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It (beta-alanyl--histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. It was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich.
It is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning "flesh", alluding to its prevalence in meat. There are no plant-based sources of carnosine. It is readily available as a synthetic nutritional supplement. | It is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex, Glycine max, and other organisms with data available. | 1 |
It is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis. It is used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a stereoisomer and pseudo-enantiomer of cinchonidine.
It is structurally similar to quinine, an antimalarial drug.
It is a GLP-1 receptor agonist and therefore has potential as a possible treatment for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. | It is a natural product found in Eremothecium ashbyi, Euglena gracilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with data available. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of xanthones and a monocarboxylic acid. | It is a member of 1,3-oxazoles. | 0 |
It (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiol estrogen metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone found in soybeans and other plant sources, by bacterial flora in the intestines. While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids, equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen. Only about 30–50% of people have intestinal bacteria that make equol. | Hydroxymalonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is functionally related to a malonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a hydroxymalonate(1-) and a hydroxymalonate. | 0 |
It is ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist, a non-narcotic analgesic, a vasoconstrictor agent, a dopamine agonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is an ergot alkaloid and a semisynthetic derivative. | It is a fungicide, a member benzimidazole fungicides. It is a metabolite of benomyl.
The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, macadamia nuts, pineapples, and pomes. A 4.7% solution of carbendazim hydrochloride, sold as Eertavas, is marketed as a treatment for Dutch elm disease. | 0 |
It is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. | It is a sesquiterpene lactone. | 0 |
It is a trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an adenosine receptor antagonist, an EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor, a ryanodine receptor agonist, a fungal metabolite, an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, a psychotropic drug, a diuretic, a food additive, an adjuvant, a plant metabolite, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a human blood serum metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a geroprotector and a mutagen. It is a purine alkaloid and a trimethylxanthine. | It is a member of the class of coumarins that is scopoletin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative, a member of coumarins and a beta-D-glucoside. It is functionally related to a scopoletin. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of benzyl bromides that is toluene substituted on the alpha-carbon with bromine. It has a role as a lachrymator. | It is a sphingoid base, a fundamental building block of more complex sphingolipids. It is abundant in plants and fungi and present in animals. It has also been found to have interesting T-cell related anti-inflammatory properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease. | 0 |
It is a cyclic ketone that consists of cyclopentane bearing a single oxo substituent. It has a role as a Maillard reaction product. | It, sold formerly under the brand names Serzone, Dutonin, and Nefadar among others, is an atypical antidepressant medication which is used in the treatment of depression and for other uses. It is still available in the United States, but was withdrawn from other countries due to rare liver toxicity. The medication is taken by mouth.
Side effects of nefazodone include dry mouth, sleepiness, nausea, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, lightheadedness, confusion, and postural low blood pressure, among others. Rarely, nefazodone can cause serious liver damage, with an incidence of death or liver transplantation of about 1 in every 250,000 to 300,000 patient years. It is a phenylpiperazine compound and is related to trazodone. It has been described as a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) due to its combined actions as a potent antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT and 5-HT receptors and weak serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).
It was introduced for medical use in 1994. Generic versions were introduced in 2003. Serious liver toxicity was first reported with nefazodone in 1998, and it was withdrawn from most markets by 2004. However, as of 2023, it continues to be available in the United States in generic from one manufacturer, Teva Pharmaceuticals and is manufactured in Israel. | 0 |
Melibiose is a glycosylglucose formed by an alpha-(1->6)-linkage between D-galactose and D-glucose. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an elastin-laminin receptor agonist. | It is a natural product found in Solanum lycopersicum, Coffea arabica, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
Debrisoquin is a member of isoquinolines and a carboxamidine. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an adrenergic agent, a sympatholytic agent and a human metabolite. | It is a tetrabutylammonium salt with bromide as the anionic counterpart. It is an organic bromide salt and a tetrabutylammonium salt. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of bilanes that is a colourless product formed in the intestine by the reduction of bilirubin. It has a role as a human metabolite. | It is an N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, a serotonergic agonist, a second generation antipsychotic and a drug metabolite. It is a quinolone, a N-arylpiperazine, a N-alkylpiperazine, a dichlorobenzene, an aromatic ether and a delta-lactam. | 0 |
It is an ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antioxidant. It is an ellagitannin and a gallate ester. | It is a sapogenin that is spirostan which is substituted by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position, contains a double bond at the 5-6 position, and has R- configuration at position 25. A natural product found in Dioscorea (wild yam) species, it is used as the starting point for the commercial synthesis of a number of steroids, including cortisone, pregnenolone and progesterone. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antiviral agent, an antineoplastic agent and a metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a spiroketal, a hexacyclic triterpenoid and a sapogenin. It derives from a hydride of a spirostan. | 0 |
It is a psychoactive drug and research chemical which acts as a selective D and D receptor agonist. It is used in scientific research. It has been shown to increase locomotion and sniffing behavior in mice treated with it. At least one study has found that quinpirole induces compulsive behavior symptomatic of obsessive compulsive disorder in rats. Another study in rats show that quinpirole produces significant THC-like effects when metabolic degradation of anandamide is inhibited, supporting the hypothesis that these effects of quinpirole are mediated by cannabinoid CB receptors. It may also reduce relapse in adolescent rat models of cocaine addiction.
