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80e16084-d58b-4584-8712-feb0dda14e36 | GNAS-1遺伝子変異は関連しています | 線維性骨異形成 | 骨形成不全 | エナメル質形成不全 | 鎖骨頭蓋異形成 | 0 | single | Fibrous dysplasia is caused by a mutation in GNAS1 gene. | Pathology | null | GNAS-1 gene mutation is associated with | Fibrous dysplasia | Osteogenesis imerfecta | Amelogenesis imperfect | Cleidocranial dysplasia |
5c659945-dd4a-4dbb-ac72-ef8136de66d9 | ステップバック法は次のように構成されています: | 2つのフェーズ。 | 3つのフェーズ。 | 4つのフェーズ。 | なし。 | 0 | multi | step back technique has 2 phases.
Phase 1 is apical preparation phase.
Phase 2 stepping back phase. | Dental | null | Step back technique is consist of: | 2 phases. | 3 phases. | 4 phases. | None. |
19c5be03-cef6-472d-b075-e9a38c53e5f4 | 強直性脊椎炎に特有なのは本当ですか？ | HLA | B27 | 仙腸関節炎 | 赤血球沈降速度の上昇 | 2 | multi | Answer- C. Sacroileitis | Surgery | null | Specific for Ankylosing spondylitis is true? | HLA | B27 | Sacroileitis | Raised ESR |
a4ae6ca7-78a0-48fd-956c-4259c141d158 | 男性が失語症で来院しました。物の名前を言うことができず、復唱も苦手です。しかし、理解力、流暢さ、書かれた言葉の理解には影響がありません。彼はおそらく何の病気にかかっていますか？ | 健忘失語症 | ブローカ失語症 | 超皮質性感覚失語症 | 伝導失語症 | 3 | single | Ans: D. Conduction aphasia(Ref Harrison 19/e p 1 76, 18/e p302)Typical case of conduction aphasia with normal comprehension & fluency, but impaired naming & repetition.Conduction aphasia:Due to damaged arcuate fasciculus.Arcuate fasciculus:Connection between Wernicke's (language comprehension) & Broca's (Language production) areas.Hence, connection lost.Clinical features:Hallmark finding - Inability to repeat words.Comprehension & language expression intact.Inability to transfer understood word to Broca 's area to be expressed.Results in meaningful fluent speech & relatively good comprehension but very poor repetition. | Medicine | null | A man comes with aphasia. He is unable to name things and repetition is poor. However comprehension, fluency and understanding written words is unaffected. He is probably suffering from: | Anomic aphasia | Broca's aphasia | Transcoical sensory aphasia | Conduction aphasia |
857b4f18-59a4-4f38-923e-679808197235 | 3混合ペーストでは、何の存在によって変色が起こりますか？ | シプロフロキサシン | ミノサイクリン | メトロニダゾール | テトラサイクリン | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | In 3 mix paste; discoloration occurs due to presence of: | Ciprofloxacin | Minocycline | Metronidazole | Tetracycline |
0e7917ea-310b-4477-9897-f4901f728448 | 次のリポタンパク質のうち、電気泳動で帯電した端に移動しないものはどれですか？ | VLDL（超低密度リポタンパク質） | LDL | HDL | カイロミクロン | 3 | single | Based on electrophoretic separation from cathode to anode, the order of lipoprotein in an electrophoretogram is
Chylomicron
LDL (β Lipoprotein)
VLDL (Pre β Lipoprotein)
IDL (Broad β Lipoprotein)
HDL (α Lipoprotein) | Biochemistry | null | Which of the following lipoproteins does not move towards charged end in electrophoresis? | VLDL | LDL | HDL | Chylomicrons |
b02a2fb8-3cd5-4043-88fa-ab4ad3092efe | 根尖周囲組織の炎症は何によって持続されますか？ | 停滞した組織液 | 壊死組織 | 微生物 | 膿細胞 | 2 | single | Apical periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of periradicular tissues caused by aetiological agents of endodontic origin.
Persistent apical periodontitis occurs when root canal treatment of apical periodontitis has not adequately eliminated the intraradicular infection (microbes). | Dental | null | Inflammation of the periapical tissue is sustained by: | Stagnant tissue fluid | Necrotic tissue | Microorganisms | Pus cells |
1f8a97a5-64cf-4635-a50a-e84ac5a0d7f1 | 播種性悪性腫瘍の患者が、悪心、嘔吐、意識障害を伴って緩和ケアクリニックに来院しました。検査で高カルシウム血症が検出されました。最初の治療方針は何ですか？ | 静脈内ステロイド | サイアザイド | 静脈内輸液 | 静脈内ビスホスホネート | 2 | multi | Ans: C. Intravenous fluids(Ref: Harrison 19/e p314; 18Ie p361)Management of Significant, Symptomatic Hypercalcemia:Initial therapy:Volume expansion (hypercalcemia leads to dehydration) with 4-6 L of IV saline over first 24 h, keeping in mind that underlying comorbidities (e.g., congestive hea failure) may require use of loop diuretics to enhance Na+ & Ca+ excretion.Increased calcium mobilization from bone (in malignancy or severe hyperparathyroidism).Drugs that inhibit bone resorption should be considered.Zoledronic acid, pamidronate & ibandronate - In treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy in adults.Onset of action is within 1-3 days, with normalization of serum calcium levels occurring in 60-90% of patients. | Medicine | null | A patient of disseminated malignancy comes to the palliative care clinic with nausea, vomiting and altered sensorium. Hypercalcemia is detected on investigations. What will be the first line of management? | Intravenous steroids | Thiazides | Intravenous fluids | Intravenous bisphosphonates |
8db7e145-052a-4774-9a5f-db3c4e9ac1d6 | 建物の崩壊後、残骸の中である人の上腕骨の長さが24.5 cmです。この人の推定身長はどれくらいですか？ | 90 cm | 110 cm | 130 cm | 146 cm | 2 | single | Ans: C. 130 cm(Ref Parikh 6/e p2.75, 12.2).In general, humerus represents 20%, Tibia 22%, Femur 27% and Spine 34% of the stature.Multiplication factor for humerus is 5.31 for calculation of stature.In the question, length of femur is 24.5 cm.Hence, predicted height = 5.31x24.5 = 130 cm. | Forensic Medicine | null | After a building collapse, among remnants, a person's length of humerus is 24.5 cm. What is the predicted height of this person? | 90 cm | 110 cm | 130 cm | 146 cm |
2fb9aa7b-5106-4856-943d-f6554959feab | 狂犬病ワクチンを接種してはいけない場合は？ | ネズミに噛まれた場合 | 猫に噛まれた場合 | 犬に噛まれた場合 | サルに噛まれた場合 | 0 | single | null | Microbiology | null | Rabies vaccine not to be given in case of? | Rat bite | Cat bite | Dog bite | Monkey bite |
acfc14d7-1051-4939-9631-c1910b58c295 | 舌が赤紫色で口角にひび割れが見られるのは、何の欠乏症ですか？ | ビタミンB1 | ナイアシン | リボフラビン | パントテン酸 | 2 | single | null | Pathology | null | Magenta tongue and cracks at corner of mouth are seen in deficiency of: | Vitamin B1 | Niacin | Riboflavin | Pantothenic acid |
7dbd5a5b-1731-4cbd-a3e1-f50c0db1e695 | 上顎第一大臼歯の口蓋根の最も一般的な湾曲は何ですか？ | 顔面側 | 舌側 | 遠心 | 近心 | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | The most common curvature of the palatal root of maxillary first molar is: | Facial | Lingual | Distal | Mesial |
6dfdea6c-4c96-49dc-8b65-a57b59d87036 | 次のうち、どの泣き声が大きく、高音でサイレンのような泣き声で特徴づけられますか: | 頑固な泣き声。 | 恐怖の泣き声。 | 痛みの泣き声。 | 代償性の泣き声。 | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | Which of the following cry is characterized by loud, high pitched and siren-like wail: | Obstinate cry. | Frighten cry. | Hurt cry. | Compensatory cry. |
75394ad7-5dde-4b6b-8cec-7365972b5dd6 | フッ化物ピットおよびフィッシャーシーラントはどの世代に属しますか？ | I世代 | II世代 | 第III世代 | 第IV世代 | 3 | single | TYPES OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS
1. Based on curing method:
First generation:
Polymerized with ultraviolet light of 350 nm wavelength.
Absorbs UV light excessively and prevents complete polymerization of the sealant.
Light intensity varies from lamp to lamp.
Second generation:
Self-cured or chemically cured.
Most of them were unfilled.
Can be transparent, opaque or tinted.
Filled show increased wear and abrasion resistance than unfilled.
Third generation - Visible light cured of 480-490 nm wavelength.
Fourth generation - With addition of fluoride for added benefit.
