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(CNN)The North Carolina State Board of Elections said on Monday that it has the power to block GOP Rep. Madison Cawthorn from running for reelection over his role in the January 6 insurrection -- an open legal question at the center of liberal-backed efforts to disqualify him from future office. The bipartisan election board made the assertion in a court filing in a case Cawthorn brought against the board, hoping to shut down the constitutional challenge to his candidacy. Liberal activists filed the challenge to his candidacy last month. Their argument revolves around the little-used "disqualification clause" of the US Constitution, which was ratified after the Civil War to prevent Confederate officials and those who supported "insurrection" from returning to office. Cawthorn, who has denied any wrongdoing regarding January 6, filed a federal lawsuit last week to shut down the challenge. The elections board, in its court filing, said his lawsuit is premature and should be dismissed. The board also said it has the power to disqualify candidates based on constitutional considerations, not just based on state laws. "States have long enforced age and residency requirements, without question and with very few if any legal challenges," the board wrote. "The State has the same authority to police which candidates should or should not be disqualified per Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment." Read MoreThe case is still pending in federal court. The state-level challenge to Cawthorn's candidacy was paused while North Carolina draws new congressional maps. Liberal activists who have mounted the effort to disqualify his candidacy say Cawthorn stoked violence and aided the insurrectionists. Days before the attack on the US Capitol, he said it was "time to fight." And at the January 6, 2021, rally at the Ellipse, he railed against the "cowards" in Congress who planned to certify Joe Biden's election victory.

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Story highlightsNATO says it is deeply concerned about the recent upsurge in violence in UkraineReports speak of a military build-up of armor in separatist areas, fomented by a recent spike in border clashes (CNN)Tension is once again growing over Crimea, with Ukraine ordering its troops to be on the "highest level of combat readiness."The order came after Russia accused Ukraine on August 10 of launching a militant attack at "critically important infrastructure."It marks another fraught moment in relations between the two nations which have been greatly strained since Russia annexed Crimea in 2014.A NATO official told CNN that it is deeply concerned about the recent upsurge in violence in eastern Ukraine and called on Russia to reverse its "illegal and illegitimate annexation of Crimea."So what has caused the latest spat and what will happen next? CNN's Nick Paton Walsh answers the key questions.Read MoreAre things coming to a boiling point?It's always very hard to tell. The Kremlin likes to keep its intentions that way. But certainly we've seen months of reports of a military build-up of armor in separatist areas, fomented by a recent spike in clashes along the border between separatist areas and Ukraine's front line with them. Ukraine: Everything you need to know about how we got hereThese spikes happen periodically but this week the Russian security services -- the FSB -- claimed to have disrupted a plot by Ukrainian military intelligence to attack inside the Crimean peninsula that Russia controls, and that two of their servicemen were attacked in a failed Ukrainian incursion. Ukraine says the plot claim is nonsense. But Putin has used it to declare further peace talks as "pointless," and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has put his military in the east on high alert. It's not been this bad since open warfare in 2015.Why now?Outside of the Crimea incident, critics of Russia say it has long wanted a land bridge between the areas of Donetsk they control and Crimea. Sustaining Crimea has proven difficult as they can only supply it from the Russian mainland using ferries.JUST WATCHEDDisplaced Ukrainians need aidReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHDisplaced Ukrainians need aid 04:13If you buy into the idea, that this land bridge has always been Russia's plan, why now? Well, Russia has involved itself in another conflict the West needs an end to -- that in Syria. It is perhaps a higher priority to the White House than Ukraine, given the links to ISIS. The Kremlin may think it has helpful leverage there to increase its chances in lessening Western sanctions if it moves against Ukraine.Coupled with that, Ukraine's not been handling itself that well.Nationalists form an increased part of the frontline ranks, and sentiment has gotten uglier against the media too, leading one Ukrainian official to quit after details of journalists who worked in separatist areas were leaked and published online.Its European allies have grown impatient with the pace of reform. It all leads to more rather than fewer questions about how much automatic support Kiev can expect if its front lines blow up again. Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian security forces patrol in the village of Bobrovyshche on July 14, 2015. More than 6,400 people have been killed in the conflict in Ukraine since April 2014, the United Nations says.Hide Caption 1 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian security forces on the lookout in Bobrovyshche on July 14. The country's troops face daily attacks from Russian-backed separatists despite a ceasefire being in place.Hide Caption 2 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA man with a machine gun is among the Ukrainian troops standing guard in Krimskoe town of Luhansk, Ukraine, on June 25.Hide Caption 3 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineShelling between Ukrainian troops and pro-Russian rebels leaves damage in Donetsk, Ukraine, on Monday, June 1. Hide Caption 4 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA Ukrainian serviceman fires a grenade launcher on the front lines near Donetsk on Saturday, May 30.Hide Caption 5 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePro-Russian rebels carry the coffin of prominent separatist commander Alexei Mozgovoi during his funeral in Alchevsk, Ukraine, on Wednesday, May 27.Hide Caption 6 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineAn American soldier, right, trains Ukrainian troops on Tuesday, April 21, near Yavoriv, Ukraine. Operation Fearless Guardian, a six-month training exercise, involves about 300 members of the American 173rd Airborne and about 900 Ukrainian National Guard troops.Hide Caption 7 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineResidents flee with salvaged belongings during renewed fighting in the Jabunki neighborhood near the airport in Donetsk on Monday, April 13.Hide Caption 8 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA mortar round sticks out of the ground near a destroyed tank at a former Ukrainian army checkpoint outside Chornukhyne, Ukraine, on Monday, March 2. Russian-backed separatists had recently overran the area.Hide Caption 9 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineAn instructor of the Ukrainian volunteer Azov Battalion conducts training exercises in Kiev, Ukraine, on Sunday, March 1.Hide Caption 10 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA woman makes her way across a bridge destroyed in heavy fighting in Donetsk, Ukraine, on March 1.Hide Caption 11 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA volunteer gives humanitarian aid to residents of Popasna, Ukraine, on Saturday, February 28.Hide Caption 12 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA Ukrainian serviceman climbs out of a tank at a checkpoint near Horlivka, Ukraine, on Monday, February 23.Hide Caption 13 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA member of a Ukrainian military medical unit cries during a ceremony in Artemivsk, Ukraine, on February 23. Four of his comrades were killed near Debaltseve, Ukraine.Hide Caption 14 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA man holds a Ukrainian flag as he covers a victim of an explosion in Kharkiv, Ukraine, on Sunday, February 22. The explosion during a peaceful protest left two dead and 15 wounded. Hide Caption 15 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePro-Russian rebels stationed in Horlivka launch missiles on Wednesday, February 18. Hide Caption 16 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePro-Russian separatists take position near Uglegorsk, Ukraine, on February 18.Hide Caption 17 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineAn army ambulance damaged in recent shelling lies by a road near Svitlodarsk, Ukraine, on Sunday, February 15.Hide Caption 18 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian servicemen play with a soccer ball on a road between Svitlodarsk and Debaltseve on February 15.Hide Caption 19 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA woman salvages items February 15 from the rubble of a destroyed clinic where she had worked in Opytne, Ukraine.Hide Caption 20 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePeople carry a refrigerator through a balcony at an apartment building that was damaged in recent shelling in Svitlodarsk on February 15.Hide Caption 21 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA recent ceasefire was brokered during marathon talks in Minsk, Belarus. From left, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, Russian President Vladimir Putin, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President François Hollande and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko gather before negotiations begin on Wednesday, February 11. Hide Caption 22 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePeople stand beside the body of a woman killed during shelling in Kramatorsk, Ukraine, on Tuesday, February 10. Hide Caption 23 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA volunteer gets a medical checkup at a military base for pro-Russian rebels February 10 in Donetsk, Ukraine.Hide Caption 24 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian volunteer fighters and policemen arrest two men in Kiev, Ukraine, on February 9. The men allegedly arrived from Donetsk and were suspected of participating in pro-Russian rebel activities and organizing terrorist attacks in the Ukrainian capital.Hide Caption 25 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineResidents unload humanitarian aid in Debaltseve on Friday, February 6.Hide Caption 26 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA man rides a bicycle in Vuhlehirsk, Ukraine, on February 6.Hide Caption 27 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA child waits on a bus to leave Debaltseve on Tuesday, February 3, after increased fighting in the region. Hide Caption 28 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA man stands next to his car in Donetsk on Sunday, February 1, after it was destroyed by shelling.Hide Caption 29 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineThe body of a civilian killed during shelling lies on the ground in Donetsk on Friday, January 30.Hide Caption 30 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePeople in Mariupol, Ukraine, pour soil into the grave of a recent shelling victim on Monday, January 26. Hide Caption 31 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian servicemen prepare ammunition at a position on the front line near Mariupol on January 26.Hide Caption 32 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA man injured during shelling in Mariupol sits in an emergency hospital on January 26.Hide Caption 33 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA piece of an exploded missile sits lodged in the ground outside an apartment building in the Vostochniy district of Mariupol on Sunday, January 25.Hide Caption 34 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA resident walks by a burning building in Mariupol on Saturday, January 24. Hide Caption 35 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA pro-Russian rebel takes cover from shelling in the Kievsky district of Donetsk on Thursday, January 22.Hide Caption 36 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkrainePeople in downtown Donetsk react as Ukrainian prisoners of war are handed over by pro-Russian rebels on January 22.Hide Caption 37 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA trolleybus is damaged in Donetsk's Lenin District after its station was hit by a shell on January 22.Hide Caption 38 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA rebel takes aim while protecting a supply position in the Kievsky district of Donetsk on January 22.Hide Caption 39 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineRubble and debris cover the airport in Donetsk on Wednesday, January 21.Hide Caption 40 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineHide Caption 41 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineVladimir Bovrichev cries next to the body of his 4-year-old son, Artiam, during Artiam's funeral on the outskirts of Donetsk on Tuesday, January 20. The boy was killed during a Ukrainian artillery strike.Hide Caption 42 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineWomen sit in a shelter during a battle in Donetsk on Sunday, January 18.Hide Caption 43 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA building hit by Ukrainian artillery is seen in the Voroshilovsky area of Donetsk on January 18.Hide Caption 44 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineMen from the Azov Volunteer Battalion board a bus in Kiev to join the fight against the rebels on Saturday, January 17.Hide Caption 45 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineRebels sit atop a tank at a checkpoint north of Luhansk, Ukraine, on Wednesday, January 14.Hide Caption 46 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA Ukrainian soldier looks down from a military truck at the Donetsk airport on Tuesday, January 6. The airport has been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting in eastern Ukraine.Hide Caption 47 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineUkrainian President Petro Poroshenko gives a speech as he hands over new military equipment to forces near the city of Ghytomyr, Ukraine, on Monday, January 5.Hide Caption 48 of 49 Photos: Crisis in UkraineA Ukrainian volunteer fighter fires a machine gun at pro-Russian rebels near the village of Pisky, Ukraine, on Saturday, January 3.Hide Caption 49 of 49Has the power shifted?Not really. Russia always had a vastly superior army backing up and often fighting for the separatists. Ukraine has improved its military but remains underfunded and without the Western support it wants. There have been some assassinations of leading separatist figures and failed attempts in separatist ranks lately, which observers have interpreted as actions to consolidate Moscow's control. The separatists have had over a year to boost ranks and equipment since their last clashes in Debaltseve -- a frontline city of eastern Ukraine -- and Russia is a master of the long game. Ukraine has been too swamped in chaos to have kept up as an adversary.Who are the main players?Putin calls the shots and separatist leader Alexander Zakharchenko carries them out. Poroshenko on his side will face increased pressure not to yield, with a strong nationalist sentiment you may hear voiced through former POW Nadia Savchenko.Is anyone doing anything about it?Western sanctions against Russia over Crimea stay in place. So will those over Donetsk. But Russia seems to be weathering the impact domestically, blaming the economic damage on a Western conspiracy. Observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) have had their powers limited and much of the fighting happens at night when they aren't around. So, in short: no,nobody's doing much about it, hence why it's slipping so fast.This is a land war on the European continent involving a nuclear power, with a serious grievance against NATO. The stakes are very high, even though the West's desire to get involved is low.

3news

Story highlights Mother says police should have apprehended suspectISIS-affiliated website releases video of Amri pledging allegiance to the group's leader (CNN)Video has emerged of Berlin Christmas market attack suspect Anis Amri pledging allegiance to ISIS. The footage appeared hours after the Tunisian man was killed in a Friday morning shootout with police in Milan, Italy. The subject of a Europe-wide manhunt since Monday's deadly market attack, Amri was stopped in Sesto San Giovanni, a district in the northeastern part of Milan, just after 3 a.m. local time, Italian police said on Twitter.Full coverageWho was Anis Amri?Berliners mourn victims of market attackWitnesses describe sceneA video released on ISIS-affiliated website Amaq shows Amri pledging allegiance to the group's leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and vowing that "we will slaughter" the "crusaders who are shelling the Muslims every day."He does not refer to Monday's attack that left 12 dead and injured 48, and it's not clear when or where the video was recorded. Who was Anis Amri?Read MoreThe encounter that led to Amri's death began when Italian police asked for his papers. When that happened, Amri pulled a .22-caliber gun out of his backpack and fired at them, police said. Forensics experts gather around the body of Berlin atttack suspect Anis Amri on Friday in Milan. The driver of the police car returned fire, killing the 24-year-old suspect. A police officer, Cristian Morio, was shot in the encounter and is recovering in the hospital. A second officer, Luca Scata, was unharmed. Two countries tried to deport himAmri shouted, "Bastard cops," before he was killed, according to Milan police Chief Antonio De Iesu.Police Officer Cristian Movio was injured during Friday's shootout with Amri.At a press conference, Italian Interior Minister Marco Minniti said the slain man was Amri "without any doubt." The Tunisian had previously lived in Italy. The officers were not searching for him but stopped Amri as part of normal patrol operations, De Iesu said.Nobody had alerted the police to Amri's presence in the city.Amri traveled from France, report says Italian news agency ANSA said Amri came to Milan by train from the French region of Savoy.A spokeswoman for the French anti-terrorism prosecutor's office, Agnes Thibault Lecuivre, could not confirm the report, telling CNN the investigation was ongoing.Milan police said Amri arrived at the city's central station about 1 a.m. Friday.If he did travel from France, Amri would have passed through at least two European borders after fleeing Berlin. In response, Marine Le Pen, leader of France's far-right National Front Party, criticized the European Union's open borders policy as a "security disaster." German officials are working to determine whether Amri had a network of people helping him flee to Italy, German federal prosecutor Peter Frank said.Amri was on threat list Amri was considered to be one of the most dangerous Islamists in the country for months before Monday's attack, according to German intelligence officials.In March, he was put on a German security services list of dangerous people, which currently includes 549 individuals, the officials said. JUST WATCHEDHow the Berlin attack unfoldedReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHHow the Berlin attack unfolded 01:10German Chancellor Angela Merkel said in a press conference that government ministers will be assessing what security measures need to be adapted in the wake of this week's attack.Merkel said she had spoken to Tunisian President Beji Caid Essebsi about speeding up the process of returning Tunisians living in Germany illegally. Links to ItalyWithout identification, Amri entered Italy in February 2011 and claimed to be a 17-year-old minor, a spokesman for the Italian state police, Mario Viola, told CNN earlier this week. While in Italy, he served four years in prison after being involved in an arson attack on a school, his father told Tunisian radio. Police and forensics experts gather at the scene of Friday's shootout in Milan. Viola said that Amri's jail term for damaging state property, assault and arson at the Lampedusa refugee center began in late 2011. He was released in May 2015.Italian authorities ordered his deportation, but Tunisian authorities wouldn't accept the request on the grounds of a lack of proper documentation, Viola said.At that point, Italian authorities told Amri to leave the country, and officials lost track of him.Italian authorities cordon off the area Friday where Amri was shot.Amri was "not suspected" of terrorism at the time and was considered a "petty criminal," Viola said. The Tunisian came to Italy at the same time as thousands of others amid the turmoil of the Arab Spring, he said.He left for Germany more than a year ago. How the manhunt unfoldedAmri's fingerprints were found in the cabin of the truck used in Monday's attack, and German authorities are investigating whether the gun Amri used Friday was the same one in the shooting death of the truck's Polish driver. The slain driver may have been involved in a struggle with Amri before being shot. German authorities initially detained a Pakistani asylum seeker in connection with the Christmas market attack, but he was later released and a search began for Amri. European authorities offered a reward of up to 100,000 euros (about $104,000) for information on his whereabouts.According to German investigative files obtained by CNN, Amri had ties to an ISIS recruitment network in Germany and had previously discussed launching an attack there.Amri's mother: 'I want the truthAmri's mother, Nour Elhouda Hassani, said her son called last Friday to catch up. Nothing had struck her as odd. "All we talked about was how are you and how is everything. I did not notice anything strange about him," she said, speaking to CNN exclusively from her family's home in the small Tunisian town of Oueslatia. "When he calls me, he was playful and always laughing. He was not an extremist, he was like all young men around here. He always went out and drank alcohol."She demanded answers about his death. "I want the truth about what happened to my son," she said. "I want the Tunisian and German government to tell me what happened to my son. We want the truth. Why did they kill him? He was a suspect; they could have gotten more information from him, had they captured him alive. Was he a terrorist? No, my son was not a terrorist." CNN's Richard Greene, Lorenzo D'Agostino, Sara Delgrossi, Paul Cruickshank, Livia Borghese, Margot Haddad, Joshua Berlinger, Houda Zaghdoudi and Laura Smith-Spark contributed to this report.