Experiments in flies found quinpirole may have neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease-like pathology. Moreover, in primary neuronal cultures it also reduces the rate of firing in dopaminergic neurons. | It is a pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist. It has a role as a dopamine agonist. | 1 |
It is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction. It has a role as an opioid analgesic, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a NMDA receptor antagonist and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It contains a levomethadone and a dextromethadone. | It is an organic compound with the chemical formula (ClCH)O. It is a colourless liquid with an unpleasant suffocating odour and it is one of the chloroalkyl ethers. It was once produced on a large scale, but was found to be highly carcinogenic and thus such production has ceased. | 0 |
It is an organic sodium salt having 2-[(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]benzene-1-sulfonate as the counterion. Used as a plasma stain in Masson's trichrome. It has a role as a histological dye. It contains a It(2-). | It is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Lathyrus sylvestris and Phaseolus vulgaris with data available. | It is a natural product found in Fibraurea chloroleuca, Corydalis ternata, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Tessmannia densiflora with data available. | It is a quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. It has a role as a muscle relaxant and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It derives from a hydride of a decane. | 0 |
It (INN), sold under the brand name Isovue among others, is a nonionic, low-osmolar iodinated contrast agent, developed by Bracco Diagnostics.
It is available in various concentrations, from 200 to 370 mgI/mL. | It is a benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. It has a role as a radioopaque medium, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a benzenedicarboxamide, an organoiodine compound and a pentol. | 1 |
It, sold under the brand name Daraprim among others, is a medication used with leucovorin (leucovorin is used to decrease side effects of pyrimethamine; it does not have intrinsic anti-parasitic activity) to treat the parasitic diseases toxoplasmosis and cystoisosporiasis. It is also used with dapsone as a second-line option to prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. It was previously used for malaria but is no longer recommended due to resistance. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, severe allergic reactions, and bone marrow suppression. It should not be used by people with folate deficiency that has resulted in anemia. There is concern that it may increase the risk of cancer. While occasionally used in pregnancy it is unclear if pyrimethamine is safe for the baby. It is classified as a folic acid antagonist. It works by inhibiting folic acid metabolism and therefore the making of DNA.
It was discovered in 1952 and came into medical use in 1953. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was approved as a generic in the United States in February 2020. | It is a natural product found in Carica papaya with data available. | 0 |
It (INN), used in the form of lapatinib ditosylate (USAN) (trade names Tykerb and Tyverb marketed by Novartis) is an orally active drug for breast cancer and other solid tumours. It is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor which interrupts the HER2/neu and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. It is used in combination therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer. It is used for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer whose tumors overexpress HER2 (ErbB2). | It is an acetate ester that is uracil in which the three hydroxy hydrogens are replaced by acetate group. A prodrug for uridine, it is used for the treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria and for management of fluorouracil toxicity. It has a role as a prodrug, a neuroprotective agent and an orphan drug. It is a member of uridines and an acetate ester. | 0 |
It (Operidine or Lealgin), is an opioid analgesic which is structurally related to pethidine and is used clinically as a general anesthetic. | It is a steroid ester. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Monurol among others, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat lower urinary tract infections. It is not indicated for kidney infections. Occasionally it is used for prostate infections. It is generally taken by mouth.
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and vaginal yeast infections. Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. While use during pregnancy has not been found to be harmful, such use is not recommended. A single dose when breastfeeding appears safe. It works by interfering with the production of the bacterial cell wall.
It was discovered in 1969 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1996 . It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies fosfomycin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. It was originally produced by certain types of Streptomyces', although it is now made chemically. | It, also known by its developmental code name R-55667, is a serotonin antagonist medication described as an anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiparkinsonian agent, and antihypertensive agent. It was chiefly investigated as a drug to treat insomnia, especially to enhance sleep quality by significantly increasing slow wave sleep by virtue of potent and concomitant 5HT2a and 5HT2c antagonism
It was never marketed for medical use due to safety problems but is currently used in scientific research.