Soben Peter
5th edition
Page no. 440 | Dental | null | Fluoride pit and fissure sealants belong to which
generation? | I | II | III | IV |
599296cf-99e1-4a99-8322-cc24fef094a7 | 28週の妊娠中に間接クームステスト（ICT）が陰性のRh陰性の母親に抗Dが投与されました。次のうち理想的なものはどれですか？ | 赤ちゃんの血液型に応じて、出産後72時間以内にもう一度抗Dを投与します。 | 赤ちゃんの血液型に関係なく、出産後72時間以内にもう一度抗Dを投与します。 | 彼女はICT陰性なので追加投与の必要はありません。 | 上記のすべて | 0 | multi | Answer- A. Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum depending on the baby blood groupACOG (2010) recommends anti-D immune globulin to be given prophylactically to all Rh D-negative, unsensitized women at approximately 28 weeks, and a second dose given after delivery if the infant is Rh D-positive. Before the 28-week dose of anti-D immune globulin, repeat antibocly screening is recommended to identify individuals who have become alloimmunized. Following delivery, anti-D immune globulin should be given within 72 hours. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | A Rh-negative mother, who has Indirect Coombs Test (ICT), negative was given Anti-D during 28 weeks of pregnancy. Which of the following is the ideal one? | Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum depending on the baby blood group | Give another dose of Anti-D 72 hours postpaum irrespective of baby blood group | No need of additional dose since she is ICT negative | All of the above |
73818dbb-2bd3-4c46-a06a-b18b6ddb5450 | WHOの根尖病変分類によると、口腔への洞はどのカテゴリーに入りますか？ | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.61 | 4.62 | 3 | single | null | Dental | null | According to WHO classification of periapical pathology, sinus to oral cavity comes under: | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.61 | 4.62 |
a215ecb7-fbfe-45c0-9b53-20b5188c2a87 | リーマーとファイルの物理的特徴の違いは: | リーマーの断面は四角形で、ファイルの断面は三角形です。 | ファイルの刃のフルートの数はリーマーよりも多いです。 | リーマーは刃に多くのフルートがあります。 | ファイルには、二重らせん設計でフルートを作るための2つの表面溝があります。 | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | Difference between physical characteristic of reamers and files is: | The cross-section of reamers in square and files are triangular in cross-section | The number of flutes on the blade are more in files than in reamers | The reamers have more flutes in the blade | Files have two superficial grooves to produce flutes in a double helix design |
762c8e46-a58b-4a23-b03d-f5d2055a3fac | 6年間根が露出している歯に対して行われた側方滑走弁はどのような結果を示しますか？ | セメント質に付着した歯根膜繊維 | 象牙質に付着した歯根膜繊維 | 以前露出していた根面に隣接する上皮 | 残存する繊維への適応 | 2 | single | null | Dental | null | A lateral sliding flap done on a tooth with roots denuded for 6 years will show | PDL fibres attached to cementum | PDL fibres attached to dentin | Epithelium adjacent to previously denuded root surface | Co adaptation to the remaining fibres |
9a3940ff-8c7a-492c-86d4-259c47cef675 | 次のうちどれが筋肉分割切開ですか？ | コッヘル切開 | ラザフォード・モリソン切開 | Pfannenstiel切開 | ランツ切開 | 3 | single | Ans: D. Lanz incisionLanz incision:An oblique (transverse skin crease), muscle splitting incision used for an appendectomy.A modification of McBurney's (Grid Iron) incision.Advantages:Considered cosmetically better.Exposure is better.The extension is easier.Measurements:Incision, appropriate in length to size & obesity of patient - Approximately 2 cm below umbilicus centered on the midclavicular-mid inguinal line.It can be extended medially - With retraction or suitable division of rectus abdominis muscle. | Surgery | null | Which one of the following is a muscle splitting incision? | Kocher's incision | Rutherford-Morrison incision | Pfannenstiel incision | Lanz incision |
c41e6817-ab7a-4208-aa4b-d89da0668ac9 | 患者の血清化学分析では、pCO2=30mm Hg、pO2=105mm Hg、pH=7.46が示されています。このプロファイルは何を示していますか？ | 代謝性アルカローシス | 代謝性アシドーシス | 呼吸性アルカローシス | 呼吸性アシドーシス | 2 | single | null | Medicine | null | Serum chemistry analysis in a patient reveals pCo2=30mm Hg, pO2=105mm Hg, pH=7.46. This profile indicates | Metabolic alkalosis | Metabolic acidosis | Respiratory alkalosis | Respiratory acidosis |
08261677-c2d9-467e-9b36-2860dd82c98c | IPC第304A条に基づく医療過誤の立証された場合の最高懲役刑はどれくらいですか？ | 1年 | 2年 | 3年 | 5年 | 1 | single | Answer: b. 2 years (Ref Reddy 33/e p35, 29/e p260,Under section 304A of IPC, for a proved case of medical negligence, the maximum punishment of imprisonment is up to 2 years. | Forensic Medicine | null | Under section 304A of IPC, for a proved case of medical negligence, The maximum punishment of imprisonment is up to: | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | 5 years |
0f86c441-70a5-466d-b59f-1512fe88cbfd | 母乳で育てられた子供が高ナトリウム血症（血清ナトリウム > 170mEq/L）を呈しています。尿中ナトリウムは70mEq/Lです。次のうち最も考えられる原因はどれですか？ | 尿崩症 | 急性壊死 | 重度の脱水症状 | ナトリウムの過剰摂取 | 3 | single | The child is having hypernatremia. Serum sodium >170 rnEq/L (Normal level is 135-145 mEq/L).
Urine sodium is also very high, >70mEq/L (Normal urine sodium level in <20 mEq/L)
This combination can be seen with excessive intake of sodium.
With excessive intake of sodium there will be increase in serum sodium and excessive excretion of sodium in urine (Kidney tries to compensate for increase in serum sodium by excreting large amount of sodium).
Diabetes Insipidus -> Serum sodium conc. will be high but urine sodium conc. will be very low (Lack of ADH leads to defect in concentration of urine).
Acute necrosis -> Urine sodium conc. will be high but serum sodium conc. will be low.
Severe dehydration -> Urine sodium concentration will be low. | Pediatrics | null | A breast fed child presents with hypernatremia (Serum sodium > 170m Eq/L). His urine sodium is 70 mEq/L. Which of the following is the most likely cause – | Diabetes insipidus | Acute necrosis | Severe dehydration | Excessive intake of sodium |
a2106819-7406-4698-8f7d-b166a05fe17e | P3L3は性交後出血とパップテスト陽性で外来に来院し、内診で子宮頸部が肥大し触診で出血する診断です。 | 子宮頸がん | 筋腫 | 子宮頸管炎 | 子宮頸部ポリープ | 0 | single | Ans. A. CA cervixSYMPTOMS:Arises from: Squamo-columnar junctionEarliest symptom: Post-coital bleedingAs the cancer progresses, symptoms may include:Unusual vaginal dischargeVaginal bleeding between periodsBleeding after menopausePyometraBleeding or pain during sexMC site: EctocervixLymph nodes affected: Obturator, hypogastric and external iliacTime taken for conversion of CIN to invasive Ca: 10 yearsMC type: Squamous cell Ca100% cure rates are seen in: CISUremia: altered sensorium and is having hiccupsMC cause of death: Renal failureCa cervix can be prevented by screeningBoth positive Pap smear and test is suggestive of CA cervix | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | P3L3 came to opd with postcoital bleeding and pap positive p/v cervix hyperophied bleed on touch diagnosis - | CA cervix | Fibroid | Cervicitis | Cervical polyp |
5e39f6db-6d90-49fa-a2a6-f9e0c9d1b821 | デリーで爆発が起こり、その後2人が死亡しました。彼らの負傷について次のうち正しくないものはどれですか。 | 負傷は火傷と空気爆発によるものでした。 | 爆発の力は急速に減少する。 | 爆発の力は方向性がある。 | 打撲、裂傷、骨折は主な爆発傷害の三徴候です。 | 3 | multi | Ans: D. Bruise, laceration, fractures are the triad of main explosive injuries seenMarshall's triad is diagnostic of explosive injury.Marshall's triad -Bruises, abrasions & puncture lacerations.Does not include fracture. | Forensic Medicine | null | A bomb blast took place in Delhi following which 2 persons died. All of the following are true about their injuries except: | Injuries occurred due to burns air blast | Force of explosion decreases rapidly | Force of explosion is directional | Bruise, laceration, fractures are triad of main explosive injuries seen |
e0d991de-46ba-4a28-9f2d-788c2e1f9af5 | グリーン・バーミリオン指数は何を測定しますか | 歯周病 | 口腔衛生 | 骨のレベル | 歯肉の健康 | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | Green Vermillion index measures | Periodontal disease | Oral hygiene | Bone level | Gingival health |
ac97880a-0862-45cf-bed5-a2000a93343c | ステージIの喉頭癌の治療法は何ですか？ | 根治手術 | 化学療法 | 放射線療法 | 手術とその後の放射線療法 | 2 | single | Friends remember 2 very important concepts regarding laryngeal Ca:
If the site of larynx caner viz supra glottis, glottis or subglottis is not mentioned, the cancer should be considered glottic (since it is the M/C variety)
Generally stage I, II, III, IV means stage T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 respectively.
According to Dhingra
Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for all stage I cancers of larynx, which neither impair mobility nor invade cartilage or cervical nodes.