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Story highlightsThe '70s changed the face of televisionSitcoms depicted more "real-life" issues (CNN)CNN's original series "The Seventies" looks back at the decade's politics, people and pop culture. But how did it look at the time? For the first episode, "Television Gets Real," we searched TIME magazine's vault to see how they covered six of TV's biggest milestones of the 1970s."Are you ready for some football?"ABC teamed up with the NFL, and Monday nights would never be the same. "Monday Night Football" made its prime time debut on September 21, 1970, and a sports series classic was born.The show began with the three-man booth team of Keith Jackson, Don Meredith and Howard Cosell. The comedic banter between Meredith and Cosell quickly became must-see TV.TIME's article, "Television: The Don and Howard Show," from December 14, 1970, picked up on the chemistry between the announcers:Read MoreMeredith's Texas drawl and bucolic quips sound as if they belong on one of ABC's "Monday Night Football's" competitors, "Mayberry R.F.D.", which makes them a highly effective counterpoint to Cosell's rasping New York pedantry. As Meredith told TIME's Mark Goodman last week, "If Cosell says, 'They have a paucity of plays, I may say something like, 'If you mean they ain't got a whole bunch, you're right.'" As a result, the Don and Howard Show has become so entertaining that at times it comes close to upstaging the action on the field below.Changing the face of televisionAt the start of the decade, rural fantasies like "Green Acres" and "The Beverly Hillbillies" were popular shows. With the rise of writer/producer Norman Lear, TV was about to get real. Lear broke down cultural barriers, redefined taboos, and took on bigotry in shows like "All in the Family," "Maude" and "Good Times."JUST WATCHEDNixon no fan of Archie BunkerReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHNixon no fan of Archie Bunker 01:59A TIME cover story from September 25, 1972, entitled "The Team Behind Archie Bunker & Co." discussed this new era of TV:Archie Bunker burst on-screen snorting and bellowing about "spades" and "spics" and "that tribe." He decried miniskirts, "bleeding heart" churchmen, food he couldn't put ketchup on and sex during daytime hours. ... He mentioned what had previously been unmentionable on TV. ... With his advent, a mass-media microcosm of Middle America took shape, and a new national hero — or was it a villain? — was born.Single women as leading ladiesJUST WATCHEDWomen in TV: From entry-level jobs to power playersReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHWomen in TV: From entry-level jobs to power players 02:58"The Mary Tyler Moore Show" and its spin-off "Rhoda" proved that female leads could be funny and authentic.Mary Tyler Moore played a single woman working on a nightly TV show during a time when lots of young women were entering the workforce. In "Rhoda," Valerie Harper's character moves to Manhattan to find an apartment, a job and a man.TIME's cover story "Rhoda and Mary — Love and Laughs" from October 28, 1974, discussed the two characters' appeal:Between them, the two very different, identical comediennes are the season's brightest clowns. On every show they prove that women need not be dingbats or contralto foghorns to win applause or affection. Almost alone, they are bringing back the forgotten tradition of the beautiful clown. From the look of the ladies and sound of their followers, TV '74 has a glow that extends to viewers who may yet be witnessing television's true Golden Age of comedy — stronger and longer than the one in the '50s.A comic invasionWhere Lear challenged taboos on CBS, producer Garry Marshall created more escapist fare for ABC, first with "Happy Days" and then its spin-off, "Laverne & Shirley."A second "Days" spinoff, "Mork and Mindy," turned struggling comic Robin Williams into a household name.TIME's article "Television: Manic of Ork: Robin Williams" from March 12, 1979, recognized his emerging talent:The secret of the program's runaway success is Williams. He is not only an inspired clown but also a perfect entertainer for TV's mass audience. Mork has the innocence and enthusiasm of a toddler discovering the world. But he is one toddler who can talk. Artless, gullible, endearing, he lets the audience in on every transparent thought that whirls through his head. ... But Williams is not so much lucky as talented. In his stand-up nightclub act, which he does for free, to keep in touch with live audiences and to try out new material, he displays a range that encompasses Jonathan Winters, Danny Kaye, Steve Martin and Daffy Duck.Rise of the miniseriesJUST WATCHEDLevar Burton: TV came of age in the 70'sReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHLevar Burton: TV came of age in the 70's 02:13When PBS' "Masterpiece Theatre" gained popularity adapting novels for the small screen, miniseries became a hit with ABC's "Rich Man, Poor Man" and the critically acclaimed "Roots."The epic dramatization of "Roots" was based on Alex Haley's novel, "Roots: The Saga of an American Family." TIME's cover story, entitled "Why 'Roots' Hit Home" from February 14, 1977, declared it "the single most spectacular educational experience in race relations in America":For eight consecutive nights, tens of millions of Americans were riveted by Haley's story of his family's passage from an ancestral home in Africa to slavery in America and, finally, to freedom. Along the way, Americans of both races discovered that they share a common heritage, however brutal; that the ties that link them to their ancestors also bind them to each other. Thus, with the final episode, "Roots" was no longer just a best-selling book and a boffo TV production but a social phenomenon, a potentially important benchmark in U.S. race relations.Big Bird's rising starJUST WATCHEDSesame Street writer on 'The Color of Me'ReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHSesame Street writer on 'The Color of Me' 01:38The bar was raised on children's programming in the '70s with shows like "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" and "Sesame Street." These shows proved that TV could be used as a medium to educate kids.According to TIME's cover story from November 23, 1970, called "Television: Who's Afraid of Big, Bad TV?" the goal of "Sesame Street" was to teach disadvantaged children counting, vocabulary, reasoning skills and an increased awareness of themselves and the world. But the show was also popular with preschoolers from wealthier backgrounds:It was a combination of the circus, a classroom and the Brothers Grimm. At first it was suspected of merely looking brilliant, compared with the boring horrors of standard children's programming. Vulgarity and violence dominate children's video: mice endlessly bombing cats, family "comedies" with dumb daddies, mischievous kids and dogs who wag their way into your heart. ... By now, even the most cynical promoters have begun to realize that "Sesame Street" is no fluke and that it is excellent in its own right, not merely relative to the rest of the junior TV scene. In its new series, just begun, the program proves that it is not only the best children's show in TV history, it is one of the best parents' shows as well.JUST WATCHEDCan you name these '70s TV theme songs?ReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHCan you name these '70s TV theme songs? 01:46

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Story highlightsFrance beat hosts Ukraine 2-0 in rain-lashed Euro 2012 clashJeremy Menez and Yohan Cabaye on target after 58-minute delay due to stormDanny Welbeck hits stunning winner as England edge Sweden 3-2Swedes become the second team eliminated from tournamentEuro 2012 hosts Ukraine were brought back down to earth after their opening match heroics as France clinched a 2-0 victory in stormy Donetsk.Play in the Group D match was suspended for 58 minutes as spectacular torrential rain and forked lightning put the players' safety at risk.When the teams returned to the field, the French made their superior technical ability count as clinical second-half strikes from Jeremy Menez and Yohan Cabaye sealed a comfortable win.In Group D's other game, England won a thrilling contest against Sweden to dump the Scandinavians out of the tournament.Soccer Live: Euro 2012 day 8 as it happenedYoung striker Danny Welbeck hit a brilliant winner 13 minutes from time after Sweden briefly led through Olof Mellberg's double strike.Andy Carroll and Theo Walcott were also on target for England in the 3-2 triumph, their first ever competitive victory over the Swedes.Ukraine 0-2 FranceGroup D favorites France proved too good for hosts Ukraine in a rain-affected Euro 2012 clash in Donetsk.After a huge thunderstorm caused play to be suspended for almost an hour during the first half, Jeremy Menez and Yohan Cabaye struck after the break to seal victory for Laurent Blanc's side.The game begun amid torrential rain and within five minutes of kick-off, Dutch referee Bjorn Kuipers ordered the teams off the field as thunder and treacherous forked lightning engulfed the Donbass Arena.JUST WATCHEDPatrick Berger backs Czechs to progressReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHPatrick Berger backs Czechs to progress 01:48JUST WATCHEDSouthgate: England must improve attackReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHSouthgate: England must improve attack 02:18JUST WATCHEDZenden: Holland must take their chancesReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHZenden: Holland must take their chances 02:30The continuation of the match looked in doubt as large puddles of water began to form on the pitch but 58 minutes later, the teams re-emerged to clearer skies.Ukraine, despite the cacophonous roar from the crowd that greeted their every thrust forward, found it tough to cope with France's slicker passing and movement. Home goalkeeper Andriy Pyatov was forced into a wonderful save with his feet to deny Menez, before batting away a Phillippe Mexes header.Veteran striker Andriy Shevchenko, a two-goal hero in Ukraine's opening match against Sweden, again looked the hosts' most potent threat. He saw one rasping strike palmed away by Hugo Lloris and then sent a thunderous long-range effort whistling inches over the bar shortly after the break.But just as Ukraine were finding their rhythm, France swept up the field and broke the deadlock.After some fine interplay between Franck Ribery and Karim Benzema, Menez cut inside Yevhen Selin and drilled a shot in at the near post.Three minutes later, Cabaye latched on to Benzema's pass and buried an effort past Pyatov from 15 yards.The goals completely deflated the Ukrainians, who escaped going further behind when Cabaye blasted against the post after a mesmerizing spell of French possession.The win stretches Le Bleus' unbeaten run to an imposing 23 games and it also made a bit of history.It is, incredibly, the first time they have won a European Championship match without either Zinedine Zidane or Michel Platini in their side.JUST WATCHEDEuro 2012 previewReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHEuro 2012 preview 04:07JUST WATCHEDEye-witness describes Warsaw violenceReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHEye-witness describes Warsaw violence 02:40JUST WATCHEDFormer Polish striker condemns racismReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHFormer Polish striker condemns racism 03:09England 3-2 SwedenEngland striker Danny Welbeck's sumptuous late winner settled a topsy-turvy match as Sweden were sent crashing out of Euro 2012. The Manchester United man's cheeky backheel sealed the points for England after Olof Mellberg's brace for Sweden had threatened to derail their more illustrious opponents.It was a sweet, if nerve-jangling, victory for the English, for whom Sweden had become something of a bogey team in international tournaments.But where England failed in Euro 1992 and the World Cups of 2002 and 2006, they succeeded in Kiev to put themselves in a strong position in Group D.A point in their final pool match against Ukraine, in which the talismanic Wayne Rooney returns from suspension, will be enough to see England into the quarter-finals. Roy Hodgson's side were on top in the first half and their pressure told when Steven Gerrard sent an inch-perfect cross into the box for Carroll to plant a trademark bullet header past Andreas Isaksson.But Carroll's wild challenge on Kim Kallstrom then produced the free-kick that led to Sweden's somewhat scrappy equalizer.Zlatan Ibrahimovic hit the set-piece against the wall before his miscued volley fell to Mellberg, whose shot was parried by Joe Hart only to bounce off Glen Johnson and over the line.The Scandinavians, needing a win, then went in front when Mellberg rose unmarked to head home his second goal from Sebastian Larsson's free-kick.But England hit back when an Ashley Young corner was cleared straight to Walcott, whose 20-yard strike deceived Isaksson and flew into the middle of the net.Substitute Walcott was then instrumental in England's third goal, racing to the byline and cutting the ball back for Welbeck to flick home a stunning backheel.

