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tomekkorbak

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[ "Faltu Larki\n\nFaltu Larki is a Pakistani family drama series, produced by Tariq Mujeeb. ", "The drama airs weekly on A-Plus Entertainment every Thursday. ", "It stars Hina Dilpazeer, Anum Fayyaz and Samiya Mumtaz in lead roles. ", "Serial is comeback of Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah duo, writer Fasih Bari Khan and director Mazhar Moin.", "\n\nCast\nHina Dilpazeer\nSamiya Mumtaz\nSalman Shahid\nAnum Fayyaz\nBehroze Sabzwari\nYasra Rizvi\nDania Enwar\nSeemi Raheel\nTipu Shareef\nLubna Aslam\nImran Ashraf\nNadia Afgan\nFarhan Malhi\nJinaan Hussain\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Pakistani television series" ]

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[ "\"Expected: The request shall wait for web application reload to complete and then display the page (or error 404 in case of that bug that I was investigating). ", "There is a loop in CoyoteAdapter that waits while context is being reloaded.\"", "\nThis feature is actually a bug, the server should return a response and move on. ", "It is not a good idea to tie up an indefinite amount of requests/threads waiting for something to happen.", "\n\n(In reply to Konstantin Kolinko from comment #2)\n> (In reply to Remy Maucherat from comment #1)\n> > It is not a good idea (...)\n>\n> Ack, but some people find it useful. ", "See bug 53024 that asked for it.", "\nThis was not a feature reuqets in bug 53024. ", "For as long as I cam remember (so back to Tomcat 4.1.x) the intended behaviour has been for the thread to wait while the context reloads.", "\nThis looks like a regression in the new static resource implementation in 8.0.x.", "\n\n(In reply to Mark Thomas from comment #3)\n> (In reply to Konstantin Kolinko from comment #2)\n> > (In reply to Remy Maucherat from comment #1)\n> > > It is not a good idea (...)\n> >\n> > Ack, but some people find it useful. ", "See bug 53024 that asked for it.", "\n>\n> This was not a feature reuqets in bug 53024. ", "For as long as I cam remember\n> (so back to Tomcat 4.1.x) the intended behaviour has been for the thread to\n> wait while the context reloads.", "\nI filed the wait time issue as bug 56713.", "\n\nThis is ASF Bugzilla: the Apache Software Foundation bug system. ", "In case\nof problems with the functioning of ASF Bugzilla, please contact\nbugzilla-admin@apache.org.", "\nPlease Note: this e-mail address is only for reporting problems\nwith ASF Bugzilla. ", "Mail about any other subject will be silently\nignored." ]

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[ "Description: Four Points – Real Estate Company in Dubai Four Points Real Estate is a Dubai based brokerage and real estate services provider with a continuously growing selection of residential, office, retail and industrial properties for sale and rent.", "Offering you a wide variety of property across Dubai and the UAE, Four Points Real Estate has quickly become a leading real estate company, with our experienced management & specialized certified brokers we aim to offer you the best services possible.", "Investing in property in Dubai gives both local and international investors a wide scope to choose among the best residential and commercial investment options. ", "From comfortable residential homes in welcoming communities, to luxurious properties in waterfront with great views. ", "Investors can find offices…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Legacy – Real Estate Company in Dubai The expert consultants at Legacy Real Estate are committed to the best practice ethic of the By Law No.85 of 2006 and have been trained and certified to provide a service to you like never seen before . ", "We are trained to deliver you the maximum satisfaction. ", "OUR VISION : To be Pacesetter in Real Estate Service by exceeding customer expectations. ", "OUR MISSION : Aggressively pursue business to provide exceptional customer service and to build life time relations with our customers. ", "OUR PURPOSE : To be an optimum business entity for the real estate industry and to optimize relationship, service and profitability.", "\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Coast Sea – Real Estate Broker in Dubai Coast Sea Real Estate Broker is a dynamically developing company. ", "Our sphere of activity is real estate in Dubai. ", "We find property, sell and rent it. ", "Coast Sea Real Estate Broker is a consolidated team consisting of highly qualified professionals who know their business. ", "Recently it became much easier to find houses for sale in Dubai and buy them without even leaving Russia. ", "Our company has opened a representative office in one of the most beautiful cities in the world – St. Petersburg. ", "Now we are ready to offer you the best property for sale in the UAE, in cities such as Dubai. ", "You want to start your own business in UAE?…", "\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Water world Realty – Real Estate Company in Dubai W2 Realty has been a key player in the Dubai real estate market for over 4 years. ", "We established operations in Dubai in 2006 in order to provide quality real estate services in one of the fastest growing and exciting regions of the world.", "Today W2 Realty is one of the leading real estate companies in Dubai. ", "Our strength lies in our core principles which enable to us to be fast and agile while dealing with customers, a quality that elevates us above the competition. ", "By sticking to our principles and never compromising our integrity or quality we offer our clients a truly unparalleled experience. ", "Transparency and Integrity Clearly defined processes and…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Hamptons – Real Estate Company in Dubai Welcome to Hamptons International – the UAE’s oldest, trusted and experienced property finders in Dubai, real estate agent and partner for all your Dubai property requirements. ", "Hamptons International is a premier international real estate company, based in Dubai, who can also help you find property abroad in your country of interest. ", "As far as real estate in Dubai is concerened, we are one of the most proficient real estate companies in the UAE. ", "We offer a wide range of property services including leasing, buying and selling residential and commercial properties in Dubai, property management, and valuations and market research. ", "So, register your Dubai properties with us today and take advantage of our professional…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Lucky Deal – Real Estate Brokers in Dubai Business Overview Lucky Deal Real Estate Brokers is an emerging real estate firm and management supervision Services Company located in a prime business location Oxford Tower, Office No.307, Business Bay, Dubai – U.A.E. It was established in first decade of 21 st century and has proved its strength by maintaining its business without fail throughout the recession years. ", "Now, it is touching success horizons providing flourishing real estate solutions to its clients. ", "Our founders have years of experience in real estate market and management supervision services company and have expertise in each and every aspect. ", "At Lucky Deal Real Estate Brokers , the high quality service embrace with customized solutions for all…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Cedar – Real Estate Broker in Dubai Established in Lebanon & Dubai, Cedar Real Estate Broker aims at providing potential property investors with the information and tools needed for making a profitable property purchase, whether it is a second family home, a quick profit sale, or part of a property portfolio. ", "Our primary mission is offering clients innovative and highly improved standards. ", "In a short period of time our company was able to gain credibility among investors, brokers, and individuals seeking knowledge and data about the real estate market in the UAE & Lebanon. ", "Our strength lies in our highly professional team whose long term experience as investors qualifies them to understand and prioritize the needs of the clients.", "Our expert…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Mash Holdings – Real Estate Brokers in Dubai Mash Holdings and Real Estate Brokers is an independent real estate brokerage, committed to providing outstanding service and value to buyers and sellers. ", "We are widely recognized as the preminent real estate company in Any town. ", "We are known for developing quality working relationships with our client; relationships based on respect, integrity, and trust. ", "Apartment For Sale R00872, Princess Tower Apartment for Sale Project: Princess Tower Ref# R00872 Posted on 21-07-2013 For Inquiry Call : Suneeta Kamal (050-4550725) Dubai Land AED 334,472 A GLEAMING Opportunity to invest in Royal Residence at Dubai Sports City No Commission & Transfer F Apartment for Sale Project: Royale Residence Ref# R00919 Posted on 18-09-2013 For Inquiry…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: Fair Deal – Real Estate Brokers in Dubai If you are looking for a fair deal you need to look no further. ", "Fair Deal Real Estate is the agency you are looking for. ", "We provide a fair, honest, transparent, efficient and personalized service to all our customers. ", "We continue to help our customers with any related issues that may arise even after the deal is completed. ", "We do not profess to be the largest real estate agency but we do offer personalized one to one service with our personal dedicated agent. ", "All our agents are RERA certified, have a vast experience in the real estate in UAE and internationally and are dedicated to serve you better. ", "Our specialized services include:…\nRead more...\n\nDescription: The Waves Investments & Properties – Real Estate Company in Sheik Zayed Road Dubai Established in 2004 , Waves Investments & Properties LLC has made remarkable progress in a short span of time. ", "Offering dedicated services in property investments, property development & management, construction, civil & building maintenance and allied services, Waves already has a prestigious clientele.", "Besides being a pioneer in freehold and leased properties be it commercial, residential or land itself, Waves also represents major developers in the region. ", "A highly knowledgeable and skilled team of people work tirelessly to achieve the company’s objectives by offering clients excellent value for money. ", "While extensive research and analysis, including legal assessment of projects ensure that customers enjoy hassle-free, long-term benefits on…\nRead more..." ]

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[ "// CodeContracts\n// \n// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation\n// \n// All rights reserved. ", "\n// \n// MIT License\n// \n// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the \"Software\"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:\n// \n// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.", "\n// \n// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED *AS IS*, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.", "\n\n// File System.Collections.Generic.HashSet_1.cs\n// Automatically generated contract file.", "\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing System.", "IO;\nusing System.", "Text;\nusing System.", "Diagnostics.", "Contracts;\nusing System;\n\n// Disable the \"this variable is not used\" warning as every field would imply it.", "\n#pragma warning disable 0414\n// Disable the \"this variable is never assigned to\".", "\n#pragma warning disable 0067\n// Disable the \"this event is never assigned to\".", "\n#pragma warning disable 0649\n// Disable the \"this variable is never used\".", "\n#pragma warning disable 0169\n// Disable the \"new keyword not required\" warning.", "\n#pragma warning disable 0109\n// Disable the \"extern without DllImport\" warning.", "\n#pragma warning disable 0626\n// Disable the \"could hide other member\" warning, can happen on certain properties.", "\n#pragma warning disable 0108\n\n\nnamespace System.", "Collections.", "Generic\n{\n public partial class HashSet<T> : System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "ISerializable, System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "IDeserializationCallback, ISet<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, System.", "Collections.", "IEnumerable\n {\n #region Methods and constructors\n public bool Add(T item)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public void Clear()\n {\n }\n\n public bool Contains(T item)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)\n {\n }\n\n public void CopyTo(T[] array)\n {\n }\n\n public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex, int count)\n {\n }\n\n public static IEqualityComparer<System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "HashSet<T>> CreateSetComparer()\n {\n Contract.", "Ensures(Contract.", "Result<System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "IEqualityComparer<System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "HashSet<T>>>() !", "= null);\n\n return default(IEqualityComparer<System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "HashSet<T>>);\n }\n\n public void ExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n }\n\n public System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "HashSet<T>.Enumerator GetEnumerator()\n {\n return default(System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "HashSet<T>.Enumerator);\n }\n\n public virtual new void GetObjectData(System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "SerializationInfo info, System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "StreamingContext context)\n {\n }\n\n public HashSet()\n {\n }\n\n public HashSet(IEnumerable<T> collection)\n {\n }\n\n public HashSet(IEnumerable<T> collection, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer)\n {\n }\n\n protected HashSet(System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "SerializationInfo info, System.", "Runtime.", "Serialization.", "StreamingContext context)\n {\n }\n\n public HashSet(IEqualityComparer<T> comparer)\n {\n }\n\n public void IntersectWith(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n }\n\n public bool IsProperSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public bool IsProperSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public bool IsSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public bool IsSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public virtual new void OnDeserialization(Object sender)\n {\n }\n\n public bool Overlaps(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public bool Remove(T item)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public int RemoveWhere(Predicate<T> match)\n {\n Contract.", "Ensures(0 <= Contract.", "Result<int>());\n\n return default(int);\n }\n\n public bool SetEquals(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n\n public void SymmetricExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n }\n\n void System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "ICollection<T>.Add(T item)\n {\n }\n\n IEnumerator<T> System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator()\n {\n return default(IEnumerator<T>);\n }\n\n System.", "Collections.", "IEnumerator System.", "Collections.", "IEnumerable.", "GetEnumerator()\n {\n return default(System.", "Collections.", "IEnumerator);\n }\n\n public void TrimExcess()\n {\n }\n\n public void UnionWith(IEnumerable<T> other)\n {\n }\n #endregion\n\n #region Properties and indexers\n public IEqualityComparer<T> Comparer\n {\n get\n {\n return default(IEqualityComparer<T>);\n }\n }\n\n public int Count\n {\n get\n {\n return default(int);\n }\n }\n\n bool System.", "Collections.", "Generic.", "ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly\n {\n get\n {\n return default(bool);\n }\n }\n #endregion\n }\n}\n" ]

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[ "/*\nCopyright Rene Rivera 2008-2015\nDistributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.", "\n(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at\nhttp://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)\n*/\n\n#ifndef BOOST_PREDEF_COMPILER_GCC_XML_H\n#define BOOST_PREDEF_COMPILER_GCC_XML_H\n\n#include <boost/predef/version_number.h>\n#include <boost/predef/make.h>\n\n/*`\n[heading `BOOST_COMP_GCCXML`]\n\n[@http://www.gccxml.org/ GCC XML] compiler.", "\n\n[table\n [[__predef_symbol__] [__predef_version__]]\n\n [[`__GCCXML__`] [__predef_detection__]]\n ]\n */\n\n#define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER_NOT_AVAILABLE\n\n#if defined(__GCCXML__)\n# define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_DETECTION BOOST_VERSION_NUMBER_AVAILABLE\n#endif\n\n#ifdef BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_DETECTION\n# if defined(BOOST_PREDEF_DETAIL_COMP_DETECTED)\n# define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_EMULATED BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_DETECTION\n# else\n# undef BOOST_COMP_GCCXML\n# define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_DETECTION\n# endif\n# define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_AVAILABLE\n# include <boost/predef/detail/comp_detected.h>\n#endif\n\n#define BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_NAME \"GCC XML\"\n\n#endif\n\n#include <boost/predef/detail/test.h>\nBOOST_PREDEF_DECLARE_TEST(BOOST_COMP_GCCXML,BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_NAME)\n\n#ifdef BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_EMULATED\n#include <boost/predef/detail/test.h>\nBOOST_PREDEF_DECLARE_TEST(BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_EMULATED,BOOST_COMP_GCCXML_NAME)\n#endif\n" ]

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[ "Муж российской певицы Жасмин бизнесмен Илан Шор задержан сотрудниками молдавских правоохранительных органов. ", "Его обвиняют в причастности к хищению из банковской системы страны $1 млрд\n\nПевица Жасмин и ее супруг, бизнесмен Илан Шор (Фото: PhotoXPress)\n\nО задержании Шора сообщила пресс-секретарь Национального центра по борьбе с коррупцией Молдавии Анжела Старински. «", "Бизнесмен Илан Шор доставлен сегодня в центр в статусе обвиняемого по делу о махинациях вокруг трех банков», — цитирует ее ТАСС. ", "Она добавила, что планируют задержания и других подозреваемых по этому делу.", "\n\nО причастности Шора к хищениям говорится в секретном отчете компании Kroll, опубликованном в блоге спикера молдавского парламента Адриана Канду. ", "По словам главы Национального банка Молдавии Дорина Дрэгуцану, в документе говорится, что в 2012–2014 годах Banca de Economii, Unibank и Banca Sociala выдали сомнительные кредиты на сумму примерно $740 млн, что привело к ухудшению финансового положения банков и переходу их под контроль злоумышленников.", "\n\nВ отчете также упоминаются бывший президент Молдавии Петр Лучинский, президент Федерации тенниса Молдавии Марина Таубер и руководитель представительства агентства «Россия сегодня» в Кишиневе Владимир Новосадюк, которые были получателями сомнительных кредитов.", "\n\nШор пока не прокомментировал свое задержание, а ранее заявлял о своей невиновности, сообщает издание MoldNews.", "\n\nКак ранее сообщал РБК, сделки по выдаче займов на общую сумму $1 млрд банки заключили за нескольких дней до парламентских выборов, состоявшихся 30 ноября 2014 года. ", "Расследование махинаций началось под давлением основных финансовых доноров Молдавии — Всемирного банка, Евросоюза и США.", "\n\nПо информации французской газеты Le Monde, комиссия Европарламента в конфиденциальном докладе указывала, что получателями кредитов могли быть некие четыре российских банка.", "\n\nПо состоянию на 31 марта 2015 года (данные Нацбанка Молдавии), активы с учетом риска Banca de Economii составляли 12,334 млрд лей, Unibank — 2,557 млрд лей и Banca Sociala — 15,465 млрд лей. ", "По этому показателю они занимали соответственно среди 14 коммерческих банков 2-е, 7-е и 1-е места.", "\n\nИлан Шор занял 9-е место в рейтинге самых богатых людей Молдавии, составленном в 2010 году агентством Ava.md. ", "Израильское издание IzRus, комментируя рейтинг, писало, что Шор, являющийся гражданином Израиля, родился в 1987 году в Тель-Авиве и унаследовал бизнес своего отца. ", "По этим данным, он является президентом Молдавско-израильского центра внешнеэкономических связей, медицины и обучения, а также возгалвляет холдинг ShorHolding.", "\n\nИнтерфакс отмечает, что Илан Шор является гендиректором компании Dufremol, у которой в Молдавии есть сеть магазинов беспошлинной торговли, а также владеет долями в кишиневском аэропорте​ и трех банках, из которых были совершены хищения и в которых введено внешнее управление Нацбанка. ", "Кроме того, по данным агентства, в конце января Шору был запрещен въезд в Россию.", "\n\nОфициально информация о запрете на въезд не подтверждалась. ", "По сведениям российского издания «Сноб», въезд Шору был запрещен на шесть лет на основании части 1 статьи 27 закона «О порядке въезда», в которой данная мера объясняется необходимостью «обеспечения обороноспособности или безопасности государства, либо общественного порядка, либо защиты здоровья населения». «", "Сноб», ссылаясь на неподтвержденные данные, связывает запрет с делом о хищениях в молдавских банках, из-за которых пострадали Внешэкономбанк, Газпромбанк и другие российские финансовые учреждения." ]

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[ "How Not To Leave Your Home To Your Kids\n\nOne thing that some people try to do to avoid probate is to transfer their house to their children while they are alive. ", "For many, it seems like the simplest and easiest solution. ", "This can be accomplished by adding the child to to ttile to the house as a joint tenant or by gifting it to them outright. ", "However, a cautionary tale, that may or may not be literally true, illustrates what can happen when you do this. ", "The story involves a judge who made a big legal error.", "\n\nThe judge’s daughter and her family lived with him for a few years and eventually the judge simply transferred his home to the daughter instead of making a proper estate plan. ", "The daughter passed away unexpectedly. ", "She also did not have an estate plan or a Will. ", "Under the laws of intestate succession, half of the home went to her husband and the other half to her 4-year-old son. ", "A few years later, the husband started dating and forced the judge to move out, leaving him homeless. ", "Because he no longer owned the house, having signed it over, there was nothing that could be done. ", "Additionally, the story goes that the judge did not file a gift tax return when he transferred the house, so he also owed money to the IRS.", "\n\nThe story might not be true, as a judge’s name is never attached. ", "However, it does illustrate one of the many things that can go wrong when you attempt to avoid Probate the wrong way. ", "Another problem is that you could be exposing your home to the problems of your children, e.g., where they have a judgment against them or haven’t paid their taxes. ", "Even a breakdown of the relationship with the child that has been given the house can be trouble as you could find yourself evicted from what you thought was your own home.", "\n\nTalk to an experienced and qualified estate planning attorney about the proper way to avoid Probate.", "\n\nTimothy P. Murphy is an estate planning and elder law attorney whose practice emphasizes helping people to build, preserve and pass on their wealth. ", "He works with his clients to accomplish their goals while avoiding unnecessary court proceedings and minimizing or eliminating exposure to death taxes.", "\n\nMAP\n\nOffice Hours\n\nThe information on this Attorneys & Lawyers / Law Firm website is for general information purposes only. ", "Nothing on this or associated pages, documents, comments, answers, emails, or other communications should be taken as legal advice for any individual case or situation. ", "This information on this website is not intended to create, and receipt or viewing of this information does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nparsing dates with variable spaces\n\nI am using Joda to parse dates and have a format where leading zeros are not used, e.g.:\n Mon Nov 20 14:40:36 2006\n Mon Nov 6 14:40:36 2006\n\nNote that the dayOfMonth field is left-padded with a blank.", "\nCurrently I seem to have to use two different formats and reparse if one fails\n\"EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss yyyy\"\n\"EEE MMM d HH:mm:ss yyyy\"\n\nIs there a single format (or an API switch) which deals with both cases? (", "is the answer the same for SimpleDateFormat - which I don't use?)", "\n\nA:\n\nI have just created a quick program to check this -\nSimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(\"EEE MMM d HH:mm:ss yyyy\");\n\ntry {\n String source1 = \"Mon Nov 20 14:40:36 2006\";\n Date d1 = sdf.parse(source1);\n String source2 = \"Mon Nov 6 14:40:36 2006\";\n Date d2 = sdf.parse(source2);\n\n String res1 = sdf.format(d1);\n String res2 = sdf.format(d2);\n\n System.out.println(source1 +\"=\"+ res1);\n System.out.println(source2 +\"=\"+ res2);\n} catch (ParseException e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n}\n\nThe output from this is -\nMon Nov 20 14:40:36 2006=Mon Nov 20 14:40:36 2006\nMon Nov 6 14:40:36 2006=Mon Nov 6 14:40:36 2006\n\nSo, even though source2 has the extra space, it is still parsed by \nEEE MMM d HH:mm:ss yyyy\n\nHope that helps\n\nA:\n\nI tried using a single 'd' as suggested above in logstash 1.1.1 but it still complained about a malformed date when a single digit day with an extra leading space was parsed. ", " The following logstash rules did work.", "\ntimestamp => [ \"MMM dd HH:mm:ss\", \"MMM d HH:mm:ss\" ]\n\nIt didn't matter which order the two date formats were in. ", " No more warnings were output once I added both formats.", "\n\nA:\n\njava.time and format pattern letter p\nHere’s the modern answer, using java.time, the successor of Joda-Time.", "\n DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(\"EEE MMM ppd HH:mm:ss uuuu\", Locale.", "ENGLISH);\n\n String[] stringsToParse = {\n \"Mon Nov 20 14:40:36 2006\",\n \"Mon Nov 6 14:40:36 2006\"\n };\n for (String dateTimeString : stringsToParse) {\n LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(dateTimeString, formatter);\n System.out.println(dateTime);\n }\n\nOutput:\n\n2006-11-20T14:40:36\n2006-11-06T14:40:36\n\nTo DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern format letter p means padding with spaces on the left. ", "pp means padding to two position. ", "It can be used for both formatting and — as here — parsing.", "\nI know you asked about Joda-Time. ", "The Joda-Time home page says:\n\nNote that Joda-Time is considered to be a largely “finished” project.", "\n No major enhancements are planned. ", "If using Java SE 8, please migrate\n to java.time (JSR-310).", "\n\nLinks\n\nOracle tutorial: Date Time explaining how to use java.time.", "\nDocumentation of DateTimeFormatter\nJoda-Time - Home\n\n" ]

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[ "Admiralty Fire Control Table\n\nThe Admiralty Fire Control Table (A.F.C.T.) was an electromechanical analogue computer fire-control system that calculated the correct elevation and deflection of the main armament of a Royal Navy cruiser or battleship, so that the shells fired would strike a surface target. ", "The AFCT MK 1 was fitted to and in the early 1920s, while the battleships , , and , and the battlecruiser , received Mk VII tables in the late 1930s. ", "Battleships of the King George V class received a Mk IX table, while received the final variant, the Mk X. The AFCT was the successor to the Dreyer tables, developed by Captain (later Admiral) Frederic Charles Dreyer, and the Argo Clock, developed by Arthur Pollen, and received developmental input from both men.", "\n\nThe Admiralty Fire Control Clock (AFCC) was a simplified version of the AFCT and was used for the local control of main armament and primary control of secondary armament of battleships and cruisers, and the main armament of destroyers and other small vessels. ", "Some smaller cruisers also used the AFCC for main armament control. ", "The chief difference between the AFCT and the AFCC was the provision of a paper plotter in the former, which could plot both own ship and target ship movement and record the mean point of impact of the salvoes fired.", "\n\nThe AFCT and AFCC were used for gunnery control against surface targets. ", "The High Angle Control System and Fuze Keeping Clock were used for gunnery control against aircraft.", "\n\nNotes\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\n The RN Pocket Gunnery Book \n Illustration of the AFCT \n B.R. 901/43, Handbook of The Admiralty Fire Control Clock Mark I and I*, 1943 \n Illustration of the AFCC \n HMS Prince of Wales's Gunnery Aspects Report with discussion of, and plotter output from, her AFCT Mk IX \n BRITISH MECHANICAL GUNNERY COMPUTERS OF WORLD WAR II \n\nCategory:Artillery operation\nCategory:Military computers" ]

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[ "Free Pincushion Pattern Download\n\nThis is the pattern we made at June's Quilt Club meeting. ", "Please feel free to download and make any design changes you would like. ", "The tiles for the bottom weight we found at a local hardware store. ", "Share a picture with us when you make your very own \"pincushion with trash bin\". ", "Thanks for visiting Lowery Sewing Center" ]

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[ "“This dismal place”\n\nA part of Wales in the time of James III (map by Pat Marriott for The Whispering Mountain)\n\n‘Hey, you — you there, you boy!’ ", "The driver’s voice startled Owen by its loud, harsh, resonant tones.", "\n‘Y-yes, sir,’ he stammered. ‘", "Can I help you?’", "\n‘Is this dismal place the town of Pennygaff?’", "\n‘Yes, sir.’", "\n‘Thank God for that, at least. ", "I’ve been traversing these hideous black hills for the best part of three hours — I wish to heaven I may never have to set foot here again!’", "\n— Chapter I, The Whispering Mountain\n\nWith these words the wickedest man in Joan Aiken’s alternate history novel The Whispering Mountain dismisses the Welsh town of Pennygaff and, by extension, this part of Wales. ", "In this instalment of my dissection of this Wolves Chronicle I’d like to compare and contrast the author’s vision of the Principality in James III’s time with Mid Wales as it actually is in our world. ", "Maps and images will feature in order to give the interested reader a sense of this part of the world, and may help in judging whether it is, indeed, as dismal as the Marquess of Malyn suggests.", "\n\nWhen, back in the 1960s, Joan Aiken was researching this novel (she published it between Night Birds in Nantucket and The Cuckoo Tree) she spent time in the archives of Brecon Public Library. ", "To access Brecon from southern England she would most likely have had to pass through the Black Mountains, the eastern part of the newly created Brecon Beacons National Park. ", "From Brecon itself she’d have been able to see the Beacons themselves, the highest point in southern Britain at 886 metres altitude (just over 2900 feet). ", "From east to west the Park includes The Black Mountains and the Beacons, then a tract of mountain, moorland, woods, meadows, lakes and rivers now known as Fforest Fawr (the former royal hunting ground known as the Great Forest of Brecknock), and finally the Black Mountain (in the singular, though itself blessed with several lesser peaks).", "\n\nPennygaff in the Black Mountains\n\nFrom Pat Marriott’s map, drawn to accompany The Whispering Mountain, it’s immediately clear that Joan Aiken was inspired to include the Black Mountains (Hereford is indeed to the northeast of this massif) as well as a vast area she calls Fforest Mwyaf (“the Greatest Forest”) where the Prince of Wales chooses to hunt wild boars. ", "Pennygaff is on the turnpike road from Hereford to Caer Malyn on the coast. (", "We know that the turnpike road system was pretty extensive in England and Wales in the 1770s, though in truth getting from Hereford to anywhere on the coast of Cardigan Bay was pretty convoluted.)", "\n\nThe name Pennygaff was actually the name of a cheap Victorian theatre entertainment, but here we’ll assume that it derives from Pen-y-gaff, literally the “head of the River Gaff”. ", "The ambiguous map is unclear where the Gaff actually rises, though it appears to eventually join the River Malyn en route to the sea (though of that we can’t be sure). ", "Did Joan have a model in mind for the community of Pennygaff?", "\n\nI’d like to put in a plea for Crickhowell, a small market settlement on the A40 road to Brecon. ", "While not exact there are some correspondences. ", "Joan’s route to Brecon may well in 1967 taken her across the newly built Severn Bridge — completed in 1966 — and then possibly up north from Newport towards Raglan (on the pre-1970 A449) before turning west towards Abergavenny and on through Crickhowell. ", "I mention this because I’ve noted a few correspondences between this small market town and Joan’s Pennygaff.", "\n\nFirst off, there’s a bridge over the River Usk, as there is over the Gaff; Crickhowell Bridge just happens to be the longest stone bridge in Wales. ", "Like many bridges with medieval origins there is an inn by the river: Crickhowell has its imaginatively named Bridge End Inn, while Pennygaff has The Dragon of Gwaun (pronounced ‘gwine’, meaning moorland), described as “small, glum-looking … rather too close for comfort to the foaming Gaff”. ", "Crickhowell does indeed have a Dragon Inn but it’s up the hill, on the High Street. ", "Both settlements are in their respective Black Mountains, Crickhowell being a popular centre for walkers, with a road leading eastwards towards Hereford just as at Pennygaff. ", "An 1872 map of Crickhowell shows a spit of land (long since gone) which could be the inspiration for Pennygaff’s island monastery of St Ennodawg; though as Bullpit Meadows — the low ground west of Crickhowell — is liable to be isolated by flooding, that instead could be the model (as the 1872 map suggests).", "\n\nOn the other hand, Crickhowell is a good 90 miles as the crow flies from the Irish Sea compared to Pennygaff’s mere twenty. ", "Also, as with many Welsh communities, both localities boast competing chapels but neither of Pennygaff’s named institutions — the Habakkuk Chapel (the Separated Rogationists?) ", "or the ex-Detached Baptists Chapel (now the Museum which Owen’s grandfather runs) — necessarily corresponds with Crickhowell’s now defunct nonconformist chapels. ", "There is no school building corresponding to the Jones Academy for the Sons of Gentlemen and Respectable Tradesmen, but the “high stone pillars which flanked the gateway” of the establishment may have been inspired by Crickhowell’s Town Hall completed in 1834; its pairs of Doric columns in an English Renaissance façade (said to be based on the style of Inigo Jones) front a sheltered market space originally protected by the sort of “close-set iron railings” that Owen peers out through in the opening page of the novel.", "\n\nMy conjectural plan of Pennygaff therefore must be taken as extremely tentative. ", "In any case, Joan’s whole concept of Wales is born of the pick-and-mix approach: magpie-like, she chooses what appeals as well as suiting the needs of her narrative. ", "The same applies elsewhere in The Whispering Mountain: when we travel on the turnpike road to Caer Malyn, with its castle and its harbour at Port Malyn, it becomes more likely that the localities are an amalgam of places and structures.", "\n\nCaer Malyn is a case in point. ", "This “blighted, down-at-heel” hamlet — as the Seljuk sees it — is clearly somewhere on the coast of Cardigan Bay facing the Irish Sea (vaguely suggested by ‘Atlantic Ocean’ on Pat Marriott’s map). ", "The ‘Shambles Light” appears to be inspired by the Portland Bill Lighthouse, an 18th-century predecessor of which helped warn of the Shambles sandbank near Weymouth, but also recalls Strumble Head lighthouse on the Pembrokeshire coast in West Wales. ", "Perhaps the origins of Caer Malyn at the end of a Roman road is somewhat akin to Segontium, a ruined Roman fort on the Roman road called Sarn Helen, now part of Caernarfon and lying near the famous castle.", "\n\nHowever the positioning of Malyn Castle reminds us more of somewhere like Aberystwyth Castle (with its ruined north gateway on a hill overlooking the sea) or, more famously, Harlech Castle on its clifftop eyrie (Malyn has its Cliffs of Draig, named from a dragon). ", "However, as Wales is known — from the sheer density of medieval fortifications here — as the Land of Castles, any one or several could have been the inspiration, even landlocked examples such as the scant remains of Alisby’s Castle at Crickhowell or even Raglan Castle which Joan may have seen en route to Brecon. ", "Malyn Castle is described as being sited on the side of a steep hill, accessible via a precipitous narrow zigzag path from Caer Malyn. ", "On its seaward side it stands on the brink of a cliff a thousand feet above the waves, its granite walls dominating both port and town at its foot.", "\n\nAberystwyth Castle\n\nHarlech Castle (1831) by Henry Gastineau\n\nCrickhowell Castle, 1831\n\nMoat at Raglan Castle\n\nClearly Malyn Castle is one of those great castles built either at Edward I’s behest or by one or other of the Welsh princes and lords who resisted the English between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries; it will have comprised a keep (possibly sited over a motte), an inner ward ringed by walls and towers and a gatehouse to protect the outer ward. ", "A range of rooms ran along the west side towards the north tower, including a hall forty feet long.", "The Marquess added to the castle’s comforts by having pipes laid from Nant Agerddau to the Castle to keep it warm, capitalising on the ‘hot vapour’. ", "Four hundred feet below the castle were cellars and dungeons, and below that a cavern reached by a concealed mine entrance.", "\n\nMap of Malyn Castle, port and town\n\nAs mentioned earlier the name Malyn suggests a number of origins, none mutually exclusive: (1) from malign; (2) from Malin Head, the northernmost point in Ireland; (3) from Welsh melyn meaning ‘yellow’, after the collection of gold objects the Marquess (and probably his predecessors) had amassed.", "\n\nWe finally take the turnpike road to Nant Agerddau, the “stream of vapours” and the peak that dominates it, Fig-hat Ben. ", "Let me begin with the mountain. ", "First of all, the name suggests it has a human character, and that would be a natural assumption to make. ", "It not only gives the book its title but accentuates the mountain’s brooding presence in the area and its decisive role in the literal downfall of the Marquess and Malyn Castle. ", "But Y Mynydd Sibrwd — the whispering mountain — is also called Ben because it is an approximation of at least two Welsh words for a mountain peak. ", "Pen, ‘head’ or ‘end’ depending on where you start is a common name for a peak in Welsh; under certain conditions pen can mutate to ben. ", "Then there’s ban, which means ‘peak’ or ‘beacon’ (plural bannau) — as in Bannau Brecheiniog, the Brecon Beacons, and Pen y Fan (literally ‘the top of the peak’, in this case the highest summit in the Beacons) where Fan is a mutated form of Ban.", "\n\nNow what about ‘fig-hat’ in relation to this mountain peak? ", "Owen thinks the “craggy hill” bears “a strong resemblance to a man wearing a large, flat hat”. ", "Pat Marriott opts in the Puffin paperback editions to show Fig-hat Ben as a mountain with the profile of a human face under a wide-brimmed hat. ", "Even if you interpret the hat brim as a cloud halo around the peak I rather think this is to miss the point. ", "I suspect the ‘fig-hat’ of the novel is more like a traditional felt beret with a pointy stem at the crown rather like that of — well, a fig. ", "But I’m happy to be corrected!", "\n\nMy guess is that Fig-hat Ben is a conflation of two distinctive peaks. ", "The first is Pen y Fan, the main summit of the Brecon Beacons, which has suggested the ‘Ben’ element. ", "The second is The Sugar Loaf by Abergavenny, which Joan will have seen if she travelled along the A40 trunk road towards Brecon. ", "In Welsh this iconic peak, looking like a conical volcano, is called Pen-y-fâl; it is this I believe which, when viewed in profile from the east or the west, most resembles the beret or ‘fig hat’ that Joan may have had in mind for the Whispering Mountain. ", "Of course, as the man under “the large flat hat” is nowhere evident it’s more than possible that she was also thinking of other iconic Welsh peaks, from the highest point in Mid Wales — Plynlimon — to Cadair Idris in southern Snowdonia.", "\n\nSugar Loaf mountain in the Black Mountains, viewed from the west above Crickhowell\n\nIn the shadow of Fig-hat Ben lies Nant Agerddau, named from the ‘stream of vapours’ issuing from the mountain; one of Owen’s captors refers to it as “drodsome” and “a doomid outistical sort o’ place”. ", "This community lies “not more than ten or eleven miles south” of where Owen and the boys discovered the injured Prince of Wales along the course of the River Gaff. ", "It is approached through a narrow gorge which then opens out, allowing houses and shops, municipal buildings and an inn to be built on more or less level ground. ", "Some danger threatens from cliff overhangs, including a row of five cottages which have had to be abandoned (it is in the middle one that Owen is briefly imprisoned).", "\n\nA quarter of a mile up the gorge is Brother Ianto’s cave, with a vertical cliff behind. ", "Other landmarks include The Boar’s Head Inn, the Town Hall in the middle of Nant Agerddau and, adjacent to it, the tourist entrance to the Devil’s Leap cave, leading into the heart of the mountain. ", "At the top end of the gorge is a disused quarry which now provides an open space for a fair. ", "Old adits in the quarry walls lead off to a labyrinth of disused gold mine workings.", "\n\nWelsh gold was actually mined in two main areas, one in northwest Wales and the other just outside the Brecon Beacons National Park, at Dolaucothi between Llandovery and Lampeter, worked extensively in the Roman period. ", "It’ll be the Dolaucothi mines that will have interested Joan, especially because the Romans’ use of aqueducts and leats will have justified the underground route from the Devil’s Leap cave to the original Roman settlement at Caer Malyn.", "\n\nThe world of the Wolves Chronicles is both similar and dissimilar to ours. ", "Apart from anything else, if my surmises are correct then this world’s Wales is squeezed tight round its waist, real distances are exaggerated and the time to travel them greatly distorted — though we could put that down to human error — rather as we noted when we travelled with Dido through South America from the east coast to the Andes.", "\n\nBut in alternate worlds, as in alternate history, the author is Creator and can arrange things how they like. ", "Only in this Wales of the 1830s will such apparently dismal, blighted and drodsome places as Pennygaff, Caer Malyn and Nant Agerddau exist.", "\n\nImpressive research, Chris! ", "Details most readers miss. ", "I’m still under the illusion I’ll be able to read all the books, so I usually hurry too much… when the time comes, to revisit “Wolves Chronicles”, I’ll remember this post, for the time being – I’ve acquired one of Aiken’s anthologies, I hope to feel the magic of childhood again.", "\n\nIt’s a wonderful feeling to visit places known from your favourite fiction, if only one could vacation in Middle-Earth…\n\nThanks, Piotrek, as I couldn’t find much written about this series (compared with the libraries of studies devoted to Tolkien, Lewis, Pullman etc) I felt I had to research and write it myself! ", "And yes, Aiken’s short stories are magical, what drew me on in the first place to explore her novels.", "\n\nThose diddy little mountains certainly can’t compete with Europe’s, or indeed the other continents, but they do have a charm of their own. ", "And the early study of their geology gave the world terms like Cambrian, Devonian and Ordovician after all’s said and done!", "\n\nTo be honest, my favourite hiking areas are mostly 1000-1300m, not much higher 🙂 Some of the wildest and most beautiful parts of southern Poland, and not as many annoying tourists as in the highest ranges, like the Tatras. ", "Black Mountains on your photo look just like parts of our Beskidy Mountains…\n\nIt so happens that we now live in these very same Black Mountains I describe, indeed in what I pretend to be a model for Pennygaff. ", "🙂 It’s true, those ties you mention, which is why in the UK tourist honeytraps like ‘Brontë Country’ are such a draw. ", "Thanks for your compliment, glad it worked for you!", "\n\nFascinating post Chris, and I think you’re absolutely on the button with your locations – though I’d like to suggest Carreg Cennen castle with its precipitous siting and passageway to the subterranean cave. ", "Of course it’s not coastal – so what about Llansteffan?", "\n\nYes of course, Carreg Cennen — somewhere I’ve yet to visit but have had recommended to often — would be an excellent model, especially for the features you mention. ", "Llansteffan has a fine situation, especially when viewed from the train as it approaches Ferryside, though I don’t know if Joan Aiken got to visit it. ", "In fact, apart from Brecon, I have no idea where she travelled to when doing her research, and all my suggestions above are pure speculation!" ]

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[ "Zverinogolovsky District\n\nZverinogolovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kurgan Oblast, Russia. ", "It is located in the south of the oblast. ", "The area of the district is . ", "Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Zverinogolovskoye. ", "Population: 11,755 (2002 Census). ", "The population of Zverinogolovskoye accounts for 42.7% of the district's total population.", "\n\nHistory\nThe district was established in 1992.", "\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nSources\n\nCategory:Districts of Kurgan Oblast\n\n__NOTOC__" ]

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[ "\n\"add item title\" = \"Tilføj almindelig tekst…\";\n\"edit item title\" = \"Rediger almindelig tekst…\";\n\"remove item title\" = \"Fjern almindelig tekst\";\n\n\"get info title\" = \"Vis info\";\n\"get info tip\" = \"Nyttige oplysninger om valgte kilde\";\n\n\"reveal in finder title\" = \"Vis\";\n\"reveal in finder tip\" = \"Vis valgte kilde i Finder\";\n\n\"open in finder title\" = \"Åben\";\n\"open in finder tip\" = \"Åben valgte kilde i dets standard program\";\n\"open with tip\" = \"Åben valgte med %@\";\n\n\"address record show title\" = \"Vis\";\n\"address record show tip\" = \"Åben i adressebogen\";\n\n\"address record email title\" = \"E-mail\";\n\"address record email tip\" = \"Start en ny e-mail til afsenderen\";\n\t\t\n\"address record browse title\" = \"Browse\";\n\"address record browse tip\" = \"Browse tekstens tilknyttede web site\";\n\n\n\"mail message compose title\" = \"Opret\";\n\"mail message compose tip\" = \"Start en ny e-mail til afsenderen\";" ]

