Datasets:

microsoft

/

ms_marco

like 85

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The rotation of the Earth creates what is known as the Coriolis force. since the Earth is rotating beneath the wind, the path it follows becomes a curve. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Earth rotates counterclockwise so the wind is deflected to the right. The Southern Hemisphere rotates clockwise deflecting the wind to the left. Regardless, the Coriolis effect only influences the direction of the wind, not its speed.", "Coriolis Force an artifact of the earth's rotation. Once air has been set in motion by the pressure gradient force, it undergoes an apparent deflection from its path, as seen by an observer on the earth. This apparent deflection is called the Coriolis force and is a result of the earth's rotation. As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. ", "The Earth's rotation means that we experience an apparent force known as the Coriolis force. This deflects the direction of the wind to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This is similar to what happens in the northern hemisphere of the Earth, where winds are deflected to the right. This deflection is a major factor in explaining why winds blow anticlockwise around low pressure and clockwise around high pressure in the northern hemisphere and visa versa", "The polar easterlies (also Polar Hadley cells) are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. These prevailing winds blow from the The polar easterlies are one of the five primary wind zones, known as wind belts, that make up our atmosphere's circulatory system. This particular belt of wind begins at approximately 60 degrees north and south latitude and reaches to the poles.", "How Earth's Rotation Affects Winds & Currents. Our planet's rotation produces a force on all bodies moving relative to theEarth. Due to Earth's approximately spherical shape, this force is greatest at the poles and least at the Equator. The force, called the Coriolis effect, causes the direction of winds and ocean currents to be deflected. In the Northern Hemisphere, wind and currents are deflected toward the right, in the Southern Hemisphere they are deflected to the left. ", "Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect causes a deflection in global wind patterns. The anticlockwise rotation of the Earth deflects winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This is similar to what happens in the northern hemisphere of the Earth, where winds are deflected to the right. This deflection is a major factor in explaining why winds blow anticlockwise around low pressure and clockwise around high pressure in the northern hemisphere and visa versa", "Earth's rotation causes the trade winds, in a way. If Earth didn't rotate, the wind at these latitudes would blow straight from the subtropical highs to the ITCZ. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Earth rotates counterclockwise so the wind is deflected to the right. The Southern Hemisphere rotates clockwise deflecting the wind to the left. Regardless, the Coriolis effect only influences the direction of the wind, not its speed.", "Earth's rotation causes the trade winds, in a way. If Earth didn't rotate, the wind at these latitudes would blow straight from the subtropical highs to the ITCZ. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Earth rotates counterclockwise so the wind is deflected to the right. The Southern Hemisphere rotates clockwise deflecting the wind to the left. Regardless, the Coriolis effect only influences the direction of the wind, not its speed.", "The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator. Trade winds originate more from the direction of the poles (northeast in the Northern Hemisphere, southeast in the Southern Hemisphere) during the cold season, and are stronger in the winter than the summer.", "The high air pressure in these belts forces air to move toward a belt of low air pressure along the equator called the doldrums. The air converging at the doldrums rises high over the earth, recirculates poleward, and sinks back toward the earth's surface in the region of the horse latitudes, thus completing a cycle. The air does not move directly north or south because it is deflected by the rotation of the earth. See wind; Coriolis effect. trade winds. trade winds, movement of air toward the equator, from the NE in the Northern Hemisphere and from the SE in the Southern Hemisphere." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_deflection_of_winds_by_the_earths_rotation_is_called", "http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/crls.rxml", "http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/learn-about-the-weather/how-weather-works/coriolis-effect", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_easterlies", "http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/topex/activities/topex_basics/topex07.html", "http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/learn-about-the-weather/how-weather-works/coriolis-effect", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_does_earth_rotation_affects_the_wind_system", "http://www.answers.com/Q/The_deflection_of_winds_by_the_earths_rotation_is_called", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_wind", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/weather/trade-winds.html" ] }

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[ "it is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Energy intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation's economy. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP. 1 High energy intensities indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP. 2 Low energy intensity indicates a lower price or cost of converting energy into GDP.", "Energy Intensity as defined here is not to be confused with Energy Use Intensity (EUI), a measure of building energy use per unit area. It is calculated as units of energy per unit of GDP. 1 High energy intensities indicate a high price or cost of converting energy into GDP. 2 Low energy intensity indicates a lower", "The most eminent example of this is the energy intensity of GDP (gross domestic product) or energy consumption per GDP. Energy intensity of GDP is easy to calculate and is often used as an energy-conservation index for a country. Figure 3 shows primary energy intensity of GDP after distributing energy consumption of the energy conversion sector in proportion to the electricity demand of the industrial and non-industrial industries (Japan = 1).", "1 Light-duty vehicle energy intensity, which is measured as their consumption divided by the number of vehicle-miles traveled, is projected to decline by more than 47% from the 2005 value. 1 Light-duty vehicles are by far the largest energy consuming part of the sector. 2 ", "The indicator could be called “aggregate energy intensity” or “economy-wide energy intensity”. The term “energy intensity” is also used for ratios of energy use by the different economic activities to output. The ratio of energy use to GDP indicates the total energy being used to support economic and social activity. (c) Limitations of the Indicator: The ratio of aggregate energy use to GDP, often called “energy intensity” or the “energy ratio”, is not an ideal indicator of energy efficiency, sustainability of energy use, or technological development, as it has been commonly used.", "Measuring Building Energy Use. Knowing how to measure energy use in buildings will help you set better energy efficiency goals. Energy Use Intensity (EUI) normalizes energy use by floor area and is useful for targets and benchmarks. 1 kWh of site electricity from a solar panel on the building's roof is equal to 1 kWh of source energy, because the solar panel itself is the source. The energy intensity values in the tables above only consider the amount of electricity and fuel that are used on-site (secondary or site energy).", "In the United States, energy intensity has been declining steadily since the early 1970s and continues to decline in EIA's long-term projection. A country's energy intensity is usually defined as energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP). Greater efficiency and structural changes in the economy have reduced energy intensity. From 1950 to 2011, energy intensity in the United States decreased by 58% per real dollar of GDP. 1 Light-duty vehicles are by far the largest energy consuming part of the sector. 2 Light-duty vehicle energy intensity, which is measured as their consumption divided by the number of vehicle-miles traveled, is projected to decline by more than 47% from the 2005 value.", "(b) Brief Definition: Ratio of total energy use to GDP: ratio of energy use by economic activity to value added. (c) Unit of Measurement: Tonnes of oil equivalent per unit of local currency or per US $ (d) Placement in the CSD Indicator Set: Economic/Consumption and Production Patterns/ Energy Use. 2. (c) Limitations of the Indicator: The ratio of aggregate energy use to GDP, often called “energy intensity” or the “energy ratio”, is not an ideal indicator of energy efficiency, sustainability of energy use, or technological development, as it has been commonly used.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The following is a list of countries by energy intensity, or total energy consumption per unit GDP, as published by the World Resources Institute for the year 2003. It is given in units of tonnes of oil equivalent per million constant year 2000 international dollars. The energy intensity is the ratio of primary energy consumption over gross domestic product measured in constant US $ at purchasing power parities." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_intensity", "http://eneken.ieej.or.jp/en/data/pdf/400.pdf", "http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=10191", "http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets/consumption_production/energy_use_intensity.pdf", "http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-building-energy-use", "http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=10191", "http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets/consumption_production/energy_use_intensity.pdf", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_energy_intensity" ] }

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[ "It is situated in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and Humberside, England, United Kingdom, its geographical coordinates are 53° 35' 0 North, 0° 39' 0 West.", "53° 35' 0 North, 0° 39' 0 West" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "3D map of Scunthorpe in United Kingdom. You can also dive right into Scunthorpe on unique 3D satellite map provided by Google Earth. With new GoogLe Earth plugin you can enjoy the interactive Scunthorpe 3D map within your web browser.", "Scunthorpe is a town in North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire unitary authority, and had an estimated total resident population of 72,514 people in 2010. Significant shocks were felt in Scunthorpe and the surrounding North Lincolnshire area. The main 10-second quake, which struck at 00:56 GMT at a depth of 9.6 mi (15.4 km), was the second largest recorded in the British Isles.", "Interactive map of Scunthorpe: You can show or hide points of interest with the checkboxes, and click for photos and more details. Zoom using the slider on the left. Scunthorpe is a true garden town that evolved from five small villages with the development of the steel industry. You can take a steam rail tour around British Steel's Scunthorpe works [more...]. Copyright © 1999-2015 Excelsior Information Systems Ltd.", "Map of Scunthorpe Town Centre. Find your way to Scunthorpe, and make your way in and around the Scunthorpe TownTalk town centre using our online map and route-planner. ", "Welcome to the Scunthorpe google satellite map! This place is situated in North Lincolnshire, Yorkshire and Humberside, England, United Kingdom, its geographical coordinates are 53° 35' 0 North, 0° 39' 0 West and its original name (with diacritics) is Scunthorpe. You can also dive right into Scunthorpe on unique 3D satellite map provided by Google Earth. With new GoogLe Earth plugin you can enjoy the interactive Scunthorpe 3D map within your web browser.", "Scunthorpe was close to the epicentre (this was centred at Ludford, near Louth) of one of the largest earthquakes experienced in the British Isles on 27 February 2008, with a magnitude of 5.2. Significant shocks were felt in Scunthorpe and the surrounding North Lincolnshire area. The main 10-second quake, which struck at 00:56 GMT at a depth of 9.6 mi (15.4 km), was the second largest recorded in the British Isles.", "Below map you can see SCUNTHORPE street list. If you click on street name, you can see postcode and position on the map. ", "Scunthorpe hotels map. The location of each Scunthorpe hotel listed is shown on the detailed zoomable map. Moreover, Scunthorpe hotel map is available where all hotels in Scunthorpe are marked. You can easily choose your hotel by location. You can also dive right into Scunthorpe on unique 3D satellite map provided by Google Earth. With new GoogLe Earth plugin you can enjoy the interactive Scunthorpe 3D map within your web browser.", "Display specific location Select to locate on the map. The above topographic map of Scunthorpe and the surrounding area has been derived from satellite mapping. The topographic data has been illuminated by a light source corresponding to the position of the sun at mid afternoon in summer. A simple location map is provided but also a detailed topography map that shows the location of the nearest places where you can surf, ski or mountain climb (if they are close by). Of course some of these will be at long distances from Scunthorpe and those far flung spots are provided on the ‘nearest’ tables." ], "url": [ "http://www.maplandia.com/united-kingdom/england/yorkshire-and-humberside/north-lincolnshire/scunthorpe/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scunthorpe", "http://www.aboutbritain.com/maps/scunthorpe-map.asp", "http://www.scunthorpe.towntalk.co.uk/local/map", "http://www.maplandia.com/united-kingdom/england/yorkshire-and-humberside/north-lincolnshire/scunthorpe/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scunthorpe", "http://scunthorpe.streetmapof.co.uk/", "http://www.maplandia.com/united-kingdom/england/yorkshire-and-humberside/north-lincolnshire/scunthorpe/", "http://www.weather-forecast.com/locations/Scunthorpe" ] }

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[ "It is a computer-based clearing and settlement facility established to process the exchange of electronic transactions between participating depository institutions." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Federal Reserve Banks, through the FedACH system, are collectively the nation's largest ACH operator. In 2005, they processed 60% of commercial interbank ACH transactions; the remaining 40% was processed by the Electronic Payments Network (EPN), the United States' only private-sector ACH operator. Rules and regulations that govern the ACH network are established by NACHA and the Federal Reserve. In 2013, this network processed nearly 22 billion ACH transactions with a total value of $38.7 trillion. Credit card payments are handled by separate networks.", "Every day thousands of users submit information to us about which programs they use to open specific types of files. While we do not yet have a description of the ACH file format and what it is normally used for, we do know which programs are known to open these files. See the list of programs recommended by our users below. Program has been verified to work with ACH files. Every day, thousands of users submit information to us about which programs they use to open certain types of files. Our users primarily use the above programs to open ACH files.", "ACH is a computer-based clearing and settlement facility established to process the exchange of electronic transactions between participating depository institutions. Rules and regulations that govern the ACH network are established by NACHA and the Federal Reserve. In 2013, this network processed nearly 22 billion ACH transactions with a total value of $38.7 trillion. Credit card payments are handled by separate networks.", "1 This is bank the that will receive your ACH file and process the transactions. 2 You can add a new company account in two ways: 3 1. 4 You can click the top menu Bank Orignation Account, then click the sub menu Add Bank Origination Account to add a new account. 5 2. If you have not installed this ACH generator, you can download and try it free for 14 days with no obligation and no credit card needed. ezACH software is compatible with Windows 8.1, 8, 7, Vista, 2012, 2003, 2000 and XP systems.", "Automated Clearing House (ACH) is an electronic network for financial transactions in the United States. ACH processes large volumes of credit and debit transactions in batches. ACH credit transfers include direct deposit, payroll and vendor payments. Rules and regulations that govern the ACH network are established by NACHA and the Federal Reserve. In 2013, this network processed nearly 22 billion ACH transactions with a total value of $38.7 trillion. Credit card payments are handled by separate networks.", "You can contact your bank to make sure this ACH depsit feature is enabled with your account. 1 Customers generate the ACH file with ezACH deposit software, then upload this file to bank. 2 ezACH software will not process the transactions. 3 ezACH will generate the ACH file that you can upload to your bank. 1 Customers generate the ACH file with ezACH deposit software, then upload this file to bank. 2 ezACH software will not process the transactions. 3 ezACH will generate the ACH file that you can upload to your bank. 4 Your bank will process the transactions based on the instructions inside the ACH file.", "Answer: ACH files are Uncommon Files primarily associated with Speccy Snapshot. ACH files are also associated with Rockwell Software Logix 5 File, Payroll Mate 2008 Automated Clearing House File (RealTaxTools.com), Medlin Accounting Automated Clearing House File (Medlin Accounting) and FileViewPro. Additional types of files may also be using the ACH file extension. Before you can open a ACH file, you'll need to figure out what kind of file the ACH file extension refers to. Tip: Incorrect ACH file association errors can be a symptom of other underlying issues within your Windows operating system.", "In seconds, you will learn exactly what type of ACH file you have, the software program associated with your file, the publisher who created it, its security safety status, and a variety of other useful information. Before you can open a ACH file, you'll need to figure out what kind of file the ACH file extension refers to. Tip: Incorrect ACH file association errors can be a symptom of other underlying issues within your Windows operating system." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Clearing_House", "http://file.org/extension/ach", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Clearing_House", "http://www.halfpricesoft.com/direct-deposit-software/ach-payment-account-management.asp", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_Clearing_House", "http://www.halfpricesoft.com/NACHA-ACH-direct-deposit-software.asp", "http://www.solvusoft.com/en/file-extensions/file-extension-ach/", "http://www.solvusoft.com/en/file-extensions/file-extension-ach/" ] }

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[ "Is a serious and painful infection in a joint.", "As bacterial or septic arthritis, is a serious and painful infection in a joint.", "Bacterial joint inflammation, also known as bacterial or septic arthritis, is a serious and painful infection in a joint. Bacteria can infiltrate your joint and cause rapid onset of cartilage deterioration and bone damage.The harmful bacteria that cause bacterial joint inflammation can enter your body via the skin, eyes, ears, mouth, nose, and mucous membranes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Septic Arthritis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL INFECTION. Bacterial infections of joints usually begin suddenly and develop rapidly into an acute suppurative arthritis. Pain, lameness, and limitation of joint motion occur along with the classic signs of inflammation, swelling, redness, heat, and tenderness.", "Infectious arthritis is infection in the fluid and tissues of a joint usually by bacteria but also by viruses or fungi. Bacteria, viruses, or fungi may spread through the bloodstream or from a nearby infection into a joint, causing infection. This type of arthritis is a reaction to that infection and so is called reactive arthritis (see Reactive Arthritis). In reactive arthritis, the joint is inflamed but not actually infected. Chronic infectious arthritis is usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the main cause of tuberculosis), fungi, or bacteria.", "The joints most commonly infected are the knee, shoulder, wrist, hip, elbow, and the joints of the fingers. Most bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial infections affect only one joint or, occasionally, several joints. For example, the bacteria that cause Lyme disease most often infect knee joints. This type of arthritis is a reaction to that infection and so is called reactive arthritis (see Reactive Arthritis). In reactive arthritis, the joint is inflamed but not actually infected. Chronic infectious arthritis is usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the main cause of tuberculosis), fungi, or bacteria.", "Infections are usually caused by bacteria that are present in our normal living environment. The most common bacteria causing bone, joint, or muscle infections in children is Staphylococcus aureus (often referred to as Staph infections). Bacteria can get into the body in a variety of ways. ", "A bacterial infection of a joint can cause a severe and potentially destructive form of arthritis, often referred to as septic arthritis. Bacterial joint infections can be caused by a number of different organisms and can occur in both natural and artificial joints (eg, after a knee replacement). Bacterial arthritis symptoms — Symptoms of nongonococcal arthritis usually include sudden pain and swelling in one or more joints. A fever may or may not be present. Bacterial arthritis diagnosis — A healthcare provider may use a needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the joint.", "A common type of joint infection is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the sexually transmitted bacteria that cause gonorrhea; this is called a gonococcal joint infection. Joint infection with other types of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, is called nongonococcal bacterial (septic) arthritis. Bacterial arthritis symptoms — Symptoms of nongonococcal arthritis usually include sudden pain and swelling in one or more joints. A fever may or may not be present. Bacterial arthritis diagnosis — A healthcare provider may use a needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the joint.", "Bacterial joint inflammation, also known as bacterial or septic arthritis, is a serious and painful infection in a joint. Bacteria can infiltrate your joint and cause rapid onset of cartilage deterioration and bone damage. Causes. The harmful bacteria that cause bacterial joint inflammation can enter your body via the skin, eyes, ears, mouth, nose, and mucous membranes. Some of the types of bacteria responsible for causing this infection include: 1 Staphylococcus aureus, which causes staph infections. 2 Streptococcus, which causes strep throat", "BACTERIAL (NONGONOCOCCAL) ARTHRITIS. Nongonococcal arthritis is an infection of a joint caused by bacteria other than N. gonorrhoeae (the bacteria that causes gonorrhea). (See Septic arthritis in adults .). The bacteria usually enter the joint from the bloodstream. Bacterial arthritis symptoms — Symptoms of nongonococcal arthritis usually include sudden pain and swelling in one or more joints. A fever may or may not be present. Bacterial arthritis diagnosis — A healthcare provider may use a needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the joint.", "Introduction. Septic arthritis is inflammation of a joint caused by a bacterial infection. It is also known as infectious or bacterial arthritis. The condition is most commonly caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. The following factors can increase your risk of septic arthritis: 1 having an artificial joint implant, such as a knee replacement or hip replacement. 2 having a bacterial infection somewhere else in your body. 3 having a long-term condition such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. 4 using injected drugs." ], "url": [ "http://cal.vet.upenn.edu/projects/saortho/chapter_88/88mast.htm", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/bone-and-joint-infections/infectious-arthritis", "http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/bone-and-joint-infections/infectious-arthritis", "http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00593", "http://www.uptodate.com/contents/joint-infection-beyond-the-basics", "http://www.uptodate.com/contents/joint-infection-beyond-the-basics", "http://www.healthline.com/health/bacterial-joint-inflammation", "http://www.uptodate.com/contents/joint-infection-beyond-the-basics", "http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/septic-arthritis/Pages/Introduction.aspx" ] }

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[ "It is a tree native to the Balkan Peninsula but found throughout the northern hemisphere.", "Horse chestnut is a tree native to the Balkan Peninsula but found throughout the northern hemisphere. Horse chestnut seeds, leaves, bark, and flowers have been used for centuries to help relieve an array of health problems. Horse chestnut seed has a place in European phytotherapy and is used to address vascular issues." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Side Effects and Cautions. 1 Do not use raw or unprocessed horse chestnut seeds, leaves, bark, or flowers. 2 They contain esculin, which is poisonous. 3 When properly processed, horse chestnut seed extract contains little or no esculin and is considered generally safe when used for short periods of time. Horse chestnut trees are native to the Balkan Peninsula (for example, Greece and Bulgaria), but grow throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Although horse chestnut is sometimes called buckeye, it should not be confused with the Ohio or California buckeye trees, which are related but not the same species.", "1 When properly processed, horse chestnut seed extract contains little or no esculin and is considered generally safe when used for short periods of time. 2 However, the extract can cause some side effects, including itching, nausea, or gastrointestinal upset. Horse chestnut trees are native to the Balkan Peninsula (for example, Greece and Bulgaria), but grow throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Although horse chestnut is sometimes called buckeye, it should not be confused with the Ohio or California buckeye trees, which are related but not the same species.", "This information applies to aesculus hippocastanum. Horse chestnut seed and leaf are used for treating varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and swollen veins (phlebitis). Horse chestnut seed is used for diarrhea, fever, and enlarged prostate. Horse chestnut seeds can be processed so that the active chemicals are separated out and concentrated. The resulting “extract” is used for treating a blood circulation problem called chronic venous insufficiency. Look for products which have had the toxic substance esculin removed. Horse chestnut products can sometimes cause side effects such as dizziness, headache, stomach upset, and itching. Pollen from the horse chestnut flower can cause allergic reactions.", "Chestnut is a hair coat color of horses consisting of a reddish-to-brown coat with a mane and tail the same or lighter in color than the coat. Genetically and visually, chestnut is characterized by the absolute absence of true black hairs. 1 A basic chestnut or red horse has a solid copper-reddish coat, with a mane and tail that is close to the same shade as the body coat. 2 Sorrel is a term used by American stock horse registries to describe red horses with manes and tails the same shade or lighter than the body coat color.", "1 Do not use raw or unprocessed horse chestnut seeds, leaves, bark, or flowers. 2 They contain esculin, which is poisonous. 3 When properly processed, horse chestnut seed extract contains little or no esculin and is considered generally safe when used for short periods of time. Horse chestnut trees are native to the Balkan Peninsula (for example, Greece and Bulgaria), but grow throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Although horse chestnut is sometimes called buckeye, it should not be confused with the Ohio or California buckeye trees, which are related but not the same species.", "Horse chestnut is a tree native to the Balkan Peninsula but found throughout the northern hemisphere. Horse chestnut seeds, leaves, bark, and flowers have been used for centuries to help relieve an array of health problems. Horse chestnut seed has a place in European phytotherapy and is used to address vascular issues. A tea made from horse chestnut is a staple of Turkish folk medicine and used to relieve an upset stomach and pass kidney stones; they also use the seeds to alleviate hemorrhoid symptoms.", "Horse chestnut seed extract is different than whole horse chestnut seeds. Do not take the raw seeds, bark, flowers, or leaves of horse chestnut by mouth because these products are poisonous. Use only standardized horse chestnut seed extract products that have had the toxin removed. Uses. Horse chestnut has been used for swelling and pain due to varicose veins and poor circulation in the legs. Some herbal/ dietary supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details about the brand you use.", "Horse chestnut is a plant. The seed, bark, flower, and leaves of the plant are used to make medicine. Be careful not to confuse aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut) with aesculus californica (California buckeye) or aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye). All three may be called horse chestnut. ", "Horse chestnut is a plant. The seed, bark, flower, and leaves of the plant are used to make medicine. Be careful not to confuse aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut) with aesculus californica (California buckeye) or aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye). All three may be called horse chestnut. " ], "url": [ "https://nccih.nih.gov/health/horsechestnut", "https://nccih.nih.gov/health/horsechestnut", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1055-HORSE%20CHESTNUT.aspx?activeIngredientId=1055&activeIngredientName=HORSE%20CHESTNUT", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut_(coat)", "https://nccih.nih.gov/health/horsechestnut", "http://www.globalhealingcenter.com/natural-health/health-benefits-of-horse-chestnut/", "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-17750/horse-chestnut-oral/details", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/horse_chestnut/vitamins-supplements.htm", "http://www.rxlist.com/horse_chestnut/supplements.htm" ] }

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[ "$500 to $2,500 per and $825, with or without dental insurance coverage." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns can cost $500-$1,500 or more per tooth. 2 For example, CostHelper readers without insurance coverage report paying $875-$1,400 for porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, at an average cost of $1,093.", "1 CostHelper readers without insurance report paying $830-$2,465 for a metal crown, at an average cost of $1,353. 2 CostHelper readers with insurance report out-of-pocket expenses of $519-$1,140, for an average payment of $882.", "1 A crown made from porcelain is going to cost anywhere from $750 to $2,800, while a gold crown can be significantly more due to the cost of the materials. 2 Those with dental insurance will have to speak with their local insurance company to see if the procedure is going to be covered.", "The prices for dental crowns range from $500 to $2,500 per crown and are dependent upon the materials used, location of tooth and geographic location. The average cost of a crown is $825, with or without dental insurance coverage. The cheapest cost of a dental crown is $500 for a simple metal crown.", "1 Metal crowns of gold alloy (called high noble metal) or of base metal alloys (non-noble) can cost $600-$2,500 or more per tooth. 2 CostHelper readers without insurance report paying $830-$2,465 for a metal crown, at an average cost of $1,353.", "1 According to the website MedicineNet.com, the average cost for dental crowns can cost anywhere from $500 to as much as $900 per crown. 2 As mentioned above, it should be covered by insurance, but for those that don’t have insurance, the geographical location can play a big role.", "Insurance generally covers crowns at 50% 1 . Metal crowns made of gold alloy or of base-metal alloys and generally cost $600 to $2,500 per tooth depending on the metal and the size of the tooth. 2 People with insurance typically paid $520 – $1,140 out of pocket with an average of $882 per crown.", "1 A dentist is usually going to charge per tooth and on average, the dental crown cost is going to be anywhere from $750 to $2,800 per tooth. 2 This will all depend on the severity of the problem as well as the location of the tooth.", "1 Metal crowns made of gold alloy or of base-metal alloys and generally cost $600 to $2,500 per tooth depending on the metal and the size of the tooth. 2 People with insurance typically paid $520 – $1,140 out of pocket with an average of $882 per crown." ], "url": [ "http://health.costhelper.com/dental-crown.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/dental-crown.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dental-crown-cost/", "http://howmuchdoesitcost.me/health-beauty/dental-crown-costs/", "http://health.costhelper.com/dental-crown.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dental-crown-cost/", "http://howmuchdoesitcost.me/health-beauty/dental-crown-costs/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/dental-crown-cost/", "http://howmuchdoesitcost.me/health-beauty/dental-crown-costs/" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "It can detect both abstinence and consumption. How to Pass an EtG Test After Drinking. If you’re wondering how to beat an EtG urine alcohol test, the best way is obvious-just don’t drink. Some people suggest drinking loads of water after consuming alcohol will flush out the system but this method is unreliable.", "Drink a ton of water a couple of hours before the test instead of just drinking and drinking. Answers for How do you pass a Etg alcohol test: ETG tests are very accurate. You can try drinking a lot of water before testing, but the best thing is to allow 80 hours sober. How to Pass an ETG Alcohol Test | eHow.com. How do you pass a Etg alcohol test-Drugs Questions answered.", "Drinking a lot of water before a urine test can dilute your urine and you could possibly pass the test. Now a days most test do test for diluted urine so this may not work … for you. Answered. In Alternative Medicine.", "Alcohol Urine Tests Cons. Alcohol urine test have the following negative characteristics: 1 The specimen can be adulterated, substituted, or diluted. 2 They are considered as invasive or embarrassing form of testing. 3 They present a biological hazard when the specimens are handled and shipped to the lab.", "If you want to learn how to pass an alcohol urine test, you can try the good luck approach, hoping that the flaws inherent in alcohol urine tests work for you---or you can pass the test the old fashioned way, namely by refraining from drinking alcohol during the work week.", "The ETG test detects any kind of alcohol in. Answers for How do you pass a Etg alcohol test: ETG tests are very accurate. You can try drinking a lot of water before testing, but the best thing is to allow 80. How can I pass an etg alcohol test Monday after drinking tonight. How much time before a drug test do you need to drink water to pass. ... drinking lots of water to help push the etg through. I usually drink friday night and take a test. alcohol yet the test (s. EtG-test-vulnerability/deficiency was known well before.", "This test WILL detect alcohol in your system for 72 hours after your last drink. This is a urine test and it will hold up in court if you come up positive. Tehre is now way to get around it. So stop drinking if you have to take a urine test for alcohol. Oh and i know this beucase i run a urine drug testing clinic." ], "url": [ "http://www.enkivillage.com/how-to-pass-an-etg-test-after-drinking.html", "http://dakm8ik.faithweb.com/offt/drink962.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Can_you_drink_alcohol_before_a_urine_test", "http://www.alcohol-test-info.com/How_to_Pass_an_Alcohol_Urine_Test.html", "http://www.alcohol-test-info.com/How_to_Pass_an_Alcohol_Urine_Test.html", "http://dakm8ik.faithweb.com/offt/drink962.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/If_I_drank_beer_on_Friday_night_and_have_to_take_a_urine_test_on_Saturday_will_I_test_positive_for_alcohol" ] }

[]

[ "70 grams" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The recommendation for protein for adult male vegans is around 63 grams per day; for adult female vegans it is around 52 grams per day. It is very easy for a vegan diet to meet the recommendations for protein. Nearly all vegetables, beans, grains, nuts, and seeds contain some, and often much, protein. The RDA recommends that we take in 0.8 grams of protein for every kilogram that we weigh (or about 0.36 grams of protein per pound that we weigh) . This recommendation includes a generous safety factor for most people.", "The idea that you do not get enough protein as a vegetarian is a fabrication. First you would need to determine how many calories you eat in a day. To maintain good health, you should consume approximately 20% of your daily caloric intake as protein. Each gram of protein contains 4 calories. If you consume 2000 calories per day, 400 calories should be from protein, which would equate to 100 grams protein each day. If you are like me and lift weights, you may want to try to up that amount to build lean muscle and reduce body fat. At least 50g - 65g of protein per day. The same as a non-vegetarian", "140 pounds * .59 grams/pound = 83 grams of protein per day. Keep in mind that’s for a 140-pound endurance athlete, so you’ll need to plug in your own weight and, if you do a strength sport, use a different protein figure. ", ".73 to .78 grams of protein per pound of bodyweight per day. In this category that 180 pound person would need 131 to 140 grams of protein each day. If you're a VEGETARIAN it is suggested you increase your protein intake above suggested levels by another 10%. According to the Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, the average person needs 0.32 grams of protein per pound of body weight. That means a 180 pound person would need to take in about 58 grams of protein every day.", "To determine your RDA for protein, you can multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36, or use this online protein calculator. For a 50-year-old woman who weighs 140 pounds woman and who is sedentary (doesn’t exercise), that translates into 53 grams of protein a day. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is a modest 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. The RDA is the amount of a nutrient you need to meet your basic nutritional requirements.", "If we do a few calculations we see that the protein recommendation for vegans amounts to close to 10% of calories coming from protein. [For example, a vegan male weighing 174 pounds could have a calorie requirement of 2,600 calories. His protein needs are calculated as 174 pounds x 0.41 g/pound = 71 grams of protein. The RDA recommends that we take in 0.8 grams of protein for every kilogram that we weigh (or about 0.36 grams of protein per pound that we weigh) . This recommendation includes a generous safety factor for most people.", "1 The average recommended intake of protein is 42 grams a day. 2 Non-vegetarians eat way more than that (almost 80 grams), but so does everyone else. 3 Vegetarians and vegans actually average 70% more protein than they need every day (over 70 grams). 1 Non-vegetarians eat way more than that (almost 80 grams), but so does everyone else. 2", "You need protein for your muscles, bones, and the rest of your body. Exactly how much you need changes with age: 1 Babies need about 10 grams a day. 2 School-age kids need 19-34 grams a day. 3 Teenage boys need up to 52 grams a day. 4 Teenage girls need 46 grams a day. 5 Adult men need about 56 grams a day. ", "The body loses about 0.34 g of protein per kg body weight per day. With a safety margin added, apparently we need .45 g/kg per day of ideal protein to replace what's lost. With safety margins for digestion and protein quality, our protein requirement is about .75g/kg. That's 56 grams of protein for a 70 kg man (160 lb, or an average sized guy). One of the functions of carbohydrates is to spare protein. Non-essential amino acids can be made from glucose, for example. The liver maintains minimum blood sugar levels, and it will break down protein to supply glucose if needed. For example, brain tissue and red blood cells use 140 to 150 grams of glucose a day." ], "url": [ "http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/protein.php", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_many_grams_of_protein_do_vegetarians_need_per_day", "http://www.nomeatathlete.com/where-vegetarians-get-protein/", "http://www.webefit.com/Calculators/Calc_protein.html", "http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/how-much-protein-do-you-need-every-day-201506188096", "http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/protein.php", "http://www.forksoverknives.com/do-vegetarians-and-vegans-eat-enough-protein/", "http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/protein", "http://www.savvyvegetarian.com/articles/protein-veg-diet3.php" ] }

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[ "White bread without any crust, and tan panko.", "Bread without crusts" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There are two forms: white panko is made from crustless bread, while tan panko is made with the entire loaf. Both types are usually sold plain, and they can in fact be rather bland. However, the crumbs absorb flavor readily, making them an extremely versatile ingredient. Several things set panko aside from regular bread crumbs. The first thing is the coarse grind, which creates bread crumbs which are more like flakes than crumbs. The flakes have a large surface area, which absorbs seasoning well.", "Header image: Chowhound. Panko is a Japanese-style breadcrumb traditionally used as a coating for deep-fried foods such as tonkatsu. The biggest difference between panko and standard breadcrumbs is that panko is made from bread without crusts, says Pam Becker, media representative for Progresso, which makes both types. Panko's crustless bread is coarsely ground into airy, large flakes that give fried foods a light, crunchy coating. ", "The Japanese first learned to make bread from the Europeans, and panko is derived from pan (from Portuguese pao) pão-and, ko A japanese suffix indicating , flour, crumb or (powder as in, komeko rice, powder, sobako buckwheat, flour and, komugiko wheat). flour The breads used to make soft or fresh bread crumbs are not quite as dry, so the crumbs are larger and produce a softer coating, crust, or stuffing. The crumb of bread crumb is also a term that refers to the texture of the soft, inner part of a bread loaf, as distinguished from the crust, or skin.", "One type of dry bread crumb is called panko, which is a Japanese style of bread crumbs. These differ from other bread crumbs as they tend to be coarser and crunchier. The steps below outline how to make panko bread crumbs. How to Make Panko Bread Crumbs. Bread crumbs are used for a variety of recipes. They can seal in flavor when frying foods, such as chicken, pork or vegetables. They can also be used to add flavor (especially if they are seasoned) and texture to foods such as meatballs.", "Definition: Panko is a Japanese breadcrumb with a light, crunchy texture. Panko is made from a crustless Japanese wheat bread, which is dried and coarsely ground. Relative to regular breadcrumbs, panko has a more flake-like appearance. When fried or baked, panko becomes crispier and browns nicely, while absorbing less oil than regular bread crumbs. Pronunciation: PAHN-ko.", "Panko is made from bread baked by electrical current, which yields a bread without a crust, and then grinding the bread to create fine slivers of crumb. It has a crisper, airier texture than most types of breading found in Western cuisine and resists absorbing oil or grease when fried, resulting in a lighter coating. The breads used to make soft or fresh bread crumbs are not quite as dry, so the crumbs are larger and produce a softer coating, crust, or stuffing. The crumb of bread crumb is also a term that refers to the texture of the soft, inner part of a bread loaf, as distinguished from the crust, or skin.", "While breadcrumbs can be made using a number of different types of bread, panko is made using white bread. There are two varieties of panko: white panko, which is made from white bread without any crust, and tan panko, which is made from the entire loaf. The bread is processed into large flakes, rather than crumbs, and then dried. Panko has a light, airy, and delicate texture that helps it crisp as it cooks. The texture of panko makes it especially wonderful for fried food because it absorbs less oil than breadcrumbs, keeping food more crisp and crunchy.", "Traditional Japanese Panko is made with bleached or unbleached wheat flour and not whole wheat. For those that want to make it at home it is very difficult because the traditional process of cooking the bread is not with heat but electric current. This process creates a crust-less bread loaf with small air pockets. Several things set panko aside from regular bread crumbs. The first thing is the coarse grind, which creates bread crumbs which are more like flakes than crumbs. The flakes have a large surface area, which absorbs seasoning well.", "There are two general types of panko sold in stores – white panko is made without crusts, and tan panko is made from the whole loaf, crusts and all. What sets panko apart from regular bread crumbs is the processing. The bread is processed in such a way that the resulting panko looks like flakes rather than crumbs. The flakiness means a much broader surface area than regular breadcrumbs. What this means for your cooking is crispier coatings, crunchier toppings and lighter end-products, depending on how you use the panko. If you do not have panko on hand, you can certainly substitute bread crumbs, but your toppings won’t be as crisp and any recipe you use them in will have a somewhat heavier texture. A better substitute for panko is cracker meal. You can crush up saltine crackers or matzo or purchase ready-made matzo meal." ], "url": [ "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-panko.htm", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/54616/how-is-panko-different-from-breadcrumbs/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panko", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Panko-Bread-Crumbs", "http://gourmetfood.about.com/od/specialtyfoods/a/panko.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panko", "http://www.thekitchn.com/whats-the-difference-between-panko-and-breadcrumbs-word-of-mouth-218201", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-panko.htm", "http://www.reluctantgourmet.com/panko-bread-crumbs/" ] }

