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int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};

Declares the array we want to use for our assignment

We initialize the array of type int to hold the specified numbers.

int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};

Declares the array we want to use for our assignment

We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

This line assures that we loop over all the elements in the array we want to increment

We want to iterate over the array and increment each element in the array by 1.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

This line assures that we loop over all the elements in the array we want to increment

To really change the array as we march across it, we need to use indexes so we can assign an updated value to each position as we go.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

This line assures that we loop over all the elements in the array we want to increment

We need the array indexes to start at 0 (array indexes start from 0) with every integer number up to but not including the array length.

arr[i] += 1;

extracts to value at the i-th index of the array and adds 1 to that value.

This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.

arr[i] += 1;

then it stores that value back in the array at the i-th index

This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.

int num = 15;

variable decleration: declares the number we are trying to divide

We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor.

int num = 15;

variable decleration: declares the number we are trying to divide

We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1.

int num = 15;

variable decleration: declares the number we are trying to divide

In this program, we initialize variable num to 15.

int divisor = 2;

variable decleration. Declares the start point of where we want to test from

We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1.

int divisor = 2;

variable decleration. Declares the start point of where we want to test from

We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number.

divisor += 1;

if the loop condition is true, then we increment the divisor by 1

When the divisor is not a factor of the number, we increment the variable divisor by 1.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

checks if the module of the expression is not equal to 0 and will loop until the condition is true.

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

checks if the module of the expression is not equal to 0 and will loop until the condition is true.

We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

checks if the module of the expression is not equal to 0 and will loop until the condition is true.

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

checks if the module of the expression is not equal to 0 and will loop until the condition is true.

The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

checks if the module of the expression is not equal to 0 and will loop until the condition is true.

We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

if it is not 0, the condition is true which causes the loop to go

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

if it is not 0, the condition is true which causes the loop to go

We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

if it is not 0, the condition is true which causes the loop to go

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

if it is not 0, the condition is true which causes the loop to go

The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

if it is not 0, the condition is true which causes the loop to go

We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.

System.out.println("The smallest divisor of " + num + " is " + divisor);

prints to the consol for the user to see what the smallest divisor was of the number

This statement prints to the default standard output stream the smallest divisor of the number.

int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};

create java array list with all the elements are integers

We initialize the array of type int to hold the specified numbers.

int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};

create java array list with all the elements are integers

We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

iterate all elements in the array

We want to iterate over the array and increment each element in the array by 1.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

iterate all elements in the array

To really change the array as we march across it, we need to use indexes so we can assign an updated value to each position as we go.

for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {

iterate all elements in the array

We need the array indexes to start at 0 (array indexes start from 0) with every integer number up to but not including the array length.

arr[i] += 1;

Add 1 to i.

This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.

arr[i] += 1;

Each iteration will add 1 to the next element in the array.

This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.

int num = 15;

declare a integer called num, and assign it's value with 15

We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor.

int num = 15;

declare a integer called num, and assign it's value with 15

We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1.

int num = 15;

declare a integer called num, and assign it's value with 15

In this program, we initialize variable num to 15.

int divisor = 2;

declare an integer named divisor, assign it's value to 2.

We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1.

int divisor = 2;

declare an integer named divisor, assign it's value to 2.

We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

write a loop.

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

write a loop.

We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

write a loop.

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

write a loop.

The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

write a loop.

We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

the condition is "if the remainder of number divided by divisor is not zero", then enter the loop

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

the condition is "if the remainder of number divided by divisor is not zero", then enter the loop

We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

the condition is "if the remainder of number divided by divisor is not zero", then enter the loop

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

the condition is "if the remainder of number divided by divisor is not zero", then enter the loop

The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

the condition is "if the remainder of number divided by divisor is not zero", then enter the loop

We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.

divisor += 1;

add 1 to divisor

When the divisor is not a factor of the number, we increment the variable divisor by 1.

System.out.println("The smallest divisor of " + num + " is " + divisor);

print the "The smallest divisor of the num(what) is divisor(what).

This statement prints to the default standard output stream the smallest divisor of the number.

int num = 1234;

Initialize a number to some value.

We need variable num to store the integer that we want to print its digits.

do {

Start the loop where the digits are printed.

We need to process the digits of the integer from right to left and print them.

do {

Start the loop where the digits are printed.

Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.

do {

Start the loop where the digits are printed.

In this program, we do this by using a do loop.

do {

Start the loop where the digits are printed.

The do loop is more appropriate than a while loop because a positive integer always has at least one digit which results in the body of the loop performing at least once.

System.out.println(num % 10);

Print the rightmost digit of the current value of num.

Each printed digit is followed by the line separator (e.g. '\n') at the end.

System.out.println(num % 10);

Print the rightmost digit of the current value of num.

We need to extract the last digit in the 1's position of the integer.

System.out.println(num % 10);

Print the rightmost digit of the current value of num.

For example, if the integer is 1234, we want to extract the digit 4 that is in 1's position of the integer.

System.out.println(num % 10);

Print the rightmost digit of the current value of num.

We do this by calculating the remainder of the division of the integer by 10.