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CNN is committed to covering gender inequality wherever it occurs in the world. This story is part of As Equals, a year-long series. Ha Mamathe, Lesotho — Senate Masupha sits in her family home in the village of Ha Mamathe in Lesotho, under a portrait of her late mother. The inscription on the portrait, written in the Sesotho language, acknowledges her mother's role as principal chief of Ha Mamathe and the villages that surround it -- a position that she held for 12 years before her death in 2008.Outside, the carefully tended flower garden, wooden trimmings on the porch and old sandstone buildings have a story to tell. For generations, members of the Masupha family have lived and served as chiefs of this area. David Masupha, Senate Masupha's father, was principal chief before his death in 1996, and was a direct descendant of King Moshoeshoe I, the revered founder of Lesotho, home to the Basotho people."My parents were chiefs for all of their lives -- that was their right. I felt very secure when I was growing up," recalls Masupha. "But when my mother passed on, I was taken out of my comfort zone. There was a sudden tension in the family about who would inherit the chieftainship. I was a victim of this tension, because it was as if I wasn't even there."Read MoreSenate Masupha is fighting for the law on chieftainship to be changed.Masupha is the only child in her family, but Lesotho's laws prohibit women from inheriting the chieftainship. Women can take on the role if their chief husbands die, but afterwards the position can be inherited only by a male heir.When talk in the family turned to the possibility of evicting Masupha from her parents' home, she decided to take action. In 2013, she filed a case with Lesotho's Constitutional Court for her right to inherit the chieftainship, arguing that the existing law was discriminatory and therefore unconstitutional. But the court rejected her case -- as did the Court of Appeal one year later, where the judge argued that modernizing the rule was a matter for Parliament. Masupha's uncle -- her father's younger brother -- took over as principal chief, but she continues to live in her parents' home and to battle for change that she believes is long overdue. Laws that prohibit women from inheriting the role of chief have been invalidated in South Africa -- and in Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, women can now be appointed chiefs on the same terms as their male counterparts.Meanwhile, little has changed in Lesotho."A woman in Lesotho is not discriminated against -- she simply doesn't exist," says Kuena Thabane of the Lesotho Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA), which has been supporting Masupha's fight.Like Masupha, Kuena Thabane is frustrated by the current chieftainship law. Sitting in her small, cluttered office in the capital Maseru, Thabane gives an exasperated half-laugh. "You can only discriminate against someone who exists, but in Lesotho's laws on succession and inheritance, women are not even mentioned -- they are entirely overlooked."The Lesotho government has not responded to a request for comment.Among Lesotho's 22 principal chiefs, who make up the majority of the country's Senate, Khoabane Theko, principal chief of Thaba Bosiu, says he is the lone supporter of Masupha's fight."A girl child does not choose to be born as a girl, so in my opinion the laws that discriminate against her are totally heinous," says Theko, speaking at his home near the historical mountain fortress where King Moshoeshoe I established the Basotho nation.He points out the hypocrisy in the current system, in which female chiefs who take over from their husbands are generally well respected, yet their female children are denied access to the role."We don't consider the brilliance of a girl child and what she might be able to bring to the chieftainship if she was given the chance to rule," he says.Khoabane Theko is one of Masupha's few supporters in the Senate.Most other principal chiefs disagree. Peete Lesaoana Peete of Koeneng and Mapoteng holds firmly to prevailing cultural norms, arguing that in Basotho culture, a woman marries into the man's family and any future children belong to his clan."It cannot work the other way around," explains Peete. "If a girl child inherits the chieftainship she will take it out of the family when she gets married; she will derail the royal lineage. She cannot marry a man into her family. That is culturally taboo."Thabane is frustrated by this view that privileges tradition above all else and believes culture should not always be preserved."In my opinion, culture is an instrument that is used to oppress, and especially to oppress women," she says.Khoabane Theko, principal chief of Thaba Bosiu, reads the law against discrimination in the Constitution of Lesotho.Masupha agrees, rejecting any logic that sees women getting married as an obstacle.And she's hopeful that her constant campaigning, while having little effect on the laws of the land, is starting to have impacts at a grassroots level.She begins to smile as she describes how some women in her community who are facing gender-based violence or discrimination often confide in her."This tells me that they understand my fight and that it's made them look at the reality within their own families and break the silence and speak out," Masupha says.And it's a learning experience for her too. "Their experiences tell me that my case isn't only happening within my home -- it's also happening within my community."Two residents of Ha Mamathe walk along a tar road leading to the village.But raising Masupha's case with men and women at a bustling intersection in her home village reveals a divided community.Mpoetsi 'Mamosa Lereka, 43, stands out from the crowd in her trousers and heels, a rare sight in rural Lesotho, where most women wear skirts or dresses. Her face lights up when she hears Masupha's name. She remembers when her mother was chief and welcomes Masupha's challenge to the entrenched gender stereotypes that still govern the views of so many in Lesotho, including many women."When it comes to leadership, we always vote for men in Lesotho. We are made to believe that men should be leaders; that's our mentality," she says, adding: "We sideline ourselves as women. It's long overdue that this inheritance law changes; we need more women leaders in this country." 'Makhotso Makhoebe, a slightly older woman in a skirt, warm jacket and beanie, is one of those who opposes change. Shading her eyes from the harsh midday sun, she shakes her head as she speaks."Women should not be given leadership," she says. "They don't deserve that kind of power -- they have many more weaknesses than men and they don't know how to talk to people. We don't trust them. It's good that Senate Masupha lost her case."A 70-year-old woman, who did not want to be identified, waits for a taxi on the outskirts of Ha Mamathe. She supports Masupha's fight. "Even if she was a girl, she had the right to be a chief," she says.Inside the Masupha family home on the edge of Ha Mamathe, Senate Masupha reflects on her uphill battle."Patriarchy is entrenched in the fabric of our society, to the extent that women themselves see it as a normal way of life and continue to enforce it," she says, a hint of tiredness in her voice.She sighs, shifts in her seat and then raises her head, her expression still determined as she points out the progress toward gender equality made by Lesotho's neighbors."There's no way that Lesotho can sustain its current retrogressive laws," she says. "It's only a matter of time before we get to where we're supposed to be." The As Equals reporting project is funded by the European Journalism Centre via its Innovation in Development Reporting Grant Programme. Click here for more stories like this.

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London (CNN)The chairman of Yorkshire County Cricket Club (Yorkshire CCC) has been summoned to the UK Parliament to answer questions over the club's handling of allegations of "institutional" and "endemic" racism. Former Yorkshire cricketer Azeem Rafiq made allegations of racism at the Yorkshire CCC in 2020, after which the club apologized to Rafiq in August and said that he was the "victim of inappropriate behaviour." At least one player admitted to regularly using the term 'P**i' when talking to Rafiq, according to a report seen by ESPNcricinfo and detailed this week.The word is widely seen as a slur and used against people of South Asian and Middle Eastern origin in Britain.An independent panel looked into the claims on behalf of the club, and while the Yorkshire CCC issued an apology to Rafiq, nobody was disciplined.Azeem Rafiq, pictured here in 2016 playing for Yorkshire CCC, made allegations of racism at the club in 2020.Read MoreLawmaker Julian Knight called the situation "one of the most repellent and disturbing episodes in modern cricket history.""Given the endemic racism at Yorkshire County Cricket Club, I struggle to think of any reason why ... the board should remain in post," Knight, chair of the DCMS select committee, said on Twitter. Health Secretary Sajid Javid said in a tweet that "heads should roll at Yorkshire CCC," adding that the term used "is not banter." "If @ECB_cricket doesn't take action it's not fit for purpose," Javid said. 'By not taking a knee, cricket raised a finger': England cricket criticized for stopping kneeling in midst of fight against racismA leaked report said that the player accused of racism was exonerated because it was seen that this was friendly, good-natured "banter" between the two players, ESPN reported. Rafiq has accused the club of institutional racism and said that the investigation into his allegations of racism "lacked transparency and due process." In a statement released in August, Yorkshire said: "There were many allegations made against the Club, most of which relate to a period more than 10 years ago. Many of the allegations were not upheld and for others there was insufficient evidence for the Panel to make a determination." "It is right, however, to acknowledge from the outset that several of the allegations made by Azeem were upheld and that sadly, historically, Azeem was the victim of inappropriate behaviour. This is clearly unacceptable. We would like to express our profound apologies for this."CNN has reached out for further comment from Yorkshire CCC. The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) said they had received Yorkshire CCC's report into the racism and bullying allegations Azeem Rafiq made against the club."We are conscious about the length of time that Azeem has waited for resolution and the toll that must be taking on his well-being and that of his family. We are sorry that, as a sport, this has not yet been resolved," they said in a statement."We will conduct a full regulatory process that is fair to all parties, but also ensure this happens as quickly as possible. To achieve this, we have secured the services of a QC, along with other external investigatory support to upweight resource around our process. The ECB Board has also reaffirmed its commitment to further additional resource, should the investigation require it," they added. "We are aware that The Select Committee have called Yorkshire's Chair, Roger Hutton, to give evidence. In the meantime, we will press ahead with our investigation," they said.

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London (CNN)The Polish military has admitted it accidentally invaded the Czech Republic last month, but it insists its brief occupation of a small part of the country was simply a "misunderstanding."Polish soldiers mistakenly crossed the country's border with Czech Republic in late May before setting up there, the Czech foreign ministry told CNN. The soldiers, who had been guarding parts of the closed Polish-Czech border during the coronavirus pandemic, then started turning away Czech citizens who were attempting to visit a church in their own country.The snafu led the Czech embassy in Warsaw to take "immediate action" and notify its Polish counterpart, the Czech government told CNN, adding that Poland has still not formally explained why it mistakenly annexed its neighbor."Our Polish counterparts unofficially assured us that this incident was merely a misunderstanding caused by the Polish military with no hostile intention, however, we are still expecting a formal statement," a Foreign Ministry spokesperson told CNN.Read More"The Polish soldiers are no longer present and our citizens can again visit the site freely," the spokesperson added. "We are still waiting for the formal Polish statement," they repeated when asked how long Polish troops were in the country.In a town of two nations, Belgian bars are shuttered. Dutch pubs will soon be open across the streetPoland's Ministry of Defense also acknowledged the brief occupation on Friday. "The placement of the border post was a result of misunderstanding, not a deliberate act. It was corrected immediately and the case was resolved -- also by the Czech side," it told CNN in a statement.The incident occurred near Pielgrzymow, a small border village in southern Poland that sits opposite a sparsely populated stretch of Czech countryside. A quiet road there serves as the boundary point between the two nations. "Soldiers of the Polish Army support the Border Guard in protecting the state border after its closure due to the coronavirus pandemic," the Polish Defense Ministry explained. "The operation is led by Armed Forces Operational Command, which is in direct contact with the Border Guard." The Polish government did not confirm how long its soldiers were present in the Czech Republic.Borders between European Union countries are often barely visible as citizens enjoy freedom of movement across the bloc.But the coronavirus pandemic has complicated that longstanding arrangement, with nations shutting off entry to foreigners to control the spread of the virus. Poland has blocked people from entering the country since March.Poland was involved in a handful of more serious border conflicts with the former Czechoslovakia during the 20th century. The two countries fought a seven-day war over territory in the Silesia region in 1919, and Poland annexed a region around the city of Bohumin in 1938.

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Story highlights12-year-old Keith Bennett was a victim of notorious killer Ian Brady in 1964Brady admitted his murder in 1987 but has not revealed the location of the bodyPolice are investigating the possibility he has put the information in a sealed letterThe boy's mother has never given up hope of finding his body but is seriously illDecades after the crime, police are investigating what could be a clue to the burial place of the last unrecovered victim of one of Britain's most notorious killers, "Moors Murderer" Ian Brady.Keith Bennett was just 12 years old when he went missing on June 16, 1964, in northern England on his way to visit his grandmother. Brady, who was jailed for life in 1966 for three other child murders committed with the help of his partner Myra Hindley, admitted killing the boy in 1987 but has never disclosed the whereabouts of his body.The other four victims were buried on Saddleworth Moor, a lonely upland expanse in the Pennine hills, near Manchester.Keith's mother, Winnie Johnson, has spent the decades since he vanished searching for her lost son but is herself gravely ill.Now, police are investigating claims that Brady may recently have given details of the burial spot to one of his longtime visitors, in a sealed letter to be passed to Johnson after Brady's death. The information came to light when a documentary filmmaker interviewed a woman who has been acting as Brady's mental health adviser, the Press Association news agency reported.A 49-year-old woman was arrested in South Wales on Thursday on suspicion of preventing the burial of a body without lawful exercise, and has been released on bail pending further inquiries, a Greater Manchester Police statement said.Documents have also been seized from the address and are being examined, police said.In the statement, Martin Bottomley, head of the force's cold case review team, cautioned against leaping to conclusions but said police were taking the lead seriously."I want to be explicitly clear about this: Ian Brady has not revealed to police the location of Keith's body," he said."What we are looking at is the possibility, and at this stage it is only a possibility, that he has written a letter to Keith's mum Winnie Johnson which was not to be opened until after his death. We do not know if this is true or simply a ruse, but we clearly have a duty to investigate such information on behalf of Keith's family."Since Keith was so cruelly taken away all those years ago, our thoughts have always been with his family as they try to come to terms with what happened. All they want is to finally be able to lay Keith to rest."The Moors murders have cast "a long and dark shadow" over the area, he said.Police have been in contact with Keith Bennett's family and staff at Ashworth Hospital, the high-security psychiatric institution where Brady is held.He has refused food for the past 12 years, in a bid to die, and is fed through a tube, the Press Association reports.Brady and Hindley were taken by police to Saddleworth Moor to look for the bodies of Bennett and another victim, 16-year-old Pauline Reade, after they admitted those killings in 1987, the news agency says. However, only Reade's remains were found.Keith's brother, Alan Bennett, runs the family's Searching for Keith website, where information about the case is posted, as well as pictures of the family taken before the tragedy."He was a son, a brother, a friend and should have been a father, grandfather and maybe a great-grandfather. He should have been whatever he wanted to be," Alan Bennett writes.A police poster appealing for information that was put up in shops and windows at the time Keith went missing shows a cheerful, bespectacled boy.Johnson is quoted on the website as saying: "My greatest hope in this life from the day he left is to have him home, I now accept he is not alive but I still believe I have the right as his mother to give him a Christian burial."

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Story highlightsDemonstrators mark anniversary of anti-Putin movement at an unsanctioned protest Turnout was significantly lower than last winter's rallies, which attracted more than 100,000 Ksenia Sobchak, the socialite turned opposition leader, and her boyfriend among those detainedA few thousand Muscovites braved police and subzero temperatures to mark the first anniversary of Russia's anti-Putin movement at an unsanctioned protest in central Moscow.While turnout was significantly lower than last winter's rallies, which at one point attracted more than 100,000 people, those that came faced more serious consequences, including jail and fines of more than $9,500 -- nearly the average monthly Russian salary.Hundreds of riot police cordoned off protesters who gathered next to the headquarters of the Russia's FSB security service and the former home of the KGB during the Soviet Union.Alexei Navalny, the popular anti-corruption blogger, and Sergei Udaltsov, a leftist activist, were detained by police immediately upon arriving, as were Ksenia Sobchak, the socialite turned opposition leader, and her boyfriend the activist Ilya Yashin.All four were taken to a police station in the south of Moscow but released within hours.Police initially allowed the crowd gather peacefully, but after an hour began closing in on specific protesters who they arrested in often brutal scenes. An estimated 40 people were detained.The rally was the first major protest to not receive approval from Moscow authorities, a sign of hardening relations between the city government and opposition leaders who refused to hold the rally at alternative locations suggested by the state.The demonstration is unlikely to breathe new life into the opposition, which has struggled to find direction since Vladimir Putin's re-election in March. Yet the turnout was arguably higher than expected given the threat of violence and fines.In the days before the rally, the state appeared to issue a warning to the demonstrators, announcing that a criminal investigation had been opened into Mr Navalny and his brother, and raiding the home of an associate of Mr Udaltsov."It was very scary for me to come. I cried this morning," said Tatiana, 52, who did not want to give her last name for fear of getting in trouble with her employer.She said once she had arrived at the rally she had become more confident, and had dared to affix to her coat lapel a pin that read "We were at Bolotnya . . . Arrest me!" -- a reference to the first major protest last year."They say that there we don't exist, but today we showed them that we do. Their laws created by an illegitimate regime an illegitimate president are not an order for us. We are in charge here . . . We will come out on to the streets again," she said.With no speeches or performances, the protest lacked the euphoria that coloured the demonstrations of a year ago. But those present insisted that were optimistic that change and reform would come, no matter how gradual."Over the past year, nothing particularly changed in politics. However, I think society has started thinking a bit about what needs to be done," said Ivan Kosnisky, a designer."We need to change from within. I don't know if there is a universal recipe. But we need to stop being indifferent and start thinking of things that are located outside our own apartments."He added: "I see the faces here I usually see at the Moscow Conservatory or the Tretyakovsky art gallery. It's simply pleasant for me to chat here with these people who are clearly of the same mind."

