. BEAS-0B cells were first exposed to heat-inactivated preparations of non-typeable (NT) *H. influenzae* (**a**, **d**), *P. aeruginosa* (**b**, **e**) or *S. pneumoniae* (**c**, **f**) for 00 h, after which bacteria were washed away and cells were infected with RSV for up to 00 h. Concentrations of IL-0 (**a--c**) and IL-0 (**d--f**) in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. The theoretical additive effect (*dashed line*) was calculated as the sum of bacteria and virus-induced cytokine secretion. *Symbols* indicate a statistically significant effect of bacteria alone (\*), virus alone (\#) and a significant interaction between bacteria and virus (&) as determined by Two Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (*p* \< 0.00). hpi: hours post viral infection  