text
stringlengths 1
3.5k
| thematic
stringclasses 1
value | sub-thematic
stringclasses 1
value | country
stringclasses 11
values | document_url
stringlengths 63
63
| source_url
stringlengths 39
301
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
~ ~ ~ ~ (2) Any instrument having effect in the former Colony 01' the Leeward Islands immediately before the appointed - C ~ ~ ' , f 2 CAP.
152) Enactment (Leeward Islands Acts) LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA day a n d m a d e by virtue of a n y Act referred to in subsection (1) shall have effect in Antigua a n d Barbuda as if it h a d been made i n pursuance of that Act as it has effect in Antigua a n d Barbuda by virtue of the said subsection.
Date of operation of section 3.
4. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
Date of operation of section 3.
4.
Section 3 shall be deemed to have h a d effect a s from the beginning of the appointed day.
SCHEDULE PART I Short Title Cap. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
2 The Apportionment Act 3 The Arbitration Act 8 The Fatal Accidents Act 9 The Insolvent Estates Act 11 The Libel and Slander Act 12 The Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 14 The Prescription Act 18 The Real Property Limitation Act 19 The Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act 32 The Female Lunatics (Protection) Act 44 The Probation of Offenders Act 45 The Railway Offences Act 55 The Governments Chemists Certificate Act 62 The Merchant Seamen's Discipline Act 70 The Uniforms Act 71 The British Ministers and Consuls Act 73 The Oaths Act 95 The Real Estate Charges Act 96 The Real Property Act 101 The Vendor and Purchaser Act 120 The Promissory Oaths Act 130 The Pensions Act 138 The Bills of Lading Act 142 The Factors Act 143 The Merchant Shipping (Agreements) Act 146 The Partnership Act 158 The Seventh Day Adventist Church Incorporation Act LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Enactment (Leeward Islands Acts) (CAP. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
152 3 Part I1 No. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
& Year Short Title 111928 The Lepers Act, 1928 611928 The Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1928 711928 The Real Representative Act, 1928 911928 The New Edition of the Statutes Act, 1928 411929 The Pensions Consolidation Act, 19 14, (Amendment) Act, 1929 611929 The Lepers Act, 1912, (Amendment) Act, 1928, (Amendment) Act, 1929 The Patents Act, (Amendment) Act, 1930 The United Kingdom Designs (Protection) Act, 1930 The Jury Act, (Amendment) Act, 1930 The Infant Life (Preservation) Act, 1930 The Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1931 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1931 The Magistrate's Code of Procedure Act, ((Amend- ment)) Act, 1931 The Arbitration (Foreign Awards) Act, 1931 The Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) (Amendment) Act, 1931 The Lunatics Act (Amendment) Act, 1931 411932 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1932 1211932 The Obeah (Amendment) Act, 1932 1711932 The Merchant Shipping (Agreements) (Amendment) Act, 1932 1911932 The Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1932 2311932 The Small Trespass (Amendment) Act, 1932 211933 The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1933 311933 The Bills of Exchange (Amendment) Act, 1933 411933 The Imperial Lighthouse Dues Act, 1933 711933 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1933 811933 The Criminal Law Amendment (Amendment) Act, 1933 911933 The Registration and Records (Amendment) Act, 1933 311934 The United Kingdom Designs (Protection) (Amend- ment) Act, 1934 411934 The Patents granted in the United Kingdom (Amend- ment) Act, 1934 511934 The Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1934 811934 The Marriage | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
(Amendment) Act, 1934 811934 The Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act, 1934 4 C A P . | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
152) Enactment (Leeward Islands Acts) LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA No. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
& Year Short Title 211935 The Judgments Act, 1935 511935 The Title by Registration Act, 1935 211936 The Small Charges Act, 1936 411936 The Pensions Act, 1936 1011937 The Probates (Resealing) Act, 1937 1511937 The Title by Registration (Amendment) Act, 1937 1811937 T h e Infant Life (Preservation) Act, 1937 2111937 T h e Labour (Minimum Wage) Act, 1937 291 1937 T h e Counterfeit Currency (Convention) Act, 1937 3011937 T h e Jury (Amendment) Act, 1937 411938 The Companies (Amendment) Act, 1938 The Offences against the Person (Amendment) Act, 1939 T h e Employment of Children Prohibition Act, 1939 T h e Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1939 The Workmen's Compensation (Amendment) Act, 1939 The Production of Telegrams Act, 1939 T h e Pensions (Validation) Act, 1939 T h e Stamp (Amendment No. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
