Datasets:

BMRetriever

/

biomed_retrieval_dataset

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[ "Pericardial effusion is an early complication following orthotopic heart transplantation. Effusion that requires surgical intervention not only prolongs in-hospital stay but also increases early mortality rate. EuroSCORE is one of the most common methods for calculating predictive mortality in heart surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis of 25 patients (22 men and 3 women, mean age 49±12 years). Mortality risk by EuroSCORE was estimated prior to surgery. All patients were operated on with Lower-Shumway technique and treated with standard triple immunosuppressive regimen (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone). They were divided into 2 groups depending on postoperative pericardial effusion that required surgical intervention. There were 9 (36%) patients in the pericardial effusion group (PE group) and 16 (64%) in the control group (C group). There was 1 death, on the 7th postoperative day, due to Clostridium difficile infection. Mean time of pericardial effusion echocardiographic detection was 9±2 days following surgery. The mean amount of fluid diagnosed in 4-chamber transthoracic echocardiography was 2.2±0.3 cm vs. 0.7±0.2 cm (p<0.05). Pericardial effusion followed thrombocytopenia of 98±17 vs. 172±26×10⁹/L in PE and C group (p<0.05). Patients' mean intensive care unit time stay was 23±9 days and 11±7 days in PE and C group, respectively (p<0.05). The overall hospitalization time was 38±12 days and 31±23 days in PE and C group, respectively (p<0.05). The discriminant analysis showed that EuroSCORE >16% is a single predicting variable for postoperative pericardial effusion (AUC 0.946, CI: 0.76-0.99)" ]

[ "BACKGROUND: A prospective, multi-center study (RECON) was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of pericardial closure using a decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) graft derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa.METHODS: Patients indicated for open cardiac surgery with pericardial closure using ECM were eligible for the RECON study cohort. Postoperative complications and readmission of the RECON patients were compared to the patient cohort in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control the differences in patient demographics, comorbidities, and risk factors.RESULTS: A total of 1420 patients at 42 centers were enrolled, including 923 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries and 436 valve surgeries. Significantly fewer valve surgery patients in the RECON cohort experienced pleural effusion (3.1% vs. 13.0%; p < 0.05) and pericardial effusion (1.5% vs. 2.6%; p < 0.05) than in the NRD cohort. CABG patients in the RECON cohort were less likely to suffer bleeding (1.2% vs. 2.9%; p < 0.05) and pericardial effusion (0.2% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.05) than those in the NRD cohort. The 30-day all-cause hospital readmission rate was significantly lower among RECON patients than NRD patients following both valve surgery (HR: 0.34; p < 0.05) and CABG surgery (HR: 0.42; p < 0.05). In the RECON study, 14.4% of CABG patients and 27.0% of valve patients had postoperative atrial fibrillation as compared to previously reported risks, which generally ranges from 20 to 30% after CABG and from 35 to 50% after valve surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial closure with ECM following cardiac surgery is associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients with pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and 30-day readmission compared to a nationwide database.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02073331 , Registered on February 27, 2014.", "BACKGROUND: National registries have provided data on in-hospital outcomes for several cardiac procedures. The available data on in-hospital outcomes and its predictors after pericardiocentesis are mostly derived from single center studies. Furthermore, the outcomes after pericardiocentesis for iatrogenic pericardial effusion and the impact of procedural volume on in-hospital outcomes in the United States are largely unknown.METHODS: We used national inpatient database files for the years 2009-2013 to estimate the inpatient outcomes after pericardiocentesis in all-comers and in the subgroups with iatrogenic effusion. We also studied the impact of hospital procedural volume, among other predictors, on inpatient mortality.RESULTS: About 64,070 (95%CI 61 008-67 051) pericardiocentesis were performed in the United States during 2009-2013. Of these, 57.15% (56.02-58.26%) of the pericardiocentesis were in hemodynamically unstable patients. Percutaneous cardiac procedures were performed in 17.7% of patients (percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 4.02%, electrophysiologic procedures 13.58%, and structural heart intervention (SHI) 0.76%). Overall inpatient mortality was 12.30% (95%CI 11.66-12.96%). Inpatient mortality after PCI, electrophysiologic procedures, SHI and cardiac surgery were 27.67% (95%CI 24-31.67%), 7.8% (95%CI 6.67-9.31%), 22.36% (95%CI 15.06-31.85%) and 18.97% (95%CI 15.84-22.57%), respectively. There was an inverse association between hospital procedural volume and inpatient mortality, with a mortality of 14.01% (12.84-15.26%) at the lowest and 10.82% (9.44-12.37%) at highest quartile hospitals by procedure volume (ptrend  = 0.001).CONCLUSION: The inpatient mortality after pericardiocentesis is high, particularly when associated with PCI and SHI." ]

[ "1 White, cottage cheese-like or curd-like discharge is usually indicative of vaginal yeast or fungal infection. 2 Intense itching around the vulva and vagina with swelling and burning sensation are common associations. 3 Pregnant women and diabetics are more likely to suffer from a fungal vaginal infection." ]

[ "Vaginal discharge: Vaginal discharge is a fluid produced by glands in the vaginal wall and cervix that drains from the opening of the vagina. The amount and appearance of normal vaginal discharge varies throughout the menstrual cycle.", "Implantation bleeding is unlike a regular period. Implantation spotting is a fairly scanty discharge that occurs through the vagina. Also, it is pink or brown in color instead of a red color blood flow during woman`s regular period cycle. Such discharge does not intensify and ends after a few hours or 2-3 days. Menstruation usually lasts 3-7 days, the blood flow is heavy." ]

[ "Since Jupiter is a gas planet, it does not rotate as a solid sphere. Jupiter's equator rotates a bit faster than its polar regions at a speed of 28,273 miles/hour (about 43,000 kilometers an hour).Jupiter's day varies from 9 hours and 56 minutes around the poles to 9 hours and 50 minutes close to the equator. Answered." ]

[ "Jupiter revolves or orbits around the Sun once every 11.86 Earth years, or once every 4,330.6 Earth days. Jupiter travels at an average speed of 29,236 miles per hour or 47,051 kilometers per hour in its orbit around the Sun. 1 Javascript must be enabled to use Cool Cosmos.", "The Universe Today readers are always asking great questions. ”How long is a day on Jupiter?”, is one of them. A day on Jupiter, also known as the sidereal rotation period, lasts 9.92496 hours. Jupiter is the fastest rotating body in our Solar System. Determining the length of a day on Jupiter was very difficult, […]" ]

[ "Men are standing by the fish." ]

[ "The last train is leaving the station." ]

[ "β-Endorphin release in response to recurrent hypoglycemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. We hypothesized that exercise-induced β-endorphin release will also result in the deterioration of subsequent hypoglycemia counterregulation and that the counterregulatory response will negatively correlate with the degree of antecedent β-endorphin elevation. Sixteen healthy subjects (six females, aged 26 ± 4.3 yr, body mass index 26.1 ± 5.6 kg/m(2)) were studied with three experimental paradigms on 2 consecutive days. Day 1 consisted of one of the following: 1) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps (3.3 mmol/liter); 2) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps while subjects exercised at 60% maximal oxygen uptake; or 3) two 90-min hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps (control). Day 2 followed with hyperinsulinemic (396 ± 7 pmol/liter) stepped hypoglycemic clamps (5.0, 4.4, 3.9, and 3.3 mmol/liter plasma glucose steps). Day 2 hypoglycemia counterregulatory hormonal response and glucose turnover ([3-(3)H]-glucose) as indicators of recovery from hypoglycemia. There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma β-endorphin levels during exercise and catecholamine release during subsequent hypoglycemia. Subjects with an exercise-induced rise in β-endorphin levels to above 25 pg/ml (n = 7) exhibited markedly reduced levels of plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine compared with control (2495 ± 306 vs. 4810 ± 617 pmol/liter and 1.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4 nmol/liter, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). The rate of endogenous glucose production recovery in this group was also much lower than in controls (42 vs. 89%, P < 0.01)" ]

[ "Regular exercise is advocated for individuals with type 2 diabetes, without fully understanding the acute (0-72h post-exercise) glycaemic response. This study assessed post-exercise glycaemic profiles of non-exercising individuals with insulin treated type 2 diabetes, following resistance and aerobic exercise. Randomised cross-over trial. Fourteen individuals with insulin treated type 2 diabetes (9 males, 5 females) aged 58.1±7.1 years (HbA1c: 8.0±0.6%) were allocated to single sessions of resistance (six whole-body exercises, three sets, 8-10 repetitions, 70% 1RM) and aerobic (30min cycling, 60% VO2peak) exercise, 7-days apart, with the day prior to the first exercise day of each intervention being the control condition. Immediately prior to exercise, insulin dosage was halved and breakfast consumed. Continuous glucose monitoring was undertaken to determine area under the curve and glucose excursions. Blood glucose initially increased (0-2h) following both resistance and aerobic exercise (p<0.001), peaking at 12.3±3.4mmolL(-1) and 12.3±3.3mmolL(-1), respectively. Area under the glucose curve was not statistically different over any of the 24h periods (p=0.12), or different in response to resistance (222±41mmolL(-1)24h(-1)) or aerobic (211±40 mmolL(-1)24h(-1)) exercise (p=0.56). Incidence of hyperglycaemia did not differ between exercise modes (p=0.68). Hypoglycaemic events were identified in three and four participants following resistance and aerobic exercise respectively: these did not require treatment", "The hypothalamus has emerged as a novel neurogenic niche in the adult brain during the past decade. However, little is known about its regulation and the role hypothalamic neurogenesis might play in body weight and appetite control. High-fat diet (HFD) has been demonstrated to induce an inflammatory response and to alter neurogenesis in the hypothalamus and functional outcome measures, e.g. body weight. Such modulation poses similarities to what is known from adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which is highly responsive to lifestyle factors, such as nutrition or physical exercise. With the rising question of a principle of neurogenic stimulation by lifestyle in the adult brain as a physiological regulatory mechanism of central and peripheral functions, exercise is interventionally applied in obesity and metabolic syndrome conditions, promoting weight loss and improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. To investigate the potential pro-neurogenic cellular processes underlying such beneficial peripheral outcomes, we exposed adult female mice to HFD together with physical exercise and evaluated neurogenesis and inflammatory markers in the arcuate nucleus (ArcN) of the hypothalamus. We found that HFD increased neurogenesis, whereas physical exercise stimulated cell proliferation. HFD also increased the amount of microglia, which was counteracted by physical exercise. Physiologically, exercise increased food and fat intake but reduced HFD-induced body weight gain. These findings support the hypothesis that hypothalamic neurogenesis may represent a counter-regulatory mechanism in response to environmental or physiological insults to maintain energy balance." ]

[ "Several biochemical and molecular methods were used for discrimination of four Lactobacillus reuteri strains isolated from goatling and lamb stomach mucosa. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR method and protein analysis by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF showed to be suitable for strain discrimination whereas ITS-PCR/RFLP and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR were not strain specific. The used methods differentiated tested strains into distinct groups; however, the location of strains in groups varied. Consistency in results was observed in the case of L. reuteri E and L. reuteri KO4m that were clustered into the same groups using all techniques, except of MALDI-TOF MS. The last one grouped goatling strains and lamb isolate into separate clusters. All investigated methods, except of ITS-PCR/RFLP and ERIC-PCR, were assessed as appropriate for distinguishing of L. reuteri strains." ]

[ "Reducing the amount of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach by selective bacterial-bacterial cell interaction was sought as an effective and novel method for combating the stomach pathogen. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17648 was identified as a highly specific binding antagonist to H. pylori among more than 700 wild-type strains of Lactobacillus species. Applying a stringent screening procedure, the strain DSM17648 was identified as selective binder to H. pylori cells under in vivo gastric conditions. The strain DSM17648 co-aggregates the pathogen in vivo and in vitro. The specific co-aggregation occurs between Lact. reuteri DSM17648 and different H. pylori strains and serotypes, as well as H. heilmannii, but not with Campylobacter jejuni or other commensal oral and intestinal bacteria. Lact. reuteri DSM17648 was shown in a proof-of-concept single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to significantly reduce the load of H. pylori in healthy yet infected adults. Reducing the amount of H. pylori in the stomach by selective bacterial-bacterial cell interaction might be an effective and novel method for combating the stomach pathogen. Lact. reuteri DSM17648 might prove useful as an adhesion blocker in antibiotic-free H. pylori therapies.", "A novel bacterial strain, designated Re6(T), was isolated from forest soil collected in Campbell University, North Carolina. The cells are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, and rod shaped. Growth occurred at 4-42C (optimum, 25C), pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 6), and in 0-3% NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Re6(T) belonged to the genus Leucobacter and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Leucobacter iarius JCM 14736(T) (98.3%), Leucobacter luti JCM 14920(T) (97.9%), Leucobacter komagatae JCM 9414(T) (97.8%), and Leucobacter denitrificans KACC 14055(T) (97.7%). Strain Re6(T) contained anteiso-C15:0 (45.2%), iso-C16:0 (17.1%), and anteiso-C17:0 (32.6%) as the major cellular fatty acids; MK-11 as the major respiratory quinone; L-diaminobutyric acid as the diagnostic diamine acid in cell wall peptidoglycan; and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain Re6(T) was 66.6mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization results showed similarity values less than 50% for DNA samples from the most closely related type strains of L. iarius, L. luti, and L. komagatae. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic analysis, strain Re6(T) is considered to be a representative novel species in the genus Leucobacter, for which the name Leucobacter humi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Re6(T) (KEMC 7301-006(T)=JCM 18638(T))." ]

[ "Bundoora is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 16 km north from Melbourne's Central Business District.Its local government areas are the Cities of Banyule, Darebin and Whittlesea. At the 2011 Census, Bundoora had a population of 25,709. RMIT University 's Bundoora West Campus is located at the terminus of the tramline. 2 Further down the road is the East Campus area, home of RMIT's Wind Tunnel. 3 It is also home of the RMIT University Sports Statistics Research Group." ]

[ "Narooma is a town in the Australian state of New South Wales on the far south coast. The town is on the Princes Highway. The name is said to be derived from the Aboriginal word meaning ‘clear blue waters’.", "Woonona /wʊˈnuːnə/ is a northern suburb of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, on the northern area of the Illawarra coastal plain. It is served by Woonona Station on the South Coast (Illawarra) Line, and by the Princes Highway. The suburb has a strip of commerce along the highway and several historic buildings. It is mostly light-density residential, though some new two-storey buildings have been made." ]

[ "To investigate the effect of tumor specific antigen of HCA520 on the proliferation of HEK293 cells and to obtain some functional implications for HCA520. MTT assay was performed with HEK293 stable cell lines transfected with pcDNA3-HCA520-flag construct. Cytokines probably involved in HCA520 enhanced proliferation were screened by RT-PCR, and effect of these cytokines on the HEK293 cell proliferation was further confirmed by MTT assay. HCA520 significantly promoted the proliferation of HEK293 cells, which was at least partially attributed to the up-regulation of IL-6 in HEK293 cells by HCA520" ]

[ "IL-6 plays a role in cancer pathogenesis via its connection to proteins involved in the formation of desmoplastic stroma and to immunosuppression by driving differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells together with TGF-â. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling in the tumor microenvironment may, thus, limit desmoplasia and myeloid suppressor cell differentiation. CD40 signaling can further revert myeloid cell differentiation toward antitumor active phenotypes. Hence, the simultaneous use of IL-6 blockade with CD40 stimuli may tilt the tumor microenvironment to promote antitumor immune responses. In this paper, we evaluated the mechanisms of LOAd713, an oncolytic adenovirus designed to block IL-6R signaling and to provide myeloid cell activation via a trimerized membrane-bound isoleucine zipper (TMZ) CD40L. LOAd713-infected pancreatic cancer cells were killed by oncolysis, whereas infection of stellate cells reduced factors involved in stroma formation, including TGF-â-1 and collagen type I. Virus infection prevented IL-6/GM-CSF-mediated differentiation of myeloid suppressors, but not CD163 macrophages, whereas infection of dendritic cells led to upregulation of maturation markers, including CD83, CD86, IL-12p70, and IFN-ã. Further, IL-6R blockade prevented upregulation of programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-1 on the stimulated dendritic cells. These results suggest that LOAd713 can kill infected tumor cells and has the capacity to affect the tumor microenvironment by stimulating stellate cells and myeloid suppressors with TMZ-CD40L and IL-6R blockade. Gene transfer of murine TMZ-CD40L prolonged survival in an animal model. LOAd713 may be an interesting therapeutic option for cancers connected to IL-6 signaling, such as pancreatic cancer.", "Interleukin‑17A (IL‑17A) is a CD4 T-cell-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in human cervical tumorigenesis. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-glycosidase expressed in mammals, which has been confirmed to be associated with cervical cancer invasion. In the present study, it was hypothesized that IL‑17A and HPSE are key proteins promoting tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer. The expression of IL‑17A and HPSE in cervical cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the expression of IL‑17A and HPSE was down- and upregulated via RNAi and human recombinant proteins, and MTT and Transwell assays were performed to examine cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed to detect cell cycle distribution, and the levels of target mRNA and protein were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. IL‑17A and HPSE were highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues, and microvessel density was notably higher in the IL‑17A-positive group. IL‑17A and/or HPSE recombinant protein promoted the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells, increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, and enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of human papillomavirus E6, P53, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31, whereas downregulation of IL‑17A and/or HPSE exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, downregulation of IL‑17A and/or HPSE was found to inhibit the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-êB P65. In summary, IL‑17A and HPSE may promote tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer, possibly via the NF-êB signaling pathway. These findings may lead to the identification of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets." ]

[ "What is roofing underlayment? Roofing underlayment is a water-resistant or waterproof barrier material that is installed directly onto your roof deck. It is applied under all other roofing materials as an added layer of protection from severe weather. There are three main types of roofing underlayment: Asphalt-saturated felt. Non-bitumen synthetic underlayment. Synthetic underlayment (technically non-bitumen synthetic underlayment) is the preferred underlayment of most roofing professionals today. Synthetic underlayment basemat is saturated in asphalt. The addition of fiberglass gives synthetic products superior tear resistance and stability." ]

[ "What is 'Underwriting'. Underwriting is the process by which investment bankers raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are issuing either equity or debt securities.", "Loading the player... Underwriting is the process by which investment bankers raise investment capital from investors on behalf of corporations and governments that are issuing either equity or debt securities." ]

[ "Primary penile cancer is a rare malignant disease. In most cases, it presents as a clinically obvious lesion leading to early diagnosis in most patients. However, even in developed Countries, it carries a significant social stigma leading to diagnosis at locally advanced stages in a non-negligible proportion of patients. Yet, bulky penile lesions are becoming extremely rare in current clinical practice. We present a case of a patient with a giant primary penile cancer managed with radical penectomy, bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy and perineal urethrostomy, who experienced disease recurrence six months after surgery and died with metastatic disease after denial of further treatment. The management of our case was challenging due to the extremely late diagnosis, the huge dimensions and the infiltrative nature of the tumor; however, from a histopathological perspective, the cancer itself did not display any microscopic peculiarity. Our case highlights that such bulky penile tumors can still occur in current urologic practice and require complex salvage surgical interventions in the context of a multidisciplinary setting." ]

[ "AIM: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (pSCC) and glioblastoma (GB) are rare malignant tumors that develop especially in the elderly. The aim of our paper is to present two patients diagnosed and treated for a cerebral GB developed after a prior pSCC and to discuss the possible mechanism of their association.PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: The medical records of 632 patients admitted for a GB in the Department of Neurosurgery, \"Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu\" Emergency Clinical Hospital, Ia?i, Romania, between April 2010 and April 2018, were retrospectively searched for those having a prior histological proven cancer. The review found only two patients (0.31% of all cases with GB) and their demographics, clinical presentation, medical history, treatment and pathological diagnosis were reviewed and discussed.RESULTS: Both patients were 65-year-old on their admission in the Department of Neurosurgery. Their prior penile tumors were both located at the penis glans. In both cases, the histopathological exam revealed a penile keratinized squamous cell carcinoma stage T1aN0M0 at the moment of their first urological diagnosis. At the time of the neurosurgical evaluation, brain radiological investigations demonstrated right frontal cystic neoformation in the first case, and a right frontal-parietal solid, expansive lesion for the second patient. The patients underwent subtotal surgical excision of their brain masses. The histopathological exam revealed in both cases a World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV GB.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first clinical report of a new association between pSCC and subsequent development of GB in a series of two patients. Both our patients developed a prior pSCC without any lymph node and distant metastasis at their first diagnosis and this situation reinforces the idea that this type of cancer has a good prognosis and that the patient can develop a second cancer during his post-penectomy life, probably due to a genetic predisposition, post-therapeutic effects, life style factors (smoke effects), sporadic association, or due to the common embryological origin of the nervous and skin tissues.", "Objective: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma (VC).METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 18 penile VC patients at the mean age of 52 (35?66) years. The tumors were cauliflower-like, measuring 2.5?8.7 cm in diameter, all with mucopurulentive discharge. A giant tumor invaded the perineum in 1 case, which had a history of surgical excision of penile condyloma acuminatum. The lesions invaded the glans penis in 2 cases, the shafts in 4 (all with a history of phimosis or redundant prepuce), and the whole penis in 11. Partial penectomy was performed for 2 cases with the proximal coronary sulcus involved and another 2 with the condylomata located in the glans penis and measuring <3.5 cm in diameter. Radical surgery was done for 2 cases of glans VC >3.5 cm in diameter, 11 cases with the whole penis involved, and 1 case with the perineum invaded.RESULTS: Postoperative pathology showed well-differentiated tumor cells, negative surgical margins, papillary epithelia with hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration in the surrounding interstitial tissue in all the cases. Neither recurrence nor metastasis was found during the 1 to 8 years of follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Penile VC is a special type of squamous cell carcinoma with little invasiveness and rare regional lymph node or distant metastasis, for the treatment of which partial penectomy or radical surgery confers good prognosis." ]

[ "There is a woman wearing sunglasses." ]

[ "The woman is working inside of a restaraunt." ]

[ "Studies examining the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have delineated diverse psychological, cognitive, and social difficulties in adult survivors that often manifest somatically. A random sample of 1835 mid-pregnant Jewish women was recruited in Israel over an 18-month period in 2005-2007. Participants were divided into three sub-groups consisting of the different combinations between pregnancy at risk (yes/no), childhood sexual abuse (yes/no), other than childhood sexual abuse trauma (yes no), and no trauma (yes/no). They completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of five scales: a demographic variables scale, the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Traumatic Events Questionnaire, and Childhood Sexual Experiences Scale. Pregnant survivors of childhood sexual abuse suffered higher distress levels which heightened poor health, hence increasing the probability of high risk pregnancy compared to women who had had other than sexual abuse trauma or reported no trauma. Post traumatic stress symptoms and avoidance (a sub-category) were found to explain chronic illnesses, whereas depression was found to explain gynecological problems in pregnant sexually-abused survivors" ]

[ "To examine the association between lacking a primary care provider and child abuse. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 1462 children aged</=19 years presenting for suspected physical/sexual abuse to a child advocacy center (CAC) at an academic medical center. Children were stratified by age. The key independent variable was having a primary care provider. The dependent variable was abuse: confirmed, suspected, or ruled out. Multivariate models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and referral source. Children aged</=2 years without a primary care provider were more than 4 times as likely to have confirmed/suspected abuse of either type, compared with children with a provider, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (adjusted odds ratio: 4.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-14.13). This relationship was also significant when looking only at children evaluated for physical abuse, but not for children evaluated for sexual abuse. Although there continued to be an association between lacking a provider and abuse, especially physical abuse, for children</=2.5 years of age there was no association after this age. For sexual abuse, there was no association between lacking a primary care provider and sexual abuse for children of any age", "BACKGROUND: A history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been linked to a variety of physical and psychiatric illnesses, including ischemic heart disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of past CSA and re-traumatization among hospital psychiatric consultations and to determine whether a CSA group in a hospital setting shared characteristics with community samples described in the literature.METHODS: We divided 228 consecutive psychiatric consultations into two groups. One group comprised patients with a past history of CSA while the other group had no such history. Both groups were further divided into a subgroup that presented with features of re-traumatization.RESULTS: In the cohort, 38% described a history of CSA. Twenty patients were identified as presenting with features of re-traumatization. There were significant differences between the two groups. The patients with a history of CSA were more likely to have arrived at the emergency department (ED) during the preceding 12 months with a diagnosis of PTSD, personality disorder, and substance use disorder. There was a greater proportion of patients in the CSA group who had grown up in an ultra-Orthodox Jewish household and who currently identified as being secular.CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the patients with past CSA in this study are similar to community-based samples, except for a significant gender difference. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate CSA history during hospital ED psychiatric consultations. A history of CSA should be considered during psychiatric consultations in a general hospital ED admission." ]

[ "DEFINITION of 'Abatement'. A reduction in the level of taxation faced by an individual or company. Examples of an abatement include a tax decrease, a reduction in penalties or a rebate.If an individual or business overpays its taxes or receives a tax bill that is too high, it can request an abatement from the tax authorities. reduction in the level of taxation faced by an individual or company. Examples of an abatement include a tax decrease, a reduction in penalties or a rebate." ]

[ "An asbestos abatement contractor performs abatement, including containment, encapsulation, or removal, and disposal of asbestos containing construction materials, as defined in Section 6501.8 of the Labor Code, in and on buildings and structures.", "Battement: (French) In ballet, the beating of either a stretched or flexed leg. 1 A battement tendu is an extension of the working leg away from the supporting leg, stretching from first or fifth position along the floor until reaching pointe tendu (when the toes are fully pointed) on the floor." ]

[ "The computers systems design industry employs the largest number of web developers with 64,670 jobs at an average annual pay of $85,430, according to the BLS." ]

[ "How much does a Java Developer make? The median annual Java Developer salary is $87,037, as of March 31, 2017, with a range usually between $73,672-$98,131, however this can vary widely depending on a variety of factors.", "The survey of design salaries for 2011 makes a distinction between web developer and web designer salaries. The average web developer pay in the design industry for 2011 was $60,000, with the average web designer pay at $52,000.ith employment at 19,250 jobs, Florida comes next, but the average annual salary is lower at $67,300. The state of New York rounds out the top five in number of web developer jobs at 18,840, earning an average annual pay of $89,650." ]