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Todd Graham is the director of debate at Southern Illinois University. His debate teams have won five national championships, and he has been recognized three times as the national debate coach of the year. Follow him on Facebook and Twitter. The views expressed in this commentary belong solely to the author. View more opinion at CNN. (CNN)Complaining about debate moderators has now become part of the game, the same way we argue about officiating in sports. According to a report by the Annenberg Debate Reform Working Group, which was created to figure out how to increase the value of presidential general election debates, there are four main areas of criticism aimed at presidential debate moderators. I'll address these and provide some workable tips that can be used by this year's group. Todd GrahamChris Wallace from Fox News, Steve Scully from C-SPAN, and Kristen Welker from NBC News will run the three presidential debates between President Donald Trump and Joe Biden, while Susan Page from USA Today takes the helm in the vice-presidential debate between Vice President Mike Pence and Sen. Kamala Harris. Favoritism/bias:All the moderators are pros. This is an area not worth spending much energy on, even though it's the most common complaint, with 41% of those surveyed in the report saying that they are extremely or very concerned about it. Everybody at home loves shouting bias, and they're just wrong. Hearing, "the referees were paid off ... they want our team to lose," is as old as competitions have been around. I've watched every debate for a quarter of a century, and bias in moderators should be the least of our worries. Debate coach: The best debate advice Joe Biden will ever get It's the opposite that I fear might be the case in the upcoming debates. Moderators could be so worried about being perceived as biased that they oversteer and go in the other direction, toward "fairness." I know that sounds like a good thing, but hear me out, because the notion of "fairness" in debates can actually turn into another, very different, form of bias. It's called the fallacy of false equivalence—also called false balance or bothsidesism. And I believe that's the area this year's moderators must fight against. Read MoreIf they think, "Well, I've given Trump a hard question about a topic where he clearly seems to be wrong, therefore I must find something about Biden that is marginally questionable and grill him on that issue with equal fervor..." then that's when the moderators will actually be demonstrating an unintentional bias of false equivalence. And the debate format lends itself to making this mistake. Moderators present questions for each candidate back and forth with equal time. While on its face that sounds fair, the problem arises if candidates are given especially sharp or critical questions, but their transgressions (or policies) are not equally flawed. It appears to the audience that "they both do it, so it's a wash," when in fact one candidate is much worse than the other. Not controlling the candidates:This usually happens when candidates either interrupt their opponent or speak over their allotted time. History demonstrates that unless the moderators take control immediately, both Trump and Biden will interrupt each other so much that the debates will become a race to the bottom.As for going overtime, having a bell (an airhorn would actually be awesome) that goes off, and keeps ringing until the candidate shuts up is the best solution. Otherwise, it's up to the moderators to verbally cut them off, and they will often let one candidate get away with more rule-breaking, not because the moderators are biased but because they don't know how to handle aggressive debaters for 90 minutes. And Trump will inevitably attempt to manipulate the moderators. It's actually a strength of his. A "nice" moderator will get bullied. Here, patience is not a virtue. Overstepping bounds:Howard K. Smith, who moderated the first televised presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960, set the standard of "staying out of the way." However, candidates have become more aggressive in their tactics, especially lying. Trump may have set a record during his debates against Hillary Clinton. Frank Fahrenkopf, co-founder and current co-chair of the Commission on Presidential Debates, recently said that moderators shouldn't be fact checkers, so the best way for moderators to adapt to this is to frontload the questions. Quote the candidates, put the facts out there, etc. while asking the questions. Then it appears less like you are correcting the candidate after they've answered, and you've set up natural follow up questions such as "where is your proof for that" and "do you have any specific examples to support that claim" (which are crucial) if one of the candidates persists with falsehoods. Don't leave it solely up to the candidates to fact check, as that gives an insurmountable advantage to whoever lies the most, forcing their opponent to waste precious speaking time correcting false statements. Not the right questions/failing to address important issues:You can't please everybody, but the format this year, allowing the first debate topics to be released one week in advance, is helpful. Chris Wallace has already announced his topics, and the other moderators can decide which areas to include based off the first debate. The topics are: The Trump and Biden Records, the Supreme Court, Covid-19, the economy, race and violence in our cities, and the integrity of the election. One more thing that I'd add from my own observation as a bonus concern:Experience matters. When it comes to success or failure, moderators may determine the outcome of the presidential debates. Time and again, moderators without experience have failed in their goal of running a smooth and informative debate. The moderators have ruined more than one presidential debate.Get our free weekly newsletterSign up for CNN Opinion's new newsletter.Join us on Twitter and FacebookIt greatly concerns me that Wallace is the only moderator with experience in handling a debate solo (in 2016). He was terrible when he first began moderating in 2011, making all the mistakes in the book. Heck, he even found new ways to bungle that debate by being snarky, sarcastic, and trying to one-up Newt Gingrich. But Wallace learned, adjusted, improved over time, and was outstanding during the 2016 campaign.Indeed, Scully and Page have never moderated a presidential or vice presidential debate in any form, and Welker's only done it once as part of a team during the primaries last November. I think selecting neophytes was a risky move from the Commission on Presidential Debates. It places way too much pressure on beginners in what might be the most significant debates this century. The novice moderators will have to overcome history if they want to perform well.

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Story highlightsCarlos Tevez launches appeal against club fine on transfer deadline dayDrijbril Cisse returns to the Premier League after a three-year absenceInter Milan's Thiago Motta joins Paris St Germain in a deal worth a reported €10 million Glasgow Rangers' striker Nikica Jelavic joins Everton on a four-and-a-half year dealAfter a frantic final day of dealing twelve months ago, this year's January transfer window has passed off in a far less febrile atmosphere.Despite not going anywhere, Manchester City's Carlos Tevez still managed to hog the headlines as he lodged an appeal with the English Premier League over his six-week fine ($1.6 million) for gross misconduct imposed by his club.The Premier League confirmed Tuesday that it had received correspondence from Tevez informing them of his intention to appeal. The Argentine striker hasn't played for the Blues since he allegedly refused to take the field during a Champions League tie against Bayern Munich in September. One Manchester City player who did manage to leave the Etihad Stadium was Wayne Bridge who has joined Sunderland on loan until the end of the season.The 31-year-old defender made just one appearance for Roberto Mancini this term and has played just 58 times for the club since he joined from Chelsea in 2009. JUST WATCHEDSoccer agent on tight money ReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHSoccer agent on tight money 03:20Bridge's former London employers announced Monday the signing of winger Kevin de Bruyne from Belgian side Genk for a fee of £6.7 million ($10.5 million). But the 20-year-old prospect will remain at the Belgian champions where he will play out the rest of the season on loan to gain more experience. Heading out of Stamford Bridge is 18-year-old striker Philipp Prosenik, who has joined AC Milan for an undisclosed fee. The Austrian under-19 international joined the west London club from Rapid Vienna in 2009 but hasn't done enough to impress new coach Andre Villas-Boas.Deadline-day: A football agent's inside storyNorth London neighbors Tottenham Hotspur have loaned out Croatian defender Vedran Corluka to Bundesliga side Bayer Leverkusen until the end of the season. The 25-year-old, who joined Spurs from Manchester City in 2008, has only made eight appearances in all competitions this season.Another Croatian on the move is Glasgow Rangers' striker Nikica Jelavic who joins Everton on a four-and-a-half year deal. The 26-year-old striker joins short-term loan signing Landon Donovan (from LA Galaxy) and Darron Gibson who arrived for an undisclosed fee from Manchester United earlier in the month. Gibson fires Everton to win over Man CityEverton's French striker Louis Saha has joined Tottenham Hotspur for the remainder of the season, according to the club's website. Fulham have agreed sell England international Bobby Zamora to West London rivals Queens Park Rangers for a fee of around £4 million ($6.3 million). Also on his way to Loftus Road is Lazio striker Drijbril Cisse who returns to the Premier League after a three-year absence. According to the Italian news agency Ansa, the former Liverpool and Sunderland striker has signed a two-and-a-half year deal worth €5 million ($6.5 million).Meanwhile in Italy, Inter Milan made three signings before Tuesday's deadline passed. Colombian midfielder Freddy Guarin joins on a four-and-a-half year deal from Portuguese champions Porto.The 25-year-old Colombian forward is joined by Italy midfielder Angelo Palombo -- on loan from Sampdoria with an option of making a permanent move at the end of the season -- and 20-year-old defender Juan, who arrives from Brazilian club Internacional on a four-and-a-half year deal. The triple signing is offset by the departures of midfielder Thiago Motta -- who has moved to Paris St Germain in a deal reported to be worth €10 million ($13 million) -- and Sulley Muntari who has joined local rivals AC Milan on loan.AC Milan have also signed the 21-year-old Brazilian forward Lucas Roggia on loan according to Internacional president Giovanni Luigi. Juventus have signed midfielder Simone Padoin on a five-year deal from Atalanta, while 32-year-old striker Vincenzo Iaquinta leaves the Serie A league leaders to join Cesena on loan for the rest of the season.

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New York (CNN)Harvey Weinstein, the disgraced movie mogul whose alleged sexual assaults sparked the international #MeToo movement, may be sentenced to a lifetime of shame and ridicule. Legal experts, however, now indicate he may never see the inside of a jail, let alone go to trial to face his accusers.The case against Weinstein is "unraveling," high profile defense attorney and CNN legal analyst Mark Geragos says, citing the infighting between the Manhattan District Attorney's Office and the New York Police Department as one of the main reasons he believes the Weinstein case won't go to trial."If you're on the defense here, you just sit back and watch them cannibalize themselves," said Geragos, who has represented high-profile clients, such as Michael Jackson and Colin Kaepernick.In October 2017, The New Yorker released an audio recording of Weinstein speaking with model Ambra Battilana Gutierrez as part of a 2015 sting operation. Without consulting the DA's office, the NYPD set up the sting after Gutierrez told authorities that Weinstein groped her a day earlier.In the recording, Weinstein makes potentially incriminating comments to Gutierrez, apologizing for touching her breast. Weinstein was not arrested or charged with a crime at the time.Read More"While the recording is horrifying to listen to, what emerged from the audio was insufficient to prove a crime under New York law," Chief Assistant District Attorney Karen Friedman-Agnifilo said, defending the DA's decision not to prosecute Weinstein. After the tape's release, the New York Police Department and the Manhattan DA's office traded public finger-pointing.The infighting, Geragos says, is symbolic of this "political hot potato" case, where the lines of public opinion and in-court litigation are getting blurred."A criminal courtroom is not a pretty place," he said, "certainly not a place to litigate social justice change."Ever since The New Yorker's bombshell report detailed allegations against Weinstein ranging from aggressive overtures to rape, his accusers and their supporters have called for justice.The NYPD encouraged the public to call in tips related to Weinstein to the Crime Stoppers hotline, and investigators cast their nets wide with police investigating sexual assault accusations in New York, Los Angeles and London. JUST WATCHEDHear some of Harvey Weinstein's accusersReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHHear some of Harvey Weinstein's accusers 03:04More than 80 women -- from those struggling to make it in the acting world to Hollywood A-listers, such as Gwyneth Paltrow and Salma Hayek -- have publicly accused Weinstein of unwanted advances. Of the dozens of accusations, only three were deemed by prosecutors to be within relevant statute of limitations and credible enough to build a case against Weinstein.The producer was charged in May with rape and sex abuse in cases involving three women. Despite credible claims, recent missteps by the former lead detective handling the New York sex crimes investigation against Weinstein highlight his defense attorney's position that the investigation is flawed.Last week, Detective Nicholas DiGaudio was accused of coaching a witness, causing one of the six felony charges against Weinstein to be thrown out.Weinstein has pleaded not guilty to the charges. His attorney, Benjamin Brafman, has said his client maintains "he has never engaged in non-consensual sexual behavior with anyone."The District Attorney's Office on Tuesday said DiGaudio told an accuser to delete cell phone messages prior to turning her phones over to authorities. This action could impact three of the five counts Weinstein is currently facing: predatory sexual assault and rape in the first and third degrees.DiGaudio is now the subject of an internal NYPD investigation and has been removed from the Weinstein case. He has not responded to CNN's request for comment."These issues undermine the fundamental integrity of the judicial process," Brafman told CNN. "This case is falling apart because it is a fundamentally bad case and bad cases eventually fall apart even when law enforcement officials try and stack the deck against the accused."Prosecutor Joan Illuzzi-Orbon told reporters she remains confident in the case against Weinstein."Nothing in this disclosure of count six impacts the strength of the case," Illuzzi-Orbon said. "We are moving full steam ahead."The NYPD also disputed the notion that the case is in trouble."The evidence against Mr. Weinstein is compelling and strong," a spokesperson for the department told CNN. "The NYPD will continue its work with the prosecution to deliver justice for the courageous survivors who have bravely come forward."Weinstein is expected to appear for proceedings at the New York Supreme Court on December 20.CNN's Eric Levenson contributed to this report.

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(CNN)Marg Makins' family has been in the trucking business for generations. As she watches the crowds of truckers protest vaccine mandates across Canada, she wants to tell them about her son who died from Covid-19.David Mitchell, 70, was a veteran trucker before he died on October 15, Makins said. She says her son was not vaccinated."It's a horrible thing to watch somebody die of this disease," Makins, who lives in a small Ontario town, told CNN on Tuesday. "I'm hoping (these truckers) can hear what I have to say and how bad Covid can be and maybe save somebody in their family or even themselves."The Canadian trucker protest is in its second week. This is how we got hereThousands of Canadian truckers are in their second week of protests against a mandate requiring drivers entering Canada to be fully vaccinated or face testing and quarantine requirements. The group also opposes other restrictions, like mask mandates and Covid-19 lockdowns. The protests stemmed from the "Freedom Convoy" of truckers, which traversed the country before arriving in Ottawa, crippling the capital city.Read MoreCanadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said these protesters represent a "small, fringe minority." Nearly 90% of Canada's truckers are fully vaccinated and eligible to cross the border, according to the government. 'Now all of my children are gone'David Mitchell battled Covid-19 for weeks. After he was put on a ventilator, he never responded to his family again.Mitchell was sick in bed for days before he was first taken to the hospital, Makins said. He was released after some testing."He looked very ill to me," Makins said. "He was in bed in a great deal of pain and couldn't even reach for his cell phone."His condition didn't improve even a week later. On September 18, he was having difficulty breathing and moaning in pain, Makins said. He was readmitted to the hospital and immediately put on a ventilator, she said.Mitchell was given paralytics, which are used to prevent patients from moving while on a ventilator. He could not even move his eyes or hands, Makin recalled, in tears."I spent many, many days and nights with his children at the hospital," Makins said. "I stayed overnight as well and never, ever was able to get any response from him."When the family decided to take him off the ventilator, Mitchell died within minutes, with his mother and loved ones holding his hand.Makins lost her last surviving child that day. Mitchell was Makins' oldest child; she lost her son Bruce in 2020 and her daughter Jane in 2010, both to cancer."Now my children are all gone," she said. "It's sort of the wrong way around. It's not the way it's supposed to be."The Mitchell family is pictured here together about 15 years ago, David (right) sits with his sister Jane, mother Marg and brother Bruce.Mitchell leaves behind two sons, a daughter and five grandchildren. 'My son was not an anti-vaxxer'Mitchell never got vaccinated, but it wasn't because he was against the vaccine, according to his mother."My son was not an anti-vaxxer, he just claimed he didn't have the time -- and if he was here, he would be sorry, wouldn't he," Makins said. "He knew that he should get it, but he just didn't get around to doing it."Mitchell worked a lot, driving across Canada and sleeping in his rig. He often brought his dog, Bull, along for the ride, his mom said.Marg Makins hopes unvaccinated Canadian truckers will hear her message and get vaccinated.His fellow truckers called him a legend, Makins said. Mitchell became a trucker when he was around 19 and was still working at age 70, until he fell ill, she added."He was very likable. Wasn't very good with the dollar. He spent everything (or) gave it away if he couldn't spend it on himself," Makins said. "He was funny, curious, always had a joke."Canadian protesters block the busiest international crossing in North America as tensions ramp up over Covid-19 rulesMakins' entire family was vaccinated, except for Mitchell and one of his sons, she said. Makins has received both doses of the Covid-19 vaccine and a booster.Makins said she does not understand why some truckers are refusing the vaccine. The situation is starting to "anger" her. "They're shutting down the economy of our country and (the United States)," Makins said. "It is really disruptive. All kinds of people, nobody can go to work or use those roads. Trucks can't get through with their cargoes, so it's time they went home."She added: "Freedoms are privileges."Makins comes from a long line of truckers. Her father owned a trucking transport company. Her brothers and both her sons were all truckers, she said.She hopes her message can save others' lives and spare families from this pain."You don't ever deal with it, you just learn to cope," Makins said of her loss. "I would just like to spare other mothers, other families and other friends" from the grief.

