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https://watercharity.com/book/gushie-soak-away-pit-sanitation-project-ghana/ | Select Page
# Gushie Soak-Away Pit Sanitation Project – Ghana
Location
Gushie, Northern Region, Ghana
Community Description
Gushie is a small farming village in the Northern Region of Ghana, approximately 50 km north of Tamale, the regional capital. Gushie has a population of just under 1,000 people, and does not have electricity.
The village is mostly comprised of people from the Dagomba and Fulani tribes, and Islam is practiced as the primary religion. November to May marks the dry season in the region, after which the rainy season brings rains and humid weather from June to October.
Because villagers live in compounds consisting of several family members living in small mud huts connected by a large communal area, the bathing area for an average compound must support at least 10-15 people. These areas are often little more than a half wall of mud with a small hole in the corner for run-off water, and families use these areas both as a place for bucket bathing and as makeshift latrines for liquid waste.
The lack of basic sanitation facilities and proper water management has become one of the most urgent threats to the health of the village, particularly during the rainy months when flooding is a common occurrence. The excess water and waste from bathing areas simply flows outside onto the ground and, collects in stagnant pools of liquid waste that often intersect with footpaths or other living areas. The overall health of the village is compromised throughout the year because these brackish ponds provide an ideal place for the breeding of mosquitos, disease-carrying flies, and waterborne parasites.
Project Description
This project consists of the building of soak-away pits for twenty households in the Gushie community.
The pits will be constructed behind the bathing areas of these compounds using PVC piping that will feed the excess water and liquid waste into deep, covered pits filled with rocks, so that the water is properly disposed of. This will deter contaminated flooding and the accompanying breeding of insects.
The majority of households in the community are participating in the project, which will begin with pits being built in areas that directly intersect often-used walking paths and places where villagers spread their crops for drying.
This project is being led by a group called Fara Je Maahim, which is comprised of young adults from the community who meet regularly to organize small projects such as community clean-up days and to financially support fellow members in the village in times of death or other hardships. The members of this group range from 15 to 25 years of age, and have consistently set an example of leadership in Gushie by initiating educational programs and carrying out small but effective health projects that have addressed issues like trash removal and malaria prevention.
The group has committed to lead the project efforts by identifying which households currently have improper water drainage systems and sponsoring training sessions to educate the community on the gravity of current sanitation deficiencies. Members from this group will also assist and oversee each household in the construction of the pits from start to finish.
Community members will provide all of the labor for each soak-away pit by digging the holes, collecting rocks to fill the pits, constructing the drainage pipes, and covering the pits so they can be used for liquid waste management for many years to come.
Project funds will be used to purchase the materials for the project.
Project Impact
This sanitation project will directly benefit 400 people in Gushie. However, this project will more broadly improve the health and sanitation of the entire community of 1,000 by minimizing the existence of stagnant water and thereby reducing the presence of mosquitos, flies, and waterborne parasites.
Peace Corps Volunteer Directing Project
Katie Kirouac
$300.00 Donations Collected to Date$300.00 | 2022-05-28 17:08:05 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.20090420544147491, "perplexity": 4978.057474823793}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663016949.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528154416-20220528184416-00118.warc.gz"} |
https://www.quantumstudy.com/with-what-velocity-must-an-electron-travel-so-that-its-momentum-is-equal-to-that-of-a-photon-with-a-wavelength-of-5000-a/ | # With what velocity must an electron travel so that its momentum is equal to that of a photon with a wavelength of 5000 A°
Q: With what velocity must an electron travel so that its momentum is equal to that of a photon with a wavelength of 5000 A°
(h = 6.6 × 10-34 Js ,me = 9.1 × 10-31 Kg)
Sol: $\large m v = \frac{h}{\lambda}$
$\large v = \frac{h}{m \lambda}$
$\large v = \frac{6.62 \times 10^{-34}}{9.1 \times 10^{-31} \times 5000 \times 10^{-10}}$
v = 1450 m/s | 2021-09-26 21:11:14 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.3985602557659149, "perplexity": 526.8261086240262}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057973.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210926205414-20210926235414-00164.warc.gz"} |
https://aquazorcarson.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/algebraic-combinatorics-lecture-14-polya-theory/ | Algebraic combinatorics lecture 14: Polya Theory
We are given a domain ${D}$, a finite set ${R}$, and a group ${G}$ acting on ${D}$, ${H}$ acting on ${R}$. Let ${\mathcal{F}(D,R) = \{f: D \rightarrow R\}}$ and ${f^{g,h}(d) = (f(d^g))^h}$, i.e., ${G \times H}$ acts on ${\mathcal{F}(D,R)}$, and splits it into orbits. Visually it’s easiest to represent ${\mathcal{F}(D,R)}$ as coloring schemes of balls. In this case ${R}$ is the set of colors, and ${D}$ is the set of balls. If the balls are arranged in some graph with symmetry, then ${G}$ could be the symmetry group. ${H}$ being either the full symmetry group or the trivial group makes sense, but others are possible.
Definition 1 a weight ${w: R \rightarrow A}$, ${A}$ some algebra, e.g. ${k[x_1,\ldots, x_s]}$, extends to a weight on ${\mathcal{F}(D,R)}$ by
$\displaystyle w(f) =\prod_{d \in D} w(f(d)). \ \ \ \ \ (1)$
We say ${w}$ is an invariant weight if ${w(f_1) = w(f_2)}$ for ${f_2 = f_1^{g,h}}$ for any ${f_1}$, ${g \in G}$ and ${h \in H}$.
An orbit of ${G \times H}$ on ${\mathcal{F}(D,R)}$ is called a pattern.
Theorem 2 (de Bruijn): Let ${w}$ be an invariant weight,
$\displaystyle \sum_{p \in \mathcal{F}(D,R)/(G \times H)} w(p) = \frac{1}{|G||H|} \sum_{g,h} \sum_{f: f^{g,h}=f} w(f). \ \ \ \ \ (2)$
Proof: An easy application of not-Burnside’s theorem, which states
Lemma 3 (Sunnyside) Suppose ${X}$ is a finite set, ${G}$ acts on ${X}$, ${F(g) := \{x: x^g = x\}}$ is the set of points fixed by ${g}$, and ${G_x=\{g: x^g = x\}}$ is the symmetries fixing ${x}$. Suppose also that ${X}$ splits into orbits ${X = \mathcal{O}_{x_1} \coprod \mathcal{O}_{x_2} \ldots \coprod \mathcal{O}_{x_t}}$. Then
$\displaystyle \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{g \in G} F(g) = t. \ \ \ \ \ (3)$
Proof: (of Sunnyside) Let ${B = |\{(x,g): x^g =x\}|}$.
$\displaystyle \sum_g |F(g)| = B = \sum_x |G_x| = \sum_{i=1}^t |\mathcal{O}_{x_i}| |G_{x_i}| \\ \sum_{i=1}^t \frac{|G|}{|\mathcal{O}_{x_i}|} |\mathcal{O}_{x_i}| = t|G|. \ \ \ \ \ (4)$
$\Box$
Continuing with De Bruijn, we fix ${a \in A}$ in the range of ${w}$. Let ${P_a = \{\text{pattern } p: w(p) = a\}}$. Then ${P_a}$‘s partition ${\mathcal{F}(D,R)}$. Also ${G \times H}$ acts on ${P_a}$. Then ${G \times H}$ acts on ${P_a}$. By not-Burnside’s theorem,
$\displaystyle |P_a| = \frac{1}{|G||H|} \sum_{g,h} F_{P_a}(g,h), \ \ \ \ \ (5)$
where ${F_{P_a}(g,h)}$ denotes the elements in ${P_a}$ fixed by ${(g,h)}$. Multiply both sides by ${a}$ and sum over the range of ${w}$ gives (2). $\Box$
Specializing De Bruijn’s result to ${H= \{id\}}$, i.e., all colors are distinct, we get Polya’s theorem.
Now let ${A = Q[y_1, \ldots, y_\infty]}$, ${r \in R}$, and ${w(r) \in A}$ and as usual ${w(f) = \prod_{d \in D} w(f(d))}$. Then we have
$\displaystyle \sum_{\text{pattern } p} w(p) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{g \in G} \sum_{f: f^g =f} w(f). \ \ \ \ \ (6)$
Fixing ${g \in G}$, and write ${g = c_1 c_2 \ldots c_k}$ as a product of cycles, with ${c_i = (d, d^g, d^{g^2}, \ldots )}$ in the permutation representation of ${G}$ on ${D}$ (in other words ${G}$ can be thought of as a subgroup of ${S_{|D|}}$). We also denote ${C_i = \{d, d^g, \ldots \}}$, i.e., the support of ${c_i}$.
Let ${f :D \rightarrow R}$ be such that ${f^g = f}$, i.e., ${f}$ is constant on the ${C_i}$‘s (we abuse ${f^{g,id}}$ as ${f^g}$). Consider the algebraic manipulation
$\displaystyle \prod_{i=1}^k \sum_{r \in R} w(r)^{|C_i|} = \sum_{f: \text{ constant on each }C_i} \prod_{d \in D} w(f(d)) = \sum_{f: f^g = f} w(f). \ \ \ \ \ (7)$
Theorem 4 (Polya) Say ${|D| =d}$, and let ${p_G(x_1, \ldots, x_d) = \frac{1}{|G|} \sum_{g \in G} x_1^{a_1(g)} \ldots x_d^{a_d(g)}}$, where ${a_i(g) =}$ number of cycles in ${g}$ of length ${i}$. Then
$\displaystyle \sum_{\text{pattern } p} w(p) = p_G(\sum_{i \in R} w(i), \sum_{i \in R} w(i)^2, \ldots, \sum_{i \in R} w(i)^d). \ \ \ \ \ (8)$
In particular, the total number of patterns equal ${p_G(|R|, \ldots, |R|)}$.
Examples: Let ${D}$ be ${[4]}$, with ${G = C_4}$,
$\displaystyle p_{C_4}(x_1, \ldots, x_4) = \frac{1}{4} (x_1^4 + x_2^2 + 2 x_4). \ \ \ \ \ (9)$
If we have two colors, then ${|R|=2}$, and ${\frac{1}{4}(2^4 + 2^2 + 4)=6}$ (recall ${H = \{ id\}}$). And indeed there are 6 ways of coloring ${D}$ up to ${C_4}$ symmetry with two colors.
Example 2: Want 2 red and 2 blue: then we set ${w(R) = y_1}$ and ${w(B) = y_2}$. And we need
$\displaystyle [y_1^2 y_2^2] p_{C_4}(y_1 + y_2, y_1^2 + y_2^2, y_1^3 + y_2^3, y_1^4 + y_2^4) = \frac{1}{4}(6 + 2) = 2$. Indeed there are only two ways of distinct colorings in this situation, namely BRBR or BBRR.
More generally, given ${G, D}$, the ${[y_1^{a_1} \ldots y_d^{a_d}]}$ coefficient of ${p_G( \sum y_i, \sum y_i^2, \ldots, \sum y_i^d)}$ is the number of colorings with ${a_i}$ color ${i}$.
2. Cycle Indices
1. ${G = C_n}$, ${P_{C_n}(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{d | n} \phi(d) x_d^{n/d}}$.
2. ${G= D_{2n}}$ the dihedral group: then for n odd
$\displaystyle p_{D_{2n}}= \frac{1}{2n} (nx_1 x_2^{\frac{n-1}{2}} + \sum_{d |n} \phi(d) x_d^{n/d}) \ \ \ \ \ (10)$
and for ${n}$ even
$\displaystyle p_{D_{2n}} = \frac{1}{2n}( \frac{n}{2} x_2^{n/2} + \frac{n}{2} x_1^2 x_2^{(n-2)/2} + nx_1 x_2^{\frac{n-1}{2}} + \sum_{d |n} \phi(d) x_d^{n/d}). \ \ \ \ \ (11)$
3. ${G=S_n}$: we get the familiar
$\displaystyle p_{S_n}(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = \frac{1}{n!} \sum_{\lambda \vdash n} \frac{n!}{z_{\lambda}} \prod_{i=1}^n x_i^{a_i(\lambda)}. \ \ \ \ \ (12)$
4. If ${G_i}$ acts on ${D_i}$ for ${i=1,2}$, and ${D_1 \cap D_2 = \emptyset}$, then ${G_1 \oplus G_2}$ acts on ${D_1 \cap D_2}$, and ${p_{G_1 \oplus G_2} = p_{G_1} p_{G_2}}$.
5. Wreath product: Suppose ${I}$ is an index set, ${D}$ is a set, ${G}$ acts on ${I}$, and ${H^{|I|}}$ acts on ${D^{|I|}}$ coordinate-wise. Also let ${G \ltimes H^{|I|}:= \{(g; h_1, \ldots, h_{|I|})\}}$ be the wreath product of ${G}$ and ${H}$ under the above action. Then
Theorem 5
$\displaystyle P_{G \ltimes H}(x_1,x_2, \ldots) = p_G(p_H(x_1,x_2,\ldots), p_H(x_2,x_4,\ldots),p_H(x_3,x_6,\ldots),\ldots). \ \ \ \ \ (13)$
Literature: James and Kerber. Rep. Theory of symmetrici groups.
A. Kerber: Group acting on sets.
R. Read: Polya’s theory of enumerations.
6. Alas, computing the cycle indices is ${\#}$-P complete even for ${C_2^n}$, a result of Jenaum-Golberg. Computational Polya Theory. This immediately implies that the Ising model partition function is ${\#}$-P complete to compute, for dimension ${d > 2}$.
More generally, for De Bruijn stuff i.e. nontrivial ${H}$, we need to do
1. Find ${p_G(x_1,x_2,\ldots)}$
2. associate ${w(r_i) = y_i}$ for each ${r_i \in R}$,
3. for each ${s =1, \ldots, d}$, and ${h \in H}$, compute ${S(h,s):= \{r: r^{h^s} =r\}}$. Set ${P_s(h) = \sum_{r \in S(h,s)} w(r) w(r^h) \ldots w(r^{h^{s-1}})}$. If ${S(h,r) = \emptyset}$, set ${P_s(h) = 0}$.
4. then the number of ${G}$-patterns ${f: D \rightarrow R}$ (i.e., orbits under ${G}$ action), invariant under ${h}$, with ${a_i}$ color i, is ${[y_1^{a_1} \ldots y_d^{a_d}] p_G(P_1(h), P_2(h), \ldots, P_d(h))}$.
5. The total number of ${G \times H}$ patterns is then
$\displaystyle \frac{1}{|H|} \sum_{h \in H} p_G(P_1(h), \ldots, P_d(h)). \ \ \ \ \ (14)$
As a small application of Polya theory, we can do graph enumeration on a fixed number of vertices, up to permutation of the vertices:
${|D|= \binom{V}{2}}$, ${D}$ consists of distinct pairs ${(i,j)}$, and ${G = S_V}$, ${R = \{0,1\}}$, ${H = \{id\}}$ or ${C_2}$. See paper by P. Hanlon and R. W. Robinson.
math PhD at Stanford, studying probability
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5 Responses to Algebraic combinatorics lecture 14: Polya Theory
1. drexel28 says:
Friend, this is a fantastic blog. I cannot believe that I haven’t run into it before. The only comment I’d offer is I wish you’d ‘categorize’ them. I have been following your alg. comb. lecture series, but I wish I could just go to a category labeled ‘Algebraic Combinatorics’ for easy access–but this is a very minor detail!