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[ "################################################################################\n#\n# Linux driver for VMware's vmxnet3 ethernet NIC.", "\n#\n# Copyright (C) 2007-2016, VMware, Inc. All Rights Reserved.", "\n#\n# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the\n# Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License and no later version.", "\n#\n# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but\n# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, GOOD TITLE or\n# NON INFRINGEMENT. ", " See the GNU General Public License for more\n# details.", "\n#\n# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.", "\n#\n# The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution in\n# the file called \"COPYING\".", "\n#\n# Maintained by: pv-drivers@vmware.com\n#\n#\n################################################################################\n\n#\n# Makefile for the VMware vmxnet3 ethernet NIC driver\n#\n\nobj-$(CONFIG_VMXNET3) += vmxnet3.o\n\nvmxnet3-objs := vmxnet3_drv.o vmxnet3_ethtool.o\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "You Thought we Had a Two Party System?", "\n\nI preface this post with some very powerful quotes that set the stage for the argument to follow. ", "Take the time to read them.", "\n\n“We are grateful to The Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine & other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promise of discretion for almost 40 years. ", "It would have been impossible for us to develop our plans for the world if we had been subject to the bright lights of publicity during those years”. – ", "David Rockerfeller, Bildenberg Conference\n\n“The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary.” — ", "H.L. Mencken (1918)\n\n“Our job is to give people not what they want, but what we decide they ought to have.” – ", "Richard Salent, Former President CBS News.", "\n\n“Our contemporaries are constantly excited by two conflicting passions: they want to be led, and they wish to remain free. ", "As they cannot destroy either the one or the other of these contrary propensities, they strive to satisfy them both at once. ", "They devise a sole, tutelary, and all-powerful form of government, but elected by the people. ", "They combine the principle of centralization and that of popular sovereignty; this gives them a respite: they console themselves for being in tutelage by the reflection that they have chosen their own guardians. ", "Every man allows himself to be put in leading-strings, because he sees that it is not a person or a class of persons, but the people at large who hold the end of his chain”.–Alexis de Tocqueville\n\nThe CFR embraces members of both major American political parties. ", "It is not a partisan organization. ", "Voters are led to believe that, by choosing between the Democrat and Republican parties, they have a choice. ", "They think they are participating in their own political destiny, but that is an illusion. ", "To a collectivist like Professor Quigley, it is a necessary illusion to prevent the voters from meddling into the important affairs of state. ", "If you have ever wondered why the two American parties appear so different at election timebut so similar afterward, listen carefully to Quigley’s approving overview of American politics:\n\nThe National parties and their presidential candidates, with the Eastern Establishment assiduously fostering the process behind the scenes, moved closer together and nearly met in the center with almost identical candidates and platforms,although the process was concealed as much as possible, by the revival of obsolescent or meaningless war cries and slogans (often going back to the Civil War). … ", "The argument that the two parties should represent opposed ideals and policies, one, perhaps, of the Right and the other of the Left, is a foolish idea acceptable only to the doctrinaire and academic thinkers. ", "Instead, the two parties should be almost identical, so that the American people can “throw the rascals out” at any election without leading to any profound or extreme shifts in policy. … ", "Either party in office becomes in time corrupt, tired, unenterprising, and vigorless. ", "Then it should be possible to replace it, every four years if necessary, by the other party, which will be none of these things but will still pursue, with new vigor, approximately the same basic policies.", "Quigley, Tragedy, pp. ", "1247–1248.", "\n\nWhat are those basic policies? ", "They are anything that advances the network’s long range goal. ", "Quigley says that candidates and parties can and should differ on many things so long as they mutually advance world government based on the model of collectivism. ", "While campaigning, they should appear to be fierce opponents; but when the elections are over, they must work in harmony for the main objective. ", "Everything else is showmanship. ", "Let us examine a few examples.", "\n\nIn the Carter Administration, the U.S. electorate was overwhelmingly opposed togiving away the Panama Canal, yet the leadership of both parties voted to do so, led on both sides of the isle by members of the CFR.", "\n\nRepublicans call for war in the Middle East and advocate that we give more power to the UN. ", "Democrats call for peace and advocate that we give more power to the UN. ", "The voters don’t want that, but it is a goal of CFR. ", "Neither party objects to the fact that a UN resolution was the legal basis for war rather than the U.S. Constitution.", "\n\nRepublicans promote legislation to restrict personal rights in the name of antiterrorism. ", "Democrats give speeches of concern and then vote for those laws. ", "The voters don’t want that, but it is the goal of the CFR. ", "The legislation was written by members of the CFR even before 9/11.", "\n\nRepublicans give speeches about the danger of illegal immigration. ", "Democrats give speeches about compassion to immigrants. ", "Both parties unite in merging the U.S. with Mexico and Canada so that national borders soon will be meaningless. ", "The voters don’t want that, but it is the goal of CFR.", "\n\nRepublican leaders steal elections with rigged voting machines. ", "Democrat leaders accept their fate with no serious challenge. ", "That’s because rigging elections by preprogrammed voting machines is merely the latest and perhaps ultimate implementation of the Quigley Formula. ", "It’s the end of the line for honest elections and representative government.", "\n\nThe leaders of both political parties are like TV wrestlers. ", "They put on a great show in the ring. ", "They slam each other onto the mat. ", "They jump on each other, pummel each other with apparently bone-breaking blows. ", "They throw each other out of the ring; but it is not a real contest. ", "They have agreed in advance who is going to win, and they are content to wait their turn to be the winner next time. ", "They are professionals, and it’s good for business.", "\n\nLikewise, politicians today are professionals. ", "They also know what is good for their business, and they play the game well. ", "Meanwhile, voters are like tennis balls, smashed back and forth across the net of politics. ", "The tennis players win half the time, but the tennis ball never wins. ", "And so the game goes on, as our nation and freedom fade into history.", "\n\nCONTROLLED OPPOSITION\n\nThis game would not be convincing without the media pied pipers who serve the two major parties. ", "These celebrity-status commentators and organizations offer themselves as unbiased observers with no political ambitions of their own; but, in reality, they are highly partisan propagandists. ", "No matter what grave issue is up for discussion, their analysis will skew it as a reason to vote Republican or Democrat, depending on their bias. ", "Here are a few examples.", "\n\nTalk-show host, Rush Limbaugh, does a great job of exposing and ridiculing corrupt Democrats and their policies, but he never met a Republican he didn’t like. ", "He may gently criticize Republicans once in a while, but never with the vitriol heaped upon Democrats. ", "He may express disdain now and then for the United Nations but only because it is not strong enough or because it fails to take what Republicans consider to be the correct action. ", "He never questions its power or legitimacy – and, of course, he never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nFilm producer, Michael Moore, does a great job of exposing and ridiculing corrupt Republicans and their policies, but he never met a Democrat he didn’t like. ", "He’s all for the United Nations and never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nThe organization called Accuracy in Media does a great job of exposing deceit and treachery within the ranks of Democrats, but it finds little to criticize in the Republican camp and never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nThe organization called Move-On does a great job of exposing deceit and treachery within the ranks of Republicans, but it finds little to criticize in the Democrat camp and never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nThe Internet news and commentary service, Human Events Online, calls itself a “conservative” weekly; but it is an obedient supporter of the Republican Party even when it’s policies are the opposite of traditional conservatism. ", "It never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nThe editors of the Internet news service, Unknown News, say they are disgusted with both parties because they do not offer serious solutions to the problems they mutually have created. ", "Hooray! ", "But, in their commentary, they routinely identify corrupt Republicans by party label (implying they are scumbags because they are Republicans). ", "They usually omit the party label when reporting on corrupt Democrats. ", "If they do include it, they often accompany it by saying: “Even the Democrats” were involved with this or failed to oppose that. ", "The clear message is that they expect more from the Democrats. ", "Unknown News reports the deeds of such corrupt world leaders, as Putin, Castro, and Chavez in sympathetic or admiring tones. ", "We are never reminded of their failures or crimes. ", "Domestic leaders who are Marxist/Leninists also receive favorable coverage, which reveals that the affinity of its editors is with Leninism. ", "Collectivism is their solution-of-choice for every problem. ", "They are disgusted with both political parties, not because they have led us deeper into collectivism, but because they are not aligned with Leninism. ", "The Democrats are more so,in the sense that most U.S. based Leninists are within the Democrat Party and have a strong 17 voice there, which explains the more gentle treatment the Democrats receive from UnknownNews. ", "It never mentions the CFR.", "\n\nTHE POLITICS OF PLUNDER, STUPIDITY, AND HATRED\n\nThe result of this two-party charade is that Americans – and those in most other countries in the Western World – are the victims of a great deception. ", "Voters have been\n\nfooled into thinking they are participating in their own political destiny when, in reality, they are being herded into a high-tech feudalism entirely without their consent and, to a large degree, even without their knowledge. ", "This is accomplished by the mirage of a meaningful choice at election time when, in fact, the major parties and their candidates are merely two branches of the same tree of collectivism. ", "Voters today are not attracted to candidates because of their political principles. ", "They have none. ", "Political principles are never allowed as a topic of debate, anyway. ", "Instead, voters make choices on the basis of candidates’ good looks, their smiles, how clever they are in televised debates, their perceived sincerity, and especially how many “benefits” they promise to give to some citizens that are paid from taxes from other citizens. ", "Legalized plunder is a powerful motivator, and it is used with precision by both major parties.", "\n\nMany voters have come to regard elections as magnificent games in which only the cleverest contestants are entitled to win. ", "They become fascinated by the strategies and deployment of resource, and techniques for evading tough issues, and cleverness of TV spots, and ability to appeal to large voting blocs. ", "They don’t really care who wins as much as they want to pick the winner. ", "To them, it’s like betting in a football pool. ", "They may favor one team over another, but they will place their bet on the team they think stands the best chance of winning, even if it is not their favorite. ", "Winning is everything. ", "That is how they cast their votes. ", "They may prefer a certain candidate, but they will not vote for him if they think someone else will win. ", "How many times have we heard: “I like Bill Smith but he can’t win. ", "So I’m voting for Harry Stone.” ", "All the media has to do is convince people that Bill Smith can’t win, and that will influence enough people to withdraw their vote and make the prediction a self-fulfilling prophecy. ", "The primary purpose of a vote is, not to choose a winner, but to express a choice. ", "It is to create a public record of how many people support the policies and principles of a particular candidate so that, even if he does not win, the winner and the community will be aware of how much support the losing candidate has. ", "It is the ultimate public-opinion poll. ", "We do not want a winner-take-all type of system where those who are considered to have the best chance of winning receive an overwhelming but misleading vote of support. ", "A tyrant who receives 51% of the vote will be more restrained than one who has 80%. ", "The good man who receives 49% of the vote, even though not a winner, becomes a rallying point for those of like mind. ", "He becomes a much more serious contender in the next election than if he receives only 20% of the vote.", "\n\nThere is no point in voting for a candidate unless it is a true reflection of our choice. ", "Representative government is serious business, and treating it as a football pool is succumbing to the politics of stupidity.", "\n\nThere is a third scenario that is even worse. ", "Voters may vote for Harry Stone, not because they think he has a better chance than Bill Smith but because they think he is the lesser of two evils. ", "They vote, not for someone but against someone. ", "It’s not that they like candidate A but they hate candidate B. This is exactly as prescribed by the Quigley Formula. ", "Quigley said that a controlled two-party system will allow people to “throw the 18 rascals out” and replace them with a fresh team with new vigor so the government can continue the bi-partisan drive toward global collectivism with the support of the electorate –until the next cycle when it may be advantageous to swing back again to the previous party. ", "If people wonder why we have evil in government, it’s because they voted for it. ", "The lesser of two evils is still evil. ", "This is the politics of hatred, and it is a highly effective weapon against those who are not aware of the tactic – which is to say, most voters. ", "Voting for a candidate because we hate the other one, and thinking that we cannot go outside the two-party system because a third-party candidate cannot win, is a trap." ]

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[ "click to enlarge John Walters\n\nJames Ehlers\n\nOn Thursday night, Democratic gubernatorial candidate James Ehlers expressed serious reservations about S.55, one of the three gun bills that became law in Vermont this year.", "\"There are elements of S.55 that aren't going to make things safer,\" he said, and added that the legislation puts \"Vermonters in the position of feeling that they are breaking the law.", "\"His words were very similar to those of Sen. John Rodgers (D-Essex/Orleans), a Democratic write-in candidate for governor and strong supporter of gun rights. \"", "All we did was turn law-abiding citizens into criminals,\" Rodgers said in an August 2 debate sponsored by VTDigger.org and Burlington's Channel 17. ", "S.55 included four separate measures related to gun ownership. ", "It required background checks for most gun sales, prohibited most sales to people under age 21, and banned sales of large-capacity ammunition magazines and also of bump stocks, which allow guns to fire faster.", "Ehlers made the statement during a televised debate posted online by Vermont PBS. ", "The other three Democrats on the August 14 primary ballot — Christine Hallquist, Brenda Siegel and Ethan Sonneborn — gave full-throated support to this year's gun bills and also advocated for a ban on assault weapons, which Ehlers opposes.", "In the debate, Ehlers gave total support to two of the three gun bills that became law: S.221 , which allows judges to issue \"extreme risk orders\" against individuals who pose an imminent threat to themselves or others; and H.422 , which allows police to confiscate firearms from a person arrested or cited for domestic violence. ", "Ehlers did not specify which parts of S.55 he found objectionable.", "There was more clarity in a July 30 article in the, which reported that Ehlers \"disagrees with the magazine restriction, calling it a burden to law enforcement and an ineffective measure.", "\"But in a July 31 debate on WCAX-TV, Ehlers expressed support for S.55 without any reservations.", "Campaign spokesperson Sarah Anders, in an emailed response, said that Ehlers \"does generally support the bills.", "\"In his public statements, however, Ehlers sometimes supports the bills entirely and sometimes \"generally.", "\"In early April, when Gov. Phil Scott was preparing to sign all three bills in a public ceremony on the Statehouse steps, Ehlers' camp had some trouble articulating his stance. \"", "We're still talking through things ourselves and with various stakeholders,\" said campaign manager Theo Fetter.", "When asked for clarification, Anders replied that \"[Ehlers] supports all of the bills.", "\"No \"generally\" about it.", "It seems as though Ehlers is either trying to have it both ways or is walking a very fine line with occasional stumbles.", "It is a tough issue for him. ", "As a candidate, he is trying to appeal to the progressive wing of the Democratic electorate, who overwhelmingly favor gun restrictions. ", "But in Ehlers' years as a clean-water advocate, his base has included both progressive environmentalists and supporters of Second Amendment absolutism.", "Ehlers' temporizing hasn't scored him any points with Gun Owners of Vermont, the gun-rights group that sees no distinction between Ehlers, Hallquist, Siegel and Sonneborn, labeling them all as \"Extremely Anti-Gun\" while describing Rodgers as \"Strong Pro-Second Amendment.", "\"\"James is a good guy. ", "I consider him a friend,\" said Ed Cutler, president of Gun Owners of Vermont. \"", "But his statements and our conversations have shown him to be anti-gun.", "\"Cutler said that he spoke extensively with Ehlers earlier in the campaign. \"", "He wanted us to sit down with the Gun Sense people and compromise,\" Cutler said, referring to the gun-control organization Gun Sense Vermont. ", "This idea went nowhere, and Cutler expressed a bit of sadness at Ehlers' stance.", "\"I'd love to sit down with him and change his mind,\" Cutler said." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThis invention pertains to improvements in timing and control circuits, and, more particularly, to externally tunable timing circuits, and methods for operating such circuits. ", "The invention also pertains to improvements in circuits and methods for synchronizing a plurality of timers, and to improvements in detonators for explosives, or the like.", "\n2. ", "Technical Background\nA variety of applications exists for timing control systems. ", "This is especially true in those instances in which a control unit starts one or more timing circuits that generate a signal after a predefined delay period. ", "The delay period may be individually programmed into each circuit through the control unit. ", "The timing circuits are often located at an operation site selected to reduce reliability problems that can result from interference or physical stress. ", "Systems are often formed with multiple timing circuits, and are useful to control time sequenced operations, particularly in performing the individual operations at different locations.", "\nIn many systems applications, such as those involving generating acoustic or vibration waveforms, control of the sequence of operations to accuracies ranging between milliseconds and microseconds often may be necessary. ", "The stability of the oscillator upon which clock signals are based in each timing circuit is important to the accuracy of the event timing. ", "To achieve this reliability, crystal oscillators can be used in many applications. ", "While crystal oscillators are normally accurate, they are generally unsatisfactory for operation in harsh vibration environments, such as those experienced, for instance, in the blasting industry. ", "On the other hand, the performance of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is normally stable by high impact shock waves of the type generated by explosive charges. ", "Nevertheless, circuits that incorporate VCOs are known to experience rapid frequency drifts.", "\nIn theory, a solution to the problem of frequency drift in a time delay system formed with VCOs should entail calibration of either the clock signal or the delay time before the control unit activates the timing circuit. ", "Efforts to carry out this approach have had limited success. ", "In systems that include a large number, for example, 100, timing circuits, the time required to input delay information under calibrated conditions can be long enough to allow some of the VCOs to drift.", "\nImproved time accuracies are being sought to provide greater control over blasting operations, and to improve the quality of data gained, for example, for seismic or similar analyses by the detonation of explosive charges in predetermined time sequences. ", "Also, in blasting operations, an improved accuracy in timing successive explosions can lead to greater control over ground vibration and the fracture of rock formations. ", "For example, in some instances it is desirable to control blasting detonations to provide reinforcing shock waves, improving blasting efficiency. ", "In other instances, it may also be desirable to generate secondary accurate shock waves to create a canceling effect on the propagation of other explosive blasts. ", "This nulling can be applied, for example, to limit damage due to ground vibrations propagating from the locus of blasting into remote, but sensitive, regions.", "\nFor example, U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,419,933 shows a system arrangement in which a central unit sequentially provides reference timing signals to some timing and load starting devices. ", "The timing signals provided to each device define a delay that is to precede starting a device. ", "Each delay defined by the timing signals is counted with a VCO clock signal generated on the corresponding device.", "\nThus, programming of the delay time can be done by counting oscillator clock pulses during a timed period corresponding to the desired delay. ", "After receiving a fire command from the control unit, each device generates the predefined delay period by counting out the same number of pulses. ", "Accuracy of this technique for implementing a programmable delay is, of course, dependent upon the stability of the clock frequency between the times at which programming begins and all operations have been started.", "\nWhen many devices are serially programmed for delay periods ranging up to several seconds, the programming process can be lengthy. ", "For example, when a thousand devices are programmed with varying delay periods, assuming the delay periods range from zero to 3 seconds with an average delay of 1.5 seconds, the time required for programming can be as high as 25 minutes. ", "The cumulative drift among the VCO clocks during a 25 minute period would make it difficult to maintain millisecond accuracy in the delay sequence, and would make microsecond accuracy unattainable.", "\nIn many applications, such as those involving detonation of explosive charges in which a number of timer circuits are employed, and in which critical timing relationships among the timers is desired to be maintained, often the destruction of one of the timers causes loss of synchronization or coordination among the remaining timers. ", "This may be especially true in those instances in which subsequent timers base their initial timing on previous timers. ", "Also, in such instances where successive timing is \"in series\" from one timer to the next, any timing errors in preceding timers results in similar timing errors in successive timers." ]

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[ "Higley Unified School District Parent Presentations\n\nHigley Unified School District Parent Presentations\n\nHigley Unified School District will host several parent presentations surrounding the topic of mental health over the next few months. ", "Three of the presentations will be held 6:30 to 7:30 p.m., at the Higley Unified School District Office, 2539 S. Recker Road, Gilbert.", "\n\nDr. Cheryl Smith, PsyD, LPC will run these events and be available to speak with individuals for 30 minutes following each session. ", "The Dec. 4 event will be run by Community Bridges at Williams Field High School." ]

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[ "An artist’s impression of Ross 128 b, a temperate, rocky planet about 11 light-years from Earth that could have the necessary conditions for maintaining liquid surface water. ", "Credit: European Southern Observatory/M. Kornmesser\n\nScientists looking for life on distant planets are making plans to search non-Earth-like planets based on discoveries within our solar system that are challenging long-standing ideas about habitable zones, plate tectonics and more.", "\n\nIn a new paper published online this week, Rice University geophysicist Adrian Lenardic and more than a dozen co-authors outline a path for both finding potential life signs around other stars and determining how likely it is that those signs are caused by alien life. ", "The paper, \"Exoplanet Biosignatures: Future Directions,\" is available online and due to be published in Astrobiology.", "\n\nLenardic, who specializes in studying planetary dynamics, also authored an associated paper, \"Volcanic-Tectonic Modes and Planetary Life Potential,\" that will be published as a chapter in the upcoming \"Handbook of Exoplanets\" from Springer Publishing.", "\n\n\"It used to be the thought that life could only exist in a narrow zone near a planet's star because you need to be there to maintain liquid water,\" said Lenardic, professor of Earth, environmental and planetary sciences. \"", "Then, we send Voyager out to a moon of Jupiter and, lo and behold, it shows strong indications of a subsurface ocean. ", "That's because there is another energy source that did not get its proper due—tidal forces from the intense gravitational pull of Jupiter.", "\n\n\"This has opened up the range over our own solar system in which life can exist, and I think a lot of the gist of the forthcoming papers is that much of what we're seeing is expanding the zone and expanding our thinking about the conditions needed for life. ", "So, as we look for life around other stars, we should also expand our search strategies or we might miss something.\"", "\n\nAstronomers have cataloged more than 3,700 planets around distant stars. ", "The 21-foot diameter mirror on the James Webb Space Telescope, which is set to launch in 2019, will be able to examine the atmospheres of rocky planets around distant stars, and astronomers are already designing future missions and instruments that will look for specific atmospheric signatures of life.", "\n\n\"A goal was to frame the problem,\" Lenardic said of the new biosignature paper, which sprang from an exoplanet workshop that brought together a range of scientists. \"", "The workshop team wanted to come up with a means of assigning a likelihood of life based on a given set of observations of a distant planet.\"", "\n\nHe said the search for exolife is a team sport that involves biologists, astronomers, planetary scientists and others who collaborate through groups such as NASA's Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) project and the European Space Agency's International Summer School in Astrobiology.", "\n\nLenardic's contribution is to examine how the internal energy of planets, and associated volcanic-tectonic activity, influence their climate and ability to sustain life.", "\n\n\"When I teach planetary science, one question I actually give students is, 'What is life? ", "Give me a definition.' ", "And it's not easy,\" Lenardic said. ", "He noted that students and working scientists have put forward a range of answers.", "\n\n\"But if we can agree on one thing, it's that life needs energy,\" he said. \"", "We've thought about the sun as an energy source for a long time, and we've come to appreciate a planet's internal energy, which comes from decay of radioactive elements within its rocky interior. ", "Jupiter's moons have taught us to also appreciate tidal forcing, and we're starting to find exoplanets that have orbits that allow for significant tidal forcing.\"", "\n\nLenardic said plate tectonics, much like the narrow habitable zone, is another long-held criterion for planetary habitability that is being challenged by recent findings.", "\n\nPlate tectonics is the large-scale process that governs the movements of Earth's crust.", "\n\n\"It is a particular surface manifestation of a planet's internal energy, but it is not the only possible mode of volcanic and tectonic activity on a planet,\" Lenardic said.", "\n\nOn Earth, plate tectonics plays a role in modulating climate, but the idea that plate tectonics is crucial for life is challenged by increasingly sophisticated models of planetary climates. ", "For example, in a January study in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Lenardic and colleagues showed how water could be maintained on worlds without plate tectonics. ", "The chapter in the upcoming \"Handbook of Exoplanets\" further explores this idea by considering planetary life potential under a range of tectonic modes that differ from Earth's.", "\n\n\"I'm an optimist,\" Lenardic said. \"", "We're at the first point in our history as humans where we might actually have some observations from other planets that we can use to test any of these ideas about life beyond our own. ", "It can be easy to be Earth-centric and assume that life requires a planet like our own. ", "But what we are seeing within our solar system is causing us to question this. ", "One of the things I have learned from the history of exploring our own solar system is to be prepared for surprise. ", "As we move beyond our solar system, in our search for life, that lesson is driving us to adapt our search strategies.\"" ]

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[ "--\n-- INET\n--\n-- prepare the table...\nDROP TABLE INET_TBL;\nERROR: table \"inet_tbl\" does not exist\nCREATE TABLE INET_TBL (c cidr, i inet);\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.226/24');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.0/26', '192.168.1.226');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/24');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.0/25');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/24');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1', '192.168.1.255/25');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.0.0.0', '10.1.2.3/8');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2.3', '10.1.2.3/32');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1.2', '10.1.2.3/24');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10.1', '10.1.2.3/16');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10.1.2.3/8');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '11.1.2.3/8');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '9.1.2.3/8');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::f1', '10:23::f1/64');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10:23::8000/113', '10:23::ffff');\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('::ffff:1.2.3.4', '::4.3.2.1/24');\n-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input:\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.2/30', '192.168.1.226');\nERROR: invalid cidr value: \"192.168.1.2/30\"\nLINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('192.168.1.2/30', '192.1...\n ^\nDETAIL: Value has bits set to right of mask.", "\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('1234::1234::1234', '::1.2.3.4');\nERROR: invalid input syntax for type cidr: \"1234::1234::1234\"\nLINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('1234::1234::1234', '::1...\n ^\n-- check that CIDR rejects invalid input when converting from text:\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('192.168.1.2/30'), '192.168.1.226');\nERROR: invalid cidr value: \"192.168.1.2/30\"\nLINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('192.168.1.2/30'), ...\n ^\nDETAIL: Value has bits set to right of mask.", "\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/24'), '::192.168.1.226');\nERROR: invalid cidr value: \"ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::/24\"\nLINE 1: INSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES (cidr('ffff:ffff:ffff:fff...\n ^\nDETAIL: Value has bits set to right of mask.", "\nSELECT '' AS ten, c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | cidr | inet \n-----+--------------------+------------------\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n(17 rows)\n\n-- now test some support functions\nSELECT '' AS ten, i AS inet, host(i), text(i), family(i) FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | inet | host | text | family \n-----+------------------+---------------+------------------+--------\n | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226/24 | 4\n | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226/32 | 4\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 4\n | 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0 | 192.168.1.0/25 | 4\n | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 4\n | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.255 | 192.168.1.255/25 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/24 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/16 | 4\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 4\n | 11.1.2.3/8 | 11.1.2.3 | 11.1.2.3/8 | 4\n | 9.1.2.3/8 | 9.1.2.3 | 9.1.2.3/8 | 4\n | 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::f1 | 10:23::f1/64 | 6\n | 10:23::ffff | 10:23::ffff | 10:23::ffff/128 | 6\n | ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::4.3.2.1 | ::4.3.2.1/24 | 6\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS ten, c AS cidr, broadcast(c),\n i AS inet, broadcast(i) FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | cidr | broadcast | inet | broadcast \n-----+--------------------+------------------+------------------+---------------------------------------\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.63/26 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.127/25\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.255/25\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.255.255.255/8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.255.255.255/8\n | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.0.0.0 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.255.255.255/8\n | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3\n | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.255/24 | 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.255/24\n | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.255.255/16 | 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.255.255/16\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.255.255.255/8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.255.255.255/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.255.255.255/8 | 11.1.2.3/8 | 11.255.255.255/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.255.255.255/8 | 9.1.2.3/8 | 9.255.255.255/8\n | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1 | 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/64\n | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff/113 | 10:23::ffff | 10:23::ffff\n | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4 | ::4.3.2.1/24 | 0:ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS ten, c AS cidr, network(c) AS \"network(cidr)\",\n i AS inet, network(i) AS \"network(inet)\" FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | cidr | network(cidr) | inet | network(inet) \n-----+--------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------------\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.226/32\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0/25\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.128/25\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32\n | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.0/24\n | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.0/16\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8 | 11.0.0.0/8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8 | 9.0.0.0/8\n | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::/64\n | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff | 10:23::ffff/128\n | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::/24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS ten, c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS \"masklen(cidr)\",\n i AS inet, masklen(i) AS \"masklen(inet)\" FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | cidr | masklen(cidr) | inet | masklen(inet) \n-----+--------------------+---------------+------------------+---------------\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24 | 192.168.1.226/24 | 24\n | 192.168.1.0/26 | 26 | 192.168.1.226 | 32\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24 | 192.168.1.0/25 | 25\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24 | 192.168.1.255/24 | 24\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 24 | 192.168.1.255/25 | 25\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/32 | 32 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.1.2.3/32 | 32 | 10.1.2.3 | 32\n | 10.1.2.0/24 | 24 | 10.1.2.3/24 | 24\n | 10.1.0.0/16 | 16 | 10.1.2.3/16 | 16\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 11.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 9.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10:23::f1/128 | 128 | 10:23::f1/64 | 64\n | 10:23::8000/113 | 113 | 10:23::ffff | 128\n | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | 128 | ::4.3.2.1/24 | 24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS four, c AS cidr, masklen(c) AS \"masklen(cidr)\",\n i AS inet, masklen(i) AS \"masklen(inet)\" FROM INET_TBL\n WHERE masklen(c) <= 8;\n four | cidr | masklen(cidr) | inet | masklen(inet) \n------+------------+---------------+------------+---------------\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 10.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 11.1.2.3/8 | 8\n | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8 | 9.1.2.3/8 | 8\n(4 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS six, c AS cidr, i AS inet FROM INET_TBL\n WHERE c = i;\n six | cidr | inet \n-----+----------------+----------------\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n(2 rows)\n\nSELECT '' AS ten, i, c,\n i < c AS lt, i <= c AS le, i = c AS eq,\n i >= c AS ge, i > c AS gt, i <> c AS ne,\n i << c AS sb, i <<= c AS sbe,\n i >> c AS sup, i >>= c AS spe,\n i && c AS ovr\n FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | i | c | lt | le | eq | ge | gt | ne | sb | sbe | sup | spe | ovr \n-----+------------------+--------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----\n | 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.0/26 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | f | f | f | f\n | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | f | t | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | t | t\n | 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | f | f | f | t | t | t | t | t | f | f | t\n | 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | f | f | f | t | t | t | t | t | f | f | t\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/32 | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | f | t | t | t\n | 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32 | f | t | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | t | t\n | 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.0/24 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.0/16 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | t | f | t | t\n | 11.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | f | f | f | t | t | t | f | f | f | f | f\n | 9.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | f | f | f | f\n | 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::f1/128 | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | f | t | t | t\n | 10:23::ffff | 10:23::8000/113 | f | f | f | t | t | t | t | t | f | f | t\n | ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | t | t | f | f | f | t | f | f | t | t | t\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT max(i) AS max, min(i) AS min FROM INET_TBL;\n max | min \n-------------+-----------\n 10:23::ffff | 9.1.2.3/8\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT max(c) AS max, min(c) AS min FROM INET_TBL;\n max | min \n-----------------+------------\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10.0.0.0/8\n(1 row)\n\n-- check the conversion to/from text and set_netmask\nSELECT '' AS ten, set_masklen(inet(text(i)), 24) FROM INET_TBL;\n ten | set_masklen \n-----+------------------\n | 192.168.1.226/24\n | 192.168.1.226/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.0/24\n | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 192.168.1.255/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 10.1.2.3/24\n | 11.1.2.3/24\n | 9.1.2.3/24\n | 10:23::f1/24\n | 10:23::ffff/24\n | ::4.3.2.1/24\n(17 rows)\n\n-- check that btree index works correctly\nCREATE INDEX inet_idx1 ON inet_tbl(i);\nSET enable_seqscan TO off;\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<'192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(3 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i<<='192.168.1.0/24'::cidr;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(6 rows)\n\nSET enable_seqscan TO on;\nDROP INDEX inet_idx1;\n-- check that gist index works correctly\nCREATE INDEX inet_idx2 ON inet_tbl using gist (i inet_ops);\nSET enable_seqscan TO off;\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(3 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(6 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(6 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n(3 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n---+---\n(0 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n-------------+-------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n(8 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+----------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n(9 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+----------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(9 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(8 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(16 rows)\n\n-- test index-only scans\nEXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)\nSELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n QUERY PLAN \n---------------------------------------------------\n Sort\n Sort Key: i\n -> Index Only Scan using inet_idx2 on inet_tbl\n Index Cond: (i << '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)\n(4 rows)\n\nSELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n i \n------------------\n 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.226\n(3 rows)\n\nSET enable_seqscan TO on;\nDROP INDEX inet_idx2;\n-- check that spgist index works correctly\nCREATE INDEX inet_idx3 ON inet_tbl using spgist (i);\nSET enable_seqscan TO off;\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(3 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <<= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(6 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i && '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n(6 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >>= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n(3 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n---+---\n(0 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i < '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n-------------+-------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n(8 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+----------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n(9 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i = '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n----------------+----------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i >= '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(9 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i > '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(8 rows)\n\nSELECT * FROM inet_tbl WHERE i <> '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n c | i \n--------------------+------------------\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 9.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::4.3.2.1/24\n 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1/64\n 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n(16 rows)\n\n-- test index-only scans\nEXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)\nSELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n QUERY PLAN \n---------------------------------------------------\n Sort\n Sort Key: i\n -> Index Only Scan using inet_idx3 on inet_tbl\n Index Cond: (i << '192.168.1.0/24'::inet)\n(4 rows)\n\nSELECT i FROM inet_tbl WHERE i << '192.168.1.0/24'::cidr ORDER BY i;\n i \n------------------\n 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.255/25\n 192.168.1.226\n(3 rows)\n\nSET enable_seqscan TO on;\nDROP INDEX inet_idx3;\n-- simple tests of inet boolean and arithmetic operators\nSELECT i, ~i AS \"~i\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | ~i \n------------------+--------------------------------------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 63.87.254.29/24\n 192.168.1.226 | 63.87.254.29\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 63.87.254.255/24\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 63.87.254.255/25\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 63.87.254.0/24\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 63.87.254.0/25\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 245.254.253.252/8\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 245.254.253.252/8\n 10.1.2.3 | 245.254.253.252\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 245.254.253.252/24\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 245.254.253.252/16\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 245.254.253.252/8\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 244.254.253.252/8\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 246.254.253.252/8\n 10:23::f1/64 | ffef:ffdc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff0e/64\n 10:23::ffff | ffef:ffdc:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fbfc:fdfe/24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT i, c, i & c AS \"and\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | c | and \n------------------+--------------------+----------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.0\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.0.0.0\n 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.0/24\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.0.0/16\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.0.0.0/8\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 8.0.0.0/8\n 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1\n 10:23::ffff | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::8000\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::0.2.2.0\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT i, c, i | c AS \"or\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | c | or \n------------------+--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.226/24\n 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.0/26 | 192.168.1.226\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/25\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/24\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.255/25\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32 | 10.1.2.3\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.0/24 | 10.1.2.3/24\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.0/16 | 10.1.2.3/16\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 10.1.2.3/8\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 11.1.2.3/8\n 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::f1/128 | 10:23::f1\n 10:23::ffff | 10:23::8000/113 | 10:23::ffff\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | ::ffff:5.3.3.5\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT i, i + 500 AS \"i+500\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | i+500 \n------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.3.214/24\n 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.3.214\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.2.244/24\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.2.244/25\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.3.243/24\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.3.243/25\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.3.247/8\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.3.247/8\n 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.3.247\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.3.247/24\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.3.247/16\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.3.247/8\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 11.1.3.247/8\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 9.1.3.247/8\n 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::2e5/64\n 10:23::ffff | 10:23::1:1f3\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::4.3.3.245/24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT i, i - 500 AS \"i-500\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | i-500 \n------------------+----------------------------------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.167.255.238/24\n 192.168.1.226 | 192.167.255.238\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.167.255.12/24\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.167.255.12/25\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.0.11/24\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.0.11/25\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.0.15/8\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.0.15/8\n 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.0.15\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.0.15/24\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.15/16\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.1.0.15/8\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 11.1.0.15/8\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 9.1.0.15/8\n 10:23::f1/64 | 10:22:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fefd/64\n 10:23::ffff | 10:23::fe0b\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::4.3.0.13/24\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT i, c, i - c AS \"minus\" FROM inet_tbl;\n i | c | minus \n------------------+--------------------+------------------\n 192.168.1.226/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 226\n 192.168.1.226 | 192.168.1.0/26 | 226\n 192.168.1.0/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 0\n 192.168.1.0/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 0\n 192.168.1.255/24 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 255\n 192.168.1.255/25 | 192.168.1.0/24 | 255\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 66051\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/32 | 66051\n 10.1.2.3 | 10.1.2.3/32 | 0\n 10.1.2.3/24 | 10.1.2.0/24 | 3\n 10.1.2.3/16 | 10.1.0.0/16 | 515\n 10.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 66051\n 11.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | 16843267\n 9.1.2.3/8 | 10.0.0.0/8 | -16711165\n 10:23::f1/64 | 10:23::f1/128 | 0\n 10:23::ffff | 10:23::8000/113 | 32767\n ::4.3.2.1/24 | ::ffff:1.2.3.4/128 | -281470631346435\n(17 rows)\n\nSELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 257;\n ?", "column? ", " \n-----------\n 127.0.1.2\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT ('127.0.0.1'::inet + 257) - 257;\n ?", "column? ", " \n-----------\n 127.0.0.1\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127::1'::inet + 257;\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n 127::102\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT ('127::1'::inet + 257) - 257;\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n 127::1\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet - ('127.0.0.2'::inet + 500);\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n -500\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127.0.0.2'::inet - ('127.0.0.2'::inet - 500);\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n 500\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127::2'::inet - ('127::2'::inet + 500);\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n -500\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127::2'::inet - ('127::2'::inet - 500);\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n 500\n(1 row)\n\n-- these should give overflow errors:\nSELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet + 10000000000;\nERROR: result is out of range\nSELECT '127.0.0.1'::inet - 10000000000;\nERROR: result is out of range\nSELECT '126::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;\nERROR: result is out of range\nSELECT '127::1'::inet - '126::2'::inet;\nERROR: result is out of range\n-- but not these\nSELECT '127::1'::inet + 10000000000;\n ?", "column? ", " \n------------------\n 127::2:540b:e401\n(1 row)\n\nSELECT '127::1'::inet - '127::2'::inet;\n ?", "column? ", "\n----------\n -1\n(1 row)\n\n-- insert one more row with addressed from different families\nINSERT INTO INET_TBL (c, i) VALUES ('10', '10::/8');\n-- now, this one should fail\nSELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL;\nERROR: cannot merge addresses from different families\n-- fix it by inet_same_family() condition\nSELECT inet_merge(c, i) FROM INET_TBL WHERE inet_same_family(c, i);\n inet_merge \n-----------------\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 192.168.1.0/24\n 10.0.0.0/8\n 10.0.0.0/8\n 10.1.2.3/32\n 10.1.2.0/24\n 10.1.0.0/16\n 10.0.0.0/8\n 10.0.0.0/7\n 8.0.0.0/6\n 10:23::/64\n 10:23::8000/113\n ::/24\n(17 rows)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Q:\n\nlower current than expected through simple circuit powering laser diode\n\nI have a circuit I designed for a raspberry pi to turn a laser off and on. ", "I designed it to supply approx 22mA but it's barely getting 11mA. I've tried numerous tests but I can't figure out what's wrong\nCircuit:\n\nVcc = 5V, GPIO BCM 21 = 3.3V, voltage loss across laser (L1.V) = 4V \nFor that circuit, I tried to get R2 with the eq \n$$Vcc−I2R2−L1.V−Q1.V_{CE}=0 \\\\\nR2 = \\frac{1}{22mA} (5V - 0.02V (negligible) - 4V)$$\nwhich gave me $$R2 \\approx 49\\Omega$$\nUsing that, I've tested these values\n$$\n\\begin{align}\nI_{R2} &\\approx 10.8mA (!) \\\\", "\nI_{R1} &\\approx 1.8mA \\\\\nL1.V &\\approx 4.6V \\\\\nQ1.V_{CE} &\\approx 0.02V \\\\\n\\end{align}\n$$\nedit updated L1.V from 4 to 4.6\nupdate the laser isn't just a simple diode, it has integrated APC\nDatasheets\n2n4401 npn bjt\nsyd1230 laser (link is to HML1230 docs because SYD1230 docs do not appear to exist and laser closer resembles HML1230 in appearance, ie. ", "has focusable \n acrylic lens) \nI've looked over all the data sheets (the whopping 2 of them), rechecked calcs, design... I can't figure out what I didn't account for. ", "Why isn't \\$I_{R2}\\$ closer to the expected 22mA\n\nA:\n\nDid you check the power supply from which you power the LASER branch? ", "Summing all the voltage drops in that branch gives \n0.02V + 4V + 12mA × 49Ω = 4.6V, which are not the 5V you should have.", "\nIt seems that your power supply cannot handle so much current and is dropping out.", "\nCheck that your power source for that branch is not overloaded by other loads in your circuit, since 12mA seems a bit too low to overload a power supply, even small on-board regulators. ", "\nEDIT\nAfter you corrected your question and added the LASER's datasheet it becomes apparent that you are outside of that LASER's specs. ", "Just for a tiny 0.1V, now, but you could have damaged your laser during power-up when the whole 5V could have been fed to the LASER module. ", "\nThat module expects 4V constant voltage supply (&pm0.5V max). ", "Connect the module to a bench power supply set at exactly 4V and try if it's still working. ", "If it is, then follow the advice in a comment of @sstobbe: get rid of R2 and put a diode in series with the module. ", "\nFor extra safety, since at low currents diodes have a smaller voltage drop and so a 0.7V drop cannot be guaranteed (e.g., it could be 0.56V, depending on the diode actual model), it would be better to put two diodes in series, at least initially, just to be sure you work on the lower side of the specs. ", "\nAfter you measure the actual voltage drop across those diodes you might remove one and see if it works still in specs (but if it works with two diodes, maybe it's better to leave it that way, just in case your power rail has a small hiccup).", "\n\n" ]

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[ "import pyaf.", "Bench.", "TS_datasets as tsds\nimport tests.artificial.process_artificial_dataset as art\n\n\n\n\nart.process_dataset(N = 1024 , FREQ = 'D', seed = 0, trendtype = \"LinearTrend\", cycle_length = 30, transform = \"BoxCox\", sigma = 0.0, exog_count = 20, ar_order = 0);" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAnt exlude jar from path\n\nI have a path that looks like this\n<path id=\"classpath-ant\">\n <fileset dir=\"${lib-ant-dir}\">\n <include name=\"**/*.jar\" />\n </fileset>\n <pathelement location=\"${template-dir}/hibernate\" />\n <path refid=\"test-classpath\" />\n <path refid=\"ivy-ant-classpath\" />\n </path>\n\nMy test-classpath includes bunch of jars. ", "I want to exclude one jar (hibernate3.5.2.jar) from that path. ", "How can i do this. ", "\nI don't want to change the test-classpath and put an exclude there as it is used by other targets. ", "I want to modify classpath-ant such that it does not include one jar from path refid test-classpath\n\nA:\n\nYou could rename your test-classpath to classpath-common and then add the exclude there.", "\nThen, you could simply create a new path and include **/hibernate3.5.2.jar as follows:\n <path id=\"test-classpath\">\n <path refid=\"classpath-common\" />\n <fileset dir=\"${hibernate.dir}\">\n <include name=\"**/hibernate3.5.2.jar\" />\n </fileset>\n </path>\n\n <path id=\"classpath-ant\">\n <fileset dir=\"${lib-ant-dir}\">\n <include name=\"**/*.jar\" />\n </fileset>\n <pathelement location=\"${template-dir}/hibernate\" />\n <path refid=\"classpath-base\" />\n <path refid=\"ivy-ant-classpath\" />\n </path>\n\n" ]

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[ "Slanning baronets\n\nThe Slanning Baronetcy, of Maristow in the County of Devon, was a title in the Baronetage of England. ", "It was created on 19 January 1663 for Nicholas Slanning, of Maristow in the parish of Tamerton Foliot, Devon, later Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle and Penrhyn. ", "He was the son of Nicholas Slanning. ", "The title became extinct on the murder of the second Baronet in 1700.", "\n\nSlanning baronets, of Maristow (1663)\nSir Nicholas Slanning, 1st Baronet (1643–)\nSir Andrew Slanning, 2nd Baronet (c. 1674–1700)\n\nReferences\n\nState Trials Vol.18 p.305\n\nCategory:Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England\nCategory:1663 establishments in England" ]

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[ "Stress-induced versus preovulatory and pregnancy hormonal levels in modulating cytokine production following whole blood stimulation.", "\nEstradiol, progesterone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations are substantially increased during pregnancy. ", "Also, cortisol and prolactin levels are elevated during stress. ", "In the present study, we exposed peripheral blood to estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and cortisol alone or in combination for 24 h before stimulation with T-dependent (phytohemagglutinin, PHA) and independent activators (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) to study their immunomodulatory role in interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-10 production in a whole blood model. ", "This should be similar to in vivo exposure conditions such as long-term stress, preovulatory or pregnancy periods. ", "The present study showed that the stress-induced and preovulatory levels of prolactin and estradiol, respectively, increased the production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 levels (and IL-10 in the case of estradiol) in PHA + LPS-stimulated whole blood, and inhibited a hydrocortisone (100 nmol/l) suppressive effect on IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-10 productions. ", "In LPS-stimulated whole blood, however, prolactin enhanced only IL-10 production levels in a non-concentration-dependent manner. ", "Higher prolactin levels as in pregnancy did not modulate any of the cytokines, but pregnancy estradiol concentrations only induced higher IL-10 levels in PHA + LPS-stimulated whole blood. ", "All progesterone levels tested revealed no effect on any of the cytokines following whole blood stimulation. ", "Our results indicate that (1) a long exposure time of prolactin and estradiol to whole blood modulates the production of cytokines in a concentration- and stimulus-dependent manner; (2) stress-induced levels of prolactin and preovulatory estradiol concentrations can regulate cortisol-induced cytokine suppression, and (3) even though the cytokine pattern is different, pregnancy estradiol and cortisol levels decreased the IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio, thereby keeping the anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels favored during pregnancy, which could be useful in regulating inflammatory-mediated autoimmune diseases." ]

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[ "Follow Our Blog By Email\n\nSunday, June 21, 2009\n\nReally, what are mosquitos good for? ", "Anything? ", "Poor Lily got her legs eaten alive by an army of monster mosquitos when we went to look at our land the other night. ", "Curse those bloodsucking annoyances and the misery they spread! ", "It seems this year has been particularly fertile for the breeding of mosquitos. ", "Maybe it's because of the wet season we've had or something, but I've noticed that mosquitos are strong and plentiful this year. ", "Stock up on your repellants early- they're out to attack! ", "And, it's a good idea to purchase some good anti-itch sprays and creams while you're at it. ", "My little Lily was scratching her bites so hard in church that they started to bleed and she started to cry. ", "Once again, curse those mosquitos!", "\n\nA couple weeks ago, Stephen and I started reciting an Article of Faith each night before the girls went to bed. ", "It's amazing to me how quickly our children learn. ", "Lily can now recite the first and second Articles of Faith. ", "Amara is even picking up on it a bit. ", "Her version is \"We believe... Eternal Father... and Holy Ghost! ", "Here's a video of Lily reciting what she knows.", "\n\nAmara has become quite the singer. ", "Our nursery at church takes the children into the primary room for a 10 minute singing time in between the senior and junior primaries. ", "Today, when we went to church, she ran straight into the primary room instead of the nursery. ", "I told her that we had to go to nursery first, and she said, \"No! ", "Me want ta sing!\" ", "So, I picked her up and carried her towards the nursery and tried to explain to her that they would go to sing pretty soon, but she had to go play with toys first. ", "She cried and cried. ", "She just wanted to sing. ", "Here is her version of \"I love to see the temple.\"", "\n\nThat's right, folks! ", "Our foundation to our home is underway. ", "It was very exciting to come back to Roosevelt after 2 1/2 weeks in Utah Valley and find that some progress had been made on our home.", "\n\nBelow is a view from the back corner of our home.", "The photo below was taken from the back of our lot. ", "You'll probably have to click on it to make out any detail.", "Below is the view we have of the mountains and green field from our backyard.", "\n\nFriday, June 19, 2009\n\nMandy posted some darling photos on her blog of Lily's birthday party at Chuck E. Cheese. ", "Thanks Mandy for taking pictures! ", "I had forgotten my camera, so I'm glad you got some really good shots. ", "Below are a few of the pics. ", "See mmandj.blogspot.com for more of the pictures.", "\n\nChuck E. Cheese came around once for hugs and high 5s; however, April, my sister, said she saw him a lot. ", "Everytime she turned around he was there. ", "I think he was following her. ", "I only saw him once.", "\n\nLily really loved the clock ride, you can tell by the big smile on her face.", "\n\nAmara was really \"driving\" the car ride as fast as she could; it was as if she was competing against her cousin, Jaxon, to see who could steer faster.", "\n\nThanks to all who came to the party, and thank you again for the fun gifts and almost 600 well-earned tickets. ", "Lily is so loved.", "\n\nSunday, June 14, 2009\n\nWe enjoyed going to Wadley Farms in Lindon, Utah for Rachel's wedding. ", "We weren't going to be in town for it, but we decided we could prolong our trip in Utah Valley to support my cousin. ", "It was a really pretty place, and both the wedding and reception were beautiful. ", "I'm glad we stayed. ", "Of course, I couldn't leave without using this opportunity for a family photo shoot. ", "The weather was so nice, and the landscaping was all so gorgeous, I just couldn't leave without capturing it!", "\n\nYes, there's a cow on the other side of that fence. ", "Actually, there were a few cows, but one in particular must've thought we had food to feed it, because the second we approached the gate, he walked right up to us. ", "I think he waited a minute or so before he lifted his tail... then it was time to leave.", "I love it when my girls are nice to eachother. ", "Aw, so cute.", "\n\nTuesday, June 9, 2009\n\nLily is now 4! ", "She is so loved by so many that we actually have celebrated her birthday 3 times this year. ", "The first celebration was on her actual birthday. ", "I held a combined preschool/birthday party for Lily at our little apartment in Roosevelt. ", "We learned about animals and played games around that theme. ", "It was fun to have my mom there, even though she probably shouldn't have been because she was unknowingly fatally low on blood. ", "What a trooper! ", "We had fun! ", "We own a mini parachute and I had all the girls bring their favorite stuffed animal and we bounced them on the parachute outside. ", "Then, we used it as a picnic blanket and ate cake.", "\n\nSpeaking of cake, Lily picked out a cake design from a book that I had found at a yard sale for 25 cents. ", "I followed the instructions, with a few of my own variations, and I think the cake turned out very cute.", "Here's a snapshot of the teddy bear cake before it was presented to Lily.", "We made monkey masks for an activity. ", "The eyes have mini holes poked out, so the girls can see through the mask.", "This was a little game of \"I spy\" that we played, using toilet paper rolls as our telescopes. ", "I had posters of various animals taped to the walls around the room, and each girl took a turn finding an animal for everyone else to spy.", "\n\nBelow is a video of Lily's reaction to the balloons we scattered on the walls for her birthday. ", "Steve and Uncle Geoff blew up the balloons and taped them to the walls the night before. ", "So when Lily woke up, she had a happy birthday from the get-go. ", "Amara calls the balloons \"moons.\" ", "Sorry that I was a little out of it and I filmed the first 1/2 of her reaction with my camera turned on an angle." ]