[ "The clinical course of World Health Organisation grade II gliomas remains variable and their time point of transformation into a more malignant phenotype is unpredictable. Identification of biological markers that can predict prognosis in individual patients is of great clinical value. PROX1 is a transcription factor that has a critical role in the development of various organs. PROX1 has been ascribed both oncogenic and tumour suppressive functions in human cancers. We have recently shown that PROX1 may act as a diagnostic marker for high-grade gliomas. The aim of this study was to address the prognostic value of PROX1 in grade II gliomas. A total of 116 samples were evaluated for the presence of PROX1 protein. The number of immunopositive cells was used as a variable in survival analysis, together with established prognostic factors for this patient group. Higher PROX1 protein was associated with poor outcome. In the multivariate analysis, PROX1 was identified as an independent factor for survival (P=0.024), together with the presence of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 R132H protein, and with combined losses of chromosomal arms 1p/19q in oligodendrocytic tumours" ]

[ "Glioblastomas are the most common central nervous system neoplasia in adults, with 9,000 cases in the US annually. Glioblastoma multiformae, the most aggressive glioma subtype, has an 18% one-year survival rate, and 3% two year survival rate. Recent work has highlighted the role of the transcription factor RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor, REST in glioblastoma but how REST function correlates with disease outcome has not been described. Using a bioinformatic approach and mining of publicly available microarray datasets, we describe an aggressive subtype of gliomas defined by a gene signature derived from REST. Using this REST gene signature we predict that REST function is enhanced in advanced glioblastoma. We compare disease outcomes between tumors based on REST status and treatment regimen, and describe downstream targets of REST that may contribute to the decreased benefits observed with high dose chemotherapy in REM tumors. We present human data showing that patients with \"REST Enhanced Malignancies\" (REM) tumors present with a shorter disease free survival compared to non-REM gliomas. Importantly, REM tumors are refractory to multiple rounds of chemotherapy and patients fail to respond to this line of treatment", "PURPOSE: The number of studies that evaluate treatment margins for high grade gliomas (HGG) are limited. We hypothesize that patients with HGG who are treated with a gross tumor volume (GTV) to planning tumor volume (PTV) expansion of ?1 cm will have progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates similar to those treated in accordance with standard protocols by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group or European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Furthermore, the PFS and OS of subgroups within the study population will have equivalent survival outcomes with GTV1-to-PTV1 margins of 1.0 cm and 0.4 cm.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Treatment plans and outcomes for patients with pathologically confirmed HGG were analyzed (n = 267). Survival (PFS and OS) was calculated from the time of the first radiation treatment and a ÷2 test or Fisher exact test was used to calculate the associations between margin size and patient characteristics. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier and compared using the log-rank test. All analyses were performed on the univariate level.RESULTS: The median PFS and OS times were 10.6 and 19.1 months, respectively. By disease, the median PFS and OS times were 8.6 and 16.1 months for glioblastoma and 26.7 and 52.5 months for anaplastic glioma. The median follow-up time was 18.3 months. The treatment margin had no effect on outcome and the 1.0 cm GTV1-PTV1 margin subgroup (n = 212) showed median PFS and OS times of 10.7 and 19.1 months, respectively, and the 0.4 cm margin subgroup (n = 55) 10.2 and 19.3 months, respectively. In comparison with the standard treatment with 2 cm to 3 cm margins, there was not a significant difference in outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: There is no apparent difference in survival when utilizing smaller versus larger margins as defined by the guidelines of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Although there remains no class I evidence that outcomes after treatment with smaller margins are identical to those after treatment with larger margins, this large series with long-term follow up suggests that a reduction of the margins is safe and further investigation is warranted." ]

[ "Azeotropes do not exist for all non-ideal solvent solutions. All solvent solutions are more or less non-ideal, but not all solvent combinations form azeotropes. \n\nE.g. ethanol and isopropanol form azeotropes with water, but methanol does not.\n\nAzeotropes exist if there is large enough deviation from the Raoult law. It means if the azeotrope point of the diagram is pushed enough away from the endpoint connections. \n\nFor near ideal solutions, like n-pentane + n-hexane. there is no bottleneck and onle one convex/concave chart segment. \n\nBack to the meeting of boiling and condensation curves, they meet at the pure solvent points and eventually at the azeotrope point, if it exists.\n\n\n\nExistance of such minimums ( or maximums ) ob the vapour diagram means there is an azeotrope. An azeotrope behaves like if it were the 3rd substance, with the same composition of liquid and vapour above it, so the curves meet there. \n\nMinimums meet if and only if liquid and vapour compositions are the same. That happens if and only if either the liquid is pure solvent either it has the composition of the azeotrope ( if it exists ). \n\nYou can create simulations yourself by defining nonideal vapour pressure equations as $p_i(T)&lt;&gt;p_{i,0}(T) \\cdot x_i$. It cannot be exactly calculated, as neither the mixture of pure solvent and azeotropic mixture has the ideas behaviour." ]

[ "There are two show stoppers :\n\n\n$\\ce{HCl}$ is strong acid, $\\ce{CH3COOH}$ is weak acid. The reaction is practically completely shifted toward acetic acid and sodium chloride. Especially if acetic acid is diluted.\n$\\ce{HCl}$ forms azeotrope with water with the maximal boiling point near 20% $\\ce{HCl}$. If you heat the mixture, that would boil water and acetic acid with minimal traces of $\\ce{HCl} $ that would dissolve back in the condensate.", "Sorry @ JavaScriptCoder, but I've to agree with aventurin. I'd say idoform test should have been done in a certified laboratory because of safety concern. However, I think fractional distillation might be helpful for this identification (or simply verification). OP can do this at home since he/she has done simple distillation at home. Ethanol/water binary system give an azeotrope, which boils at $\\pu{78.1 ^\\circ C}$ and gives $95\\%$ ethanol. Methanol, on the other hand, make no azeotrope with water, and boils at $\\pu{64.7 ^\\circ C}$. The temperature range of $\\pu{13.4 ^\\circ C}$ need only about ≤20 theoretical plates to separate. If you get first distillate below, say, $\\pu{67 ^\\circ C}$, then you got methanol or something other than ethanol. So, don't drink it.\n\nFor more information, read the Wikipedia page having Azeotrope tables." ]

[ "VENUS is the closest planet to Earth. However, its proximity to our planet depends on the orbits of both. The two planets travel in ellipses around the sun, and so the distance between them is constantly changing. At its farthest, Venus lies 261 million kilometers away. This is when the Sun is between Venus and Earth." ]

[ "The sun is the closest star to the earth which probably explains why it's one of the biggest star that we are able to see with our naked eyes. The sun is only a mere 150 million km from earth unlike the second closest star to earth which is Proxima Centaura being about 4.2 light years away.", "1 vote Vote for this answer. The Earth is actually farthest away from the Sun during the month of July (when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer) and closest to the Sun during the month of January (when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing winter).http://www.wcer.wisc .... vote Vote for this answer. The Earth is actually farthest away from the Sun during the month of July (when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer) and closest to the Sun during the month of January (when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing winter)." ]

[ "Cultured brain tumors can form neurospheres harboring tumorigenic cells with self renewal and differentiation capacities. Renewable neurosphere formation has clinical predictive value in adult malignant gliomas, yet its prognostic role for pediatric brain tumors is unknown. Established neurosphere conditions were used for culturing samples from glial, embryonal and mixed glioneuronal tumors from 56 pediatric patients. Potential associations between neurosphere formation and clinical outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-seven percent of all samples formed renewable neurospheres. Analysis of available clinical outcome data from 51 patients demonstrated significantly increased hazard ratios (HR) for both disease progression (HR = 9.9, P < 0.001) and death (HR = 16.6, P < 0.01) in the neurosphere forming group. Furthermore, neurosphere formation correlated with adverse progression free survival (PFS) in glial and embryonal tumors, but not in mixed glioneuronal tumors. Overall survival (OS) was significantly worse for neurosphere-forming patients with embryonal tumors, as a group and amongst the subgroup with medulloblastoma, but not in the glial group. Multivariate analysis showed that neurosphere formation was associated with diminished PFS and OS independent of age, gender, or treatment. Neurosphere formation was an independent predictor of diminished PFS of glial tumors after adjusting for grade. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for both Ki67 staining and neurosphere formation, demonstrated that neurosphere formation remained predictive of progression whereas Ki67 did not" ]

[ "Glioblastoma multiforme, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly refractory to therapy, mainly due to its ability to form micrometastases, which are small clusters or individual cells that rapidly transverse the brain and make full surgical resection impossible. Here, it is demonstrated that the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma multiforme is orchestrated by the transcription factor NF-κB which, via metalloproteinases (MMP), regulates fibronectin processing. Both, cell lines and tumor stem cells from primary glioblastoma multiforme, secrete high levels of fibronectin which when cleaved by MMPs forms an extracellular substrate. Subsequently, forming and interacting with their own microenvironment, glioblastoma multiforme cells are licensed to invade their surroundings. Mechanistic study revealed that NF-κB inhibition, either genetically or pharmacologically, by treatment with Disulfiram, significantly abolished the invasive phenotype in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, having delineated the underlying molecular mechanism of glioblastoma multiforme invasion, the potential of a disulfiram-based therapy was revealed in a highly invasive orthotrophic glioblastoma multiforme mouse model", "The most common primary brain tumors in children and adults are of astrocytic origin. Classic histologic grading schemes for astrocytomas have included evaluating the presence or absence of nuclear abnormalities, mitoses, vascular endothelial proliferation, and tumor necrosis. We evaluated the vascular pattern of 17 astrocytoma surgical specimens (seven from children and 10 from adults), and four normal brains obtained at autopsy, utilizing antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) utilizing confocal microscopy. A modified WHO classification was used. All tumor cases showed cells positive for GFAP. Control tissues showed a few, widely separated vessels. Pilocytic astrocytomas (four cases) showed lacy clusters of small-to-medium sized vessels, with intact vessel wall integrity. Diffuse, low grade astrocytoma (three cases) showed a staining pattern similar to control tissue; intermediate grade (one case), anaplastic astrocytoma (three cases) and gliobastoma multiforme (six cases) showed an increased vessel density with multiple small vessels (glomeruloid clusters), some with prominent intimal hyperplasia, loss of vessel wall integrity, and with numerous vWF-positive single cells/microvessels within the tumor substance." ]

[ "And white spots or flakiness can indicate high amounts of sugar or alcohol in your diet. Your nails, as you know, are located on your fingers and your toes. They are part of the integumentary system, which includes your skin and all its accessory structures like nails, hair, sweat, and oil glands." ]

[ "A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all or any part of the finger. A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the palmar (palm and fingers) or plantar (sole and toes) skin, consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin. These ridges are sometimes known as dermal ridges or dermal papillae.", "The palm has five bones known as metacarpal bones, one to each of the 5 digits. Human hands contain fourteen digital bones, also called phalanges, or phalanx bones: two in the thumb (the thumb has no middle phalanx) and three in each of the four fingers." ]

[ "FKBP12 (FK506 binding protein 12 kDa) is an important drug target. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) order parameters, describing amplitudes of motion on the pico- to nanosecond time scale, can provide estimates of changes in conformational entropy upon ligand binding. Here we report backbone and methyl-axis order parameters of the apo and FK506-bound forms of FKBP12, based on 15N and 2H NMR relaxation. Binding of FK506 to FKBP12 results in localized changes in order parameters, notably for the backbone of residues E54 and I56 and the side chains of I56, I90, and I91, all positioned in the binding site. The order parameters increase slightly upon FK506 binding, indicating an unfavorable entropic contribution to binding of T S = -18 2 kJ/mol at 293 K. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate a change in conformational entropy, associated with all dihedral angles, of T S = -26 9 kJ/mol. Both these values are significant compared to the total entropy of binding determined by isothermal titration calorimetry and referenced to a reactant concentration of 1 mM ( T S = -29 1 kJ/mol). Our results reveal subtle differences in the response to ligand binding compared to that of the previously studied rapamycin-FKBP12 complex, despite the high degree of structural homology between the two complexes and their nearly identical ligand-FKBP12 interactions. These results highlight the delicate dependence of protein dynamics on drug interactions, which goes beyond the view provided by static structures, and reinforce the notion that protein conformational entropy can make important contributions to the free energy of ligand binding." ]

[ "Protein quality control in cardiomyocytes is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis. The accumulation of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria and misfolded proteins in the heart is associated with heart failure. During the process to identify novel mitochondria-specific autophagy (mitophagy) receptors, we found FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8), also known as FKBP38, shares similar structural characteristics with a yeast mitophagy receptor, autophagy-related 32 protein. However, knockdown of FKBP8 had no effect on mitophagy in HEK293 cells or H9c2 myocytes. Since the role of FKBP8 in the heart has not been fully elucidated, the aim of this study is to determine the functional role of FKBP8 in the heart. Cardiac-specific FKBP8-deficient (Fkbp8-/-) mice were generated. Fkbp8-/- mice showed no cardiac phenotypes under baseline conditions. The Fkbp8-/- and control wild type littermates (Fkbp8+/+) mice were subjected to pressure overload by means of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Fkbp8-/- mice showed left ventricular dysfunction and chamber dilatation with lung congestion 1week after TAC. The number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was dramatically elevated in TAC-operated Fkbp8-/- hearts, accompanied with an increase in protein levels of cleaved caspase-12 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. Caspase-12 inhibition resulted in the attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death in FKBP8 knockdown H9c2 myocytes. Immunocytological and immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that FKBP8 is localized to the ER and mitochondria in the isolated cardiomyocytes, interacting with heat shock protein 90. Furthermore, there was accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates in FKBP8 knockdown H9c2 myocytes and electron dense deposits in perinuclear region in TAC-operated Fkbp8-/- hearts. The data suggest that FKBP8 plays a protective role against hemodynamic stress in the heart mediated via inhibition of the accumulation of misfolded proteins and ER-associated apoptosis.", "Accurate treatment of solvent environment is critical for reliable simulations of protein conformational equilibria. Implicit treatment of solvation, such as using the generalized Born (GB) class of models arguably provides an optimal balance between computational efficiency and physical accuracy. Yet, GB models are frequently plagued by a tendency to generate overly compact structures. The physical origins of this drawback are relatively well understood, and the key to a balanced implicit solvent protein force field is careful optimization of physical parameters to achieve a sufficient level of cancellation of errors. The latter has been hampered by the difficulty of generating converged conformational ensembles of non-trivial model proteins using the popular replica exchange sampling technique. Here, we leverage improved sampling efficiency of a newly developed multi-scale enhanced sampling technique to re-optimize the generalized-Born with molecular volume (GBMV2) implicit solvent model with the CHARMM36 protein force field. Recursive optimization of key GBMV2 parameters (such as input radii) and protein torsion profiles (via the CMAP torsion cross terms) has led to a more balanced GBMV2 protein force field that recapitulates the structures and stabilities of both helical and -hairpin model peptides. Importantly, this force field appears to be free of the over-compaction bias, and can generate structural ensembles of several intrinsically disordered proteins of various lengths that seem highly consistent with available experimental data. 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc." ]

[ "Other Locations Near to Dunbar. Over the next 7 days the Dunbar forecast suggests the average daytime maximum temperature will be around 20°C, with a high for the week of 27°C expected on the afternoon of Wednesday 24th." ]

[ "Winter Wallace Monument, Stirling December, January and February are generally the coldest months in Scotland, with the average maximum temperature usually around 5°C (41°F). The average number of days with snow falling in Scotland ranges from 15 to 20 days. However, the peaks and mountains of the Highlands experience around 100 days of falling snow.", "Most commonly the wind in Scotland blows in a south-west direction but it changes markedly from day to day accordingly to weather systems. Temperature January and February are generally the coldest months in Scotland, with the daytime maximum temperatures that ranges of an average of around 5° to 7°C. July and August are normally the warmest months in Scotland, with temperatures of an average 19°C. The temperatures in Scotland are generally a few degrees cooler than in England because of the hilly terrain and the Atlantic Ocean." ]

[ "A gavel often symbolizes parliamentary procedure. Parliamentary procedure is the body of rules, ethics, and customs governing meetings and other operations of clubs, organizations, legislative bodies, and other deliberative assemblies.n the United States, parliamentary procedure is also referred to as parliamentary law, parliamentary practice, legislative procedure, or rules of order." ]

[ "In a parliamentary system the prime minister is chosen by the legislature. This helps to ensure that there is some form of cooperation between the legislature and the executive. Often, it is necessary to form coalitions in the legislature in order to gain the votes needed to choose a prime minister.he majority party is elected by the people of the country as representatives to what they want thus giving the people a direct voice in their government. The parliamentary is then led by the party leader of the majority. Sure he can do anything he wants but he does have the vote of confidence to think of.", "What is Parliamentary System. On the basis of the relationship between the legislature and the executive we have two types of governments namely the Parliamentary and the Presidential.he Cabinet or the Council of Ministers enjoys the real powers. The Prime Minister is the real head of government. All the ministers are also all members of the parliament and are responsible to it for their acts and policies." ]

[ "This paper provides a formal evaluation of the predictive performance of a model (and its various updates) developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for predicting daily deaths attributed to COVID19 for each state in the United States. The IHME models have received extensive attention in social and mass media, and have influenced policy makers at the highest levels of the United States government. For effective policy making the accurate assessment of uncertainty, as well as accurate point predictions, are necessary because the risks inherent in a decision must be taken into account, especially in the present setting of a novel disease affecting millions of lives. To assess the accuracy of the IHME models, we examine both forecast accuracy as well as the predictive performance of the 95% prediction intervals provided by the IHME models. We find that the initial IHME model underestimates the uncertainty surrounding the number of daily deaths substantially. Specifically, the true number of next day deaths fell outside the IHME prediction intervals as much as 70% of the time, in comparison to the expected value of 5%. In addition, we note that the performance of the initial model does not improve with shorter forecast horizons. Regarding the updated models, our analyses indicate that the later models do not show any improvement in the accuracy of the point estimate predictions. In fact, there is some evidence that this accuracy has actually decreased over the initial models. Moreover, when considering the updated models, while we observe a larger percentage of states having actual values lying inside the 95% prediction intervals (PI), our analysis suggests that this observation may be attributed to the widening of the PIs. The width of these intervals calls into question the usefulness of the predictions to drive policy making and resource allocation." ]

[ "An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting IgG antibodies to the Pitman Moore strain of rabies virus in sera from subjects immunised with HDCS vaccine. End‐point titres of antibody were determined using a pocket calculator preprogrammed to analyse absorbence values of test sera and negative controls. The assay was highly reproducible, and very close agreement was achieved when the results were compared with those of the mouse neutralization test. Rabies enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay is easy to perform, the results are obtained within 48 hours, and because it employs inactivated virus, the test can be used safely without special containment facilities.", "To determine the effectiveness of immunization strategies used in therapeutic antibody or vaccine development, it is critical to assess the quality of immunization-induced polyclonal antibody responses. Here, we developed a workflow that uses sensitive methods to quantitatively and qualitatively assess immune responses against foreign antigens with regard to antibody binding affinity and epitope diversity. The application of such detailed assessments throughout an immunization campaign can significantly reduce the resources required to generate highly specific antibodies. Our workflow consists of the following two steps: 1) the use of surface plasmon resonance to quantify antigen-specific antibodies and evaluate their apparent binding affinities, and 2) the recovery of serum IgGs using an automated small scale purification system, followed by the determination of their epitope diversity using hydrogen deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry. We showed that these methods were sensitive enough to detect antigen-specific IgGs in the nanogram/μl range and that they provided information for differentiating the antibody responses of the various immunized animals that could not be obtained by conventional methods. We also showed that this workflow can guide the selection of an animal that produces high affinity antibodies with a desired epitope coverage profile, resulting in the generation of potential therapeutic monoclonal antibody clones with desirable functional profiles. We postulate that this workflow will be an important tool in the development of effective vaccines to combat the highly sophisticated evasion mechanisms of pathogens." ]

[ "Rip off two layers of aluminum foil, enough to wrap the skirt steaks. You'll need it as soon as the steaks come off of the grill so have it close by. Leave the skirt steak on the counter at room temperature for at least 20 minutes, up to an hour, or until the fire is ready.Light your grill and get the fire as hot as it will go. For gas grills, turn on the sear burner and close the lid to heat for 15 minutes on high.For charcoal grills, open all of the vents, get the grate as close to the coals as possible and let it get as hot as you can get it. Once the grill is really hot, place the skirt steaks over the hottest part of the fire.or gas grills, turn on the sear burner and close the lid to heat for 15 minutes on high. For charcoal grills, open all of the vents, get the grate as close to the coals as possible and let it get as hot as you can get it. Once the grill is really hot, place the skirt steaks over the hottest part of the fire." ]

[ "Thanks for this Kevin, I am brining as I type. However 10 minutes x 2 is 20 minutes on a 400 degree grill and that seems a little long for steaks less than an inch thick. I see nobody complaining so I will assume this wont overcook the steaks, but even with pork I do not feel the need to cook it to well done.", "While the grill is preheating, trim the thighs of any trim-able fat and extra skin and allow to rest at room temperature until grill is ready. No longer than 30 minutes but this will help get to the correct internal temperature later." ]

[ "Software & Apps. Google's Android operating system is an open-source platform that's currently available on a wide variety of smartphones. Android has its advantages -- it's highly customizable, for one -- but it's also somewhat geeky software that can seem intimidating to smartphone newbies." ]

[ "Android is open source, meaning that manufacturers don't have to pay Google to use it, and that they're free to modify it. This means that it's used in a wide range of hardware varying in price from small budget phones to large-screen high-end handsets.t the time of writing, mobile phones run a variant of version 2 of Android, while most new tablets run a variant of version 3. The difference between the 2.x and 3.x versions of Android is mainly in how they use the screen space provided.", "Google Apps is Google's Business Services that provides independent customized versions of Google products and services under a domain name (i.e. http://www.example.com)." ]

[ "What Does an Occupational Therapist Assistant Do? An occupational therapist, or OT, works with patients to improve the patients' skill levels and development in their occupational surroundings. Occupational therapists often supervise assistants, who take on certain cases or work with patients some days of the week." ]

[ "The goal of the occupational therapist is to help their patients to function, perform daily activities and to promote their general well-being. Occupational therapy, often abbreviated as OT, can deal with a patient's emotional, physical, psychological, oral, motor, or perceptual skills.he function of an occupational therapist is to assess what individuals need care or help, and to determine how to help them. The therapist then provides an intervention to assist the patient in relearning the skills or sets to help them live a fulfilled or satisfied life.", "Individuals pursuing a career as an occupational therapist usually need to earn a post-baccalaureate degree from an accredited college or university or education deemed equivalent. Education and training. A master's degree or higher in occupational therapy is the minimum requirement for entry into the field." ]

[ "The leprosy sequelae especially the handicap of eyes and hands makes difficult to maintain the oral health status. So, leprosy sequelae patients are controlling themselves by creative and original methods. However even such efforts have hardly reached the level to stop of caries and periodontal disease. More support is required in order for them to maintain the oral health status. Therefore, in National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien, we started the periodic preventive system containing oral check-up, mouth cleaning, and early detection early treatment 15 years before. It is the report about this activity. First, the leprosy sequelae handicap which makes oral control difficult is described. Secondly, our periodic preventive system in National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien is explained. In order to evaluate this activity, the number of patients and the contents of dental treatment were compared. Furthermore, the number of remaining teeth was compared with the adult Japanese. Our periodic preventive system was received and they have many remaining teeth now. It is sure that this activity for 15 years was successful." ]

[ "The inflammatory cytokines involved in the immune response to chronic periodontal disease (CPD) in the context of leprosy reactions (LR) were analyzed in 57 new cases of multibacillary leprosy (MBL). They were stratified by the presence of CPD and LR. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory mediators was determined by qRT-PCR using skin biopsy and by ELISA using serum samples, maintaining 5% of significance level in ANOVA and correlation analyses. Twenty-three (40.4%) patients presented the first LR, whereas 22 (45.0%) patients presented CPD. IL-4 and IL-6 serum levels were significantly lower in patients with CPD and LR than in patients without CPD but with LR; IFN- serum levels were higher in patients with CPD and LR than in patients with no CPD and no LR; IL-4 serum levels were negatively correlated with TNF- gene expression, while IL-6 serum levels were positively correlated with IFN- gene expression, in the skin of subjects with CPD and LR. The presence of DPC in individuals with LR immunoregulated IL-6, IFN-, and IL-4 concentrations. The presence of DPC decreased serum levels of IL-6 and IL-4 in reactional individuals. CPD concomitant to LR resulted in increased IFN- serum levels.", "Background: The subjective sensation of dry mouth, xerostomia, is a well-recognized problem in adults, however, relatively little attention has been paid to this issue in children. Xerostomia commonly occurs as an adverse effect of drugs in asthma and leukemia, which alter the composition and flow of saliva and systemic diseases, including diabetes. It decreases the oral pH and significantly increases the development of plaque and dental caries.Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the dental caries status and salivary properties of children aged 5-14 years undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and asthma - in vivo.Materials and Methods: The study was divided into two parts: Part I: Oral examination was performed and dental caries status Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/ decayed, extraction, filled teeth (DMFT/deft) was noted and Part II: Salivary analysis was performed by GC Saliva-Check BUFFER kit to check for hydration, viscosity, pH of saliva, salivary flow, and buffering capacity.Statistical Analysis: All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 21 statistical software version. Inferential statistics were performed using Chi-square test and ANOVA. Post hoc pairwise comparison was done using Post hoc Tukey's test.Results: The prevalence of mean DMFT/deft with regard to salivary properties was highest in leukemic patients followed in descending order by diabetic and asthmatic patients.Conclusions: Leukemic patients had significantly higher caries and decreased salivary properties while asthmatic patients showed the least caries prevalence and best salivary properties." ]

[ "and complex (data variety, functionality, technology, billing). Therefore, it needs to be managed professionally. Professional market data management deals with issues such as: Financial data vendors typically also offer mobile applications that provide market data in real time to financial institutions and consumers. Market data In finance, market data is price and trade-related data for a financial instrument reported by a trading venue such as a stock exchange. Market data allows traders and investors to know the latest price and see historical trends for instruments such as equities, fixed-income products, derivatives, and currencies. The market data for a particular instrument" ]

[ "disrupt institutional trading. An analysis of impact of ECNs on NASDAQ found “tighter spreads, greater depths, and less concentrated markets”. ECNs provide historical orders and price data to subscribers. As a result, ECNs compete through their ability to attract \"\"more informed orders\"\" during \"\"periods of high volume and return volatility\"\". Today “ECN’s capture 40% of the volume in NASDAQ securities,” and are considerably changing the securities trading market (Hendershott). ECNs have influenced the stock market by eliminating dealer functions in order-matching. With the automation of orders on mass scale, the role of intermediary traders has been reconfigured. While the ECNs", "Contact manager A contact manager is a software program that enables users to easily store and find contact information, such as names, addresses and telephone numbers. They are contact-centric databases that provide a fully integrated approach to tracking of all information and communication activities linked to contacts. Simple ones for personal use are included in most smartphones. The main reference standard for contact data and metadata, semantic and interchange, is the vCard. Sophisticated contact managers provide calendar sharing features and allow colleagues to access the same database. The main reference standard is the vCalendar. In management terminology, advanced contact managers" ]