Some of the safety liabilities that lead to its discontinuation for the treatment of insomnia has led to its potential repurposing in the field of oncology. Specifically, ritanserin acts as a potent inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα). As such, it may be used to treat certain types of glioblastoma and melanoma. It has also been used as a reference compound to identify putatively more selective and potent DGKα inhibitors to treat these forms of cancer as well as possibly others.
Additionally, ritanserin blocks c-RAF activation and induces apoptotic cell death of non–small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer cells. | 0 |
L-proline is pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-It is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. It has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a member of compatible osmolytes. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a proline and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-prolinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-prolinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-proline. It is a tautomer of a L-proline zwitterion. | It is an organic compound with the formula CHOCHCHCH=CH. It is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. A member of the phenylpropanoid family of natural products, it is found in sassafras plants, among others. Small amounts are found in a wide variety of plants, where it functions as a natural antifeedant. Ocotea pretiosa, which grows in Brazil, and Sassafras albidum, which grows in eastern North America, are the main natural sources of safrole. It has a characteristic "sweet-shop" aroma.
It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, the fragrance piperonal via isosafrole, and the empathogenic/entactogenic substance MDMA. | 0 |
It is a furanocoumarin. | It is a carbamate pesticide, widely used around the world to control insects on a wide variety of field crops, including potatoes, corn and soybeans. It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained. It also has contact activity against pests. It is one of the most toxic pesticides still in use.
It is marketed under the trade names Furadan, by FMC Corporation and Curaterr 10 GR, by Bayer among several others.
It exhibits toxicity mediated by the same mechanism as that of the notorious V-series nerve agents and presents a risk to human health. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the United States Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. | 0 |
It is a harmala alkaloid. | It is a member of imidazolidines. | 0 |
It is a fatty acid methyl ester. | It is the organic compound with the formula (CHCHCOCH). It is a colorless oily liquid. Although the main commercial interest in adipates is related to the production of nylons, this diester is used as a plasticizer, a solvent for paint stripping and resins, and a pigment dispersant. | 1 |
It is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula , often abbreviated as , where Ph stands for phenyl. It is a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is an aromatic sulfide. The molecule consists of two phenyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. | It is an aryl sulfide that consists of two phenyl groups connected by a sulphur atom. | 1 |
It is a natural product found in Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea dregeana, and Dioscorea bulbifera with data available. | It is a monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. It has a role as a plant metabolite. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug. It is a benzazepine, a tertiary amino compound, a carbobicyclic compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of an ivabradine(1+). | It is a member of biphenyls and a 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. | 0 |
It is a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial drug and a bacterial metabolite. It is functionally related to a vancomycin aglycone. It is a conjugate base of a vancomycin(1+). | It (synonyms imazalil, chloramizole) is a fungicide widely used in agriculture, particularly in the growing of citrus fruits. Trade names include Freshgard, Fungaflor, and Nuzone.
It is also used in veterinary medicine as a topical antimycotic. | 0 |
It () is a gaseous oxide of phosphorus. It is a free radical that plays a role in the chemiluminescence of phosphorus and phosphine. It is produced when phosphates are heated to high temperatures.
In the ground state the molecule is bent, like nitrogen dioxide, but there is an excited state that is linear. | It is a sulfonamide. | 0 |
Linalyl acetate is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an antimicrobial agent and a food component. It contains a (R)-linalyl acetate and a (S)-linalyl acetate. | It is the sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). It has a role as a mutagen, an antibacterial agent, an explosive and a mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor. It contains an azide anion. | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Exjade & Asunra (in injectable form) & Oleptiss (Tablet formulation) both by Novartis among others, is an oral iron chelator. Its main use is to reduce chronic iron overload in patients who are receiving long-term blood transfusions for conditions such as beta-thalassemia and other chronic anemias. It is the first oral medication approved in the United States for this purpose.
It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2005.