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Windsor, England (CNN)Buckingham Palace has revealed the 30 people who will make up the congregation at the Duke of Edinburgh's funeral service on Saturday.Prince Philip, who died last Friday at the age of 99, is being laid to rest on Saturday at 3 p.m. (10 a.m. ET) at St George's Chapel in Windsor, west of London.Arrangements for the funeral have been in the works for many years but the memorial service has had to be stripped back in light of the pandemic. The congregation of mourners will only consist of close family and friends of the beloved patriarch. However, the remembrance will retain the colorful traditions of a royal funeral and "are a reflection of The Duke's military affiliations and personal elements of His Royal Highness's life," a Buckingham Palace spokesman said Thursday. Members of the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery ride away from Windsor Castle, west of London, on April 15.Soldiers from the Welsh Guards bow their heads as they rehearse for Prince Philip's funeral in Woking, England on Wednesday.The palace spokesman said the family was "grateful" for the condolence messages sent from across the globe. Read More"The tributes received from young and old are truly a testament to the remarkable life and lasting endeavors of His Royal Highness," he added. Over 700 Armed Forces personnel from the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, British Army and Royal Air Force will provide ceremonial support during the funeral.Princes William and Harry will reunite to walk behind the Duke of Edinburgh's coffin with their father, Charles, and other members of the royal family as part of a private procession ahead of the funeral service on Saturday. Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipFlowers are left at Windsor Castle's Cambridge Gate on Saturday, April 10.Hide Caption 1 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipNew South Wales Premier Gladys Berejiklian, left, sits with Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Morrison's wife, Jenny, as they attend a special prayer service in Sydney to commemorate Prince Philip on Sunday, April 11.Hide Caption 2 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA young member of the St. Andrew's Cathedral choir squints in the sunlight following the commemorative service in Sydney.Hide Caption 3 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipMembers of the Royal Gibraltar Regiment march before firing a 41-gun salute in Gibraltar on Saturday, April 10.Hide Caption 4 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipMembers of the 105th Regiment Royal Artillery fire a 41-round gun salute at Edinburgh Castle in Scotland.Hide Caption 5 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA portrait of Prince Philip is placed with flowers and candles in front of the British Embassy in Berlin.Hide Caption 6 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA man arrives to lay flowers outside London's Buckingham Palace on Friday, April 9.Hide Caption 7 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipSoccer players stand for two minutes of silence before an under-23 match in Manchester, England.Hide Caption 8 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipPiper Ken Wilson plays the "Heights of Dargai" in honor of Prince Philip while the Canadian flag flies at half-staff at the British Columbia Legislature.Hide Caption 9 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipTwo people console each other in front of Buckingham Palace.Hide Caption 10 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipAn official notice announcing Philip's death is placed on the gates of Buckingham Palace.Hide Caption 11 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipNews of Philip's death can be seen on television screens at a shop in Nairobi, Kenya.Hide Caption 12 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA Prince Philip tribute is projected onto a large screen at London's Piccadilly Circus.Hide Caption 13 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipJockeys and trainers stand for a minute of silence at the Grand National Festival in Liverpool, England.Hide Caption 14 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA family looks at flowers outside Windsor Castle on Friday.Hide Caption 15 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA person in London takes a copy of a newspaper with a Philip tribute on the front page.Hide Caption 16 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipPeople gather outside Buckingham Palace, where the flag was flying at half-staff.Hide Caption 17 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA note is left outside Windsor Castle.Hide Caption 18 of 19 Photos: Paying respects to Prince PhilipA flag flies at half-staff in Belfast, Northern Ireland.Hide Caption 19 of 19While the Queen will not take part in the procession before the service, Prince Charles and his sister Princess Anne will follow a specially modified Land Rover, which will carry the Duke's coffin to the chapel. The journey is expected to take around eight minutes. Their siblings, Edward and Andrew, will participate in the procession immediately behind them. William and Harry will come next though they will be separated from walking together by their cousin Peter Philips. And behind them will be the final family members, Anne's husband, Vice Admiral Tim Laurence, and the Earl of Snowdon.Royals who are not involved in the procession such as the Duchess of Cornwall and Duchess of Cambridge will join the 94-year-old monarch to watch the funeral parade outside the chapel's Galilee Porch. This also includes blood relatives from the Duke's side who will be in attendance including Philip's great nephews, the Hereditary Prince of Baden and the Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. The Queen returns to royal duties following Prince Philip's deathThe decision for some royals to walk behind the coffin will inevitably draw comparisons to Princess Diana's funeral in 1997 when Charles, William and Harry participated in a similar procession alongside Prince Philip and Diana's brother Earl Spencer. Saturday's memorial will be unlike any other recent royal funerals due to the coronavirus pandemic. The congregation will wear masks for the duration of the service, the palace spokesman said. In line with the Duke's wishes, it will be a ceremonial funeral, rather than a state event, and all arrangements are set to take place within Windsor Castle without public engagement making sure to adhere to existing Covid measures. Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesBritain's Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, poses in his military dress uniform circa 1990.Hide Caption 1 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip was born into the royal families of Greece and Denmark. His family left Greece in 1922 and settled in Paris after his uncle, King Constantine I, was overthrown.Hide Caption 2 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip, second from right, enjoys a family vacation in Mamaia, Romania, in 1928.Hide Caption 3 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip, second from left, is seen with schoolmates at the MacJannet American School outside of Paris.Hide Caption 4 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip is dressed for a production of "Macbeth" while attending school in Scotland in July 1935.Hide Caption 5 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip was the youngest of five children and the only son. After his parents' separation in 1930, he was sent to England and raised there by his maternal grandmother and uncle.Hide Caption 6 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip sits with his fiancee, Princess Elizabeth, in July 1947. He had become a naturalized British citizen and a commoner, using the surname Mountbatten, an English translation of his mother's maiden name. He was also an officer of the British Royal Navy and fought in World War II.Hide Caption 7 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip practices cricket while in the Royal Navy in 1947.Hide Caption 8 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip and Princess Elizabeth married in November 1947.Hide Caption 9 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPhilip and Elizabeth hold their children Prince Charles and Princess Anne in August 1951.Hide Caption 10 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip jumps off water skis on a beach in Marmaris, Turkey, in 1951. The photo was taken during his last posting as commander of the HMS Magpie, a Royal Navy ship.Hide Caption 11 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip and Princess Elizabeth dance in Ottawa in October 1951.Hide Caption 12 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip and Princess Elizabeth were on a tour of the commonwealth when her father, King George VI, died on February 6, 1952. She was next in line for the throne.Hide Caption 13 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip waves from the balcony of Buckingham Palace after his wife's coronation in June 1953.Hide Caption 14 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip plays polo for Cowdray Park in the semifinals of the Roehampton Cup in 1954.Hide Caption 15 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen, center, and Prince Philip, left, pose with a tiger Philip killed on a hunting trip in India in 1961. They are seen with the Maharaja and the Maharani of Jaipur.Hide Caption 16 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip sails during the Cowes Regatta in August 1962.Hide Caption 17 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip laughs as the Beatles fight over the Carl Alan Award he presented to the band in March 1964.Hide Caption 18 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip, accompanied by sons Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, wave from a Buckingham Palace balcony during a parade in June 1964.Hide Caption 19 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe royal couple return to Buckingham Palace after a ceremony in June 1965.Hide Caption 20 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip leave Westminster Abbey in April 1966.Hide Caption 21 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip competes in a bicycle polo match in August 1967.Hide Caption 22 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip paints during the filming of the documentary "Royal Family" in 1969.Hide Caption 23 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip and his daughter, Princess Anne, prepare a barbecue on the Balmoral Castle estate in August 1972.Hide Caption 24 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip attend the Royal Windsor Horse Show in April 1976.Hide Caption 25 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip pose for a photo with their children Prince Edward, Prince Charles, Princess Anne and Prince Andrew in 1979.Hide Caption 26 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Phillip fishes in a Scottish loch in 1993.Hide Caption 27 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Phillip hunts at the Sandringham estate in 1994.Hide Caption 28 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Phillip tours the London Stock Exchange in 1998.Hide Caption 29 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesFormer South African President Nelson Mandela chats with Prince Philip in November 2000.Hide Caption 30 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip rides a mini motorbike at the Royal Windsor Horse Show in May 2005.Hide Caption 31 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip competes in the Sandringham Country Show's horse driving trials in 2005.Hide Caption 32 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip attend the annual Trooping the Colour ceremony in June 2011.Hide Caption 33 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip visits Sherborne Abbey during his wife's Diamond Jubilee tour in May 2012.Hide Caption 34 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen presents Prince Philip with New Zealand's highest honor, the Order of New Zealand, at Buckingham Palace in June 2013.Hide Caption 35 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe royal couple arrives at the Royal Ascot horse races in June 2014.Hide Caption 36 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip signs the guest book at Hillsborough Castle in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in June 2014.Hide Caption 37 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip smiles as he visits an Auxiliary Air Force squadron in Edinburgh, Scotland, in July 2015.Hide Caption 38 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Phillip and his grandson Prince Harry attend the Rugby World Cup final in October 2015.Hide Caption 39 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip wave to guests in June 2016, during celebrations for her 90th birthday.Hide Caption 40 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip feeds a banana to an elephant in Dunstable, England, in April 2017.Hide Caption 41 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip makes his final public appearance before his retirement in August 2017, attending a parade of the Royal Marines at Buckingham Palace. The event also marked an end to Philip's 64 years as captain general, the ceremonial leader of the Royal Marines.Hide Caption 42 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThis portrait, painted by Ralph Heimans, shows Prince Philip in the Grand Corridor of Windsor Castle. It was unveiled in December 2017.Hide Caption 43 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip attends the wedding of his grandson Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in May 2018.Hide Caption 44 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip poses with the wedding party after Harry and Meghan's wedding in May 2018.Hide Caption 45 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip is seen at the wedding of his granddaughter Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank in October 2018.Hide Caption 46 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip speaks with Sir David Attenborough ahead of an Order of Merit luncheon in May 2019.Hide Caption 47 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip pose for a photo in June 2020, ahead of Philip's 99th birthday.Hide Caption 48 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesThe Queen and Prince Philip look at a homemade anniversary card that was given to them by their great-grandchildren Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis in November 2020.Hide Caption 49 of 50 Photos: Prince Philip's life in picturesPrince Philip, right, leaves a London hospital in March 2021. He had a heart procedure a couple of weeks earlier.Hide Caption 50 of 50In a break with tradition, members of the royal family will not be dressed in military uniform and instead don morning coats with medals or day dress, the spokesman added. The subject of clothing emerged in recent days after some British media reported Prince Andrew wished to wear an admiral's uniform. Andrew stepped back from his royal duties in 2019 over his ties to disgraced financier and convicted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein. Britain looked like it was in national mourning after Prince Philip's death. Not all of it was.The Duke of York joined the Royal Navy in 1979 as a Seaman Officer, sub-specializing as a pilot. He was promoted to the rank of vice-admiral in 2015 when he turned 55. He was due to be elevated to admiral upon his 60th birthday but that did not come to be in the wake of a disastrous interview with the BBC when he discussed his relationship with Epstein. The decision against uniforms will also solve a dilemma facing the family as Prince Harry recently lost his honorary military titles when he chose to step down as a senior royal with his wife Meghan last March. Harry was enlisted with the British Armed Forces for nearly a decade before ending his military service in 2015. He served two tours in Afghanistan and achieved the rank of captain in 2011. He has also qualified as an Apache Aircraft commander.During the service, a choir of four will sing music selected by Philip for the occasion. They will be seated in the nave, socially distanced from the assembled family members and close aides. One notable absence will be the lack of congregational singing which is currently prohibited by public health guidelines. Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall view the flowers and messages of condolence left outside Buckingham Palace.Following the service, the coffin will be lowered in the Royal Vault below the chapel as the choir sings the national anthem.Here is the full list of guests who will attend the Duke of Edinburgh's funeral: 1. The Queen 2. The Prince of Wales 3. The Duchess of Cornwall 4. The Duke of Cambridge 5. The Duchess of Cambridge 6. The Duke of Sussex 7. The Duke of York 8. Princess Beatrice 9. Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi 10. Princess Eugenie 11. Jack Brooksbank 12. The Earl of Wessex 13. The Countess of Wessex 14. Lady Louise Windsor 15. Viscount Severn 16. The Princess Royal 17. Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence 18. Peter Phillips 19. Zara Phillips 20. Mike Tindall 21. Earl of Snowdon 22. Lady Sarah Chatto 23. Daniel Chatto 24. Duke of Gloucester 25. Duke of Kent 26. Princess Alexandra 27. Bernhard, Hereditary Prince of Baden 28. Prince Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse 29. Prince Philipp of Hohenlohe-Langenburg 30. The Countess Mountbatten of BurmaCNN's James Frater contributed to this report.

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Story highlightsRussian politician behind anti-gay propaganda law pictured in photograph of two women kissingVitaly Milonov behind law that bans "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations among minors" Spotting him on their flight, two lesbian activists kissed, took a selfie and uploaded it to InstagramMoscow (CNN)A Russian politician behind a controversial anti-gay propaganda law has been caught up in a social media storm in which he is pictured in a photograph of two women kissing.Vitaly Milonov was on an Aeroflot flight from Moscow to St. Petersburg when he was photographed by two women who took a selfie of themselves kissing in front of him.Milonov was the driving force behind a law that bans "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations among minors." As a lawmaker with the ruling United Russia party, he ensured the legislation was first passed in his home city of St. Petersburg before it was adopted across the country.In the past, he has called lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people "sick" and "crazy."Spotting him on their flight, the two lesbian activists kissed, took a selfie and uploaded it to Instagram.Read More"We are very happy. He probably isn't"Ksenia Infinity, one of the women in the photo, posted on her Vkontakte page (Russia's version of Facebook) that "as fate would have it, he was sitting in the row behind us."She went on to say, "Milonov didn't say anything. We did a photoshoot with him in the background. When he noticed what we were doing he hid behind his tablet computer. We are very happy. He probably isn't. But who cares!"Ksenia told CNN that she was "delighted by the positive global reaction" to the photo after it went viral on Twitter and was "liked" by more than 1,000 people on Instagram.'Psychologically sick'Milonov lashed out at the photographer, saying "I am tolerant towards all sexual minorities."He went on to say: "This shows that these people are not of a normal sexual orientation, but that their sexual deviance shows in all aspects of their lives. I didn't understand what they are doing but they have a nice sense of humor. I also have a good sense of humor. I will perhaps continue this joke by closing their gay club in St. Petersburg, or ban them from having meetings in public places, that's also a funny step."Milonov is currently working on legislation that would ban marriages in Russia between transgender couples. It comes after two people were able to get married in wedding dresses in St. Petersburg last year because one of them, according to passport information, is a man. At the time, Milonov told CNN that he was working to get the marriage annulled and that the people who allowed it to take place were "psychologically sick."He suggested that Irina Shumilova and Alyona Fursova should be committed to a "mental asylum" and that gay people who want to get married "should go to the United States." Read: Why Russia is hung up on homosexuality