[ "There is a marked decrease of the right ventricular ejection fraction after the administration of a bolus of endotoxin to sheep. This hemodynamic response may be the result of thromboxane-mediated pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular function was studied in an ovine model after the administration of endotoxin (1 microgram/kg Escherichia coli) with and without pretreatment with OKY-046, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. OKY-046 attenuated the endotoxin-induced increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and prevented the early decreases in right ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output. However, thromboxane synthetase inhibition failed to prevent endotoxin-induced hypoxemia. The marked increase in plasma thromboxane concentrations, which is usually seen after the administration of endotoxin, was prevented by pretreating the animals with OKY-046. On the other hand, increased plasma prostacyclin concentrations were observed in sheep treated with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor" ]

[ "To evaluate the effects of a combination of methylene blue, an inhibitor of the nitric oxide pathway, and inhaled nitric oxide on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in awake sheep. Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. University animal laboratory. Twenty-four yearling, awake sheep. The sheep were anesthetized and instrumented with vascular catheters. After 1 wk of recovery, the animals underwent tracheotomy and were subjected to intravenous infusions of endotoxin 10 ng x kg-1 x min-1 and isotonic saline 3 mL x kg-1 x hr-1 for 8 hrs. The sheep were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each: a) the control group received endotoxin and saline; b) the INO group received endotoxin, saline, and inhaled nitric oxide 40 ppm for 5 hrs; and c) the MB/INO group received endotoxin, saline, and methylene blue 3 mg/kg as an intravenous bolus injection followed by a continuous infusion of 3 mg x kg-1 x min-1 for 6 hrs in combination with inhaled nitric oxide 40 ppm for 5 hrs", "PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin I (CTnI), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in rabbits with massive pulmonary embolism (AMPE) and the impact of nitric oxide inhalation (NOI) on these indices.METHODS: A total of 30 Japanese rabbits were used to construct an MPE model and were divided into 3 groups equally (n=10), including an EXP group (undergoing modeling alone), an NOI group (receiving NOI 2 h post-modeling) and a CON group (receiving intravenous physiological saline).RESULTS: In the model group, plasma concentration of CTnI peaked at 16 h following modeling (0.46±0.10 µg/ml) and significantly decreased following NOI. Plasma levels of TXB2, PGI2 and ET-1 peaked at 12, 16 and 8 h following modeling, respectively, and significantly decreased at different time points (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h) following NOI. A significant correlation was observed between the peak plasma CTnI concentration and peak TXB2, 6-keto prostaglandin F1á and ET-1 concentrations in the model and NOI groups.CONCLUSION: Increases in plasma TXA2, PGI2 and ET-1 levels causes myocardial damage in a rabbit model of AMPE; however, NOI effectively down regulates the plasma concentration of these molecules to produce a myocardial-protective effect." ]

[ "There is limited evidence from epidemiological studies for the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids in blood cell membranes. Therefore, this study examined associations between baseline (n = 282) and 1-year (n = 143) changes in the levels of fatty acids in blood cell membranes with circulating inflammatory markers in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. The data for this cross-sectional analysis was obtained from a case-control study within the PREDIMED study. Linear regression with elastic net penalty was applied to test associations between measured fatty acids and inflammatory markers. Several fatty acids were associated with interferon- (IFN) and interleukins (ILs) IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 at baseline and additionally also with IL-1b at 1 year. Omega-6 fatty acids were consistently positively associated with pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 at baseline. Omega-3 fatty acids including C20:5n3 and C18:3n3 were negatively associated with IFN- at 1 year. It is interesting to note that the cis and trans forms of C16:1n7 at 1 year were oppositely associated with the inflammatory markers. C16:1n7trans was negatively associated with IFN-, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1b, whereas C16:1n7cis was positively associated with IL-1b. This study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting potential differences in inflammatory or anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids in blood cell membranes." ]

[ "Obesity is associated with elevated levels of free fatty acids (FAs) and proinflammatory CD11c+ macrophages. However, whether and how free FAs contribute to CD11c+ macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory functions remain unclear. Here we report that dietary saturated FAs, but not unsaturated FAs, promoted the differentiation and function of CD11c+ macrophages. Specifically, we demonstrated that stearic acid (SA) significantly induced CD11c expression in monocytes through activation of the nuclear retinoid acid receptor. More importantly, cytosolic expression of epidermal FA binding protein (E-FABP) in monocytes/macrophages was shown to be critical to the mediation of the SA-induced effect. Depletion of E-FABP not only inhibited SA-induced CD11c upregulation in macrophages in vitro but also abrogated high-saturated-fat diet-induced skin lesions in obese mouse models in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which saturated FAs promote obesity-associated inflammation through inducing E-FABP/retinoid acid receptor-mediated differentiation of CD11c+ macrophages.", "OBJECTIVE: The root cause behind the low-grade inflammatory state seen in insulin resistant (obesity and type 2 diabetes) states is unclear. Insulin resistant subjects have elevations in plasma free fatty acids (FFA), which are ligands for the pro-inflammatory toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway. We tested the hypothesis that an experimental elevation in plasma FFA (within physiological levels) in lean individuals would upregulate TLR4 and activate downstream pathways (e.g., MAPK) in circulating monocytes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twelve lean, normal glucose-tolerant subjects received a low dose (30 ml/h) 48 h lipid or saline infusion on two different occasions. Monocyte TLR4 protein level, MAPK phosphorylation, and expression of genes in the TLR pathway were determined before and after each infusion.RESULTS: The lipid infusion significantly increased monocyte TLR4 protein and phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. Lipid-mediated increases in TLR4 and p38 phosphorylation directly correlated with reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity (M value). Lipid increased levels of multiple genes linked to inflammation, including several TLRs, CD180, MAP3K7, and CXCL10. Monocytes exposed in vivo to lipid infusion exhibited enhanced in vitro basal and LPS-stimulated IL-1 secretion.CONCLUSIONS: In lean subjects, a small increase in plasma FFA (as seen in insulin resistant subjects) is sufficient to upregulate TLR4 and stimulate inflammatory pathways (MAPK) in monocytes. Moreover, lipids prime monocytes to endotoxin. We provide proof-of-concept data in humans indicating that the low-grade inflammatory state characteristic of obesity and type 2 diabetes could be caused (at least partially) by pro-inflammatory monocytes activated by excess lipids present in these individuals." ]

[ "Although cisplatin (CIS) has been associated with serious adverse effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in adult rats, there is few reports on its use in newborn rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate acute toxic effects of CIS in newborn rats. Adult and newborn Wistar rats received CIS by the i. p. route, at the dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg. After 24 h of treatment, blood, kidney, and liver were excised from the animals and parameters of renal and hepatic functions, oxidative stress markers were determined. Acute administration of CIS caused an increase of AST activity and urea levels, suggesting hepatorenal toxicity in newborn and adult rats. However, the pattern and intensity of damage was different between ages and tissues. Newborn rats showed more pronouncedly oxidative stress damage, characterized by an increase in reactive species and protein carbonyl levels, lower NPSH content and highest inhibition in -ALA-D and CAT activities. Besides that, it was observed a faster molecular response in protein levels involved with apoptosis and oxidative stress response; whereas in the beginning the damage was less severe in the kidney than in the liver of adult rats. Thus, the present study shows that there are body response differences between adult and newborn rats to CIS acute exposure being that newborn rats are more susceptible than adults." ]

[ "PURPOSE: Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug with serious side effects such as ototoxicity which is characterized by irreversible, bilateral, progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Oxytocin, which is a well-known hormone secreting during pregnancy, has antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect. Our study aims to test and compare the effect of intratympanic (IT) and intraperitoneal (IP) oxytocin on cisplatin ototoxicity with DPOAE.METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 received 0.1-0.3ml IT saline+IP saline solutions for 4days (n=6), Group 2 received cumulative dose of 20mg/kg IP cisplatin divided into two equal doses in first and second days of experiment+0.1-0.3ml IT saline for 4days, Group 3 received same dose of cisplatin as Group 2+0.1-0.3ml IT oxytocin for 4days, and Group 4 received same dose of cisplatin as Groups 2 and 3+IP oxytocin with dose of 1mg/kg. DPOAE was performed prior to procedure and at the end of the experiment on day 5.RESULTS: Group 2 showed severe ototoxic effect of cisplatin according to DPOAE result (p<0.05). When compared with Group 2, DPOAE amplitude reductions were smaller in Group 3 (3.2, 3.8, 4.5, 6.3 and 7.6kHz) (p<0.05) and Group 4 which is statistically significant in 5.4, 6.3 and 7.6kHz (p<0.05). When Group 3 and Group 4 were compared, reductions were smaller in 2.7 and 3.2kHz in Group 3 (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed the protective effect of IT and IP oxytocin on cisplatin ototoxicity. We suggest oxytocin in cisplatin ototoxicity, especially via IT route even with high-dose cisplatin.", "Cisplatin has demonstrated high antitumor efficacy. However, nephrotoxicity is a dose-limiting factor in its clinical use. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of rutin and low dose of irradiation (LDR) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats received rutin (200mg/kg/day, p.o) for 10 consecutive days and subjected to LDR (0.5Gy) 1day prior to cisplatin. Intraperitoneal administration of single dose of cisplatin (7.5mg/kg) was used to induce nephrotoxicity. Data showed that cisplatin caused elevation in serum creatinine and urea, disturbance in blood count, elevation in gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-1, caspase-3, mitochondrial cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor in renal tissue. Moreover, it caused elevation in renal malondialdehyde accompanied by reduction in glutathione content. These effects were confirmed by histopathological examination. It was observed that LDR and rutin ameliorated the studied parameters. In conclusion, LDR could be considered as a novel approach for prophylaxis of cisplatin induced renal damage, also it augmented the nephroprotective effect of rutin via modulating the expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptotic mediators as well as histological changes in rats kidneys and hence might be valuable in improving the therapeutic index of cisplatin." ]

[ "Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to permanent neurological impairment. Currently, the only clinically effective intervention for patients with acute SCI is surgical decompression by removal of impinging bone fragments within 24 h after injury. Recent clinical studies suggest that elevated intraparenchymal spinal pressure (ISP) limits functional recovery following SCI. Here, we report on the temporal and spatial patterns of elevated ISP following a moderate rodent contusion SCI. Compared with physiological ISP in the intact cord (2.7  0.5 mm Hg), pressures increase threefold 30 min following injury (8.9  1.1 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and remain elevated for up to 7 days (4.3  0.8 mm Hg). Measurements of rostrocaudal ISP distribution reveal peak pressures in the injury center and in segments rostral to the injury during the acute phase(? 24 h). During the subacute phase(? 72 h), peak ISP decreases while a 7.5 mm long segment of moderately elevated ISP remains, centered on the initial contusion site. Interestingly, the contribution of the dural and pial compartments toward increased ISP changes with time after injury: Dural and pial linings contribute almost equally to increased ISP during the acute phase, whereas the dural lining is primarily responsible for elevated ISP during the subacute phase (78.9%). Our findings suggest that a rat contusion SCI model in combination with novel micro-catheters allows for direct measurement of ISP after SCI. Similarly to traumatic brain injury, raised tissue pressure is likely to have detrimental effects on spontaneous recovery following SCI." ]

[ "STUDY DESIGN: Longitudinal study.OBJECTIVES: To study prospectively pain characteristics, change in pain over time and the associations between pain and psychological functioning in adults with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).SETTING: Neurosurgical departments, SCI rehabilitation centres and the community.METHODS: Adults with traumatic SCI admitted over a 3-year period to two neurosurgical departments underwent clinical examination and questionnaires within 3 months after injury (baseline) and at 6, 12 and 42 months following SCI. Pain intensity and interference within the last 7 days, a global quality of life (QoL) item, the 5-item Mental Health Index and the 6-item Catastrophizing scale were used.RESULTS: Ninety individuals were recruited, of which 81 completed a telephone interview on average 3.5 (s.d., 0.6) years after the SCI. Pain was present in 75% at 3.5 years. Baseline pain catastrophizing scores did not predict pain intensity at 3.5 years. Both psychological functioning and QoL increased over time. QoL scores increased less in participants who reported an increase in pain intensity from baseline to the 3.5-year follow-up, and the change in QoL score correlated with the change in pain interference. Neuropathic pain had an onset within the first 12 months and tended to become persistent, whereas musculoskeletal pain more often had a late onset or resolved in cases of early onset.CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of SCI participants continue to experience pain many years after SCI. Teaching individuals with SCI skills to minimise pain's impact on function as soon as possible following injury may prove beneficial.", "People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are predisposed to pressure ulcers (PU). PU remain a significant burden in cost of care and quality of life despite improved mechanistic understanding and advanced interventions. An agent-based model (ABM) of ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation and PU (the PUABM) was created, calibrated to serial images of post-SCI PU, and used to investigate potential treatments in silico. Tissue-level features of the PUABM recapitulated visual patterns of ulcer formation in individuals with SCI. These morphological features, along with simulated cell counts and mediator concentrations, suggested that the influence of inflammatory dynamics caused simulations to be committed to \"better\" vs. \"worse\" outcomes by 4 days of simulated time and prior to ulcer formation. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters suggested that increasing oxygen availability would reduce PU incidence. Using the PUABM, in silico trials of anti-inflammatory treatments such as corticosteroids and a neutralizing antibody targeted at Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs) suggested that, at best, early application at a sufficiently high dose could attenuate local inflammation and reduce pressure-associated tissue damage, but could not reduce PU incidence. The PUABM thus shows promise as an adjunct for mechanistic understanding, diagnosis, and design of therapies in the setting of PU." ]

[ "The Holy Trinity-Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Cathedral Greek Food Festival is now the focal point for thousands from Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Georgia who for three days experience the Greeks' legendary zest for life." ]

[ "Traditional Greek taverna, an integral part of Greek culture and cuisine. Greek cuisine is a Mediterranean cuisine. Contemporary Greek cookery makes wide use of vegetables, olive oil, grains, fish, wine, and meat (white and red, including lamb, poultry, rabbit and pork).", "Greek cuisine is a Mediterranean cuisine. Contemporary Greek cookery makes wide use of olive oil, lemon juice, vegetables, and herbs, grains and bread, wine, fish, and various meats, including lamb, poultry, rabbit and pork. The most commonly seen grain is wheat, however barley is also used." ]

[ "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 2) The second season of \"\"\"\" premiered on the Logo network on a new night; Thursday, August 25, 2016. Returning judges included RuPaul, Michelle Visage, with Carson Kressley joining the panel, while the space previously occupied by Ross Matthews was filled by Todrick Hall. Cast members were announced on June 17, 2016. This season featured ten All-Star contestants, selected from the show's second season through to its seventh season, who competed to be inducted into the \"\"\"\"Drag Race\"\" Hall of Fame\"\". A new twist was revealed for this season, changing the format of the", "The winner of the first season of \"\"RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars\"\" was Chad Michaels. A second season of \"\"All Stars\"\" was announced in 2015 and started shooting immediately after season 8. The show was to begin airing on August 25, 2016. Along with the season premiere's announcement, the cast of All Stars 2 were revealed. The cast consisted of 10 returning contestants, Adore Delano, Alaska, Alyssa Edwards, Coco Montrese, Detox, Ginger Minj, Katya, Phi Phi O'Hara, Roxxxy Andrews, and Tatianna. A new twist was revealed for this season changing the format of the show. In previous seasons, the two" ]

[ "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars (season 3) The third season of \"\"\"\" began airing on January 25, 2018. The season was announced in August 2017, and 9 of the 10 cast members were revealed during a VH1 television special titled \"\"Exclusive Queen Ruveal,\"\" which aired on October 20, 2017. This season featured ten All Star contestants, selected from the show's first season through to its ninth season, who competed to be inducted into the \"\"\"\"Drag Race\"\" Hall of Fame\"\". As in the previous season, the top two queens in the challenge compete in a \"\"Lip Sync for Your Legacy,\"\" with", "live via the television channel's mobile app. The show premiered on 20 January 2018 on Colors TV. This is the first reality television show in India which involves Live Audience Voting through Voot App. Popular playback singer and music director Shankar Mahadevan, playback singer and actor Monali Thakur and actor-singer Diljit Dosanjh return as the experts in the show. The show is hosted by TV Actor Ravi Dubey. The winner of Rising Star Season 2 is Hemant Brijwasi. In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, \"\"Rising Star\"\" features a cast of celebrity" ]

[ "Evaluation and referral interventions have helped patients get into treatment for alcoholism." ]

[ "Evaluation and referral interventions have gotten a number of patients hooked on alcohol." ]

[ "Low Potassium Symptoms. Usually symptoms of low potassium are mild. At times the effects of low potassium can be vague. There may be more than one symptom involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, kidneys, muscles, heart, and nerves. Abnormal psychological behavior: depression, psychosis, delirium, confusion, or hallucinations." ]

[ "If your potassium levels are high enough to cause symptoms, you may have: 1 fatigue or weakness. 2 a feeling of numbness or tingling. 3 nausea or vomiting. problems 1 breathing. chest pain. palpitations or skipped heartbeats.", "Blood Levels. Your blood potassium level can indicate that your potassium is low. Your physician can order a blood test to determine your levels. A typical level is between 3.6 and 5.2 millimoles per liter, a measurement of the potassium particles in your blood.If your potassium dips below 3.6 millimoles per liter, you may start to experience symptoms associated with hypokalemia.or your heart to beat regularly and your muscles to function properly, you need potassium. This mineral is present in many foods, especially fruits and vegetables." ]

[ "Most people know Amazon.com as the world’s largest online retailer. While this is where the company stands in today’s day and age, it is important to note that its history dates back to when it was founded in 1994. Jeff Bezos incorporated Amazon in July 1994, with the website launching to the public a year later. According to Quora, the original name was going to be “Cadabra,” but Bezos misheard it as “cadaver.”." ]

[ "If you look at Amazon's original S-1 filing to go public in 1997, you can get a glimpse of the company's cap table at the time. The filing is here: http://www.rocketfinancial.com/F... Just prior to going public, Amazon.com's ownership was: Jeff Bezos owned 48%. Kleiner Perkins owned 17%.", "1 Time magazine named Bezos ‘Person of the Year’ in 1999 to recognize his success in popularizing online shopping. 2 Amazon once tried to compete with eBay by launching ‘Amazon.com Auctions’. It was not successful as very few people used the service. Amazon has now gone into the film production business." ]

[ "Bush in the meantime suffers in silence." ]

[ "Bush in the meantime is happy and proud." ]

[ " Peter Ackerman (playwright) Peter Ackerman is an American playwright, actor, and screenwriter best known as a co-writer of the animated movie \"Ice Age\" for 20th Century Fox.", " Ice Age (2002 film) Ice Age is a 2002 American computer-animated buddy comedy road film directed by Chris Wedge and co-directed by Carlos Saldanha from a story by Michael J. Wilson. Produced by Blue Sky Studios as its first feature film, it was released by 20th Century Fox on March 15, 2002. The film features the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary and Chris Wedge." ]

[ " The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film) The Hound of the Baskervilles is a 1959 British gothic horror and mystery film, directed by Terence Fisher and produced by Hammer Film Productions. It is based on the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It stars Peter Cushing as Sherlock Holmes, Sir Christopher Lee as Sir Henry Baskerville and André Morell as Doctor Watson.", " William Peter Blatty William Peter Blatty (January 7, 1928 – January 12, 2017) was an American writer and filmmaker best known for his 1971 novel \"The Exorcist\" and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay of its film adaptation. He also wrote and directed the sequel \"The Exorcist III\". After the success of \"The Exorcist\", Blatty reworked \"Twinkle, Twinkle, \"Killer\" Kane!\" (1960) into a new novel titled \"The Ninth Configuration\", published in 1978. Two years later, Blatty adapted the novel into a film of the same title and won Best Screenplay at the 1981 Golden Globe Awards. Some of his other notable works are the novels \"Elsewhere\" (2009), \"Dimiter\" (2010) and \"Crazy\" (2010)." ]

[ "Hiccups Page contents Things you can try Causes When to get medical help Treatment from a GPMost people get hiccups sometimes. They should only last a few minutes – you can usually wait for them to go away or treat them yourself without seeing a GP. Things you can do yourself to stop or prevent hiccups Although many people find these things helpful, there's no evidence that they work for everyone. Dobreathe into a paper bag (don't put it over your head)pull your knees up to your chest and lean forwardsip ice-cold waterswallow some granulated sugarbite on a lemon or taste vinegarhold your breath for a short time Don'tdrink alcoholic, fizzy or hot drinkschew gum or smoke – these can cause you to swallow aireat spicy foodeat food very quicklyeat or drink something very cold immediately after something hot Why we get hiccups There's often no obvious reason why you get hiccups, but some people find certain things trigger their hiccups, such as:stressstrong emotions, like excitementeating and drinking In rare cases, hiccups that last longer than 48 hours can be due to a medical condition or a medicine you're taking. See a GP if your hiccups:last longer than 48 hourscome back very often and are affecting your life Treatment from a GPYour GP will want to find out if your hiccups are caused by a health condition or medication you're taking – treating the condition or changing your medicine should stop your hiccups. If there's no obvious cause, they might be able to prescribe medicine to treat your hiccups. This doesn't work for everyone. Page last reviewed: 15/07/2017 Next review due: 15/07/2020Call 111If you can’t speak to your GP or don’t know what to do next." ]

[ "Hiccup (Singultus) and Causes of Hiccoughing Hiccup (Singultus) and Causes of Hiccoughing Posted by Dr. Chris Tweet What is a Hiccup? Hiccups are the repeated involuntary spasm of the diaphragm which causes a sudden intake of air. This is followed by the abrupt closure of the glottis (the vocal cords and space between it) which then restricts the air rushing in. These two actions, diaphragmatic spasm resulting in rapid air intake and closure of the glottis resulting in obstruction of the air flowing in, results in the characteristic sound that we know as a hiccup. A hiccup is also known as a hiccough or is referred to by the medical term, singultus. Hiccups usually occur in episodes lasting a few minutes to a few hours. These episodes come and go, often without warning or any clear cause and do not pose any risk to your health. These odd incidents of hiccups are known as transient hiccups. However, there are cases of persistent hiccups which lasts for more than 2 days or intractable hiccups which can last for more than a month. Persistent or intractable hiccups can be embarrassing, affect daily functioning and even cause pain and distress to the sufferer. The exact causes of hiccups are not known but transient hiccups are known to occur in certain conditions and situations. While hiccups are not a harmful phenomenon, it can sometimes be a symptom of an underlying cause which may be serious or life threatening. Why Do We Hiccup? The diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle sheet that makes up the base of the thorax (chest) cavity. When this muscle contracts, its causes a negative pressure (vacuum) causing the lungs to expand and draw in air from the environment (inhalation or inspiration). When the diaphragm muscle relaxes, the elastic lungs return to their normal size and pushes out the air within it (exhalation or expiration). The diaphragm is not the only muscle of respiration and the intercostal muscles (between the ribs), neck and abdominal muscles also play a part in breathing. Irritation of the diaphragm, like with any muscle, can cause spasmodic attacks which may lead to hiccups. Ask a Doctor Online Now!The main nerve innervating the diaphragm is the phrenic nerve. This nerve arises from the cervical part of the spinal cord, specifically at the level of C3, C4 and C5. There is a right and left phrenic nerve which runs down to the diaphragm. Irritation of the phrenic nerve (s) can stimulate sudden and repeat contractions of the diaphragm muscle resulting in hiccups and cause referred pain to the tip of the shoulder blade (Kehr’s sign) or to the clavicle (collarbone). It is important to note that the phrenic nerve does not exist in isolation within the thoracic cavity. It lies near many structures and to some extent interacts with other nerves in the vicinity. The respiratory centers in the medulla and pons (brainstem) coordinates respiration by monitoring p H changes and oxygen levels in the blood stream. This will alter the breathing rate by regulating the movement and rhythm of the respiratory muscles. Other nerves, like the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and particularly the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) also play crucial roles in regulating breathing. Irritation or damage of the vagus nerve or of the respiratory centers as well as brain injuries can therefore also trigger hiccups. Causes of Hiccups While the physiology of a hiccup is understood, the exact cause is still unknown although certain conditions and situations seem more likely to trigger hiccups. Acute Hiccups The causes of transient or short episodes of hiccups include : Alcohol consumption. Eating or drinking quickly. This is a common cause of hiccups in babies. Acid reflux. Intestinal gas causing bloating. Constant vomiting. Gastric distention. Excessive belching. Consuming very hot and very cold foods and drinks. Spicy foods. Emotional stress. Sudden bouts of laughing, sneezing and coughing. Aerophagia. Hyperventilation. Irritation of the ear drum (tympanic membrane)Sore throat. Side effects of certain drugs, especially anesthetics, barbituates, tranquilizers and hypertensive drugs. Stimulants like nicotine (nicotine replacement products side effects) and narcotic drugs. Chronic Hiccups Persistent hiccups lasting for more than 2 days and intractable hiccups lasting for more than one month may be considered as chronic hiccups. The causes of chronic hiccups include persisting factors mentioned in acute causes as well as the following : Alcoholism. Pregnancy. Meningitis. Encephalitis. Injury to the brain and/or brainstem. Brain tumors. Stroke (cerebrovascular accident). Multiple sclerosis. Esophagitis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Goiter. Pneumonia. Chronic bronchitis. Pericarditis. Pleurisy. Smoke inhalation. Chest trauma. Bowel disorders. Gallbladder disease. Pancratitis. Diabetes. Abdominal or thoracic surgery. Hepatitis. Uremia. Kidney failure. Dehydration. Hiccups are not considered to be a medical emergency. However, if they are accompanied by any neurological signs and symptoms of sudden onset, immediate medical attention is required." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder that often requires the affected individual to receive part- or full-time care from a caregiver.AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine the humanistic and economic burden of caring for an individual with Schizophrenia with regard to the measures of quality of life (QoL), work productivity, healthcare resource use and estimated economic costs.METHODS: Data for this study came from the 2012 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS; n = 71,149). Specifically, this analysis focused on those individuals in the survey who indicated that they were currently the primary caregiver for an individual with Schizophrenia (C-SCZ; n = 174). These individuals were matched via two separate 1:2 propensity score matches with both caregivers of other disorders (C-Other; n = 294) and non-caregivers (Non-C; n = 294) on significant covariates. Individuals were then compared across the outcomes of QoL, work productivity, healthcare resource use and estimated economic costs.RESULTS: C-SCZ respondents had worse outcomes on all outcomes measured than C-Other respondents and Non-C respondents even when controlling for significant differences between the groups on sociodemographic characteristics. However, due to the small sample sizes, these comparisons were only significant in most cases for the C-SCZ to Non-C comparisons.CONCLUSION: Results indicate that caregivers of those with Schizophrenia experience a heightened humanistic and economic burden, especially relative to the burden experienced by non-caregivers. The fact that Schizophrenia not only affects the individual but also those who care for that individual is underscored by these results." ]

