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Q1294448

_START_ARTICLE_ Ági Szalóki _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ She started singing as a toddler, considering Márta Sebestyén a role model. Her musical background is traditional folk music; she first won recognition for singing with Ökrös in a traditional folk style, and Besh o droM, a Balkan gypsy brass band. With these ensembles she toured around the world from the Montreal Jazz Festival, through Glastonbury Festival to the Théatre de la Ville in Paris, from New York to Beijing._NEWLINE_Since 2005, she began to pursue her solo career and explore various genres, such as jazz, thirties ballads, or children's songs._NEWLINE_Until now, three of her six released albums were awarded Album of the Year Prize (MAHASZ Fonogram Award) in the children's records and jazz categories._NEWLINE_"When I sing it's not important whether it's jazz or traditional music or music of any other kind", Szalóki has said. "I feel as if I'm swimming in the music. The music is like water; or air and I fly in it."_NEWLINE_She is trained in the Kodály method. Many of her projects are inspired by poetry, be it "Sunset of Rust, It is Dusk" on Lament (2005), or the Karády album of ballads (A Vágy Muzsikál, 2008)._NEWLINE_She has also performed at numerous children's concerts.

3294382012979529334

Q3588472

_START_ARTICLE_ Émile Dubonnet _START_PARAGRAPH_ Émile Dubonnet (18 October 1883 - 1940) was a French balloonist active from 1908 to 1913. He participated in the 1908, 1909, and 1911 Gordon Bennett Cup in ballooning and was a member of the Aéro-Club de France. He won the La Grande Medialle de Aéro-Club de France in 1912. He holds a Fédération Aéronautique Internationale record from 1912-1913. _START_SECTION_ Biography _START_PARAGRAPH_ He was born on 18 October 1883 in Paris to a winemaker. In 1910 he flew over Paris in his Tellier brothers aircraft. He started from the Juvisy-sur-Orge field and made a landing at Bois de Boulogne _NEWLINE_He also helped form the first professional baseball league in France, the French Baseball Union, in 1912.

1342534654625266913

Q15446670

_START_ARTICLE_ Émile Gilliéron _START_PARAGRAPH_ Émile Gilliéron (1850–1924) was a Swiss artist and archaeological draftsman best known for his reconstructions of Mycenaean and Minoan artifacts from the Bronze Age. _START_SECTION_ Education and experience _START_PARAGRAPH_ Émile Gilliéron studied at the trade school in Basel from 1872 to 1874, the Art Academy in Munich from 1875 to 1876, and finally at the studio of Isidore Pils in Paris from 1875 to 1877. In 1877, Gilliéron relocated to Athens where he began his career as an archaeological artist who produced drawings for Greek and foreign excavators, designed commemorative postage stamps for the inaugural Olympic Games (1896 and 1906), and served as an art tutor for the royal family of George I. _START_SECTION_ Professional life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Émile Gilliéron worked as an archaeological illustrator for Heinrich Schliemann and gained a reputation for being widely recognized as the best archaeological illustrator working in Greece at the time. This reputation helped Gilliéron acquire a position assisting with fresco reconstructions at the excavation at Tiryns from 1910-1912. Gilliéron also became the chief restorer for Arthur Evans at the Palace of Minos at Knossos on Crete. For over three decades, Gilliéron worked with his son, and predecessor, also named Émile, creating reproductions of frescoes and other artifacts for Arthur Evans. The Gilliérons can be recognized as contributing many illustrations to Evan's four-volume book, The Palace of Minos at Knossos. Some of the most famous reconstructions by the Gilliérons include the Priest King fresco, the Ladies in Blue fresco, and the painting of the throne room at the Palace of Minos. Émile Gilliéron and his son formed a family business known as E. Gillieron & Son where they sold original commissioned watercolors and other reproductions made directly from originals on Skoufa Street in Athens. The Gilliérons created replicas of metal artifacts based on molds of the original masks, weapons, and vessels. They also created full-scale copies of Minoan frescoes on watercolor paper and created three-dimensional reconstructions in plaster form. By 1911 the Gilliérons had a catalog of Mycenaean antiquities consisting of over 144 pieces that could be manufactured in Germany by the Wurtemburg Electro Plate Company. The Gilliérons reworked molds taken from original antiquities to recreate an object in its undamaged form. The Gilliérons created two reconstructions of the well-known “Mask of Agamemnon” from Shaft Grave V in Grave Circle A at Mycenae, one which represented how the mask looked when it was found, and one restored to look like the believed original appearance. _START_SECTION_ Criticisms _START_PARAGRAPH_ The work of the Gilliérons can be attributed to influencing the spread of Aegean art and creating an impression of Minoan culture but the validity of the reconstructions has long been debated. The Priest King fresco, believed by Arthur Evans to depict one of the rulers of ancient Knossos, was created by piecing fragments of the original together and has been scrutinized as containing contemporary influences that were allegedly much different from the original. Other reconstructions by the Gilliérons fall under similar scrutiny, such as the Bull Leapers fresco, which may have been given the addition of a modern border. Émile Gilliéron's reconstruction of the Saffron Gatherer fresco has been proven to be incorrect, as it originally depicted a monkey, not a boy. In addition to restorations and reconstructions, it has been a matter of ongoing research whether the Gilliérons were also involved in the forgery business producing fakes with their Greek assistants. Some of the artifacts attributed to the Gilliérons and under suspicion of forgery include the chryselephantine snake goddesses, the Ring of Minos and the Ring of Nestor, and the well-known Phaistos disc on Crete. _START_SECTION_ Death and acknowledgements _START_PARAGRAPH_ Émile Gilliéron made and sold reproductions to museums and private collections all over the world up until his death in 1939. Since then The National Museum in Athens has had a gallery devoted to Gilliéron’s replicas of the Greek Bronze Age. Despite scrutiny of validity and questions of forgery, his reproductions remain valuable representations of ancient artistic achievements.

9787665229468908181

Q206961

_START_ARTICLE_ Épinay-sur-Seine _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 7 August 1850, a part of the territory of Épinay-sur-Seine was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Deuil-la-Barre, a part of the territory of Saint-Gratien, and a part of the territory of Soisy-sous-Montmorency to create the commune of Enghien-les-Bains._NEWLINE_Francis, Duke of Cádiz (13 May 1822 – 17 April 1902), king consort of Spain, took up residence at the château of Épinay-sur-Seine in 1881 until his death in 1902. The castle is currently the Épinay-sur-Seine city hall._NEWLINE_From 1902 it was home to the Epinay Studios. _START_SECTION_ Transport _START_PARAGRAPH_ Épinay-sur-Seine is served by Épinay-sur-Seine station on Paris RER line C. It is also served by Épinay-Villetaneuse station on the Transilien Paris – Nord suburban rail line._NEWLINE_Charles de Gaulle Airport is located about 13 km (8.1 mi) away from Épinay-sur-Seine.

16757089349915748185

Q281625

_START_ARTICLE_ Ócsa _START_SECTION_ The Árpád Age Romanesque church _START_PARAGRAPH_ The church was originally built in the 13th century by the Premonstratensians for use as a monastery. During the 16th century the village was reformed and the structure was given to the village for use as a public place of worship._NEWLINE_One of the most beautiful Romanesque churches preserved in Hungary, it has 3 naves, a cross nave, and two western towers, following the style common to Hungarian medieval architecture. It was renewed in the 20th century, according to the plans of modern-day architect (hu:Foerk Ernő). The church is interesting not only for its architecture, but for the murals of Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary, the Legendary painted on the northern walls._NEWLINE_Numerous preserved houses and structures in the vicinity recall the life and times of the Hungarian medieval age, including tools, furniture, and other objects of interest. _START_SECTION_ Bird observatory _START_PARAGRAPH_ A long-standing bird observatory known as the Ócsai Madárvárta is located nearby.

15277971696239644846

Q2601144

_START_ARTICLE_ Øyvind Storflor _START_SECTION_ Club career _START_PARAGRAPH_ He made his debut for Rosenborg in 1999. In 2000, he was loaned out for Byåsen, and in 2001 he was sold to Moss for 500,000 kr. In January 2003, Storflor returned to Rosenborg for NOK 1,000,000._NEWLINE_He came on a free transfer to Strømsgodset before the 2009 season. Winning the Norwegian Cup with the club in 2011 and Eliteserien in 2013, he stepped down to play for Ranheim in the 2017 season. However, the club achieved promotion from OBOS-ligaen through the play-offs the same year and has played in the top division since 2018. _START_SECTION_ International career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Storflor has four caps for the Norwegian national team. His first three caps all came in a pre-season tournament in January 2005. On 10 October 2014 he was subbed into the World Cup qualifying match versus Slovenia.

10079010734190669873

Q368292

_START_ARTICLE_ Últimas Noticias _START_SECTION_ Sister publications _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1956 Capriles Ayala acquired the newspaper La Esfera, which was sold in 1966. On February 3, 1958, he founded the evening newspaper El Mundo. In 1959 he bought the magazine Élite; 1962 he acquired the magazines Venezuela Gráfica and Páginas (the latter of which folded in 1999); in 1966 he founded Diario Crítica in Maracaibo, which closed in 1990; in 1968 he founded the Suplemento Cultural to Últimas Noticias; in 1969 he founded the sports daily Extra (which folded a year later). In 1970 he founded Dominical, the Sunday magazine of Últimas Noticias, and the magazin Hipódromo; in 1972 he bought Kena (folded in 1999) and founded Kabala (folded in 1999) and Alarma (folded in 1973); in 1974 he founded the Maracaibo newspaper El Vespertino, which folded in 1982; in 1988 he founded Guía Hípica, which folded in 2007. In 2005 La Cadena Capriles founded URBE and the sports publication Líder and acquired Urbe Bikini; in 2009, it founded El Mundo Economía y Negocios._NEWLINE_Other media enterprises currently owned by La Cadena Capriles include La Cadena Multicolor and PlanetaurbeTV. _START_SECTION_ Changes in the newspaper _START_PARAGRAPH_ Until 1999, the visual format of Últimas Noticias did not follow any particular formula and according to one commentator, the newspaper looked disorganized. But as of October 2000, certain new parameters were laid down in an effort to make the layout simpler and better organized. At the same time the newspaper adopted a more colloquial tone and aimed to be more of a guide to daily life._NEWLINE_In mid-2002 the newspaper began printing in colour on every page. Between 2004 and 2006 it launched four regional editions (for different areas of Greater Caracas) in addition to the national one._NEWLINE_Between 2009 and 2011, Últimas Noticias became a major multimedia operation, with its website providing an abundance of material, including podcasts, videos, video chats, interviews, sound galleries, and the like. Últimas Noticias radio presents music and interviews around the clock. Launched the first news app in the country and develop its own low cost tablet._NEWLINE_In 2013 the British financier Robert Hanson bought Ultimas Noticias for his private company Hanson Family Holdings for a figure reported as $US98 million. In 2014, he was accused by newspaper staff of turning it into "a Socialist Party mouthpiece", but the editor, Hector Davila, replied that his only instructions from Hanson were "to run a balanced and profitable newspaper". _START_SECTION_ Pre-2013 sale _START_PARAGRAPH_ Marcos Ruiz, a reporter for Últimas Noticias, was one of a group of journalists handing out leaflets in Caracas in favor of press freedom on August 13, 2009, when he was set upon by at least four supporters of President Hugo Chávez, who punched and beat him with clubs. According to Últimas Noticias, “12 journalists employed by its newspaper group were injured. The paper ran a front-page headline declaring: "Enough with the violence!”. _START_SECTION_ Reporters attacked _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to PEN, the other journalists attacked on August 13 included Manuel Alejandro Álvarez, César Batiz, Greasi Bolaños, Sergio Moreno González, Octavio Hernandez, Jesús Hurtado, Gabriela Iribarren, Glexis Pastran, Fernando Peñalver, and Marie Rondón, all of them employees of La Cadena Capriles. “The journalists, who were wearing press credentials, were protesting against the government's approval of a new education law that would restrict press freedom”, noted PEN. “The assailants reportedly hit and kicked the journalists, leaving them seriously injured, as well as accusing them of being 'defenders of the oligarchy' in the 'people's territory'. The government reportedly issued a statement condemning the attack and the Attorney General started an investigation. However, as of 21 August only one suspect had been arrested, despite the fact that there are reportedly photos of the attack that should make it easy to identify the others. According to local news reports, the assailants work for the government-owned broadcaster AvilaTV. Government officials, including President Chávez, have reportedly accused the 12 journalists who were attacked of being 'provocative' and taking a 'political stand,' leading them to fear action that the Attorney General may take action against them"._NEWLINE_César Batiz investigated the assassination of journalist Orel Sambrano, who at the time of his murder had been writing columns about the rise in drug trafficking, and has written (in collaboration with Jesus Yajure) about the failure of police to arrest suspects in the killing of journalist, film producer, and entrepreneur Jacinto Lopez. _START_SECTION_ Criticism of Venezuelan government _START_PARAGRAPH_ Últimas Noticias published a great deal of investigative journalism that has placed it at odds with the administration of Hugo Chávez. Among an example of this is an August 2011 exposé by César Batiz of Derwick Associates, a firm accused of bribery and overbilling and currently the target of several lawsuits in the United States._NEWLINE_At a meeting of his Council of Ministers in May 2012, Chávez accused Últimas Noticias of manipulating information concerning the announcement of his presidential candidacy. “First I get this copy where it says 'Chávez will announce his candidacy between June 1 and 11'”, said Chávez. “And later I receive another copy ... and the headline says: 'Chávez still doesn't know when he will announce his candidacy'. So I ask myself: why did they change the headline? What are they trying to manipulate?'”. Últimas Noticias explained that it publishes six editions a day and that headlines are frequently changed from one edition to the next in order to improve on clarity. The second headline Chávez saw had in fact appeared in that day's first edition, while the first headline he saw had appeared in the other five editions. _START_SECTION_ Post-2013 sale _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2013, Últimas Noticias was sold to a party then unidentified and commentary criticizing the Venezuelan government declined. This was supposedly due to the new owners of Útimas Noticias being close to the Venezuelan government. It later transpired that the new owner was the British financier Robert Hanson. _START_SECTION_ Censorship allegations _START_PARAGRAPH_ Following alleged censorship by the newspapers director during the 2014 Venezuelan protests, Chief Researcher Tamoa Calzadilla along with others resigned. Nathalie Alvaray, the first woman Media VP in the country and leader of all the innovation and convergence projects resigned a week before_NEWLINE_In January 2015, Venezuelans responded on social media to the controversial headline, "Maduro's Tour Was a Success", portraying that President Nicolas Maduro's meeting with Saudi Arabia was successful despite other outlets calling it a failure. The title led to Venezuelans making their own satirical headlines criticizing the newspaper's allegedly biased title.

13562828565261996685

Q33343

_START_ARTICLE_ Đông Hà _START_SECTION_ Vietnam War _START_PARAGRAPH_ During the Vietnam War, Đông Hà was the northernmost town in South Vietnam and was the location of a strategically important United States Marine Corps Đông Hà Combat Base, to support Marine positions along the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The 3rd Marine Division had overall command and control of this operational area. Large numbers of NVA operated in the DMZ area. 3rd Marine Division intelligence estimated the combat strength of NVA and VC forces in the DMZ area in January 1968 was 40,943 troops. Đông Hà was overrun on March 31, 1972, during the initial assaults of the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive._NEWLINE_Tourists come to Đông Hà nowadays, especially ex-servicemen from the U.S. and Vietnam, who nearly always include a DMZ tour in their programs. The contemporary Vietnamese singer Như Quỳnh was born in Đông Hà in 1970.

12198769529395749808

Q43252470

_START_ARTICLE_ İnci Asena _START_SECTION_ Life _START_PARAGRAPH_ She was born to Muhtar and Nihal in İstanbul, Turkey in 1948. She is the younger sister of Duygu Asena, a notable journalist. She graduated from the School of English studies at İstanbul University._NEWLINE_In 1966, she participated at the Miss Turkey beauty contest under the pseudonym Aylin Öndersev, which actually was her aunt's name, who died young. She won the contest. She married to journalist Halit Çapın, and gave birth to a daughter named Berfu. Her marriage ended with divorce lasting briefly. _START_SECTION_ Literature career _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1990, she established a publishing company named Adam Yayınları. Her poems appeared in Adam Sanat, a literary periodical of the company. In some of her poems, she used the pen name Ani Toros. She also wrote books, and is a member of PEN International.

15480226537985458355

Q5071133

_START_ARTICLE_ Şamlı, Zangilan _START_PARAGRAPH_ Şamlı is a village in the Zangilan Rayon of Azerbaijan.

15462215764058840900

Q388957

_START_ARTICLE_ Şeref Has _START_SECTION_ Profesional career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Has transferred to Fenerbahçe from Beyoğluspor in 1955. He was one of the fan favourites when he was playing. He played for Fenerbahçe between 1955–69, scoring 168 goals. He won the Turkish League 4 times and the Istanbul League title twice. _START_SECTION_ International career _START_PARAGRAPH_ Has played 37 times for Turkey, starting as captain 10 times. _START_SECTION_ Personal life _START_PARAGRAPH_ Has' brother, Mehmet Ali Has, was also a Turkish professional footballer.

753053173874406440

Q1888877

_START_ARTICLE_ Şerefli, Adıyaman _START_SECTION_ Geography _START_PARAGRAPH_ Akdag mountain, which is within Toros mountain systems, stretches from southwest to north around Şerefli village. Land forms are rippled degrassively from Sarikaya Tor located on the north to the agricultural planes on the south. Almost each height and valley has a name attributed by local dwellers. The hill which is located on the north east (coordinates 37.805089, 38.088731) is known as 'Kulluk Tepe' (kulluk is a local hat worn by females), the fertile valley located on the southeast is known as ''Cavurd'' (Coordinates 37°47'45.2"N 38°05'24.7"E), agricultural plantations on the north is known as ''Kayanin Onu'' (37°48'39.3"N 38°04'43.5"E), flat fields located on the south are known as ''Duz'' (37°48'00.6"N 38°04'47.9"E). There are also allegorical place names named after local historical figures such as Mışo'nun Cukuru. _START_SECTION_ Vegetation _START_PARAGRAPH_ Oak trees are sporadically existent at relatively higher elevations. Majority of the elevated locations have been subject to water and land erosion. Due to the long and dry summer seasons, grasslands and forest vegetation are at minute amount. Lands that are uncultivated are covered by wilding and scrub. Aquatic plants grow in In reeds and marshy places. Some of these aquatic plants like yarpuz, sirim, pincar are edible and regularly picked by locals every spring. Thorn apples, rose hips, turpentine trees, wild pears grow naturally without anthropogenic involvement. _START_SECTION_ Wild Animals _START_PARAGRAPH_ Falcons, hawks, owls, partridges, quails, sparrows, pigeons, crows are primary bird species. Capturing and petting partridges is a common hobby among local men. Hunting partridges and quails for dietary purposes is also popular. Sarikaya Tor hosts most of these bird species as its steep and rocky structure acts as a safe heaven. Local men do not welcome strangers with hunting purposes. Serefli people can get territorial and they even often abstain from hunting on a land owned by a different person. The occurrences of attempted homicides and bodily harms due to territorial disputes are not uncommon. _NEWLINE_Rabbits, foxes, weasels are other wild animals living in the village's habitat. _START_SECTION_ Climate _START_PARAGRAPH_ Serefli village's summer weather trend can be classified as Csa on Koopen-Geiger climate classification system. It has long and dry summers. After the construction of Ataturk Dam, the increasing humidity levels likened the region's climate to Mediterranean climate. A considerable amount of precipitation is observed in cold winter months. August is the driest time of the year with a 1 mm average rain fall. 135 mm rainfall rate makes Decembers the month with the highest precipitation rate. July is the hottest month with an average 30.2 °C. An average temperature of 4.3°C qualifies Januaries as the coldest month. The annual average temperature is 25.9 °C. _START_SECTION_ Agriculture _START_PARAGRAPH_ Serefli has fertile lands. The primary agricultural activity was tobacco cultivation until Turkish government imposed quota on tobacco harvests. The quota restrictions restrained the dweller's main income source dramatically, which caused a migration wave to cities in a pursuit of employment chances. _NEWLINE_Fig, grape, apple, pistachio, wheat, lentil, chick pea, barley are primary products harvested by Serefli farmers. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The village has been known as Şerefli since the foundation of Ottoman Empire (1259). The founders of the village were Turkic people belonging to Amini group of Karakecililer Turkmen Tribe who moved into the region with Seljuk forays. The neighboring village, Kizilhisar, was also founded by Amini group of Karakecililer Turkmen Tribe. _NEWLINE_The village community is very well-known for their loyalty to governments. As traditionally observed in Turkmen tribes, they have always unconditionally accepted and supported the central governments. The Ottoman Empire used this Turkmen village as an outpost to keep the other villages populated by the Kurds and other minorities under surveillance and control. Likewise, the village has maintained its firm stand against Kurdish separatist organization PKK since 1980. _NEWLINE_Turkish Army recruited the village's men as village guards in an effort to reinforce the army's anti-PKK campaign in the region. PKK threatened the village and plotted attacks for a couple of times. The Kurdish separatists considered Serefli village as a hostile base weakening their foothold in the region. Geographical and strategical knowledge of Serefli village guards boosted Turkish Armed Force's operations against the PKK which is listed as a terrorist organization by international authorities. PKK launched a night raid targeting the houses of village mukhtar (headman), mukhtar's brother, and the chief of village guards in the spring of 1991. Those targeted three households were accommodated by women, children, and civilians. The attacking PKK militants opened a barrage of gunfire by their AK47s, machine guns and sidearms. A hand grenade thrown into a house did not detonate. The assailants also attempted to launch a rocket propelled grenade but the reacting village guard's suppressive fire stopped them. PKK terrorists fled using the darkness of night as cover. One civilian woman was killed by PKK fire. _NEWLINE_Serefli village is also known for its people's willingness to enlist in Turkish Armed Forces. Majority of Serefli men choose military and law enforcing careers. In Turkmen culture, one's forsaking his life for his country is considered to be holy, which is also known as martyrdom. Turkish Government entitles martyr title to the servicemen killed during military service. Specialist Sergeant Hakki Yildiz, a local Serefli man who chose military career, was entitled as martyr after he lost his life in a firefight against PKK in Bingol-Genc. _NEWLINE_Serefli people take pride in their patriotism and state loyalty despite the threats and pressure from surrounding ethnic fractions. _START_SECTION_ Politics _START_PARAGRAPH_ Serefli ballot boxes usually yield to center-right parties. The ruling political party, AKP, has received the majority of the votes in elections since 2003. ANAP, MHP, DYP, and DP were the other popular political parties before AKP. Majority of Serefli dwellers supported the military coup done by General Kenan Evren on 12 September 1982. _NEWLINE_Votes for liberal democrat parties and pro-Kurdish parties are not uncommon, either. _START_SECTION_ Transport _START_PARAGRAPH_ Adiyaman province is served by an airport and a coach station. Shuttle buses connect Serefli village with Adiyaman Province's city center.

