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= Cicely Mary Barker =
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Cicely Mary Barker ( 28 June 1895 β 16 February 1973 ) was an English illustrator best known for a series of fantasy illustrations depicting fairies and flowers . Barker 's art education began in girlhood with correspondence courses and instruction at the Croydon School of Art . Her earliest professional work included greeting cards and juvenile magazine illustrations , and her first book , Flower Fairies of the Spring , was published in 1923 . Similar books were published in the following decades .
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Barker was a devout Anglican , and donated her artworks to Christian fundraisers and missionary organizations . She produced a few Christian @-@ themed books such as The Children β s Book of Hymns and , in collaboration with her sister Dorothy , He Leadeth Me . She designed a stained glass window for St. Edmund 's Church , Pitlake , and her painting of the Christ Child , The Darling of the World Has Come , was purchased by Queen Mary .
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Barker was equally proficient in watercolour , pen and ink , oils , and pastels . Kate Greenaway and the Pre @-@ Raphaelites were the principal influences on her work . She claimed to paint instinctively and rejected artistic theories . Barker died in 1973 . Though she published Flower Fairy books with spring , summer , and autumn themes , it wasn 't until 1985 that a winter collection was assembled from her remaining work and published posthumously .
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= = Biography = =
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= = = Early life = = =
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Barker was born the second daughter and youngest child of Walter Barker , a partner in a seed supply company and an amateur artist , and his wife Mary Eleanor ( Oswald ) Barker on 28 June 1895 at home at 66 Waddon Road in Croydon , Surrey , England . Barker was an epileptic as a child , and cared for at home by her parents . Later , her sister and elder by two years , Dorothy Oswald Barker , continued the care .
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The family of four was moderately well off , and belonged to the lower end of the upper middle class . A nanny , a governess , and a cook to prepare special meals for Barker were hired . She spent much time in bed at home amusing herself with painting books and a nursery library that included the works of Kate Greenaway and Randolph Caldecott β two artists who exerted strong influences on her later art .
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= = = Art education and first professional work = = =
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Barker took correspondence courses in art , probably until about 1919 . In 1908 at 13 years , she entered an evening class at the Croydon School of Art , and attended the school into the 1940s . In time , she received a teaching position .
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In 1911 , Raphael Tuck & Sons bought four of Barker 's " little drawings " for half a sovereign , and published them as postcards . In October 1911 , she won second prize in the Croydon Art Society 's poster competition , and shortly afterward was elected the youngest member of the Society . The art critic for the Croydon Advertiser remarked , " Her drawings show a remarkable freedom of spirit . She has distinct promise . "
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Following her father β s death in June 1912 , the seventeen @-@ year @-@ old Barker submitted art and poetry to My Magazine , Child β s Own , Leading Strings , and Raphael Tuck annuals in an effort to support both her mother and sister . Her sister Dorothy taught kindergarten in two private schools before opening a kindergarten at home . She brought in some money for the family 's support while supervising the household .
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= = = Flower Fairies of the Spring , 1923 = = =
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Fairies became a popular theme in art and literature in the early 20th century following the releases of The Coming of the Fairies by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie , and the fairy @-@ themed work of Australian Ida <unk> Outhwaite . Queen Mary made such themes even more popular by sending Outhwaite postcards to friends during the 1920s . In 1918 , Barker produced a postcard series depicting elves and fairies .
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In 1923 , Barker sent her flower fairy paintings to various publishers . Blackie paid Β£ 25 for 24 paintings with accompanying verses , but it wasn 't until publication of Flower Fairies of the Summer in 1925 that Barker received royalties for her work . Mary Violet Clayton Calthrop , wife of author Dion Clayton Calthrop , wrote in April 1925 about Barker and Flower Fairies of the Spring : " She has such exquisite taste , besides draughtsmanship . "
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= = = The Waldrons = = =
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In 1924 , the family moved into a four @-@ level , semi @-@ detached Victorian house at 23 The Waldrons . Barker had a studio built in the garden and her sister conducted a kindergarten in a room at the back of the house . The family lived frugally and attended both St. Edmund 's and St. Andrew 's in Croydon β " low " churches for the less privileged . Barker sometimes incorporated portraits of her fellow parishioners in her religious works . She was described by Canon Ingram Hill as " one of the pillars " of St. Andrew 's .