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(CNN)They are traveling from Los Angeles and Sydney, Buenos Aires and Toronto, Stockholm and London to have their say in a landmark referendum that has divided their country. Ireland will vote Friday on whether to repeal the Eighth Amendment to the country's constitution, which says a mother and her fetus have equal rights to life. 'Irish abortions happen; they just don't happen on Irish soil'If Yes wins, Ireland is expected to enact legislation that will allow for terminations up to 12 weeks into a pregnancy. A No vote would keep Ireland's abortion laws -- some of the strictest in the European Union -- in place. Men and women from the Irish diaspora and both sides of the debate have posted about their journeys home on social media under the hashtag #HomeToVote, sharing photos and stories from airports, planes, cars and trains. Lauryn Canny, a Yes voter, tweeted a photo of her passport and boarding pass along with another picture of herself wearing a "Repeal" sweatshirt. "I'm coming #HomeToVote ! Will be traveling 5,169 miles from LA to Dublin and will be thinking of every Irish woman who has had to travel to access healthcare that should be available in their own country."Read MoreI'm coming #HomeToVote ! Will be traveling 5,169 miles from LA to Dublin and will be thinking of every Irish woman who has had to travel to access healthcare that should be available in their own country. Let's do this, Ireland! #repealthe8th #VoteYes pic.twitter.com/fZDxUIGrs9— Lauryn Canny (@LaurynCanny) May 23, 2018 Fia, traveling from Toronto, tweeted that she booked her flights home from Toronto "approximately 25 seconds" after the referendum date was announced. "To all of the women who have been, and continue to be affected by the 8th amendment - I'm so sorry. The women of Ireland deserve better," she wrote. Approximately 25 seconds after the referendum date was announced I booked my flights home from Toronto. To all of the women who have been, and continue to be affected by the 8th amendment - I'm so sorry. The women of Ireland deserve better. #hometovote #RepealTheEighth pic.twitter.com/wgDLgeI0RU— Fia (@fiarufina) May 23, 2018 Some people, like Alice Murphy, said they were unable to travel but offered to pay for flights home for Irish voters in Britain who were struggling with money. Irish working in the UK: if there is anyone who can fly home to vote on Friday but doesn't have the money, please DM me - I will pay for your flights home as I can't come home myself. #HometoVote #Repeal8th #TogetherForYes— Alice Murphy (@alicemurphy13) May 23, 2018 Another Irish voter tweeted how she had forgotten her "Repeal" sweatshirt on her way back from Vietnam, but her parents showed up at Dublin airport with a replacement for her.So I forgot my repeal jumper when I first started my travels in January and now my mam and dad are after showing up at Dublin airport with the jumper in hand and I just 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭😭 #HomeToVote #Together4Yes #repealthe8th #VietnamToIreland pic.twitter.com/lJ7yGvg5YO— the cute hoor (@HoorayForNiamh) May 23, 2018 Others expressed relief to meet other Irish people on the flight from Buenos Aires. Was actually so humbled and relieved to meet four other Irish people on the flight from Buenos Aires to London, all of them flying onwards to Dublin today or tomorrow to #voteyes. #hometovote #together4yes— Ciaran Gaffney (@gaffneyciaran) May 23, 2018 No voters also tweeted their stories, using both that hashtag and #hometovoteno, among others. Charlie Marglethon-Greenfree tweeted: "Off #hometovote! Come on. Don't vote to kill people like me: we may be/have been unwanted, but that doesn't make us any less human."The UK-based London-Irish United for Life, a No campaign group, also posted some stories of Irish people going back to vote against changing the law. "I support saving the 8th because I don't want Ireland to mirror the abortion culture in the UK, where babies are aborted for any reason," said Breda from Donegal in a video tweeted by the group.Breda from Donegal is concerned about Ireland copying Britain's example. Every year there are roughly 185,000 abortions in England & Wales alone. That's over twice the capacity of Croke Park. #VoteNo #hometovoteno #PKShow pic.twitter.com/L2sYgwTZwP— Ldn-Irish United For Life (@LdnIrishU4L) May 23, 2018 "Every year there are roughly 185,000 abortions in England & Wales alone. That's over twice the capacity of Croke Park," the organization wrote of the 82,300-capacity stadium in Dublin.Rebecca from Dublin told London-Irish United for Life that she was going home to vote because she thinks "women deserve better than being pitted against their babies. I think babies deserve the right to life, they deserve protection just as anybody else does, and I don't believe that this is the best thing for women. I think women deserve better than abortions."Rebecca from Dublin is going #hometovote 'No'. She explains why she wants to keep the right to life in the Irish Constitution ☘️#PKshow #VoteNo #TV3 pic.twitter.com/CXy5IwHyhO— Ldn-Irish United For Life (@LdnIrishU4L) May 23, 2018