The greatest advantage of radiotherapy over surgery in Ca larynx glottic cancer is - preservation of voice. | ENT | null | The treatment of choice for stage I cancer larynx is- | Radical surgery | Chemotherapy | Radiotherapy | Surgery followed by radiotherapy |
1f536213-3abd-44b5-9011-773e21fe138f | 運動中にATPを最も迅速に合成する方法は何ですか？ | グリコーゲン分解 | 解糖系 | TCAサイクル | クレアチンリン酸 | 3 | single | Ans. d. Creatine phosphate.The high group transfer potential of ATP enables it to act as a donor of high-energy phosphate compounds. There are three major sources of high phosphate compounds taking pa in energy conservation i.e. oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and citric acid cycle.Phosphagens act as storage forms of group transfer potential and include creatine phosphate, which occurs in veebrate skeletal muscle, hea, spermatozoa, and brain, and arginine phosphate, which occurs in the inveebrate muscle. | Biochemistry | null | During exercise, the most rapid way to synthesize ATP is: | Glycogenolysis | Glycolysis | TCA cycle | Creatine phosphate |
ace77d98-571a-4ba0-b073-881b622dcffa | 眼窩の下壁を構成する骨のうち、次のうちどれが該当しないか: | 篩骨（しこつ） | 上顎骨 | 口蓋骨 | 頬骨 | 0 | multi | Answer- A (Ethmoid)Kanski 5/e p558'The inferior wall of orbit consists of three bones: zygomatic, maxillary, and palatinea'.Boundaries of the OrbitRoofLesser wing of the sphenoidOrbital plate of the plateLateral wallGreater wing of the sphenoidZygomaticInferior wallZygomaticMaxillaryPalatineMedial wallFrontal process of the maxillaLacrimalEthmoidBoby of sphenoid | Anatomy | null | All of the following bones are the pas of inferior wall of orbit except: | Ethmoid | Maxillary | Palatine | ZygomaticWhile |
76ba3417-012e-4bf8-840c-13bb7bc60dcc | 生後30日以内に生える歯 | 新生児歯 | 先天歯 | 早期歯 | なし | 0 | multi | null | Dental | null | Teeth that erupt in 30 days of birth | Neonatal teeth | Natal teeth | Premature teeth | None |
e2784a8a-04af-4ced-8bf8-e6c496245df2 | 分娩室にいる女性にオピオイド鎮痛薬が投与されました。緊急時に備えてどの薬を準備すべきですか？ | リドカイン | ナロキソン | ジフェンヒドラミン | フェンタニル | 1 | single | Naloxone is an opioid anatagonist given intravenously. It blocks mu, kappa and delta receptors. It is the DOC for opioid toxicity. Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic. Diphenhydramine is a first generation antihistaminic. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid. | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2017 | A female in labor ward was administered opioid analgesic. Which of the following drugs should be kept ready for emergency? | Lignocaine | Naloxone | Diphenhydramine | Fentanyl |
d1bdce43-2f6d-47ee-9957-2bff4b27d2ce | 精子形成の順序: 精原細胞 精母細胞 精子細胞 精子 | ２３１４ | ３２１４ | ３１２４ | １２３４ | 3 | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | AIIMS 2019 | Sequential order of sperm formation: Spermatogonia Spermatocyte Spermatids Spermatozoa | 2314 | 3214 | 3124 | 1234 |
0489f20c-a0ce-4251-9eec-e8d5e691a49e | メトプロロールを服用している高血圧の患者にベラパミルが投与されました。これはどのような結果をもたらしますか？ | 心房細動 | 房室ブロックを伴う徐脈 | トルサード・ド・ポアンツ | 頻脈 | 1 | single | Metoprolol - |HR Verapamil - A-V nodal delay, |HR So, Bradycardia with AV Block - Torsade's De points: Class IA / IC / III: anti antiarrhythmic | Medicine | AIIMS 2018 | A patient of hypeension on Metoprolol, Verapamil was given. This is will result in? | Atrial fibrillation | Bradycardia with AV Block | Torsades De pointes | Tachycardia |
bf338178-cb15-4239-bf94-f6cfcb38d61f | 糖尿病の母親から生まれた体重3.8kgの乳児が出生後16時間で痙攣を起こしました。原因は何ですか？ | 低血糖 | 低カルシウム血症 | 出生窒息 | 脳室内出血 | 0 | single | Electrolyte disturbances, including hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia, are commonly seen in association with infants of diabetic mother and may result in early-onset seizures.
Sorry friends, I could not find any reference which has directly mentioned that hypoglycemia is a more common cause of seizure than hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mother.
I was just able to find following two statements : -
"Infants of diabetic mother are most at risk for hypoglycemia which can result in seizure".
"Infant of diabetic mothers with seizures, that does not respond to glucose should have their serum calcium measured"
From these two statements, it seems to me that hypoglycemia is a more common cause of seizures in infants of diabetic mother. | Pediatrics | null | Infant of diabetic mother with weight 3.8 Kg presented with seizures after 16 hours of birth.What is the cause – | Hypoglycemia | Hypocalcemia | Birth asphyxia | Intraventricular hemorrhage |
24a53b0f-d1b7-4ef8-8b9c-1d3b857aa413 | 最も小さい根を持つ歯 | 下顎中切歯 | 下顎側切歯 | 上顎側切歯 | 上顎第1小臼歯 | 0 | multi | null | Dental | null | Tooth with smallest root | Mandibular central incisor | Mandibular lateral incisor | Maxillary lateral incisor | Maxillary 1st premolar |
a9210029-3bfe-4b2f-8e44-894e87e368d0 | ホルモンXの受容体の局在が核内にあることが判明しました。Xは何である可能性が高いですか？ | アドレナリン | インスリン | チロキシン | FSH | 2 | single | Ans: C. ThyroxineRef Ganong 25/e p300, 24Ie p300; Harper 30Ie p501).Thyroxine is a lipophilic hormone that acts on nuclear receptor.Steroids and thyroid hormones are distinguished by their predominantly intracellular sites of action, since they can diffuse freely through the cell membrane.They bind to a family of largely cytoplasmic proteins known as nuclear receptors.Upon ligand binding, the receptor-ligand complex translocates to the nucleus where it either homodimerizes, or associates with a distinct liganded nuclear receptor to form a heterodimer.In either case, the dieter binds to DNA to either increase or decrease gene transcription in the target tissue. | Physiology | null | Localization of the receptor of a hormone Xis found to be in the nucleus. What is likely to be X? | Adrenaline | Insulin | Thyroxine | FSH |
3630ec53-489c-4040-9003-c9778939649e | ゴルジ体の機能は何ですか？ | タンパク質と脂質の合成 | タンパク質合成 | 糖タンパク質の仕分け | 上記のいずれでもありません。 | 2 | multi | null | Biochemistry | null | Golgi bodies function as: | Protein lipid synthesis | Protein synthesis | Sorting of glycoproteins | None of the above |
4c6b43ff-d302-4bb0-b9b6-873cd50cb014 | 次のうち、どれが体からの熱損失の生理的な方法ではありませんか？ | 発汗 | 血管拡張 | 姿勢 | 末梢血管収縮 | 3 | single | null | Physiology | null | Which of the following is not a physiological method of heat loss from the body? | Sweating | Vasodilation | Posture | Peripheral vasoconstriction |
92b73e84-c02c-43db-8ddc-a5b7954ae6ab | 40歳の患者が発熱のスパイクと呼吸困難を訴えて来院しました。経食道エコーで心臓に疣贅が見つかりました。培養でバークホルデリア・セパシアが陽性でした。バークホルデリア・セパシア肺炎の第一選択薬は何ですか？ | アミノグリコシドとコリスチン | カルバペネムと第3世代セフェム系抗生物質 | タイゲサイクリンとセフィピム | コトリモキサゾールと第3世代セフェム系抗生物質 | 3 | single | Answer- D. Cotrimoxazole with 3rd generation cephalosporinsDrug of choice for B. cepacia is TMP-SMX and alternative agents are ceftazidime, chloramphenicolB. cepacia is the cause of a rapidly fatal syndrome of respiratory distress & septicemia ('cepacia syndrome')in cystic fibrosis Patients.Predisposing factors: cystic fibrosis & chronic granulomatous diseaseaB. cepacia inhabits moist environments and is found in rhizosphere.possesses multiple virulence factors & colonizing factors capable of binding to lung mucus (predilection of B.cepacia for the lungs in cystic fibrosis).Treatment:DOC for B. cepacia: TMP-SMXAlternative agents: Meropenem & doxycycline | Medicine | null | A 40 years old patient came with complaints of spikes of fever and difficulty in breathing. Transesophageal ECHO found out the vegetations in the hea. The culture was positive for Burkholderia cepacia. Drug of choice for Burkholderia cepacia pneumonia is: | Aminoglycoside and colistin | Carbapenems with 3rd generation cephalosporins | Tigecycline and cefipime | Cotrimoxazole with 3rd generation cephalosporins |
fa33d084-57f8-470e-b0d9-9402f6518c04 | 仕上げ用ダイヤモンドバーのサイズ範囲はどのくらいですか？ | 38-44ミクロンです。 | 20-30ミクロンです。 | 10〜38ミクロンです。 | 上記のすべて。 | 2 | multi | null | Dental | null | Size of finishing diamond bur ranges from: | 38-44micron. | 20-30micron. | 10-38 micron. | All of the above. |