Just out of curiousity, what part of probability are you working in?
Best,
Alex Youcis
• Dear Alex,
Thank you for your interest in my blog. You are the first one to make a comment on the mathematical content. I will follow your advice to categorize the material from now on as well as back issues. In fact all the algebraic combinatorics lectures are taken from my advisor Persi Diaconis’ course. I am working in markov chain mixing, random matrix theory, as well as discrete probability models with symmetry.
• drexel28 says:
Friend,
That is shocking that I am the first one to comment. This is a legitimate blog with interesting topics etc. Keep up the good work!
As for your areas of research I must admit that while I know what a Markov chain is I have no idea what Markov chain mixing is. Also, I am only tangentially aware of random matrix theory after hearing about Montgomery’s result concerning the distrbution of the zeta zeros.
Best,
Alex
2. drexel28 says:
Also, how do you hyperlink back to a previous equation? For example, in your Berry-Esseen post you hyperlinked (1) and it, when clicked, brough the screen back to equation (1).
• you can label the equations using \label{} and refer back to it using \eqref{} just as in usual latex. The easiest way is to use latex2wp, a free python script that converts latex files into wordpress latex format. I actually wrote a blog entry a while ago on how to make latex2wp into an executable file for windows system. You can search for that. Random matrix theory has connections to lots of other discrete models, due to its representation theoretic significance. A personal hero of mine is Kurt Johansson, who did lots of hardcore analytic stuff in related areas. | 2017-07-23 00:42:59 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 159, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9588150382041931, "perplexity": 418.1314195954211}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424200.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723002704-20170723022704-00165.warc.gz"} |
http://openstudy.com/updates/4de3e0a64c0e8b0beb0facd8 | anonymous 5 years ago How to solve an equation using factoring and quadratic formula ??? x^-19x+48 = 0 ???
1. anonymous
factoring (x-16)(x-3) = 0 so x = 16 or 3
2. anonymous
(x -16)(x-3) =0 x + 3 or 16
3. anonymous
You know how to solve using the Quadratic formula right?
4. anonymous
noo
5. anonymous
:)
6. anonymous
The formula is $x = (-b \pm \sqrt{b ^{2}-4ac}) / 2a$
7. anonymous
oh okay
8. anonymous
here b = -19 a = 1 c = 48 Solve :)
9. anonymous
thank you
10. anonymous
:)
11. anonymous
welcome jen
Find more explanations on OpenStudy | 2017-01-24 03:09:24 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5044344067573547, "perplexity": 8709.008440404574}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00536-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
http://mathhelpforum.com/new-users/210393-research-scholar-lecturer-uos.html | research scholar and lecturer at UOS
Well i am a research scholar as well as lecturer of mathematics
doing work on algebra, representation theory, group theory and combinatorics | 2014-04-20 00:46:59 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8054121732711792, "perplexity": 1528.3274940117612}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537804.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00152-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://unmethours.com/answers/19143/revisions/ | Question-and-Answer Resource for the Building Energy Modeling Community
Get s tarted with the Help page
# Revision history [back]
If using Radiance directly, the simplest method is to use a plastic material, and equal RGB values to define a grey material of n reflectance, definition e.g.:
void plastic my_60%_reflective_material
0 0 5
0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0
If using OpenStudio, you'd make a material whose absorptance is the inverse of the reflectance you desire, and place that on the innermost layer of your construction. This will be translated to a similar plastic material definition in the corresponding Radiance model, when you run the Radiance measure in OpenStudio.
These are pretty generic responses. If you provide more detail (what program are you using, what's the goal of the simulation (pretty pictures versus good data, etc.)) we can probably provide more details.
If (updated 2016.07.26) It is absolutely possible to change the reflectance of the room surfaces in your OpenStudio model. This is explained in the second 'graph, below.
Again, if using Radiance directly, the simplest method is to use a plastic material, and equal RGB values to define a grey material of n reflectance, definition e.g.:
void plastic my_60%_reflective_material
0 0 5
0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0
If As you state you are using OpenStudio, then you'd want to make a an opaque material whose absorptance is the inverse of the reflectance you desire, and place that on the innermost layer of your construction. This (This will be translated to a similar plastic material definition in the corresponding Radiance model, when you run the Radiance measure in OpenStudio.
These OpenStudio.)
The safest thing to do would be to locate the material(s) you are pretty generic responses. already using for your interior room surfaces and modify their absorptances to get you the reflectance you want. The screenshot below shows the material properties for 1/2" Gypsum, from your model (thanks for posting that); it's got a Visible Absorptance of 0.40 (see lower right), meaning it's a 60% reflective material, in the visible spectrum. If you provide more detail (what program are you using, what's the goal of the simulation (pretty pictures versus good data, etc.)) we change this value to the inverse of whatever you want for visible reflectance, you're all set. You can probably provide more details.
duplicate that one as many times as you need to get all the different values you desire. Then you'd apply this material as the innermost layer in your constructions, and that's it.
Now, as for the shape of the floor plan: it's non-convex. This is problematic both for EnergyPlus (shading calculations), and unfortunately for Radiance as well, at least in the OpenStudio / Radiance implementation. The illuminance maps, which you will use for your daylight evaluation, must be rectangular; OpenStudio does not (easily) support arbitrarily shaped lighting calculation grids. You will not be able to cover the entire area of your floor plan with uniformly arrayed calculation points. You can either place illuminance maps to cover what you can and evaluate relative changes in your designs, but obviously, the daylight metrics will not be spatially representative.
Hope this helps! | 2021-11-27 08:46:16 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.35846805572509766, "perplexity": 1614.224069905422}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358153.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127073536-20211127103536-00152.warc.gz"} |
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/math/algebra/algebra-1/chapter-8-polynomials-and-factoring-cumulative-test-prep-multiple-choice-page-529/12 | ## Algebra 1
Published by Prentice Hall
# Chapter 8 - Polynomials and Factoring - Cumulative Test Prep - Multiple Choice - Page 529: 12
#### Answer
H) $\frac{1}{2}$
#### Work Step by Step
To answer the question, one must realize with the given points that for each time the $x$ value increases by 1, the $y$ value increases by 8. To find the $x$ value you must see what the value is when $y$ is equal to zero, meaning that it would have to move either 4 places up or down depending on which point used for reference. Since you are only moving half the amount necessary to move a full $x$ intercept, you can infer that the $y$ value is $0$ at $x=1/2$.
After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback. | 2020-02-18 15:56:26 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5947989225387573, "perplexity": 493.35430306552166}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143784.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200218150621-20200218180621-00383.warc.gz"} |
https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/axiom-developer/2005-06/msg00493.html | axiom-developer
[Top][All Lists]
## Re: [Axiom-developer] Re: converting sexps to XML
From: michel . lavaud Subject: Re: [Axiom-developer] Re: converting sexps to XML Date: Wed, 29 Jun 2005 11:48:54 +0200
Hello Bob,
On 28 Jun 2005 at 13:26, Bob McElrath wrote:
> I think these two ideas are very distinct. A latex document is
> processed from top to bottom, once. A change requires essentially a
> re-compile of the entire document.
I don't agree with you on that point : I have devised a software (AsTeX
assistant) that
allows to tune parts of TeX/LateX documents by selecting small portions of the
document and displaying it without compiling the whole document - for example
select
a formula or part of formula, or part of a table - and display only the
formula, or part of
the formula or table or etc.. You have just to select the portion of document
in your
favorite editor (Emacs, or any other editor, even Word), click on the Display
button of
AA, and the selected portion is displayed in the dvi viewing window. You can
even use
predefined commands such as \def\g{\gamma} defined outside the selected text
(say,
defined in a special file such as mymacros.tex), or commands defined in LaTeX
packages. For illustrations, cf.
http://www.univ-orleans.fr/EXT/ASTEX/astex/doc/fr/nouv31a/html/nouv31.htm
for part of a table + included figure + colored maths, and
http://www.univ-orleans.fr/EXT/ASTEX/astex/doc/fr/assist/html/aase7.htm
for part of a formula.
Of course, if one forces incorrect commands or undefined commands inside the
selected portion, the display is incorrect, in the same way as the result is
incorrect if
one forces an incorrect command or undefine variable in Axiom, or Maxima, or
other
interactive software. AA was presented at TUG2000 in Oxford, and various other
places.
> Syntactic validity cannot be
> ensured in a sub-document of latex. (e.g. I could insert
> "\end{paragraph}" in the middle of my paragraph...causing the parser
> to totally barf)
> On the other hand XML has the concept of a DOM, which allows me to
> examine nodes individually, add/remove nodes, and modify the text
> inside a node, all in a self-contained manner.
I think one ought to compare what is comparable : it seems that you consider the
possibility to write an incorrect LaTeX document by omitting \end{paragraph} in
a
dumb editor (say notepad under Windows) ? Well, OK, but I cannot see what would
prevent me from writing an incorrect XML document with the same editor ? It
seems
to me that, either one uses a dumb editor and run an external software to check
the
validity of the TeX or XML document, or one uses a specialized editor for TeX
or XML
that prevents most or all errors. If one uses LyX, one cannot introduce
syntactic errors
such as trailing \end{paragraph} (except if one does it on purpose - but one
could
create a version that forbids it). If one uses Emacs with AUC-TeX, or any
editor +
AsTeX assistant to insert TeX/LaTeX commands, or other "intelligent editors",
one
gets a mostly syntactically correct document with the existing softwares
("mostly" in
the sense that errors would have a human origin, not because of TeX or the
editor
used). One could even have an always syntactically correct document with more
effort
(at least with AA, I had not the time to do it but the plan is there). And if
there are XML
constructions that do not exist in LaTeX, I suppose it could be possible to add
commands in LaTeX that implement them, in the same way LaTeX builds on Plain
TeX by adding \begin{} \end{}, \tableofcontents etc., and builds on PostScript
via
\special{} to implement color (although TeX knows only of B&W), or figures,
rotations,
etc. I would be very astonished if one could prove that it is impossible to
implement
the DOM concept, or other XML concepts, in LaTeX ?
http://www.univ-orleans.fr/EXT/ASTEX
ftp://ftp.univ-orleans.fr/pub/tex/PC/AsTeX | 2019-07-17 02:42:54 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9548137784004211, "perplexity": 5965.2687220496155}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525009.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717021428-20190717043428-00451.warc.gz"} |
http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/69417/concept-of-time-division-multiplexing | Concept of Time Division Multiplexing [duplicate]
This question already has an answer here:
I have been studying the concept of Time Division Multiplexing, but I have not been able to understand some stuffs, for instance, I have not been able to understand why the sampling rate for audio is 8Kbps and then they say the frame length is 128ms, I saw on another documents that the frame length would be 1/8000 which gives 128µs, I am really getting confused, as a matter of fact I am confused, on another documents I was also asked to Explain Time Division in terms of sources and their bit rates. I would like some help on all these please, maybe a little explanation of the concept would be also good, so that I can view it from another persons point of view, thanks...
-
marked as duplicate by Dave Tweed♦, placeholder, PeterJ, Camil Staps, Anindo GhoshMay 16 '13 at 10:58
1/8000 gives you the number of seconds per bit, so you can transmit 1 bit in 128us and hence you can transfer 1000 bits in 128ms. – nonsensickle May 15 '13 at 22:17
If you have additional points that were not addressed in your original question, you should bring them up there, rather than starting another question. – Dave Tweed May 15 '13 at 22:25
"Explain Time Division in terms of sources and their bit rates" is one of those badly phrased questions that appear in modern textbooks; it's supposed to trigger recall of some previous paragraph, not make sense in terms of basic concepts.
Time division multiplexing is any technique for transmitting multiple logical streams of data over a single physical channel by allocating timeslots to transmitters.
Consider a very simple example where there are two 8kbps streams you want to time division multiplex onto a 16kpbs channel. (Channel total bit capacity obviously has to be greater than the sum of things to multiplex onto it).
One 8kbps stream generates a bit every 125us (not 128us). The 16kbit channel transmits one bit every 62.5us.
Let's say we declare our timeslots to be 5ms long, which is 80 bits in the channel, assuming all data no padding. The multiplexer accumulates input bits from both channels for 10ms, after which it has 80 bits from channel 1 and 80 bits from channel 20. It then spends 5ms transmitting a frame of the first 80 bits, then 5ms transmitting another frame of channel 2. During that time it's accumulated another frame from each channel to transmit, and so on.
Edit: this is entirely separate from any consideration of audio sampling rates which might be going on - I'm explaining it in pure bit terms.
- | 2016-02-08 01:59:19 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.583238959312439, "perplexity": 951.3482397969854}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701152097.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193912-00124-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://www.studysmarter.us/textbooks/physics/college-physics-urone-1st-edition/linear-momentum-and-collisions/q55-pe-calculate-the-increase-in-velocity-of-a-4000kg-space-/ | Suggested languages for you:
Americas
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Q55 PE
Expert-verified
Found in: Page 291
### College Physics (Urone)
Book edition 1st Edition
Author(s) Paul Peter Urone
Pages 1272 pages
ISBN 9781938168000
# Calculate the increase in velocity of a $4000\;kg$ space probe that expels$3500\;kg$ of its mass at an exhaust velocity of$2.00\times{10^3}\;m/s$. . You may assume the gravitational force is negligible at the probe’s location.
The increase in velocity is${\rm{4}}{\rm{.159 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{3}}}\;{\rm{m/s}}$.
See the step by step solution
## Step 1: Definition of Force
A force is a factor that can impact an object's motion. A force can cause a mass item to accelerate (e.g., from a standstill).
## Step 2: Given Data
The mass of space probe is ${\rm{m = 4000}}\;{\rm{kg}}$.
Original mass of the probe now is ${{\rm{m}}_{\rm{o}}}{\rm{ = 4000 - 3500 = 500}}\;{\rm{kg}}$.
The exhaust velocity is ${{\rm{v}}_{\rm{e}}}{\rm{ = 2}}{\rm{.00 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{3}}}\;{\rm{m/s}}$.
## Step 3: Calculation of change in velocity
The relationship between velocity and mass is as follows:
\begin{align}{\rm{v = }}{{\rm{v}}_{\rm{o}}}{\rm{ + }}{{\rm{v}}_{\rm{e}}}{\rm{ln}}\frac{{\rm{m}}}{{{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{o}}}}}\end{align}
Substituting the obtained values,
${\rm{v - }}{{\rm{v}}_{\rm{o}}}{\rm{ = }}{{\rm{v}}_{\rm{e}}}{\rm{ln}}\frac{{\rm{m}}}{{{{\rm{m}}_{\rm{o}}}}}$
${\rm{ = 2 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{3}}}{\rm{ln}}\frac{{{\rm{4000 kg}}}}{{{\rm{500 kg}}}}$
${\rm{ = 4}}{\rm{.159 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{3}}}\;{\rm{m/s}}$
Hence, the answer is ${\rm{4}}{\rm{.159 \times 1}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{3}}}\;{\rm{m/s}}$. | 2023-03-20 09:35:49 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 1, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8712397217750549, "perplexity": 3388.7553163646357}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943471.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320083513-20230320113513-00307.warc.gz"} |
https://www.bartleby.com/solution-answer/chapter-28-problem-42p-principles-of-economics-2e-2nd-edition/9781947172364/if-gdp-is-and-the-money-supply-is-what-is-velocity/c9e64585-726f-11e9-8385-02ee952b546e | Chapter 28, Problem 42P
### Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
ISBN: 9781947172364
Chapter
Section
### Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
ISBN: 9781947172364
Textbook Problem
# If GDP is and the money supply is what is velocity?
To determine
The velocity of money, given the nominal GDP and money supply.