[ "INTRODUCTION: A liberal acceptance (LA) threshold for hypotheses has been put forward to explain the well-replicated \"jumping to conclusions\" (JTC) bias in psychosis, particularly in patients with paranoid symptoms. According to this account, schizophrenia patients rest their decisions on lower subjective probability estimates. The initial formulation of the LA account also predicts an absence of the JTC bias under high task ambiguity (i.e., if more than one response option surpasses the subjective acceptance threshold).METHODS: Schizophrenia patients (n = 62) with current or former delusions and healthy controls (n = 30) were compared on six scenarios of a variant of the beads task paradigm. Decision-making was assessed under low and high task ambiguity. Along with decision judgments (optional), participants were required to provide probability estimates for each option in order to determine decision thresholds (i.e., the probability the individual deems sufficient for a decision).RESULTS: In line with the LA account, schizophrenia patients showed a lowered decision threshold compared to controls (82% vs. 93%) which predicted both more errors and less draws to decisions. Group differences on thresholds were comparable across conditions. At the same time, patients did not show hasty decision-making, reflecting overall lowered probability estimates in patients.CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm core predictions derived from the LA account. Our results may (partly) explain why hasty decision-making is sometimes aggravated and sometimes abolished in psychosis. The proneness to make risky decisions may contribute to the pathogenesis of psychosis. A revised LA account is put forward.", "BACKGROUND: Mental health literacy is an important predictor of appropriate help-seeking behaviour.AIMS: This study investigated (a) the effects of an educational intervention on schizophrenia mental health literacy, beliefs about causes, discrimination, treatment, and attitudes that promote recognition, and (b) whether schizophrenia literacy would be higher in people with prior education in a health-related area than people without such education.METHOD: A randomised control design tested the effects of an educational intervention on schizophrenia literacy relative to a control group. Participants (N = 260; mean age = 31.18 years, SD = 11.43, female = 78.8%) answered a mental health literacy questionnaire, based on a vignette of a person with schizophrenia, before and after watching either an educational video on schizophrenia or a control video.RESULTS: The intervention significantly increased schizophrenia identification and literacy, reduced personal stigma, and increased perceived discrimination in society. The health background group reported significantly greater schizophrenia identification than the no health background group. Participants thought help should be sought from health care professionals and through psychotherapy, close friends and physical activity.CONCLUSIONS: Targeted education can significantly improve the ability to identify schizophrenia which may have positive implications for reducing the time individuals take to seek help." ]

[ "To establish an accurate mathematical model describing fetal head growth, taking into account gender differences and changes in growth rate during gestation. Ultrasound measurements of head circumference and biparietal diameter were made on 1,336 normal fetuses (684 males and 652 females) in the Maternité Régionale de Nancy (France). A new two-phase model, taking into account an alteration in growth kinetics at 30 gestational weeks, was computed independently for male and female data. The accuracy of this model was tested and compared with three current mathematical models: a linear-quadratic, a linear-cubic, and the Rossavik and Deter (1984) models. In all models, including ours, the coefficients of determination (R(2)) were high (> or =0.999), so long as male and female data were computed separately. However, the standard error estimates (SEE) of our two-phase model were much lower (0.13 < or = SEE < or = 0.57) than the SEE of the three other models when computed over the whole gestational period (0.49 < or = SEE < or = 2.69); nevertheless, when these three other models were computed for these two successive periods, their SEE decreased, and data fitting was improved" ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in mortality and morbidities have benefited male more than female infants.METHODS: Infants of gestational ages 22 to 29 weeks born between January 2006 and December 2016 at a Vermont Oxford Network center in the United States were studied. We examined mortality and morbidity rate differences and 95% confidence intervals by sex and birth year. We tested temporal differences in mortality and morbidity rates between boys and girls by means of a likelihood ratio test (LRT) on nested binomial regression models with log links.RESULTS: A total of 205 750 infants were studied; 97 048 (47.2%) infants were girls. The rate for mortality and chronic lung disease decreased over time faster for boys than for girls (LRT P < .001 for mortality; P = .006 for lung disease). Restricting to centers that remained throughout the entire study period did not change all the above but additionally revealed a significant year-sex interaction for respiratory distress syndrome, with a faster decline among boys (LRT P = .04). Morbidities, including patent ductus arteriosus, necrotizing enterocolitis, early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy of prematurity, and pneumothorax, revealed a constant rate difference between boys and girls over time.CONCLUSIONS: Compared with girls, male infants born at <30 weeks' gestation experienced faster declines in mortality, respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic lung disease over an 11-year period. Future research should investigate which causes of death declined among boys and whether their improved survival has been accompanied by a change in their neurodevelopmental impairment rate.", "INTRODUCTION: In the past 20+ years, several studies of bovine embryo production showed how the ratio of male to female embryos changes if embryos are made in vivo or in vitro. It is known that in in vitro systems, the sex ratio is in favor of males when there are high levels of glucose, and favors females when the principal energetic substrate is one other than glucose, like citrate.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the embryo metabolism during three important periods of in vitro development: the early development (from day 1 until day 3), the middle of culture (day 3 until day 5), and later development (day 5 until day 7).METHODS: To obtain this information we evaluated the spent medium from each time period by 1H NMR.RESULTS: Our results confirm that embryo metabolism is different between sexes. The new information obtained by identifies markers that we can use to predict the embryo sex.CONCLUSION: These results open a new, non-invasive method to evaluate sex of the embryos before the transfer. In the first period of embryo culture, valine concentration is good indicator (66.7% accurate), while in the last phase of culture, pyruvate depletion is the best marker (64% accurate) to evaluate the sex of the embryo." ]

[ "Liquid Aminos is a Certified NON-GMO liquid protein concentrate, derived from soybeans.Great on Salads & Dressings, Soups, Veggies, Rice & Beans, Tofu, Wok & Stir fry,Casseroles, Potatoes, Meats, Poultry, Fish, Jerky, Popcorn, Gravies & Sauces. Bragg Liquid Aminos is a healthy alternative to Soy and Tamari sauce.1 customer reviews ». 5.0 out of 5 stars. Liquid Aminos is a Certified NON-GMO liquid protein concentrate, derived from soybeans. Great on Salads & Dressings, Soups, Veggies, Rice & Beans, Tofu, Wok & Stir fry,Casseroles, Potatoes, Meats, Poultry, Fish, Jerky, Popcorn, Gravies & Sauces." ]

[ "4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is the organic compound with the formula H 2 NC 6 H 4 OH. Typically available as a white powder, it is commonly used as a developer in black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.", "Our liquid aminos does go rancid if kept out of the cupboard or out of the refrigerator. We suggest storing in a cupboard or the refrigerator. It is the same reason ketchup or soy sauce, or jam, or peanut butter do not go bad if kept in the cupboard." ]

[ "Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition where acid from the stomach leaks out of the stomach and up into the oesophagus (gullet)." ]

[ "Gaucher's (go-SHAYZ) disease is the result of a buildup of certain fatty substances in certain organs, particularly your spleen and liver.This causes these organs to become much larger than normal and can affect their function.n enzyme that breaks down these fatty substances doesn't work properly in people who have Gaucher's disease. Treatment often includes enzyme replacement therapy. An inherited disorder, Gaucher's disease is most common in Jewish people of Eastern and Central European descent (Ashkenazi).", "What to expect if you choose to have laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery What is Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)? Although “heartburn” is often used to describe a variety of digestive problems, in medical terms, it is actually a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease." ]

[ "BACKGROUND/AIM: L-Carnosine inhibits senescence of somatic cells and displays anticancer activity. Here we analyzed if L-carnosine (20 mM) retards senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and inhibits progression of ovarian cancer cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed with primary HPMCs established from patients undergoing abdominal surgery and with three ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3.RESULTS: L-Carnosine retards senescence of HPMCs plausibly via inhibition of mitochondria-related oxidative stress. Prolonged exposure of HPMCs to L-carnosine prevented senescent HPMC-dependent exacerbation of cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion and proliferation, which may be linked with decreased secretion of various pro-cancerogenic agents by HPMCs. Cancer cells exposed directly to L-carnosine displayed reduced viability, increased frequency of apoptosis and unaltered proliferation.CONCLUSION: L-carnosine may be a valuable anticancer drug, especially in the context of prevention and therapy of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer metastasis." ]

[ "Since l-carnosine has shown effectiveness in improvement of cognition in patients with schizophrenia, this 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted. Sixty-three patients with chronic schizophrenia, who were clinically stable on a stable dose of risperidone, entered the study. The patients were randomly assigned to l-carnosine (2 gr/day in two divided doses) or placebo for eight weeks. The patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) during the study course. Sixty patients completed the trial. L-carnosine resulted in greater improvement of negative scores as well as total PANSS scores but not positive subscale scores compared to placebo. HDRS scores and its changes did not differ between the two groups. Both groups demonstrated a constant ESRS score during the trial course. Frequency of other side effects was not significantly different between the two groups. In a multiple regression analysis model (controlled for positive, general psychopathology, depressive and extrapyramidal symptoms, as well as other variables), the treatment group significantly predicted changes in primary negative symptoms. In conclusion, l-carnosine add-on therapy can safely and effectively reduce the primary negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.", "Carnosic acid (CA), an important bioactive phenolic diterpene mainly found in labiate plants, exerts various biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, we proved the deleterious effects of CA against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both invitro and invivo models. Invitro, CA significantly decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and migration, enhanced apoptosis, and increased caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in HepG2 and SMMC-7721cells. Specifically, CA led to a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis-related protein expression. Pre-incubation of HCC cells with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, strongly suppressed CA-induced apoptotic phenomena, including reduced cell viability, excessive ROS levels, MMP decreases, and abnormal protein expression, suggesting an association of CA-induced apoptosis with oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial pathways. In HepG2-and SMMC-7721-xenograft tumor mouse models, treatment with CA inhibited tumor growth and modulated apoptosis-related protein expression, confirming the anti-HCC effects of this chemical. Moreover, the CA-mediated anti-HCC effects associated with oxidative stress provide experimental evidence to support the potential use of CA as a drug therapy for HCC." ]

[ "A street performer is standing on the street." ]

[ "A street performer is infront of a large crowd on a sunny day." ]

[ "The only oxygen equipment allowed on an airplane is the portable oxygen concentrator (POC). If you need oxygen in flight, you must take a portable oxygen concentrator with you, and , you must let your airline know ahead of time. They may require a doctor’s letter to verify the need for the POC on the plane." ]

[ "Baggage that is missing or delayed should be reported in person prior to leaving the airport. This notification should take place no later than 24 hours after the arrival of the flight on which the bag was checked. For maximum baggage weight and size restrictions see the Checked Baggage policy.", "Two medical attendants should accompany the patient (e.g., inflight medical technician and flight surgeon). If the medical condition warrants, medical professionals with the ability to provide advanced airway management including basic and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) should be in attendance." ]

[ "I know that some of the amino acids you listed are commonly found in fish fertilizer. I haven't read any studies on the use of these amino acids individually and not sure where you would purchase them separately. If you're just experimenting in your own garden I would just use fish fertilizer according to the label directions. If you look for fish fertilizer studies you'll probably find more info.\n\nAlso, I've never heard of these opening up the stomata of the plants. The only references I've read indicate that foliar sprays are best applied in the early morning or late day when the stomata is already open. This is how the nutrients get absorbed from the leaves.\n\nI don't know that I would want to intentionally manipulate stomata closure. The plant knows when it needs to breath.\n\nWhere did you read the above info? I'd be interested in seeing it." ]

[ "Theres choline, but hey why not calculate it yourself? I can't share a website that does no sell anything too often it seems,but you will find on my profile.\n\nThe nutritional database are from Usda and websites transform their data with % value and tools to calculate total nutrient amount of selected foods.\n\nFrom what I know you are missing several nutrients. Should also check for spinach oaxalic acid and nutrient interference, as well as uric acid impact.\n\nYou should try sunflower seeds,pumpkin seeds,peanuts, and look seeds/nuts and herbs you'll find everything(except iodine for usda) \nB12 can be supplemented (don't forget it's stored in the liver)", "Initial letters of the names of the amino acids were chosen where\n there was no ambiguity. There are six such cases: cysteine, histidine.\n isoleucine, methionine, serine and valine. All the other amino acids\n share the initial letters A, G, L, P or T, so arbitrary assignments\n were made. These letters were assigned to the most frequently\n occurring and structurally most simple of the amino acids with these\n initials, alanine (A), glycine (G), leucine (L), proline (P) and\n threonine (T).\n \n Other assignments were made on the basis of associations that might be\n helpful in remembering the code, e.g. the phonetic associations of F\n for phenylalanine and R for arginine. For tryptophan the double ring\n of the molecule is associated with the bulky letter W. The letters N\n and Q were assigned to asparagine and glutamine respectively; D and E\n to aspartic and glutamic acids respectively. K and Y were chosen for\n the two remaining amino acids, lysine and tyrosine, because, of the\n few remaining letters, they were close alphabetically to the initial\n letters of the names. U and O were avoided because U is easily\n confused with V in handwritten material, and O with G, Q, C and D in\n imperfect computer print-outs, and also with zero. J was avoided\n because it is absent from several languages.\n \n Two other symbols are often necessary in partly determined sequences,\n so B was assigned to aspartic acid or asparagine when these have not\n been distinguished; Z was similarly assigned to glutamic acid or\n glutamine. X means that the identity of an amino acid is undetermined,\n or that the amino acid is atypical. \"Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides" ]

[ "(June 2016) Glow fuel is a fuel source used in model engines – generally the same or similar fuels can be used in model airplanes, helicopters, cars and boats. Glow fuel can be burned by very simple two-stroke engines or by more complicated four-stroke engines, and these engines can provide impressive amounts of power for their very small size." ]

[ "No.3 Jet Fuel is the main Chinese grade which is essentially identical to Jet A-1. grade is now covered by a separate specification ASTM D 6615). A recent development for jet fuels is the approval of alternative blend components. some renewable bio-routes, are covered by a new specification, ASTM D7566.", "Using premixed fuel in a jet ski. Get a container and put premix fuel in it at the 50:1 Ratio. Turn Fuel knob to OFF. Take off flame arrestor pieces off the carbs. In my Yamaha craft, the Mikuni carbs have an oil line on either ... by Jimbo." ]

[ "Report Abuse Italy in December will be chilly, could be rainy and will have short days. I think cities are better in that situation because you can spend time inside of museums, churches, etc, if the weather is bad and outside during nice weather." ]

[ "Averages for Palermo in December. Weather Lowdown. By the end of the year, the crowds have thinned greatly and the temperatures in Palermo have dropped. Even with the cooler temperatures, this is a great time of the year to visit, as you’ll still get warmer temperatures than most of Europe gets this time of the year.", "Jun 24, 2008, 12:05 PM. We have been to Italy in December (Florence, Milan and Rome) and enjoyed it. The lack of crowds was a real pleasure. Just be aware that some churches and museums are closed or have limited hours." ]

[ "Narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) is a new phototherapy option for psoriasis. Action spectrum studies previously done with different UVB wavelengths suggest that suberythemogenic doses of NB-UVB could be highly effective in treating psoriasis vulgaris. Even so, no comparative studies with suberythemogenic doses of NB versus conventional UVB have been performed previously. Our purpose was to compare conventional broad-band UVB (BB-UVB) with NB-UVB at suberythemogenic doses for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Eleven patients were treated using a split-body approach for 6 weeks on a three-times-a-week basis. Outcomes were evaluated by means of Psoriasis Severity Index scores and quantitative histologic measures. We were able to induce clinical clearing in 81.8% of patients after NB-UVB, but in only 9.1% of patients after BB-UVB (P < .01). Biopsy specimens obtained at the end of treatment revealed that keratin 16 staining was absent in 75% of patients on the NB side compared with none on the BB side, suggesting a reversal of regenerative epidermal hyperplasia by NB-UVB" ]

[ "Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a self-limiting papulosquamous disease that may persist for years and is associated with a high relapse rate. To date, few comparative studies have investigated the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy and other therapies in the treatment of PL. The present study retrospectively compared the clinical efficacies of NB-UVB phototherapy, systemic therapy, and a combination of NB-UVB and systemic medication in the treatment of PL. Seventy patients diagnosed with PL were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three subgroups: the NB-UVB treatment group; the systemic treatment group; and the combination treatment group. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated according to whether the subjects demonstrated a complete response (> 90% improvement in skin lesions), partial response (50-90% improvement), or no response (< 50% improvement) to treatment. A 91.9% complete response rate was achieved in the NB-UVB group, whereas only 69.2 and 80.0% of patients achieved a complete response in the systemic and combination treatment groups, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. The mean treatment periods were 8.3, 5.3, and 7.9 weeks in the NB-UVB, systemic, and combination treatment groups, respectively; these differences were also not significant", "BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Screening antinuclear antibody (ANA) is not recommended prior to initiating narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy in vitiligo patients, unless concern for photosensitivity exists. Guidelines on prescribing NBUVB phototherapy in vitiligo patients with positive ANA are unavailable, prompting this study to uncover trends.METHODS: This retrospective chart review investigated patients 12 years of age or older with a diagnosis of vitiligo between January 2015 and September 2017, positive serum ANA, and NBUVB phototherapy. Demographic information, vitiligo type, ANA titer/pattern, starting dose, peak dose without phototoxicity, phototherapy frequency, total number of phototoxic events and treatments, coexisting photosensitizing disorders, and concomitant photosensitizing medications were collected.RESULTS: Seven (two males, five females) of 1485 charts met inclusion criteria. One Caucasian, two African-Americans, one Asian, and three Hispanic/Latinos patients were represented. Six of seven patients had generalized vitiligo and one had focal vitiligo. ANA titer/patterns and phototherapy frequencies were evaluated. Peak doses of NBUVB without phototoxic event were available in six of seven patients: 274, 290, 532, 618, 700, and 734 mJ/cm2 . Total number of phototoxic events varied: 1 (n = 1), 2 (n = 1), 4 (n = 1), 6 (n = 2), or 8 (n = 1). Total NBUVB treatments ranged between 6 and 132. Coexisting photosensitizing disorders were not identified. One patient had phototoxic events in association with photosensitizing medications.CONCLUSION: With regard to phototoxicity, meaningful trends were not identified that may guide prescription of phototherapy in vitiligo patients with positive ANA, suggesting ANA may not be exclusionary criteria when prescribing NBUVB." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The progression of the cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is associated with many cofactors, and nutritional aspects are gradually assuming an important role in understanding the physiopathogenesis.OBJECTIVE: To assess the serum levels of retinol in women from a poor region of Brazil with a histological diagnosis of cervical high-grade SIL (HSIL).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 62 women aged 14-48 years who had a cervical biopsy and were treated at the Federal University of Ceara in Fortaleza, Brazil. Serum retinol levels were measured in peripheral blood by a spectrophotometry technique. Values were categorized as subnormal (<20 g/dl) or normal (?20 g/dl). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between serum levels of retinol and HSIL for a confidence interval of 95%.RESULTS: Twenty-six out of 62 women (42%) had a negative histopathological result for SIL and 36 (58%) were diagnosed with SIL (20 low SIL and 16 high SIL). The level of retinol was more frequently low in women with HSIL, but there was no statistical significance [p = 0.409, OR: 2.26 (0.33-15.59)].CONCLUSION: There was no association between high SIL and low levels of retinol in peripheral blood." ]

[ "Recent epidemiological studies show that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids might be beneficial to the maintenance of bone health. Recently, we found that serum carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects. However, little is known about the vitamin alone and/or the combination of the vitamin and carotenoid with the risk of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether antioxidant vitamins and their combination with carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing of osteoporosis. We conducted a follow-up study on 187 post-menopausal female subjects from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in previous bone mineral density (BMD) surveys and completed four years of follow-up were examined longitudinally. During a four-year follow-up, fifteen of the post-menopausal female subjects developed new-onset osteoporosis. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratios (OR) for osteoporosis in the highest tertiles of vitamins C and E and retinol intakes against the lowest tertiles were 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02-0.99), 0.50 (CI: 0.08-3.23), and 1.49 (CI: 0.36-6.22), respectively. Furthermore, a significantly lower odds ratio was observed in the higher vitamin C intake group (169-625 mg/d) with higher serum -cryptoxanthin (1.88-10.53 M) against the lower vitamin C intake group (47-168 mg/d) with lower serum -cryptoxanthin (0.24-1.84 M) used for the reference group (p<0.05). The combination of -cryptoxanthin and vitamin C is inversely associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects.", "BACKGROUND: To assess the relationship between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and metabolic parameters together with androgenic hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).METHODS: This is a single-centre study from the Endocrinology Institute at Firouzgar Hospital in Iran. Seventy-three women aged 15-45 years were recruited from May 2013 to December 2013. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level, other laboratory biomarkers and anthropometric indexes were measured. Data were analysed with statistical software SPSS version 16.0 for windows and we used specific analytical tests to assess data.RESULTS: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were < 20 ng/ml in 64 patients (79%). Nine patients (12.3%) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. A significant difference was found between the women with and without severe vitamin D deficiency with regard to waist circumference, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR, and abnormal systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels had a reverse but weak correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures.CONCLUSION: This study showed an association between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and some metabolic parameters; however, there was no significant linear correlation between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and metabolic variables, except for systolic and diastolic blood pressure." ]

[ "It is widely believed that using the \"tunneling\" procedure during pancreatoduodenectomy is a safe maneuver because the anterior tributaries of the portal vein (PV) are absent or very rare. The head of the pancreas with the duodenum and the common bile duct (CBD) was obtained from 22 autopsy cases. Three colors of silicon-polymerase dyes were injected into the pancreatic artery, PV, and bile duct. The tributaries of the PV at the superior margin of the pancreas were studied. There was no anterior branch of the intrapancreatic PV. The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (ASPDV) gave a definite branch to the anterior aspect of the PV at the superior margin of the pancreas in 4 of 22 cases. When the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein (PSPDV) was located in front of the CBD (5 of 22 cases), the ASPDV and PSPDV had a thick common trunk at the right side of the PV. In these 5 cases, no individual branch from the ASPDV was found at the anterior aspect of the PV" ]

[ "In recent years, many advances in pancreatic surgery have been achieved. Nevertheless, the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreatic tail resection does not differ between various techniques, still reaching up to 30% in prospective multicentric studies. Taking into account contradictory results concerning the usefulness of covering resection margins after distal pancreatectomy, we sought to perform a systematic, retrospective analysis of patients that underwent distal pancreatectomy at our center. We retrospectively analysed the data of 74 patients that underwent distal pancreatectomy between 2001 and 2011 at the community hospital in Neuss. Demographic factors, indications, postoperative complications, surgical or interventional revisions, and length of hospital stay were registered to compare the outcome of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy with coverage of the resection margins vs. patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy without coverage of the resection margins. Differences between groups were calculated using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U test. Main indications for pancreatic surgery were insulinoma (n=18, 24%), ductal adenocarcinoma (n=9, 12%), non-single-insulinoma-pancreatogenic-hypoglycemia-syndrome (NSIPHS) (n=8, 11%), and pancreatic cysts with pancreatitis (n=8, 11%). In 39 of 74 (53%) patients no postoperative complications were noted. In detail we found that 23/42 (55%) patients with coverage vs. 16/32 (50%) without coverage of the resection margins had no postoperative complications. The most common complications were pancreatic fistulas in eleven patients (15%), and postoperative bleeding in nine patients (12%). Pancreatic fistulas occurred in patients without coverage of the resection margins in 7/32 (22%) vs. 4/42 (1011%) with coverage are of the resection margins, yet without reaching statistical significance. Postoperative bleeding ensued with equal frequency in both groups (12% with coverage versus 13% without coverage of the resection margins). The reoperation rate was 8%. The hospital stay for patients without coverage was 13 days (5-60) vs. 17 days (8-60) for patients with coverage.", "Margin status is one of the strongest prognosticators after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The clinical significance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) at a surgical margin has not been established. A total of 208 patients who underwent R0 resection for PDAC between 2004 and 2008 were selected. Intraoperative frozen section slides containing the final pancreatic parenchymal transection margin were evaluated for presence or absence, number, and grade of PanINs. Data were compared to clinicopathologic factors, including patient survival. PanIN lesions were present in margins in 107 of 208 patients (51.4%). Median number of PanINs per pancreatic resection margin was 1 (range, 1-11). A total of 72 patients had PanIN-1 (34.6%), 44 had PanIN-2 (21.1%), and 16 had PanIN-3 (7.2%) at their margin. Overall median survival was 17.9 (95% confidence interval, 14-21.9) months. Neither the presence nor absence of PanIN nor histological grade had any significant correlation with important clinicopathologic characteristics. There were no significant survival differences between patients with or without PanIN lesions at the resection margin or among patients with PanIN-3 (carcinoma in situ) versus lower PanIN grades. However, patients with R1 resection had a significantly worse outcome compared with patients without invasive cancer at a margin irrespective of the presence of PanIN (P=0.02)" ]

[ "Mitochondria are the main consumers of molecular O2 in a cell as well as an abundant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both, molecular oxygen and ROS are powerful regulators of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1-subunit (HIF-). While a number of mechanisms in the oxygen-dependent HIF- regulation are quite well known, the view with respect to mitochondria is less clear. Several approaches using pharmacological or genetic tools targeting the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) indicated that ROS, mainly formed at the Rieske cluster of complex III of the ETC, are drivers of HIF-1 activation. However, studies investigating non-ETC located mitochondrial defects and their effects on HIF-1 regulation are scarce, if at all existing. Thus, in the present study we examined three cell lines with non-ETC mitochondrial defects and focused on HIF-1 degradation and transcription, target gene expression, as well as ROS levels. We found that cells lacking the key enzyme 2-enoyl thioester reductase/mitochondrial enoyl-CoA reductase (MECR), and cells lacking manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) showed a reduced induction of HIF-1 under long-term (20h) hypoxia. By contrast, cells lacking the mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome channel protein Mpv17 displayed enhanced levels of HIF-1 already under normoxic conditions. Further, we show that ROS do not exert a uniform pattern when mediating their effects on HIF-1, although all mitochondrial defects in the used cell types increased ROS formation. Moreover, all defects caused a different HIF-1 regulation via promoting HIF-1 degradation as well as via changes in HIF-1 transcription. Thereby, MECR- and MnSOD-deficient cells showed a reduction in HIF-1 mRNA levels whereas the Mpv17 lacking cells displayed enhanced HIF-1 mRNA levels under normoxia and hypoxia. Altogether, our study shows for the first time that mitochondrial defects which are not related to the ETC and Krebs cycle contribute differently to HIF-1 regulation by affecting HIF-1 degradation and HIF-1 transcription where ROS play not a major role." ]

