neural networks are recruited both during olfactory stimulation and pure sniffing. This indicates that olfactory deficits are not only reflected in changes in specific olfactory areas but also in the recruitment of occipital and cerebellar networks. These findings pave the way for future investigations on whether characteristics of these networks might be of use for the prediction of disease prognosis or of treatment success.", "The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) computes and transfers olfactory information from the olfactory bulb to the hippocampus. Here we established LEC connectivity to upstream and downstream brain regions to understand how the LEC processes olfactory information. We report that, in layer II (LII), reelin- and calbindin-positive (RE(+) and CB(+)) neurons constitute two major excitatory cell types that are electrophysiologically distinct and differentially connected. RE(+) neurons convey information to the hippocampus, while CB(+) neurons project to the olfactory cortex and the olfactory bulb. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that RE(+) neurons responded with higher selectivity to specific odors than CB(+) neurons and GABAergic neurons. At the population level, odor discrimination was significantly better for RE(+) than CB(+) neurons, and was lowest for GABAergic neurons. Thus, we identified in LII of the LEC anatomically and functionally distinct neuronal subpopulations that engage differentially in feedforward and feedback signaling during odor processing." ]

[ "A man knows how to play the violin." ]

[ "A man is juggling balls while slacklining." ]

[ "cAMP effects have been initially attributed to protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Subsequently, two exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac1/2) have been identified as cAMP targets. Aim of this study was to investigate cAMP effects in pancreatic-NET (P-NET) and bronchial carcinoids and in corresponding cell lines (QGP-1 and H727) on cell proliferation and adhesion and to determine PKA and Epac role in mediating these effects. We found that cAMP increased cyclin D1 expression in P-NET and QGP-1 cells, whereas it had opposite effects on bronchial carcinoids and H727 cells and it promoted cell adhesion in QGP-1 and H727 cells. These effects are mimicked by Epac and PKA specific analogs, activating the small GTPase Rap1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cAMP exerted divergent effects on proliferation and promoted cell adhesion of different neuroendocrine cell types, these effects being mediated by both Epac and PKA and involving the same effector GTPase Rap1." ]

[ "Recently, a family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors have been identified in many cell types as important effectors of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophospahte (cAMP) signalling that is independent of protein kinase A (PKA). In the heart, investigation of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) has yielded conflicting results. Since cAMP is an important regulator of cardiac contractility, this study aimed to examine whether Epac activation modulates excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular preparations from rat hearts. The study used 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cpTOME), an analogue of cAMP that activates Epac, but not PKA. In isolated myocytes, cpTOME increased Ca(2+) spark frequency from about 7 to 32/100 m(3)/s (n = 10), P = 0.05 with a reduction in the peak amplitude of the sparks. Simultaneous measurements of intracellular Ca(2+) and isometric force in multicellular trabeculae (n = 7, 1.5 mmol/L [Ca(2+)]o) revealed no effect of Epac activation on either the amplitude of Ca(2+) transients (Control 0.7 0.1 vs cpTOME 0.7 0.1; 340/380 fura-2 ratio, P = 0.35) or on peak stress (Control 24 5 mN/mm(2) vs cpTOME 23 5 mN/mm(2), P = 0.20). However, an effect of Epac in trabeculae was unmasked by lowering extracellular [Ca(2+)]o. In these depotentiated trabeculae, activation of the Epac pathway increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, an effect that was blocked by addition of KN-93, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II) inhibitor. This study suggests that Epac activation may be a useful therapeutic target to increase the strength of contraction during low inotropic states.", "Caffeine produces a variety of behavioral effects including increased alertness, reduced food intake, anxiogenic effects, and dependence upon repeated exposure. Although many of the effects of caffeine are mediated by its ability to block adenosine receptors, it is possible that other neural substrates, such as cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), may be involved in the effects of caffeine. Indeed, a recent study demonstrated that repeated caffeine administration increases CART in the mouse striatum. However, it is not clear whether acute caffeine administration alters CART in other areas of the brain. To explore this possibility, we investigated the dose- and time-dependent changes in CART immunoreactivity (CART-IR) after a single dose of caffeine in mice. We found that a high dose of caffeine (100 mg/kg) significantly increased CART-IR 2 h after administration in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc), and locus coeruleus (LC), and returned to control levels after 8 h. But this increase was not observed in other brain areas. In addition, caffeine administration at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg appears to produce dose-dependent increases in CART-IR in these brain areas; however, the magnitude of increase in CART-IR observed at a dose of 50 mg/kg was similar or greater than that observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg. This result suggests that CART-IR in AcbSh, dBNST, CeA, PVN, Arc, and LC is selectively affected by caffeine administration." ]