Explanation
The velocity of money is pace of circulation of money in the economy. The formula for calculating velocity of money is given below.
velocityofmoney=Nominal GDPMoneySupplyv=YMS
Given Information:
Money supply, MS= $400 Nominal GDP =$1500
### Still sussing out bartleby?
Check out a sample textbook solution.
See a sample solution
#### The Solution to Your Study Problems
Bartleby provides explanations to thousands of textbook problems written by our experts, many with advanced degrees!
Get Started | 2019-11-17 02:27:23 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.26920509338378906, "perplexity": 14999.101119460945}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668782.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20191117014405-20191117042405-00358.warc.gz"} |
https://www.esaral.com/q/a-cylindrical-water-tank-of-diameter-1-4-m-and-height-2-1-m-is-being-fed-by-a-pipe-of-diameter-3-5-cm-through-which-water-flows-at-the-rate-of-2-m-per-second-68670/ | A cylindrical water tank of diameter 1.4 m and height 2.1 m is being fed by a pipe of diameter 3.5 cm through which water flows at the rate of 2 m per second.
Question:
A cylindrical water tank of diameter 1.4 m and height 2.1 m is being fed by a pipe of diameter 3.5 cm through which water flows at the rate of 2 m per second. In how much time will the tank be filled?
Solution:
Radius of the water $\tan k, R=\frac{1.4}{2}=0.7 \mathrm{~m}$
Height of the water tank, H = 2.1 m
$\therefore$ Capacity of the water tank $=\pi R^{2} H=\pi(0.7)^{2} \times 2.1 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$
Speed of the water flow = 2 m/s
Radius of the pipe, $r=\frac{3.5}{2}=1.75 \mathrm{~cm}=0.0175 \mathrm{~m}$
Area of the cross section of the pipe $=\pi r^{2}=\pi(0.0175)^{2} \mathrm{~m}^{2}$
Volume of the water flowing out of the pipe in one second = Area of the cross section of the pipe $\times 2 \mathrm{~m}=\pi(0.0175)^{2} \times 2 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$
Let the time taken to fill the tank be t seconds.
∴ Volume of the water flowing out of the pipe in t seconds
= Volume of the water flowing out of the pipe in one second × t
$=\pi(0.0175)^{2} \times 2 \times t \mathrm{~m}^{3}$
Now,
Volume of the water flowing out of the pipe in t seconds = Capacity of the water tank
$\therefore \pi(0.0175)^{2} \times 2 \times t=\pi(0.7)^{2} \times 2.1$
$\Rightarrow t=\frac{(0.7)^{2} \times 2.1}{(0.0175)^{2} \times 2}$
$\Rightarrow t=1680 \mathrm{~s}$
$\Rightarrow t=\frac{1680}{60}$
⇒ t = 28 minutes
Thus, the tank will be filled in 28 minutes. | 2022-09-24 15:59:43 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.38731369376182556, "perplexity": 254.16251247462847}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030331677.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220924151538-20220924181538-00551.warc.gz"} |
https://brilliant.org/weekly-problems/2018-11-19/intermediate/?problem=fun-time-2 | # Problems of the Week
Contribute a problem
# 2018-11-19 Intermediate
This annulus has been formed from two concentric circles. A chord of length $t$ of the larger circle is then drawn tangent to the inner circle.
If you only know the value of $t,$ can you calculate the area of the annulus?
French mathematician Joseph Bertrand posed the following problem in 1889:
You have 3 identical boxes, each containing 2 coins: the first box 2 gold coins, the second box 2 silver coins, and the third box 1 gold and 1 silver coin.
Your friend shuffles the boxes at random. Then, you choose a box and pull a coin out of it, and it's gold.
What is the probability that the other coin in the same box is also a gold coin?
I have a square puzzle consisting of $10 \times 10 = 100$ pieces.
If I pick two pieces at random, what is the probability that they fit together, i.e. they lie next to each other in the puzzle?
If the probability can be written as $\frac ab$ with coprime positive integers $a$ and $b,$ give your answer as $a+b.$
Details and Assumptions:
• Every piece is equally likely to be picked. I don't look whether the first piece has a straight edge or similar tricks.
• Every piece only fits together with its neighboring pieces, and there is a unique solution to the puzzle.
Four congruent semicircles are packed into a square.
What proportion of the square is filled?
The sum of the ages of my five nieces is 47. Their ages are positive integers, and any two of them have a common divisor greater than 1.
How old is the eldest?
× | 2020-02-27 02:32:16 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 11, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6251048445701599, "perplexity": 350.48286098336945}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146643.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227002351-20200227032351-00504.warc.gz"} |
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/math/precalculus/precalculus-6th-edition/chapter-r-review-of-basic-concepts-r-4-factoring-polynomials-r-4-exercises-page-44/58 | ## Precalculus (6th Edition)
$(2p+q-5)^{2}$
Test whether this is a perfect square, $(A-B)^{2}=A^{2}-2AB+B^{2}$ First term: $A^{2}=(2p+q)^{2}\Rightarrow A=2p+q$ Third term: $B^{2}=(5)^{2}\Rightarrow B=5$ Test:$\qquad$ does $-2AB$ equal the middle term? $-2AB=-2(2p+q)(5)=-10(2p+q)\qquad$ ... yes, it does. $\Rightarrow$This is a perfect square, $[(2p+q)-5]^{2}=(2p+q-5)^{2}$ | 2020-05-31 16:07:39 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.23827023804187775, "perplexity": 1470.9634617005318}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413551.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531151414-20200531181414-00497.warc.gz"} |
https://www.studyadda.com/notes/neet/chemistry/goc/bonding-and-hybridisation-inorganic-compounds/19407 | # NEET Chemistry GOC Bonding and hybridisation inorganic compounds
Bonding and hybridisation inorganic compounds
Category : NEET
Bonding and hybridisation in organic compounds
Bonding in organic compounds.
The organic compounds are carbon compounds consisting of one or more carbon atoms. Carbon must form only covalent bonds, i.e., it should share its valency electrons with other atoms.
According to the modern concept, a covalent bond is formed between two atoms if there is an overlapping of an atomic orbital of one atom with an atomic orbital of another atom. The overlapping is possible by two ways,
(1) End to end overlapping: This type of overlapping is possible between $s-s,\,s-{{p}_{x}}$ and ${{p}_{x}}-{{p}_{x}}$atomic orbitals. The molecular bond formed is termed as sigma $(\sigma )$ bond.
(2) Sidewise or parallel or lateral overlapping: Such overlapping is possible between $p-p$ atomic orbitals. The molecular bond formed is termed as $pi\,(\pi )$ bond.
$\sigma$-Bond $\pi$-Bond Formed by End to End overlap of AO?s. Formed by lateral overlap of $p$-orbitals. Has cylindrical charge symmetry about bond axis. Has maximum charge density in the cross-sectional plane of the orbitals. Has free rotation No free rotation, i.e., frozen rotation Low energy Higher energy Only one s bond can exist between two atoms, One or two p bonds can exist between two atoms. Sigma bonds are directional. Thus the geometry of the molecule depends on the s bonds. p bonds are not directional. Geometry of the molecule not depends on p bond. Area of overlapping is higher hence bond is stronger. Area of overlapping is small hence bond is weaker. s bond can have independent existance. p bond always exist along with a s bond and p bond is formed after the formation of s bond.
Hybridisation in Organic Compounds.
(1) The process of mixing atomic orbitals to form a set of new equivalent orbitals is termed as hybridisation. There are three types of hybridisation encountered in carbon atom. These are,
(i) $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridisation (involved in saturated organic compounds containing only single covalent bonds),
(ii) $s{{p}^{2}}$ hybridisation (involved in organic compounds having carbon linked by double bonds) and
(iii) $sp$ hybridisation (involved in organic compounds having carbon linked by a triple bonds).
Type of hybridisation Number of orbitals used Number of unused p-orbitals Bond Bond angle Geometry % s-character sp3 1s and 3p Nil Four -s 109.5° Tetrahedral 25 or 1/4 sp2 1s and 2p One Three -s One -p 120° Trigonal 33.33 or 1/3 sp 1s and 1p Two Two -s Two -p 180° Linear 50 or 1/2
(2) Determination of hybridisation at different carbon atoms: It can be done by two methods,
(i) First method: In this method hybridisation can be know by the number of $\pi -$ bonds present on that particular atom.
Number of p? bond/s 0 1 2 Type of hybridisation sp3 sp2 sp
Examples: (i) $\underset{_{s{{p}^{3}}}^{\downarrow }\,\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{3}}}}\,-\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{CH}}\,=\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{CH}}\,\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\ \downarrow }}{\overset{\ _{|\,|}^{O}}{\mathop{-C\,-}}}\,\underset{_{s{{p}^{3}}}^{\downarrow }\,\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{3}}}}\,$ (ii) $\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow \ }}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}}}\,=\underset{_{sp}^{\,\downarrow }}{\mathop{C}}\,=\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}}}\,$
(iii) $\underset{_{s{{p}^{3}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}}}\,-\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{CH}}\,=\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{CH}}\,-\underset{_{s{{p}^{3}}}^{\downarrow }\,\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}}}\,-\underset{\,_{sp}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{C}}\,\equiv \underset{_{sp}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{N}}\,$ (iv) $\underset{\,\,\,\,\,_{sp}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{HC}}\,\equiv \underset{\,_{sp}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{C}}\,-\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }}{\mathop{CH}}\,=\underset{_{s{{p}^{2}}}^{\downarrow }\,\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}}}\,$
Note: q In diamond carbon is sp3 hybridised and in graphite carbon is $s{{p}^{2}}$ hybridised.
q This method cannot be used for those atoms of the molecule which have positive charge, negative charge or odd electron.
(ii) Second method: (Electron pair method)
ep = bp + lp; where ep = electron pair present in hybrid orbitals , bp = bond pair present in hybrid orbitals
Number of bp = Number of atoms attached to the central atom of the species
Number of lp’s can be determined as follows,
(a) If carbon has $\pi$- bond/s or positive charge or odd electron, than lp on carbon will be zero.
(b) If carbon has negative charge, then lp will be equal to one.
Number of electron pairs (ep) tells us the type of hybridisation as follows,
ep 2 3 4 5 6 Type of hybridisation $sp$ $s{{p}^{2}}$ $s{{p}^{3}}$ $s{{p}^{3}}d$ $s{{p}^{3}}{{d}^{2}}$
Example:
(i) $\underset{\underset{\frac{\,lp=0}{ep=2,\,sp}}{\mathop{bp=2}}\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}=\underset{\downarrow \,\,\,\,}{\overset{\oplus \,\,\,\,\,}{\mathop{CH}}}\,}}\,$
(ii) $\underset{\underset{\frac{\,lp=1}{ep=3,\,s{{p}^{2}}}}{\mathop{bp=2}}\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}=\underset{\downarrow \,\,\,\,}{\overset{\Theta \,\,\,\,\,}{\mathop{CH}}}\,}}\,$
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(3) Applications of hybridisation
(i) Size of the hybrid orbitals: Since $s$- orbitals are closer to nucleus than $p$- orbitals, it is reasonable to expect that greater the $s$ character of an orbital the smaller it is. Thus the decreasing order of the size of the three hybrid orbitals is opposite to that of the decreasing order of $s$ orbital character in the three hybrid orbitals.
$s{{p}^{3}}>s{{p}^{2}}>sp$
(ii) Electronegativity of different orbitals
(a) Electronegativity of s-orbital is maximum.
(b) Electronegativity of hybrid orbital µ % s-character in hybrid orbitals
$\underset{\,\,s\text{-character in decreasing order and electronegativity in decreasing order}}{\mathop{\xrightarrow{\ \ \ \ \ \underset{\text{ }\!\!%\!\!\text{ }s\text{ -character}}{\mathop{\text{Orbital}}}\,\text{ }\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{50}{\mathop{\,sp}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{33.33}{\mathop{\,\,s{{p}^{2}}}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\underset{25}{\mathop{\,\,\,s{{p}^{3}}}}\,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }}}\,$
Thus sp-hybrid carbon is always electronegative in character and $s{{p}^{3}}$- hybrid carbon is electropositive in character. $s{{p}^{2}}$-hybrid carbon can behave as electropositive (in carbocation) as well as electronegative (in carbanion) in characte $C{{H}_{3}}-\overset{\oplus \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}{\mathop{C{{H}_{2}}}}\,$ $C{{H}_{2}}=\overset{\oplus \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}{\mathop{CH}}\,$
(c) Electronegativity of different hybrid and unhybrid orbitals in decreasing order is as follows
$\underset{\text{ }\!\!%\!\!\text{ s-character in decreasing order and}\ \text{electronegativity in decreasing order}\text{.}}{\mathop{\xrightarrow{\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ s>sp>s{{p}^{2}}>s{{p}^{3}}>p\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}}}\,$
(iii) Bond length variation in hydrocarbons
% s orbital character $\propto \frac{1}{C-C\,\text{bond length}}\propto \frac{1}{C-H\text{ bond length}}$
Bond type (C ? H) Bond length Bond type (C ? C) Bond length $s{{p}^{3}}-s$ (alkanes) 1.112Å $s{{p}^{3}}-s{{p}^{3}}$(alkanes) 1.54 Å $s{{p}^{2}}-s$ (alkenes) 1.103Å $s{{p}^{2}}-s{{p}^{2}}$(alkenes) 1.34Å $sp-s$ (alkynes) 1.08Å $sp-sp$(alkynes) 1.20Å
Note: q C–C bond length in benzene lies between single and double bond due to resonance. (1.40Å).
(iv) Bond strength in hydrocarbons: The shorter the bond, the greater the compression between atomic nuclei and hence greater the strength of that bond is. Thus the bond formed by $sp$ hybridised carbon is strongest (i.e., it has maximum bond energy) while that formed by $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridised carbon is the weakest (i.e., it has minimum bond energy). This is evident by the bond energies of the various types of $C-H$ and $C-C$ bonds.
Bond type (C ? H) Bond energy (kcal/mole) Bond type (C ? C) Bond energy (kcal/mole) $s{{p}^{3}}-s$ (in alkanes) 104 $s{{p}^{3}}-s{{p}^{3}}$(in alkanes) 80 ? 90 $s{{p}^{2}}-s$ (in alkenes) 106 $s{{p}^{2}}-s{{p}^{2}}$(in alkenes) 122 ? 164 $sp-s$ (in alkynes) 121 $sp-sp$(in alkynes) 123 ? 199
(v) Acidity of hydrocarbons
(a) Hydrogen present on electronegative carbon is acidic in character.