According to the FDA (May 2007), kidney failure and cytopenias have been reported in patients receiving deferasirox tablets for oral suspension. It is approved in the European Union by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for children six years and older for chronic iron overload from repeated blood transfusions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In July 2020, Teva decided to discontinue deferasirox. It is available as a generic medication. | It is an oxoaporphine alkaloid. It has a role as a metabolite. | 0 |
Ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid is an ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity. It has a role as an anti-HIV-1 agent, an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an ent-kaur-16-en-19-oate. | It is a benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid with the primary aromatic amino group of 4-methyl-N(3)-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diamine. Used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a N-methylpiperazine, a member of pyridines, a member of benzamides, an aromatic amine and a member of pyrimidines. It is functionally related to a benzamide. | 0 |
It is a member of 4-pyranones. | It is a racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs. It has a role as a drug metabolite, a xenobiotic metabolite, a cholinergic antagonist, an anti-ulcer drug, a cholecystokinin antagonist, a gastrointestinal drug, a delta-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It contains a (R)-proglumide and a (S)-proglumide. | 0 |
It is a dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. It has a role as a chelator. It is a dithiol and a primary alcohol. | It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Gymnodinium nagasakiense, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Apis cerana and Euglena gracilis with data available. | It is a natural product found in Humulus lupulus, Ficus erecta var. beecheyana, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a dialkenyl ketone. | It, or diisopropylidene acetone, is a yellow crystalline substance with a geranium odor, with formula or . | 1 |
It was a barbiturate developed in the 1920s. It has sedative and hypnotic properties, and was used for the treatment of insomnia. It was primarily sold as part of a combination product called Vesparax, composed of 150 mg secobarbital, 50 mg brallobarbital and 50 mg hydroxyzine. The long half-life of this combination of drugs tended to cause a hangover effect the next day, and Vesparax fell into disuse once newer drugs with lesser side effects had been developed. Vesparax reportedly was the drug that musician Jimi Hendrix supposedly overdosed on and led to his untimely death. It is no longer made. | It is a member of the class of aminopyridines that is 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-chloro-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A fungicide used to control grey mould, downy mildew and other fungal pathogens. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an allergen, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a C-nitro compound, a chloropyridine, an aminopyridine, a secondary amino compound, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a member of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes. | 0 |
It is a member of methoxybenzenes. | It is a monocarboxylic acid. | 0 |
It is an isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152###, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi. It has a role as a lachrymator, a metabolite, an antimicrobial agent, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is an isothiocyanate and an alkenyl isothiocyanate. | It is an isoquinoline alkaloid that is the N-methyl derivative of 5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline. It is an isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent, an aporphine alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. | 0 |
It is a mancude organic heterobicyclic parent and a member of indolizines. | It is an isothiocyanate that is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para- position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group. It has a role as a schistosomicide drug. It is a C-nitro compound, an isothiocyanate and a secondary amino compound. It is functionally related to a diphenylamine. | 0 |
1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline is a member of isoquinolines. | It is a natural product found in Areca catechu with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of arsonic acids. It is a conjugate acid of an arsonate(1-). | It is a carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a carbamate insecticide, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an acaricide, an agrochemical and a plant growth retardant. It is a carbamate ester and a member of naphthalenes. It is functionally related to a methylcarbamic acid and a 1-naphthol. | 0 |
It is a dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid, an olefinic compound and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is functionally related to a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an itaconate(2-). | It, also called freon-11, CFC-11, or R-11, is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). It is a colorless, faintly ethereal, and sweetish-smelling liquid that boils around room temperature. CFC-11 is a Class 1 ozone-depleting substance which allegedly damages Earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Passiflora phoenicia, Daphnia pulex, and other organisms with data available. | It, also known by the trademark Ethyl cellosolve, is a solvent used widely in commercial and industrial applications. It is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid that is miscible with water, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate.
It is manufactured by the reaction of ethylene oxide with ethanol.
As with other glycol ethers, 2-ethoxyethanol has the useful property of being able to dissolve chemically diverse compounds. It will dissolve oils, resins, grease, waxes, nitrocellulose, and lacquers. This is an ideal property as a multi-purpose cleaner, and, therefore, 2-ethoxyethanol is used in products such as varnish removers and degreasing solutions. | 0 |
It is a sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic and an antipyretic. It is a conjugate acid of a thiosalicylate(1-). | It is an amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is an organofluorine compound, an organochlorine compound, an amino acid, a secondary amino compound and a monocarboxylic acid. | 0 |
It (symbol Cys or C; ) is a semiessential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula . The thiol side chain in cysteine often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. It is chiral, but interestingly, both and -cysteine are found in nature with -cysteine having been found in developing brain (see Semenza et al., 2021). It is named after its discovery in urine, which comes from the urinary bladder or cyst, from kystis "bladder".
The thiol is susceptible to oxidation to give the disulfide derivative cystine, which serves an important structural role in many proteins. In this case, the symbol Cyx is sometimes used. The deprotonated form can generally be described by the symbol Cym as well.
When used as a food additive, cysteine has the E number E920.