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[ "Cochlea", "The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sensory Receptors for Hearing: The sensory receptors for hearing are specialized types of sensory receptors that are located in the inner ear. The following organs are closely related to the organ: Sensory Receptors for Hearing: 1 Sensory receptors for equilibrium. 2 Cochlea. 3 Ampulla. 4 Semicircular Canals. 5 Vestibular system. 6 Hair cells. 7 Saccule.", "Answer by Suma rongi. Confidence votes 17.4K. In the inner ear, is a spiral organ called the cochlea, and this liquid filled organ is tapered and along its length are a large number of small sensory hairs. These small hairs cause a signal to be generated in the cell supporting the hair and this we interpret as sound. The hearing receptors are also known as hair cells. These are auditory receptors that transform vibrations causes by sound waves into neural impulses that are then transmitted … to the brain through the auditory nerve.", "Conditions that can afflict the sensory receptors for hearing include deterioration of the hair cells, aging, chronic exposure to loud noise, nerve deafness, and trauma. The following organs are closely related to the organ: Sensory Receptors for Hearing: 1 Sensory receptors for equilibrium. 2 Cochlea. 3 Ampulla. 4 Semicircular Canals. 5 Vestibular system. 6 Hair cells. 7 Saccule.", "Answers. Best Answer: receptor cells for hearing are located within the cochlea. the cochlea contains three canals: the scala tympani, scala vestibuli, and the cochlear duct. when the pressure of endolymph changes, a part of the cochlea called the organ of corti begins an action potential. ", "The movement and bending of the sensory receptors for hearing generate impulses or signals from the sound vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea. These impulses are picked up by the 8th cranial nerve and carried to the brain. The following organs are closely related to the organ: Sensory Receptors for Hearing: 1 Sensory receptors for equilibrium. 2 Cochlea. 3 Ampulla. 4 Semicircular Canals. 5 Vestibular system. 6 Hair cells. 7 Saccule.", "The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. The cochlea is the hearing part of the inner ear. The semicircular canals in the inner ear are part of our balance system. The cochlea is a bony structure shaped like a snail and filled with two fluids (endolymph and perilymph). The Organ of Corti is the sensory receptor inside the cochlea which holds the hair cells, the nerve receptors for hearing. The mechanical energy from movement of the middle ear bones pushes in a membrane (the oval window) in the cochlea. This force moves the cochlea's fluids that, in turn, stimulate tiny hair cells" ], "url": [ "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/organ/sensory_receptors_for_hearing.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Hearing_receptors_are_located_in_the", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/organ/sensory_receptors_for_hearing.htm", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100420152120AAneaCA", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/organ/sensory_receptors_for_hearing.htm", "http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Inner-Ear/" ] }

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[ "Is a district or section of a larger town, or area that is self-governed, or a county in Alaska." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Under New York State Law, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. This differs significantly from typical borough forms of government used in Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Alaska, other states, Greater London, and elsewhere. New York City, in the U.S. state of New York, is composed of five boroughs.", "• BOROUGH (noun). The noun BOROUGH has 2 senses: 1. one of the administrative divisions of a large city. 2. an English town that forms the constituency of a member of parliament. Familiarity information: BOROUGH used as a noun is rare. Manhattan (one of the five boroughs of New York City). Brooklyn; Bronx (a borough of New York City). City of Westminster; Westminster (a borough of Greater London on the Thames; contains Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey).", "Noun. 1. borough-one of the administrative divisions of a large city. administrative district, administrative division, territorial division-a district defined for administrative purposes. ", "In other places, such as Alaska, borough designates a whole region; Alaska's largest borough, the North Slope Borough, is comparable in area to the entire United Kingdom, although its population is less than that of Swanage. In Quebec, the term borough is generally used as the English translation of arrondissement, referring to an administrative division of a municipality. Only eight municipalities in Quebec are divided into boroughs. See List of boroughs in Quebec.", "Often, a borough is a single town with its own local government. However, in some cities it is a subdivision of the city (for example, New York City, London and Montreal). In such cases, the borough will normally have either limited powers delegated to it by the city's local government, or no powers at all. In Quebec, the term borough is generally used as the English translation of arrondissement, referring to an administrative division of a municipality. Only eight municipalities in Quebec are divided into boroughs. See List of boroughs in Quebec.", "Full Definition of BOROUGH. 1. a: a medieval fortified group of houses forming a town with special duties and privileges b: a town or urban constituency in Great Britain that sends a member to Parliament c: an urban area in Great Britain incorporated for purposes of self-government. 2. 1. : a town, village, or part of a large city that has its own ", "The five boroughs of New York City: 1: Manhattan, 2: Brooklyn, 3: Queens, 4: The Bronx, 5: Staten Island. New York City, in the U.S. state of New York, is composed of five boroughs. They are Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Each borough has the same boundaries as a county of the state. The county governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all city, town, and village governments within each county", "Borough. A borough is an administrative division in various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely.", "borough. n. 1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a town, esp (in Britain) one that forms the constituency of an MP or that was originally incorporated by royal charter. See also burgh. borough-an English town that forms the constituency of a member of parliament. townsfolk, townspeople, town-the people living in a municipality smaller than a city; the whole town cheered the team.", "Queens is a borough of New York City. Queens is a borough of New York City. The definition of a borough is a district or section of a larger town, or area that is self-governed, or a county in Alaska. 1 An example of a borough is Queens in New York City. 2 An example of a borough is Juneau in Alaska" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/borough.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Borough+council", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/borough", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/borough", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/borough", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/borough" ] }

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[ "A wave that oscillates in lakes, bays, or gulfs from a few minutes to a few hours as a result of seismic or atmospheric disturbances." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "seiche. Translation French-English Collins Dictionary &nbsp. See also: seche, sèche se, ficher se, nicher. secher sécher 'seiche' also found in translations in English-French dictionary. ink-fish. ink-fish. n. seiche. cuttlebone. cuttlebone. n. os de seiche. To add entries to your own vocabulary, become a member of Reverso community or login if you are already a member.", "seiche. see wave wave,in oceanography, an oscillating movement up and down, of a body of water caused by the frictional drag of the wind, or on a larger scale, by submarine earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides...... Click the link for more information. , in oceanography. Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Wikipedia", "• SEICHE (noun). The noun SEICHE has 1 sense: 1. a wave on the surface of a lake or landlocked bay; caused by atmospheric or seismic disturbances. Familiarity information: SEICHE used as a noun is very rare. ", "Definition of SEVICHE. : a dish of raw fish marinated in lime or lemon juice often with oil, onions, peppers, and seasonings and served especially as an appetizer. ADVERTISEMENT. American Spanish. ", "seiche. n. A wave that oscillates in lakes, bays, or gulfs from a few minutes to a few hours as a result of seismic or atmospheric disturbances. [French dialectal, exposed lake bottom, probably from French. , feminine of. , dry; see sec 1 .]. (seɪʃ). Noun. 1. seiche-a wave on the surface of a lake or landlocked bay; caused by atmospheric or seismic disturbances. undulation, wave - (physics) a movement up and down or back and forth.", "seiche. Translation French-English Collins Dictionary &nbsp. See also: seche, sèche se, ficher se, nicher. Secher sécher to ensure the quality, of comments you need to. be connected 'seiche' also found in translations in English-French dictionary. ink-fish. ink-fish. n. seiche. cuttlebone. cuttlebone. n. os de seiche. To add entries to your own vocabulary, become a member of Reverso community or login if you are already a member.", "Definition of SEICHE. : an oscillation of the surface of a landlocked body of water (as a lake) that varies in period from a few minutes to several hours. ADVERTISEMENT. French. First Known Use: circa 1839. ", "seiche. n. 1. (Physical Geography) a periodic oscillation of the surface of an enclosed or semienclosed body of water (lake, inland sea, bay, etc) caused by such phenomena as atmospheric pressure changes, winds, tidal currents, and earthquakes. Noun. 1. seiche-a wave on the surface of a lake or landlocked bay; caused by atmospheric or seismic disturbances. undulation, wave - (physics) a movement up and down or back and forth.", "seiche. see wave wave,in oceanography, an oscillating movement up and down, of a body of water caused by the frictional drag of the wind, or on a larger scale, by submarine earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides...... Click the link for more information. " ], "url": [ "http://dictionary.reverso.net/french-english/seiche", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Seiching", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/seiche.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seviche", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/seiche", "http://dictionary.reverso.net/french-english/seiche", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seiche", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/seiche", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/seiche" ] }

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[ "Gemba Kaizen is a Japanese concept of continuous improvement designed for enhancing processes and reducing waste." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "gemba. A Japanese word that literally means the real place, used in business process improvement contexts to refer to the place where value is added, such as a manufacturing area or a workshop.", "Gemba-Gembutsu-Genjitsu Kaizen is a holistic organisational work-culture rather behavioral-change workshop that habituates employees in bringing about improvements in their day-to-day work and thereby improve not only customer-satisfaction but there own-satisfaction as well. The Gemba-Kaizen approach was first adopted by Toyota. It's based on the premise-that one can't swim by reading books, - that 70% of learning and development happens by action on the jjob.", "When used in the business sense and applied to the workplace, kaizen refers to activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. A kaizen blitz, or rapid improvement, is a focused activity on a particular process or activity. The basic concept is to identify and quickly remove waste. Another approach is that of the kaizen burst, a specific kaizen activity on a particular process in the value stream.", "Implementation of Gemba Kaizen principles within the workplace holds numerous benefits for organisations across a range of sectors, including healthcare – an industry which is facing a growing number of pressures. Seiketsu is the next stage, which refers to the standardisation of processes throughout the workplace. Visual management is an important aspect to facilitate easy understanding of these standards, the Kaizen Institute explained.", "1 Kaizen is about creating a company culture that does not tolerate waste. 2 Kaizen efforts typically start on the Gemba (in production or where the value is added) and extend across the entire enterprise. 3 What you call kaizen doesn’t matter so much as understanding what it is and doing it right. This Gemba kaizen sample 30 slides is only part from the original 128 slides.", "Genba (現場, also romanized as gemba) is a Japanese term meaning the real place.. Japanese detectives call the crime scene gemba, and Japanese TV reporters may refer to themselves as reporting from genba. In business, genba refers to the place where value is created; in manufacturing the genba is the factory floor. The practice of regularly going to the Lean workplace to see the actual practices is known as gemba walking. Executives should expect to spend 45 to 60 minutes every week or two gemba walking with a Lean teacher, or Sensei, for six months to a year. Thereafter, they should regularly gemba walk on their own.", "The Sino-Japanese word kaizen simply means change for better, with no inherent meaning of either continuous or philosophy in Japanese dictionaries or in everyday use. The word refers to any improvement, one-time or continuous, large or small, in the same sense as the English word improvement. A kaizen blitz, or rapid improvement, is a focused activity on a particular process or activity. The basic concept is to identify and quickly remove waste. Another approach is that of the kaizen burst, a specific kaizen activity on a particular process in the value stream.", "1 No. Kaizen is a way to improve any process. 2 Kaizen is about creating a company culture that does not tolerate waste. 3 Kaizen efforts typically start on the Gemba (in production or where the value is added) and extend across the entire enterprise. This Gemba kaizen sample 30 slides is only part from the original 128 slides.", "The golden rule of gemba management, called the 5-gemba principles, is as follows: 1 When a difficulty (abnormality) arises, go to gemba first. 2 Check with gembutsu (machines, tools, rejects, and customer complaints). 3 Take temporary countermeasures on the spot. 4 Find out the root cause. ", "For more recent articles on process improvement and operational excellence, check our latest articles. Gemba Kaizen is a Japanese concept of continuous improvement designed for enhancing processes and reducing waste. Within a lean context, Gemba simply refers to the location where value is created, while Kaizen relates to improvements. Seiketsu is the next stage, which refers to the standardisation of processes throughout the workplace. Visual management is an important aspect to facilitate easy understanding of these standards, the Kaizen Institute explained." ], "url": [ "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/gemba.html", "http://sites.google.com/site/worldofkaizen/gemba-kaizen", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen", "http://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/lean-six-sigma-business-transformation/articles/gemba-kaizen/", "http://www.slideshare.net/icba63/gemba-kaizen-4916565", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemba", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen", "http://www.slideshare.net/icba63/gemba-kaizen-4916565", "http://www.kanbanchi.com/what-is-kaizen", "http://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/lean-six-sigma-business-transformation/articles/gemba-kaizen/" ] }

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[ "The Opposition Party" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Some Whigs also opposed expansionism because they feared that much of the territory the United States would gain would become open to slavery. Others opposed expansion because of concerns that adding new states would decrease the political power of the states they lived in and represented.", "Antebellum American politics witnessed the rise and fall of numerous anti-slavery political parties. Few of these parties succeeded in the long-term. In the mid-1850s, however, the various anti-slavery parties united into a single political party called the Republican Party.", "The Opposition Party. Most Whig Party candidates ardently opposed the expansionism proposed in the idea of Manifest Destiny. The Whig Party was a big tent party, designed to appeal to a wide variety of voters who were united in their opposition to the policies of Democratic President Andrew Jackson in the 1830s.", "Federalist-The Federalist Party was a United States political party in the period 1793 to 1816, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. Opposition to Federalist stances led Jefferson and Madison to form the republican party, eventually becoming the Democratic-Republican Party.", "Question and answer. The political party in the twentieth century that generally opposed government expansion to solve social problems is the. The political party in the twentieth century that generally opposed government expansion to solve social problems is the conservatism. Added 186 days ago|4/16/2015 6:51:51 PM. This answer has been confirmed as correct, not copied, and helpful.", "The term Manifest Destiny was coined by Democratic Party political writer John O'Sullivan in a 1845 Democratic Review journal article supporting the annexation of Texas." ], "url": [ "http://classroom.synonym.com/political-party-opposed-idea-manifest-destiny-11585.html", "http://classroom.synonym.com/new-political-party-dedicated-stopping-spread-slavery-21443.html", "http://classroom.synonym.com/political-party-opposed-idea-manifest-destiny-11585.html", "http://www.earthlyissues.com/parties.htm", "http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=NJ5G8ZJ2&Link=i", "http://classroom.synonym.com/political-party-opposed-idea-manifest-destiny-11585.html" ] }

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[ "Averaged $12,464" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If there is an injury to the rotator cuff, the first thing that will likely be tried is a non-surgical treatment such as physical therapy or muscle building. If these treatments do not work, however, rotator cuff surgery may be required. This surgery will entail first removing any debris in the rotator cuff. This will give the joint more room to move, which will result in less stress on the joint. Finally, if the tendons have been torn, they may be sewn back together. 1 Depending on the severity, the costs of rotator cuff surgery can range from as little as $7,000 to as much as $25,000 when everything is said and done.", "In any case, the total cost of a rotator cuff surgery averaged $12,464, a figure driven largely by physician’s fees which were on average $2,392, operating room costs average $3001, and a total per diem hospital cost average $2,122. Many times it’s difficult to follow the dollar in medicine. Recently some researchers have put together an interesting cost analysis of rotator cuff repair, and I think it’s important for patients to know about the actual cost of the surgery prior to going in.", "1 Physical therapy following surgery can help to improve the shoulder's range of motion. 2 For insured patients out-of-pocket costs typically consist of a copay of $10 -$75 per session or coinsurance of 10%-50% or more. 3 For uninsured patients it typically costs $50 -$350 or more per session. 1 For uninsured patients, an office visit typically costs $50-$200 or more. 2 The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a set of large-scale surveys on the use and cost of health services conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, lists the average price of an office visit for an uninsured patient as $199.", "Average Surgery Cost. According to an online article by Blue Cross Blue Shield, Surgical Treatment for a Rotator Cuff Tear, the cost for rotator cuff surgery can vary from $300 to $15,000 for hospital expenses and between $225 to $4,750 for the physician fees. This depends on the type of surgery that is needed. ", "1 4.5 million patients seek medical care for shoulder pain annually in the U.S. 2 250,000 patients get rotator cuff surgery in the U.S. annually. 3 Those rotator cuff surgeries produce a societal savings of $3.44 billion per year; averaging $13,771 per patient younger than age 61. Additionally, societal savings offset the direct costs of treatment in patients younger than age 61, resulting in an average net savings of $13,771 per patient. This number significantly increased to $77,662 for patients younger than 40.", "1 Depending on the severity, the costs of rotator cuff surgery can range from as little as $7,000 to as much as $25,000 when everything is said and done. This will give the joint more room to move, which will result in less stress on the joint. Finally, if the tendons have been torn, they may be sewn back together. 1 ", "The authors of “The Societal and Economic Value of Rotator Cuff Repair,” estimate these surgeries result in a lifetime societal savings in the U.S. of approximately $3.44 billion annually. Additionally, societal savings offset the direct costs of treatment in patients younger than age 61, resulting in an average net savings of $13,771 per patient. This number significantly increased to $77,662 for patients younger than 40.", "Comparing surgical and non-surgical treatment options, the study’s investigators found rotator cuff repair is cost effective across all patient age groups. Additionally, societal savings offset the direct costs of treatment in patients younger than age 61, resulting in an average net savings of $13,771 per patient. This number significantly increased to $77,662 for patients younger than 40.", "In any case, the total cost of a rotator cuff repair averaged $12,464, a figure driven largely by physician’s fees which were on average $2,392, operating room costs average $3001, and a total per diem hospital cost average $2,122. Cost of Rotator Cuff Surgery. In today’s challenging economic environment, many people have to foot the bill for some of their own costs of procedures and treatment. Many times it’s difficult to follow the dollar in medicine.", "Discounts: 1 Physical therapy following surgery can help to improve the shoulder's range of motion. 2 For insured patients out-of-pocket costs typically consist of a copay of $10 -$75 per session or coinsurance of 10%-50% or more. 3 For uninsured patients it typically costs $50 -$350 or more per session. 1 For uninsured patients, an office visit typically costs $50-$200 or more. 2 The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a set of large-scale surveys on the use and cost of health services conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, lists the average price of an office visit for an uninsured patient as $199." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/rotator-cuff-surgery-cost/", "http://www.rotatoreliever.com/press/cost-of-rotator-cuff-surgery/", "http://health.costhelper.com/rotator-cuff.html", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5568455_much-rotator-cuff-surgery-cost.html", "http://www.anationinmotion.org/value/rotator-cuff/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/rotator-cuff-surgery-cost/", "http://www.anationinmotion.org/value/rotator-cuff/", "http://www.anationinmotion.org/value/rotator-cuff/", "http://shoulderpainrotator.typepad.com/shoulder_pain_talk/2007/09/cost-of-rotator.html", "http://health.costhelper.com/rotator-cuff.html" ] }

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[ "San Angelo Abstract" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "As a medium sized company, ASC has the dexterity to work with our bail bond agents on a personal level while still providing the best bail insurance service available. Click on FAQ to view video responses to common questions related to American Surety Company and bail bonds in general. Bail in the Empire State. I traveled to New York City earlier this week where I attended a meeting of the American Bail Coalition and prominent members of the local bail bond community.", "About Surety Title Company Surety Title Company was established in 1982 by W. Drew Darby. In 1985 he purchased San Angelo Abstract Company. San Angelo Abstract Company was established in 1882. It is the third oldest business in San Angelo, next to the water department and the electric company. Surety Title Company was the first company in the United States to have a computerized plant back to sovereignty. Surety Title Company was also the first company in San Angelo to take their plant online", "We are also a leading provider of commercial surety bonds, with a strong emphasis on License and Permit bonds, Fiduciary Bonds, Public Official Bonds and Court Bonds. The members of the Great American Insurance Group are subsidiaries of American Financial Group, Inc. (NYSE/NASDAQ:AFG). Historically, Great American's surety operation focused on medium and large contract surety bonding. Today, our contract accounts include general contractors, heavy-highway contractors and specialty trade subcontractors.", "Are you interested in joining our family of bail bond agents? Click on Write Bail Bonds for ASC and complete an application on-line. American Surety Company is always looking for qualified, professional bail bond agents to join our team. Bail in the Empire State. I traveled to New York City earlier this week where I attended a meeting of the American Bail Coalition and prominent members of the local bail bond community.", "American Surety Company specializes in the management of independent surety bail contracts in 46 states. We specialize in the management of surety bail contracts. Bail in the Empire State. I traveled to New York City earlier this week where I attended a meeting of the American Bail Coalition and prominent members of the local bail bond community.", "First American continued to develop international operations and was the first title insurance provider in Mexico, Korea and Hong Kong, and had the leading market share in Australia and England. As part of a spin-off transaction, First American Financial Corporation common stock was distributed to shareholders of The First American Corporation on June 1, 2010.", "This growth lead to an expansion of the company's Santa Ana headquarters in 1976. By 1982, First American served all regions of the United States. First American began to operate internationally with the opening of title insurance offices in Canada in 1988. As part of a spin-off transaction, First American Financial Corporation common stock was distributed to shareholders of The First American Corporation on June 1, 2010.", "The American Surety Building is a historic skyscraper located at 100 Broadway, New York City, New York, opposite Trinity Church. The building is set on an irregular, trapezoidal lot, and designed as a Neo-Renaissance tower clad in Maine granite with a 3-story base, an 12-story shaft, and a 6-story cap. (Its 4th and 15 stories are transitional.) The base is an Ionic entrance colonnade topped with sculptures in a classical style by J. Massey Rhind.", "Company History. Surety Solutions Insurance Services, Inc. (Surety1) was founded in 2003 as an independent insurance agency specializing in surety bonds. The company was founded by John Page, who began his career in the surety industry in 1987. John is a former Vice president of a top 10, national surety company. ", "D.P. Kennedy was named president of First American Title in 1963, replacing his uncle, George Parker. First American Title had its initial public offering on the over-the-counter market in 1964 and, four years later, was restructured with the formation of The First American Financial Corporation as a holding company. As part of a spin-off transaction, First American Financial Corporation common stock was distributed to shareholders of The First American Corporation on June 1, 2010." ], "url": [ "http://www.asc-usi.com/", "http://suretytitleco.com/about/history.html", "http://www.greatamericaninsurancegroup.com/Insurance/Bonds", "http://www.asc-usi.com/", "http://www.asc-usi.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_American_Corporation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_American_Corporation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Surety_Building", "https://surety1.com/company/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_American_Corporation" ] }

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[ "provides clients with medical equipment and/or disposable supplies when there is a medical need for the treatment or therapy of an illness or physical condition." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) covers medically necessary durable medical equipment (DME) that your doctor prescribes for use in your home. Only your doctor can prescribe medical equipment for you. DME meets these criteria: 1 Durable (long-lasting). 2 Used for a medical reason.", "Our DME providers are what differentiate us in the market. We value their partnership and want them to be successful. Hospicelink does not, and never will, own or control a DME provider. Our focus is to match hospices with the best providers in each local market. Our interests and incentives are always aligned with the interests of our hospices ...", "1 Durable medical equipment (DME) and prosthetics/orthotics (P&O) items dispensed in the provider's office must be billed using the appropriate HCPCS code and modifier (NU and RR: see Accepted modifiers section below). 2 Coverage is available for standard orthotic/support devices only.", "Durable medical equipment (DME) and disposable medical supplies are a Colorado Medicaid benefit that provides clients with medical equipment and/or disposable supplies when there is a medical need for the treatment or therapy of an illness or physical condition.", "Many doctors already dispense supplies and durable medical equipment (DME) from their offices for patient use. Others generally write a prescription and send the patient to a DME provider. This is a lost source of revenue for the practice." ], "url": [ "https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/durable-medical-equipment-coverage.html", "http://www.hospicelink.com/dme/", "http://www.priorityhealth.com/provider/manual/billing-and-payment/services/dme", "https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/hcpf/durable-medical-equipment", "http://dmelicensingagent.com/need.htm" ] }

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[ "$ 10000 100000 kwh $ 0 10 per kwholar" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "q0 q1 1 r q2 1 r 2 qt 1 r t that is the levelized cost is the ratio of the present discounted costs divided by the present discounted value of revenues at a constant price on $ 1 00 per unit of energy if l represents the levelized cost qt represents the amount of energy produced in year t ct represents the total cost in year t and r represents the discount rate then lq0 lq1 1 r lq2 1 r 2 lqt 1 r t c0 c1 1 r c2 1 r 2 ct 1 r t for an investment with an expected life of t+ 1 years", "for more information about the levelized cost of energy and other economic metrics for renewable energy projects see manual for the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies short 1995 http www nrel gov docs legosti old 5173 pdf ", "levelized cost of energy calculator the levelized cost of energy lcoe calculator provides a simple calculator for both utility scale and distributed generation dg renewable energy technologies that compares the combination of capital costs operations and maintenance o m performance and fuel costs ", "wind and solar costs falling the levelized cost of some wind and solar technologies has plummeted in recent years the graphic below shows that the average cost of onshore wind has fallen from $ 135 per megawatt hour in 2009 to $ 59 in 2014 that s a 56 percent drop in five years components of levelized cost of energy our dashboards present data on what s known as the levelized cost of energy in essence this analysis offers an apples to apples comparison of the costs of financing building operating and maintaining a power plant the values are expressed in dollars per megawatt hour", "release date june 3 2015 this paper presents average values of levelized costs for generating technologies that are brought online in 2020 1 as represented in the national energy modeling system nems for the annual energy outlook 2015 aeo2015 reference case the lcoe values shown for each utility scale generation technology in table 1 and table 2 in this discussion are calculated based on a 30 year cost recovery period using a real after tax weighted average cost of capital wacc of 6 1 % 5", "the levelized cost of electricity lcoe also known as levelized energy cost lec is the net present value of the unit cost of electricity over the lifetime of a generating asset it is often taken as a proxy for the average price that the generating asset must receive in a market to break even over its lifetime the levelized cost of electricity lcoe is a measure of a power source which attempts to compare different methods of electricity generation on a comparable basis", "for example if a solar energy system costs $ 10000 to install after all rebates and it provides 100000 kwh of electricity over its life then the levelized cost of the solar energy system is $ 10000 100000 kwh $ 0 10 per kwh solar and renewable energy systems fix your energy cost in time once installed it will provide years of energy levelized cost is the average cost of this renewable energy levelized cost net cost to install a renewable energy system divided by its expected life time energy output" ], "url": [ "http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/people/berman/personal/Econ394b/Levelized_cost.html", "https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sam/help/html-php/mtf_lcoe.htm", "http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/tech_lcoe.html", "http://energyinnovation.org/2015/02/07/levelized-cost-of-energy/", "http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/electricity_generation.cfm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source", "http://www.solar-estimate.org/showfaq.php?id=261" ] }

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[ "Fruits containing more iron such as apple,tomatoes,plums, bananas, lemons, grapes, raisins, oranges, figs, carrots and raisins." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To treat your anemia, your doctor may suggest eating more meat—especially red meat (such as beef or liver), as well as chicken, turkey, pork, fish, and shellfish. Nonmeat foods that are good sources of iron include: 1 Spinach and other dark green leafy vegetables. 2 Tofu. 3 Peas; lentils; white, red, and baked beans; soybeans; and chickpeas. 4 Dried fruits, such as prunes, raisins, and apricots. 5 Prune juice. This type of anemia often is treated with vitamin B12 supplements. Good food sources of vitamin B12 include: 1 Breakfast cereals with added vitamin B12. 2 Meats such as beef, liver, poultry, and fish.", "Iron-deficiency anemia, the most common form of anemia, is a decrease in the number of red blood cells caused by too little iron. Without sufficient iron, your body can't produce enough hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells that makes it possible for them to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Iron in plant foods such as lentils, beans, and spinach is nonheme iron. This is the form of iron added to iron-enriched and iron-fortified foods. Our bodies are less efficient at absorbing nonheme iron, but most dietary iron", "Having enough vitamin B12 helps make new red blood cells. Foods rich in vitamin B12 are clams, beef liver, trout, yogurt, eggs and chicken breasts. Foods rich in iron are red meat, liver, beans, dried fruits, spinach, collards, egg yolks, oysters, clams, turkey and artichokes. Some other foods include rice bran, bee pollen, sesame, flaxseeds, soy products, alfalfa sprouts, spirulina, chlorella and brewer’s yeast as one of the best sources of vitamin B", "Diet Suggestions. Increase intake of foods that are rich in vitamin B12 and iron, like barley grass, rice bran, brewer’s yeast, bee pollen, soy foods, yogurt, alfalfa sprouts, algae (spirulina and chlorella) and liver.", "Nutrition. Your doctor may suggest changes to your diet. The diet may include foods rich in iron, vitamin C, vitamin B12, and folate. ... There's no substitute for good health, and when it's gone, it's often gone for good. ... National Anemia Action Council http://www. anemia .org. ... ", "Some food can be prevent for anemia, and this is 5 food that, including vegetable and fruit. Here are 5 foods that are rich in iron: 1. Beet. Bit is a source of vitamin B2 and A. Bit can enrich the blood with iron and manganese content. ", "1. Fruits. Fruits such as iron-rich apples and tomatoes are great to eat when treating anemia. You can either eat apples or tomatoes or drink 100% pure apple and tomato juice to treat anemia. Also fruits that effectively treat anemia are plums, bananas, lemons, grapes, raisins, oranges, figs, carrots and raisins when eaten in large quantities. 2. Honey. Honey is a potent source of iron, copper and manganese.", "So the person suffering from anemia should take these healthy berries regularly in his diet. Along with iron they are also rich in antioxidants which prevent many diseases. Cheeku: This sweet fruit is also a great source of iron and very beneficial for the people suffering from iron deficiency anemia. It is also rich in antioxidants, vitamin A, vitamin C and fiber which help to improve the overall health. Prunes: Prunes are also a known fruit which is high in iron content. They are also rich in dietary fiber, potassium, calcium and vitamin A. They are also important for the maintenance of the blood sugar levels and also help to avoid the problem of constipation.", "(HealthCastle.com) A diet with iron rich foods along with iron supplements is often recommended for women with iron deficiency anemia. Absorption of iron from food is often influenced by multiple factors. One important factor being the form of iron. That's why fatigue and tiredness is the first symptom most people notice when they may be low in iron. The recommended intake for iron is: 1 Kids 1-3 years old: 7 mg/day. 2 Kids 4-8 years old: 10 mg/day. 3 Teenagers 9 - 13: 8 mg/day." ], "url": [ "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/anemia/treatment", "http://www.webmd.com/diet/iron-rich-foods", "http://www.healthjuices.net/vegetable-juices/juicing-anemia/", "http://juicing-for-health.com/what-is-anemia.html", "http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/oab/s.aspx?query=fruits+that+good+for+anemia", "http://naturalhealthman.blogspot.com/2012/10/prevent-anemia-with-5-kinds-of.html", "http://healthlob.com/2011/04/good-foods-anemia/", "http://www.bookmydoctor.com/health-article/fruits-for-anemia-patients-856/", "http://www.healthcastle.com/iron.shtml" ] }

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[ "26 months" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I was wondering if you could give me a answer about how long does it take for a crappie to grow from a fingerling to say 10 inches. My cousin told me that they were going to put fingerling crappie in Ky Lake and we were wondering how long it would take for them to [...] [...]. says:", "As Josh stated, there are variables involved that can influence their growth one way or the other. Since HBG are usually stocked into a pond, it would also depend on the size they were when they were first put in. Mine were stocked at 3-4, in the Spring of 2009. The average size I catch now is 8.5-9, with the occasional 10 fish. They weigh a pound or better, however, mine are on a feeding program. If they are spawned in the pond, then of course it would take longer.", "But if you have 10,000 Bluegill in that same pond they will grow 10 times slower, which is the cause of stunting. In an unmanaged small pond Bluegill almost inevitably stunt. They get to a size that is too large for the Bass to eat and too small for the fisherman to keep, and then you have a problem.", "It can live in either deep or very shallow water, and will often move back and forth, depending on the time of day or season. Bluegills also like to find shelter among water plants and in the shade of trees along banks. Bluegills can grow up to 12 inches (30 cm) long and about 4 1⁄2 pounds.", "I was wondering if you could give me a answer about how long does it take for a crappie to grow from a fingerling to say 10 inches. My cousin told me that they were going to put fingerling crappie in Ky Lake and we were wondering how long it would take for them to groe to that size. Thank You….", "That's optimal conditions, but it can be (and has been) done. I recently grew some coppernose bluegill, which are native to Florida, to 8 in one year in a pond in middle Tennessee, and all but the last two months of that year were without supplemental feeding.", "Question: How fast does a coppernose bluegill grow? Smith: These bream can weigh as much as 1/2- pound the first year, if the pond has an automatic feeder. We’ve seen coppernose bluegills that weigh as much as 1 pound at 26 months, and some that will weigh 18 to 20 ounces in that same 26 months. The coppernose is fun to catch and delicious to eat.", "Food availability determines how fast bluegills grow, and ultimately, how good the bluegill fishing will be. While growth rates of bluegill vary tremendously, it always takes several years to produce catchable size fish. How many years depends on how, much food is available for each fish." ], "url": [ "http://www.askcrappiefishing.com/how-long-does-it-take-a-crappie-fingerling-to-grow-to-10-inches.html", "http://bigbluegill.com/forum/topics/how-fast-does-bg-grow", "http://www.keystonehatcheries.com/Articles.asp?ID=307", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluegill", "http://www.askcrappiefishing.com/how-long-does-it-take-a-crappie-fingerling-to-grow-to-10-inches.html", "http://bigbluegill.com/forum/topics/how-fast-does-bg-grow", "http://www.nighthawkpublications.com/journal/2012/25/journal_4.htm", "http://www.warmwaterflyfisher.com/wwjournal/wwjournaboutbluegill3.htm" ] }