2) Act, 1939 The Summary Jurisdiction (Amendment) Act, 1939 The Shipping Masters Fees (Validating) Act,l941 T h e Undesirable Persons Expulsion (Amendment) Act, 1941 The Offences against the Person (Amendment) Act, 1941 The Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1941 The Counterfeit Currency Act, 1941 The Sedition and Undesirable Publications (Amend- ment) Act, 1941 The Administration of Estates by Consular Officers Act, 1941 T h e Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1941 The Workmen's Compensation (Amendment) Act, 1941 111942 T h e Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 1942 311942 T h e Evidence (Amendment) Act, 1942 411942 T h e Legitimacy (Amendment) Act, 1942 511942 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1942 611942 T h e Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1942 811942 T h e Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1942 411944 The Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act, 1944 611944 The Pensions (Amendment) Act, 1944 LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Enactment (Leeward Islands Acts) (CAP. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
152 5 No. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
& Year Short Title 7/1944 The Wills (Soldiers and Sailors) Act, 1944 8/1944 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1944 1311944 The Administration of Small Estates Act, 1944 14/1944 The Wills (Soldiers and Sailors) (Amendment) Act, 1944 15/ 1944 The Death Duties Remission (War Casualties) Act, 1944 1611944 The Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 1944 111945 T h e Medical (Amendment) Act, 1945 3/1945 The Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 1945 911945 T h e Seventh Day Adventist Church Incorporation (Amendment) Act, 1945 1011945 The Magistrate's Code of Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1945 5/1946 The Extradition Act, 1946 2/1947 The Trade Unions (Amendment) Act, 1947 3/1947 The Undesirable Persons Expulsion (Amendment) Act, 1947 6/1947 The Trust Corporation (Probate and Administration) Act, 1947 1111947 The Currency Interpretation Act, 1947 1211947 The Pensions Act, 1947 2/1948 The Supreme Court (Amendment) Act, 1948 3/1948 The Summary Jurisdiction (Amendment) Act, 1948 611948 The Medical (Amendment) Act, 1948 15/1948 The Legitimacy (Amendment) Act, 1948 1/1949 The Matrimonial Causes (War Marriages) Act, 1949 3/1949 The Aliens Land Holding Regulation (Amendment) Act, 1949 511949 The British Nationality (Fees, Offences and Penalties) Act, 1949 6/1949 T h e Third Parties (Rights against Insurers) Act, 1949 8/1949 The Corporal Punishment Act, 1949 14/1949 The Magistrate's Code of Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1949 18/1949 The Larceny (Protection of Praedial Produce) Act, 1949 411951 The Diplomatic Privileges (Extension) (Amendment) Act, | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
Privileges (Extension) (Amendment) Act, 1951 511951 The Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1951 8/1951 The Causes of Action (Survival) Act, 1951 9/ 195 1 The Fatal Accidents (Amendment) Act, 195 1 1011951 T h e Police Pensions (Preservation of Rights) Act, 1951 1111951 The Medical (Amendment) Act, 1951 6 CAP. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
152) Enactment (Leeward Islands Acts) LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA No. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
& Year Short Title T h e Telecommunications (Amendment) Act, 1953 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1953 T h e Corporal Punishment (Amendment) Act, 1953 The Supreme Court (~mendment)' Act, 1953 The Offences against the Person (Amendment) Act, 1953 T h e Sentence of Death (Expectant Mothers) Act, 1953 T h e Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1953 T h e Unrepresented Estates (Amendment) Act, 1953 311954 The Larceny (Amendment) Act, 1954 511954 The Immigration and Passport (Amendment) Act, 1954 711954 The Agricultural Small Holdings (Amendment) Act, 1954 811954 The Medical (Amendment) Act, 1954 911954 The Title by Registration (Amendment) Act, 1954 1111954 The Currency (Amendment) Act, 1954 1511954 The Evidence (Amendment) Act, 1954 111955 T h e Stamp (Amendment) Act, 1955 211955 The Summary Jurisdiction (Amendment) Act, 1955 1111955 T h e Supreme Court (Amendment) Act, 1955 1411955 The Small Charges (Amendment) Act, 1955 2011955 T h e Currency (Amendment) Act, 1955 2111955 T h e Post Office (Amendment) Act, 1955 211956 T h e Promissory Oaths (Amendment) Act, 1956 511956 The Magistrate's Code of Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1956 711956 T h e Larceny (Amendment) Act, 1956 | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639390361.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-152.pdf |
Committee Secretary Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade PO Box 6021 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 16 December 2022 Dear Officer, RE: Inquiry Into the Rights of Women and Children The Australian National University Law Reform and Social Justice Research Hub (‘ANU LRSJ Research Hub’) welcomes the opportunity to provide this submission to the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade, responding to terms of reference 1, 2 and 4 of the inquiry. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
The ANU LRSJ Research Hub falls within the ANU College of Law’s Law Reform and Social Justice program, which supports the integration of law reform and principles of social justice into teaching, research and study across the College.
Members of the group are students of the ANU College of Law, who are engaged with a range of projects with the aim of exploring the law’s complex role in society, and the part that lawyers play in using and improving law to promote both social justice and social stability. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Summary of Recommendations: 1.
