 such that ![ $$\\mathcal{J}_{0}$$ ](A000000_0_En_0_Chapter_IEq000.gif) is a "yes" instance of ![ $$\\mathcal{P}_{0}$$ ](A000000_0_En_0_Chapter_IEq000.gif) if and only if ![ $$\\mathcal{J}_{0}$$ ](A000000_0_En_0_Chapter_IEq000.gif) is a "yes" instance of ![ $$\\mathcal{P}_{0}$$ ](A000000_0_En_0_Chapter_IEq000.gif). 