17781067086194069226

Q392080

_START_ARTICLE_ Škoda VOS _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1949 the plant at Mladá Boleslav assembled the last Škoda Superbs, large six-cylinder limousines evoking the style of American cars in the late 1930s. The authorities needed a more modern replacement and instructed Škoda to develop one. This was the car that would become the Škoda VOS. The letters VOS indicated a “special car for the government” in Czech or Slovak („Vládní Osobní Speciál"or „Vládny Osobný Špeciál“). _START_SECTION_ The car _START_PARAGRAPH_ The car went into production in 1950 with the coach builder (even then better known as a producer of buses) Karosa: final assembly took place at Škoda’s own plant. The form of the car was unremarkable, despite having been designed by Oldrich Meduna whose reputation till that point came from his work designing military tanks. The mechanical architecture was also conventional, with a front-mounted engine driving the rear wheels._NEWLINE_More remarkable, at least in terms of European cars of the time, was a large 5.2-litre engine delivering 120 PS (88 kW). The engine came from a Praga truck. Because of the weight of the armour plating, the standard car weighed nearly 4 tons, however. The top speed was restricted to 80 km/h (50 mph) on the orders of the interior ministry. A “Light-weight” version without all the armour plating was also listed._NEWLINE_Unusually for the time, the car was fitted with air-conditioning. However, the air conditioning mechanism occupied most of the space in the boot/trunk, and it became common for dignitaries moving by VOS to travel followed by a second car to carry luggage. _START_SECTION_ Celebrity connections _START_PARAGRAPH_ Famous owners included President Gottwald, Enver Hoxha, Zhu De, Ana Pauker and Mao Zedong._NEWLINE_Ana Pauker, the infamous female communist leader of the Romanian Workers' Party (later to become the Romanian Communist Party ) had a Škoda VOS built for running on tracks, reaching speeds of up to 115 km/h with a total weight of 5 tons. The model is now up for display in the train Station of Sinaia. The driver's secure wind shield is smashed after a supposed attempted attack on the lady also known as "Stalin with skirt" near the Roşiori Nord train station. _START_SECTION_ The end _START_PARAGRAPH_ Production of the VOS ended in 1952, by when 107 had been built. Škoda were not invited to replace the car, and the nation’s political elite switched their allegiance to the Tatra 603.

14704168458481845784

Q392634

_START_ARTICLE_ Šubši-mašrâ-Šakkan _START_SECTION_ The sources _START_PARAGRAPH_ A tablet recovered in Nippur lists grain rations given to the messenger of a certain Šubši-mašrâ-Šakkan during Nazi-Marrutaš’ fourth year (1304 BC). There is a court order found in Ur, dated to the sixteenth year of Nazi-Maruttaš (1292 BC), in which Šubši-mašrâ-šakkan is given the title šakin māti, lúGAR KUR, “governor of the country.” It is an injunction forbidding harvesting reeds from a certain river or canal._NEWLINE_The poetic work, Ludlul bēl nēmeqi, describes how the fortunes of Šubši-mašrâ-Šakkan, a rich man of high rank, turned one day. When beset by ominous signs, he incurred the wrath of the king, and seven courtiers plotted every kind of mischief against him. This resulted in him losing his property, “they have divided all my possessions among foreign riffraff,” friends, “my city frowns on me as an enemy; indeed my land is savage and hostile,” physical strength, “my flesh is flaccid, and my blood has ebbed away,” and health, as he relates that he “wallowed in my excrement like a sheep.” While slipping into and out of consciousness on his death bed, his family already conducting his funeral, Urnindinlugga, a kalû, or incantation priest, was sent by Marduk to presage his salvation. The work concludes with a prayer to Marduk. The text is written in the first person, leading some to speculate that the author was Šubši-mašrâ-Šakkan himself. Perhaps the only certainty is that the subject of the work, Šubši-mašrâ-Šakkan, was a significant historical person during the reign of Nazi-Maruttaš when the work was set. Of the fifty eight extant fragmentary copies of Ludlul bēl nēmeqi the great majority date to the neo-Assyrian and neo-Babylonian periods.

10405290830520577066

Q393061

_START_ARTICLE_ Żeby Polska była Polską _START_PARAGRAPH_ "Żeby Polska była Polską" (Let Poland be Poland, or – less commonly, For Poland to be Poland) is one of the best-known Polish protest songs written in 1976 by the Polish singer-songwriter Jan Pietrzak, with music by Włodzimierz Korcz. The song became an informal anthem of the Solidarity period in the People's Republic of Poland. From June 1976 protests against the Soviet-style communism imposed in Poland, all the way to the collapse of the Warsaw Pact in the 1990s, it was the symbol of the political opposition to the Communist regime. The song was widely popular among the members of Solidarity (NSZZ Solidarność), and won first-prize at the 1981 National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. It won the main prize at the 1981 National Festival of Polish Song in Opole. It is one of Pietrzak's best-known works. _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ As Jan Pietrzak notes, he rarely wrote such serious pieces, but he was motivated to do so in 1976, after the workers' protests in the Ursus factory. Music was composed by Włodzimierz Korcz, while an unconfirmed anecdote suggests that the title-phrase was coined by Agnieszka Osiecka._NEWLINE_Pietrzak performed the song at the stage of his own political Kabaret pod Egidą as an ending theme. When the censors forbade the Cabaret to do an encore of it, it became habitual that it was sung by the audience. It gained popularity in the following years, with people copying it on tape recorders, and – during the emergence of Solidarity in 1980, it was often played from the workers radio stations and internal speakers. In June 1981 Pietrzak performed the song at the 19th National Festival of Polish Song in Opole, winning first-prize awards for the "hit song of the season" and "the audience choice."_NEWLINE_The communist authorities tried to repress the song, which is one of the reasons why, despite numerous performances – some gathering thousands of people on the streets, all chanting – there are no recordings from that period. One of the largest public performances took place in Warsaw, at the crossroads of major streets (Aleje Jerozolimskie and Marszałkowska Street). For his support of the anti-communist opposition, Pietrzak was arrested in the aftermath of the introduction of the martial law in Poland in 1981. _START_SECTION_ Cultural significance _START_PARAGRAPH_ In spite of its mainly historical context, the song resonated with the millions of people in the communist Poland, particularly as a dream of freedom. It became one of the anthems of Solidarity. As Józef Tischner noted: "The solemn words of the song tell of the everlasting and indomitable Polish spirit". Eventually however it lost popularity, due to critical voices among some of the Solidarity advisors that the references contained in it were "nationalistic, chauvinistic and backward". Nonetheless the song is still popular, and is often performed to a standing audience._NEWLINE_The song inspired Ronald Reagan to name his own speech after it: Let Poland be Poland. He also presented Pietrzak with an engraved plaque bearing that title. The song was also quoted by Queen Elizabeth II during her speech in the Polish parliament.

7094942514859163864

Q1186069

_START_ARTICLE_ Žabokreky _START_PARAGRAPH_ Žabokreky is a village and municipality in Martin District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1282. _START_SECTION_ Geography _START_PARAGRAPH_ The municipality lies at an altitude of 426 metres and covers an area of 5.231 km². It has a population of about 1110 people.

14299447672775475042

Q4591979

_START_ARTICLE_ Əlirzalı _START_PARAGRAPH_ Əlirzalı is a village and municipality in the Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,006.

865964406238478061

Q278549

_START_ARTICLE_ Γ-convergence _START_SECTION_ Applications _START_PARAGRAPH_ An important use for \Gamma-convergence is in homogenization theory. It can also be used to rigorously justify the passage from discrete to continuum theories for materials, for example, in elasticity theory.

10845832248118813412

Q4544802

_START_ARTICLE_ (I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be) Free/One _START_SECTION_ Content _START_PARAGRAPH_ "(I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be) Free/One" is a cover song of Billy Taylor's "I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free" and U2's One.

1554136605247622772

Q42873

_START_ARTICLE_ .mn _START_SECTION_ Second top domain _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 2012 a new top domain was registered for Mongolia, intended for domain names in the local language. This top domain is .мон. Registrations for the domain opened in May 2014. The first site http://мон.мон became active during that month.

13398507928922255496

Q4545553

_START_ARTICLE_ 01 Gallery _START_PARAGRAPH_ 01 Gallery (or Zero One Gallery) is a contemporary art gallery located in downtown Los Angeles, California, U.S., founded by art dealer and curator John Pochna. The gallery is known for its contributions to the lowbrow art movement, as it frequently exhibits pieces with heavy graffiti and street art influences. In April 2007, Pochna partnered with Brandon Coburn, and Jim Ulrich._NEWLINE_Founded in 1980 and christened Zero Zero by Pochna, the gallery was originally an after hours bar in Melrose. The gallery's current name derives from a conceptual understanding of the creative process. As Kyle Lina explains, "Zero is when there's nothing--one when there's something. The space between the zero and the one is the creative act"._NEWLINE_Over time, 01 Gallery developed a long standing relationship with the Los Angeles punk community, as it has debuted bands such as The Screamers. As the gallery's clientele diversified, Pochna's aims for the gallery evolved. Pochna states, "[We're] not a punk rock gallery, not a graffiti art gallery, not a rebel gallery. Not any of those stupid names they used to call us."_NEWLINE_01 Gallery has been frequented by Los Angeles residents such as Raymond Pettibon, David Lee Roth, Tomata du Plenty and John Belushi. This diverse clientele has led 01 Gallery to be thought of as analogous to Andy Warhol's Factory. "Its eccentric mix of artists and patrons made it [Los Angeles'] answer to the Factory, though the creations were more 'lowbrow' than pop."_NEWLINE_The gallery opened with works by Robert Williams, Tomata du Plenty and Saber. It has also exhibited Anthony Ausgang, Raymond Pettibon, Gomez Bueno, Walter Robinson, Richard Hambleton, Futura 2000 and Fred Tomaselli._NEWLINE_Notable past curators include Walter Hopps and Carlo McCormick. _START_SECTION_ Trivia _START_PARAGRAPH_ Soon after the gallery's naissance, Pochna allowed the gallery's Melrose address to be used as a business address for an escort service in order to fund the gallery._NEWLINE_An exhibition at Zero One Gallery is documented in The Devil and Daniel Johnston. Pochna is interviewed in the film._NEWLINE_The gallery's Melrose space was rumored to be haunted by the ghosts of Joan Crawford, Rock Hudson, and Rita Hayworth.

4424235140612687189

Q162329

_START_ARTICLE_ 1. FC Mülheim _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Spielvereinigung Oberhausen und Styrum was established through the union of a number of local sports clubs including Styrumer Spielverein 08, Styrum 08 and Oberhausener Spielverein. An attempt to form a football side within the association led to the creation of an independent club, Erster Fußballclub Mülheim-Ruhr-Styrum, in July 1923. The team began play in the Westdeutschen Spielverband over the objections of its parent._NEWLINE_1. FC Mülheim-Styrum played lower-tier ball for much of the period leading up to World War II, advancing as far as second-tier play just before the conflict broke out. The team was able to carry on until 1943 when they suspended play due to the war. After the war, they became part of the Landesliga Niederrhein (III), and later the Verbandsliga Niederrhein (III), before disappearing into lower level play in 1958. They won promotion to the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) in 1971, capturing the title there that same season. A successful promotion playoff put the team through to the Regionalliga West (II). After the 1973–74 season, German football was restructured; the second tier 2. Bundesliga was introduced and the Regionalligen replaced by the Amateuroberligen (III). Mülheim's fourth place result was not good enough to qualify the team for the new second division circuit, but they were still able to join the 2. Bundesliga-Nord when Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin refused the promotion they had earned through their third place finish in the Regionalliga Berlin (II). The club changed its name to 1. FC Mülheim after the 1974–75 season and were sent down after a 17th place finish in their next campaign. That was followed by a 17th place finish in the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III) and relegation to lower tier competition. Despite these failures, they made appearances in the early rounds of the German Cup from 1975 to 1977. Mülheim has since suffered a steady decline and currently plays in the Kreisliga A(VIII) after relegation from the Bezirksliga in 2011.

6338455892367057804

Q3952215

_START_ARTICLE_ 103rd SS Heavy Panzer Battalion _START_SECTION_ Operational history _START_PARAGRAPH_ The unit was originally formed on 1 July 1943 as the II Battalion, 11th SS Panzer Regiment and sent to Yugoslavia to fight as infantry; however, at the end of November, the battalion was converted back to armoured._NEWLINE_The Battalion was then issued six Tiger I tanks in February for training, but then ordered to give them to another unit in March 1944. Another six Tiger Is arrived at the training grounds on 26 May and four more in August. On 20 October, all ten Tigers were given to the training unit and the 103rd was outfitted with the Tiger II before being ordered to the Eastern Front, as part of the III (Germanic) SS Panzer Corps._NEWLINE_On 14 November 1944 the unit was redesignated 503rd Heavy SS Panzer Battalion. It had a total of 39 (instead of the full complement of 45) Tiger IIs and was loaded onto trains on 27 January 1945, and sent to the Eastern Front in the Army Group Vistula sector. By 15 April 1945, the 503rd reported a total of 12 Tiger IIs, of which 10 were still operational. The 503rd ended the war fighting in the Battle of Berlin as part of Kampfgruppe Mohnke.

6094541433134128028

Q4546626

_START_ARTICLE_ 106.5 Central Radio _START_SECTION_ UTV _START_PARAGRAPH_ Central Radio launched on 25 September 2008. Following Ofcom relaxations on local programming requirements, the station began taking UTV Radio's networked evening and overnight shows in late March 2009. _NEWLINE_On 16 December 2009, it was announced by owners UTV Media that the station would be closing on Christmas Eve of that year (24 December) and the station's broadcasting licence returned to the UK broadcasting regulator, Ofcom. UTV cited the unfortunate launch of the station in the midst of a recession as a primary reason for the decision, and the station's consequent unprofitability. UTV did not anticipate the station becoming viable for the foreseeable future, saying:_NEWLINE_We won the licence against strong competition, but unfortunately had to launch the station in the middle of the worst recession in memory. We have been looking closely at the station’s viability and unfortunately given the economic climate we have taken the difficult decision to close the station. _START_SECTION_ Niocom _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 24 December 2009, the day that Central Radio was scheduled to close, it was announced that a buyer had been found, revealed to be competitor Niocom in January 2010. The company also operated the neighbouring Southport station Dune FM at the time of the sale. On 12 January 2010, the station co-emplaced and began to share resources with sister station Dune FM._NEWLINE_A month later, OFCOM granted permission for Central Radio to co-locate with sister station Dune FM in Southport. Programme management, production, administrative, engineering and management resources were to be shared between the two stations, but the programming on Central Radio remained editorially focused on the Preston, Leyland and Chorley areas._NEWLINE_In December 2010, Niocom sold Dune FM, and from 1 February 2011 the programming syndication ended with Central Radio becoming as a fully independent service. _START_SECTION_ UKRD _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 14 June 2011 it was announced that UKRD, owners of the 107 The Bee in neighbouring Blackburn had purchased the Central Radio licence and planned to merge the service with its East Lancashire station 107 The Bee. _NEWLINE_Three days later, Central Radio ceased broadcasting with Drivetime presenter - Leyland born Andy Hilbert - playing the final record, Unforgettable by Nat King Cole. On 1 July 2011, 106.5fm became a simulcast of The Bee but with local news and adverts.

5177961413393020547

Q16000534

_START_ARTICLE_ 1068 Near East earthquake _START_SECTION_ Geologic setting _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Dead Sea Transform is a 1,000 km (620 mi) transform fault that spans from the Red Sea in the south to the East Anatolian Fault in Turkey to the north. The southern extent of the DST is known as the Wadi Araba fault (after the Arabah valley). This portion of the DST runs 160 kilometers (99 mi) from north of Aqaba to south of the Dead Sea and has a slip rate of 4 ±2 mm per year. _START_SECTION_ Effects _START_PARAGRAPH_ The earthquake's effects were seen from as far north as Banyas (in the present day coastal region of Syria) to the Hejaz region of modern-day Saudi Arabia. The ancient city of Ayla, located at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba where modern Aqaba stands today, was destroyed. Paleoseismic investigations have revealed more than 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) of fault rupture, beginning just north of Eilat, that were dated between 900 and 1,000 years before present. A magnitude of at least 7.0 was presented based on the reported damage and the extent of the observed fault breaks._NEWLINE_Alarm was caused at Saint Catherine's Monastery on the Sinai Peninsula, and there was damage in the ancient city of Tinnis, but not farther to the west along the Egyptian coast in Alexandria. In Cairo the only damage was to a corner of the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As in Fustat. Seismologist Nicholas Ambraseys described one account of the effects at Ramallah as destructive and with a large loss of life (15,000 deaths, several hundred of which were boys at a school). He also expanded on the effects to the north in Banyas, where 100 were killed, and in Jerusalem, where the roof of the Dome of the Rock was "displaced and then returned to its former position". Those that were affected by the heavy damage in Ramallah apparently migrated to Jerusalem, which indicated to Ambraseys that the effects there were otherwise minimal. _START_SECTION_ Other events _START_PARAGRAPH_ In addition to the event in 1068, the southern portion of the DST has experienced three other historical events (all having an estimated magnitude of 6.5–7.0) with two in the northern section near the Dead Sea, and one closer to Aqaba. The event in 1212 caused significant damage to towns in the Arabah Valley as well as the destruction of a church on the Sinai Peninsula. In 1293, near the southern portion of the Dead Sea, an earthquake destroyed three towers of a castle and caused damage between the Dead Sea and Gaza. In 1458, another event again affected the southern Dead Sea area, this time causing a 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) left-lateral offset at the Tilah Castle. The castle was built across the fault during Roman or Byzantine times and the building that housed the water tank sustained the displacement.