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[ "A cemetery at a Christian monastery near the central Israeli town of Beit Shemesh, near Jerusalem, has been vandalised, reported Haaretz, with some 30 headstones found smashed yesterdy.", "\n\nAccording to the paper, “this is the second time that the cemetery of the Beit Jamal Monastery was defaced. ", "In 2013, a firebomb was thrown at a door and hateful slogans were scrawled on the monastery walls.”", "\n\nIn addition, “it was also damaged in a hate crime in 2016, when unknown perpetrators entered the prayer house and smashed statues.”", "\n\nIsraeli police said the matter is being investigated and that a forensics team was dispatched to the scene. “", "We’re using every means at our disposal to investigate and reach those involved,” they said.", "\n\nGadi Gvaryahu, executive director of the NGO Tag Meir, which supports victims of hate crimes in Israel, condemned the attack, which he said “joins a string of hate crimes committed in recent days”.", "\n\nRead: Swedish Christian-Zionist flotilla arrives in Israel" ]

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[ "Doctor Fun\n\nDoctor Fun was a webcomic by David Farley, which ran from September 24, 1993 to June 9, 2006. ", "It may have been the first popular episodic World Wide Web comic strip. ", "Doctor Fun was part of United Media's website from 1995 until 2003, and it eventually concluded in 2006. ", "The webcomic is often compared to The Far Side, being a series of one-panel gags.", "\n\nHistory\nDoctor Fun may have been the first popular episodic World Wide Web comic. ", "It was preceded by Witches and Stitches which was distributed via CompuServe in 1985, and Where the Buffalo Roam which was distributed via Usenet in 1991. ", " Dr. Fun'''s appearance on the World Wide Web was noted by the NCSA, creator of the Mosaic web browser, as \"a major breakthrough for the Web\" in 1993. ", "Farley started uploading Doctor Fun while working as a computer technician for the library system at the University of Chicago. ", "At the time, Farley would do the pages of his webcomic \"in batches\", though it took about an evening to finish each color cartoon.", "\n\nIn 1995, Doctor Fun became part of United Media's website. ", "By 2003, Farley's contract with United Media had \"fallen through.\" ", "In 2005, 128 pages of Doctor Fun were published by Plan Nine Publishing in the form of a full-color comic book. ", "Farley stated this year that he hoped to keep doing Doctor Fun for at least ten years in total, or 520 weeks. ", "On June 9, 2006, after posting the final page of his 520th week, he announced that his series was concluded.", "\n\nContent\nMost often compared to The Far Side, Doctor Fun was a series of bizarre one-panel gags. ", "Topics ranged from the mundane to the obscure. ", " Farley reported that, based on the email he received, most readers were of a similar age to him and worked with computers, but that there were also a \"disproportionate number\" of nurses. ", "Doctor Fun made various references to science and pop culture and was described by The Houston Chronicle to have a \"universal appeal\" compared to coeval webcomic NetBoy.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n , archived using the Wayback Machine\n Docteur Fun''\n\nCategory:Webcomics in print\nCategory:American comedy webcomics\nCategory:1990s webcomics\nCategory:2000s webcomics\nCategory:Concluded webcomics" ]

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[ "An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a device in which several interconnected elements process information simultaneously, adapting and learning from past patterns. ", "The ANN may be used to predict future responses of a control system that varies with time. ", "For example, electric power consumption in the power generation industry may vary with time. ", "In order to operate the power generation equipment efficiently it may be useful to identify future consumption patterns. ", "Very Short Term Load Predictor (VSTLP) provides a tool for estimating demand for the system power output over a predetermined future time period, for example, 60 minutes or less from the current point in time.", "\nThe neural-network-based very short term load predictor (VSTLP) requires that the actual load data sources be determined and made available for offline training of neural networks that are to be used for online prediction and further online training/tuning to improve prediction accuracy performance. ", "The load data of up to five full-day-long load curves is used for offline neural network training. ", "A full-year worth of load data at a specified time interval is stored in the VSTLP database with 10-year worth of load data for holidays stored as well. ", "Accordingly, a need exists for a device, method, and system that make efficient use of the off-line data to provide training of ANN-based VSTLP." ]

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[ "[Scanning electron microscopic study on the influence of monoclonal antibody on the invasion of macrophage by Leishmania parasites].", "\nThe interaction of promastigotes of Leishmania with mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro was studied by scanning electron microscopy. ", "The results showed that when promastigotes had been incubated with 1/1,000 McAb for 1 h, morphological changes could be seen in most promastigotes, some promastigotes were lysed and some promastigotes although adhered to the macrophage, but no penetration could be seen. ", "When 1/1,000 McAb had been inactivated at 56 degrees C for 1 h and then incubated with promastigotes, scanning electron microscopic examination showed the promastigotes closely adhered to the surface of macrophage with their anterior end \"buried\" within macrophage. ", "The results of the present study suggested that the mechanism of promastigote-macrophage adhesion was ligand-receptor binding interaction (Figs. ", "1-11)." ]

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[ "An Argentine police officer has been caught on camera pretending to be run over by a protester.", "\n\nThe incident took place in Buenos Aires in July during a workers' protest against lay-offs by the multinational auto parts company, Lear.", "\n\nFootage shows officer Juan Alberto Lopez Torales throwing himself onto the windscreen of a car before falling to the ground.", "\n\nTom Santorelli reports." ]

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[ "Environmentally Friendly Custodial Boca Raton\n\n“Life isn't about finding yourself. ", "Life is about creating yourself.” ― ", "George Bernard Shaw\n\nCSI International, Inc., established in 1989 and headquartered in Fort Lauderdale, Florida has been providing quality for over 27 years by exceeding our clients' expectations using incorporated building services to clients in business, corporate, and instructional facilities by providing Environmentally Friendly Custodial.", "\nCSI provides reputable and responsive janitorial, facilities operations and upkeep, and centers management services to business, business, and instructional centers. ", "We are devoted to individualized service, social responsibility to the environment, and the appreciation of the people who do the work.", "\nWhy invest your time regularly dealing with occupants that are unsatisfied with the cleanliness and upkeep of their office space? ", "CSI International, Inc. ensures top-notch services, so that you and your staff have more time to focus on growing your business and keeping profitability while continually fulfilling the expectations of the people operating in or leasing area in your center.", "\nAbsence, employee morale, sustainability, health and wellness, are just a few of the huge problems corporations deal with today. ", "CSI International, Inc. ensures premium services focused on these issues, so that you and your staff have more time to concentrate on growing your organisation and maintaining profitability while continually fulfilling the expectations of your on website labor force in addition to possible consumers visiting your center.", "\nWhy trust CSI International, Inc. as a partner in developing a healthy and safe environment for your professors, personnel, and students? ", "Due to the fact that CSI International, Inc. comprehends that there is absolutely nothing more vital to the parents of these trainees then a safe and tidy environment for their kids. ", "CSI International, Inc. ensures top-notch services, so that moms and dads are confident in the well being of their children which in turn permits you and your staff to have more time to focus on your business of assisting your trainees to their full capacity and informing tomorrow's leaders.", "\nThe first impression of your center might be the deciding factor for prospective customers and clients. ", "When it concerns today's buildings and workplace employers, staff members and customers alike are asking themselves: Is it clean? ", "Is it safe? ", "Is it a healthy workplace? ", "With CSI as your service partner you can feel confident the answer to all three questions is YES, YES and YES! ", "For more than 25 years CSI International, Inc. has actually been a recognized leader in offering center services including Custodial, Upkeep, and Mail Room/Shipping and Receiving operations. ", "We started in 1989 as a small family-owned Janitorial Company and have become a nationally recognized family-owned Facilities Solutions service provider with over 2,000 service associates providing service excellence to business partners that consist of the likes of banks, utility companies, pharmaceutical companies, insurance coverage service providers, commercial, production, software application firms, and more. ", "We attribute our growth to our dedication to remarkable SERVICE, exceptional Support and a passion for QUALITY. ", "Throughout our development we have regularly offered the inexpensive, value added services our customers require enabling CSI to develop long term relationships and a reputation for continually customer expectations with Environmentally Friendly Custodial.", "\nOur dedicated employees, experienced management group and our state-of-the-art technology give us the edge in handling and training our service associates to consistently provide quality services at the best value. ", "We provide these premium services, so that you and your staff have more time to focus on growing your company and keeping profitability while continuously meeting the expectations of the people operating in or visiting your center.", "\nCSI International, Inc., considering that our creation in 1989, has been a customer focused, quality owned corporation. ", "CSI's Quality Plan has as a structure a management procedure and a set of disciplines that are collaborated to all departments and levels of the organization to insure that we regularly fulfill, if not surpass our clients' requirements.", "\nCSI's senior management team has devoted to organize its service technique and operations around our clients' needs, and to sustain a culture and develop with high staff member involvement. ", "Quality for CSI is a process of continuous improvement, not simply and assessment program. ", "It indicates guidance and management should interact a standard of service the line worker believes and comprehends.", "\nQuality for CSI is a procedure of constant improvement, not just and assessment program. ", "It means guidance and management must interact a requirement of service the line worker understands and believes in. ", "To satisfy this obstacle CSI has established the position of Director of Business Quality and Training for the functions of handling our QA Program and to concentrate on the quality procedure throughout all sectors of our business.", "\nThis position reports straight to the Chief Operating Officer and preserves constant caution on the application and adherence to our high standards for evaluating task performance, implementing training programs and recognizing and surpassing our clients' expectations in Environmentally Friendly Custodial.", "\nCSI International, Inc. uses an unique formula for service excellence by delivering extraordinary janitorial, mechanical, developing operations and maintenance and incorporated facility services, along with reliable service integration and constant quality assurance.", "\nOur customer-centric focus on long-standing and responsive company relationships is founded on resolving the difficulties regarding your structure needs both efficiently and economically.", "\nStructure services can not be performed effectively without an active interest and constant involvement on the part of all levels of management. ", "CSI's management recognizes the have to provide quality services by putting the ideal people in location, specifying tasks, recording accountability, evaluating objectives and keeping an eye on the constant efficiency of the service.", "\nWe take great pride in using personalized options to fit your service model; night cleaning, day cleaning, green cleaning and more. ", "CSI will personalize your services to suit your specific needs as soon as we develop the culture of your facility. ", "CSI's management is not overloaded by a multi-layered structure, consequently offering line management and supervisors a broad degree of authority with immediate access to senior management. ", "The CSI structure and core values have actually attracted exceptional management personnel who have demonstrated their capability to take advantage of business experience with the difficulty of satisfying the double needs of the business customer and the entrepreneurial bottom line.", "\nCSI's senior management focuses its efforts on picking and supporting individuals who have business skills and service experience consistent with the facilities they should manage.", "\nCSI recognizes their staff members as our biggest asset. ", "It is our task to develop an environment that guarantees all of our staff members are motivated along with the understanding that they are stakeholders. ", "Staff member development and empowerment are essential for our success and in turn, our workers consistently make greater level contributions to our customers by providing Environmentally Friendly Custodial.", "\n\nCSI provides responsive and reliable janitorial, building operations and maintenance, and facilities management services to corporate, commercial, and educational facilities. ", "We are committed to personalized service, social responsibility to the environment, and the appreciation of the people who do the work." ]

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[ "Vitamin E-Oligo(methyl diglycol l-glutamate) as a Biocompatible and Functional Surfactant for Facile Preparation of Active Tumor-Targeting PLGA Nanoparticles.", "\nPoly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles have attracted an enormous interest for controlled drug delivery. ", "Their clinical applications are, however, partly hindered by lack of biocompatible, biodegradable and functional surfactants. ", "Here, we designed and developed a novel biocompatible surfactant based on amphiphilic vitamin E-oligo(methyl diglycol l-glutamate) (VEOEG) for facile fabrication of robust and tumor-targeting PLGA-based nanomedicines. ", "VEOEG was prepared with controlled Mn of 1.7-2.6 kg/mol and low molecular weight distribution (Đ = 1.04-1.16) via polymerization of methyl diglycol l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride using vitamin E-ethylenediamine derivative (VE-NH2) as an initiator. ", "VEOEG had a hydrophile-lipophile balance data of 13.8-16.1 and critical micellar concentration of 189.3-203.8 mg/L depending on lengths of oligopeptide. ", "Using VEOEG as a surfactant, PLGA nanoparticles could be obtained via nanoprecipitation method with a small and uniform hydrodynamic size of 135 nm and positive surface charge of +26.6 mV, in accordance with presence of amino groups at the surface. ", "The resulting PLGA nanoparticles could be readily coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form highly stable, small-sized (143 nm), monodisperse, and negatively charged nanoparticles (HA-PLGA NPs). ", "Notably, paclitaxel-loaded HA-PLGA NPs (PTX-HA-PLGA NPs) exhibited better antitumor effects in CD44-positive MCF-7 breast tumor cells than Taxol (a clinical paclitaxel formulation). ", "The in vivo pharmacokinetics assay in nude mice displayed that PTX-HA-PLGA NPs possessed a long plasma half-life of 3.14 h. The in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that PTX-HA-PLGA NPs had a high tumor PTX level of 8.4% ID/g, about 6 times better than that of Taxol. ", "Interestingly, therapeutic studies showed that PTX-HA-PLGA NPs caused significantly more effective tumor growth inhibition, better survival rate and lower adverse effect than Taxol. ", "VEOEG has emerged as a versatile and functional surfactant for the fabrication of advanced anticancer nanomedicines." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format\n// Copyright 2008 Google Inc. All rights reserved.", "\n// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/\n//\n// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n// met:\n//\n// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\n// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n// distribution.", "\n// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its\n// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from\n// this software without specific prior written permission.", "\n//\n// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n// \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\n\n// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)\n//\n// Front-end for protoc code generator plugins written in C++.", "\n//\n// To implement a protoc plugin in C++, simply write an implementation of\n// CodeGenerator, then create a main() function like:\n// int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {\n// MyCodeGenerator generator;\n// return google::protobuf::compiler::PluginMain(argc, argv, &generator);\n// }\n// You must link your plugin against libprotobuf and libprotoc.", "\n//\n// The core part of PluginMain is to invoke the given CodeGenerator on a\n// CodeGeneratorRequest to generate a CodeGeneratorResponse. ", "This part is\n// abstracted out and made into function GenerateCode so that it can be reused,\n// for example, to implement a variant of PluginMain that does some\n// preprocessing on the input CodeGeneratorRequest before feeding the request\n// to the given code generator.", "\n//\n// To get protoc to use the plugin, do one of the following:\n// * Place the plugin binary somewhere in the PATH and give it the name\n// \"protoc-gen-NAME\" (replacing \"NAME\" with the name of your plugin). ", " If you\n// then invoke protoc with the parameter --NAME_out=OUT_DIR (again, replace\n// \"NAME\" with your plugin's name), protoc will invoke your plugin to generate\n// the output, which will be placed in OUT_DIR.", "\n// * Place the plugin binary anywhere, with any name, and pass the --plugin\n// parameter to protoc to direct it to your plugin like so:\n// protoc --plugin=protoc-gen-NAME=path/to/mybinary --NAME_out=OUT_DIR\n// On Windows, make sure to include the .exe suffix:\n// protoc --plugin=protoc-gen-NAME=path/to/mybinary.exe --NAME_out=OUT_DIR\n\n#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__\n#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__\n\n#include <string>\n\n#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>\nnamespace google {\nnamespace protobuf {\nnamespace compiler {\n\nclass CodeGenerator; // code_generator.h\nclass CodeGeneratorRequest;\nclass CodeGeneratorResponse;\n\n// Implements main() for a protoc plugin exposing the given code generator.", "\nLIBPROTOC_EXPORT int PluginMain(int argc, char* argv[], const CodeGenerator* generator);\n\n// Generates code using the given code generator. ", "Returns true if the code\n// generation is successful. ", "If the code geneartion fails, error_msg may be\n// populated to describe the failure cause.", "\nbool GenerateCode(const CodeGeneratorRequest& request,\n const CodeGenerator& generator, CodeGeneratorResponse* response,\n string* error_msg);\n\n} // namespace compiler\n} // namespace protobuf\n\n} // namespace google\n#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_COMPILER_PLUGIN_H__\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Posts Tagged: japanese food\n\nOn Saturday, it finally happened, I drove to the city on CityLink, oh, and also I got married to my lovely Emmy, but this post isn’t about that (for the most part). ", "I’m here to do another foodie blog, this time one of our favourite go-to Japanese restaurants, Komeyui in Port Melbourne. ", "So without further ado let’s get into it, this was our wedding reception of sorts (just lunch after the simple ceremony at the Old Treasury Building), I was hoping that they would do omakase for lunch, but we had to settle for the Signature Lunch set. ", "This set consisted of five courses:\n\nSashimi\n\nSashimi course\n\nThe first course was a sashimi course consisting of scallops, prawns, tuna belly, salmon, squid (I think), and I can only guess the white fish (possibly kingfish as it is quite common). ", "The winner here I would have to say were the scallops, they were so tender, tuna belly is always a winner, and the squid had a really nice texture. ", "I’m not sure if the prawn was cooked at all, maybe cured a little bit, they were great, and the wasabi was a bit different too, not the normal green one but some kind of (looks like cooked tuna) tan/brown colour, quite mild. ", "I love sashimi :D. Of course those that can’t or won’t eat raw fish got their sashimi replaced with some cooked dish, looked like crayfish and prawns (but I can’t remember), it looked really good too, actually, we had one that does not eat seafood, but I can’t remember what he got.", "\n\nAgedashi Tofu\n\nAgedashi\n\nFollow that great selection with one of my favourite vegetarian dishes, agedashi tofu, the skin has such nice texture and the tofu inside was so soft and creamy, perfect agedashi tofu, no doubt. ", "The sauce was rich and perfectly complimented the fluffy tofu.", "\n\nWagyu Sirloin Steak\n\nSteak course\n\nOn to the main dish, if you can call it that, it was almost like four mains and a dessert. ", "Perfectly cooked wagyu steak (sirloin is Scotch fillet right?) ", "with some crunchy edamame on the side, the edamame was actually really good, it had a really nice fragrance, perhaps grilled with the steak. ", "Keep in mind I had just had steak the previous Wednesday so it was still fresh on my mind, I certainly wouldn’t have minded if the Komeyui chef was cooking my steak at Stefans either :D. I guess I needed to savour it, I probably won’t have steak again for six months as is my tendency.", "\n\nSushi\n\nChirashi\n\nSushi course\n\nOn to the sushi course which everyone got (except for our non-seafood lover, he got tempura veggies which looked good too!), ", "and the hits just kept coming, I really can’t say enough about this place, they know what they’re doing. ", "I was the lone black sheep, I chose the chirashi which is pretty much the same thing, but instead of bite-sized portions it is one long line of rice with the fish on top. ", "Unfortunately, I’m no fish connoiseur so I can’t tell you what was on it, sea urchin at least, there was salmon roe in the sushi as well as a separate piece of salmon, the chirashi and the cooked sushi (for the non-raw fish lovers) had clam, but as for the rest of the fish, I wouldn’t bother guessing, they were either white or pink fish as you can see for yourself. ", "No complaints from me, but I think I’d go with the sushi instead of chirashi next time, just a bit easier to eat and generally looks more appetising.", "\n\nIced cream\n\nIced cream\n\nFinally, dessert, this picture is actually of Emmy and my special dessert, it had a sparkler in it which I wasn’t able to capture because it fizzled out while I was busy moving glasses out of the way to take my picture :p. Still, you can see that they’ve gone out of their way to spurce up the regular dessert for us (not that we mentioned what the occasion was), it was basically the same as everyone elses except that we got some extra fruit, and our iced cream was on the side rather than in the pastry. ", "I’m not sure if we were the only ones that got some green tea coated chocolate, which went great with the salted caramel iced cream. ", "What a great way to end the meal, I was definitely full after that and I’m pretty sure everyone else was and if there was anybody unhappy with their meal I sure didn’t notice.", "\n\nI certainly didn’t hear my dad saying that they were Chinese people running the restaurant this time! ", "SMH\n\nBonus Drinks\n\nCoedo, Shikkoku\n\nOf course it was our special day and I had to have a nice drink to celebrate, and that I did, some black lager from Saitama, which is near Tokyo I believe, Coedo Shikkoku it’s called, and well, as with everything else on the table this was a pleasure to down, it wasn’t cheap that’s for sure, but that was a big reason why we didn’t want a big wedding, so that we could enjoy (perhaps) a higher quality meal with loved ones rather than something that could be mediocre due to stretching a kitchen.", "\n\nWedding\n\nYeah, we did do that too, a small affair in the Thomas Hyde Room at the Old Treasury Building on Spring St in the CBD. ", "Originally we were thinking of not inviting our parents and just taking a couple of witnesses, but we thought it would be better to take them despite the added hassle of transport. ", "The morning was a little stressful with Emmy DIY-ing her hair and makeup it seemed that we were running late, so we jumped on the Monash Freeway (toll road) and cruised into town, only to realise halfway in that we’d left our passports (required for identification purposes apparently) at home. ", "So there we were, sitting in the car on the freeway fretting about whether to turn around or carry on.", "\n\nBeauty and the BEAST!", "\n\nWe were on time but if I had to turn around, we would definitely be way late, so in the end I dropped Emmy off to check with the office and they said it was not an issue, so no problems, and a lot of unnecessary stress. ", "Everything went pretty well, I managed to hold myself together (I had to let out a little chuckle at one point to keep myself from losing it all together) and got through all the lines and signing of papers without shedding a single tear. ", "We managed to wrangle our photographer into coming to lunch at Komeyui and taking some photos for us at the beach afterwards. ", "We got a bunch of very nice photos, the weather held up despite the forecast all week predicting showers on Saturday, and maybe some of us ended up getting sunburnt even.", "\n\nSo now I’m a member of the exclusive Tran Pham Clan and life goes on pretty much as it was, but with a bit more debt than before :O. And we also have another anniversary date to remember, my suggestion of going to Komeyui to celebrate annually got shot down pretty fast, so maybe not until we kill some more debt. ", "See you again in a few months after I visit another restaurant (;*^_^*;). ", "Finally, apologies to all the single ladies out there, but this chicken has met his tiger!", "\n\nUpdate\n\nI’ve replaced some of my crummy pictures (taken with my phone) with some much nicer ones (probably hard to tell which ones I know :D) taken by our photographer for the day, Chealse.", "\n\nWell, this is a very late post because we tried this place out for emmy’s birthday (her birthday tradition is to try a new authentic Japanese restaurant) which was in November, so apologies for holding out so long on this delicious (but expensive) sushi restaurant. ", "The head chef at Minamishima used to work at Kenzan, so the quality had to be pretty high. ", "This post will be easy but also a little boring, we took pictures (thanks to my photographer, emmy :)) of every one of the fifteen dishes as well as the extra dessert that we ordered (which we totally shouldn’t have but we did because we’re gluttons), and I took notes on all of them especially so that I could post them here. ", "So without further ado, the pictures (I’ll number them so that you can easily match the picture to the description):\n\nRed bean yoghurt with cherry blossom ice cream, this was okay but nothing was going to top that tuna belly.", "\n\nWe ordered the special dessert because we’ll probably never go back there, we were totally going to explode at this point, but we had to finish it off. ", "The description of the dessert being a zen garden actually was better than the dessert itself, it was all right but nothing special, this place is a sushi restaurant after all, it would be hard for the dessert to stand up to the level of the sushi.", "\n\nI don’t know how we ended up with 18 dishes, it was only meant to be 15, but any way, super expensive but it probably was the best sushi that we’ve ever had, maybe we can try something similar in Japan next time, if we sell our functional and healthy organs. ", "That’s it for now, we just went to Shoya for Valentines Day, so expect another post about that soon (hopefully a little more fun).", "\n\nNote: I forgot to mention that Minamishima came over and had a chat with us (can’t remember when during the meal), told us that he was from the central region near where we visited in July, seemed like a nice bloke, emmy tried to impress him by speaking some Japanese :D, maybe he gave us some extra tuna belly for that (we got three pieces if I remember correctly).", "\n\nI/We haven’t had sushi for a long time, sometime last year I’m guessing, and finally decided to just say stuff it, it can’t hurt, and went back to our local amazing (and amazingly expensive) sushi bar, Shira Nui for some delectable delights. ", "Despite our best efforts I think that Shira Nui remains undefeated (I’m just going with it, I don’t know what it actually means), I think there were five dishes the same as last time, and some new ones, including the delectable tuna belly. ", "I even ate the pink ginger like a pro, and also appreciated the sea urchin a bit more this time, the texture is very much like custard which I’m starting to come around to as well. ", "We even ordered a creme brulee for dessert which was very nicely done, much better than the mango parfait we had last time (I think it was a special dessert, not regular). ", "Since we’ve broken the ice on the sushi, there will almost certainly be more to come in this regard (I’ve definitely got a few places I want to try) :D. You might notice that we even sneaked a photo of the man himself (albeit blurry, we didn’t want to anger him after all), although I did see him crack a couple smiles during the evening.", "\n\nA little Japanese restaurant in South Melbourne, very little, only 12 seats, specialising in tempura (obviously). ", "You walk in and immediately feel like you’re in Japan, all the little plates, the orderliness, the Japanese business men. ", "We arrived a bit after 6.30pm (what a pain getting into the city on a Friday evening) and made out way in. ", "There are only three set menu options on the menu, the tempura set, and two tempura + sushi sets, we just went with the tempura set because Emmy can’t eat raw fish now (although there is some sashimi that she had to swap for cooked salmon). ", "I didn’t take pictures of every dish because they were little bits of fried vegies or whatnot.", "\n\nWe got a starter of sashimi (cooked salmon), followed immediately by the tempura, sweet corn (just kernels, no idea how they kept it all together), asparagus, prawn, chicken and egg plant, sweet potato, tuna and avocado, zucchini and salmon, scallop and sea urchin, king dory and shiso, mushroom and prawn meat (my favourite), finished with some kakiageidon (rice with seafood vegie), and dessert of panna cotta (I forgot what they actually called it). ", "Each dish is just a morsel really but when you eat at a pace like that where the chef is placing something new on the dish every ten minutes or so, you just feel content (or maybe you get full on drinks).", "\n\nTwo thumbs up, it’s great tempura, fresh and crunchy without feeling greasy, and served in a way that doesn’t make you bloated nor do you feel hungry despite the small portions. (", "On a side note, these pictures were taken with Emmy’s new second-hand X100, which I’ll be reviewing/posting later).", "\n\nWelcome to the monthly dtraCorp post (that’s what it seems like any way), we went to Shira Nui last week for Em’s birthday as part of what has now become an annual tradition (Japanese on Em’s birthday). ", "Shira Nui is a sushi bar in Glen Waverley, a south eastern suburb of Melbourne, it’s widely known as a Chinese hub, but this Japanese restaurant has certainly made a name for itself. ", "I’m not really a foodie so don’t expect me to lay on the big terms to describe the food, but I do have pictures (it was Em’s birthday so that’s my excuse) of all the dishes and can remember how most of them tasted. ", "We had heard about omakase which is when you eat sushi with no set menu (well, probably the chef has a set menu in his head), and you sit there and wait for the chef to serve you the dishes. ", "So we sat at the counter and waited to be served, the sushi comes out thick and fast, everyone getting the omakase gets the same stuff so you can get a preview of what you’re going to get if you so wish. ", "Some of the sushi came with a squeeze of lemon (the chef did it, we weren’t given any) which I thought was a really good touch, I don’t think I’ve ever had that before and was thinking it would be on all the sushi or at least all the fish sushi, alas, it was not to be.", "\n\nPickled Starter, nothing special about this one, a little bit of fried pork under the pickled stuff.", "\n\nCod (or cuttlefish), the chef did an awesome Japanese accent (he is Japanese after all) so I couldn't tell whether he was saying cod fish, or cuttlefish (it wasn't chewy as I would expect cuttlefish to be that's why I lean towards cod), in any event, super smooth and tender, and with a splash of lemon, c'est magnifique!", "\n\nSalmon, seared on one side with a blow torch (cooked sushi!), ", "with a splash of lemon which I think is a great touch, yum!", "\n\nPike, again seared with a blow torch on one side, this one eat with soy sauce.", "\n\nBarbecue Beef, so tender and soft, really yummy.", "\n\nClam is a bit chewy it turns out, pretty good.", "\n\nTuna Steak, seared on one side again, soft and tender as expected, yum.", "\n\nOcean Trout, still can't tell the difference between this and salmon, so yum!", "\n\nKingfish Baby, in the minority as uncooked sushi, yum.", "\n\nOyster, this one we thought was a bit rich, had a creamy sauce which I thought was a bit salty, the oyster was perfect though.", "\n\nSea Urchin, I think it was frozen or certainly chilled, has such a strange texture, I'm not a big fan of sea urchin.", "\n\nMango Parfait, tropical iced cream and fruit, I couldn't taste any mango, it had cheesecake in it, I'm still not 100% sure we got the dessert we ordered, but they did ask us if we ordered the dessert special, maybe I misheard what the special was." ]

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[ "Esther Jones (singer)\n\nEsther Jones (February 2, 1945 - December 8, 2006) was an American soul singer and choreographer, best known as the \"longest-lasting Ikette\" in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue. ", "In the 1980s, she was the lead vocalist in the band Formula 5.", "\n\nLife and career \nEsther Faye Jones was born on February 2, 1945 in El Paso, Texas to Luchie and Carrie Bills. ", "Growing up in Midland, she sang in church, played percussion and won competitions as a twirler. ", "After she graduated from Carver High School in 1964, she joined a group called the B-29ers and Arty Tolliver as a vocalist. ", "\n\nIn 1969, Jones auditioned to become an Ikette and was hired on the spot. ", "While most Ikettes didn't last long, Jones was one of the constant members until the end of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue in 1976. ", "At one point, she had briefly quit when Ike Turner fined her $15 for being late onstage, but because of her experience and leadership, Jones trained the other Ikettes and was referred to as \"Motha\" Ikette. ", "During her tenure as an Ikette she was responsible for most of the choreography. ", "Tina Turner described her as \"the hardest worker and toughest dancer.\" ", "As an Ikette with Ike & Tina Turner, Jones opened for the Rolling Stones on their 1969 American tour. ", "She toured the world and performed at the 1971 Soul to Soul concert in Accra. ", "They were featured in the Isley Brothers concert film It's Your Thing (1970) and had a cameo in the Miloš Forman film Taking Off (1971). ", "While she was an Ikette, Jones lived in Los Angeles with her husband, while their three children lived in Texas with her grandparents.", "\n\nIn 1983, Jones released the single \"Love Hour\" with drummer-singer Tony Davis as Tony & Davis. ", "Jones fronted the soul funk band Formula 5 in the 1980s. ", "She released two albums, Determination (1985) and On The Rise (1986), with the band on Malaco Records. ", "In 1985, Jones performed at the San Francisco Blues Festival. ", "\n\nJones moved back to Midland, Texas shortly after she had a stroke in 1992. ", "She also and suffered from multiple myeloma. ", "At age 60, she became a member of the West Texas Aphasia Center, which helps stroke victims learn to communicate. ", "On December 8, 2006, Jones died at the age of 61 at Hospice of Midland. ", "She was survived by her sons Blake Burton and Robert Bills.", "\n\nDiscography\n\nSingles\n\nTony & Esther \n\n 1983: \"Love Hour\" (Tyshawn TS 7777)\n\nFormula 5 \n\n 1985: \"Cleaning House\" (Malaco MAL 1218)\n 1985: \"Part Time Lover, Full Time Fool\" (Malaco MAL 2114)\n\nAlbums\n\nIke & Tina Turner \n\n 1971: What You Hear Is What You Get - Live at Carnegie Hall\n 1971: Live in Paris – Olympia 1971\n\nFormula 5 \n\n 1985: Determination (Malaco Records)\n 1986: On The Rise (Malaco Records)\n\nBacking vocal credits \n\n 1972: Gayle McCormick – Flesh & Blood (Decca Records)\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:American female singers\nCategory:1945 births\nCategory:2006 deaths\nCategory:Ike & Tina Turner members\nCategory:African-American female singers\nCategory:American rhythm and blues singers\nCategory:American soul singers\nCategory:Singers from Texas\nCategory:Musicians from El Paso, Texas\nCategory:People from Midland, Texas" ]

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[ "The embodiments described herein relate to a voice data processing apparatus, a voice data processing method and an imaging apparatus. ", "More particularly, the embodiments described herein relate to a voice data processing apparatus and a voice data processing method both of which convert voice data to voice playback data so as to correspond to a magnification of a playback speed or velocity at the reproduction of the voice data by an OLA (Overlap-Add) method. ", "The embodiments described herein also relate to an imaging apparatus including the voice data processing apparatus.", "\nAn imaging apparatus such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus executes scans on a photographing or imaging area of a subject thereby to execute imaging on the photographing area.", "\nFor example, the magnetic resonance imaging apparatus transmits each RF pulse to the imaging area of the subject in an imaging space formed with a static magnetic field thereby to excite spins of proton in the imaging area by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon and receives magnetic resonance (MR) signals generated by the excited spins. ", "Thereafter, the magnetic resonance signals obtained by the scan's execution are used as raw data to generate a magnetic resonance image about the imaging area of the subject.", "\nThere is a case in which in such an imaging apparatus, body-motion artifacts occur in an image generated about a subject corresponding to a living body such as a human body due to the fact that body motion such as breathing exercises occur in the subject upon execution of each scan.", "\nTherefore, when imaging is carried out, respiration guide information for guiding the breathing exercises is transmitted to the subject held in the imaging space by voice to prevent the occurrence of body motion due to the breathing, for example.", "\nFor example, voice data indicating that the subject is caused to stop breathing is automatically reproduced/outputted and instructed prior to the start of each scan so as to match with the timing provided to execute the scan. ", "Namely, the respiration guide information is transmitted to the subject by voice using a so-called Auto Voice function.", "\nThere is a case in which upon the reproduction/output of the voice data as described above, the magnification of a playback velocity for the voice data is changed.", "\nThere is a case in which in the imaging apparatus, for example, the magnification of the playback velocity for the voice data is changed to complete the playback of voice indicative of the respiration guide information during a period in which a contrast agent is injected into the blood flowing in the subject and the injected contrast agent reaches the imaging area in which the imaging is executed on the subject.", "\nHere, data processing for converting the voice data to voice playback data so as to correspond to the set magnification of playback velocity is executed and the converted voice playback data is reproduced and outputted.", "\nWhen the playback speed is changed, the musical pitch of the voice generally changes. ", "Described concretely, when the magnification of the playback velocity is raised (the playback velocity is accelerated), the voice is high pitched, whereas when the magnification of the playback velocity is reduced (the playback velocity is made slow), the voice is low pitched. ", "There is a case in which it is not easy for the subject to hear the reproduced voice accurately because the musical pitch of the voice reproduced in this way changes, thus encountering difficulties in executing imaging efficiently.", "\nIn order to improve such an imperfection or problem, an OLA method has been known as a method for suppressing a change in musical pitch (refer to, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ", "Hei 08(1996)-287612, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. ", "2005-266571, and European Patent EP 0865026).", "\nA WSOLA (Waveform Similarity Overlap-Add) method has been known as a method for further improving the OLA method (refer to, for example, W. Verhelst, M. Roelands, “An Overlap-Add Technique Based on Waveform Similarity (WSOLA) for High Quality Time-Scale Modification of Speech”, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ", "ICASSP-93.).", "\nFIGS. ", "6A through 6E are respectively diagrams showing data processing for converting voice data to voice playback data so as to correspond to a magnification of a playback velocity at the reproduction of the voice data by an OLA method.", "\nIn the OLA method, voice data D is inputted as shown in FIG. ", "6A. Thereafter, a plurality of voice data blocks Bn (where n=1, 2, . . . , ", "i)(where i: integer) are set to the voice data D as shown in FIG. ", "6B.\nHere, the voice data D is set in such a manner that lengths (time intervals) Iin on a time base, of the respective voice data blocks Bn become identical to one another.", "\nDescribed concretely, each of the lengths Iin of the voice data blocks Bn is defined to be a value obtained by multiplying a predetermined value Iout by a playback-velocity magnification V. For example, the predetermined value Iout is assumed to be 90 ms and the length Iin of each voice data block Bn is assumed to be 180 ms when the playback velocity is set to a playback velocity equal to twice a reference velocity.", "\nNext, as shown in FIG. ", "9(c), a plurality of voice data segments Sn (where n=1, 2, . . . , ", "i)(where i: integer) are set to the voice data D so as to correspond to the set voice data blocks Bn.", "\nHere, the start point of the time base for each voice data segment Sn corresponds to the start point of the time base for each voice data block Bn. ", "Further, the respective voice data segments Sn are defined such that the lengths LSn thereof on the time base become identical.", "\nHere, as shown in FIG. ", "6D, an area or region between the start point of the time base and the point of time at which a predetermined time has elapsed therefrom is set as a first overlap area Sna (where n=1, 2, . . . , ", "i)(where i: integer) at each of the voice data segments Sn set as described above. ", "At each of the voice data segments Sn, an area or region from the end point of the time base to the point of time at which a predetermined time is retraced therefrom is set as a second overlap area Snb (where n=1, 2, . . . , ", "i)(where i: integer).", "\nDescribed concretely, the value obtained by adding the length LO of each of the overlap areas Sna and Snb to a predetermined value Iout is set as the length LS of each voice data segment Sn. ", "Assuming that for example, the predetermined value Iout is 90 ms and the length LO of each of the overlap areas Sna and Snb is 10 ms, the length LS of each voice data segment Sn is set as 100 ms.", "\nNext, as shown in FIG. ", "6E, the first and second overlap areas S(n−1)a and Snb set to the voice data segments Sn are combined so as to overlap each other thereby to generate voice playback data DS.", "\nDescribed concretely, the second overlap area S1b set to the first voice data segment S1, and the first overlap area S2a set to the second voice data segment S2 sided with the first voice data segment S1 along the time base are combined so as to overlap each other. ", "The respective voice data segments Sn are processed sequentially in like manner. ", "Namely, data processing is repeated in such a manner that after similar processing has been executed on the second voice data segment S2 and the third voice data segment S3, the third voice data segment S3 and the fourth voice data segment S4 are subjected to the similar processing, whereby voice playback data DS is generated.", "\nHere, voice data in the second overlap area Snb provided in a stage subsequent to each of the respective voice data segments Sn, and voice data in the first overlap area S(n+1)a provided in a stage prior to its subsequent voice data segment Sn+1 are combined, to normalize power of voice data in the mutual overlap areas Sna and S(n+1)b. ", "For example, a trapezoidal window function is added up to the respective voice data segments Sn, followed by execution of their combination.", "\nTherefore, according to the OLA method, a change in the musical pitch at the time that the playback velocity is changed can be suppressed.", "\nIn the OLA method, however, there is a case in which the waveform of the voice data in the second overlap area Snb of each voice data segment Sn is different markedly from the voice data in the first overlap area S(n+1)a caused to overlap with its subsequent voice data segment Sn+1. ", "Therefore, there is a case in which the voice combined in the mutually-related overlap areas Snb and S(n+1)a becomes unnatural.", "\nIn order to improve such an imperfection or problem, there has been proposed a WSOLA method in which the OLA method has been improved.", "\nFIGS. ", "11 and 12 are respectively diagrams showing data processing for converting voice data to voice playback data so as to correspond to a magnification of a playback velocity taken upon reproduction of voice data by the WSOLA method.", "\nIn the WSOLA method in a manner similar to the OLA method, the voice data blocks Bn have been set to the voice data D as shown in FIGS. ", "6A through 6C. Thereafter, voice data segments Sn are set so as to correspond to the respective set voice data segments Bn.", "\nHowever, in the WSOLA method unlike the OLA method, the position on the time base, of the voice data segment Sn+1 following each voice data segment Sn is adjusted after the execution of Steps shown in FIGS. ", "6A through 6C in such a manner that the waveform of voice data in an area including the second overlap area Snb at each voice data segment Sn and the waveform of voice data in an area including the first overlap area S(n+1)a at the voice data segment Sn+1 approximate each other. ", "Namely, the voice data segment S(n+1) is moved in such a manner that similarity indicative of a resemblance between the waveform of the voice data in the area including the second overlap area Snb at the voice data segment Sn, and the waveform of the voice data in the area including the first overlap area S(n+1)a at its subsequent voice data segment Sn+1 becomes large.", "\nDescribed concretely, as shown in FIG. ", "7A, an area in which a predetermined time has elapsed from a start point of a time base, is set as a first similarity calculation area Mna and an area in which a predetermined time is retraced from an end point of the time base, is set as a second similarity calculation area Mnb with respect to initially-set respective voice data segments Sn.", "\nAt first and second voice data segments S1 and S2 sequentially arranged along the time base at the voice data segments Sn, the similarity between the waveform of voice data in a second similarity calculation area M1b set to the first voice data segment S1 and the waveform of voice data in a first similarity calculation area M2a set to the second voice data segment S2 is calculated. ", "For example, cross-correlation function values for the mutual waveforms are calculated as similarities.", "\nNext, as shown in FIG. ", "7B, the positions of the respective voice data segments Sn are adjusted.", "\nHere, the above similarities are calculated at the positions where the positions on the time base, of the voice data segments Sn are moved along the time base. ", "The respective voice data segments Sn are moved to the positions where the similarities calculated in its moving range become a maximum value.", "\nWhen the second voice data segment S2 is moved within a predetermined range along the time base as shown in FIG. ", "7B for example, the position of the second voice data segment S2 is adjusted to a position shifted from an initial position by a predetermined interval d in such a manner that the similarity between the waveform of voice data in the second similarity calculation area M1b of the first voice data segment S1 and the waveform of voice data in the first similarity calculation area M2a of the second voice data segment S2 becomes a maximum value. ", "This processing is sequentially executed on the respective voice data segments Sn to adjust the positions on the time base, of the voice data segments Sn.", "\nNext, as shown in FIG. ", "7C, for example, the same area as the first similarity calculation area Mna set as described above is set as a first overlap area Sna. ", "For example, the same area as the second similarity calculation area Mnb is set as a second overlap area Snb.", "\nThereafter, as shown in FIG. ", "7D, the first and second overlap areas Sna and Snb set as described above are sequentially combined so as to overlap each other along the time base, thereby generating voice playback data DS.", "\nThus, in the WSOLA method, the waveform of voice data in the second overlap area Snb of each voice data segment Sn and the waveform of voice data in the first overlap area S(n+1)b caused to overlap with its subsequent voice data segment Sn+1 are made similar to each other and combined together. ", "Therefore, the voice playback data in which the voice data in the overlap areas Snb and S(n+1)b are combined, becomes continuous as compared with the OLA method and the voice is reproduced in the natural musical pitch.", "\nThere is however a case in which even in the case where the WSOLA method is applied, the voice playback data is reproduced unnaturally. ", "Since, for example, the value of similarity between the waveform of the voice data in the second overlap area Snb of each voice data segment Sn and the waveform of the voice data in the first overlap area S(n+1)b caused to overlap with its subsequent voice data segment Sn+1 is small and similarity is poor, the voice might not be reproduced in the natural musical pitch.", "\nThus, when the voice data is converted to its corresponding voice playback data so as to correspond to the magnification of the playback velocity at the reproduction of the voice data, and the converted voice playback data is reproduced and outputted, the voice playback data becomes discontinuous and the voice quality might be deteriorated as in the case of the reproduction of voice in the unnatural musical pitch and the like." ]

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[ "ContribKanban.com: What's next\n\nPublished on Monday 23, October 2017\n\nBack in 2015, I created ContribKanban.com as a tool to experiment with AngularJS and also have a better tool to identify issues to sprint on at my previous employer before Commerce Guys. ", "At the Global Sprint Weekend in Chicago, I received a lot of feedback from YesCT and also ended up open sourcing the project. ", "That first weekend made me see it was more useful than just being a side project.", "\n\nI was pretty excited to hear it was used by the Drupal 8 Media Initiative (not sure if they actively are) and other projects. ", "But, then it started to become a burden. ", "It is a MEAN stack application and I'm not an expert with MongoDB or using pm2 to manage a node server. ", "Basically, it is at the point where I don't want to touch it, lest it breaks and I burn an afternoon on it.", "\n\nNext Moves\n\nInstead of letting the project go into retirement, I have decided to revamp it. ", "I'm rebuilding it on top of Drupal 8 and a SQLite database with a light front end (jQuery and Drupal.* ", "functions.)", "\n\nMoving to Drupal 8 allows me to work with something I know best, and also makes data management much easier. ", "Currently, projects are stored in a MongoDB document and then their boards can be overridden via some JSON in the repository. ", "This allowed projects to have boards limited to a specific tag or a project release parent issue. ", "But it involved some level of effort on my end. ", "It also wasn't super easy adding core-specific boards.", "\n\nHere's an admin screen for creating and editing a board\n\nThe end result is something like this https://nextgen.contribkanban.com/board/Migrationsystem\n\nAs you can see by that URL, a preview is available at https://nextgen.contribkanban.com/. Boards and sprints can be added like they used to be - by entering a project's machine name or an issue tag. ", "There are some features missing and small bugs to work out. ", "But this should make it much easier to create custom boards with any kind of list needed.", "\n\nThe idea is that there are the board level configurations and then list level overrides.", "\n\nI'm excited to move it to Drupal 8 because I hope it provides example code for some others. ", "The code can be found at https://github.com/mglaman/contribkanban.com/tree/nextgen. ", "The code is hosted on GitHub and uses CircleCI to deploy to my DigitalOcean droplet.", "\n\nWant to support the project?", "\n\nThis is a side project and comes second to my work and duties as a maintainer of Drupal Commerce. ", "There is a Gratipay project page and I have a Patreon account.", "\n\nI'd like to give a shout out to Joris Vercammen who found my Patreon page and has pledged enough to fund my monthly hosting cost, and kind of helped rekindle the project." ]