Prioritising the voices and perspectives of women and children regarding discussions concerning their rights; 2.
Understanding the ways intersectionalities impact gender-based violence and that these differences are crucial to comprehend when tackling the issue; 3.
The criminalisation of any offence related to acid attacks, regulating the sale of any type of acid, and domestic imprisonment as a punitive measure prior to deportation; 4. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Expanding the capacities of existing legal and support services, specifically 5. support for those experiencing violence and men’s behaviour change programs; and Including issues of gender-based discrimination and violence in the new school curriculum on mandatory consent education, and that this be continued throughout Years 11 and 12.
If further information is required, please contact us at anulrsjresearchhub@gmail.com. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
On behalf of the ANU LRSJ Research Hub, Authors: Nuria Olive, Olivia von Bertouch, and Helen Argyris Editors: Isabella Keith We are also grateful for comments provided by Farshad Moradi. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 Introduction This submission addresses the government’s role in supporting the rights of women and children, integrating these issues into mainstream political discourse, educating the public on the prevalence of gender-based discrimination and violence and how to prevent these.
Where incidences of these issues do occur, the government should have response mechanisms in place to support and empower women and children in a timely manner. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
This submission prioritises the importance of government funding to assist existing organisations alongside funding for improvement of consent education.
1.
Prioritising the Voices of Women and Children in Conversations and Policymaking Concerning their Rights As this inquiry concerns the rights of women and children, it is their voices that should be at the forefront of this discussion. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Furthermore, discussions regarding issues outside of the rights of women and children should also not exclude their voices.
Gender should not be absent from conversations surrounding other human rights and political concerns.
By not including the perspectives of women in policy-making, UN Security Council Resolution 1325 is not complied with, which states that women are entitled to 'equal participation and full involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security'1. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Therefore, women should be included in all conversations about politics and security, regardless of whether or not their rights are directly affected.
Particularly in recent years, global activism by women and children regarding their rights has been strong.
Having won TIME Magazine’s 2022 ‘Heroes of the Year’2, the women of Iran have continually challenged gender inequality, despite the threats of the formidable authoritarian regime that is the Islamic Republic. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Young women in Iran have begun to lead a movement for gender equality including improvement of job prospects, rule of law, meaningful roles in politics, and the freedom to wear and say what they want.3 Following the death of Mahsa Amini by mortality police on September 16, this movement has surged incredibly4. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Taking to the streets to chant 'woman, life, freedom', Iranian women have demonstrated their will for social and political reform; regardless of the consequences protesting will have for them and their families.5 These individual and collective voices, expressing the ways in which gender-based discrimination has impacted them directly, are a necessity when policymaking. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Without hearing the perspective of those impacted by the issue at hand and the change that they personally want to see, responses are limited.
In the Committee’s Public Hearing as a part of this inquiry, producers of the documentary ‘Geeta’ had Mrs Geeta and Ms Neetu join the hearing to speak on their experiences with 1 SC Res 1325, UN SCOR, 4213th mtg, UN Doc S/RES/1325 (31 October 2000). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
2 Azadeh Moaveni, ‘TIME 2022 Heroes of the Year: Women of Iran’, Time Magazine (Web Page, 8 December 2022) <https://time.com/heroes-of-the-year-2022-women-of-iran/>.
3 Ibid.
4 Kay Armin Serjoie, ‘The Protests in Iran Have Shaken the Islamic Republic to Its Core’, Time Magazine (Web Page, 24 September 2022) <https://time.com/6216024/iran-protests-islamic-republic-response/>. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
5 Azadeh Moaveni, ‘TIME 2022 Heroes of the Year: Women of Iran’, Time Magazine (Web Page, 8 December 2022) <https://time.com/heroes-of-the-year-2022-women-of-iran/>.
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 acid attacks. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
As said by Neetu during the hearing, ‘If we understand the pain of the survivor and we understand how they are suffering, we should look into this matter and resolve it.’6 Despite Neetu’s acid attack occurring 30 years ago, it is concerning that the issue is still prevalent in society.
Including the voices of those who have faced gender-based discrimination and violence, inquiries can have a more powerful impact.
It is the voices of these individuals and communities that should be prioritised. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Not only is Neetu a woman, but also was a child at the time the attack occurred.
Whilst including women in these conversations, children should not be excluded as the inquiry concerns their rights as well.
Children also have the capacity to invoke significant change, as demonstrated by Greta Thunberg and her powerful voice on climate change. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Therefore, we submit that legislation drafting should be conscious of the historically patriarchal undertones of the Australian parliamentary system in order to ensure women are empowered and included.
Moreover, the perspectives of women and children should be encouraged and prioritised.