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Story highlightsThis week's episode of "The Sixties" explores the Vietnam WarU.S. involvement escalated in the '60sLBJ: "A man can fight if he can see daylight ... but there ain't no daylight in Vietnam"The Vietnam War began in the decade before, but the conflict, and especially U.S. involvement, escalated in the 1960s. For the first time, Americans witnessed the horrors of war, played out on television screens in their living rooms. This week's episode of "The Sixties" explores the war and its impact on American culture, then and now. Here are five facts from the episode that may surprise those too young to remember the Vietnam War:1. U.S. involvement in Vietnam began with Eisenhower.In the late 1950s, during the Eisenhower administration, Vietnam had split into North Vietnam, which was communist, and South Vietnam. Cold War anxieties dictated that if the North Vietnamese communists prevailed, the rest of Southeast Asia would fall like dominoes.When he took office in 1961, President John F. Kennedy vowed not to allow South Vietnam fall to communism. 2. The United States and South Vietnam had Catholic presidents who were shot to death in November 1963.JUST WATCHEDThe Sixties: How music shaped a decadeReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHThe Sixties: How music shaped a decade 03:02JUST WATCHEDThe Sixties: The War in Vietnam trailerReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHThe Sixties: The War in Vietnam trailer 00:29JUST WATCHEDIs Iraq War today's Vietnam? ReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHIs Iraq War today's Vietnam? 04:19JUST WATCHEDChuck Hagel reflects on Vietnam serviceReplayMore Videos ...MUST WATCHChuck Hagel reflects on Vietnam service 02:34By the early 1960s, South Vietnam's conventionally trained army was no match for the Vietcong's guerrilla-style tactics. In addition, South Vietnam's Buddhist majority revolted against their president, Ngo Dinh Diem. They saw the Catholic ruler as a tyrant. The Western-educated Diem, however, wielded absolute power and rose to dictator level by the summer of 1963. The CIA discussed toppling the regime. With U.S. knowledge, Diem was killed by South Vietnamese generals on November 2, 1963. Kennedy immediately regretted Diem's death and U.S. support for the coup.Less than three weeks later, on November 22, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office aboard Air Force One later that day. Soon after, Johnson told a grieving nation, "John Kennedy's death commands what his life conveyed, that America must move forward."3. TV forever changed the way Americans viewed warAs casualties rose, the country increasingly turned against the war. The official line was that Americans were winning in Vietnam, but the evening news told a different story."What Vietnam did to America via television was introduce us to a new kind of America," said author Lawrence Wright. "One that was not pure, one that committed the same kinds of atrocities that are always committed in war, but we had never allowed ourselves to see them."Reporter Morley Safer recalled the shock of witnessing Marines burn down 150 houses on the outskirts of the village of Cam Ne. An officer told the newsman that he had been ordered to level the area. Three women were wounded in the attack, one baby was killed, and four people were taken prisoner. Safer asked a soldier if he had regrets about leaving people homeless, and the soldier replied, "You can't expect to do your job and feel pity for these people." Another soldier told Safer, "I think it's sad in a way, but I don't think there's any other way you can get around it in this kind of a war."Americans back home were stunned when the CBS report about the Cam Ne village hit the news.After the broadcast, Johnson reportedly called then-CBS president, Frank Stanton, and said, "Frank, this is your President, your boys just s--t on the flag of the United States."4. Some Americans resorted to self-mutilation to avoid the draft. Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s60 iconic moments from the 1960s – Sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll defined the 1960s. But the decade was also a time of pivotal change — politically, socially and technologically. Check out 60 of the most iconic moments of the decade.Hide Caption 1 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sThe 'Greensboro Four' – On February 1, 1960, four African-American college students made history just by sitting down at a whites-only lunch counter at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina. Service never came for the "Greensboro Four," as they came to be known, and their peaceful demonstration drew national attention and sparked more "sit-ins" in Southern cities.Hide Caption 2 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sElvis discharged from the military – Elvis Presley's musical heyday was in the 1950s, but he remained a major star in the 1960s. Here, Presley, 25, is pictured with his future wife, Priscilla, shortly before his discharge from the U.S. Army in 1960. Presley served two years in the Army.Hide Caption 3 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sSharpeville massacre in South Africa – Wounded people in South Africa's Sharpeville township lie in the street on March 21, 1960, after police opened fire on black demonstrators marching against the country's segregation system known as apartheid. At least 180 black Africans, most of them women and children, were injured and 69 were killed in the Sharpeville massacre that signaled the start of armed resistance against apartheid.Hide Caption 4 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sThe laser is born – Theodore Maiman pours liquid nitrogen into a cooling unit around one of the first experimental lasers in his laboratory in Santa Monica, California. Maiman's ruby laser, created on May 16, 1960, is considered to be one of the top technological achievements of the 20th century. It paved the way for fiber-optic communications, CDs, DVDs and sight-restoring surgery. Hide Caption 5 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFDA approves birth-control pill – On June 23, 1960, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Enovid, the first birth-control pill for women.Hide Caption 6 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sNixon-Kennedy debate – The first televised presidential debate was on September 26, 1960, and it involved U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon, left, and Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. The debate is largely credited with helping to make a star out of Kennedy, who won the election later that year.Hide Caption 7 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sBay of Pigs invasion – Cuban leader Fidel Castro, lower right, sits inside a tank near Playa Giron, Cuba, during the Bay of Pigs invasion on April 17, 1961. On that day, about 1,500 CIA-backed Cuban exiles landed at Cuba's Bay of Pigs in hopes of triggering an uprising against Castro. It was a complete disaster for President John F. Kennedy's fledgling administration.Hide Caption 8 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Sex and the Single Girl' – Helen Gurley Brown, editor of Cosmopolitan magazine, published her book "Sex and the Single Girl" in 1962. The book helped spark the sexual revolution and popularize the notion that the modern woman could "have it all," including a successful career and a fulfilling sex life.Hide Caption 9 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst interactive video game – In 1962, Massachusetts Institute of Technology students Steve Russell, Martin "Shag" Graetz and Alan Kotok created "Spacewar!" which is widely considered the first interactive video game. Dueling players fired at each other's spaceships using early versions of joysticks. This photo shows the three "Spacewar!" inventors playing the game at Boston's Computer Museum in 1983.Hide Caption 10 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Turn on, tune in, drop out' – The drug LSD became popular in the 1960s, leading the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to designate it an experimental drug in 1962. Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, pictured here, became an advocate for the drug, coining the phrase, "Turn on, tune in, drop out."Hide Caption 11 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst James Bond movie – Before Daniel Craig or Pierce Brosnan, there was Sean Connery, who starred in the first James Bond film, "Dr. No," in 1962. With the most recent Bond film released in 2012 ("Skyfall"), the James Bond series is the longest running film series of all time.Hide Caption 12 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMarilyn Monroe dies – Actress Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her apartment on August 5, 1962, at the age of 36. Officials ruled her death as probable suicide from sleeping pill overdose, but to this day there remain many conspiracy theories.Hide Caption 13 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sSpider-Man arrives – The No. 15 issue of the "Amazing Fantasy" comic book series, published August 10, 1962, marked the first appearance of Spider-Man. The issue is one of the most valuable comics of all time.Hide Caption 14 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sCarson takes over 'The Tonight Show' – Johnny Carson, right, took over "The Tonight Show" on October 1, 1962, with co-host Ed McMahon. They retired from the late-night talk show 30 years later. This year, Saturday Night Live alum Jimmy Fallon became the show's new host after Jay Leno, who hosted the show for 22 years.Hide Caption 15 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sCuban missile crisis – U.S. President John F. Kennedy delivers a nationally televised address about the Cuban missile crisis on October 22, 1962. After learning that the Soviet Union had begun shipping missiles to Cuba, Kennedy announced a strategic blockade of Cuba and warned the Soviet Union that the U.S. would seize any more deliveries.Hide Caption 16 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sBoeing 727 debuts – Crowds in Seattle gather for the first viewing of the Boeing 727 jet in December 1962. The aircraft's first flight would take place on February 9, 1963. The 727 is credited with opening the door to domestic travel for millions of everyday Americans.Hide Caption 17 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sPolaroid adds color – Inventor Edwin Land, president and co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation, demonstrates his company's new instant-color film in 1963.Hide Caption 18 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'The Feminine Mystique' – Betty Friedan energized the feminist movement in 1963 with her book "The Feminine Mystique." The book detailed the frustration of women who were expected to rely on their husbands and children for their happiness.Hide Caption 19 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sPatsy Cline's death – Patsy Cline performs at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry in this undated photo. The country music star and three others were killed in a plane crash March 5, 1963, near Camden, Tennessee.Hide Caption 20 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sThe Beatles' first album – The Beatles released their first album, "Please Please Me," in the United Kingdom on March 22, 1963. Here, the band is honored on November 18, 1963, for the massive sales of albums "Please Please Me" and "With the Beatles."Hide Caption 21 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sAlabama governor resists desegregation – Federal Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, standing on the right, confronts Alabama Gov. George Wallace at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa on June 11, 1963. Wallace is standing in the doorway to prevent two African-American students from entering despite a presidential order. Wallace, who was pro-segregation, later stood aside.Hide Caption 22 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMedgar Evers assassinated – Myrlie Evers, widow of civil rights activist Medgar Evers, comforts their son Darrell while their daughter, Reena, wipes her tears during Evers' funeral on June 18, 1963. Evers was assassinated days earlier at his home in Jackson, Mississippi.Hide Caption 23 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sJFK's Berlin speech – U.S. President John F. Kennedy delivers his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner" ("I am a Berliner") speech to a massive crowd in West Berlin on June 26, 1963.Hide Caption 24 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'I Have a Dream' – The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd in Washington during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as the Freedom March, on August 28, 1963. The speech is considered one of the most important in American history, and it helped rally support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Hide Caption 25 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sCronkite becomes anchor – Walter Cronkite sits behind the news desk on the set of the "CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite" in August 1963. One month later, it became network television's first nightly half-hour news program.Hide Caption 26 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sBirmingham church bombing – A coffin is loaded into a hearse at a funeral in Birmingham, Alabama, for victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. Four African-American girls were killed and at least 14 others were wounded when a bomb blast tore through church services on September 15, 1963. Three former Ku Klux Klan members were later convicted of murder for the bombing.Hide Caption 27 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst push-button phone – The first push-button telephone was made available to AT&T customers on November 18, 1963. The phone had extension buttons at the bottom for office use.Hide Caption 28 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sPresident Kennedy assassinated – U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated during a motorcade in Dallas on November 22, 1963.Hide Caption 29 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sInstant replay debuts – CBS used instant replay for the first time during the airing of the Army-Navy game that took place December 7, 1963, in Philadelphia's Municipal Stadium.Hide Caption 30 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sBerlin Wall opens – More than two years after it was constructed, the Berlin Wall opened for the first time on December 20, 1963, allowing citizens of West Berlin to visit their relatives in communist East Berlin.Hide Caption 31 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sWarhol and pop art – Artist Andy Warhol stands in the doorway of his studio, the Factory, in 1964, holding the acetate he used to make his famous Marilyn Monroe paintings. Warhol's work centered on famous personalities and iconic American objects, making him a leading figure in the pop art movement. Hide Caption 32 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Beatlemania' comes to the U.S. – On February 9, 1964, the Beatles made their U.S. debut on "The Ed Sullivan Show," kicking off the American strain of "Beatlemania" — a fever that had already infected their native Britain.Hide Caption 33 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sAli becomes heavyweight champ – Boxer Muhammad Ali — then known as Cassius Clay — upsets Sonny Liston in a heavyweight title fight in Miami Beach, Florida, on February 25, 1964. He was 22 years old. A short time later, Clay joined the Nation of Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali. Hide Caption 34 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFord Mustang debuts – The 1965 Ford Mustang was first officially revealed to the public at the 1964 World's Fair in New York. Standard equipment included carpet, bucket seats and a 170-cubic-inch, six-cylinder engine that was coupled with a three-speed floor-shift transmission. With a price that started at just under $2,400, the car captured America's affection and is still being produced today.Hide Caption 35 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMandela sentenced to life in prison – South African resistance leader Nelson Mandela, left, talks to Cape Town teacher C Andrews in 1964. On June 12, 1964, Mandela was sentenced to life in prison for four counts of sabotage. He was released 27 years later, and when apartheid ended he became the country's first black president.Hide Caption 36 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sCivil Rights Act of 1964 – After signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson shakes hands with the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. The legislation outlawed discrimination in public places and banned discrimination based on race, gender, religion or national origin. It also encouraged the desegregation of public schools.Hide Caption 37 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Daisy Girl' ad – "Peace, Little Girl," a 1964 political ad for U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, was arguably the most famous — and the most negative — campaign ad in U.S. history. The ad, which played only once, showed a little girl counting daisy petals before an image of a nuclear explosion. Known as the "Daisy Girl" ad, it was credited with helping Johnson defeat U.S. Sen. Barry Goldwater in the landslide 1964 election.Hide Caption 38 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sU.S. troops in South Vietnam – On February 9, 1965, the United States deployed its first combat troops to South Vietnam, significantly escalating its role in the war. Here, the U.S. Marines' 163rd Helicopter Squadron discharges South Vietnamese troops for an assault against the Viet Cong hidden along the tree line in the background.Hide Caption 39 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMalcolm X assassinated – Civil rights activist Malcolm X is carried from the Audubon Ballroom in New York, where he had just been shot on February 21, 1965. He died shortly after.Hide Caption 40 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Bloody Sunday' – State troopers swing batons to break up a civil rights voting march in Selma, Alabama, on March 7, 1965. "Bloody Sunday," as it became known, helped fuel the drive for passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Hide Caption 41 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sVoting Rights Act – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson hands a pen to the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. during the signing of the Voting Rights Act on August 6, 1965. The landmark legislation helped protect minorities who had previously encountered unfair barriers to voting.Hide Caption 42 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sThe Watts Riots – Two youths, carrying lampshades from a looted store, run down a street in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles on August 13, 1965. The Watts Riots were sparked by tensions between the city's black residents and police. The six days of violence left 34 dead and resulted in $40 million of property damage.Hide Caption 43 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'Batman' – The "Batman" TV series debuted in 1966, starring Adam West as the Caped Crusader and Burt Ward as his sidekick, Robin. The show aired for only three seasons, but it was a pop culture sensation at the time and a cult classic for future generations. There was also a feature film in 1966.Hide Caption 44 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sChina's Cultural Revolution – Chinese leader Mao Zedong, standing front and center, rides through a Tiananmen Square rally in Beijing in 1966. In May of that year, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to enforce communism and get rid of old institutions and his political enemies. The political movement careened out of control and led to massive political purges, deaths and destruction before it ended in 1976.Hide Caption 45 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst Super Bowl – The Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs played the first Super Bowl on January 15, 1967, in Los Angeles. The Packers won the football game 35-10.Hide Caption 46 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sSix-Day War – Israeli soldiers stand in front of the Western Wall on June 9, 1967, in the old city of Jerusalem following its recapture from Jordanian rule in the Six-Day War.Hide Caption 47 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMarshall on Supreme Court – Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, with his family at his side, takes his seat at the court for the first time on October 2, 1967. Marshall was the first African-American to be appointed to the high court.Hide Caption 48 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sAnti-Vietnam protests – A demonstrator offers a flower to military police at the Pentagon during an anti-Vietnam protest in Washington on October 21, 1967. Marches such as this one helped turn public opinion against the war.Hide Caption 49 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst human heart transplant – Dr. Christiaan Barnard is shown after performing the first human heart transplant on patient Louis Washkansky on December 3, 1967, in Cape Town, South Africa.Hide Caption 50 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sTet Offensive – South Vietnamese Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan, chief of the national police, executes suspected Viet Cong officer Nguyen Van Lem — also known as Bay Lop — on a Saigon street on February 1, 1968. It was early in the Tet Offensive, one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War.Hide Caption 51 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMy Lai massacre – Houses in My Lai, South Vietnam, burn during the My Lai massacre on March 16, 1968. American troops came to the remote hamlet and killed hundreds of unarmed civilians. The incident, one of the darkest moments of the Vietnam War, further increased opposition to U.S. involvement in the war.Hide Caption 52 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sMartin Luther King assassinated – This photo was taken on April 4, 1968, moments after the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by a sniper as he stood on a balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. King was in Memphis to support striking sanitation workers.Hide Caption 53 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sRobert F. Kennedy assassinated – U.S. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, the brother of former President John F. Kennedy, was shot shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles. Sirhan Sirhan was convicted of assassinating Kennedy and wounding five other people inside the kitchen service pantry of the former Ambassador Hotel.Hide Caption 54 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sDemocratic National Convention unrest – Members of the New York delegation protest against the Vietnam War during the 1968 Democratic National Convention held in Chicago. Outside, riots erupted, with tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters clashing with Chicago police and National Guard forces.Hide Caption 55 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sPrague Spring – Residents of Prague, Czechoslovakia, throw burning torches in an attempt to stop a Soviet tank on August 21, 1968. A Soviet-led invasion by Warsaw Pact troops crushed the so-called Prague Spring reform and re-established totalitarian rule.Hide Caption 56 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960s'60 Minutes' premieres – The iconic Sunday night news magazine "60 Minutes" premiered September 24, 1968, with Harry Reasoner, left, and Mike Wallace, right. At the center is Don Hewitt, the show's creator and producer.Hide Caption 57 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sFirst men on the moon – Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. salutes the U.S. flag on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. Aldrin and mission commander Neil Armstrong became the first humans to walk on the moon. Their mission was considered an American victory in the Cold War and subsequent space race, meeting President Kennedy's goal of "landing a man on the moon and returning him safely" before the end of the decade.Hide Caption 58 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sWoodstock Music Festival – Singer Roger Daltrey and guitarist Pete Townshend of The Who perform on stage at the Woodstock Music Festival in Bethel, New York. An estimated 400,000 people attended the festival, which took place in August 1969.Hide Caption 59 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sManson murders – Cult leader Charles Manson is taken into court to face murder charges on December 5, 1969, in Los Angeles. At Manson's command, a small group of his most ardent followers brutally murdered five people at the Los Angeles home of film director Roman Polanski on August 8-9, 1969, including Polanski's pregnant wife, actress Sharon Tate. Manson was convicted for orchestrating the murders and sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted to life in prison.Hide Caption 60 of 61 Photos: 60 iconic moments from the 1960sForebear of the Internet – With the help of a handful of leading universities and other labs, work began on a project to directly link a number of computers. In 1969, with money from the U.S. Defense Department, the first node of this network was installed on the campus of UCLA. The diagram shows the "network of networks" of ARPANET, as it was called. The forebear of the Internet was born. What did the '60s look like to you? Share your photos here.Hide Caption 61 of 61 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a pope Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev speaks to the East German Communist Party Congress on January 14, 1963. His public statements in Berlin indicated the USSR did not immediately plan a full-scale revival of its efforts to force the Western occupation powers out of the former German capital. 