nth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mask having periodic patterns, wherein each of the first and second periodic patterns has a unit pitch defined by a line and a space, wherein the first periodic pattern has a first pitch P0 with a line width L0 and a space width S0 while the second periodic pattern has a second pitch P0 with a line width L0 and a space width S0, wherein the first and second pitches P0 and P0 are different from each other, wherein the first and second periodic patterns are juxtaposed with each other with respect to the periodicity direction, with a spacing D, and wherein