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The children in the kindergarten modelled for the Flower Fairies until the kindergarten closed in 1940 . In an interview in 1958 , Barker said , " My sister ran a kindergarten and I used to borrow her students for models . For many years I had an atmosphere of children about me β I never forgot it . " She also painted the children of relatives as well as Gladys Tidy , the Barkers ' young housekeeper , who posed for the Primrose Fairy in 1923 . The plants were painted from life , and if a specimen was not readily at hand , Kew Gardens staff would provide her the specimens needed . Barker designed and built the Flower Fairy costumes , and based each on the flowers and leaves of the particular plant to be illustrated . The costumes were kept in a trunk in her studio along with wings made of twigs and gauze . Each was broken down after an illustration was completed and the parts recycled for other costumes . She often referred to Dion Clayton Calthrop 's English Costume .
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= = = Middle years = = =
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In the late 1920s , Barker began to doubt she was doing enough for the church and considered focusing solely on sacred works . Family and friends recommended she continue secular and sacred works , which she did .
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Barker continued to attend evening classes at the Croydon Art School between the 1920s and the 1940s , eventually receiving a teaching position . She took sketching trips to Amberley and Storrington in Sussex and to Cornwall and the southern coast with family and friends . She visited and stayed with artist Margaret Tarrant in Gomshall , Surrey and with family in <unk> , Near Whitby , North Yorkshire .
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In 1940 , the Barker 's live @-@ in maid retired , and Dorothy Barker closed her school at the back of the house in The Waldrons . She continued to supervise the household , and to give both her mother and sister the care they needed . Dorothy and her sister collaborated upon only two books : Our Darling 's First Book and the Christian @-@ themed , He Leadeth Me . In 1954 Dorothy Barker died of a heart attack . Barker was unable to pursue her art to any significant extent following her sister 's death , as all the care of her aged mother devolved upon her , but she did manage to begin planning a stained glass window design in her sister 's memory for St. Edmund 's , Pitlake .
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= = = Later life and death = = =
| [
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Barker 's mother died in 1960 , and , in 1961 , Barker moved from 23 The Waldrons to 6 <unk> Avenue in Croydon . She restored a maisonette in Storrington , Sussex , England , bequeathed by her friend Edith Major , and named it St. Andrew 's . After taking up residence , her health began to deteriorate . She was in and out of nursing and convalescent homes , and tended by relatives and friends .
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Barker died at Worthing Hospital on 16 February 1973 , aged 77 years . Two funeral services were held β one in Storrington Church and one in Barker 's maisonette . Her ashes were scattered in Storrington churchyard . In 1989 , Frederick Warne , a division of Penguin Books since 1983 , acquired the Flower Fairies properties .
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= = Art = =
| [
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] |
Barker worked principally in watercolor with pen @-@ and @-@ ink , but she was equally competent in black @-@ and @-@ white , in oils , and in pastels . She carried a sketchbook with her for capturing interesting children . She once indicated , " I have always tried to paint instinctively in a way that comes naturally to me , without any real thought or attention to artistic theories . "
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Kate Greenaway was a childhood favorite and an influence on her art . Barker 's child subjects wear nostalgic clothing as Greenaway 's children do , though Barker 's children are less melancholy and less flat in appearance , due perhaps to advances in printing technology . Barker studied flowers with an analytical eye and was friend to children 's illustrator , Margaret Tarrant . Along with Greenaway , illustrator Alice B. Woodward also influenced Barker 's work .
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The Pre @-@ Raphaelites were a strong , lifelong influence on Barker . She once indicated , " I am to some extent influenced by them β not in any technical sense , but in the choice of subject matter and the feeling and atmosphere they could achieve . " She admitted a fondness for the early paintings of John Everett Millais and " the wonderful things " of Edward Burne @-@ Jones .