[ "BACKGROUND & AIMS: We previously described in cirrhosis and aging, both conditions of IGF-1 deficiency, a clear hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction with increased oxidative damage. In both conditions, the hepatic mitochondrial function was improved with low doses of IGF-1. The aim of this work was to explore if the only mere IGF-1 partial deficiency, without any exogenous insult, is responsible for hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction.METHODS: Heterozygous (igf1+/-) mice were divided into two groups: untreated and treated mice with low doses of IGF-1. WT group was used as controls. Parameters of hepatic mitochondrial function were determined by flow cytometry, antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometry, and electron chain transport enzyme levels were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. Liver expression of genes coding for proteins involved in mitochondrial protection and apoptosis was studied by microarray analysis and RT-qPCR.RESULTS: Hz mice showed a significant reduction in hepatic mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATPase activity, and an increase in intramitochondrial free radical production and proton leak rates, compared to controls. These parameters were normalized by IGF-1 replacement therapy. No significant differences were found between groups in oxygen consumption and antioxidant enzyme activities, except for catalase, whose activity was increased in both Hz groups. Relevant genes coding for proteins involved in mitochondrial protection and survival were altered in Hz group and were reverted to normal in Hz+IGF-1 group.CONCLUSIONS: The mere IGF-1 partial deficiency is per se associated with hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction sensitive to IGF-1 replacement therapy. Results in this work prove that IGF-1 is involved in hepatic mitochondrial protection, because it is able to reduce free radical production, oxidative damage and apoptosis. All these IGF-1 actions are mediated by the modulation of the expression of genes encoding citoprotective and antiapoptotic proteins.", "Apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 1 (AIFM1), encoded by the gene AIFM1, has roles in electron transport, apoptosis, ferredoxin metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation, and immune system regulation. Here we describe a patient with a novel AIFM1 variant presenting unusually early in life with mitochondrial disease, rapid deterioration, and death. Autopsy, at the age of 4 mo, revealed features of mitochondrial encephalopathy, myopathy, and involvement of peripheral nerves with axonal degeneration. In addition, there was microvesicular steatosis in the liver, thymic noninvolution, follicular bronchiolitis, and pulmonary arterial medial hypertrophy. This report adds to the clinical and pathological spectrum of disease related to AIFM1 mutations and provides insights into the role of AIFM1 in cellular function." ]

[ "The Council for National Policy (CNP), is an umbrella organization and networking group for social conservativeactivists in the United States." ]

[ "Who We Are. Who We Are. Community Network Services, Inc. (CNS) is a private non-profit human services agency that provides comprehensive behavioral health services. CNS offers a wide spectrum of community-based support services. Delivered by bachelor- and master-level counselors and psychologists.", "Computer network defense service providers (CNDSP) commonly consist of a Computer Emergency Response Team or Incident Response and Recovery Team (IRRT) and are closely associated with Network Operations and Security Center." ]

[ "Polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma is an uncommon low-grade malignant adnexal tumor with a marked predilection for the distal extremities. Histologically, the lesions are characterized by a cellular proliferation showing a combination of growth patterns, including trabecular, solid, tubular, cribriform, or adenoid cystic and pseudopapillary. The immunohistochemical and molecular profile of these tumors has not yet been properly addressed. We have studied 3 cases of polymorphous sweat gland carcinoma using a broad panel of immunohistochemical markers including cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CK5/6, MOC31, p40, p63, p16, chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD56, MIB-1, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, BER-EP4, smooth muscle actin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, CD117, S100 protein, HBME-1, DOG1, vimentin, and mammaglobin. We also examined for the MYB-NFIB fusion by fluorescent in situ hybridization (ISH) and for human papilloma virus by ISH. Our studies show that cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CK5/6, p40, p63, p16, chromogranin, and CD56 stains were positive in all 3 cases. All 3 cases were negative for MYB-NFIB fusion by fluorescent ISH which rules out adenoid cystic carcinoma. DNA ISH studies for high-risk human papilloma virus were negative in all cases. MIB-1 proliferation index was very high (30%-70% nuclear positivity), supporting a malignant phenotype. The positivity for chromogranin and CD56 suggests partial neuroendocrine differentiation. The differential diagnosis includes metastases from internal malignancies, basal cell carcinoma, and other benign and malignant adnexal neoplasms such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, ductal eccrine carcinoma, and microcystic carcinoma. Positivity for p16 in combination with chromogranin and CD56 may be potentially good markers for differentiating this tumor from other adnexal tumors." ]

[ "Sweating is an important physiological process to regulate body temperature in humans, and various disorders are associated with dysregulated sweat formation. Primary sweat secretion in human eccrine sweat glands involves Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) channels (CaCC). Recently, members of the TMEM16 family were identified as CaCCs in various secretory epithelia; however, their molecular identity in sweat glands remained elusive. Here, we investigated the function of TMEM16A in sweat glands. Gene expression analysis revealed that TMEM16A is expressed in human NCL-SG3 sweat gland cells as well as in isolated human eccrine sweat gland biopsy samples. Sweat gland cells express several previously described TMEM16A splice variants, as well as one novel splice variant, TMEM16A(ace3) lacking the TMEM16A-dimerization domain. Chloride flux assays using halide-sensitive YFP revealed that TMEM16A is functionally involved in Ca(2+) -dependent Cl(-) secretion in NCL-SG3 cells. Recombinant expression in NCL-SG3 cells showed that TMEM16A(ace3) is forming a functional CaCC, with basal and Ca(2+) -activated Cl(-) permeability distinct from canonical TMEM16A(ac). Our results suggest that various TMEM16A isoforms contribute to sweat gland-specific Cl(-) secretion providing opportunities to develop sweat gland-specific therapeutics for treatment of sweating disorders.", "The submandibular salivary gland (SMG) is one of the three major salivary glands, and is of interest for many different fields of biological research, including cell biology, oncology, dentistry, and immunology. The SMG is an exocrine gland comprised of secretory epithelial cells, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, nerves, and extracellular matrix. Dynamic cellular processes in the rat and mouse SMG have previously been imaged, mostly using inverted multi-photon microscope systems. Here, we describe a straightforward protocol for the surgical preparation and stabilization of the murine SMG in anesthetized mice for in vivo imaging with upright multi-photon microscope systems. We present representative intravital image sets of endogenous and adoptively transferred fluorescent cells, including the labeling of blood vessels or salivary ducts and second harmonic generation to visualize fibrillar collagen. In sum, our protocol allows for surgical preparation of mouse salivary glands in upright microscopy systems, which are commonly used for intravital imaging in the field of immunology." ]

[ "Venlafaxine has been shown to be associated with lung complications in the newborn when used in pregnancy. However, stoppage of this medication also can lead to relapse of depression. Therefore, you should discuss with your neurophysician as to the appropriate management to be undertaken. Do not start or stop this medication on your own. Please use folate supplements and take adequate rest." ]

[ "If you do not want this pregnancy because your child is very young, you may go for termination of pregnancy by Tab. Mifepristone and Tab. Bisoprolol. These medicines are not over the counter medicines. They should be taken by an Obstetricians prescription and advice only. They are very safe and effective medicines to terminate the pregnancy up to 9 weeks of gestation. These medicines are known cause developmental abnormalities in the baby. Hence, once these medicines are taken, you should not change the decision to continue the pregnancy. In the future, to avoid such situations, please practice reliable birth control method like birth control pills, condom or intrauterine contraceptive device", "All medications are advised with caution during pregnancy. But remain is not known to cause any complications or side effects. Only concern is it could be habit-forming, and you could get dependent on it. But if you have pills and constipation, it is advisable to take remain rather than suffer from the pills. You can get definitive treatment for piles after delivery." ]

[ "We recently demonstrated a high-dose antioxidant (AO) protocol was associated with reduction in mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AO on organ dysfunction and infectious complications following injury. High-dose AO protocol: ascorbic acid 1000 mg q 8 h, alpha-tocopherol 1000 IU q 8 h, and selenium 200 mcg qd for 7-day course. Retrospective cohort study evaluating all patients admitted after protocol implementation (AO+), October 1, 2005 to September 30, 2006. Comparison cohort (AO-): all patients admitted in the year prior to implementation, October 1, 2004 to September 30, 2005. 2272 patients included in the AO+ group, 2022 patients in the AO- group. Demographics and injury severity were similar. Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) (2.9% vs. 0.7%, <0.001), surgical site infections (2.7% vs. 1.3%, p=0.002), pulmonary failure (27.6% vs. 17.4%, p<0.001), and ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (10.8% vs. 7.1%, p<0.001) were significantly less in the AO+ group. Multivariate regression showed 53% odds reduction in abdominal wall complications and 38% odds reduction in respiratory failure in the AO+ group" ]

[ "Benefits of high ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to packed red blood cells (pRBC) in massively transfused trauma patients have been reported previously. This study aimed to assess the effect of higher FFP:pRBC ratios on outcome in patients receiving less than massive transfusion during acute trauma care. The multicenter trauma registry of the German Trauma Society (2005-2008) was retrospectively analyzed for patients aged≥16 years with an Injury Severity Score≥16 who had received multiple but not massive transfusion between emergency room arrival and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, i.e., at least 4 but less than 10 pRBC units (4≤pRBC units<10). Patients who died within 1 hour after hospital admission were excluded. Three groups were analyzed according to FFP:pRBC ratio: low (<1:1, LR), balanced (1:1, BR), and high ratio (>1:1, HR). BR was defined as pRBC units=FFP units±1 FFP unit. A total of 1,362 patients met study criteria (LR=760, BR=392, and HR=210). Patient characteristics were similar among groups. For the three groups (LR, BR, and HR) sepsis was reported in 17.1%, 18.2%, and 17.6% (p=0.9), incidence of multiple organ failure was 49.1%, 47.9%, and 52.4% (p=0.6), whereas mortality was 26.8%, 21.7%, and 15.2% (p=0.001), respectively. Ongoing pRBC-transfusion after ICU admission occurred in 68.1%, 66.7%, and 53.9% (p<0.001), respectively. ICU/hospital lengths of stay were comparable between groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified a high FFP:pRBC ratio as independent predictor for survival (odds ratio, 0.52, p=0.013)", "Until now, we routinely administered oxygen to trauma patients in prehospital settings irrespective of whether oxygen delivery affected the prognosis. To determine the necessity of prehospital oxygen administration (POA) to trauma patients, we aimed to assess whether POA contributed to in-hospital mortality.This was a multicenter propensity-matched cohort study involving 172 major emergency hospitals in Japan. During 2004 to 2010, 70,683 patients with trauma aged ?15 years were eligible for enrolment. The main outcome measures were survival until hospital discharge after POA, and propensity score analyses were used to adjust for patient factors and hospital site.Of 32,225 trauma patients, 19,985 (62.0%) were administered oxygen by the emergency medical services in prehospital settings and 12,240 (38.0%) did not receive oxygen. Overall, 29,555 patients (90.7%) survived till hospital discharge. In the multivariable unconditional logistic regression, POA had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.37; P <.001) for favorable in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, there were significant differences in all the important variables between the POA and no POA groups (P <.001); therefore, we used propensity score matching analysis. After adjustment for the covariates of selected variables, we found that POA was not associated with a higher rate of survival after hospitalization (adjusted OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04; P = .27). Even after adjustment for all covariates, POA did not improve in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.03; P = .08).In this study, POA did not improve in-hospital mortality in trauma patients. However, further studies are needed to validate our results." ]

[ "The rules and patterns of thermal losses of tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in palm oil (PO) and its effect on the qualities of PO were investigated by oven heating method. Volatilization and transformation products of TBHQ in PO were also studied in detail under heating treatment. Results showed that at low temperature (< 135C), TBHQ had better antioxidative properties, while its antioxidative potency to PO was significantly weakened at high temperature (? 135C). In addition, as heating temperatures increased and heating time prolonged, losses of TBHQ significantly increased in PO. Volatilization was the major pathway for losses of TBHQ in PO under heating treatment. Meanwhile, a small portion of TBHQ was transformed and the major transformation product was 2-tertbutyl-1,4- benzoquinone (TQ). Moreover, TQ and several decomposition products of PO were also observed in the volatilization products of TBHQ." ]

[ "This study demonstrates that 20-100 GHz range can be used for spatially-accurate focusing of heating inside the skin achieved by varying frequency and exposure beam size, as well as by enforcing air convection. The latter is also used to reduce overheating of skin surface. Heating at different skin depths depending on these parameters is investigated in detail using the hybrid bio-heat equation. In particular, it is shown that decreasing frequency and/or increasing exposure beam size at forced airflow result in elevation of heating of deeper layers of tissue and decrease of skin surface temperature. Changes of water content within 15%, which exceed those due to aging and presence of tumors, only slightly affect heating. Exposure intensity necessary to reach a target temperature significantly increases in different areas of body with elevated blood flow. Dependence on exposure intensity and hyperthermia treatment duration is also investigated and discussed. Results of this study suggest that the lower part of the millimeter-wave range is an attractive alternative for non-invasive thermal treatment of skin cancer with a high spatial resolution.", "Increasing evidence had proved the critical role of iron in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases because of its capacity to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) was a metabolite of butylated hydroxyanisole, a widely used food antioxidant. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of tBHQ on a cellular model of neurodegenerative disease, which was established in PC12cells by exposure to ferrous sulfate (FS), and elucidate the potential protective mechanisms. The results showed that FS exposure increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell apoptosis in PC12cells, accompanied by significant increases in the bax/bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 cleavage. It also enhanced the ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content (lipid peroxidation), -H2A.X formation (DNA damage), and promoted nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) activation and expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). tBHQ pretreatment alleviated FS-induced LDH release, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response by promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the protein levels of Nrf2 downstream target genes heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox-1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH): quinone oxidoreductase-1 (Nqo1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1). tBHQ alleviated the FS-induced LDH release in control siRNA-treated PC12cells, but failed to alleviate FS-induced LDH release in Nrf2 siRNA-treated cells. These findings suggested that pretreatment with tBHQ protected PC12cells from FS-induced oxidative and inflammatory injury via the Nrf2/ARE pathway. tBHQ was promising as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases induced by iron toxicity and should be encouraged for further research." ]

[ "What time zone is Minnesota in? Minnesota is in the Central Time Zone in the United States of America (USA). US Central Standard Time ( CST ) is 6 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT-6 )." ]

[ "Daylight Saving Time: Starts On March 11, 2018 at 02:00 AM Set your clock ahead 1 hour. Ends On November 4, 2018 at 02:00 AM Set your clock back 1 hour. Receive DST reminders for Minnesota, United States via email.", "Yes, Georgia is in the Eastern Time Zone and Minnesota is in the Central Time Zone; one hour difference between them." ]

[ "Phenomenon: The call component of clerkship presents students with unique opportunities and challenges. Clerkship programs employ various call modalities, including traditional call, night float, and evening call. The impact of these call models on the student experience has not been explored in depth. Approach: Focus groups were conducted with 4th-year medical students, exploring their multidimensional experiences with various call modalities during clerkship. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Thirty-nine students participated in 6 focus groups. Four overarching themes were identified: (a) educational value conferred by clinical exposure and teaching, (b) maintaining quality of life and developing features of burnout, (c) formation of professional identity via relationships with team members, and (d) perceived quality of patient care provided. Students associated evening call with burnout and poor educational value but also better patient continuity of care. Night float and traditional call contributed to a sense of team bonding and had enhanced perceived educational value while on call but resulted in loss of formal academic teaching time. Insights: Call modality impacts student learning, well-being, professional identity formation, and patient care; however, trade-off among these elements exists across all call models. Enhancing the value of student call experience may be achieved by implementation of various purposeful changes. These may include creating consistency between student and resident call schedules, maximizing recovery time between call shifts, and avoiding scheduling of students for call prior to academic sessions." ]

[ "The elderly are the most vulnerable to adverse events during and after hospitalization. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum on patient safety and transitions of care for medical students during an Internal Medicine-Geriatrics Clerkship on students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The curriculum included didactics on patient safety, health literacy, discharge planning and transitions of care, and postdischarge visits to patients. Analysis of pre- and postassessments showed afterwards students were significantly more comfortable assessing a patient's health literacy and confident performing a medication reconciliation, providing education regarding medications, and identifying barriers during transitions. More students were able to identify the most common source of adverse events after discharge (86% vs. 62% before), risk factors for low health literacy (28% vs. 14%), and ways to assess a patient's health literacy (14% vs. 2%). It was feasible to implement a postdischarge visit assignment in an urban tertiary care setting and only required on average of approximately an one and one half hours for students to complete.", "OBJECTIVE: To survey all US medical school clerkship directors (CDs) in neurology and to compare results from a similar survey in 2005.METHODS: A survey was developed by a work group of the American Academy of Neurology Undergraduate Education Subcommittee, and sent to all neurology CDs listed in the American Academy of Neurology database. Comparisons were made to a similar 2005 survey.RESULTS: Survey response rate was 73%. Neurology was required in 93% of responding schools. Duration of clerkships was 4 weeks in 74% and 3 weeks in 11%. Clerkships were taken in the third year in 56%, third or fourth year in 19%, and fourth year in 12%. Clerkship duration in 2012 was slightly shorter than in 2005 (fewer clerkships of ?4 weeks, p = 0.125), but more clerkships have moved into the third year (fewer neurology clerkships during the fourth year, p = 0.051). Simulation training in lumbar punctures was available at 44% of schools, but only 2% of students attempted lumbar punctures on patients. CDs averaged 20% protected time, but reported that they needed at least 32%. Secretarial full-time equivalent was 0.50 or less in 71% of clerkships. Eighty-five percent of CDs were \"very satisfied\" or \"somewhat satisfied,\" but more than half experienced \"burnout\" and 35% had considered relinquishing their role.CONCLUSION: Trends in neurology undergraduate education since 2005 include shorter clerkships, migration into the third year, and increasing use of technology. CDs are generally satisfied, but report stressors, including inadequate protected time and departmental support." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness of routine viral load (VL) monitoring of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on various factors that differ between settings and across time. Low-cost point-of-care (POC) tests for VL are in development and may make routine VL monitoring affordable in resource-limited settings. We developed a software tool to study the cost-effectiveness of switching to second-line ART with different monitoring strategies, and focused on POC-VL monitoring.METHODS: We used a mathematical model to simulate cohorts of patients from start of ART until death. We modeled 13 strategies (no 2nd-line, clinical, CD4 (with or without targeted VL), POC-VL, and laboratory-based VL monitoring, with different frequencies). We included a scenario with identical failure rates across strategies, and one in which routine VL monitoring reduces the risk of failure. We compared lifetime costs and averted disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). We developed an Excel tool to update the results of the model for varying unit costs and cohort characteristics, and conducted several sensitivity analyses varying the input costs.RESULTS: Introducing 2nd-line ART had an ICER of US$1651-1766/DALY averted. Compared with clinical monitoring, the ICER of CD4 monitoring was US$1896-US$5488/DALY averted and VL monitoring US$951-US$5813/DALY averted. We found no difference between POC- and laboratory-based VL monitoring, except for the highest measurement frequency (every 6 months), where laboratory-based testing was more effective. Targeted VL monitoring was on the cost-effectiveness frontier only if the difference between 1st- and 2nd-line costs remained large, and if we assumed that routine VL monitoring does not prevent failure.CONCLUSION: Compared with the less expensive strategies, the cost-effectiveness of routine VL monitoring essentially depends on the cost of 2nd-line ART. Our Excel tool is useful for determining optimal monitoring strategies for specific settings, with specific sex-and age-distributions and unit costs." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Vitamin-K antagonists (VKAs) present an effective anticoagulant treatment in deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the use of VKAs is limited because of the risk of bleeding and the necessity of frequent and long-term laboratory monitoring. Therefore, new oral anticoagulant drugs (NOACs) such as dabigatran, with lower rates of (major) intracranial bleeding compared to VKAs and not requiring monitoring, may be considered.OBJECTIVES: To estimate resource utilization and costs of patients treated with the VKAs acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon, for the indication DVT. Furthermore, a formal cost-effectiveness analysis of dabigatran compared to VKAs for DVT treatment was performed, using these estimates.METHODS: A retrospective observational study design in the thrombotic service of a teaching hospital (Deventer, The Netherlands) was applied to estimate real-world resource utilization and costs of VKA monitoring. A pooled analysis of data from RE-COVER and RE-COVER II on DVT was used to reflect the probabilities for events in the cost-effectiveness model. Dutch costs, utilities and specific data on coagulation monitoring levels were incorporated in the model. Next to the base case analysis, univariate probabilistic sensitivity and scenario analyses were performed.RESULTS: Real-world resource utilization in the thrombotic service of patients treated with VKA for the indication of DVT consisted of 12.3 measurements of the international normalized ratio (INR), with corresponding INR monitoring costs of €138 for a standardized treatment period of 180 days. In the base case, dabigatran treatment compared to VKAs in a cohort of 1,000 DVT patients resulted in savings of €18,900 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) -95,832, 151,162) and 41 (95% UI -18, 97) quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained calculated from societal perspective. The probability that dabigatran is cost-effective at a conservative willingness-to pay threshold of €20,000 per QALY was 99%. Sensitivity and scenario analyses also indicated cost savings or cost-effectiveness below this same threshold.CONCLUSIONS: Total INR monitoring costs per patient were estimated at minimally €138. Inserting these real-world data into a cost-effectiveness analysis for patients diagnosed with DVT, dabigatran appeared to be a cost-saving alternative to VKAs in the Netherlands in the base case. Cost savings or favorable cost-effectiveness were robust in sensitivity and scenario analyses. Our results warrant confirmation in other settings and locations.", "METHODS: Ninety-six-week costs for antiretroviral drugs, adverse event management, and HIV care for individuals initiating RAL, ATV/r, or DRV/r as first-line therapy for HIV-1 infection were estimated using an economic model. Efficacy and safety data (mean CD4 cell count changes, discontinuation rates, grade 3/4 adverse event incidence) for each regimen through 96 weeks of treatment were taken from the ACTG 5257 clinical trial. Antiretroviral drug costs for each initial regimen and for each substitution regimen, as used by individuals who discontinued their initial regimen, were based on wholesale acquisition costs. Adverse event management costs and HIV care costs, stratified by CD4 cell count range, were taken from published sources and inflated to 2016 dollars. Scenario and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. Cost outcomes were discounted at an annual rate of 3.0%.RESULTS: Total 96-week costs were $81,231 for RAL, $88,064 for ATV/r, and $87,680 for DRV/r, where differences were primarily due to lower antiretroviral drug costs for RAL than for ATV/r or DRV/r. These results were found to be robust in scenario and sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the DRV/r and ATV/r regimens, the RAL regimen had the lowest cost for treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 infection in the United States." ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To examine physiologic and behavioral indicators of pain within the first 24 hours following insertion of the fixed presurgical orthopedic appliance (FPOA) under general anesthesia in infants with unilateral and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate.METHODS: The study sample included 109 infants who had either a dentomaxillary appliance (DMA) or an elastomeric chain premaxillary retraction (ECPR) appliance. Vital signs and FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scores were used to measure the outcomes.RESULTS: There was an initial postoperative increase in the median heart rate. Heart rate returned to the median baseline level by 8 hours. The median systolic blood pressure increased postoperatively and remained elevated throughout the time of evaluation. The median respiratory rate remained below that at baseline throughout the study period. The highest mean change in FLACC measurements was observed approximately 2 hours postoperatively. By 3 hours postoperatively, the scores decreased.CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a large individual variability, the FLACC scores became reduced after 3 hours following surgical insertion of the DMA and the ECPR appliance." ]

[ "Objective: To explore the application value of Furlow palatoplasty in reconstruction of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after cleft palate surgery.Methods: Between August 2015 and January 2017, 48 patients with VPI after cleft palate surgery were treated with Furlow palatoplasty. There were 29 males and 19 females, aged from 4 to 17 years (mean, 6.1 years). There were 16 cases of incomplete cleft palate and 32 cases of complete cleft palate; and 16 cases of soft cleft palate and 32 cases of soft and hard cleft palate. The interval between first cleft palate surgery and Furlow palatoplasty was 3 to 13 years (mean, 5.9 years). The patients were accompanied by significant open rhinolalia and nasal leakage. The degree of velopharyngeal closure assessed by electronic nasopharyngeal fiberoptic endoscopy was grade ?. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded. The total length of palate, the length of soft palate, the depth of pharyngeal cavity, and the width of pharynx and palate arch were measured before operation and at immediate after operation, and the change of the above indexes before and after operation was calculated. According to the results of clinical assessment, the patients were allocated into three groups: velopharyngeal competence (VPC) group, marginal velopharyngeal inadequacy (MVPI) group, and VPI group. The relationship between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall was evaluated by lateral cephalometric radiographs at 3 months after operation, and the patients were allocated into complete contact group, point contact group, and non-contact group. The velopharyngeal closure was evaluated by electronic nasopharyngeal fiberoptic endoscopy (grade ?, ?, ?). Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the changes of the total length of palate, the length of soft palate, the depth of pharyngeal cavity, and the width of pharynx and palate arch before and after operation. The contact degree of soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall and the closure degree of pharynx and palate were grouped separately, and the above indexes were analyzed statistically.Results: The operation time was 35-64 minutes (mean, 41 minutes); the intraoperative blood loss was 3-10 mL (mean, 6 mL). All patients were followed up 3 months. After 3 months of operation, the clinical evaluation results were 34 cases of VPC, 7 cases of MVPI, and 7 cases of VPI. Lateral cephalometric radiographs showed that 30 cases had complete contact with the posterior pharyngeal wall, 11 cases had point contact, and 7 cases had no contact. Electronic nasopharyngeal fiberoptic endoscopy showed that the pharyngeal closure function was improved to varying degrees, 29 cases of grade ?, 12 cases of grade ?, and 7 cases of grade ?. There were significant differences in the total length of palate, the length of soft palate, the depth of pharyngeal cavity, and the width of pharynx and palate arch between pre- and post-operation ( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed a correlation between the change in the total length of palate before and after operation and the change in the length of soft palate ( r=0.448, P=0.001). There were significant differences in the changes of total length of palate, the length soft palate, and the depth of pharyngeal cavity before and after operation between VPC, MVPI, and VPI groups ( P<0.05); and there was no significant difference in the change of the width of pharynx and palate arch before and after operation between groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in the changes of total length of palate and the length soft palate before and after operation between complete contact, point contact, and non-contact groups ( P<0.05); and there was no significant difference in the change of the depth of pharyngeal cavity and the width of pharynx and palate arch before and after operation between groups ( P>0.05).Conclusion: Furlow palatoplasty can restore the VPI after cleft palate surgery, which can effectively prolong the soft palate and reduce the depth of the pharynx. It can cover the physiological and anatomical morphology of velopharyngeal closure significantly and improve the velopharyngeal function.", "OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine the operative and immediate postoperative effects of the use of a dentomaxillary appliance (DMA).DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 40 treated patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate who had a comprehensive set of pre-, peri-, and postoperative records.SETTING: Boston Children's Hospital.PATIENTS: Forty treated patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate.INTERVENTIONS: Use of DMA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome variables of interest included cleft lip width reduction following use of DMA and odds of having primary gingivoperiostetoplasty (GPP).RESULTS: The study sample included 40 subjects (31 boys and 9 girls). The average age at the time of DMA insertion was 11 weeks. The average width of the alveolar cleft prior to DMA insertion was 10.77 mm. The mean cleft width reduction was 8.66 mm. Each 1-mm increase in pre-DMA cleft width was associated with a 0.631-mm reduction in cleft width (P < .001). Thirty-three patients (82.5%) had a GPP procedure. Each 1-mm increase in post-DMA width was associated with a lower odds of having a GPP (odds ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.77, P = .01).CONCLUSIONS: Post-DMA width was the significant factor associated with the performance of GPP. The use of DMA is associated with a significant reduction in the width of the cleft, and outcomes are predictable without any major adverse events or complications." ]