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[ "Association between pulse pressure, carotid intima-media thickness and carotid and/or iliofemoral plaque in hypertensive patients.", "\nIncreased common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid and/or iliofemoral (C/IF) plaque are frequent in subjects treated for hypertension, but their association with pulse pressure (PP) has rarely been studied. ", "Using ultrasound techniques, CCA-IMT and C/IF plaques were studied in 323 hypertensive subjects, who were classified into four groups according to the adequacy of blood pressure (BP) control (systolic BP (SBP) <140 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) <90 mmHg) and PP (high or low). ", "After adjustment for confounding variables, an increase in CCA-IMT was the only factor significantly and independently associated with high PP, irrespective of the effectiveness of blood pressure control and of antihypertensive drug treatment. ", "CCA-IMT correlated with age, PP, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco consumption, and heart rate. ", "C/IF plaques correlated with age, tobacco consumption, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia. ", "To conclude, even with SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg on treatment, hypertensive subjects may have increased CCA-IMT values and C/IF plaque. ", "Four cardiovascular risk factors seem to be involved in these alterations, namely tobacco consumption, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and increased PP. ", "Only the latter factor does not have a standardized effective treatment." ]

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[ "Friday, October 18/31, 2003: Phil 3:8-19, Luke 10:1-15\n\npassage: Phil 3:8-3:19 Chapter 3 Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I have\n\nMessage 1 of 1\n, Oct 30, 2003\n\n0 Attachment\n\npassage: Phil 3:8-3:19\n\nChapter 3\n\nYea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the\nknowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I have suffered the loss of\nall things, and do count them but dung, that I may win Christ, And be\nfound in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law,\nbut that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is\nof God by faith: That I may know him, and the power of his resurrection,\nand the fellowship of his sufferings, being made conformable unto his\ndeath; If by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of the dead.", "\nNot as though I had already attained, either were already perfect:\nbut I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for which also I am\napprehended of Christ Jesus. ", "Brethren, I count not myself to have\napprehended: but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which\nare behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before,\nI press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God\nin Christ Jesus. ", "Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus\nminded: and if in any thing ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal\neven this unto you. ", "Nevertheless, whereto we have already attained,\nlet us walk by the same rule, let us mind the same thing. ", "Brethren,\nbe followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us\nfor an ensample. ", "For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now\ntell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ:\nWhose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is\nin their shame, who mind earthly things.)", "\n\npassage: Luke 10:1-10:15\n\nChapter 10\n\nAfter these things the LORD appointed other seventy also, and sent them\ntwo and two before his face into every city and place, whither he himself\nwould come. ", "Therefore said he unto them, The harvest truly is great,\nbut the labourers are few: pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest,\nthat he would send forth labourers into his harvest. ", "Go your ways:\nbehold, I send you forth as lambs among wolves. ", "Carry neither purse,\nnor scrip, nor shoes: and salute no man by the way. ", "And into whatsoever\nhouse ye enter, first say, Peace be to this house. ", "And if the son of\npeace be there, your peace shall rest upon it: if not, it shall turn to\nyou again. ", "And in the same house remain, eating and drinking such things\nas they give: for the labourer is worthy of his hire. ", "Go not from house\nto house. ", "And into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you, eat\nsuch things as are set before you: And heal the sick that are therein,\nand say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. ", "But into\nwhatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you not, go your ways out\ninto the streets of the same, and say, Even the very dust of your city,\nwhich cleaveth on us, we do wipe off against you: notwithstanding\nbe ye sure of this, that the kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.", "\nBut I say unto you, that it shall be more tolerable in that day for\nSodom, than for that city. ", "Woe unto thee, Chorazin! ", "woe unto thee,\nBethsaida! ", "for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon,\nwhich have been done in you, they had a great while ago repented,\nsitting in sackcloth and ashes. ", "But it shall be more tolerable for\nTyre and Sidon at the judgment, than for you. ", "And thou, Capernaum,\nwhich art exalted to heaven, shalt be thrust down to hell.", "\n\nYour message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly." ]

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[ "Google Plus continues to be deprecated across Google properties. ", "This time, the company is discontinuing its ‘Hangouts On Air’ feature in favor of YouTube Live.", "\n\nStarting September 12, those who want to start live broadcasts will need to use YouTube Live. ", "Google says it’s a hard deadline, too:\n\nEvents cannot be scheduled on Google+ after September 12 and you will need to move existing events scheduled to happen after September 12 to YouTube Live.", "\n\nHangouts On Air features Q&A, Showcase and Applause will not be making the jump to youTube. ", "Instead, Google is encouraging broadcasters to use Google Slides for Q&A, and social media to gather questions ahead of the event.", "\n\nRecorded Hangouts On Air events will still be available on YouTube.", "\n\nHangouts video chat is not going away; Google is simply limiting it to interpersonal and team meetings.", "\n\nYouTube makes a bit more sense for broadcasting yourself to the world — and was already the storage container for recorded Hangouts On Air — but it’s clear the downturn of Plus didn’t end with Photos after Google announced it was repositioning Plus at last year’s I/O conference.", "\n\nVia VentureBeat\n\nHangouts On Air moving from Google+ to YouTube Live on YouTube\n\nRead next: Striking out on Tinder? ", "Use more GIFs" ]

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[ "Najafabad, Firuzeh\n\nNajafabad (, also Romanized as Najafābād) is a village in Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. ", "At the 2006 census, its population was 539, in 126 families.", "\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Populated places in Firuzeh County" ]

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[ "\"What?\" \"", "I said I just wanted to speak.\" \"", "What the hell?\" \"", "What's with the way you fucking talk?\" \"", "Who the fuck are you?\" \"", "My name is...\" \"Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "Why are you picking on someone else's girlfriend?\" \"", "hold on.\" \"", "Mr. Oh Dae-su!\" \"", "Am I picking on you?\" \"", "Fuck!\" \"", "Okay!\" \"", "Okay!\" \"", "Oh Dae-su, please sit down.\" \"", "Who the hell did I pick on?\" \"", "You son of a bitch!\" \"", "asshole!\" \"", "I'm very sorry.\" \"", "Fuck, I gotta piss bad.\" \"", "Cute, huh?\" \"", "It is, so sit down.\" \"", "Today's my daughter's birthday.\" \"", "I got her a present for her birthday.\" \"", "Snatches of clouds float in the sky\" \"A pleasure boat floats in the river\" \"My name, Oh Dae-su, means...\" \"\"Getting along with people.\"\" \"", "That's why I'm Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "But, shit...\" \"Why can't I get along today?\" \"", "Set me free!\" \"", "Shut the hell up!\" \"", "Set me free!\" \"", "Let go of me, damn it!\" \"", "Get away from me!\" \"", "I'II make sure he doesn't get drunk and cause trouble again.\" \"", "Have a nice day, Officer.\" \"", "He's usually a nice guy, but...\" \"Let's go.\" \"", "I'II come visit you soon.\" \"", "We don't want you to come back.\" \"", "That's up to me, you assholes.\" \"", "Hey!\" \"", "My Sweet Pea, it's daddy.\" \"", "Daddy got my Sweet Pea a present.\" \"", "I'II be home soon with your gift, so wait a bit longer.\" \"", "Let me talk to her.\" \"", "Good girl, good.\" \"", "Give me the phone.\" \"", "Yeun-hee, Joo-hwan wants to talk to you.\" \"", "You know Joo-hwan, right?\" \"", "hold on.\" \"", "Hi, Yeun-hee.\" \"", "It's me, Joo-hwan.\" \"", "So today's your birthday?\" \"", "Happy birthday.\" \"", "I'II treat you to something nice tomorrow.\" \"", "hello?\" \"", "Oh hello, Ja-hyun, I'm sorry.\" \"", "I know it's very late.\" \"", "Dae-su is on his way now.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "Yes?\" \"", "hold on.\" \"", "Dae-su, it's your wife.\" \"", "Dae-su!\" \"", "Dae-su!\" \"", "Dae-su!\" \"", "Hey, Dae-su!\" \"", "Dae-su!\" \"", "Sir, sir.\" \"", "Wait, come here.\" \"", "Come talk to me.\" \"", "I won't tell you to let me go.\" \"", "Just tell me why I'm here, okay?\" \"", "I should know the reason at Ieast.\" \"", "Shit, I've been locked up here for two months already.\" \"", "Sir, wait, come here.\" \"", "Sir, wait.\" \"", "What is this place?\" \"", "Sir, just tell me how long I have to stay in here.\" \"", "Sir!\" \"", "Fuck you!\" \"", "Come here, you asshole!\" \"", "Son of a bitch.\" \"", "I saw your face, asshole.\" \"", "You're dead if I get out.\" \"", "Come here, asshole.\" \"", "I'm sorry.\" \"", "I won't curse.\" \"", "Just tell me.\" \"", "One month, two, or three?\" \"", "Hey, where are you going?\" \"", "Just tell me how long, you son of a bitch!\" \"", "I said tell me how long, you asshole!\" \"", "You son of a bitch!\" \"", "You fucking assholes!\" \"", "If they had told me it was going to be 15 years, could it have been easier to endure?\" \"", "Or could it have not?\" \"", "Laugh, and the world laughs with you.\" \"", "Weep, and you weep alone.\" \"", "When the melody turns on, gas comes out.\" \"", "When the gas comes, I faII asleep.\" \"", "I found out later that it's the same valium gas\" \"Russian soldiers used on the Chechen terrorists.\" \"", "When I wake up,my hair has been cut.\" \"", "I don't like the style really.\" \"", "But they change my clothes, and clean the place up.\" \"", "grateful bastards.\" \"", "One, two...\" \"It's too spicy.\" \"", "I don't want spinach.\" \"", "You eat it.\" \"", "I won't eat spinach.\" \"", "I don't want to eat spinach.\" \"", "Kim Ja-hyun's body was found deeply stabbed in the neck.\" \"", "Seeing that it was a coId-bIooded murder with nothing valuable stolen, police suspect that the motive was out of hatred.\" \"", "Her husband, Oh Dae-su, who disappeared a year ago, is being searched for.\" \"", "According to witnesses, Oh Dae-su drank often, causing trouble with his wife, and neighbors said they fought frequently.\" \"", "blood samples found at the scene matched Oh Dae-su's.\" \"", "Fingerprints found on a cup also matched Oh Dae-su's.\" \"", "Sources said that Oh Dae-su surely visited his wife recently.\" \"", "The stolen family album also backs their theories.\" \"", "After three years, many wrinkles have formed on his face.\" \"", "Right always prevails.\" \"", "If you stand aimlessly at a phone booth on a rainy day, and meet a man whose face is covered by a violet umbrella,\" \"I'd suggest that you get close to the TV.\" \"", "The television is both a clock and calendar.\" \"", "It's your school, home, church, friend,\" \"and lover.\" \"", "But...\" \"\"The face I miss\"\" \"\"My heart is going to you\"\" \"\"As I shed my sad tears, you're the face I miss\"\" \"But, my lover's song\" \"is too short.\" \"", "I wrote down all the people I fought, bothered, and hurt.\" \"", "This was both my prison journal and autobiography of my evil deeds.\" \"", "I thought I had lived an average life,\" \"but I've sinned so much.\" \"", "AII I thought about at that moment was that the guy next door probably ate with one chopstick.\" \"", "But...\" \"But,\" \"who would've imprisoned me?\" \"", "Was it Yoo Heung-sam?\" \"", "Lee So-young or Kang Chang-suk?\" \"", "Whoever it was, just wait.\" \"", "Wait a bit more.\" \"", "I'II rip your whole body apart, and no one will be able to find your body anywhere.\" \"", "Because I'm going to chew it all down.\" \"", "One line for one year.\" \"", "I have to sew six lines at first.\" \"", "I guess next year will be easier.\" \"", "The more the tattoos, the shorter the chopstick.\" \"", "The shorter the chopstick, the bigger the wall's hole gets.\" \"", "Anyway, time passes well.\" \"", "9 years.\" \"", "10 years.\" \"", "1 1 years.\" \"", "12 years.\" \"", "13 years.\" \"", "14 years.\" \"", "I'II be out in a month.\" \"", "I'II be out in a month.\" \"", "I'II be out.\" \"", "I'II be out after a month.\" \"", "I'II be out of here.\" \"", "I'II be out in a month.\" \"", "In exactly one month, I'II be out.\" \"", "I'II need money when I get out, so what should I do?\" \"", "should I steal or rob?\" \"", "What shall I eat first?\" \"", "Anything will be fine, except for fried dumplings.\" \"", "Where am I anyway?\" \"", "With all the cars honking, it must be the city.\" \"", "The most important thing is what floor I'm on.\" \"", "What if I pierce through the wall and it's the 52nd floor?\" \"", "Even if I faII to my death, I'm still getting out.\" \"", "I'm getting out.\" \"", "I'm getting out.\" \"", "In one month, I'm getting out.\" \"", "Right now, you're lying on a plain.\" \"", "When you hear the bell, you will turn your head, and look down.\" \"", "You will see an endless field of green grass.\" \"", "The sun is shining bright and there's a cool breeze.\" \"", "It's a human being.\" \"", "Don't stop me!\" \"", "Mister.\" \"", "Even though I'm no worst than a beast,\" \"don't I have the right to live?\" \"", "Mister.\" \"", "Even though I'm no worst than a beast, don't I have the right to live?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "That phone booth alley was just here.\" \"", "Now there's an apartment building.\" \"", "So he throws me on the roof.\" \"", "What a numskull.\" \"", "I want to tell you my story.\" \"", "delay your death.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "I see.\" \"", "Now I'II tell you my story.\" \"", "The reason why I want to die...\" \"Hey!\" \"", "It's a human female.\" \"", "Laugh, and the world laughs with you.\" \"", "Weep, and you weep alone.\" \"", "My home is gone.\" \"", "I can't call either my friend or relatives.\" \"", "Since I'm the one who murdered my wife.\" \"", "Since I'm a fugitive.\" \"", "You dickshit!\" \"", "Dickshit...\" \"That's new one.\" \"", "Since the TV doesn't teach you curse words.\" \"", "Can imaginary training for 15 years be put to use?\" \"", "It can.\" \"", "OpIegnathus fasciatus.\" \"", "Lives in the warm waters of coastal reefs.\" \"", "A fish with weak reflexes, but can resist unyieIdingIy once it's caught in a hook.\" \"", "In Kyungsang Province, its offspring...\" \"What's this smell?\" \"", "Don't even think about asking me any questions.\" \"", "I don't know a thing.\" \"", "Yes?\" \"", "I said I want something alive.\" \"", "Oh, right.\" \"", "Long time no see.\" \"", "This is my first time.\" \"", "Maybe not?\" \"", "But she looks familiar.\" \"", "You look very familiar.\" \"", "Have I seen you somewhere?\" \"\"", "Searching for the Best Chefs\"\" \"\"On Ch.1 1 every Thursday at 6:30.\"\" \"\"", "The youngest female chef of Japanese food.\"\" \"", "Oh that?\" \"", "They said the ratings are low, but I guess it's popular.\" \"", "Women's hands are usually warm, so they can't make sushi.\" \"", "Wow, you sure do know a Iot.\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "Do you Iike your clothes?\" \"", "Why...\" \"Why did you imprison me?\" \"", "Who do you think I am?\" \"", "Yoo Heung-sam?\" \"", "Wrong.\" \"", "Did Lee So-young hire you?\" \"", "No, wrong again.\" \"", "Lee Jong-yong?\" \"", "Kang Chang-suk?\" \"", "Hwang Joo-yeun?\" \"", "Kim Na-sung?\" \"", "Park Ji-woo?\" \"", "Im Duk-yoon?\" \"", "Lee Jae-pyung?\" \"", "Kuk Su-ran?\" \"", "Who the hell are you?\" \"", "Me?\" \"", "I'm sort of a scholar.\" \"", "And my major is you.\" \"", "A scholar studying Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "An expert on Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "Who I am isn't important.\" \"", "Why is important.\" \"", "Think it over.\" \"", "Review your whole lifetime.\" \"", "Since school is over, it's time for your homework.\" \"", "Right?\" \"", "Keep this in mind.\" \"\"", "Be it a grain of sand or rock, in water they sink as the same.\"\" \"", "Let me ask you one thing.\" \"", "You hypnotized me in there, didn't you?\" \"", "What did you do to me?\" \"", "I miss you.\" \"", "Hurry and come to me.\" \"", "Here you are.\" \"", "It's alive, right?\" \"", "I'II slice it up now.\" \"", "I must be a different breed of women.\" \"", "My hands are very cold, you see.\" \"", "What's with her?\" \"", "Sir.\" \"", "Sir.\" \"", "Keep this in mind.\" \"\"", "Be it a grain of sand or rock, in water they sink as the same.\"\" \"", "Awake now?\" \"", "Is this true?\" \"", "That fever remedy really works.\" \"", "Why'd you faint if you trained so much?\" \"", "A lack of needed sunlight depIetes you of vitamins A and E.\" \"So I'm not immune to influenza.\" \"", "Do you usually talk that way?\" \"", "The bathroom door is broken and doesn't lock.\" \"", "Don't get any bright ideas.\" \"", "Or else I'II slice you Iike sushi.\" \"", "What's this?\" \"", "Suppositories.\" \"", "How else could I feed you medicine if you fainted?\" \"", "Can imaginary training for 15 years be put to use?\" \"", "It can't.\" \"", "That was very bad of me.\" \"", "Since I turned you down after bringing you here,\" \"I understand why you're mad.\" \"", "I do.\" \"", "I brought you here because I Iike you, too.\" \"", "But...\" \"You even don't know my name.\" \"", "I'm Mido.\" \"", "You see.\" \"", "When I'm really ready later,\" \"I swear on my Iife that I will.\" \"", "That song, \"The Face I Miss\", in your diary.\" \"", "That's the sign.\" \"", "When I sing it, then get yourself ready.\" \"", "I couId resist again at the heat of the moment.\" \"", "But no matter what, don't ever back out.\" \"", "Just give it to me!\" \"", "Give it to me?\" \"", "The ants...\" \"Do you still see them?\" \"", "Do you still feel that way?\" \"", "Yeah, if you're alone, you see the ants.\" \"", "Very lonely people that I met, they all haIIucinated ants at one time.\" \"", "After I thought about it, ants move around in groups, you know.\" \"", "So I guess very lonely people keep thinking about ants.\" \"", "Even though I never did.\" \"", "She called from overseas five or six years ago, asking if her dad showed up.\" \"", "She doesn't even know that he killed her mother.\" \"", "Since she has few relatives, she calls us.\" \"", "Her Korean has gotten bad.\" \"", "I think her Swedish foster parents are both doctors.\" \"", "Anyhow, Miss Reporter,\" \"Dae-su really hasn't been caught yet?\" \"", "Your daughter's address is on the front, and on the back is a map to your wife's grave.\" \"", "Eva...\" \"stockholm...\" \"Eva...\" \"Do you want to call her?\" \"", "Want me to call her?\" \"", "Wanna go to the grave together?\" \"", "No, after I kill that bastard first.\" \"", "blue Dragon\" \"Is it right?\" \"", "I haven't chewed it yet.\" \"", "blue Dragon\" \"So?\" \"", "Is that the taste?\" \"", "Be it 10 or 100 restaurants, it doesn't matter.\" \"", "I can never forget that taste for 15 years.\" \"", "blue Dragon\" \"Want me to make you an ID to log in?\" \"", "Do you have a favorite movie or song?\" \"", "I talked to him.\" \"", "The Count of Monte Cristo?\" \"", "There's no one by that name here.\" \"", "How's life in a bigger prison, Oh Dae-su?\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "The lonely prince in the high tower.\" \"", "Don't forget me.\" \"", "Who's this bastard?\" \"", "I don't know him.\" \"", "I just chat with him sometimes.\" \"", "And talk about sushi, too.\" \"", "Where are you going?\" \"", "Where are you going?\" \"", "I can't trust you.\" \"", "Magic...\" \"Magic blue Dragon Chinese Restaurant\" \"What could the Magic blue Dragon mean?\" \"", "Why the hell did they order from a restaurant this far away?\" \"", "I've gone by five Chinese restaurants already.\" \"", "My lungs feel like exploding.\" \"", "tell your cooks to put less scallions in the dumplings.\" \"", "Sure.\" \"", "Set it down and go.\" \"", "Okay.\" \"", "We don't work on anyone being protected by bodyguards.\" \"", "There are other people who specialize in that.\" \"", "You can hire them.\" \"", "We just work on the small fries.\" \"", "If it's over six months, transportation fee is free.\" \"", "Yes, of course.\" \"", "Why'd you lock me up, you...\" \"Dickshit.\" \"", "In our 7.5 floor business, our clients' info is top secret.\" \"", "I'm going to pay you back for all 15 years.\" \"", "Each one I yank out will make you age one year.\" \"", "I'm almost done.\" \"", "Stay still.\" \"", "Ready to talk?\" \"", "I don't know...\" \"I didn't see his face...\" \"I recorded it...\" \"Oh Dae-su\" \"AB blood types raise your hand.\" \"", "Go, he lost a Iot of blood.\" \"", "I can't get along today either.\" \"", "I've now become a monster.\" \"", "When my vengeance is over, can I return as the old Dae-su?\" \"", "Mister, are you alright?\" \"", "Look at all this blood.\" \"", "Mister, what happened to you?\" \"", "Saewoon Apartments in Eung-am, building 8.\" \"", "please take care of him.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "Not at all.\" \"", "well, then...\" \"farewell Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "farewell Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "farewell.\" \"", "farewell.\" \"", "Any bastard you hate, but can't dare to kill.\" \"", "Any bitch you detest, but want more than kill.\" \"", "We are at your service.\" \"", "WouIdn't he go crazy if he's locked up for a Iong time?\" \"", "well, if you prefer he doesn't, we can mix drugs into his drink.\" \"", "RistedaI solution.\" \"", "It's a weII-trusted drug used to treat schizophrenia.\" \"", "well, the duration is important, so how long will he... 15 years.\" \"", "Too long?\" \"", "What did he do?\" \"", "Oh Dae-su, you see, talks too much.\" \"", "Go to sleep.\" \"", "Time to visit Joo-hwan at the Internet cafe tomorrow.\" \"", "Sit wherever you'd Iike.\" \"", "Joo-hwan.\" \"", "Oh Dae-su, you see, talks too much.\" \"", "Have you heard this voice before?\" \"", "Is there anyone who hates me this much?\" \"", "I don't know all the 260 names of your women's husbands.\" \"", "ID:\" \"Monster\" \"Mido\" \"Who's Mido?\" \"", "This girl who cries over nothing.\" \"", "Joo-hwan.\" \"", "Did I really talk too much?\" \"", "My friend,\" \"I'd Iike for you to find that criminal among people you're close to.\" \"", "Search:\" \"Evergreen\" \"Evergreen invites you to chat.\" \"", "congratulations, your case was automatically dismissed yesterday.\" \"", "But remember this by all means.\" \"", "Open quote.\" \"", "Like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter...\" \"Like a bird from the snare of the fowler...\" \"Free yourself.\" \"", "close quote.\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "What about you, you rotten bastard?\" \"", "I made up my mind when I was imprisoned.\" \"", "That I won't trust anyone if I get out.\" \"", "If there's anyone who I find suspicious, then I'II create a secret that person and I will only know.\" \"", "That ID, Monster, is a trap that I made to catch you.\" \"", "You lead a stranger to your place.\" \"", "Who the hell are you?\" \"", "Who's Evergreen?\" \"", "I tracked down that Evergreen ID, and found the owner's name.\" \"", "Ready to jot it down?\" \"", "Go ahead.\" \"", "It's Su Dae-oh.\" \"", "That's a strange surname.\" \"", "Address?\" \"", "Saewoon Apartments in Eung-am.\" \"", "building 7, room 407.\" \"", "I'm not doing fine.\" \"", "Within life in a bigger prison...\" \"\"Evergreen.\"\" \"\"", "Who are you?\"\" \"", "You meant to ask this, right?\" \"", "Bad boy, you must find out on your own.\" \"", "Come on, it's a game.\" \"", "First, who?\" \"", "Then, why?\" \"", "If you figure it out, come see me anytime.\" \"", "I'II raise your score.\" \"", "You have until july 5th.\" \"", "Oh no, only five days left.\" \"", "Too short?\" \"", "Hang in there.\" \"", "If you succeed, I'II kill myself and not Mido.\" \"", "That's right, Mido.\" \"", "I'm going to kill every woman you love until you die.\" \"", "well, you're notorious for not protecting your women.\" \"", "Wow, you're strong, Mr. Monster.\" \"", "Yes, you are the very monster I created.\" \"", "But you won't find out the \"why?\" ", "if you do this.\" \"", "15 years of being curious would go to waste.\" \"", "So is that okay with you?\" \"", "Sit down there.\" \"", "Oh, the famous teeth torture.\" \"", "You won't have enough time to torture me.\" \"", "Since I have a weak heart, I have a pacemaker in my chest.\" \"", "When it was put in, know what I asked the doctor?\" \"", "Doctor Hopkins, give me a remote control to turn that motor off.\" \"", "Pardon?\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "So that I can kill myself easily at anytime.\" \"", "I'II give you $100,000 more.\" \"", "Oh, what will you do?\" \"", "You want to kill me right away, but you won't know why you were imprisoned.\" \"", "You want to torture me, but I say I'II kill myself first.\" \"", "Do you seek revenge, or do you find the truth?\" \"", "Oh, you're in a tough spot.\" \"", "I've been watching over you for 15 years.\" \"", "I faired well thanks to you.\" \"", "I wasn't bored or lonely.\" \"", "Seeking revenge is the best cure for someone who got hurt.\" \"", "Try it.\" \"", "The loss of 15 years, the pain of losing your wife and child, you can forget all this.\" \"", "Once again, revenge is good for your health.\" \"", "But...\" \"What happens after you've revenged yourself?\" \"", "I bet that hidden pain will probably come back again.\" \"", "Are you there, Dae-su?\" \"", "Dae-su, long time no see.\" \"", "Hasn't she been tied up for too long?\" \"", "I think you also left the door open.\" \"", "please save me.\" \"", "But I couId die first.\" \"", "This dentist is really good.\" \"", "Don't move.\" \"", "Don't move.\" \"", "What's with you?\" \"", "Now...\" \"Here we go...\" \"You see, they say that people shriveI up because they have an imagination.\" \"", "So do not imagine.\" \"", "You'II become brave as hell.\" \"", "Now, here comes the real thing.\" \"", "Yes?\" \"", "You know I'm glad you told me about this place, but I haven't even started.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Let's go.\" \"", "Let's really go.\" \"", "Let's fight.\" \"", "Let's fight.\" \"", "What a roughneck.\" \"", "Your hand.\" \"", "I'm going to chop off your hand.\" \"", "You touched Mido's breasts.\" \"", "Then what about my tongue?\" \"", "You still don't trust me, you rotten bastard?\" \"", "It looks hard to accomplish.\" \"", "I Iooked into it, and the reason why the bank refused to pay $270 million isn't because our building has any irregularities,\" \"They have an internal problem at their bank.\" \"", "So I think there will be no problem.\" \"", "although Chairman Choi's equity share is at 25 percent...\" \"Dae-su.\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Did he really say that he'II kill me?\" \"", "Yeah.\" \"", "Because you love me?\" \"", "Dae-su.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "The face I miss\" \"My heart is only getting lonelier\" \"The words you send with your eyes\" \"I can feel with my hand\" \"So many nights have passed\" \"My heart is going to you\" \"As I shed my sad tears,\" \"You're the face I miss\" \"They packed their stuff and left in a rental car.\" \"", "Mido called the restaurant and quit.\" \"", "Let's go after this is done.\" \"", "You should get some rest today.\" \"", "I can't even sleep.\" \"", "Since I am forlorn.\" \"", "Do you really think\" \"Mido has fallen in love with Dae-su?\" \"", "already?\" \"", "Dae-su, it really hurts.\" \"", "But I'm enduring it.\" \"", "You must know this.\" \"", "How'd you hold out?\" \"", "For 15 years?\" \"", "There's always a way.\" \"", "Do you Iike it?\" \"", "You really like it, right?\" \"", "I want to be good to you.\" \"", "Do not worry about future.\" \"", "Don't imagine anything.\" \"", "I feel like thanking all those years in that prison.\" \"", "If I wasn't in there, could Mido have liked me still?\" \"", "He could only know that I wanted to chop off Mr. Park's hand by putting a bug on us,\" \"and he knew our whereabouts by tailing us.\" \"", "I've been bugged.\" \"", "please find it.\" \"", "You know, maybe he freed you because he has fun watching you run wild seeking revenge.\" \"", "And never tell you why, so he can toy with you forever.\" \"", "You think that's why?\" \"", "Evergreen Press, an online printing system.\" \"", "Evergreen Pasta and Pizza.\" \"", "Evergreen Services, specializing in security, parking, cleaning.\" \"", "Evergreen Tree Garden.\" \"", "Evergreen old Boys,\" \"Sangnok High school alumni homepage.\" \"", "Evergreen Secret Diary, Jung Sang-rok's personal site.\" \"", "Norwegian Wood, Evergreen...\" \"welcome to Evergreen old Boys, the Sangnok High school alumni Homepage.\" \"", "But it's time to close up.\" \"", "Can't I Iook at the records of class '79?\" \"", "It's dark, so turn on the lights.\" \"", "Take your time.\" \"", "Joo-hwan?\" \"", "Let me ask you something.\" \"", "Do you know Lee Woo-jin of class '79?\" \"", "I think he went to America to study.\" \"", "Lee Woo-jin?\" \"", "Don't know him.\" \"", "So is that the bastard's name?\" \"", "How'd you find out?\" \"", "I Iooked through all the school's albums, and found his face.\" \"", "I don't know who someone is just with a name.\" \"", "Got anything else?\" \"", "Why don't you look for the school records or something?\" \"", "Do you know Lee Soo-ah?\" \"", "She was in the same grade as us.\" \"", "Lee Soo-ah?\" \"", "She died.\" \"", "What class was she in?\" \"", "Homeroom two of our senior year.\" \"", "She was in my room.\" \"", "Next to yours.\" \"", "So what about her?\" \"", "Why is there no photo?\" \"", "Ah, she died so that's why.\" \"", "How did Soo-ah die?\" \"", "That's right, you wouldn't know.\" \"", "She died after you transferred.\" \"", "She went alone to the Habchun Dam, and fell into the river.\" \"", "She croaked like a dead fish.\" \"", "A week later they found her bloated body in the water.\" \"", "What was she like?\" \"", "Her?\" \"", "She was a total slut.\" \"", "On the outside, she acted like a prude, but she was a filthy whore on the inside.\" \"", "Rumors had it that slut fucked everyone at school.\" \"", "I should've gotten in there.\" \"", "I also heard that her family was really rich.\" \"", "Her grades were good, too.\" \"", "But the bad thing was that she was a slut.\" \"", "Wow, this is such an old story.\" \"", "Dae-su, I don't remember since it was so long ago, but that Soo-ah, you see...\" \"Wait, Dae-su, you also...\" \"Joo-hwan, what's with you?\" \"", "Joo-hwan!\" \"", "Joo-hwan!\" \"", "Dae-su.\" \"", "Dae-su?\" \"", "My sister wasn't a slut.\" \"", "You must accept this.\" \"", "Since you got rid of your bug, I had to come all the way here.\" \"", "To eavesdrop.\" \"", "So that's why Joo-hwan died because of you.\" \"", "Okay?\" \"", "I'm going to kill you!\" \"", "You son of a bitch!\" \"", "We're not open yet.\" \"", "please come back in an hour.\" \"", "Someone who got six gold teeth recommended this place.\" \"", "Mr. Park?\" \"", "I had to move because of you.\" \"", "As a commemoration,\" \"I installed a new TV.\" \"", "Do you Iike it?\" \"", "There are so many channels.\" \"", "Great, huh?\" \"", "There are even some who prefer to stay here.\" \"", "You lived in a place like this for 15 years?\" \"", "It felt like home after 1 1 years though.\" \"", "Come on, I don't need money.\" \"", "An enemy's enemy is a friend.\" \"", "We threw away the hand 'cause it rotted.\" \"", "Honey, I missed you.\" \"", "Rotten bastard.\" \"", "You'II pay for this.\" \"", "So why'd you bring me here?\" \"", "If I don't return after july 5th, then let her go.\" \"", "while I was locked up here, I remember someone visiting me.\" \"", "What did that person do?\" \"", "Was it three times?\" \"", "I put a hypnosis-inducing drug in your water.\" \"", "Sodium Barbiturate?\" \"", "TV Man knows it all.\" \"", "Scissorhands Hair salon\" \"That's nonsense.\" \"", "Even though it was a catholic school, she wouldn't die because of rumors that she was a slut.\" \"", "There's probably another reason.\" \"", "could she have been pregnant?\" \"", "Yeah, I really don't think Soo-ah was like that.\" \"", "She was such a pure girl.\" \"", "I know she didn't put out for anyone.\" \"", "But she did go out with someone back then.\" \"", "So who was that guy?\" \"", "I have no idea.\" \"", "Choon-shim.\" \"", "You knew Lee Soo-ah, right?\" \"", "Who was her boyfriend?\" \"", "Don't know?\" \"", "Shut the hell up.\" \"", "What would you know about friendship?\" \"", "Shut your crap.\" \"", "Then who'd know?\" \"", "Who?\" \"", "Joo-hwan?\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Yeah, I know him.\" \"", "But how'd he know?\" \"", "Yeah?\" \"", "really?\" \"", "Okay, hang up.\" \"", "I'II call you in a bit.\" \"", "Choon-shim said she heard it from Joo-hwan.\" \"", "And that you'd know the best.\" \"", "Ring, ring, move aside.\" \"", "You'II get hurt if you hesitate.\" \"", "Oh Dae-su\" \"Look at you.\" \"", "Put it out!\" \"", "I'm transferring today.\" \"", "To SeouI.\" \"So butt out, Miss Kim.\" \"", "You good-for-nothing!\" \"", "You're Oh Dae-su, right?\" \"", "And you're Miss...\" \"I heard you're popular among the girls.\" \"", "You know how rumors are.\" \"", "I heard you're really funny.\" \"", "Say something.\" \"", "Me being so popular is such a big hassle.\" \"", "There's this father and son.\" \"", "They went to the public bath, and...\" \"See you later.\" \"", "Take care, fuckheads!\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Wait.\" \"", "Come here.\" \"", "I won't.\" \"", "Hurry and come here.\" \"", "Okay, okay.\" \"", "Satisfied?\" \"", "Raise this up.\" \"", "Come on.\" \"", "Raise it.\" \"", "I won't.\" \"", "What?\" \"", "It tickles.\" \"", "Give it here.\" \"", "What are you doing?\" \"", "Let me see.\" \"", "What are you doing?\" \"", "Let me see.\" \"", "Stop.\" \"", "Go away.\" \"", "Was it really Soo-ah?\" \"", "Are you sure?\" \"", "I don't know her name.\" \"", "AII I know is that she's in your room, and she rides a red bike.\" \"", "Have a good trip.\" \"", "See you in seoul if I go.\" \"", "Where are you going?\" \"", "Going on a date with Choon-shim.\" \"", "I'II kill you if you shoot your mouth.\" \"", "No way.\" \"", "You get locked up for 15 years just for saying that?\" \"", "Was that such a big crime?\" \"", "Be it a grain of sand or rock, in water they sink as the same.\" \"", "That's what Lee Woo-jin believes.\" \"", "Then what does july 5th stand for?\" \"", "That's the day\" \"Lee Soo-ah died.\" \"", "Now it's over.\" \"", "Instead of seeking revenge, you wanted to find out why you were imprisoned, right?\" \"", "Now we'II run away where Woo-jin can never find us, right?\" \"", "Right?\" \"", "I can't end it like this.\" \"", "Seeking revenge has become a part of me.\" \"", "But you don't even know where he lives.\" \"", "Like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter...\" \"Like a bird from the snare of the fowler...\" \"Free yourself.\" \"", "It's a phrase from\"Jamon\" 6, verse 4.\" \"", "And \"Jamon\" in english means Maxim.\" \"", "And Evergreen said he lives in a high tower.\" \"", "So six and four must just be floors.\" \"", "Fourth floor.\" \"", "Sixth floor.\" \"", "Or the sixty-forth floor?\" \"", "P?\" \"", "Penthouse!\" \"", "please insert the code.\" \"", "What would you Iike me to pray?\" \"", "Wrong entry.\" \"", "please insert again.\" \"", "Wrong entry.\" \"", "please insert again.\" \"", "Dear Lord, please let me meet a younger man next time.\" \"", "please let Woo-jin bow next to Dae-su, and make him beg for forgiveness.\" \"", "You slept with your sister.\" \"", "Let's go up and talk.\" \"", "Sic him!\" \"", "Try to be nice.\" \"", "feels great.\" \"", "You slept with your sister.\" \"", "I feel so refreshing.\" \"", "And I started the rumors.\" \"", "That's why your sister died.\" \"", "Looking through the mirror reminds me of that day.\" \"", "Doesn't it?\" \"", "Erasing my memory and telling me to find the truth was unfair.\" \"", "I won, so die like you promised.\" \"", "You think you forgot that day because you were hypnotized?\" \"", "Are you sure?\" \"", "Do you know the real reason why you can't remember?\" \"", "Let me tell you.\" \"", "You just, forgot.\" \"", "Is that bland?\" \"", "But it's true that you just forgot.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Since it's not your business.\" \"", "Your rumor grew so out of proportion that Soo-ah being pregnant became a rumor.\" \"", "My sister got sucked into that rumor, and began believing it.\" \"", "So her period stopped, and her belly began to swell.\" \"", "Funny, isn't it?\" \"", "Ever thought how'd a girl feel bearing both her child and nephew?\" \"", "Understand now?\" \"", "Your tongue got my sister pregnant.\" \"", "It wasn't Lee Woo-jin's dick.\" \"", "It was Oh Dae-su's tongue.\" \"", "Is that why you killed your sister?\" \"", "What?\" \"", "Ever thought how'd the boy feel impregnating a child and nephew?\" \"", "You were probably afraid.\" \"", "Afraid that everyone will know once the baby's born.\" \"", "When you realized that she imagined it after you killed her, you hating me\" \"is understandable.\" \"", "They said Soo-ah died alone at the dam, but who took this photo?\" \"", "And what about the date july 5th?\" \"", "This is no fun.\" \"", "I'II just finish what I was saying.\" \"", "Listen carefully.\" \"", "My story is really fun.\" \"", "Ever heard of post-hypnotic suggestion?\" \"", "You suggest something during hypnosis, and then it's acted out in your wakened state.\" \"", "still haven't figured it out?\" \"", "You lead a stranger to your place.\" \"", "Who the hell are you?\" \"", "What about you, you rotten bastard?\" \"", "We hypnotized both of you.\" \"", "One very fortunate thing was that both of you were highly receptive to hypnosis compared to others.\" \"", "Isn't this fun?\" \"", "One word gets you pregnant, one word gets you in love.\" \"", "But no matter how much you two are receptive to hypnosis, or no matter how good of a hypnotist Mrs. Yoo is, getting people to fall in love isn't easy.\" \"", "So do you know how we did it?\" \"", "Your first suggestion, of course, was to go to that restaurant after your release.\" \"", "Next, to react to the cell phone's melody.\" \"", "When you heard this, you were to say something.\" \"", "Who are you?\" \"", "Do you Iike your clothes?\" \"", "And Mido was to react to the man who were to say this.\" \"", "When she grabs your hand, your reaction would be...\" \"Of course...\" \"Your gravest mistake wasn't falling to find the answer.\" \"", "You can't find the right answer if you ask the wrong questions.\" \"", "It's not \"Why did Woo-jin imprison me?\"\" \"", "It's \"Why did he release me?\"\" \"", "Once again, why did Woo-jin release Dae-su after... 15 years?\" \"", "Laugh, and the world laughs with you.\" \"", "Weep, and you will weep alone.\" \"", "Mr. Han.\" \"", "Mister Han!\" \"", "Mido...\" \"Mido doesn't know, right?\" \"", "Damn it.\" \"", "Why'd you hide her there?\" \"", "You thought he'd hate me because I cut off his hand, right?\" \"", "CouIdn't you figure it out that it was a trap?\" \"", "How can you protect your woman with that brain of yours?\" \"", "I've been secretly raising Mido since she was three.\" \"", "What's wrong with you?\" \"", "And Mr. Park's hand?\" \"", "You moron.\" \"", "Know that new prison of his?\" \"", "He said he had to move, so I bought him that building for his hand!\" \"", "Dae-su!\" \"", "A box is here.\" \"", "It's that same violet box.\" \"", "He's telling me to open it.\" \"", "No!\" \"", "No, Mido, don't.\" \"", "Don't open it no matter what.\" \"", "If you open it, something terrible will happen.\" \"", "What's in it?\" \"", "You know, don't you?\" \"", "Mido.\" \"", "My Sweet Pea, wait a little longer.\" \"", "I'II be there very soon.\" \"", "Can't you come right now?\" \"", "I'm scared.\" \"", "My Sweet Pea, you can wait for me, right?\" \"", "Yes.\" \"", "Good.\" \"", "Good girl.\" \"", "I'II call you very soon, okay?\" \"", "I beg you.\" \"", "please don't tell Mido.\" \"", "What has she done wrong?\" \"", "You know it was all my fault.\" \"", "I have...\" \"I have committed a terrible sin to your sister.\" \"", "And I was very wrong to you.\" \"", "So please leave Mido alone, okay?\" \"", "If Mido finds out the truth, you asshole,\" \"I'II rip your whole body apart, and no one will be able to find your body anywhere.\" \"", "Why?\" \"", "Because I'm going to chew it all down.\" \"", "Woo-jin!\" \"", "Woo-jin, I made a mistake.\" \"", "please forget what I said.\" \"", "Sir!\" \"", "Boss!\" \"", "Woo-jin!\" \"", "We're Evergreen old Boys, remember?\" \"", "With the energy from a green pine tree, the Great Sangnok High...\" \"I'II do whatever you want.\" \"", "I'II do anything.\" \"", "I beg you.\" \"", "Woo-jin, if you want me to be a dog, I will!\" \"", "I'm Woo-jin's dog from now on!\" \"", "I'm your puppy!\" \"", "Look, I'm wagging my tail.\" \"", "I'm a dog.\" \"", "I'II guard the house well.\" \"", "I'II be your slave dog.\" \"", "The box...\" \"Just leave it closed.\" \"", "Now, what joy will I Iive for?\" \"", "Dae-su.\" \"", "It really hurts.\" \"", "But I'm enduring it.\" \"", "You must know this.\" \"", "My sister and I Ioved each other even though we knew everything.\" \"", "Can you two do the same?\" \"", "Soo-ah.\" \"", "Woo-jin.\" \"", "I know you've been scared.\" \"", "So let go of me, okay?\" \"", "Remember me, okay?\" \"", "I have no regrets.\" \"", "What about you?\" \"", "This is the whole adventure I went through until now.\" \"", "Thank you for listening to a terrible story till the end.\" \"", "Sending a letter instead of talking to you in person,\" \"I trust that you will understand.\" \"", "The reason why is that I have no tongue.\" \"", "To be honest, I have no reason to help you.\" \"", "But there was one thing.\" \"", "I was touched by this last sentence.\" \"", "Even though I'm no worst than a beast, don't I have the right to live?\" \"", "The hypnosis could go wrong, and distort your memories.\" \"", "will that be okay?\" \"", "If you're ready, stare at that tree.\" \"", "The tree is slowly changing into a concrete column.\" \"", "You're now in Woo-jin's penthouse.\" \"", "It's a dreary night.\" \"", "The sound of your footsteps to the window permeates the room.\" \"", "When I ring my bell, you'II be split into two persons.\" \"", "The one who doesn't know the secret is Oh Dae-su.\" \"", "The one who keeps the secret is the Monster.\" \"", "When I ring the bell again, the Monster will turn around and begin walking.\" \"", "With each step, you age one year.\" \"", "When the Monster reaches seventy, he will die.\" \"", "There's no need to worry.\" \"", "It will be a very peaceful death.\" \"", "Now, good luck to you.\" \"", "What's wrong?\" \"", "Look at you.\" \"", "Were you with somebody?\" \"", "I Iove you, Dae-su.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles" }

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[ "The improvement of lipase secretion and stability by addition of inert compounds into Acinetobacter calcoaceticus cultures.", "\nAcinetobacter calcoaceticus BD413 produces variable amounts of an exocellular lipase that becomes rapidly inactivated upon secretion. ", "To achieve high yield and protect the enzyme, we assayed the addition of several inert compounds to cell-free supernatants, cell fractions, and whole cultures. ", "Glass beads, poly(ethylene glycol) 600, Triton X-100, saccharose, gum arabic, and beta-cyclodextrin were among the compounds tested. ", "beta-Cyclodextrin and gum arabic (and saccharose to a lesser extent) were effective enzyme stabilizers in cell-free supernatants, while gum arabic, glass beads, and Triton X-100 improved lipase secretion from cells, and, therefore, total lipase yield (30-50%, according to the additive). ", "In whole cultures, beta-cyclodextrin was the most effective additive, particularly in combination with glass beads or gum arabic. ", "Indeed, cultures containing beta-cyclodextrin plus gum arabic were able to maintain 95% (+/- 1.5%) of the initial lipase activity for more than 16 h, while control cultures with no additives maintained only 10% (+/- 4%) of the enzyme activity after the same period. ", "In conclusion, the addition of inert compounds in cultures may be considered a useful approach for achieving increased yield and lipase stabilization, amenable for downstream processing." ]

