 observed for the operated groups (sham 0 h, VNS 0 h) compared to the control group for the pentobarbital anesthetized rats (p\<0.00).](pone.0000000.g000){#pone-0000000-g000}  ![Quantification of splenic T CD0 for isoflurane and pentobarbital anesthetized rats.\ The number of splenic T CD0 lymphocytes isolated from rats anesthetized with isoflurane or pentobarbital was analysed with flow cytometry in the different groups (control, sham 0 h, VNS 0 h). n = 00 rats per groups. \*: p\<0.00. A significant decrease was observed for the VNS 0 h group compared to the sham 0 h group for the isoflurane anesthetized rats. A significant decrease 