(b) Acidity of hydrogen is directly proportional to the electronegativity of atom on which hydrogen is present.
Thus
$\underset{\begin{smallmatrix} \text{Electronegativity of atom in decreasing order} \\ \text{Acidity of compounds in deceasing order } \end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{\xrightarrow{H-O-H N{{H}_{3}} CH\equiv CH}}}\,$
(c) Acidity of hydrocarbon µ % s-character
$CH\equiv CH$ $C{{H}_{2}}=C{{H}_{2}}$ $C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{3}}$
% s-character 50 33.33 25
$pKa$ 25 44 50
s- character in decreasing order and acidity in decreasing order
Note: q Acidity µ Ka and Acidity $\propto \frac{1}{pKa}(pKa=-\log Ka)$
q Order of acidic nature of alkynes is, $HC\equiv CH>HC\equiv C-C{{H}_{3}}$
q The relative acidic character follows the order;
${{H}_{2}}O>ROH>HC\equiv CH>N{{H}_{3}}>C{{H}_{2}}\equiv C{{H}_{2}}>C{{H}_{3}}-C{{H}_{3}}$
Obviously, the basic character of their conjugate bases follows the reverse order, i.e.,
$C{{H}_{3}}CH_{2}^{}>C{{H}_{2}}=C{{H}^{}}>NH_{2}^{}>HC\equiv {{C}^{}}>R{{O}^{}}>H{{O}^{}}$
##### 30 20
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https://codegolf.stackexchange.com/questions/206830/implement-a-unix-file-system-and-command-line-parser/206832 | Implement a UNIX file system and command line parser
Description
Your task is to implement a simple UNIX command parser and file system. Your program will have to implement a file system that can be modified via commands.
The starting directory of your file system is an empty root directory /, with no subdirectories or files. Your program must be capable of handling the following commands:
Commands
cd <dirpath> - Change the current directory
• <dirpath> will be a list of directory names or "..", seperated by "/"
• e.g. cd ../folder1/folder2 means to navigate up one directory level, then descend into folder1, then descend into folder2
• If the directory path is not valid, then the command will do nothing
touch <filename> - Create a new file
• e.g. touch me.txt creates a file called me.txt in the current directory
• Filenames will only contain characters a-z and "."
• Filenames will contain "." at least once
• "." will never be the first or last character in a file name
• If a file already exists with the same name in the current directory, nothing happens
mkdir <dirname> - Create a new directory
• e.g. mkdir photos creates a new photos directory in the current directory
• Directory names will only contan characters a-z
• If a directory already exists with the same name in the current directory, nothing happens
rm [-r] <filename-or-dirname> - Remove a file or directory
• e.g. rm hello.mp3 removes a file named hello.mp3 in the current directory
• e.g. rm -r documents removes a folder named documents in the current directory, and all of its contents
• If rm tries to delete a directory without the -r flag, nothing will happen
• However rm will delete a file even with the -r flag
• If the specified directory or file cannot be found, nothing happens
Tree output
Your program will output the following tree-like representation of the current file system using spaces as indentation. For example:
/
documents
document.docx
downloads
zippedfile
notavirus.exe
coolgoats.mp3
zippedfile.zip
pictures
myvacation.png
• All directories names must end with a "/" no longer necessary
• You may use any number of spaces to indent the tree (minimum 1)
• Directories must be listed before files in the same directory
• Directories and files should be listed in lexographical alphabetical order
• The character "." lexographically comes before any alphabetical character
• You may output the contents of directories in any order you wish
Challenge
Create a program that accepts a series of commands, and outputs a tree-like representation of the current file system.
Input
The first line of input will be an integer N. Following will be N lines, each containing a command as described above.
You may feel free to omit the number N from your input if it is not necessary
Slight variations are allowed (using commas to seperate commands, input as a list etc) as long as it's reasonable
Output
The contents of the current file system in a tree-like representation, as described above.
Test Cases
Input 1: Simple example from earlier
15
mkdir documents
cd documents
touch document.docx
cd ..
mkdir downloads
cd downloads
touch coolgoats.mp3
touch zippedfile.zip
mkdir zippedfile
cd zippedfile
touch notavirus.exe
cd ../..
mkdir pictures
cd pictures
touch myvacation.png
Output 1:
/
documents
document.docx
downloads
zippedfile
notavirus.exe
coolgoats.mp3
zippedfile.zip
pictures
myvacation.png
Input 2: Incorrect commands and edge cases
12
mkdir folder1
mkdir folder1
mkdir folder2
rm folder1
rm -r folder2
cd ..
cd ../folder1
cd folder1/folder2
touch file.txt
touch file.txt
touch file2.txt
rm -r file2.txt
Output 2:
/
folder1
file.txt
Input 3: Alphabetical listing of directories and files no longer necessary
8
mkdir b
mkdir c
mkdir a
touch c.txt
touch aa.txt
touch b.txt
touch a.txt
touch ab.txt
Output 3:
/
a
b
c
a.txt
aa.txt
ab.txt
b.txt
c.txt
Input 4: Partially correct cd should not be parsed (Suggested by @Arnauld)
4
mkdir folder1
cd folder1
cd ../folder2
touch file.txt
Output 4:
/
folder1
file.txt
Input 5: Partially correct cd should not be parsed (Suggested by @Abigail)
3
mkdir foo
cd bar/../foo
touch file.txt
Output 5:
/
foo
file.txt
Standard loopholes and I/O rules apply.
This is , shortest code wins.
Edit: output requirements have been relaxed a little bit
• "in UTF-8 bytes" — languages that use no more than 256 distinct characters, but have their own character set, are to be punished? – Adám Jul 7 at 16:38
• Starting from an empty state, followed by mkdir foo, does cd bar/../foo descend into foo, or is this an illegal path and thus nothing happens? – Abigail Jul 7 at 17:36
• Explaination for mkdir: "Directory names will only contan characters a-z" – thesilican Jul 7 at 18:18
• @MrSiliconGuy Look here for our default policy on counting bytes. – Adám Jul 7 at 20:11
• @Arnauld that's unecessary, touch description - Filenames will contain "." at least once so names for dirs and files will never overlap – thesilican Jul 8 at 1:33
Bash, 133 86 bytes
(for i;{
$i [[$PWD =~ , ]]||cd ->~/e
})
tree --dirsfirst|sed '$d;s#[^0-Z.]# #g;1c /' -2 bytes thanks to @Dom Hastings (removing spaces around ||) -6 bytes thanks to @Dom Hastings (removing eval before $i and using # as a sed delimiter)
-12 bytes thanks to @ilkkachu (combining the seds).
-5 bytes thanks to @chepner (=~, $PWD and sed c command) Takes input where each argument is a command, e.g. script 'mkdir A' 'cd A' 'touch B' Must be called from an empty directory with name containing ,, such that this directory is the only directory containing , on the system. The code itself is 85 bytes, +1 byte for specifying the directory name. How it Works ( # start a subshell for i;do # for each argument$i # run that command (rm [-r], touch, and mkdir
# behave exactly as specified)
# unfortunately cd can leave the directory, so...
if [[ $PWD != *,* ]];then # if we left the directory # (i.e. the directory now no longer contains a comma) cd - > ~/e # cd to the directory from before the command # if this is successful, it outputs the new directory to stdout # so, redirect stdout to a file we can edit # piping to : didn't work without more bytes # It would be nice to not have to do this, but # redirecting the final tree output to a file included that file half the time fi done ) # end subshell, returning to the initial directory (corresponding to '/') tree --dirsfirst # tree does most of the work for us # outputs nearly the desired output, but it looks like # . # ├── A # │ └── B.txt # └── F # 2 directories, 1 file | sed '$d; # remove the last line ("2 directories, 1 file")
s#[^0-Z.]# #g; # replace all characters that are not digits, letters, or '.' with a space
1c / # replace the initial '.' with a '/'
'
• I think you should be able to remove the spaces ariund && for -2! – Dom Hastings Jul 7 at 18:51
• This is pretty clever, using built-in bash to do all the work for you – thesilican Jul 8 at 1:42
• Can you somehow use chroot here? – the default. Jul 8 at 15:30
• @mypronounismonicareinstate I was just looking at this too, but i needed to alias in the commands... Might be a mechanism there (although needs root) Also, the 3 in mp3 is stripped, so you need to add 0-9 into your sed arg: Try it online! – Dom Hastings Jul 8 at 15:43
• tree --dirsfirst|sed '/,/d;s/[^0-Z.]/ /g;s#^\.#/#' should work with at least GNU sed. Or even sed '$d;s/[^0-Z.]/ /g;s#^\.#/#' if it's just the last line you want to remove, not any lines with a ,. (d is for delete, /,/ is a regular regex condition and $ for the last line) – ilkkachu Jul 8 at 19:34
Python 2, 358 ... 280 277 bytes
thanks to randomdude999 for -3 bytes and a bugfix.
Input is a list of commands, where each command is represented by a 2-tuple as (cmd, args). Test cases can be transformed using this Retina program.
K=T={}
for c,a in input():
try:exec"T[a]=1|x=a<'.';if x or T[a]<2:del T[a[3*x:]]|T[a]=T.get(a,{'..':T})|E=T\nfor p in a.split('/'):E=E[p]\nT=E".split('|')[hash(c)%6]
except:1
def p(t,i):
for k in sorted(t,cmp,t.get,1):
if'..'<k:print i+k;t[k]>1!=p(t[k],i+' ')
p({'/':K},'')
Try it online!
Explanation
K=T={}
The file system is represented by a dictionary, where K points to the root directory, and T points to the current directory. Each sub-directory contains a reference to its parent directory under the key '..', which allows for easy execution of cd ... Files are represented by the integer 1.
for c,a in input():
try:exec"""<touch>|<rm>|<mkdir>|<cd>""".split('|')[hash(c)%4]
except:1
This loop executes the commands, the right code to execute is selected using the hash of the command (see table below). The execution is wrapped in try/except to catch exceptions that occur in invalid cd and rm calls.
┌───────┬──────────────────────┬─────────────┐
│ cmd │ hash(cmd) │ hash(cmd)%6 │
├───────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────┤
│ cd │ 12672076131114255 │ 3 │
│ mkdir │ -4476162622565762260 │ 2 │
│ rm │ 14592087666131641 │ 1 │
│ touch │ 7353934562497703448 │ 0 │
└───────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────┘
# touch
T[a]=1
Creates a new file called a in the current directory.
# rm
x=a<'.'
if x or T[a]<2:del T[a[3*x:]]
If a starts with '-r', x is set to True. If x is True or we want to delete just a file (dicts are greater than integers in Python 2), the object can be deleted.
# mkdir
T[a]=T.get(a,{'..':T})
If the current directory already has an item called a, do nothing. Otherwise create a new subdirectory in the current directory with name a with a parent reference to the current directory.
# cd
E=T
for p in a.split('/'):E=E[p]
T=E
If p is equal to '..', E['..'] points to the parent directory of E. Otherwise E[p] is the subdirectory p in E. The current directory is only updated if all steps have completed without error.
# Function that formats and prints the file system
# t - dictionary representing a part of the file system
# i - current indentation
def p(t,i):
# Iterate over the keys sorted ...
# ... on the values, where dicts (directories) ...
# ... are larger than 1 (files) ...
# ... and reverse
for k in sorted(t,cmp,t.get,1):
# if k is not 0 (a parent reference) ...
# print the name of k ...
# and, if k is a directory, call p recursively
if k:print i+k;t[k]>1!=p(t[k],i+' ')
• Fails for [('mkdir', 'foo'), ('cd', 'foo'), ('touch', 'bar'), ('cd', '..'), ('mkdir', 'foo')]: mkdir should do nothing if the directory already exists, but it always recreates it. – randomdude999 Jul 8 at 12:58
• @randomdude999 thanks for notifying me, I should've read the rules more thoroughly. This is now fixed. – ovs Jul 8 at 13:06
• Alright, now let's get golfing :) The hashes modulo 6 are exactly 3,2,1,0 for "cd","mkdir","rm","touch" respectively, so you can split touch and mkdir, saving 1 byte. You can use a single-line string for the exec and use \n or ; instead of newlines, saving 2 bytes, for a total of 277. try it online! – randomdude999 Jul 8 at 13:16
JavaScript (ES6), 268 265 254 248 bytes
Expects an array of strings. Returns a single linefeed-separated string.
a=>a.map(o=r=s=>([[c],s,e]=s.split ,c>'m'?c>r?o[s]=1:o[e||+o[s]&&s]=0:c<'m'?o=s.split/.every(s=>o=o[s]-2?0:o[s],q=o)?o:q:o[s]=o[s]||{'..':o}))&(g=(o,i)=>[0,1].map(t=>{for(k in o)(v=o[k],t?v^1:v-2|k<S)||(S+=i+k,t||g(v,i+' '))}))(r,
,S=/)||S
Try it online!
How?
Part 1: parse the commands and build the tree
The file tree is described by an object whose keys are the file names and whose values are:
• 0 for a deleted entry
• 1 for a file
• another object for a directory
Each directory (except the root) contains a default .. entry pointing to the parent directory.
a.map( // main loop
o = // o is the current object
r = // r is the root object
s => ( // for each string s in a[]:
[[c], s, e] = // split it into c = first character of the command,
s.split , // s = first argument, e = second argument
c > 'm' ? // if c is greater than 'm':
c > r ? // if c is greater than 's':
o[s] = 1 // touch: create a file whose name is s
: // else:
o[ // rm:
e || // use e if it exists (meaning that -r was used)
+o[s] && s // or use s if o[s] is a file
] = 0 // mark this entry as deleted
: // else:
c < 'm' ? // if c is less than 'm':
o = // cd:
s.split/ // split the path
.every(s => // for each string s in the path:
o = // update o:
o[s] - 2 ? // if o is a file or a deleted entry:
0 // abort
: // else:
o[s], // update o to o[s] (may be undefined)
q = o // q = backup of o
) ? // if all entries were truthy:
o // confirm the update
: // else:
q // restore o to q
: // else:
o[s] = o[s] || // mkdir: create a directory whose name is s,
{'..': o} // provided that it doesn't already exist
) //
) // end of map()
Part 2: build the output string
( g = // g is a recursive function taking:
(o, i) => // o = current object, i = indentation string
[0, 1].map(t => { // for t = 0 and t = 1:
for(k in o) // for each key k in o:
( //
v = o[k], // v = value
t ? // if we are listing files:
v ^ 1 // abort if v is not equal to 1
: // else (listing directories):
v - 2 | // abort if v is a file or a deleted entry
k < S // or the directory name is '..'
