 Protein Extraction Reagent (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. The protein concentration for each samples were determined while using a Bradford reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA, USA). The expression levels of Erk, p-Erk, JNK, p-JNK, p00MAPK, p-p00MAPK, p00NF-κB, p-p00NF-κB (0:0000 dilution; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and 