8476896710728030158

Q17642693

_START_ARTICLE_ 10 Million People _START_SECTION_ Background and release _START_PARAGRAPH_ In early June 2014, Example intended to release "Seen You" as the album's fourth single. On 30 June, however, he stated that the fourth single would be "10 Million People". The EP features remixes from Kove, Critikal, Static Revenger, Mike Millrain and Eli & Fur as well as the album version of the song. The Kove remix was uploaded to UKF Music on 16 August._NEWLINE_Example has said that "'10 Million People' was written after watching a documentary on early 90s rave culture. I found this video online where they were interviewing people at an illegal rave. The guy with the microphone said to one of the revellers, 'Surely this whole rave thing is just a fad'. And the raver replied, 'Well 10 million people can't be wrong'." He also stated that the song feels "timeless" to him and is his favorite song on the album. _START_SECTION_ Music video _START_PARAGRAPH_ The singer confirmed on his Twitter page that the music video was filmed during his performance on the 2014 FIB Festival, hosted in Benicássim on 19 July. He uploaded the video onto his VEVO channel on 27 August 2014.

9856591215024422071

Q3522615

_START_ARTICLE_ 10th Lok Sabha _START_SECTION_ Maharashtra _START_PARAGRAPH_ (Plain Text Format) _NEWLINE_AhmednagarGENGadakh YeshawantraoMINC_NEWLINE_AkolaGENFundkar Pandurang PundlikMBJP_NEWLINE_AmravatiGENPratibha Devisinha Patil (W)FINC_NEWLINE_AurangabadGENMoreshwar SaveMSHS_NEWLINE_BaramatiGENAjit Annatrao PawarMINC_NEWLINE_BeedGENKshirsagar Kesharbai Sonajirao Alias Kaku (W)FINC_NEWLINE_BhandaraGENPraful Manohar Bhai PatelMINC_NEWLINE_Buldhana(SC)Wasnik Mukul BalkrishnaMINC_NEWLINE_ChandrapurGENPotdukhe ShantaramMINC_NEWLINE_ChimurGENMuttemwar Vilas BaburaoMINC_NEWLINE_Dahanu(ST)Damu Barku ShingdaMINC_NEWLINE_Dhule(ST)Chaure Bapu HariMINC_NEWLINE_ErandolGENPatil Vijay NavalMINC_NEWLINE_HingoliGENGundewar Vilasrao NagnathraoMSHS_NEWLINE_IchalkaranjiGENMane Balaso Alias Rajaram ShankarraoMINC_NEWLINE_JalgaonGENGunavant Rambhau SarodaMBJP_NEWLINE_JalnaGENAnkushrao TopeMINC_NEWLINE_KaradGENChavan Prithviraj DajishahebMINC_NEWLINE_KhedGENNavale Vidura VithobaMINC_NEWLINE_KolabaGENA.R. AntulayMINC_NEWLINE_KolhapurGENGaikwad Udaysingrao NanasahebMINC_NEWLINE_KopargaonGENKale Shankarrao DeoramMINC_NEWLINE_LaturGENPatil Shivraj VishwanathMINC_NEWLINE_Mgaon(ST)Kahandole Zamru MangluMINC_NEWLINE_Mumbai-NorthGENRam NaikMBJP_NEWLINE_Mumbai-North-CentralGENDighe Sharad ShankarMINC_NEWLINE_Mumbai-North-EastGENGuradas KamatMINC_NEWLINE_Mumbai-North-WestGENSunil DuttMINC_NEWLINE_Mumbai-SouthGENDeora MurliMINC_NEWLINE_Mumbai-South-CentralGENMohan RawaleMSHS_NEWLINE_NagpurGENMeghe Dattaji RaghobajiMINC_NEWLINE_NandedGENSuryakants Patil (W)FINC_NEWLINE_Nandurbar(ST)Gavit Manikrao HodalyaMINC_NEWLINE_NashikGENPawar Vasant NiwruttiMINC_NEWLINE_Osmanabad(SC)Kamble Arvind TulshiramMINC_NEWLINE_Pandharpur(SC)Thorat Sandipan BhagwanMINC_NEWLINE_ParbhaniGENDeshmukh Ashokrao AnandraoMSHS_NEWLINE_PuneGENAnna JoshiMBJP_NEWLINE_RajapurGENSudhir SawantMINC_NEWLINE_RamtekGENBhonsle Tejsingharao LaxmanraoMINC_NEWLINE_RatnagiriGENGovindram NikamMINC_NEWLINE_SangliGENPatil Prakashbapu VasantraoMINC_NEWLINE_SataraGENBhosale Prataprao BaburaoMINC_NEWLINE_SolapurGENSadul Dharmanna MondayyaMINC_NEWLINE_ThaneGENKapse Ramchandra GaneshMBJP_NEWLINE_WardhaGENGhangare Ramchandra MarotraoMCPM_NEWLINE_WashimGENAnantrao Vitthalrao DeshmukhMINC_NEWLINE_YavatmalGENUttamrao Deorao PatilMINC

13025625274058245752

Q4575256

_START_ARTICLE_ 1144 papal election _START_SECTION_ Election of Lucius II _START_PARAGRAPH_ Pope Celestine II died on 8 March 1144 at Rome, after a pontificate of only five months. The election of his successor took place in the shadow of this municipal revolution, which opposed the secular rule of the Pope. Celestine II was unable to recover full control over the city of Rome; in addition he had to face also the demands of the king Roger II of Sicily. This problem remained unresolved on his death, because he had refused to confirm the privileges granted to Roger by his predecessor Innocent II._NEWLINE_The cardinals present at Rome elected Cardinal Gerardo Caccianemici, priest of the titulus of S. Croce in Gerusalemme and former canon regular of S. Frediano di Lucca. The details concerning the place of the election or the exact date of electoral proceedings are not registered. Since the elect was chancellor of the Holy See and close collaborator of both Innocent II and Celestine II, it may be assumed that the cardinals wanted to continue their policy, friendly towards the Empire and hostile towards the king Roger. The elect took the name Lucius II and received episcopal consecration on 12 March 1144.

14110704839035485762

Q4547472

_START_ARTICLE_ 114th Armed Police Mobile Division _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ Originally the unit was the 111th Division of the North-East Army which fought against the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War, it was later transferred to the Eighth Route Army's Shandong Military Region, and then again to the North East People's Volunteer Army; the unit was redesignated the 114th on transfer to the 38th Army._NEWLINE_As the 114th, under the 38th Army, the division fought as part of the People's Volunteer Army (Chinese People's Volunteers (CPV) or Chinese Communist Forces (CCF)) during the Korean War with a standard strength of approximately 10,000 men. At that time it consisted of the 340th, 341st, and 342nd Regiments._NEWLINE_It fought the Turkish Brigade at the Battle of Wawon, November 27–29, 1950._NEWLINE_The formation remained for many years with the 38th Group Army in the Shenyang Military Region, as the 114th Mechanized Infantry Division. In 1996, as part of the reform of the People's Liberation Army in the 1990s the 114th (together with 13 other divisions, and some 500,000 personnel) was transferred to the People's Armed Police (PAP), becoming People's Armed Police Unit 8640, and the mechanized reserve of the PAP under the direct control of the PAP headquarters._NEWLINE_The 114th was chosen to represent the PAP during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade._NEWLINE_After the 2017 reform, the division was divided into two detachments (regiment-sized): the 5th Mobile Detachment (garrison Dingzhou, Hebei) and the 6th Mobile Detachment (garrison Baoding, Hebei) under the PAP 1st Mobile Corps.

8516206542449559685

Q4547528

_START_ARTICLE_ 115th Infantry Regiment (United States) _START_SECTION_ History _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 115th Infantry has long claimed lineage and honors that have not been recognized by the U.S. Army Center of Military history. The unit's official lineage and honors certificate only recognizes lineage extending back to 1881, while the regiment has traditionally held that it was descended from Cresap's Rifles, a company of infantry raised in 1775. The mismatch stems from a lineage system unique in the U.S. armed forces to the Army National Guard, which requires continuous militia presence in a particular community or, if a unit is moved, proof that the same members served in the unit at both locations. Because of a lack of support for militia units in the 1870s, many, including the First Maryland (predecessor to the 115th) ceased to exist as organized militia units. Army National Guard lineage rules state that any unit that becomes inactive has its lineage terminated, and that such lineage cannot be "resurrected," even if a unit with identical designation is later established. _START_SECTION_ Revolutionary War _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 115th Infantry claims lineage back to the earliest militia units formed to protect the frontier of western Maryland. The birthdate of the unit, 14 June 1775, is also the birthdate of the United States Army. The first two companies to leave Maryland were assembled in Frederick in the summer of 1775 under the command of Captains Cresap and Price; they were organized in response to the Continental Congress' call to active duty. They left Frederick in August and marched 551 miles (887 km) in 21 days to report to General Washington in September to support Washington's efforts to drive the British out of Boston. These personnel later became part of the 1st Maryland Regiment, "Maryland 400" or "Maryland Line," who repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island, sustaining heavy casualties, but allowing General Washington to successfully evacuate the bulk of his troops to Manhattan. This action is commemorated in Maryland's nickname, the "Old Line State." _START_SECTION_ 1880s to 1910s _START_PARAGRAPH_ A direct descendant of this regiment was organized 29 September 1881 as the First Battalion of Infantry, Maryland Army National Guard, from existing independent companies at Hagerstown and Frederick, Maryland. This is the date of organization officially recognized as the start of the regiment's lineage by the U.S. Army. It was expanded and redesignated First Regiment of Infantry on 7 May 1886 by the consolidation of the First Battalion of Infantry with several more independent companies of infantry throughout the state._NEWLINE_The unit mustered into federal service 11 May 1898 as the First Maryland Infantry Regiment, U.S. Volunteers, and was assigned to the Second Army Corps during the Spanish–American War. The regiment was mustered out of Federal Service 15 March 1899 without serving outside the continental United States. On 28 June 1916 the regiment was again called into active service and saw duty at Eagle Pass, Texas during the Mexican Border Incident. Two of the battalion commanders who served during this period were Majors Milton A. Reckord (future Adjutant General, State of Maryland) and D. John Markey (future regimental commander). The unit was mustered out of federal service on 4 November 1916. _START_SECTION_ First World War _START_PARAGRAPH_ In October 1917, while at Camp McClellan, Alabama, the First Maryland was consolidated with the Fourth and Fifth Maryland Infantry Regiments to form the 115th Infantry Regiment. The 115th became one of the four regiments brought together into the 29th Infantry Division, which was formed in July 1917, at Sea Girt, New Jersey. The division wasn't even a year old when it received its baptism of fire in France. Company K, 115th, was the first unit in the 29th Division to engage the enemy when it repelled a German raid in July 1918._NEWLINE_During the Meuse-Argonne offensive they would fight for 21 straight days, moving over 6 miles (9.7 km), throwing back elements of six enemy divisions, and suffering a staggering 4,781 casualties in the process. After the Armistice was signed, the Twenty-Ninth Division was brought home in July 1919 and dissipated. The 1st Battalion, 115th Infantry, is authorized two campaign streamers for its service in World War I: one for Alsace and one for Meuse-Argonne. The next time the division would be reformed was for the maneuvers in 1936._NEWLINE_Following the First World War, the regiments returned to state status and assumed their previous designations, First Maryland and Fifth Maryland (the Fourth Regiment was not re-established after the war). _START_SECTION_ Second World War _START_PARAGRAPH_ On 3 February 1941, the First Maryland Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard, was inducted into federal service as the 115th Infantry Regiment at Frederick, Maryland as part of the second partial mobilization of the National Guard for World War II, and then moved to Fort George G. Meade on 18 February 1941 to join the 29th Infantry Division. The regiment completed in-processing, traded in its equipment for modern equipment, and started to repeat its division level training. It was then transferred to the A.P. Hill Military Reservation on 22 April 1942 to participate in maneuvers, and then moved to the Carolina Maneuvers to participate in large unit maneuvers on 8 July 1942. It then moved on to Camp Blanding to fill its empty personnel slots on 19 August 1942, and then staged at Camp Kilmer on 20 September 1942, and shipped out from the New York Port of Embarkation on 5 October 1942 on the RMS Queen Mary and RMS Queen Elizabeth. They arrived in England on 11 October 1942, and then were attached to the 1st Infantry Division in preparation for the D-Day invasion. They moved with the 1st Infantry Division from 2 June 1944, and remained with 1st Infantry Division until 7 June 1944, when they returned to the 29th Infantry Division for further operations. Their participation in the Normandy Campaign continued until it was over on 24 July 1944. They immediately moved into the Northern France Campaign on 25 July 1944, which continued until it was over on 14 September 1944._NEWLINE_During this period the 115th Infantry Regiment was engaged in one of the war's forgotten chapters, "The Battle of Brest". The Battle for Brest was one of the fiercest battles fought during Operation Cobra, the Allied breakout of Normandy which began on 27 July 1944, during the Battle of Normandy during World War II._NEWLINE_Part of the Allied plan for the invasion of mainland Europe called for the capture of port facilities, in order to ensure the timely delivery of the enormous amount of war material required to supply the invading Allied forces (it was estimated that the 37 Allied divisions to be on the continent by September 1944 would need 26,000 tons of supplies each day). The main port the Allied forces hoped to seize and put into their service was Brest, in northwestern France._NEWLINE_Brest also served as a major German U-Boat base from 18 June 1940 until its surrender to U.S. forces during the Brittany Campaign._NEWLINE_Officers from the 115th Regimental Combat Team of the 29th Infantry Division (Photo Taken September 1944). From Left to Right; Lt Col John P. Cooper (110th Field Artillery); Capt William Bruning; Lt Col Louis Smith; Major Glover Johns (VMI class of 1931); Major Anthony Miller, Jr.; Major Harold Perkins; Major Randolph Millholland; Major William Bratton._NEWLINE_Generalmajor Hans von der Mosel, Konteradmiral Otto Kähler and Generalmajor Hans Kroh surrender at Brest._NEWLINE_The 115th Infantry then started participation in the Rhineland Campaign on 15 September 1944, whereupon the 115th Infantry crossed from France to Belgium and the Netherlands both on 27 September 1944, and entered Germany on 30 September 1944._NEWLINE_This campaign continued unabated until 21 March 1945, and the 115th Infantry did not take part in the Ardennes Campaign. With the end of the Rhineland Campaign, the 115th Infantry moved to the Central Europe Campaign on 22 March 1945, which continued until the end of Hostilities, which took place on 8 May 1945, but the campaign was not declared terminated until 11 May 1945._NEWLINE_The 115th Infantry was on occupation duty at Bremen, Germany on VE Day, and this continued through 1946. The regiment returned to the New York Port of Embarkation on 16 January 1946, and mustered out at Camp Kilmer the next day._NEWLINE_The 115th Regiment sustained 5,948 casualties during the fighting in Europe. Campaign streamers for Normandy (with arrowhead), North France, Rhineland, and Central Europe were added to the colors. Additional decorations included a distinguished unit streamer embroidered "St. Laurent-Sur-Mer," a streamer in the colors of the French Croix du Guerre with palms embroidered "St. Laurent-Sur-Mer," and, for the First Battalion, a streamer in the colors of the French Croix du Guerre with Silver Star embroidered "St. Lo." _START_SECTION_ Post-war to present _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the war the 29th Infantry Division came home; however, unlike the end of World War I, the division was retained as a National Guard division. In 1968, due to changing requirements, the division's colors were retired and its elements broken up into separate brigades. The 115th became part of the 28th Division, the Keystone Division of Pennsylvania. Later the 1–115th and other Maryland units were organized into the 58th Infantry Brigade, whose units were located entirely in Maryland._NEWLINE_In 1984 requirements changed again, prompting the reactivation of the 29th Infantry Division as a new, streamlined "Light" Infantry Division, ready to meet the demands of an ever-changing national defense, now and into the 21st century. The division was reactivated on 5 Oct 1985, and included the 115th and other historic regiments from Maryland and Virginia. As part of this reactivation, the 58th Infantry Brigade became the 3rd Brigade, 29th Infantry Division. Elements of the brigade included the 1st and 2nd Battalions, 115th Infantry._NEWLINE_In October 2001, in the aftermath of terrorist attacks on the continental United States, the battalions of the 115th were called to active federal service as part of Operation Noble Eagle. The 115th carried out critical security duties, protecting US federal installations from threats to the national security._NEWLINE_On 6 January 2005, Company B, 1–115th Infantry, mobilized again for active duty as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. They were assigned as part of the 48th Infantry Brigade (Mechanized), based in Georgia, for this operation. They spent a year in Iraq. For the first 5 months they conducted operations in a town called Saba Al boor north of Baghdad that had a population of between 50,000 and 65,000. Saba Al Boor's population was half Sunni and Shia. B Co 1/115th was the main effort for Task Force 2/70th Armor which is an active duty unit from Ft. Riley, Kansas. B Co conducted raids, counter IED ambushes, air assaults, cordon and searches as well as combined patrols with the Iraqi Army. For the remaining 7 months they performed convoy security operations out of the Marine base at Al Asad. These convoy security missions included missions to country of Jordan, the Iraqi towns of Rawa, Hit, and al Taqaddum. During B Co's time conducting convoy security operations they were able to reduce the rate of losses from 11% of escorted equipment and supplies that was suffered by the unit previously conducting the mission to less than 2%._NEWLINE_In the beginning of 2006, the elements of the 115th were reorganized, along with the rest of the 3rd Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, as part of the 58th Infantry Brigade Combat Team. In August 2006 the colors for the 115th Infantry Regiment were cased and its lineage consolidated (merged) with that of the 175th Infantry Regiment (Fifth Maryland)._NEWLINE_Since 2003 the heritage of the regiment lives on along Route 15 through Maryland, where the Maryland Senate dedicated it as the 115th Infantry Regiment Memorial Highway.

8824424366108616713

Q2075023

_START_ARTICLE_ 13 (Doors album) _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ 13 was a project instigated by Elektra Records, who wanted product from the band for the Christmas season, to which the band reluctantly agreed. Morrison even agreed to shave off his beard for the album cover's photo shoot, but the label opted for a younger photo of the singer, which they had also done for the group's live album Absolutely Live, released in July of that year. As author Danny Sugerman observed in his memoir of the band, No One Here Gets Out Alive, "Elektra obviously wanted the 'pretty' Jim Morrison." Morrison's image is also much larger than those of guitarist Robby Krieger, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, and drummer John Densmore, and Sugerman noted that, "Although Ray, Robby, and John had become accustomed to the attention directed towards their lead singer, it upset Jim." The album's back cover features the band posing with what is believed to be a small bust of occultist Aleister Crowley. _START_SECTION_ Critical reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ In a contemporary review in 1971, music critic Dave Marsh wrote that although the album does indeed contain "thirteen classic songs," it fails to deliver on any purpose other than compiling the most radio-friendly hits in one place. Marsh added that "no magnum opuses" were included in the collection. "No 'The End', no 'When the Music's Over', no 'Soft Parade'... [it] would have been decidedly uncommercial to have them included here... Of course 'Five to One' isn't here; funny thing, outside of 'Unknown Soldier' none of the Doors' more controversial subject matter is included."

13385216954358984432

Q3597402

_START_ARTICLE_ 13 Washington Square _START_SECTION_ Preservation _START_PARAGRAPH_ A copy of 13 Washington Square is housed at UCLA Film and Television Archive and the Library of Congress.