It is encoded by the codons UGU and UGC. | It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Viburnum rafinesquianum, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group. | It (common name) or azanone (IUPAC name) is the chemical compound HNO. It is well known in the gas phase. It can be formed as a short-lived intermediate in the solution phase. The conjugate base, NO, nitroxide anion, is the reduced form of nitric oxide (NO) and is isoelectronic with dioxygen. The bond dissociation energy of H−NO is , which is unusually weak for a bond to the hydrogen atom. | 1 |
It is a natural product found in Spiranthes vernalis, Phomopsis velata, and other organisms with data available. | It is a chemical compound. It is the base chemical structure of various alkaloids in the Rauvolfia and Corynanthe plant genera, including yohimbine, rauwolscine, corynanthine, ajmalicine, reserpine, deserpidine, and rescinnamine, among others. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Taxus cuspidata, Ophioparma ventosa, and other organisms with data available. | It, also known as leurocristine and marketed under the brand name Oncovin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer among others. It is given intravenously.
Most people experience some side effects from vincristine treatment. Commonly it causes a change in sensation, hair loss, constipation, difficulty walking, and headaches. Serious side effects may include neuropathic pain, lung damage, or low white blood cells which increases the risk of infection. Use during pregnancy may result in birth defects. It works by stopping cells from dividing properly. It is vital that it not be given intrathecally, as this may kill.
It was first isolated in 1961. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is a vinca alkaloid that can be obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus'. | 1 |
It is a phosphoethanolamine. | It is a natural product found in Gossypium hirsutum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a prodrug and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of isoquinolines, a dicarboxylic acid monoester, an ethyl ester and a tertiary carboxamide. | It is a member of amphetamines. | 0 |
It is an aromatic ether. | It is a pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug, which is thought to enhance the oral bioavailability of ampicillin because of its greater lipophilicity compared to that of ampicillin.
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It (INN) (AY-27773) is an aldose reductase inhibitor which was approved for the control of certain diabetic complications.
While it was approved for marketed in several countries, it failed a Phase III trial in the U.S. due to toxicity and never received FDA approval. It was discontinued by Wyeth in 1997 because of the risk of severe liver toxicity and death. It was sold under the tradename Alredase. | It is an organic molecular entity. | 0 |
It is an organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. It has a role as an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, a fungicide, an apoptosis inducer, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a ferroptosis inducer. It is an organic disulfide and an organosulfur acaricide. | (S)-colchicine is a colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. It has a role as a mutagen, an anti-inflammatory agent and a gout suppressant. It is a colchicine and an alkaloid. It is an enantiomer of a (R)-colchicine. | 0 |
It is an organic compound that is classified as lignan. It is a bioactive compound found in the bark of the Houpu magnolia (Magnolia officinalis) and in M. grandiflora. The compound exists at the level of a few percent in the bark of species of magnolia, the extracts of which have been used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. In addition to magnolol, related lignans occur in the extracts including honokiol, which is an isomer of magnolol. | Leutinacin is a member of 6-aminopurines. | 0 |
It, also systematically named trihydridogallium, is an inorganic compound of gallium with the chemical formula (also written as ). It is a photosensitive, colourless gas that cannot be concentrated in pure form. It is both the simplest member of the gallanes, and the prototype of the monogallanes. It has no economic uses, and is only intentionally produced for academic reasons.
It has been detected as a transient species in the gas phase; also at low temperature (3.5 K) following the reaction of laser ablated gallium atoms and dihydrogen, and more recently in an argon matrix doped with vapour over solid digallane, GaH. | It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a metabolite and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of a taraxastane. | 0 |
It is an organic compound that is an aglycone of ginsenosides, a group of steroid glycosides. It is a dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpene sapogenin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng) and in notoginseng (Panax pseudoginseng). It is formed by the dehydration of protopanaxatriol. | It is a carbohydrazide and a member of pyridines. | 0 |
It is a chemical compound and an isomer of vanillin. Urolithin M7, one of the urolithins, has also been synthesized from 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde using the inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction. | It is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri and Vachellia rigidula with data available. | 0 |
It is a member of isoindoles. | It, formerly sold under the brand name Survector among others, is an atypical antidepressant of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) family. It acts as a selective and mixed dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent, and to a lesser extent as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
It was developed by the French Society of Medical research in the 1960s. Introduced in France in 1978 by the pharmaceutical company Servier, amineptine soon gained a reputation for abuse due to its short-lived, but pleasant, stimulant effect experienced by some patients.
After its release into the European market, cases of hepatotoxicity emerged, some serious. This, along with the potential for abuse, led to the suspension of the French marketing authorization for Survector in 1999.