Recommendation 1: Prioritising the voices and perspectives of women and children regarding discussions concerning their rights.
We recommend further inclusion of women and children in relation to all policy matters. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Legislation should explicitly state the gender-based inequalities it is addressing so as to avoid reinforcement of the underlying heteronormative patriarchal structure of society.
2.
Understanding the Intersectionalities of Gender-Based Violence Applying intersectionality to the study of gender-based violence may assist with understanding how such violence develops its prevalence in patterns. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
These patterns may highlight the heightened risk of violence to women and children who are of differing religions, cultural backgrounds, genders and sexualities, and levels of physical and psychological capability. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
One of the more prevalent forms of intersectional gender-based violence in Australia is violence towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, who are 34 times more likely to be hospitalised from violence and report three times as many incidents of sexual violence as non-Indigenous women.7 Furthermore, 53.2% of Australian transgender and gender-diverse people reported experiencing sexual violence or coercion in 2014, significantly higher than the 13.3% reported by the general population.8 This evident discrimination towards non-binary and transgender people is a prevalent issue that should be focused on alongside violence against cisgender women. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Women from culturally and linguistically diverse, migrant and refugee backgrounds tend to experience heightened difficulties accessing support services, including legal services, especially in the context of gender-based violence.
1 in 3 migrant and refugee 6 Evidence to Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade, Parliament of Australia, Canberra, 23 November 2022, 3 (Neetu Mahor). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
7 Anna Olsen and Ray Lovett, ANROWS, Existing Knowledge, Practice and Responses to Violence Against Women in Australian Indigenous Communities: State of Knowledge Report, (ANROWS Landscapes No 2, January 2016).
8 Denton Callandar et al, The Kirby Institute, The 2018 Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey (Report of Findings, 2018). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 women experience domestic violence,9 compared to 1 in 6 of the general population.10 Not only are these rates of violence higher, but their access to support and legal services is far lower. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
With added barriers of fear of discrimination and racism, language and cultural differences, risks to their visa statuses, lack of support networks, migrant and refugee women report sexual violence at far lower rates than other Australians.11 Recommendation 2: To address the increased rates of gender-based violence against intersectional groups, we recommend actively seeking the input of women and children from those groups in the creation of your inquiry, understanding that the ways these groups experience gender-based violence differs from that of the general Australia population, and that these differences are crucial to comprehend when tackling the issue. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
To address the difficulty of culturally and linguistically diverse, migrant and refugee women and children accessing support services due to language barriers, we recommend making the national Translating and Interpreting Service free of charge for all people accessing legal or other support. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
To address the fear of discrimination and racism experienced by these women and children, we recommend increasing funding towards culturally diverse medical centres where they can receive medical assistance following gender-based violence in an environment free from fear of racism, and without having to remove traditional clothing in a way that violates their religious beliefs and practices.
3.
Domestic Punitive Measures Before Deportation for all Gender-Based Violence: Is Deportation Solving the Problem? | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Acid attacks remain an ongoing and persistent issue to this day.
The prevalence and harm caused by acid attacks has become a worldwide problem.
Acid attacks are increasingly reported across many parts of the world, especially in developing countries.
For example, in Bangladesh between 1999 and 2013, it was reported that 3,512 women were victims of acid attacks.12 In India, acid attacks are increasingly reported every year. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Although the reported number of attacks is estimated between 250 and 300, the actual number of attacks could exceed 1,000.13 Although acid attacks are more common in South Asia, this type of violence has become more prevalent in Western countries as well, such as the United Kingdom. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
According to Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI), the United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of acid attacks per capita in the world.14 In 2016, there were reported over 601 acid attacks and 67 percent of victims were men, whereas global statistics indicate that the 9 Marie Segrave, Rebecca Wickes and Chloe Keel, ‘One Third of Migrant and Refugee Women Experience Domestic Violence, Major Survey Reveals’ (2021) Monash University Lens. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
10 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence (Report, November 2022) <https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2021/07/01/1383466/one-third-of-migrant-and-refugee-wo men-experience-domestic-violence-major-survey-reveals>.
11Ibid.
12 Lisa M Taylor, 'Saving Face: Acid Attack Laws after the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women' (2000) 29 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 395.
13 Ibid. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
13 Ibid.
14 Samuel Moffatt and Portia Rhimes, ‘Deliberate Corrosive Substance Attacks: A Systematic Review’ (2020) 22(3) Trauma 169.
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 majority of victims, approximately 80 percent, are women.15 This can be attributed to the fact that acid attacks are a form of gender-based violence because of established gendered roles and hierarchies. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
In the vast majority of cases, the perpetrators are men, and society’s patriarchal patterns and demonstration of power and brutality are its main drivers.
But the most important aspect of this problem remains unaddressed- deportation.