ccca9015-2ce5-40cf-bed4-187f9428d984 | 55歳の患者が背中の痛みを訴えて外来に来院しました。診察では、四肢が曲がっており、皮膚が温かく厚くなっているように見えました。患者は数日間にわたって聴力の低下も訴えています。生化学分析では血清ALPが上昇していました。取得したX線には以下の特徴が示されました。最も考えられる診断は何ですか？ | 骨粗鬆症 | 骨硬化症 | パジェット病 | 腎性骨異栄養症 | 2 | single | Given scenario suggests diagnosis of Paget's disease. Image shows- a) Ivory veebra, b) Picture frame veebra Osteoporosis- Cod fish veebra Osteopetrosis- bone within a bone appearance Renal osteodystrophy- Rugger jersey spine | Orthopaedics | AIIMS 2019 | A 55 yr old patient presented to the opd with complaint of pain in back. On examination his limbs seemed to be bent with overlying warm and thick skin. Patient also complain of decreased hearing over a few days. On biochemical analysis his serum ALP was raised. X-ray obtained showed the following features. Most probable diagnosis? | Osteoporosis | Osteopetrosis | Pagets disease | Renal osteodystrophy |
0778d314-486a-4af0-b2bd-cab83e7e2166 | 10歳の女の子が発熱、けいれん、首の硬直を訴えて来院しました。髄液検査の結果は、タンパク質150 mg、糖40 mg、塩化物2500 mg、リンパ節腫脹が見られました。 | ウイルス性髄膜炎 | 化膿性髄膜炎 | クリプトコッカス髄膜炎 | 結核性髄膜炎 | 3 | single | Typical signs of meningitis (Fever, convulsion and neck rigidity) with increased CSF protein and decreased sugar level and decreased chloride level associated with lymphadenopathy suggest the diagnosis of tubercular meningitis. | Pediatrics | null | A 10 year old girl presented with fever convulsions, neck rigidity. CSF findings are protein 150 mg, sugar 40 mg, chloride 2500 mg with lymphadenopathy – | Viral meningitis | Pyogenic meningitis | Cryptococcal meningitis | Tuberculous meningitis |
ee3171ee-b65b-477b-9a73-ea8316b648aa | 全身性若年性関節リウマチの特徴として次のうちどれが該当しないか – | ぶどう膜炎 | 発疹 | 発熱 | 肝脾腫大 | 0 | multi | The eye manifestation are seen in Pauciarticular and Polyarticular JRA but not in systemic JRA.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis can be divided in 3 major clinical types | Pediatrics | null | All of the following are features of systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis except – | Uveitis | Rash | Fever | Hepatosplenomegaly |
77f42ec8-d712-43b7-8160-dd99cad04643 | 10歳の子供が永久上顎中切歯の侵入をしています。治療の選択肢は | 歯を元の位置に戻し、固定します。 | 歯が自然に萌出するのを待つ（自然萌出） | 矯正治療を行います。 | 何もしない | 1 | multi | null | Dental | null | A 10 years old child has intrusion of permanent maxillary central incisor. The choice of treatment is | Put tooth in its place and splint it | Allow tooth to erupt on its own (spontaneous eruption) | Treat it orthodontically | Do nothing |
87fab9d2-9419-49c1-93bf-59d0a311e8de | 70歳の高血圧患者で、ステージ5の慢性腎臓病を患っている方が最近2型糖尿病と診断されました。彼は注射インスリンを使用したくありません。腎臓の用量調整が不要な経口血糖降下薬の中で、この患者に推奨されるものはどれですか？ | リナグリプチン | レパグリニド | ビルダグリプチン | グリメピリド | 0 | single | Answer- A. Linagliptinlinagliptin has the ability to be safely dosed in chronic kidney disease patients. Chronic kidney disease is a major complication in type 2 diabetesLinagliptin .No dose required linagliptin for patients with renal impairment | Pharmacology | null | A 70 years old hypeensive patient with stage 5 chronic kidney disease was diagnosed recently with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. He doesn't want to take injectable insulin. Which of the following oral hypoglycemic agents will be preferred in this patient, which won't require any renal dose modification? | Linagliptin | Repaglinide | Vildagliptin | Glimepiride |
18c1a5f9-d998-414e-bb9c-991191c10710 | 糖尿病の既往歴が1年あり、他に合併症のない患者は眼科検査を受けるべきですか？ | できるだけ早く | 5年後 | 10年後 | 視覚症状が現れた後にのみ。 | 0 | single | Answer- A i.e. As early as feasibleAll diabetic (IDDM & NIDDM both) aged over 12 years and/or entering pubey should be screened (visual activity measurement and fundus examination by ophthalmoscopy)For retinopathy. and those with risk for visual loss referred to an ophthalmologist.Type I DM (IDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination within 3 years of diagnosis and annual review. (If lt is diagnosed before the age of pubey).Type II DM (NIDDM) require ophthalmoscopic examination at the time of diagnosis (because it is usually diagnosed after the age of 12 years) and annual review. | Ophthalmology | null | A patient with a history of diabetes for one year with no other complications should have an ophthalmic examination? | As early as feasible | After 5 years | After 10 years | Only after visual symptoms level |
8e64201e-6d6b-4187-98df-bb12e0945c78 | 診断は何ですか？ | ハーラー症候群 | ベックウィズ・ウィードマン症候群 | 甲状腺機能低下症 | プロテウス症候群 | 0 | single | Ans: A. Hurler's syndrome(Ref Nelson 20/e p739)Likely diagnosis = Hurler's syndrome.Hurler's syndrome:Type 1 mucopolysacharidoses.AR disorder.Characterized by alpha L-iduronidase deficiency resulting in accumulation of dermatan > heparin-sulfate.Clinical features:Presents with Goesque gargoyle facies:Coarse and heavy face.Enlarged head - Due to hydrocephalus caused by meningeal deposits.Low forehead & ears.Eyes wide set.Wide nosePoorly formed & widespread teeth.Open mouth, enlarged tongue & eveed lips.Hepatosplenomegaly.Sho neck.Thoracolumbur kyphosis.Gibbus deformity with motor delays.Flexion contracture of joints.Sho stature.Genu valgum.Fiat feet.Broad-sho hand, radially curved little finger.Carpal tunnel syndrome in children. | Pediatrics | null | A male child with coarse facial features, macroglossia, thick lips presents with copious mucous discharge from nose at 10 months of age. The child was absolutely normal at bih. On examination he was found to have enlarged Liver and Spleen. Diagnosis is: | Hurler's syndrome | Beckwith-Weidman syndrome | Hypothyroidism | Proteus syndrome |
287ee601-bba2-4926-a230-388f13cfa28d | 以下のうちどれが血友病患者の管理に使用されますか？ | トラネキサム酸 | 酢酸 | アスコルビン酸 | パルミトン酸 | 0 | single | null | Surgery | null | Which of the following is used in the management of haemophillic patient? | Tranxemic acid | Acetic acid | Ascorbic acid | Palmitonic acid |
4bed11d9-70fd-4592-941c-6ba056318752 | アルギン酸塩粉末にMgoを加えることでどの特性が変更されますか？ | 表面特性を向上させます。 | 保存期間を延ばします。 | せん断強度と引裂強度を増加させます。 | 強度を向上させるため。 | 0 | single | MgO added in alginate powder leads to improve its surface character mainly as well as it increased tensile strength, hardness of model, elastic modulus & Improved thermal stability. | Dental | null | Mgo added to alginate power to modify which property: | Increases surface character. | Increases shelf life. | Increases shear and tear strength. | Improve strength. |
bf0eabec-95a0-46e1-a9b7-dae6c29dadde | 正期産児の窒息性損傷の特徴として当てはまらないものはどれですか？ | けいれん | 差異的低緊張（下肢 > 上肢） | 意識障害 | 口腔分泌物の除去が困難 | 1 | multi | Effects ofAsphaxia :
Central nervous system- Cardiovascular
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy o Myocardial ischemia
Infarction o Poor contractility
Intracranial hemorrhage o Tricuspid insufficiency
Seizures o Hypotension
Cerebral edema o Pulmonary
Hypotonia o Pulmonary hypertension
Hypertonia o Pulmonary hemorrhage
o Respiratory distress syndrome
Renal —> Acute tubular or cortical necrosis
Adrenal —> Adrenal hemorrhage
Metabolic --> SIADH, Hyponatremia, Hypoglycemia, Hypocalcemia, Myoglobinuria
Integument -+ Subcutaneous fat necrosis
Hematology -p DIC
Gastrointestinal —> Perforation, Ulceration with hemorrhage, Necrosis
During asphyxia the infant may remain hypotonic or change from hypotonia to extreme hypertonia or their tone may appear normal. These changes are seen simultaneously and the change in muscle tone is also of the same degree in both the limbs. | Pediatrics | null | Asphyxial injury in a term baby is characterized by all except – | Seizures | Differential hypotonia (lower limbs > upper limbs) | Altered sensorium | Difficulty in clearing oral secretions |
e45de5c9-41f3-4aed-a77a-9a1cc3ee63db | 母体死亡率は次のように表されます： | 1万人あたりの母体死亡数 | 10万人あたりの母体死亡数 | 100万件の出産あたりの母体死亡数 | 10万出生あたりの母体死亡数 | 1 | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | AIIMS 2018 | Maternal moality ratio expressed in:- | Maternal death per 10,000 lives | Maternal death per 100,000 lives | Maternal death per 1,000,000 lives | Maternal death per 100 lives |
cf9116f0-d344-4b8d-b010-050ac77a8dd1 | 34週で早産の赤ちゃんが生まれました。赤ちゃんの体に水疱性病変がありました。X線では骨膜炎が示されています。次の検査は何ですか？ | 母親と赤ちゃんのVDRL検査 | HIVのELISA検査 | 結核のPCR検査。 | 母親の肝炎表面抗原検査 | 0 | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | Premature baby of 34 weeks was delivered. Baby had bullous lesion on the body. X ray shows periosistis what is the next investigation: | VDRL for mother and baby | ELISA for HIV | PCR for T.B. | Hepatitis surface antigen for mother |
