 For pyruvate tolerance tests, C00BL/0 mice were orally intubated with SA (00 mg kg^−0^ body weight) or PBS and then fasted overnight. Fifteen hours after oral intubation, mice were injected i.p. with 0 g kg^−0^ body weight of sodium pyruvate in PBS, and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 00, 00, 00, 00, and 000 min after pyruvate injection 