4736605699969300685

Q4550073

_START_ARTICLE_ 14th Punjab Regiment _START_SECTION_ Early history _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 14th Punjab Regiment was formed in 1922 by amalgamation of the 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd and 24th Punjabis, and the 40th Pathans. All six battalions were formed during the upheaval of the Indian Mutiny in 1857-58. The first five were raised by John Lawrence in the Punjab, while the 40th Pathans were raised as the Shahjehanpur Levy. The 20th and 22nd Punjabis served in China during the Second Opium War in 1860-62, while the 21st Punjabis participated in the Abyssinian Campaign of 1867-68. All battalions saw extensive service on the North West Frontier of India and took part in the Second Afghan War of 1878-80. The 20th Punjabis served in Egypt during the Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882. After the war, they were designated as the Duke of Cambridge's Own, when the duke became their honorary colonel. In 1900, they returned to China along with the 24th Punjabis to suppress the Boxer Rebellion. The 40th Pathans, who were for some time an exclusively Pathan unit, were sent to Tibet in 1904 as reinforcements for the Younghusband Expedition. _START_SECTION_ Battle honours _START_PARAGRAPH_ Taku Forts, Pekin 1860, China 1860-62, Abyssinia, Ali Masjid, Ahmad Khel, Kandahar 1880, Afghanistan 1878-80, Tel-el-Kebir, Egypt 1882, Malakand, Punjab Frontier, Pekin 1900, China 1900,_NEWLINE_Ypres 1915, St Julien, Aubers, France and Flanders 1915, Macedonia 1918, Suez Canal, Egypt 1915, Megiddo, Sharon, Nablus, Palestine 1918, Basra, Shaiba, Kut al Amara 1915, Ctesiphon, Defence of Kut al Amara, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Khan Baghdadi, Mesopotamia 1914-18, Merv, Persia 1915-19, NW Frontier, India 1915, ’17, Narungombe, East Africa 1916-18, Afghanistan 1919, Agordat, Keren, Wolchefit, Abyssinia 1940-41, Defence of Alamein Line, Alam el Halfa, North Africa 1940-43, Jitra, Kampar, Singapore Island, Malaya 1941-42, Hong Kong, South East Asia 1941-42, The Yu, North Arakan, Buthidaung, Razabil, Maungdaw, Ngakyedauk Pass, Imphal, Shenam Pass, Nungshigum, Bishenpur, Kanglatongbi, Kohima, Jessami, Naga Village, Mao Songsang, Monywa 1945, Kyaukse 1945, Nyaungu Bridgehead, Letse, Magwe, Rangoon Road, Pegu 1945, Sittang 1945, Burma 1942-45,_NEWLINE_Kashmir 1948.

15957131710777646424

Q3597633

_START_ARTICLE_ 1633 (novel) _START_SECTION_ Premise _START_PARAGRAPH_ The series begins in the Modern era on May 31, 2000, during a small town wedding when the small West Virginia town of Grantville trades places in both time and geographic location with a nearly unpopulated countryside region within the Holy Roman Empire during the convulsions of the Thirty Years' War._NEWLINE_Flint's goal was to explore the short- and long-term effects of placing a single American town, complete with modern culture, technology and modes of thought, in certain periods of history._NEWLINE_The town elects the charismatic former pro-boxer Mike Stearns as president, and he quickly decides to provide refuge for those displaced as a result of the constant fighting, to branch out and grow as quickly as possible—to launch the American Revolution "150 years early", and found a "New United States". The Grantvillers undertake to defend south central Thuringia with the aid of a cavalry detachment from king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden's Green Regiment, and fights several battles which convince various polities to join the NUS._NEWLINE_By early 1632, their informal alliance with Gustavus and with Jews, their manufacturing capabilities, and their defeats of Catholic armies draws serious and well-designed concerted efforts to attack the "republican cancer" growing in Thuringia, and Grantville itself is attacked, teaching Stearns that he needs a protector to "buy time", even as the "up-timers" have determined that to retain as much technology as possible they need to "gear down" to a late nineteenth-century technology base while their modern equipment is still operable. _START_SECTION_ Plot summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ 1633 continues where 1632 left off. Most of the novel details various political machinations of the new "United States" and the attempts of Cardinal Richelieu to nullify the threat posed by the technological advantage the up-timers have given to Gustavus Adolphus and his "Confederated Principalities of Europe". Richelieu completely changes France's foreign policy and forms an alliance aimed squarely at the NUS and Gustavus called the League of Ostend. Mike Stearns sends emissaries looking for allies, some of whom end up behind enemy lines as they already belong to the secret League of Ostend, which announces its presence in the Battle of Four Fleets. The Dutch Republic nearly falls and Stearns' emissary voluntarily stays behind, becoming trapped in the Siege of Amsterdam._NEWLINE_At this point, the newly created timeline start to diverge greatly from the actual history of the 17th Century, in no small part because the news of a town from the future brought spies and emissaries, and a fair number of encyclopedias and history textbooks found their way into European courts. One theme of the series is of down-timer leaders trying to change, hasten or head off their histories while the acts of ordinary citizens going about their day-to-day affairs and of the leaders of Grantville effect more fundamental societal and political changes. _START_SECTION_ A mix of methodology _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the series the major novels carry the majority of internationally significant events, but the characters who perform the action are all too likely to have been introduced in one of the ground-eye view short stories which build deep background and form a backdrop for the overarching story lines. Flint is on record of stating "history is messy" but is not the stuff of the linear narrative cleaned up, categorized and written into a history book—and that he wanted to capture some sense of how individual actions on the behalf of one's own self-interest actually form the essence of history, not some idealized superman controlling the throttle and steering wheel at the heart of changing events._NEWLINE_To a great extent, the short stories are fundamental to the main novels in the series, introducing characters and development which play again later in the longer works. Much of writing in Ring of Fire (ROF) antedated this work, and events in this novel were correlated with the stories in that which in many cases, cover events and personalities referenced in this at the least, moreover, there is not a single story in the anthology which happens after the start of this book, they all take place ahead of its exposition._NEWLINE_One ROF story, "In the Navy", by Weber is a direct prequel to a main plot element in this book and its plot threads' direct sequel 1634: The Baltic War. _START_SECTION_ Characters in "1633" _START_PARAGRAPH_ List of 1632 characters (fictional) _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ Publishers Weekly gives a positive review and praised the authors, Flint "for at showing how the new converts can make even the 'old Americans' uncomfortable in their zeal to achieve the blessings of 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,'" while Weber "helps smooth out characters who were stereotypes in the first book."_NEWLINE_Booklist gave a mostly positive review saying that "if it takes too many pages for some, others will turn every one and cry for more, which the authors intend to provide."_NEWLINE_The reviewer for the School Library Journal wrote that the book is "cleanly written, with an enormous cast of interesting characters...with constant action and the hint of danger."_NEWLINE_Library Journal gave a positive review saying that the authors "take historic speculation to a new level in a tale that combines accurate historical research with bold leaps of the imagination."_NEWLINE_1633 was listed on the Locus (magazine) Hardcovers Bestsellers List for three months in a row during 2002, topping at number 2, and also later on the Paperbacks Bestsellers List for a single month in 2003 at number 1.

5082413472339078656

Q144607

_START_ARTICLE_ 1842 Hynek _START_SECTION_ Orbit and classification _START_PARAGRAPH_ Hynek is member of the Flora family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,246 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic._NEWLINE_First identified as 1928 DE at Heidelberg, the asteroid's observation arc begins with its first used observation taken at Lowell Observatory in 1929, when it was identified as 1929 SO, nearly 43 years prior to its official discovery observation at Hamburg. _START_SECTION_ Physical characteristics _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the Tholen classification, Hynek is characterized as a common S-type asteroid. _START_SECTION_ Rotation period _START_PARAGRAPH_ In July 2007, the so-far best rated rotational lightcurve of Hynek was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.9410 hours with a brightness variation of 0.17 magnitude (U=3). _START_SECTION_ Diameter and albedo _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Hynek measures between 7.996 and 9.31 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.28 of 0.300._NEWLINE_The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.80 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.41. _START_SECTION_ Naming _START_PARAGRAPH_ This minor planet was named after Hynek Kohoutek, the father of the discoverer, celebrating his 70th birthday. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1974 (M.P.C. 3757).

10337050457569259146

Q16934623

_START_ARTICLE_ 1863 Queensland colonial election _START_PARAGRAPH_ Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland between 30 May 1863 and 27 June 1863 to elect the members of the state's Legislative Assembly. _START_SECTION_ Key dates _START_PARAGRAPH_ Due to problems of distance and communications, it was not possible to hold the elections on a single day.

16387098807968033989

Q60526758

_START_ARTICLE_ 1877 City of Wellington by-election _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1877 City of Wellington by-election was a by-election held in the multi-member City of Wellington electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament, on 27 March 1877._NEWLINE_The by-election was caused by the resignation of one of the two incumbent MPs, Edward Pearce, and led to his replacement by William Travers.

17023459503110684149

Q2450933

_START_ARTICLE_ 1888 Dutch general election _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ This was the first election held after the constitutional revision of 1887, achieved by Minister of the Interior Jan Heemskerk, which had several effects on the parliamentary system. Firstly, this revision fixed the number of seats in the House of Representatives at 100. Secondly, it abolished multi-seat electoral districts except in large cities in favour of single-seat districts, thus allowing for better representation of geographically concentrated political minorities. Thirdly, the revision ensured all members of the House of Representatives would be elected simultaneously every four years, replacing the previous system of staggered elections. Finally, the change greatly extended suffrage and allowed for gradual further extension by law._NEWLINE_The election was won by the confessional parties, leading to the first Coalition government, combining Anti-Revolutionaries and Catholics, led by Æneas, Baron Mackay, thus heralding a period of Antithesis as championed by Abraham Kuyper, in which government alternated between secular liberals on the left and confessional Anti-Revolutionaries and Catholics on the right. The election also saw the first socialist elected into the House of Representatives, with Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis, leader of the Social Democratic League, being elected in a rural Frisian district.

18157435567258311276

Q699168

_START_ARTICLE_ 1888 United States presidential election _START_SECTION_ Candidates gallery _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 5th Prohibition Party National Convention assembled in Tomlinson Hall in Indianapolis, Indiana. There were 1,029 delegates from all but three states._NEWLINE_Clinton B. Fisk was nominated for president unanimously. John A. Brooks was nominated for vice-president._NEWLINE_The Prohibition ticket of Fisk and Brooks went on to capture a quarter-million popular votes as the prohibition movement gained steam. _START_SECTION_ United Labor Party nomination _START_PARAGRAPH_ The United Labor Party National Convention assembled in the Grand Opera House in Cincinnati, Ohio. About 90 delegates attended. The party was founded to foster Henry George's single tax movement._NEWLINE_The convention was held at the same time and city as the Union Labor Party. An effort to run a joint ticket failed._NEWLINE_The United Labor Party convention nominated Robert H. Cowdrey for president on the first ballot. W.H.T. Wakefield of Kansas was nominated for vice-president over Victor H. Wilder from New York by a margin of 50–12. _START_SECTION_ Greenback Party _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Greenback Party was in decline throughout the entire Cleveland administration. In the election of 1884, the party failed to win any House seats outright, although they did win one seat in conjunction with Plains States Democrats (James B. Weaver) and a handful of other seats by endorsing the Democratic nominee. In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets. Again, Weaver was the party's only victor. Much of the Greenback news in early 1888 took place in Michigan, where the party remained active._NEWLINE_In early 1888, it was not clear if the Greenback Party would hold another national convention. The fourth Greenback Party National Convention assembled in Cincinnati on May 16, 1888. So few delegates attended that no actions were taken. On August 16, 1888, George O. Jones, chairman of the national committee, called a second session of the national convention. The second session of the national convention met in Cincinnati on September 12, 1888. Only seven delegates attended. Chairman Jones issued an address criticizing the two major parties, and the delegates made no nominations._NEWLINE_With the failure of the convention, the Greenback Party ceased to exist. _START_SECTION_ American Party nomination _START_PARAGRAPH_ The American Party held its third and last National Convention in Grand Army Hall in Washington, DC. This was an Anti-Masonic party that ran under various party labels in the northern states._NEWLINE_When the convention assembled, there were 126 delegates; among them were 65 from New York and 15 from California. Delegates from the other states bolted the convention when it appeared that New York and California intended to vote together on all matters and control the convention. By the time the presidential balloting began, there were only 64 delegates present._NEWLINE_The convention nominated James L. Curtis from New York for president and James R. Greer from Tennessee for vice-president. Greer declined to run, so Peter D. Wigginton of California was chosen as his replacement. _START_SECTION_ Equal Rights Party nomination _START_PARAGRAPH_ The second Equal Rights Party National Convention assembled in Des Moines, Iowa. At the convention, mail-in ballots were counted. The delegates cast 310 of their 350 ballots for the following ticket: Belva A. Lockwood for president and Alfred H. Love for vice-president._NEWLINE_Love was later replaced with Charles S. Wells NY. _START_SECTION_ Industrial Reform Party nomination _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Industrial Reform Party National Convention assembled in Grand Army Hall, Washington, DC. There were 49 delegates present._NEWLINE_Albert Redstone won the endorsement of some leaders of the disintegrating Greenback Party. He told the Montgomery Advertiser that he would carry several states, including Alabama, New York, North Carolina, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri. _START_SECTION_ Issues _START_PARAGRAPH_ Cleveland set the main issue of the campaign when he proposed a dramatic reduction in tariffs in his annual message to Congress in December 1887. Cleveland contended that the tariff was unnecessarily high and that unnecessary taxation was unjust taxation. The Republicans responded that the high tariff would protect American industry from foreign competition and guarantee high wages, high profits, and high economic growth._NEWLINE_The argument between protectionists and free traders over the size of the tariff was an old one, stretching back to the Tariff of 1816. In practice, the tariff was practically meaningless on industrial products, since the United States was the low-cost producer in most areas (except woolens), and could not be undersold by the less efficient Europeans. Nevertheless, the tariff issue motivated both sides to a remarkable extent._NEWLINE_Besides the obvious economic dimensions, the tariff argument also possessed an ethnic dimension. At the time, the policy of free trade was most strongly promoted by the British Empire, and so any political candidate who ran on free trade instantly was under threat of being labelled pro-British and antagonistic to the Irish-American voting bloc. Cleveland neatly neutralized this threat by pursuing punitive action against Canada (which, although autonomous, was still part of the British Empire) in a fishing rights dispute._NEWLINE_Harrison was well-funded by party activists and mounted an energetic campaign by the standards of the day, giving many speeches from his front porch in Indianapolis that were covered by the newspapers. Cleveland adhered to the tradition of presidential candidates not campaigning, and forbade his cabinet from campaigning as well, leaving his 75-year-old vice-presidential candidate Thurman as the spearhead of his campaign. _START_SECTION_ Blocks of Five _START_PARAGRAPH_ William Wade Dudley (1842–1909), an Indianapolis lawyer, was a tireless campaigner and prosecutor of Democratic election frauds. In 1888, Benjamin Harrison made Dudley Treasurer of the Republican National Committee. The campaign was the most intense in decades, with Indiana dead even. Although the National Committee had no business meddling in state politics, Dudley wrote a circular letter to Indiana's county chairmen, telling them to "divide the floaters into Blocks of Five, and put a trusted man with the necessary funds in charge of these five, and make them responsible that none get away and that all vote our ticket." Dudley promised adequate funding. His pre-emptive strike backfired when Democrats obtained the letter and distributed hundreds of thousands of copies nationwide in the last days of the campaign. Given Dudley's unsavory reputation, few people believed his denials. A few thousand "floaters" did exist in Indiana—men who would sell their vote for $2. They always divided 50-50 (or perhaps, $5,000-$5,000) and had no visible impact on the vote. The attack on "blocks of five" with the suggestion that pious General Harrison was trying to buy the election did enliven the Democratic campaign, and it stimulated the nationwide movement to replace ballots printed and distributed by the parties with secret ballots. _START_SECTION_ Murchison letter _START_PARAGRAPH_ A California Republican named George Osgoodby wrote a letter to Sir Lionel Sackville-West, the British ambassador to the United States, under the assumed name of "Charles F. Murchison," describing himself as a former Englishman who was now a California citizen and asked how he should vote in the upcoming presidential election. Sir Lionel wrote back and in the "Murchison letter" indiscreetly suggested that Cleveland was probably the best man from the British point of view._NEWLINE_The Republicans published this letter just two weeks before the election, where it had an effect on Irish-American voters exactly comparable to the "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" blunder of the previous election: Cleveland lost New York and Indiana (and as a result, the presidency). Sackville-West was removed as British ambassador. _START_SECTION_ In popular culture _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1968 the Michael P. Antoine Company produced the Walt Disney Company musical film The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band which centers around the election of 1888 and the annexing and subdividing of the Dakota Territory into states (which was a major issue of the election).

16469160507668960350

Q19545512

_START_ARTICLE_ 1904 Italian general strike _START_PARAGRAPH_ In September 1904, the first general strike in Italy took place._NEWLINE_The strike was called by the Chambers of Labor in several cities in response to several killings of striking workers, culminating in the shooting of a miner in Buggerru, Sardinia. Participation was strongest in the north and the Po Valley. The government headed by Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti ordered local authorities to intervene as little as possible, predicting that the strike would die down on its own, which it did. Nevertheless, it shook public confidence in the strength of the state and the middle class's support for Giolitti.

18194244855476454734

Q1050434

_START_ARTICLE_ 1907–08 Nemzeti Bajnokság I _START_PARAGRAPH_ Statistics of Nemzeti Bajnokság I in the 1907/1908 season. _START_SECTION_ Overview _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was contested by 9 teams, and MTK Hungária FC won the championship.

1277817394565470240

Q5090244

_START_ARTICLE_ 1911 Cheltenham by-election _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Cheltenham by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

16557881074940372112

Q4560385

_START_ARTICLE_ 1917 Stanley Cup Finals _START_SECTION_ Paths to the Finals _START_PARAGRAPH_ Seattle won the PCHA title after finishing the 1916–17 regular season in first place with a 16–8 record. Meanwhile, Montreal advanced to the final series after narrowly defeating the Ottawa Senators, 7–6, in a two-game total-goals playoff series to end the 1916–17 NHA season. _START_SECTION_ Seattle Metropolitans 1917 Stanley Cup champions _START_PARAGRAPH_ Several of the Metropolitans had won the Stanley Cup together on the 1914 Toronto Blueshirts: Jack Walker had been playing coach of Toronto, with Eddie Carpenter (a substitute with Toronto), Frank Foyston, Hap Holmes and Cully Wilson.

4916017364331161609

Q4561304

_START_ARTICLE_ 1922–23 Northern Rugby Football League season _START_SECTION_ Season summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ Pre-season the Northern Rugby Football Union decided to drop the 'Union' in favour of 'League' and the first annual conference of the League is held at Keswick._NEWLINE_Hull Kingston Rovers moved from their Craven Street ground to Craven Park at the eastern end of Holderness Road this season. Their first game against Wakefield Trinity on 2 September ended in a 3-0 defeat._NEWLINE_Wigan Highfield joined the League._NEWLINE_Hull Kingston Rovers won their first ever Championship when they defeated Huddersfield 15-5 in the play-off final._NEWLINE_Hull F.C. had finished the regular season as the league leaders and were the first in that position not to contend a play-off final._NEWLINE_The Challenge Cup was won by Leeds when they defeated Hull F.C. 28-3 in the final._NEWLINE_Wigan won the Lancashire League, and Hull F.C. won the Yorkshire League. Wigan beat Leigh 20–2 to win the Lancashire Cup, and York beat Batley 5–0 to win the Yorkshire County Cup.

4499868660562680632

Q4562083

_START_ARTICLE_ 1927 National Challenge Cup _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1927 National Challenge Cup was the annual open cup held by the United States Football Association now known as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.

7622179058156478355

Q10685534

_START_ARTICLE_ 1932–33 Svenska mästerskapet (men's handball) _START_SECTION_ Champions _START_PARAGRAPH_ International footballer Sven Rydell was a member of the winning team. The following players for Redbergslids IK received a winner's medal: K.G Andersson, "Daggy" Karlsson, Bengt Åberg, Torsten Andersson, Ingvald Carlsson, Tage Sjöberg, Sven Rydell, Sven Åblad and Arne Kinell.