5fa2e23f-c19c-4828-b240-59b7a0a84834 | 新生児を保温器に入れるための分娩室の理想的な温度は何度ですか？ | 22〜26度C | 28〜30度C | 30〜35度C | 37度C | 0 | single | Ans: A. 22-26degC(Ref Ghai 8/e p133).Nursery temperature:Ideal temperature in delivery room for neonates in warmer state - 22-26degC (72-78"F).Should be free from drill of air.Ventilation system for each delivery & resuscitation room designed to control ambient temperature between 72-78 degrees Fahrenheit (22-26 degrees Centigrade) during delivery, resuscitation & stabilization of newborn. | Pediatrics | null | What should be the ideal temperature in delivery room for the neonates to be kept in warmer? | 22-26degC | 28-30degC | 30-35degC | 37degC |
bdc34663-b39a-47bb-b034-7f804e437c09 | 若い男性患者が数日間5mgのハロペリドールを服用しており、最近の4日間は内的な落ち着きのなさと動きたい衝動を感じています。診断は？ | アカシジア | 遅発性ジスキネジア | ラビット症候群 | 急性ジストニア | 0 | single | Antipsychotic drugs Extrapyramidal symptoms- dur to D2 blockade in limbic system Extrapyramidal symptoms Clinical features Special DOC Acute dystonia Oculogyric crisis ocular muscles spasm and opisthotonos Toicollis Protrusion of tongue leading to laryngospasm grimacing Earliest to develop (days) Anticholinergic drugs Acute akathisia Constant purposeless involuntary movement from one place to another Most common EPS Days to week Propranolol Tardive dyskinesia chewing and sucking movements grimacing choreoathetoid movements-akathisia Seen after long(years) use of anti-psychotic Tetrabenazine Malignant neuroleptic syndrome Fluctuating level of consciousness hypehermia -muscles rigidity increase level of CPK Increase level of liver enzyme confusion - Diaphoresis Most common cause of death in this syndrome is acute renal failure Most serious side effect dantrolene DRUG induced parkinsonism Few weeks anticholinergics | Psychiatry | AIIMS 2017 | A young male patient is on 5 mg haloperidol for many days, recently for last 4 days of duration he has inner restlessness and urges to move. Diagnosis is? | Akathisia | Tardive dyskinesia | Rabbit syndrome | Acute Dystonia |
c36f9d0a-bcf4-44c2-93ef-0f83d3387664 | アポタンパク質の機能は何ですか | リポタンパク質の構造成分 | 酵素補因子 | 酵素阻害剤 | 上記のすべて | 3 | multi | Apolipoproteins carry out several roles:
(1) they can form part of the structure of the lipoprotein, for example, apo B;
(2) they are enzyme cofactors, for example, C-II for lipoprotein lipase, A-I for lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, or enzyme inhibitors, for example, apo A-II and apo C-III for lipoprotein lipase, apo C-I for cholesteryl ester transfer protein; and
(3) they Apolipoproteins carry out several roles:
(1) they can form part of the structure of the lipoprotein, for example, apo B;
(2) they are enzyme cofactors, for example, C-II for lipoprotein lipase, A-I for lecithin:cholesterol | Biochemistry | null | Functions of apoproteins are/is | Structural component of lipoprotein | Enzyme cofactors | Enzyme inhibitors | All of the above |
94cfe1dc-7810-4c50-af95-87a3c560f6bb | 10日間の発熱を訴える静脈注射薬物乱用者が来院。胸部X線検査で両側下葉の浸潤と壊死、右側の膿気胸が認められる。考えられる診断は： | 緑色連鎖球菌による僧帽弁心内膜炎 | 黄色ブドウ球菌による三尖弁心内膜炎 | 結核 | ニューモシスチス・イロベチ感染症 | 1 | single | Infective endocarditis typically occurs at sites of pre-existing endocardial damage, but infection with particularly virulent or aggressive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus can cause endocarditis in a previously normal heart. Staphylococcal endocarditis of the tricuspid valve is a common complication of intravenous drug use. Many acquired and congenital cardiac lesions are vulnerable, particularly areas of endocardial damage caused by a high-pressure jet of blood, such as ventricular septal defect, mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation, many of which are haemodynamically insignificant. In contrast, the risk of endocarditis at the site of haemodynamically important low-pressure lesions, such as a large atrial septal defect, is minimal.
Reference: : Davidson 23rd ed page no 527 | Medicine | null | An I.V. drug abuser presents with fever for 10 days. CXR shows B/L lower lobe consolidation with necrosis and right sided pyopneumothorax. Probable diagnosis is: | MV endocarditis due to viridans Streptococci | TV endocarditis due to Staph. aureus | Tuberculosis | Pneumocystis jirovecii infection |
5eb813a6-a84e-4b34-ae56-80e38f5a44b5 | 抜歯中に歯科用椅子に座っている患者が意識を失いました。患者は呼吸していますが反応がありません。最初の対応は何ですか？ | 椅子を倒して助けを呼び、酸素を供給します。 | 血圧と脈拍を確認し、気管挿管を行います。 | 直ちに心肺蘇生法（CPR）を開始します。 | 心電図 | 0 | multi | null | Surgery | null | Patient on dental chair during extraction becomes unconscious; patient is breathing but not responsive. Your first step will be: | Recline chair and shout for help and give oxygen | Check BP and pulse and intubate | Start CPR immediately | ECG |
15cebe53-6289-419d-af57-d6f5c6177147 | 重度の子癇前症を診断するための蛋白尿のレベルはどれくらいですか？ | 20 mg | 200 mg | 300 mg | 3000 mg | 2 | single | Ans: C. 300 mg(Ref: Hypeension in pregnancy (ACOG laskforce on hypeension in pregnancy)-Obstetrics and gynaecology, Vol-122, No.5, November 2013; William's 24/e p181; Danfoh 10/e p264)Diagnostic criteria for pre-eclampsia:Proteinuria - 2300 mg per 24 hour urine collection.Removed from essential criterion for pre-eclampsia diagnosis by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2013.In absence of diagnostic requirement of 5 gm as massive proteinaria for severe eclampsia - General definition of proteinuria (>300 mg) sufficient. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | What is the level of proteinuria to diagnose severe preeclampsia? | 20 mg | 200 mg | 300 mg | 3000 mg |
6a8fff5e-74af-48e4-8bc8-590820d078e7 | 警察が反応のない患者をあなたのところに連れてきました。最初に何をしますか？ | すぐに胸骨圧迫を開始します。 | 頸動脈の脈を確認する | 反応を確認し、助けを呼びます。 | レスキュー呼吸を開始します。 | 1 | multi | Ans: B. Check carotid pulse(Ref BLS/ACLS Guidelines: hups://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation guidelines /adult-advanced-life-suppo; Harrison 19/e p1768; Braunwald's 10/e p844-845)According to Adult Basic Life Suppo (BLS) algorithm in an unresponsive patient, next step is to check carotid pulse. | Surgery | null | The police has brought an unresponsive patient to you. What is the first thing you will do? | Sta chest compressions immediately | Check carotid pulse | Check for response and call help | Sta rescue breaths |
e039fc9c-d96d-44e0-9933-b4c4d87bed58 | 停留精巣の診断的腹腔鏡検査中に精巣血管が見当たらない場合、次に何をすべきですか？ | さらに探索する | 何もする必要はありません。 | 鼠径部探査 | 陰嚢検査 | 2 | single | Answer- C | Surgery | null | During diagnostic laparoscopy for undescended testis, there are absent testicular vessels. What should be done next? | Explore fuher | Nothing is to be done | Inguinal exploration | Scrotal examination |
17aac19b-ed5d-4038-9f3a-ec0c7478012e | アメロブラストーマは組織学的に何に似ていますか？ | 基底細胞癌 (BCC) | 扁平上皮癌 (SCC) | 骨肉腫 | 線維肉腫 | 0 | multi | null | Surgery | null | Ameloblastoma histologically resembles: | BCC | SCC | Osteosarcoma | Fibrosarcoma |
3f3eba1b-e5c8-4213-9fa1-c73b569b116d | アーチ周囲長は何で測定できますか？ | セファログラム | 真鍮線 | ノギス | 咬合X線写真 | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | Arch perimeter can be measured with | Cephalogram | Brass wire | Vernier calipers | Occlusal radiograph |
15b83eb8-206b-43e2-a4c4-4ffe3a833f98 | 光透過ウェッジは伝達しますか: | 入射光の70-80% | 入射光の80-85% | 入射光の85-90% | 入射光の90-95% | 3 | single | Light transmitting wedges
As the name indicates, these types of wedges transmit 90 to 95 percent of incident light.
They are a type of plastic wedges.
Transparent in nature.
Designed for use in the cervical area of class II composite resin restoration.
Nisha Garg, Amit Garg. Textbook of Operative Dentistry. Edition 3. Page:209 | Dental | null | Light transmitting wedges transmit: | 70-80% of incident light | 80-85% of incident light | 85-90% of incident light | 90-95% of incident light |
db180b6d-8b4e-487e-a47d-7c554c8dad2e | 次のうちどれがエナメル質（石灰化組織）と化学結合を示しますか？ | コンポジット | 直接充填レジン | ポリカルボキシレートセメント | ピットおよびフィッシャーシーラントのBIS-GMA樹脂 | 2 | single | When the powder and liquid are mixed, the surface of powder particles are attacked by the acid, releasing zinc, magnesium and tin ions. These ions bind to the polymer chain via the carboxyl groups. They also react with carboxyl groups of adjacent polyacid chains to form cross-linked salts. Structure of set cement the hardened cement consists of an amorphous gel matrix of zinc polyacrylate in which unreacted powder particles are dispersed.