As referred to in the public hearing of the Inquiry into the rights of women and children on 23 November 2022, non-citizens perpetrators are immediately deported.
As a result, their crime remains unpunished and the victims’ sense of justice unresolved. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
More importantly, deportation does not guarantee safety.
In the public hearing, it was mentioned that acid attack victims were harassed by the offender’s family members with death threats and on-going stalking, which, in turn, had an adverse socio-economic impact on their lives.
Domestic imprisonment could be considered as a punitive measure prior to deportation. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
According to s 501 (3A) of the Migration Amendment (Character and General Visa Cancellation) Act 2014 (Cth), the Minister must cancel a person’s visa if satisfied that the person does not pass the character test and is serving a full time custodial sentence.16 This means that a person sentenced to more than 12 months of imprisonment will be deported.
Therefore, imprisonment of more than 12 months instead of deportation can be used as a punitive measure to acid attack offenders. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
This not only will send a strong signal to society that perpetrators of this form of violence are prosecuted and punished to the full extent of the law but also it will create an environment of safety for the victims.
However, in this case we need to consider the implications of this across all jurisdictions since in some states the risk of deportation is the determining factor into sentencing, including Victoria, Queensland, Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Particularly, in the state sentencing case of Guden v The Queen [2010] VSCA 196,17 the offender’s prospects of deportation was a relevant sentencing factor. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
In New South Wales, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, deportation is not considered as a determining factor and in South Australia it remains unsettled.18 If the relevant legislation was to be enacted, in some states, the risk of deportation and impact of such risk would be taken into account, which, in turn, would give the offender a lesser sentence and the possibility to remain in Australia. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
To mitigate this risk, we could assess its coherency with the existing law and with other mitigating factors, including pleading, cooperation with law enforcement authorities, remorse and circumstances around the offence.19 Recommendation 3: To ensure that this form of violence is addressed at the federal, state and territory levels, we recommend that the Government needs to introduce a legislation that would criminalise any offence related to acid attacks, regulating the sale of any type of acid attack and impose punitive measures prior to deportation of the offender. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
15 BBC Three, Everything You Know About Acid Attacks is Wrong (17 November 2017) <https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/5d38c003-c54a-4513-a369-f9eae0d52f91>.
16 Migration Amendment (Character and General Visa Cancellation) Act 2014 (Cth) s501 (3A).
17 Guden v The Queen [2010] VSCA 196.
18 National Judicial College of Australia, Deportation (16 December 2022) <https://csd.njca.com.au/deportation2/>. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
19 Mirko Bagaric, Theo Alexander and Brienna Bagaric, ‘Offenders Risking Deportation Deserve a Sentence-Discount- But the Reduction Should be Provisional’ (2020) 43 (3) Melbourne University Law Review 1.
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 4. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Prioritising Funding for Existing Organisations Assisting People Experiencing Violence and Offering Men’s Behaviour Change Programs Domestic and sexual abuse disproportionately impacts women and children, causing significant long-term mental health implications.
This has the capacity to deteriorate educational and economic progress for individuals and families that have been subject to such violence.
Many survivors of domestic and sexual abuse, particularly in regional and rural communities. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
are not aware of the support systems and reporting mechanisms available to them.20 According to the ABS, 1 in 3 women have been subject to physical violence and 1 in 5 women have experienced sexual violence since the age of 15 in Australia,21 23% of women in Australia have faced emotional abuse from a partner, which can have equally as harmful effects as physical abuse.22 The Government needs to ensure that it has the response mechanisms ready and available to help women because, whilst we would rather these issues were not occurring at all, we cannot deny that gender-based discrimination and violence will not cease for a significant period of time. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Therefore, it is vital that long-term funding is injected into pre-existing organisations that prioritise these issues so that responses to incidences of gender-based discrimination and violence are timely, affordable and effective in supporting victims.
Many Australian legal and support services that currently exist to prevent violence against women and children are extremely capable of doing so, but could better address the issue with greater funding. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
It is likely far more costly for the Australian Government to establish new non-profit organisations with this purpose in mind than to provide more resources to the existing organisations doing life-saving work for women and children around Australia.
One element is legal support, which is already established in Legal Aid and other community legal services throughout Australia. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
These services are capable of assisting women apply for protection orders to keep them safe from perpetrators, as well as assisting with family custody matters to help protect children from future violence.
These are incredibly useful services and would be capable of assisting more people at a faster turnaround with greater funding. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
For example, the World Bank has endorsed Indonesia’s PEKKA Women’s Legal Empowerment program which trains paralegals to go into communities and support women in applying for protection orders.23 Furthermore, establishing more legal aid centres in regional communities would help those in remote areas – particularly Indigenous women and children who are generally at a far greater risk of experiencing violence – find legal support. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
However, these services operate after violence has been perpetrated, rather than as preventative measures.