System.out.println(num % 10);

Print the rightmost digit of the current value of num.

Then, this statement prints the last digit of the integer to the standard output stream.

num = num / 10;

Divide num by 10 to remove the rightmost digit.

Therefore, this division will remove the digit that we processed (lastDigit) and we can move on to the next digit.

num = num / 10;

Divide num by 10 to remove the rightmost digit.

We truncate the extracted digit that we processed from the original integer by dividing the integer by 10.

num = num / 10;

Divide num by 10 to remove the rightmost digit.

Note that this statement performs an integer division because both operand of the / operator are integer.

} while (num > 0);

Continue the loop until all of the digits have been printed.

We need to check for termination conditions to avoid infinite loops.

} while (num > 0);

Continue the loop until all of the digits have been printed.

The loop should terminate when we run out of digits to process.

} while (num > 0);

Continue the loop until all of the digits have been printed.

We could check whether the are more digits left by checking whether the variable num, which gets updated in the body of the do loop, is greater than zero.

} while (num > 0);

Continue the loop until all of the digits have been printed.

If variable num is greater than zero, then it must have at least one digit, and in that case, the body of the do loop will be repeated again.

} while (num > 0);

Continue the loop until all of the digits have been printed.

The body of the while loop should repeat as long as there are more digits left that we have not processed yet.

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

Create a scanner to get input from the user.

To read the input values from the user, we need to define a Scanner object.

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

Create a scanner to get input from the user.

We need to read and process the values that the user enters.

System.out.println("Enter the phone age in years:");

Ask the user to enter the phone age.

We prompt the user to enter the phone age in years.

int phoneAge = scan.nextInt();

Get the phone age that the user entered.

We read the phone age by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer.

int phoneAge = scan.nextInt();

Get the phone age that the user entered.

We need to read the phone age that the user enters and store it in a variable.

System.out.println("Enter whether the phone is broken (true or false):");

Ask the user if the phone is broken.

We prompt the user to enter whether the phone is broken.

boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();

Check whether the user entered true or false to the previous question.

We need to read whether the phone is broken and store it in a variable.

boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();

Check whether the user entered true or false to the previous question.

The variable isBroken is true when the phone is broken, and false otherwise.

boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();

Check whether the user entered true or false to the previous question.

We read whether the phone is broken by calling the nextBoolean() method because this input is a boolean.

scan.close();

Close the scanner since it is not needed any more.

We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program.

boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;

Check if the phone is broken or its age is greater than or equal to 3.

We use the || operator (called or) to combine the two conditions.

boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;

Check if the phone is broken or its age is greater than or equal to 3.

The first condition is to test if the phone is broken and the second condition is to test if the phone age is at least 3 years old.

boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;

Check if the phone is broken or its age is greater than or equal to 3.

We need two conditions to determine if it is the time for a new phone.

System.out.println(needPhone);

Print out whether a new phone is needed.

This statement prints true/false depending on whether it is time to buy a new phone.

System.out.println(needPhone);

Print out whether a new phone is needed.

The printed value is followed by an end-of-line character in the end.

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

Create a new scanner to get the user's input.

To read the input value from the user, we need to define a Scanner object.

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

Create a new scanner to get the user's input.

We need to read and process the value that the user enters.

System.out.println("Enter an integer for seconds: ");

Ask the user to enter the number of seconds.

We prompt the user to enter the seconds.

int seconds = scan.nextInt();

Get the number entered by the user.

We need to read the seconds that the user enters and store it in a variable.

int seconds = scan.nextInt();

Get the number entered by the user.

We read the seconds by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer.

scan.close();

Close the scanner since it is not needed any more.

We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program.

int minutes = seconds / 60;

Get the minutes by dividing the seconds by 60.

To obtain the minutes in seconds, we divide the seconds by 60 because there are 60 seconds in a minute.

int minutes = seconds / 60;

Get the minutes by dividing the seconds by 60.

Note that since both operands of division operator are integer, the fractional part of the result is truncated, if there is any.

int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;

Get the remaining seconds by calculating seconds modulo 60.

This is because there are 60 seconds in a minute.

int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;

Get the remaining seconds by calculating seconds modulo 60.

Note that the % operator returns the remainder of the division.

int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;

Get the remaining seconds by calculating seconds modulo 60.

To obtain the remaining seconds after taking away the minutes, we have to take the remainder of the seconds divided by 60.

System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");

Print out the seconds, minutes, and remaining seconds.

This statement prints to the default standard output stream the minutes and remaining seconds from the input amount of time in seconds.

System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");

Print out the seconds, minutes, and remaining seconds.

The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.

int num = 15;

Initialize num to some number.

We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor.

int num = 15;

Initialize num to some number.

We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1.

int num = 15;

Initialize num to some number.

In this program, we initialize variable num to 15.

int divisor = 2;

Initialize divisor to 2 for use in the while loop.

We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1.

int divisor = 2;

Initialize divisor to 2 for use in the while loop.

We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number.

while (num % divisor != 0) {

Loop until a divisor is found.

Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.