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[ "Infectious disease", "Communicable disease" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "What are the communicable diseases? a communicable disease is also known as an infectious disease, contagious disease, or a transmissible disease. a communicable disease is one which is clinically evident (shows … characteristic signs and symptoms) and can result from infection/presence/growth of a pathogen. A communicable disease is a disease that can be passed on in one way or another from a Carrier of the disease to some one else. and is usually th … e result of a virus or bacterial infection. 17 people found this useful.", "Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals. 1 Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. 2 Microorganisms that cause disease are collectively called pathogens. 1 Many diseases become difficult to control if the infectious agents evolve resistance to commonly used drugs: 2 For example, bacteria can accumulate mutations in their DNA or acquire new genes that allow them to survive contact with antibiotic drugs that would normally kill them.", "Infections are caused by infectious agents including viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths. The symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. Some signs of infection affect the whole body generally, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, fevers, night sweats, chills, aches and pains. Others are specific to individual body parts, such as skin rashes, coughing, or a runny nose.", "See below: An infectious disease is caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and parasites. Infectious diseases can affect almost every organ in the body. Infectious Diseases (Definition). Infectious diseases refers to a group of medical conditions that can be transmitted from human to human, object to human, and sometimes animal/insect to human. Causes of infectious diseases include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and prions. ...Read more.", "Of those numerous diseases, perhaps none is more common than infectious diseases, which are defined by WHO as any pathogenic microorganism that can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another.. So, without further ado, here are the five most common infectious diseases. Hepatitis-B. According to current statistics, hepatitis-B is the most common infectious disease in the world, affecting some 2 billion people -- that's more than one-quarter of the world's population.", "In Health. a communicable disease is also known as an infectious disease, contagious disease, or a transmissible disease. a communicable disease is one which is clinically evident (shows … characteristic signs and symptoms) and can result from infection/presence/growth of a pathogen. A communicable disease is a disease that can be passed on in one way or another from a Carrier of the disease to some one else. and is usually th … e result of a virus or bacterial infection. 17 people found this useful.", "Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection. The symptoms of an infection depend on the type of disease. Some signs of infection affect the whole body generally, such as fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, fevers, night sweats, chills, aches and pains. Others are specific to individual body parts, such as skin rashes, coughing, or a runny nose.", "Infectious diseases. WHO/Chris Black. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans. ", "Infectious diseases are the invasion of a host organism by a foreign replicator, generally microorganisms, often called microbes, that are invisible to the naked eye. Microbes that cause illness are also known as pathogens. The most common pathogens are various bacteria and viruses, though a number of other microorganisms, including some kinds of fungi and protozoa, also cause disease. An infectious disease is termed contagious if it is easily transmitted from one person to another. Infectious disease requires an agent and a mode of transmission (or vector). A good example is malaria, which is caused by Plasmodial parasites, chiefly Plasmodium falciparum but does not affect humans unless the vector, the Anopheles mosquito, is around to introduce the parasite into the human bloodstream.", "An infectious disease or communicable disease is caused by a biological agent such as by a virus, bacterium or parasite. The vector does not have to be biological. Many infectious diseases are transmitted by droplets which enter the airway (e.g. common cold and tuberculosis). Infectious disease requires an agent and a mode of transmission (or vector). A good example is malaria, which is caused by Plasmodial parasites, chiefly Plasmodium falciparum but does not affect humans unless the vector, the Anopheles mosquito, is around to introduce the parasite into the human bloodstream." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_another_name_for_communicable_disease", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-are-infectious-diseases", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicable_disease", "https://www.healthtap.com/topics/another-name-for-infectious-diseases", "http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/12/29/the-5-most-common-infectious-diseases.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_another_name_for_communicable_disease", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicable_disease", "http://www.who.int/topics/infectious_diseases/en/", "http://www.metrohealth.org/what-is-infectious-disease", "http://www.metrohealth.org/what-is-infectious-disease" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In a 9-by-13-inch baking dish, toss beets with oil and season with salt and pepper. Cover dish tightly with foil; roast until tender when pierced with a knife, 45 to 60 minutes, depending on size. When cool enough to handle, rub with a paper towel to remove skins.", "Wash the beets gently, making sure that you don’t tear the skins, then place in a pan of warm water, bring to the boil, reduce the heat and simmer until tender – around 20–30 minutes. Alternatively, you can steam whole beetroot or bake them in the oven for 2–3 hours at 150°C/gas mark 2.", "Place the sliced raw beets (allow 1 medium beet per serving) in a foil-lined baking dish and drizzle with a bit of olive oil. Bake at 400 or 425 degrees F. for 20 to 30 minute or so, until tender to your liking. Stir once or twice during that time.", "Remove the beetroot from heat. Once the beetroot is tender, drain the hot water and run cold water over it. Then, rub off the skin using a paper towel. 6. Season the beetroot, optional. Use your boiled beetroot as called for in another recipe, or mash and serve with butter. Season the beetroot with salt and pepper.", "Place beets (peeled and cut into 1/2-inch wedges) on a large piece of foil on a baking sheet. Drizzle with oil and season with salt and pepper. Fold foil around beets and crimp ends to form a packet. Roast until beets are tender when pierced with a knife, 25 to 30 minutes.", "To boil beetroot: Wash and trim the beetroot, but do not peel. Place the beetroot in a large saucepan and cover with 2cm of water. Bring to the boil over high heat, then reduce the heat to medium-low, cover and simmer until just tender, about 30 to 40 minutes depending on size.", "Directions. Place the beets in a large saucepan and add water to cover and the lemon juice or vinegar. This will help to keep the beets from bleeding. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer until tender, about 45 minutes to 1 hour. Place pot under running cold water and let rinse until beets can be handled. The skins can now be easily peeled off the beets." ], "url": [ "http://www.marthastewart.com/331835/4-ways-to-cook-beets", "http://www.knorr.co.uk/article/detail/404388/how-to-cook-fresh-beetroot", "http://www.vegkitchen.com/tips/beets/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Beetroot", "http://www.marthastewart.com/331835/4-ways-to-cook-beets", "http://allrecipes.co.uk/how-to/40/cooking-beetroot.aspx", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/boiled-beets-recipe.html" ] }

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[ "Stand for the Latin word recipe meaning to take,It is customarily part of the superscription (heading) of a prescription.", "Prescription" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "℞ is a symbol meaning prescription. It is sometimes transliterated as R x or just Rx. This symbol originated in medieval manuscripts as an abbreviation of the Late Latin verb recipe, the imperative form of recipere, to take or take thus. The superscription section contains the date of the prescription and patient information (name, address, age, etc.). The symbol ℞ separates the superscription from the inscriptions sections. In this arrangement of the prescription, the ℞ is a symbol for recipe or literally the imperative take..", "Rx: A medical prescription. The symbol Rx is usually said to stand for the Latin word recipe meaning to take.. It is customarily part of the superscription (heading) of a prescription.", "The R part of the symbol stands for the Latin 'recipere' which means 'take this' and it is related to the word recipe. The X part of the symbol is derived from the symbol for the Roman God, Jupiter. It represents a prayer or invocation to Jupiter that the treatment would result in a cure, with divine help. The traditional RX symbol cannot be represented on a typewriter keyboard. It consists of an R and an X which are merged to resemble an R with an extension of the right leg of the R with a stroke across it (I hope that makes sense).", "Barrow boy. 1 vote Vote for this answer. On a prescription the symbol Rx (or R) stands for the word Recipe, meaning (in Latin) 'to take.'. Now in pharmacological contexts like catalogs, the symbol Rx indicates that a drug or medicine is not free to buy, but has to be prescribed by a certified physician. The traditional RX symbol cannot be represented on a typewriter keyboard. It consists of an R and an X which are merged to resemble an R with an extension of the right leg of the R with a stroke across it (I hope that makes sense).", "Pharmacy rx symbol clipart rx. A medical prescription, of which the Rx symbol is customarily part of the superscription, is a legal order by a qualified health care professional to a pharmacist or other therapist for a treatment to be provided to their patient. There are several theories about the origin of the Rx symbol. How to insert Rx symbol into documents. 1 In Html ℞ symbol is &#8478 insert Rx symbol in html documents. 2 If you don't have any unicode fonts installed there are other fonts available with Rx symbols.", "Report Abuse. Rx: A medical prescription. The symbol Rx is usually said to stand for the Latin word recipe meaning to take.. It is customarily part of the superscription (heading) of a prescription. Another explanation for the origin of Rx is that it was derived from the astrological sign for Jupiter which was once placed on prescriptions to invoke that god's blessing on the drug to help the patient recover. fop_5 · 10 years ago. Thumbs up.", "· just now. Report Abuse. Rx: A medical prescription. The symbol Rx is usually said to stand for the Latin word recipe meaning to take it. and other side from the biblical based that though the prescription of medicine given by the physician, the real healing come from the cross. It is customarily part of the superscription (heading) of a prescription. Another explanation for the origin of Rx is that it was derived from the astrological sign for Jupiter which was once placed on prescriptions to invoke that god's blessing on the drug to help the patient recover. fop_5 · 10 years ago. Thumbs up.", "The right eye represented the sun and the left eye the moon.... The left eye is the origin of the pharmacist's symbol for prescription, 'Rx' [my emphasis]. A variation of this symbol is an eye within a pyramid associated with Freemasonry. It is also found on the Great Seal of the United States and on the U.S. one dollar bill.. Sounds good to me. ", "Commonly seen on doctor’s prescription pads and signs in pharmacies, Rx is the symbol for a medical prescription. ", "Rx symbol or ℞ Rx is prescription medical symbol that represent drug or pharmaceutical medicine. The symbol Rx is usually said to stand for the Latin word recipe meaning to take.. It is customarily part of the superscription (heading) of a prescription. There are several theories about the origin of the Rx symbol. How to insert Rx symbol into documents. 1 In Html ℞ symbol is &#8478 insert Rx symbol in html documents. 2 If you don't have any unicode fonts installed there are other fonts available with Rx symbols." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_prescription", "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7934", "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question20021.html", "http://www.funtrivia.com/askft/Question20021.html", "http://www.ipharmd.net/rx/", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006042110035", "https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006042110035", "http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1641/what-does-the-pharmacists-symbol-rx-mean", "http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/where-did-the-rx-symbol-come-from", "http://www.ipharmd.net/rx/" ] }

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[ "1. Destroys everything in its path. 2. Occurs around, over large bodies of water. 3. Strong gales of wind that cause turbulenc in the waters. 4. They are usually given a name. 5.They cover a large area and move slowly toward coast lines.6.ccurs around, over large bodies of water. 3. Strong gales of wind that cause turbulenc in the waters. 4. They are usually given a name. 5. They cover a large area and move slowly toward coast lines." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tropical depression: Has evidence of closed wind circulation around a center with sustained winds from 20-34 knots (23-39 mph). Tropical storm: Maximum sustained winds are from 35-64 knots (40-74 mph). The storm is named once it reaches tropical storm strength. Hurricane or typhoon: Maximum sustained winds exceed 64 knots (74 mph). Hurricanes are classified into different categories according to the Saffir-Simpson scale. ", "A tropical storm with winds of 39-73 mph becomes a hurricane when it's winds near the center reach 74 mph. The storm surge is generally 4-5 feet above normal. Damage is mostly to trees and shrubbery, with no real building damage. Average wind speed for a cat. 1 is 74-95mph. Minimum central pressure (980 mb.). ", "Wind is a major characteristic of hurricanes. It blows in the same direction and at the same speed and collects air from the ocean surface. The wind is violently dispersed outward from the storm. Hurricanes are classified by their wind speed by five categories. A minimal hurricane has winds that are sustained at 75 miles per hour. A major hurricane can have wind speeds of 200 miles per hour. The flow of cloud circulation in a hurricane can be massive. Hurricanes always have circulation that is clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere or counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.", "1. Destroys everything in its path. 2. Occurs around, over large bodies of water. 3. Strong gales of wind that cause turbulenc in the waters. 4. They are usually given a name. 5. They cover a large area and move slowly toward coast lines. 6.", "A hurricane is a huge storm! It can be up to 600 miles across and have strong winds spiraling inward and upward at speeds of 75 to 200 mph. Each hurricane usually lasts for over a week, moving 10-20 miles per hour over the open ocean. Hurricanes gather heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters.", "Introduction. Few things in nature can compare to the destructive force of a hurricane. Called the greatest storm on Earth, a hurricane is capable of annihilating coastal areas with sustained winds of 155 miles per hour or higher, intense areas of rainfall, and a storm surge. ", "During hurricane development, certain characteristics become more prominent as the storm strengthens. At the center of the hurricane is the eye, a cloud-free area of sinking air and light winds that is usually from 10 to 65 kilometers in diameter. Storm Surge. As a hurricane moves closer to land, coastal communities begin to feel the effects of heavy rain, strong winds, and tornadoes. However, its most destructive weapon is the accompanying storm surge, a rise in the ocean levels of up to 10 meters (about 33 feet).", "A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical cyclone and some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone. They can form in a wide band of latitudes, from the equator to 50°. A tropical storm is an organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds between 34 knots (63 km/h) and 64 knots (119 km/h).", "A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. A tropical storm is an organized system of strong thunderstorms with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds between 34 knots (63 km/h) and 64 knots (119 km/h).", "Hurricane is another word for Typhoon or Cyclone, depending on the ocean in which they occur, they are all the same physical object. A Cyclone is a storm that forms over warm tropical oceans and can grow to be over 400 miles in diameter. Occurs around, over large bodies of water. 3. Strong gales of wind that cause turbulenc in the waters. 4. They are usually given a name. 5. They cover a large area and move slowly toward coast lines. 6." ], "url": [ "http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/tg/whurwhat/whurwhat.htm", "http://www.vastormphoto.com/hurricanecategories.htm", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8652237_characteristics-hurricane.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_characteristics_of_a_hurricane", "http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-hurricane.htm", "http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Hurricanes/", "http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Hurricanes/hurricanes_2.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_characteristics_of_a_hurricane" ] }

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[ "25 million" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Over 22 million people are employed in farm or farm-related jobs, including production agriculture, farm inputs, processing and marketing and wholesale and retail sales. According to the 2002 Census of Agriculture, 50 percent of the farmers are 55 years of age or older, up only three percent from 1997.", "In June 1998 agriculture accounted for 4.4% of the employed population. People employed in agriculture totalled 375,000, of whom 62% were proprietors and partners, and 38% paid employees. These figures understate the relative importance of agriculture in terms of total employment generated by the sector.", "Nonetheless, most data sources tend to agree in saying that around 10 million persons 1 are employed in agriculture, representing 5% of total employment 2. On the other hand, the F arm Structure Survey (FSS) indicates that 25 million people were regularly engaged in farm work in the EU during 2010.", "How many people work in agriculture in the EU, according to the FSS? In persons In 2010, around 25 million persons were regularly engaged in agricultural work in the EU. Family members represented 92% of the total (half of them were sole holders, the other half consisted of their family members) and men made up 58%.", "The labour force in agriculture is also older than in the rest of the economy: in 2010, 33% of the agricultural labour force was younger than 40 years (44% for total employment) , 57% was between 40 and 65 years (54% for total employment) and 10% was aged 65 years and more (compared to only 2% for total employment) 8.", "In 2013, an estimated one billion people were officially employed in the agricultural sector: Of these, 297.5 million were located in South Asia, 258.2 million in East Asia and 202.4 million in sub-Saharan Africa.", "In 2012 there were 10.1 million of full-time equivalent jobs in the agricultural sector, of which 76% were carried out by non-salaried (family) workers. 2000 -2012, 4.8 million full time jobs in the EU agriculture disappeared, 70% of them in the new MS and 93% corres-ponding to non-salaried workers.", "This Brief presents the most recent data on agricultural employment in the European Union to address the key question of the number of people employed in agriculture and the main characteristics of this agricultural labour force.", "A fall in agricultural employment and north-south differences. In 1997, there were approximately 7.4 million people working in the agricultural sector in the EU (agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing), of which 7.2 million were employed in agriculture proper (excluding fishing)." ], "url": [ "http://www.agday.org/media/factsheet.php", "http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/3852d05cd2263db5ca2569de0026c588!OpenDocument", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-area-economics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-area-economics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-area-economics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf", "http://www.globalagriculture.org/report-topics/industrial-agriculture-and-small-scale-farming.html", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-area-economics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rural-area-economics/briefs/pdf/08_en.pdf", "http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/envir/report/en/emplo_en/report_en.htm" ] }

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[ "5% to 25%" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You will have a bid or negotiated contract that will include a percentage for the contractor’s overhead and profit. If you have requested a cost breakdown from your contractor you will likely see a percentage for their markup or profit. These items are essential to completion of the work but not part of the scope of work illustrated in the contract documents. Your contractor’s overhead portion of the markup will be a percentage of the overall cost of your work – let’s say 10% as an example. He may add another 5% as a fee for a total markup of 15%", "It is the amount a business charges above their direct cost. If your contractor has a 1.50 markup (which is reasonable for a remodeling contractor), that means that if the estimated cost for a job is $10,000, they'll multiply the $10,000 x 1.50 and arrive at a $15,000 sales price. Your contractor gets $5,000 to pay their overhead expenses (which includes salary) and make a reasonable profit. I just heard those same people say, But wait, contractors don't have any overhead!. Guess again.", "Quote: Originally Posted by Luvbug. I am receiving bids from general contractors for a custom home I am building in the Sacramento, CA area and have a question. In addition to profit and overhead, is it common for general contractors to add a fee percentage to the bids that the sub-contractors submit for the project. General Contractor fees. One of my friends who is a custom home builder charges cost + 15% and homeowner sees all invoices. This way if the homeowner makes changes it does not have a negative effect the GCs bottom line.", "Construction overhead costs are basically a percentage of the general contractor’s operating expenses charged to your project. These (indirect) costs are not necessarily related specifically to your project but rather their cost of doing business. These items are essential to completion of the work but not part of the scope of work illustrated in the contract documents. Your contractor’s overhead portion of the markup will be a percentage of the overall cost of your work – let’s say 10% as an example. He may add another 5% as a fee for a total markup of 15%", "General Contractor fees. Yes it is typical for the GC to mark up subs bids as well as materials. Most GC's work on a profit margin of 10% to 15%. In addition to this you may also expect to pay construction management fees. Usually projects like yours are done on a fixed cost turnkey basis. General Contractor fees. One of my friends who is a custom home builder charges cost + 15% and homeowner sees all invoices. This way if the homeowner makes changes it does not have a negative effect the GCs bottom line.", "The typical remodeling contractor will have overhead expenses ranging from 25% to 54% of their revenue – that means every $15,000 job could have overhead expenses of $3,750 to $8,100. Somewhere along the line, people started believing that a 10% overhead and 10% profit is the industry standard for construction jobs. Your contractor gets $5,000 to pay their overhead expenses (which includes salary) and make a reasonable profit. I just heard those same people say, But wait, contractors don't have any overhead!. Guess again.", "G eneral contractors are project overseers and they typically bring together the people needed to complete a job. They hire each sub-contractor and add a mark-up percentage to the sub-contractor's cost. Many general contractors also have their own crew of laborers, for which they charge an hourly rate. Typically the contractor' s crew will be general carpentry trades people, some who may have more specialized skills. Exactly how a general contractor charges for a project depends on the type of contract you agree to. There are three common types of cost contracts, fixed price, time & materials and cost plus a fee. Each contract type has pros and cons for both the consumer and for the contractor.", "So, how much does a contractor cost, anywhere from 5% to 25% of the total project cost, with the average ranging 10-15%. Exactly how a general contractor charges for a project depends on the type of contract you agree to. There are three common types of cost contracts, fixed price, time & materials and cost plus a fee. Each contract type has pros and cons for both the consumer and for the contractor.", "A Cost Plus Fee contract with a contractor is exactly what it sounds like – the actual cost to build your project plus a management and coordination fee for the general contractor. Imagine that you are installing 100 outlets in your house and the fee to install them is $8,000. Most of the time if you come in and add another 10 outlets you’ll still only pay the $8,000 and not an additional $1,250 for 10 outlets at $125 per outlet." ], "url": [ "http://succeedwithcontractors.com/contractor-markup/", "http://www.markupandprofit.com/blog/how-much-should-contractor-charge", "http://www.diychatroom.com/f39/general-contractor-fees-1655/", "http://succeedwithcontractors.com/contractor-markup/", "http://www.diychatroom.com/f39/general-contractor-fees-1655/", "http://www.markupandprofit.com/blog/how-much-should-contractor-charge", "http://www.acmehowto.com/contractor/how-much.php", "http://www.acmehowto.com/contractor/how-much.php", "http://www.lifeofanarchitect.com/residential-construction-contracts-cost-plus-fee/" ] }

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[ "$11,666 per year ($972 a month)", "Averages from around $330 to $920 a month." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average cost of center-based daycare in the United States is $11,666 per year ($972 a month), but prices range from $3,582 to $18,773 a year ($300 to $1,564 monthly), according to the National Association of Child Care Resource & Referral Agencies (NACCRRA). Nanny care costs significantly less in, say, St. Louis than in Manhattan simply because the cost of living is lower there and so are wages. And daycare – whether in a center or in someone's home – could cost double or triple per month in a relatively expensive city compared to a cheaper area.", "According to the National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies (NACCRRA), home daycare averages from around $330 to $920 a month for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers (less in rural areas, a lot more in big cities). Home daycare: Overview. Studies show that home daycare is a good option because groups are often small, the homelike environment is comforting and reas... Signs of a good home daycare. Start looking about six months before you'll need childcare and use our list as a guide during your search.", "1 Large cities such as Boston and New York are most expensive, with average daycare costs of a little more than $1,000 a month. 2 Contacting two KinderCares in the San Jose area about infant day care, we received quotes of $300-$330 a week, plus annual fees. I wanted to know how much is a good rate for home daycare for infants and toddlers,school age children.. I was thinking for Infants $40 a day,and for Toddlers $45 a day.", "1 Generally speaking, the busier the area, the more expensive the daycare rates will be. 2 According to babycenter, day care costs can average anywhere between $250 and $1200 per month. 3 The average national monthly cost of child care is $611. 4 Larger chains such as Kindercare may cost more than a local daycare center. 1 According to babycenter, day care costs can average anywhere between $250 and $1200 per month. 2 The average national monthly cost of child care is $611. 3 Larger chains such as Kindercare may cost more than a local daycare center.", "Daycare fee increase and 2nd child discount. The in-home daycare/preschool that my children ages 2 and 4 attend raised fees this year by $80 dollars a month, this is $160 a month for us. I have two questions that I would love to hear back on, thank you. I'm sure lots of people will write in to say this, but $7/hour is more than the young woman needs to pay for good childcare. Many home daycare situations charge $4/hr for taking care of a child as part of a small group in someone's home.", "1 The cost of daycare can vary greatly from state to state and city to city. 2 Generally speaking, the busier the area, the more expensive the daycare rates will be. 3 According to babycenter, day care costs can average anywhere between $250 and $1200 per month. 4 The average national monthly cost of child care is $611. 1 According to babycenter, day care costs can average anywhere between $250 and $1200 per month. 2 The average national monthly cost of child care is $611. 3 Larger chains such as Kindercare may cost more than a local daycare center.", "Pinning down a nationwide average for home daycare costs is difficult – prices vary widely depending on where you live. Some providers charge very little, especially if they're close friends or neighbors of the families whose children they're caring for, but some may charge as much as daycare centers or more. Home daycare: Overview. Studies show that home daycare is a good option because groups are often small, the homelike environment is comforting and reas... Signs of a good home daycare. Start looking about six months before you'll need childcare and use our list as a guide during your search.", "To find an agency near you, call the hotline at (800) 424-2246 or visit the Child Care Aware website. The website features a helpful tool that tells you the average cost of home daycare and daycare centers in your zip code. Find out more about daycare centers. Nanny care costs significantly less in, say, St. Louis than in Manhattan simply because the cost of living is lower there and so are wages. And daycare – whether in a center or in someone's home – could cost double or triple per month in a relatively expensive city compared to a cheaper area.", "1 Assuming full-time day care for a 2 year old child on weekdays, according to Runzheimer International, the U.S. national average cost for full-time day care is $611 a month. 2 Large cities such as Boston and New York are most expensive, with average daycare costs of a little more than $1,000 a month. I wanted to know how much is a good rate for home daycare for infants and toddlers,school age children.. I was thinking for Infants $40 a day,and for Toddlers $45 a day." ], "url": [ "http://www.babycenter.com/0_how-much-youll-spend-on-childcare_1199776.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_home-daycare-how-much-does-it-cost_6041.bc", "http://children.costhelper.com/child-day-care.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-day-care-cost/", "https://www.berkeleyparentsnetwork.org/advice/childcare/cost", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-day-care-cost/", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_home-daycare-how-much-does-it-cost_6041.bc", "http://www.babycenter.com/0_how-much-youll-spend-on-childcare_1199776.bc", "http://children.costhelper.com/child-day-care.html" ] }

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[ "It caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. On a global scale, large ocean currents are constrained by the continental masses found bordering the three oceanic basins. Continental borders cause these currents to develop an almost closed circular pattern called a gyre. On either side of the equator, in all ocean basins, there are two west flowing currents: the North and South Equatorial (Figure 8q-1) . These currents flow between 3 and 6 kilometers per day and usually extend 100 to 200 meters in depth below the ocean surface.", "Near the equator the water is about 8 centimeters high than in middle latitudes. This cause a very slight slope and water wants to flow down the slope. Winds blowing on the surface of the ocean push the water. Friction is the coupling between the wind and the water's surface. A wind blowing for 10 hours across the ocean will cause the surface waters to flow at about 2% of the wind speed. Water will pile up in the direction the wind is blowing. These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. The density difference is a function of different temperatures and salinity. These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase.", "But the Coriolis Force intervenes and cause the water to move to the right (in the northern hemisphere) around the mound of water. These large mounds of water and the flow around them are called Gyres. The produce large circular currents in all the ocean basins. These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. The density difference is a function of different temperatures and salinity. These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase.", "Surface Ocean Currents An ocean current can be defined as a horizontal movement of seawater at the ocean's surface. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. On either side of the equator, in all ocean basins, there are two west flowing currents: the North and South Equatorial (Figure 8q-1) . These currents flow between 3 and 6 kilometers per day and usually extend 100 to 200 meters in depth below the ocean surface.", "A gyre is a spiral or vortex of wind. It is the circular movement of currents in the ocean basin. Its movement is in the anti-clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere and clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere. Gyre is an important term in oceanography. Gyres can be caused by a number of reasons; one of them is the Coriolis force. The coriolis effect is caused because of the rotation of the earth. This effect causes a number of cyclones on the earth’s surface.", "These cause frictional surface currents towards the latitude at the center of the gyre. This build-up of water in the center creates flow towards the equator in the upper 1,000 to 2,000 m (3,300 to 6,600 ft) of the ocean, through rather complex dynamics. This flow is returned towards the pole in an intensified western boundary current. The term gyre can be used to refer to any type of vortex in the air or the sea, even one that is man-made, but it is most commonly used in oceanography to refer to the major ocean systems.", "A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). The term gyre can be used to refer to any type of vortex in the air or the sea, even one that is man-made, but it is most commonly used in oceanography to refer to the major ocean systems.", "This is called the Coriolis effect. Winds, continents and the Coriolis effect make currents flow around the oceans in huge loops called gyres. The map shows a generalized pattern of ocean currents. In each ocean basin there is a roughly circular current flow called a gyre. Energy from the sun also causes currents to flow", "Ocean Currents and Climate. There are two type of Ocean Currents: 1. Surface Currents -- Surface Circulation. These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. These waters are the upper 400 meters of the ocean. 2. These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. The density difference is a function of different temperatures and salinity. These deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to increase." ], "url": [ "http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html", "http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html", "http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html", "http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-a-gyre/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre", "http://legacy.mos.org/oceans/motion/currents.html", "http://earth.usc.edu/~stott/Catalina/Oceans.html" ] }

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[ "8.5 high x 18.5 long x 13.5 wide.", "Southwest Airlines limits carryon bag dimensions to 10 x 16 x 24 inches." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Size. Southwest accepts luggage that is no more than 62 linear inches. This means the height, width and length of the bags you check must equal 62 inches or less. Checking larger items will cause you to incur a $50 fee per item that is larger than 62 inches. Southwest will accept items that equal as many as 80 linear inches. If a traveler on Southwest checks 10 or more bags, each bag after the ninth costs $110. Southwest accepts luggage that is no more than 62 linear inches. This means the height, width and length of the bags you check must equal 62 inches or less.", "1 Walking canes or umbrellas. 2 Each passenger is permitted to bring one quart-sized bag of liquids aersols, gels, creams and pastes in your carryon bag and through the TSA security checkpoint. 3 These are limited to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. 1 Southwest Airlines limits carryon bag dimensions to 10 x 16 x 24 inches. 2 All Customers and Employees and their items are subject to a thorough, physical search. 3 The following items are not considered carryon bags or personal-type items and are not counted against the one-bag plus one personal-type item limit:", "If your dog or cat meets the requirements listed in Southwest Airlines pet policy to travel in-cabin, you will need an approved airline pet carrier. The maximum size carrier that can be carried on a Southwest flight is 8.5 high x 18.5 long x 13.5 wide. If you are traveling with a soft-sided carrier, the height should be measured when compressed. There must be sufficient room for your pet to stand up and turn around in the carrier.", "How much alcohol you can bring on a flight depends on whether you’re checking your bottles or carrying them on. If you’re packing alcohol in your carry-on, you’ll be subject to the Transportation Security Administration’s 3-1-1 limit for liquids. Containers must be 3.4 ounces or fewer and fit inside one quart-sized bag. According to the FAA, there are no limits on how much alcohol you can pack in your checked luggage if the alcohol by volume is less than 24 percent (generally beer and wine). Between 24 and 70 percent, however, the FAA limits passengers to 5 liters.", "Not all airlines hew to the same size limits. JetBlue and Southwest, for example, allow bigger bags that measure at most 24 inches long, 16 inches wide and 10 inches high. The solution, as always, is to read your airline’s website. The information may be under its baggage policy or may be in its contract of carriage", "1 Each passenger is permitted to bring one quart-sized bag of liquids aersols, gels, creams and pastes in your carryon bag and through the TSA security checkpoint. 2 These are limited to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. 1 Southwest Airlines limits carryon bag dimensions to 10 x 16 x 24 inches. 2 All Customers and Employees and their items are subject to a thorough, physical search. 3 The following items are not considered carryon bags or personal-type items and are not counted against the one-bag plus one personal-type item limit:", "Each airline has its own luggage policy regulating the size of carry-on and checked luggage. The regulations provide a smoother flying experience by limiting the amount of luggage in the cabin and by giving airlines a better idea of how much weight the plane is carrying. For example, Southwest Airlines (southwest.com) requires the dimensions of duffel bags to be no larger than 10 inches by 16 inches by 24 inches, and has no weight limitation for carry-ons. Measure each of your bag's dimensions -- the width, length and height -- to ensure it's within those measurements.", "I understand that Southwest allow me to bring 1 carry-on luggage + 1 personal item. I'm planning to bring one backpack with my ukulele strap to one side, a small camera bag (Panasonic Lumix GF3) across my body or around my neck, and a paper bag filled with a few pairs of shoes (probably 2-3 pairs) in my hand. ", "Southwest does not charge passengers for the first two bags that they check on a flight. Because some other airlines charge up to $25 for the first bag and as much as $35 for the second bag, travelers may be able to save a significant amount of money by flying with Southwest if they plan to check their bags. If a traveler on Southwest checks 10 or more bags, each bag after the ninth costs $110. Southwest accepts luggage that is no more than 62 linear inches. This means the height, width and length of the bags you check must equal 62 inches or less. Checking larger items will cause you to incur a $50 fee per item that is larger than 62 inches. Southwest will accept items that equal as many as 80 linear inche" ], "url": [ "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/southwest-airlines-checked-baggage-rules-63778.html", "https://www.southwest.com/html/customer-service/baggage/carryon-bags-pol.html", "http://www.pettravel.com/airline_pet_rules/southwest.cfm", "http://www.cheapflights.com/news/dos-and-donts-alcohol-on-a-flight/", "http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-trb-carry-on-luggage-size-20140611-story.html", "https://www.southwest.com/html/customer-service/baggage/carryon-bags-pol.html", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/measure-width-duffel-bag-airline-102614.html", "http://www.fodors.com/community/united-states/southwest-airline-carry-on-policy.cfm", "http://traveltips.usatoday.com/southwest-airlines-checked-baggage-rules-63778.html" ] }

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[ "You can explain, model, guide, practice, and reteach. Use communication that is effective for students with autism. If the student with autism is non-verbal then they should have a communication system they are using." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Autism has a number of causes-which means you can do something to help reverse it and improve the life of your child. There are a number of reasons why children develop Autism Spectrum Disorders or ASD. A therapist can work on your child long distance through you. Or find a local practitioner. NMT has had a good deal of success with Autism Spectrum Disorders, and can help to deal with hard to deal issues like food allergies.", "Answers. Best Answer: You have to get a Bachelors in psych and then go for a behavioral masters program and take the test to get your BCABA certification. I think you can get a bachelors in it too, but you have to make sure you take all the right classes to take the test. I agree with the person above though. This is something that you should make sure that you want to do. I was able to work as a caregiver/ aide with autistic children while in college.", "How to Help Your Autistic Child. You can help your child with an ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) cope with the world, or even with the house. Use these tools to assist your child to live in a healthy and growth-oriented environment. ", "Best School Websites. Print this page How to Request a One-to-One Paraprofessional for Your Child by Wayne Steedman, Esq. When parents request a one-to-one aide or paraprofessional for their child with a disability, they are often frustrated by the school district's response. Even when the district agrees to their request, parents may be dissatisfied with the results. ", "So, while there is no cure for children diagnosed with autism, parents must develop a deeper understanding and acceptance of their child’s challenges before they can determine strategies to minimize the obstacles autism presents in his or her ability to learn. ", "When your child has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), for example Asperger's syndrome, school can be difficult. Autism in the classroom is something that’s hard for teachers, parents, and the child with the ASD to deal with. “My school just doesn’t get it,” one parent who didn’t want to be identified told WebMD. Another said “My child is developing behavioral problems. That’s because he can’t communicate well at school.”. The parents and the professionals all agree that it takes lots of hard work to help a child with autism get the most out of the classroom experience. It also takes, they say, a good dose of structure and the understanding that every child with an autism spectrum disorder is unique.", "Instructions. If you are a teacher's aid for a student with autism, learn everything you can about autism spectrum disorders. Most schools offer workshops. These could be at the school or they could be presented at other locations by other presenters. Ask about workshops. Give them the help so that they can actually do their own work. You can explain, model, guide, practice, and reteach. Use communication that is effective for students with autism. If the student with autism is non-verbal then they should have a communication system they are using. Know what that system is and use it", "It causes one to question, “How do you get autism?” as well as make parents wonder if they did something wrong to cause their child to be autistic. However, just as there is not one type of autism, there is also not one specific cause of autism. Many processed foods and artificial colors and flavors and food can aggravate autism in children. While switching to a more natural diet is not a full cure for autism, many individuals with autism do astonishingly better. Prevent-Autism.org suggests a diet rich in organic and natural food.", "Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a range of complex neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by social impairments, communication difficulties, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Autistic disorder, sometimes called autism or classical ASD, is the most severe form of ASD, while other conditions along the spectrum include a milder form known as Asperger syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (usually referred to as PDD-NOS)." ], "url": [ "http://www.health-reports.com/autism.shtml", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110216212131AA0Xt1W", "http://www.wikihow.com/Help-Your-Autistic-Child", "http://www.wrightslaw.com/info/relsvc.aide.steedman.htm", "http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2012/12/01/kappan_foster.html", "http://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/features/autism-in-the-classroom", "http://www.ehow.com/how_5168086_teachers-aide-student-autism.html", "http://www.specialneeds.com/children-and-parents/autism/how-do-you-get-autism", "http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm" ] }