20 Deakin University Australia, Landscapes of Violence: Women Surviving Family Violence in Regional and Rural Victoria (Report, 2014).
21 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Domestic Violence: Experiences of Partner Emotional Abuse (Released 24 August 2022) <https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/domestic-violence-experiences-partner-emotional-abuse>.
22 Ibid. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
22 Ibid.
23 ‘Indonesia: Women Headed Household Empowerment Program (PEKKA)’, World Bank (Text/HTML) <https://projects.worldbank.org/en/results/2012/04/19/indonesia-women-headed-household-empower mentprogram-pekka>.
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 Some success in preventing violence against women and children has been found in men’s behaviour change programs (‘MBCPs’) throughout Australia. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
The proportion of men who use violence continuing to do so after participating in a MBCP is drastically reduced24.
These programs appear to be the most successful at prevention of violence against women and children, so would greatly benefit from further funding to increase their capacity.
Helping women out of violent relationships is only a short-term solution, but MBCPs are a means of ending the cycle of violence for future prevention. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Helping men who use violence change their attitudes and behaviour towards women allows them to raise future men who do not use violence, ending the cycle of violence within that family and contributing to more respectful relationships between all people.
Recommendation 4: Putting significant funding into expanding the capacities of existing legal and support services rather than establishing new ones. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Specifically, in both support for those experiencing violence and in men’s behaviour change programs to end the cycle of violence.
Furthermore, introducing mandatory respectful relationships education modules for all Australians to better educate the public, including migrants before gaining residency in Australia.
5.
Mandatory Respectful Relationships Education to be Introduced in Schools; Ensuring Issues of Gender-Based Discrimination are Taught Throughout Schools and How to Break Down These Barriers. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Thanks to the advocacy of another woman, Chanel Contos, all Australian schools will now be required to engage in consent education from the beginning of school up until Year 10. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Collecting over 6,000 testimonies on sexual assault and sexual harassment over the course of a year,25 Chanel Contos’ efforts entail that the new consent curriculum in schools will promote a holistic understanding of consent, including coercion, gender stereotypes and power imbalances.26 Whilst this is a significant step in the right direction, issues such as gender-based violence and intersectional discrimination will not be covered under this new curriculum. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
As explored above, gender inequality is not experienced in the same way by all women and cannot be view as separate from other forms of discrimination different women face including ethnicity, disability, sexuality, socio-economic status and age.27 Hence, it should not only be taught in schools how to mitigate gender-based violence, but also its intersections. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
For example, how to make queer-identifying women feel safe and included as well as those whose second language is English and may face a language or cultural barrier.
24 Women NSW, Men’s Behaviour Change Programs (Evaluation Summary).
25 <https://www.teachusconsent.com/>. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
25 <https://www.teachusconsent.com/>.
26 ‘Mandatory Consent Education is a Huge Win for Australia – But Consent is Just One Small part of Navigating Relationships’, The Conversation (Web Page, 21 February 2022) <https://theconversation.com/mandatory-consent-education-is-a-huge-win-for-australia-but-consent-is -just-one-small-part-of-navigating-relationships-177456>.
27 ACT Community Services, Domestic and Family Violence Risk Assessment and Management Framework (Fact Sheet No 2, July 2022). | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 Furthermore, consent education should not stop in Year 10 and should be extended for students completing Years 11 and 12, particularly as most become adults during this time period and may be more likely to start being sexually active.
Considering 28 percent of children experience sexual harassment or assault before the end of high school,28 consent education should not be seen as just another subject you can discard going into Years 11 and 12. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Considering teaching looks significantly different in Years 11 and 12, consent and gender-based education can be continued in the form of mandatory workshops and talks throughout the year - perhaps one session per term.
This will ensure they do not ‘forget’ what they have learnt throughout school and that they properly engage in conversations surrounding consent and gender-based issues as they mature into adults where these issues become more prevalent. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Another area the new initiative is lacking in is training and development for school teachers who are expected to implement consent education into their everyday teaching.
All teachers will need significant background on consent and other gender-based issues, otherwise the new curriculum risks giving students a superficial or neglected understanding of the prevalence of these issues and how to stop them. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Teachers would need to be first taught the curriculum themselves and may be reluctant to engage without incentive as it will take up some time.
How to address this could include funding to assist teachers in taking time away from school to attend consent training sessions provided by outside organisations that specialise in gender-based and consent issues. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Without adequate training for teachers, the information will not be taught effectively and with the impact required to end high rates of consent issues.
Therefore, whilst we acknowledge that the introduction of mandatory consent education in schools is commendable, the content of the curriculum and the ways in which teachers engage with it requires improvement. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Recommendation 5: We recommend including issues of gender-based discrimination and violence in the new school curriculum on mandatory consent education, and that this be continued throughout Years 11 and 12.