[ "Wells was very surprised." ]

[ "Wells wasn't surprised at all." ]

[ "Ceritinib, an ALK inhibitor, was hurriedly approved by the US FDA last year, and demonstrates impressive results in EML4-ALK positive patients. To get a superior ALK inhibitor, we synthesized several ceritinib derivatives with minor modifications to the phenylpiperidine moiety. Biochemical and cellular assays demonstrated the improved activity of KRCA-386 over that of ceritinib. KRCA-386 has superior inhibitory activity against ALK mutants commonly found in crizotinib-resistant patients. Particularly, KRCA-386 has considerably greater activity than ceritinib against the G1202R mutant, one of the most challenging mutations to overcome. The cell cycle analysis indicates that ALK inhibitors induce G1/S arrest, resulting in apoptosis. The in vivo xenograft data also demonstrate that KRCA-386 is significantly better than ceritinib. KRCA-386 dosed at 25 mpk caused 105% tumor growth inhibition (TGI) compared to 72% TGI with ceritinib dosed at 25 mpk. (n = 8, P = 0.010) The kinase profiling assay revealed that several kinases, which are known to be critical for tumor growth, are inhibited by KRCA-386, but not by ceritinib. We anticipate that this characteristic of KRCA-386 enhances its in vivo efficacy. In addition, KRCA-386 shows excellent blood brain barrier penetration compared to ceritinib. These results suggest that KRCA-386 could be useful for crizotinib-resistant patients with brain metastases." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: We report the re-biopsied diagnosis of a patient with anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-positive lung adenocarcinoma successfully treated with ceritinib 450mg/day taken with food following disease progression and gastrointestinal intolerance to crizotinib.CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year old female patient initially diagnosed with ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma responded to initial standard chemotherapy. The patient was subsequently re-tested by next generation sequencing (NGS) and found to have ALK EIF2AK3-ALK fusion, and responded to crizotinib, but ultimately progressed and showed intolerance to this ALK inhibitor. She was then successfully treated with ceritinib 450mg/day taken with food, has not suffered from any further gastrointestinal side-effects, and remains on ceritinib treatment after 12months.CONCLUSIONS: Second-line ceritinib treatment, when administered at 450mg/day with food, is both well tolerated and efficacious in a patient with previously treated lung adenocarcinoma who had discontinued crizotinib due to disease progression and gastrointestinal adverse effects (AEs).", "RATIONALE: The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has now changed dramatically in recent years and anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) inhibitors are developing rapidly.PATIENT CONCERNS: Here we reported a 57-year-old ALK-positive NSCLC man with brain metastases.DIAGNOSES: A case of lung adenocarcinoma with brain metastases.INTERVENTIONS: Crizotinib was administered orally at a dose of 250mg twice a day until the brain metastases were found. Treatment with orally administered ceritinib at a dose of 450mg/d was initiated after crizotinib treatment.OUTCOMES: The patient is currently receiving maintenance ceritinib treatment, with no evidence of extracranial or intracranial tumor progression for 25 months.LESSONS: Ceritinib may be a good choice for ALK-positive NSCLC patients with brain metastases who acquire resistance to crizotinib." ]

[ "February is the busiest (and the warmest, with an average temperature of 27°C) time of year in Rio de Janeiro, as the city welcomes the Rio Carnival. This is arguably the most well-known carnival in the world, as well as the biggest with no fewer than two million people joining in the celebrations on each of the five days of the event." ]

[ "Rio Carnival starts on Friday and ends on Wednseday, as well as Brazilian Carnival.[1] Therefore, it lasts six days. If you’re asking about the Parade of the Samba Schools in Rio, it lasts only two days, usually 3th and 4th days of Carnival (Sunday and Monday).", "Rio Carnival starts on Friday and ends on Wednseday, as well as Brazilian Carnival. Therefore, it lasts six days. If you’re asking about the Parade of the Samba Schools in Rio, it lasts only two days, usually 3th and 4th days of Carnival (Sunday and Monday)." ]

[ "Definition of Empty Set. An Empty Set is a set with no elements. It can be symbolized by {} or ø. The solution set for an equation that has no solution is also called an empty set.It is also called a null set. A = {2, 6, 8} and B = {3, 5, 7}. Let C represent the intersection of the sets A and B. C = {}, a null set, because there is no element common between the two sets." ]

[ "Nonempty Set. A nonempty set is a set containing one or more elements. Any set other than the empty set is therefore a nonempty set. Nonempty sets are sometimes also called nonvoid sets (Graetzer grätzer, 1971. p). 6 a nonempty set containing a single element is called a singleton. set", "Let X be a non-empty set and [mu] be a collection of subsets of X. A non-empty set M is said to be a l-module over a ring R, if it is equipped with the binary operation +, s. 2 [11]: A fuzzy relation on a finite and non-empty set V is a map [rho] V x V [right arrow] [0,1]. Definition 1: An ordered pair (S, -), with S a non-empty set and - being a binary operation on S, is called a subtractive groupoid if (1." ]

[ "a young lady is taking a picture" ]

[ "the young lady is taking a nice bath" ]

[ "British colonization of the Americas British colonization of the Americas (including colonization by both the English and the Scots) began in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia, and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The English, and later the British, were among the most important colonizers of the Americas, and their American empire came to surpass the Spanish American colonies in military and economic might. Three types of colonies were established in the English overseas possessions in America of the 17th century and continued into the British Empire at the height of its power in the 17th" ]

[ "attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of joint-stock companies, most notably the East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade. This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the \"\"First British Empire\"\". The Caribbean initially", "17th century among the English, French, and Dutch colonists. In 1614, Dutch explorer Adriaen Block traveled along the coast of Long Island Sound and then up the Connecticut River as far as Hartford, Connecticut. By 1623, the Dutch West India Company regularly traded for furs there, and they eventually fortified it for protection from the Pequot Indians and named the site \"\"House of Hope\"\" (also identified as \"\"Fort Hoop,\"\" \"\"Good Hope,\"\" and \"\"Hope\"\"). A group of Puritans known as the Pilgrims arrived on the \"\"Mayflower\"\" from England and the Netherlands to establish Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, the second successful English" ]

[ "Two men are playing trumpets together." ]

[ "A group of women are dancing outside." ]

[ "The man is outside." ]

[ "A woman jogs." ]

[ "This is the first reported case of an enterocutaneous fistula as a late complication to reconstruction of the pelvic floor with a Permacol™ mesh after a perineal hernia. A 70-year-old man had a reconstruction of the pelvic floor with a biological mesh because of a perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. Nine months after the perineal hernia operation, the patient had multiple metastases in both lungs and liver. The patient underwent chemotherapy, including bevacizumab, irinotecan, calcium folinate, and fluorouracil. Six weeks into chemotherapy, the patient developed signs of sepsis and complained of pain from the right buttock. Ultrasound examination revealed an abscess, which was drained, guided by ultrasound. A computed tomography scan showed a subcutaneous abscess cavity located in the right buttock with communication to the small bowel. Operative findings confirmed a perineal fistula from the distal ileum to perineum. A resection of the small bowel with primary anastomosis was performed. The postoperative course was complicated by fluid and electrolyte disturbances, but the patient was stabilized and finally discharged to a hospice for terminal care after 28 days of hospital stay. It seems that hernia repairs with biological meshes have lower erosion and infection rates compared with synthetic meshes, and so far, evidence suggests that biological grafts are safe and effective in the treatment of pelvic floor reconstruction. There have been no reports of enteric fistulas after pelvic reconstruction with biological meshes. However, the development of intestinal fistulas after chemotherapy with bevacizumab has been described in the literature. Our case report supports this association between bevacizumab and fistula formation among rectal cancer patients, as symptoms of a fistula started only 6 weeks into bevacizumab treatment but approximately 12 months after the perineal hernia operation, even after pelvic reconstruction using a biological mesh and without local recurrence." ]

[ "BACKGROUND Several synthetic meshes are available to reinforce the inguinal region following laparoscopic hernia reduction. We sought to compare postoperative pain of patients who underwent laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy using self-adhering polyester mesh to those who had non-adhering, synthetic mesh implanted using absorbable tacks. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent primary laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy at the Medical College of Wisconsin between October 2012 and July 2014. Clinical information and perioperative pain scores using the visual analog scale (VAS) were obtained to evaluate immediate pre and postoperative pain. RESULTS A total of 98 patients (88 male) underwent laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy during the study interval. Forty-two patients received self-adhering mesh and 56 patients received mesh secured with tacks. Patient demographics and comorbidities did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no difference in preoperative VAS scores between groups. The self-adhering mesh patients had a lower mean VAS change score (less pain). Postoperative complications did not differ between groups apart from a higher observed incidence of seroma in the self-adhering mesh group (p = 0.04). No hernias recurred in either group during the study interval. CONCLUSIONS Self-adhering mesh in laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy resulted in less immediate postoperative pain than tacked mesh as demonstrated by VAS score. Postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. The results of this study demonstrate that laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy using self-adhering mesh is comparable to tacked mesh in regards to short-term complication rates, but show a favorable advantage in regards to immediate postoperative pain.", "BACKGROUND A rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is a debilitating condition that is difficult to treat. Many available techniques are invasive and involve extensive surgery. A local procedure with good closure rates would be preferable as a first step in the treatment of RVF. The aim of this study was the development of a local technique for the closure of RVF with good closure rates to prevent the use of more invasive procedures. METHODS This was a pilot study. Patients with RVF who had undergone multiple operations in the pelvic area, local radiotherapy, chemotherapy or had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease were included in the study. All had a history of surgery for RVF. A cross-linked collagen matrix biomesh was placed in the rectovaginal septum using a transperineal or a transvaginal approach. The main outcome measure in this study was the closure rate reported as absence of the fistula at 1 year. RESULTS Twelve patients were included in the study. Absence of fistula at 1 year was 0.64 (95 % confidence interval 0.30-0.85). Three patients (25.0 %) developed a recurrence, two were reoperated on with a gracilis flap transposition, and one was treated with laparoscopic ligation. In one patient (8.3 %), the fistula failed to close within 3 months after the mesh placement. CONCLUSIONS Our technique shows promising results. A local and simple technique with acceptable closure and morbidity rates, like our local repair with biomesh, would be ideal as a first step in treating RVFs. Long-term results are needed." ]

[ "In terms of their applicability to the field of tropical medicine, geographical information systems (GIS) have developed enormously in the last two decades. This article reviews some of the pertinent and representative applications of GIS, including the use of such systems and remote sensing for the mapping of Chagas disease and human helminthiases, the use of GIS in vaccine trials, and the global applications of GIS for health-information management, disease epidemiology, and pandemic planning. The future use of GIS as a decision-making tool and some barriers to the widespread implementation of such systems in developing settings are also discussed." ]

[ "Investigations of infectious disease outbreaks are conventionally framed in terms of person, time and place. Although geographic information systems have increased the range of tools available, spatial analyses are used relatively infrequently. We conducted a systematic review of published reports of outbreak investigations worldwide to estimate the prevalence of spatial methods, describe the techniques applied and explore their utility. We identified 80 reports using spatial methods published between 1979 and 2013, ca 0.4% of the total number of published outbreaks. Environmental or waterborne infections were the most commonly investigated, and most reports were from the United Kingdom. A range of techniques were used, including simple dot maps, cluster analyses and modelling approaches. Spatial tools were usefully applied throughout investigations, from initial confirmation of the outbreak to describing and analysing cases and communicating findings. They provided valuable insights that led to public health actions, but there is scope for much wider implementation and development of new methods.", "During the epidemics of COVID-19, the whole world is experiencing a serious crisis on public health and economy. Detailed information in the behavior of residents during epidemic benefits emergency management when one tries to design intervention strategies and resilience measures. From the perspective of movements, the widely used Bike Sharing System (BSS) in China is capable of characterizing the behavior patterns over time&space within big cities. Although share bikes are playing an important role as data sources in data mining, they could be of help but are rarely reported in pandemic-related researches. Based on the share bike records in Beijing, we constructed a behavior pattern analysis framework, then analyzed the spatiotemporal behavior patterns of residents, figured out the key time nodes of different pandemic periods, and demonstrated the variations in mobility due to the onset of the COVID-19 threat and administrative restrictions. The impact of the pandemic was assessed by performing co-location analysis between share bike usage and POIs (Point Of Interest). Classification of POIs is helpful to distinguish the behavior patterns generated by various the productive and social activities. Discussions with evolving confirmed COVID-19 cases suggest the effectiveness and necessity of the public interventions in the COVID-19 containment during the resilience period. These findings provide critical information on how to respond to the current COVID-19 outbreak and other epidemic events." ]

[ "G.fast technology. G.fast is a fiber-to-the node (FTTN) DSL technology that has obtained accelerated speeds of 170 Mbps over a quarter mile in the lab, and 1 Gbps over a less-usable 100 yards in the same setting. It works best over short distances." ]

[ "Charter Spectrum Internet ™ Now 20x Faster than DSL**. Charter has increased all the speeds of their Internet plans and is making them available at very accessible prices. With speeds of up to 60 Mbps † available, you’re able to surf, stream videos, play online, connect multiple devices and much more.", "If my speed is 1.5 Mbps, then I would think I'd see a difference in speed if I upgrade to 3.0 Mbps, but if it's 54, 72, and 100 respectively, I don't think I'd see any difference, would I, since Wireless-G can only go up to 54 and the E1000 router only has 10/100 ports." ]

[ " An index is a schema object that contains an entry for each value that appears in the indexed column(s) of the table or cluster and provides direct, fast access to rows. Oracle Database supports several types of index: Normal indexes. (By default, Oracle Database creates B-tree indexes.)" ]

[ " INDEX returns the value of a cell in a table based on the column and row number. MATCH returns the position of a cell in a row or column. Combining these two functions we can look up a value both horizontally and vertically.", " The index() method is similar to find() method for strings. The only difference is that find() method returns -1 if the substring is not found, whereas index() throws an exception." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: Optimal procedure endpoints of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) are not defined and multiple repeat procedures are sometimes required. However, there are few studies to compare the details of repeat procedures to the initial procedure. The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of clinical and induced VT throughout multiple procedures and clarify their relations.METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 425 consecutive patients with structural heart disease who underwent catheter VT ablation, second, third and fourth procedures were performed in 101, 23, and 5 patients, respectively. Of 227 VTs that were induced during the second procedure, 68 (30%) VTs had previously been induced at the first procedure. In multivariable analysis, identification of an exit/isthmus site (HR = 0.29, P = 0.047), early termination of VT during radiofrequency application (HR 0.11, P = 0.037) and elimination of target VT at the end of first procedure (HR = 0.43, P = 0.036) were independently associated with noninducibility of the same VT at the second procedure. Over the course of multiple procedures the mean VT cycle length gradually lengthened (381 107, 413 111, 460 124, 507 99 milliseconds in first, second, third, and fourth procedure, respectively, P < 0.001) and more induced VTs became mappable (32%, 40%, 62%, and 70% in first, second, third, and fourth procedure, respectively, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Identification and ablation of VT exit/isthmus, early termination of VT during radiofrequency application and elimination of targeted VT are associated with absence of that VT during a repeat procedure, and recurrences are then mostly due to new VTs or other VTs that were not induced at the first procedure." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The role and optimal sequence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) induction, mapping, and ablation when combined with substrate modification is unclear.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the benefits of starting the scar-related VT ablation procedure with substrate modification vs the standard protocol of VT induction, mapping, and ablation as the first step.METHODS: Forty-eight consecutive patients with structural heart disease and clinical VTs were randomized to simplified substrate ablation procedure with scar dechanneling as the first step (group 1, n = 24) or standard procedure with VT induction, mapping, and ablation followed by scar dechanneling (group 2, n = 24). Procedure and fluoroscopy times, the need for external cardioversion, acute results, and VT recurrence during follow-up were compared between groups.RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy, 10 nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and 1 arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Before substrate ablation, 32 VTs were induced and targeted for ablation in 23 patients of group 2. Procedure time (209 70 minutes vs 262 63 minutes; P = .009), fluoroscopy time (14 6 minutes vs 21 9 minutes; P = .005), and electrical cardioversion (25% vs 54%; P = .039) were lower in group 1. After substrate ablation, 16 patients (66%) of group 1 and 12 patients (50%) of group 2 were noninducible (P = .242). End-procedure success (after residual inducible VT ablation) was achieved in 87.5% and 70.8% of patients, respectively (P = .155). There were no differences in VT recurrence rate between groups during a mean follow-up of 22 14 months (log rank, P = .557).CONCLUSION: VT induction and mapping before substrate ablation prolongs the procedure, radiation exposure, and the need for electrical cardioversion without improving acute results and long-term ablation outcomes.", "BACKGROUND: The effects of varying the wavefront of activation on ventricular scar characterization has not been systematically assessed.METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients referred for ablation of scar-related ventricular tachycardia underwent voltage maps during a minimum of 2 wavefronts of activation. The bipolar and unipolar low-voltage areas were compared, and direct electrogram analysis was performed in regions where discrepancies were seen. Concordance between wavefronts was measured by calculating percentage of overlap between maps. Sixty endocardial voltage maps (360147 points) were performed in 29 patients during 2 distinct wavefronts, with 3 wavefronts in 7 patients. With median bipolar and unipolar low-voltage areas of 37 and 116 cm(2), respectively, 22% and 14% variability in median scar area was observed with a different activation wavefront. Concordance between wavefronts was lower in patients with mixed scar compared to those with dense scar (52% [interquartile range, 29%-70%] versus 84% [interquartile range, 71%-87%]), with septal scars exhibiting the lowest concordance [(27% (interquartile range, 21%-56%)]. Among 16 critical sites for ventricular tachycardia, 3 (18%) were in a discordant region of scar, with one of the wavefronts showing voltage >1.5 mV.CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in bipolar and unipolar low-voltage characterization of scar were observed with different ventricular activation wavefronts, particularly in septal locations and in patients without dense scar. In patients with a paucity of dense, low-voltage regions identified during substrate mapping, an alternate activation wavefront may increase the sensitivity to detect arrhythmogenic substrate and critical sites for ventricular tachycardia." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of a hyporeflective space between hyperreflective materials in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and Bruch's membrane in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) or swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).METHODS: Among 223 patients with neovascular AMD, 227 eyes were studied retrospectively. Using SD-OCT or SS-OCT, we reviewed clinical characteristics of the space.RESULTS: Twenty-two (10%) of the 227 eyes showed a space between hyperreflective materials in PED and Bruch's membrane. In all spaces, fibrovascular changes of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) membrane were seen on funduscopy, with OCT images showing the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) above the space adhering tightly and continuously to the CNV membranes. Nineteen (86%) of the 22 eyes with this cleft also had serous retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema. Five eyes (23%) had an RPE tear during follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: A hyporeflective space between hyperreflective materials in PED and Bruch's membrane sometimes appears in neovascular AMD. The appearance of such a space may indicate residual activities of the hyperreflective materials." ]

[ "Background The aim of the following extended case study was to analyse whether choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in vascularised epithelial detachments (PED) in OCT angiography (OCT-A) can be better visualised in OCT-A than in the established angiographic methods during the course of anti-VEGF therapy and if possible used to quantify the CNV size and flow area. These findings were compared with other SD-OCT characteristics of the lesion (PED height, retinal thickness). Patients and Methods 8 patients with PED and associated CNV were diagnosed with multimodal imaging and additionally OCT angiography was performed. The CNV region in the B-scan of the OCT-A was detected with a fine segmentation setting (20 m) parallel and just below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The CNV area was manually marked, and the size of the CNV and the vessel section (flow area) were analysed with the evaluation tool of the device. This measurement was performed both initially and after anti-VEGF therapy (3 injections). At the same time, the visual acuity (logMAR) and the SD-OCT parameters of PED height and retinal thickness were determined before and after therapy and also statistically compared. Results Initially, the size of CNV in OCT-A showed a large phenotypic range of variation (0.33 - 1.35 mm2, mean 0.71 mm2). This decreased significantly under therapy (after therapy 0.44 - 0.84 mm2, mean 0.57 mm2, p = 0.02). The proportion of the vessels analysed within the CNV (flow area) varied as well (0.21 - 0.88 mm2, mean 0.45) and decreased under therapy (0.08 - 0.44 mm2 after therapy), mean 0.27 mm2, p = 0.07). The height of PED in SD-OCT was initially different (initially 274 - 1459 m, mean 607 m), but showed only small changes (132 - 1317 m, mean 524 m, p = 0.09) under therapy. This also applied to the mean retinal thickness (before therapy 315 m, after therapy 294 m, p = 0.5). Mean visual acuity also improved only slightly (p = 0.7) after therapy. from initially 0.51 to 0.45 logMAR. Conclusions The combination of SD-OCT and OCT-A offers significantly improved visualisation and quantification of CNV in a vascularised PED. With the help of OCT-A imaging, changes in the perfusion/size of the CNV can be quantified. Together with the retinal activity signs, this allows a second activity assessment of the CNV under anti-VEGF therapy. Due to its three-dimensional structure, especially for this subtype of the exudative AMD, it is of the utmost importance to develop three-dimensional imaging for both structural SD-OCT and the OCT-A.", "Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of vision loss in many retinal diseases. Hypoxia is determined to be a key inducer of CNV and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an important transcription factor. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the synthesis of proangiogenic cytokines make great contributions to the development of CNV. In the present study, the role of HIF-1 signaling in the regulation of angiogenin (ANG) expression and EMT in hypoxic retinal pigment epithelial cells was investigated. A significant elevation expression of ANG expression level in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV was demonstrated. In a hypoxic model of ARPE-19, an increased expression level of ANG and induction of EMT accompanied with stabilization and nucleus translocation of HIF-1. Blockage of HIF-1 signaling resulted in inhibition of high expression of ANG and EMT features. The direct interaction between HIF-1 and ANG promoter region was identified by ChIP-qPCR. The association of RNase 4 mRNA level with HIF-1 signaling was also clarified in APRE-19. Moreover, the exogenous ANG translocated into the nucleus, enhanced 45S rRNA transcription, promoted cell proliferation and tube formation in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, the hypoxic conditions regulate the expression of ANG and EMT via an activation of HIF-1 signaling. It provides molecular evidence for potential therapy strategies of treating CNV." ]

[ "Indiscriminate use of antibiotics globally has lead to an increase in emergence of drug-resistant pathogens under both nosocomial, as well as more worryingly, in community setting as well. Further, a decrease in the corporate interest and financial commitment has exerted increasing pressure on a rapidly dwindling antimicrobial drug discovery and developmental program. In this context, we have screened the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds (LOPAC, Sigma) against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify potent novel antimicrobial molecules amongst non-antibiotic molecules. Microplate-based whole cell growth assay was performed to analyze the antimicrobial potency of the compounds against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We identified diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a potent inhibitor of NADH/NADPH oxidase, as a broad-spectrum antibiotic potently active against drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Intriguingly, the diphenyleneiodonium chloride was also very effective against slow-growing non-replicating Mtb persisters. FIC index demonstrated a strongly synergistic interaction between diphenyleneiodonium chloride and Rifampicin while it did not interact with INH. The antimicrobial property of the diphenyleneiodonium chloride was further validated in vivo murine neutropenic thigh S. aureus infection model. Taken together, these findings suggest that Diphenyleneiodonium chloride can be potentially repurposed for the treatment of tuberculosis and staphylococcal infections." ]

[ "The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), triantibiotic mixture (TAM), and CH in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or colchicine (COL) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in surface and deep dentinal tubules. Seventy five fresh single-rooted human teeth were infected and divided into five experimental groups (n=15). The experimental groups were treated with CH+distilled water, CH+CHX, CH+NaOCl, CH+COL+distilled water and TAM+distilled water. Dentin chips obtained from surface and deep dentin of these root canals were prepared and analyzed by counting the number of colony forming units. There was significant difference between groups in the surface dentin (p<0.05). TAM showed higher antibacterial activity compared to CH-containing groups. There was no significant difference between TAM and CH-containing groups in the deep dentin (p>0.05). CH-containing medications and TAM can be used as effective disinfectants in treatment of infected root canals.", "In response to the urgent need for new antibiotic development strategies, antimicrobial peptides and their synthetic mimetics are being investigated as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. To facilitate their development into clinically viable candidates, we need to understand what molecular features and physicochemical properties are needed to induce cell death. Within the context of sequence-defined oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs), we explore the impact of the cationic pendant group and backbone hydrophobicity on the potency and selectivity of antibacterial oligoTEAs. Through antibacterial, cytotoxicity, membrane destabilization, and membrane depolarization assays, we find a strong dependency on the nature of the cationic group and improved selectivity toward bacteria by tuning backbone hydrophobicity. In particular, compounds with the guanidinium headgroup are more potent than those with amines. Finally, we identify a promising oligoTEA, PDT-4G, with enhanced activity in vitro (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ? 0.78 M) and moderate activity in a mouse thigh infection model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The studies outlined in this work provide insights into the effect of macromolecular physicochemical properties on antibacterial potency. This knowledge base will be vital for researchers engaged in the ongoing development of clinically viable antibacterial agents." ]