It is illegal in both Germany and the United States. | 0 |
It is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH(CH)CH. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. These isomers are flammable liquids. It is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene. Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes. | It is an organic compound with the formula CH(OH). It is a water-soluble, white solid although samples are typically brownish because of its sensitivity toward oxygen. It is one of three isomers of benzenetriols. | 0 |
It is a disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antioxidant and a metabolite. It is a disaccharide derivative, a dihydroxyflavanone, a member of 4'-hydroxyflavanones, a (2S)-flavan-4-one and a rutinoside. It is functionally related to a (S)-naringenin. | It is an aromatic ether. | 0 |
It is a 3-hydroxy steroid. It has a role as an androgen. | It is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
It was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1990. | 0 |
It is an iridoid produced in nature by a wide variety of plants and animals. It was the first cyclopentanoid monoterpene alkaloid to be discovered. It is one of several compounds that may be extracted from the valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root and silver vine (Actinidia polygama), as well as several types of insects in the larval and imaginal stages. It is a cat attractant, with effects like those of nepetalactone, the active compound found in catnip.
Certain species of stick insects, including Megacrania batesii and Megacrania tsudai, possess a chemical defense mechanism which involves the secretion of an actinidine-containing substance from the prothoracic glands, when threatened by a predator. | It is a member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine bearing two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a pheromone. It is a cyclopentapyridine and a pyridine alkaloid. | 1 |
It is a dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is functionally related to a malonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a methylmalonate(1-). | It is a member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1. It is a conjugate base of a propan-1-aminium. | 0 |
It ( , ) (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure , more precisely . The compound is a pungent, colourless gas that polymerises spontaneously into paraformaldehyde. It is stored as aqueous solutions (formalin), which consists mainly of the hydrate CH(OH). It is the simplest of the aldehydes (). As a precursor to many other materials and chemical compounds, in 2006 the global production of formaldehyde was estimated at 12 million tons per year. It is mainly used in the production of industrial resins, e.g., for particle board and coatings. Small amounts also occur naturally.
It is classified as a carcinogen and can cause respiratory and skin irritation upon exposure. | It is a beta-carboline that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole which is substituted by a 3-(pyridin-3-yl)propyl group at position 2 and a fluoro group at position 8. It has a role as an antipsychotic agent and a dopamine receptor D2 antagonist. It is a member of beta-carbolines, a member of monofluorobenzenes and a member of pyridines. It is a conjugate base of a gevotroline(1+). | 0 |
It is a member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure. It has a role as a cardiotonic drug. It is a benzazepine, a tertiary amino compound, a carbobicyclic compound and an aromatic ether. It is a conjugate base of an ivabradine(1+). | It refers to organic compounds with the formula . It occurs naturally and is classified as three-carbon sugar acid. It is chiral. Salts and esters of glyceric acid are known as glycerates. | 0 |
It is a glycoside and a lignan. | It is a bio-active isolate of the Chinese medicinal herb Zanthoxylum nitidum. It was isolated for the first time, at least with the name liriodenine, from the heartwood of Liriodendron tulipifera, the common yellow poplar of the south-eastern USA. It is found in very many other plants, notably in Annona cherimolia and Annona muricata, widely cultivated for their edible fruit. | 0 |
It (INN), also known as sulphasomidine (BAN until 2003), sulfamethin and sulfaisodimidine, is a sulfonamide antibacterial. It is closely related to sulfadimidine. | It , or 9H-fluorene is an organic compound with the formula (CH)CH. It forms white crystals that exhibit a characteristic, aromatic odor similar to that of naphthalene. It has a violet fluorescence, hence its name. For commercial purposes it is obtained from coal tar. It is insoluble in water and soluble in many organic solvents. Although sometimes classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the five-membered ring has no aromatic properties. It is mildly acidic. | 0 |
It is an azaspiro compound, an oxaspiro compound and a steroid. | It, sold under the brand name Mydriacyl among others, is a medication used to dilate the pupil and help with examination of the eye. Specifically it is used to help examine the back of the eye. It is applied as eye drops. Effects occur within 40 minutes and last for up to a day.
Common side effects include blurry vision, increased intraocular pressure, and sensitivity to light. Another rare but severe side effect is psychosis, particularly in children. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. It is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. It works by making the muscles within the eye unable to respond to nerve signals.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. | 0 |
An iodate is the polyatomic anion with the formula . It is the most common form of iodine in nature, as it comprises the major iodine-containing ores. It salts are often colorless. They are the salts of iodic acid. | 2-oxoadipic acid is an oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and a human urinary metabolite. It is functionally related to an adipic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 2-oxoadipate(2-). | 0 |
It is a furanocoumarin. | It is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid. | 0 |
It is a capsaicinoid and analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers (Capsicum). Like capsaicin, it is an irritant. It accounts for about 22% of the total capsaicinoid mixture and has the same pungency as capsaicin. Pure dihydrocapsaicin is a lipophilic colorless odorless crystalline to waxy compound. It is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and 100% ethanol. | It, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant, and as such is used primarily to treat depression. Its effects may take up to four weeks, but can also manifest as early as one to two weeks. It is often used in cases of depression complicated by anxiety or insomnia. The effectiveness of mirtazapine is comparable to other commonly prescribed antidepressants. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include sleepiness, dizziness, increased appetite and weight gain. Serious side effects may include mania, low white blood cell count, and increased suicide among children. Withdrawal symptoms may occur with stopping. It is not recommended together with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, although evidence supporting the danger of this combination has been challenged. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. How it works is not clear, but it may involve blocking certain adrenergic and serotonin receptors. Chemically, it is a tetracyclic antidepressant, and is closely related to mianserin. It also has strong antihistaminergic effects.