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[ "Although a number of receptor classes exist in humans, by far the most abundant and therapeutically relevant is represented by the GPCR class. ", "It is estimated that there are some 100,000 genes within the human genome, and of these, approximately 2% or 2,000 genes, are estimated to code for GPCRs. ", "Receptors, including GPCRs, for which the endogenous ligand has been identified are referred to as “known” receptors, while receptors for which the endogenous ligand has not been identified are referred to as “orphan” receptors. ", "GPCRs represent an important area for the development of pharmaceutical products, as evidenced by the fact that pharmaceutical products have been developed from approximately 20 of the 100 known GPCRs. ", "This distinction is not merely semantic, particularly in the case of GPCRs.", "\nGPCRs share a common structural motif. ", "All these receptors have seven sequences of between 22 to 24 hydrophobic amino acids that form seven alpha helices, each of which spans the membrane (each span is identified by number, i.e., transmembrane-1 (TM-1), transmembrane-2 (TM-2), etc.). ", "The transmembrane helices are joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane-2 and transmembrane-3, transmembrane-4 and transmembrane-5, and transmembrane-6 and transmembrane-7 on the exterior, or “extracellular” side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as “extracellular” regions 1, 2 and 3 (EC-1, EC-2 and EC-3), respectively). ", "The transmembrane helices are also joined by strands of amino acids between transmembrane-1 and transmembrane-2, transmembrane-3 and transmembrane-4, and transmembrane-5 and transmembrane-6 on the interior, or “intracellular” side, of the cell membrane (these are referred to as “intracellular” regions 1, 2 and 3 (IC-1, IC-2 and IC-3), respectively). ", "The “carboxy” (“C”) terminus of the receptor lies in the intracellular space within the cell, and the “amino” (“N”) terminus of the receptor lies in the extracellular space outside of the cell.", "\nGenerally, when an endogenous ligand binds with the receptor (often referred to as “activation” of the receptor), there is a change in the conformation of the intracellular region that allows for coupling between the intracellular region and an intracellular “G-protein.” ", "It has been reported that GPCRs are “promiscuous” with respect to G proteins, i.e., that a GPCR can interact with more than one G protein. ", "See, Kenakin, T., Life Sciences 43, 1095 (1988). ", "Although other G proteins exist, currently, Gq, Gs, Gi, and Go are G proteins that have been identified. ", "Endogenous ligand-activated GPCR coupling with the G-protein begins a signaling cascade process (referred to as “signal transduction”). ", "Under normal conditions, signal transduction ultimately results in cellular activation or cellular inhibition. ", "It is thought that the IC-3 loop as well as the carboxy terminus of the receptor interact with the G protein.", "\nUnder physiological conditions, GPCRs exist in the cell membrane in equilibrium between two different conformations: an “inactive” state and an “active” state. ", "A receptor in an inactive state is unable to link to the intracellular signaling transduction pathway to produce a biological response. ", "Changing the receptor conformation to the active state allows linkage to the transduction pathway (via the G-protein) and produces a biological response. ", "A receptor can be stabilized in an active state by an endogenous ligand or a compound such as a drug.", "\nModulation of G-protein coupled receptors has been well-studied for controlling various metabolic disorders. ", "Small molecule modulators of the receptor GPR119, a G-protein coupled-receptor described in, for example, GenBank (see, e.g., accession numbers XM.sub.—066873 and AY288416), have been shown to be useful for treating or preventing certain metabolic disorders. ", "GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is selectively expressed on pancreatic beta cells. ", "GPR119 activation leads to elevation of a level of intracellular cAMP, consistent with GPR119 being coupled to Gs. ", "Agonists to GPR119 stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in vitro and lower an elevated blood glucose level in vivo. ", "See, e.g., International Publication Nos. ", "WO 04/065380 and WO 04/076413, and European Patent Application No. ", "EP 1338651, the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.", "\nU.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "7,136,426 discloses pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ethers and related compounds as modulators of the GPR119 receptor that are useful for the treatment of various metabolic-related disorders such as type I diabetes, type II diabetes, inadequate glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia or syndrome X. The compounds are also reported as being useful for controlling weight gain, controlling food intake, and inducing satiety in mammals. ", "The promising nature of these GPCR modulators indicates a need in the art for additional small molecule GPCR modulators with improved efficacy and safety profiles. ", "This invention addresses that need." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "SparkFun gator:control ProtoSnap\n\nProduct Description\n\nA button or switch is something that can act as both an open and closed circuit, and either one makes a great addition to your project if you want to add some form of control to your project. ", "You can use buttons or switches as part of a circuit you’re building, or as a digital input for your micro:bit.", "\n\nThe pads on either side of the button or switch will be connected while attached to the ProtoSnap. ", "Snapping the board apart can be easily done by twisting each of the control boards side to side until it pops out. ", "This will need to be done if you want to use any of the boards on their own. ", "Keep in mind that the buttons will only close the circuit while it is pressed down; releasing the button opens the circuit.", "\n\nThe SparkFun gator:control ProtoSnap is one of a series of gator-clippable accessories called gator:boards that have been created to directly interface with the micro:bit or to other micro controllers! ", "The gator:control ProtoSnap offers a handful of ways to interact with projects you create using only gator-clip cables. ", "Each little board on this ProtoSnap can be kept as a whole while on the board or broken apart for individual use!" ]

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[ "Al Jaghbub Oasis\n\nThe Al Jaghbub Oasis is a protected area in northeastern Libya lying close to the border with Egypt. ", "It adjoins the desert village of Jaghbub which is inhabited by Berbers with a population of about 400.", "\n\nGeography\nThe Al Jaghbub Oasis is located on the northern edge of the Libyan Desert in a deep depression that is sunk about below sea level. ", " To the north of the oasis are escarpments where the Al Jaghbub Formation dating to the Middle Miocene is exposed. ", "This forms a layer largely composed of dolomite, running to the west where it is equivalent to the Marmarica Foundation and about thick, and to the east as far as the Moghra Oasis where it is only thick and has a high sand content. ", "At Al Jaghbub it is about thick and consists of white to yellow limestone, clay, marl and sandstone. ", "Fossils of echinoderms, bivalve molluscs, gastropods and bryozoans are found in this formation. ", "The Siwa Oasis in western Egypt lies about to the southeast in a similar depression.", "\n\nHistory\nThe Al Jaghbub Oasis was an important staging post for trans-Saharan traders and for pilgrims going to Siwa, Cairo and on to Mecca. ", "In 1856, Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi moved the headquarters of the Senussi movement from Bayda to here. ", "Al Jaghbub became a fortress town with an important Islamic university, second only in prestige to the Al-Azhar University at Cairo.", "\n\nThe oasis\nThe protected area was set up to provide a habitat in which the native wild animals and plants of the area could flourish. ", "The governmental body overseeing the protected area is the Technical Committee of Wildlife and National Parks which was created in 1990.", "\n\nThe oasis is visited by birds, especially waterfowl, during their annual migrations. ", "It is of particular interest because of the presence here of a subspecies of cockle Cardium edule rectidens, a marine bivalve mollusc.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Protected areas of Libya\nCategory:Oases of Libya" ]

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[ "Now Commenting On:\n\nCardinals pick Jones has big makeup\n\nCardinals pick Jones has big makeup\n\nEmail\n\nPrint\n\nCollege of the Canyons pitcher Cory Jones was the 180th overall pick on Tuesday.", "\n\nBy Mike Still\n/\nMLB.com |\n\nST. ", "LOUIS -- Chris Cota remembers the game well.", "\n\nThe College of the Canyons head baseball coach's ace, Cory Jones, had taken two weeks off from pitching after doctors had advised the big right-hander to rest a troublesome blister that developed on his right foot. ", "It was a nagging wound that Cota described as \"big and deep.\"", "\n\nJones took the hill on April 16 against Citrus College with a bevy of pro scouts dissecting each pitch. ", "Rusty from his time on the shelf, Jones got into trouble early. ", "His fastball wasn't as crisp, nor his command, and Citrus notched three runs through the first two innings.", "\n\nCato said some scouts packed up and left. ", "They'd seen enough. ", "Those who did missed a good battle.", "\n\n\"For three innings after that, he dialed it in and was back to mid-90s and certain guys were still there to see him get through that adversity,\" Cota said of Jones. \"", "It showed us that the guy wanted to stay out there and compete and try to figure it out.\"", "\n\nJones shut down Citrus the rest of the way, going six innings and striking out 10 en route to the win, while battling through lingering pain in his push-off foot.", "\n\nThe tenacity and drive Jones exhibited that day are a couple of the things Cato expects the Cardinals to learn to enjoy as well in the near future. ", "St. Louis took the 6-foot-5 right-hander with the No. ", "180 overall pick in the fifth round of the First-Year Player Draft on Tuesday.", "\n\nJones started 11 games for College of the Canyons this season, going 6-0 with a 2.79 ERA in 61 1/3 innings pitched. ", "His success was long overdue, however, as Jones hadn't been healthy and available for two years.", "\n\nHe'd committed to Pepperdine University out of Simi Valley High School in California, but saw limited action as a freshman in 2010. ", "From there, Jones transferred to College of Canyons -- a small junior college in Southern California. ", "Jones started six games last season, posting 2.47 ERA while striking out 43 batters in 40 innings. ", "But a right bicep injury sidelined him for the remainder of the season.", "\n\n\"He was really looking forward to a new opportunity and came with high hopes. ", "It was a bummer, because he did get injured after throwing six games,\" Cota said. \"", "Doctors said, 'You could keep throwing or you could rest it.' ", "And we decided to rest it, because I knew it was going to be a time where he had a chance to be a pretty high Draft pick.\"", "\n\nJones came back healthy this season and was regularly hitting mid-90s on the gun with his fastball. ", "That heat, combined with a big, late-breaking 12-6 curveball, helped Jones rack up a team-high 89 strikeouts, including fanning 15 in one game this season.", "\n\nHowever, command had become a bit of an issue for Jones as he'd also walked 38. ", "Cato said Jones' control hadn't been much of an issue in the past, and he added it could have had something to do with Jones' bothersome blister.", "\n\n\"I don't want to make some excuses for the kid,\" Cato said. \"", "I'm sure he needs some help dialing everything into the strike zone more.\"", "\n\nKantrovitz said Jones' amount of walks was discussed by the Cardinals scouts, but ultimately, there was more to Jones than the numbers he produced.", "\n\n\"We were definitely aware of his statistics at the College of the Canyons. ", "Sometimes you weight stuff a little more than you do statistics, and in this case like his, like when he's got such a big power arm, we're excited about him,\" Kantrovitz said. \"", "We feel like in pro ball he's going to have a chance to develop better command and better control of his fastball and have a chance to be a starter.\"", "\n\nCato said Jones has some work to do with his changeup -- a pitch he didn't have before he got to College of the Canyons -- as well as a slider he's been developing. ", "While Jones primarily works with two pitches now, the Cardinals don't anticipate moving Jones to the bullpen.", "\n\nJones has signed on to play at Oregon State next year, but Cato fully anticipates Jones to take a professional contract.", "\n\n\"He's been nothing but an outstanding guy for us. ", "He's a great teammate. ", "He works hard on and off the field,\" Cato said. \"", "He's a pleasure to be around, and we've had an awesome two years with him. ", "He's grown up with us. ", "I think he's ready to take that next step. ", "I think the Cardinals will be pleased with his work ethic and his personality.\"", "\n\nMike Still is an associate reporter for MLB.com. ", "This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCalculating summary statistic across subsets of dataset [What is the equivalent of Stata's \"bysort\" in R?]", "\n\nI have been programming in Stata the last few years and have recently switched to R about 4 months ago.", "\nI have data in the following format:\n popname sex year age COUNTRY\n329447 AUS f 1921 23 AUS\n329448 AUS f 1921 24 AUS\n329449 AUS f 1921 25 AUS\n329450 AUS f 1921 26 AUS\n329451 AUS f 1921 27 AUS\n329452 AUS f 1921 28 AUS\n...\n329532 AUS f 1922 23 AUS\n329533 AUS f 1922 24 AUS\n329534 AUS f 1922 25 AUS\n... ... . ", " .. .. ...\n297729 BLR f 1987 59 BLR\n297730 BLR f 1987 60 BLR\n297731 BLR f 1987 61 BLR\n... \n291941 BLR m 1973 71 BLR\n291942 BLR m 1973 72 BLR\n291993 BLR m 1974 23 BLR\n\nI would like to create a new summary variable called Max.", "Age (which calculates the maximum Age for a given subgroup defined by {popname, sex,year) in the existing dataset as follows:\n popname sex year age COUNTRY max.age\n329447 AUS f 1921 23 AUS 72 \n329448 AUS f 1921 24 AUS 72\n329449 AUS f 1921 25 AUS 72\n329450 AUS f 1921 26 AUS 72\n329451 AUS f 1921 27 AUS 72\n329452 AUS f 1921 28 AUS 72\n...\n329532 AUS f 1922 23 AUS 75\n329533 AUS f 1922 24 AUS 75\n329534 AUS f 1922 25 AUS 75\n... ... . ", " .. .. ...\n297729 BLR f 1987 59 BLR 87\n297730 BLR f 1987 60 BLR 87\n297731 BLR f 1987 61 BLR 87\n... \n291941 BLR m 1973 71 BLR 78\n291942 BLR m 1973 72 BLR 78\n291993 BLR m 1974 23 BLR 78\n\nTo do this in Stata, one would use the egen command with the by command as follows:\nby State City Day, sort:\negen cnt=seq(), from(23) to(72) block(1); \n\nI tried doing this in R, using the doBy package. ", "Here's the code I wrote: \nIDB <- orderBy(~popname+sex+year+age, data=IDB)\nv<-lapplyBy(~sex+year, data=IDB, function(d) c(NA,max(d$age)))\nIDB$Max.age <- unlist(v)\n\nThis doesn't work, as lapplyBy returns an aggregated dataset of smaller length than the original dataset (IDB).", "\nCould someone kindly point me in the right direction on how to essentially implement a \"by | egen\" type Stata code in R?", "\nThanks \n\nA:\n\nOne thing you'll find with R is that there isn't just one way to do things. ", " One way is via the ave function.", "\nIDB$max.age <- ave(IDB$age, IDB$popname, IDB$sex, IDB$year, FUN=max)\n\nA:\n\nI would recommend using ddply from the plyr package (although there are many ways to do something like this). ", "Assuming your dataframe is called dat:\nresult <- ddply(dat,.(popname,sex,year),.fun = function(x){\n x$max.age <- max(x$age,na.rm=TRUE)\n return(x)})\n\nThe anonymous function in the ddply adds a column to each piece with the max age for that piece.", "\n\nA:\n\nI found the Stata egen documentation to be completely opaque when I tried reading it a couple of years ago, so I will not be giving you a general answer. ", "The function to use for this purpose (returning a vector of same length from a function applied with groups is ave():\ndfrm$max.age <- with( dfrm, ave(age, list(popname, sex,year), FUN=max, na.rm=TRUE) )\n\nYou do get warnings but the operation succeeds. ", "Perhaps the cross-product of the grouping variables creates empty categories that are later discarded. ", "They also occur with Joshua's version, and removing the na.rm=TRUE does not change the warnings:\n1: In FUN(X[[20L]], ...) : no non-missing arguments to max; returning -Inf\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSeaborn plot does not show all column values\n\nI have the following dataframe:\nmy_df = pd.", "DataFrame(data={'Year': ['2017','2018','2019','2019','2019','2019','2020','2020'],\n 'Threshold':[96, 91, 20.59, 47.37, 78.12, 10.00, 15.00 ,91],\n 'Fee' : [\"No\",\"No\", \"20%\", \"20%\", \"5%\", \"20%\", \"20%\", \"No\"]})\n\nI am using seaborn to plot it:\npalette={\"No\": \"g\",\"20%\": \"y\", \"5%\": \"r\"}\n\nfig,ax = plt.subplots()\nfig.set_size_inches(10,8)\n\nsns.barplot(x=\"Year\", y=\"Threshold\",hue = 'Fee', palette = palette, data=my_df, ci=None)\n\nfor p in ax.patches: \n ax.annotate(\"%.2f\" % p.get_height(), (p.get_x() + p.get_width() / 2, p.get_height()),\n ha='center', va='center', fontsize=11, color='black', xytext=(0, 10), \n textcoords='offset points',fontweight='bold')\n\nHowever, the displayed graph returns the average of the Threshold variable per Year and I want to show all 8 dataframe Thresholds on the graph.", "\nSeaborn plot\nHow can I fix it? ", "\n\nA:\n\nTry this one:\nmy_df = pd.", "DataFrame(data={'Year': ['2017','2018','2019','2019','2019','2019','2020','2020'],\n 'Threshold':[96, 91, 20.59, 47.37, 78.12, 10.00, 15.00 ,91],\n 'Fee' : [\"No\",\"No\", \"20%\", \"20%\", \"5%\", \"20%\", \"20%\", \"No\"]})\n\npalette={\"No\": \"g\",\"20%\": \"y\", \"5%\": \"r\"}\n\nfig,ax = plt.subplots()\nfig.set_size_inches(10,8)\n\ng = sns.barplot(x=my_df.index, y=\"Threshold\",hue = 'Fee', palette = palette, data=my_df, ci=None)\ng.set(xticklabels=my_df['Year'])\n\nfor p in ax.patches: \n ax.annotate(\"%.2f\" % p.get_height(), (p.get_x() + p.get_width() / 2, p.get_height()),\n ha='center', va='center', fontsize=11, color='black', xytext=(0, 10), \n textcoords='offset points',fontweight='bold')\n\n" ]

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[ "List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1672\n\nThis is a list of fellows of the Royal Society elected in its 13th year, 1672.", "\n\nFellows \nJean Dominique Cassini (1625–1712)\nSir Frescheville Holles (1642–1672)\nHenry Howard (1655–1701)\nSir Isaac Newton\t(1642–1727)\nJohn Tillotson (1630–1694)\nFrancis Vernon (1637–1677)\nHoward (unknown) (1655–1689)\n\nReferences\n\n1672\nCategory:1672 in science\nCategory:1672 in England" ]

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[ "Update on aspirin in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.", "\nAntiplatelet therapy, most notably aspirin, has been well documented to reduce risks of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in secondary prevention, acute myocardial infarction (MI), acute occlusive stroke, as well as in primary prevention. ", "In secondary prevention, the most recent Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration reviewed 194 published randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy, mostly aspirin, involving more than 212 000 patients (ie, 135 000 using antiplatelet therapy or control and 77 000 using different antiplatelet regimens). ", "In a very wide range of patients who have survived a prior occlusive vascular event-including MI, transient ischemic attacks, occlusive stroke, unstable and stable angina, percutaneous coronary interventions, and coronary artery bypass graft-aspirin prevents about 25% of serious vascular events. ", "Among patients suffering acute Ml or acute occlusive stroke, aspirin begun promptly and continued long-term reduces risks of subsequent MI, stroke, and vascular death. ", "In acute coronary syndromes, clopidogrel added to aspirin further reduces the risk of important vascular events, but not mortality, and causes more side effects, especially bleeding. ", "For patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, the addition of a short-term infusion of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist to aspirin prevents additional vascular events during the early in-hospital period but also increases the risk of major bleeding. ", "Ongoing research is investigating other combinations of different antiplatelet drugs. ", "In all these high-risk patients, there is a small excess of major bleeding among those assigned at random to aspirin, which is far outweighed by the magnitude of benefits on CVD. ", "During an acute MI, after a loading dose of 160 mg to 325 mg aspirin, daily doses ranging from 75 to 150 mg daily are as effective as higher doses. ", "For long-term treatment, the effects of doses < 75 mg daily are less certain. ", "Although side effects are dose-related, especially in doses > 325 mg daily, no antiplatelet regimen is more effective than aspirin for long-term use. ", "In primary prevention, 5 randomized trials have been published involving more than 60 000 apparently healthy men and women. ", "Persons randomized to receive aspirin in these trials had significant reductions in risk of a first MI (32%) and important vascular events (15%). ", "Since the numbers of strokes and vascular deaths were insufficient to distinguish between the benefits found in secondary prevention and no effect, use of aspirin in primary prevention should be weighed in light of the cardiovascular risk profile, the side effects of the drug, and its clear benefit in reducing risk of a first MI. ", "Aspirin should be an adjunct, not an alternative, to managing other cardiovascular risk factors. ", "Recently, the US Preventive Services Task Force and the American Heart Association recommended aspirin use for all men and women whose 10-year risks are > 6% and > or = 10%, respectively. ", "In all these patient categories, including secondary prevention, acute MI and acute occlusive stroke, as well as primary prevention, increased and appropriate use of aspirin will prevent large numbers of premature deaths and MIs." ]

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[ "The home of the mentally troubled young man who went on the rampage at Sandy Hook elementary school and killed 26 children and adults, has been destroyed by local officials who wanted to remove the constant reminder of the tragedy.", "\n\nAll the fittings in the Newtown home occupied by Adam Lanza and his mother have already been destroyed to prevent them from becoming ghoulish memorabilia.", "\n\nOfficials in the Connecticut town voted earlier this year to tear down the home of Mr Lanza, who killed 20 children and six adults before taking his own life in December 2012. ", "Earlier in the day he had shot his mother before driving to the school before setting out on his killing spree. ", "He then took his own life.", "\n\nAdam Lanza had developed an interest in mass murders before carrying out the killings (AP)\n\nMany people in the small town said the 3,100-square-foot house, which stood on a two-acre plot, was a constant, looming reminder of the events of that day and their enduring, devastating impact on the community. ", "Now, the plot in a leafy suburban area, will be left as an open space, the Associated Press said.", "\n\nAmong those who had asked for the building to be destroyed was Dave Ackart. ", "He said in a letter: “Not only is the property a constant reminder of the evil that resided there — those of us who walk, run, drive, ride or otherwise must pass it multiple times a day, are having a hard time moving on.”", "\n\nPeople gather at a memorial for victims following the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown in December 2012 (Getty)\n\nThe yellow house with green shutters on Yogananda Street was torn down on Monday, the AP said. ", "Councillor Pat Llodra said on Tuesday the demolition of the foundation and driveway would be completed within another day and plans call for the land to be levelled this spring and new plantings started.", "\n\nThe Lanza family moved from southern New Hampshire and bought the new house in 1998." ]

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[ "Contact us\n\nThis is the food page of Hong Luck Kung Fu Club on 548 Dundas St W Toronto ON M5T1H3.", "\nHong Luck Kung Fu Club is a new listing on food pages, updated on May 30, 2015.", "\nThis page has had 531 visitors. ", "You are the 531st." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to Read and Edit IPTC \"Writer/Editor\" tag using WPF\n\nI am creating a WPF application that can read and write IPTC and XMP image metadata. ", "I am having problem reading and writing the IPTC Writer/Editor property. ", "The XMP counterpart of it works fine. ", "I have tried the following options but no luck.", "\nmetaData.", "SetQuery(\"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/Writer/Editor\", value) \nmetaData.", "SetQuery(\"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/Writer-Editor\", value) \nmetaData.", "SetQuery(\"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/Writer Editor\", value) \nmetaData.", "SetQuery(\"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/Caption/Description Writer\", value) \nWould greatly appreciate any pointers/help to access the Writer/Editor tag.", "\nmuruge.", "\n\nA:\n\nI found the answer from the following link.", "\nIt had to metaData.", "SetQuery(\"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/Writer\\/Editor\", value) \nAnyways Thanks to all..\n\n" ]

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[ "Monitoring ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer processes in an unsymmetric β-diketone.", "\nWe report the experimental determination of the intramolecular enol-enol tautomerization rate of an unsymmetric β-diketone, benzoylacetone, with femtosecond transient absorption in the ultraviolet. ", "Initially, there is an equilibrium of two possible enolic structures in solution, which is disturbed upon UV excitation by exciting a disproportionate fraction of one enolic form. ", "Comparison to symmetric β-diketones, acetylacetone and dibenzoylmethane, suggests that ground-state proton transfer gives rise to additional dynamics in benzoylacetone due to the dissimilarity of the two enolic forms. ", "In the excited state of the molecules, the intramolecular H-bond is initially broken, followed by photochemical processes towards rotamer structures. ", "Our studies therefore disclose intramolecular proton transfer among electronic ground as well as excited states of benzoylacetone. ", "Considering the importance of β-diketones as a common model of enol-enol tautomerization and their resemblance to enzymatic enolates, the present study provides valuable information on the ultrafast mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer processes." ]

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[ "DirtyFlix Review\n\nDirtyFlix\n\nFor those who love the conventional sex positions to the most coercive penetrations, you can find everything that you want on this site. ", "Upon membership, you would instantly be granted access to all these sites.", "\n\nDirty Flix Review\n\nSite Overview\n\nBasically, DirtyFlix contains the best porn niches so you are not just limited to watching only just one type of sex genre. ", "Here, you would be able to be more acquainted with lewd mom and wanton housewives who have agreed to engage in rude and hardcore sex with other guys who are usually aggressive.", "\n\nDesign & Features\n\nAs mentioned, DirtyFlix provides a good selection of various sex scenes coming from different pornstars. ", "Most of these performers are coming from the US and Europe, so you would pretty much enjoy the beauty and sexual expertise of the US and EU descent. ", "The videos featured are in their 4K and 1080 HD format for full and optimum viewing pleasure. ", "When it comes to their presentation mode, all of the sites linked to DirtyFlix have the best presentation quality. ", "The photos and videos in these sites are separated accordingly. ", "However, when you check and browse through the photo gallery, it can be confusing as the photos there are not correctly associated with its video – so the whole photo gallery is a beautiful mess of horny gals and guys doing some crazy fucking and the like.", "\n\nIf you browse through the videos, you can also notice that the given options provided for these videos are very commendable. ", "Based on the description of these videos alone, you can already tell how good and highly watchable they are. ", "DirtyFlix has a total of 538 videos with a total of 514 photos. ", "The said videos may be watched in MP4, 3GP, WMV and Flash format so one may not be limited to just watching them in a single video format only. ", "Given the fact that there is a huge selection of great photos and videos, you can also notice that there is variety regarding the sex niche that they offer. ", "As long as it is any sex performance by a man and a woman, you can find some good and creative ways of performing sex through the number of videos that are presented here.", "\n\nGirls & Videos\n\nThe girls here are a good mix of all the different kinds of pornstars that you can ever imagine. ", "These girls are all game for some hardcore sex action. ", "They are even willing to undergo even the most inhuman and the most devastating of shame just to please their partner. ", "There are also some voyeur shots that are meant for those who would rather “watch”. ", "One of the most famous sex scenes that are commonly being watched is the simulated modeling auditions in which the girl model is later being fucked real bad just for them to have that modeling career.", "\n\nAll the pornstars here are sexy in such a way that they know how to move their body right especially for those scenes that involve masturbating or pleasuring their vagina. ", "There are also models here that look inexperienced looking but can be very nasty when it comes to sex. ", "Amanda is your typical girl next door and is just busy talking to a guy neighbor and all of a sudden, the guy sees her fat pussy when she dropped her keys and picked it up. ", "The guy soon found himself in a sexual rage as he is hellbent on devouring her.", "\n\nConclusion\n\nOnce you are a member of DirtyFlix, you would be able to enjoy a full load of various adult videos, images and other horny content. ", "Non-members may only have to suffer the agonizing tease of being only able to watch only video screenshots. ", "The site DirtyFlix is indeed best for cuckolds and even all the types of porn fans who want some real action without ever having to deal with bad video quality and poor image resolution.", "\n\nThe stories in these videos are very well scripted and interesting storyline that you end up in no choice but to get hooked up on it as you discover and unravel what happens next. ", "Surely, we all know that it would end up in fucking. ", "But you would definitely enjoy watching how they do it and how much they enjoy doing it or bear every minute being rammed hard from behind." ]

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[ "Charles Newuche\n\nCharles Nnaemeka Newuche (born 14 March 1985 in imo state) is Nigerian footballer who currently plays for Marsa.", "\n\nCareer\nNewuche was nominated for the best player of his team by the fans in 2008/2009 season. ", "During that season, he scored 16 times for FC Zakarpattia Uzhhorod in the Persha Liha in Ukraine.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCharles Newuche at MFA\nCharles Newuche at Footballdatabase\n\nCategory:1985 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Footballers from Enugu\nCategory:Nigerian footballers\nCategory:Association football forwards\nCategory:Bright Stars FC players\nCategory:First Bank F.C. players\nCategory:Lobi Stars F.C. players\nCategory:FC Hoverla Uzhhorod players\nCategory:FC Kolkheti-1913 Poti players\nCategory:Nigerian expatriate footballers\nCategory:Expatriate footballers in Ukraine\nCategory:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine\nCategory:Expatriate footballers in Israel\nCategory:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Israel\nCategory:Ukrainian Premier League players" ]

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[ "Chavez allies sweep Venezuela vote, but Capriles holds seat\n\nCARACAS (Reuters) - Allies of cancer-stricken President Hugo Chavez swept to victory by taking nearly all of Venezuela’s 23 states in elections on Sunday, but Henrique Capriles consolidated his position as top opposition leader by winning re-election as governor.", "\n\nMiranda state Governor Henrique Capriles speaks during a news conference after being re-elected during Venezuela's regional elections in Caracas December 16, 2012. ", "REUTERS/Carlos Garcia Rawlins\n\nCapriles, the 40-year-old governor of Miranda, beat Chavez’s former vice president Elias Jaua to retain control of the country’s second-most populous state, leaving him as candidate-in-waiting if Chavez’s ill health forces him aside.", "\n\nThe ruling Socialist Party, however, extended its control over the South American OPEC nation, snatching four states from the opposition to win 20 of the 23 states.", "\n\nPossibly benefiting from a wave of sympathy over Chavez’s battle to recover from cancer surgery, it staged several upsets, including a victory in the most populous state of Zulia.", "\n\nThe youthful Capriles’ re-election will help maintain unity among the historically fractured opposition in a potential election against Vice President Nicolas Maduro, Chavez’s anointed successor.", "\n\nThough his supporters whooped for joy, the subdued tone of Capriles’ victory speech and long faces of some in his campaign team reflected the reality of the drubbing the opposition took.", "\n\n“I‘m happy for Miranda, but not for our Venezuela,” Capriles said, accusing Socialist Party candidates of bolstering their showing by offering handouts to voters and exploiting Chavez’s illness. “", "The day must come when we defeat this abuse of power.”", "\n\nCapriles won by just four percentage points, lower than his camp and most analysts had predicted.", "\n\nAnother prominent opposition leader, Henri Falcon, a former government ally who broke with Chavez in 2010, also won re-election. ", "His broad popularity and appeal to working class voters have left many considering him a potential challenger to the socialist government.", "\n\n“Nobody here is surrendering,” said Ramon Guillermo Aveledo, head of the opposition Democratic Unity coalition.", "\n\nIn southern Bolivar state, the opposition candidate refused to accept the official results that showed him losing on Sunday. ", "He alleged irregularities in the vote count and called on supporters to protest in the street.", "\n\nThe results signaled the continued dominance of Chavez’s socialist leadership despite his ill health and in spite of widespread complaints about shoddy roads, unsafe streets and poor electrical services.", "\n\nThe vote date may have hurt the opposition, with plenty of middle-class opposition supporters already starting holidays.", "\n\nChavez’s brother Adan comfortably held their agricultural home state of Barinas, while the president’s former military comrade Francisco Arias unseated a prominent opposition leader, Pablo Perez, in oil-rich Zulia state.", "\n\n“It’s been an immense victory. ", "The map is red in all corners,” said Socialist Party campaign coordinator Jorge Rodriguez.", "\n\nSlideshow (2 Images)\n\nTurnout was a poor 54 percent, reflecting weariness with politics after the recent presidential campaign and the closeness of Christmas. ", "Opposition sympathizers have grumbled that the date was intentionally chosen to heighten voter abstention to the benefit of Chavez allies.", "\n\nCHAVEZ‘S ILLNESS\n\nThe nation remains focused on Chavez’s recovery in Cuba from Tuesday’s six-hour operation - his fourth since he was diagnosed with cancer in the pelvic region in mid-2011.", "\n\nChavez’s struggle with a third bout of cancer has raised the possibility of a return to the polls just months after the October presidential election in which he beat Capriles to win a third term.", "\n\nOfficials say Chavez has regained full consciousness, is giving instructions from his bed, and was following Sunday’s vote closely.", "\n\n“The commander-president continues to stabilize. ", "The trend remains positive,” his son-in-law Jorge Arreaza, who serves as science and technology minister, said from Havana.", "\n\nThe official updates of his health are shy on details, however, so speculation is rife that Chavez may be in a life-threatening situation in Havana’s Cimeq hospital with both a difficult post-operative recovery and a possible spreading of the cancer.", "\n\nChavez, 58, is due to start a new term on January 10, but has named Maduro as his preferred successor should he be incapacitated. ", "That would trigger a new presidential poll within 30 days." ]

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[ "All Entries Tagged With: \"risk-based assessment\"\n\nBuildings on Fire Risk Assessment Matrix Building Occupancy Risk Profiling Reading the Building The importance of understanding a building’s anatomy, its occupancy risk and compartment profile are integral to efficient and effective firefighting operations within buildings on fire and are essential for all phases of fire suppression and operational engagements. ", "Fundamental to these operations is […]\n\nFireman’s Memorial Worcester Cold Storage Tragedy On December 3, 1999, a five-alarm fire at the Worcester Cold Storage & Warehouse Co. building claimed the lives of six brave firefighters who responded to the call. ", "These six heros, The Worcester 6, sacrificed their lives to try and rescue two individuals who were believed to be trapped […]\n\nToday December 3, 2011 marks the 12th anniversary of the Worcester Cold Storage Warehouse fire that resulted in the line of duty death of six courages brother firefighters. ", "For those of you who remember this event, take the time to reflect and honor the sacrifice made this day; to those of you who have not […]\n\nPublished reports are being stating that the least senior of three construction officials in the Deutsche Bank manslaughter trial was acquitted of all charges today — after telling jurors that he had no idea the giant pipe he helped remove from the basement had anything to do with providing water to firefighters. ", "A construction foreman […]\n\nSeattle Ladder 8 Capt. ", "Dana Caldart, Firefighter Josh Materi and others recount rescue of seven from roof of a well-involved dwelling. ", "Victim Survivability Profiling Takes A Hit originally posted by Bill Carey January 6, 2011 on Backstepfirefighter.com Several Seattle firefighters returned to the scene of an earlier house fire with multiple rescues. ", "In an informal critique, if you […]\n\nThe Colerain Township (OH) Fire and EMS Department under the leadership of Director and Chief G. Bruce Smith recently released its final report Investigation Analysis of the Squirrels nest Lane Firefighter Line of Duty Deaths related to the April 4, 2008 Double Line of Duty Death of a Captain and Firefighter. ", "This investigative analysis and report, although specific […]\n\nFriday December 3, 2010 marks the 11th anniversary of the Worcester Cold Storage Warehouse fire that resulted in the line of duty death of six courages brother firefighters. ", "For those of you who remember this event, take the time to reflect and honor the sacrifice made this day; to those of you who have not […]\n\nTaking it to the Streets on BlogTalk Radio\n\nThe Newest radio show on FireFighter Netcast.com at Blogtalk Radio…\nTaking it to the Streets with Christopher Naum.", "\nOn the Air Monthly on Firefighter Netcast.com.", "\nA Buildingsonfire.com Series and Firefighter Netcast.com Production.", "\nAdvancing Firefighter Safety and Operational Integrity for the Fire Service through provocative insights and dynamic discussions dedicated to the Art and Science of Firefighting and the Traditions of the Fire Service." ]

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[ "A man who sexually assaulted a woman on a plane while she slept in the seat next to him has been jailed in the US.", "\n\nPrabhu Ramamoorthy, 34, was also sitting next to his wife on the overnight flight in January.", "\n\nThe Indian man, who moved to the US in 2015, has now been sentenced to nine years in prison.", "\n\nDuring his trial, the 23-year-old woman said she woke up during the journey and “saw his hands inside” her.", "\n\nRamamoorthy had molested the victim while unbuttoning her blouse and unzipping her trousers as she slept.", "\n\nPrabhu Ramamoorthy was jailed for nine years: Wayne County Sheriff’s Office\n\nThe victim said that she felt “petrified, frozen” during the assault.", "\n\nShe watched the sentencing hearing from the first row of the court, accompanied by her boyfriend.", "\n\nUS attorney Matthew Schneider said: “Everyone has the right to be secure and safe when they travel on aeroplanes. ", "We appreciate the victim in this case for her courage to speak out.”", "\n\nProsecutors asked the court for a sentence of nearly 11 years but James Amberg, Ramamoorthy’s defence lawyer, had asked the court for a sentence of less than 10 years.", "\n\nUS District Judge Terrence Berg said he hoped the jail term would be “grave enough” to deter others from committing similar assaults.", "\n\nRamamoorthy arrived in the US on a work visa in 2015 and lives in Detroit with his wife.", "\n\nThe couple were flying from Las Vegas to Detroit with Spirit Airlines after a trip to the Grand Canyon.", "\n\nRamamoorthy declined to make a statement before receiving his sentence.", "\n\nThe judge noted his lack of remorse but said that the 35-year-old had the right to stay silent.", "\n\nA jury convicted Ramamoorthy in August.", "\n\nHe will be deported to India after serving his prison term.", "\n\nMr Amberg told the judge that the conviction would bring “severe and lifelong consequences” to Ramamoorthy and his wife when they returned to India.", "\n\n“His life is effectively over,” the lawyer said.", "\n\nAdditional reporting by agencies" ]

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[ "Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).", "\nA juvenile rhesus macaque presented with atrophy of the musculature of its left leg. ", "Physical examination localized the problem to the coxofemoral joint. ", "Radiography revealed changes consistent with Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) disease. ", "Femoral head ostectomy was performed, and the femoral head was submitted for histologic examination, results of which confirmed a diagnosis of LCP." ]

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[ "Quality\n\nBanana Cream Pie by Glas Vapor is a delicious dessert based eliquid, that’s been skillfully crafted with pie lovers in mind. ", "This premium ejuice is mixed and also bottled in a certified USA lab. ", "Glas Vapor triple check their manufacturing processes and ingredient sources, to ensure only the best quality product is sent out and also enjoyed by vapers worldwide.", "\n\nBanana Cream Pie has an amazing flavor profile that I would highly recommend you try. ", "It’s easily accessible and relatively budget-friendly. ", "I found this vape juice to be great on coils, wicks and also pods alike. ", "You can expect deliciously smooth hits straight away, as Banana Cream requires no steeping time. ", "Though allowing a few days can enhance the banana concentrate.", "\n\nFlavor\n\nBanana Cream Pie by Glas Vapor tastes just like a custard filled banana cream pie. ", "An insanely authentic flavor profile, with all key concentrates identifiable with ease. ", "On the inhale I tasted a sweet ripe banana flavor. ", "On the exhale the creamy and also very buttery custard pie flavor is introduced.", "\n\nBanana Cream Pie is available in 0mg, 3mg, and 6mg of nicotine for all your vaping needs. ", "The ratio is 70VG/30PG, so this means its great for bountiful clouds and also longlasting flavor. ", "As a result, I feel this is an ideal blend for new vapers or those who love dessert flavors.", "\n\nPrice\n\nBanana Cream Pie by Glas Vapor is sold at an insanely low price. ", "So for $16.95 USD, you get a 60ml bottle of this above average eliquid. ", "Do not hesitate, order yours now. ", "Other great flavors from the Basix line include Sugar Cookies , Blueberry Cake , and also Caribbean Punch .", "\n\nPackaging\n\nThe packaging is simple and straightforward. ", "This seems to be consistent across the Glas Vapor brand. ", "A mellow yellow colored box and chubby gorilla bottle proudly presents Sean Glas’s signature and also his seal of approval. ", "Listed on the front are your mandatory warning labels and usual ingredients. ", "The small visual representation of primary flavors can be found on the sides.", "\n\nComment down below what you thought of the Banana Cream Pie by Glas Vapor Eliquid.", "\n\nIf your interested in purchasing this product, click one of the buttons below to support We Vape Mods.", "\n\nBuy Now" ]

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[ "Outcome of Crohn's disease diagnosed before two years of age.", "\nWe describe the course of 7 patients younger than 2 years with Crohn's disease. ", "Prolonged remission was achieved medically (5) or surgically (1), whereas one patient died of disseminated adenovirus. ", "Three had malnutrition and growth failure. ", "Crohn's disease very early in life does not always imply a poor prognosis; however, significant morbidity and mortality are encountered." ]

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[ "Fox News host Tucker Carlson Tucker CarlsonPebble Mine CEO resigns over secretly recorded comments about government officials Fox News host says Kyle Rittenhouse was 'innocent,' 'demonized' Pebble Mine executives eye future expansion in recorded conversations MORE on Tuesday accused national security adviser John Bolton John BoltonMaximum pressure is keeping US troops in Iraq and Syria Woodward book trails Bolton, Mary Trump in first-week sales Ex-NSC official alleges 'unprecedented' intervention by White House aides in Bolton book review MORE of attempting to embroil the U.S. in a war with Iran.", "\n\nOn his show Tuesday evening, Carlson argued that the top Trump aide was intentionally escalating tensions with Iran in order to provoke war.", "\n\nADVERTISEMENT\n\n“More than anything in the world, national security adviser John Bolton would love to have a war with Iran. ", "It will be like Christmas, Thanksgiving, his birthday [all] wrapped into one,” Carlson asserted.", "\n\n“Mercifully, John Bolton does not control the military, President Trump Donald John TrumpBiden on Trump's refusal to commit to peaceful transfer of power: 'What country are we in?' ", "Romney: 'Unthinkable and unacceptable' to not commit to peaceful transition of power Two Louisville police officers shot amid Breonna Taylor grand jury protests MORE does,\" Carlson added. \"", "The question is, just how influential is Bolton in the White House.\"", "\n\nCarlson then played a clip of Trump denying plans to send more than 100,000 troops to the Middle East to reinforce U.S. interests against Iran.", "\n\n\"So obviously, this is very fluid. ", "But the broader question remains unanswered: How is a war with Iran in America’s interest in any way?\" ", "Carlson asked.", "\n\nLater, Carlson's guest, retired Army Col. ", "Douglas Macgregor, added to Carlson's argument, saying there was \"no evidence\" that Iranian forces desired conflict with the U.S.\n\n\"There's no evidence Iran wants to attack us. ", "Quite the contrary, I think they'd very much like to avoid any conflict with us under any and all circumstances,\" he said.", "\n\nMacgregor went on to predict that Trump would lose to a Democratic presidential rival in 2020 if he followed Bolton's lead on Iran.", "\n\n“I do not see the president gaining from this but I see that he loses. ", "I don’t see how he gets reelected. ", "I don’t see how he achieves anything in the gulf that is positive for the United States and the American people,\" he said.", "\n\nA spokesman for the National Security Council has before pushed back on accusations that the administration is pursuing military conflict with Tehran.", "\n\n“The president has been clear, the United States does not seek military conflict with Iran, and he is open to talks with Iranian leadership,” National Security Council spokesman Garrett Marquis told The New York Times on Monday. “", "However, Iran’s default option for 40 years has been violence, and we are ready to defend U.S. personnel and interests in the region.”", "\n\nBolton announced earlier this month that the U.S. would deploy a carrier strike group to the region, citing rising tensions with Iran as a reason.", "\n\n\"The United States is not seeking war with the Iranian regime, but we are fully prepared to respond to any attack, whether by proxy, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, or regular Iranian forces,\" he said." ]

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[ "Fourth Avenue Historic District\n\nFourth Avenue Historic District may refer to:\n\nFourth Avenue Historic District (Birmingham, Alabama), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Birmingham, Alabama\nFourth Avenue Historic District (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), NRHP-listed" ]