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[ "Lava" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Magma is liquid rock inside a volcano. Lava is liquid rock (magma) that flows out of a volcano. Fresh lava ranges from 1,300° to 2,200° F (700° to 1,200° C) in temperature and glows red hot to white hot as it flows. How many volcanoes are there.", "Lava flow during a rift eruption at Krafla, Iceland in 1984. Lava is the molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. The source of the heat that melts the rock within the earth is geothermal energy. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at temperatures from 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F).", "Instead, volcanoes are built by the accumulation of their own eruptive products -- lava, bombs (crusted over ash flows, and tephra (airborne ash and dust). A volcano is most commonly a conical hill or mountain built around a vent that connects with reservoirs of molten rock below the surface of the Earth. The term volcano also refers to the opening or vent through which the molten rock and associated gases are expelled. D riven by buoyancy and gas pressure the molten rock, which is lighter than the surrounding solid rock forces its way upward and may ultimately break though zones of weaknesses in the Earth's crust.", "Molten rock is called magma when it is beneath the earth’s surface. When it is erupted and flows through a volcanic vent it is called lava. And when it is erupted explosively as shattered fragments hurled into the air it is called tephra (which includes volcanic ash, pumice and scoria). A volcano is a landform that results from magma (molten rock within the earth) erupting at the surface. The size and shape of a volcano reflect how often it erupts, the size and type of eruptions, and the composition of the magma it produces.", "Lava. Lava is the molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption and the resulting rock after solidification and cooling. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. The source of the heat that liquefies the rock within the earth is geothermal energy. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at temperatures from 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F).", "A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface of the planet. In simple terms a volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock (magma) below the surface of the earth. It is a hole in the Earth from which molten rock and gas erupt. Lava is liquid rock (magma) that flows out of a volcano. Fresh lava ranges from 1,300° to 2,200° F (700° to 1,200° C) in temperature and glows red hot to white hot as it flows. How many volcanoes are there.", "1)Inside a volcano, pressure builds.The pressure pushes MAGMA upward. 2)Magma pushes toward Earth's SURFACE through CRACKS. 3)Hot LAVA, gases, and ROCK flow from the volcano. 4)Lava COOLS, hardens, and becomes part of the LAND. A volcano erupts when pressure pushes molten rock up through cracks in Earth's crust onto the surface.Volcanoes change Earth's surface. a)Molten rock pushes up through cracks in Earth's crust. b)An explosion of ash, lava and magma.", "A volcano is a vent or chimney which transfers molten rock known as magma from depth to the Earth's surface. Magma erupting from a volcano is called lava and is the material which builds up the cone surrounding the vent. A volcano is active if it is erupting lava, releasing gas or generates seismic activity. Shield volcano. When magma is very hot and runny, gases can escape and eruptions are gentle with considerable amounts of magma reaching the surface to form lava flows. Shield volcanoes have a broad, flattened dome-like shape created by layers of runny lava flowing over its surface and cooling.", "Lava Lava is the word for magma (molten rock) when it erupts onto the Earth's surface. Geologists also use the word to describe the solidified deposits of lava flows and fragments hurled into the air by explosive eruptions (for example, lava bombs or blocks). ", "Lava is the extrusive equivalent of magma. Magma (from Greek μάγμα, thick unguent) is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. " ], "url": [ "http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/mountains/volcanoes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava", "http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/nature.html", "http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/volcanoes/page-1", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/surface_and_interior/lava", "http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/mountains/volcanoes.htm", "https://quizlet.com/10824490/volcanoes-chapter-6-lesson-2-flash-cards/", "http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/hazards/volcano/basics/what", "http://www.geol.lsu.edu/henry/Geology3041/OtherResources/Volcanism/VolcanicPhotoglossary.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma" ] }

[]

[ "Ghp 30.67 /kWh" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In 2010, the average effective electricity tariff in Africa was US $0.14 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) against an average of US $0.18 per kWh in production costs. Consumption is effectively subsidized, but with significant disparities among African countries.", "If it is correct, then it is significantly higher than the average retail price of electricity in USA (the average retail price is about $0.09 per kWh). I have just found out (SIL Ghanaweb) that the cost of electricity for May 2007 in Ghana was 1,625 cedis per kWh.", "generation which is incorporated in terms of the per tariff paid to meet the electricity kWh. demands) amounted to US$591,594,100 for the ten year planning period.The total cost of. off-grid electrification for the ten year period amounted to $46,617,650.", "Source: GNA. The Electricity Company (ECG) of Ghana has proposed an increase in tariffs from Ghp 9.76 /kWh to Ghp 30.67 /kWh, an increase of 214 per cent in the current Distribution Service Charge.", "By Billie Adwoa McTernan. The cost of water and electricity rose Tuesday in Ghana, amid concerns of poor service. The tariff hikes follow a 25 September order by the Public Utilities Commission (PURC) that the price of water would go up by 52 percent and electricity by 78.9 percent.", "At the lowest electrical retail price of $0.05 per kWh (based on the lowest electrical retail price for TVA in USA), the annual income from this power generating capacity is about $757 million. (According to the budget statement for 2006, crude oil imports were fixed at $697.21 million).", "Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) in Ghana was last measured at 343.75 in 2011, according to the World Bank.", "In a number of countries, emergency energy solutions, which constitute a large part of installed capacity, also rely mostly on fossil-fuel energy. The costs of emergency generation are in the range of US $0.2 to US $0.3 per kWh, which is much higher than the cost of conventional generation." ], "url": [ "http://www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/the-high-cost-of-electricity-generation-in-africa-11496/", "http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=127315", "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTAFRREGTOPENERGY/Resources/717305-1327690230600/8397692-1327697380446/Electrification_cost_estimation_Ghana_4Pager.pdf", "http://news.moneygh.com/pages/energy/201306/943.php", "http://www.theafricareport.com/West-Africa/ghana-electricity-and-water-price-hikes-begin.html", "http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=127315", "http://www.tradingeconomics.com/ghana/electric-power-consumption-kwh-per-capita-wb-data.html", "http://www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/the-high-cost-of-electricity-generation-in-africa-11496/" ] }

[]

[ "$67,000 per Year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "See what you’ll earn after you get your psychology degree. A psychologist’s salary varies greatly depending upon level of education and the environment in which a psychology professional practices. Psychology salaries for doctorate-holders will average $6,000 to $8,000 more per year than those with a master’s degree.", "According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2012, which is the latest reported median pay for psychologists on their website, a psychologist makes $69,280 per year. Similarly, Indeed.com reports the national psychologists salary average to be $67,000 as of April 17, 2015. The HR Report data from Salary.com, however, states that as of April 2015, the median salary for psychologists in the U.S. is $88,120.", "The median annual wage for psychologists was $69,280 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,720, and the top 10 percent earned more than $110,880.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Psychologist in the United States is $88,776, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Psychologist in the United States are expected to make less than $88,776. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus.", "The average annual wage for these psychologists was $98,800 in May 2012, according to the BLS. The median wage was $83,580, and those in the top ten percentile of wages made $168,020 or more. Management, scientific and technical consulting services paid the highest wage for these psychologists of $125,980 in May 2012.", "With a mean salary of $72,710 per year, school psychologists earn more than many other social services jobs within the education system. School counselors earn a mean annual salary of $56,160, while elementary school teachers earn $56,320 and special education teachers for middle schools earn $59,540." ], "url": [ "http://www.allpsychologyschools.com/psychology/psychology-salaries/", "http://www.psychologycareercenter.org/salaries.html", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm", "http://www1.salary.com/Psychologist-salary.html", "http://learn.org/articles/What_is_the_Average_Salary_for_Psychologists.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/school-psychologist/salary" ] }

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[ "1 Alliteration-the recurrence of initial consonant sounds-rubber baby buggy bumpers. 2 Allusion-a reference to an event, literary work or person-I can’t do that because I am not Superman." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Difference between Rhetorical Device and Figures of Speech. Rhetorical figures or devices are employed to achieve particular emphasis and effect. Rhetorical devices, however, are different from “figures of speech”. Wherever and whenever a figure of speech is used in written texts and speech, it alters meanings of words.", "Congery is a form of tautology, the rhetorical use of repetition. It refers to a writer or speaker using a number of different and successive words or phrases that all effectively mean the same thing, purely to emphasise the point. That’s it. That’s all.", "Now you see how these different examples of rhetorical devices work. You can use rhetorical devices in your own writing to create more interesting or persuasive content.", "Rhetoric is the artful use of language, and the purpose of rhetoric is to persuade the audience. Scholars of language have developed an impressive list of rhetorical devices -- particular ways of using language to create certain effects.", "Nevertheless, the difference between rhetorical devices and figures of speech is so minute that both share many features. A figure of speech becomes a device in rhetoric when it is aimed at persuading the readers or listeners.", "Rhetorical Devices in Writing. Here are examples of rhetorical devices with a definition and an example: 1 Alliteration-the recurrence of initial consonant sounds-rubber baby buggy bumpers. 2 Allusion-a reference to an event, literary work or person-I can’t do that because I am not Superman." ], "url": [ "http://literarydevices.net/rhetoric/", "http://mentalfloss.com/article/60234/21-rhetorical-devices-explained", "http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-rhetorical-devices.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/three-rhetorical-purposes-campaign-advertisements-37417.html", "http://literarydevices.net/rhetoric/", "http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-rhetorical-devices.html" ] }

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[ "About $ 3,000,000 a year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The salary an NFL player makes typically varies by the position he plays. On average, quarterbacks are the highest-earning players, garnering $1,970,982 per year. That amount breaks down to $123,186.38 per game. By comparison, tight ends earn an average annual salary of $863,414, or $53,963.38 per regular season game.", "they would proberbly get paid $ 3,000,000 a year depending how good they are at football if you were awsume you would have more like $ 6,000,000 but it depends because my frie … nds cousin got in the NFL and he got a contract for $ 6,000,000 dollar for two years. 3 people found this useful.", "WhatFootballersEarn.com is a fun and simple website that shows how much some of the world’s best footballers are paid. We have a range of player pages, which all allow you to see their salaries totting up in real time.", "they would proberbly get paid $ 3,000,000 a year depending how good they are at football if you were awsume you would have more like $ 6,000,000 but it depends because my frie … nds cousin got in the NFL and he got a contract for $ 6,000,000 dollar for two years. 3 people found this useful. John Bringingthewood.", "How much do football players get paid a year? It will depend on how young and good you are, in England players like Rooney get 250,000 pounds a week, while the average get 30,000 to 40,000 pounds.", "After two years, an NFL player earns a base pay of $32,812.50 per game, equaling $525,000 per year. Players with three years in the NFL receive a minimum of $37,500 per game, totaling $600", "How much do football players get paid a year? It will depend on how young and good you are, in England players like Rooney get 250,000 pounds a week, while the average get 30,000 to 40,000 pounds." ], "url": [ "http://woman.thenest.com/much-football-players-paid-game-21209.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_do_footballers_get_paid_a_year", "http://www.whatfootballersearn.com/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_Football_player_get_paid_in_a_year", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_does_a_Football_player_get_paid_in_a_year", "http://woman.thenest.com/much-football-players-paid-game-21209.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_much_do_footballers_get_paid_a_year" ] }

[]

[ "Proteins are formed by joining the-CO 2 H end of one amino acid with the-NH 2 end of another to form an amide." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Plant proteins are formed in the protein synthesis, a series of bio-chemical reactions where: 1) Parts of the plant's DNA is split up, copied into RNA and cut away (DN … A is restored to its original shape after).", "Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid. The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is considered the primary structure of the protein. Proteins are built from a set of only twenty amino acids, each of which has a unique side chain. The side chains of amino acids have different chemistries. The largest group of amino acids have nonpolar side chains.", "The chemistry of amino acid side chains is critical to protein structure because these side chains can bond with one another to hold a length of protein in a certain shape or conformation. Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds.", "Proteins are formed by the different combinations of amino acids. There are twenty type of amino acids (different from each other due to variable group R).", "DNA molecules form amino acids. Amino acids are bonded together by peptide bonds. This chain on amino acids and peptide bonds form the structure for protein.", "These proteins are created in the body by condensation of amino acids under the influence of enzyme catalysts, using patterns or direction from the nucleic acids in the cells. The amino acid units in a protein molecule are held together by peptide bonds, and form chains called polypeptide chains.", "The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are small organic molecules that consist of an alpha (central) carbon atom linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component called a side chain (see below).", "Proteins are formed by joining the-CO 2 H end of one amino acid with the-NH 2 end of another to form an amide. The-CONH-bond between amino acids is known as a peptide bond because relatively short polymers of amino acids are known as peptides." ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/Proteins_are_formed_from", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/protein-structure-14122136", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/protein-structure-14122136", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_are_proteins_formed", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_are_proteins_formed", "http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Organic/protein.html", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/protein-structure-14122136", "http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1biochem/proteins4.html" ] }

[]

[ "Liquids and gases." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 3. 8 Characteristics of a fluid 2.2.2 Dimension All physical quantities are expressed in combinations of base units. 2 The index number of the combination of base units expressing a certain physical quantity is called the dimension, as follows. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2 13. 3 18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4 As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig.", "182 Chapter 7 • Fluids on the Move NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids Fluids have certain characteristics that defi ne them as fl uids. For example, fl uids do not have a defi nite shape of their own. Instead, both gases and liquids take the shape of their container (Figure 1). NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 185 Types of Flow Fluid fl ow can be divided into two main patterns—laminar fl ow and turbulent fl ow. Laminar fl ow is smooth and regular; turbulent fl ow is choppy and irregular (Figure 7). Laminar fl ow is when fl uids move in orderly lines or along smooth pathways", "The major states or phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Since liquids and gases have some common characteristics that are different than solids, they are called fluids. Plasmas may also be considered fluids, although their properties are not quite the same. Liquids take on shape of sphere. A liquid in space will form the natural shape of a sphere. This is because the attraction between its atoms or molecules is greater than the forces from their kinetic energy moving outward. A sphere is a shape with the smallest surface area for a given volume of material.", "In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. Fluids can be defined as substances that have zero shear modulus or in simpler terms a fluid is a substance which cannot resist any shear force applied to it.", "1 1. Characteristics of a fluid Fluids are divided into liquids and gases. 2 A liquid is hard to compress and as in the ancient saying ‘Water takes the shape of the vessel containing it’, it changes its shape according to the shape of its container with an upper free surface. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2 13. 3 18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4 As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig.", "(a) solid (b) liquid (c) gas NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 183 Solids have a defi nite shape and volume. Although the particles of a solid are in constant motion, the forces of attraction are so strong that the particles vibrate very small distances around a central point. NEL 7.2 Characteristics of Fluids 185 Types of Flow Fluid fl ow can be divided into two main patterns—laminar fl ow and turbulent fl ow. Laminar fl ow is smooth and regular; turbulent fl ow is choppy and irregular (Figure 7). Laminar fl ow is when fl uids move in orderly lines or along smooth pathways", "One common characteristic is that fluids have no fixed shape and are easily deformed. Liquids tend to take the form of a sphere in space, while gases seem shapeless. Under the influence of gravity, liquids take on the shape of the container, while gases often flow out of any container. Liquids take on shape of sphere. A liquid in space will form the natural shape of a sphere. This is because the attraction between its atoms or molecules is greater than the forces from their kinetic energy moving outward. A sphere is a shape with the smallest surface area for a given volume of material.", "2.characteristics of fluid. 1 1. Characteristics of a fluid Fluids are divided into liquids and gases. 2 A liquid is hard to compress and as in the ancient saying ‘Water takes the shape of the vessel containing it’, it changes its shape according to the shape of its container with an upper free surface. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2 13. 3 18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4 As this value changes from 0 to 00, as shown in Fig.", "1 9. 14 Characteristics of a fluid Fig. 2.5 A dewdrop on a taro leaf Whenever a fine tube is pushed through the free surface of a liquid, the liquid rises up or falls in the tube as shown in Fig. 2 2.7 owing to the relation between the surface tension and the adhesive force between the liquid and the solid. 1 Fig. 2.10 State change of perfect gas. 2 13. 3 18 Characteristics of a fluid The change in state of a perfect gas is expressed by the following equation: pv = constant where n is called the polytropic exponent. 4 As this value changes from 0 to 00," ], "url": [ "http://www.slideshare.net/garapatiavinash/2characteristics-of-fluid", "http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/walkerk/7.2%20Characteristics%20of%20Fluids.pdf", "http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/fluids.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid", "http://www.slideshare.net/garapatiavinash/2characteristics-of-fluid", "http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/walkerk/7.2%20Characteristics%20of%20Fluids.pdf", "http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/fluids.htm", "http://www.slideshare.net/garapatiavinash/2characteristics-of-fluid", "http://www.slideshare.net/garapatiavinash/2characteristics-of-fluid" ] }

[]

[ "It can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Introduction. Culture is just one perspective that can help us to understand more about a business. 'Business culture' is not just about how others see a business, but also about how the individuals within an organisation understand it. ", "Culture refers to an organization's shared values, beliefs, and behaviors. In general, it is concerned with beliefs and values on the basis of which people interpret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. In business, it is called corporate culture or, as an focus, the company mission.. Your core as competitor is your competitive philosophy. A clear philosophy makes decision-making easier. Philosophy guides everything else you do in competition. Nothing is as important as having the right way of thinking.", "The culture of each country has its own beliefs, values and activities. In other words culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes. Culture is a key component in business and has an impact on the strategic direction of business. Culture influences management, decisions and all business functions from accounting to production.", "According to Mediate.com, a workplace culture can be defined as a way of life in a work environment. In a small business, workplace culture can be shaped by the business owner and the types of policy and procedures he sets, as well as the types of people he hires. Things such as dress code, job titles, behavioral policies and even the gender or ethnicity of the work force play roles in shaping the culture. In a small business environment, the workplace culture is especially important because it may consist of only a few employees who work together in close quarters. Workplace culture tends to evolve over time, although business owners can take measures to change it if they deem it necessary.", "The www.businessculture.org website will give you an in-depth insight into European Business Culture across 31 European Countries. However, before you look at the business culture definition it is necessary to understand what culture is. Culture illustrates the accepted norms and values and traditional behaviour of a group. One definition of culture by Deal and Kennedy is “the way a we do things around here” . In other words culture can be defined as an evolving set of collective beliefs, values and attitudes. Culture is a key component in business and has an impact on the strategic direction of business. Culture influences management, decisions and all business functions from accounting to production.", "Model or style of business operations within a company. The business culture determines how different levels of staff communicate with one another as well as how employees deal with clients and customers. ", "Organizational culture refers to culture in any type of organization including that of schools, universities, not-for-profit groups, government agencies, or business entities. In business, terms such as corporate culture and company culture are sometimes used to refer to a similar concept. Thus, organizational culture affects the way people and groups interact with each other, with clients, and with stakeholders. In addition, organizational culture may affect how much employees identify with an organization.", "Definition of Culture. Culture is a set of attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and customs. Members of a community teach one another these learned cultural cues so that it becomes an ingrained, accepted part of their society. Common cultural elements include social structure, language, religion and communication. Culture in Business. Culture affects the way people think about business in their own society. An awareness of cultural attitudes toward business will help you communicate efficiently and effectively when working with people from other cultures.", "Organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. ", "Every workplace consists of its own culture. In a small business environment, the workplace culture is especially important because it may consist of only a few employees who work together in close quarters. Workplace culture tends to evolve over time, although business owners can take measures to change it if they deem it necessary." ], "url": [ "http://www.open.edu/openlearn/money-management/management/business-studies/introduction-business-cultures/content-section-0", "http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/culture_corporate.html", "http://businessculture.org/business-culture/", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/culture-within-workplace-4917.html", "http://businessculture.org/business-culture/", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/business-culture.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/culture-business-communication-2922.html", "http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-culture.html", "http://smallbusiness.chron.com/culture-within-workplace-4917.html" ] }

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[ "$2,000 and $10,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can deduct some closing costs on your federal tax return. When you purchase a home, you normally pay several expenses at closing. These closing costs include prepaid interest, called points, application and appraisal fees, title insurance and survey fees. The costs are charged by mortgage companies. Closing costs often add up to anywhere between $2,000 and $10,000. The Internal Revenue Service has rules that allow homebuyers to claim deductions on their federal tax returns for some closing costs.", "Generally, deductible closing costs are those for interest, certain mortgage points and deductible real estate taxes. Many other settlement fees and closing costs for buying the property become additions to your basis in the property and part of your depreciation deduction, including: 1 Abstract fees.", "Itemized Deductions. The first thing to understand is that you can only deduct home closing costs, or settlement fees, if you itemize your deductions on an IRS form 1040. So, if you file a 1040EZ, for example, you will not reap any tax benefits from your home closing costs.", "The only settlement or closing costs you can deduct on your tax return for the year the home was purchased or built are Mortgage Interest and certain Real Estate (property) taxes. These can be deducted in the year you buy your home if you itemize your deductions.", "Obtain an Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Schedule A. In order to deduct closing costs on your income taxes you must itemize your deductions on IRS Schedule A (“Schedule A”). You may obtain a Schedule A from the IRS website here: http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040sa.pdf." ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/claim-closing-cost-deduction-tax-return-6956.html", "https://www.irs.gov/Help-&-Resources/Tools-&-FAQs/FAQs-for-Individuals/Frequently-Asked-Tax-Questions-&-Answers/Sale-or-Trade-of-Business,-Depreciation,-Rentals/Rental-Expenses/Rental-Expenses", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/home-closing-costs-tax-deductible-2550.html", "https://www.taxslayer.com/support/475", "http://www.wikihow.com/Deduct-Closing-Costs-on-Taxes" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In this article. Although the name suggests otherwise, ringworm is not caused by a worm at all-but a fungus. This highly contagious infection can lead to patchy areas of hair loss on a dog, and can spread to other animals-and to humans, too. And because transmission of the ringworm fungus can occur via contact with infected animals and bedding, dishes and other materials in the environment where infected hair or scales may collect, ringworm can quickly spread in kennels, shelters and other places where there are many dogs in a close environment.", "In the dog, ringworm lesions usually appear as areas of hair loss (alopecia) that are roughly circular. As these circular lesions enlarge, the central area heals and hair may begin to regrow in the middle of the lesion.The affected hair shafts are fragile and easily broken. These dogs can spread ringworm to other animals or people despite having no obvious skin lesions, and are called asymptomatic carriers.. Asymptomatic carriers are especially problematic in multi-animal environments such as animal shelters or kennels.", "Though most adult dogs have a resistance to ringworm, puppies and dogs with an unhealthy immune system are easily susceptible to this fungus. Ringworm is more prevalent in warmer climates and spores can survive on skin, in the ground and in carpets or bedding for as much as 18 months. Ringworm symptoms are generally characteristic for most dogs and can be easily confused with mange. Ringworm fungus will cause hair shafts to break off as it feeds on dead skin and hair tissue. The typical ring that is apparent in humans is not generally noticeable in dogs.", "Email Article. Ringworm is a well known fungus that can infect dogs, cats and humans. Many people have either had or known someone that has had a ringworm infection. There are several different forms of the fungus which can infect either you or your pet. ", "Ringworm in dogs is not caused by worms. It is actually a skin disease caused by a fungus. It can be spread when infected dog, puppy cat, pet or human comes in contact with another dog. The fungus lives in hair follicles, causing the hair to break off. Ringworm in dogs can be spread between dogs, cats and humans. Children are more likely to get the disease than adults. Once someone gets the fungus, the spores can spread in bedding and blankets. If this is the case you need to wash exposed garments in bleach and water.", "Diagnosis of Ringworm in dogs. To diagnose Ringworm your vet will need to do one of the following tests. It is not possible by just looking at the skin to make the diagnosis. Wood's Lamp An ultra violet lamp also known as a black light. Your vet may use this as 50% of microsporum canis will glow under the lamp. Your vet may prescribe Griseofulvin for your dog. It is an anti fungal drug that is used for dogs with ringworm but it does have some side effects so be sure to consult your vet before giving any medication. Griseofulvin inhibits fungal reproduction.", "Griseofulvin for Ringworm in dogs. Your vet may prescribe Griseofulvin for your dog. It is an anti fungal drug that is used for dogs with ringworm but it does have some side effects so be sure to consult your vet before giving any medication. Griseofulvin inhibits fungal reproduction.", "The most common way to treat ringworm in dogs is to use a combination of topical therapy (application of creams, ointments or shampoos) and systemic therapy (administration of anti-fungal drugs by mouth). These dogs can spread ringworm to other animals or people despite having no obvious skin lesions, and are called asymptomatic carriers.. Asymptomatic carriers are especially problematic in multi-animal environments such as animal shelters or kennels.", "Ringworm is contagious and can be spread from a dog or cat to a human. Humans can catch ringworm by touching an infected dog or cat (or other animal) with ringworm. Ringworm is transmitted by direct contact with an infected cat or dog's skin or hair. Children are more likely to become infected by ringworm from cats and dogs than adults. Your vet may prescribe Griseofulvin for your dog. It is an anti fungal drug that is used for dogs with ringworm but it does have some side effects so be sure to consult your vet before giving any medication. Griseofulvin inhibits fungal reproduction." ], "url": [ "http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/ringworm-infection-dogs", "http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/ringworm-in-dogs/922", "http://www.vetinfo.com/ringworm-in-dogs.html", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=2+2102&aid=471", "http://www.dog-health-guide.org/RingwormInDogs.html", "http://www.dogchatforum.com/ringworm-in-dogs.htm", "http://www.dogchatforum.com/ringworm-in-dogs.htm", "http://www.vcahospitals.com/main/pet-health-information/article/animal-health/ringworm-in-dogs/922", "http://www.dogchatforum.com/ringworm-in-dogs.htm" ] }

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[ "Occupational therapy is a health and rehabilitation profession. Occupational therapists work with people of all ages who need specialized assistance to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives due to physical, developmental, social, or emotional problems.", "Occupational therapy is a health and rehabilitation profession. Occupational therapists work with people of all ages who need specialized assistance to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives due to physical, developmental, social, or emotional problems." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Occupational therapy (OT) is the use of assessment and treatment to develop, recover, or maintain the daily living and work skills of people with a physical, mental, or cognitive disorder. Occupational therapists often work closely with professionals in physical therapy, speech therapy, nursing, social work, and the community.", "Occupational therapy is a health care profession aimed at enabling people to live life to its fullest. To occupational therapists, a “full” life means engagement in the activities that a person wants and needs to do, no matter what injury, illness, condition, disability, lifestyle, or environment stands in the way.", "Occupational Therapy, often abbreviated as OT , is an applied science and health profession that provides skilled treatment to help individuals achieve and maintain independence in all facets of their lives. OT gives people the skills for the job of living necessary for independent and satisfying lives. ", "In its simplest terms, occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations). ", "In fact, occupational therapists aren't worried about jobs; they're focused on the activities that give daily life meaning. Occupational therapy helps patients recover or develop skills needed for the activities of daily living, including self-care, leisure, independent living and work. Therapists work in hospitals, in schools, in nursing homes and with patients in their own homes. ", "Occupational therapy is a health and rehabilitation profession. Occupational therapists work with people of all ages who need specialized assistance to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives due to physical, developmental, social, or emotional problems. Occupational therapy will continue to be an important part of treatment for people with various illnesses and disabilities, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral palsy, autism, or the loss of a limb. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for occupational therapists is $75,400.", "Definition of Occupational Therapy. Occupational therapy is a client-centred health profession concerned with promoting health and well being through occupation. The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. ", "View the official definition, from the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. Occupational therapy helps to solve the problems that interfere with your ability to do the things that are important to you. It can also prevent a problem or minimize its effects. When an injury, illness, disability or other problem limits your ability to: • Take care of yourself,", "Occupational therapists work in a variety of settings. These could include hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing facilities, home health, outpatient clinics, private practice, school systems, private organizations, industry, and community agencies such as return to work programs, prisons, and community settings. Occupational therapy will continue to be an important part of treatment for people with various illnesses and disabilities, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral palsy, autism, or the loss of a limb. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for occupational therapists is $75,400.", "Occupational therapists also focus much of their work on identifying and eliminating environmental barriers to independence and participation in daily activities. Occupational therapy is a client-centered practice that places emphasis on the progress towards the client's goals. Occupational therapists often work closely with professionals in physical therapy, speech therapy, nursing, social work, and the community." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_therapy", "http://chan.usc.edu/about-us/os-and-ot/what-is-ot", "http://www.otplan.com/articles/occupationaltherapy.aspx", "http://www.aota.org/About-Occupational-Therapy.aspx", "http://www.livescience.com/42923-occupational-therapy.html", "http://www.ithaca.edu/hshp/depts/ot/faqs/whatisot/", "http://www.wfot.org/AboutUs/AboutOccupationalTherapy/DefinitionofOccupationalTherapy.aspx", "http://www.caot.ca/default.asp?pageid=3024", "http://www.ithaca.edu/hshp/depts/ot/faqs/whatisot/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_therapy" ] }

[]

[ "Aidan" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "2. This is one of the interesting boy names meaning fire. Aidan is a name from the Gaelic origin meaning fire. It was originally a pet name of the Irish name Aodh, the old Celtic god of the sun. St. Aidan was the seventh century Irish saint. People loved him for his generosity and kindness.", "From a surname which was derived from an English place name which meant Bryni's town ... [more]. CINAED cináed M, Scottish. Irish means born of fire In ... [gaelic]. MORE conleth M. Irish modern form of the Old irish Name, conlaed conláed possibly meaning chaste Fire from gaelic connla chaste and ... aodh fire", "The most fashionable baby names among these are Samson (#628) , Elian (#697) , Blaze (#775) , Elijah (#11) and Keegan (#238) , and there is also a resurgence in birth name usage for Elijah and Samson. Elion (top 47%) and Ureel (76%) are popular surnames.", "CONLETH m Irish. Modern form of the old Irish name Conlaed, conláed possibly meaning chaste fire From gaelic connla chaste and aodh ... fire", "AIDAN: Anglicized form of Gaelic Áedán, áedán meaning little.. FIRE: Aiden variant spelling Of English, aidan meaning little.. FIRE (aodh pronounced): Ee Modern irish And Scottish gaelic form Of Old Áed, aed áed.. Meaning Fire in, celtic mythology this is the name of a. sun god", "Aidan: This is one of the interesting boy names meaning fire. Aidan is a name from the Gaelic origin meaning fire. It was originally a pet name of the Irish name Aodh, the old Celtic god of the sun. St. Aidan was the seventh century Irish saint. People loved him for his generosity and kindness." ], "url": [ "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/baby-names-inspired-by-fire_00355503/", "http://www.behindthename.com/names/meaning/fire", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/names/1/fire", "http://www.behindthename.com/names/meaning/fire", "http://www.20000-names.com/fire_names_hot_names.htm", "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/baby-names-inspired-by-fire_00355503/" ] }

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[ "It is an equitable remedy resembling a trust (implied trust) imposed by a court to benefit a party that has been wrongfully deprived of its rights due to either a person obtaining or holding legal right to property which they should not possess due to unjust enrichment or interference." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "n. when a person has title to property and/or takes possession of it under circumstances in which he/she is holding it for another, even though there is no formal trust document or agreement, the court may determine that the holder of the title holds it as constructive trustee for the benefit of the intended owner. A constructive trust in favor of the aggrieved party can be imposed on such property, so long as it remains in the hands of the wrongdoer or any person to whom the wrongdoer transfers it who is not a bona fide purchaser.", "In sum, the constructive trust is a remedy that may be applied in a variety of situations where equity demands, despite the feasibility of strictly satisfying its elements, and should be kept in mind as a potential claim to correct a wrong that may not fit squarely within any other cause of action. ", "Constructive Trust. A constructive trust is not an actual trust by the traditional definition. It is a legal fiction that is used as a remedy for unjust enrichment. Hence, there is no trustee, but the constructive trust orders the person who would otherwise be unjustly enriched to transfer the property to the intended party. wex: COMMERCE", "The constructive trust is basically a legal concept that has been created by the courts against someone who – through wrongdoing, fraud, or other unconscionable act, obtains or holds legal rights to property that he or she is not entitled to keep or enjoy. A constructive trust is often used to prevent undue enrichment, and undue enrichment is present in almost all cases where a constructive trust has been imposed. Nonetheless, it is not a requirement that a court of law finds that the person whose property or assets is subjected to a constructive trust has acted wrongly.", "Constructive Trust Law & Legal Definition. A constructive trust is a legal concept created by the courts against one who, by fraud, wrongdoing, or any other unconscionable conduct, either has obtained or holds legal right to property which he ought not to, in good conscience, keep and enjoy. A constructive trust is used to prevent unjust enrichment. ", "Constructive trusts in English law are a form of trust created by the courts primarily where the defendant has dealt with property in an unconscionable manner, but also in other circumstances; the property will be held in constructive trust for the harmed party, obliging the defendant to look after it. Constructive trusts, under Section 53(2) of the Law of Property Act 1925, do not require any particular formalities on creation, unlike express trusts. For them to be valid, however, the defendant (or trustee of the constructive trust) must know that he has dealt with property in an unconscionable manner.", "A constructive trust does not arise because of the expressed intent of a settlor, one who establishes a trust. It is created by a court whenever title to property is held by a person who, in fairness, should not be permitted to retain it. A constructive trust in favor of the aggrieved party can be imposed on such property, so long as it remains in the hands of the wrongdoer or any person to whom the wrongdoer transfers it who is not a bona fide purchaser.", "A constructive trust is an equitable remedy resembling a trust (implied trust) imposed by a court to benefit a party that has been wrongfully deprived of its rights due to either a person obtaining or holding legal right to property which they should not possess due to unjust enrichment or interference. In a constructive trust the defendant breaches a duty owed to the plaintiff. The most common such breach is a breach of fiduciary duty. A controversial example is the case of Attorney-General for Hong Kong v Reid, in which a senior prosecutor took bribes not to prosecute certain offenders.", "In a nutshell, the constructive trust can be thought of as a trust that is created by the court to benefit a party that has been wrongfully deprived of its rights. The following instances may cause a court to order that assets and/or property are placed in a constructive trust : * A mistake, duress, or undue influence. A constructive trust is often used to prevent undue enrichment, and undue enrichment is present in almost all cases where a constructive trust has been imposed. Nonetheless, it is not a requirement that a court of law finds that the person whose property or assets is subjected to a constructive trust has acted wrongly." ], "url": [ "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Constructive+Trust", "http://www.nyestatelitigationblog.com/2011/03/articles/trusts/what-is-a-constructive-trust/", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/constructive_trust", "http://www.estateplanners.com/articles/what-is-a-constructive-trust-2/", "http://definitions.uslegal.com/c/constructive-trust/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_trusts_in_English_law", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Constructive+Trust", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_trust", "http://www.estateplanners.com/articles/what-is-a-constructive-trust-2/" ] }

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[ "Mycelium" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Hyphae from two different fungi of the same species intertwine and then send up a fruiting body or mushroom, again releasing spores, but containing genes from both parents. The fruiting body is actually made up of a collection of the same hyphae that form the mycelium, just more densely-packed. In fact, fungi are more closely related to animals. Fungi are made up in quite a unique way and don't have cells like those of a plant. Instead (with the exception of yeasts), their smallest units are tiny threads known as hyphae.", "Conidia on conidiophores. A hypha (plural hyphae, from Greek ὑφή, huphḗ, “web”) is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not grow as hyphae. 1 Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa). 2 Non-septate hyphae are associated with Mucor, some zygomycetes, and other fungi. 3 Pseudohyphae are distinguished from true hyphae by their method of growth, relative frailty and lack of cytoplasmic connection between the cells.", "Unformed hyphae are called yeast, which are very useful and applicable in many industries and fields. On the other hand, mycelium (plural form mycelia) is the vegetative part of the fungus. In relation to the hyphae, it is the network collection or bundle of hyphae in one single place. Both the mycelium and the hyphae are responsible for a important part of a fungi’s body processes – absorption of nutrients and food from the environment. The hyphae in every mycelium or mycelia produce the enzyme for this purpose. The enzymes break the food or nutrients and other digestible forms.", "Most coenocytic (multinucleated) or multicelluar fungi are composed of multiple filaments, called hyphae, grouped together into a discrete organism called a mycelium. The cell walls of most fungi are of chitin compounds instead of cellulose; a group fungi known as cryptomycota lack chitinous cell walls. (fŭn`jī) , kingdom of heterotrophic single-celled, multinucleated, or multicellular organisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms live as parasites parasite,plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host.", "A collection of hyphae is called mycellium. The mycellium can penetrate water, soil, and living tissue in order to absorb nutrients through the tips of the hyphae that produce digestive enzymes to digest organic material. The soluble products are absorbed into the hyphae. 1 Figure 1. Fungal forms of either singles cells or hyphae (filaments) Kingdom Fungi Molds, Sac Fungi, Mushrooms, and Lichens Essential Question(s): What makes fungi have their own kingdom? Objectives: 1. Student will be able to describe the characteristic features in the kingdom Fungi.", "Mycelia vs Hyphae. The mycelia and the hyphae are both important parts of fungi or more commonly known as the mushroom. The two terms refer to the building blocks of fungi. The hyphae (plural form, singular form is hypha) is the name of the long, individual pieces that comprise a mycelium, overall a fungi. Both the mycelium and the hyphae are responsible for a important part of a fungi’s body processes – absorption of nutrients and food from the environment. The hyphae in every mycelium or mycelia produce the enzyme for this purpose. The enzymes break the food or nutrients and other digestible forms.", "Structure [edit]. A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called septa (singular septum). 1 Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa). 2 Non-septate hyphae are associated with Mucor, some zygomycetes, and other fungi. 3 Pseudohyphae are distinguished from true hyphae by their method of growth, relative frailty and lack of cytoplasmic connection between the cells.", "1.The hyphae and the mycelium are parts of a fungi’s anatomy. The hypha is the building block or basic body plan of a fungus. On the other hand, mycelium refers to the collection of hyphae in a fungus’ body. Both the mycelium and the hyphae are responsible for a important part of a fungi’s body processes – absorption of nutrients and food from the environment. The hyphae in every mycelium or mycelia produce the enzyme for this purpose. The enzymes break the food or nutrients and other digestible forms.", "- Single filament is known as HYPHA (plural, hyphae) - Collection of hyphae growing in one place is known as MYCELIUM-Hyphae absorb nutrients and releases enzymes which break down material into readily absorbed smaller organic compounds. " ], "url": [ "http://treesforlife.org.uk/forest/forest-ecology/fungi-95/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphae", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-between-mycelia-and-hyphae/", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Fungi", "http://www.epcc.edu/Biology/Documents/Fungi/Fungi_Lab.pdf", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-between-mycelia-and-hyphae/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphae", "http://www.differencebetween.net/science/nature/difference-between-mycelia-and-hyphae/", "https://quizlet.com/19854428/micro-ch12-fungi-algae-flash-cards/" ] }