235449158982022581

Q4502042

_START_ARTICLE_ 1932 armed uprising in Mongolia _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ In late 1928, the government of the Mongolian People's Republic and the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party had begun to implement the 'left policy' aimed at the quick introduction of socialism. Private trade and private transport were forbidden, at the same time Mongolia's livestock economy was to be collectivized, the feudal nobles were expropriated, the Buddhist church was targeted by excessive taxes, lamas were transferred to secular life, and many monasteries forcibly closed. The state-sponsored transport and trade organizations were not at all able to replace the old, private-owned networks, and neglect and mismanagement in the newly founded collectives (Mongolian: khamtral) led to the loss of 7 million heads of livestock, or one third of the 1929 level. All this resulted not only in a steady stream across the border to Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, but also to local uprisings—for example, the uprising at Tögsbuyant monastery of Uvs aimag, which lasted from March to May 1930. _START_SECTION_ Outline of events _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sporadic riots occurred in the February - April 1930 in different areas of southern and south-western Mongolia. The main uprising began on April 10 or 11th 1932 in the Khyalganat monastery of Rashaant sum in Khövsgöl aimag, and spread quickly to neighbouring monasteries. The insurgents founded a high command under the name ‘’Ochirbatyn yaam’’ (Mongolian: Ochirbat’s ministry), and began arming the local lamas and lay people, burning down collective and sum centres, and killing opponents, especially targeting officials, party and youth league members who actively fought with religion for introduction of socialism. The rebellion quickly dispersed in aimags of Arkhangai, Övörkhangai, Zavkhan and Dörböt. The first response by the Mongolian government was the establishment of an extraordinary commission headed by Jambyn Lkhümbe, and the deployment of armed units by the Ministry of the Interior in Ulaanbaatar, on April 15/16th. Main powers of the rebels were defeated to July, and the government started to withdraw troops. In August, however, the rebellion resumed starting again from the south of Khövsgöl and the north of Arkhangai aimags. It is supposed that the Mongolian rebels have connection with similar uprising in Tuva._NEWLINE_The uprising covered area of about 155 thousand km². The garrison of Tsetserleg town, numbered 1195 people, joined the rebels. In general, most of rebels were common herdsmen. In Övörkhangai aimag 90% members of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and the Revolutionary youth union joined the rebels, as well as 95% of collective farms. The troops of rebels numbered from dozens to thousands men. They were armed mainly with flintlocks, rarely old rifles. Governmental troops were smaller, to few hundred men. They were armed much better. They had modern rifles, machine guns, grenades, mountain artillery, armored cars and planes provided by the USSR. Soviet troops were not introduced, but military advisers participated in some battles. The uprising was suppressed to November. _START_SECTION_ Results _START_PARAGRAPH_ The uprising covered four most populated aimags (Khövsgöl, Arkhangai, Övörkhangai, Zavkhan, Dörböt, partly Altai and Southern Govi). The numbers are quite fragmentary but more than 3,000 people are said to have participated on the side of the insurgents, and they are said to have killed more than 700 people between April and July 1932. According to a short-time chairman of the Defense Council, D. Ölziibat, 500 insurgents were killed in 16 battles, and 615 insurgents were condemned to death by drumhead courts-martial. 35 sum centres and 45 cooperatives were destroyed. According to one Soviet document, 8000-10,000 people were killed._NEWLINE_Total number of people killed by insurgents is many times less than the total number of victims of the uprising. _START_SECTION_ Aftermath _START_PARAGRAPH_ Convinced the threat to the authority of the MPRP by the "left course", the Bolsheviks' leadership ordered to stop the "left" reforms in Mongolia and to transfer to the "new course". As a result, anti-religious policies were eased after June 1932, and collectivization was called off. However, the Mongolian nobility had been destroyed, and the political moderation was only to be temporary: the Buddhist church would be almost completely eradicated in the Stalinist purges of the late 1930s, and livestock would be collectivized again in the 1950s.

16411703571539116420

Q4563373

_START_ARTICLE_ 1934 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final _START_SECTION_ Route to the final _START_PARAGRAPH_ Dublin easily defeated Kerry in the All-Ireland semi-final, held in 1934 in Tralee. _START_SECTION_ Summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ A crowd of 36,143 attended the match. Galway had a two-point win over Dublin, with goals by the Kerry-born Michael Ferriter (2) and Martin Kelly._NEWLINE_The winning Galway team was the first to wear the now famous maroon and white colours of the county._NEWLINE_Bobby Beggs played for the losing Dublin team that day; he would line out for the winning Galway team in 1938._NEWLINE_This was Galway's second All-Ireland football title (the first was in 1925) and the first time the Sam Maguire Cup went west since it was first presented to the winning team in 1928. _START_SECTION_ Post-match _START_PARAGRAPH_ The winning team went to New York to play some games for the Americans there._NEWLINE_A photograph exists showing the 1934 All-Ireland football title winning team aboard the ship on their way across the Atlantic to America. _NEWLINE_The captain was Mick Higgins. Also included are Mick Ferriter, Frank Fox, Dinny Sullivan, Tadg McCarthy, Fr Brune, masseur Toddy Ryan, County Board secretary Martin Regan, Mick Connaire, Brendan Nestor, Frank Burke, goalkeeper Michael Brennan, Joe Kelleher, Paddy Stephens, Ralph Griffin, John Dunne, Dermot Mitchell, Hugo Carey, Pat McDonnell, Tommy Hughes, trainer Tom Molloy, Fr Eugene McLoughlin, and various others whose identities are unknown.

16928539600552283798

Q4563888

_START_ARTICLE_ 1936 VFL season _START_SECTION_ Premiership season _START_PARAGRAPH_ In 1936, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus one substitute player, known as the 19th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances._NEWLINE_Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7._NEWLINE_Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1936 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page-McIntyre System. _START_SECTION_ Grand final _START_PARAGRAPH_ Collingwood defeated South Melbourne 11.23 (89) to 10.18 (78), in front of a crowd of 74,091 people. (For an explanation of scoring see Australian rules football).

9450453412181760203

Q146179

_START_ARTICLE_ 1938 Lausanna _START_SECTION_ Orbit and classification _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lausanna is a S-type asteroid and member of the Flora family, one of the largest collisional populations of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,222 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1934 KA at Johannesburg Observatory in 1934, extending the body's observation arc by 40 years prior to its official discovery observation at Zimmerwald. _START_SECTION_ Rotation period _START_PARAGRAPH_ In March 2014, two rotational lightcurves of Lausanna were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Skiff and by Johan Warell at Lindby Observatory (K60) in Sweden. Lightcurve analysis gave an identical rotation period of 2.748 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.13 and 0.12 magnitude, respectively (U=3-/2). The short period is near the threshold of 2.2 hours for fast rotating asteroids. _START_SECTION_ Diameter and albedo _START_PARAGRAPH_ According to the space-based survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Lausanna measures 7.64 and 8.21 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.166 and 0.192, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of its family – and calculates a diameter of 7.82 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.7. _START_SECTION_ Naming _START_PARAGRAPH_ This minor planet was named for the Swiss city of Lausanne, located in the French-speaking part of the country. The discoverer Paul Wild, known for his unconventional minor-planet namings, discovered three more asteroids during winter of 1973/74. He named these 1935 Lucerna, 1936 Lugano and 1937 Locarno, after the Swiss cities Lucerne, Lugano and Locarno, respectively, hence composing an alliterated quartet of sequentially numbered, thematically named minor planets. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1978 (M.P.C. 4358).

11827962085042659188

Q3693012

_START_ARTICLE_ 1940 Norwegian Football Cup _START_SECTION_ Third round _START_PARAGRAPH_ Rollon - Aalesund 0-2_NEWLINE_Brann - Årstad 1-0_NEWLINE_Djerv - Drafn 2-3_NEWLINE_Fredrikstad - Nydalen 8-1_NEWLINE_Freidig - Kvik (Trondheim) 3-7_NEWLINE_Frigg - Lisleby 7-1_NEWLINE_Gimsøy - Mjøndalen 1-2_NEWLINE_Gjøvik/Lyn - Gjøa 3-2_NEWLINE_Start - Grane (Arendal) 1-0_NEWLINE_Moss - Skiens-Grane 3-1_NEWLINE_Kvik (Halden) - Lyn 1-6_NEWLINE_Lillestrøm - Pors 2-0_NEWLINE_Neset - Ranheim 3-1_NEWLINE_Skiold - Sarpsborg 1-2_NEWLINE_Skeid - Snøgg 3-0_NEWLINE_Stavanger IF - Viking 1-3 _START_SECTION_ Fourth round _START_PARAGRAPH_ Drafn - Aalesund 1-2_NEWLINE_Brann - Moss 0-7_NEWLINE_Frigg - Fredrikstad 0-1_NEWLINE_Kvik (Trondheim) - Neset 1-3_NEWLINE_Lyn - Lillestrøm 3-0_NEWLINE_Sarpsborg - Gjøvik/Lyn 1-0_NEWLINE_Mjøndalen - Skeid 0-2_NEWLINE_Viking - Start 5-0 _START_SECTION_ Quarter-finals _START_PARAGRAPH_ Skeid - Aalesund 3-2_NEWLINE_Fredrikstad - Viking 10-0_NEWLINE_Moss - Lyn 1-1 (extra time)_NEWLINE_Neset - Sarpsborg 1-6/1-3_NEWLINE_Rematch_NEWLINE_Lyn - Moss 1-2 _START_SECTION_ Semi-finals _START_PARAGRAPH_ Sarpsborg - Fredrikstad 0-1_NEWLINE_Skeid - Moss 6-3

4989573140161490500

Q207404

_START_ARTICLE_ 1940 South Carolina hurricane _START_SECTION_ Meteorological history _START_PARAGRAPH_ Morning weather charts detected a "slight" disturbance between St. Martin and St. Thomas on August 5. Around 18:00 UTC that day, a tropical depression developed about 30 mi (48 km) west-northwest of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands._NEWLINE_The storm moved moving west-northwest near the Mona Passage, bringing squalls of 44 miles per hour (71 km/h) to San Juan, Puerto Rico. On August 6, the developing storm was near the southeastern Bahamas, bringing moderate to rough seas. The cyclone turned northward after its close approach to the southeastern Bahamas. By August 10 a ship reported that winds were hurricane force. In the afternoon of August 11, the hurricane made landfall near Beaufort, South Carolina where it moved inland and turned just northeast of Savannah, Georgia between 5 and 6 p.m. on the same day. Savannah's wind peaked at 73 miles per hour (117 km/h) and the pressure fell to 28.78 inches of mercury (975 hPa). It was the area's worst storm in 29 years. Hurricane-force winds were witnessed between Savannah and Charleston. Weakening into a tropical storm that evening, for the next four or five days the storm meandered inland as a weak tropical storm before evolving into an extratropical cyclone on the evening of August 14. _START_SECTION_ Preparations and impact _START_PARAGRAPH_ From August 7 and 9, small craft were advised to exercise caution over the eastern Bahamas and western subtropical Atlantic Ocean as the system approached the region. By 9:30 a.m. on August 10, small craft warnings were in effect for the extreme northern Bahamas, and along the United States coast from Miami, Florida to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. By the morning of August 11, storm warnings were in effect from Wilmington, North Carolina northward to Cape Hatteras and from Savannah, Georgia to Fernandina Beach, Florida. Hurricane warnings were in effect from Savannah northward to Wilmington. All coastal warnings were dropped by August 12._NEWLINE_A storm tide of 13 feet (4.0 m) was measured along the coast of South Carolina. The cyclone inflicted $1.5 million in damage in Charleston, South Carolina, while Savannah, Georgia received $1 million in damage. Damage to the country's coastline totaled $3 million (1940 USD). Two people at Savannah died, one of whom from heart failure due to fright. Near the point of landfall, a total of 10.84 inches (275 mm) of rainfall fell at Beaufort, South Carolina within a 24-hour period. The highest reported rainfall amount in Georgia was recorded was 13.68 inches (347 mm) one mile east of Louisville while the highest amount in South Carolina was reported from Charleston, where 12.66 inches (322 mm) fell. On the coastal areas where the hurricane hit, there was a considerable loss of life. Early press reports said that 35 had died. According to the Monthly Weather Review, the deaths were low because of hurricane warnings and evacuations. However, modern sources indicate that 50 people died during this storm._NEWLINE_After leaving the coast, the dissipating storm brought heavy rains that sparked disastrous flash floods. The floods inundated much of Tennessee, the Carolinas and northern Georgia. Rainfall amounts across western North Carolina exceeded 15 inches (380 mm), with the highest amount recorded at Idlewild, where 20.65 inches (525 mm) fell. Landslides were common in the mountains of western North Carolina, where it is considered a once in over 100 year landslide event. The East Tennessee and Western North Carolina railroad line was severed so badly it ceased operation. The peak discharge of the flood along Wilson Creek near Adako, North Carolina was estimated at 99,000 cubic feet per second (2,800 m³/s). A total of 26 perished during the Deep Gap Debris Flow in Watauga County, North Carolina alone. Major portions of the county were cut off for two weeks. Debris flows and flooding cut off U.S. Highway 421 in 21 places through a six-mile stretch of roadway between Deep Gap and Maple Springs in Wilkes County, North Carolina. Flooding destroyed 90% of the bridges in Caldwell County, North Carolina. Press reports stated that 30 people died in the floods. Damage amounted to over $10 million (1940 USD)._NEWLINE_Rains began in Virginia on August 13, as the system entered the state from the west. Deluges flooded locations across southern and western sections of the Old Dominion. Hampton Roads measured 4.76 inches (121 mm) of rainfall. The highest rainfall amount statewide was recorded at Copper Hill, where 17.03 inches (433 mm) fell. Emporia, on the Meherrin River, recorded a flood of record on August 17 when the river crested at 31.50 feet (9.60 m), which was 8.5 feet (2.6 m) feet above flood stage. Mountain rivers and streams overflowed, washing out bridges and causing landslides which blocked roads. Several highways between Norfolk, southwest Virginia, and Asheville, North Carolina were closed. A collision on August 13 involving the oil screw F.B. Scarbrough 5 miles (8.0 km) above Coles Point may have been caused by this system.

10120937646611569134

Q1144112

_START_ARTICLE_ 1947–48 Soviet League season _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1947–48 Soviet Championship League season was the second season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 10 teams participated in the league, and CDKA Moscow won the championship.

2029140354112051384

Q16155976

_START_ARTICLE_ 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak occurred in March, 1947 and was declared ended on April 24, 1947. The outbreak marked two milestones for America. First, it was the largest mass vaccination effort ever conducted for smallpox in America, and second, it marked the last outbreak of smallpox in America. Within three weeks of the discovery of the outbreak, the U.S. Public Health Service, in conjunction with New York City health officials, had procured vaccine and inoculated over 6,350,000 adults and children. Of that number, 5,000,000 had been vaccinated within the first two weeks. The rapid response was credited with limiting the outbreak to 12 people, 10 of whom recovered, while 2 died. _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ On February 24, 1947, Eugene Le Bar, a 47-year-old rug merchant from Maine, and his wife, boarded a bus in Mexico City, where the couple had been vacationing, for the return trip to New York City. That evening, Le Bar fell ill with a headache and neck pain. Two days later, he developed a red rash. The couple arrived in Manhattan on March 1, checked into a midtown hotel, and did some sightseeing and shopping. By March 5, Le Bar had developed a fever and pronounced rash. He was admitted to Bellevue Hospital, but because of the rash was transferred three days later to Willard Parker Hospital, a communicable disease hospital also in Manhattan._NEWLINE_On admission to Willard Parker, the differential diagnosis was drug reaction (since Le Bar had reported taking proprietary headache powders and aspirin), erythema multiforme, Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, and smallpox. However, because Le Bar had a smallpox vaccination scar, an atypical rash, and no history of exposure, smallpox was immediately ruled out. A biopsy of the skin lesions did not reveal the Guarnieri bodies characteristic of smallpox. Following further tests, Le Bar was diagnosed with having a drug reaction to the headache powders and aspirin he'd taken earlier. Despite supportive care, Le Bar's condition worsened and he died on March 10. _START_SECTION_ Epidemiology _START_PARAGRAPH_ Two patients on the same floor at Willard Parker Hospital with Le Bar were discharged soon after Le Bar's death. However, both patients, one a 22-month-old baby girl who had been treated for croup, and the other, Ishmael Acosta, a 27-year-old hospital worker who had been treated for mumps, were rehospitalized on March 21 and 27, respectively, with the same rash and fever that Le Bar had. Biopsies done on lesion from both patients showed Guarnieri bodies, establishing the diagnosis of smallpox. As soon as the diagnosis was made, all the patients and staff of Willard Parker Hospital were vaccinated for smallpox, while the New York City Department of Health and the U.S. Public Health Service were notified. All the known contacts of the baby girl and Acosta were also vaccinated._NEWLINE_A review of Le Bar's autopsy results and reexamination of the skin lesions this time demonstrated Guarnieri bodies and confirmed Le Bar had died of smallpox. Because he was the first case, he was designated the index patient. The next concern for the health department was tracking down Le Bar's contacts, including everybody who stayed at the hotel at the same time he did._NEWLINE_The immediate contacts at the hotel included guests still there and those who had checked out starting on the day Le Bar checked in. Guests who were still there were all vaccinated. Those who had left and gone to other states were advised to see their doctors and get vaccinated as soon as possible. The tracing of Le Bar's contacts included all passengers on the bus trip, including those who boarded or left at stops in seven states. The U.S. Public Health Service determined that passengers had final destinations in 29 states. Warnings were sent to the public health authorities in all 29 states, and all passengers were tracked down and advised to be inoculated as soon as possible. No cases were ultimately reported in any of the hotel guests or the bus passengers._NEWLINE_Others who came into contact with Le Bar included patients and staff at Bellevue and Willard Parker Hospitals. Coincidentally, Ishmael Acosta, the 27-year-old man who had been rehospitalized in Willard Parker, was an orderly at Bellevue. However, no contact with Le Bar had occurred at Bellevue because Acosta was already a patient at Willard Parker when Le Bar was admitted to Bellevue. However, during the time between Acosta's discharge from and readmission to Willard Parker, he had returned to work at Bellevue. Three male patients he had prepped and transported to surgery later developed fever and rash. They were transferred to Willard Parker and all three were diagnosed with smallpox. All of Le Bar's contacts in New York City, which numbered several hundred, were vaccinated and sequestered to prevent further spread of the illness._NEWLINE_A 4-year-old boy being treated for whooping cough at Willard Parker Hospital was discharged on March 10, the day Eugene Le Bar died. He was transferred to Cardinal Hayes Convalescent Home for Children, a Catholic nursing facility in Millbrook, New York. He subsequently developed a rash and fever. It was later determined that he had smallpox and was the source of infection for three others at the facility including a 62-year-old nun, a 5-year-old boy, and a 2-year-old girl._NEWLINE_A 2 1/2-year-old boy admitted to Willard Parker Hospital for treatment of whooping cough just prior to Le Bar's death also came down with smallpox and was diagnosed on March 17. In addition, Carmen Acosta—Ishmael Acosta's wife—was admitted to Willard Parker Hospital on April 6 with a rash and fever, and was diagnosed with smallpox a day later. She died on April 12._NEWLINE_Eugene Le Bar's wife was contacted in Maine where she had returned after her husband's death. She had been vaccinated prior to her departure from New York and remained healthy. _START_SECTION_ Vaccination campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ On April 4, 1947, New York City Mayor William O'Dwyer and Commissioner of Health Israel Weinstein informed the public about the smallpox outbreak and announced plans to vaccinate everybody in the city. At the time, the New York City Health Department had 250,000 individual doses of vaccine and 400,000 doses in bulk. O'Dwyer called an emergency meeting with the heads of the seven American pharmaceutical companies involved in vaccine production and asked them for a commitment to provide 6 million doses of vaccine. The pharmaceutical companies accomplished the task by putting the vaccine into round-the-clock production. Additional vaccine doses were obtained from the Army and Navy._NEWLINE_Vaccination clinics were set up around the city at hospitals, health department clinics, police and fire stations, and schools. Volunteers drawn from the American Red Cross, the City Health Department, off-duty police and firefighters, and the disbanded, but vast, World War II Air Raid Warden networks located in all of New York's coastal towns, went door-to-door to urge residents to get vaccinated. A radio and print ad campaign called, "Be sure, be safe, get vaccinated!" advertised the vaccination clinic locations and emphasized that vaccination was free. Within days, long lines formed outside the clinics. More than 600,000 New Yorkers were vaccinated in the first week._NEWLINE_The vaccination clinics began closing April 26, with the last closing May 3, 1947. _START_SECTION_ Morbidity and mortality of the disease _START_PARAGRAPH_ Twelve cases of smallpox were confirmed—9 in Manhattan and 3 in Millbrook. Seven were adults and 5 were children, the latter group all age 5 and under. The oldest patient was the 62-year-old nun. The youngest patient was the 22-month-old baby girl._NEWLINE_Two patients—Eugene Le Bar, age 47, and Carmen Acosta, age 25—died. _START_SECTION_ Morbidity and mortality of the vaccine _START_PARAGRAPH_ As a result of the mass vaccination, there were 46 cases of encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in 8 deaths in the following weeks. However, brain tissue was examined from all 8 fatalities, and in a report on the outbreak written by Commissioner of Health Weinstein, he stated that they had other diseases of the central nervous system and none had encephalitis. Three deaths were clearly related to other complications of the vaccine—a 66-year-old man who developed sepsis from an infected vaccination site, and two infants with eczema who developed generalized vaccinia after contact with others who had been vaccinated. Two additional victims who received the smallpox vaccine and died were named in newspaper reports—Benjamin F. Cohen, age 41, of Newark, N.J., who died on May 5, a little more than two weeks after being vaccinated, and Nancy Jean Vanderhoof, age 3, of New Providence, N.J., who died May 7, a week after receiving her vaccination. According to the Center for Disease Control, the rate for post-vaccination encephalitis following the smallpox vaccine is 3 to 12 per million, and the fatality rate is about 1 in a million. (Since this was the largest vaccination campaign ever, it is likely to have contributed substantially to the C.D.C.'s data and estimates.) _START_SECTION_ Postscripts _START_PARAGRAPH_ Even President Harry S. Truman received a vaccination for a brief trip to give a speech in New York City to news reporters._NEWLINE_There were two additional cases of smallpox transmitted in the New York City area at that same time—a merchant seaman who had temporarily lived with relatives in Manhattan from March 4 to 15, and R.C. Smith, man who lived in Trenton, N.J. and died nearby in Camden, N.J., on April 17, 1947. Neither had any known contact with Le Bar or any of the cases traced to him._NEWLINE_New York Yankees pitcher Bill Bevens became ill from his vaccination and had to miss his scheduled start on April 29, 1947._NEWLINE_Sylvia Steinberg, a woman who lived in The Bronx, posed as a nurse representing a hospital and vaccinated about 500 people with water over three days. She pleaded guilty to unlawful practice of medicine, assault, and illegal possession of a hypodermic needle, and was sentenced to six months in jail._NEWLINE_The events associated with the smallpox outbreak were dramatized in the Columbia Pictures movie The Killer That Stalked New York, released in 1950.