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[ "1. ", "Introduction {#sec1}\n===============\n\nFor the past few years, small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) has become an increasingly popular corneal refractive surgery worldwide, with being approved by FDA of the United States recently. ", "Although promising clinical results, in terms of safety, stability, predictability, and efficacy \\[[@B1]--[@B3]\\], were reported, an increase in the corneal spherical aberration was still found in patients undergoing SMILE procedure \\[[@B4], [@B5]\\]. ", "As a result, the visual performance of the eye probably could be affected, because strong correlation between starburst and glare with spherical aberration was showed in previous study \\[[@B6]\\]. ", "The increase in the corneal spherical aberration after SMILE was reported to be less than that after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) \\[[@B4], [@B5], [@B7]\\]. ", "However, the reason remained limited so far.", "\n\nCorneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity are proportionally related \\[[@B8], [@B9]\\]. ", "The study was conducted to compare the change patterns of corneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity between SMILE and FS-LASIK and investigate how much changes of corneal asphericity could account for the variation of corneal spherical aberration after SMILE and FS-LASIK procedures.", "\n\n2. ", "Methods {#sec2}\n==========\n\n2.1. ", "Subjects {#sec2.1}\n-------------\n\nThe study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. ", "Informed consent was obtained from each patient before refractive surgery and data collection. ", "A total of 134 patients who underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK surgery at Tianjin Eye Hospital, China, participated in this study. ", "The patients were asked about their myopia history and underwent an ophthalmologic examination including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest and cycloplegic refractions, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal topography, slit-lamp microscopy, and dilated indirect fundoscopy. ", "Inclusion criteria were 18 years of age or older, stable refraction over the past year (≤0.50 diopter (D) progression), CDVA of 20/25 or better (0.1 logMAR or better), and IOP less than 21 mmHg. ", "Exclusion criteria were estimated residual stromal thickness (RST) less than 250 *μ*m, keratoconus or suspected keratoconus, active ocular and systemic disease, and prior clinical history of ocular trauma or surgery. ", "Soft contact lens wearers were advised to stop wearing their lenses at least two weeks before surgery.", "\n\n2.2. ", "Surgical Techniques {#sec2.2}\n------------------------\n\nAll surgeries were performed under topical anesthesia by the same surgeon to completely correct the preoperative manifest refractions.", "\n\nSMILE is a fully flapless procedure during which only one type of laser is used. ", "As described in detail by Sekundo et al. ", "\\[[@B10]\\] and Shah et al. ", "\\[[@B11]\\], the VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), with a repetition rate of 500 kHz, is used to create an intrastromal refractive lenticule and a small incision. ", "The surgeon then separates the lenticule from the surrounding tissue and extracts it through the small incision. ", "In this study, the diameter of the optical zone was 6.0 mm. ", "A transition zone of 0.1 mm was induced in cases of astigmatism. ", "The thickness and diameter of the cap were 110 *μ*m and 7.0 or 7.2 mm, respectively. ", "A 3.0--5.0 mm incision was made through the superior cap margin. ", "The femtosecond laser energy used during all SMILE procedures was 120--180 nJ.\n\nIn FS-LASIK, after a flap was created with the VisuMax femtosecond laser system (pulse energy of 120--130 nJ), the refractive ablation was performed with the Allegretto excimer laser system (WaveLight Laser Technologie AG, Erlangen, Germany). ", "A 6.0 mm optical zone, surrounded by a transition zone of 1.0 mm, was applied to all eyes. ", "The flap had a thickness of 100--110 *μ*m, a diameter of 8.0 mm, and a nasal hinge.", "\n\nAfter surgery, topical ofloxacin 0.3% (Tarivid) was applied 4 time/day for three days. ", "Fluorometholone 0.1% (Flumetholon, Santen) was administered 4 times daily with a taper over two weeks.", "\n\n2.3. ", "Measurements of Corneal Spherical Aberration and Corneal Asphericity {#sec2.3}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nPentacam HR topography with a 25-picture scan mode was used to determine corneal spherical aberration and corneal asphericity. ", "Measurements were performed for patients\\' natural pupils under scotopic conditions. ", "To minimize the potential effect of tear film on corneal imaging, patients were required to keep fixating on a target immediately after a blink. ", "The Pentacam HR\\'s camera then started rotating and scanning the cornea. ", "Only measurements marked as \"OK\" in quality specification were considered to be valid.", "\n\nData for the study provided by the Pentacam HR topography were for a corneal diameter of 6.0 mm. ", "Corneal spherical aberration was assessed for both the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces, as well as the total cornea. ", "Corneal asphericity was analyzed for both the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces. ", "The measurements were taken before and 1 and 6 months after SMILE and FS-LASIK.", "\n\n2.4. ", "Statistical Analysis {#sec2.4}\n-------------------------\n\nData analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). ", "All data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). ", "Although most patients had bilateral surgical correction, only data from the right eyes were analyzed. ", "The normality was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test. ", "One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni testing was used to determine the changes over time in SMILE or FS-LASIK. ", "Differences between SMILE and FS-LASIK were assessed with independent *t*-tests. ", "In addition, we performed Pearson correlation and simple regression analysis to look for the relationships between corneal spherical aberration and asphericity. *", "P* values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.", "\n\n3. ", "Results {#sec3}\n==========\n\nOne hundred and thirty-four patients participated in this study, with 70 subjects that had SMILE and the other 64 subjects that had FS-LASIK. ", "Detailed baseline characteristics by group are given in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "There were no significant differences in any of the variables between the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups (*P* \\> 0.05).", "\n\n3.1. ", "Visual Acuity and Refraction {#sec3.1}\n---------------------------------\n\nAt 6 months postoperatively, the UDVA and CDVA were −0.12 ± 0.11 and **−**0.05 ± 0.05 in the SMILE group and −0.10 ± 0.06 and −0.03 ± 0.06 in the FS-LASIK group, respectively. ", "The postoperative SE was **−**0.16 ± 0.19 D and −0.08 ± 0.25 D after SMILE and FS-LASIK, respectively. ", "There was no difference between the two groups in the postoperative UDVA (*P* = 0.21), CDVA (*P* = 0.12), or SE (*P* = 0.08).", "\n\n3.2. ", "Corneal Spherical Aberration {#sec3.2}\n---------------------------------\n\nFor spherical aberrations of the anterior surface and the total cornea, a similar variation trend was found after SMILE and FS-LASIK, with an increase at 1 month, after which a decrease by 6 months (all *P* \\< 0.001). ", "However, the magnitude of increases in the spherical aberration of the anterior surface and the total cornea was smaller after SMILE than after FS-LASIK at both 1 and 6 months (*P* \\< 0.001). ", "With regard to spherical aberration of the posterior corneal surface, a little bit of increase was shown in both groups (*P* \\< 0.001). ", "There was no significant difference between SMILE and FS-LASIK in the amount of changes in spherical aberration of the posterior corneal surface postoperatively (*P* \\> 0.05) ([Table 2](#tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}, [Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n3.3. ", "Corneal Asphericity {#sec3.3}\n------------------------\n\nThe *Q* value before surgery was negative for both the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces. ", "After SMILE and FS-LASIK, the *Q* value of the anterior corneal surface significantly shifted to positive value (SMILE: 0.84 ± 0.34 at 1 month, 0.81 ± 0.32 at 6 months; FS-LASIK: 1.21 ± 0.53 at 1 month, 1.01 ± 0.46 at 6 months) (all *P* \\< 0.001). ", "The *Q* value of the posterior corneal surface significantly increased from preoperative −0.12 ± 0.11 to −0.07 ± 0.12 at 1 month and −0.06 ± 0.11 at 6 months after SMILE (all *P* \\< 0.001) and from preoperative −0.11 ± 0.13 to −0.07 ± 0.12 at 1 month and −0.06 ± 0.12 at 6 months after FS-LASIK (*P* = 0.03 and 0.001, resp.). ", "Comparison between groups indicated SMILE had less increase in the *Q* value of anterior corneal surface than FS-LASIK (*P* \\< 0.001 at 1 month and *P* = 0.001 at 6 months, resp.). ", "No significant difference in the change of *Q* value of posterior corneal surface was found between SMILE and FS-LASIK (*P* = 0.21 at 1 month and *P* = 0.26 at 6 months, resp.) ([", "Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\n3.4. ", "Correlation and Regression Analysis {#sec3.4}\n----------------------------------------\n\nData of correlation analysis by group at 1 and 6 months postoperatively are shown in [Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "After both the SMILE and FS-LASIK procedures, the changes in spherical aberrations of the anterior surface and the total cornea were positively correlated with the increase in *Q* value at the anterior corneal surface (all *P* \\< 0.001), and the changes in spherical aberrations of the posterior surface were negatively correlated with the increase in *Q* value at the posterior corneal surface (all *P* \\< 0.001). ", "Simple linear regression models were conducted, with equations being shown in [Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"}.", "\n\n4. ", "Discussion {#sec4}\n=============\n\nThe present study investigated the visual acuity, refraction, and corneal spherical aberration following SMILE and FS-LASIK procedures. ", "Our results showed that eyes achieved promising and similar visual and refractive outcomes in terms of UDVA, CDVA, and SE with treatment of SMILE and FS-LASIK. ", "This indicated that both of these two procedures were effective in managing myopia and myopic astigmatism, which was consistent with previous reports \\[[@B12]\\]. ", "Nonetheless, we found that the amount of changes in spherical aberration was smaller after SMILE than after FS-LASIK for the anterior surface and the total cornea, but not for the posterior corneal surface. ", "Ocular spherical aberration changes have been compared between SMILE and FS-LASIK in previous studies. ", "Lin et al. ", "reported that SMILE induced fewer spherical aberrations when compared with FS-LASIK at 1 and 3 months of follow-up \\[[@B13]\\]. ", "Liu et al. ", "reported that 6 months postoperatively, SMILE had significantly lower induction of spherical aberrations (0.12 ± 0.22 *μ*m) than FS-LASIK (0.28 ± 0.26 *μ*m) for a 6.0 mm zone \\[[@B14]\\]. ", "With regard to corneal spherical aberrations, Gyldenkerne et al. ", "investigated the corneal spherical aberration changes over a 5.0 mm zone and found FS-LASIK induced 0.13 *μ*m and 0.14 *μ*m higher spherical aberrations of the anterior corneal surface and the total cornea as compared to SMILE \\[[@B4]\\]. ", "Wu and Wang demonstrated that the changes of the anterior surface and the total cornea were significantly lower after SMILE surgery than after FS-LASIK surgery 3 months postoperatively \\[[@B5]\\]. ", "More recently, Ye et al. ", "compared the changes of anterior corneal higher order aberrations between SMILE and FS-LASIK 6 months after surgery and reported that SMILE induced significantly fewer total higher order aberrations and spherical aberration compared with FS-LASIK \\[[@B7]\\]. ", "Our data were in accordance with these studies and indicated that SMILE might provide better visual quality than FS-LASIK.", "\n\nIn addition, we evaluated corneal shape changes described as corneal asphericity after myopic correction by SMILE and FS-LASIK. ", "We found that the anterior corneal surface shifted from a prolate shape to an oblate shape following both SMILE and FS-LASIK and SMILE tended to induce less *Q* value increases than FS-LASIK along the anterior corneal surface at 1 and 6 months. ", "This was consistent with study by Su et al., ", "although only changes at 1 week postoperatively were compared in their study \\[[@B15]\\]. ", "Gyldenkerne et al. ", "demonstrated recently that the anterior corneal curvature after SMILE is steeper in the central 2 mm, but flatter in the periphery, than that after FS-LASIK, suggesting that SMILE better preserved the corneal asphericity \\[[@B4]\\]. ", "In this study, we provided direct evidence for their speculation.", "\n\nWe considered possible explanations for differences in anterior corneal asphericity changes between SMILE and FS-LASIK. ", "First, it is likely that the profile of the lenticule created in SMILE differs from the tissue ablation made in FS-LASIK. ", "There might be potential different algorithms used during SMILE procedure. ", "Second, for an excimer laser, the ablation efficiency reduction in the periphery of cornea would increase corneal asphericity even when the exact Munnerlyn ablation profile was used \\[[@B16]\\]. ", "With respect to SMILE, the lenticule was created with femtosecond laser scanning at two depths of the stroma, which may avoid the ablation efficiency reduction in the periphery and therefore induce less increase in corneal asphericity. ", "Third, it has been suggested that corneal epithelial remodeling plays a role in shape modulation after refractive surgery and that an increase in central epithelial thickness results in a shift toward increased oblateness \\[[@B17], [@B18]\\]. ", "Recently, a comparative study reported that epithelial thickness increased less in the central zone and more in the midperiphery after SMILE than after FS-LASIK \\[[@B19]\\]. ", "This may partly explain the observation of less asphericity increase of the anterior corneal surface after SMILE in this study.", "\n\nFor the posterior corneal surface, although a mild increase in *Q* value was observed for both the SMILE and FS-LASIK groups, the postoperative *Q* value was still negative, indicating that the posterior corneal surface preserved its prolate shape after SMILE and FS-LASIK. ", "We speculated that the biomechanical changes to the cornea might be the plausible reason for the asphericity changes at the posterior corneal surface. ", "As proposed by Roberts and Dupps \\[[@B20], [@B21]\\], central ablation can reduce the tension in residual peripheral lamellar segments. ", "As a result, an outward peripheral force pulls laterally on the center, resulting in central corneal flattening after myopic ablation. ", "Our study showed that SMILE induced similar posterior corneal shape changes as FS-LASIK surgery.", "\n\nAnother finding of our study was that the changes in spherical aberrations were dramatically correlated with the increase in *Q* value for both SMILE and FS-LASIK procedures. ", "Especially for the anterior corneal surface, increase in *Q* value could lead to 50.3% and 64.6% of the variation in corneal spherical aberration following SMILE and FS-LASIK, respectively, even at a 6-month follow-up. ", "This may provide potential insights into how to best optimize visual quality in SMILE by modifying the corneal asphericity. ", "However, values of *R*^2^ revealed in regression models were not high enough to completely predict the changes, suggesting that there were other possible factors affecting the corneal spherical aberration. ", "For example, corneal biomechanical properties \\[[@B5]\\] and treatment decentration \\[[@B22]\\] had been reported to be associated with the induced spherical aberration.", "\n\nIn summary, both SMILE and FS-LASIK exhibited excellent visual results and refractive outcomes. ", "SMILE induced less increases in spherical aberration of the anterior corneal surface and the total cornea and better preserved the corneal asphericity of the anterior corneal surface than FS-LASIK. ", "The changes of corneal asphericity could partly account for the variation of corneal spherical aberration after these two procedures.", "\n\nThis study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. ", "81470658 and Grant no. ", "81670884).", "\n\nDisclosure\n==========\n\nThe funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.", "\n\nConflicts of Interest\n=====================\n\nThe authors have no proprietary or financial interest in any material or method mentioned.", "\n\n{#fig1}\n\n{#fig2}\n\n{#fig3}\n\n###### \n\nPreoperative characteristics by group.", "\n\n Parameters SMILE (*n* = 70) FS-LASIK (*n* = 64) *P* value\n ------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------------- -----------\n Age (years) 22.16 ± 3.87 23.22 ± 3.62 0.10\n Gender (n) 0.64\n  Male 40 34 \n  Female 30 30 \n UDVA (logMAR) 1.09 ± 0.30 1.17 ± 0.30 0.15\n CDVA (logMAR) 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.01 0.32\n Sphere (D) −5.52 ± 1.21 −5.86 ± 1.46 0.15\n Cylinder (D) −0.62 ± 0.48 −0.68 ± 0.42 0.46\n SE (D) −5.83 ± 1.23 −6.20 ± 1.52 0.13\n Corneal spherical aberration (*μ*m)      \n  Anterior surface 0.25 ± 0.07 0.23 ± 0.07 0.23\n  Posterior surface −0.15 ± 0.02 −0.16 ± 0.02 0.07\n  Total cornea 0.21 ± 0.08 0.18 ± 0.07 0.08\n Corneal asphericity      \n  Anterior surface −0.22 ± 0.09 −0.25 ± 0.10 0.07\n  Posterior surface −0.12 ± 0.11 −0.11 ± 0.13 0.49\n\nSMILE: small incision lenticule extraction; FS-LASIK: femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis; UDVA: uncorrected distance visual acuity; CDVA: corrected distance visual acuity; D: diopters; SE: spherical equivalent.", "\n\n###### \n\nSpherical aberrations of the anterior surface, the posterior surface, and the total cornea in SMILE and FS-LASIK (*μ*m).", "\n\n Groups Preoperative 1 month 6 months *P* value\n -------------------- -------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------\n SMILE        \n  Anterior surface 0.25 ± 0.07 0.51 ± 0.13^∗^ 0.45 ± 0.11^∗^ \\<0.001\n  Posterior surface −0.15 ± 0.02 −0.16 ± 0.03^†^ −0.16 ± 0.03^∗^ \\<0.001\n  Total cornea 0.21 ± 0.08 0.48 ± 0.15^∗^ 0.42 ± 0.12^∗^ \\<0.001\n FS-LASIK        \n  Anterior surface 0.23 ± 0.07 0.62 ± 0.22^∗^ 0.55 ± 0.19^∗^ \\<0.001\n  Posterior surface −0.16 ± 0.02 −0.16 ± 0.03^†^ −0.17 ± 0.02^∗^ \\<0.001\n  Total cornea 0.18 ± 0.07 0.60 ± 0.25^∗^ 0.53 ± 0.21^∗^ \\<0.001\n\nSMILE: small incision lenticule extraction; FS-LASIK: femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis. ", "^∗^Significantly different from preoperative data at *P* \\< 0.001. ", "^†^Significantly different from preoperative data at *P* \\< 0.05.", "\n\n[^1]: Academic Editor: Achim Langenbucher\n" ]

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[ "Celebrity Eclipse\n\nCelebrity Eclipse is a , operated by Celebrity Cruises. ", "She is the sister ship of Celebrity Solstice, Celebrity Equinox and Celebrity Silhouette. ", "Celebrity Eclipse measures and carries 2,852 passengers (double occupancy) plus crew.", "\n\nThe ship's godmother is Emma Pontin.", "\n\nDesign and construction\nThe keel of the Celebrity Eclipse was laid on 14 February 2007 and she was floated out of her drydock on 28 February 2010.", "\n\nCelebrity Eclipse is the third Solstice-class ship, preceded by Celebrity Solstice and Celebrity Equinox. ", "Solstice-class ships are designed to save energy, equipped with photovoltaic system, an optimized hull design, highly efficient hull coatings and lighting system using light emitting diodes, and are said to use only 70% of the energy consumed by other ships of their kind.", "\n\nThe ship is scheduled to undergo a dry dock in April 2020.", "\n\nFacilities\n\nThe facilities on Celebrity Eclipse include swimming pools, a casino, a theatre, shops, a library and an art gallery.", "\n\n2010 Iceland volcanic eruption\n\nIn response to the 2010 shutdown of UK airspace due to the eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano, the newly completed Eclipse returned 2,000 British tourists stranded in Spain as \"an act of goodwill\" by the owners, sailing from Southampton to Bilbao on April 21 and returning on April 23.", "\n\n2011 crew member overboard incident\nOn 20 May 2011 a 31-year-old crew member was lost overboard 12 km north of Cherbourg, France; despite an extensive search the man's body was not recovered.", "\n\nAllegations of poor working conditions\nIn October 2012 Channel 4 TV aired a Dispatches undercover documentary that exposed poor working conditions and exploitation of workers on Celebrity Eclipse. ", " Allegations include flying under a flag of convenience to enable the ship owners to be unconstrained by employment legislation, including minimum wages and working hours. ", " The documentary showed footage of workers who had no rest days in many months, and workers who had to pay helpers to enable them to fulfil their duties. ", "Celebrity Cruises denied the allegations in the documentary.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\n\nCategory:Cruise ships\nEclipse\nCategory:Ships built in Papenburg\nCategory:2010 ships" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Postings on books (mainly non-fiction), a few films and matters of interest by Lorenzo from Oz (aka Downunder)\n\nMonday, April 6, 2009\n\nThe Mystery of Economic Growth\n\nThe Mystery of Economic Growth by Elhanan Helpman, a commentary on recent economic growth scholarship, is a moderately useful short book. ", "Economics can be highly abstract and the book is a bit jargon-heavy, even given the comprehensive glossary, for other than the determined lay reader.", "\n\nStill, if one perseveres, there is a lot of useful information in it based on burgeoning cross-country and cross-time empirical studies. ", "I especially liked the discussion of how trade liberalisation is particularly good for small countries (pp58ff), a nice antidote to free trade agreements hand-wringing, as well as the last two chapters on inequality and on politics and institutions.", "\n\nThe chapter on inequality is full of interesting results – such as inequality of land-ownership is a measurable negative for economic growth but inequality of income on its own is not: and even the former is confined to non-democratic regimes (p.92ff).Read More...Income inequality within countries rose slightly in the C19th, dropped in the first half of the C20th, and has risen only slightly since. ", "Income inequality between countries increased dramatically in the C19th and first half of the C20th but has been moderately stable since (p.88ff).", "\n\nThe widening gap between the wages of skilled and non-skilled seems to be predominantly driven by technological change, with trade and immigration effects being much less significant (p.94ff).", "\n\nWhere the data is unambiguous is the effect of economic growth on the poor: a rising tide really does raise all boats. ", "In 1820, over 90% of the world’s population lived on $US2 a day or less; over 80% lived on $US1 a day or less (1985 prices). ", "By 1992, about 50% of the world’s population lived on $US2 a day or less, just over 20% of the world lived on $US1 a day or less. ", "Looking at data for 137 countries, there is almost a one-to-one relationship between economic growth and the income of the poorest fifth of the population.", "\n\nThe chapter on politics and institutions covers interesting studies, but, as the author notes:\n\nthe study of institutions and their relations to economic growth is an enormous task on which only limited progress has been made so far (p.142).", "\n\nI particularly liked the study of entry-costs – the costs of regulations for setting up a firm. ", "These varied from 0.5% of per capita GDP in (surprise!) ", "the US to 460% of per capita GDP in the Dominican Republican (wow, I wonder where will have more economic activity …). ", "Hernando de Soto’s point quantified.", "\n\nThe author really needed an interested non-economist to help him add in the de-jargonised clear English explanation at various points (I could see he was trying). ", "Still, an informative short text." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nCan't Edit JFrame Form after NetBeansUpdate\n\nLately, I've been working on a project in NetBeans using the GUI editor that's built in. ", "Before I noticed that it generated an XML \".form\" file that didn't appear in the Project Explorer Pane which makes sense. ", "Earlier I was working on the form in the \"Design\" tab when it notified me about 15 updates. ", "I just updated without reading anything which was probably a bad idea but when I restarted the IDE, it showed my GUI \".class\" file and \".form\" file separately in the Project Explorer and I couldn't switch between \"Source\" and \"Design\". ", "I also noticed that the generated code that was usually not editable was now editable.", "\nP.S. I'm able to create a new frame just fine and the design editor still works with new frame\n\nA:\n\nI have encounter the same problem and I have solved it. ", "\nThe key in this problem, I think, is particular plugins for JFrame in Netbeans are not active after updating, so we only need to activate them. ", "The easiest way to achieve this is create a new JFrame class, so in this progress, NetBeans can activate all relevant plugins for us. ", "Finally, restart NetBeans, then everything would be fine.", "\nThank you very much for all of you that you give me some idea and clues in this situation:)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Introduction\n============\n\nFluorescent calcium signals are widely used for monitoring neuronal activity in the brain thanks to the availability of genetically encoded indicators. ", "GCaMP6f is among the best calcium indicators to date, with high sensitivity, high fluorescent yield and relatively fast response time ([@B5]). ", "There are two principal applications of GCaMP6f: to visualize somatic calcium transients due to bursts of action potentials ([@B43]; [@B5]; [@B35]; [@B10]), and monitoring population activity via calcium fluorometry ([@B9]; [@B26]). ", "Two important issues related to the measurement of population activity remain less explored: (1) Is GCaMP6f sensitive enough for detecting population events with sparse neuronal firing and sub-threshold synaptic activity? (", "2) Is GCaMP6f fast enough for detecting physiologically relevant network oscillations?", "\n\nFor the sensitivity issue, we ask whether the population GCaMP6f signal is comparable to local field potential (LFP) recordings, i.e., capable of detecting network activity in which only a small fraction of neurons fire action potentials, while the majority of neurons only have subthreshold potentials. ", "This is of concern as GCaMP fluorescence appears to primarily reflect supra-threshold somatic Ca^2+^ influx ([@B19]), together with intracellular calcium induced by action potentials ([@B14]). ", "In contrast, the principal source of the LFP may rather reflect subthreshold dendritic synaptic currents ([@B19]). ", "However, while the Ca^2+^ signals from individual synapses are small, a population signal from the integration of a large number of dendrites in the neuropil might become detectable, given that the sensitivity and fluorescent yield of GCaMP6f are both excellent.", "\n\nConcerning the frequency response, the time course of somatic calcium transients is about 1 s ([@B5]; [@B10]; [@B33]), which is too slow for detecting most network oscillations. ", "In a recent report ([@B45]), 2 Hz but not 10 Hz GCaMP signals were detectable. ", "However, the rise time of calcium transients is much faster than 1 s and may be able to follow fast oscillations. ", "Measurements with the organic calcium indicator magnesium green showed \\<1 ms rise time ([@B39]). ", "When action potentials occur, the duration of intracellular calcium transients are long and dependent on intracellular buffering and clearance ([@B36]; [@B19]). ", "In contrast, during a network oscillation with low calcium influx on average in the population, we argue that the time course will be more related to faster rise time than the slower decay time, and in particular the response time of the calcium indicator, or about 40 ms for GCaMP6f ([@B5]), as the onset time of the channels and the rate of calcium influx would be only a few milliseconds ([@B12]; [@B41]). ", "When only a small fraction of neurons fire action potentials in the population, the majority of neurons should have a rate of calcium influx related to the opening probability of low voltage activated channels (LVAs) (Reviewed by [@B4]; [@B14]). ", "The opening probability of the LVA channels should be correlated to the fluctuation of membrane potential. ", "In theory, recording fast oscillations in neuronal populations with calcium indicators is possible during sparse firing, when only a small fraction of neurons fire action potentials, most neurons have subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations, and the ability of intracellular calcium buffering/clearance is much greater than the calcium influx rate. ", "The response time of GCaMP6f (∼40 ms) could in theory permit the detection of oscillations up to 25 Hz.", "\n\nHippocampal sharp waves (SWs) are spontaneous network events in which a small fraction of neurons fire action potentials ([@B46]; [@B7],[@B8]; [@B34]) while the majority of neurons receive subthreshold excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input ([@B15]). ", "The summation of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs/IPSPs) generates a clear voltage source/sink pair in LFP recordings ([@B31]), reviewed by [@B3]. ", "In this report we test if spontaneous SWs can be seen in the GCaMP signal, events with sparse firing and sub-threshold synaptic activity. ", "We speculate that the population summation of calcium influx during these events is detectable in GCaMP6f optical recordings.", "\n\nWe compared simultaneously recorded LFP and fluorescent GCaMP6f signals in Thy1-GCaMP6f mouse hippocampal slices during SWs, interictal spikes and carbachol-induced theta oscillations. ", "Population activation by electric stimulation was also used to test the frequency response characteristics of GCaMP6f population signals.", "\n\nWe observed that SWs can be clearly detected optically in the population GCaMP6f signal. ", "The GCaMP signals were highly correlated with LFP-detected events with a delay of 40.3 ms (SD 10.8 ms). ", "The GCaMP signal followed evoked network activity below 20 Hz with high fidelity, while activity up to 40 Hz were still detectable with reduced amplitude. ", "The population GCaMP6f and LFP signals showed a large amplitude discrepancy. ", "The amplitude of GCaMP6f fluorescence increased by a factor of 28.9 (SD 13.5) between spontaneous SWs and carbachol-induced theta bursts, while the LFP amplitude increased by a factor of 2.4 (SD 1.0).", "\n\nOur results suggest that the population GCaMP6f signal has a sensitivity comparable to that of the LFP and may be even more sensitive than the LFP for detecting network events with low amplitude but disproportionally large GCaMP6f fluorescence, likely arising from asynchronous activity. ", "We also found that the population GCaMP6f signal is fast enough for monitoring theta (4--7 Hz) and beta (14--25 Hz) oscillations in slice, and the detection limit can be as high as 40 Hz. ", "These results suggest that optical recordings of population GCaMP6f signals may be useful for detecting network activity complementary to LFP recordings. ", "They may have particular utility in situations where the confound of electrode disruption and stimulus artifacts need to be minimized. ", "In addition, they have the power to monitor activity in multiple distinct anatomical sites concurrently. ", "Our results also have implications for the interpretation of *in vivo* data obtained with the increasingly widespread use of GCaMP based photometry ([@B9]; [@B26]).", "\n\nMaterials and Methods {#s1}\n=====================\n\nSlice Preparation\n-----------------\n\nP21--P33 male and female C57BL/6J-Tg (Thy1-GCaMP6f) GP5.5 Dkim/J. mice (Jax 024276) mice were used to prepare paired hippocampal hemi-slices in accordance with a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Georgetown University Medical Center. ", "Following deep isoflurane anesthesia, animals were rapidly decapitated. ", "The whole brain was subsequently removed and chilled in iced (0°C) sucrose-based artificial cerebrospinal fluid (sACSF) containing (in mM) 252 sucrose; 3 KCl; 2 CaCl~2~; 2 MgSO~4~; 1.25 NaH~2~PO~4~; 26 NaHCO~3~; 10 dextrose; bubbled with 95% O~2~, 5% CO~2~. Hippocampal slices (480 μm thick) were cut in horizontal sections from dorsal to ventral brain with a vibratome (Leica, VT1000S). ", "Slices were incubated in ACSF for at least 2 h before each experiment. ", "ACSF used for maintenance and recording contained (in mM) 132 NaCl; 3 KCl; 2 CaCl~2~; 2 MgSO~4~; 1.25 NaH~2~PO~4~; 26 NaHCO~3~; 10 dextrose; bubbled with 95% O~2~, 5% CO~2~ at 26°C.", "\n\nLocal Field Potential (LFP) Recording\n-------------------------------------\n\nLocal Field Potential (LFP) recordings were done in a submerged chamber, and slices were placed on a mesh that allowed perfusion on both sides at a high flow rate (10--30 ml/min) ([@B16]; [@B31]). ", "All recordings were done with low resistance glass microelectrodes (∼150 kΩ tip resistance). ", "The electrodes were pulled with a Sutter P87 puller with six controlled pulls and filled with 0.5 M NaCl in 1% agar, which prevents leakage of the electrode solution that could potentially alter the tissue surrounding the electrode tip. ", "The recording electrode was placed in CA1 stratum *pyramidale*, where SWs have large amplitudes ([@B31]) in healthy slices.", "\n\nGCaMP Fluorescent Recording\n---------------------------\n\nThe GCaMP signals were recorded by a 464-channel photodiode array (WuTech Instruments). ", "The two-stage amplifier circuits in the diode array subtract the resting light intensity and amplify the small optical signals 100 times before digitization. ", "This achieves a 21-bit effective dynamic range to fully digitize a signal of ∼0.5% Δ*F*/*F*. ", "\\[For a recent review of the two-stage imaging system, see [@B29]\\].", "\n\nThe Δ*F*/*F* is defined as (*F~x~*−*F*~0~)/*F*~0~, where *F~x~* is the signal trace from each detector and *F*~0~ is the baseline fluorescent intensity. ", "The signals were digitized at 1,616 frames/s. In some experiments, only the center of the field of view was sampled at 3,000 Hz, in order to preserve the high frequency components in the signal. ", "The LFP and stimulation signals were sampled and digitized concurrently with the VSD signals. ", "Optical imaging was performed on an upright microscope (Olympus BX51 WI) with an epi-illumination arrangement: excitation light (470 nm LED, ThorLabs) passes a GFP filter cube (Chroma, excitation 425--475 nm, dichroic mirror 480 and emission filter 485 long pass). ", "The GCaMP signals were imaged at two spatial resolutions: A 20× objective (0.95 NA, Olympus) permitted the concurrent imaging of more localized cellular activity and population signals from the same tissue, and a 10× objective (0.30 NA, AMscopes) allowed for imaging all hippocampal subfields in the same field of view. ", "The aperture of the diode array was 19 mm in diameter; containing a hexagonal arrangement of 464 optic fibers. ", "The diameter of the fiber was 750 μm. ", "Each detector on the array (pixel) collected florescent signals from an area of 37.5 μm in diameter with the 20× objective, and about 75 μm in diameter with the 10× objective. ", "The total beam power of the LED was ∼350 mW at 1A. The fluorescent intensity on each detector was about 20,000 photoelectrons/ms for the 20× objective. ", "Illumination intensity at the sample was \\<20 mW/mm^2^.\n\nVoltage-Sensitive Dye (VSD) Imaging\n-----------------------------------\n\nVoltage-sensitive dye imaging was used to validate the response time of the GCaMP signal ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In three slices, VSD and GCaMP signals are from the same tissue and imaged by the same diode array. ", "The slices were stained by an oxonol dye, NK3630 (Nippon Kankoh-Shikiso Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Japan), as an indicator of transmembrane potential. ", "Slices were stained with 5--10 μg/ml of the dye dissolved in ACSF for 120 min (26°C). ", "During staining, the ACSF was circulated and bubbled with 95% O~2~, 5% CO~2~. After staining, the slices were transferred back to the incubation chamber for at least 1 h before each experiment. ", "NK3630 binds to the external surface of the membrane of all cells and reports their membrane potential change \\[for a recent review of the diode array and NK3630, see [@B29]\\]. ", "The absorption spectrum of the dye shifts linearly with the changes in the membrane potential ([@B40]). ", "The VSD signal in this report is the change in absorption of light with a 705 nm wavelength. ", "The detectable signals are a change in light intensity that is roughly 0.01--0.1% of the resting light intensity. ", "Staining with this dye does not cause noticeable changes in spontaneous or evoked neuronal activity ([@B22]; [@B20]), and stained slices maintain viability for up to 24 h. In 705 nm recording light, NK3630 molecules do not generate fluorescence, so no noticeable phototoxicity is detected ([@B22]).", "\n\nThe VSD signals were recorded by the same diode array. ", "With a transillumination arrangement, neurons through the whole thickness of the slice (480 μm) contribute relatively equally to the VSD signal. ", "A tungsten filament lamp was used for illumination and a 705/10 nm interference filter (Chroma) was placed in the illumination path during optical recording.", "\n\nDuring imaging experiments, the slice was continuously perfused in a submersion chamber with ACSF (same as the incubation solution) at 26°C and at a rate of more than 20 mL/min. ", "Intermittent VSD imaging trials were performed, with 2--3 min intervals between trials.", "\n\nStimulation\n-----------\n\nStimulation to the CA3 area was provided with a concentric metal electrode (FHC CBDSE 75). ", "Stimulation pulse was 0.1 ms wide generated by a Master 8 stimulator (AMPI). ", "The stimulation current was 20--100 μA generated by an isolator (AMPI).", "\n\nData Analysis\n-------------\n\nDigital filters were applied offline. ", "To automatically detect the amplitude and peak time of the SW events in fluorescent signals (e.g., [Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), we first digitally filtered the simultaneously recorded LFP signals between 1--30 Hz, then a threshold was set manually above the baseline noise to identify the majority of SW events in the LFP. ", "Using a window between −50 and 100 ms of the LFP peak, the peak of the fluorescent signal was identified as the SW peak. ", "Custom programs were written in MATLAB and Labview for digital filtering, threshold detection, and determining the amplitude and frequency distributions. ", "For figure preparation, various bandpass ranges were chosen for the LFP and GCaMP signals to minimize filtering whenever possible. ", "These specific ranges have been identified in figure legends.", "\n\n![", "GCaMP population signals of SWs across hippocampal subfields. **(", "A)** Slice positioning over the diode array. ", "The end of mossy fibers (M) and lack of GCaMP6f expression in CA2 was used to identify the three hippocampal subfields CA1-3. ", "The yellow hexagon marks the field of view of the diode array. ", "The black dot marks the location of the LFP electrode. ", "These structures were also outlined with an image of transmitted light (gray lines). **(", "B)** Δ*F*/*F* from all 464 diodes during a SW event. ", "This SW was one of the 9 occurring during a 9-s recording sweep (blue box in **C**). ", "Note that GCaMP signals of SWs were seen over a large area across CA1, CA2, and CA3. ", "Str. *", "pyramidale* (P, orange band) and mossy fiber bundle (M. f∖green band) are identified overlaying the signals. **(", "C)** LFP signals were simultaneously recorded with the GCaMP signals (both sampled at 1,616 Hz). ", "Signals from three detectors in CA1, CA2 and CA3 \\[red dot/traces in panels **(A,B)**\\] plotted together with the LFP recording (filtered 0.1--30 Hz). ", "The amplitude of SWs in the GCaMP signal were on average 0.3% Δ*F*/*F* with a signal-to-noise \\>10. ", "From 11 slices we recorded ∼6,500 SW events optically, all with a clear one-to-one correspondence between LFP and optical GCaMP signals. **(", "D)** Decline of optical signals over long recording periods due to photobleaching. ", "Red dots mark the relative amplitude of individual SWs from one slice recording. ", "For clarity, events are only shown for the first 1,000 and last 500 s. The relative Δ*F*/*F* amplitude is normalized to the average amplitude of the first 100 events at the beginning of light exposure. ", "Black and red traces are averages of the LFP and GCaMP signals, respectively, in a sliding 100-event window. ", "Blue and green traces are GCaMP signals from two additional animals. ", "Brown broken line: another slice with exposure at 6 times the light intensity for 660 s. Left and right insets: LFP and GCaMP signals from one slice before and after 4300 s of continuous light exposure. ", "Blue broken line in panel **(D)** marks the sample time of the two traces. ", "Note that amplitude reduction due to photobleaching is not obvious in individual SWs, as spontaneous SWs have a large variation in amplitude. ", "Scale bar for inset = 1 s.](fncel-13-00274-g001){#F1}\n\nIn experiments with high frequency stimulation, in which the amplitude of the response was too small for quantification ([Figure 3E](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), we used the root mean square (RMS) power in place of the amplitude. ", "The RMS was calculated with the following equation:\n\nX\n\nRMS\n\n=\n\n1\n\nN\n\n∑\n\nn\n\n=\n\n1\n\nN\n\n\\|\n\nX\n\nn\n\n\\|\n\n2\n\nwhere *X~n~* is the signal amplitude at the sample point *n*, *X~RMS~* is the RMS power in a period of *N* sampling points.", "\n\nStatistics were conducted in Graphpad Prism 8.0. ", "To compare differences in means we first checked normality and lognormality of data with Shapiro-Wilk tests. ", "Differences in means of two groups were assessed by unpaired *t*-tests for parametric distributions, and Mann-Whitney for non-parametric distributions. ", "For more than two groups we compared means via 1-way ANOVA with the Tukey multiple comparisons correction, or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparisons test as appropriate. ", "Error bars displayed are either SD or SEM, as indicated in figure legend. ", "^∗^*p* \\< 0.05, ^∗∗^*p* \\< 0.01, ^∗∗∗^*p* \\< 0.001, ^∗∗∗∗^*p* \\< 0.0001.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nSpontaneous SWs Are Detectable in the Population GCaMP Signal\n-------------------------------------------------------------\n\nSpontaneous SWs reliably occur in hippocampal slices as reported by our previous papers and other groups ([@B25]; [@B32]; [@B6]; [@B1]; [@B21]; [@B42]). ", "Our first goal was to test if SWs can be detected in the GCaMP6f signal in hippocampal slices from Thy1-GCaMP6f mice.", "\n\nTo test this, we positioned the slices with the end of the supra-pyramidal mossy fiber bundle at the center of the field of view of the diode array ([Figure 1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), as this marks the boundary between CA3 and CA2 ([@B2]; [@B13]). ", "In Thy1-GCaMP6f mice the mossy fibers showed bright green fluorescence, due to the high expression in granule cells, providing a landmark for the outside limit of CA3 (\"M\" in [Figure 1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "CA2 could also be clearly identified as a darker region devoid of fluorescent cell bodies. ", "In this way, CA3, CA2, and CA1 could be clearly delineated. ", "By positioning the end of the mossy fiber bundle at the center of the field of view, the 464 detectors on the diode array covered a large area including CA3, CA2, and CA1 (yellow hexagon in [Figure 1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nWe observed one-to-one correlations between SW events detected in the LFP and GCaMP signals. ", "In contrast to localized cellular calcium transients ([@B33]), the population SW signals were reliably seen over a large area of hippocampal tissue spanning CA3, CA2, and CA1 ([Figure 1B,C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Under a 20× objective, each optical detector received light from an area of 37.5 μm in diameter, so that the population signals we refer to in this report are a summation of the Δ*F*/*F* from both somatic and dendritic areas for a number of neurons under each optical detector.", "\n\nSharp wave peaks in the GCaMP signal were visible across trials, with a range in Δ*F*/*F* of 0.1--1.0% ([Figure 1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The signal-to-noise ratio was \\>10, allowing clearly distinguishable events above noise. ", "LFP signals were simultaneously recorded with the GCaMP signals, both sampled at 1,616 Hz. ", "From 11 slices we recorded 6,500 SW events optically, all with a one-to-one correspondence between LFP and optical recording of the GCaMP signals, with an average Δ*F*/*F*∼0.3%.", "\n\nSignal Polarity of SWs Across Hippocampal Layers\n------------------------------------------------\n\nA notable difference between LFP and GCaMP recordings of SWs is the signal polarity in different laminar areas. ", "LFP signals from str. *", "oriens* and str. *", "radiatum* have opposite polarities ([@B31]), as they form a current source-sink pair around str. *", "pyramidale* ([@B23]). ", "This polarity reversal is obviously not observable in the Δ*F*/*F* ([Figure 1B](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "GCaMP signals from soma (str. *", "pyramidale*) and neuropil (polymorphic or molecular layers) have the same polarity (increased Δ*F*/*F* at SW onset), suggesting that the calcium signals increase irrespective of current flow direction in the population.", "\n\nPhoto-Bleaching Limits Long Recording Times\n-------------------------------------------\n\nContinuous exposure to light while recording causes bleaching of the GCaMP fluorescent protein. ", "We did observe a gradual reduction in SW amplitude with exposure time. ", "To test the limits of optical recordings of SWs, we recorded continuously for over an hour (4,300 s). ", "In a representative experiment ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), the excitation light intensity was reduced to 1/4 of the intensity used in [Figure 1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ", "Under this light intensity the SWs were still reliably detected, while the dark noise (noise in the electronics) became larger ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, inset red traces). ", "After long exposure, the amplitude of SWs in the optical signal reduced but were still distinguishable from noise. ", "Because amplitude of spontaneous SWs varies over a large range ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red dots), amplitude reduction by photo-bleaching was often difficult to see from individual SW events. ", "However, when the average of 100 SWs were plotted ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red curve), a clear trend of amplitude reduction in the optical signal was seen, compared to the simultaneously recorded LFP amplitude ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, black curve). ", "Similar long-duration recordings were performed in three slices from three animals ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, blue and green traces). ", "In these experiments the illumination intensity was kept constant, revealing slightly different rates of amplitude reduction. ", "From these results we determined that reliable optical recordings were possible for at least 1,500 s of recording time with continuous illumination, equivalent to 100 15 s trials or 1,000--2,000 spontaneous SWs. ", "At the illumination intensity 6 times greater than in [Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"} (red, green, and blue), the bleaching rate was much faster, with the amplitude reduced to 50% in 660 s of exposure ([Figure 1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}, brown dashed line).", "\n\nTime Delay Between GCaMP and VSD Signals\n----------------------------------------\n\nGCaMP signals showed a significant delay compared to LFPs ([Figure 2A,B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, top traces). ", "The peak of the population GCaMP6f signal lagged behind the peak of the LFP signal by 40.3 ms on average (SD 10.8 ms, *n* = 84 SWs, in two slices from two animals) ([Figure 2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The delay time from two recording locations ([Figure 2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, location a, b, ∼1.2 mm apart along the CA1 str. *", "pyramidale*) was similar ([Figure 2B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, top traces), suggesting that the delay was not caused by spreading of the SW along the CA1 zone.", "\n\n{#F2}\n\nThe delay time of the GCaMP6f population signal was verified with voltage-sensitive dye recordings. ", "In three animals we stained the slices with the voltage sensitive dye NK3630. ", "The dye staining did not affect the spontaneous SW rate of occurrence or amplitude. ", "The dye absorption signal measured at 705 nm emission wavelength was able to detect SWs. ", "The VSD signal associated with a SW event was manifested by an increase in absorption at 705 nm, in accordance with the previously established nature of voltage imaging with absorption dyes, where dye molecules bind to the neuronal membrane with depolarized membrane potential ([@B40]). ", "The VSD signal of SWs was fast with the peak correlating well with the LFP ([Figure 2A,B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, bottom traces). ", "The VSD signal showed an insignificant delay to the LFP, 5.7 ms (SD 4.1 ms, *n* = 82 SWs, in two slices from two animals), demonstrating a good correlation between the population summation of membrane potential and LFP signal during SW events.", "\n\nThe GCaMP and VSD signals in [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} were measured from the same tissue in different recording trials. ", "In the same tissue the VSD and the GCaMP signals were independent as the 705 nm light did not excite the GCaMP6f proteins. ", "The GCaMP signals were measured at 500--530 nm (excited by 470 nm), and there is no significant contribution of VSDs at this wavelength.", "\n\nA wavelength independent \"intrinsic\" optical signal was also seen at 705 nm in the VSD measurements. ", "The intrinsic signal was slower and with a reversed polarity compared to the VSD signals at the 705 nm ([@B22]). ", "The downward deflection in the VSD ([Figure 2A,B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} bottom traces) were associated with this intrinsic optical signal.", "\n\nComparing with the VSD signals, the time delay in population GCaMP6f signals was likely dictated by the response of the GCaMP protein. ", "The delay times in our population measurements were comparable to the delay times obtained using intracellular calcium measurements; a 40 ms rise time ([@B5]).", "\n\nPopulation GCaMP Signal Can Detect 20--40 Hz Evoked Activity\n------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIf individual calcium transients are far from saturation, the measured rise time of ∼40 ms of the population GCaMP6f optical signal should in theory allow following up to 20 Hz of network oscillations in the tissue. ", "It may also be possible to detect higher frequency signals at attenuated amplitude. ", "To test the frequency response of GCaMP6f population signals, we applied electrical stimulation to CA3 and measured the evoked population response in CA1. ", "The stimulation intensity was low, adjusted to produce evoked LFP responses within the same amplitude range as spontaneous SWs in the same tissue ([Figure 3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Evoked GCaMP signals were observed in the CA3 and CA1 areas ([Figure 3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red and orange traces). ", "When two stimuli were delivered close in time, the response to the second stimulus was larger ([Figure 3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, arrowhead), suggesting paired-pulse facilitation through buildup of calcium is detectable by population GCaMP signals.", "\n\n{#F3}\n\nWith a train of stimuli of identical intensity, the GCaMP signals summated, forming a much larger rising ramp than the response to individual stimuli ([Figure 3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The Δ*F*/*F* amplitude evoked by individual stimuli were on average 0.1%, while the ramp signal from continuous 40 Hz stimulation was ∼100% (comparing [Figure 3B,C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The ramp rise time was faster with higher stimulation frequency with the same intensity ([Figure 3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The large ramp signal suggests an accumulation of calcium. ", "The time course of these long ramps might be caused by the slow clearance of intracellular calcium, while the individual responses may reflect fast calcium influx.", "\n\nAs the rise time of the long ramp signal was much slower than the rise time of individual responses, the ramp signal could be removed by a digital high-pass filter (7--800 Hz) ([Figure 3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red traces). ", "The one-to-one relationship between evoked stimulation and GCaMP signal was maintained up to a frequency of 40 Hz. ", "Responses to stimulation \\<30 Hz were clearly seen in high-pass filtered signals, while frequencies between 30 and 44 Hz were distinguishable by further band-pass filtering between 7 and 55 Hz ([Figure 3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, blue traces). ", "One-to-one correlations between stimulus and GCaMP signals were clearly seen at 31 Hz but not at 44 Hz. ", "In a follow-up experiment, 10 mild stimuli (1.4× threshold) at 40 Hz was given to CA3, and a narrow bandpass filter (30--50 Hz) was used on the CA1 GCaMP signals. ", "Under this condition a clear one-to-one correlation between individual stimulus pulses and the GCaMP response was identified ([Figure 3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, inset). ", "Response to the 40 Hz stimuli was further verified with a fast Fourier transform (FFT) ([Figure 3D](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "While the 40 Hz FFT peak was much smaller compared to that of lower frequencies, the peak was clearly distinguishable from background noise. ", "The frequency peaks show about a 50% reduction between 35 and 40 Hz. ", "RMS power was calculated from data collected from three animals receiving 20 and 40 Hz stimulation ([Figure 3E](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), demonstrating that the 40 Hz GCaMP6f signal was significantly higher than the RMS power of background noise (*p* = 0.0022, unpaired *t*-test, *n* = 9 trials from three slices from three mice).", "\n\nAmplitude Discrepancy Between GCaMP and LFP Signals\n---------------------------------------------------\n\nExceptionally large GCaMP signals were occasionally observed during population events, while the LFP signals of the same events were relatively small. ", "These spontaneous interictal events had an amplitude of Δ*F*/*F* = 17% (SD 1%, *n* = 11), almost 50 times greater than the amplitude of SWs in the same tissue \\[Δ*F*/*F* = 0.36% (SD 0.10%, *n* = 1847)\\] ([Figure 4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In contrast, the LFP signals of SWs and interictal spikes had similar amplitudes, but interictal spikes exhibited reversed polarity and increased extracellular spiking ([Figure 4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}, inset).", "\n\n{#F4}\n\nSpontaneous interictal events only occurred occasionally in 2 out of 11 slices examined, and their occurrence rate was low. ", "In one characteristic slice, 1,847 SWs were recorded over 36 min, with only 11 spontaneous interictal events detected. ", "To further investigate the discrepancy between amplitudes in the LFP and GCaMP6f signals, we examined induced interictal-like events with the GABA~A~ receptor antagonist bicuculline. ", "20 μM bicuculline in ACSF was used to induce interictal-like spikes in four slices from four animals (*n* = 99 events, [Figure 4B](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The amplitudes of GCaMP events associated with bicuculline-induced interictal spikes were almost 1,000 times greater than the amplitudes of the SW events, while the LFP signal had a relative increase ranging from 5 to 20, demonstrating a large discrepancy in relative signal increases between GCaMP and LFP ([Figure 4C](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nNotably, the rise time, defined as the time for the signal to rise from 10 to 60% of peak, was about 40 ms for all three event types (spont. ", "SW, spont. ", "interictal, bicuculline-induced), despite the large amplitude differences in these events ([Figure 4D](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "This suggests that the onset time of the optical population signal in all three cases is limited by the response time of GCaMP6f.", "\n\nPopulation GCaMP Signal Can Detect Carbachol-Induced Theta Oscillations\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCarbachol-induced theta oscillations and related population events were next explored to further investigate the ability of GCaMP6f to monitor physiologically relevant hippocampal oscillations. ", "When the perfusant was switched from normal ACSF to one containing 40 μM of the cholinergic agonist carbachol, spontaneous SWs disappeared and short bursts of theta oscillations (4--7 Hz) emerged, as recorded by the LFP electrode ([Figure 5A,B](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "High amplitude GCaMP peaks were observed during these theta bursts, and like interictal-like events, there was a large discrepancy between the change in amplitude in the LFP and GCaMP signals. ", "The GCaMP signal accumulated with successive theta cycles ([Figure 5B](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "While both SW and carbachol-induced bursts had a wide range of amplitude in GCaMP signal ([Figure 5C,D](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}), the amplitude of the carbachol-induced burst was on average greater than the amplitude of SW events by a factor of 28.9 (SD 13.5, *n* = 252 bursts, four slices from four animals) ([Figure 5E](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In contrast, the amplitude of LFP events increased by a factor of only 2.38 (SD 1.02, *n* = 252 bursts, four slices from four animals), further demonstrating the large amplitude discrepancy between LFP and GCaMP signals.", "\n\n{#F5}\n\nWith continued carbachol perfusion, theta oscillations with continuous cycles developed ([Figure 5F](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "These ∼8 Hz oscillations were seen in both LFP and GCaMP signals with one-to-one oscillation. ", "An FFT of a sub-section of this signal ([Figure 5F](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}, blue box) revealed a clear peak at 8 Hz in both the LFP and GCaMP6f signals, as well as higher harmonics ([Figure 5G](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nPopulation GCaMP Signal During Transition Period of Elevated and Asynchronous Activity\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe large amplitude discrepancy between the LFP and GCaMP6f signals led us to investigate if GCaMP6f can be used to detect population activity insensitive to the LFP. ", "Elevation of asynchronous firing in a neuronal population should generate only a nominal LFP, with asynchronous currents canceling each other out in the volume conductor surrounding the neurons. ", "However, the GCaMP6f signal in this population would be expected to be high, due to the accumulation of calcium from elevated activity. ", "With even higher levels of activity, depolarization block can lead to a cessation of firing and detectable activity in the LFP, yet with GCaMP6f, the elevated calcium that results from this should be readily detectable.", "\n\nThere was a transition period between SWs and carbachol-induced bursts, in which the GCaMP signal had large fluctuations while the LFP signal displayed only low amplitude peaks ([Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Upon 40 μM carbachol administration, SWs abruptly stopped ([Figure 6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}, gray dashed line). ", "A transition period of 3--4 min occurred, during which the GCaMP signal had slow and large fluctuations up to Δ*F*/*F* = 30%, or about 40 times the SW signals ([Figure 6B1](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"} vs. [Figure 6B2--B6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Meanwhile, the amplitude of the small peaks in the LFP was only 1/3--1/2 of that of the SW ([Figure 6B1](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"} vs. [Figure 6B2](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red traces). ", "These fluctuations only occurred after carbachol was added and SWs stopped (observed in two preparations) and became larger until organized theta bursts emerged ([Figure 6B7](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "At times, one-to-one correlations were observed between peaks in the GCaMP and LFP signals ([Figure 6B2](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "At other times however, these GCaMP signals displayed dynamics not readily apparent in the LFP recording ([Figure 6B3--B6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Spikes from nearby neurons were detectable with the LFP electrode in some preparations ([Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}, blue traces, sampled at 3000 Hz and filtered 60--1500 Hz). ", "Spiking rate increased after carbachol, indicating elevated population activity. ", "Peaks in GCaMP6f were also correlated to sudden drops in the firing frequency of neurons ([Figure 6B4,B5](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "More obvious correlations between reduction in spiking and GCaMP peaks were seen when theta bursts developed ([Figure 6B7](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), potentially from depolarization block or inhibition. ", "Together these observations suggest that in highly excitable and asynchronous environments, GCaMP6f can reveal dynamics not detectable in the LFP, which alone is an incomplete snapshot of population activity.", "\n\n{#F6}\n\nCellular Transients Compared to Population Signals\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nFinally, we wanted to verify that compared to the population GCaMP6f signal, cellular calcium transients were large, localized to the soma, and with longer duration as previously reported ([@B33]; [@B37]). ", "In contrast, the population GCaMP signals in the same tissue were expected to be small, distributed over a large area, and with shorter duration.", "\n\nTo test this, a region of CA3 str. *", "pyramidale* was imaged for cellular calcium transients ([Figure 7A](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}, red hexagon). ", "Five detectors were chosen to show both SW population signals ([Figure 7B](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and cellular transients ([Figure 7C](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In normal ACSF the SW signals were seen in all five detectors ([Figure 7B](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}) as well as in most of the detectors throughout the imaging area (SW marked in shaded blue box in [Figure 7B](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"} displayed over all detectors in [Figure 7A](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Later, 2 μM carbachol was added to the perfusion solution to promote cellular spiking, a low concentration that was found to be insufficient to induce theta bursts. ", "Under this condition, localized large calcium transients were observed under one or a few detectors, suggesting cellular transients from spiking of individual neurons. ", "Because the diode array had a low spatial resolution, these calcium transients cannot be attributed to individual CA3 neurons. ", "However, these large signals were localized to one or a few detectors; e.g., the signals on neighboring red, blue, and green detectors only showed small crosstalk ([Figure 7C](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}), suggesting that the source of the signals was highly localized to the soma or dendrites of distinct CA3 neurons. ", "In contrast, SW signals were distributed over the entire field of view.", "\n\n{#F7}\n\nThe large and localized calcium transients showed a duration of 1--2 s, consistent with cellular calcium transients reported by other groups \\[e.g., ([", "@B10]; [@B33])\\]. ", "The amplitude, spatial distribution, and time course of these local calcium signals all varied, suggesting differing sources.", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nOur results suggest that Ca^2+^ imaging of population activity can be a useful tool for monitoring activity critical for the consolidation and encoding of memory, e.g., SWs ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and theta oscillations ([Figure 5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "By reliably detecting SW events, these data demonstrate that GCaMP6f is sensitive enough to detect population activity with sparse spiking and sub-threshold activity. ", "With appropriate amplification and filtering of the population signal, we observed that the temporal limit of population Ca^2+^ imaging is close to the response time of the GCaMP6f protein (40 ms), enabling detection of oscillations up to 20 Hz ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The range in amplitude for detected population signals with our method spans 3000-fold, from Δ*F*/*F* = 0.1--300% and exhibits a dynamic range different from the accompanying changes to the LFP. ", "In particular, it may be more sensitive than the LFP during highly elevated and asynchronous activity, where the interpretation of the LFP is often ambiguous ([Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nTemporal Limitations of Population GCaMP6f Signals\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nThe rise time of the population GCaMP6f signal was measured to be 40.3 ± 10.8 ms, which is slower than organic calcium indicators \\[e.g., ", "Cal-520, Rhof-4, ([@B30]) reviewed by [@B14]\\]. ", "These data indicate that this response time is the major limitation for GCaMP6f to measure fast oscillations. ", "Our results suggest that the speed of GCaMP6f is sufficient for measuring oscillations below 20 Hz, while this can be pushed up to 40 Hz with offline signal processing. ", "A better solution for detecting gamma oscillations would be faster calcium sensitive proteins ([@B18], [@B17]; [@B11]).", "\n\nPopulation Signal vs. Cellular Transients\n-----------------------------------------\n\nOne major question raised by our results is whether the integration of CA1 cellular calcium transient would reproduce the population calcium signal seen during SWs. ", "Cellular calcium imaging during SWs has been performed by the Ikegaya group from a large number of neurons with calcium transients in the CA1 area ([@B38], [@B37]; [@B33]). ", "A careful analysis in these studies ([@B33]) found that while 79% of neurons displaying calcium transients participated in SW events, each SW event only recruited ∼4% of these neurons. ", "Additionally, each neuron participated in only ∼5% of SW events. ", "Since ∼70% of neurons have calcium transients with and without SWs, it is unclear if integrating the individual cellular calcium transients would generate the population signal we observed in this report \\[see Figure 4 of [@B33]\\]. ", "A large fraction of uncorrelated cellular transients would only contribute to the background fluorescence.", "\n\nIn contrast, the majority of CA1 neurons receive both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs during every SW event ([@B15]). ", "The calcium influx in the presynaptic compartments of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the CA1 neuropil would contribute to the population GCaMP6f signal locked to the LFP, given that each CA3 neuron projects to 2/3 of the CA1 area and makes 30,000 to 60,000 excitatory synapses onto CA1 neurons ([@B28]; [@B44]). ", "The post-synaptic response of the CA1 neurons might also have activate low threshold calcium channels \\[reviewed by [@B4]\\] and contribute to the population calcium signal. ", "The current imaging method cannot distinguish whether the signals are from pre- or post-synaptic calcium influx. ", "Our signals are most likely from both, in addition to the regenerative calcium dynamics in the dendritic tree (dendritic calcium spikes). ", "Further experiments are needed to distinguish the source of the population calcium signal.", "\n\nCellular calcium transients reach Δ*F*/*F* = 30--2000% when recorded under a dark background with confocal or two photon microscopes. ", "Under bright field fluorescent imaging the background is no longer dark so the fractional change would be greatly reduced. ", "In our wide-field fluorescent imaging the cellular calcium transients range from 2 to 5 times the population GCaMP signals ([Figure 7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The population signal of SWs is a small intensity change over a brighter background (a light flux of ∼10,000 photoelectrons/ms) which would saturate EMCCDs.", "\n\nGreater Dynamic Range of Population GCaMP Signal\n------------------------------------------------\n\nGCaMP6f and LFP signals showed a striking amplitude discrepancy during population events ([Figure 4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}--[6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "Spontaneous and bicuculline-induced interictal events, as well as carbachol-induced theta oscillations showed a much greater Ca^2+^ than LFP response. ", "We hypothesize this greater dynamic range in Δ*F*/*F* values compared to the LFP to be due to the population GCaMP6f signal increasing more linearly with increased cellular participation. ", "The LFP will be limited in magnitude due to precise synchrony of voltage-gated and synaptic currents, as well as volume conduction throughout the slice. ", "In contrast, the much slower kinetics of Ca^2+^, and the sensitivity of GCaMP6f to depolarized voltages renders the population GCaMP6f signal more sensitive than the LFP in highly active and/or asynchronous environments.", "\n\nThis high amplitude GCaMP6f signal likely reflects increased population firing rate and not artifact, as we never observed such increases outside of interictal events or carbachol administration. ", "The decay time of GCaMP6f is about 200 ms ([@B5]), therefore, all calcium transients within the decay period should accumulate and contribute to the population signal. ", "In addition to this, the continued accumulation of intracellular calcium will lengthen the population signal. ", "Individual neurons' calcium transients last on average 1 s for GCaMP6f \\[[Figure 7](#F7){ref-type=\"fig\"}, see also ([@B5]; [@B10]) as well as measurements with organic calcium indicators ([@B33])\\]. ", "These long duration intracellular calcium transients are limited by calcium buffering/elimination processes ([@B19]).", "\n\nThe accumulation of the population GCaMP signal was also clearly seen in the ramp-like signals in [Figure 3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}, where repetitive stimuli caused a rising ramp, with the ramp slope becoming steeper with higher stimulus frequencies. ", "The ramp signal was much slower and larger compared to the signal induced by individual stimuli. ", "This might partially explain the amplitude discrepancy. ", "In contrast to the population accumulation, on a single cell level, post-synaptic potentials and the GCaMP6 signal time course are much better correlated ([@B27]).", "\n\nThe accumulation of population GCaMP signals may offer a sensitive indicator for the \"spiking density\" in the population. ", "Spiking density here refers to an increased firing rate on a temporal scale of ∼100 ms, which is distinct from the more common concept of synchrony, or coincident firing on a millisecond temporal scale. ", "With this definition, high spiking density would not necessarily result in high LFP peaks, as sodium and potassium currents could negate each other if the firing rates between neurons are not closely synchronous.", "\n\nPopulation GCaMP Signals for Detecting Asynchronous Population Activity\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nDuring the transition between SW and theta oscillations ([Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), the LFP showed only a nominal signal while the population GCaMP signal exhibited large fluctuations. ", "Four observations in [Figure 6](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"} suggest that the fluctuations are not noise. ", "First, correlations can be seen between small LFP peaks and GCaMP signals ([Figure 6B2](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), indicating that the fluctuations were not random. ", "Second, the fluctuations only occurred during the transition between the SW and the theta oscillations ([Figure 6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), but never during SW states. ", "Third, the fluctuations gradually increased to become large peaks with one-to-one correlation with LFP bursts ([Figure 6B7](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}), suggesting the population firing gradually became organized into theta oscillations. ", "Fourth, while the LFP only displayed nominal peaks during the transition, the LFP electrode often picked up spikes from nearby neurons. ", "The high firing rate of nearby neurons suggests an asynchronous state in the population ([Figure 6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "In addition, the reduction of cellular firing was weakly correlated to GCaMP6f fluctuations ([Figure 6B4,B5,B7](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}).", "\n\nSWs vs. Epileptiform Activity\n-----------------------------\n\nThere is an active debate whether *in vitro* SWs are more reflective of epileptiform or other pathological events ([@B24]; [@B3]). ", "We demonstrated that the two events have large differences in GCaMP6f characteristics. ", "Spontaneous interictal events, while rare, can happen without changing the bath solution or the excitability of the slices in our preparation ([Figure 3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "While the LFP did display altered shapes between the events, the GCaMP6f response was even more highly divergent, indicating that they are different types of events. ", "This provides evidence that *in vitro* SWs are distinct from epileptiform activity.", "\n\nLimitations and Advantages of the Diode Device\n----------------------------------------------\n\nIn contrast to many calcium imaging experiments, we employed a diode array for our measurements. ", "The limiting factor for the sensitivity of the device is the dark noise of the electronics. ", "The intensity of excitation light needs to be high enough so the signal can be distinguished from the dark noise. ", "Bleaching of GCaMP6f fluorescence is a major limitation for the method. ", "In order to achieve \\>30 min of optical recording time, the excitation light needs to be adjusted as low as possible while maintaining sufficient signal to noise. ", "Under light illumination intensity, the dark noise becomes a major limitation for small signals. ", "When approximately 100 mW of LED light output was used through a 10 × 0.3 NA objective, which delivers \\<1 mW/cm^2^ onto the tissue, resulting in dark noise about 20% of the SW peaks. ", "Higher excitation power may also get better sensitivity with a trade-off in optical recording time. ", "However, 30 min of light exposure was more than enough for many experiments.", "\n\nThe high dynamic range of the diode array is a main advantage. ", "For detecting 0.1% Δ*F*/*F* on top of 100% background fluorescent light, a 16--20 bit effective dynamic range would be needed. ", "Such high dynamic range is necessary for detecting small population signal with a sensitivity comparable to LFP.", "\n\nSome of our results are compatible with a recent *in vivo* photometry study ([@B26]), in which high frequency stimuli generated a slow accumulative response and faster individual responses, and epileptiform events displayed high amplitude GCaMP6s signals. ", "We were able to resolve fast signals up to 30 Hz on single trials, and able to record small signals (∼0.1 Δ*F*/*F*) during hippocampal SWs. ", "This is due to the diode array having a higher dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio than photomultiplier-based devices. ", "Further work is needed to verify if the high signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved under *in vivo* conditions with optical fibers.", "\n\nConclusion\n==========\n\nIn conclusion, this work demonstrates that population GCaMP signals offer a useful complementary approach to image small and fast population activity, with comparable sensitivity to LFP recordings. ", "A planned future direction is *in vivo* imaging of spontaneously occurred theta (4--8 Hz), alpha/mu (7--13 Hz) and beta (15--20 Hz) oscillations. ", "Faster calcium sensors may allow more robust detection and monitoring of gamma oscillations in the 40 Hz range. ", "GCaMP permits multiple-site no-contact recordings, revealing spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal oscillations. ", "In addition, optical signals are not disturbed by the artifact of electrical stimulation, suitable for applications requiring simultaneous recording and stimulation, e.g., augmenting EEG oscillations by transcranial repetitive AC or magnetic stimulation \\[Zhai group 2019, current biology 2019\\], which currently no other methods can achieve.", "\n\nEthics Statement\n================\n\nThis study was carried out in accordance with the laboratory animal welfare guidelines, NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. ", "The protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Georgetown University Medical Center.", "\n\nAuthor Contributions\n====================\n\nPL, HJ, and JYW conducted the experiments. ", "All authors participated in the data analysis and the composition of the manuscript.", "\n\nConflict of Interest Statement\n==============================\n\nWuTech Instruments is a company owned by JYW. ", "The diode array used in this research is a gift of WuTech Instruments. ", "The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.", "\n\n**Funding.** ", "This study was supported by the Georgetown University Dean's Toulmin Pilot award FY18 to JYW, the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education No. ", "KM201810025015 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. ", "61302035 to XG. ", "AC was supported by the NIH/NCATS TL1 TR001431 and the NIH/NIA F31 AG062030. ", "The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.", "\n\n[^1]: Edited by: Srdjan D. Antic, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States\n\n[^2]: Reviewed by: Katsushige Sato, Komazawa Women's University, Japan; Maxim Volgushev, University of Connecticut, United States\n\n[^3]: ^†^These authors have contributed equally to this work\n\n[^4]: This article was submitted to Cellular Neurophysiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience\n" ]