It came into medical use in the United States in 1996. The patent expired in 2004, and generic versions are available. In 2021, it was the 124th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4million prescriptions. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Bletilla striata and Dioscorea alata with data available. | It is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the curry tree (Murraya koenigii) along with the related alkaloids mahanimbine, koenimbine, isomahanine, mahanine, and others.
A 2011 study of girinimbine found that it inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma, Hep G2 cells in vitro. | 0 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid anion. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate base of an acrylic acid. | It, sold under the brand name Hycamtin among others, is a chemotherapeutic agent medication that is a topoisomerase inhibitor. It is a synthetic, water-soluble analog of the natural chemical compound camptothecin. It is used in the form of its hydrochloride salt to treat ovarian cancer, lung cancer and other cancer types.
After GlaxoSmithKline received final FDA approval for topotecan on October 15, 2007, it became the first topoisomerase I inhibitor for oral use. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Aspergillus malignus, Rauvolfia serpentina, and other organisms with data available. | It is an alkaloid ester, a methyl ester, a benzoate ester, an organic heteropentacyclic compound and a yohimban alkaloid. It derives from a hydride of a yohimban. | 1 |
It is a monocarboxylic acid. | Se-methylselenocysteine is an alpha-amino acid compound having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a human metabolite. It is a member of selenocysteines and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a Se-methylselenocysteinium. It is a conjugate acid of a Se-methylselenocysteinate. | 0 |
It is a 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram. It has a role as an antidepressant and an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of an escitalopram(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-citalopram. | It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. It has a role as a sedative, a GABAA receptor agonist and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone, a C-nitro compound and a member of monofluorobenzenes. | 0 |
It, often known by the brand name Fazor is a plant growth regulator that reduces growth through preventing cell division but not cell enlargement. It is applied to the foliage of potato, onion, garlic and carrot crops to prevent sprouting during storage. It can also be used to control volunteer potatoes that are left in the field during harvesting. It was first identified in the 1940s but was not used commercially in the United Kingdom until 1984. The banning of chlorpropham as a sprout suppressant in 2019 has led renewed interest in how maleic hydrazide can be used in potatoes. | It is an alkaloid. | 0 |
It is an alkaloid. | It is a natural product found in Allium ursinum, Allium ampeloprasum, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |
It is a proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat. It has a role as an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, an apoptosis inhibitor, a cardioprotective agent, an anticonvulsant, a prodrug and a vasodilator agent. It is a thioester, a N-acyl-L-amino acid, an aryl sulfide and a L-proline derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a zofenopril(1-). | It is an organochlorine compound. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Paraburkholderia with data available. | It is a synthetic organochloride insecticide, now obsolete. Tradenames for methoxychlor include Chemform, Maralate, Methoxo, Methoxcide, Metox, and Moxie. | 0 |
It is an organic compound related to the water-soluble compound PABA (4-aminobenzoic acid) that is used as an ingredient in some sunscreens. This yellowish water-insoluble oily liquid is an ester formed by the condensation of 2-ethylhexanol with dimethylaminobenzoic acid. Other names for padimate O include 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, Escalol 507, octyldimethyl PABA, and OD-PABA. | It is an organic compound with the formula A white solid, it is one of the isomers of methylbenzenediol. | 0 |
It is an aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a member of indoles and an aryl sulfate. It is functionally related to an indoxyl. It is a conjugate acid of an indoxyl sulfate(1-). | It is a pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine-4-carbaldehyde bearing methyl, hydroxy and hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5 respectively. The 4-carboxyaldehyde form of vitamin B6, it is converted into pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, sphingolipids and aminolevulinic acid. It has a role as a cofactor, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a vitamin B6, a pyridinecarbaldehyde, a member of methylpyridines, a monohydroxypyridine and a hydroxymethylpyridine. It is a conjugate base of a pyridoxal(1+). | 0 |
It is a fatty amide. | It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties. It has a role as an EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent and an antimetabolite. It is a member of biphenyls, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a brequinar(1-). | 0 |
It (INN, BAN) (brand name Phenurone), also known as phenylacetylurea, is an anticonvulsant of the ureide (acetylurea) class. It is a congener and ring-opened analogue of phenytoin (a hydantoin), and is structurally related to the barbiturates and to other hydantoins. It was introduced in 1949 for the treatment of epilepsy, but was eventually withdrawn due to toxicity. | It is a chromone derivative, a phenolic compound found in cloves. It is also one of the compounds responsible for bitterness in carrots. | 0 |