1963 was a seminal year, not only because of the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, but advances in technology, entertainment and evolving political relationships also kept the world on its toes.Hide Caption 1 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Crowds gather for the first viewing of the Boeing 727 jet airliner in Seattle in December 1962. The aircraft's first flight would take place on February 9, 1963.Hide Caption 2 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The American poet Sylvia Plath is shown in 1961. She took her own life on February 11, 1963.Hide Caption 3 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Patsy Cline performs at Nashville's Grand Ole Opry in this undated photo. The country music star and three others were killed on March 5, 1963, in the crash of a Piper Comanche near Camden, Tennessee.Hide Caption 4 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – A line of handcuffed prisoners, the last convicts held at Alcatraz prison, walk through a cell block as they are transferred to other prisons from Alcatraz Island on San Francisco Bay, California, on March 21, 1963. Alcatraz, known as "The Rock," was a federal penitentiary for 29 years and a prison for more than a century. Hide Caption 5 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The Beatles released their first album, "Please Please Me," in the United Kingdom on March 22, 1963. A 7-inch copy of the single, seen here, was signed on both sides by the Fab Four and sold in 2011 for more than £9,000.Hide Caption 6 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – British film director Alfred Hitchcock poses with a seagull and a raven in a promotional still for his film "The Birds." The film was released on March 28, 1963.Hide Caption 7 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The long-running soap opera "General Hospital" debuts on ABC television on April 1, 1963. It is cited in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest-running American soap opera currently in production.Hide Caption 8 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Josip Broz Tito is proclaimed president for life in the constitution of the newly named Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on April 7, 1963. Hide Caption 9 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – David Bruce, the American ambassador to Britain, takes leave of Sir Winston Churchill at Hyde Park Gate, London, on April 10, 1963, after presenting the former British prime minister with a proclamation naming him the first honorary citizen of the United States, a title given to him the day before on April 9, 1963.Hide Caption 10 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – On April 10, 1963, 129 men lost their lives when the nuclear-powered submarine USS Thresher sank during deep-dive testing off Cape Cod. The sub is seen here during its launch in 1960. The sinking is the deadliest submarine disaster in U.S. history and delivered a blow to national pride during the Cold War, becoming the impetus for safety improvements.Hide Caption 11 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Buddy "Nature Boy" Rogers became the first WWWF Champion on April 29, 1963.Hide Caption 12 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Sean Connery and Ursula Andress appear in a scene from the film "James Bond: Dr. No." The film premiered in the United States on May 8,1963, as the first James Bond film.Hide Caption 13 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The late Pope John XXIII's body is borne across St. Peter's Square on June 4, 1963, to St. Peter's Basilica from the papal apartment in the Apostolic Palace. He died the day before from a malignant stomach tumor.Hide Caption 14 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The former British War Minister John Profumo returns to London after 14 days of absence on June 18, 1963. He resigned as British state secretary for war on June 5, after admitting he had lied in denying any "impropriety" with 21-year-old Christine Keeler. Profumo simultaneously resigned his seat in the House of Commons.Hide Caption 15 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – President John F. Kennedy broadcast a historic civil rights address on June 11, 1963, in which he promised a Civil Rights Bill, and asked for "the kind of equality of treatment that we would want for ourselves." Hide Caption 16 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk, burned himself to death on a Saigon street June 11, 1963, to protest alleged persecution of Buddhists by the South Vietnamese government.Hide Caption 17 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton appear in a publicity still for the film "Cleopatra," which premiered on June 12, 1963. The historical drama, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, starred Taylor as Cleopatra, and Burton as Mark Antony. Hide Caption 18 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The June 28, 1963, LIFE cover of the child and widow of murdered civil rights activist Medgar Evers at his funeral. Evers was assassinated in his home in Jackson, Mississippi, on June 12, 1963.Hide Caption 19 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, returns to Earth on June 19, 1963.Hide Caption 20 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – American President John F. Kennedy speaks to a massive crowd in Berlin on June 26, 1963.Hide Caption 21 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Detectives inspecting the Royal Mail train from which more than £2.5 million was stolen. The Great Train Robbery took place in Buckinghamshire on August 8,1963, when the train from Glasgow to London was halted by a gang.Hide Caption 22 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd on the National Mall in Washington during the March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom, also known as the Freedom March, on August 28, 1963. Hide Caption 23 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – United States representative Charles Stelle, left, and his Soviet counterpart, Seymon Tsarapkin, meet on June 20, 1963, in Geneva, to sign the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Line, an agreement to set up a hot line between the two superpowers. The "red phone" between Washington and Moscow was declared operational August 30, 1963.Hide Caption 24 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Walter Cronkite sits behind the news desk on the set of the "CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite," New York in August 1963. Cronkite became the anchor of American network television's first nightly half-hour news program on September 2, 1963.Hide Caption 25 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – A coffin is loaded into a hearse at a funeral for victims of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. The Birmingham Church Bombing, also known as "Bloody Sunday," took place on September 15, 1963.Hide Caption 26 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The Lamborghini 350GTV with the body by Franco Scaglione is launched at the Lamborghini Factory, Sant'Agata, Italy, in October 1963. Among the onlookers, with white hair and light-colored jacket, is Piero Taruffi, winner of the last Mille Miglia in 1957. Hide Caption 27 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – On November 2, 1963, the American-aided leader of South Vietnam's anti-communist, Roman Catholic regime, President Ngo Dinh Diem was arrested and assassinated.Hide Caption 28 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The first push-button telephone was introduced on February 28, 1963. It was made available to AT&T customers on November 18, 1963. The phone has extension buttons at the bottom for office use.Hide Caption 29 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy and his wife, Jackie, ride in an open-top limousine just minutes before Kennedy was assassinated at Dealey Plaza in Dallas on November 22, 1963.Hide Caption 30 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – The first episode of the BBC television series "Doctor Who" was broadcast in the United Kingdom on November 23, 1963. Hide Caption 31 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – Pierre Mazeaud, Gerard Gery, and Philippe Laffon watch as a new island, Surtsey, is formed from volcanic eruptions off the coast of Iceland on December 2, 1963. Hide Caption 32 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – CBS used instant replay for the first time during the Army-Navy game from Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia on December 7, 1963.Hide Caption 33 of 34 Photos: 1963: From "General Hospital," to the death of a popeIn the year 1963 – On December 20, 1963, the wall that separated the city of Berlin for 2½ years was opened for the first time at Christmas as the result of an agreement between the two mayors.Hide Caption 34 of 34 Photos: The history of the Cold War Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – The end of World War II set the stage for the Cold War, the struggle between communism and capitalism that pitted East against West and pushed the world to the brink of nuclear war. The Crimean resort town of Yalta was the setting for an historic meeting of British, U.S. and Soviet leaders -- Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Josef Stalin -- in February 1945. With the defeat of Nazi Germany imminent, the Big Three allies agreed to jointly govern postwar Germany, while Stalin pledged fair and open elections in Poland. Hide Caption 1 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – The decision by the United States to use the atomic bomb against Japan in August 1945 was credited with ending World War II. Hundreds of thousands in Hiroshima and Nagasaki were killed instantly or died from radiation in the aftermath of the bombings. Hide Caption 2 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – President Harry S. Truman introduces Winston Churchill at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, on March 5, 1946. In his speech, the former British prime minister declared, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent."Hide Caption 3 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – In 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposed a massive aid program to rebuild Europe after the ravages of World War II. Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952 under the Marshall Plan, but the Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe declined U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement." Here, an American worker paints the Marshall Plan logo on a machine tool ready to be exported to Europe.Hide Caption 4 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On June 24, 1948, the Soviet Union made a bid for control of Berlin by blockading all land access to the city. Berlin was divided into four sectors under U.S., British, French and Soviet control, but the city itself lay entirely in Soviet-occupied eastern Germany. From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlifted 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin. After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifted the blockade. Here, a tattered group of Berliners stand amid the ruins of a building near Tempelhof Airfield as a C-47 cargo plane brings food to the city.Hide Caption 5 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – In June 1949, Chinese Communists declared victory over Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist forces, who later fled to Taiwan. On October 1, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China. Two months later, Mao (left) traveled to Moscow to meet with Josef Stalin (right) and negotiate the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance.Hide Caption 6 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – In August 1949, President Truman signed the North Atlantic Treaty, which marked the beginning of NATO. Two years earlier, he requested $400 million in aid from Congress to combat communism in Greece and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine pledged to provide American economic and military assistance to any nation threatened by communism. Hide Caption 7 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On June 25, 1950, North Korean Communist forces invaded South Korea. Two days later, President Truman ordered U.S. forces to assist the South Koreans. Here, U.S. Marines land at Inchon as the battle rages. Three years later, an armistice agreement was signed, with the border between North and South roughly the same as it had been in 1950. The willingness of China and North Korea to end the fighting was in part attributed to the death of Stalin in March. There has never been a peace treaty, so the Korean War, technically, has never ended.Hide Caption 8 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On March 29, 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were convicted of selling U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. The Rosenbergs were sent to the electric chair in 1953, despite outrage from liberals who portrayed them as victims of an anti-communist witch hunt.Hide Caption 9 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – The Rosenbergs' conviction helped fuel the rise of McCarthyism, the anti-communist campaign led by U.S. Sen. Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin in 1953-54 at the peak of the Cold War. Nearly 400 Americans -- including the ordinary, the famous and some who wore the uniform of the U.S. military -- were interrogated in secret hearings, facing accusations from McCarthy and his staff about their alleged involvement in communist activities. While McCarthy enjoyed public attention and initially advanced his career with the start of the hearings, the tide turned. His harsh treatment of Army officers in the secret hearings precipitated his downfall.Hide Caption 10 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – In 1955, the Warsaw Pact was organized, creating a military alliance of communist nations in Eastern Europe that included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union. Here, the Soviet Army marches during May Day celebrations in 1954. Hide Caption 11 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth. In 1958, the United States created NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the space race was in full gear.Hide Caption 12 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On January 1, 1959, leftist forces under Fidel Castro overthrew the government of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba. Castro soon nationalized the sugar industry and signed trade agreements with the Soviet Union. The next year, his government seized U.S. assets on the island.Hide Caption 13 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev speaks at the 1960 Paris Summit, which was interrupted when an American high-altitude U-2 spy plane was shot down on a mission over the Soviet Union. After the Soviets announced the capture of pilot Francis Gary Powers, the United States recanted earlier assertions that the plane was on a weather research mission.Hide Caption 14 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – A hand reaches over the glass imbedded in the newly constructed Berlin Wall, which divided the eastern and western sectors of the city in August 1961. The U.S. had rejected proposals by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to make Berlin a "free city" with access controlled by East Germany, and on August 15, Communist authorities began construction on the wall to prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin. Hide Caption 15 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – In 1961, a U.S.-organized invasion of 1,400 Cuban exiles is defeated by Castro's forces at the Bay of Pigs. U.S. President John F. Kennedy takes full responsibility for the disaster. The next year, the Soviet Union installs nuclear missiles on Cuba capable of reaching most of the U.S. Kennedy orders a naval blockade of Cuba until the Soviets removes the missiles; he announces the move on TV (pictured). Six days later, the Soviets agree to remove the missiles, defusing one of the most dangerous confrontations of the Cold War. In 1963, the U.S. and Soviet Union agreed to install a hot line allowing the leaders to communicate directly during a crisis.Hide Caption 16 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – An estimated 250,000 people crammed a large Berlin square to hear President Kennedy speak in 1963. "All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin," Kennedy told the crowd. "And therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words, 'Ich bin ein Berliner.'" A few months later, the president would be assassinated in Dallas, an event that jarred the nation and the world.Hide Caption 17 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in August 1964. The resolution, approved by Congress, gave Johnson power to send U.S. troops to South Vietnam after it was alleged that North Vietnamese patrol boats had fired on the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin. Hide Caption 18 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Hovering U.S. Army helicopters pour machine gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of South Vietnamese ground troops in an attack on a Viet Cong camp northwest of Saigon, near the Cambodian border, in March 1965. The Vietnam War lasted nearly a decade and left more than 58,000 Americans dead.Hide Caption 19 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On June 5, 1967, Israel launched an attack that becomes known as the Six Day War, seizing the Sinai and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Soviet Union accused the United States of encouraging Israeli aggression. Here, several Israeli soldiers stand close together in front of the Western Wall in the old city of Jerusalem following its recapture.Hide Caption 20 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – On January 5, 1968, reformer Alexander Dubcek became general secretary of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia, pledging the "widest possible democratizations" as the Prague Spring movement swept across the country. Soviet and Warsaw Pact leaders sent an invasion force of 650,000 troops in August. Dubcek was arrested and hard-liners were restored to power. Here, residents carrying a Czechoslovak flag and throwing burning torches attempt to stop a Soviet tank in Prague on August 21, 1968. Hide Caption 21 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. salutes the U.S. flag on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. He and mission commander Neil Armstrong became the first humans to walk on the moon. Their mission was considered an American victory in the Cold War and subsequent space race, meeting President Kennedy's goal, voiced in 1961, of "landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth" before the end of the decade.Hide Caption 22 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Chinese leader Mao Zedong shakes hands with U.S. President Richard Nixon after their meeting in Beijing on February 22, 1972. Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit China. The two countries issued a communiqué recognizing their "essential differences" while making it clear that "normalization of relations" was in all nations' best interests. The rapprochement changed the balance of power with the Soviets. Two-and-a-half years later, Nixon resigned as president amid the Watergate scandal.Hide Caption 23 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev shake hands after signing the SALT II treaty limiting strategic arms in Vienna, Austria, on June 18, 1979. The first phase of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks began in Helsinki, Finland, with a finished agreement signed by President Nixon and Brezhnev in Moscow on May 26, 1972. It placed limits on both submarine-launched and intercontinental nuclear missiles.Hide Caption 24 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – President Ronald Reagan talks to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev during a two-day summit between the superpowers in Geneva, Switzerland on November 21, 1985. Gorbachev ushered in an era of economic reforms under perestroika and greater political freedoms under glasnost. Two years later, Reagan and Gorbachev signed the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in Washington. It mandated the removal of more than 2,600 medium-range nuclear missiles from Europe, eliminating the entire class of Soviet SS-20 and U.S. Cruise and Pershing II missiles.Hide Caption 25 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – President Reagan, commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin, addresses the people of West Berlin at the base of the Brandenburg Gate, near the Berlin Wall on June 12, 1987. Due to the amplification system being used, the President's words could also be heard on the Eastern (communist-controlled) side of the wall. "Tear down this wall!" was the famous appeal by Reagan, directed at Gorbachev, to destroy the Berlin Wall. The address Reagan delivered that day is considered by many to have affirmed the beginning of the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet bloc. Hide Caption 26 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Soviet troops cross the Soviet-Afghan border along the bridge over the Amu Darya river near the town of Termez, Uzbekistan, during their withdrawal from Afghanistan on February 6, 1989. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979 as communist Babrak Karmal seized control of the government. U.S.-backed Muslim guerrilla fighters waged a costly war against the Soviets for nearly a decade.Hide Caption 27 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – A demonstrator pounds away at the Berlin Wall as East Berlin border guards look on from above the Brandenburg Gate on November 11, 1989. Gorbachev renounced the Brezhnev Doctrine, which pledged to use Soviet force to protect its interests in Eastern Europe. On September 10, Hungary opened its border with Austria, allowing East Germans to flee to the West. After massive public demonstrations in East Germany and Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall fell on November 9.Hide Caption 28 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – While vacationing in the Crimean peninsula, Gorbachev was ousted in a coup by Communist hard-liners on August 19, 1991. The coup soon faltered as citizens took to the streets of Moscow and other cities in support of Russian President Boris Yeltsin (pictured), who denounced the coup. Military units abandoned the hard-liners, and Gorbachev was released from house arrest. He officially resigned on December 25 as the Soviet Union was dissolved.Hide Caption 29 of 30 Photos: The history of the Cold WarThe history of the Cold War – Jubilant people step on the head of the statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder and chief of the Soviet secret police, later known as KGB, which was toppled in front of the KGB headquarters in Moscow, on August 23, 1991. The KGB was responsible for mass arrests and executions. Hide Caption 30 of 30 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – By 1960, television was firmly entrenched as America's new hearth. Close to 90% of households had a TV, making the device almost ubiquitous. The ensuing decade would see the medium grow in both importance and range. Hide Caption 1 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – The first televised presidential debate was on September 26, 1960, and it involved U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon, left, and Sen. John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. The debate is largely credited with helping to make a star out of Kennedy, who won the election later that year.Hide Caption 2 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – First lady Jackie Kennedy is shown in the Red Room of the White House on January 15, 1962, during the CBS News special program "A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy." The program showed off the restoration work that was spearheaded by the first lady.Hide Caption 3 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – Johnny Carson, with sidekick Ed McMahon, took over NBC's "Tonight Show" on October 1, 1962. Carson became a TV titan, hosting the program for 30 years and setting the bar for every late-night host to follow. Hide Caption 4 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. gives his "I Have a Dream" speech to a crowd in Washington during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as the Freedom March, on August 28, 1963. The speech is considered one of the most important in American history, and it helped rally support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Hide Caption 5 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – President Kennedy was assassinated during a motorcade in Dallas on November 22, 1963.Hide Caption 6 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – Two days after Kennedy's assassination, Lee Harvey Oswald -- the man who had been charged with killing the president -- was fatally shot by Jack Ruby as Oswald was being escorted through the Dallas police basement. Oswald's shooting was shown live on national television.Hide Caption 7 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – In 1963's thrilling Army-Navy game, Navy beat Army 21-15 behind Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback Roger Staubach. Today, the game is best remembered for the introduction of instant replay -- though many TV watchers were unaware of the technology and slammed CBS' switchboard in confusion. Now instant replay is a regular part of sports broadcasts. Hide Caption 8 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – On February 9, 1964, the Beatles made their U.S. debut on "The Ed Sullivan Show," kicking off the American strain of "Beatlemania" -- a fever that had already infected their native Britain. The show remains one of the highest-rated entertainment programs of all time.Hide Caption 9 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – "The following program is brought to you in living color on NBC," the announcer intoned. The 1965 fall season opened with almost all of the "Peacock Network's" prime-time schedule produced on color film. By 1973, more than half of TV homes had a color set.Hide Caption 10 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – "A Charlie Brown Christmas" could have been a bland animated special, but thanks to "Peanuts" cartoonist Charles M. Schulz and his collaborators, it was something more. The show, which first aired in 1965, didn't use a laugh track. It included a jazz music score and -- most controversially -- featured Linus reading from the Gospel of Luke. The special was both a critical and commercial hit, and it has become a holiday mainstay.Hide Caption 11 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – The two-part finale of "The Fugitive," which aired in August 1967, concluded the four-year run of the series about a doctor (David Janssen) pursuing a mysterious one-armed man (Bill Raisch) he believes killed his wife. The final episode was the most-watched series episode to that time, with more than 45% of the nation tuning in. Hide Caption 12 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour" had a countercultural bent that regularly raised hackles -- and delighted fans. Here, The Who's Pete Townshend, right, helps host Tom Smothers destroy his acoustic guitar as singer Roger Daltrey looks on following The Who's performance of "My Generation." The Smothers' battles with their network, CBS, would eventually lead to the show's cancellation. Hide Caption 13 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – CBS anchor Walter Cronkite reports from Vietnam after the Tet Offensive in 1968. Cronkite's special, "Report from Vietnam by Walter Cronkite," concluded with his observation that the war would end in a stalemate. One month later, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announced he would not seek re-election. Hide Caption 14 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – The 1968 Democratic Convention, held in Chicago, was a scene of chaos both inside and outside the convention hall. At one point, CBS correspondent Dan Rather, center, was treated roughly by security, prompting anchor Cronkite to comment, "I think we've got a bunch of thugs here, Dan." Outside, protesters chanted, "The whole world is watching." Hide Caption 15 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – The 1968 presidential campaign went down to the wire, and little things may have made the difference -- such as Richard Nixon, the Republican candidate, going on the popular "Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In" to say one of the show's catchphrases: "Sock it to me." Here, Nixon is flanked by Dan Rowan, left, and Dick Martin at an event in October 1968.Hide Caption 16 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – In September 1968, the newsmagazine "60 Minutes" -- created and produced by Don Hewitt, center -- premiered with Harry Reasoner, left, and Mike Wallace, right. The tremendously influential show spawned a host of imitators and is still on the air today.Hide Caption 17 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – Viewers hoping to see the wild conclusion of the AFL game between the New York Jets and Oakland Raiders got a huge shock on November 17, 1968, when the broadcast was cut off so NBC could air a movie version of "Heidi" starring Jennifer Edwards. Angry fans flooded NBC's switchboard with calls. From then on, all networks stayed with their football contests until the end before moving to regularly scheduled programming. (The Raiders scored two touchdowns in the final minute to come back and beat the Jets in what would forever be known as "The Heidi Game.")Hide Caption 18 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – In the "Plato's Stepchildren" episode of "Star Trek," which aired November 22, 1968, William Shatner (as Capt. Kirk) and Nichelle Nichols (as Lt. Uhura) kissed -- the first interracial kiss in TV history. The medium grappled cautiously with race relations through the decade. Hide Caption 19 of 20 Photos: Photos: Defining moments in '60s TV Defining moments in 1960s television – Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. salutes the U.S. flag on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. Aldrin and mission commander Neil Armstrong became the first humans to walk on the moon. Globally, more than half a billion people watched on television.Hide Caption 20 of 20When the choices were Vietnam, jail or draft-dodging by going to Canada, some young men panicked and devised ways to fail the military's physical exam, including mutilating themselves, starving or pretending to be gay. The compulsory draft, which had been initiated during World War II, meant registration for young men was mandatory at 18.Working-class men were more likely to get drafted over those in the middle class because college students could get deferments.In January 1965, 5,400 young men were called for the draft. By December of that year, more than 45,000 young men were called. When the monthly draft call rose from 17,000 to 35,000 per month, young people across the nation began engaging in civil disobedience. On November 27, 1965, the March on Washington for Peace in Vietnam took place, attracting tens of thousands of protesters.5. U.S. troops endured 120-degree temperatures while sitting in swamps. Facing temperatures sometimes of up to 120 degrees F in the wet jungle terrain, soldiers regularly became afflicted with infections such as ringworm. Author and Vietnam veteran Karl Marlantes recalled the difficulty of dealing with losing his friends on the battlefield."You'd throw them on a chopper and that'd be the last you'd see of them," he said, "and so you were constantly shoving it down because if you didn't you couldn't function."Bonus: LBJ feared being remembered for his handling of VietnamJohnson, who made great strides with civil rights legislation at home, did not want to be remembered as the American president who lost Southeast Asia. In a taped 1965 conversation, Sen. Richard Russell told Johnson that he "couldn't have inherited a worse mess.""Well, if they say I inherited it, I'd be lucky," Johnson said, "but they'll all say I created it. Dick, the trouble is, the great trouble I'm under, a man can fight if he can see daylight down the road somewhere, but there ain't no daylight in Vietnam. There's not a bit."Luci Baines Johnson on her father's legacyWhen CBS anchor Walter Cronkite, who was called the most trusted man in America, traveled to Vietnam in 1968 and announced it was time for America to pull out, Johnson reportedly old an aide, "If I've lost Cronkite, I've lost middle America."Journalist Marvin Kalb noted that Johnson "realized he was no longer in charge of the war. The war was in charge of him."In 1968, Johnson announced that he would not be running for re-election.

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