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= = = Depictions of children = = =
| [
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] |
Barker 's sketches , drawings , and paintings of children were given to friends or to the parents of the subjects , donated to charitable institutions and church sponsored events , or exhibited through various art organizations . She illustrated magazine covers , dust jackets , and produced series of postcards for Raphael Tuck and other publishers such as Picturesque Children of the Allies ( 1915 ) , Seaside Holidays ( 1918 ) , and Shakespeare 's Boy and Girl Characters ( 1917 , 1920 ) . Her own Old Rhymes for All Times ( 1928 ) and The Lord of the Rushie River ( 1938 ) , a tale about a girl who lives among swans on a riverbank , were critically well received . Set about 1800 , Groundsel and Necklaces ( 1943 ) tells of a girl named Jenny who rescues her family from poverty through the agency of the fairies . The story features an old Scrooge @-@ like man called Mr. <unk> and tonally suggests a Dickensian social consciousness . Simon the Swan , intended as a sequel to Rushie River was outlined in 1943 with Groundsel , but only developed in 1953 . It was published posthumously in 1988 and is critically considered less successful than Groundsel .
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] |
= = = Christian @-@ themed works = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
4302,
2488,
12,
31,
31892,
2499,
796,
796,
796,
220,
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] |
Barker was a devout Christian , and produced religious @-@ themed works throughout her life . She published eight postcards and five guardian angel birthday cards for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1916 and in 1923 respectively . Christmas cards were designed for The Girls ' Friendly Society over a 20 @-@ year period , and the first three designs sold out a combined printing of 46 @,@ 500 in 1923 . An original design for the society called The Darling of the World Has Come was purchased by Queen Mary for β€ 5 @.@ 5 @.@ 0 in 1926 . The Croydon Art Society hung Barker 's booklet cover design for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in its November 1919 exhibition .
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] |
Religious @-@ themed books include The Children 's Book of Hymns ( 1929 ) and He Leadeth Me ( 1933 ) , the latter written in collaboration with her sister . Major religious works include the triptychs in oil , The Feeding of the Five Thousand ( 1929 ) , for the chapel in Llandaff House , a home for destitute women at Penarth , Wales , and The Parable of the Great Supper ( 1934 ) for St. George 's Chapel , Waddon . The Feeding has since disappeared , and only a black @-@ and @-@ white photograph dated 1929 reproduces the work . In 1941 , she completed oil panels on the subject of the seven sacraments for the baptismal font at St. Andrew 's , South Croydon . She designed baptismal rolls for the wall behind the font in 1948 and 1962 . In 1946 , she completed the 4 x 7 ft. oil painting , Out of Great Tribulation , for the Memorial Chapel of Norbury Methodist Church . Following the death of her sister in 1954 , Barker began designs for a stained glass memorial window depicting Christ preparing to wash the feet of his disciples . Her last religious @-@ themed work , it was installed in St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , in 1962 .
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] |
= = Works = =
| [
796,
796,
10933,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
= = = Cards = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
15824,
796,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
Picturesque Children of the Allies ; J. Salmon , 1916
| [
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286,
262,
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13,
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] |
National Mission ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1916
| [
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Shakespeare 's Boy Characters ; C. W. Faulkner , 1917
| [
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] |
Shakespeare 's Girl Characters ; C. W. Faulkner , 1920
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Seaside Holiday ; J. Salmon , 1918 , 1921
| [
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Elves and Fairies ; S. Harvey , 1918
| [
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13,
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] |
Guardian Angel ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1923
| [
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] |
Christmas cards ; Girls ' Friendly Society , 1920s , 1930s
| [
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] |
Christmas cards ( US ) ; Barton @-@ Colton , 1920s , 1930s
| [
6786,
4116,
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2488,
12,
31,
1623,
1122,
837,
14062,
82,
837,
15533,
82,
220,
198
] |
Beautiful Bible Pictures ; Blackie , 1932
| [
23762,
9111,
20051,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
32471,
220,
198
] |
= = = Books = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
13661,
796,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Spring ; Blackie , 1923
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