We propose that this education does not exclude the intersectionalities of women and children and how to mitigate discrimination associated with these.
Implementation of additional resources and funding for school teachers to ensure the initiative is effective would be beneficial. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
Concluding Remarks This Inquiry will play a key role in Australia’s current capacity to assess the rights of women and children, as well as the mechanisms in place to protect them from violence both in Australia and internationally.
We thank you for your time in reading our submission.
Australia’s current laws and organisations do a lot to protect the safety and rights of women and children, but there are many ways it could be improved. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
These include prioritising the voices and perspectives of women and children in these discussions, understanding intersectional disadvantage and violence, criminalising acid attacks and domestically imprisoning acid-attackers, expanding capacities of existing legal and support services, and including issues of gender-based discrimination and violence in the new school curriculum on mandatory consent education. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
28 La Trobe University, National Survey of Secondary Students and Sexual Health 2018: Results of the 6th National Survey of Australian Secondary Students and Sexual Health (Report, June 2019).
Inquiry into the rights of women and childrenSubmission 17 | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Australia | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396740.pdf | https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=20a09753-b66f-420a-bd74-1f8ffbe3a2f4&subId=728752 |
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical (CAP.
269 1 CHAPTER 269 T H E MEDICAL ACT Arrangement of Sections Section 1.
Short title.
2.
Interpretation.
Medical Board 3.
Constitution of the Medical Board.
4.
Appointment of members.
5.
Term of service of members.
6.
Meetings.
7.
Reference of questions by Minister to Board.
Registration 8.
Appointment of Registrar.
9.
Medical Register.
10.
Registration of persons already qualified.
11.
Application for registration.
12.
Appeal to Cabinet.
13. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
12.
Appeal to Cabinet.
13.
Additional qualifications.
14.
Alteration in Medical Register.
15.
Removal of name from Medical Register on request.
16.
Removal of name on death.
17.
Erasing from Medical Register name of person convicted of crime or disgraceful conduct.
18.
Provisions relating to inquiries by the Medical Board.
19.
Name may be restored to register.
20.
Publication of copy of Register and evidence of registration.
21.
Penalty for obtaining registration by false representation. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
22.
Penalty for Registrar making false entry.
2 C A P .
269) M&al LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical Practitioners 23.
Persons entitled to be registered.
24.
Naval and Military Medical Officers.
25.
Rights of registered practitioners.
26.
Offences by unregistered persons.
27.
Validity of certificates.
Dentists 28.
Definition of the practice of dentistry.
29.
Registration of dentists.
30.
Offences by unregistered persons.
3 1.
Qualifications necessary for registration.
32. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
Qualifications necessary for registration.
32.
No recovery of fees by unregistered person.
Opticians 33.
No person to practise sight-testing unless registered.
34.
Persons entitled to be registered.
35.
Evidence of practice of sight-testing.
36.
Registered optician entitled to recover charges.
3 7.
Offences.
38.
Exemptions.
Chemists and Drupgists 39.
No person to practise as druggist unless registered.
40.
Qualifications for registration.
41. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
40.
Qualifications for registration.
41.
Procedure to be followed by applicants for certificates of competency.
42.
Exemption.
PART VII Sale of Drugs and Poisons 43.
Prohibition of sale of drugs by unregistered person.
44.
Sign on shop for sale of drugs.
45.
Refusal to dispense.
Improper or negligent conduct.
46.
Prescriptions to be numbered and filed.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical ( C A P .
269 3 47.
Substances to be deemed poisons.
48. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
269 3 47.
Substances to be deemed poisons.
48.
Prohibition of sale of poison to person under sixteen.
49.
Restriction on sale of poison.
50.
Penalty for false information.
51.
Prohibition of sale or delivery of poison by uncertified shop assistant.
52.
Duty of druggist where excessive dose of poison prescribed.
53.
Label on container of patent or proprietary medicine.
54.
Prohibition of sale of unfit drugs.
55.
Inspection of drugs and books.
56.
Regulations.
57.
Penalties.
SCHEDULE A. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
56.
Regulations.
57.
Penalties.
SCHEDULE A.
SCHEDULE B.
SCHEDULE C. SCHEDULE D. SCHEDULE OF FEES.
MEDICAL (1st March, 1938.)
811954.
S.R.O.
2211956.
S.R.O.
1811964.
4111967.
1511985.
1711989.
1811989.
S.I.
3911989.
1.
This Act may be cited as the Medical Act.
short title.
2.
In this Act- Interpretation.
"Medical Board" means the Medical Board constituted under the provisions of this Act. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
"Medical Register" means the Register of medical prac- titioners, dentists, opticians and chemists and drug- gists required to be kept in pursuance of this Act.
4 CAP.
269) Medical LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA "optician" means a sight-testing optician.