) || ( // if the above test was falsy:
S += // append to S:
i + k, // indentation + key
t || // if we are listing directories:
g(v, i + ' ') // do a recursive call
) // implicit end of for()
}) // end of map()
)(r, \n , S = /) // initial call to g
• I'm not sure if it's mandatory, but your answer is missing the leading line with / in that output, that the test cases and other two answers have. – Kevin Cruijssen Jul 8 at 6:49
• @KevinCruijssen I think it previously did not appear in all example outputs, which is why I thought it was not mandatory. Now fixed at no cost anyway. – Arnauld Jul 8 at 7:11
• (@KevinCruijssen Looking at the post history, the / has actually always been there in all examples. I guess I just misread them.) – Arnauld Jul 8 at 7:28
• mkdir foo; cd foo; touch bar.txt; cd ..; mkdir foo (with the semicolons replaced by newlines of course) fails: mkdir should do nothing if the directory already exists, but in this case, it's re-created. – randomdude999 Jul 8 at 13:03
• @randomdude999 Thank you for reporting this. Now fixed. – Arnauld Jul 8 at 13:15 | 2020-09-29 21:04:43 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.2930609881877899, "perplexity": 8507.0240248804}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": false}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402088830.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929190110-20200929220110-00378.warc.gz"} |
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/math/statistics-probability/introductory-statistics-9th-edition/chapter-4-section-4-4-intersection-of-events-and-the-multiplication-rule-exercises-page-155/4-47 | # Chapter 4 - Section 4.4 - Intersection of Events and the Multiplication Rule - Exercises - Page 155: 4.47
a. P(A) = 0.36 P(B|A) = 0.87 P(A and B ) =$P(A) \times P(B|A)$ $= 0.36 \times 0.87$ =0.3132 b. P(B) = 0.53 P(A|B) = 0.22 P(A and B ) =$P(B) \times P(A|B)$ $= 0.53 \times 0.22$ =0.1166
#### Work Step by Step
--
After you claim an answer you’ll have 24 hours to send in a draft. An editor will review the submission and either publish your submission or provide feedback. | 2019-12-15 11:13:06 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.38272905349731445, "perplexity": 1763.8177181356277}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575541307813.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20191215094447-20191215122447-00119.warc.gz"} |
https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/help-gnu-emacs/2017-04/msg00013.html | help-gnu-emacs
[Top][All Lists]
## Re: Ctrl-c { behaviour changed in tex mode]
From: hector Subject: Re: Ctrl-c { behaviour changed in tex mode] Date: Tue, 4 Apr 2017 12:35:58 +0200 User-agent: Mutt/1.5.20 (2009-06-14)
On Mon, Apr 03, 2017 at 11:07:33PM +0000, Amadeus W.M. wrote:
> In tex mode Ctrl-c { used to put a pair of {} around the cursor, making
> it ready to write in between the braces.
>
> After a recent update, Ctrl-c { still introduces a pair of {} but if
> inside that I do another Ctrl-c { then it introduces a newline too, like
> this:
>
> \sqrt{\hat{}
> }
>
> i.e. the outer most closing brace goes on to the next line. That's very
> annoying. Where do I customize Ctrl-c back to how it used to be?
I don't know because I'm using an old version. The great thing about Emacs
is that if you can't customize it using variables, you can always go to
the source.
Since my version is old I'm just guessing.
I see that it runs the command tex-insert-braces. Try that command
with M-x tex-insert-braces in case the binding has been changed.
You can see the definition with "C-hf" (describe-function) and visit
the source. | 2019-10-23 05:16:41 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9399654865264893, "perplexity": 11219.190989679608}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987829458.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20191023043257-20191023070757-00365.warc.gz"} |
https://scriptinghelpers.org/questions/80468/should-i-use-gameplayers-or-gamegetserviceplayers | New: Nitro Boost our Discord server and receive full donation perks here on the website! Join the Scripting Helpers Discord Server to learn more! You can also Support on Patreon as always.
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0
# Should I use game.Players or game:GetService("Players")?
Edited 3 months ago
I have used Roblox Lua some time, and in every script I ever write, when I want to access, let's say, Players, I do
local players = game.Players
However, I have frequently seen others use
local players = game:GetService("Players")
instead. Is this "better" or more efficient in any way? To me, it just seems a bit more complicated, and I only use :GetService() for Services like TweenService or DebrisService, which aren't found in the Explorer.
1
BashCaster 2370
3 months ago
game.Players indexes a child of game named Players. If, for some reason, you renamed the Players service, game.Players will either index a nil value or, if a different child has the name Players, it will index that child. Thus, GetService() is considered the standard go-to for referencing services. GetService(serviceName) returns the service with the name serviceName. For every service (except the Workspace and any service that can't be retrieved), GetService() is a MUST. (You can do game:GetService("Workspace"), although doing so is mostly irrelevant because of the workspace shared variable.)
0
Thanks, this helps. so, in other words, don't use 'game.Players', and use 'workspace' instead of 'game.Workspace', right? RiskoZoSlovenska 239 — 3mo
1 | 2019-09-16 04:24:56 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.32750949263572693, "perplexity": 5796.719478236693}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572484.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916035549-20190916061549-00394.warc.gz"} |
https://www.homebuiltairplanes.com/forums/threads/tig-welder-set-up.11766/ | # tig welder set up
### Help Support HomeBuiltAirplanes.com:
#### jany77
##### Well-Known Member
can anyone recomend where i can buy some affordable tig set up which will run on 110-115 v ,local college offers tig welding class so i though instead of learn to use oxyacetylene welding why not tig thank you
#### Autodidact
##### Well-Known Member
In the background of this video, on the table just in front of the blue gas bottle, is a tiny shoebox sized unit that looks sort of very light greenish/beige color. That is the welder he is using. It's an inverter stick welder from Harbor Freight with a tig torch adapted to it. There is no high frequency start or foot pedal but as you can see it is possible to do nice welds with this and it is probably the least expensive way to go.
Last edited by a moderator:
#### Monty
##### Well-Known Member
I have a nice miller square wave tig. Gas welding is more versatile. Tig can be a PITA. If you are going to do clusters, you will need an assortment of exotic gas lenses, small torches, etc. You will need to work out your process and technique. I've done both, and both have tradeoffs, overall....go gas.
YMMV
#### jany77
##### Well-Known Member
thank you guys for reply ill go probably with gas then ,my fuselage uses lot of small size tubing from 1/4 to 1/2 and 0.035 wall ,i have never welded before so i better ask before i go ahead and buy some equipment
#### base363
##### Well-Known Member
I spent allot of time trying to figure out what I would go with at home, and ended up buying a Lincoln TIG 185. I have never regretted it. In my opinion, TIG is much easier and faster than Gas. You can start, stop and control the puddle at ease. The time it takes to set-up you GAS flame and the amount of heat required on bigger clusters is just too much for me. I have a GAS rig with a MECO torch, and only use it occasionally. I’ve never used anything but a #5 cup, even with tight clusters. (no gas lens) You can stick the tungstun out a long way, and still get good gas coverage. If needed, with a little aluminum foil, you can still get good coverage even in deep spots.
#### jany77
im sure the lincoln is nice tig welder but for that amount of money i can hire prefessional welder to do the job ,my idea if i want to spend that much will be do the tack welds and then hire some profesional do the rest ,but id like to do that from start to end my self i found henrob torch with both cylinders in local craigslist for 350$it seems cheaper than new unit and as it say very little use so im thinking about buy it ,anyone here use henrob torch before #### base363 ##### Well-Known Member If you are considering the Henrob, I would also look at the Meco Midget. Very nice torch that is much smaller than the Henrob. The controls are up front, so you can adjust the flame as you weld. I have never used the Henrob, but it's size is something I have heard can be troublesome in tight spots. Here is the TM technologies web page that sells them. https://www.tinmantech.com/html/meco_midget_torch.php This is also one on e-bay right now. meco MIDGET LIKE TORCH ONLY WITH pipe and ONE TIP | eBay #### jany77 ##### Well-Known Member that eastwood tig welder is somethink i was looking for ,thank you for the link ,the video made the decision even easyier ,as i sad i never welded before and im kinda worried about using gas ,i know its probably only practise but i still think that tig is better #### Voyeurger ##### Well-Known Member Also, if you DO go with gas, BEFORE handing over any money, confirm with your local gas supplier that these are bonafide "owner" bottles. A lot of Craigslist bottles are rented/leased and you cannot get refills except from the lessor. (TIG is MUCH easier/faster/funner) Gary #### jmt1991 ##### Well-Known Member Jany, The good thing about Eastwood is that they stand behind their tools. For the money, it's a very good deal. I am probably going to pick one up after I complete my welding class in May Marty #### cklskypilot ##### Active Member Good morning just a thought I have been a welder\ fab, machanic most of my life. now I am retired. most of all of my tools were bought with one thing in mine. If I build it or repair it my self the money I save will pay for that needed tool. I do have a HF. tig wilder and it work good for a scratch start gas cooled machine. also have a bigger machine so I can weld alum. OK with that said I would start and build with gas and get a nice victor gas outfit. cost around 200.00 dollars and you will need tanks. You can rent them for around 12.00 a month if you want. All in all both the Tig and the gas outfit. will cost about the same but the gas torch outfit is more versatile and is a better choice both in your need to build the plane and as a needed shop tool. this was my sec. major tool for my shop the compressor was the first. happy building Chuck #### GrizzlyV6 ##### Well-Known Member The new Miller diversion 185 hit the market about a year and a half ago. It operates on 110/220. priced in the 1700 dollar range. I bought one after having had my chinese junk repaired twice. I should have bought a miller in the first place. It does everything I ask of it. The cart was the first project with my new toy. Note the diamond plate for the eye catching appeal. Jim #### dreamcatcher43 ##### Member Well, I have both. Gas has its place as does TIG. I generally do far more welding with the TIG and just heat stuff up with the torch. The cost of the tool should not be considered as a part of the cost of the project. Tools always translate to other projects and have intrinsic value. #### GrizzlyV6 ##### Well-Known Member Mr. dreamcatcher43 is right. I learned the hard way to buy the best tools I can afford the first time around. They will last a good many years to come. I too have both sets. Did all the welding on the fuse, gear legs and tail pieces with tig and stress relieved with the OA set. I can OA weld if the material is thick enough, but on the thin wall tubing after the first hole I put the torch down and slowly backed away. That was just practice. smile #### planecrazzzy ##### Well-Known Member Now you need a MIG welder too... It's easier to Tack with... OK... My TIG with EVERYTHING came to$4700.00
Notice I'm not using the Foot Pedal... I can switch to a momentary switch...
It also has Pulse and Sequencer...
Water cooler Miller Syncrowave 250 ( Industrial )
But Always wanted a GOOD TIG
.
Gotta Fly...
.
.
#### Attachments
• 112 KB Views: 981
• 60 KB Views: 967
• 61.2 KB Views: 747
#### GrizzlyV6
##### Well-Known Member
Now you need a MIG welder too... It's easier to Tack with...
OK... My TIG with EVERYTHING came to \$4700.00
Notice I'm not using the Foot Pedal... I can switch to a momentary switch...
It also has Pulse and Sequencer...
Water cooler Miller Syncrowave 250 ( Industrial )
But Always wanted a GOOD TIG
.
Gotta Fly...
.
.
I hate telling another guy that his is bigger, but that'a a nice tig machine. Other than the amperage mine is all preset. The diversion 180 is'nt the most basic miller but it doesn't have alot of bells and whistles either. I do have a hobart handler 140 mig welder. It runs on 110/220 also. It sure makes fitting tubing by yourself a manageable task.
I still want that channel bender.
Jim
D
#### davidster
##### Guest
WESS is a 100% South Australian, family owned and operated business that strives to provide welding supplies and solutions to the SA welding community. We are South Australia’s largest independent dedicated supplier of welding equipment.
#### Alan Waters
##### Well-Known Member
There is no control like TIG control.
#### revkev6
##### Well-Known Member
tig welding takes ALOT and I mean ALOT of practice. it takes good equipment, classes and consumables. if the only project you have to weld or ever thought of welding is this one, I would try to get it welded by a pro. the learning curve can be steep.
2 | 2020-04-03 08:01:36 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.32089850306510925, "perplexity": 5074.458686055914}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370510352.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403061648-20200403091648-00209.warc.gz"} |
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/surface-area-of-smooth-parametric-surface.377383/ | # Surface area of smooth parametric surface
1. Feb 11, 2010
### zzheng
Sorry I am new to the forum, I don't know how to type in the integrals and stuff.
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Let S be the portion of the surface y = x2 where 0 <= z <= X <= 2. Compute the surface area of S.
2. Relevant equations
r(u,v) = x(u,v)i + y(u,v)j + z(u,v)k
A(S) = integral ru X rv dA
3. The attempt at a solution
My first attempt I did: x = ucosv, y = u2cos2v, and z = ucosv where 0<= u <= 2 and 0 <= v <= 2pi
when I was doing ru X rv, got a lot of sines and cosines but everything canceled out at the end and became 0.
Then I just decided to use x = x, and y = x2 where x is from 0 to 2.
but then ry turns out to be 0.
I am not sure how I would do this, most of the problems I have done are z as a function of x and y, but this case z is given but I don't know what to do with it.
2. Feb 11, 2010
### LCKurtz
Unless you are describing a surface of revolution, which you haven't described, I don't see why you would involve trig functions in the parameterization. The surface y = x2 is a cylindrical parabola standing vertically on the xy plane. If I understand your description correctly, you are talking about that portion of the cylindrical surface in the first octant under the plane z = x.
If I'm correct, the natural paramaterization would be to use x and z:
$$\vec R(x,z) = \langle x,x^2,z\rangle$$
and your domain is a triangle in the xz plane. Try that. | 2017-10-24 12:08:24 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6731154918670654, "perplexity": 357.1084732101901}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187828411.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20171024105736-20171024125736-00115.warc.gz"} |
https://cran.fhcrc.org/web/packages/bignum/vignettes/precision.html | # Control the displayed precision
The biginteger() and bigfloat() vectors are capable of storing numeric data at very high precision. Showing the full precision can quickly become overwhelming, so bignum provides tools to control the precision displayed in the console.
These tools were strongly inspired by how the excellent pillar package formats base R numeric vectors – in particular vignette("digits", package = "pillar") and vignette("numbers", package = "pillar"). Indeed, this vignette follows the structure of those vignettes. Standing on the shoulders of giants…
library(bignum)
library(pillar)
## Standalone vectors
### Default formatting
Similar to pillar, the default formatting of bignum vectors is determined by two options.
• The "bignum.sigfig" option controls the number of significant figures (digits) displayed. The default value is 7.
• The "bignum.max_dec_width" option controls how wide the decimal notation can become before switching to scientific notation. The default value is 13.
To demonstrate the default formatting, here are the first 7 significant figures of pi:
bigpi
#> <bigfloat[1]>
#> [1] 3.141593
We can increase the displayed precision via the "bignum.sigfig" option:
options(bignum.sigfig = 10)
bigpi
#> <bigfloat[1]>
#> [1] 3.141592654
Formatting using significant figures controls the total number of digits displayed (before and after the decimal point), but it will always show every digit before the decimal point.
options(bignum.sigfig = 3)
bigfloat(1.2345 * 10^(-1:4))
#> <bigfloat[6]>
#> [1] 0.123 1.23 12.3 123. 1235. 12345
An important exception is that terminal zeros are only shown if there are non-zero digits beyond the displayed significant figures.
options(bignum.sigfig = 7)
bigfloat(1 + c(0, 1e-3, 1e-7))
#> <bigfloat[3]>
#> [1] 1 1.001 1.000000
The "bignum.max_dec_width" option controls how wide the output can be (including the decimal point) before it switches to scientific notation. It makes the decision based on the widest value in the vector.
bigfloat(1234567890123)
#> <bigfloat[1]>
#> [1] 1234567890123
bigfloat(1234567890123.4)
#> <bigfloat[1]>
#> [1] 1.234568e+12
bigfloat(12345678901234)
#> <bigfloat[1]>
#> [1] 1.234568e+13
### Custom formatting
Sometimes you want more specific formatting, or to apply formatting to a single vector without changing global options. This is achieved using the format() function (see help("bignum-format")).