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[ "\n944 A.2d 1113 (2008)\nIN RE MAC\nNo. ", "07-FS-327.", "\nDistrict of Columbia Court of Appeals.", "\nMarch 20, 2008.", "\nMcCabe.", "\nDecisions without published opinion. ", "Affirmed.", "\n" ]

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[ "At the White House Monday, Trump said he will “probably” be visiting the Philippines as part of his 12-day trip to Asia early next month. ", "A National Security Council spokesman told me Trump will be in Manila Nov. 12 and 13 and will meet with Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte and others. ", "But Trump will not travel the additional 52 miles to the Philippine city of Angeles on Nov. 14 for the East Asia Summit, an annual conference of Asian and world leaders that focuses on the strategic future of the region.", "\n\n“The President’s trip to Asia is extremely lengthy and will be his longest to date – his return to the U.S. on the evening of Nov. 13 is entirely schedule-driven,” the spokesman said. “", "You should not read anything into his being absent on the 14th.” ", "The East Asia Summit opens in Angeles on Nov. 13, but the major events with world leaders occur on Nov. 14.", "\n\nAD\n\nAD\n\nBut the region is sure to read a lot into Trump’s absence, according to experts and former officials. ", "By not attending the East Asia Summit his first year in office, even though he will already be nearby, Trump is signaling a lack of interest in the organization and the project it represents.", "\n\n“It is a big deal. ", "The Obama administration made a point of investing in these regional institutions in order to demonstrate we are an Asia Pacific power, a resident power in the region. ", "This will only raise more questions about American credibility,” said Derek Mitchell, former U.S. ambassador to Burma. “", "Multilateralism in Asia is often just about showing up, but even that appears to be hard for him.”", "\n\nMultiple administration officials told me there was a lengthy debate inside the Trump administration about the summit, but officials close to Trump were concerned the president did not want to stay in the region for so long and worried he could get cranky, leading to unpredictable or undiplomatic behavior.", "\n\nAD\n\nAD\n\nPresident Barack Obama brought the United States into the East Asia Summit after his administration signed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce in Southeast Asia in 2009. ", "He became the first American president to attend the summit in 2011 and attended each year thereafter except for 2013, when he canceled his trip due to the U.S. government shutdown.", "\n\nMitchell said the hosts scheduled the summit close to other regional events, including the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings, specifically to accommodate the U.S. president. ", "Trump will attend APEC meetings in Vietnam on Nov. 10.", "\n\n“They tend to schedule [the EAS] to make it easier for the United States to attend,” he said. “", "It’s not necessarily convenient for others. ", "I’m sure it’s frustrating to many of our partners.”", "\n\nAD\n\nSecretary of State Rex Tillerson may stay in the Philippines for the East Asia Summit, but it’s not the same, said Ernest Bower, senior adviser for Southeast Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.", "\n\nAD\n\n“Tillerson can sit in the president’s seat, but the symbolism of that will be the headline of the day,” he said.", "\n\nThe East Asia Summit is unique because it focuses on greater strategic issues, as opposed to the economic focus of APEC, said Bower. ", "Trump’s absence is part of a pattern of his administration downgrading the importance of multilateral organizations and forums overall.", "\n\nThe East Asia Summit includes the 10 nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus Russia, China, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, India and South Korea, along with the United States. ", "It’s a missed opportunity for Trump to show all those countries that the United States is still committed to the strengthening regional integration and cooperation as China becomes more aggressive and expansionist, said Bower.", "\n\nAD\n\nAD\n\n“The rest of Asia needs us to be there,” he said. “", "Since you’ve flown all that way, I can’t imagine not staying for that last 24 hours just to keep America in the game. ", "It’s shocking.”", "\n\nNot all Asia experts think Trump skipping the East Asia Summit is such a disaster. ", "After all, Trump will spend 12 days on his Asia trip and visit several countries including Japan, South Korea and China. ", "That should reassure the region of Trump and America’s commitment, said Dan Blumenthal, director of Asian studies at the American Enterprise Institute.", "\n\n“I don’t think it’s that big of a deal,” he said. “", "What’s a bigger deal is what comes out of the actual Duterte meeting and other bilaterals, the fact that he’s out there for so long and meeting so many leaders and the content of the policy.”" ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals from a spent lithium ion secondary battery, and wastes (for example, a cathode active material) generated in the method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery. ", "More specifically, the invention relates to a method for extracting nickel and lithium from a solution generated when a cathode material of a lithium ion secondary battery is treated by extraction with a solvent, concentrating the solution into which lithium and nickel are extracted, separating nickel and lithium from each other by use of another solvent, and then recovering nickel in the form of nickel carbonate or nickel powder, and lithium in the form of lithium carbonate.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nThe use manners of a lithium ion secondary battery have been rapidly spreading, and the production quantity thereof is expected to increase rapidly. ", "In a lithium ion secondary battery, relatively expensive metals such as cobalt and nickel are used; however, under the present circumstance, it is not difficult to say that the process for recovering the metals has been established. ", "It is evident that as the production quantity increases, the generation amount of spent lithium ion batteries, and that of cathode active materials and others that are discarded by the generation of defects in the production process and other causes also increase. ", "Thus, it is important to recover manganese, cobalt, nickel, and lithium.", "\nA process for recovering manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium from spent lithium ion secondary batteries is disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "2007-122885 (Patent Document 1). ", "According to this process, cobalt and nickel cannot be effectively separated from each other. ", "Unless cobalt- and nickel-refining steps and so on are separately carried out, cobalt and nickel cannot be individually recovered.", "\nAs a process for recovering cobalt, nickel and lithium, there has been known a solvent extraction process as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "2008-231522 (Patent Document 2). ", "This process is characterized in that even in a case where manganese is contained in a spent lithium ion secondary battery to which the process is to be applied, the process can cope with this case. ", "However, in order to generate lithium carbonate from a solution remaining after cobalt, nickel and manganese are recovered, some operation for concentrating lithium is required when the concentration of lithium is small.", "\nIn the meantime, a process for recovering lithium from a lithium solution by solvent extraction has been also known. ", "As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "2006-57142 (Patent Document 3), in the case of making an attempt for recovering lithium in the form of a carbonate thereof, it is generally difficult to recover the carbonate from a thin solution of lithium. ", "It is essential to concentrate the lithium solution by some method. ", "As a method therefor, solvent extraction has been adopted in the Patent Document 3. ", "This process makes it possible to recover only lithium, and may result in a high cost performance in the light of the price of lithium carbonate.", "\nJapanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. ", "2004-307983 (Patent Document 4) discloses a β-hydrooxime type extractant (for example, trade name: LIX-841, manufactured by Cognis Co.) as a nickel-extracting agent. ", "According to this extractant, lithium is hardly extracted when nickel is extracted; therefore, the extractant has an advantage that the performance of separating nickel and lithium from each other is high. ", "However, it is necessary for a practical use thereof to improve the performance for back-extracting nickel. ", "Moreover, according to this extractant, lithium cannot be concentrated although nickel can be concentrated. ", "When the concentration of lithium is small in a solution from which nickel has been extracted, lithium cannot be recovered in the form of lithium carbonate unless lithium is concentrated.", "\nIn electrolytic recovery of nickel, it is generally necessary that the concentration of nickel in an electrolytic solution is about 50 g/L. From a solution having a concentration smaller than this concentration, an effective electrolytic recovery cannot be attained. ", "Thus, about a solution having a small nickel concentration, it is necessary to increase the nickel concentration by some method. ", "It is supposed to use, as the method for increasing the nickel concentration, a method for adding a carbonating agent and an alkaline agent to a solution having a small nickel concentration to precipitate nickel, and then dissolving this precipitation again, thereby yielding a solution having a required nickel concentration. ", "However, according to this method, it is necessary to conduct a solid-liquid separating operation for recovering the precipitated nickel. ", "Moreover, a neutralizing agent which cannot be recycled is also required." ]

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[ "Farmers, Natrel and Northumberland brand milk and cream products recalled due to presence of sanitizer\n\nStarting date: January 29, 2018 Type of communication: Recall Alert sub-type: Notification Subcategory: Chemical Hazard classification: Class 3 Source of recall: Canadian Food Inspection Agency Recalling firm: Agropur Cooperative Distribution: Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador Extent of the product distribution: Retail, Hotel/Restaurant/Institutional CFIA reference number: 11982\n\nAffected products\n\nAffected products Brand name Common name Size Code(s) on product UPC Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (carton) 237 mL JA 30 0 67997 72200 1 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (carton) 1 L JA 30 0 67997 04200 0 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (carton) 2 L JA 30 0 67997 03200 1 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (jug) 2 L JA 30 0 67997 92100 8 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (jug) 4 L JA 30 0 67997 09090 2 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (poly) 10 L JA 30 0 67997 98500 0 Farmers 2% Partly skimmed milk (poly) 20 L JA 30 0 67997 07000 3 Farmers 3.25 % Homogenized milk (carton) 1 L JA 30 0 67997 04100 3 Farmers 3.25 % Homogenized milk (jug) 2 L JA 30 0 67997 92000 1 Farmers 3.25 % Homogenized milk (carton) 2 L JA 30 0 67997 03100 4 Farmers 3.25 % Homogenized milk (jug) 4 L JA 30, JA 31 0 67997 09080 3 Farmers 3.25 % Homogenized milk (bag) 4 L JA 31 0 67997 02100 5 Farmers Skim milk (jug) 4 L JA 31 0 67997 09240 1 Farmers Skim milk (bag) 4 L JA 31 0 67997 02300 9 Farmers 1% Partly skimmed milk (bag) 4 L JA 31 0 67997 02000 8 Farmers 1% Partly skimmed milk (jug) 4 L JA 31 0 67997 09180 0 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (jug) 473 mL FE 05 0 67997 72019 9 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (jug) 1 L FE 05 0 67997 02055 8 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (jug) 2 L FE 05 0 67997 02054 1 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (jug) 4 L FE 05 0 67997 02053 4 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (poly) 20 L FE 05 0 67997 02059 6 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (carton) 2 L FE 15 0 67997 20400 2 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (carton) 237 mL FE 21 0 67997 72058 8 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (carton) 473 mL FE 21 0 67997 72057 1 Farmers 1% Chocolate partly skimmed milk (carton) 1 L FE 21 0 67997 02056 5 Farmers 0.4 % Cultured Buttermilk (carton) 1 L FE 10 0 67997 04711 1 Farmers 18% Coffee Cream (carton) 473 mL MR 09 0 67997 76100 0 Farmers 18% Coffee Cream (carton) 1 L MR 09 0 67997 03800 3 Farmers 35% Whipping Cream (carton) 237 mL MR 09 0 67997 75600 6 Farmers 35% Whipping Cream (carton) 473 mL MR 09 0 67997 76200 7 Farmers 35% Whipping Cream (carton) 1 L MR 09 0 67997 04600 8 Natrel 18% Coffee Cream (poly) 10 L JA 31 0 67997 01600 1 Northumberland 0.4 % Cultured Buttermilk (carton) 1 L FE 10 0 60477 66111 1 Northumberland 35% Whipping Cream (carton) 473 mL MR 09 0 60477 87111 4 Northumberland 35% Whipping Cream (carton) 1 L MR 09 0 60477 77112 4 Northumberland 18% Coffee Cream (carton) 473 mL MR 09 0 60477 00101 6 Northumberland 18% Coffee Cream (carton) 1 L MR 09 0 60477 99111 9\n\nMedia enquiries\n\nFor more information, consumers and industry can contact the CFIA by filling out the online feedback form." ]

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[ "Otofuke, Hokkaido\n\nis a town located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.", "\n\nAs of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 45,208 and a density of 97 persons per km². ", "The total area is 466.09 km².", "\n\nNotable persons from Otofuke\nAkira Ifukube composer\nTakahiro Nishikawa\nFujinokawa Takeo\n\nExternal links\n\nOfficial Website \n\nCategory:Towns in Hokkaido" ]

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[ "Do 'difficult to identify' pulmonary vein connections explain continuing high recurrence rates after atrial fibrillation ablation?", "\nDespite the emerging technical evolution of the last two decades, the primary success rate of single-procedure pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), the cornerstone for any atrial fibrillation ablation procedure, is highly variable ranging from 53% to 92%. ", "The recent development of ultra-high-density electroanatomic mapping systems, capable of acquiring and annotating multiple electrograms, with high spatiotemporal precision, which are processed by automated algorithms to generate activation and substrate maps to support and guide ablation procedures, has opened a new stage in cardiac electrophysiology. ", "In this article, we review the existing evidence on the utility of high-density mapping on catheter-based PVI, the possibility to detect pulmonary vein potentials that remain undetected when using a standard approach and its potential relevance to the clinical outcome, and how this new technology is providing novel pathophysiological insights on complete PVI and atrial fibrillation ablation outcomes." ]

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a radio tag evaluation system and a radio tag evaluation method. ", "More specifically, to a radio tag evaluation system and a radio tag evaluation method which are easily and accurately capable of evaluating performances of various types of radio tags.", "\n2. ", "Description of Background Art\nAs a system for reading information, which is given to individual objects or the like, without touching the same, a management system using radio tags (IC tags, RFIDs) has been studied.", "\nJapanese Patent Laid-open publication No. ", "2004-347443 discloses an inspection system including a transmitting antenna transmitting radio waves, a receiving antenna receiving waves reflected off a target to which the radio waves are transmitted, and a display unit displaying conditions of the radio waves received by the receiving antenna. ", "With the inspection system, radio wave reflection properties and the like of the target, to which the radio waves are transmitted, can be verified, and the conditions of installation of the target, to which the radio waves are transmitted, and which is buried in the ground, can be also verified.", "\nJapanese Patent Laid-open publication No. ", "2002-169858 discloses an article management method in which tags each including an IC chip are individually attached to articles, the IC chip storing specific information which is different from one article to another to be managed. ", "According to the management method, the articles with the tags attached thereto can be managed consistently from a manufacturing process to disposal without losing the tags.", "\nIn cases wherein the radio tags are attached respectively to components on a manufacturing site for process management, quality management and the like and in a case where the radio tags are attached to articles in a retail store for article management and the like, all of the products or articles are not given the radio tags of the same type, and it is assumed that various types of radio tags are mixed. ", "On the other hand, the performance of the radio tags transmitting data, which are stored in the IC chips, varies depending on manufacturers and specifications thereof. ", "Accordingly, it is desirable that an existing radio tag reader can read the information on the manufacturing site or in the retail store, wherein only radio tags meeting a predetermined criterion are handled.", "\nHowever, the technologies of Japanese Patent Laid-open publication No. ", "2004-347443 and Japanese Patent Laid-open publication No. ", "2002-169858 are primarily aimed at actually using the radio tags, and do not include any suggestions or considerations concerning technologies for easily and accurately measuring the performances of a number of radio tags." ]

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[ "package haxe.ui.components;\n\nimport haxe.ui.behaviours.", "Behaviour;\nimport haxe.ui.core.", "Component;\nimport haxe.ui.layouts.", "DefaultLayout;\nimport haxe.ui.geom.", "Point;\nimport haxe.ui.util.", "Variant;\n\n@:composite(VerticalRangeLayout)\nclass VerticalRange extends Range {\n //***********************************************************************************************************\n // Private API\n //***********************************************************************************************************\n @:call(VerticalRangePosFromCoord) private override function posFromCoord(coord:Point):Float;\n}\n\n//***********************************************************************************************************\n// Behaviours\n//***********************************************************************************************************\n@:dox(hide) @:noCompletion\nclass VerticalRangePosFromCoord extends Behaviour {\n public override function call(pos:Any = null):Variant {\n var range = cast(_component, Range);\n var p = cast(pos, Point);\n var ypos = p.y - range.layout.paddingTop;\n var ucy = range.layout.usableHeight;\n if (ypos >= ucy) {\n ypos = ucy;\n }\n \n var m:Float = range.max - range.min;\n var d = (ucy / m);\n var v:Float = ypos;// - (range.start * d);\n var p:Float = v / d;\n\n return (range.max - p);\n }\n}\n\n//***********************************************************************************************************\n// Composite Layout\n//***********************************************************************************************************\n@:dox(hide) @:noCompletion\nclass VerticalRangeLayout extends DefaultLayout {\n public override function resizeChildren() {\n super.resizeChildren();\n \n var range:Range = cast(component, Range);\n var value:Component = findComponent('${range.cssName}-value');\n if (value !", "= null) {\n var ucy:Float = usableHeight;\n \n var m:Float = range.max - range.min;\n var d = (ucy / m);\n var startInPixels = (range.start * d) - (range.min * d);\n var endInPixels = (range.end * d) - (range.min * d);\n var cy:Float = Math.fround(endInPixels - startInPixels);\n\n if (cy < 0) {\n cy = 0;\n } else if (cy > ucy) {\n cy = ucy;\n }\n\n if (cy == 0) {\n value.height = 0;\n value.hidden = true;\n } else {\n value.height = cy;\n value.hidden = false;\n }\n }\n }\n\n public override function repositionChildren() {\n var range:Range = cast(component, Range);\n var value:Component = findComponent('${range.cssName}-value');\n \n var ucy:Float = usableHeight;\n var m:Float = range.max - range.min;\n var d = (ucy / m);\n\n var startInPixels = (ucy - value.height) - ((range.start * d) - (range.min * d));\n value.left = paddingLeft;\n value.top = paddingTop + startInPixels;\n } \n}\n" ]

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[ "Five “Auralia’s Colors” Confessions: Old Thieves Make a Discovery\n\nThe Top 5 Confessions about Auralia’s Colors, Chapter 1: “Old Thieves Make a Discovery.”", "\n\n5. ", "In this chapter, you’ll meet Krawg and Warney for the first time. ", "Use your own imagination, but I’d cast Pete Postlethwaite as Krawg. ", "Warney? ", "Adrien Brody. ", "And they’d both be forced to drop about 50 pounds.", "\n\n4. ", "If all goes as planned, the details of Chapter One will be worth recalling when you read Chapter One of the series’ final volume (coming in 2011).", "\n\n3. ", "The first two paragraphs are almost exactly what they were when I rough-drafted the book… 10 years before WaterBrook Press published it.", "\n\n2. ", "I’m never entirely satisfied with my writing. ", "Almost all of my sentences make me want to rewrite them. ", "But not that last one. ", "No, I like that one.", "\n\n1. ", "When I named Cal-raven, I had never heard of Cal Ripken. ", "Only heard of him recently, in fact. ", "I wonder if he’s heard of Cal-raven." ]

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[ "Dec. 14, 2008 -- Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., took on his own party this morning for continuing to criticize the way President-elect Barack Obama has handled the scandal surrounding Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich.", "\n\n\"In all due respect to the Republican National Committee... I think we should try to be working constructively together, not only on an issue such as this, but on the economy stimulus package, reforms that are necessary,\" McCain said in an exclusive \"This Week\" interview with George Stephanopoulos.", "\n\nRNC Chairman Mike Duncan has released a statement every day since news broke of the Blagojevich corruption investigation calling on the Obama team to reveal all contact that they've had with the governor.", "\n\nHowever, McCain also called on the Obama transition team to publicly release all information relating to Blagojevich.", "\n\n\"I think that the Obama campaign should and will give all information necessary... I don't know all the details of the relationship between President-elect Obama's campaign or his people and the governor of Illinois, but I have some confidence that all the information will come out. ", "It always does, it seems to me,\" he said.", "\n\nMcCain argued that the disgraced governor should resign.", "\n\n\"He should,\" he said. \"", "You know, there's a lot of corruption amongst Republicans and Democrats, and this kind of thing doesn't help in these kinds of difficult economic times. ", "So I would hope that he would resign, but we also ought to look at systems that breed this kind of corruption, and unfortunately, it isn't confined to one city or one state.\"", "\n\nIn his first Sunday interview since the election, McCain explained his role in the Republican Party going forward.", "\n\n\"I think my job is, of course, to be a part of and hopefully exert some leadership in the loyal opposition... Will there be areas of disagreement? ", "Of course. ", "We are different parties and different philosophy. ", "But the nation wants us to unite and work together.\"", "\n\nWhen asked where he foresees coordinating with his former rival, McCain suggested he is willing to sign onto a stimulus plan in January.", "\n\n\"I'm willing to sign on to a package that will help our economy get fixed,\" he said. ", "On Obama's proposed economic recovery plan, McCain explained, \"I want to see the details of it... We also have to enact some fundamental reforms about the way we do business.\"", "\n\nHe also weighed in on the ongoing fight on Capitol Hill over a bailout for the Big Three auto companies.", "\n\nWhile McCain argued during the campaign that \"we've got to keep the auto industry alive,\" he joined the effort to kill the auto bailout this week in the Senate. ", "When asked why, McCain said the package under discussion did not remedy the situation.", "\n\n\"I didn't believe that this fix would keep the auto industry alive. ", "I think it just put them on some life-support system for two or three months, because they didn't make the fundamental changes, i.e. more changes in their costs and salaries and wages and benefits, which would put them in line and make them competitive with foreign manufacturers in the United States -- not foreign manufacturers overseas,\" he said.", "\n\nVice President Dick Cheney warned Senate Republicans this week that if they don't bail out the auto industry, the Republican Party will forever be known as the party of Herbert Hoover.", "\n\nIn response McCain asked, \"what is the point if you just kept at least two of the three alive for another two or three or four months? ", "You end up in the same position, only you've spent an additional $15 billion.\"", "\n\nWhen pressed further by Stephanopoulos about whether the auto companies need to go into bankruptcy, McCain said \"I think that if not bankruptcy, certainly a bankruptcy-like solution, which forces everybody to sit down at the table and redo all these agreements.\"", "\n\nMcCain also addressed the Obama transition so far, admitting that \"absolutely\" Obama's national security team could have been one that he would have picked himself.", "\n\nWhen asked what that tells him about the president-elect, McCain responded, \"[It] tells me that the president-elect is going to address national security issues with people who he thinks the American people can trust, and that he can place trust and confidence in.\"", "\n\nOn the campaign trail McCain repeatedly voiced his belief that Obama \"isn't ready\" to be commander in chief, but this morning he said \"It's not a matter of whether he's ready... He has been selected by the American people. ", "We honor that decision.\"", "\n\nOf his campaign remark that the nation will be tested if Obama were elected, McCain laughed, \"I said that because his running mate said that!\"", "\n\nFinally on the future of his running mate, McCain refused to say whether he would support Gov. Sarah Palin of Alaska if she runs for president in 2012.", "\n\n\"Oh, no. ", "Listen, I have the greatest appreciation for Gov. Palin and her family, and it was a great joy to know them. ", "She invigorated our campaign.", "\n\n\"But I can't say something like that,\" McCain said. \"", "We've got some great other young governors.\"", "\n\nWhen asked why not, given that he selected her to succeed him as president if anything were to happen to him, McCain explained, \"Now we're in a whole election cycle. ", "Have no doubt of my admiration and respect for her and my view of her viability.\"", "\n\nHe went on to joke, \"My corpse is still warm, you know?\"" ]

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[ "Trametes betulina\n\nTrametes betulina (formerly Lenzites betulina), sometimes known by common names gilled polypore, birch mazegill or multicolor gill polypore, is a species of fungus.", "\n\nAlthough it is a member of the Polyporales order, its fruiting bodies have gills instead of pores, which distinguishes it from the superficially similar Trametes versicolor or Trametes hirsuta. ", "Research has shown that it has several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunosuppressive activities.", "\n\nExternal links \n Index Fungorum\n USDA ARS Fungal Database\n “Lenzites betulina” by Robert Sasata, Healing-Mushrooms.net, September, 2007.", "\n California Fungi—Trametes betulina\n Lenzites betulina, The Mushroom Farm\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases\nCategory:Polyporaceae\nCategory:Fungi of Europe\nCategory:Fungi of North America\nCategory:Fungi described in 1838" ]

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[ "Menu\n\nNordstrom Anniversary Sale is Coming!", "\n\nFew things in life make me want to get out of bed early but the Nordstrom Anniversary sale is one of them. ", "The sale starts on July 20th but if you’re a Fashion Rewards member, you have early access to all the great Nordstrom exclusives… and there are a lot of them! ", "If you’re new to the whole Anniversary exclusive thing, get your plastic ready. ", "As part of the celebration, Nordstrom works with our favorite brands to bring you exclusive sets you will not find anywhere else. ", "There’s also great values to be had with these exclusives and who doesn’t love a good value? ", "Maybe that Capital One baby Jimmy Fallon keeps talking to in commercials.", "\n\nI’m in New York City right now and will be attending a sneak preview of the best Nordstrom has to offer for the anniversary sale so make sure you’re following me (@productgirl) and Nordstrom (@nordstrombeauty) on Twitter. ", "I’ll be tweeting sneak peeks at what’s in store for us during the sale and for the holiday season (yay!!) ", "as well. ", "Have anything you’re curious about from the sale? ", "Let me know in the comments and I’ll do my best to get your question answered! ", "For now, let’s take a peek at some of the exclusives…\n\nThere’s lots to ground to cover with this sale and there are exclusives with many of the different brands they carry. ", "If you’ve received the catalog in the mail, that’s just some of the exclusives available during the sale. ", "To me, the best collaborations are with MAC, Bobbi Brown, Laura Mercier and Trish McEvoy. ", "Those are the ones I look forward to every year, that and Deborah Lippmann’s release for the sale. ", "Here’s a peek at two of these exclusives:\n\nTrish McEvoy Brush Set – five brushes in a pink quilted makeup brush case. ", "Brushes for eyes, lips and cheeks are included in this set.", "\n\nSo what’s on your shopping list this year? ", "For me, definitely going to check out this Trish McEvoy set. ", "Her brushes are amazing and I love them to pieces. ", "Of course, whatever Deborah Lippmann puts out will be coming home with me as will some Kate Somerville goodness. ", "Oh! ", "And some of the super-sized shower gels from Philosophy. ", "Let me know what you’re looking forward to in the comments!", "\n\nDisclosure: This is a sponsored post. ", "Nordstrom is sponsoring coverage of this event on the blog, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram." ]