8225,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
37272,
220,
198
] |
Spring Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1923
| [
8225,
31772,
351,
7849,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
37272,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Summer ; Blackie , 1925
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
10216,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
36864,
220,
198
] |
Child Thoughts in Picture and Verse ( by M. K. Westcott ) ; Blackie , 1925
| [
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287,
17741,
290,
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357,
416,
337,
13,
509,
13,
2688,
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1267,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
36864,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Autumn ; Blackie , 1926
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
33424,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
38525,
220,
198
] |
Summer Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1926
| [
10216,
31772,
351,
7849,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
38525,
220,
198
] |
The Book of the Flower Fairies ; Blackie , 1927
| [
383,
4897,
286,
262,
20025,
7011,
444,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
36565,
220,
198
] |
Autumn Songs with Music ; Blackie , 1927
| [
33424,
31772,
351,
7849,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
36565,
220,
198
] |
Old Rhymes for All Times ; Blackie , 1928
| [
5706,
10323,
22009,
329,
1439,
3782,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
35768,
220,
198
] |
The Children β s Book of Hymns ; Blackie , 1929 ; rep . 1933
| [
383,
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564,
247,
264,
4897,
286,
367,
4948,
5907,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
31883,
2162,
1128,
764,
26539,
220,
198
] |
Our Darling β s First Book ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1929
| [
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564,
247,
264,
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357,
3194,
287,
12438,
351,
40349,
36933,
1267,
2162,
2619,
494,
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31883,
220,
198
] |
The Little Picture Hymn Book ; Blackie , 1933
| [
383,
7703,
17741,
367,
4948,
77,
4897,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
26539,
220,
198
] |
Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1933
| [
10323,
22009,
968,
290,
5706,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
26539,
220,
198
] |
A Flower Fairy Alphabet ; Blackie , 1934
| [
317,
20025,
17746,
45695,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
29300,
220,
198
] |
A Little Book of Old Rhymes ; Blackie , 1936
| [
317,
7703,
4897,
286,
5706,
10323,
22009,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
27653,
220,
198
] |
He Leadeth Me ( written in collaboration with Dorothy Barker ) ; Blackie , 1936
| [
679,
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287,
12438,
351,
40349,
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1267,
2162,
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494,
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27653,
220,
198
] |
A Little Book of Rhymes New and Old ; Blackie , 1937
| [
317,
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286,
10323,
22009,
968,
290,
5706,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
28684,
220,
198
] |
The Lord of the Rushie River ; Blackie , 1938
| [
383,
4453,
286,
262,
13063,
494,
5866,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
28017,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Trees ; Blackie , 1940
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
34925,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
16236,
220,
198
] |
When Spring Came In at the Window ; Blackie , 1942
| [
1649,
8225,
32653,
554,
379,
262,
26580,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
22458,
220,
198
] |
A Child β s Garden of Verses ( Robert Louis Stevenson ) ; Blackie , 1944
| [
317,
5932,
564,
247,
264,
11652,
286,
18535,
274,
357,
5199,
5593,
38681,
1267,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
16994,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Garden ; Blackie , 1944
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
11652,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
16994,
220,
198
] |
Groundsel and Necklaces ; Blackie , 1946 ; reprinted as Fairy Necklaces
| [
13706,
741,
290,
34726,
75,
2114,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
22717,
2162,
44362,
355,
17746,
34726,
75,
2114,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Wayside ; Blackie , 1948
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
26658,
485,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
21794,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Flowers and Trees ; Blackie , 1950
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
30036,
290,
34925,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
11445,
220,
198
] |
Lively Stories ; Macmillan , 1954
| [
406,
2280,
18152,
2162,
4100,
17805,
272,
837,
24718,
220,
198
] |
The Flower Fairy Picture Book ; Blackie , 1955
| [
383,
20025,
17746,
17741,
4897,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
25325,
220,
198
] |
Lively Numbers ; Macmillan , 1957
| [
406,
2280,
27797,
2162,
4100,
17805,
272,
837,
25177,
220,
198
] |
Lively Words ; Macmillan , 1961 .