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[ "Strar, the aster flower", "The name's meaning is like a star, the aster flower." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Noun. 1. asterion-the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture. craniometric point-a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken. braincase, brainpan, cranium-the part of the skull that encloses the brain. 1 Facebook.", "Noun. 1. asterion-the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture. craniometric point-a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken. braincase, brainpan, cranium-the part of the skull that encloses the brain. 1 Facebook. asterion-the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture. craniometric point-a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken. braincase, brainpan, cranium-the part of the skull that encloses the brain", "In Greek mythology, Asterion denotes two sacred kings of Crete. The first Asterion or Asterius, the son of Tectamus son of Dorus called by the Greeks king of Crete, was the consort of Europa and stepfather of her sons by Zeus, who had to assume the form of the Cretan bull of the sun to accomplish his role. According to Karl Kerenyi and other scholars, the second Asterion, the star at the center of the labyrinth on Cretan coins, was in fact the Minotaur, as the compiler of Bibliotheca asserts: Pasiphae pasiphaë gave birth To, asterius who was called The. minotaur", "Astera is largely used in the Hebrew and Iranian languages, and its origin is Old Greek. The name's meaning is like a star, the aster flower. It is derived from the element 'astron' meaning star. Asterius (Old Greek) is an old form of Astera. In Greek mythology, Asterius was the name of the Universal Mother or chief deity. Aster is also the name of a star-shaped flower. In addition, Astera is a variant transcription of the name Astra (English). ", "In Greek mythology, Asterion /əˈstɪriən/ (Greek: ἀστερίων, literally starry) or Asterius /əˈstɪriəs/ (ἀστέριος) denotes two sacred kings of Crete, as well as a river and its god in Argos. As long as it is recalled that the myth of Asterion, who appears in no anecdotal Hellenic context, is Minoan, it will be perceived that the figure of Zeus is an interloper, and that rather than the stepfather role to which he has been displaced, Asterion is originally the father of the Underworld progeny.", "The name Asterion seems to have derived from the Latin for edible root, or starry. This gets confusing! This star is named Asterion and has also been named Chara, both titles of the two dogs. The first Asterion or Asterius (ruler of the stars), son of Neleus and Chloris by the Greeks called king of Crete, was the consort of Europa and stepfather of her sons by Zeus, who had to assume the form of the Cretan bull of the sun to accomplish his role.", "MEANING: This name derives from the Ancient Greek “Astēr (ἀστήρ) astērios / astērion (ἀστέριος / ἀστερίων)”, meaning “star, aster”. Asteria was the daughter of the Titans Coeus and Phoebe and sister of Leto. According to Hesiod, by Perses she had a daughter Hecate.", "History Edit. Asterion, alternatively called Asterios, is a name given to two figures in Greek mythology. The first Asterion was a sacred king of Crete whose wife Europa was seduced by Zeus when he took the form of a bull, producing Minos. Persona 4 Arena Edit. Asterius is an extension of Shadow Labrys that takes the form of a large humanoid only partially coming out of the ground, surrounded by flames, with a bull's skull for a head, and several chains restraining it to the ground." ], "url": [ "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Asterius", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Asterios", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/asterion", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Astera", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterion", "http://www.constellationsofwords.com/stars/Asterion.html", "http://www.name-doctor.com/name-asterios-meaning-of-asterios-26207.html", "http://megamitensei.wikia.com/wiki/Asterius" ] }

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[ "The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is an arboreal hylid native to Neotropical rainforests where it ranges from Mexico, through Central America, to Colombia.", "The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is an arboreal hylid native to Neotropical rainforests where it ranges from Mexico, through Central America, to Colombia." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Agalychnis callidryas, the red-eyed tree frog, is a slender, colorful, medium-sized frog. Females measure up to 77 mm, and males to 59 mm (Savage 2002). Agalychnis callidryas is nocturnally active. This frog is arboreal and shelters on the underside of a broad leaf during the day and during the dry season, with limbs folded underneath its body (Leenders 2001). It has also been found in bromeliads, though this appears to be rare (Duellman 2001).", "Physical Description. Agalychnis callidryas are known foremost for their huge, bright red eyes, a possible adaption to nocturnality or the central component of a defensive strategy called startle coloration. Their dorsal area is usually a neon-like shade of green, but can sometimes range from blue to yellow in coloring. ", "The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is an arboreal hylid native to Neotropical rainforests where it ranges from Mexico, through Central America, to Colombia. It is sometimes kept in captivity. The scientific name of red-eyed tree frog, Agalychnis callidryas, comes from Greek words kallos (beautiful) and Dryas (a tree or wood nymph). As its name suggests, the red-eyed tree frog has red eyes with vertically narrowed pupils. It has a vibrant green body with yellow and blue vertically striped sides", "By Laura Klappenbach. The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is a vibrantly colored frog with large red eyes, a green body and light blue sides with yellow strips. Its feet are bright orange and its legs are mostly green. The underside of the red-eyed treefrog is a light-cream color. Young red-eyed tree frogs are brown and gain their distinct coloration as they mature. Adult red-eyed tree frogs can temporarily change their color to a darker green or reddish brown color. The red-eyed tree frog has a delicate build.", "Share. By Laura Klappenbach. The red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) is a vibrantly colored frog with large red eyes, a green body and light blue sides with yellow strips. Its feet are bright orange and its legs are mostly green. The underside of the red-eyed treefrog is a light-cream color. Young red-eyed tree frogs are brown and gain their distinct coloration as they mature. Adult red-eyed tree frogs can temporarily change their color to a darker green or reddish brown color. The red-eyed tree frog has a delicate build.", "Agalychnis callidryas has a rounded head and a truncated snout when viewed from above (Duellman 2001). Eyes are large and directed sideways (Leenders 2001). When this frog closes its eyes, transparent lower eyelids marked with a network of gold are apparent (Leenders 2001). It has distinct tympana (Savage 2002). Agalychnis callidryas is nocturnally active. This frog is arboreal and shelters on the underside of a broad leaf during the day and during the dry season, with limbs folded underneath its body (Leenders 2001). It has also been found in bromeliads, though this appears to be rar", "The Red Eyed tree frog exhibits a brilliant display of colors with it's emerald green head and back, sky blue inner legs, creamy white to yellow and bright blue striped sides, orange toes, and, of course, those piercing red eyes. Their color and size vary depending upon their geographic origination. The Red Eyed tree frog species was named, and quite perfectly so, by Cope in 1862 as Agalychnis callidryas. Agalychnis represents their genus and callidryas is derived from the greek words kallos, meaning beautiful, and dryas meaning tree nymph hence the ever appropriate name: the beautiful tree nymph", "Facts about this animal. It is a medium-sized tree frog, ranging from 5 cm to 7.5 cm. it is arboreal and completely nocturnal. The most apparent physical feature is their red eyes. The dorsal side and legs are usually bright lime green, and the sides of their body are striped in blue and yellow. The musical mating ritual of the red-eyed tree frog is begun by the loud croaking of one male, who is quickly joined by other ones in the area, all sharing the common goal of attracting females. This loud croaking continues as A. callidryas males jump from one leaf to another in a crazed attempt to establish territory." ], "url": [ "http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-scientific_name=callidryas", "http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Agalychnis_callidryas/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agalychnis_callidryas", "http://animals.about.com/od/frogstoads/p/redeyedtreefrog.htm", "http://animals.about.com/od/frogstoads/p/redeyedtreefrog.htm", "http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-scientific_name=callidryas", "http://www.froggie.info/redeyed/", "http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/choose-a-species/amphibians/frogs-and-toads/agalychnis-callidryas" ] }

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[ "The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The method of replication is semi-conservative; this means that in the two daughter helices one strand of each is comprised of parental DNA (from the original helix), and the other is comprised of newly synthesised DNA. Synthesis occurs at the replication fork, our focus in this article. Replication is a complex process, involving many, many different enzymes-such as DNA polymerase-which have frustratingly similar names to enzymes in other processes. ", "The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated. This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in viruses, such as double-stranded RNA viruses. ", "The leading strand is the strand of nascent DNA which is being synthesized in the same direction as the growing replication fork. A polymerase reads the leading strand template and adds complementary nucleotides to the nascent leading strand on a continuous basis. The replication fork is a structure that forms within the nucleus during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together. The resulting structure has two branching prongs, each one made up of a single strand of DNA.", "Making the world better, one answer at a time. A replication fork is the mechanism by which a strand of DNA is synthesized. If you can imagine a strand of DNA unwound, then it would resemble a ladder. Unzip the DNA and it now looks like a fork, ie fork in road, not eating fork. There is a Leading strand, which is synthesised easily. USing DNA polymerase which 'reads' along the strand in the 3' to 5' direction on the strand, producing a replication strand in the 5' to 3' direction. ", "1 One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand. 2 The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), this is the lagging strand. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. 1 The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.", "DNA replication of one helix of DNA results in two identical helices. If the original DNA helix is called the parental DNA, the two resulting helices can be called daughter helices. Each of these two daughter helices is a nearly exact copy of the parental helix (it is not 100% the same due to mutations). The first step in DNA replication is the separation of the two DNA strands that make up the helix that is to be copied. DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called replication origins.", "1 The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. 2 The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA. 3 One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand. DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. 1 The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.", "DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. The replication fork is a structure that forms within the nucleus during DNA replication. It is created by helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together. The resulting structure has two branching prongs, each one made up of a single strand of DNA.", "Replication Fork. During DNA replication a DNA double helix must unwind and separate so that DNA polymerase enzymes can use each single strand as a template for the synthesis of a new double strand. Strand separation is catalyzed by a Helicase enzyme. This is called the leading strand. Replication on the other strand occurs by the creation of many short segments. This is the lagging strand. On both the leading and lagging strands, DNA replication starts with primase adding a short (3 to 10 base) RNA primer to the template strand.", "Replication Forks and Origins of Replication. The first step in DNA replication is the separation of the two DNA strands that make up the helix that is to be copied. DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called replication origins. The replication origin forms a Y shape, and is called a replication fork" ], "url": [ "http://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/31/171/974", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_replication", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_fork", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_replication_fork", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna-replication", "http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnareplicationandrepair/section1.rhtml", "http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-dna-replication", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_fork", "http://scienceprimer.com/replication-fork", "http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnareplicationandrepair/section1.rhtml" ] }

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[ "Ripe fruit, leaves and a small amount of insects." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Diet in the Wild: Gibbons are fruit-pulp specialists. White-cheeked gibbons eat mostly ripe fruits, leaves, and a small amount of invertebrates. They move and feed mainly in the upper and middle levels of the canopy and rarely come down to the ground. Families often feed together in the tree", "White-handed gibbons are diurnal and usually take a rest break during the hottest part of the day. White-handed gibbons eat fruits, leaves and some insects. They will also eat birds and can catch them out of the air while swinging. Gibbons are forest dwellers, usually found in the canopy. They are found in semideciduous monsoon forests and tropical evergreen forests. ", "Diet: In the wild, gibbons can eat ripe fruit, leaves and a small amount of insects. Eating fruit occupies the brunt of their time feeding, next being time spend eating young leaves. Gibbons will spend nearly all their eating time up in the tree-rarely do they need to come down to the ground. ", "Gibbons are omnivorous animals meaning that they eat a mixture of both plant and animal matter. The main food of the gibbon is ripe fruit which grow around them in the trees, and makes up around three quarters of the gibbon's diet. The gibbon is a small sized ape, found inhabiting the dense jungles and tropical rainforests across south-east Asia. Gibbons belong to the lesser ape family which are closely related to the great apes (chimpanzees, orang-utans, bonobos, gorillas and humans).", "Located Gibbons are found in the rainforests of southeastern Asia. Diet The gibbon's favorite food are fruits, but they also eat leaves, tree bark, flowers, and plant shoots. They also occasionally eat bird eggs and even small birds, insects, tree frogs and other small animals. Habitat Gibbons spend almost all of their time in the treetops of the rainforest. ", "Gibbons are omnivorous, so they eat both plants and animals. Their diet is roughly 50-75% fruit, of which their favorite is figs. They also eat: leaves, flowers, seeds, insect … s, and bird eggs. 1 person found this useful. Confidence votes 14. Gibbon's eat fruits and plants mainly but they also eat insects, spiders, bird eggs, and small birds.", "Gibbons are omnivorous, so they eat both plants and animals. Their diet is roughly 50-75% fruit, of which their favorite is figs. They also eat: leaves, flowers, seeds, insect … s, and bird eggs. ", "In the wild, lar gibbons will eat a large variety of foods, including figs and other small, sweet fruits, liana fruit, tree fruit and berries, as well as young leaves, buds and flowers, new shoots, vines, vine shoots, and insects, including mantids and wasps, and even birds’ eggs. " ], "url": [ "http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/Primates/Facts/fact-white-cheeked-gibbon.cfm", "http://www.thebigzoo.com/Animals/White-handed_Gibbon.asp", "http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/animals/mammals/gibbon.htm", "http://a-z-animals.com/animals/gibbon/", "http://www.rainforestanimals.net/rainforestanimal/gibbon.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_gibbon_monkeys_eat", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_do_gibbons_eat", "http://zoologicalwildlifefoundation.com/wildlife-tours/animals/lar-gibbon/" ] }

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[ "It is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs including the uterus (womb), Fallopian tubes (tubes), ovaries, and cervix.", "Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs including the uterus (womb), Fallopian tubes (tubes), ovaries, and cervix." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "PID occurs when the disease-causing organisms travel from the cervix to the upper genital tract. Untreated gonorrhea and chlamydia cause about 90% of all cases of PID. Other causes include abortion, childbirth, and pelvic procedures. The symptoms of PID can vary, but may include the following: 1 Dull pain or tenderness in the stomach or lower abdominal area, or pain in the right upper abdomen. 2 Abnormal vaginal discharge that is yellow or green in color or that has an unusual odor.", "Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs. The pelvic organs include the uterus (womb), fallopian (fuh-LOH-pee-uhn) tubes (tubes), ovaries, and cervix. 1 Pelvic inflammatory disease is treated with antibiotics. 2 Complications of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease can include scarring of the pelvic organs and infertility.", "1 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs including the uterus (womb), Fallopian tubes (tubes), ovaries, and cervix. 2 Pelvic inflammatory disease develops as the result of spread of a sexually transmitted disease. 1 Pelvic inflammatory disease is treated with antibiotics. 2 Complications of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease can include scarring of the pelvic organs and infertility.", "As a PID controller relies only on the measured process variable, not on knowledge of the underlying process, it is a broadly useful controller. By tuning the three parameters of the model, one can design a PID controller for specific process requirements. If the PID controller parameters (the gains of the proportional, integral and derivative terms) are chosen incorrectly, the controlled process input can be unstable, i.e., its output diverges, with or without oscillation, and is limited only by saturation or mechanical breakage.", "Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of a woman’s reproductive organs. It is a complication often caused by some STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea. Other infections that are not sexually transmitted can also cause PID. Untreated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), a serious condition, in women. Basic Fact Sheet | Detailed Version. Basic fact sheets are presented in plain language for individuals with general questions about sexually transmitted diseases.", "You may have heard of pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, but many people are not sure what it is. PID is a serious infection that harms a woman's reproductive organs. It develops when an infection spreads up from the vagina and cervix into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. The more times a woman has PID, the greater are her chances of becoming infertile. Pelvic inflammatory disease is often difficult to identify because the symptoms seem like those of other conditions, such as appendicitis, urinary tract infections, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis.", "A proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller) is a control loop feedback mechanism (controller) commonly used in industrial control systems. A PID controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint. If the PID controller parameters (the gains of the proportional, integral and derivative terms) are chosen incorrectly, the controlled process input can be unstable, i.e., its output diverges, with or without oscillation, and is limited only by saturation or mechanical breakage.", "Complications. PID may result in adhesions or scarring of the fallopian tubes and pelvis, and is a common cause of pelvic pain and ectopic pregnancy. About a third of all women who are infertile have lost the ability to conceive because of PID. Occasionally, PID causes intraperitoneal abscesses. Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy. PID usually is caused by an ascending infection in which disease-producing germs spread from the vagina and cervix to the upper portions of the female reproductive tract. chlamydia; gonorrhea;", "Short for process identifier, a PID is a unique number that identifies each of the running processes in an operating system such as Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. In the below output, is an example of a few of the processes running in Windows and their associated PID's listed in the PID column. PID. 1. Short for product identification or product id, PID is a unique number that helps identify a hardware product or a registered software product. For example, in the case of a computer mouse, its PID is often found on the bottom of the mouse or in the case of a wireless mouse inside the battery compartment.", "Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's pelvic organs. The pelvic organs include the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (fuh-LOH-pee-uhn toobs), ovaries, and cervix. Without treatment, PID can lead to severe problems like infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Any damage done to your pelvic organs before you start treatment likely cannot be undone. Still, don't put off getting treatment. If you do, you may not be able to have children." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.com/women/guide/sexual-health-your-guide-to-pelvic-inflammatory-disease", "http://www.medicinenet.com/pelvic_inflammatory_disease/article.htm", "http://www.medicinenet.com/pelvic_inflammatory_disease/article.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller", "http://www.cdc.gov/std/PID/STDFact-PID.htm", "https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/pelvic-inflammatory-disease-pid", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/PID", "http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/pid.htm", "http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/pelvic-inflammatory-disease.html" ] }

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[ "A silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Tin: the essentials. Ordinary tin is a silvery-white metal, is malleable, somewhat ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure. Due to the breaking of these crystals, a tin cry is heard when a bar is bent. The element has two allotropic forms. On warming, grey, or α-tin, with a cubic structure, changes at 13.2°C into white, or β-tin, the ordinary form of the metal. White tin has a tetragonal structure. When tin is cooled below 13.2°C, it changes slowly from white to grey.", "Ordinary tin is a silvery-white metal, is malleable, somewhat ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure. Due to the breaking of these crystals, a tin cry is heard when a bar is bent. On warming, grey, or α-tin, with a cubic structure, changes at 13.2°C into white, or β-tin, the ordinary form of the metal. White tin has a tetragonal structure. When tin is cooled below 13.2°C, it changes slowly from white to grey.", "1. Abbreviation for student nurse. The definition information for SN is provided by Stedman's. You can search our medical dictionary here. Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, provides a comprehensive line of health-science publications for healthcare professionals and medical students. ", "Sn-a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide. atomic number 50, tin. tin foil, tinfoil-foil made of tin or an alloy of tin and lead. ", ".sn is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Senegal. The following 2nd level domains are available for third-level domain name registration: ", "tin, Sn, atomic number 50 (noun). a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide. see more on Definitions.net »", "Tin resists corrosion from water, but can be attacked by acids and alkalis. Tin can be highly polished and is used as a protective coat for other metals. In this case a protective oxide layer prevents further oxidation. Cassiterite (SnO 2), the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. Other forms of tin ores are less abundant sulfides such as stannite that require a more involved smelting process.", "Tin is never found as the free element. most important tin ore is cassiterite (tin oxide, SnO 2). Most of the world's supply comes from Malaya, Bolivia, Indonesia, Zaire, Thailand, and Nigeria. Cornwall in England was famous for its tin mines. On warming, grey, or α-tin, with a cubic structure, changes at 13.2°C into white, or β-tin, the ordinary form of the metal. White tin has a tetragonal structure. When tin is cooled below 13.2°C, it changes slowly from white to grey.", "Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Cassiterite (SnO 2), the tin oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin in ancient times. Other forms of tin ores are less abundant sulfides such as stannite that require a more involved smelting process.", "The Strong Name tool (Sn.exe) helps sign assemblies with strong names. Sn.exe provides options for key management, signature generation, and signature verification. For more information on strong naming and strong-named assemblies, see Strong-Named Assemblies and How to: Sign an Assembly with a Strong Name. Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the common language runtime stores public key tokens in the manifest as part of a reference to another assembly when it records a dependency to an assembly that has a strong name." ], "url": [ "http://www.webelements.com/tin/", "http://www.webelements.com/tin/", "http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=82581", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Sn", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sn", "http://www.abbreviations.com/SN", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin", "http://www.webelements.com/tin/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin", "https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/k5b5tt23(v=vs.110).aspx" ] }

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[ "It is most common in the arteries of the brain and in the abdominal aorta." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "All About Aneurysms. An aneurysm—a balloon-like bulge in an artery—can develop and grow for years without causing any symptoms. But an aneurysm is a silent threat to your health. If an aneurysm grows too large, it can burst open, or rupture, and lead to dangerous bleeding inside the body. Aneurysms can also cause a split within the layers of an artery wall. This split, called a dissection, can lead to bleeding within the artery’s layers. ", "Weak, Bulging Artery Wall. An aneurysm is an abnormal bulging out or ballooning of a portion of the artery, usually due to weakness of the arterial wall. The aneurysm may enlarge and rupture, often with disastrous consequences. When an arterial wall is damaged or injured due to any cause, the force exerted by the blood within the artery can easily push out the weakened wall and form an aneurysm. This may occur due to 1 : Old age. 2 Hypertension – high blood pressure. 3 Atherosclerosis – hardening and narrowing of the arteri", "This condition affects over 200,000 Americans and is referred to as an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA). An aneurysm is a bulging of an artery caused by uncontrolled hypertension or injury or weakness to the artery itself. The pressure from blood flow against the arterial wall causes the aneurysm to slowly grow in size, giving it its bulging characteristic. Typically, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup within the arterial wall) is present.", "In this article. An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery. Normally, the walls of arteries are thick and muscular, allowing them to withstand a large amount of pressure. Occasionally, however, a weak area develops in the wall of an artery. This allows the pressure within the artery to push outwards, creating a bulge or ballooned area called an aneurysm.. Aneurysms can form in any blood vessel, but they occur most commonly in the aorta (aortic aneurysm). The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body.", "Aneurysms can occur in any blood vessel in the body, but the most common type arises in the largest artery in the bodya€”bodyâ the. Aorta an aneurysm is a bulging of an artery caused by uncontrolled hypertension or injury or weakness to the artery. itself The pressure from blood flow against the arterial wall causes the aneurysm to slowly grow in size, giving it its bulging characteristic. Typically, atherosclerosis (plaque buildup within the arterial wall) is present.", "All rights reserved. The carotid arteries are major blood vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face. There are two carotid arteries, one on the right and one on the left. In the neck, each carotid artery branches into two divisions: 1 The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain. ", "Overview. An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge or weakening of an artery wall. As an aneurysm enlarges it puts pressure on surrounding structures, causing headache or vision problems, and may eventually rupture. An aneurysm is a balloon-like bulge or weakening of an arterial wall. As the bulge grows it becomes thinner and weaker. It can become so thin that the blood pressure within it can cause it to burst or leak. Most aneurysms develop from a weakness or abnormal", "Bulging can occur in any artery in the body. It is most common in the arteries of the brain and in the abdominal aorta. 1 In the aorta, bulging can occur anywhere along the entire vessel. 2 It is most common in the abdominal aorta, where it is known as abdominal aortic aneurysm (triple AAA). The aorta is an artery, meaning it carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart. It is the main artery coming from the heart. 1 It extends from the left chamber (ventricle) of the heart and goes through the chest, down through the belly, or midsection of the body (abdomen), and into the pelvis (groin).", "The aorta is the main artery which arises from the heart and passes through the thorax (chest) and abdomen to carry oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. 1 Abdominal aortic aneurysm is an aneurysm occurring in the abdominal portion of the aorta. When an arterial wall is damaged or injured due to any cause, the force exerted by the blood within the artery can easily push out the weakened wall and form an aneurysm. This may occur due to 1 : Old age. 2 Hypertension – high blood pressure. 3 Atherosclerosis – hardening and narrowing of the arteries" ], "url": [ "http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2010/March/feature2.htm", "http://www.healthitalk.com/what-is-an-aneurysm-weak-bulging-artery-wall/", "http://www.heartwi.com/blog/tag/bulging-artery", "http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-aortic-aneurysm", "http://www.heartwi.com/blog/tag/bulging-artery", "http://www.webmd.com/heart/picture-of-the-carotid-artery", "http://www.mayfieldclinic.com/PE-AneurUn.htm", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/aortic_aneurysm/article_em.htm", "http://www.healthitalk.com/what-is-an-aneurysm-weak-bulging-artery-wall/" ] }

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[ "$43,784" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(United States). The average Interpreter in the United States can expect to rake in roughly $20.04 per hour. The income range spans the entire spectrum between $11.15 per hour and $40.03. Residence is the biggest factor affecting pay for this group, followed by experience level. ", "1 The BLS reports that in May 2008, the average salary for translators and interpreters was about $38,000 (yikes), with the highest 10 percent earning over $69,000 and the average federal government language specialist earning an average of $79,000. I translate from Russian, and the average translator’s salary in Russia is $10-20K a year. (Average national salary is something like $7K per year, so the translators are doing well. No, I am not kidding you – 7000 USD per annum).", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Translator in the United States is $43,784 so 50% of the people who perform the job of Translator in the United States are expected to make less than $43,784. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. Median $43,784. ", "Salary Outlook. According to the BLS, interpreters and translators earned a median annual salary of $42,420 in 2013. The best-paid earned more than $77,140, while the lowest-paid earned less than $22,180. However, the average salary of interpreters and translators is higher than that of exterminators ($32,480) and garbage collectors ($35,280).", "(Canada). A Translator earns an average salary of C$49,351 per year. Pay for this job rises steadily for more experienced workers, but goes down noticeably for employees with more than 20 years' experience. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this field. C$31,606 - C$70,021.", "According to the BLS, interpreters and translators earned a median annual salary of $42,420 in 2013. However, the average salary of interpreters and translators is higher than that of exterminators ($32,480) and garbage collectors ($35,280).", "Virginia paid its translators and interpreters the most, with an annual average salary of $89,890. Other top-paying states were Maine, $63,890, New Jersey, $62,050, North Carolina, $61,890, and Colorado, at an average of $59,370. Related Reading: Salary of Hotel Management Jobs. According to information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, all interpreters and translators earned an average yearly salary of $50,610 in May 2011, or an hourly wage of $24.33.", "$53,410. With an average salary of $47,920 per year, interpreters and translators earn less money than similar professions, such as clinical social workers ($52,520), middle school teachers ($56,630) and school psychologists ($72,710). However, the average salary of interpreters and translators is higher than that of exterminators ($32,480) and garbage collectors ($35,280)." ], "url": [ "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Interpreter_or_Translator/Hourly_Rate", "http://www.thoughtsontranslation.com/2011/03/07/how-much-do-freelance-translators-earn-is-it-enough/", "http://www1.salary.com/Translator-salary.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/interpreter-and-translator/salary", "http://www.payscale.com/research/CA/Job=Translator/Salary", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/interpreter-and-translator/salary", "http://work.chron.com/salary-translation-jobs-7634.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/interpreter-and-translator/salary" ] }

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[ "Feminine of Claude", "It is of French and Latin origin, and the meaning of Claudette is lame. Claudette /clau-det-te/ as a girls' name is pronounced klaw-DET." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "[ 2 syll. clau-det-te, cl-aude-tte ] The baby girl name Claudette is pronounced as KLowD EH T †. Claudette is primarily used in the English and French languages. Its language of origin is Latin. Claudette is a diminutive of the English and French name Claude as well as a form of Claudia. Claudette is rare as a baby girl name. At the modest peak of its usage in 1936, 0.065% of baby girls were given the name Claudette. It had a ranking of #233 then", "Claudette /clau-det-te/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced klaw-DET. It is of French and Latin origin, and the meaning of Claudette is lame. Feminine diminutive of Claude. Made popular in the 1930s by French film celebrity Claudette Colbert. Related girl name: Claudia. Claudette is a very prominent first name for women (#656 out of 4276, Top 15%) but an unusual last name for all people. (2000 U.S. Census). Displayed below is the birth name popularity of Claudette for girls.", "Origin of the name Claudette: Diminutive form of Claudia, which is derived from the Latin Claudius, an old Roman family name, which is from claudus (lame). From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman.", "Comments and insights on the name Claudette: | Edit. Old traditional name that is very feminine and not overused, never been made fun of the name, but difficult to shorten to something nice, not a fan of Clo or Claude. I think it's a very pretty name and there is no need to shorten it. Diminutive form of Claudia, which is derived from the Latin Claudius, an old Roman family name, which is from claudus (lame). From A World of Baby Names by Teresa Norman.", "Claudette is generally used as a girl's name. It consists of 9 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Clau-dette. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 8523 in baby name popularity for girls with 13 occurrences. View the Claudette Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Claudette has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Claudette to other names.", "Less than 5 boys were given the name. View the Claudette Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Claudette has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Claudette to other names.", "In English the meaning of the name Claudette is: Feminine of Claude. German Meaning: The name Claudette is a German baby name. In German the meaning of the name Claudette is: Feminine of Claude. American Meaning: The name Claudette is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Claudette is: Feminine of Claude.", "The name Claudette is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Claudette is: A feminine form of Claud, aLatin Claudium meaning lame. Famous bearer: French-born American actress Claudette Colbert. In German the meaning of the name Claudette is: Feminine of Claude. American Meaning: The name Claudette is an American baby name. In Americ", "Etymology & Historical Origin-Claudette. Claudette is the French female form of Claudius which finds its roots in a prominent ancient Roman family name from the Latin nickname “claudus” meaning “lame, crippled”. Italian and Latinate names have replaced French names in terms of popularity today, but names like Claudette, Colette, Suzette and Yvette are sure to return triumphantly one day. We just know it. Popularity of the Girl Name Claudette. You need Adobe Flash Player 6 (or above) to view the charts." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Claudette", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Claudette", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/claudette", "http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/claudette", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Claudette.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Claudette.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/claudette", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/claudette", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/claudette/5227" ] }

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[ "A BMX bike is an off-road sport bicycle used for racing and stunt riding." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A BMX jump bike falls in the middle of the true BMX bike and freestyle bike in terms of weight, and the design focuses around riding on dirt tracks and jumping. The jump bike features a strong frame and sturdy rigs to handle the rough riding and crashes that occur from frequent jumping. How to Buy a BMX Bike on eBay. When shopping for a BMX bike, eBay is a great place to start. To begin, locate the search bar found at the top of any eBay page. From here, type in your desired keywords to view all the products available from the site at any given time.", "Write a guide. Short for bicycle motocross, BMX is a type of bike designed for dirt, street, flatland, and park rides. This is a more casual form of cycling, which riders enjoy for both pleasure and sport. BMX riding stems from Southern California in the early 1970s, and continues to grow in popularity ever since. In fact, BMX Freestyle is one of the biggest events of the Summer X Games. How to Buy a BMX Bike on eBay. When shopping for a BMX bike, eBay is a great place to start. To begin, locate the search bar found at the top of any eBay page. From here, type in your desired keywords to view all the products available from the site at any given time.", "What to Watch for in BMX Bikes. 1 When choosing a BMX bike, avoid selecting a bike that doesn't suit your style and level of riding. 2 Use the 'bike type' filter to only display BMX bikes that are specifically designed for the type of riding you'll be doing, whether that be race, dirt jump, freestyle, or trial. 1 Use the 'bike type' filter to only display BMX bikes that are specifically designed for the type of riding you'll be doing, whether that be race, dirt jump, freestyle, or trial. 2 Avoid spending money on a fashionable bike with mediocre components.", "1 When choosing a BMX bike, avoid selecting a bike that doesn't suit your style and level of riding. 2 Use the 'bike type' filter to only display BMX bikes that are specifically designed for the type of riding you'll be doing, whether that be race, dirt jump, freestyle, or trial. 1 Use the 'bike type' filter to only display BMX bikes that are specifically designed for the type of riding you'll be doing, whether that be race, dirt jump, freestyle, or trial. 2 Avoid spending money on a fashionable bike with mediocre components.", "First round of the 2005 European BMX Championships held in Sainte Maxime, France on 23 April 2005. BMX, an abbreviation for bicycle motocross, is a cycle sport performed on BMX bikes, either in competitive BMX racing or freestyle BMX, or else in general on-or off-road recreation. BMX began in the early 1970s when children began racing their bicycles on dirt tracks in southern California, inspired by the motocross stars of the time.", "A BMX bike is an off-road sport bicycle used for racing and stunt riding. BMX bicycles are available in these models types: 1 Park-park style BMX bikes (also called vert) often remove unnecessary weight by reducing the structural excess on particular areas of the bike, due to the smooth transitions that make up park riding. 2 Also, brakes are as frequent as infrequent on park style BMX bikes.", "1 Also, the street BMX is commonly heavier and stronger than the traditional dirt or park style BMX bikes due to the extra strain encountered with the hard, flat surfaces of street riding. 2 Street riders commonly have no brakes to enable the rider to spin the bars without the brake cable getting in the way. BMX bicycles are available in these models types: 1 Park-park style BMX bikes (also called vert) often remove unnecessary weight by reducing the structural excess on particular areas of the bike, due to the smooth transitions that make up park riding. 2 Also, brakes are as frequent as infrequent on park style BMX bikes.", "Freestyle rider performing a jump based stunt. On most freestyle, street, and park BMX bikes, the wheels have 36 spokes. Race bike wheels also usually have 36 spokes, but wheels for the smallest racers, sometimes as young as three years old, can be built with 18 or 28 spokes. BMX bicycles are available in these models types: 1 Park-park style BMX bikes (also called vert) often remove unnecessary weight by reducing the structural excess on particular areas of the bike, due to the smooth transitions that make up park riding. 2 Also, brakes are as frequent as infrequent on park style BMX bikes.", "Freestyle BMX bikes have come a long way since the days of bodged race machines. The frames are typically made of steel. Heavier, cheaper, high tensile steel is typically used in entry-level models, while pricier numbers get 4130 chromoly tubing and some mid-range bikes offer a mix of the two. Before you buy your BMX, think about the type of riding you want to do – then figure out what weight of bike you need, and whether you need things like stunt pegs. (Stephen Pond/EMPICS Sport). BMX bikes built for racing will be much lighter than freestyle bikes, allowing riders to speed and pop along the track.", "BMX Bikes. From old school to new school, the BMX obsession rages on worldwide. These days, with very specific requirements for Race BMX, Freestyle BMX, and Dirt BMX, Performance Bicycle is here to help connect you with the right BMX bike-match whether you be racer, street rat, or big air master. " ], "url": [ "http://www.ebay.com/gds/What-Is-a-BMX-Bike-/10000000178626961/g.html", "http://www.ebay.com/gds/What-Is-a-BMX-Bike-/10000000178626961/g.html", "http://bmx-bikes.gearsuite.com/", "http://bmx-bikes.gearsuite.com/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMX", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMX_bike", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMX_bike", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMX_bike", "http://www.bikeradar.com/beginners/gear/article/what-is-bmx-35174/", "http://www.performancebike.com/bikes/SubCategory_10052_10551_400305_-1_400001_400001" ] }