14803700731925984226

Q4566581

_START_ARTICLE_ 1949 NSWRFL season _START_SECTION_ Season summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ St. George winger Ron Roberts’ 25 tries during 1949 stands in third place behind Les Brennan’s 29 in 1954 and Bob Lulham’s 28 in 1947 for the highest number of tries by a player in a debut season._NEWLINE_The 1949 season was also the last in the NSWRFL for future Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame inductee, Vic Hey.

448875847793314258

Q4567653

_START_ARTICLE_ 1952–53 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team _START_SECTION_ Regular season _START_PARAGRAPH_ Under the leadership of Harry Combes and coming off consecutive third-place finishes in the NCAA Tournament, the Fighting Illini men's basketball program had become one of the most powerful in the nation. The 1952-53 team returned one of the most dominant players in the NCAA, Johnny Kerr. It also returned United Press honorable mention all-American guards Irv Bemoras and Jim Bredar._NEWLINE_Unfortunately the Illini would lose 4 conference games during the Big Ten season which would give them a second-place finish. Three of the four losses came at the hands of ranked opponents. The starting lineup included captain Jim Bredar and Irving Bemoras at guard, Clive Follmer and Max Hooper at the forward slot with Robert Peterson and, future hall of famer Johnny "Red" Kerr at the center position. The team also included former University of Minnesota head coach Jim Dutcher.

13936973638235739889

Q1044938

_START_ARTICLE_ 1953 Carrera Panamericana _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1953 Carrera Panamericana was the fourth running of the Carrera Panamericana Mexican sports car racing event, and the first edition as a part of the World Sportscar Championship. The race took place from 19–23 November, and was run from Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, over 8 stages and 3,077 kilometres (1,912 mi). 182 cars started the race, and 60 finished all 8 stages. _START_SECTION_ Pre-race _START_PARAGRAPH_ For the 1953 race, the existing Sports and Stock classes were both subdivided into Large and Small groups, giving four categories in which to compete. These were split by engine capacity; sports cars were divided under and over 1600 cc (98 ci), and stock cars under and over 3500 cc (213.5 ci). This was to accommodate the huge number of participants and the diverse breeds of cars within the race._NEWLINE_Going into the race, Ferrari had a slender championship lead of just two points over Jaguar. Although neither manufacturer had sent work entries to Mexico, the title could still be snatched by the Coventry marque, despite the Italian marque having more cars in the event. _START_SECTION_ Race _START_PARAGRAPH_ Both Lancia and Lincoln came to the race highly organized and both factories swept 1–2–3 finishes in their respective categories. The Europeans dominated the sports categories, and the Americans the stock. Large Sports Cars was won by Juan Manuel Fangio of Argentina and Gino Bronzoni of Italy in a Lancia D24 Pinin Farina, Small Sports Cars by José Herrarte Ariano and Carlos González from Guatemala in a Porsche 550 Coupé. Large Stock Cars was won by Chuck Stevenson and Clay Smith of the United States in a Lincoln Capri and Small Stock Cars by C.D. Evans and Walter Krause, Jr., also of the U.S., in a six-cylinder Chevrolet 210. Stevenson has the distinction of being the only person to ever win twice in the original race._NEWLINE_The race was marred by the death of a number of competitors. The co-driver and pacenote systems championed by the Mercedes-Benz teams of the previous year were vindicated by the failure of an alternative system used by some other works drivers, notably those of Lancia. During pre-race runs of the route at much safer speeds, Felice Bonetto and Piero Taruffi, winner of the 1951 edition of the race, painted warning signals on the road to remind themselves of particular hazards. This resulted in the death of Bonetto who, leading the race under pressure from Taruffi, missed his own warning signs. Entering the village of Silao, he encountered rough pavement at excessive speed and impacted a building, killing him instantly._NEWLINE_As a result of Guido Mancini and Fabrizio Serena di Lapigio finishing in fourth place, in their Ferrari 375 MM Pinin Farina Berlinetta, they secured three points for Ferrari, thereby increasing the Maranello marque points lead over Jaguar, giving them the 1953 World Championship for Manufacturer title._NEWLINE_The race was held over eight stages over a total distance of 1,912 miles. Fangio and Bronzoni won in their works-entered Lancia D24 Pinin Farina. The pair finished the race in 18 hours and 11 minutes, averaging 169.221 kilometres per hour (105.149 mph). Second place went to their teammates, Piero Taruffi and Luigi Maggio, in their D24, just 7:51 minutes behind. The podium was complete by another of the Scuderia Lancia cars that of Eugenio Castellotti, with his co-driver, Carlo Luoni, in their Lancia D23, over 6:01 minutes adrift.

13332008684770382247

Q54869915

_START_ARTICLE_ 1957 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year _START_SECTION_ Summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ Marsh Barton Stadium in Exeter closed; many smaller independent tracks were susceptible to closure, mainly due to the fact that government taxing of tote profits outweighed the income from attendances. This was leaving many of them untenable. Regulated tracks under the National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) banner were better off and remained successful, with annual tote turnover still around £55 million. The Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) continued to be the most successful greyhound company (as it had been every year since the introduction of racing in 1926). The Chairman Francis Gentle announced that net profits had increased to £119,000 but the sale of Harringay Arena had been agreed because it was operating at a loss. It was sold to the Home and Colonial Stores Ltd. Gentle remains Chairman of the company but relinquishes his role as Managing Director to be replaced by Laddie Lucas._NEWLINE_Ford Spartan won the 1957 English Greyhound Derby and Duet Leader was voted Greyhound of the Year. _START_SECTION_ Competitions _START_PARAGRAPH_ Kilcaskin Kern won the Irish St Leger and then went through a hectic schedule, flown straight to London to join new trainer Tony Dennis. The fawn dog then qualified for the Cloth of Gold at Charlton with three quick trials on three successive days. The decision was justified after he won the title. He also won Grand Prix at Walthamstow Stadium later in the year._NEWLINE_Ford Spartan (the Derby champion) won Laurels at Wimbledon Stadium but was then surprisingly retired to stud after just fourteen months racing. _NEWLINE_Duke of Alva won all his races in reaching the St Leger final at Wembley and recorded sub 40 second runs in each round, the final was televised live on the BBC. _START_SECTION_ News _START_PARAGRAPH_ Scoutbush was sold for $4,500, shortly after his Cesarewitch victory, to stand at stud in the United States. Sir Arthur Elvin MBE died, he had saved Wembley Stadium and turned it into one of the most famous stadiums in the world. Without him it would have been demolished in 1926. _NEWLINE_Elias Jolley stood trial, after the 80 year old general manager of White City Stadium (Nottingham) was accused of widespread rigging of tote odds and destroying evidence. _NEWLINE_It was agreed by the London Greyhound Tracks committee that any greyhound disqualified for fighting would lose any prize money and trophies but it would not affect the result in terms of betting. _NEWLINE_Derby runner-up Highway Tim was stolen from the kennels of Rosalie Beba, one month after the Derby final but was recovered safely after the van carrying them crashed and the driver was arrested. _START_SECTION_ Ireland _START_PARAGRAPH_ The unsuccessful ante post Irish Greyhound Derby favourite, Solar Prince, went on to win the Tipperary Cup and Callanan Cup before winning a White City invitation race featuring Kilcaskin Kern, Ballypatrick and Northern King, held on the Oaks final night._NEWLINE_Prairie Champion has his first race was on 10 October 1957, when he participated in the McCalmont Cup at Kilkenny. He won his heat by ten lengths in 29.80 seconds and then won the final. After recording 29.10 seconds in a 525 yards trial at Harold's Cross Stadium he was bought by Al Burnett, who was known for owning the Pigalle Club in London and renamed Pigalle Wonder.

7809052917108278216

Q17009546

_START_ARTICLE_ 1962 New Year Honours _START_PARAGRAPH_ The New Year Honours 1962 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. They were announced in supplements to the London Gazette of 29 December 1961 to celebrate the year passed and mark the beginning of 1962._NEWLINE_At this time honours for Australians were awarded both in the United Kingdom honours, on the advice of the premiers of Australian states, and also in a separate Australia honours list._NEWLINE_The recipients of honours are displayed here as they were styled before their new honour, and arranged by honour, with classes (Knight, Knight Grand Cross, etc.) and then divisions (Military, Civil, etc.) as appropriate.

200850125037435784

Q18349947

_START_ARTICLE_ 1963 Liverpool City Council election _START_SECTION_ Ward results _START_PARAGRAPH_ * - Councillor seeking re-election_NEWLINE_ - Party of former Councillor_NEWLINE_The Councillors seeking re-election at this election were elected in 1960 for a three-year term, therefore comparisons are made with the 1960 election results.

15545627724233894038

Q4728223

_START_ARTICLE_ 1965 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship _START_SECTION_ Teams _START_PARAGRAPH_ A total of eighteen teams entered the under-21 championship, the same number as the previous year, however, there was a difference in the composition. In Munster, Kerry declined to field a team in spite of a spirited display against Galway the previous year. In Leinster, Carlow and Louth made way for Meath and Wicklow. An Ulster championship was organised for the first time, with Down joining provincial kingpins Antrim.

7632165730394258576

Q1350638

_START_ARTICLE_ 1970 Meistaradeildin _START_PARAGRAPH_ Statistics of Meistaradeildin in the 1970 season. _START_SECTION_ Overview _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was contested by 5 teams, and KÍ Klaksvík won the championship.

669940185031129224

Q6413440

_START_ARTICLE_ 1972 Kingston-upon-Thames by-election _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Kingston-upon-Thames by-election of 4 May 1972 was held after Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) John Boyd-Carpenter was appointed chairman of the Civil Aviation Authority. The seat was retained by the Conservatives, with Norman Lamont winning. He held the seat until it was abolished in 1997. (Lamont is best known for serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer 1990-93, during the Premiership of John Major.)

11512227255966428042

Q4014227

_START_ARTICLE_ 1973 Virginia Slims of Houston _START_SECTION_ Singles _START_PARAGRAPH_ Françoise Dürr defeated Rosemary Casals 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 _START_SECTION_ Doubles _START_PARAGRAPH_ Mona Schallau / Pam Teeguarden defeated Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve 6–3, 5–7, 6–4

9533232325375615571

Q704284

_START_ARTICLE_ 1975–76 Bundesliga _START_SECTION_ Competition modus _START_PARAGRAPH_ Every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference and, if still tied, by goals scored. The team with the most points were crowned champions while the three teams with the fewest points were relegated to their respective 2. Bundesliga divisions. _START_SECTION_ Team changes to 1974–75 _START_PARAGRAPH_ VfB Stuttgart, Tennis Borussia Berlin and Wuppertaler SV were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga after finishing in the last three places. They were replaced by Hannover 96, winners of the 2. Bundesliga Northern Division, Karlsruher SC, winners of the Southern Division and Bayer 05 Uerdingen, who won a two-legged promotion play-off against FK Pirmasens.

12081603484609947843

Q4576566

_START_ARTICLE_ 1975 Canton, Illinois, tornado _START_SECTION_ Canton tornadoes _START_PARAGRAPH_ The supercell thunderstorm first showed evidence in the damage survey near Bushnell. On several farms broad convergent and cyclonic crop damage exhibited evidence of the parent tornadocyclone. Trees were uprooted and structural damage varied with windows broken and buildings partially unroofed. A funnel cloud was spotted at 4:01 pm about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Prairie City. _START_SECTION_ First tornado _START_PARAGRAPH_ The first tornado of a complex combination of tornado family and extreme downbursts touched down at 4:30 p.m. about 14 miles (23 km) west of the small city of Canton (or 3 miles (4.8 km) southwest of Blyton) and immediately grew to very large size in agrarian central Fulton County. It continued meandering rural areas with an average movement of easterly roughly near Illinois Route 9 for 11.1 miles (17.9 km) before ending about 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Fiatt. A grain elevator was leveled and blown about 0.75 miles (1.21 km) away. Total damages were around $250,000. A University of Chicago team headed by Ted Fujita surveyed the damage path as 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide at times and suction spot crop damage indicated a multiple vortex tornado. _START_SECTION_ Canton tornado _START_PARAGRAPH_ Before that tornado lifted, a second tornado touched down to the left of the first tornado at 4:45 p.m. on the east side of Fiatt, and it too in conjunction with intense downburst winds proceeded in a meandering path roughly eastward roughly along Route 9. There was no break in the damage because of the proximity of the tornadoes and the accompanying exceptionally intense downburst activity._NEWLINE_This tornado roared into Canton with a damage path 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, essentially destroying or heavily damaging the entire southern half of the town. It devastated much of the downtown area, destroying or damaging 127 businesses concentrated within a five block swath. Many of these buildings were completely destroyed and others were so severely damaged to require razing. The tornado caused heavy residential losses with about 100 frame houses destroyed and an additional 300 damaged; 50 trailers were destroyed and another 100 were damaged. Two people were killed at Horton's Mobile Home Manor on the eastern side of town. Sixty-nine people were injured, of which 14 required hospitalization and 45 were treated and released. Straight-line winds from downbursts inflicted less intense damage across the remainder of town. Total damages amounted to around $25 million (1975 USD). Power was not restored to some areas for a week. The National Guard was deployed, and the damage was so immense and overwhelming that the city was declared a federal disaster area. All stores except for those selling food were forced to close, most perishable food required trashing, and the town was immediately closed to non-residents not on official business._NEWLINE_Farms also suffered substantial damage to crops and buildings with agricultural losses over $3 million. The high-end F3 tornado continued for approximately another 6 miles (9.7 km) to about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Banner for a total path length of 14 miles (23 km). Total tornado area was 37.5 sq. miles (60 km²) with a very high destruction potential index (DPI) -- integrating intensity, path length, and width—value of 150. _START_SECTION_ Science benefits _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was first thought to be a single tornado event of over 25 miles (40 km), but a meticulous damage survey by the renowned severe weather expert Ted Fujita documented the complex interactions of downbursts, microbursts, and tornadoes, and much was learned meteorologically from this event. Downbursts, a recent concept by Fujita at the time (the 1974 Super Outbreak the year before was also significant in their conceptual development), covered a very large area; these as well as a continuous series of smaller but very intense microbursts were responsible for the meandering course of the tornadoes (although the average of the path was linear) and for some changes in intensity. It is thought that a microburst may be responsible for breaking up the first tornado. A continuous damage swath connected the events regardless. Conversely, another microburst seems to have caused the tornado to intensify on the eastern side of Canton and coincided with the two deaths. The most intense pure tornadic damage width was 0.5 miles (0.80 km). _START_SECTION_ 1835 Canton tornado _START_PARAGRAPH_ Canton and surrounding areas were devastated by an earlier tornado on June 18, 1835. Touching down around 10 p.m., it decimated rural farms, killing four; before it traversed through Canton, killing four in town, including the town's founder and his young son. Injuries totaled forty. This tornado damaged or destroyed about fifty buildings in Canton with a total damage width of about 0.25 miles (0.40 km).

13170347280277506736

Q11185898

_START_ARTICLE_ 1976 Singaporean general election _START_SECTION_ Electoral system _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 69 members of Parliament were elected from 69 single-member constituencies, an increase from 65 used for the previous elections in 1972. The deposit was increased for the first time, rising to $1,200 from $500. _START_SECTION_ Campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ A total of 124 candidates contested the election. The ruling PAP was the only party to contest every one of 69 constituencies, while the five other opposition parties (namely Barisan Sosialis, the Singapore Justice Party, PKMS, the United Front and the Workers' Party) formed a Joint Opposition Council to cooperate at the polls. The Workers' Party nominated 22 candidates and United Front 14; no other party put forward more than six candidates, while two candidates ran as independents._NEWLINE_The election marked their political debut of two prominent candidates, independent Chiam See Tong and PAP Goh Chok Tong, who would went on to become the then-longest-serving opposition MP and the second Prime Minister, respectively.

3995400239652156275

Q4578081

_START_ARTICLE_ 1978 Buenos Aires Grand Prix _START_PARAGRAPH_ Results from the 1978 Buenos Aires Grand Prix held at Buenos Aires on November 11, 1978, in the Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez.

1459519737694755266

Q28402235

_START_ARTICLE_ 1979–80 in English field hockey _START_SECTION_ Men's Truman National Inter League Championship _START_PARAGRAPH_ (Held at Barclays Bank Sports Ground, North Ealing, September 20–21) _START_SECTION_ Women's Cup (National Clubs Championship) _START_PARAGRAPH_ (University of East Anglia, Norwich, April 13–14)

3057253699053009006

Q4580597

_START_ARTICLE_ 1982 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1982 SEC Women's Basketball Tournament took place from February 25th through 28th, 1982 in Lexington, Kentucky._NEWLINE_Kentucky won the tournament by beating Tennessee in the championship game. _START_SECTION_ Tournament _START_PARAGRAPH_ Asterisk denotes game ended in overtime.

14672660650689331312

Q16827191

_START_ARTICLE_ 1983 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council election _START_PARAGRAPH_ Elections to City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council were held on Thursday, 5 May 1983, with one third of the council to be elected. The council remained under no overall control.