[ "Genes encoding the circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of mammals have recently been identified, but the molecular basis of circadian timing in peripheral tissue is not well understood. We used a custom-made cDNA microarray to identify mouse liver transcripts that show circadian cycles of abundance under constant conditions. Using two independent tissue sampling and hybridization regimes, we show that approximately 9% of the 2122 genes studied show robust circadian cycling in the liver. These transcripts were categorized by their phase of abundance, defining clusters of day- and night-related genes, and also by the function of their products. Circadian regulation of genes was tissue specific, insofar as novel rhythmic liver genes were not necessarily rhythmic in the brain, even when expressed in the SCN. The rhythmic transcriptome in the periphery is, nevertheless, dependent on the SCN because surgical ablation of the SCN severely dampened or destroyed completely the cyclical expression of both canonical circadian genes and novel genes identified by microarray analysis" ]

[ "Human CYP2A6 (Cyp2a5 in mice) plays an important role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and chemicals. Here, we investigated a potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ã (Ppar-ã) in circadian regulation of the Cyp2a5 enzyme. We first showed that Cyp2a5 mRNA and protein in mouse liver displayed robust circadian oscillations. Consistent with a circadian protein pattern, Cyp2a5-mediated 7-hydroxylation of coumarin was circadian time-dependent. Formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin was more extensive at a dosing time of Zeitgeber time 2 (ZT2) than that at ZT14. Interestingly, the nuclear receptor Ppar-ã was also a circadian gene. Circadian Ppar-ã protein level was strongly correlated with the Cyp2a5 mRNA level (r = 0.989). Furthermore, Ppar-ã activation (by a selective agonist, rosiglitazone) upregulated Cyp2a5 expression in Hepa-1c1c7 cells, whereas Ppar-ã knockdown downregulated Cyp2a5 expression. Also, Ppar-ã knockdown blunted the rhythmicity of Cyp2a5 mRNA in serum-shocked Hepa-1c1c7 cells. In addition, a combination of promoter truncation analysis, mobility shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Ppar-ã directly bound to a PPAR response element (i.e., the -1418- to -1396-bp region) within Cyp2a5 promoter and activated the gene transcription. Taken together, Ppar-ã was a transcriptional activator of Cyp2a5, and its rhythmic expression contributed to circadian expression of Cyp2a5.", "The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the ventral hypothalamus, is a major regulator of circadian rhythms in mammals and birds. However, the role of the SCN in lower vertebrates remains poorly understood. Zebrafish cyclops (cyc) mutants lack ventral brain, including the region that gives rise to the SCN. We have used cyc embryos to define the function of the zebrafish SCN in regulating circadian rhythms in the developing pineal organ. The pineal organ is the major source of the circadian hormone melatonin, which regulates rhythms such as daily rest/activity cycles. Mammalian pineal rhythms are controlled almost exclusively by the SCN. In zebrafish and many other lower vertebrates, the pineal has an endogenous clock that is responsible in part for cyclic melatonin biosynthesis and gene expression. We find that pineal rhythms are present in cyc mutants despite the absence of an SCN. The arginine vasopressin-like protein (Avpl, formerly called Vasotocin) is a peptide hormone expressed in and around the SCN. We find avpl mRNA is absent in cyc mutants, supporting previous work suggesting the SCN is missing. In contrast, expression of the putative circadian clock genes, cryptochrome 1b (cry1b) and cryptochrome 3 (cry3), in the brain of the developing fish is unaltered. Expression of two pineal rhythmic genes, exo-rhodopsin (exorh) and serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (aanat2), involved in photoreception and melatonin synthesis, respectively, is also similar between cyc embryos and their wildtype (WT) siblings. The timing of the peaks and troughs of expression are the same, although the amplitude of expression is slightly decreased in the mutants. Cyclic gene expression persists for two days in cyc embryos transferred to constant light or constant dark, suggesting a circadian clock is driving the rhythms. However, the amplitude of rhythms in cyc mutants kept in constant conditions decreased more quickly than in their WT siblings" ]

[ "Origanum vulgare is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used since ancient times as an additive in foods and cosmetic preparations. The possible application of O. vulgare extracts in fish was assessed by using gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as a marine fish model due to its importance in aquaculture. The in vitro effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of O. vulgare were tested in order to observe any immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal or antioxidant properties. The results showed that medium or high concentration of aqueous extracts and low concentrations of ethanolic extract, increased head kidney leucocyte activities as well as the number of SAF-1 cells. However, moderate to high concentrations of ethanolic extracts decreased both leucocyte activities and the number of viable SAF-1 cells, suggesting some possible toxic effect towards them. Only the highest concentration of the aqueous extract and medium to high concentrations of the ethanolic extracts showed cytotoxic activity against the tumor PLHC-1 cell line. Bactericidal activity was only detected against Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae when using the highest concentration of aqueous extract and moderate to high concentrations of ethanolic extract. Finally, both plant extracts presented antioxidant activity particularly the aqueous extract. Overall, the results suggest that both extracts (when used at the appropriate concentration) have immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant properties, making O. vulgare an interesting candidate for incorporation as additive in functional diets for farmed fish." ]

[ "This study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial effect of olive oil polyphenol extract (OOPE) against vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw milk and reveal the possible antibacterial mechanism. The diameter of inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and survival counts of bacterial cells in sterile normal saline and pasteurized milk were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of OOPE against B. cereus vegetative cells. The changes in intracellular ATP concentration, cell membrane potential, content of bacterial protein, and cell morphology were analyzed to reveal possible mechanisms of action. Our results showed the diameter of inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration of OOPE against B. cereus vegetative cells were 18.44 0.55 mm, 0.625 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Bacillus cereus GF-1 vegetative cells were decreased to undetectable levels from about 8 log cfu/mL after treatments with 0.625 mg/mL of OOPE in normal saline at 30C for 3 h and in pasteurized milk at 30C for 10 h. The antibacterial mechanisms of OOPE against B. cereus GF-1 vegetative cells may be due to the reduction of intracellular ATP concentrations, cell membrane depolarization, decrease of bacterial protein content, and leakage from cytoplasm. These findings illustrated that OOPE could be used to prevent the growth of contaminating B. cereus cells in dairy products.", "Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) has been demonstrated to extend the shelf-life of food products, being also a potential source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research was to optimize the ultrasound assisted extraction employing -cyclodextrin aqueous solutions as no-contaminant technology and Response Surface Methodology to obtain thyme extracts with the maximum antioxidant capacity. The optimal extraction conditions were: a solution of -ciclodextrin 15 mM, an ultrasonic treatment time of 5.9 min at a temperature of 36.6 C. They resulted in an extract with a polyphenolic content of 189.3 mg GAE/mL, an antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 14.8 mg GAE/mL, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of 3.3 mg GAE/mL. Interestingly, the extract demonstrated to inhibit the production of Maillard browning products and can be considered a potential antiglycant agent. The obtained data is important for developing eco-friendly technologies in order to obtain natural antioxidant extracts with a potential inhibitory capacity of Maillard glycation reaction." ]

[ "ADHD is a lifelong disorder. ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder, which can affect children, adolescents and adults. The neurobiology of ADHD is highly complex ADHD has a neurobiological basis which is under investigation. Studies have shown changes in structure and reduction in the volume of several regions of the brain." ]

[ "But ADHD is used so broadly these days, I am actually not sure what it means. If it is a mental illness, it is a good thing from an insurance perspective-as most health insurance policies do not cover diagnosis or treatment of learning disabilities, only illnesses. So to play the game, and get your psychiatrist and medication paid for-call it an illness.", "Individuals with ADHD can be very successful in life. However, without identification and proper treatment, ADHD may have serious consequences, including school failure, family stress and disruption, depression, problems with relationships, substance abuse, delinquency, accidental injuries and job failure. Early identification and treatment are extremely important." ]

[ "OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease. However, effective treatments for PAH are rare. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of rapamycin on PAH in the carotid artery-jugular vein (CA-JV) shunt PAH rat model as well as the mechanism underlying these effects.METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the following 3 groups: a control group, a CA-JV shunt group and a treatment group. Rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day) was administered to the treatment group, and placebo was administered to the CA-JV shunt group. Haemodynamic evaluations, pulmonary tissue samplings for morphometry and immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on PAH.RESULTS: Rapamycin attenuated the increase of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVSP: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.017; RV: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.022), as well as the intrapulmonary vessel thickening (thickness index: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.028; area index: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.014), induced by overcirculation of the pulmonary vasculature in the CA-JV shunt-induced PAH rat model. Rapamycin decreased the expression level of the indicated cell proliferation marker (-smooth muscle actin) in the lung vessel and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway components (p-mTOR: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.004; p-Raptor: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.000; p-S6K1: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.000; p-Akt: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.001; p-Rheb: CA-JV vs CA-JV + rapamycin, P = 0.000) in pulmonary tissue.CONCLUSIONS: Rapamycin reduced pulmonary vascular remodelling by inhibiting cell proliferation via Akt/mTOR signalling pathway down-regulation in the CA-JV shunt-induced PAH model in rats. Thus, rapamycin may be a novel candidate drug for the treatment of PAH." ]

[ "BACKGROUND: The vascular remodeling responsible for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves predominantly the accumulation of -smooth muscle actin-expressing mesenchymal-like cells in obstructive pulmonary vascular lesions. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) may be a source of those -smooth muscle actin-expressing cells.METHODS AND RESULTS: In situ evidence of EndoMT in human PAH was obtained by using confocal microscopy of multiple fluorescent stainings at the arterial level, and by using transmission electron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy at the ultrastructural level. Findings were confirmed by in vitro analyses of human PAH and control cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein signature of EndoMT was recognized at the arterial and lung level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. We confirmed our human observations in established animal models of pulmonary hypertension (monocrotaline and SuHx). After establishing the first genetically modified rat model linked to BMPR2 mutations (BMPR2(140Ex1/+) rats), we demonstrated that EndoMT is linked to alterations in signaling of BMPR2, a gene that is mutated in 70% of cases of familial PAH and in 10% to 40% of cases of idiopathic PAH. We identified molecular actors of this pathological transition, including twist overexpression and vimentin phosphorylation. We demonstrated that rapamycin partially reversed the protein expression patterns of EndoMT, improved experimental PAH, and decreased the migration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, providing the proof of concept that EndoMT is druggable.CONCLUSIONS: EndoMT is linked to alterations in BPMR2 signaling and is involved in the occlusive vas cular remodeling of PAH, findings that may have therapeutic implications.", "Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been reported to be a severe adverse event associated with dasatinib therapy. Among the 76 chronic myeloid patients who were treated with dasatinib at our hospital, six patients showed high estimated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, as observed by echocardiography. PAH was confirmed using right heart catheterization in three (3.9%) patients with increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). In one patient, although mPAP was higher than the normal range, it did not fulfill the criteria of pulmonary hypertension. After the discontinuation of dasatinib, BNP and dyspnea were improved in five patients. Therefore, it should be noted that dasatinib can cause PAH at higher rates than those reported previously, and if PAH is confirmed or suspected during dasatinib therapy, then dasatinib should be immediately discontinued." ]

[ " The researchers conclude that: “Eating eggs may increase risk of developing a lethal form of prostate cancer among healthy men,” and that although “additional large prospective studies are needed, caution in egg intake may be warranted for adult men”." ]

[ " Rough-Shelled Eggs Roughness on an eggshell is usually the result of a calcium or calcium-to-phosphorus imbalance. Without phosphorus, a hen isn't able to absorb and metabolize the calcium available to her. ... Typically, rough spots that occur once in a while from a hen or two are nothing to worry about.", " 7) Sugar and Artificial sweeteners Sugar has not been proven to be a direct cause of cancer of the prostate or otherwise. But there are very solid arguments for leaving it out of your diet." ]

[ "Distance from DKB to Ottawa, IL. The total distance from DKB to Ottawa, IL is 41 miles. This is equivalent to 66 kilometers or 36 nautical miles. Your trip begins at DeKalb Taylor Municipal Airport in DeKalb, Illinois. It ends in Ottawa, Illinois. Your flight direction from DKB to Ottawa, IL is South (-170 degrees from North). The distance calculator helps you figure out how far it is to fly from DKB to Ottawa, IL." ]

[ "Distance from DeKalb, IL to Chicago, IL. The total distance from DeKalb, IL to Chicago, IL is 58 miles. This is equivalent to 93 kilometers or 50 nautical miles. Your trip begins in DeKalb, Illinois. It ends in Chicago, Illinois. Your flight direction from DeKalb, IL to Chicago, IL is East (93 degrees from North). The distance calculator helps you figure out how far it is to fly from DeKalb, IL to Chicago, IL.", "The distance between Dekalb and Chicago in a straight line is 59 miles or 94.93 Kilometers. 1 Driving Directions & Drive Times from Dekalb to Chicago can be found further down the page. Driving distances, maps and journey times are currently provided by Google mapping systems." ]

[ "Ethernet is a local area technology connected devices in close proximity. See more internet connection pictures. In today's b­usiness world, reliable and efficient access to information has become an important asset in the quest to achieve a competitive advantage." ]

[ "Ethernet and Wireless. If Wi-Fi were the child, wireless would be the dad and Ethernet would be the grandfather; little in common, but one would not exist without the other. High-speed Ethernet typically refers to wired communication.", "Ethernet Dedicated Internet. Reliable, high-performance Internet service for organizations that run bandwidth-intensive, high-volume applications. Ethernet Network Services. Multipoint to multipoint service allows users to transmit network traffic across all their locations with maximum redundancy and minimum latency." ]

[ "Simply put there are two areas of your body that have a protective box of bones, the ribs form the rib cage which protects your heart and lungs and your skull protects y … our brain. 3 people found this useful." ]

[ "1 Every time you move your body from place to place, your bones, muscles, and joints are working together. 2 The bones that make up your skeletal system provide shape and protection. 3 Your skull protects your brain, your backbones protect your spinal cord, and your ribs protect your heart and lungs.ardiac muscles don't attach to any bones, but they do the important work of keeping your heart beating. 1 Common Muscle Problems The most common problems with muscles are the aches and pains of daily use. 2 Overuse of a muscle can cause soreness, and extreme overuse can result in a muscle strain or tear.", "1 Every time you move your body from place to place, your bones, muscles, and joints are working together. 2 The bones that make up your skeletal system provide shape and protection. 3 Your skull protects your brain, your backbones protect your spinal cord, and your ribs protect your heart and lungs. In addition to the skeletal muscles that contract to move your bones, you also have smooth muscles that are responsible for keeping your digestive system moving and your blood flowing. 2 Cardiac muscles don't attach to any bones, but they do the important work of keeping your heart beating." ]

[ "ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The root of Euphorbia kansui T.P. Wang (Euphorbiaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with certain toxicity, is known as Gan sui (Chinese: ) or kansui. It has been used to treat edema, ascites, asthma, and etc. Licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. or Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Leguminosae. It is a widely used herbal medicine native to southern Europe and parts of Asia as an herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Kansui cannot be co-used with licorice, which is recorded in \"eighteen incompatible\" medicaments in many monographs of TCM.AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was conducted to investigate the dosage-toxicity-efficacy relationship of the co-use of kansui and licorice and to explore its regularity of the toxicity and efficacy change.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Malignant pleural effusion rats were used and randomly divided into the normal control group, model group, positive control group (furosemide), kansui group, licorice group, and kansui-licorice groups with different ratios (kansui: licorice: 4:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.5:1, 0.25:1, 0.1:1). Each group was adopted simultaneously to investigate the characteristic of toxicity and effect by measuring the pleural fluid and urine volumes, serum biochemical indexes, and serum TNF-, IL-2 and IFN- levels. The factor analytic approach was used to analyze the dosage-toxicity-efficacy relationship between kansui and licorice.RESULTS: Two common factors were extracted from 8 indexes concerning toxicity and 5 indexes concerning efficacy. And the total factors related to toxicity (Ft) and efficacy (Fe) were calculated. The curved line of Ft indicated that the toxicity was increased along with the dose increase in licorice. The curved line of Fe indicated that the efficacy was decreased along with the dose increase in licorice. The intersection of these two lines was between the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, and was deemed the flex point of the dosage-toxicity-efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: Kansui demonstrated a certain efficacy in treating malignant pleural effusion, and the efficacy could be weakened by the co-use of licorice, even causing serious toxicity at the given ratio. The ratio between 2:1 and 1:1 (kansui: licorice) was deemed the flex point of the dosage-toxicity-efficacy of kansui and licorice. The results will be helpful for their better utilization and development." ]

[ "A rapid, improved and comprehensive method including high-performance thin-layer chromatography, fingerprint technology and single standard to determine multiple components was developed and validated for the quality evaluation of licorice. In this study, a newly developed high-performance thin-layer chromatography method was first used for authentication of licorice, which achieved simultaneous identification of multiple bands including five bands for known bioactive components by comparing their retention factor values and colors with the standards. For fingerprint analysis, 8 of 16 common peaks were identified. Simultaneously, similarity analysis which showed very similar patterns and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to discriminate and classify the 27 batches of samples. Additionally, the single standard to determine multiple components method was first successfully achieved to quantify the eight important active markers in licorice including liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquritin, neoisoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid. The easily available glycyrrhizic acid was selected as the reference substance to calculate relative response factors. Compared with the normal external standard method, this alternative method can be used to determine the multiple indices effectively and accurately. The validation result showed that the developed method was specific, accurate, precise, robust and reliable for the overall quality assessment of licorice.", "Licorice (glycyrrhiza uralensis) is known as an herb with detoxication, and it has been widely used in clinical prescription of Oriental herbal medicine. Studies on the effects of licorice in the reproductive system were very rare, especially in spermatogenesis. In order to elucidate the effects of licorice on spermatogonial proliferation and spermatocyte differentiation during neonatal mice spermatogenesis, the organ culture model of testis tissue from neonatal C57BL/6N mice (born 6 d) was established. Then, in the presence of licorice extract (LE), the proliferation activity of spermatogonia was identified with the positive rate quantitative analysis of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the percentage of positive cells by BrdU staining enhanced dramatically and that the expression of PCNA protein increased significantly in the spermatogonia from the LE group and showed a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). This indicated that the LE can significantly promote the proliferation of spermatogonia in the spermatogenesis of neonatal mice. Furthermore, proteins related to spermatocyte differentiation, synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) and meiotic recombinant protein Spo11, were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that the differentiated spermatocyte in the LE group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group and showed a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The above results suggested that the LE can significantly accelerate the proliferation of spermatogonia and the differentiation of spermatocytes in the testicular tissue of the neonatal mice, which may be a potential drug for male infertility." ]

[ "The system efficiency of a self-propelled flexible body is ill-defined, hence we introduce the concept of quasi-propulsive efficiency, defined as the ratio of the power needed to tow a body in rigid-straight condition over the power it requires for self-propulsion, both measured for the same speed. Through examples we show that the quasi-propulsive efficiency is a rational non-dimensional metric of the propulsive fitness of fish and fish-like mechanisms, consistent with the goal to minimize fuel consumption under size and velocity constraints. We perform two-dimensional viscous simulations and apply the concept of quasi-propulsive efficiency to illustrate and discuss the efficiency of two-dimensional undulating foils employing first carangiform and then anguilliform kinematics. We show that low efficiency may be due to adverse body-propulsor hydrodynamic interactions, which cannot be accounted for by an increase in friction drag, as done previously, since at the Reynolds number Re = 5 000 considered in the simulations, pressure is a major contributor to both thrust and drag." ]

[ "Interest in biological locomotion and what advantages the principles governing it might offer in the design of manmade vehicles prompts one to consider the power requirements of flapping relative to rotary propulsion. The amount of work performed on the fluid surrounding a thrusting surface (wing or blade) is reflected in the kinetic energy of the wake. Consideration of the energy in the wake is sufficient to define absolute minimum limitations on the power requirement to generate a particular thrust. This work applies wake solutions to compare the minimum inviscid propulsive power requirement of wings flapping and in rotation at wing loading conditions reflective of hover through a state of lightly-loaded cruise. It is demonstrated that hovering flapping flight is less efficient than rotary wing propulsion except for the most extreme flap amplitude strokes ([Formula: see text]   >  160) if operating at large wake wavelength. In cruise, a larger range of flap amplitude kinematics ([Formula: see text]  >  140) can be aerodynamically more energy efficient for wake wavelengths reflective of biological propulsion. These results imply, based on the observed wing kinematics of continuous steady flight, that flapping propulsion in animals is unlikely to be more efficient than rotary propulsion.", "We demonstrate high-energy infrared femtosecond pulse generation by a dual-chirped optical parametric amplification (DC-OPA) scheme [Opt. Express19, 7190 (2011)]. By employing a 100 mJ pump laser, a signal pulse energy exceeding 20 mJ at a wavelength of 1.4 m was achieved before dispersion compensation. A total output energy of 33 mJ was recorded. Under a further energy scaling condition, the signal pulse was compressed to an almost transform-limited duration of 27 fs using a fused silica prism compressor. Since the DC-OPA scheme is efficient and energy scalable, design parameters for obtaining 100 mJ level infrared pulses are presented, which are suitable as driver lasers for the energy scaling of high-order harmonic generation with sub-keV photon energy." ]

[ "Commonly referred to as “The Saxophone Bible,” Paul DeVille’s Universal Method for Saxophone is considered the trusted training method for aspiring and serious saxophone players." ]

[ "Universal Design for Learning helps all kids, not just those with learning and attention issues. This teaching approach offers more than one way for students to access the same material. This approach also lets students use different methods to show what they know.", "Universal Verification Methodology(UVM) A Powerful Methodology for Functional Verification of Digital. Hardware. Abstract - With the increasing adoption of UVM, there is a growing demand for guidelines and best. practices to ensure successful SoC verification. It is. true that the verification problems did not change but." ]

[ "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the length of interpregnancy intervals between consecutive live births among Black women had any significant effect on mean birth weight as had previously been reported in another study. We examined a sample (1,048 women, 66% of study participants) from a study of non-Hispanic Black women whose infants were born at a large, inner-city, public hospital in Georgia from October 1988 through August 1990. Data were evaluated for the 494 women whose current and immediately previous pregnancies ended in the birth of a live infant weighing 500 grams or more. Linear regression and analysis of covariance models were developed. The median interpregnancy interval was 15 months (range 1 to 207 months), with 19 (4%) of the women having intervals of less than 3 months. After adjustment for parity, gestational age (in weeks), and smoking status, the mean birth weight associated with an interpregnancy interval of three or more months was 3,106 grams, 215 grams greater than that for an interval of less than three months (P = .06)" ]

[ "Our objective is to determine if there is a relationship between diabetes during pregnancy and childhood obesity, in our inner-city, African-American population. Pertinent child, neonatal and maternal pregnancy and delivery data were collected from mothers of children age 2-5 years old. Outcome variable definition was based on children's body mass index (BMI) subgroups; independent variable definition on birthweight subgroups based on customized growth percentiles. Covariates included pre and postnatal factors. Those covariates marginally related to diabetes (p < 0.2) by bivariate analyses, were allowed to compete in logistic regression, with p < 0.05 significant. Four hundred and ninety-three patients were enrolled, of which 35 (7.1%) had diabetes during pregnancy. Children of diabetic mothers were more likely to be obese at age 2-5 years than those of non-diabetics (p = 0.004). Five of 20 covariates had p < 0.2 in bivariate setting. Following stepwise logistic regression, diabetes and maternal prepregnancy BMI were significant determinants of childhood obesity. When large-for-gestational age (LGA) was added into the model, diabetes was no longer significant (p = 0.105); only LGA (p = 0.008) and maternal prepregnancy BMI (p = 0.032) were significantly associated with childhood obesity", "Young maternal age has long been associated with higher infant mortality rates, but the role of socioeconomic factors in this association has been controversial. We sought to investigate the relationships between infant mortality (distinguishing neonatal from post-neonatal deaths), socioeconomic status and maternal age in a large, retrospective cohort study. We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked birth-death certificate data for Missouri residents during 1997-1999. Infant mortality rates for all singleton births to adolescent women (12-17 years, n = 10,131; 18-19 years, n = 18,954) were compared to those for older women (20-35 years, n = 28,899). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential associations. The risk of infant (OR 1.95, CI 1.54-2.48), neonatal (1.69, 1.24-2.31) and post-neonatal mortality (2.47, 1.70-3.59) were significantly higher for younger adolescent (12-17 years) than older (20-34 years) mothers. After adjusting for race, marital status, age-appropriate education level, parity, smoking status, prenatal care utilization, and poverty status (indicated by participation in WIC, food stamps or Medicaid), the risk of post-neonatal mortality (1.73, 1.14-2.64) but not neonatal mortality (1.43, 0.98-2.08) remained significant for younger adolescent mothers. There were no differences in neonatal or post-neonatal mortality risks for older adolescent (18-19 years) mothers" ]

[ "A gram of carbohydrate contains 4 calories. A gram of protein also contains 4 calories. A gram of fat, though, contains 9 calories-more than twice the amount of the other 2. That's why 1 food with the same serving size as another may have far more calories. A high-fat food has many more calories than a food that's low in fat and higher in protein or carbohydrates." ]

[ "Divide the number of calories from fat by the number of total calories and multiply by 100: For example, if a 300-calorie food has 60 calories from fat, you divide 60 by 300 and then multiply by 100. The result shows that food gets 20% of its calories from fat:", "Each gram of fat provides more than twice the num-. ber of calories as a gram of carbohydrate or protein. Nutrition information is often listed in grams, but you. can use the values listed above to estimate the calorie value of any food. Simply multiply the grams of each. source by the number of calories per gram." ]

[ "The genomic features of Azoarcus sp. CIB reflect its most distinguishing phenotypes as a diazotroph, facultative anaerobe, capable of degrading either aerobically and/or anaerobically a wide range of aromatic compounds, including some toxic hydrocarbons such as toluene and m-xylene, as well as its endophytic lifestyle. The analyses of its genome have expanded the catabolic potential of strain CIB toward common natural compounds, such as certain diterpenes, that were not anticipated as carbon sources. The high number of predicted solvent efflux pumps and heavy metal resistance gene clusters has provided the first evidence for two environmentally relevant features of this bacterium that remained unknown. Genome mining has revealed several gene clusters likely involved in the endophytic lifestyle of strain CIB, opening the door to the molecular characterization of some plant growth promoting traits. Horizontal gene transfer and mobile genetic elements appear to have played a major role as a mechanism of adaptation of this bacterium to different lifestyles. This work paves the way for a systems biology-based understanding of the abilities of Azoarcus sp. CIB to integrate aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds, tolerate stress conditions, and interact with plants as an endophyte of great potential for phytostimulation and phytoremediation strategies. Comparative genomics provides an Azoarcus pan genome that confirms the global metabolic flexibility of this genus, and suggests that its phylogeny should be revisited." ]