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[ "A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Report Abuse. In quantum physics, the photon (from Greek φως, phōs, meaning light) is the quantum of the electromagnetic field(light). That is to say, an electromagnetic field is made up of many photons. The term photon was coined by Gilbert Lewis in 1926. The photon is one of the elementary particles. In quantum physics, the photon is the quantum of the electromagnetic field(light). That is to say, an electromagnetic field is made up of many photons. Source(s): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon. Gurpreet · 10 years ago.", "According to the photon theory of light, photons. . . As mentioned above, light has properties of both a wave and a particle. This was an astounding discovery and is certainly outside the realm of how we normally perceive things. Billiard balls act as particles, while oceans act as waves. Photons are spin-1 particles (making them bosons), with a spin axis that is parallel to the direction of travel (either forward or backward, depending on whether it's a left-hand or right-hand photon). This feature is what allows for polarization of light.", "A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force, even when static via virtual photons. A photon is massless, has no electric charge, and is stable. A photon has two possible polarization states. In the momentum representation, which is preferred in quantum field theory, a photon is described by its wave vector, which determines its wavelength λ and its direction of propagation.", "Particle-like behavior is not restricted to the visible-light portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, however. Radio waves, infrared rays, visible light,ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma rays all consist of photons, each of which contains a particular amount of energy that depends on the wavelength. e = hc / s. where h is Planck's constant (approximately equal to6.626 times 10 -34 joule-second) and c is the speed of electromagnetic-field propagation in the medium in question (approximately 2.998 times 10 8 meters per second in a vacuum).", "A photon is the quantum of electromagnetic radiation that describes the particle properties of an electromagnetic wave. The energy of a photon is given by the equation E = hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency. Planck's constant = 6.63 * 10^-34 joule-second (J-s). The total energy in an electromagnetic wave is the sum of the energies of each photon in the wave. The energy of a photon is so small that we usually measure it in electronvolts (eV). One eV is the potential energy of each electron in a 1-volt battery.", "Definition of a Photon. A photon is the quantum of electromagnetic radiation. The term quantum is the smallest elemental unit of a quantity, or the smallest discrete amount of something. Thus, one quantum of electromagnetic energy is called a photon. Planck's constant = 6.63 * 10^-34 joule-second (J-s). The total energy in an electromagnetic wave is the sum of the energies of each photon in the wave. The energy of a photon is so small that we usually measure it in electronvolts (eV). One eV is the potential energy of each electron in a 1-volt battery.", "n. The elementary particle of light and other electromagnetic radiation; the quantum of electromagnetic energy. The photon is the massless, neutral vector boson that mediates electromagnetic interactions. pho·ton′ic adj. photon. n. 1. (Atomic Physics) a quantum of electromagnetic radiation, regarded as a particle with zero rest mass and charge, unit spin, and energy equal to the product of the frequency of the radiation and the Planck constant.", "To put it simply photons are the fundamental particle of light. They have a unique property in that they are both a particle and a wave. This is what allows photons unique properties like refraction and diffusion. ", "Basic Properties of Photons. 1 move at a constant velocity, c = 2.9979 x 10 8 m/s (i.e. the speed of light), in free space. 2 have zero mass and rest energy. 3 carry energy and momentum, which are also related to the frequency nu and wavelength lamdba of the electromagnetic wave by E = h nu and p = h / lambda. Photons are spin-1 particles (making them bosons), with a spin axis that is parallel to the direction of travel (either forward or backward, depending on whether it's a left-hand or right-hand photon). This feature is what allows for polarization of light.", "The energy of a photon of frequency is given by. where h is Planck's constant. Because the energy of photons is directly proportional to their frequency, low-energy photons have low frequencies, while high-energy photons have high frequencies. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006042503680", "http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/f/photon.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon", "http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/photon", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-photon-definition-energy-wavelength.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-photon-definition-energy-wavelength.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/photon", "http://www.universetoday.com/74027/what-are-photons/", "http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/f/photon.htm", "http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Photon.html" ] }

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[ "$45 million" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "One of the most successful people on television Pat Sajak net worth has been estimated to have 45 million dollars. In addition to that, Pat Sajak has been announced to receive an annual salary of 8 million dollars, which makes him one of the best paid celebrities on television.", "$12 Million Per Year. Pat Sajak Salary: Pat Sajak earns an annual salary of $12 million as host of Wheel of Fortune. Pat Sajak net worth and salary: Pat Sajak is a former weatherman, television personality, actor and game show host who has a net worth of $45 million. Pay Sajak was born Patrick Leonard Sajdak October 26, 1946 in Chicago, Illinois.", "Net Worth $45 Million. Pat Sajak is a former weatherman, television personality, actor and game show host who has a net worth of $45 million. Pay Sajak was born Patrick Leonard Sajdak October 26, 1946 in Chicago, Illinois. Sajak is most famous for being the long term host of the game show Wheel of Fortune." ], "url": [ "http://thenetworth.net/pat-sajak-net-worth/", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-celebrities/pat-sajak-net-worth/", "http://forbesnetworth.com/2014/01/16/pat-sajak-net-worth/" ] }

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[ "In order to protect the various dynasties from raids by Mongol, Turkic, and other nomadic tribes coming from areas in modern-day Mongolia and Manchuria.", "Because to prevent the Mongols from entering and invading China." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Although a useful deterrent against raids, at several points throughout its history the Great Wall failed to stop enemies, including in 1644 when the Manchu Qing marched through the gates of Shanhai Pass and replaced the most ardent of the wall-building dynasties, the Ming, as rulers of China. ", "Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BCE; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 BCE by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood. During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime, and stone.", "It's well known that Emperor Qin built the Great Wall. But the history of the Great Wall is not that simple. Emperor Qin was not the first to build the Great Wall... or the last. There are many sections in different places, built with different materials, and built in different dynasties. The emperors of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) didn't build the Great Wall and even forbade it: they were Manchurians, who the Great Wall was built to keep out.", "The Xiongnu tribe was China's main enemy at that time. The Chinese built the Great Wall to prevent them from entering and conquering China. Originally made up of shorter walls between factions, the wall was fortified and lengthened under the emperor Qin Shi Huang beginning in 221 BC. The Great Wall of China was built from the 3rd century B.C.E to the 17th century AD, in order to prevent the Mongols from entering and invading China. *Please see the relate … d questions and link below for more information.", "The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east, to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood. During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime, and stone.", "Great Wall was constructed with the view that it will keep out Mongol invaders who frequently attacked from Northern side. The Great Wall is not a single structure. Different sections were constructed under different emperors and dynasties. The first section was constructed under Qin Dynasty. Today, many famous Great Wall sections and ruins that belong to different dynasties are still remained in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, and Hunan etc.", "The great wall consists of different sections and has an amazing length, but why was it built, what was the purpose of the great wall. Related article: the construction of the Great wall of China. Because the walls were built of mud, gravel, and wood, repairs were often necessary. The wall that is seen today was mainly built by the Ming Dynasty in the 1400's B.C. Most of the artisans from this later time used stronger elements in the construction such as bricks and stone.", "The Great Wall of China is a Chinese fortification built from 3rd century BC until the beginning of the 17th century, in order to protect the various dynasties from raids by Mongol, Turkic, and other nomadic tribes coming from areas in modern-day Mongolia and Manchuria. The Great Wall of China was built from the 3rd century B.C.E to the 17th century AD, in order to prevent the Mongols from entering and invading China. *Please see the relate … d questions and link below for more information.", "He destroyed walls between states and ordered the main wall along the northern border of the territory to be extended. Later dynasties repaired and rebuilt the Great Wall of China along the northern border to continue to deter those northern tribes from raiding. Because the walls were built of mud, gravel, and wood, repairs were often necessary. The wall that is seen today was mainly built by the Ming Dynasty in the 1400's B.C. Most of the artisans from this later time used stronger elements in the construction such as bricks and stone. Better materials made for a much more permanent structure" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China", "http://www.chinahighlights.com/greatwall/fact/who-built.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Great_Wall_of_China_built", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090608111152AAoh7H3", "http://www.great-wallofchina.com/why-was-the-great-wall-of-china-built.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_was_the_Great_Wall_of_China_built", "http://www.great-wallofchina.com/why-was-the-great-wall-of-china-built.html" ] }

[]

[ "Yes" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview. Castor bean plants are prized for their aesthetic value in the home garden, but they come with a hefty warning. Castor beans are highly toxic--they contain the deadly poison ricin--and can kill if ingested and will cause irritation when touched. The castor bean plant (Ricinus communis) is a perennial shrub with multi-lobed, toothed leaves and tiny green, clustered, inconspicuous flowers. ", "Deadly Caster Bean. The caster bean plant, Ricinus communis, is a native of tropical Africa and is grown in many gardens in North America for its fabulous large leaves. Here in zone 5 it is an annual that can grow to 5 feet in one season. The caster bean plant itself is not poisonous to humans, but the seeds are. The seeds contain a protein called ricin and there is no question that ricin is very poisonous to humans, animals and even insects. The caster bean holds the Guinness Book of World Records title for the world’s most poisonous plant, due to Rici", "Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus, Ricinus, and subtribe, Ricininae. The evolution of castor and its relation to other species are currently being studied using modern genetic tools. Castor seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses. The seeds contain between 40% and 60% oil that is rich in triglycerides, mainly ricinolein. The seed also contains ricin, a water-soluble toxin, which is also present in lower concentrations throughout the plant.", "The castor bean plant, ricinus commanis, is an ornamental plant whose leaves range from auburn to green and whose flowers are infused with colors from red to pink. Inside the spiny fruit of the castor bean plant are mottled seeds containing ricin, poisonous when ingested. ", "The toxicity of raw castor beans is due to the presence of ricin. Although the lethal dose in adults is considered to be four to eight seeds, reports of actual poisoning are relatively rare. According to the 2007 edition of Guinness World Records, this plant is the most poisonous in the world. Castor seed is the source of castor oil, which has a wide variety of uses. The seeds contain between 40% and 60% oil that is rich in triglycerides, mainly ricinolein. The seed also contains ricin, a water-soluble toxin, which is also present in lower concentrations throughout the plant.", "Another plant with a bad reputation is the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis. This plant has had economic importance pretty much since the dawn of civilized time, yet because it can be used to prepare a toxin (ricin), there are people who think it should be made illegal (and in some places it is). ", "Toxic principle. The principle toxin of castor bean is ricin which is a lectin, also termed a toxalbumin. Ricin may comprise up to 3% of the seed weight. Toxalbumins are very toxic plant-derived compounds that combine carbohydrate and protein moieties or components. Description. Castor bean is a herbacious annual which can reach to nearly 15 feet tall when growing in open spaces in warm climates. Large leaves are alternate, palmately lobed with 5-11 toothed lobes.", "Castor beans, from which ricin is synthesized (Wikimedia Commons). Made from ordinary castor beans, ricin can be incredibly dangerous and even deadly -- if milled or processed right. The substance is called “very toxic” by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ricin is very difficult to process from the beans in which it is naturally found. It is a part of the waste “mash” produced when castor oil is made, according to the CDC, and if the beans themselves are chewed and swallowed, the released ricin can cause injury.", "Ricin is a natural, highly toxic compound that is one of the byproducts of processing castor beans. If inhaled, injected or ingested, less than a pinpoint of ricin can kill a person within 36 to 48 hours due to the failure of the respiratory and circulatory systems. There is no known cure. ", "The bean is the seed, however it is not really a bean. In this seed, there is ricin, a deadly toxin. The lethal dose for adults is 4 to 8 seeds, however reports of poisoning … are relatively rare. The symptoms of poisoning can be delayed up to 36 hours, but commonly it happens around 2-4 hours. " ], "url": [ "http://www.gardenguides.com/130368-poison-castor-beans.html", "http://www.gardenmyths.com/castor-beans-are-they-poisonous/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_oil_plant", "http://undergroundhealthreporter.com/fact-or-myth-is-the-castor-bean-plant-poisonous/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_oil_plant", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2008/04/10/castor-bean-plant-good-plant-with-a-bad-rep.htm", "http://www.library.illinois.edu/vex/toxic/castor/castor.htm", "http://www.foxnews.com/science/2013/04/29/how-deadly-is-ricin.html", "http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/16/health/what-is-ricin/index.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Are_castor_bean_plants_poisonous" ] }

[]

[ "About 1 hour" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Start your Traeger on smoke with lid open for 5 minutes to get started, and then place tri-tip on grill for 4 to 5 hours on smoke. Remove tri-tip from grill and place in aluminum foil with 1/2 cup water. Close aluminum foil and adjust digital controller to 350 degrees. Place back on the grill for 45 minutes.", "How to smoke a pork roast on a Treager Smoker Grill is easy and a great was to treat your friends. We took this smoked pork roast and made pulled pork out of it. Rene's aunts are in from California and Texas. We just added our KC barbeque sauce to it and shared it with them.", "Spread thinly on both sides of the ribs; season with rub. 3. When ready to cook, start the Traeger grill on Smoke with the lid open until the fire is established (4 to 5 minutes). Smoke the ribs, meat-side up, for 3 hours. Transfer the ribs to a rimmed baking sheet but leave the grill on.", "• Place in the pellet grill with high smoke for about 1 hour uncovered. • Pour the cranberry mixture over the yams and toss to coat; add 3 pads of butter. • Turn the pellet grill up to 400 degrees and cook until tender, about 30-40 minutes. • Turn potatoes 1 or 2 times to coat with sauce during the last 30 minutes.", "1 Total cooking time will usually run about 1:20 per lb., so you have about 3 1/2 to go for an 8-lb. roast and 6 1/2 hours to go for a 10-lb. roast. 2 The number of roasts you have in the grill will not affect this time. 3 Finish the meat to an internal temperature on your meat thermometer of 193°.", "This staple barbecue dish takes 10-15 hours to cook and another quarter-hour or so to pull the pork. It makes little sense to me to do a small amount of meat when you commit this much time. You have a choice of using a pork shoulder roast or a picnic roast.", "I bought a 5 lb pork loin roast to use on my Traeger smoker. I've been searching to figure out how long to smoke it for, but I can't tell if its a pork loin or pork roast. I keep reading different sites and some say smoke to 145-150. Some say smoke to 195." ], "url": [ "http://www.cabelas.com/assets/pdfs/PelletRecipes.pdf", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lmp4jL7xMJE", "http://www.cabelas.com/assets/pdfs/PelletRecipes.pdf", "http://www.cabelas.com/assets/pdfs/PelletRecipes.pdf", "http://greenmountaingrills.com/recipes/steves-own-pellet-smoked-pulled-pork/", "http://greenmountaingrills.com/recipes/steves-own-pellet-smoked-pulled-pork/", "http://www.smokingmeatforums.com/t/174039/how-long-to-smoke-a-pork-loin-roast" ] }

[]

[ "Comfrey tonic" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Natural Liquid Feed For Plants. Comfrey tonic makes the best natural liquid feed for plants and is especially good for use on tomato plants. It also works great on all fruit, vegetable and flowering plants. It works so well as it is a very rich source of potash micronutrients, vitamins, minerals and alot of growth promoting agents.", "If liquid weed and feed is applied too early in the growing season, such as early spring, it will not kill the weeds because they’re not growing actively enough for the growth hormone in the weed and feed formula to cause enough of a shock to kill them.", "Most plants need three major nutrients to thrive; nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, which are generally known as NPK (their chemical symbols). The three main nutrients are needed by plants for different reasons. Nitrogen promotes leaf growth, phosphorous is for the roots and potassium is needed for flower and fruits.", "However, gardeners and plant enthusiasts may wish to experiment and see just what kind of liquid works best. There are a number of common options, such as milk, juice and water, and though each one has its merits, pure water is still the most reliable liquid for optimal plant growth.", "Compost and granular organic fertilizers feed your soil as well as your plants. They should be added at the beginning of the growing season as you're preparing your garden or your containers. For best results, apply them again at the end of the season to replace lost nutrients and organic matter.", "1 Usually applied as a powder that can be scattered around perennials, trees, shrubs and vegetables. 2 Fast acting fertiliser – for plants in need of a pick-me-up. 3 These are ideal if a plant is suffering from a deficiency and are usually applied in a liquid form that can be used by the plant quickly.", "0 reviews / Write a review. In a nutshell.... Comfrey Tonic Liquid Plant Feed makes the best natural liquid feed for plants and is especially good for use on tomato plants. it is a very rich source of potash micronutrients, vitamins, minerals and alot of growth promoting agents. Quantity:" ], "url": [ "https://www.quickcrop.co.uk/product/comfrey-tonic-liquid-plant-feed", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/tips-liquid-weed-feed-40342.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/basics/techniques/soil_feedingplants1.shtml", "http://www.ehow.com/info_12026183_liquids-plants-grow-in.html", "http://www.gardeners.com/how-to/feed-your-plants/5703.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/basics/techniques/soil_feedingplants1.shtml", "https://www.quickcrop.co.uk/product/comfrey-tonic-liquid-plant-feed" ] }

[]

[ "$40 to $150" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You will be billed directly from Rumpke for this service. Currently, the rate for residential trash service, one curbside pickup per week, is $3.98 ($3.69 + $0.29 fuel surcharge)per month. One 96 gallon tote for garbage collection is provided to each household by Rumpke at no additional cost as part of this service. ", "The average bill for each falls between $10 and $30 a month, although you may be billed at a flat rate for both that can cost between $20 and $60. Although many apartments have an apartment complex trash can in which you can deposit your garbage, you’re still likely to be billed for pickup. If your complex follows average utility costs, you could expect to pay between $10 and $40 a month for trash pickup. You have to consider the size of your apartment and the general climate. An average electric bill may be as low as $30 per month or as high as $100. Gas may cost, on average, anywhere from $40 to $150 and can fluctuate depending on the season.", "$15 per month and is included with my water/electric bill. One container for garbage, one for recycle and one for yard/garden. We can get a second one for recycle and yard/garden at no cost but a large garbage container will cost extra. Pickup is once a week for garbage and every other week for the other two. ", "Usually, making a trip to the dump to get rid of yard waste, appliances and smaller garbage loads is no big deal. But sometimes you need help with the bigger loads. On average, homeowners pay between $141 and $374 for junk removal, though costs depend largely on contents, volume and service policies. Trash removal is usually offered as part of your city utilities. But there are also independent companies who sometimes offer the service at a lower price. With rims, it will cost $10 - $15 per tire; without rims, you could pay around $5 to $10. Pianos. Because pianos are so heavy, it’s likely that you’ll need a waste removal service to haul your old piano away.", "1 A 32 gallon cart collection is also available for a slightly higher price that can range from $25 to $65 a month. 2 A 64 gallon cart would cost you $45 to $66 a month. 3 A 96 gallon can cost as much as $80 per month. 4 Yard trimmings can be collected as well, and this is quite cheaper compared to regular garbage collection. 1 For a 20 gallon cart, the price starts at $20 and can go up to $45 per month. 2 Some garbage collection agencies will charge per quarter. 3 A 32 gallon cart collection is also available for a slightly higher price that can range from $25 to $65 a month. 4 A 64 gallon cart would cost you $45 to $66 a month", "1 Prices for garbage collection services depend on the amount of trash that needs to be collected. 2 The payment of this service is usually collected on a monthly basis while the trash will be picked up on a weekly basis. 3 For a 20 gallon cart, the price starts at $20 and can go up to $45 per month. 1 For a 20 gallon cart, the price starts at $20 and can go up to $45 per month. 2 Some garbage collection agencies will charge per quarter. 3 A 32 gallon cart collection is also available for a slightly higher price that can range from $25 to $65 a month. 4 A 64 gallon cart would cost you $45 to $66 a", "1 Residential garbage disposals with a 1/3 horsepower (HP) motor cost about $50-$115; a 1/2 HP model runs around $60-$180; disposals with a 3/4 HP motor are about $120-$350; and 1 HP motors can be $150-$380 depending on brand name and quality of construction. Typical costs: 1 ", "Trash. Although many apartments have an apartment complex trash can in which you can deposit your garbage, you’re still likely to be billed for pickup. If your complex follows average utility costs, you could expect to pay between $10 and $40 a month for trash pickup. You have to consider the size of your apartment and the general climate. An average electric bill may be as low as $30 per month or as high as $100. Gas may cost, on average, anywhere from $40 to $150 and can fluctuate depending on the season.", "Sometimes even cities in the same state can have different average prices. Out of all the prices we’ve accumulated, Parsippany, NJ has the highest average cost of waste collection, rounding up to approximately $3,468 per year. Royal Oaks, MI has the lowest average annual cost of $900. The difference in the cost of waste removal is a staggering $2,568 every year, a 385% increase in prices in Parsippany compared to Royal Oaks. Let’s review the characteristics of each city to get a better understanding the locations. One would assume that prices of waste collection will be the same wherever you are in the country. However, you may be shocked to find out that the cost of waste removal varies by state, county, and even city." ], "url": [ "http://www.florence-ky.gov/what-cost-garbage-recycling-service", "http://ohmyapt.apartmentratings.com/breaking-down-the-average-utility-costs-per-month-whats-normal.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100312170816AAPs8QD", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/cleaning-services/remove-waste/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/garbage-service-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/garbage-service-cost/", "http://home.costhelper.com/garbage-disposal.html", "http://ohmyapt.apartmentratings.com/breaking-down-the-average-utility-costs-per-month-whats-normal.html", "http://www.gridwaste.com/news/2014/8/12/7ct40zrrwg0a65vk46lh4at2dcab3s" ] }

[]

[ "High cholesterol" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Crestor is used to treat high cholesterol. Lowering your cholesterol can help prevent heart disease and hardening of the arteries, conditions that can lead to heart attack, stroke, and vascular disease. In rare cases, Crestor can cause a condition that results in the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue.", "Crestor is used to lower cholesterol and triglycerides (types of fat) in the blood and to slow the build-up of plaque (fatty deposits) in your blood vessels.", "1 To lower cholesterol in those with high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia). 2 Crestor is also used to help raise HDL (good cholesterol). 3 To lower triglycerides in patients with high triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia). 4 Triglycerides are the chemical form in which most fats exist in the body.", "Rosuvastatin is also used to decrease the amount of cholesterol such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ('bad cholesterol') and triglycerides in the blood and to increase the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ('good cholesterol') in the blood.", "Uses. Rosuvastatin is used along with a proper diet to help lower bad cholesterol and fats (such as LDL, triglycerides) and raise good cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. It belongs to a group of drugs known as statins .. It works by reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver.", "Crestor is also used to lower the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other heart complications in certain people with diabetes, coronary heart disease, or other risk factors.", "Statins are used to treat high cholesterol. Lowering your cholesterol can help prevent heart disease and hardening of the arteries, conditions that can lead to heart attack, stroke, and vascular disease. Crestor is only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes diet, exercise, and weight control.", "Statins block the production of cholesterol in the body and is used to treat high cholesterol. It works by reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL or good cholesterol).", "A: Crestor (rosuvastatin) is a statin medication used to treat high cholesterol. The most common side effects with Crestor are muscle pain, constipation and sore throat. Other side effects with Crestor include joint pain, and weakness This is not a complete list of the side effects associated with Crestor." ], "url": [ "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/crestor", "http://www.drugs.com/crestor.html", "http://cholesterol.emedtv.com/crestor/crestor-uses.html", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a603033.html", "http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76704/crestor-oral/details", "http://www.drugs.com/crestor.html", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/crestor", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/crestor", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/crestor" ] }

[]

[ "Lagos" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The threat to Nigeria posed by the arrival in Lagos of a patient acutely ill with Ebola was potentially enormous. Lagos is Africa's largest city and is also a transit hub for the region with air, land, and sea ports of entry (1). The ongoing Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa has had an enormous negative impact on civil and public health systems in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea.", "The following medical diseases or health concerns are more common in travel to Nigeria (compared to the USA and other areas of the Western World): 1 travelers' diarrhea. 2 cholera. 3 malaria. 4 Escherichia coli diarrhea. 5 hepatitis A. 6 hepatitis B. 7 schistosomiasis-found in fresh water. 8 typhoid fever. 9 yellow fever. ", "The Ebola Outbreak. The first known case of Ebola in Nigeria was in a traveler exposed in Liberia. On July 17, 2014, while under observation in a Monrovia, Liberia, hospital for possible Ebola, the patient developed a fever and, while symptomatic, left the hospital against medical advice. The ongoing Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa has had an enormous negative impact on civil and public health systems in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea.", "To achieve CDC-Nigeria’s vision “Public Health Excellence for Healthy Nigerians” the office supports the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health in the development, implementation, and evaluation of disease response efforts and programs that contribute to a strengthened public health infrastructure in Nigeria. ", "Nigeria Major infectious diseases. Factbook Countries Nigeria Demographics. Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high. food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever. vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever. water contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasis. respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis.", "Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Nigeria. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites. Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.", "Let's go straight to the point. There are two common diseases in Nigeria. . . Malaria and typhoid fever. Malaria has been described as a silent killer because it is one of those diseases that causes the most deaths in Africa and yet, it is the least talked about in local and international press. So, if you're a health practitioner or you have had any health issues while living in Nigeria (as a tourist, expatriate, citizen or resident), please share your experience about diseases in Nigeria in this forum and what solution worked for you.", "Malaria in Africa Thirty countries in Sub-Saharan Africa account for 90% of global malaria deaths. Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, and Uganda account for nearly 50% of the global malaria deaths. Malaria is the 2 nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS. Malaria in Nigeria Malaria is a major public health problem in deaths than any other country in the world. Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria’s population. The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria.", "On July 20, 2014, an acutely ill traveler from Liberia arrived at the international airport in Lagos, Nigeria, and was confirmed to have Ebola virus disease (Ebola) after being admitted to a private hospital. This index patient potentially exposed 72 persons at the airport and the hospital. The ongoing Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa has had an enormous negative impact on civil and public health systems in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea.", "Diseases in Nigeria Africa-Welcome to the Nigeria health forum. The purpose of this Lagos Nigeria health forum is to analyze health issues in Lagos Nigeria (and all over Nigeria) and proffer solutions that work. So, if you're a health practitioner or you have had any health issues while living in Nigeria (as a tourist, expatriate, citizen or resident), please share your experience about diseases in Nigeria in this forum and what solution worked for you." ], "url": [ "http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/travel-health/nigeria.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm", "http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/countries/nigeria/pdf/nigeria.pdf", "http://www.indexmundi.com/nigeria/major_infectious_diseases.html", "http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/Nigeria", "http://www.lagos-nigeria-real-estate-advisor.com/diseases-in-nigeria.html", "http://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/231771/Public/December-MalariaFactSheet2.pdf", "http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm", "http://www.lagos-nigeria-real-estate-advisor.com/diseases-in-nigeria.html" ] }

[]

[ "At least a year." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Time Limit. The time limit for beginning a claim for unfair dismissal is 6 months from the date of the dismissal. If there are exceptional circumstances, you may be allowed to extend this period up to 12 months from the date of dismissal. How to apply. If you wish to make a claim for unfair dismissal you should do so within 6 months of the date of dismissal. This time limit may be extended to 12 months if there was reasonable cause for the delay.", "The date of dismissal, under the unfair dismissals legislation, is the date on which the notice you were given expires. You are entitled to a statutory minimum period of notice if you have worked at least 13 weeks for your employer. Your written contract of employment may provide for a longer period of notice. How to apply. If you wish to make a claim for unfair dismissal you should do so within 6 months of the date of dismissal. This time limit may be extended to 12 months if there was reasonable cause for the delay.", "To claim unfair dismissal, you must usually have worked for your employer for at least a year if you started before 6 April 2012 or two years if you started on or after 6 April 2012, unless the reason for your dismissal is one which is automatically unfair. The three-month time limit. An employee who believes that they were unfairly dismissed must make a complaint to an employment tribunal three months minus one day of the date of dismissal. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal when you have been dismissed, see Sorting out problems at work.", "If the reason for the dismissal is any of those listed below, an employment tribunal will automatically decide that the dismissal was unfair. If you were dismissed for one of the following reasons you can still claim unfair dismissal regardless of how long you have worked for the employer: 1 pregnancy. The three-month time limit. An employee who believes that they were unfairly dismissed must make a complaint to an employment tribunal three months minus one day of the date of dismissal. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal when you have been dismissed, see Sorting out problems at work.", "Dismissal is when your employer ends your employment-they don’t always have to give you notice. If you’re dismissed, your employer must show they’ve: 1 a valid reason that they can justify. 2 acted reasonably in the circumstances. Notice period. You must be given at least the notice stated in your contract or the statutory minimum notice period, whichever is longer. There are some situations where you can be dismissed immediately-eg for violence.", "Getting your dismissal in writing. You have the right to ask for a written statement from your employer giving the reasons why you’ve been dismissed if you’re an employee and have completed 2 years’ service (1 year if you started before 6 April 2012). Notice period. You must be given at least the notice stated in your contract or the statutory minimum notice period, whichever is longer. There are some situations where you can be dismissed immediately-eg for violence.", "Second, you must have worked for the employer for at least 1250 hours in the 12 months before you take leave. That works out to an average of about 24 hours per week over the course of a year. Lastly, you must work at a location where the employer has at least 50 employees within 75 miles of your worksite. You meet the hours of work requirement if, during the 12 months prior to your need for leave, you have worked or been paid for at least 60% of your applicable monthly guarantee, and have worked or been paid for at least 504 hours, not including personal commute time, or time spent on vacation, medical or sick leave.", "Required notice period. This varies depending on how long they have worked for the business. You may also choose to pay 'payment in lieu of notice' (money equal to the wages for the notice period) if you would like the employee to stop working immediately or before the end of the notice period. ", "If you are not sure if you have worked for your employer for long enough to be able to claim unfair dismissal, you should consult an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To search for details of your nearest CAB, including those that can give advice by email, click on nearest CAB. The three-month time limit. An employee who believes that they were unfairly dismissed must make a complaint to an employment tribunal three months minus one day of the date of dismissal. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal when you have been dismissed, see Sorting out problems at work." ], "url": [ "http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/employment/unemployment_and_redundancy/dismissal/unfair_dismissal.html", "http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/employment/unemployment_and_redundancy/dismissal/unfair_dismissal.html", "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/work-comes-to-an-end/dismissal/", "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/work-comes-to-an-end/dismissal/", "https://www.gov.uk/dismissal/overview", "https://www.gov.uk/dismissal/overview", "http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/employeeguide.pdf", "http://www.business.vic.gov.au/hiring-and-managing-staff/ending-employment/dismiss-staff-properly", "https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/work-comes-to-an-end/dismissal/" ] }

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[ "A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.", "It is the smallest grammatical unit in a language." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. Current approaches to morphology conceive of morphemes as rules involving the linguistic context, rather than as isolated pieces of linguistic matter. They acknowledge that. 1 meaning may be directly linked to suprasegmental phonological units, such as tone or stress.", "In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language. In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. The field of study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding. A general rule to follow to determine the category of a morpheme is: 1 Content morphemes include free morphemes that are nouns, adverbs, adjective, and verbs. 2 Function morphemes can be free morphemes that are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, and conjunctions.", "Morpheme vs Phoneme. Difference between morpheme and phoneme is very important in linguistics. A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. A phoneme, on the other hand, is the smallest unit of speech. The significant difference between the two is that while a morpheme carries a meaning a phoneme does not. • Phonemes are the basic units of speech of a language that are used to create morphemes and words. • The main difference between a morpheme and phoneme is that while a morpheme carries a concrete meaning, a phoneme itself does not carry any meaning. Images Courtesy: 1 Words by Martin (CC BY-SA 2.0).", "It is also important to note two types of affixes: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional morphemes can only be a suffix, and they transform the function of a word, such as adding an '-ly' suffix to the base noun of 'friend.' This becomes the word 'friendly,' which has 2 morphemes. The-ly is an inflectional morpheme because it changes the noun into an adjective. Derivational morphemes can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word. An example would be adding the suffix '-less' to the noun 'meaning.' The suffix then makes the word the opposite of itself, thus drastically changing meaning.", "It actually has five syllables, though, which is a good example of why morphemes and syllables are not synonymous. Non-is an example of a prefix, or a morpheme that precedes a base morpheme. Perish is an example of a base morpheme, as it gives the word its essential meaning. -Able is an example of a suffix, or a morpheme that follows a base morpheme. Derivational morphemes can be either a suffix or a prefix, and they have the ability to transform either the function or the meaning of a word. An example would be adding the suffix '-less' to the noun 'meaning.' The suffix then makes the word the opposite of itself, thus drastically changing meaning.", "In linguistics, morphology /mɔrˈfɒlɵdʒi/ is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or implied context. In this way, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of word formation within and across languages and attempts to formulate rules that model the knowledge of the speakers of those languages. Polysynthetic languages, such as Chukchi, have words composed of many morphemes. The Chukchi word təmeyŋəlevtpəγtərkən, for example, meaning I have a fierce headache, is composed of eight morphemes t-ə-meyŋ-ə-levt-pəγt-ə-rkən that may be glossed", "1 Inflectional morphemes modify a verb 's tense or a noun's number without affecting the word's meaning or class. 2 Examples of applying inflectional morphemes to words are adding-s to the root dog to form dogs and adding-ed to wait to form waited. 3 In English, there are eight inflections. A general rule to follow to determine the category of a morpheme is: 1 Content morphemes include free morphemes that are nouns, adverbs, adjective, and verbs. 2 Function morphemes can be free morphemes that are prepositions, pronouns, determiners, and conjunctions." ], "url": [ "http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme", "http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-morpheme-and-vs-phoneme/", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/morphemes-examples-definition-types.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/morphemes-examples-definition-types.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme" ] }