The default formatting demonstrated above chooses between decimal and scientific notation, depending on how wide the output is and the "bignum.max_dec_width" option. The format() function provides a notation argument to override this decision.
x <- bigfloat(1.2345 * 10^(-1:4))
format(x, notation = "dec")
#> [1] "0.12345" "1.2345" "12.345" "123.45" "1234.5" "12345"
format(x, notation = "sci")
#> [1] "1.2345e-01" "1.2345e+00" "1.2345e+01" "1.2345e+02" "1.2345e+03"
#> [6] "1.2345e+04"
The default formatting also decides the total number of digits to show based on the "bignum.sigfig" option. The format() function supports overriding this value using the sigfig argument.
format(x, sigfig = 3)
#> [1] "0.123" "1.23" "12.3" "123." "1235." "12345"
But format() also supports specifying how many digits to display after the decimal point, using the digits argument. If the value is positive, we show exactly that many digits. If the value is negative, we show at most that many digits (i.e. terminal zeros can be hidden).
format(x, digits = 2)
#> [1] "0.12" "1.23" "12.35" "123.45" "1234.50" "12345.00"
format(x, digits = -2)
#> [1] "0.12" "1.23" "12.35" "123.45" "1234.5" "12345"
## Tibble columns
The tibble package allows bignum vectors to be stored in a data frame. When a tibble is printed, the vector values are displayed vertically as a column. Consequently, the default formatting is adjusted to make the data easier to read vertically.
When stored as a tibble column, the bignum vector formatting consults two options. Note: These options are different from those used for formatting standalone vectors, because they reside within the pillar package (see help("pillar-package")).
• The "pillar.sigfig" option controls the number of significant figures (digits) displayed. The default value is 3.
• The "pillar.max_dec_width" option controls how wide the decimal notation can become before switching to scientific notation. The default value is 13.
We use the pillar() function to demonstrate tibble columns without the overhead of the tibble package.
pillar(x)
#> <pillar>
#> <bigflt>
#> 0.123
#> 1.23
#> 12.3
#> 123.
#> 1235.
#> 12345
We can increase the displayed precision via the "pillar.sigfig" option:
options(pillar.sigfig = 4)
pillar(x)
#> <pillar>
#> <bigflt>
#> 0.1235
#> 1.235
#> 12.35
#> 123.4
#> 1235.
#> 12345
Since the formatted data is aligned on the decimal point, the "pillar.max_dec_width" option works differently from "bignum.max_dec_width". One row might have many digits on the left of the point, and another row might have many digits on the right of the point (see example above). The total width calculation accounts for both extremes.
options(pillar.max_dec_width = 9)
pillar(x)
#> <pillar>
#> <bigflt>
#> 1.235e-1
#> 1.235e+0
#> 1.235e+1
#> 1.234e+2
#> 1.234e+3
#> 1.234e+4 | 2022-10-07 02:09:28 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6556517481803894, "perplexity": 7397.883651607153}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337906.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007014029-20221007044029-00028.warc.gz"} |
https://apple.github.io/turicreate/docs/api/generated/turicreate.evaluation.auc.html | # turicreate.evaluation.auc¶
turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions, average='macro', index_map=None)
Compute the area under the ROC curve for the given targets and predictions.
Parameters: targets : SArray An SArray containing the observed values. For binary classification, the alpha-numerically first category is considered the reference category. predictions : SArray Prediction probability that corresponds to each target value. This must be of same length as targets. average : string, [None, ‘macro’ (default)] Metric averaging strategies for multiclass classification. Averaging strategies can be one of the following: None: No averaging is performed and a single metric is returned for each class. ‘macro’: Calculate metrics for each label, and find their unweighted mean. This does not take label imbalance into account. index_map : dict[int], [None (default)] For binary classification, a dictionary mapping the two target labels to either 0 (negative) or 1 (positive). For multi-class classification, a dictionary mapping potential target labels to the associated index into the vectors in predictions. out : float (for binary classification) or dict[float] Score for the positive class (for binary classification) or an average score for each class for multi-class classification. If average=None, then a dictionary is returned where the key is the class label and the value is the score for the corresponding class label.
Examples
>>> targets = turicreate.SArray([0, 1, 1, 0])
>>> predictions = turicreate.SArray([0.1, 0.35, 0.7, 0.99])
# Calculate the auc-score
>>> auc = turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions)
0.5
This metric also works when the targets are strings (Here “cat” is chosen as the reference class).
>>> targets = turicreate.SArray(["cat", "dog", "dog", "cat"])
>>> predictions = turicreate.SArray([0.1, 0.35, 0.7, 0.99])
# Calculate the auc-score
>>> auc = turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions)
0.5
For the multi-class setting, the auc-score can be averaged.
# Targets and Predictions
>>> targets = turicreate.SArray([ 1, 0, 2, 1])
>>> predictions = turicreate.SArray([[.1, .8, 0.1],
... [.9, .1, 0.0],
... [.8, .1, 0.1],
... [.3, .6, 0.1]])
# Macro average of the scores for each class.
>>> turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions, average = 'macro')
0.8888888888888888
# Scores for each class.
>>> turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions, average = None)
{0: 1.0, 1: 1.0, 2: 0.6666666666666666}
This metric also works for “string” targets in the multi-class setting
# Targets and Predictions
>>> targets = turicreate.SArray([ "dog", "cat", "foosa", "dog"])
>>> predictions = turicreate.SArray([[.1, .8, 0.1],
[.9, .1, 0.0],
[.8, .1, 0.1],
[.3, .6, 0.1]])
# Macro average.
>>> auc = turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions)
0.8888888888888888
# Score for each class.
>>> auc = turicreate.evaluation.auc(targets, predictions, average=None)
{'cat': 1.0, 'dog': 1.0, 'foosa': 0.6666666666666666} | 2020-03-31 01:38:09 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.6195977330207825, "perplexity": 11448.464916616927}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370499280.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331003537-20200331033537-00018.warc.gz"} |
http://clay6.com/qa/49980/the-length-of-string-of-a-simple-pendulum-as-measured-by-a-meter-scale-was- | # The length of string of a simple pendulum as measured by a meter scale was found to be $98.2 \;cm$ The diameter of the bob was measured by a vernier caliper and it was found to be $3.62\;cm$ The time for 10 oscillations was found to be $21.2\; s$ Suggest method to improve the accuracy of the result.
Percentage error introduced by limited accuracy of measurement of l is only $0.1\%$ while due to measurement of time is $0.94\%$ .
As $\delta t$ is fixed equal to least count of stop watch , to improve the situation , t must be increased .
In another words time for more number of oscillation must be recorded. | 2017-10-23 08:13:30 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7228134274482727, "perplexity": 286.43419863351716}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825812.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20171023073607-20171023093607-00190.warc.gz"} |
https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/26127?show=full | dc.contributor.author Forrester, PJ dc.contributor.author Witte, NS dc.date.available 2014-05-21T19:20:14Z dc.date.issued 2004-06-01 dc.identifier http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000222415400002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=d4d813f4571fa7d6246bdc0dfeca3a1c dc.identifier.citation Forrester, P. J. & Witte, N. S. (2004). Application of the tau-function theory of Painleve equations to random matrices: P-VI, the JUE, CyUE, cJUE and scaled limits. NAGOYA MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL, 174, pp.29-114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0027763000008801. dc.identifier.issn 0027-7630 dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/11343/26127 dc.description C1 - Journal Articles Refereed dc.description.abstract AbstractOkamoto has obtained a sequence of τ-functions for the PVI system expressed as a double Wronskian determinant based on a solution of the Gauss hypergeometric equation. Starting with integral solutions of the Gauss hypergeometric equation, we show that the determinant can be re-expressed as multidimensional integrals, and these in turn can be identified with averages over the eigenvalue probability density function for the Jacobi unitary ensemble (JUE), and the Cauchy unitary ensemble (CyUE) (the latter being equivalent to the circular Jacobi unitary ensemble (cJUE)). Hence these averages, which depend on four continuous parameters and the discrete parameter N, can be characterised as the solution of the second order second degree equation satisfied by the Hamiltonian in the PVI theory. We show that the Hamiltonian also satisfies an equation related to the discrete PV equation, thus providing an alternative characterisation in terms of a difference equation. In the case of the cJUE, the spectrum singularity scaled limit is considered, and the evaluation of a certain four parameter average is given in terms of the general PV transcendent in σ form. Applications are given to the evaluation of the spacing distribution for the circular unitary ensemble (CUE) and its scaled counterpart, giving formulas more succinct than those known previously; to expressions for the hard edge gap probability in the scaled Laguerre orthogonal ensemble (LOE) (parameter a a non-negative integer) and Laguerre symplectic ensemble (LSE) (parameter a an even non-negative integer) as finite dimensional combinatorial integrals over the symplectic and orthogonal groups respectively; to the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function for the last passage time in certain models of directed percolation; to the τ-function evaluation of the largest eigenvalue in the finite LOE and LSE with parameter a = 0; and to the characterisation of the diagonal-diagonal spin-spin correlation in the two-dimensional Ising model. dc.format application/pdf dc.language English dc.publisher CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS dc.subject Differential dc.subject Difference and Integral Equations; Dynamical Systems; Probability Theory ; Mathematical Sciences; Physical Sciences dc.title Application of the tau-function theory of Painleve equations to random matrices: P-VI, the JUE, CyUE, cJUE and scaled limits dc.type Journal Article dc.identifier.doi 10.1017/S0027763000008801 melbourne.peerreview Peer Reviewed melbourne.affiliation The University of Melbourne melbourne.affiliation.department Mathematics And Statistics melbourne.source.title NAGOYA MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL melbourne.source.volume 174 melbourne.source.pages 29-114 dc.research.coderfcd 230107 dc.research.coderfcd 230113 dc.research.coderfcd 230201 dc.research.codeseo1998 780101 dc.research.codeseo1998 780102 melbourne.publicationid 33297 melbourne.elementsid 267074 melbourne.contributor.author Forrester, Peter melbourne.contributor.author WITTE, NICHOLAS dc.identifier.eissn 2152-6842 melbourne.accessrights This item is currently not available from this repository
## Files in this item
FilesSizeFormatView
There are no files associated with this item. | 2021-01-25 12:00:41 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8874083757400513, "perplexity": 2991.6974996794384}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703565541.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20210125092143-20210125122143-00186.warc.gz"} |
http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/23059-quadratic-equations-exam-tommorow.html | # Math Help - Quadratic Equations, Exam Tommorow.
1. ## Quadratic Equations, Exam Tommorow.
I have a few problems that I'm trying to understand. If anyone can assist me that would be greatly appreciated.
Solve by using square root property:
1) 3(x-4)^2 = 15
2) (3x-4)^2 = 8
Solve by completing the square:
3) 2x^2 - 7x + 3= 0
Solve using the Quadratic Formula:
4) 3x^2 - 3x - 4= 0
Thank you.
2. Originally Posted by FactoringAnguish
I have a few problems that I'm trying to understand. If anyone can assist me that would be greatly appreciated.
Solve by using square root property:
1) 3(x-4)^2 = 15
2) (3x-4)^2 = 8
i'll do 1, do number 2..
$3(x-4)^2 = 15 \implies (x-4)^2 = 5 \implies \sqrt {(x-4)^2} = \sqrt 5$
$\implies |x-4| = \sqrt 5 \implies x - 4 = \pm \sqrt 5 \implies x = 4 \pm \sqrt 5$
Originally Posted by FactoringAnguish
Solve by completing the square:
3) 2x^2 - 7x + 3= 0
$2x^2 - 7x + 3 = 0 \implies x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x + \frac{3}{2} = 0$
$\implies x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x = - \frac{3}{2}$ adding $\frac{49}{16}$ sides, we have $x^2 - \frac{7}{2}x + \frac{49}{16} = \frac{49}{16} - \frac{3}{2}$
$\implies \left( {x-\frac{7}{4}} \right) ^2 = \frac{25}{16} \implies \left( {x-\frac{7}{4}} \right) = \pm \frac{5}{4}$
from here, continue.. just like in number 1.
Originally Posted by FactoringAnguish
Solve using the Quadratic Formula:
4) 3x^2 - 3x - 4= 0
Thank you.
if we have a quadratic poly of the form $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, then $x= \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$
so, a= 3, b= -3, c = -4.. do the substitution.. Ü
3. Thanks, makes perfect sense now that I see it worked out
4. ## Methods for solving quadratics
Originally Posted by FactoringAnguish
I have a few problems that I'm trying to understand. If anyone can assist me that would be greatly appreciated.
Solve by using square root property:
1) 3(x-4)^2 = 15
2) (3x-4)^2 = 8
Solve by completing the square:
3) 2x^2 - 7x + 3= 0
Solve using the Quadratic Formula:
4) 3x^2 - 3x - 4= 0
Thank you.
You can get step by step help on solving any quadratic equation you want by factoring, completing the square, extracting square roots, and the quadratic formula at:
Free Online Quadratic Equation Solver: Solve by Factoring (or Factoring by Grouping) | 2015-05-25 02:50:15 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 9, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.5748841762542725, "perplexity": 1890.8804023244925}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.3, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928114.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00014-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-solve-m-2-2m-24-0 | # How do you solve m^2+ 2m - 24 = 0?
Apr 17, 2016
The solutions are:
$m = 4$
$m = - 6$
#### Explanation:
${m}^{2} + 2 m - 24 = 0$
The equation is of the form color(blue)(am^2+bm+c=0 where:
$a = 1 , b = 2 , c = - 24$
The Discriminant is given by:
$\Delta = {b}^{2} - 4 \cdot a \cdot c$
$= {\left(2\right)}^{2} - \left(4 \cdot 1 \cdot \left(- 24\right)\right)$
$= 4 + 96 = 100$
The solutions are found using the formula:
$m = \frac{- b \pm \sqrt{\Delta}}{2 \cdot a}$
$m = \frac{\left(- 2\right) \pm \sqrt{100}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{\left(- 2 \pm 10\right)}{2}$
$m = \frac{- 2 + 10}{2} = \frac{8}{2} = 4$
$m = \frac{- 2 - 10}{2} = - \frac{12}{2} = - 6$ | 2021-01-19 02:44:41 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 12, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8382761478424072, "perplexity": 6134.702086736191}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 5, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703517559.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119011203-20210119041203-00398.warc.gz"} |
https://docs.aptech.com/gauss/tsmt/breitung.html | breitung¶
Purpose¶
Panel series unit root testing. The z-statistic constructed from the mean t-statistic has an asymptotic standardized normal distribution and tests the null hypothesis that all series are I(1) against the alternative that all series are I(0)
Format¶
bstat = breitung(y, trend, constant, demean, lags)
Parameters
• y (TxM matrix) – data, M > 5.
• trend (scalar) – 0 = no trend, 1 = trend.
• constant (scalar) – if nonzero constant included in model.