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[ "Influence of laser parameters on nanoparticle-induced membrane permeabilization.", "\nLight-absorbing nanoparticles that are heated by short laser pulses can transiently increase membrane permeability. ", "We evaluate the membrane permeability by flow cytometry assaying of propidium iodide and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D) using different laser sources. ", "The dependence of the transfection efficiency on laser parameters such as pulse duration, irradiant exposure, and irradiation mode is investigated. ", "For nano- and also picosecond irradiation, we show a parameter range where a reliable membrane permeabilization is achieved for 10-kDa FITC-D. Fluorescent labeled antibodies are able to penetrate living cells that are permeabilized using these parameters. ", "More than 50% of the cells are stained positive for a 150-kDa IgG antibody. ", "These results suggest that the laser-induced permeabilization approach constitutes a promising tool for targeted delivery of larger exogenous molecules into living cells." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWhy does removing all copies of a letter preserve regularity?", "\n\nLet $P(a,L)$ remove every $a$ in $L$, for example\n$$ P(a,\\{ab,aab,aaab,bba\\}) = \\{b,bb\\}. ", "$$\nHow to show that if $L$ is a regular language then $P(a, L)$ is also a regular language?", "\n\nMy attempt:\nIf $L$ is regular then $P(a, L)$ is regular. ", "Namely, let $D = (Q,Σ,δ,q_0,F)$ be a DFA for $L$. \nAssume every state in $L$ is reachable from $q_0$. Then we can turn $D$ into an NFA $N$ for $P(a, L)$ by adding a new state $q_{−1}$ which becomes the NFA’s start state. ", "For each state $q ∈ L$, we add an epsilon transition from $q_{−1}$ to $q$.\nTherefore, define $N$ to be \n$( L ∪ \\{q_{−1}\\}, Σ , δ′, q_{−1},F)$\n\nIs this the correct way to prove it?", "\n\nA:\n\nGiven an NFA or a DFA (like in your proof, if you want), we replace each arc with letter $a$ by $\\varepsilon$. We obtain an NFA for $P(a,L)$. So, $P(a,L)$ must be regular.", "\nIn details, each trace in the newly constructed NFA can be transformed back to $a$-full instance of $L$ .", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Background\n==========\n\nLow vision and blindness represent a serious public health problem. ", "The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages countries and institutions to identify the severity and causes of visual impairment in order to treat and eliminate avoidable cases of blindness \\[[@b1-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Registered patient data can provide valuable information about blindness. ", "Blindness registries are mainly established in developed countries and are maintained by state-funded organizations to provide assistance to the visually impaired \\[[@b2-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Large-scale epidemiological investigations of eye disease began in China in the 1980s, documenting the prevalence and pathological causes of visual impairment in some areas. ", "However, China has undergone rapid medical, public health, and economic improvement over the past decade \\[[@b3-medscimonit-24-317]--[@b5-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Because of the importance of public health management at all levels of government, new developments have been made to advance the prevention and treatment of eye disease at the community level. ", "Additionally, the Chinese population is rapidly aging, becoming more mobile, and advancing in socioeconomic status, which, along with other factors, may affect the rates and demographics of vision impairment and eye disease.", "\n\nWuxi, an economically developed city, is located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. ", "The Binhu District is located in the southwest area of Wuxi City. ", "To characterize the pathogenic causes of visual impairment in individuals 50 years of age or older in the region, we conducted an epidemiological study of visual impairment in the Binhu District of Wuxi City from February 2016 to August 2017. ", "We aimed to obtain a more accurate assessment of vision parameters among this population and to identify the main cause of visual impairment in this region. ", "Furthermore, we sought to provide a scientific basis for the development of a prevention and treatment strategy for blindness in Wuxi City that was based on a rigorous epidemiological investigation.", "\n\nMaterial and Methods\n====================\n\nSubjects\n--------\n\nBinhu District consists of 10 streets and its own government. ", "It has a total population of \\~460 000, which accounts for 10% of the total population of Wuxi City. ", "The target population for this study was individuals who were 50 years of age or older. ", "Prior to the formal investigation, training courses were carried out at a pilot site to ensure that the entire survey project was successfully completed. ", "Survey data were used to assess the observer protocols in visual acuity measurements and diagnoses. ", "No formal report of the data from the pilot survey is included in this article. ", "The study staff distributed recruitment materials to each household in the target community 3 to 7 days before the survey. ", "All subjects were identified as Han Chinese.", "\n\nThis survey was based on the China Nine-Province Eye Disease Investigation Program of 2006 \\[[@b6-medscimonit-24-317]\\] and was approved by the Jiangsu Provincial Health Department for compliance with medical ethics guidelines. ", "Subjects signed an informed consent form before the examination, and any patient who was diagnosed with eye disease was immediately provided with a treatment opinion. ", "This study upholds the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and follows the guiding principles approved by the Ethics Committee of our institution. ", "Based on the prevalence of bilateral blindness within a ±25% error range, an estimate of the 95% confidence level, and the Beijing Shunyi county eye disease survey of 1985 \\[[@b7-medscimonit-24-317]\\], the prevalence of blindness in the 50-year-old and above cohort was estimated to be 0.026% \\[[@b5-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Based on a theoretical response rate of 90%, the required number of samples for this study would be 5018. ", "We used a stratified cluster random sampling method, according to the China Nine-Province Eye Disease Investigation Program in 2006 \\[[@b6-medscimonit-24-317]\\], and constructed a sampling frame based on Public Security Bureau and Community Committee data. ", "Finally, we randomly sampled 30 basic sampling units with a total population of 28 450, including 6725 (23.6%) individuals over the age of 50.", "\n\nClinical examinations\n---------------------\n\nThe locations selected for our investigation were mostly community activity centers, community hospitals, or other similar places. ", "For convenience, the ophthalmologist would carry the necessary equipment to the home of some individuals for the necessary assessments. ", "All subjects underwent a full ophthalmic examination, including a review of the history of disease. ", "We used the light box of the E-word standard early diabetic retinopathy treatment study (ETDRS) vision table (Precision Vision No. ", "2305) to assess distant vision, a computer automatic refractometer (Topcon RM a 8000, Tokyo, Japan) combined with lens correction to check the refractive status and corrected visual acuity, a slit lamp microscope (YZ5F1, Suzhou visual, China) to check the ocular surface and front section, and a direct ophthalmoscope (YZ6F, Suzhou visual, China) in small pupil in the darkroom for fundus examinations. ", "If there was any refractive stromal opacity influence on the fundus examination, we used compound tropicamide eye drops (from a Japanese company) to dilate the pupil and then assess the fundus \\[[@b8-medscimonit-24-317]\\].", "\n\nVisual impairment standards were based on WHO standards, in which bilateral blindness was defined as BCVA worse than 20/400 in the better eye, and bilateral low vision was defined as BCVA 20/63 or worse, but 20/400 or better. ", "In addition to reporting bilateral visual impairment, we also present data on monocular visual impairment. ", "A cataract was defined according to established criteria \\[[@b7-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Diabetic retinopathy was defined according to diagnostic criteria for the ocular fundus group of the Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Society in 2014 \\[[@b9-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) was defined as a patient with spherical refraction greater than -6.00D that was accompanied by yellow-white fundus atrophy, posterior scleral staphyloma, or macular hemorrhage \\[[@b10-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) was divided into dry macular degeneration and wet macular degeneration; the former was mainly macular area warts and atrophy, whereas the latter was mainly exudative or neovascular macular degeneration \\[[@b11-medscimonit-24-317]\\].", "\n\nThe survey was conducted from February 2016 to August 2017. ", "With reference to the literature \\[[@b8-medscimonit-24-317]\\], community staff and ophthalmologists who were trained by the epidemiological investigators carried out household and basic information registration. ", "Clinical ophthalmology examinations were performed by 5 ophthalmologists. ", "If the principal cause of visual impairment was in question, a consensus was reached by consultation with 2 senior ophthalmologists based on general and ocular records. ", "All results were entered in the standard form of an ophthalmology epidemiology survey form. ", "The overall survey was conducted by a chief physician. ", "The examining ophthalmologist made the primary diagnoses for residents with visual impairment. ", "If the main causes of visual impairment were in question, a consensus was reached by discussion with 2 senior ophthalmologists based on general and ocular records. ", "In eyes in which 2 or more diseases may have caused visual impairment, we considered the condition that would cause the greatest impact on visual impairment to be the primary diagnosis.", "\n\nData analysis\n-------------\n\nWe performed statistical analyses using SPSS Statistics version 17.0 (IBM/SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ", "Differences between 2 groups were assessed using the *t* test or Fisher exact test. ", "The incidence of visual impairment was calculated based on a stratified age (age 50--59, 60--69, 70--79, and ≥80 years old). ", "Using the exponential function of 2 parameters to represent the change in prevalence of visual impairment with age {prevalence=b1\\*exp (b2\\*age)}, we used the χ^2^ test to analyze categorical variables and defined P≤0.05 as a threshold for statistically significant differences.", "\n\nResults\n=======\n\nAmong 6725 eligible subjects, there were slightly more responding cases -- 6150 (91.44%) -- than the expected value (90%). ", "The reasons for not including subjects was classified as follows: temporarily left the examination area (145), had a busy schedule (125), psychological or physical illness (121), refused to participate in the investigation and/or worried about the exam causing eye damage (94), and thought that it is meaningless to conduct an eye examination for the elderly (90). ", "The mean age ± standard deviation of the 6150 participants was greater than that of the 575 non-participants (60.8±10.1 and 59.41±9.9 years, respectively; P\\<0.001, unpaired *t* test), and there was a higher percentage of women among the participants (male-to-female ratio, 2826: 3324 *vs.* 304: 271; P\\<0.001, χ^2^ test).", "\n\nUsing the WHO standard, the prevalence of low vision was 1.7% among adults who were 50--59 years old, and increased to 29.9% (P\\<0.001) in subjects ≥80 years old, with an overall prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3--6.5). ", "For individuals aged 50--59 and ≥80 years, the corresponding low visual acuity data for PVA were 3.3% and 39.1% (P\\<0.001), respectively, with an overall prevalence rate of 8.2%. ", "The rates of prevalence of best corrected and presenting blindness were 0.9% and 1.0%, respectively ([Table 1](#t1-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nAccording to the WHO standard, the rate of prevalence of bilateral visual impairment among women was higher than that among men (low vision: 6.5% *vs.* 5.2% \\[OR {odds ratio}, 1.285\\]; and blindness: 1.4% *vs.* 0.8% \\[OR, 1.674\\]; χ^2^=5.248, P=0.022 and χ^2^=4.279, P=0.039, respectively; [Tables 2](#t2-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"} and [3](#t3-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Additionally, we observed that the prevalence of bilateral visual impairment significantly increased with age (χ^2^=492.271, P\\<0.001; χ^2^=94.212, P\\<0.001; [Tables 4](#t4-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"} and [5](#t5-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "Age was found to be related to bilateral low vision or blind exponential function ([Figures 1](#f1-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [2](#f2-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ", "The prevalence of visual impairment in both eyes increased exponentially with age (R^2^=0.984, F=123.143, P=0.008; R^2^=0.989, F=176.740, P=0.006).", "\n\nUsing the WHO standard, the main reasons for bilateral low vision were cataract (50.00%), MMD (15.85%), and AMD (15.30%). ", "The main reasons for bilateral blindness were cataract (48.43%), MMD (10.93%), eyeball (absent/atrophy; 7.81%), corneal opacity, and glaucoma (6.25%). ", "The main reasons for monocular low vision were cataract (55.38%), MMD (12.6%), and AMD (9.71%). ", "The main reasons for monocular blindness were cataract (47.37%), eyeball absent/atrophy (8.27%), and AMD ([Table 6](#t6-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}).", "\n\nDiscussion\n==========\n\nLow vision and blindness cause serious psychological harm to affected individuals and their families, and represents an important public health problem. ", "The WHO, other international organizations, and some countries have worked to reduce the global blindness burden as quickly as possible with a goal of eliminating avoidable cases blindness by the year 2020 \\[[@b12-medscimonit-24-317],[@b13-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "If we can accurately identify the causes of eye disease related to blindness and low vision, especially for diseases of the fundus, we can then establish a basis for a robust system for blindness prevention and treatment. ", "Based on the investigation methods of Zhao et al. ", "\\[[@b7-medscimonit-24-317]\\], we conducted an epidemiological investigation of eye disease in the Binhu District of Wuxi City in China using stratified random sampling.", "\n\nThis study assessed the prevalence and etiology of low vision and blindness in adults who were aged 50 years and older. ", "We observed severe visual impairment in adults who were over 70 years of age ([Figures 1](#f1-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [2](#f2-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"fig\"}), which may be a consequence of the high rate of incidence of AMD, such as cataracts and macular degeneration, as well as the lack of appropriate early treatment of eye-related diseases. ", "Additionally, we identified a trend for a higher likelihood of visual impairment in women compared with men ([Tables 2](#t2-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}, [3](#t3-medscimonit-24-317){ref-type=\"table\"}). ", "This finding was consistent with that of both the China Nine-Province Survey (female-to-male OR of 1.41 for low vision and 1.51 for blindness) \\[[@b14-medscimonit-24-317]\\] and other eye studies conducted in China and other countries \\[[@b15-medscimonit-24-317],--[@b17-medscimonit-24-317]\\].", "\n\nIn our study, we found that the frequencies of bilateral blindness, monocular blindness, bilateral low vision, and monocular low vision were 1.04%, 2.16%, 5.95%, and 6.19%, respectively. ", "Compared with previous studies of eye disease \\[[@b7-medscimonit-24-317],[@b14-medscimonit-24-317]\\], the rates of incidence of bilateral blindness, and both binocular and monocular low vision were low, whereas the prevalence of monocular blindness was relatively high. ", "Among these criteria, the low prevalence of bilateral blindness was related to local economic levels and the implementation of policies to prevent and treat blindness. ", "However, the prevalence of monocular blindness was also high, perhaps because the vision in the other eye was sufficient for everyday life, so these patients may have chosen not to treat their eye disease. ", "Our analyses of the prevalence of visual impairment in different age groups showed that the prevalence of visual impairment gradually increased with age. ", "Our data are consistent with the findings of epidemiological studies carried out in China and elsewhere \\[[@b17-medscimonit-24-317]--[@b20-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "In the present survey, the prevalence of low vision and blindness in individuals over age 80 years was higher than that of individuals of other age groups, indicating that future prevention of blindness should focus on the elderly, especially in the oldest age groups. ", "However, only 327 individuals who were older than 80 years old were surveyed, so our conclusion needs to be confirmed in additional, larger cohorts.", "\n\nIn the present study, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment in individuals who were 50 years old or older, which indicates that the prevention and treatment of blindness in the Binhu District of Wuxi City should largely focus on treatment of cataract. ", "Hospitals and governments should develop additional plans to increase both the rate of surgery and availability of treatment. ", "Compared with the results of a survey conducted in the 1980s \\[[@b21-medscimonit-24-317]\\], glaucoma and trachoma complications are no longer leading causes of blindness, as they have been replaced by MMD, eye loss/atrophy, and AMD. ", "This finding is consistent with findings that visual impairment cases are frequently caused by fundus lesions in Beijing, Shanghai, and other places \\[[@b22-medscimonit-24-317]--[@b24-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "The rising prevalence of MMD and AMD may mainly be a consequence of social factors, such as the aging population and increases in economic levels. ", "The increased prevalence of eye loss or atrophy was mainly a consequence of ocular trauma. ", "In the present study, only bilateral blindness (4 cases, 2.5%) and monocular blindness (6 cases, 4.51%) were definitively diagnosed in those with glaucoma. ", "We believe that this result may be slightly underestimated, likely because of the presence of severe cataract, which makes observing optic nerve changes associated with glaucoma difficult.", "\n\nCurrently, the level of economic development in Wuxi City and the degree of population aging throughout China are at a high level \\[[@b8-medscimonit-24-317]\\]. ", "In the future, in the developed areas of Jiangsu Province, we need to continue to make efforts to increase the coverage of cataract surgery and reduce the occurrence of treatable blindness and low vision. ", "Additionally, we need to improve our ability to treat ophthalmic diseases, especially the diagnosis and treatment of fundus disease. ", "We should also improve the condition of community hospitals and encourage training of general practitioners in the diagnosis of eye diseases, especially MMD, AMD, and diabetic retinopathy. ", "Achieving these goals will require long-term screening, early detection, early treatment, and regular follow-up to prevent further visual impairment in affected individuals.", "\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nResults of the present study suggest that the prevalence of visual impairment remains high in the Binhu District of Wuxi City, China, especially among older women. ", "Cataracts remain the leading cause of visual impairment. ", "We need to continue to increase access to cataract surgery and improve the ability to treat ophthalmic diseases, especially the diagnosis and treatment of fundus disease.", "\n\n**Source of support:** Departmental sources\n\n{#f1-medscimonit-24-317}\n\n{#f2-medscimonit-24-317}\n\n###### \n\nAge-and gender-specific prevalence of visual impairment based on the low vision and blindness definitions of the WHO(CI=confidence interval).", "\n\n Group age (yrs) Low vision Blindness \n ----------------- ------------ -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- ----------------\n Female 50--59 24 1.9 (1.2--2.9) 47 3.8 (2.8--5.1) 3 0.2 (0.0--0.7) 4 0.3 (0.0--0.8)\n 60--69 56 3.9 (3.0--5.1) 102 7.2 (5.9--8.7) 11 0.7 (0.3--1.3) 13 0.9 (0.4--1.5) \n 70--79 85 15.7 (12.7--19.0) 113 20.9 (17.5--24.6) 15 2.7 (1.5--4.5) 14 2.5 (1.4--4.3) \n ≥80 54 32.9 (25.7--40.6) 66 40.2 (32.6--48.1) 11 6.7 (3.3--11.6) 12 7.3 (3.8--12.4) \n Total 219 6.5 (5.7--7.4) 328 9.8 (8.8--10.9) 47 1.4 (10.4--18.7) 43 1.2 (0.9--1.7) \n Male 50--59 14 1.4 (0.7--2.3) 27 2.7 (1.8--3.9) 4 0.4 (0.1--1.0) 4 0.4 (0.1--1.0)\n 60--69 35 2.9 (2.0--4.0) 59 4.9 (3.7--6.3) 7 0.5 (0.2--1.2) 9 0.7 (0.3--1.4) \n 70--79 54 10.9 (8.3--13.9) 77 15.5 (12.4--19.0) 5 1.0 (0.3--2.3) 5 1.0 (0.3--2.3) \n ≥80 44 26.9 (20.3--34.4) 62 38.0 (30.5--45.9) 8 4.9 (2.1--9.4) 9 5.5 (2.5--10.2) \n Total 147 5.2 (4.4--6.0) 225 7.9 (6.9--9.0) 24 0.8 (0.5--1.2) 27 0.9 (0.6--1.3) \n All 50--59 38 1.7 (1.2--2.3) 74 3.3 (2.6--4.2) 7 0.3 (0.1--0.6) 8 0.3 (0.1--0.7)\n 60--69 91 3.4 (2.8--4.2) 161 6.1 (5.2--7.1) 18 0.6 (0.4--1.0) 22 0.8 (0.5--1.2) \n 70--79 139 13.4 (7.4--10.3) 190 18.3 (10.4--13.7) 20 1.9 (0.7--1.9) 19 1.8 (0.7--1.8) \n ≥80 98 29.9 (25.0--35.2) 128 39.1 (33.8--44.6) 19 5.8 (3.5--8.9) 21 6.4 (4.0--9.6) \n **Total** **366** **5.4 (5.3--6.5)** **553** **8.2 (8.2--9.7)** **64** **0.9 (0.8--1.3)** **70** **1.0 (0.8--1.4)** \n\n###### \n\nComparison of low vision with gender.", "\n\n Gender No. ", "of participants No. ", " Prevalence (%) OR χ^2^ P value\n -------- --------------------- ----- ------------------- ------- ---------\n Male 2826 147 5.2 \n Female 3324 219 6.51.285 5.248 0.022\n\n###### \n\nComparison of blindness with gender.", "\n\n Gender No. ", "of participants No. ", " Prevalence (%) OR χ^2^ P value\n -------- --------------------- ----- ------------------- ------- ---------\n Male 2826 24 0.8 \n Female 3324 47 1.41.674 4.279 0.039\n\n###### \n\nComparison of low vision in different age groups.", "\n\n Gender No. ", "of participants No. ", " Prevalence (%) OR χ^2^ P value\n -------- --------------------- ----- ------------------- --------- ---------\n 50--59 2187 38 1.7 \n 60--69 2601 91 3.4 \n 70--79 1575 139 13.4 \n ≥80 327 98 29.9 492.271 \\<0.001\n\n###### \n\nFrequency of blindness in different age groups.", "\n\n Gender No. ", "of participants No. ", " Prevalence (%) OR χ^2^ P value\n -------- --------------------- ----- ------------------- -------- ---------\n 50--59 2187 7 0.3 \n 60--69 2601 18 0.6 \n 70--79 1575 20 1.9 \n ≥80 327 19 5.8 94.212 \\<0.001\n\n###### \n\nDistribution of principal causes of bilateral and monocular blindness and low vision using the World Health Organization standard.", "\n\n Bilateral Monocular \n ---------------------------------- -------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------\n Cataract 31 (48.43) 183 (50.00) 63 (47.37) 211 (55.38) 274 (53.31)\n MMD 7 (10.93) 58 (15.85) 8 (6.02) 48 (12.60) 56 (10.89)\n Eyeball (absent/atrophy) 5 (7.81) 1 (0.27) 11 (8.27) 3 (0.79) 14 (2.72)\n AMD 3 (4.68) 5 (1.37) 4 (3.00) 6 (1.57) 10 (1.95)\n Cornea opacity 3 (4.68) 56 (15.30) 9 (6.77) 37 (9.71) 46 (8.95)\n Cornea opacity 4 (6.25) 10 (2.73) 8 (6.02) 10 (2.62) 18 (3.50)\n Amblyopia 0 (0.00) 11 (3.00) 1 (0.75) 14 (3.67) 15 (2.92)\n Posterior capsular opacification 1 (1.56) 9 (2.46) 5 (3.76) 13 (3.41) 18 (3.50)\n Glaucoma 4 (6.25) 5 (1.37) 6 (4.51) 15 (3.94) 21 (4.09)\n Retinal detachment 1 (1.56) 1 (0.27) 3 (2.26) 4 (1.05) 7 (1.36)\n Diabetic retinopathy 2 (3.12) 8 (2.19) 3 (2.26) 5 (1.31) 8 (1.56)\n Refractive error 0 (0.00) 9 (2.46) 0 (0.00) 14 (3.67) 14 (2.72)\n Other/undeterminable 3 (4.68) 10 (2.73) 12 (9.02) 1 (0.26) 13 (2.53)\n **Total** **64 (100)** **366 (100)** **133 (100)** **381 (100)** **514 (100)**\n\nMMD -- high myopic macular degeneration; AMD -- age-related macular degeneration.", "\n\n[^1]: Study Design\n\n[^2]: Data Collection\n\n[^3]: Statistical Analysis\n\n[^4]: Data Interpretation\n\n[^5]: Manuscript Preparation\n\n[^6]: Literature Search\n\n[^7]: Funds Collection\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to expand the snippet with only part of the trigger?", "\n\nI have vim with UltiSnips and it's working but only if I write the whole trigger. ", "Is there a way to expand the snippet writing only a part of the trigger? ", "I used to work with SnipMate and that works.", "\ne.g.: If I have a trigger like follows: \nsnippet someTrigger\nblah blah\nendsnippet\n\nIt expand the snippet when I type:\nsomeTrigger<tab>\n\nBut it doesn't when I type\nsome<tab>\n\nA:\n\nUltisnips also offers an API usually mapped to <C-Tab> UltiSnips#ListSnippets(), you should use that in case you want to avoid typing the entire snippet name, although the chances of clashes will be more.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Clinical testing of CSF circulation in hydrocephalus.", "\nRecent 'NPH Dutch trial' has re-emphasised the importance of the resistance to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow (Rcsf) in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. ", "We re-evaluated the clinical utility of the physiological measurements revealing CSF dynamics. ", "The results were summarized from our previous publications. ", "The Computerised Infusion Test was designed to perform quick and low-invasive assessment of CSF dynamics described by parameters as Rcsf, brain compliance, elasticity coefficient, estimated sagittal sinus pressure, CSF formation rate and other variables. ", "Overnight ICP monitoring with quantitative analysis of CSF dynamics was used in those cases where infusion study was unreliable or producing results close to the borderline. ", "We found that the threshold of normal and increased Rcsf should be age-matched because in patients older than 55 Rcsf increases 0.2 mm Hg/(ml/min) per year (p < 0.04: N = 56). ", "Rcsf was positively correlated with cerebral autoregulation (R = 0.41; p < 0.03; N = 36) indicating that in patients with symptoms of NPH but normal Rcsf underlying cerebrovascular disease is more frequent. ", "Computerized infusion tests and overnight ICP monitoring are useful diagnostic technique alone or in conjunction with other forms of physiological measurement." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "package com.intellij.tapestry.lang;\n\nimport com.intellij.ide.highlighter.", "XmlFileHighlighter;\nimport com.intellij.lexer.", "Lexer;\nimport com.intellij.openapi.editor.colors.", "TextAttributesKey;\nimport com.intellij.psi.tree.", "IElementType;\nimport com.intellij.tapestry.psi.", "TelTokenType;\nimport com.intellij.tapestry.psi.", "TmlHighlightingLexer;\nimport org.jetbrains.annotations.", "NotNull;\n\n/**\n * @author Alexey Chmutov\n */\npublic class TmlHighlighter extends XmlFileHighlighter {\n\n @NotNull\n @Override\n public Lexer getHighlightingLexer() {\n return new TmlHighlightingLexer();\n }\n\n @Override\n public TextAttributesKey @NotNull [] getTokenHighlights(IElementType tokenType) {\n return tokenType instanceof TelTokenType\n ? ", "TelHighlighter.getTokenHighlightsStatic(tokenType)\n : super.getTokenHighlights(tokenType);\n }\n\n}\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

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[ "Intracranial plasma cell granuloma with genetic analysis.", "\nPlasma cell granuloma of the central nervous system is rare and less than 30 cases have been reported in literature. ", "A 64-year-old woman complained of headache, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed a tumour at the right anterior-third parasagittal region which led us to diagnose a parasagittal meningioma. ", "We performed total resection of the tumour and the pathological diagnosis was plasma cell granuloma. ", "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements produced no monoclonal band. ", "This patient underwent no supplementary treatment and no recurrent tumour was observed for 3 years. ", "A case of plasma cell granuloma which is diagnosed with genetic analysis is presented. ", "An analysis of the clonality using the PCR procedure would play an important role in supporting the pathological and clinical diagnosis." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0003077870113881194, 0.00007181844297615628, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.00005406574394463668 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHSQL: How to save next value of sequence into a variable?", "\n\nI am using HSQL and inside my stored procedure I need to save the \"NEXT VALUE FOR MY_SEQUENCE\" into a variable. ", "How do I do this?", "\nCREATE PROCEDURE MYPROCEDURE(\nIN PARAM1 NUMERIC)\nMODIFIES SQL DATA\nBEGIN ATOMIC\nDECLARE NEXTID NUMERIC;\nSELECT NEXT VALUE FOR MY_SEQUENCE INTO NEXTID FROM MY_TABLE;\nINSERT INTO MY_TABLE(ID, COLUMN1) VALUES(NEXTID, PARAM1);\nEND;\n\nProblem: \nThe variable NEXTID is returning null.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt looks like the problem is with the SELECT ... INTO statement. ", "MY_TABLE has no rows or has more than one row and the NEXTID variable is not assigned to.", "\nYou can try direct assignment with the latest versions of HSQLDB:\nSET NEXTID = NEXT VALUE FOR MY_SEQUENCE\n\nWith older versions of HSQLDB, you need to have a table with only one row and select from this table to assign to the sequence. ", "When the Oracle compatibility mode is set, the DUAL table can be used. ", "Otherwise create your own table with a single row.", "\nSELECT NEXT VALUE FOR MY_SEQUENCE INTO NEXTID FROM DUAL;\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0, 0, 0, 0.00003881786657005331, 0, 0.00012624668602449185, 0.000053863832232117214, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "education\n\nUpdated: Jun 17, 2015 15:06 IST\n\nOver 630,000 students will have to take the All-India Pre-Medical Test afresh in four weeks after the Supreme Court on Monday scrapped it due to large-scale irregularities but experts fear protracted admission delays after the CBSE indicated the time-frame was not enough.", "\n\n\n\nA bench of justices RK Agarwal and Amitava Roy also ordered that all institutes involved in the AIPMT exam process must cooperate with the CBSE to conduct the retest.", "\n\nThe bench said that although the re-conduct of the examination would consume time and cause inconvenience but to maintain the \"impeccable and irrefutable\" credibility of examination \"this is the price, the stakeholders would have to suffer\".", "\n\n\"We are not unaware that in holding the present examination as well as in participating in the exercise, all genuinely concerned have put in tireless efforts. ", "All these however have been rendered futile by a handful of elements seeking to reap undue financial gain by subjecting the process to their evil manoeuvres.", "\n\n\"We have thus no hesitation to order that the All India Pre-Medical and Pre-Dental Test stands cancelled. ", "CBSE would now have to hold a fresh examination at the earliest... We direct the Board, in the attendant of facts and circumstances to hold the examination within a period of four weeks from today,\" the bench said.", "\n\nThe top court rejected the CBSE’s argument that cancelling the test would be unfair when only 44 students had been booked for unfair practices and said the entire examination process stood vitiated.", "\n\n\n\n\"The bigger issue is that the sanctity of the examination is under suspicion. ", "We want to be doubly sure that there is no alternative but to order re-conduct of the exam,\" a two-judge SC bench said.", "\n\nThe court was hearing a batch of petitions filed by candidates, who wrote the exam, seeking its cancellation.", "\n\nTalking on the possibility of conducting the retest within four weeks, CBSE Public Relations Officer (PRO) Rama Sharma told HT that the board is discussing and deliberating the matter and will come out with an official reaction later in the day.", "\n\nHowever, sources in CBSE said it would be very difficult to conduct the exam in four weeks time.", "\n\nExperts agreed that it was impossible to conduct a nationwide pen-and-paper test within four weeks but warned any further jam was likely to rob students’ of alternative academic options because admissions to colleges and other medical institutions would close by then.", "\n\n\n\nThe examination is used to fill up over 3,800 coveted medical seats – around 15% of the total -- and students fear the four-week window is not enough to prepare for the tough examination, which tests their knowledge of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.", "\n\n\n\n“I am so tense now. ", "Again I have to study and this time I don’t know how difficult the papers would be. ", "Unlike previous years, the pattern of papers was different this year. ", "Now again a great uncertainty has set in,” said 19-year-old Swaraj Mishra in Bhopal.", "\n\n\n\nReacting to the SC decision, AIPMT aspirant Divya Kasana of Hanimangarh (Rajasthan) said retest will be beneficial for all those who took the exam, since reports of alleged paper leak and cheating had created apprehension among them about the fairness of the test this year. ", "Scores of AIPMT aspirants coaching in Kota want a re-test, she added.", "\n\nAIPMT aspirant Harshita Bhardwaj from Tonk (Rajasthan) said, \"SC orders for re-test is not beneficial for the aspirants as she is confused whether to prepare for AIPMT again or participate in counselling of State PMT's on their selection.” ", "However, she admitted that declaration of results would certainly have put a question mark on the credibility of the exam since it has faced blames of alleged cheating and paper leak. ", "experts\n\nDelhi's Gaurang Goswami was shocked when he heard on Monday that the Supreme Court had cancelled the All India Pre-Medical Test (AIPMT) because of allegations of widespread irregularities, including mass cheating.", "\n\n\n\n“At first, the delays in announcing the result made me feel that they would not cancel the test. ", "But when they did, it came as a shocker,” Goswami said.", "\n\n\n\nGoswami gave the test for the first time in May after preparing for it since the time he was in Class 11. ", "He dreams of being a neurosurgeon.", "\n\n\n\n“Yes, we have to sit for the test again but I feel it is worth it. ", "There are many seats on offer in prime government colleges,” he told Hindustan Times.", "\n\nGoswami said: “It will be back to the studying table for a lot of us. ", "We have had to attempt several tests over the last few months, so I don’t expect a lot of us will face much trouble in recalling facts.”", "\n\n“I feel the Supreme Court’s decision is just,” said Poonam (name changed), another Delhi student.", "\n\n\n\n“I am quite certain that many candidates might have benefitted by resorting to cheating. ", "And it would be difficult for the law to identify every single one of them. ", "It would be a loss to all those who gave the exam after studying for it very hard.”", "\n\n“So even if I were to say, get admission in some far-off place, I would certainly keep an eye on AIPMT because I want to stay in my hometown,” said Poonam.", "\n\n\n\n“The AIPMT on May 3 was surprising and a bit on the difficult side because of that,” Poonam said. “", "The retest will certainly help us, now that we know we have to expect the unexpected.”", "\n\n\n\n“Giving the test again adds to the stress we are already in. ", "Most other colleges have either closed admissions or are in the process of counselling,” said another Delhi student Madhur Sharma, who wants to be a psychiatrist.", "\n\nThe exam results, which were to be declared by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on June 5, have been at the centre of controversy since the irregularities were discovered.", "\n\nOn the last hearing, the apex court had come on heavily on CBSE, questioning the education body on its security measures to prevent such practices.", "\n\n\"You (CBSE) are an institution conducting the exam. ", "Why did you not take precautions? ", "This modus operandi was followed last year also. ", "You must have been aware,\" the bench had said while reserving its order for June 15.", "\n\nThe CBSE was scheduled to declare the AIPMT results on June 5, but the declaration was postponed after the apex court on June 3 directed the board not to do so till June 10 in the light of the allegations.", "\n\nThe SC had also given Haryana police a week to find the real beneficiaries of the illegal practices followed in the exam. ", "The court wanted these students to be identified so they can be eliminated when the results are declared.", "\n\nLarge-scale irregularities, including leakage of answer keys, had come to the light earlier, with the investigators informing the court that the answer keys of 123 questions were transmitted through 75 mobile phones in states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Haryana.", "\n\nA day before the SC verdict, Hindustan Times’ report on a further delay in declaring the results on June 12 evoked responses from a large number of students and those affected by the developments.", "\n\nRead:\n\n(With inputs from Satya Prakash, Harikrishnan Nair and Shradha Chettri from Dehi and Aabshar from Kota)\n\nAIPMT results cancelled: SC order came as shocker, say aspirants\n\nSC verdict in AIPMT matter on June 15; students, colleges anxious\n\n\n\nAIPMT suspected leak: Candidates want re-exam" ]

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[ "By Footymad PreviewerLast updated : 25 January 2003\n\nDefender Gurney plundered his seventh goal of the season with a majestic 35th minute volley as resurgent Swindon kept their faint play-off hopes alive with a third win in four games.", "\n\nAussie Danny Invincibile put Andy King's men ahead on 24 minutes when he thundered in his sixth goal of the campaign.", "\n\nMidfielder Invincibile hooked the ball past fellow Aussie John Filan from 16 yards after the influential Gurney had played him through.", "\n\nGurney doubled Wigan's woes just 11 minutes later when he thumped in Swindon's second after 18-goal top scorer Sam Parkin had nodded the ball into his path.", "\n\nWigan winger Scott McCulloch grabbed a 55th minute consolation goal with a close-range header, but it was not enough to save the Lancashire leaders from slipping to their first defeat since late August.", "\n\n\"No doubt this will go down as a crisis, but that is not the case, our unbeaten run had to go sometime.", "\n\n\"We've had a good innings so I can't be too hard on my players and hopefully we can go on another run now.\"", "\nSwindon manager Andy King shunned all talk of a surprise promotion push and instead paid tribute to his courageous players.", "\n\nKing said: \"We showed great determination, spirit and desire and I was delighted with the way we played.", "\n\n\"We were tremendous in the first half but I expected Wigan to come at us with all guns blazing in the second half so I was delighted we managed to hold on.", "\n\n\"Danny Invincibile in particular was outstanding, but all of my players deserved pat on the back. ", "Wigan are a very attacking side but we marshalled them well.\"" ]

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[ "Energy-based modelling to assess effects of chemicals on Caenorhabditis elegans: a case study on uranium.", "\nThe ubiquitous free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful animal model for measuring the evolutionary effects of pollutants which is increasingly used in (eco) toxicological studies. ", "Indeed, toxicity tests with this nematode can provide in a few days data on the whole life cycle. ", "These data can be analysed with mathematical tools such as toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic modelling approaches. ", "In this study, we assessed how a chronic exposure to a radioactive heavy metal (uranium) affects the life-cycle of C. elegans using a mechanistic model. ", "In order to achieve this, we exposed individuals to a range of seven concentrations of uranium. ", "Growth and reproduction were followed daily. ", "These data were analysed with a model for nematodes based on the Dynamic Energy Budget theory, able to handle a wide range of plausible biological parameters values. ", "Parameter estimations were performed using a Bayesian framework. ", "Our results showed that uranium affects the assimilation of energy from food with a no-effect concentration (NEC) of 0.42 mM U which would be the threshold for effects on both growth and reproduction. ", "The sensitivity analysis showed that the main contributors to the model output were parameters linked to the feeding processes and the actual exposure concentration. ", "This confirms that the real exposure concentration should be measured accurately and that the feeding parameters should not be fixed, but need to be reestimated during the parameter estimation process." ]

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[ "There’s a lot of cynicism in the world now, and something that I find depressingly common is the notion that “following your dreams” is a trite phrase only for children. ", "That there’s no reason to waste your time chasing something that could practically be considered a statistical impossibility in the first place. ", "I disagree.", "\n\nMy father is the “Rick” in Heir of Rick. ", "He could always draw anything I desired at the drop of a (top) hat. ", "I wanted to be like him. ", "I wanted to be an art wizard, capable of conjuring any creature with a wave of my magic wand. ", "With a few quick strikes, I would be able to create wonder and joy, just like he could. ", "I always had it in my head that, if I were to be anything as an adult, I would be a master artist. ", "That was the dream.", "\n\nAs I got older, my dream became more and more fantastical. ", "I imagined I would be like my new heroes on the Internet: webcomic artists, who spun tale after tale week after week. ", "I discovered online animators, and my dream only grew. ", "I would create animations, my own fully animated music videos. ", "And my dream kept spiraling; I wouldn’t just animate, I would be an animation director. ", "I would unleash all kinds of cartoons and comics and drawings onto the world. ", "It was my wildest fantasy. ", "An impossible dream.", "\n\nWhen I made it to college, I quickly realized I was nowhere near as good as anyone around me. ", "In a flash, I gave up on all my wild dreams. ", "I largely stopped drawing, with only a doodle here and there outside of the art class I didn’t drop out of, committing myself to other activities. ", "But the dream still lingered. ", "Then in February of 2011, I was introduced to this little cartoon you may have heard of, with magical ponies, friendship, and songs. ", "And I loved it. ", "I loved it so much, I dusted off my old art supplies and drew a big, smiling pony. ", "And then I drew another. ", "And another, and another. ", "And I drew Pokémon again, and my own original characters, and all kinds of dumb stuff.", "\n\nAnd then one fateful day, remembering that silly dream of maintaining my own webcomic, like my heroes, I started posting my drawings to tumblr. ", "And I would get likes, and reblogs, comments, and asks. ", "And I realized that I was reaching people. ", "I was touching their lives in some small way, adding wonder and joy. ", "And it was a dream come true. ", "I would go into reddit threads and do drawn responses, and with a wave of my magic wand, I could brighten peoples’ day. ", "My follower count grew slowly over the years, but I did not care. ", "If I could get 20 followers, that would be magical. ", "I was flabbergasted the day I reached 100 followers. ", "And when I reached 1,000 followers it was truly unreal. ", "People were coming week after week to see what wonderfully stupid new thing the Heir of Rick had cooked up. ", "And then, because of my drawn responses, I was given the opportunity to collaborate on a genuine, bonafide animated music video. ", "I traveled across the country to see it premiere live. ", "It was met with applause. ", "I was signing autographs afterward. ", "As of right now, it has been viewed over three million times.", "\n\nBut of course, the best part of it all was meeting the most wonderful, creative, encouraging, absolutely fantastic friends in the whole world. ", "Encountering people like them was something I didn’t dream of even in my wildest fantasies.", "\n\nI never did become a master artist, able to draw anything at the drop of a top hat (frankly, I consider myself the worst artist in the fandom). ", "I never became the next Awkward Zombie. ", "And I’m certainly not pumping out a new animation every week. ", "I did not achieve my wildest dream. ", "But it was not a waste of time to pursue it. ", "I would say the time I spent chasing this “impossible dream” was the most personally fulfilling thing I’ve ever done with my life.", "\n\nAnd so I say to you now, follow your dreams. (", "You have to be responsible about it of course!) ", "But follow your dreams. ", "Where you end up may be completely different than where you imagined you would, but if it truly is something you are passionate about, something fulfilling, you won’t even notice. ", "You’ll be too busy enjoying the journey. ", "I see so many up-and-coming artists on tumblr, and I get excited to think they’re at the very beginning of the same incredible journey I’m experiencing. ", "And if someone with my meager skill could get all of this, I can only imagine what magical doors they’ll unlock.", "\n\nSo don’t give up on your dreams, at least not entirely. ", "Don’t stop believing in yourself. ", "And continue to be absolutely fantastic.", "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ntumblr" ]

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[ "// Protocol Buffers for Go with Gadgets\n//\n// Copyright (c) 2013, The GoGo Authors. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n// http://github.com/gogo/protobuf\n//\n// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are\n// met:\n//\n// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.", "\n// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above\n// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer\n// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the\n// distribution.", "\n//\n// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS\n// \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR\n// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. ", "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT\n// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,\n// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT\n// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,\n// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY\n// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT\n// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE\n// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", "\n\npackage gogoproto\n\nimport google_protobuf \"github.com/gogo/protobuf/protoc-gen-gogo/descriptor\"\nimport proto \"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto\"\n\nfunc IsEmbed(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\treturn proto.", "GetBoolExtension(field.", "Options, E_Embed, false)\n}\n\nfunc IsNullable(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\treturn proto.", "GetBoolExtension(field.", "Options, E_Nullable, true)\n}\n\nfunc IsStdTime(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\treturn proto.", "GetBoolExtension(field.", "Options, E_Stdtime, false)\n}\n\nfunc IsStdDuration(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\treturn proto.", "GetBoolExtension(field.", "Options, E_Stdduration, false)\n}\n\nfunc NeedsNilCheck(proto3 bool, field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\tnullable := IsNullable(field)\n\tif field.", "IsMessage() || IsCustomType(field) {\n\t\treturn nullable\n\t}\n\tif proto3 {\n\t\treturn false\n\t}\n\treturn nullable || *field.", "Type == google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto_TYPE_BYTES\n}\n\nfunc IsCustomType(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\ttyp := GetCustomType(field)\n\tif len(typ) > 0 {\n\t\treturn true\n\t}\n\treturn false\n}\n\nfunc IsCastType(field *google_protobuf.", "FieldDescriptorProto) bool {\n\ttyp := GetCastType(field)\n\tif len(typ) > 0 {\n\t\treturn true\n\t}\n\treturn false\n}\n\nfunc 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[ "Q:\n\nAmazon instant Video\n\nI'm currently experiencing an error in the Amazon instant Video that reads that the player was unable to update. ", " I download the flash player required but still the problem in Firefox and Ubuntu Web browser in Ubuntu 14.04 lts. ", " Can someone help me?", "\n\nA:\n\nType the following commands on a terminal to get it working - \nsudo add-apt-repository ppa:mjblenner/ppa-hal\n\nsudo apt-get update \n\nsudo apt-get install hal\n\nsudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi/preprobe\n\nsudo mkdir /etc/hal/fdi/information\n\n/usr/sbin/hald --daemon=yes --verbose=yes\n\nrm -rf ~/.adobe\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "Q:\n\nWhy does this pattern not match after the “-”?", "\n\nI have the following pattern which should work in C++ regex, perl and grep. ", " Does anyone know why the string of 0000 is not matching after the minus sign -?", "\n$ echo AB 00000-0000 | grep -Po \"(\\w{2}\\s*\\d{5}(−\\d{4})?)\"", "\nAB 00000\n$ echo AB00000-0000 | grep -Po \"(\\w{2}\\s*\\d{5}(−\\d{4})?)\"", "\nAB00000\n\nA:\n\nYour minus sign isn't what you think it is. ", " When I copy and paste your code into my shell, I see:\necho AB00000-0000 | grep -Po \"(\\w{2}\\s*\\d{5}(\\342\\210\\222\\d{4})?)\"", "\n\nWhen I use a plain old minus sign (instead of \\342\\210\\222, this is what I get:\n$ echo AB00000-0000 | grep -Po \"(\\w{2}\\s*\\d{5}-\\d{4}?)\"", "\nAB00000-0000\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nMysql query slow performance\n\nI have a table with 500k rows. ", "I have specific table which takes really long time to run every query. ", "\nOne of the queries is: \nSELECT * \nFROM player_data\nWHERE `user_id` = '61120'\n AND `opzak` = 'ja'\nORDER BY opzak_nummer ASC\n\nthe opzak_nummer column is a tinyint with a number.", "\nEXPLAIN:\n\nIs there any way to improve this query performance and the general of this query/table?", "\nThe table name is player_data and includes about 25 columns, most of them are integers with values of stats.", "\nThe index is id AUTO_INCREMENT.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou need to run that query, it will alter table and add index. ", "You can read more details here http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-index.html\nALTER TABLE pokemon_speler ADD INDEX index_name (user_id, opzak);\n\n" ]

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