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NeuLab @ LTI/CMU 62

Converting integer to string

convert `a` to string

str(a)

Method to sort a list of lists?

sort list of lists `L` by the second item in each list

L.sort(key=operator.itemgetter(1))

How do I add space between two variables after a print in Python

Print variable `count` and variable `conv` with space string ' ' in between

print(str(count) + ' ' + str(conv))

Pandas changing cell values based on another cell

change NaN values in dataframe `df` using preceding values in the frame

df.fillna(method='ffill', inplace=True)

Is there a way to make the Tkinter text widget read only?

change the state of the Tkinter `Text` widget to read only i.e. `disabled`

text.config(state=DISABLED)

Python sum of ASCII values of all characters in a string

python sum of ascii values of all characters in a string `string`

sum(map(ord, string))

How to apply itertools.product to elements of a list of lists?

apply itertools.product to elements of a list of lists `arrays`

list(itertools.product(*arrays))

print number with commas as thousands separators

print number `value` as thousands separators

'{:,}'.format(value)

print number with commas as thousands separators

print number 1255000 as thousands separators

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'en_US') locale.format('%d', 1255000, grouping=True)

How to pass through a list of queries to a pandas dataframe, and output the list of results?

get rows of dataframe `df` where column `Col1` has values `['men', 'rocks', 'mountains']`

df[df.Col1.isin(['men', 'rocks', 'mountains'])]

Accessing a value in a tuple that is in a list

get the value at index 1 for each tuple in the list of tuples `L`

[x[1] for x in L]

splitting unicode string into words

split unicode string "раз два три" into words

'\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438'.split()

Django - How to sort queryset by number of character in a field

sort query set by number of characters in a field `length` in django model `MyModel`

MyModel.objects.extra(select={'length': 'Length(name)'}).order_by('length')

Python - Choose a dictionary in list which key is closer to a global value

get a dictionary in list `dicts` which key 'ratio' is closer to a global value 1.77672955975

min(dicts, key=lambda x: (abs(1.77672955975 - x['ratio']), -x['pixels']))

Finding missing values in a numpy array

get the non-masked values of array `m`

m[~m.mask]

Use of findall and parenthesis in Python

Find all words containing letters between A and Z in string `formula`

re.findall('\\b[A-Z]', formula)

How to define two-dimensional array in python

create a list `matrix` containing 5 lists, each of 5 items all set to 0

matrix = [([0] * 5) for i in range(5)]

Creating a numpy array of 3D coordinates from three 1D arrays

creating a numpy array of 3d coordinates from three 1d arrays `x_p`, `y_p` and `z_p`

np.vstack(np.meshgrid(x_p, y_p, z_p)).reshape(3, -1).T

How to find the minimum value in a numpy matrix?

find the minimum value in a numpy array `arr` excluding 0

arr[arr != 0].min()

Python Selenium: Find object attributes using xpath

get the text of multiple elements found by xpath "//*[@type='submit']/@value"

browser.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[@type='submit']/@value").text

Python Selenium: Find object attributes using xpath

find all the values in attribute `value` for the tags whose `type` attribute is `submit` in selenium

browser.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[@type='submit']").get_attribute('value')

parse a YAML file

parse a YAML file "example.yaml"

with open('example.yaml', 'r') as stream: try: print((yaml.load(stream))) except yaml.YAMLError as exc: print(exc)

parse a YAML file

parse a YAML file "example.yaml"

with open('example.yaml') as stream: try: print((yaml.load(stream))) except yaml.YAMLError as exc: print(exc)

How to swap a group of column headings with their values in Pandas

Sort the values of the dataframe `df` and align the columns accordingly based on the obtained indices after np.argsort.

pd.DataFrame(df.columns[np.argsort(df.values)], df.index, np.unique(df.values))

Getting today's date in YYYY-MM-DD in Python?

Getting today's date in YYYY-MM-DD

datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

How to urlencode a querystring in Python?

urlencode a querystring 'string_of_characters_like_these:$#@=?%^Q^$' in python 2

urllib.parse.quote_plus('string_of_characters_like_these:$#@=?%^Q^$')

python sorting dictionary by length of values

sort a dictionary `d` by length of its values and print as string

print(' '.join(sorted(d, key=lambda k: len(d[k]), reverse=True)))

convert list of tuples to multiple lists in Python

convert tuple elements in list `[(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),]` into lists

map(list, zip(*[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]))

convert list of tuples to multiple lists in Python

map(list, zip(*[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]))

convert list of tuples to multiple lists in Python

zip(*[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)])

Create a list of tuples with adjacent list elements if a condition is true

create a list of tuples which contains number 9 and the number before it, for each occurrence of 9 in the list 'myList'

[(x, y) for x, y in zip(myList, myList[1:]) if y == 9]

How can i set proxy with authentication in selenium chrome web driver using python

navigate to webpage given by url `http://www.python.org` using Selenium

driver.get('http://www.google.com.br')