17885712457920163005

Q596105

_START_ARTICLE_ 1984 Dallas Grand Prix _START_SECTION_ Summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ Keke Rosberg of Finland won his only race of the season at the Dallas Grand Prix. The race was one of only two races in 1984 where both of the year's dominant McLarens driven by Niki Lauda and Alain Prost did not score (Belgium being the other), and gave Honda their first turbocharged Grand Prix win and also their first Grand Prix win since the 1967 Italian Grand Prix. René Arnoux's Ferrari was the only other car on the lead lap at the end after starting from the pit lane due to an electrical fault on the warm up lap, while Elio de Angelis came home third for Lotus. It was the only race of the season that cars using Goodyear tyres filled all three podium positions. Only 8 cars finished the race, due to crashes or engine failures in +40 degrees Celsius heat, and also the track was breaking up very badly, as in the 1980 Argentine Grand Prix._NEWLINE_The event was conceived as a way to demonstrate Dallas's status as a "world-class city" and overcame 100 °F (38 °C) heat, a disintegrating track surface and weekend-long rumors of its cancellation. The tight and twisty course was laid out on the Texas State Fair Grounds with help from United States Grand Prix West founder Chris Pook, and featured two hairpin curves. While the layout was seen as interesting and was generally well received by the drivers (though some thought one or two of the chicanes made it tighter than it needed to be), all had issues with the lack of run-off areas and the crumbling surface which during the race itself made the track more like a rallycross track than a Grand Prix circuit. It was bubbling before qualifying, and after a few laps, it began to break apart._NEWLINE_After the first practice on Friday, the Lotus drivers, Nigel Mansell and de Angelis, who both started from the front row with Mansell recording his first career pole position, said the temporary course was the roughest circuit they had ever driven. Nelson Piquet wondered whether the track, the drivers or the cars would break first in the oppressive heat. Afternoon qualifying saw temperatures continue to rise past 100 °F (38 °C), and Goodyear recorded the highest track temperature in their 20 years of racing, 150 °F (66 °C)._NEWLINE_Dallas was the first time since the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort that both Lotus drivers qualified on the front row of the grid. Back then, it was 1978 World Champion Mario Andretti and his teammate Ronnie Peterson who qualified 1–2 in the revolutionary Lotus 79._NEWLINE_After the Renault celebrity race on Saturday, Stirling Moss introduced himself to former US President Jimmy Carter in the VIP suite, saying, "I have never shaken hands with a president." Carter, to the surprise of many (due to the general belief that Formula One drivers weren't as well known in America as the Indy 500 and NASCAR drivers), recognized Moss immediately._NEWLINE_The race was scheduled to start at 11 am on Sunday, three hours earlier than usual, because of the heat, with the 30-minute warm-up planned for 7:45 am. This was apparently too early for French Williams driver Jacques Laffite, who arrived at the circuit in his pajamas. The warm-up was delayed and then canceled however, because a 50-lap Can-Am race on Saturday had damaged the circuit so badly that emergency repairs had gone on all night, and would continue until 30 minutes before the start (the repairs involved a backhoe digging up the broken asphalt and replacing it with quick-dry cement). Niki Lauda and Alain Prost tried to arrange a boycott among the drivers, but Rosberg insisted they should race._NEWLINE_I don't know what all the fuss is about. We'll all complain and bind right up until the start time and then we'll go out and race as usual. We've come all this way and the race is all set up. Track surface or no track surface, you know as well as I do, we'll race._NEWLINE_— Keke Rosberg speaking before the race._NEWLINE_Bernie Ecclestone did not want to have 90,000 disappointed fans at the circuit, and viewers around the world, so the race went off with Larry Hagman (J. R. Ewing from the television series Dallas) waving the green flag to start the parade lap._NEWLINE_Mansell led for almost half the race from his first pole position. Derek Warwick overtook de Angelis, whose engine was suffering from a misfire, and pulled alongside Mansell several times, but could not get around. He retired after an attempt to pass on lap 11 resulted in a spin. Lauda was next to challenge Mansell, but he was passed by de Angelis when the latter's engine began to run on all six cylinders._NEWLINE_The first five cars (Mansell, de Angelis, Lauda, Rosberg, Prost) were now running as a group, and on lap 14, Rosberg passed Lauda for third and closed up on the two Lotuses. He passed de Angelis on lap 18, and soon was looking for a way past Mansell. Arnoux, having qualified fourth, had been unable to start his car on the grid, and began the race from the back of the pack. By the end of the first lap, he had already passed seven cars and now he and Piquet were closing on the group of leaders._NEWLINE_Rosberg, after briefly trading places with Prost, who had gotten by Lauda and de Angelis, finally forced Mansell into a big enough mistake for him to take the lead. Within three laps, Mansell, whose front tires were quickly fading, had dropped three more places before pitting on lap 38. Piquet became the ninth car to retire because of contact with the wall, and Arnoux moved into the top five._NEWLINE_Prost took the lead from Rosberg on lap 49, and quickly opened a 7.5-second lead, but eight laps later struck a wall and damaged a wheel rim. Rosberg inherited a lead of 10 seconds over Arnoux, and, thanks in part to a special skull cap driver cooling system, held on to score his only victory of the year for Williams, as the two-hour limit was reached one lap short of the scheduled 68._NEWLINE_De Angelis came home third, comfortably ahead of Laffite in the second Williams. De Angelis's teammate Mansell made contact with the wall. Mansell coasted around the last corner, visor up and seat belts hanging over the side of the car. As his car slowed on the home straight, he leaped from his black Lotus and tried to push it to the end, but collapsed from exhaustion and the oppressive heat before reaching the finish line. He was classified sixth, three laps behind._NEWLINE_The oppressive heat was a factor of the Dallas Grand Prix becoming a one-off, and the event was replaced by following year's Australian Grand Prix. Formula One has since returned to the state of Texas, hosting the United States Grand Prix since 2012 at the newly constructed Circuit of the Americas, located in the state capital of Austin. However, the race in Austin has always been held in October or November, away from the Texan summer._NEWLINE_The heat also caused some drivers to take some countermeasures to cope with the heat; such as Rosberg's water-cooled skullcap (a common device in the NASCAR circuit); Piercarlo Ghinzani, who finished fifth after overtaking the collapsed Mansell, having a bucket of cold water thrown over him during a pit stop; and Huub Rothengatter, who dashed straight to a spectator area after he retired from the race, where he commandeered several cups of water "for pouring over his nether regions…"._NEWLINE_Ayrton Senna had retired from the race on lap 47 while running fourth after hitting the wall. On coming back to the pits, he was furious, telling his race engineer Pat Symonds: "I just cannot understand how I did that. I was taking it no differently than I had been before. The wall must have moved." His team did not believe him and Senna persuaded them to inspect the wall after the race, only for them to find that the barrier had indeed been moved by an earlier crash, moving only a mere 4–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) into the track. Symonds recalled his amazement in 2004, saying: "That was when the precision to which he was driving really hit home for me. Don't forget, this was a guy in his first season of F1, straight out of F3...".

7938009464967358473

Q16970821

_START_ARTICLE_ 1984 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament _START_SECTION_ Format _START_PARAGRAPH_ The tournament featured three rounds of play. The three teams that were division champions automatically qualified for the tournament while the remaining five seeds were given to the teams with the highest winning percentage. The top four seeds were given out to the three division champions and the top qualifier and assorted based upon winning percentage. The remaining four seeds were assigned to the other qualifiers and assorted based upon winning percentage. In the quarterfinals the first seed and eighth seed, the second seed and seventh seed, the third seed and sixth seed and the fourth seed and fifth seed played a two-game series to determine the winner. In the two games no overtime was permitted and if the two teams remained tied after the two games then a 10-minute mini-game would be played where a sudden-death overtime was allowed if the scheduled time did not produce a victor. After the opening round every series becomes a single-elimination game. In the semifinals, the highest seed plays the lowest remaining seed while the two remaining teams play with the winners advancing to the championship game and the losers advancing to the third place game. The tournament champion receives an automatic bid to the 1984 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament. _START_SECTION_ Bracket _START_PARAGRAPH_ Teams are reseeded after the first round_NEWLINE_Note: * denotes overtime period(s) _START_SECTION_ All-Tournament Team _START_PARAGRAPH_ None

10434204409394050206

Q8023424

_START_ARTICLE_ 1989 Wiltshire County Council election _START_PARAGRAPH_ Elections to Wiltshire County Council were held on 4 May 1989. The whole council was up for election and the result was no overall control.

13417796139974133013

Q16156189

_START_ARTICLE_ 1992 Aloha Bowl _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Kansas won seven of their first eight games, even rising up to #13 in the polls before a matchup with #7 Nebraska. A 49-7 thrashing by the Cornhuskers sent them into a tailspin, as they lost to #13 Colorado and Missouri to close out their season. Despite this, the Jayhawks finished in 3rd place in the Big Eight Conference, their highest finish in the Big Eight since their 2nd-place finish in 1973. BYU started the season 1-3, with losses to San Diego State, UCLA and Hawaii. Wins over Utah State, Fresno State, and Wyoming got them back on the trail. After a loss to #10 Notre Dame, the Cougars rebounded with a win over #14 Penn State. Wins over New Mexico, Air Force and Utah closed out a season in which they finished in a three-way tie for the Western Athletic Conference championship with Hawaii and Fresno State. _START_SECTION_ Game summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ BYU went up 7-0 on the game's opening play when Hema Heimuli returned the opening kickoff for a touchdown. Kansas evened the score at 7-7 two plays later when Kansas receiver Matt Gay caught a pass that was ruled a lateral from quarterback Chip Hilleary and hit a wide-open Rodney Harris for a 74-yard touchdown pass. Replays showed that the first pass was in fact 2 yards forward, which would have made the play illegal with two forward passes._NEWLINE_The Jayhawks took a 9-7 lead later in the first quarter when junior lineman Chris Maumalanga burst through the Cougars' offensive line to sack running back Jamal Willis in his own endzone for a safety._NEWLINE_Willis later gained revenge with a 29-yard touchdown run with 10:16 left in the second quarter. Following his score, BYU led 14-9. On the ensuing kickoff, senior running back Maurice Douglas broke free for a 54-yard return that put the Jayhawks on the BYU 43. The return set up a 41-yard field goal from Dan Eichloff that capped the first-half scoring at 14-12._NEWLINE_BYU scored on a 10-yard touchdown pass from Young to Otis Sterling and took a 20-12 lead into the fourth quarter, but Hilleary engineered a six-play, 75-yard drive - capped off by his one-yard run and successful two-point conversion - that tied the score at 20-20. After a Cougar punt, Kansas put together a seven-minute drive that ended in Dan Eichloff's game-winning 48-yard field goal. BYU did not fare well on its own field goal kicking, with David Lauder missing a pair of short field goals earlier in the half. _START_SECTION_ Aftermath _START_PARAGRAPH_ The Cougars made five more bowl games in the decade, with victories in two of those games. The Jayhawks went to just one more bowl game in the decade, in 1995.

2120363999619289762

Q2976420

_START_ARTICLE_ 1992 Bank of the West Classic _START_SECTION_ Doubles _START_PARAGRAPH_ Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Rosalyn Fairbank-Nideffer / Gretchen Magers 3–6, 6–2, 6–4

3654015528820813768

Q24970036

_START_ARTICLE_ 1992 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship _START_SECTION_ Final ranking _START_PARAGRAPH_ 1. France_NEWLINE_2. Italy_NEWLINE_3. Com. of Independent States_NEWLINE_4. Greece_NEWLINE_5. Israel_NEWLINE_6. Spain_NEWLINE_7. Germany_NEWLINE_8. Finland_NEWLINE_9. Poland_NEWLINE_10. Belgium_NEWLINE_11. Hungary

6587102844229614345

Q4589097

_START_ARTICLE_ 1993–94 Notts County F.C. season _START_SECTION_ Season summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ In the 1993–94 season, Notts County narrowly missed the play-offs for promotion to the Premiership. The season is most remembered for a 2–1 victory over arch rivals Nottingham Forest in which Charlie Palmer scored the winning goal with just four minutes remaining. This has become a celebrated event among Notts County fans, who have dubbed 12 February (the anniversary of the game) Sir Charlie Palmer Day. In March 1994, the Magpies lost the Anglo-Italian Cup final to Brescia. _START_SECTION_ Results _START_PARAGRAPH_ Notts County's score comes first

15482721249286841010

Q24436502

_START_ARTICLE_ 1993 Coca-Cola 600 _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Charlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States 13 miles from Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend and The Winston, as well as the Mello Yello 500. The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the Charlotte area. The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports Inc. (SMI).

8347477705658167817

Q3994969

_START_ARTICLE_ 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament _START_SECTION_ Bracket _START_PARAGRAPH_ * – Denotes overtime period

2980737562580244399

Q4588658

_START_ARTICLE_ 1993 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament _START_SECTION_ Tournament Bracket _START_PARAGRAPH_ Note: * denotes overtime period(s)

12647740929121853551

Q4590050

_START_ARTICLE_ 1994–95 Ottawa Senators season _START_SECTION_ Regular season _START_PARAGRAPH_ Alexei Yashin would once again prove to be the Senators leader on the ice, scoring 21 goals, along with 23 assists for a team leading 44 points. Alexandre Daigle would have another strong season also, putting up 37 points (16 goals, 21 assists) to finish second to Yashin in team scoring._NEWLINE_Don Beaupre would lead the team in net, setting the team record for best GAA average in a season (3.36), best save percentage (.896), won 8 of the 9 games the Senators won during the season, and would get the first shutout in team history on February 6, when the Senators shutout the Philadelphia Flyers 3–0 at the Civic Centre._NEWLINE_The Sens would start slow, going 0–6–2 in their first eight games before their shutout win over Philadelphia. They would continue to slump throughout the first 41 games of the season, as they had a 4–32–5 record, but the team would finish the year by going 5–2–0 in their last seven games, outscoring their opponents 27-21, to finish the season with a 9–34–5 record, but failed to avoid finishing in last place in the NHL for the third straight season._NEWLINE_The Senators finished last in wins (9), losses (34), points (23), even-strength goals against (129) and tied the Florida Panthers and Montreal Canadiens for fewest short-handed goals scored (1).

15702429044588151162

Q7164278

_START_ARTICLE_ 1994 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election _START_SECTION_ Campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Lt. Governor Singel was a well-known figure in the state and was a clear early frontrunner after serving six months as acting governor as Bob Casey underwent cancer treatments. However, his 1992 defeat by Lynn Yeakel in the 1992 Democratic primary for senate left the party feeling that Singel was vulnerable in a statewide election. Treasurer Catherine Baker Knoll, who was popular with older voters and siphoned the support of some labor groups from Singel, was viewed as his biggest threat, but state representative Dwight Evans, who mobilized urban minority voters, finished a somewhat surprising second. Former state Speaker of the House Bob O'Donnell and Yeakel, who was criticized for campaigning poorly in the close 1992 senate race, both saw their campaigns fail to get traction._NEWLINE_Attorney General Ernie Preate, who was known for both being a tough prosecutor and working to reform the mental health system, was seen as the initial frontrunner, but his attempt was marred by a corruption controversy. Mike Fisher, a state senator and former candidate for lieutenant governor, sought to take advantage of Preate's missteps but was unable gain a majority of establishment support. Tom Ridge, who Republicans had initially tried to court to run in the 1990 election, slowly built name recognition and gained political backing due to his relatively moderate track record. _START_SECTION_ Campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Prior to the election, Singel appeared to be a candidate who would be difficult to beat; he had gained wide name recognition and a positive job appraisal for his service as acting governor during Bob Casey's battle with serious illness. In contrast, Ridge had been a relatively obscure US Congressman who was mostly unknown outside of his Erie base. Ridge proved to be a successful fundraiser and undercut support from Democrats in the socially liberal but fiscally conservative suburbs of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh._NEWLINE_Abortion became a key issue in the campaign. Peg Luksik ran a strong third party campaign in opposition to the Republican nominations of the pro-choice Ridge and Barbara Hafer in their most recent two gubernatorial campaigns. Singel, who is also pro-choice, gained only lukewarm support from his former boss Casey, a vocal critic of abortion policy._NEWLINE_The tide began to turn against Singel after the revelation that he had voted to parole an individual named Reginald McFadden, who would later be charged for a series of murders in New York City. Ridge, whose campaign emphasized his "tough on crime" stance, took advantage of this situation, much in the manner that George H. W. Bush had used the Willie Horton incident against Michael Dukakis. Singel was further undercut by a lack of Democratic enthusiasm; turnout was particularly low in strongholds such as Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Scranton.

4145451790921611476

Q9305225

_START_ARTICLE_ 1994 Swedish European Union membership referendum _START_PARAGRAPH_ A non-binding referendum on membership for the European Union was held in Sweden on 13 November 1994._NEWLINE_The voter turnout was 83.3%, and the result was 52.3% for and 46.8% against.

1730399735418037462

Q1518837

_START_ARTICLE_ 1995–96 IHL season _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1995–96 IHL season was the 51st season of the International Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. 19 teams participated in the regular season, and the Utah Grizzlies won the Turner Cup.

11873241883973817182

Q3722806

_START_ARTICLE_ 1995 Tuscan regional election _START_SECTION_ Electoral law _START_PARAGRAPH_ Tuscany used for the first time the national Tatarella Law to elect its Council. Forty councillors are elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists; remained seats and votes are grouped at regional level where a Hare quota is used, and then distributed to provincial party lists._NEWLINE_Ten councillors are elected at-large using a general ticket: parties are grouped in alliances, and the alliance which receives a plurality of votes elects all its candidates, its leader becoming the President of Lombardy. If an alliance wins more than 60% of votes, only 5 candidates from the regional list will be chosen and the number of those elected in provincial constituencies will be 45; if the winning alliance receives less than 50% of votes, special seats are added to the Council to ensure a large majority for the President's coalition.

11335619888384866199

Q2952964

_START_ARTICLE_ 1996–97 Kuwaiti Premier League _START_SECTION_ Overview _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was performed in 13 teams, and Al Arabi Kuwait won the championship.

7938618383888508250

Q4591398

_START_ARTICLE_ 1996 Football League Third Division play-off Final _START_SECTION_ Pre-match _START_PARAGRAPH_ The two teams were competing for promotion to the third tier of the English football league system, at the time called the Second Division, a familiar place for both teams. In its previous 68 seasons as a Football League club, Plymouth Argyle competed exclusively in the second and third tiers, exactly 34 seasons each. While Darlington had featured in the second tier just twice, competing in the third tier on 32 occasions and the fourth tier another 32 times. The official attendance of 43,431 was a record for a play-off final at that level, beating the previous record set in 1994, until it was bettered a year later by 3,373 spectators. There was also a significant disparity in the number of tickets sold to the supporters of the two clubs, with fewer than 10,000 Darlington fans in attendance compared to 35,000 fans representing Plymouth Argyle._NEWLINE_Plymouth Argyle manager Neil Warnock picked ten players who had started both of the club's semi-final matches, with Ronnie Mauge keeping his place in the team having replaced Chris Billy for the second leg. The match was to be goalkeeper Steve Cherry's last for the club, having returned for a second stint with the club three months earlier. Darlington manager Jim Platt, who was taking charge of the team for the last time before the return of David Hodgson, made one change to the team that secured progress from the semi-final stage with Tony Carss coming in at the expense of Matt Carmichael. The final would prove to be Man of the match Matty Appleby's last for Darlington. _START_SECTION_ Summary _START_PARAGRAPH_ Darlington were the first to settle with Gary Bannister a prominent player in midfield, but Plymouth Argyle eventually found their rhythm and had the first real goalscoring opportunity after ten minutes. Adrian Littlejohn found space after a one-two with Mickey Evans, but his first touch let him down and the opportunity was not taken. Darlington's main threat was coming from attacking full back Appleby and he had their best chance of the match midway through the first half. He carved out the initial chance, having carried the ball half the length of the pitch, but team-mate Steven Gaughan was unable to convert. The hasty clearance from Argyle found its way back to Appleby but he sent his shot over the crossbar with goalkeeper Cherry completely exposed._NEWLINE_Plymouth Argyle came close to making their opponents pay for their profligacy in front of goal with Evans lifting a volley over the crossbar. Darlington's captain Andy Crosby was proving to be a formidable figure at the heart of his team's defence, but Argyle fashioned another chance to open the scoring just before half-time. A flick on by Evans presented Adrian Littlejohn with the opportunity to redeem his earlier miss, but he dragged his shot wide._NEWLINE_There were few clear-cut chances at the start of the second half, but Plymouth Argyle were winning the midfield battle with Mauge and Chris Leadbitter leading by example with a number of forceful tackles. The pivotal moment arrived on 65 minutes after Martin Barlow had earnt a corner-kick on the right-hand side. Leadbitter played the ball short to full back Mark Patterson, whose well-measured cross was met firmly by the unmarked Mauge to head into the back of the net. Darlington tried to force their way back into the match, but were being thwarted by Plymouth Argyle captain Mick Heathcote and his defensive colleagues which left strikers Robbie Blake and Robbie Painter, who both scored in the semi-finals, with little to work on. As Darlington committed more players forward in search of an equaliser they left themselves exposed in defence which gave the leading side more space to launch counter-attacks. Evans and Littlejohn threatened to score the decisive second goal, but in the end Mauge's headed finish midway through the second half proved to be enough to claim the final promotion place for the team from Devon. The match was by no means a classic, with serious goalscoring chances at a premium, but to the winners it did not matter. _START_SECTION_ Post-match _START_PARAGRAPH_ After the final whistle Plymouth Argyle's captain Mick Heathcote received the winners' trophy before parading it in front of the club's supporters on the pitch. For the club's manager, Neil Warnock, it was his fourth play-off success at Wembley Stadium. He commented on his past experiences that "It can't be a hindrance, having done it before, but it doesn't make it any less tense. It makes it a very long season. I had booked a holiday starting today – I suppose I should have known better"._NEWLINE_Warnock was also full of praise for his counterpart, Jim Platt, commenting that "He should be made manager of the year for what he's done at that club". Citing Darlington's financial worries "Everyone thought they would blow up, but they didn't – they got within an ace. Unfortunately, someone has to lose". Platt, a former Northern Ireland international, was equally optimistic. He said "My side is very young – nearly all of them in their early 20s. I think we will be here again next season or go up automatically – if we can keep the side together"._NEWLINE_As a result of their victory, Plymouth Argyle returned to the third tier of English football just one year after being relegated to the fourth tier for the first time in its history. They returned to the Third Division two years later before being promoted as champions in 2002, and the club followed that up by winning the Second Division in 2004, to reclaim their place in the second tier of English football after a twelve-year hiatus. For Darlington, there was to be more disappointment in the play-offs four years later under David Hodgson, Platt's successor. They reached the Third Division final in 2000, the last to be played at the original Wembley Stadium, and were defeated 1–0 again; on this occasion to Peterborough United.