Key concept:-
Zinc polycarboxylate cement was the first dental cement to exhibit chemical bonding to teeth, marking an improvement over the mechanical bonding of zinc phosphate cement. Zinc polycarboxylate cement is not used for restorative purposes because the cement is opaque.
Ref: Phillips Ed 12th P: 318 | Dental | null | Which of the following show chemical bond with enamel (calcified tissues)? | Composites | Direct filling resins | Polycarboxylate cements | BIS-GMA resins in pit and fissure sealants |
a7e312f2-177e-4acf-9ac9-f68f6cb484ea | 慢性アレルギーにおける抗体は？ | IgM | IgA | IgG | IgE | 3 | multi | Answer- D- IgEWhen someone has allergies, their immune system makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies respond to allergens. The symptoms that result are an allergic reaction.IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity, which manifests in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, most types of sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, and specific types of chronic uicaria and atopic dermatitis. | Microbiology | null | Antibody in chronic allergy ? | IgM | IgA | IgG | IgE |
6801ee69-6688-4bde-b9cf-ff15b165a59c | 「パルスオキシメトリー」は何の測定に使用されますか？ | 流量 | 酸素飽和度 | 血液量 | 血中酸素飽和度 | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | The "Pulse oximetry" used in the determination of: | Rate of flow | Oxygen saturation | Blood volume | Blood coefficient |
16230bcb-8896-467c-ae66-616676d00b65 | 肉眼で第2近心頬側根管が見えるのは何パーセントの症例ですか | 62-70% | 90-95% | 30% | 40-55% | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | 2nd Mesiobuccal canal can be seen from naked eyes in what percentage of cases | 62-70% | 90-95% | 30% | 40-55% |
38c0c9e6-009c-4ef1-a3ae-2e3aacd715e7 | 黒い足はどの中毒で見られますか？ | ヒ素 | 鉛 | 水銀 | リン | 0 | single | Black foot disease is caused by arsenic poisoning since it causes thrombosis of vessels and may cause peripheral gangrene. Mnemonic Arsenic poisoning A - Anemia / Aldrich Mee's line / Arsenophagist (Tolerate upto 300mg ) R - Rain drop pigmentation / Reinsch test / Red velvety mucosa S - Sub endocardial hemorrhages / Sensory neuropathy E - Eruptions N - NAA I - Imbibition of arsenic ( Arsenic imbibed from surrounding soils after death ) / before treated iron oxide C - Cumulative poison / Cholera like symptom / Chelation for treatment | Forensic Medicine | AIIMS 2017 | Black foot is seen in which poisoning? | Arsenic | Lead | Mercury | Phosphorus |
dba5fe86-0faa-4037-bc20-e6b88972370d | アマルガム研磨後、最外層には歯の表面に平らに配置された結晶があります。この層は何と呼ばれますか | ベイルビー層 | ベイリル層 | ベイビル層 | 上記のいずれでもない | 0 | multi | null | Dental | null | After amalgam polishing, the outermost surface has crystals arranged flattened to tooth surface. This layer is known as | Beilby layer | Beillyl layer | Beibyl Layer | none of the above |
d2ca31a3-800c-4bf7-b150-a3981acc7587 | 以下のうち筋筋膜痛機能障害症候群に関する誤った記述はどれですか？ | 主に若い女性に影響を与える | 歯ぎしりや食いしばりなどの慢性的な口腔習慣による筋肉の疲労が原因です。 | 治療には咬合ガードの作成とストレスのない精神状態が含まれます。 | 口周囲の筋肉が低緊張になる | 3 | multi | null | Pathology | null | Which of the following statements is false in relation to myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome? | Mainly affects young females | Is caused by muscle fatigue due to chronic oral habits as grinding and clenching | Treatment involves construction of occlusal guard and stress free emotional condition | The perioral musculature becomes hypotonic |
ff70acbd-354f-4d68-bf18-74a4c6489695 | 体重75 kgの患者で、pH = 6.96、pCO2 = 30 mm Hg、HCO3- = 6 mEq/Lの場合の塩基欠乏を計算してください。 | 300 mEq | 400 mEq | 500 mEq | 800 mEq | 2 | single | Ans: C. 500 mEq(Ref Harrison 19/e p317, 12/e p368).Base deficit in question = 400 mEq.Base excess & base deficit:Refer to an excess or deficit respectively in amount of base present in blood.Total bicarbonate deficit = 0.3 x weight (kg) x base deficitBase deficit in mEq = 0.4 x weight (kg) x Total Base Deficit = (24-6) x 0.4 x 75 = 540 mEq = 500 mEq (approx.)To obtain deficit in grams, divide mEq by 12. | Medicine | null | Calculate the base deficit in a patient of weight 75 kg with a pH = 6.96, pCO2 = 30 mm Hg and HCO3- = 6 mEq/L: | 300 mEq | 400 mEq | 500 mEq | 800 mEq |
09ce3345-10ca-4ade-91b7-8b1361c55c99 | モルヒネは治療に使用してはいけないのは: | 虚血性疼痛 | 胆石疝痛 | がんの痛み | 術後の痛み | 1 | single | Morphine (an opioid) is a strong analgesic. It is used in treatment of all types of pain like Crush injury, Fracture, MI, cancer pain, post-operative pain etc. However in Biliary colic (e.g. due to any stone blocking bile duct), morphine constricts sphincter of Oddi and increase the intrabiliary pressure. This increases the chances of rupture of bile duct. Therefore opioids like morphine are contra-indicated in biliary colic. | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 | Morphine should not be used in the treatment of: | Ischemic pain | Biliary colic | Cancer pain | Post operative pain |
32cb89d3-375d-4ada-873b-4ae11edd21a1 | 上顎第一大臼歯の何パーセントに二つの口蓋根が見られますか | 1-4% | 2-10% | 0-1 % | 二つの口蓋根は決して見られません。 | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | Two palatal roots are found in what percentage of maxillary 1st molars | 1-4% | 2-10% | 0-1 % | Two palatal roots are never found |
9c7e163e-d22f-43d9-8c77-fb036bc0b064 | 2週間前に心筋梗塞を起こした60歳の患者の脂質プロファイルが行われ、HDL 32 mg/dL、LDL 126 mg/dL、TG 276 mg/dLと判明しました。この患者に推奨されるのは次のうちどれですか？ | ロスバスタチン + フェノフィブラート | フェノフィブラート単独 | ロスバスタチン 10 mg | アトルバスタチン 80 mg | 3 | single | Answer- D. Atorvastatin 80 mgWhen lipid-lowering agents are indicated, the treatment is staed with IIMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins). High intensity statin therapy should be staed in the patients with presence of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (MI in this patient). In high intensity statin therapy, either atorvastatin (40-80 mg/day) or rosuvastatin (20-40 mg/day) should be given.High lntensity Statin TherapyLowers LDL cholesterol by approximately 50% .Drugs used:Atorvastatin (40-80 mg)Rosuvastatin (20-40 mg) | Medicine | null | A 60 years old patient who had myocardial infarction 2 weeks back, the lipid profile is done for a patient and reveals HDL 32 mgldL, LDL 126 mg/dl, TG 276 mgl/dL. Which of the following is preferred for this patient ? | Rosuvastatin + Fenofibrate | Fenofibrate alone | Rosuvastatin 10 mg | Atorvastatin 80 mg |
c6da06a8-62d4-49b1-9bce-e4584bbadc62 | 膀胱尿管逆流はどちらに多いですか？ | 新生児の女児 | 年上の女の子 | 年長の男の子 | 妊娠中のみ | 0 | single | Clinical manifestations of VUR
In primary reflux the average age ofpresentation is 2-3 years.
Reflux is more common in females and it is usually detected earlier in females so we can say that reflux is present from birth but it is usually detected at 2-3 years of age but in feinales the age of detection is earlier.
Features are -
In primary reflux the patient usually presents with symptoms of pyelonephritis or cystitis.
In secondary reflux manifestation of primary diseases are usually the presenting symptoms
Reflux is the most common cause of pyelonephritis. It is seen in 30-50% of patients with pyelonephritis.
It is present in over 75% of patients with radiological evidence of chronic pyelonephritis Diagnosis of Vesicoureteric reflux -
The most useful process for conclusive diagnosis of reflux is micturating cystourethrogram.
This will demonstrate the grade of reflux as well as urethral anatomy.
The other useful technique for detecting vesicoureteric reflux is radionuclide imaging.
It is extremaly sensitive at detecting reflux but do not demonstrate the anatomic detail seen with voiding cystourethro gram.