Python reversing an UTF-8 string

reverse a UTF-8 string 'a'

b = a.decode('utf8')[::-1].encode('utf8')

Extracting date from a string in Python

extract date from a string 'monkey 2010-07-32 love banana'

dparser.parse('monkey 2010-07-32 love banana', fuzzy=True)

Extracting date from a string in Python

extract date from a string 'monkey 20/01/1980 love banana'

dparser.parse('monkey 20/01/1980 love banana', fuzzy=True)

Extracting date from a string in Python

extract date from a string `monkey 10/01/1980 love banana`

dparser.parse('monkey 10/01/1980 love banana', fuzzy=True)

Efficient way to convert a list to dictionary

Convert a list `['A:1', 'B:2', 'C:3', 'D:4']` to dictionary

dict(map(lambda s: s.split(':'), ['A:1', 'B:2', 'C:3', 'D:4']))

How can I check if a string contains ANY letters from the alphabet?

check if string `the_string` contains any upper or lower-case ASCII letters

re.search('[a-zA-Z]', the_string)

Converting a Pandas GroupBy object to DataFrame

convert a pandas `df1` groupby object to dataframe

DataFrame({'count': df1.groupby(['Name', 'City']).size()}).reset_index()

Removing all non-numeric characters from string in Python

remove all non-numeric characters from string `sdkjh987978asd098as0980a98sd `

re.sub('[^0-9]', '', 'sdkjh987978asd098as0980a98sd')

List comprehension with if statement

get items from list `a` that don't appear in list `b`

[y for y in a if y not in b]

How to subset a dataset in pandas dataframe?

extract the first four rows of the column `ID` from a pandas dataframe `df`

df.groupby('ID').head(4)

How to unzip a list of tuples into individual lists?

Unzip a list of tuples `l` into a list of lists

zip(*l)

How do I combine two lists into a dictionary in Python?

combine two lists `[1, 2, 3, 4]` and `['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']` into a dictionary

dict(zip([1, 2, 3, 4], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))

How do I combine two lists into a dictionary in Python?

combine two lists `[1, 2, 3, 4]` and `['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']` into a dictionary

dict(zip([1, 2, 3, 4], ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))

How do I get the different parts of a Flask request's url?

retrieve the path from a Flask request

request.url

How to remove ^M from a text file and replace it with the next line

replace carriage return in string `somestring` with empty string ''

somestring.replace('\\r', '')

Best way to encode tuples with json

serialize dictionary `d` as a JSON formatted string with each key formatted to pattern '%d,%d'

simplejson.dumps(dict([('%d,%d' % k, v) for k, v in list(d.items())]))

Converting string into datetime

parse string "Jun 1 2005 1:33PM" into datetime by format "%b %d %Y %I:%M%p"

datetime.strptime('Jun 1 2005 1:33PM', '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')

Converting string into datetime

parse string "Aug 28 1999 12:00AM" into datetime

parser.parse('Aug 28 1999 12:00AM')

Python - Extract folder path from file path

Get absolute folder path and filename for file `existGDBPath `

os.path.split(os.path.abspath(existGDBPath))

Python - Extract folder path from file path

extract folder path from file path

os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(existGDBPath))

Post JSON using Python Requests

Execute a post request to url `http://httpbin.org/post` with json data `{'test': 'cheers'}`

requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', json={'test': 'cheers'})

Python - Remove dictionary from list if key is equal to value

remove dictionary from list `a` if the value associated with its key 'link' is in list `b`

a = [x for x in a if x['link'] not in b]

Getting a request parameter in Jinja2

get a request parameter `a` in jinja2

{{request.args.get('a')}}

Python - Create list with numbers between 2 values?

create a list of integers between 2 values `11` and `17`

list(range(11, 17))

type conversion in python from int to float

Change data type of data in column 'grade' of dataframe `data_df` into float and then to int

data_df['grade'] = data_df['grade'].astype(float).astype(int)

Sorting or Finding Max Value by the second element in a nested list. Python

Find the list in a list of lists `alkaline_earth_values` with the max value of the second element.

max(alkaline_earth_values, key=lambda x: x[1])

How to remove leading and trailing zeros in a string? Python

remove leading and trailing zeros in the string 'your_Strip'

your_string.strip('0')

Generating all unique pair permutations

generate a list of all unique pairs of integers in `range(9)`

list(permutations(list(range(9)), 2))

Python regular expression matching a multiline block of text

create a regular expression that matches the pattern '^(.+)(?:\\n|\\r\\n?)((?:(?:\\n|\\r\\n?).+)+)' over multiple lines of text

re.compile('^(.+)(?:\\n|\\r\\n?)((?:(?:\\n|\\r\\n?).+)+)', re.MULTILINE)

Python regular expression matching a multiline block of text

regular expression "^(.+)\\n((?:\\n.+)+)" matching a multiline block of text

re.compile('^(.+)\\n((?:\\n.+)+)', re.MULTILINE)

How do you call a python file that requires a command line argument from within another python file?