[ "A major problem associated with the intensification of agriculture is the emergence of fungicide resistance. Azoles are ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors that have been widely used in agriculture and medicine since the 1970s, leading to emergence of increasingly resistant fungal populations. The known genetic mechanisms underlying lower azole sensitivity include mutations affecting the CYP51 gene that encodes the target protein, but in many cases azole resistance is a more complex trait with an unknown genetic basis. We used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify genes affecting azole sensitivity in two crosses of Zymoseptoria tritici, the most damaging wheat pathogen in Europe. Restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) was used to genotype 263 (cross 1) and 261 (cross 2) progeny at ? 8500 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and construct two dense linkage maps. Azole sensitivity was assessed using high-throughput digital image analysis of colonies growing on Petri dishes with or without the fungicide propiconazole. We identified three QTLs for azole sensitivity, including two that contained novel fungicide sensitivity genes. One of these two QTLs contained only 16 candidate genes, among which four most likely candidates were identified. The third QTL contained ERG6, encoding another protein involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. Known genes in QTLs affecting colony growth included CYP51 and PKS1, a gene affecting melanization in Z. tritici. PKS1 showed compelling evidence for pleiotropy, with a rare segregating allele that increased melanization while decreasing growth rate and propiconazole sensitivity. This study resolved the genetic architecture of an important agricultural trait and led to identification of novel genes that are likely to affect azole sensitivity in Z. tritici. It also provided insight into fitness costs associated with lowered azole sensitivity and suggests a novel fungicide mixture strategy.", "BACKGROUND: Caixin and Zicaitai (Brassica rapa) belong to Southern and Central China respectively. Zicaitai contains high amount of anthocyanin in leaf and stalk resulting to the purple color. Stalk is the major edible part and stalk color is an economically important trait for the two vegetables. The aim of this study is to construct a high density genetic map using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique to explore genetic basis for anthocyanin pigmentation traits via quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.RESULTS: We constructed a high generation linkage map with a mapping panel of F2 populations derived from 150 individuals of parental lines \"Xianghongtai 01\" and \"Yinong 50D\" with purple and green stalk respectively. The map was constructed containing 4253 loci, representing 10,940 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning 1030.04 centiMorgans (cM) over 10 linkage groups (LGs), with an average distance between markers of 0.27 cM. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis revealed that a major locus on chromosome 7 and 4 minor QTLs explaining 2.69-61.21% of phenotypic variation (PVE) were strongly responsible for variation in stalk color trait. Bioinformatics analysis of the major locus identified 62 protein-coding genes. Among the major locus, there were no biosynthetic genes related to anthocyanin. However, there were several transcription factors like helix-loop-helix (bHLH) bHLH, MYB in the locus. Seven predicted candidate genes were selected for the transcription level analysis. Only bHLH49 transcription factor, was significantly higher expressed in both stalks and young leaves of Xianghongtai01 than Yinong50D. An insertion and deletion (InDel) marker developed from deletion/insertion in the promoter region of bHLH49 showed significant correlation with the stalk color trait in the F2 population.CONCLUSION: Using the constructed high-qualified linkage map, this study successfully identified QTLs for stalk color trait. The identified valuable markers and candidate genes for anthocyanin accumulation in stalk will provide useful information for molecular regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overall our findings will lay a foundation for functional gene cloning, marker-assisted selection (MAS) and molecular breeding of important economic traits in B. rapa." ]

[ "Previous experimental models suggest that vitamin E may ameliorate periodontitis. However, epidemiologic studies show inconsistent evidence in supporting this plausible association. We investigated the association between serum α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT) and periodontitis in a large cross-sectional US population. This study included 4708 participants in the 1999-2001 NHANES. Serum tocopherols were measured by HPLC and values were adjusted by total cholesterol (TC). Periodontal status was assessed by mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Total periodontitis (TPD) was defined as the sum of mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis. All measurements were performed by NHANES. Means ± SDs of serum αT:TC ratio from low to high quartiles were 4.0 ± 0.4, 4.8 ± 0.2, 5.7 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 2.7 μmol/mmol. In multivariate regression models, αT:TC quartiles were inversely associated with mean CAL (P-trend = 0.06), mean PPD (P-trend < 0.001), and TPD (P-trend < 0.001) overall. Adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between the first and fourth quartile of αT:TC were 0.12 mm (0.03, 0.20; P-difference = 0.005) for mean CAL and 0.12 mm (0.06, 0.17; P-difference < 0.001) for mean PPD, whereas the corresponding OR for TPD was 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.16; P-difference = 0.001). In a dose-response analysis, a clear inverse association between αT:TC and mean CAL, mean PPD, and TPD was observed among participants with relatively low αT:TC. No differences were seen in participants with higher αT:TC ratios. Participants with γT:TC ratio in the interquartile range showed a significantly lower mean PPD than those in the highest quartile" ]

[ "The ORunadjusted for the main association was 4.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47 to 7.75). In the logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, education level, osteoporosis, smoking habit, and body mass index, the ORadjusted was 4.82 (95% CI = 2.66 to 8.76), which was statistically significant. Individuals with periodontal infection showed, approximately, five times more likelihood to have bronchial inflammation than those without such periodontal tissue infection", "Periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with systemic inflammation. This research studied serum IgG to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident AD. Using a case-cohort study design, 219 subjects (110 incident AD cases and 109 controls without incident cognitive impairment at last follow-up), matched on race-ethnicity, were drawn from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a cohort of longitudinally followed northern Manhattan residents aged >65 years. Mean follow-up was five years (SD 2.6). In baseline sera, serum IgG levels were determined for bacteria known to be positively or negatively associated with periodontitis (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, and Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies-2). In all analyses, we used antibody threshold levels shown to correlate with presence of moderate-severe periodontitis. Mean age was 72 years (SD 6.9) for controls, and 79 years (SD 4.6) for cases (p<0.001). Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 26%, non-Hispanic Blacks 27%, and Hispanics 48% of the sample. In a model adjusting for baseline age, sex, education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, prior history of stroke, and apolipoprotein E genotype, high anti-A. naeslundii titer (>640 ng/ml, present in 10% of subjects) was associated with increased risk of AD (HR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1-3.8). This association was stronger after adjusting for other significant titers (HR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.5-6.4). In this model, high anti-E. nodatum IgG (>1755 ng/ml; 19% of subjects) was associated with lower risk of AD (HR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9)" ]

[ "Abstract The genus Hunnivirus, which has been identified in sheep, cattle, and rats, was first proposed in the family Picornaviridae by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2013. In this study, a hunnivirus was detected in fecal samples collected from a diarrheic cat in Southern China in 2017. Genome sequencing and analysis indicated that the novel hunnivirus has the same genome organization as reported for other hunniviruses, 5′UTR-L-P1(VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1)-P2(2A-2B-2C)-P3(3A-3B-3Cpro-3Dpol)-3′UTR, but is genetically divergent. This hunnivirus is proposed as a novel genotype of the species Hunnivirus A and provisionally designated feline hunnivirus. Our study expands the host range of hunnivirus and enriches knowledge on picornaviruses." ]

[ "Influenza A viruses have a wide host range for infection, from wild waterfowl to poultry to humans. Recently, the cross-species transmission of avian influenza A, particularly subtype H5N1, has highlighted the importance of the non-human subtypes and their incidence in the human population has increased over the past decade. During cross-species transmission, human disease can range from the asymptomatic to mild conjunctivitis to fulminant pneumonia and death. With these cases, however, the risk for genetic change and development of a novel virus increases, heightening the need for public health and hospital measures. This review discusses the epidemiology, host range, human disease, outcome, treatment, and prevention of cross-transmission of avian influenza A into humans.", "The difficulties related to virus taxonomy have been amplified by recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics, prompting the field to revisit the question of what constitutes a useful viral classification. Here, taking a challenging classification found in coronaviruses, we argue that consideration of biological properties in addition to sequence-based demarcations is critical for generating useful taxonomy that recapitulates complex evolutionary histories. Within the Alphacoronavirus genus, the Alphacoronavirus 1 species encompasses several biologically distinct viruses. We carried out functionally based phylogenetic analysis, centered on the spike gene, which encodes the main surface antigen and primary driver of tropism and pathogenesis. Within the Alphacoronavirus 1 species, we identify clade A (encompassing serotype I feline coronavirus [FCoV] and canine coronavirus [CCoV]) and clade B (grouping serotype II FCoV and CCoV and transmissible gastroenteritis virus [TGEV]-like viruses). We propose this clade designation, along with the newly proposed Alphacoronavirus 2 species, as an improved way to classify the Alphacoronavirus genus. IMPORTANCE Our work focuses on improving the classification of the Alphacoronavirus genus. The Alphacoronavirus 1 species groups viruses of veterinary importance that infect distinct mammalian hosts and includes canine and feline coronaviruses and transmissible gastroenteritis virus. It is the prototype species of the Alphacoronavirus genus; however, it encompasses biologically distinct viruses. To better characterize this prototypical species, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the spike protein, one of the main determinants of tropism and pathogenesis, and reveal the existence of two subgroups or clades that fit with previously established serotype demarcations. We propose a new clade designation to better classify Alphacoronavirus 1 members." ]

[ "Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new and radical treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms that provides high rates of en bloc resection compared with treatment by conventional mucosal resection. However, ESD is a complex procedure that is associated with long operating times and a higher complication rate. This feasibility study assessed the use of a novel double-channel therapeutic endoscope for performing en-bloc ESD in order to assess whether the procedure time could be shortened. The therapeutic endoscope we used (the \"R-scope\") is equipped with a multibending system and has two movable instrument channels: one moves a grasping forceps vertically for lesion countertraction; the other swings a cutting knife horizontally for dissection. Twenty consecutive patients (18 men, 2 women; mean age 63 years, range 54 - 80 years) with superficial gastric neoplasms in the distal two-thirds of the stomach underwent resection of their tumor by ESD using the R-scope. Forty size- and location-matched gastric neoplasms resected by conventional ESD were reviewed retrospectively for the purposes of comparison" ]

[ "BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The lack of reliable countertraction in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) contributes to its technical demand and increased procedure time. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of the suture pulley countertraction method in endoscopists new to both suturing and ESD.METHODS: Two 30-mm circular lesions were created in an ex vivo porcine stomach model. Endoscopists considered novices for both endoscopic suturing and ESD were randomized to either traditional or suture pulley ESD first and performed ESD using each technique. Procedure time was recorded including time of circumferential incision, suture pulley placement, and submucosal dissection. After completion of each ESD, participants graded the difficulty of the procedure using the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) Task Load Index.RESULTS: Thirteen participants (8 fellows, 5 attendings) completed the study using both methods. Mean total procedure time was shorter using suture pulley ESD compared with traditional ESD (26.7 ± 7.3 vs 59.4 ± 20.4 minutes, P < .001). The suture pulley required a mean 6.2 ± 2.1 minutes to place. Submucosal dissection time was shorter using suture pulley ESD compared with traditional ESD (8.4 ± 2.9 vs 47.2 ± 16.3 minutes, P < .001). All 7 individual indices and total score on the NASA Task Load Index were significantly improved using the suture pulley ESD method (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: The suture pulley countertraction method significantly decreases procedure time and technical demand of ESD among endoscopists at all skill levels who are new to ESD. The results of this study have potential implications for ESD training in the United States.", "Endoscopic submucosal dissection was developed to address the shortcomings of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection. The present study evaluated the benefits of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with conventional endoscopic mucosal resection for the treatment of neoplasms arising from the remnant stomach after gastrectomy or esophagectomy. This study, which was designed as a historical control study, evaluated 22 gastric cancers in remnant cancers treated by conventional endoscopic mucosal resection and another 40 cancers treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Patient characteristic between the two groups were not different except for tumor size, which was larger in patients with endoscopic submucosal dissection. The local complete resection rate and the curative resection rate were significantly higher in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group compared to those in the mucosal resection group (95.0% vs 40.9% and 80.0% vs 40.9%, respectively). Complication rate showed no significant difference in the two groups, although submucosal dissection required a longer operation time" ]

[ "Cupriavidus necator is a non-obligate bacterial predator of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we set out to determine the conditions, which are necessary to observe predatory behavior of C. necator. Using Bacillus subtilis as a prey organism, we confirmed that the predatory performance of C. necator is correlated with the available copper level, and that the killing is mediated, at least in part, by secreted extracellular factors. The predatory activity depends on the nutrition status of C. necator, but does not require a quorum of predator cells. This suggests that C. necator is no group predator. Further analyses revealed that sporulation enables B. subtilis to avoid predation by C. necator. In contrast to the interaction with predatory myxobacteria, however, an intact spore coat is not required for resistance. Instead resistance is possibly mediated by quiescence." ]

[ "Necator americanus (hookworm) infects over half a billion people worldwide. Anthelminthic drugs are commonly used to treat the infection; however, vaccination is a more favorable strategy to combat this parasite. We designed new B-cell peptide epitopes based on the aspartic protease of N. americanus (Na-APR-1). The peptides were conjugated to self-adjuvanting lipid core peptide (LCP) systems via stepwise solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and copper catalyst azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The LCP vaccine candidates were able to self-assemble into nanoparticles, were administered to mice without the use of additional adjuvant, and generated antibodies that recognized the parent epitope. However, only one LCP derivative was able to produce a high titer of antibodies specific to Na-APR-1; circular dichroism analyses of this compound showed a -sheet conformation for the incorporated epitope. This study provides important insight in epitope and delivery system design for the development of a vaccine against hookworm infections.", "Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 is a chlorpyrifos degrading bacterium, which was isolated from sludge collected at the drain outlet of a chlorpyrifos manufacture plant. It is the first time to report the complete genome sequence of C. nantongensis species, which has been reported as a novel species of Cupriavidus genus. It could provide further pathway information in chlorpyrifos degradation." ]

[ "Urosepsis: Related Medical Conditions. To research the causes of Urosepsis, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Urosepsis: 1 Urinary tract infection. 2 Cystitis. 3 Pyelonephritis. 4 Honeymoon cystitis. 5 Trimethoprim. 6 Sulfamethoxazole. 7 Norfloxacin. 8 Amoxicillin.", "Research the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, Urosepsis: 1 Urinary tract infection. 2 Cystitis. 3 Pyelonephritis. 4 Honeymoon cystitis. 5 Trimethoprim. 6 Sulfamethoxazole. 7 Norfloxacin. 8 more related diseases...»." ]

[ "Fusarium wilt is caused by fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne fungus. Fusarium oxysporum causes the lower leaves of infected tomato plants to yellow, then wilt. The yellowing and wilting might be on one branch, on many branches, on one side of the plant or on all of the lower branches. Branches and leaves higher up on the plant begin to yellow and wilt as the fungus spreads.", "Or the color could be caused by dried blood from the kidney, bladder or urinary tract, or from an infection or ... “Congealed blood can also cause pungent urine .” When to be worried: If asparagus isn't the cause, see a ...More dangerous causes are deadly toxins like lead or mercury. ...aginal yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of yeast that lives naturally in the vagina, usually without any ... What causes the bacteria-fungus balance to change? ... Wearing tight underwear, douching and having a scratch in the vagina can also cause yeast overgrowth. ..." ]

[ "Bradycardia means a slower than normal heart rhythm. In newborns, a heart rate is termed bradycardia if it falls below 100 beats per minute in a baby less than 1250 g (2 lb 12 oz) or to less than 80 beats per minute in a bigger baby. When babies are in the NICU, their hearts are monitored, and episodes of bradycardia are treated with stimulation." ]

[ "normal resting heart rates range from 60 100 bpm bradycardia is defined as a resting heart rate below 60 bpm however heart rates from 50 to 60 bpm are common among healthy people and do not necessarily require special attentionormal resting heart rates range from 60 100 bpm bradycardia is defined as a resting heart rate below 60 bpm however heart rates from 50 to 60 bpm are common among healthy people and do not necessarily require special attention", "Fetal bradycardia is defined as a baseline heart rate less than 120 bpm. Bradycardia in the range of 100 to 120 bpm with normal variability is not associated with fetal acidosis.Bradycardia of this degree is common in post-date gestations and in fetuses with occiput posterior or transverse presentations.uscultation of the fetal heart rate (FHR) is performed by external or internal means. External monitoring is performed using a hand-held Doppler ultrasound probe to auscultate and count the FHR during a uterine contraction and for 30 seconds thereafter to identify fetal response." ]

[ "Distinct lesion topography in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) might be due to different antigen presentation and/or trafficking routes of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS). To investigate whether distinct lesion patterns in multiple sclerosis (MS) might be associated with a predominance of distinct circulating T-helper cell subset as well as their innate counterparts. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes derived from the peripheral blood of patients with exclusively cerebral (n = 20) or predominantly spinal (n = 12) disease manifestation. Patients with exclusively cerebral or preferential spinal lesion manifestation were associated with increased proportions of circulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) producing T" ]

[ "To investigate whether cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is associated to different patterns of gray matter (GM) atrophy and T2-visible lesion distribution according to the clinical phenotype. Twenty-two relapsing remitting (RR), 29 secondary progressive (SP), and 22 primary progressive (PP) MS patients, and 39 healthy controls underwent high-field structural magnetic resonance imaging and an extensive neuropsychological battery. Voxel-wise distribution of GM damage and T2-lesions was compared between cognitively impaired (CI) and cognitively preserved (CP) patients according to their clinical phenotype. Thirty-nine MS patients were CI. In all MS groups, regional GM loss was correlated with cognitive impairment. Different patterns of regional distribution of GM atrophy and T2-visible lesions were found between CI vs. CP MS patients, according to their clinical phenotype. No areas were significantly more atrophied in CI SPMS vs. CI RRMS patients. Conversely, compared with CI PPMS, CI SPMS patients had a significant GM loss in several regions of the fronto-temporal lobes, the left hypothalamus and thalami. While in RRMS and SPMS patients there was a correspondence between presence of T2 visible lesions and GM atrophy in several areas, this was not the case in PPMS patients", "To characterize phenotypes of T cells that accumulated in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, to compare the lesional T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T-cell subsets to peripheral blood, and to identify paired α and β chains from single CD8(+) T cells from an index patient who we followed for 18 years. We combined immunohistochemistry, laser microdissection, and single-cell multiplex PCR to characterize T-cell subtypes and identify paired TCRα and TCRβ chains from individual brain-infiltrating T cells in frozen brain sections. The lesional and peripheral TCR repertoires were analyzed by pyrosequencing. We found that a TCR Vβ1(+) T-cell population that was strikingly expanded in active brain lesions at clinical onset comprises several subclones expressing distinct yet closely related Vα7.2(+) α chains, including a canonical Vα7.2-Jα33 chain of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Three other α chains bear striking similarities in their antigen-recognizing, hypervariable complementarity determining region 3. Longitudinal repertoire studies revealed that the TCR chains that were massively expanded in brain at onset persisted for several years in blood or CSF but subsequently disappeared except for the canonical Vα7.2(+) MAIT cell and a few other TCR sequences that were still detectable in blood after 18 years" ]

[ "migrant migrant [ mahy -gr uh nt]Spell Syllables Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comadjective1. migrating, especially of people; migratory.noun2. a person or animal that migrates.3. a person who attempts to permanently relocate to a new country, but who may be subject to removal by the government of that country: undocumented migrants;unaccompanied child migrants. Compare immigrant.4. Also called migrant worker. a person who moves from place to place to get work, especially a farm laborer who harvests crops seasonally. Origin of migrant Expand Latin1665-16751665-75; < Latin migrant- (stem of migrāns ), present participle of migrāre. See migrate, -ant Related forms Expandnonmigrant, adjective, noununmigrant, adjective Can be confused Expandemigrant, immigrant, migrant. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source" ]

[ "Rising Toll on Migrants Leaves Europe in Crisis; 900 May Be Dead at Sea 00:00 00:00This video is not currently supported on your browser. Humanitarian experts predict the number of migrants who die crossing the Mediterranean Sea in 2015 could reach record levels. By Quynhanh Do on April 20, 2015. Photo by Alessandra Tarantino/Associated Press. Watch in Times Video »embed ROME — European leaders were confronted on Monday with a humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean, as estimates that as many as 900 migrants may have died off the Libyan coast this weekend prompted calls for a new approach to the surging number of refugees crossing from Africa and the Middle East. Even as efforts continued to collect the bodies from the sinking off Libya late Saturday and early Sunday — only 28 survivors have been found — Italian rescue ships responded to new distress calls from other vessels. A second migrant ship crashed near the Greek island of Rhodes, underscoring the relentless flow of people fleeing poverty, persecution and war. European foreign ministers met in Luxembourg to discuss how to respond. Those governments are trying to balance humanitarian responsibilities against budget constraints and widespread public sentiment against immigration. Italy’s representative pushed for Europe to make “major commitments” to confront the crisis, and European heads of government scheduled an emergency session for Thursday. Migrants grasped the hull of a boat that ran aground near the Greek island of Rhodes on Monday. So far in 2015, about 1,500 people have died aboard smuggling ships bound for Europe. Loukas Mastis/European Pressphoto Agency The disaster also underscored how Libya, reeling from violence and political turmoil, has become a haven for human smuggling rings along the African coastline. In Rome, the prime ministers of Italy and Malta on Monday called for targeted, nonmilitary intervention against Libya’s human traffickers. This year’s death toll in the Mediterranean Sea is thought to have already surpassed 1,500 victims — a drastic spike from the same period last year. With the arrival of warmer weather, the number of migrants on smuggling boats has risen sharply, with more than 11,000 people being rescued during the first 17 days of April. Migrants also now seem to be coming from a larger geographic area — from Bangladesh and Afghanistan in Asia; Syria and Iraq in the Middle East; and African nations such as Gambia, Somalia, Mali and Eritrea.“What happened on Sunday was a game changer,” Prime Minister Joseph Muscat of Malta said at a news conference with Prime Minister Matteo Renzi of Italy. “There is a new realization that if Europe doesn’t act as a team, history will judge it very harshly, as it did when it closed its eyes to stories of genocide — horrible stories — not long ago.”Martin Schulz, the president of the European Parliament, expressed dismay at what he characterized as European apathy over the migration crisis. “How many more people will have to drown until we finally act in Europe?” he asked in a statement. “How many times more do we want to express our dismay, only to then move on to our daily routine?”Graphic What’s Behind the Surge in Refugees Crossing the Mediterranean Sea There were about 17 times as many refugee deaths from January to April this year as there were during the same period last year. OPEN Graphic Italy has been at the forefront of coping with the surge in refugees and has been increasingly insistent that the rest of Europe do more to help. A widely praised Italian-led search-and-rescue program was phased out last fall and replaced by a smaller European-led operation. An Italian Coast Guard ship was expected to deliver 28 survivors to the Sicilian port city of Catania late on Monday. The ship, the Bruno Gregoretti, had already delivered the 24 bodies recovered at sea to Malta, where health officials have begun conducting autopsies. Italian prosecutors in Catania have begun a criminal inquiry into the sinking, and according to The Associated Press and other news organizations, charged the boat’s captain, a Tunisian, with reckless multiple homicide. Both the captain and a Syrian crew member were charged with “favoring illegal immigration,” The A. P. reported. Giovanni Salvi, the lead prosecutor in Catania, said his team had already debriefed a Bangladeshi survivor who had been taken by helicopter to Sicily on Sunday. The survivor described a three-tiered vessel teeming with migrants from Tunisia, Nigeria, Egypt, Somalia, Zambia and Bangladesh.“A few hundred people were forced to enter the hold, the lowest level, and locked up so that they would not climb up,” Mr. Salvi said during a televised news conference on Monday. He said the Bangladeshi survivor estimated that 250 women and 50 children were also aboard. Migrants are rescued by Greece's coast guard after their wooden sailboat ran aground near Rhodes on Monday. Argiris Mantikos/Eurokinissi, via Reuters Mr. Salvi said that estimating the death toll should be done with “extreme cautiousness.” He said the Bangladeshi survivor estimated that 950 people had been onboard the vessel, while other survivors told members of the Italian Coast Guard that the figure was closer to 700. He said the vessel sank in deep water and had not yet been precisely located.“If these figures are confirmed,” he added, “it is understandable why so few bodies have been recovered. The majority didn’t have the chance to escape and would have sunk with the boat.”The prosecutor also noted that the ship most likely had begun its journey in Egypt and then made several stops along the African coastline, collecting more migrants before turning toward Italy. He said his office was also investigating the reasons the boat capsized, including reports from a merchant ship that had been diverted for rescue efforts that the boat toppled after migrants rushed to one side. Meanwhile, Italian ships on Monday responded to two new distress calls in the Mediterranean: one was an inflatable raft with 100 to 150 people near the Libyan coast as well as a separate vessel holding 300 people. Earlier, a distress call had come into the Rome office of the International Organization for Migration, an advocacy group, which alerted the Italian Coast Guard. SARDINIAITALYMediterranean Sea SICILYTunis MALTALampedusa TUNISIAApproximate areaof sinking Tripoli LIBYA100 miles By The New York Times Joel Millman, a spokesman for the organization, said the caller suggested that as many as three boats had been in distress. “One of the boats called our office and said a boat was taking on water and that they thought that 20 people were dead,” said Mr. Millman, noting that the account could not yet be confirmed. At almost the same time in Greece, three people drowned when a small boat carrying migrants crashed into the rocks off the Greek island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea. Greek news media showed video of people flailing in the water, or floating on a piece of the boat’s hull, as rescuers with the Greek Coast Guard pulled them onto the nearby rocks. It is unclear how many people were aboard the ship. The authorities confirmed that 90 people had been rescued, including 27 who were hospitalized with minor injuries. Some Greek news outlets reported that the number could have been as high as 200. Among the three victims were two adults and a child. Even as attention has been mostly focused on the large migrant boats pushing toward Italy, Greece has also seen a sharp increase in smuggling boats this year — most of them smaller vessels that have left from the nearby Turkish coasts, often carrying refugees escaping the civil war in Syria. A rescuer cradled a toddler who was among 100 refugees, including 28 children, who were rescued near Sicily. Alessandra Tarantino/Associated Press The question confronting European leaders is whether and how to expand the rescue efforts in the Mediterranean. As the danger rises, and more deaths are being reported, migrants seem determined to reach Europe. At a small gathering of Nigerian migrants on Monday at a church in Tripoli, Libya, several said they remained determined to make the sea journey to Italy, no matter the dangers. Many of them spoke of the difficulty of life in Nigeria and of making a treacherous desert crossing just to reach Libya. And in Libya, they said they lived at the mercy of lawless militias that often jail African migrants or subject them to extortion.“I have been hearing the stories that people are dying, but me, I will cross it and I will cross it successfully,” said one migrant, who gave his name as Pious and said he was waiting to save up about $950 to pay a smuggler.“I know that my Lord is with me. He will cross with me. I have made up my mind.”Reporting was contributed by Gaia Pianigiani from Rome, Dan Bilefsky from London, Niki Kitsantonis from Athens, David D. Kirkpatrick from Cairo, and Suliman Ali Zway from Tripoli, Libya. A version of this article appears in print on April 21, 2015, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Rising Toll on Migrants Leaves Europe in Crisis; 900 May Be Dead at Sea. Order Reprints Today's Paper Subscribe" ]