"prescribed fee" means a fee prescribed by the Schedule of fees to this Act.
"Registrar7' means such person as may be appointed by the Governor-General to be Registrar under this Act.
PART I Medical Board Constitution of the Medical Board.
3. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
3.
For the purposes of this Act there shall be established a Board to be known as the Medical Board con- sisting of five persons of whom at least three shall be medical practitioners.
Appointment of members.
4.
The Minister shall appoint the members of the Medical Board, and may from time to time remove any member and appoint another in his place, or fill vacancies arising from any cause.
Term of service of members.
5 . | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
Term of service of members.
5 .
(1) A person appointed to be a member of the Medical Board shall vacate his seat at the expiration of two years from the date of his appointment, but may be re-appointed.
Meetings.
(2) A member who leaves Antigua and Barbuda or fails to attend three consecutive meetings of the Medical Board to which he has been duly summoned, without permission from the Chairman of such Board shall vacate his seat.
6. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
6.
(1) The Medical Board shall assemble whenever required by the Minister or convened by its Chairman, who shall be appointed by the Minister.
In the absence of the Chairman the members present shall elect one of their number to be Chairman of the meeting.
(2) Three of the members of such Board shall constitute a quorum.
(3) The Medical Board may act notwithstanding any vacancy on such Board.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical (CAP. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical (CAP.
269 5 ( 4 ) All acts of the Medical Board shall be decided by the votes of the majority of members present, and if the votes are equal the Chairman or member presiding, in addition to his vote as a member, shall have a casting vote.
7.
(1) The Minister may refer to the Medical Board Reference of uestions by any question relating to the public health for its considera- &.
inister to tion or for investigation and report.
Board. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
Board.
(2) When the Minister refers any such question to the Medical Board, the members, if not unanimous, shall each give his opinion in writing.
Registration 8.
The Governor-General shall by notice in the Gazette *pp?intment of Registrar.
appoint a fit and proper person to be Registrar under this Act, and it shall be the duty of the Registrar to keep the Medical Register.
9.
The Medical Register shall contain separate lists, Medical Register. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
made out alphabetically according to the surnames, of all the names and addresses with descriptions and dates of the qualifications in respect of which they are registered, and the dates of registration of all persons qualified to practise in Antigua and Barbuda as medical practitioners, dentists, opticians, or chemists and druggists.
10.
(1) The Registrar shall forthwith place on the %$r;:~;; Medical Register, without payment of any fee, the names, qualified. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
qualifications and addresses of all persons who are entitled to be registered by virtue of sections 31 ( a ) , and 4 0 ( b ) , and every such person shall thereupon be subjected to all the pro- visions of this Act.
(2) Upon entering in the Medical Register the name of any such person who is entitled to be registered as aforesaid, the Registrar shall also issue to him a Certificate of Registration in the form set out in Schedule A.
11. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
11.
( I ) Where any person desires to be registered ~;~~~@;~~,",".f~r under this Act he shall make application to the Registrar, and shall submit such evidence as may be required to establish 6 CAP.
269) Medical LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA that he is eligible to be registered and is a fit and proper person to be so registered. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
(2) Such evidence shall include a declaration on oath in proof of the applicant's identity and good moral character, and of the authenticity of any diploma or certificate submit- ted in support of the application.
(3) The Registrar shall forthwith refer such application to the Medical Board and such Board, if satisfied that the applicant is eligible and is a fit and proper person to be so registered, shall direct the Registrar to register him upon payment of the prescribed fee. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
(4) The Registrar shall thereupon make the necessary entry in the Medical Register and publish notice thereof in the Gazette, and shall also issue to the person so registered a Certificate of Registration in the form set out in the Schedule A.
12. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
12.
(1) If a Medical Board declines to direct the Registrar to register anyone who applies to be registered under this Act, he may appeal, within three months after such refusal shall have been communicated to him, to the Cabinet, and if it be made to appear to the Cabinet that he is entitled to be registered under this Act, the Cabinet may direct that he shall be so registered on payment of the prescribed fee. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
(2) Such appeal shall be by way of petition, which shall be lodged with the Registrar, who shall bring the same to the notice of the Secretary to the Cabinet forthwith.
Schedule A.
Appeal to Cabinet.
Additional qualifications.
13. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |
Additional qualifications.
13.
Any person registered under this Act who may have any higher degree or any qualification other than the qualification in respect of which he may have been registered, shall be entitled to have such higher degree or additional qualification inserted in the Medical Register, in substitu- tion for, or in addition to, the qualification previously registered, on payment of the prescribed fee.
LAWS OF ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Medical (CAP.
269 7 14. | Gender Based violence- Violence Against Women | Acid violence / crime | Antigua and Barbuda | https://docs-lawep.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/1697639396377.pdf | http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-269.pdf |