[ "Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) plasma concentration increases and holds a prognostic significance in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. We assessed the hypothesis that right ventricular (RV) overload might significantly contribute to plasma elevation of cardiac natriuretic hormones in patients with heart failure. Forty-one patients with cardiomyopathy and depressed left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, EF, <40%), underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting plasma determination of ANP and BNP. Nineteen healthy subjects were also studied as control group. Ventricular volumes and function were assessed by MRI. In the group of patients, LVEF was 22.6+/-1.2% (controls: 61.2+/-1.3%, P<0.001, mean+/-S.E.M.), while RVEF was 48.2+/-2.5% (controls: 66.7+/-1.6%, P<0.001); LV and RV end diastolic/systolic volumes, corrected by body surface area, were 143+/-7/114+/-7 ml/m2 (controls 70+/-3/27+/-2 ml/m2, both P<0.001) and 66+/-3/37+/-4 ml/m2 (controls: 63+/-4/21+/-2 ml/m2, P<0.01 only for end-systolic volume). BNP plasma value was on average 324+/-39 pg/ml (range: 23-1280, controls 10+/-2 pg/ml), ANP value was 144+/-17 pg/ml (range: 26-534, controls 15+/-1 pg/ml). BNP positively correlated with either end-diastolic or end-systolic RV volume in patients, less with LV systolic, and not with LV diastolic volume. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was observed between BNP and either LVEF or RVEF. Conversely, ANP showed a significant correlation only with end-systolic RV volume and with both RVEF and LVEF. When multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was applied LVEF resulted the only independent predictor for ANP plasma values (R=0.591, P<0.001), while LVEF and RV end-diastolic volume for BNP (R=0.881, P<0.001, and R=0.881, P=0.035, respectively)" ]

[ "Objective: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency is related to increased cardiovascular mortality. We studied clinical status, concentration of amino-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic-peptide (NT-proBNP) and echocardiographic parameters during long-term GH replacement (GH-R).Methods: Fifty-one patients (29 females), 45.9 ± 11.3 years (mean ± s.d.), median follow-up 36.2 months, echocardiography and laboratory determinations initially and at 12-months intervals.Results: At the last follow-up (last observation carried forward) (LFU (LOCF)) insulin-like growth-factor-1 standard deviation score (IGF-1 SDS) was ±1 in 92% of the patients. The median NT-proBNP declined significantly and stabilized (-40.5%) at LFU (LOCF) due to patients with a basal NT-proBNP >125 ng/L (indicative of heart failure). The basal NT-proBNP and the final IGF-1 SDS were significant predictors of the NT-proBNP at LFU (LOCF). Initially left ventricular enddiastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWD) and ejection fraction (EF) were normal, while interventricular septum diameter (IVSD) and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) were slightly increased. LVPWD and IVSD had significantly declined by year three. The LVMi was moderately to severely abnormal in 37.3 and 52.0% of patients initially and at LFU (LOCF). At LFU (LOCF) LVMi and IGF-1 were significantly correlated in the 14 male patients of this subgroup.Conclusion: Long-term GH-R of GHD positively affected ISVD and LVPWD. In a subgroup of patients with severe GHD, LVMi increased concomitantly to the decline in NT-proBNP and this was positively correlated to the final IGF-1 concentration. Whether this observation indicates a positive development in a structurally altered heart muscle (reversal of adverse remodelling) or poses a future risk for heart failure needs further follow-up.", "Pressure overload induces the cardiac expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Plasma levels are elevated in patients with heart disease. It is unknown whether this represents an epiphenomenon or suggests involvement in hypertrophy. To identify a potential role of PTHrP in pressure induced hypertrophy and heart failure. Pressure load was produced via thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) and application of a PTHrP antagonist (PTHrP(7-34)) via osmotic minipumps in mice. Main findings were confirmed in vitro by exposing isolated adult ventricular mice cardiomyocytes to PTHrP(1-34) (100 nmol/l). TAC treated animals developed myocardial hypertrophy within 2 weeks. The heart weight to body weight ratio increased from 5.02+/-0.14 mg/g (sham/vehicle) and 5.16+/-0.19 mg/g (sham/antagonist) to 6.59+/-0.85 mg/g (TAC/vehicle) and 7.07+/-0.80 mg/g (TAC/antagonist) (each n=6-8; p<0.05 for TAC vs. sham; not significantly different between TAC groups). In parallel, the expression of atrial natriuretic factor increased. Cardiac dysfunction (+dP/dt, -dP/dt), however, was significantly lower in TAC mice receiving the antagonist, and SERCA2 expression was higher. Isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to PTHrP(1-34) developed reduced cell shortening. This reduction in cell function was abolished in the co-presence of the antagonist" ]