• demean (scalar) – 0 to specify no demeaning or 1 to subtract cross-sectional means.
• lags (scalar) – number of lags.
Returns
bstat (matrix) – test statistic
Example¶
new;
library tsmt;
fname = getGAUSSHome() \$+ "pkgs/tsmt/examples/index.dat";
//Assign y
y0 = y00[., 2:9];
//Percent Change in Y
y = 100*ln(y0[2:rows(y0), .]./y0[1:rows(y0)-1, .]);
//Indicator to run test with trend variable
trend = 1;
//Indicator to run test with constant
const = 1;
//Turn off data demeaning
demean = 0;
//Set number of lags to 3
lags = 3;
//Compute test statistics
tstat = breitung(y, trend, const, demean, lags);
print "The Breitung test statistic = ";; tstat;
Remarks¶
The Breitung panel series unit root test utilizes the sample mean of the t-statistics across all individual series within a panel of time series variables. However, the procedure pre-adjusts data to address biased estimation.
It is assumed that the autoregressive parameter is constant across all panels. This allows the use of the standard t-statistic but requires that the panels be strongly balanced.
The procedure performs an individual ADF test on each series n then forms the sample mean of the t-statistic. The z-statistic constructed from the mean t-statistic has an asymptotic standardized normal distribution and tests the null hypothesis that all series are I(1) against the alternative that all series are I(0).
tsmt
breitung.src | 2022-07-02 12:08:41 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.7440222501754761, "perplexity": 7050.808201193682}, "config": {"markdown_headings": false, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104054564.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702101738-20220702131738-00618.warc.gz"} |
http://tex.stackexchange.com/tags/loops/hot?filter=week | # Tag Info
6
You get ! Missing = inserted for \ifnum. because \repeat has \ifnum#1>\z@ so #1 has to expand to a number, but it is \repeat{2}{1} which includes many non expandable constructs such as \@repeat, \relax and \advance. Also although unrelated to the error in this fragment, it is a very bad idea to redefine \repeat as it is part of the basic \loop ...
4
You can use coordinate inside a path to name the exact coordinates. You were naming the node below the desired coordinates. Code \documentclass[tikz]{standalone} \usetikzlibrary{calc} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture} \coordinate (h) at (0, 3); \coordinate (O) at (0, 0); \draw (O) -- +(-3, 0); \draw[-latex] (O) -- +(3, 0) node[right, font = ...
3
David has already explained why the nested \repeat command can't work and also why it's a bad idea to use the name \repeat. Here's a different definition, based on expl3: I'd say it's way easier, judge for yourself. \documentclass{article} \usepackage{expl3} \ExplSyntaxOn \cs_set_eq:NN \xrepeat \prg_replicate:nn \ExplSyntaxOff \begin{document} ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible | 2014-04-21 01:47:15 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9798599481582642, "perplexity": 4213.144023012423}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 20, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609539337.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005219-00042-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
http://forum.ppcgeeks.com/pocket-pc-themes/44689-how-customize-touchflo3d-manila-themes.html | PPCGeeks HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
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11-13-2008, 03:34 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
Over the past week, I've seen dozens of posts asking for help on how to modify the Diamond and Touch Pro themes. Unfortunately, I've also noticed that there is very little coherent, thorough documentation on the topic. Lots of little one liners here and vague hints but no real tutorials. That changes right NOW. I want this post to become a great guide for editing and customizing the themes.
If you're like me, you look at the Sprint theme and say something like, "The Sprint theme looks pretty decent except for that god-forsaken yellow. It's like a snow field that somebody at Sprint decided to pee on! Why would they do that?!"
Well, it's taken me a week to get it how I like it, but I did it. I hope to God I never have to do it again! Editing Manila themes is by far the WORST experience I've ever had with Windows Mobile tweaking. It's time consuming and challenging.
But while I never want to go through the process again, I do want to share some information I learned from the experience and encourage others to add their own information here-- as long as it's thorough! Be precise when contributing, including step-by-step.
OK, so let's get started... at the bottom you will find two installers-- sprint_manila_blue will tweak the default Sprint skin and will leave the Sprint Music and Sprint TV tabs as they are out of the box. The "revised" tweak will remove the Sprint Music Store link, rename the Sprint Music tab to "Music", and remove the Sprint TV tab.
Other changes-- ALL YELLOW has been replaced with a deep shade of BLUE (it's not exact, but it's pretty close to the PPCGeeks dark blue background, and surprisingly that wasn't intentional, lol). Also, the unread mail/sms notifications are RED... I was going to be consistent and use the blue, but they really didn't show up very well.
For those interested, the blue has a hex value of #283048. The grays used are #333333, black is #000000, and white is #FFFFFF. The light grays used for the email account, landscape, and program highlights are #C1C1C1.
Here are some screenshots:
Here's how to install this:
1. Copy the file of your choice to your phone.
2. DISABLE TOUCHFLO3D and switch to another Today skin (temporarily). Do this by going to Start > Settings > Today ... select a skin that isn't "Sprint" and then click Items and uncheck TouchFLO3D. IF YOU DONT DO THIS, BAD THINGS MAY OR MAY NOT HAPPEN, SO JUST DO IT!
3. Install the file by tapping on it in File Explorer.
4. Soft reset even if it doesn't ask you to do so!
5. Re-select the Sprint skin and re-enable TouchFLO3D (reversing step 2).
Troubleshooting:
If you have trouble with this or if some of the graphics don't look right or if you actually find some yellow that I've somehow missed, let me know so I can look into it.
THIS CAN ONLY BE INSTALLED ON THE STOCK SPRINT THEME. DO NOT INSTALL THIS IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER ROM OR SKIN! DO NOT INSTALL THIS IF YOU HAVE MADE EXTENSIVE CHANGES ON YOUR OWN TO THE SPRINT THEME!
Attached Files
sprint_manila_blue.cab (145.6 KB, 749 views) Click for barcode! sprint_manila_blue_revised.cab (153.2 KB, 1152 views) Click for barcode!
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Last edited by GoodThings2Life; 11-29-2008 at 03:20 PM.
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11-13-2008, 03:35 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Threadstarter Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
OK, here's where some explanation is going to begin...
First of all, I want to link to a few XDA threads for some information and ready-made themes:
Manila Editor -- You'll need this to extract and replace many of the Manila graphics.
Diamond TouchFLO3D Config -- This is an easy way to disable some of the tabs you don't use OR to enable some of the ready-made themes.
Ready Made Themes for TF3D Config -- Pretty obvious what this is.
Now, with those important tools out of the way, let's begin...
Customizing Tab Order and Tab Names
If you edit the file called 090661f7_manila, you'll be able to edit all the "Display Names" for the tabs. For example, if you want to call it "Music" instead of "Sprint Music", this is the file to do it. You'll also need to edit this file if you want to ADD tab names as well. So if you want to add the Calendar or Communications tabs, you'll need to add their names here too. (More on that later).
Here's an example of the file:
Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xliff version="1.0" lang="en-us">
<file datatype="plaintext" original="icons">
<body>
........
<trans-unit id="IDS_MUSICTITLE">
<source>Music</source>
</trans-unit>
........
</body>
</file>
</xliff>
As you can see, I changed the IDS_MUSICTITLE value from Sprint Music to just plain Music. But you need all three lines to add new ones, so if I want to a Calendar tab it might look something like this:
Code:
<trans-unit id="IDS_CALENDARTITLE">
<source>Calendar</source>
</trans-unit>
Again, I'll post more information on that process later.
How to Disable or Re-Order Tabs:
For this part, you'll want to turn your attention to two files... one of which might not exist until you create it... 26948339_manila and
26948339_manila_disabledtabs. Let's start with the one you have to create (it's also created automatically with TF3D Config tool)...
Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<DisabledTabs>
<Page Order="10" Name="tv.page" PackageName="HTC" Title="[[IDS_SPRINTTV]]" ExternalScriptPath="HTC\Scripts\sprinttv.luac">
<ComponentReference Name="page" Mode9Path="HTC\sprintfavorites.mode9" Component="GizmoRoot" SmartComponent="true" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_normal" Mode9Path="HTC\sprinticons.mode9" Component="SprintTV_Off" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_selected" Mode9Path="HTC\sprinticons.mode9" Component="SprintTV_On" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_preview" Mode9Path="HTC\sprinticons.mode9" Component="SprintTV_Preview" />
</Page>
</DisabledTabs>
In this case, I've disabled the SprintTV tab, so I moved the entire "Page" section of code for SprintTV to this file. I removed it from the other file (more on that in a moment).
The other file is a lot longer, but it's pretty easy to follow once you understand the layout of the PAGE code shown above.
Oh and by the way, this is where you can change the order of buttons in Landscape mode as well as the content on the Music page and various dialogs and menus. I think it's fair to say that this is definitely one of the "CORE" Manila files. While I encourage having a backup of ALL the original files in case of a mistake, if you don't make one of this file in particular, you're just begging for trouble.
Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<Manila Mode9Path="HTC\manila.mode9">
.....
<PageGroup Name="Root">
<!-- 'page' extension == Manila pages -->
<Page Order="0" Name="home.page" PackageName="HTC" Default="true" Title="[[IDS_HOMETITLE]]">
<ComponentReference Name="page" Mode9Path="HTC\FakeHome.mode9?testParam=1" Component="GizmoRoot" SmartComponent="true" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_normal" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Home_Off" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_selected" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Home_On" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_preview" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Home_Preview" />
</Page>
<Page Order="1" Name="people.page" PackageName="HTC" Title="[[IDS_FAVORITEPEOPLETITLE]]">
<ComponentReference Name="page" Mode9Path="HTC\people.mode9" Component="GizmoRoot" SmartComponent="true" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_normal" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="People_Off" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_selected" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="People_On" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_preview" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="People_Preview" />
</Page>
.....
Like I said, there's a lot here, but here's a brief breakdown. The first section is the definition of global graphics like the sliders and icons and such that are used consistently throughout the whole interface. More on that MUCH later.
Moving down to the Navigation section, you'll see the Page sections. These define the individual tabs that appear. In the example above, I pasted the code sections for the Home and Favorite People tabs.
Notice the [[IDS_HOMETITLE]] and [[IDS_FAVORITEPEOPLETITLE]] ... this is where the variables from the first file come into play. Although you can set them statically here, I do NOT recommend it.
Now as far as reordering the tabs is concerned, in each Page section you'll see the parameter labeled Order="#" where # is the actual order it appears on the navigation menu beginning with Home at 0. But what if I want my Programs tab to be 0 and Home to be 9? Simple-- change the order for both pages, save, and soft-reset... Presto! Now you'll see the Programs tab by default.
Add a Call History Tab
Adding the Call History tab is the easiest of the custom tabs to add to your interface. You just add one section of code to your 26948339_manila file using the guidelines above and the attached 1d1ee632_manila file to your \Windows directory on the phone. Here's the code to add...
Code:
<Page Order="10" Name="callhistory.page" PackageName="HTC" Title="[[IDS_CALLLOGTITLE]]">
<ComponentReference Name="page" Mode9Path="HTC\CallLog.mode9" Component="GizmoRoot" SmartComponent="true" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_normal" Mode9Path="HTC\Icons.mode9" Component="People_CallHistory_Off" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_selected" Mode9Path="HTC\Icons.mode9" Component="People_CallHistory_On" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_preview" Mode9Path="HTC\Icons.mode9" Component="People_CallHistory_Preview" />
</Page>
Just be sure you change the Order="10" to use a number that's not already in use which may involve scrolling through the file to check.
Changing the Internet Globe Icon or Remove the YouTube Link
For some reason, Manila Editor has a really hard time replacing this graphic. In fact, if you even try, you'll end up with a "white out" effect where the icon belongs. The actual manila files in question are:
Globe: 7d3f1247_manila
Globe Selected: 3f00cd2f_manila
However, until Manila Editor works for this graphic, you might think you're out of luck. Not really... instead of those two files, create your own graphics based on 512x256 dimensions with 96dpi and save them as Globe.png and Globe_Selected.png. Then, edit 27c65cbd_manila instead. Change the code for the entire file to look like this:
Code:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<InternetPortal>
<IncludeUserFavorites>True</IncludeUserFavorites>
<Banner
DefaultImagePath="\Windows\Globe.png"
SelectedImagePath="\Windows\Globe_Selected.png"
Width="480"
Height="215" />
</InternetPortal>
Notice the \Windows\Globe.png and \Windows\Globe_Selected.png? That's where your new files need to go along with this updated file.
The only other graphic that has this problem (for now) is the primary background graphic, which is 4a087e41_manila. I'll post more details on that later.
Oh, speaking of 27c65cbd_manila... if you remove the code between the OperatorLinks section, you'll also get rid of the YouTube Link on the Internet tab.
Replace the Email/SMS Notification Icon
If you want to change the color of the Email/SMS Notification icon, you need to use Manila Editor to replace file 36eabe92_manila. To do this, copy the manila file to your computer, use Manila Editor to open it, and click Save As... save it as a PNG on your computer, recolor it, and the use Manila Editor to Replace it. Then copy the new 36eabe92_manila file to your phone.
There's plenty more to come...
Attached Files
call_history_extension.zip (431 Bytes, 455 views) Click for barcode!
Last edited by GoodThings2Life; 11-14-2008 at 05:23 PM.
This post has been thanked 35 times.
11-13-2008, 03:36 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Threadstarter Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
These are advanced hacks that may or may not work and/or may or may not require additional tweaking on your own:
Add a Comm Manager Tab
Adding the Comm Manager tab is pretty easy, however, there are some limitations to doing so. Specifically, the text is always BLACK at first (which doesn't work well on the stock background). There is a hack to change the font color, however, it also changes the Settings > Sounds font color as well. This means that changing it to really bright colors (like white) doesn't work either. I'll link to the font color hack and let you choose whether to implement this one on your own. Here's the code you need:
Add the following code to the file: 090661f7_manila
Code:
<trans-unit id="IDS_COMMUNICATIONS">
<source>Comm Manager</source>
</trans-unit>
Add the following code to the file: 26948339_manila
Code:
<Page Order="9" Name="communications.page" PackageName="HTC" Title="[[IDS_COMMUNICATIONS]]">
<ComponentReference Name="page" Mode9Path="HTC\settings.mode9" Component="CommunicationsPageComponent" SmartComponent="true" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_normal" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Settings_Communication_Off" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_selected" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Settings_Communication_On" />
<ComponentReference Name="icon_preview" Mode9Path="HTC\icons.mode9" Component="Settings_Communication_Preview" />
</Page>
Just be sure you change the Order="9" to use a number that's not already in use which may involve scrolling through the file to check.
Add a Calendar Tab
OK, this one seems a little pointless since it literally only adds a calendar that doesn't do anything. For now, I'm going to link to the plugin for those who want to try this out. If and when this plugin or another plugin is available that offers signficant functionality, I'll update this section.
Use Flip Clock Instead of Digital Clock
In order to install the Flip Clock you will need either the White Flip Clock or Glass Flip Clock packages below. Once you save the file, extract the files in the package and copy them into the \Windows folder on the phone. Oh and by the way, if you like the Glass Clock, I do recommend using a mid-to-light color background so the numbers show up (or just replace the number graphics yourself using Manila Editor).