Run 'test2.py' file with python location 'path/to/python' and arguments 'neededArgumetGoHere' as a subprocess

call(['path/to/python', 'test2.py', 'neededArgumetGoHere'])

Sort a multidimensional list by a variable number of keys

sort a multidimensional list `a` by second and third column

a.sort(key=operator.itemgetter(2, 3))

Add another tuple to a tuple

Add a tuple with value `another_choice` to a tuple `my_choices`

final_choices = ((another_choice,) + my_choices)

Add another tuple to a tuple

Add a tuple with value `another_choice` to a tuple `my_choices`

final_choices = ((another_choice,) + my_choices)

Find current directory and file's directory

find the current directory

os.getcwd()

Find current directory and file's directory

find the current directory

os.path.realpath(__file__)

Find current directory and file's directory

get the directory name of `path`

os.path.dirname(path)

Find current directory and file's directory

get the canonical path of file `path`

os.path.realpath(path)

Find current directory

Find name of current directory

dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

Find current directory

Find current directory

cwd = os.getcwd()

Find current directory

Find the full path of current directory

full_path = os.path.realpath(__file__)

Sort numpy matrix row values in ascending order

sort array `arr` in ascending order by values of the 3rd column

arr[arr[:, (2)].argsort()]

Sort numpy matrix row values in ascending order

sort rows of numpy matrix `arr` in ascending order according to all column values

numpy.sort(arr, axis=0)

split string on a number of different characters

split string 'a b.c' on space " " and dot character "."

re.split('[ .]', 'a b.c')

copying one file's contents to another in python

copy the content of file 'file.txt' to file 'file2.txt'

shutil.copy('file.txt', 'file2.txt')

What's the best way to generate random strings of a specific length in Python?

generate random upper-case ascii string of 12 characters length

print(''.join(choice(ascii_uppercase) for i in range(12)))

How to merge the elements in a list sequentially in python

merge the elements in a list `lst` sequentially

[''.join(seq) for seq in zip(lst, lst[1:])]

python: rename single column header in pandas dataframe

rename column 'gdp' in dataframe `data` to 'log(gdp)'

data.rename(columns={'gdp': 'log(gdp)'}, inplace=True)

Converting html to text with Python

convert a beautiful soup html `soup` to text

print(soup.get_text())

python: sort a list of lists by an item in the sublist

Sort list `li` in descending order based on the second element of each list inside list`li`

sorted(li, key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)

Pandas - replacing column values

replace value 0 with 'Female' and value 1 with 'Male' in column 'sex' of dataframe `data`

data['sex'].replace([0, 1], ['Female', 'Male'], inplace=True)

Regex punctuation split [Python]

split string 'Words, words, words.' on punctuation

re.split('\\W+', 'Words, words, words.')

Limit the number of sentences in a string

Extract first two substrings in string `phrase` that end in `.`, `?` or `!`

re.match('(.*?[.?!](?:\\s+.*?[.?!]){0,1})', phrase).group(1)

Split string into strings of repeating elements

split string `s` into strings of repeating elements

print([a for a, b in re.findall('((\\w)\\2*)', s)])

How does this function to remove duplicate characters from a string in python work?

Create new string with unique characters from `s` seperated by ' '

print(' '.join(OrderedDict.fromkeys(s)))

How does this function to remove duplicate characters from a string in python work?

create a set from string `s` to remove duplicate characters

print(' '.join(set(s)))

How can i list only the folders in zip archive in Python?

list folders in zip file 'file' that ends with '/'

[x for x in file.namelist() if x.endswith('/')]

How to find the count of a word in a string?

find the count of a word 'Hello' in a string `input_string`

input_string.count('Hello')

Python: reduce (list of strings) -> string

reduce the first element of list of strings `data` to a string, separated by '.'

print('.'.join([item[0] for item in data]))

Dumping subprcess output in a file in append mode

Move the cursor of file pointer `fh1` at the end of the file.

fh1.seek(2)

list of ints into a list of tuples python

convert a flat list into a list of tuples of every two items in the list, in order

print(zip(my_list[0::2], my_list[1::2]))

list of ints into a list of tuples python

group a list of ints into a list of tuples of each 2 elements

my_new_list = zip(my_list[0::2], my_list[1::2])

How to fix: "UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte"

set the default encoding to 'utf-8'

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

Python datetime to string without microsecond component

Formate current date and time to a string using pattern '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

How to retrieve only arabic texts from a string using regular expression?

retrieve arabic texts from string `my_string`

print(re.findall('[\\u0600-\\u06FF]+', my_string))

How to group DataFrame by a period of time?

group dataframe `df` based on minute interval

df.groupby(df.index.map(lambda t: t.minute))

Accessing elements of python dictionary

access value associated with key 'American' of key 'Apple' from dictionary `dict`

dict['Apple']['American']

How to remove rows with null values from kth column onward in python

remove all null values from columns 'three', 'four' and 'five' of dataframe `df2`

df2.dropna(subset=['three', 'four', 'five'], how='all')