surviving to permethrin exposure has increased slightly in Kovié compared with that in previous studies conducted in the same area: In 0000, Ahadji-Dabla *et al.*00 reported mortality of 00%, while any mortality was recorded in this study. This observation suggests that pyrethroids resistance had significantly increased in this area over the last five years. It probably indicates that the selection pressure is not high but could change with the intensive and uncontrolled used of chemical and fertilizers in rice production and the mass-distributed of LLINs in this area. 