Of course, you can always change your mind and revert back to the Sprint Clock at any time by using the SprintClock.zip package.
White Clock:
Glass Clock:
Enable Background on All Tabs + Flip Clock
In order to enable backgrounds on all tabs, you must be using the Flip Clock. No one seems to have gotten it working with the Sprint clock yet. That said, all the existing packages floating around also require you to install things in sequences and all sorts of nonsense. My package does not... just unzip all the files into the \Windows directory on the phone, and soft-reset (or disable TouchFLO3D from Start > Settings > Today > Items).
Again, the packages are available in White or Glass in the attachments below. Also, you can revert back to the default setup at any time using the SprintClock.zip package.
Attached Files
FlipClock_White.zip (54.8 KB, 673 views) Click for barcode! FlipClock_Glass.zip (51.1 KB, 909 views) Click for barcode! Backgrounds+FlipClock (White).zip (60.8 KB, 575 views) Click for barcode! Backgrounds+FlipClock (Glass).zip (57.0 KB, 1119 views) Click for barcode! SprintClock.zip (45.3 KB, 580 views) Click for barcode!
Last edited by GoodThings2Life; 11-15-2008 at 11:37 AM.
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11-13-2008, 03:36 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Threadstarter Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
This post will briefly document how to use the Manila Editor (and possibly other tools in the future).
Manila Editor is the tool available for directly editing the Manila graphics files. This allows you to start designing your own themes or tweak graphics. While there's not much too it, it can be pretty time consuming and tedious to edit the graphics, so here's an explanation of how to make it as effective as possible.
Before we begin, make sure you have ALL of the following on your PC:
1. Manila Editor available from sushilange on XDA.
2. Graphic Editing program (you can use whatever you want, but I'm partial to using Paint.NET)
3. All of the ########_manila files from the Phone. I've attached the default Sprint Theme to use as a template (see attachments below).
Now that you have those, let's begin...
If you haven't already, extract the "Original Files.zip" file to a folder where it's convenient for you. Immediately make a copy of the entire folder called "New Files" (ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS make changes to the New Files copy and save the Original Files as a backup in case you completely screw up an image!)
First, open Manila Editor (NOTE: If you're running Vista, right click and Run As Administrator). You'll see pretty much an empty looking program with only a few options. Let's click the most obvious one-- Select Path...
Now, back on the Select Path dialog, choose the location of the New Files...
This will take some time to process, but when it's done you'll see a very large list of files on the left side, and a preview of the image on the right side...
Now, notice how it shows the Manila filename as well as the "interpreted" QTC filename. The next thing you want to do is Save the graphic you want to change to your computer (preferably somewhere different from the manila files like "New Graphics" for example). To do this, find the file you want to save, and click the Save as button. This will prompt you for the location and filename you want to save. In the example below, I made it easy on myself and called it ########_familiar_name.png (always save as PNG for the best results)...
Once you do that, it returns to the main Manila Editor screen. For now, you'll want to save all the files you want to modify. If you plan on making your own theme, you might be inclined to use the Export option. Otherwise, go ahead and save just files you want, and then you'll want to use Paint.NET or whatever tool to edit those graphics as you see fit... go ahead, I'll wait...
Ready? Good... now let's replace the original graphics. Click the Replace button for the graphic you want to replace. It will prompt you for the graphic file (which you can browse to), a header location (99% of the time, just accept the default, I have found no files requiring a different header... yet), and whether you want to make a backup of the original file. I always make backups...
Once you do that for all the graphics you plan to change, you have to options. You can either bundle the whole file package into a Zip file, or you can bundle just the files you've changed into a Zip file. I recommend testing your work first, so for now, let's just bundle the Changed files, and then you can put those files on your phone's \Windows directory...
Click Zip, Only changed images, and give your file a name/location...
Now, once you have the zip file created, I would extract that file to a whole separate folder from what you've been working with. Now, take those files, connect your phone, open My Computer > Mobile Device > My Windows Mobile-based Device, and drop those files into the Windows folder (I usually Copy/Paste to make it easier).
It will ask if you want to replace the existing files. As long as you have a backup of the originals, click YES TO ALL.
To view the changes, you should either Disable/Reenable TouchFLO3D from Start > Settings > Today > Items tab... or you should soft-reset your phone. If something goes horribly wrong, restore the files from the backup you made.
That's pretty much it, but as you can tell by the screenshots... there are a LOT of files (just look how tiny that scollbar is!!) so that's why I say this isn't an easy or quick process.
Also, if you want to customize my theme from the first post, you are welcome to do so. I have also posted the files I've modified in the attachments below.
Attached Files
Original Files.zip (2.06 MB, 756 views) Click for barcode! Remove Sprint Yellow.zip (164.7 KB, 261 views) Click for barcode!
Last edited by GoodThings2Life; 11-14-2008 at 01:20 PM.
This post has been thanked 38 times.
11-13-2008, 04:45 PM
VIP Member Offline Pocket PC: PRO2/EVO4GCarrier: SprinT Join Date: Sep 2007 Posts: 1,474 Reputation: 2100 Mentioned: 0 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
thanks, i've been wanting to get rid of that yellow ever since i first booted my phone... i like the red notifications you have, but are you planning to make a version of "sprint manila blue revised" with blue notifications? i think i saw a post on here that told how to do it, but it'd be nice to have an all in one like your originals.
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This post has been thanked 2 times.
11-13-2008, 04:57 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Threadstarter Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
As I said in my initial post, I am NEVER making changes to my version again, lol. However, by the time I'm done documenting, you'll be able to make any change you want.
This post has been thanked 6 times.
11-13-2008, 05:04 PM
DaGreatOne Offline Pocket PC: HTC EVO (white)!Carrier: Sprint Location: Balitmore, MD Join Date: Sep 2007 Posts: 1,983 Reputation: 765 Mentioned: 0 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
Great start. I see why you said its a "bear" to change. I must be really weird. I like the yellow icons.
FYI: Pretty cool that it caught the PM I sent you.
[IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/richmosp/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/richmosp/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-3.jpg[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/richmosp/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-4.jpg[/IMG]
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Last edited by shaun0207; 11-13-2008 at 05:10 PM.
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11-13-2008, 05:10 PM
Bringer of Good Things Offline Pocket PC: HTC TITANCarrier: AT&T Threadstarter Location: Youngstown, OH Join Date: Oct 2007 Posts: 2,121 Reputation: 10602 Mentioned: 23 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
You're not weird, just different tastes. I just happen to think that yellows and greens are the ugliest colors in the spectrum.
Then again, I am generally not a flashy "look at me" kinda guy. I like darker, mellower shades that are subtle, professional, but still mix in enough color to be easy on the eyes.
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11-13-2008, 05:14 PM
DaGreatOne Offline Pocket PC: HTC EVO (white)!Carrier: Sprint Location: Balitmore, MD Join Date: Sep 2007 Posts: 1,983 Reputation: 765 Mentioned: 0 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
Quote:
Originally Posted by GoodThings2Life You're not weird, just different tastes. I just happen to think that yellows and greens are the ugliest colors in the spectrum. Then again, I am generally not a flashy "look at me" kinda guy. I like darker, mellower shades that are subtle, professional, but still mix in enough color to be easy on the eyes.
LOL. That's bad, dude. Hey did u check that PM?
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11-13-2008, 05:35 PM
PPCGeeks Regular Offline Pocket PC: HTC Touch ProCarrier: Sprint Join Date: Jun 2008 Posts: 116 Reputation: 95 Mentioned: 0 Post(s) Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Re: HOW TO: Customize TouchFLO3D / Manila Themes
How do I get 36eabe92_manila on my computer... my computer dosen't show the Windows folder when active sync'd, and TC won't let me copy the file elsewhere...
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http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/newsreader/view_thread/328564 | MATLAB and Simulink resources for Arduino, LEGO, and Raspberry Pi
# Thread Subject: Putting text containing variables into plot
Subject: Putting text containing variables into plot
From: Kian
### Kian
Date: 24 Apr, 2013 18:32:09
Message: 1 of 4
How can I put a text into my plot which passes computed values in there?
For instance, I have computed my parameters to be:
pars =
0.0005 42.1963
Now I want to put a text in an appropriate position in my plot (where it does not block the figure content), and pass pars(1) and pars(2) in there.
My formula is omega(d) = exp(-pars(1)*d^pars(2))
So, I want to have Matlab to put that for me in the plot as:
omega(d) = exp(-0.0005*d^pars(2))
I have already tried to put it in the title by:
title([ '\omega(d)=exp (' , num2str(pars(1),'%4.5f') , ' d^' , (num2str(pars(2))), ')' ])
But still, the problem is pars(2) is not completely powered, and only its first digit (4) is powered.
I am really interested to put it rather as a text somewhere in my plot.
I appreciate any help.
Subject: Putting text containing variables into plot
From: Nasser M. Abbasi
### Nasser M. Abbasi
Date: 24 Apr, 2013 18:49:50
Message: 2 of 4
On 4/24/2013 1:32 PM, Kian wrote:
> How can I put a text into my plot which passes computed values in there?
> For instance, I have computed my parameters to be:
>
> pars =
> 0.0005 42.1963
>
> Now I want to put a text in an appropriate position in my plot (where it does not block the figure content), and pass pars(1) and pars(2) in there.
>
> My formula is omega(d) = exp(-pars(1)*d^pars(2))
>
> So, I want to have Matlab to put that for me in the plot as:
>
> omega(d) = exp(-0.0005*d^pars(2))
>
> I have already tried to put it in the title by:
> title([ '\omega(d)=exp (' , num2str(pars(1),'%4.5f') , ' d^' , (num2str(pars(2))), ')' ])
>
> But still, the problem is pars(2) is not completely powered, and only its first digit (4) is powered.
>
> I am really interested to put it rather as a text somewhere in my plot.
>
> I appreciate any help.
>
Use Latex to setup the string? ie use 'Interpreter', 'Latex'
Examples
Subject: Putting text containing variables into plot
From: Kian
### Kian
Date: 24 Apr, 2013 19:37:08
Message: 3 of 4
"Nasser M. Abbasi" wrote in message <kl99gc$42l$1@speranza.aioe.org>...
> On 4/24/2013 1:32 PM, Kian wrote:
> > How can I put a text into my plot which passes computed values in there?
> > For instance, I have computed my parameters to be:
> >
> > pars =
> > 0.0005 42.1963
> >
> > Now I want to put a text in an appropriate position in my plot (where it does not block the figure content), and pass pars(1) and pars(2) in there.
> >
> > My formula is omega(d) = exp(-pars(1)*d^pars(2))
> >
> > So, I want to have Matlab to put that for me in the plot as:
> >
> > omega(d) = exp(-0.0005*d^pars(2))
> >
> > I have already tried to put it in the title by:
> > title([ '\omega(d)=exp (' , num2str(pars(1),'%4.5f') , ' d^' , (num2str(pars(2))), ')' ])
> >
> > But still, the problem is pars(2) is not completely powered, and only its first digit (4) is powered.
> >
> > I am really interested to put it rather as a text somewhere in my plot.
> >
> > I appreciate any help.
> >
>
>
> Use Latex to setup the string? ie use 'Interpreter', 'Latex'
>
> Examples
>
>
> It worked out! Thank you!
Subject: Putting text containing variables into plot From: Steven_Lord Date: 24 Apr, 2013 21:10:42 Message: 4 of 4 "Kian " wrote in message news:kl98f9$qkq$1@newscl01ah.mathworks.com... > How can I put a text into my plot which passes computed values in there? > For instance, I have computed my parameters to be: > > pars = > 0.0005 42.1963 > > Now I want to put a text in an appropriate position in my plot (where it > does not block the figure content), and pass pars(1) and pars(2) in there. > > My formula is omega(d) = exp(-pars(1)*d^pars(2)) > > So, I want to have Matlab to put that for me in the plot as: > > omega(d) = exp(-0.0005*d^pars(2)) > > I have already tried to put it in the title by: > title([ '\omega(d)=exp (' , num2str(pars(1),'%4.5f') , ' d^' , > (num2str(pars(2))), ')' ]) > > But still, the problem is pars(2) is not completely powered, and only its > first digit (4) is powered. Yes. You will need to group the string representation of the number in curly braces in order for TeX to treat it all as the text that should be included in the superscript. Compare: title('x^{17} and y^17') -- Steve Lord slord@mathworks.com To contact Technical Support use the Contact Us link on http://www.mathworks.com | 2015-01-28 16:25:17 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.8948160409927368, "perplexity": 4753.2893649827365}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00032-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
http://clay6.com/qa/31275/the-correct-order-of-first-ionization-potential-is- | Browse Questions
# The correct order of first ionization potential is :
$(a)\;F > He > Mg > N > O \\(b)\;He > E > N > O > Mg \\ (c)\;He > O > f > Mg \\ (d)\;N > F > He> O > Mg$
The correct order of first ionization potential is $He > E > N > O > Mg$
Hence b is the correct answer. | 2016-12-11 08:10:14 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.9126361012458801, "perplexity": 1325.3260010416025}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698544358.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170904-00404-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz"} |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1128204/how-to-convert-from-floating-point-binary-to-decimal-in-half-precision16-bits | # How to convert from floating point binary to decimal in half precision(16 bits)?
I'm trying to convert a 16 bit precision binary number to decimal format however I am completely failing to do so.
The binary I'm trying to convert is $0101011101010000$ My current method is:
Separation: $0|10101|1101010000$
Sign = 0
Mantissa = $1.1101010000$
Exponent = $21 - (2^4 - 1) = 6$
Mantissa Denormalised = $1110101.0000$
This gives an answer of 117. Is this actually correct or am I making a mistake in my method?
• It seems to be correct ! – Xoff Jan 31 '15 at 22:00
• Why do you say "I am completely failing to do so"? – TonyK Jan 31 '15 at 22:16
• Ah, I was using this binary example to check whether my method was correct as it was not working for a different number. All that happened was that I failed in moving the decimal point correctly... – echoeida Jan 31 '15 at 22:27
You are right.
You can do that automatically with python and numpy :
import numpy as np
import struct
a=struct.pack("H",int("0101011101010000",2))
np.frombuffer(a, dtype =np.float16)[0]
and you get : 117.0
Your formula produces the correct result 117.0 in this case but it may fail for subnormal numbers, for NaNs, for +/- infinity.
>>> float_from_unsigned16(int("0101011101010000", 2))
117.0
where float_from_unsigned16(n) (in Python):
def float_from_unsigned16(n):
assert 0 <= n < 2**16
sign = n >> 15
exp = (n >> 10) & 0b011111
fraction = n & (2**10 - 1)
if exp == 0:
if fraction == 0:
return -0.0 if sign else 0.0
else:
return (-1)**sign * fraction / 2**10 * 2**(-14) # subnormal
elif exp == 0b11111:
if fraction == 0:
return float('-inf') if sign else float('inf')
else:
return float('nan')
return (-1)**sign * (1 + fraction / 2**10) * 2**(exp - 15)
See binary16.py | 2021-04-23 03:24:33 | {"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0, "math_score": 0.39025041460990906, "perplexity": 1735.7555890597412}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": false, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "warc_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039626288.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210423011010-20210423041010-00396.warc.gz"} |