  Philosopher John Gray meditates not just on AQ's ideology, but in giving us his take on related matters such as the decline of the West's intellectual and ideological legitimacy and the checkered history of American foreign policy, makes a strong case for cultural pluralism as the best defense against an all-too-familiar fundamentalism.  Philosopher John Gray meditates not just on AQ's ideology, but in giving us his take on related matters such as the decline of the West's intellectual and ideological legitimacy and the checkered history of American foreign policy, makes a strong case for cultural pluralism as the best defense against an all-too-familiar fundamentalism.