It is a benzenediol comprising benzene core carrying two hydroxy substituents para to each other. It has a role as a cofactor, a carcinogenic agent, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a skin lightening agent, an antioxidant and a mouse metabolite. It is a benzenediol and a member of hydroquinones. | It is an aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union. It has a role as a carotogenesis inhibitor, an antioxidant, an EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor, an antifungal agrochemical, a ferroptosis inhibitor and a radical scavenger. It is an aromatic amine, a secondary amino compound and a bridged diphenyl fungicide. | 0 |
It is a member of naphthols. | It, or allenoic acid, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen discovered in 1947 or 1948 that, although studied clinically, was never marketed. It is an open-ring or seco-analogue of steroidal estrogens like estrone and equilenin. The compound was named after Edgar Allen, one of the pioneers in estrogen research. Although described as an estrogen, allenolic acid probably is totally inactive at the receptor, whereas a derivative, allenestrol (α,α-dimethyl-β-ethylallenolic acid), is reported to be a potent estrogen. Another derivative of allenolic acid (specifically 6-methoxy-allenestrol), methallenestril (brand name Vallestril), is also a potent estrogen and, in contrast to allenolic acid and allenestrol, has been marketed. | 1 |
It is an organic molecular entity. | It is a member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. It has a role as an EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, an antimetabolite, a bacterial metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Homo sapiens and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available. | It (contracted from ) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. It was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. It properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. It is rarely prescribed over concerns involving human neurotoxicity and potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy such as Adderall and Vyvanse. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine.
Both racemic methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. The highest prevalence of illegal methamphetamine use occurs in parts of Asia and Oceania, and in the United States, where racemic methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are classified as schedule II controlled substances. Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled nasal decongestant in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, owing to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is illicitly produced more often, owing to the relative ease of synthesis and regulatory limits of chemical precursor availability.
In low to moderate doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At very high doses, it can induce psychosis, breakdown of skeletal muscle, seizures and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid mood swings, stimulant psychosis (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to increase energy has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days while binging the drug. It is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Withdrawal from methamphetamine after heavy use may lead to a post-acute-withdrawal syndrome, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. It is neurotoxic to human midbrain dopaminergic neurons and, to a lesser extent, serotonergic neurons at high doses. It neurotoxicity causes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions, as well as adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity.
It belongs to the substituted phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It is related to the other dimethylphenethylamines as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula . | 0 |
It, sold under the brand name Moban, is an antipsychotic which is used in the United States in the treatment of schizophrenia. It works by blocking the effects of dopamine in the brain, leading to diminished symptoms of psychosis. It is rapidly absorbed when taken orally.
It is sometimes described as a typical antipsychotic, and sometimes described as an atypical antipsychotic.
It was discontinued by its original supplier, Endo Pharmaceuticals, on January 13, 2010. | It is a member of indoles. | 1 |
It is a natural product found in Lactuca saligna, Picris hieracioides, and other organisms with data available. | It is an onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a cofactor. It is a nitrogen hydride, an onium cation and a monovalent inorganic cation. It is a conjugate acid of an ammonia. | 0 |
It is a naturally occurring estrogen sex hormone found in horses as well as a medication. It is one of the estrogens present in the estrogen combination drug preparations known as conjugated estrogens (CEEs; e.g. Premarin) and esterified estrogens (EEs; e.g. Estratab, Menest). CEEs is the most commonly used form of estrogen medications in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms in the United States. Estrone sulfate is the major estrogen in CEEs (about 50%) while equilin sulfate is the second major estrogen in the formulation, present as about 25% of the total. | It is a dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of benzoic acids, a dimethoxybenzene and a member of phenols. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a syringate. | 0 |
It is a catecholamine. | It is a member of benzenes. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Pinus densiflora, Cyperus aromaticus, and other organisms with data available. | It is a natural product found in Staphisagria macrosperma with data available. | 0 |
It is a natural product found in Artemia salina with data available. | It is an alpha-amino acid ester. | 0 |
It is an aromatic ketone that consists of benzene substituted by a pentanoyl group. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. | It is a 20-oxo steroid. | 0 |
It is a diarylmethane. | It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Raphanus sativus var. sativus, and other organisms with data available. | 0 |