6806650662725814098

Q6064560

_START_ARTICLE_ 1996 Iowa Republican caucuses _START_SECTION_ February 1996 procedure _START_PARAGRAPH_ Unlike the Democratic caucus, the Republican Party does not use voting rounds or have minimum requirements for a percent of votes. The Republican version is done with a straw vote of those attending the caucus. This vote is sometimes done by a show of hands or by dividing themselves into groups according to candidate. However, officially it is done with voters receiving a blank piece of paper with no names on it, and the voter writing a name and placing it in a ballot box._NEWLINE_Following the straw poll, delegates are then elected from the remaining participants in the room, as most voters leave once their vote is cast. All delegates are officially considered unbound, but media outlets either apportion delegates proportionally or apportion them in terms of winner-take-all by counties. In precincts that elect only one delegate, the delegate is chosen by majority vote and the vote must be by paper ballot. The state party strongly urges that delegates reflect the results of the preference poll, but there is no obligation that they do so. _START_SECTION_ Ames Straw Poll _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1996 Ames straw poll was held at Iowa State University (Ames)'s Hilton Coliseum on August 19, 1995. This was primarily a fundraising event for the state's Republican Party, and only Iowa residents who paid the $25 price for a ticket were eligible to vote. Tickets were available through the various presidential campaigns and the Iowa Republican Party's headquarters._NEWLINE_In general, the candidates bought large blocks of tickets and gave them out for free to whoever agreed to go and vote for that candidate. The candidates also rented buses to transport voters to Ames._NEWLINE_Bob Dole and Phil Gramm tied for the win with 24% of the vote each, followed by Pat Buchanan (18%), Lamar Alexander (11%), and Alan Keyes (8%). Five other candidates shared the remaining 15% of the vote.

10029916456676380341

Q4594341

_START_ARTICLE_ 1998–99 NWHL season _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1998–99 NWHL season was the first season of the National Women's Hockey League.

4423724753654395318

Q2698220

_START_ARTICLE_ 1999–2000 Cypriot First Division _START_SECTION_ Format _START_PARAGRAPH_ Fourteen teams participated in the 1999–2000 Cypriot First Division. All teams played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season crowned champions. The last three teams were relegated to the 2000–01 Cypriot Second Division._NEWLINE_The champions ensured their participation in the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League and the runners-up in the 2000–01 UEFA Cup._NEWLINE_The teams had to declare their interest to participate in the 2000 UEFA Intertoto Cup before the end of the championship. At the end of the championship, the higher placed team among the interested ones participated in the Intertoto Cup (if they had not secured their participation in any other UEFA competition). _START_SECTION_ Point system _START_PARAGRAPH_ Teams received three points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss. _START_SECTION_ Changes from previous season _START_PARAGRAPH_ Evagoras Paphos, Doxa Katokopia and Aris Limassol were relegated from previous season and played in the 1999–2000 Cypriot Second Division. They were replaced by the first three teams of the 1998–99 Cypriot Second Division, Anagennisi Deryneia, Ethnikos Assia and APOP Paphos.

6864795276708371466

Q221005

_START_ARTICLE_ 1999 European Grand Prix _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Heading into the race, McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen and Ferrari driver Eddie Irvine were tied for the lead of the World Drivers' Championship on 60 points each. Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen was third on 50, followed by Häkkinen's team-mate David Coulthard on 48. In the Constructors' Championship, McLaren led Ferrari by six points, 108 to 102, with Jordan third on 57._NEWLINE_Following the Italian Grand Prix on 12 September, four teams (McLaren, Williams, Jordan, Stewart) conducted testing sessions at the Magny-Cours circuit on 14–16 September. Coulthard set the fastest time on all three days of testing. Williams, Jordan and Stewart ran for only two days at Magny-Cours. Ferrari ran their pairing Irvine and Mika Salo at the team's test circuit of Mugello. Ferrari test driver and Minardi driver Luca Badoer performed engine development work at their test track at Fiorano with Irvine performing shakedown runs. Benetton performed aerodynamic mapping tests at RAF Kemble with Arrows and Minardi electing not to test. _START_SECTION_ Practice and qualifying _START_PARAGRAPH_ Two practice sessions were held before the Sunday race—one on Friday from 11:00 to 14:00 local time, and a second on Saturday morning between 09:00 and 11:00. The first practice session took place in dry conditions. The ambient temperature was 19 °C (66 °F) and the track temperature was 25 °C (77 °F) during the hour-long period._NEWLINE_Saturday afternoon's qualifying session was held from 13:00 to 14:00 local time. Each driver was limited to twelve laps with the implementation of a 107% rule to exclude slow drivers from competing in the Sunday race. The session was held on a wet track – the result of previous rainfall with isolated showers a few hours before qualifying. The ambient temperature ranged between 14 and 15 °C (57 and 59 °F), while the track temperature ranged between 15 and 18 °C (59 and 64 °F). Frentzen clinched second pole position of his career, in his Jordan 199, with a time of 1:19.910. Although he was dissatisfied with earlier problems finding the ideal setup during practice—he said that he felt fantastic to be on pole position—he believed he could have made a faster lap, as he was carrying five laps worth of fuel on board. Frentzen was joined on the front row by Coulthard who was two-tenths of a second slower. _START_SECTION_ Race _START_PARAGRAPH_ On race day the track was dry but the start was delayed when Zanardi and Gené lined up out of sequence on the grid, necessitating another formation lap. As the start was aborted during the start lights' sequence, the top five qualifiers and another car actually jumped the start but were not penalised due to the aborting of the start. When the race finally got under way, Frentzen led from Häkkinen, but further back there was trouble at the first corner. Hill's Jordan suffered an electrical failure in the middle of the pack which caused Wurz to swerve into Diniz, sending the Sauber into a barrel roll. The safety car was deployed while Diniz was helped uninjured from his car – a fortunate end result as it was later revealed that the Sauber's rollbar had failed when it hit the ground._NEWLINE_The race settled down with the top six Frentzen, Häkkinen, Coulthard, Ralf Schumacher, Fisichella and Irvine. On lap 17, Irvine passed Fisichella after pressuring the Italian into running wide at turn 8. Whilst further back Alessandro Zanardi was an unfortunate victim to the collision between Diniz and Wurz as his car was damaged from this incident earlier on and would eventually retire on lap 11 when his Supertec engine stalled. Just moments later the rain began to fall and Ralf Schumacher took advantage of the damp track to pass Coulthard. End of lap 20 Häkkinen pitted for wet tyres, which proved to be premature as the rain quickly blew over and the track dried. The following lap Irvine pitted for dry tyres but the stop lasted 28 seconds with the right-rear mechanics seemingly confused over a last minute change in tyre choice. Team mate Salo had damaged his wing the previous lap leaving the Ferrari pitcrew unprepared for Irvine. On lap 24 Häkkinen on wet tyres was lapping around seven seconds slower than the leaders and was overtaken by Irvine over the start-finish straight dropping to 13th position. Soon afterwards, with his tyres clearly overheating, Häkkinen pitted again to change back to dry tyres emerging just in front of Fisichella who was in fact a full lap ahead of the championship leader._NEWLINE_Ralf Schumacher pitted from 2nd position at the end of lap 27 for his scheduled first stop leaving Frentzen and Coulthard battling at the front followed by Fisichella twelve seconds behind the leaders in 3rd place. At the end of lap 32 both Frentzen and Coulthard pitted for their first scheduled stops with both Jordan and McLaren mechanics impeccably turning their cars around in 7 seconds, and both returning comfortably ahead of Schumacher. At this point in the race both Irvine and Häkkinen were well out of the points, meaning that if the order stayed the same Frentzen, Irvine, and Häkkinen would have all been tied for the points lead with two races to go, with Coulthard six points behind them._NEWLINE_What followed was a series of retirements. The first to fall was Frentzen, who ground to a halt at the first corner after his pitstop with the same electrical problem that had befallen his teammate. Coulthard inherited the lead and stayed out front until the rain came back with a vengeance. The Scot chose to stay out on dry tyres while most pitted for wets, which ultimately proved to be a costly mistake, as he slid off the road and out of the race on the 38th lap as the conditions worsened. Within a handful of laps two Championship contenders had seen their hopes of winning the title fall by the wayside. Ralf (still on dry tyres) then inherited the lead which he held until his pitstop six laps later. This allowed Fisichella (also on dry tyres) to take the lead with Ralf in second, as the rain stopped. Meanwhile, Herbert had quietly moved up the order after changing to wet tyres just at the right time. Mika Salo would soon be forced to retire with brake problems._NEWLINE_The heartbreak then reached new levels. On lap 49, Fisichella spun out of the lead like Coulthard before him leaving him like Coulthard (emotionally distressed), giving the lead back to Ralf. But then Ralf too lost the lead (and probable first win) when his right rear tyre punctured, allowing Herbert to take the lead which he would not lose. Further back the Minardis were taking full advantage of the unpredictable nature of the race with Badoer in fourth and Gené in seventh. But with just 13 laps to go, Badoer's gearbox failed, denying the Ferrari test driver his first ever Formula 1 points and leaving him in tears. Gené was promoted to 6th, which became 5th when Jacques Villeneuve's car failed with a broken clutch, robbing the BAR team of a chance to get their first-ever point before 2000. Behind him, Irvine and Häkkinen had fought their way back into contention for points, with Irvine holding 6th ahead of Häkkinen. After cruising for most of the race, Häkkinen turned up the pressure, eventually forcing Irvine into a mistake and taking 6th place. At the front Barrichello tried everything to pass Trulli for 2nd and make it a Stewart 1–2, but ultimately had to settle for 3rd. Meanwhile, Häkkinen caught and passed Gené for 5th to earn 2 invaluable points, but the Spaniard held onto 6th ahead of Irvine to give Minardi their first point in four seasons. _START_SECTION_ Post-race _START_PARAGRAPH_ It was the only race ever won by the Stewart Grand Prix team, as well as being the only time Stewart had two drivers finish on the podium. It was also the last Grand Prix victory for Johnny Herbert, and the last podium finish for the Prost Grand Prix team. Jackie Stewart considered the race greater than any of his own race wins. This was the final time that both Ferrari cars failed to score until the 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix._NEWLINE_Marc Gené's performance, in finishing 6th ahead of championship contender Irvine, is considered by many as the deciding factor in the Drivers' Championship, for it is often believed that had Irvine passed Gené for sixth, he would have had the extra point to win the title (with Schumacher letting Irvine pass him during the race in Japan).

5261725339696141462

Q24956171

_START_ARTICLE_ 1999 Kazakhstan Cup Final _START_SECTION_ Background _START_PARAGRAPH_ Kaisar-Hurricane played the second Kazakhstan Cup Final. In the first final they lost Irtysh with the score 2-1._NEWLINE_Vostok-Altyn played the third Kazakhstan Cup Final. In a Kazakhstan Cup Final they have won against Aktyubinets (1994 final, 1-0) and have lost Kairat (1996-97 final, 2-0)._NEWLINE_Kaisar-Hurricane and Vostok-Altyn played twice during the season of league. In the first game, on Jule 20, 1998 Vostok-Altyn won 2–0 on Vostok Stadium. As a part of Vostok-Altyn - Aleksandr Antropov and Vladimir Kashtanov scored. On August 4, 1998, Kaisar-Hurricane won a victory 2–0 with goals Andrei Vaganov and Azamat Niyazymbetov.

9814927991467277195

Q1135725

_START_ARTICLE_ 1999 Super 12 season _START_SECTION_ Teams _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 1999 Super 12 competition consisted of 12 teams, four from South Africa, three from Australia and five from New Zealand._NEWLINE_ACT Brumbies (Australia)_NEWLINE_Auckland Blues (New Zealand)_NEWLINE_Canterbury Crusaders (New Zealand)_NEWLINE_Cats (South Africa)_NEWLINE_Northern Bulls (South Africa)_NEWLINE_Otago Highlanders (New Zealand)_NEWLINE_Queensland Reds (Australia)_NEWLINE_Sharks (South Africa)_NEWLINE_Stormers (South Africa)_NEWLINE_Waikato Chiefs (New Zealand)_NEWLINE_Waratahs (Australia)_NEWLINE_Wellington Hurricanes (New Zealand)

18419907205302811408

Q2813388

_START_ARTICLE_ 19XX: The War Against Destiny _START_SECTION_ Gameplay _START_PARAGRAPH_ The player selects one of three different planes, each with different ratings in speed, power, and the strength of their homing attack. When flying through the levels, three primary weapons can be used by picking up their respective items, to fire either spreading vulcan bullets, straight-firing lasers, or multi-directional missiles. By holding button 1, the player can charge up to fire a special missile. If this missile hits a large enemy, the player will lock on to that enemy, and can fire fast homing projectiles to damage it further. There is also a supply of smart bombs which can be used to clear away the majority of enemies and their projectiles from the screen. Smart bombs can also be charged up, and each level of charge yields a different effect. If the player is shot down while charging up a bomb, the bomb does not go off._NEWLINE_At the end of every level, the player receives additional points for the number of bombs held in stock, a rank increase of 1-5 for the percentage of enemies destroyed, a grade for the time it took to defeat the boss, and a bonus for every medal collected which is multiplied by the rank. After beating the last level, the player also gets a large bonus for the number of lives they have remaining. _START_SECTION_ Ports _START_PARAGRAPH_ 19XX: The War Against Destiny has been ported to GameTap. However, 19XX is not included in the Capcom Classics Collection titles, as it is a modern game according to Capcom (being created after 1995). _START_SECTION_ Reception _START_PARAGRAPH_ A reviewer for Next Generation commented that "Its clean looking animation, multilevel backgrounds, digitized explosions and various streams of patterned enemies place 19XX among the cream of the crop." He found that the varied methods of attack set it apart from other shooters, and scored it 3 out of 5 stars.

6054893510256904798

Q20053823

_START_ARTICLE_ 19th International Emmy Awards _START_SECTION_ Judgment _START_PARAGRAPH_ This year’s entries – 242 from 24 nations – were judged in New York City and Los Angeles by U.S.-based TV executives, distributors, buyers, producers, writers and directors. To ensure that programs are not judged on production values alone, judges are instructed to consider the concept behind a show as well as the execution. _START_SECTION_ Ceremony _START_PARAGRAPH_ The International Emmy Awards are given by the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Of the 18 programs nominated in six categories, 14 were English-language, including all of the nominees in three categories: arts documentary, popular arts, and programs for children and young people. The other categories are drama, documentary, and performing arts._NEWLINE_Shows produced in the United Kingdom accounted for 10 of the 18 nominations. Three Australian programs were nominated, as well as two from Canada and one each from France, Spain and Germany._NEWLINE_The awards ceremony was produced by Joseph Cates and sold by Warner Bros., and broadcast by Italian web RAI._NEWLINE_In addition, special awards were given to Henry P. Becton Jr., president and general manager of the WGBH Foundation in Boston, who received the International Council's Directorate Award, and documentary producer Adrian Cowell, who was given the Founder's Award.

11146329101440322032

Q17511719

_START_ARTICLE_ 1st Tennessee & Alabama Independent Vidette Cavalry _START_SECTION_ Service _START_PARAGRAPH_ Companies "A", "B", "C", "G" and "H" were organized at Stevenson and Bridgeport, Alabama, between September 10, 1863, to April 26, 1864. Companies "D", "E" and "F", were organized at Tracy City and Nashville, Tennessee, between December 9, 1863, to February 24, 1864. The vidette cavalry participated in the skirmish at Hunt's Mills near Larkinsville, Alabama. They were a part of an expedition to Lebanon between December 12 and 29. Another skirmish at Sand Mountain, Alabama, December 26. They were mustered out on June 16, 1864.

5924103446537201922

Q4596908

_START_ARTICLE_ 2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde _START_SECTION_ Synthesis _START_PARAGRAPH_ 2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde can be synthesized by dissolving cinnamaldehyde to a solution of acetic anhydride in acetic acid, and adding a stoichiometric amount of concentrated nitric acid at 0–5 °C. Yields are around 36-46% of theoretical._NEWLINE_Nitration of cinnamaldehyde via acidification of a nitrate salt with H₂SO₄ also yields the ortho-nitro compound, however it also yields some of the para-nitro compound, which is generally undesired._NEWLINE_2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde can also be prepared by reacting 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with acetaldehyde in a condensation reaction. _START_SECTION_ Uses _START_PARAGRAPH_ 2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde can be oxidized to 2-nitrocinnamic acid which can be used in the Baeyer-Emmerling indole synthesis to produce indole and substituted indoles.

5125167230781312175

Q7569521

_START_ARTICLE_ 2000 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council election _START_SECTION_ Campaign _START_PARAGRAPH_ Before the election the council was run by a coalition between the Liberal Democrat and Labour parties, but the election was expected to see the Conservatives take control from them. 14 of the 39 seats were being contested, with the Conservatives only needing to gain one seat in order to have a majority. They only required a tiny swing to achieve this, which would give the Conservatives control of the council for the first time in 8 years. The election was a high-profile one with the Conservative leader, William Hague, campaigning in the area on the Monday before the election._NEWLINE_A major issue in the election was the number of refugees in the town, which was estimated at up to 2,000. The Conservatives said that the area had become a "dumping ground" and called on all asylum seekers to be detained upon entry into the country. However Labour accused the Conservatives of "playing the race card" and reported a Conservative leaflet to the Commission for Racial Equality._NEWLINE_Other issues included Conservative plans to build a new bypass to ease traffic within the town. Meanwhile, the Liberal Democrat and Labour parties defended their record of investing £50 million in the town during their period in control of the council, while keeping council tax rises down, with the latest council tax level the second lowest in Essex.

15207371514769036031

Q4599449

_START_ARTICLE_ 2001–02 Danish Cup _START_PARAGRAPH_ The 2001–02 Danish Cup was the 48th version of the Danish Cup. The final was played on May 9, 2002._NEWLINE_The winner qualified for UEFA Cup qualification. _START_SECTION_ Results _START_PARAGRAPH_ The team listed to the left, is the home team.

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