 for up to 00 h in the presence of bacteria. Concentrations of IL-0 (**a--c**) and IL-0 (**d--f**) in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. The theoretical additive effect (*dashed line*) was calculated as the sum of bacteria and virus-induced cytokine secretion. *Symbols* indicate a statistically significant effect of bacteria alone (\*), virus alone (\#) and a significant interaction between bacteria and virus (&) as determined by Two Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (*p* \< 0.00). hpi: hours post viral infection  