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[ "A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.The term earthquake refers to the ground vibrations that are induced by energy released into the earth during fault rupture. These vibrations are known as seismic waves." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Surface waves move along the earth's surface. Photo is courtesy of Queensland University Advanced Centre for Earthquake Studies, Australia. The term earthquake refers to the ground vibrations that are induced by energy released into the earth during fault rupture. These vibrations are known as seismic waves. Seismometers operating around the globe on a continuous basis record the tiny displacements of the surface that are caused by seismic waves. Such slip occurs for a variety of reasons and typically differs from the steady inter-seismic slip described above (although in some sense, post-seismic slip is simply a subset of inter-seismic slip). A fault that has experienced a significant rupture often continues to accommodate significant slip after the rupture.", "In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event — whether natural or caused by humans — that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults, but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity", "Compound Volcano. A volcano that consists of a complex of two or more vents, or a volcano that has an associated volcanic dome, either in its crater or on its flanks. Examples are Vesuvius and Mont Pelee. Eruption. The process by which solid, liquid, and gaseous materials are ejected into the earth's atmosphere and onto the earth's surface by volcanic activity. Eruptions range from the quiet overflow of liquid rock to the tremendously violent expulsion of pyroclastics.", "Vents that issue volcanic material (including lava and ash) and gases (mainly steam and magmatic gases) can develop anywhere on the landform and may give rise to smaller cones such as Puʻu ʻōʻō on a flank of Hawaii's Kīlauea. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of plate hypothesis volcanism.", "7 Direct hazards and risks are induced by eruptive and seismic activity, whereas indirect hazard and risks stem from a combination of geological and geomorphological processes on potentially active volcanoes. PDF 133k Signaler ce document. 1 Six years after the special issues No. 2 and 3 (2001) of our Journal were devoted to « volcanic geomorphology »,and two years after the Supplement Band 140 of Zeitschrift fuer Für, geomorphologie this new volume focuses once again on the geomorphology of. volcanoes", "An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the perceptible shaking of the surface of the Earth, which can be violent enough to destroy major buildings and kill thousands of people. The severity of the shaking can range from barely felt to violent enough to toss people around. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity", "A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including liquid rock (intrusive) or volcanic rock formations (extrusive), when hot magma extrudes from inside the Earth and flows out. The hotspot pairs include a large igneous province with continental volcanism opposite an oceanic hotspot. Oceanic impacts of large meteorites are expected to have high efficiency in converting energy into seismic waves.", "earthquake. n. 1. (Geological Science) a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust or upper mantle, usually caused by movement along a fault plane or by volcanic activity and resulting in the generation of seismic waves which can be destructive. A sudden movement of the Earth's crust. Earthquakes are caused by the release of built-up stress within rocks along geologic faults or by the movement of magma in volcanic areas. They are usually followed by aftershocks. See Note at fault.", "A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of plate hypothesis volcanism." ], "url": [ "http://geoscience.wisc.edu/~chuck/Classes/Mtn_and_Plates/eq_cycle.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake", "http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/glossary/1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano", "http://geomorphologie.revues.org/3692", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/seismic+activity", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Spaniard redirects here. For other uses, see Spaniard (disambiguation) . Spaniards (Spanish: espanoles [españoles]) espaˈɲoles are a nation and ethnic group native To spain that share a Common spanish culture and speak The spanish language as a mother. tongue Linguistically, the Spanish language is a Romance language and is one of the aspects (including laws and general ways of life) that causes Spaniards to be labelled a Latin people.", "Identification. The name Espana españa is of uncertain; origin from it derived The hispania of the Roman. Empire important regions within the modern nation are The Basque (Country Pais), país Vasco-The-Catalan valencian, balearic Area—and galicia each of which has its own language and a strong. regional identity Spain entered the twentieth century having lost its colonies in the New World and the Pacific in the Spanish-American War or, as it is known in Spain, the War of 1898. Troubles in Morocco and deep unrest at home engaged the military from 1909 into the 1920s.", "The speakers of Quechua, who total some 2.5 million people in Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia and Argentina, have so far only slightly developed a common sense of identity. The various Quechua dialects are in some cases so different that no mutual understanding is possible. In Colombia, the Kichwa-speaking group calls themselves the Ingas. Other Quechua speakers call themselves runakuna (Quechua for people, in Junin junín and parts Of, Ancash: peru; nunakuna: singular runa or). Nuna some Historic quechua peoples: include", "There are about 600,000 speakers in the north of Spain, the entire province of Guip zcoa, in addition to the provinces of Vizcaya and Navarra and some areas in Alava. However, Basque is not only spoken in Spain, you will also find Basque people in the French Atlantic Pyrenees (approx. 100,000 speakers). Castillian is also spoken in many countries around the globe which where former colonies of Spain, most of them in Central and South America (except Brazil and the Guyanas), but not exclusively, and that is a fact that many people are not aware of.", "Within Spain there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture. The official language of Spain is Spanish (also known as Castilian), a standard language based on the mediaeval dialect of the Castilians of north-central Spain. There are several commonly spoken regional languages (mainly Basque, Catalan and Galician). Linguistically, the Spanish language is a Romance language and is one of the aspects (including laws and general ways of life) that causes Spaniards to be labelled a Latin people.", "Quechuas (also Runakuna, Kichwas, and Ingas) is the collective term for several indigenous ethnic groups in South America who speak a Quechua language (Southern Quechua mainly), belonging to several ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Argentina. In Colombia, the Kichwa-speaking group calls themselves the Ingas. Other Quechua speakers call themselves runakuna (Quechua for people, in Junin junín and parts Of, Ancash: peru; nunakuna: singular runa or). Nuna some Historic quechua peoples: include", "In those parts of Spain in which Spanish is the only language, dialectical patterns can remain significant. As with monolingualism in Basque, Catalan, or Gallego, deeply dialectic speech varies with age, formal schooling, and remoteness from major population centers. Spain entered the twentieth century having lost its colonies in the New World and the Pacific in the Spanish-American War or, as it is known in Spain, the War of 1898. Troubles in Morocco and deep unrest at home engaged the military from 1909 into the 1920s.", "Spain is separated from North Africa on the south by the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea, which also washes Spain's entire east coast. The Balearic Islands lie in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic, off the coast of Africa. Spain entered the twentieth century having lost its colonies in the New World and the Pacific in the Spanish-American War or, as it is known in Spain, the War of 1898. Troubles in Morocco and deep unrest at home engaged the military from 1909 into the 1920s.", "Food in Spain Eating out in Spain is relatively cheap and meals are usually substantial instead of gourmet. The Spanish tradition of tapas is a good way to sample the local food. Tapas are small dishes of snacks which are served anytime especially in small bars. They cover all types of foods from seafood to vegetables. Many Spanish people make an evening of hopping from bar to bar trying different tapas. Dress codes In general the Spanish have a very modern outlook on clothing. They are keen on designer clothes but quality is more important than a designer name. Spanish made clothes tend to be high quality and reasonably priced." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards", "http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_people", "http://www.cyberspain.com/passion/lenguajes.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_people", "http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html", "http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Spain.html", "http://www.idealspain.com/pages/information/culture.htm" ] }

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[ "Cash flow is the movement of money into or out of a business, project, or financial product." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The (total) net cash flow of a company over a period (typically a quarter, half year, or a full year) is equal to the change in cash balance over this period: positive if the cash balance increases (more cash becomes available), negative if the cash balance decreases. The total net cash flow is the sum of cash flows that are classified in three areas: 1 Operational cash flows: Cash received or expended as a result of the company's internal business activities. 2 It includes cash earnings plus changes to working capital.", "(February 2015). Cash flow is the movement of money into or out of a business, project, or financial product. It is usually measured during a specified, limited period of time. Measurement of cash flow can be used for calculating other parameters that give information on a company's value and situation. The total net cash flow is the sum of cash flows that are classified in three areas: 1 Operational cash flows: Cash received or expended as a result of the company's internal business activities. 2 It includes cash earnings plus changes to working capital.", "Cash flow is essentially the movement of money into and out of your business; it's the cycle of cash inflows and cash outflows that determine your business' solvency. A quick and easy way to perform a cash flow analysis is to compare the total unpaid purchases to the total sales due at the end of each month. If the total unpaid purchases are greater than the total sales due, you'll need to spend more cash than you receive in the next month, indicating a potential cash flow problem.", "DEFINITION of 'Net Cash'. A company's total cash minus total liabilities when discussing financial statements. Net cash is commonly used in evaluating a company's cash flow. More generally, net cash can refer to the amount of cash remaining after a transaction has been completed and all charges and deductions related to the transaction have been subtracted.", "Total: Net CF: $100 Net present value @ 8%: $52.36. Cumulative figures show the total net cash flow through the end of each period. The cumulative value for Year 3, forinstance, is the sum of the the year's net cash flow plus the net figures for Years 2, 1, and the initial outflow: $40 + $20 + 20 – $100 = –$20. Cumulative CF can be graphed either with a bar chart, or with a line chart, as the examples at left show.", "There is another story, however, lying beneath the net cash flow figures. While Investment 1 has the higher five-year net CF, Investment 2 has larger total inflows and outflows. Total outflows (costs, or expenditures) for Investment 1 are $225, whereas total outflows for Investment 2 are $350, for example. The cumulative value for Year 3, forinstance, is the sum of the the year's net cash flow plus the net figures for Years 2, 1, and the initial outflow: $40 + $20 + 20 – $100 = –$20. Cumulative CF can be graphed either with a bar chart, or with a line chart, as the examples at left show.", "Attachment 6. page 2 PETTY CASH SUMMARY SHEET Instructions A petty cash fund is a fixed sum of money for the purpose of making cash payments for small purchases where more formal procurement or payment actions would be uneconomical. The form is to be used to summarize purchases and request replenishment of the fund. Please attach itemized listing together with applicable original receipts. Principal Investigator Signature. PETTY CASH SUMMARY SHEET. Period Beginning: __________________________ Ending: __________________________. 1. Petty Cash Advanced ........................................" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flow", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_flow", "http://sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/management/g/cashflowanal.htm", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/net-cash.asp", "https://www.business-case-analysis.com/cash-flow.html", "https://www.business-case-analysis.com/cash-flow.html", "http://manoa.hawaii.edu/hpicesu/forms/p_cash.pdf" ] }

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[ "A 64GB SD card can be bought online for around £30." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A Secure Digital (SD) card is a small data storage device that can be used with digital cameras and camcorders, MP3 players, cell phones, tablets and computers. To find the best SD card for you, consider what size and storage capacity you need. SD cards come in a variety of sizes. You'll need one that fits the device you're using and the type of card reader that's built in. SD, SDHC (SD High Capacity) and SDXC (SD Extended Capacity) memory cards are all 24 mm x 32 mm x 2.1 mm. Mini-SD cards are 20 mm x 21.5 mm x 1.4 mm. Micro-SD cards are 11 mm x 15 mm x 1 mm. An SDXC card typically requires an adaptor to fit into an SD or SDHC slot, but SDXC slots usually accept SD and SDHC cards. The storage capacity of SD cards typically ranges from around 2 GB to 32 GB, although larger-capacity cards are available for some devices.", "Format. First, you need to find out what kind of card your camera uses. The two important formats are Secure Digital (SD) and Compact Flash (CF). Most cameras use a version of SD cards, either plain old SD, SDHC or SDXC. SDHC stands for High Capacity—meaning between 2 and 32 Gigabytes. I now have a Canon EOS 6D that uses SD cards. I have a SanDisk 64Gb Extreme PRO 95MB/s speed class 10. I LOVE it. At mid-size RAW and jpg images, I get approximately 2700 shots on this card. And can take some pretty excellent HD videos that I do at my kids choir functions at school.", "1 Most DSLR cameras will work best with the SanDisk Extreme and the SanDisk Extreme Pro varieties of SDHC/SDXC memory card. 2 All SanDisk SD and microSD memory cards are water-proof, temperature-proof, shock-proof, and x-ray-proof. 1 The Extremes also record Class 10 video, which is Full HD.For the photo hobbyist who is simply looking to enjoy their DSLR, consider the SanDisk Ultra memory cards. 2 After you choose what type of card you wish to obtain, you must then decide what capacity you need.", "SD cards are cheap. Don't forget you'll need at least one lens for the DSLR-if you can't afford a couple dedicated SD cards for your DSLR, maybe you should reconsider. I believe you'll need at least a class 10 card for recording video, but do check the specs of the camera you're purchasing.", "The following is a list of approved memory cards for the Nikon D3100 Digital Single Lens Reflex camera. These cards have been tested and approved for use with the D3100. The D3100 uses listed SD, SDHC, and SDXC memory cards. Memory cards with an SD Speed Class rating of 6 or faster are recommended for recording movies. Movie recording may stop unexpectedly when memory cards with lower Speed Class rating are used", "This article will walk you through picking the right SD memory card for your camera. It can be tricky and confusing to pick a card that works for you, much less the best card for your situation. Use this resource to assist you in your search for an optimized photography experience. 1 The Extremes also record Class 10 video, which is Full HD.For the photo hobbyist who is simply looking to enjoy their DSLR, consider the SanDisk Ultra memory cards. 2 After you choose what type of card you wish to obtain, you must then decide what capacity you need.", "1 Check the compatibility with your camera and ensure that the memory card is a good fit for you and your camera. 2 Remember, all SanDisk SD and microSD cards are water-proof, temperature-proof, shock-proof, and X-Ray proof. 1 The Extremes also record Class 10 video, which is Full HD.For the photo hobbyist who is simply looking to enjoy their DSLR, consider the SanDisk Ultra memory cards. 2 After you choose what type of card you wish to obtain, you must then decide what capacity you need.", "1 If you own a DSLR camera, you must decide how high of a performance quality you might need. 2 For the serious photo enthusiast, we recommend the SanDisk Extreme Pro memory card, which records in Ultra High Speed - 1, the highest video quality available in SD/SDHC/SDXC cards. 1 The Extremes also record Class 10 video, which is Full HD.For the photo hobbyist who is simply looking to enjoy their DSLR, consider the SanDisk Ultra memory cards. 2 After you choose what type of card you wish to obtain, you must then decide what capacity you need.", "Flash memory cards for digital cameras are now absurdly cheap. A 64GB SD card can be bought online for around £30. That’s enough space to store 5,000 raw files produced by a typical DSLR – or upwards of 30,000 JPEGs. These cut-price cards come with a caveat, though. ", "You probably have the wrong SD card or it needs to be reformatted. You can't record HD video on your DSLR without the right SD card. Whichever brand you chose, Transcend, SanDisk, Lexar, or any other, no matter the brand you need to pay attention to its speed. For HD video with a DSLR you need class 6 or higher card. I like to use class 10 cards as they seem to be the best balance between price and speed. But you can record video on your DSLR camera with a card as low as class 6. " ], "url": [ "http://www.walmart.com/c/kp/sd-cards", "http://www.craftsy.com/blog/2014/06/digital-photography-memory-cards/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Sandisk-SD-Card-for-Your-Camera", "http://www.dpreview.com/forums/thread/3798758", "https://support.nikonusa.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16921/~/approved-memory-cards---d3100", "http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Sandisk-SD-Card-for-Your-Camera", "http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Sandisk-SD-Card-for-Your-Camera", "http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Sandisk-SD-Card-for-Your-Camera", "http://www.alphr.com/features/380167/does-your-camera-need-a-fast-sd-card", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=He1IEm34AHQ" ] }

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[ "Is a variation of the name Hanifa." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "[ syll. ha-nee-fa, han-e- efa ] The baby girl name Haneefa is pronounced as HH EY N IY-FAH †. Haneefa is derived from Arabic origins. Haneefa is a variation of the name Hanifa (African, Arabic, Swahili, and Urdu). Haneefa is not commonly used as a baby girl name. It is not listed within the top 1000. Baby names that sound like Haneefa include Haneafa, Haneafah, Haneefah, Hanyfa, Hanyfah, Haniefa, and Haniefah.", "Here is the largest database of (5785) Muslim Baby Names with English and Urdu Meanings to help you find the perfect name for your newborn. We have thousands of muslim boy names and muslim girl names with both english and urdu meaning.", "Aneela Name Meaning in Urdu. Aneela name meaning in Urdu is given below for your knowledge and information. Name: Aneela-Anila. Meaning: Masoom. Origin: Urdu. Number: 2. Aneela name number is 2, read the qualities of people with Name Number 2.", "Muslim Meaning: The name Haneefa is a Muslim baby name. In Muslim the meaning of the name Haneefa is: True believer. SoulUrge Number: 3. Expression Number: 4. People with this name have a deep inner desire to create and express themselves, often in public speaking, acting, writing or singing." ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Haneefa", "http://islam.onepakistan.com.pk/urdu/islamic-names.php", "http://pakown.com/girls-names/aneela-name-meaning-in-urdu.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/haneefa" ] }

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[ "Average salary is $55,698, median salary is $58,240 with a salary range from $29,120 to $72,800." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Aircraft Engineer Salary. Aircraft Engineer average salary is $55,698, median salary is $58,240 with a salary range from $29,120 to $72,800. Aircraft Engineer salaries are collected from government agencies and companies. Each salary is associated with a real job position", "Average Aircraft Maintenance Engineer salaries for job postings in United States are the same as average Aircraft Maintenance Engineer salaries for job postings nationwide. ", "For Aerospace Engineers, comfortable salaries can be found at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company; in fact, average earnings are around $113K, the highest in the area, though the difference in the company's lowest and highest employee paychecks ($60K versus $180K) is great. Becoming an Aviation and Aerospace Project Engineer is, more often than not, the most common role that Aerospace Engineers move into when they're ready for the next step in their career. The average salary for the position is $81K.", "Qualifications. In 2011, salaries for aerospace engineers could top $147,810 per year or $71.06 per hour. They could also fall to less than $65,310 per year or $31.40 per hour. To earn this range, engineers need a minimum bachelor’s degree in aerospace engineering or a related subject. The best opportunities will go to those who know about modeling, simulation, robotics and collaborative engineering tools. In 2011, salaries for aerospace engineers could top $147,810 per year or $71.06 per hour. They could also fall to less than $65,310 per year or $31.40 per hour.", "The 79,400 aerospace engineers in the U.S. averaged $103,870 per year or $49.94 per hour, as of May 2011, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The agency predicts jobs for the profession will increase by 5 percent from 2010 to 2020. The best opportunities will go to those who know about modeling, simulation, robotics and collaborative engineering tools. In 2011, salaries for aerospace engineers could top $147,810 per year or $71.06 per hour. They could also fall to less than $65,310 per year or $31.40 per hour.", "Average Aerospace Engineer salaries for job postings in United States are the same as average Aerospace Engineer salaries for job postings nationwide. ", "The average Aerospace Engineer in the United States can expect to rake in roughly $78K per year. In the world of Aerospace Engineers, overall income ranges from $58K near the bottom to $123K at the top; this can include more than $8K from bonuses and more than $10K from profit sharing in exceptional cases. Becoming an Aviation and Aerospace Project Engineer is, more often than not, the most common role that Aerospace Engineers move into when they're ready for the next step in their career. The average salary for the position is $81K.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Aerospace Engineer I in the United States is $69,297, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Aerospace Engineer I in the United States are expected to make less than $69,297. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus. 3 Benefits. Our team of Certified Compensation Professionals has analyzed survey data collected from thousands of HR departments at companies of all sizes and industries to present this range of annual salaries for people with the job title Aerospace Engineer I in the United States." ], "url": [ "http://www.salarylist.com/jobs/Aircraft-Engineer-Salary.htm", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Aircraft-Maintenance-Engineer-l-United-States.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Aerospace_Engineer/Salary", "http://work.chron.com/annual-salary-aeronautical-aerospace-engineering-7852.html", "http://work.chron.com/annual-salary-aeronautical-aerospace-engineering-7852.html", "http://www.indeed.com/salary/q-Aerospace-Engineer-l-UNITED-STATES.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Aerospace_Engineer/Salary", "http://www1.salary.com/Aerospace-Engineer-I-salary.html" ] }

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[ "Pronounced as N-erS IY-Saa- †." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "[ 3 syll. nar-ci-sa, na-rc-isa ] The baby girl name Narcisa is pronounced as N-erS IY-Saa- †. Narcisa is mainly used in the Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian languages. It is of Old Greek origin. Narcisa is a variant spelling of the English name Narcissa. Narcisa is a rare baby girl name. It is not ranked within the top 1000. Baby names that sound like Narcisa include Naiara (Basque and Spanish), Narcessa, Narcisah, Narcissa (English), Narcissah, Narcissus, Narcysa, Narcyssa, Naresha (Indian), Nariko (Japanese), Narisa (English), Narissa (English), Narkeasha, Narkissa, Naroa, Naryssa, Nearja, Neera, Neerja, and Neerjah.", "Greek Meaning: The name Narcissa is a Greek baby name. In Greek the meaning of the name Narcissa is: Daffodil. SoulUrge Number: 11. Expression Number: 3. People with this name have a deep inner desire to inspire others in a higher cause, and to share their own strongly held views on spiritual matters. People with this name tend to be creative and excellent at expressing themselves. They are drawn to the arts, and often enjoy life immensely. They are often the center of attention, and enjoy careers that put them in the limelight", "Please try again later. Audio and video pronunciation of Narcisa brought to you by Pronounce Names (http://www.PronounceNames.com), a website dedicated to helping people pronounce names correctly. For more information about this name, such as gender, origin, etc., go to http://www.PronounceNames.com/Narcisa. 1 Education. ", "Forms of the name include Narcessa, Narcisah, Narcissah, Narcisse, Narcissus, Narcysa, Narcyssa, Nargis, Nargiss, Nargisse, Nargys, Nargysse, Narissa, Narkissa, Naryss, and Nergis. The spelling variant Narcisa (Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian) is a foreign form. Narcissa is not popular as a baby girl name. It is not in the top 1000 names. Baby names that sound like Narcissa include Naiara, Narcessa, Narcisa, Narcisah, Narcissah, Narcissus, Narcysa, Narcyssa, Naresha, Nariko, Narisa, Narissa, Narkeasha, Narkissa, Naroa, Naryssa, Nearja, Neera, Neerja, and Neerjah. Narcissa's language of origin is Old Greek and it is predominantly used in English. It is derived from the word narke with the meaning 'numbness, sleep'. The generic name has been used in Greek mythology. Narcissa is the feminine equivalent of the English Narcissus", "Narcissa /nar-cis-sa/ [3 sylls.] as a girls' name is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Narcissa is daffodil. Feminine of Narcisse, which comes from the legend of the beautiful Greek youth who became enamored of his own reflection-hence narcissism. Kreatif forms: Nancissa, Narciscy, Narcisla. [ more ]. Narcissa is an uncommon first name for females. Narcissa is an equally unique last name for both adults and children. (2000 U.S. Census). Presented below is the birth name popularity of Narcissa for girls. Narcissa has not been recorded in the list so far" ], "url": [ "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Narcisa", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/narcissa", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-lzyNFBxdc", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Narcissa", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/0/Narcissa" ] }

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[ "29 lbs" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: heaviest baby ever was 29 lbs 4 oz. The birth occurred in Effingham IL (USA) in 1939 baby died two hours later. The heaviest babies to survive weighed 22.5 lbs and were born in 1955 and 1982. Source(s): The Guinness Book of World Records.", "Where. United States Englewood. When. The heaviest triplets at birth (current) are Evan Patrick, Aiden Cole and Lilly Kathryn (all USA), who had a combined weight of 10.33 kg (22 lb 12.6 oz) and were born to Michelle Lee Wilson on 29 July 2003 at Englewood, Colorado, USA.", "Maxime Marin gives birth in Spain to daughter Maria Lorena, at 13lb 7oz that country's heaviest ever natural birth. Maria Lorena Marin, Spain's biggest ever baby, soon after her birth to British mother Maxime Marin in Marina Salud hospital, Denia. Photograph: EPA/Marina Salud hospital.", "The heaviest baby ever was born in the US in 1879: 23 pounds, 12 ounces (10.7 kg), but he died 11 hours after being born, as too much or too little above/below the average value decreases fitness. The heaviest baby also to survive was born in 1955 in Italy: 22 pounds, 8 ounces (10.15 kg) at birth.", "Best Answer: For combined twin weights..... The heaviest birth weight born to Mrs. J.P. Haskin of Arkansas, on February 20 1924, totallying 27 lbs 12ozs. A set born in England, the Warren's weighed a total of 25lbs 8 ozs at their birth on December 6 1884." ], "url": [ "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061005133204AA1mZZy", "http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/heaviest-triplets-at-birth-living", "http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/aug/08/british-mother-biggest-baby-record", "http://news.softpedia.com/news/Record-Breaking-Birth-Weight-Twins-69274.shtml", "https://au.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071229011217AAAx2G4" ] }

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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Home Heating System. If you are considering installing a central heating and air-conditioning system when you don't have one in your house, plan on spending several thousand dollars for the complete system. The size of the system determines the labor hours involved to build the system. To outfit a house with the ductwork and vents can cost as much as the brand new furnace or more when you consider installation fees upwards of $50 per hour", "A large chunk of your household budget goes to heating and cooling your home. That cost only goes up when your home heating system doesn't work right or it breaks down. The cost to replace your home heating system won't be cheap either, but some contractors offer payment plans if you need help. Another place to look for help is your utility company; sometimes they offer rebates when you replace outworn equipment with an energy-star compliant system. If you are considering installing a central heating and air-conditioning system when you don't have one in your house, plan on spending several thousand dollars for the complete system. The size of the system determines the labor hours involved to build the system.", "If you're talking about installing a whole house heating system in a house that has baseboard heaters, that could be very expensive, and would probably easily exceed $5,000 if not $10,000. You'd need to get bids because it would be entirely dependent on the house and the type of system you were going to install. It's hard to guess how much it might cost to put in a whole heating system, since different companies will charge differently and it will depend on what part of the country you're in. I would call around to a few different companies to ask for estimates.", "Hollie Trues, , San Francisco, CA. It's hard to guess how much it might cost to put in a whole heating system, since different companies will charge differently and it will depend on what part of the country you're in. I would call around to a few different companies to ask for estimates.", "This is around double the cost of a conventional heating, cooling, and hot water system, but geothermal heating/cooling systems can reduce utility bills by 40% to 60%. The payback for a system can range from 2-10 years, while the lifetime of a system can be 18-23 years, almost double a conventional system. Before installing any new heating or cooling system in a home, it is necessary to re evaluate and reduce the energy load of the home. A more energy efficient home will not only reduce the cost of a new system and utility bills, but it will greatly improve the comfort of your home.", "1 Replacing aging, leaking or inadequate ductwork typically costs about $35-$55 a linear foot for labor and materials, or $1,000 -$5,000 or more for a single-family home, depending on the length and type of ducts. 2 Older ductwork might contain asbestos, creating unpredictable additional costs for asbestos removal. What should be included: 1 Installing a standard boiler (80%-85% annual fuel utilization efficiency) typically costs about $2,500-$5,000 for a gas-fired model and $3,000-$6,500 for an oil-fired unit (generally used in areas without municipal gas lines).", "Geothermal heating system price varies depending on the type of loop system, usually either vertical or horizontal. On average, a typical home of 2500 square feet, with a heating load of 60,000 BTU and a cooling load of 60,000 BTU will cost between $20,000 to $25,000 to install. Before installing any new heating or cooling system in a home, it is necessary to re evaluate and reduce the energy load of the home. A more energy efficient home will not only reduce the cost of a new system and utility bills, but it will greatly improve the comfort of your home.", "An average home needs 3 tons of heating capacity, and the average cost of a geothermal system is at least $2,500 per ton of capacity. Generally, for each ton of capacity, air source heat pumps are about $3,000 less to install than geothermal heat pumps. ", "Other Heating & Cooling System Factors. 1 Geothermal heating & cooling ($4,500 - $6,000) : Considered an eco-friendly heating and cooling option, these systems use energy in the earth to pump heat into a home. 2 It uses equipment that goes into the earth's crust and pulls heat out into a home. 1" ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/much-cost-replace-home-heating-system-66680.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/much-cost-replace-home-heating-system-66680.html", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Home_Buying/How_much_does_it_normally_cost_to_have_an_entire_h-485798", "http://www.trulia.com/voices/Home_Buying/How_much_does_it_normally_cost_to_have_an_entire_h-485798", "http://energyhomes.org/renewable%20technology/geoinstallation.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/boiler.html", "http://energyhomes.org/renewable%20technology/geoinstallation.html", "http://www.qualitysmith.com/request/articles/articles-hvac/geothermal-heat-pump-cost/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/heating-and-cooling/" ] }

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[ "V1" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The primary visual cortex, V1, is the koniocortex (sensory type) located in and around the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe. It is the one that receives information directly from the lateral geniculate nucleus .To this have been added later as many as thirty interconnected (secondary or tertiary) visual areas. Research on the primary visual cortex can involve recording action potentials from electrodes within the brain of cats, ferrets, mice, or monkeys, or through recording intrinsic optical signals from animals or fMRI signals from human and monkey V1.", "The visual cortex of the brain is the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information. This article addresses the ventral/dorsal model of the visual cortex. Another model for the perceptual/conceptual neuropsychological model of the visual cortex was studied by Raftopolous. The primary visual cortex is the best-studied visual area in the brain. In all mammals studied, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital cortex (the occipital cortex is responsible for processing visual stimuli).", "The primary (parts of the cortex that receive sensory inputs from the thalamus) visual cortex is also known as V1, V isual area one, and the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas two (V2), three (V3), four (V4), and five (V5). The primary visual cortex is the best-studied visual area in the brain. In all mammals studied, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital cortex (the occipital cortex is responsible for processing visual stimuli).", "Damage to the primary visual cortex, which is located on the surface of the posterior occipital lobe, can cause blindness due to the holes in the visual map on the surface of the visual cortex that resulted from the lesions. A significant functional aspect of the occipital lobe is that it contains the primary visual cortex. Retinal sensors convey stimuli through the optic tracts to the lateral geniculate bodies, where optic radiations continue to the", "The occipital lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The primary visual cortex is Brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one). A significant functional aspect of the occipital lobe is that it contains the primary visual cortex. Retinal sensors convey stimuli through the optic tracts to the lateral geniculate bodies, where optic radiations continue to", "Primary visual cortex (V1) Edit. The primary visual cortex is the best studied visual area in the brain. Like that of all mammals studied, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital cortex (the occipital cortex is responsible for processing visual stimuli). It is the simplest, earliest cortical visual area. Research on the primary visual cortex can involve recording action potentials from electrodes within the brain of cats, ferrets, mice, or monkeys, or through recording intrinsic optical signals from animals or fMRI signals from human and monkey V1.", "The visual cortex is made up of Brodmann area 17 (the primary visual cortex), and Brodmann areas 18 and 19, the extrastriate cortical areas. The primary visual cortex is the best-studied visual area in the brain. In all mammals studied, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital cortex (the occipital cortex is responsible for processing visual stimuli).", "Called also first visual area. visual cortex the area of the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex concerned with vision; the striate cortex is also called the first visual area, and the adjacent second and third visual areas serve as its association areas. Area 17 (which is also called the striate cortex or area because the line of Gennari is grossly visible on its surface) is the primary visual cortex, receiving the visual radiation from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus.", "However, only in the primary visual cortex (V1) can this band be seen with the naked eye as the line of Gennari (#6282, #8987). In fact, the term striate (striped) cortex is another name for primary visual cortex. Primary visual cortex is also referred to as either calcarine cortex or Brodmann’s area 17. Adjacent to primary visual cortex (V1) are the visual association cortical areas, including V2 and V3 (= area 18, or 18 & 19, depending on the author) (#4350). Lesions of V1, V2 and V3 produce identical visual field defects. Beyond V3, visual information is processed along two functionally different pathways." ], "url": [ "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Visual_cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_lobe", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_lobe", "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Visual_cortex", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Primary+visual+cortex", "http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus7.html" ] }

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[ "A registrar is an official in an academic institution (consisting of a college, university, or secondary school) who handles student records." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Welcome to the Office of the Registrar at the University of New Orleans. Class Schedule The courses offered at UNO for a specific semester are listed here. Academic CalendarNever miss a deadline. Add and drop dates, final exams and more. The Registrar's Office houses and maintains all academic records pertaining to our students and alumni", "The Registrar's Office works with the Office of the President and many other UCF departments to coordinate the commencement ceremonies. The office prepares the Commencement Program and is responsible for the Commencement website. The Registrar's Office manages the official Academic Calendar, which contains the dates and times for all registration periods, application deadlines, holidays, special events, and more.", "Tweet. The Mission Statement for the Registrar's Office directly supports the three main divisions of the University of Kentucky's mission-teaching, research, and service. First, the Registrar's Office has goals aimed at supporting the instructional mission for undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate, professional, and lifelong education. Second, we support research efforts through Data Management.", "A registrar is an official keeper of records made in a register. ", "Welcome to the Registrar's Office. The new Graduation Application is now available for undergraduates expecting to graduate Fall 2015. Detailed instructions on how to apply are available here. The deadline to submit an application is October 22. ", "Office of the Registrar. The primary function of the Registrar’s Office is...registration for classes! And if you are here for that purpose, go to myLipscomb. That’s where it’s done.", "Welcome to the Office of the Registrar. We provide academic and enrollment services for the Purdue community. Everything we do — including managing student records and coordinating course information— supports the University’s mission of moving the world forward. ", "In short, any and all administrative work is done through the office of the registrar, and you will become familiar with the registrar’s office very quickly. At most schools there is one official registrar and then a fully staffed office to help with the laundry list of duties. As a student you will likely interact with mostly the staff and the registrar only on special occasions. Photo: Thinkstock. Even before you arrive at your school you will begin hearing of the all-powerful registrar. The college registrar takes care of everything from class schedules to financial aid. Because the registrar plays such an important role in college life, it’s wise to learn more about the person and her office.", "A registrar is an official in an academic institution (consisting of a college, university, or secondary school) who handles student records. " ], "url": [ "http://www.uno.edu/registrar/", "http://registrar.ucf.edu/", "http://www.uky.edu/registrar/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registrar", "http://www.reg.uga.edu/", "http://www.lipscomb.edu/registrar", "http://www.purdue.edu/registrar/", "http://www.campusexplorer.com/college-advice-tips/D4193496/What-Is-the-College-Registrar/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registrar_(education)" ] }

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[ "Malaria" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Malaria Parasites. Malaria parasites are micro-organisms that belong to the genus Plasmodium. There are more than 100 species of Plasmodium, which can infect many animal species such as reptiles, birds, and various mammals. Four species of Plasmodium have long been recognized to infect humans in nature. ", "Malaria Cause. Malaria is caused by a single-celled parasite from the genus Plasmodium. More than 100 different species of Plasmodium exist. They produce malaria in many types of animals and birds, as well as in humans. Four species of Plasmodium commonly infect humans. ", "Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganism) belonging to the genus Plasmodium. In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%).", "Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite that causes an infectious disease known as malaria. P. falciparum is the most severe strain of the malaria species correlated with almost every malarial death. [1] The other 3 species that cause malaria include: P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. ", "Malaria is caused by the plasmodium parasite. The parasite can be spread to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. There are many different types of plasmodium parasite, but only five types cause malaria in humans. These are: 1 Plasmodium falciparum – mainly found in Africa, it is the most common type of malaria parasite and is responsible for most malaria deaths worldwide. 2 Plasmodium vivax – mainly found in Asia and South America.", "Cause. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium. Human malaria is caused by four different species of Plasmodium: P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. Humans occasionally become infected with Plasmodium species that normally infect animals, such as P. knowlesi.", "The most common forms of human malaria are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. knowlesi, and P. malariae. P. falciparum, common in sub-Saharan Africa, and P. knowlesi, common in Southeast Asia, are especially dangerous. Plasmodium, commonly known as the malaria parasite, is a large genus of parasitic protozoa. As with some other genera of clinically important microorganisms, the genus name also yields a common noun; thus species of the genus are known as plasmodia.", "Malaria parasites belong to the genus Plasmodium (phylum Apicomplexa). In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%)." ], "url": [ "http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/parasites.html", "http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/Malaria/understandingMalaria/Pages/cause.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria", "https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Plasmodium_falciparum", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Malaria/Pages/Causes.aspx", "http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria" ] }

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[ "Chemicals and their use in cosmetics, detergents and clothing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sensitive skin-identifying symptoms and causes. Besides the fact that simple causes often have major consequences for the skin, cosmetic practices are also confronted with complex issues when it comes to sensitive skin.", "Sensitive skin is a lay term rather than a medical diagnosis. It is generally used to describe skin with reduced tolerance to the application of cosmetics and personal care products. In surveys, approximately 50% of women and 40% of men may report having sensitive skin.", "Many people say they have sensitive skin because skin care products, or household products that contact their skin, cause stinging, burning, redness, or tightness. Or they say they have it because even though they have no visible effects after contact with a product, it always makes their skin feel uncomfortable.", "Changes in the weather don’t just affect your wardrobe; they affect your skin too, especially when it’s colder. In winter, the cooler air combined with central heating (and moving between the two) can cause skin to become dehydrated and potentially more sensitive. This is why your lips tend to become sorer in winter.", "In addition to underlying medical causes, sensitive skin can also be caused by severely damaged skin or a reaction to sun or wind exposure [source: WebMD ]. Ingredients in the skin care products you use can also cause skin sensitivity. Keep reading to learn more about these irritants.", "causes of skin sensitivity . On the other hand there may not be apparent damage or reaction on the skin but it may be touch sensitive, having painful tingling sensation and pinprick sensation. The cause of this could be due to presence of chemicals and their use in cosmetics, detergents and clothing.", "You might have accepted your irritated skin as a part of life, but sensitive skin has a few easily treatable causes. Rosacea is one common culprit of sensitive skin. This chronic disease manifests in small, pus-filled red bumps on the face, and the condition can vary in severity.", "Causes. There are many possible causes of skin that is sensitive to touch, and it may range from simple sunburn to a serious disease. Here are the possible causes: 1 Overexposure to the sun-This causes a first degree to second degree burn that makes your skin sensitive to light touch." ], "url": [ "http://www.dermaviduals.com/english/publications/skin-diagnosis/sensitive-skin-identifying-symptoms-and-causes.html", "http://www.dermnetnz.org/reactions/sensitive-skin.html", "http://www.webmd.com/beauty/skin/sensitive-skin-20-questions", "http://www.simpleskincare.com/know-your-skin/is-your-skin-sensitive/what-causes-skin-sensitivity.html", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/skin-types/sensitive-skin1.htm", "http://dynamicnaturesite.blogspot.com/2009/11/skin-sensitive-to-touch-tender-skin.html", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/skin-types/sensitive-skin1.htm", "http://www.medguidance.com/thread/Skin-Sensitive-to-Touch.html" ] }