| [
406,
2280,
23087,
2162,
4100,
17805,
272,
837,
20510,
764,
220,
198
] |
The Sand , the Sea and the Sun ; Gibson , 1970
| [
383,
3837,
837,
262,
6896,
290,
262,
3825,
2162,
20400,
837,
8069,
220,
198
] |
= = = = Posthumously published = = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
796,
2947,
17047,
3481,
3199,
796,
796,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Winter ; Blackie , 1985
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
10633,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
12863,
220,
198
] |
Simon the Swan ; Blackie , 1988
| [
11288,
262,
21491,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
12122,
220,
198
] |
Flower Fairies of the Seasons ; <unk> / Blackie , 1988
| [
20025,
7011,
444,
286,
262,
33159,
2162,
1279,
2954,
29,
1220,
2619,
494,
837,
12122,
220,
198
] |
A Little Book of Prayers and Hymns ; Frederick Warne , 1994
| [
317,
7703,
4897,
286,
1736,
6962,
290,
367,
4948,
5907,
2162,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
9162,
220,
198
] |
A Flower Fairies Treasury ; Frederick Warne , 1997
| [
317,
20025,
7011,
444,
13419,
2162,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
8309,
220,
198
] |
<unk> ; Frederick Warne , 2005
| [
1279,
2954,
29,
2162,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
5075,
220,
198
] |
Wild Cherry Makes A Wish ; ( collaboration with Pippa Le Quesne ) Frederick Warne , 2006
| [
6183,
23165,
27433,
317,
23447,
2162,
357,
12438,
351,
350,
3974,
64,
1004,
1195,
947,
710,
1267,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
4793,
220,
198
] |
How to find Flower Fairies ; Frederick Warne , 2007
| [
1374,
284,
1064,
20025,
7011,
444,
2162,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
4343,
220,
198
] |
Return to <unk> ; Frederick Warne , 2008
| [
8229,
284,
1279,
2954,
29,
2162,
26113,
1810,
710,
837,
3648,
220,
198
] |
= = = Book covers = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
4897,
8698,
796,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
A New Epiphany ; Society for the Preservation of Christian Knowledge , 1919
| [
317,
968,
4551,
49915,
2162,
7023,
329,
262,
47805,
286,
4302,
20414,
837,
30992,
220,
198
] |
43 Annuals ; Blackie , 1920s , 1930s
| [
5946,
16328,
82,
2162,
2619,
494,
837,
14062,
82,
837,
15533,
82,
220,
198
] |
= = = Religious works = = =
| [
796,
796,
796,
23945,
2499,
796,
796,
796,
220,
198
] |
St. Cecily 's Garden ; 1920
| [
520,
13,
23367,
813,
705,
82,
11652,
2162,
14062,
220,
198
] |
Cradle roll design ; St. Edmund 's , Pitlake , 1922
| [
3864,
35166,
4836,
1486,
2162,
520,
13,
35646,
705,
82,
837,
16889,
27180,
837,
36094,
220,
198
] |
Banner design ; St. Mary 's , <unk> , 1923
| [
27414,
1486,
2162,
520,
13,
5335,
705,
82,
837,
1279,
2954,
29,
837,
37272,
220,
198
] |
The Feeding of the Five Thousand ; reredos triptych , chapel at Penarth , Wales ; 1929
| [
383,
18272,
278,
286,
262,
10579,
39255,
2162,
302,
445,
418,
1333,
5835,
354,
837,
43398,
379,
7507,
11999,
837,
11769,
2162,
31883,
220,
198
] |
The Parable of the Great Supper ; triptych , St. George 's chapel , Waddon
| [
383,
2547,
540,
286,
262,
3878,
1778,
2848,
2162,
1333,
5835,
354,
837,
520,
13,
4502,
705,
82,
43398,
837,
370,
48078,
220,
198
] |
The Seven Sacraments ; baptismal font panels , St. Andrew 's , Croydon
| [
383,
13723,
9295,
859,
658,
2162,
33422,
282,
10369,
13043,
837,
520,
13,
6858,
705,
82,
837,
327,
3287,
9099,
220,
198
] |
St. John the Baptist ; central banner panel , <unk> church , 1943
| [
520,
13,
1757,
262,
21724,
2162,
4318,
17625,
6103,
837,
1279,
2954,
29,
4928,
837,
21577,
220,
198
] |
Lettering , sword , and shield ; mount for a list of men and woman serving in the Forces , St. Andrews , Croydon , 1943
| [
18121,
278,
837,
8429,
837,
290,
7614,
2162,
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329,
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12700,
837,
520,
13,
26414,
837,
327,
3287,
9099,
837,
21577,
220,
198
] |
<unk> rolls ; St. Andrews , Croydon , 1948 , 1962
| [
1279,
2954,
29,
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2162,
520,
13,
26414,
837,
327,
3287,
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20033,
220,
198
] |