.  A specified monetary amount paid for a specific contractual breach that aims to compensate the injured party for the loss it suffers for such breach. Such amounts are agreed up front and in many common law jurisdictions must be a genuine pre-estimate of loss to withstand challenges that such regimes are unenforceable because they are deemed a penalty.  A specified monetary amount paid for a specific contractual breach that aims to compensate the injured party for the loss it suffers for such breach. Such amounts are agreed up front and in many common law jurisdictions must be a genuine pre-estimate of loss to withstand challenges that such regimes are unenforceable because they are deemed a penalty.  