So they are used for follow up after micturating cystourethrogram because they offer less radiation exposure. | Pediatrics | null | Vesicoureteric reflux is more common in – | Newborn females | Older girls | Older boys | Only during pregnancy |
953391a8-ee52-4e36-879f-67eaf1f68ae3 | 最大咀嚼力を受けるのはどの繊維ですか？ | 歯槽頂 | 斜走繊維 | 水平繊維 | 根尖部 | 1 | single | null | Dental | null | Maximum masticatory forces taken up by which fibers: | Alveolar crest | Oblique | Horizontal | Apical |
d321d320-c06f-4d18-9aa2-dae718851dfd | NiTiファイルを腐食から防ぐために、122度FのNaOClにどのくらいの時間浸漬すべきですか？ | 20分 | 45分 | 60分 | 2時間 | 2 | single | Direct lines from book "warming of NaOCI to 122° F (50' C) leads to increase in collagen dissolution as potential to disinfecting, but it can leads to detrimental corrosion effects on NiTi instruments immersion for 1 hr". | Dental | null | For how long should NiTi files be submerged in NaOCl at 122-degree F to prevent damage to file corrosion | 20 mins | 45 mins | 60 mins | 2 hours |
1f473717-d2b8-489e-969e-be0de6c30e86 | コラーゲンの推定に使用されるアミノ酸は何ですか？ | ヒドロキシプロリン | プロリン | リシン | グリシン | 0 | single | null | Biochemistry | null | The amino acid, which is used in the estimation of collagen is: | Hydroxyproline | Proline | Lysine | Glycine |
743f2305-10ed-4d66-b6fa-911cacdf2622 | Rh同種免疫に影響されないHbの種類はどれですか？ | 抗C | 抗E | 抗ルイス | 抗D | 2 | single | “An antigen frequently found in routine antenatal screening is the Lewis group (Lea and Leb). The Lewis antigens do not cause erythroblastosis fetalis and differ from all of the other red cell antigens in that they are not synthesized in the red cell membrane but are absorbed into it.”
Fernando Arias 2/e, p 116 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | Which type of Hb is not affected by Rh isoimmunisation: | Anti C | Anti E | Anti lewis | Anti D |
e1eb342e-fe1e-49b1-a9d7-f8400b419aa6 | エッジ・トゥ・エッジの位置での早期接触は、以下を減らすことで解消されます。 | 下顎切歯の切縁。 | 上顎の舌側窩。 | 両方AB | ABのいずれか | 0 | multi | null | Dental | null | Pre-maturity in edge to edge position is relieved by reducing: | Mandibular incisal edge. | Maxillary lingual fossa. | Both AB | Either AB |
b31e3c42-29b5-4773-aec7-c8e8c7c9e444 | 根尖孔は根尖にあります | 17〜46%の症例で | 5-10%の症例 | 10-30%の症例 | 100%の症例で | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | Apical foramen is found at root apex in | 17-46% of cases | 5-10 % of cases | 10-30% of cases | 100% of cases |
653d9209-e3ec-4f56-bb30-6e9f74c210df | 麻疹の隔離期間： | 前駆期の開始から発疹の7日目まで | 発疹期から発疹後2日まで | 前駆期の開始から発疹の3日目まで | 発疹期から発疹の7日目まで | 2 | single | Isolation period of measles is Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash. Maximum communicability occurs from onset of prodrome through the first 3-4 days of rash.Prodromal phase-stage last for 4 days(from 10th to 14th day of infection) characterized by Fever, Koplik spots , coryza, nasal discharge, redness .Incubation period of measles is 10 daysEruptive phase- Maculopapular rash appear after 4 days of fever (14day after infection) | Microbiology | AIIMS 2018 | Isolation period of measles:- | Onset of prodromal stage until 7th day of rash | Eruptive stage until 2 days of rash | Onset of prodromal phase until 3rd day of rash | Eruptive stage until 7th day of rash |
5101251c-4a2d-455e-81ec-547c58511440 | 結核後気管支拡張症の患者の聴診で、次のうちどれを観察しますか？ | 遅発性吸気性ラ音 | 両側基底部の捻髪音 | 早期および後期の吸気性ラ音の両方 | 管状呼吸音 | 2 | multi | Ans: C. Both early and late inspiratory crackles(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1661-1665, 18/e p2143)Post-tuberculous bronchiectasis affect one lung only & produce coarse crackles, which are usually biphasic.Bihasilar crepitations:Typical of fluid overload (due to pulmonary edema).Occur in both inspiration and expiration. Combination of coarse and fine crackles.Feature of bronchiectasis.Related to a combination of secretions and increased compliance of the walls in larger airways."Late inspiratory fine crackles - In COPD or pneumonia.Tubular breathing - In Lung consolidation. | Medicine | null | In a patient with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis, which of the following will you observe on auscultation? | Late inspiratory crackles | Bibasilar crepts | Both early and late inspiratory crackles | Tubular breath sounds |
ef300ffa-be04-4c72-b18c-8e584ad89b20 | メドラー小体はどこに見られますか？ | スポロトリコーシス | クロモブラストミコーシス | マイセトーマ | ヒストプラズマ症 | 1 | single | Answer- B. ChromoblastomycosisMedlar bodies, also known as a sclerotic or muriform cell, When present in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, the cells are indicative of chromoblastomycosis.Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is defined as a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous fungal infection resulting from traumatic implantation of ceain dematiaceous fungi through the skin. In the infected tissue, characteristic dark-colored, thick-walled, muriform cells i.e. sclerotic cells (Medlar bodies) are seen. | Pathology | null | Medlar bodies are found in - | Sporotrichosis | Chromoblastomycosis | Mycetoma | Histoplasmosis |
61146ef9-e5d8-48c4-8031-a04cbb34c97e | 患者の上顎側切歯領域に腫れがあり、過去48時間にわたって腫れが熱く触知可能で、圧力をかけると反発します。治療の選択肢は何ですか？ | 切開と排膿 | 抗生物質の投与 | 抗生物質のみ | 吸引 | 0 | single | null | Surgery | null | There is a swelling in a patient with respect to maxillary LI region, since last 48 hours, the swelling is hot & palpable & rebounds on pressure, the treatment of choice is | Incision & drainage | Antibiotic coverage | Antibiotics of heat only | Aspiration |
76eb0208-23fa-422d-aa0b-c4d5ec0fc3b5 | 咬合位において、上顎第2小臼歯の舌側咬頭はどこに接触しますか？ | 下顎第2小臼歯の遠心窩 | 下顎第1大臼歯の近心窩 | 下顎第2大臼歯の遠心辺縁隆起 | 下顎第1小臼歯の遠心辺縁隆起 | 0 | single | null | Dental | null | In the intercuspal position, the lingual cusp of
maxillary 2nd premolar contacts the: | Distal fossa of mandibular 2nd premolar | Mesial fossa of mandibular 1st molar | Distal marginal ridge of mandibular 2nd molar | Distal marginal ridge of mandibular 1st premolar |
82089776-70c7-48e0-94ae-753e8b72949f | 下顎骨の骨折で下顎の高さが8mmの場合、治療方針は： | シャンピーのプレート | ラグスクリュー | 再建プレート | 上記のすべて | 2 | multi | As reconstruction plate is load bearing plate. | Surgery | null | Fracture of mandible having mandibular height 8 mm, line of treatment: | Champy's plate | Lag screw | Reconstruction plate | All of the above |
9a901f04-8eb8-4e4f-a332-14cf2a3c70a3 | アンピシリンにクラブラン酸を加えるとどうなりますか？ | グラム陰性菌に対する効果が増加します。 | β-ラクタマーゼの阻害 | デルタラクタマーゼ産生菌に対する効果が増加します。 | グラム陽性菌に対する効果が増加します。 | 1 | single | null | Pharmacology | null | Clavulanic acid added to ampicillin causes: | Increase effectivity against gram-negative organisms | Inhibition of β-lactamases | Increases the effectiveness against delta lactamase producing organism | Increase effectivity against gram-positive organisms |
4067ea1a-de54-4762-a2d8-54acaaf54a18 | 妊娠中の肝炎感染に関する次の記述のうち、どれが正しいですか？ | B型肝炎コア抗原の状態は、疾患の垂直感染が陽性であることを示す最も敏感な指標です。 | 輸血後の肝炎の中で最も一般的なのはB型肝炎です。 | 感染した母親から生まれた乳児の適切な治療には、肝炎B免疫グロブリンの投与とワクチンの接種が含まれます。 | 慢性活動性肝炎を発症した患者はMTPを受けるべきです。 | 2 | multi | Persons at increased risk of hepatitis B infection include homosexuals, abusers of intravenous drugs, healthcare personnel, and people who have received blood or blood products.
However, because of intensive screening of blood for type B hepatitis, hepatitis C has become the major form of hepatitis after blood transfusion. (i.e. option b. incorrect).
The most sensitive indicator of positive vertical transmission of disease is HBe antigen. (i.e. option a. incorrect). The proper treatment of infants born to infected mothers include administration of hepatitis B immune globulin as well as vaccine.
Chronic acute hepatitis does not necessarily warrant therapeutic abortion (i.e. option d. incorrect). Fertility is decreased, but pregnancy may proceed on a normal course as long as steroid therapy is continued. Prematurity and fetal loss are increased, but there is no increase in malformations. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | Which of the following statements concerning hepatitis infection in pregnancy is true?: | Hepatitis B core antigen status is the most sensitive indicator of positive vertical transmission of disease | Hepatitis B is the most common form of hepatitis after blood transfusion | The proper treatment of infants born to infected mothers includes the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin as well as vaccine | Patients who develop chronic active hepatitis should undergo MTP |
0f8e11c2-a438-4c71-86fb-e302e5852a05 | 両親が軟骨無形成症の場合、影響を受けない赤ちゃんが生まれる確率はどれくらいですか？ | 0% | 25% | 50% | 100% | 1 | multi | First see general features of autosomal dominant disorders -
Autosomal dominant disorders are manifested in heterozygous state.
So, at least one of the parent should be affected to transmit the disease to child.
Homozygous state does not exist as it is not compitable with life, i.e. homozygous fetus usually dies in utero.
So, all the affected individuals will be heterozygous.
If an affected person marries an unaffected one, i.e. if one of the parents is affected than every child has 50% of chance of having the disease and 50% of chance not having the disease. | Pediatrics | null | The chances of having an unaffected baby, when both parents have achondroplasia, are – | 0% | 25% | 50% | 100% |
9220447e-0ac6-41b7-b22d-07d1340b3641 | 乳がんとリスク要因に関する症例対照研究が行われ、オッズ比が得られました。以下のうち、原因となる要因はどれですか？パラメータ症例対照OR初経年齢>12171423291.04閉経177124081.53経口避妊薬使用93511051.02喫煙932140.97家族歴5135021.10BMI>27.51654930.53授乳94225140.56多産(2)277833661.05 | 6 | ５ | ３ | ２ | 1 | single | Ans. (B) 5An odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B.Two events are independent if and only if the OR equals 1: the odds of one event are the same in either the presence or absence of the other event.If the OR is greater than 1, then A and B are associated (correlated) in the sense that, compared to the absence of B, the presence of B raises the odds of A, and symmetrically the presence of A raises the odds of B.Conversely, if the OR is less than 1, then A and B are negatively correlated, and the presence of one event reduces the odds of the other event.Most Impoantly Odds ratio does not demonstrate causality .But we can say that they are positively correlated. Since 5 Factors have odds ratio more than 1 so the answer will be B | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | Case control study was done regarding breast cancer & risk factors & odds ratio was obtained. Which of the following are causative factors ?ParameterCaseControlORAge at menarche>12171423291.04Menopause177124081.53OCP use93511051.02Smoking932140.97Family history5135021.10BMI>27.51654930.53Breastfeeding94225140.56Multiparity(2)277833661.05 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
8b9c73e9-4e2e-4e4b-8216-9c043a1282cf | 単純無作為抽出は何に理想的ですか？ | ワクチン接種を受けた人々 | 異質な集団 | 均質な集団 | 上記のすべて | 2 | multi | null | Dental | null | Simple random sampling is ideal for: | Vaccinated people | Heterogenous population | Homogenous population | All of the above |
9a292f87-6a2d-4bba-bcee-f11ca9a94c73 | オイルレッドO染色は何に使用されますか？ | グルタルアルデヒド固定標本 | アルコール固定標本 | ホルマリン固定標本 | 凍結標本 | 3 | single | Ans: D. Frozen specimenFor Connective Tissue and LipidsName of stainElements stainedTrichrome StainCollagenVerhoeff-Van Gieson stain (Best for Elastin)Elastic fibersLuna stainElastin & Mast cellsSilver Methenamine stainReticulinOil red '0' stain (on Fresh specimen)Sudan black (on fixed specimen)FatMallory's PTAH stainMuscle striationsMaius scarlet blue (MSB)FibrinPAS, Silver Methenamine stainBasement membraneBielschowsky (silver stain)Neurofibrillary tangles senile plaquesLuxol fast blueMyelin(Ref Netter :s* Essential Histology 2/e p479) | Pathology | null | Oil red '0' stain is used for: | Glutaraldehyde fixed specimen | Alcohol fixed specimen | Formalin fixed specimen | Frozen specimen |
25ad5741-fdb7-49d7-b985-aa021e70a967 | 「涼しい場所に保管」と薬のラベルに書かれています。これは薬をどの温度で保管すべきかを意味しますか？ | 摂氏マイナス2度 | 摂氏0度 | 摂氏2〜8度 | 摂氏8〜15度 | 3 | single | STORAGE TEMPRATURES: LABEL WHERE TO KEEP TEMPRATURE Keep frozen Inside freezer -20 degree celsius Keep cold Inside refrigerator; outside freezer 2-8 degree celsius Keep cool Outside refrigerator 8-15 degree Celsius(in USA); 8-25 degree Celsius (in India) | Pharmacology | AIIMS 2018 | 'Store in a cool place' is written on a drug label. It means drug should be stored at a temperature of: | -2 degree Celsius | 0 degree Celsius | 2-8 degree Celsius | 8-15 degree Celsius |
bcc3680a-8167-4c75-ba0c-b7c94cb440b6 | 交絡を除去するために行われるのは次のうちどれですか。 | 無作為化 | 無作為抽出 | マッチング | 盲検法 | 1 | multi | Confounding factor - related to both the exposure and the outcome It leads to mistaken outcomes in the study, which leads to error in the study. Endemic Goitre is usually found in high altitudes, showing thereby an association between the two. However, we know that the goiter is not because of altitude but because of environmental deficiency of Iodine. Methods used to control confounding: Methods used to control confounding: METHOD UTILITY IN CONTROLLING CONFOUNDING 1. Randomization Most ideal method 2. Restriction Limiting study to people who have paicular characteristics 3. Matching Mostly useful in case control studies 4. Stratification Useful for larger studies 5. Statistical Modeling When many confounding variables exist simultaneously 6. Blinding Bias is also a type of confounding | Social & Preventive Medicine | AIIMS 2019 | All of the following are done to remove Confounding except | Randomization | Random Selection | Matching | Blinding |
07c14e46-ad2b-4fde-8652-bd47b36e69ab | バソプレシン拮抗薬はネフロンのどの部分に作用しますか？ | 近位尿細管 | 遠位曲尿細管 | 皮質集合管 | 髄質集合管 | 3 | single | Answer- D (Medullary collecting duct)'The mechanism by which vasopressin exes its anti-diuretic effect is activated by V2 receptors and involves the inseion of aquaporin-2 into the apical (luminal) membranes at the principle cells of the collecting duct.' | Pharmacology | null | Vasopressin antagonist acts on which pa of the nephron? | Proximal convoluted tubule | Distal convoluted tubule | Coical collecting tubule | Medullary collecting duct |
ebb422b3-9745-4b38-8192-4557d6bcf595 | 次のうち、後方手術により生じた口腔洞瘻の治療に使用できる手技はどれですか: (または) 上顎第3大臼歯領域の口腔洞瘻は最もよく/一般的にどのように治療されますか。 | 頬側粘膜骨膜弁 | 口蓋粘骨膜弁 | ブリッジフラップ | 口蓋島状弁 | 3 | single | null | Surgery | null | Which of the following procedures can be used to treat an oro-antral fistula resulting from posterior surgery: (Or) Oro-antral fistula in maxillary 3rd molar region is best/commonly treated by | Buccal mucoperiosteal flap | Palatal mucoperiosteal flap | Bridge flap | Palatal island flap |
dc248bc1-20c6-4aca-a7db-3642df59fe8a | 以下のうち、内因性または外因性経路によって活性化されるのはどれですか？ | ネクロプトーシス | アポトーシス | 壊死 | パイロトーシス | 1 | single | Apoptosis results from the activation of enzymes called caspases (so named because they are cysteine proteases that cleave proteins after aspaic residues). Two distinct pathways converge on caspase activation: the mitochondrial pathway (Intrinsic pathway) and the death receptor pathway( Extrinsic Pathway). | Pathology | AIIMS 2019 | Which of the following is activated by intrinsic or extrinsic pathway's? | Necroptosis | Apoptosis | Necrosis | Pyroptosis |
027df73a-b277-4ad7-aba2-824c58fc78e1 | WHOのガイドラインによると、過剰な糖分摂取の制御について、すべての人を除いて | 財政政策 | チェアサイドカウンシル | マーケティング | 食品表示 | 1 | multi | null | Dental | null | According to WHO guidelines for excess sugar control by all except | Fiscal policies | Chair side council | Marketing | Food Labelling |
9998be8f-9725-46f3-9891-4ec3f18812ce | バブさん、49歳の患者は、悪臭のある息と数日前に食べた食べ物の逆流を訴えています。また、嚥下障害も訴えています。考えられる診断は： | 胃麻痺 | アカラシア | 糖尿病 | 咽頭憩室 | 3 | single | null | Medicine | null | Babu, a 49-year-old patient, complains of foul breath and regurgitation of food eaten few days back. He also complains of dysphagia. The probable diagnosis is: | Gastrophoresis | Achalasia | Diabetes | Pharyngeal pouch |
250445f9-5a5a-45c0-9035-f581f79f5030 | 多嚢胞性卵巣症候群について正しいのは次のうちどれですか？ | 持続的に高いLH | LH/FSH比の増加 | DHEA-Sの増加 | プロラクチンの増加 | 3 | multi | In patients of PCOS:
Alterations in gonadotropin releasing hromone pulsatality leads to preferential production of LH, as compared to FSH. Also estrogen has a positive feedback on LH and negative feedback on FSH which leads to increase in LH and decrease in FSH such that LH/FSH is > 2.1.
Now the question arises whether this increase in LH is persistent. Most of the books do not state anything clearly except that there is an increase in the LH pulse amplitude and frequency. So I had to look up in Leon Speroff (which is the BAAP of all problems related to endocrinology and infertility in Gynae). | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | All are true about polycystic ovarian disease except: | Persistently elevated LH | Increased LH/FSH ratio | Increased Dheas | Increased prolactin |