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[ "$600" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 On average, a sofa bed can cost anywhere from $150 for a lower end model to as high as $1,400 for a deluxe bed. 2 The popular Handy Living CAC4 on Amazon retails for $360 to $450. 3 For instance, Target sells a variety of sofa beds that come in different designs, sizes, and functions. A sofa bed is a piece of furniture with a dual purpose. First, a sofa bed acts like a couch on which up to three people can sit. This couch will have cushions like any couch, but will not have the traditional springs underneath.", "1 Just like any piece of furniture, the costs will come down to the brand, the quality of the material, and the store selling it. 2 On average, a sofa bed can cost anywhere from $150 for a lower end model to as high as $1,400 for a deluxe bed. 3 The popular Handy Living CAC4 on Amazon retails for $360 to $450. A sofa bed is a piece of furniture with a dual purpose. First, a sofa bed acts like a couch on which up to three people can sit. This couch will have cushions like any couch, but will not have the traditional springs underneath.", "1 According to ReedUpholstery.com, the cost of reupholstery of a couch varies greatly based on the size and design, but on the average, cost ranges from $600 for an open-arm couch of about 70″ to 85″ in size and can go up to $990 for a closed-arm couch of the same size. 1 For the costs of couch cleaning, see “How Much is Couch Cleaning.”. 2 Couch cover. 3 There are simple covers that you can buy to place over the existing fabric of the couch. 4 These covers come in a variety of sizes, colors, and designs.", "1 The material is another important basis for computation of cost. 2 The material is usually computed by yard. 3 A couch on average uses from 18 to 22 yards of fabric. 4 Some fabrics cost as low as $15 per yard to as high as $180 for fabrics made of silk and wools. 1 For the costs of couch cleaning, see “How Much is Couch Cleaning.”. 2 Couch cover. 3 There are simple covers that you can buy to place over the existing fabric of the couch. 4 These covers come in a variety of sizes, colors, and designs.", "Existing condition. Overall, the cost to upholster furniture will depend on the size and type of furniture as well as the fabric you choose. If you have children or pets, then investing in a stain resistant fabric will be worth the cost. Paying a lot for a silk cover might not be smart if it's just going to get ruined. ", "Labor averages between $700 and $1,200, for a total cost of $1,200 for a small two-cushion sofa, up to $3,000 or more for a large sofa. The cost can rise if you decide to replace the stuffing in cushions, especially if you choose a pricey option like down feathers. Total Cost. The total cost of reupholstering a couch includes fabric, supplies and labor. It varies depending on the size and style of the couch as well as the price of the fabric, which can range from about $11 to $40 per yard.", "1 A couch on average uses from 18 to 22 yards of fabric. 2 Some fabrics cost as low as $15 per yard to as high as $180 for fabrics made of silk and wools. 3 Labor charges vary according to location and if the person doing it is a novice or professional for the job. 1 For the costs of couch cleaning, see “How Much is Couch Cleaning.”. 2 Couch cover. 3 There are simple covers that you can buy to place over the existing fabric of the couch. 4 These covers come in a variety of sizes, colors, and designs.", "1 A couch that is not in good working condition would definitely need more time and more effort to rebuild. 2 The material is another important basis for computation of cost. 3 The material is usually computed by yard. 4 A couch on average uses from 18 to 22 yards of fabric. 1 For the costs of couch cleaning, see “How Much is Couch Cleaning.”. 2 Couch cover. 3 There are simple covers that you can buy to place over the existing fabric of the couch. 4 These covers come in a variety of sizes, colors, and designs.", "The averagae cost of a leather sofa or couch will vary according to make and size. Shipping is an additional cost but often it is free for orders over a set amount. A basic three-seater black leather sofa can range from $620 to $750. At the high end a contemporary chaise sectional sofa is $2,739 and a tufted Chesterfield leather set is $2,589. Mid-range sofa sets range between $1,370 and $1,580" ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-a-sofa-bed-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-a-sofa-bed-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/couch-reupholstery-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/couch-reupholstery-cost/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/home-design-and-decor/upholster-furniture/", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/average-cost-reupholster-couch-86214.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/couch-reupholstery-cost/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/couch-reupholstery-cost/", "http://www.kaycircle.com/What-is-the-Average-Cost-of-a-Leather-Couch-Sofa-Average-Leather-Couch-Price" ] }

[]

[ "50 feet" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Perhaps the second most planted ornamental pear is the Manchurian (Pyrus ussuriensis), also referred to as the Chinese pear. This tree had the misfortune of being confused with the Bradford following a mix up in labeling in Australia that lasted until 1999.", "Overview. Selected in landscaping for its profusion of fragrant, white flowers, the ornamental pear is part of the Rosaceae family and is an evergreen shrub or tree. These trees are not particular about soil but do require regular watering and full sun. USDA growing zones vary by species.", "Culture. Ornamental pear trees grow best under full sun. Two cultivars, Redspire and Capital, can take full sun or partial shade. All grow in a wide range of soil types and pH levels, and, though they favor moist soil, will tolerate hot and dry conditions.", "In addition to its value as an ornamental, the flowering pear tree is useful as a screen, providing your home and yard with both privacy and moderate to dense shade. The ornamental pear and its cultivars, Redspire and Aristocrat are the tallest of the flowering trees, reaching up to 50 feet high. Fauer is the smallest at a diminutive 20 feet tall. The Capital variety is in between, reaching up to 35 feet in height.", "In recent years, ornamental pear trees have been very popular in Australian gardens. A favourite in cool climate areas is the beautiful Manchurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), with its heart-shaped leaves, scented white flowers and spectacular autumn colour.", "However, the Manchurian pear can grow to around 20m (60′) tall and 10m (30′) wide. These days, available space in backyards is taken up by pools, spas, barbecues, outdoor settings and play areas for the children, so there isn’t much room left for big trees." ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/root-system-ornamental-pear-tree-58869.html", "http://www.gardenguides.com/91141-ornamental-pear-trees.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/ornamental-pear-tree-characteristics-57532.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/ornamental-pear-tree-characteristics-57532.html", "http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/fact-sheets/in-the-garden/flowering-plants-shrubs/new-ornamental-pears/", "http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/fact-sheets/in-the-garden/flowering-plants-shrubs/new-ornamental-pears/" ] }

[]

[ "No" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It becomes essential to choose the right kind of seafood in order to avoid the threat of the same. You can avoid fish like shark, tilefish, swordfish, marlin and King mackerel during pregnancy period. On the other hand, calamari is an excellent form of seafood that can be incorporated into your daily diet. You can safely eat five ounce portions of calamari every week.", "Dietician and nutritionist. Many fish and shellfish are safe and healthy to eat in pregnancy, provided that they are properly cooked. However, it is recommended that you avoid some fish and seafood because they have a high risk of contamination or they are high in mercury.", "Calamari supplies many of the key nutrients you need to support a healthy pregnancy. A 3-ounce serving of calamari provides 15.25 grams of protein, a nutrient that is essential for the formation of your unborn baby's cells. The same serving of calamari contains 0.86 milligrams of iron and 1.48 milligrams of zinc.", "Fish Safe to Eat When Pregnant. It is safe for pregnant and nursing mothers to eat up to 12 ounces a week of fish and shellfish that are low in mercury, according to the EPA and FDA.", "When you're eating for two, it's essential to choose nutritious foods that support a healthy pregnancy. Certain foods aren't safe to eat while you're pregnant, but you can include calamari in your healthy pregnancy diet. Calamari supplies many of the nutrients your growing baby needs but isn't contaminated with large amounts of mercury, which is a concern during", "Seafood is vital for a healthy lifestyle, but choosing seafood during pregnancy can get confusing, as they may be contaminated with mercury. It is said to be dangerous during pregnancy, as it directly impacts the development of baby’s central nervous system.", "Calamari and Mercury. According to the American Pregnancy Association, you can safely eat two 6-ounce portions of calamari each week. You'll get a generous dose of nutrition while keeping your mercury intake low. Other low-mercury choices include shrimp, crab, flounder, haddock, salmon, trout, scallops and whitefish." ], "url": [ "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/is-it-safe-to-eat-calamari-during-pregnancy_0088412/", "http://www.babycenter.com.au/x536398/is-it-safe-to-eat-seafood-during-pregnancy", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/can-eat-calamari-pregnant-2679.html", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/371144-can-you-eat-calamari-when-youre-pregnant/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/can-eat-calamari-pregnant-2679.html", "http://www.momjunction.com/articles/is-it-safe-to-eat-calamari-during-pregnancy_0088412/", "http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/can-eat-calamari-pregnant-2679.html" ] }

[]

[ "Burrowing owl" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "There aren't many birds or mammals that prey on the Great Horned Owl, but it does have its threats. Like most species, man plays a role in threatening the population of Great Horned owls. Loss of habitat through urban sprawl decreases the owl’s nesting and hunting territories.", "They are federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act which protects all native species (not birds like starlings, English House Sparrows or common Rock Doves).", "The burrowing owl is federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States, Canada and Mexico.", "1 Great horned owls primarily eat small mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and rodents. 2 They also eat a variety of birds, including quail, ducks, and smaller owl species. 3 To a lesser extent, great horned owls eat reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects.", "LEGAL STATUS/PROTECTION: The burrowing owl is federally protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Burrowing Owls are listed as Endangered in Canada and Threatened in Mexico.", "Food and Feeding Habits. 1 Great horned owls primarily eat small mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and rodents. 2 They also eat a variety of birds, including quail, ducks, and smaller owl species. 3 To a lesser extent, great horned owls eat reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects.", "Yes.All owls and other birds of prey are protected by law.It is illegal to hunt them,or even to possess one.Should you come across an injured bird,call your local wildlife people,they will know what to do.", "The federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act protects woodpeckers, swallows, owls, and robins. Any permit to lethally control these species would be issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and only in extreme situations. See WDFW's Living with Wildlife fact sheets for more information about these species." ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/indiana/journeywithnature/the-great-horned-owl.xml", "http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Birds/Are-Owls-a-protected-species-of-bird-/show/1721340", "http://burrowingowlconservation.org/burrowing_owl_facts/", "http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/owls.html", "http://burrowingowlconservation.org/burrowing_owl_facts/", "http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/owls.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Are_the_Burrowing_Owls_legally_protected", "http://wdfw.wa.gov/help/questions/27/Can+I+legally+kill+such+protected+wildlife+as+woodpeckers%2C+swallows%2C+owls%2C+or+robins+if+they+are+causing+damage+to+my+house%3F" ] }

[]

[ "6 weeks " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pterygium Post Surgery Over 963 days ago! After one year my eye is still 100% healed, I am so happy that I had the surgery. It was 6 years of waiting for my doctor to give the okay to have the excision. He stated at the time I was still too young to have the surgery. At the first diagnosis in 2006 I was 34 years old.", "How long will I need to use eye drops after the surgery? You will be on intensive drops (every 2 hours while you are awake) for three weeks and then for a further 6 weeks at 4 times a day. In a small proportion of patients the steroid drops can raise the pressure in the eye which can lead to glaucoma.", "A Daily Journal Post Pterygium Surgery Day 1-9. The day finally came for my operation, after years of waiting on January 27, 2011 I finally had surgery. Three days prior to my surgery I had to use some antibiotic drops and wipes to prepare my eye for surgery. I have included post operation pictures for the first week. I will add more pictures in the future.", "Pterygium removal surgery eliminates the abnormal tissue from the cornea and sclera (white of the eye). The older, standard surgical technique left a bare hole in the conjunctiva (the surface of the eye) where the pterygium was removed. Unfortunately, this led to a high rate of pterygium regrowth.", "Surgery is minimally invasive and takes roughly 20-30 minutes. The pterygium is first carefully peeled, then a tissue graft is harvested from beneath your upper eyelid and placed over the removal site to reduce the chance of recurrence. The graft is usually secured with tissue glue and rarely needs sutures.", "I don’t like the look of my pterygium. If there is no recurrence, it is highly likely that within 6 months after the surgery, you will probably not be able to tell which eye has had surgery. If this surgery is on a pterygium that has already been removed, the cosmetic result may not be as good.", "Pterygium surgery typically takes 30 to 45 minutes. After surgery, patients usually need to wear an eye patch for a day or two. But they can return to work or normal activities (avoiding swimming and eye rubbing) after a few days." ], "url": [ "http://pterygiumrecovery.blogspot.com/", "http://pterygium.info/en/surgery/faq/", "http://pterygiumrecovery.blogspot.com/2012/02/pterygium-surgery-post-operation.html", "https://www.clearvieweyes.com/pterygium/surgery-expectations", "http://mccarthyeye.com/services/pterygium-surgery/", "http://pterygium.info/en/surgery/faq/", "http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/pterygium-surfers-eye?page=2" ] }

[]

[ "Scurvy" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Deficiency, or a lack, of vitamin C in your body happens because of a lack of sufficient amounts of vitamin C in your diet. Over time, a lack of vitamin C means that new collagen cannot be formed. This causes various tissues in your body to start to break down and the health and repair of your body become affected. Symptoms of scurvy include easy bruising, easy bleeding and joint and muscle pains. Vitamin C deficiency can be treated with supplements of vitamin C and a diet rich in vitamin C. Vitamins are a group of substances needed in small amounts by the body to maintain health. Vitamin C is also called ascorbic aci", "Today, vitamin C deficiency and scurvy are rare in developed countries [ 8 ]. Overt deficiency symptoms occur only if vitamin C intake falls below approximately 10 mg/day for many weeks [ 5-8, 21, 22 ]. Vitamin C deficiency is uncommon in developed countries but can still occur in people with limited food variety. The total body content of vitamin C ranges from 300 mg (at near scurvy) to about 2 g [ 4 ]. High levels of vitamin C (millimolar concentrations) are maintained in cells and tissues, and are highest in leukocytes (white blood cells), eyes, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and brain.", "While today scurvy is known to be caused by a nutritional deficiency, until the isolation of vitamin C and direct evidence of its link to scurvy in 1932, numerous theories and treatments were proposed, often on little or no experimental data. In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow, a British physician who described it in 1883. However, Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse.", "If your diet is lacking in certain vitamins, vitamin deficiency anemia can develop. Or vitamin deficiency anemia may develop because your body can't properly absorb the nutrients from the foods you eat. Causes of vitamin deficiency anemias, also known as megaloblastic anemias, include: 1 Vitamin C deficiency anemia. 2 Vitamin C deficiency can develop if you don't get enough vitamin C from the foods you eat. 3 Vitamin C deficiency is also possible if something impairs your ability to absorb vitamin C from food. 4 For instance, smoking impairs your body's ability to absorb vitamin C.", "1 Vitamin C deficiency can develop if you don't get enough vitamin C from the foods you eat. 2 Vitamin C deficiency is also possible if something impairs your ability to absorb vitamin C from food. 3 For instance, smoking impairs your body's ability to absorb vitamin C. 1 Vitamin C deficiency anemia. 2 Vitamin C deficiency can develop if you don't get enough vitamin C from the foods you eat. 3 Vitamin C deficiency is also possible if something impairs your ability to absorb vitamin C from food. 4", "Since only 10 mg of vitamin C is needed daily to prevent scurvy, the disease is rarely seen today. Even without signs of scurvy, a low intake of vitamin C can compromise many body functions, including the ability to rid the body of cholesterol and the immune system's ability to fight off infection and disease. The RDA for vitamin C is 75 mg daily for women and 90 mg for men, with an additional 10 mg for pregnant women and an additional 45 mg for women who are breast-feeding. The RDAs now indicate that smokers need at least 100 mg of vitamin C a day.", "Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C. Scurvy often presents initially with fatigue, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. In infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow's disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow, a British physician who described it in 1883. However, Barlow's disease may also refer to mitral valve prolapse.", "Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia). Vitamin B-12 deficiency can result from a diet lacking in vitamin B-12, which is found mainly in meat, eggs and milk. Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia can also occur if your small intestine can't absorb vitamin B-12. 1 Vitamin C deficiency anemia. 2 Vitamin C deficiency can develop if you don't get enough vitamin C from the foods you eat. 3 Vitamin C deficiency is also possible if something impairs your ability to absorb vitamin C from food. 4 For instance, smoking impairs your body's ability to absorb vitamin C" ], "url": [ "http://patient.info/health/vitamin-c-deficiency-leaflet", "http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/basics/causes/con-20019550", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/basics/causes/con-20019550", "http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/food-nutrition/vitamin-supplements/vitamin-c-deficiency.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vitamin-deficiency-anemia/basics/causes/con-20019550" ] }

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[]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The League of Legends wiki maintains a list of all skins, with categories for different sets of promo / limited run skins. It may be helpful for you. The official League of Legends forums has a stickied thread with a detailed listing of all champion skins. Link Here. On this list, you want to look for skins that are denoted as either Limited or Legacy", "Hey Summoners, Welcome to patch 4.20, the first patch of the 2015 preseason and one of our biggest updates for League of Legends to date. Whew. The big theme of the 2015 preseason (and boy will you hear this a lot) is Strategic Diversity. Second note-you're going to see a stat called growth stat in these champion patch notes rather than per-level stats. The reason is due to some complicated math we're rolling out regarding base stats and stats per level, all of which you can read about here..", "Trendee, I'll try to list all of the rare and promotional skins. Source-All Champion Skins. ---- Two skins you can get fairly easily right now: Unchained Alistar-Subscribe to Riot Games' YouTube channel. Riot Girl Tristana - Like on Facebook. The official League of Legends forums has a stickied thread with a detailed listing of all champion skins. Link Here. On this list, you want to look for skins that are denoted as either Limited or Legacy", "1 Azir is the exception, as he starts with 1 point in Arise! and has 2 points to spend. 2 There are only two turrets protecting the inhibitor inhibitor. 3 There is a global aura that reduces all outgoing heals by 50%, gives experience over time, and 0. % 4 of maximum mana per second. The new features added for the ARAM game mode when the map was reworked into Howling Abyss – such as Shopkeepers, critters that give away nearby enemies, and the future addition of the Mark / Dash summoner spell – do no have equivalents on Proving Grounds.", "Whether you're looking for reveal articles for older champions, or the first time that Rammus rolled into an OK thread, or anything in between, you can find it here. When you're finished, check out Boards to join in the latest League of Legends discussions. Let us know your thoughts in the comments-we'll do our best to address your questions. 1 These are outdated tiers used for skins that only featured texture changes, a new splash image, and at times slight model changes.", "Legacy Skins are either skins that Riot has retired, seasonal skins or special event skins that have been removed from the League of Legends Store and placed in the Legacy Vault. While these skins cannot be purchased from the League of Legends Store, they can be received as mystery gifts. From time to time, groups of Legacy Skins have been released from the Vault for limited runs in the League of Legends Store. These skins only appear in the champion's information tab if you own them.", "There are some cases (Legendary skins, for example) where the skin will have a more significant effect on your champion. This can come in the form of skills looking different while keeping their original effects, champion voices changing, or the way your character walks. As mentioned, the only thing skins change is the appearence. No stats are affected nor supposed to be. If they were, people would fully classify lol to be a pay2win game, which few does at the moment.", "| show 1 more comment. up vote 7 down vote. Skins have absolutely no effect on your damage output/resistance, attack/projectile/movement speed, or on-hit effects. In a nutshell, all a skin does is change the appearance of your champion. As mentioned, the only thing skins change is the appearence. No stats are affected nor supposed to be. If they were, people would fully classify lol to be a pay2win game, which few does at the moment.", "In League of Legends, most skins can be bought from the Riot Store with Riot Points, while others are or were available only from special events or promotions. Some of the skins in League of Legends also give champions different particle effects, quotes, and sound effects. Every skin has its own splash art that is displayed in champion select by clicking on the thumbnail after selection. Some champions have skins that share a certain theme with skins from other champions. While these skins cannot be purchased from the League of Legends Store, they can be received as mystery gifts. From time to time, groups of Legacy Skins have been released from the Vault for limited runs in the League of Legends Store. These skins only appear in the champion's information tab if you own them." ], "url": [ "http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/73657/rare-promotional-skins", "http://oce.leagueoflegends.com/en/news/game-updates/patch/patch-420-notes", "http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/73657/rare-promotional-skins", "http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Murder_Bridge", "http://forums.euw.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?t=1136879&page=1", "http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Champion_Skin", "http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/78084/skins-that-affect-game-mechanics", "http://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/78084/skins-that-affect-game-mechanics", "http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Champion_Skin" ] }

[]

[ "Robert Goddard" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The first rocket was invented around 1100 AD in China. These rockets used solid propellants and were mainly used as weapons and fireworks. It was not until the 1920s that rocket societies emerged, and by the 1930s and 1940s professional rocket engineering took off.", "The Space Age began in 1926 on a farm in Auburn, Mass., when Goddard launched the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, demonstrating a new technology that would ultimately take humans into space and to the moon, and send robotic spacecraft to the edges of the solar system and beyond.", "Asked by Richard Tubbs. The inventor of the first rocket is a mystery lost to time, but it’s believed that 9th Century Chinese alchemists invented gunpowder, which eventually led to bombs and rocket-propelled projectiles like cannonballs and arrows as well as the ubiquitous firecrackers.", "The first rocket which could fly high enough to get into space was the V2 missile which was first launched by Germany in 1942. The first rocket which actually launched something into space was used to launch Sputnik, the first satellite, on October 4, 1957. The rocket that launched Sputnik was a R-7 ICBM rocket. 1 Javascript must be enabled to use Cool Cosmos. 2 Learn how.", "A key advance was the invention of the first liquid-fuelled rocket in 1926 by the American Robert Goddard in Auburn, Massachusetts. Goddard is considered to be one of the fathers of the modern rocket era." ], "url": [ "http://howthingsfly.si.edu/ask-an-explainer/who-built-first-rocket", "http://www.wpi.edu/about/history/rocket.html", "http://www.spaceanswers.com/space-exploration/when-was-the-first-rocket-invented/", "http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/274-When-was-the-first-rocket-launched-into-space-", "http://www.spaceanswers.com/space-exploration/when-was-the-first-rocket-invented/" ] }

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[ "Pumps can be programmed to releases small doses of insulin continuously (basal), or a bolus dose close to mealtime to control the rise in blood glucose after a meal." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The reservoir which is filled with insulin. 2 From the pump's reservoir, insulin is infused into your body through an infusion set. 3 The infusion set is inserted into your body and is infused through a tiny flexible tube called a cannula that sits just underneath your skin. An insulin pump is a small electronic device, about the size of a mobile phone. It can be easily carried on a belt, inside a pocket, or even attached to a bra thus becoming virtually invisible to others and allowing a very discreet therapy.", "1 From the pump's reservoir, insulin is infused into your body through an infusion set. 2 The infusion set is inserted into your body and is infused through a tiny flexible tube called a cannula that sits just underneath your skin. An insulin pump is a small electronic device, about the size of a mobile phone. It can be easily carried on a belt, inside a pocket, or even attached to a bra thus becoming virtually invisible to others and allowing a very discreet therapy.", "You can change the amount of insulin delivered. Between meals and overnights, the pump constantly delivers a small amount of insulin to keep your blood sugar in the target range. This is called the basal rate.. When you eat food, you can program extra insulin -- a bolus dose -- into the pump. You can calculate how much of a bolus you need based on the grams of carbohydrates you eat or drink. When you use an insulin pump, you must check your blood sugar level at least four times a day. You set the doses of your insulin and make adjustments to the dose depending on your food and exercise.", "1 A compartment that holds a reservoir. 2 The reservoir which is filled with insulin. 3 From the pump's reservoir, insulin is infused into your body through an infusion set. 4 The infusion set is inserted into your body and is infused through a tiny flexible tube called a cannula that sits just underneath your skin. An insulin pump is a small electronic device, about the size of a mobile phone. It can be easily carried on a belt, inside a pocket, or even attached to a bra thus becoming virtually invisible to others and allowing a very discreet therapy.", "on the Body. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Its function is to allow other cells to transform glucose into energy throughout your body. Without insulin, cells are starved for energy and must seek an alternate source. This can lead to life-threatening complications. Insulin is a natural hormone produced in the pancreas. When you eat, your pancreas releases insulin to help your body make energy out of sugars (glucose). It also helps you store energy. Insulin is a vital part of metabolism. Without it, your body would cease to function.", "Pumps can be programmed to releases small doses of insulin continuously (basal), or a bolus dose close to mealtime to control the rise in blood glucose after a meal. This delivery system most closely mimics the body's normal release of insulin. ", "The pump releases rapid-acting insulin into your body through a small, flexible tube (called a catheter) which goes under your belly's skin and is taped in place. Recommended Related to Diabetes. You can calculate how much of a bolus you need based on the grams of carbohydrates you eat or drink. When you use an insulin pump, you must check your blood sugar level at least four times a day. You set the doses of your insulin and make adjustments to the dose depending on your food and exercise.", "An insulin pump is a medical device used for the administration of insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. The device configuration may vary depending on design. An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by insulin syringes or an insulin pen and allows for intensive insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and carb counting.", "By using an insulin pump, you can match your insulin to your lifestyle, rather than getting an insulin injection and matching your life to how the insulin is working. When you work closely with your diabetes care team, insulin pumps can help you keep your blood glucose levels within your target ranges. People of all ages with type 1 diabetes use insulin pumps and people with type 2 diabetes have started to use them as well. 1 Be sure to bolus to cover the basal rate you will miss. 2 If your blood glucose level is under 150, you can wait an hour to bolus. 3 Do not go longer than one to two hours without any insulin. 4 Monitor your blood glucose every three to four hours.", "Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). " ], "url": [ "https://www.medtronic-diabetes.com.au/pump-therapy/what-is-insulin-pump-therapy", "https://www.medtronic-diabetes.com.au/pump-therapy/what-is-insulin-pump-therapy", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/insulin-pump", "https://www.medtronic-diabetes.com.au/pump-therapy/what-is-insulin-pump-therapy", "http://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/insulin-effects-on-body", "http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/insulin-pumps.html", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/insulin-pump", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSII", "http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/insulin/how-do-insulin-pumps-work.html", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin" ] }

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[ "Your genes, chromosomes and DNA Your body is made up of trillions of cells. Each cell has a core structure (nucleus) that contains your chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of tightly coiled strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These changes in your DNA can result in genetic disorders." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "(October 2008). A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth (congenital). Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions. Genetic disorders may or may not be heritable, i.e., passed down from the parents' genes. In non-heritable genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA. In such cases, the defect will only be heritable if it occurs in the germ line", "Some disorders that affect multiple family members are caused by gene mutations, which can be inherited (passed down from parent to child). Other conditions that appear to run in families are not caused by mutations in single genes. Penetrance refers to the proportion of people with a particular genetic change (such as a mutation in a specific gene) who exhibit signs and symptoms of a genetic disorder. If some people with the mutation do not develop features of the disorder, the condition is said to have reduced (or incomplete) penetrance.", "A family medical history can identify people with a higher-than-usual chance of having common disorders, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, certain cancers, and diabetes. These complex disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions, and lifestyle choices. Penetrance refers to the proportion of people with a particular genetic change (such as a mutation in a specific gene) who exhibit signs and symptoms of a genetic disorder. If some people with the mutation do not develop features of the disorder, the condition is said to have reduced (or incomplete) penetrance.", "When a genetic disorder is diagnosed in a family, family members often want to know the likelihood that they or their children will develop the condition. This can be difficult to predict in some cases because many factors influence a person’s chances of developing a genetic condition. Penetrance refers to the proportion of people with a particular genetic change (such as a mutation in a specific gene) who exhibit signs and symptoms of a genetic disorder. If some people with the mutation do not develop features of the disorder, the condition is said to have reduced (or incomplete) penetrance.", "Genetic mutations. Genetic mutations occur when DNA changes, altering the genetic instructions. This may result in a genetic disorder or a change in characteristics. Mutations can be caused by exposure to specific chemicals or radiation. For example, cigarette smoke is full of chemicals that attack and damage DNA. This causes mutations in lung cell genes, including the ones that control growth.", "Slide show: How genetic disorders are inherited. Previous Next 1 of 6 Your genes, chromosomes and DNA Your body is made up of trillions of cells. Each cell has a core structure (nucleus) that contains your chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of tightly coiled strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These changes in your DNA can result in genetic disorders.", "A mutation is a change in your DNA. A gene mutation is a change in or damage to a gene. A mutation can be inherited or acquired during your lifetime as cells age or are exposed to certain chemicals. These changes in your DNA can result in genetic disorders. Your body is made up of trillions of cells. Each cell has a core structure (nucleus) that contains your chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of tightly coiled strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).", "Sex-Linked Disorder: A genetic disorder caused by a defective gene or genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. Sperm: A cell produced in the male testes that can fertilize a female egg. Trimesters: The three 3-month periods into which pregnancy is divided. Screening tests assess the risk that a baby will be born with a specific birth defect or genetic disorder. Diagnostic tests can detect if a specific birth defect or genetic disorder is present in the fetus.", "An inherited disorder is caused by defective genes that can be passed down by parents to their children. Defective genes can occur on any of the chromosomes. A genetic disorder can be autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or sex linked. Screening tests assess the risk that a baby will be born with a specific birth defect or genetic disorder. Diagnostic tests can detect if a specific birth defect or genetic disorder is present in the fetus." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/inheritance?show=all", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/inheritance?show=all", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/inheritance?show=all", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Genetics/Pages/Facts.aspx", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/genetic-testing/multimedia/genetic-disorders/sls-20076216", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/genetic-testing/multimedia/genetic-disorders/sls-20076216", "http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Genetic-Disorders", "http://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Genetic-Disorders" ] }

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[ "1 Men in the range of 60 to 69 years have normal PSA levels that are less than 4.5 ng/mL. 2 Men over the age of 70 years have normal PSA levels that are less than 6.5 ng/mL." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "In the past, most doctors considered PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL and lower as normal. Therefore, if a man had a PSA level above 4.0 ng/mL, doctors would often recommend a prostate biopsy to determine whether prostate cancer was present.", "A normal PSA level is considered to be 4.0 ng/ml (nanograms per milliliter of blood). 1 For men in their 50s or younger, a PSA level should usually be below 2.5. 2 Older men often have slightly higher PSA levels than younger men.", "ABSTRACT: An association between age and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been documented: As men age, their serum PSA value increases. Currently, a single demarcation between normal and elevated PSA values, 4.0 ng/mL, is used as an indication for biopsy among men of all ages.", "1 Men over the age of 70 years have normal PSA levels that are less than 6.5 ng/mL. 2 It is also important to note that the normal ranges of PSA results may vary from one laboratory to another. 3 The abbreviation ng/mL stands for nanograms per milliliter.", "1 Men in the range of 60 to 69 years have normal PSA levels that are less than 4.5 ng/mL. 2 Men over the age of 70 years have normal PSA levels that are less than 6.5 ng/mL. 3 It is also important to note that the normal ranges of PSA results may vary from one laboratory to another.", "Accepted age-adjusted PSA rates are below 2.4 ng/ml for men under the age of 50 and 6.5 ng/ml for patients in their 70s. Other limits have been defined for varying age ranges, but there is not universal agreement about the accuracy of the age-adjusted levels.", "1 With PSA levels between 3 and 10, only 20% of men have prostate cancer on biopsy. 2 Higher levels of PSA make prostate cancer more likely (50% chance with a PSA greater than 10). 3 If your PSA is raised, you will probably have a further blood test to measure the free/total PSA ratio (FTR).", "Prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a man’s blood. For this test, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results are usually reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. The blood level of PSA is often elevated in men with prostate cancer, and the PSA test was originally approved by the FDA in 1986 to monitor the progression of prostate cancer in men who had already been diagnosed with the disease." ], "url": [ "http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet", "https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003346.htm", "http://www.cancernetwork.com/oncology-journal/age-specific-reference-ranges-psa-detection-prostate-cancer", "http://www.myhealthyfeeling.com/normal-psa-levels-by-age/", "http://www.myhealthyfeeling.com/normal-psa-levels-by-age/", "http://www.healthcentral.com/prostate/psa-225336-5.html", "http://www.baus.org.uk/patients/conditions/10/raised_psa", "http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet" ] }

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[ "St. Thomas." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For the outlaw known as Three Fingered Jack, see Jack Dunlop. Three Fingered Jack, named for its distinctive shape, is a Pleistocene volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon. It is a deeply glaciated shield volcano and consists mainly of basaltic andesite lava. Three Fingered Jack, named for its distinctive shape, is a Pleistocene volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon", "Hitting the road and Jack. blog comments powered by Disqus. The monument dedicated to Jack Mansong, or Three Finger Jack, in St Thomas. - Robert Lalah photo. B y the side of a road that leads from Kingston to St Thomas there's a monument dedicated to Jack Mansong, also known as Three Finger Jack. If you don't know who that is, don't feel too bad, you're not alone. It's hard to miss the monument dedicated to Three Finger Jack as you zip along the somewhat lonely stretch of road near enough to Bull Bay, St Thomas. There would be, however, little reason to stop, as other than the sign, there's nothing much around, save for bush and the occasional fast-moving mongoose.", "Erika, Italy. Offering an outdoor pool and a private beach area, Three Finger Jack Hotel is located in Eleven Mile. Free WiFi access is available. The property offers free parking. Each air-conditioned room here will provide you with cable TV and a patio. Private bathroom also comes with a bath or shower. ", "Three Fingered Jack is located in the Mount Jefferson Wilderness and is not accessible by paved road, but can be approached by the Pacific Crest Trail. Three Fingered Jack, named for its distinctive shape, is a Pleistocene volcano in the Cascade Range of Oregon.", "Three Figered Jack. When travelling through St. Thomas you'll pass a monument to Jack Mansong (aka Three Fingered Jack) at the village of 11 mile. Three Fingered Jack was a runaway slave who waged a one-man campaign of terror against land owners in the 19th century. The legend of Three Fingered Jack's deeds spread through the colonies. Songs were written, stories were told, there was even a play put on about him in a London theatre. As his legend grew so did the authorities desire to put an end to his reign of terror.", "Known for its jagged peak rising up to the sky, Three Finger Jack is located west of Bend not far from the Santiam Pass. One of the oldest volcanoes in the Cascade Range, Three Fingered Jack is an extinct shield volcano that has been deeply eroded by glacial activity over time. The northeast face of the mountain is considered one of the most challenging and dangerous climbs in Oregon. Location and Information. Three Finger Jack, Oregon is located a little over 42 miles northwest of Bend, just a little north of Santiam Pass on Hwy 20. Not accessible via road, the mountain is best accessed via the Pacific Crest Trail. 1 Contact Information: Sisters Ranger District, PO Box 248, Sisters, OR 97759. 2 Phone: 541-549-2111", "Perhaps the most feared runaway slave in Jamaica during the 1700s was Jack Mansong, popularly known as 'Three Fingered Jack' - Jamaica's first infamous bad man. Reeder is said to have followed Mansong down the slope and the two engaged in a deadly fight which saw both being badly injured. Three Fingered Jack was eventually overpowered and slain after the slave boy bashed in his head with a rock and both he and Reeder proceeded to cut off his three-fingered hand and head." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Fingered_Jack", "http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100518/life/life1.html", "http://www.booking.com/hotel/jm/three-finger-jack.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Fingered_Jack", "http://www.jamaicatravelandculture.com/destinations/st_thomas/eleven-miles.htm", "http://www.allbendoregon.com/mountains/three_finger_jack.php", "http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/128323_Three-Fingered-Jack--His-name-drove-fear-into-the-hearts-of-white-plantat" ] }

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[ "1 million years for a glass bottle to decompose in the environment, with conditions in a landfill even more protected." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Different kinds of plastic can degrade at different times, but the average time for a plastic bottle to completely degrade is at least 450 years. It can even take some bottles 1000 years to biodegrade! That’s a long time for even the smallest bottle. 90% of bottles aren’t even recycled. ", "Glass doesnt decompose. It does take a long time to become a solid, but glass now will be glass in millions of years. Some types of glass can be made to decompose by adding ch … emicals similar to what etching does to glass. An average time for a plastic bottle to biodegrade fully is approximately 450-1000 years. However, there are many different kinds of plastic in the world, most commonly the ha … rd and reusable ones, which take a longer time, and the soft and non-reusable ones, which take a shorter time.", "We really don't know exactly how long it takes a glass bottle to decompose in a landfill, but we do know that it can break into smaller pieces eventually. Decomposition oc … curs when something breaks down into smaller parts or parts that are similar in composition. An average time for a plastic bottle to biodegrade fully is approximately 450-1000 years. However, there are many different kinds of plastic in the world, most commonly the ha … rd and reusable ones, which take a longer time, and the soft and non-reusable ones, which take a shorter time.", "[…] products. However, there is a healthy upside to the increasing cost of food.” Danny Dagan presents How long does it take a plastic bag to break down or a glass bottle to decompose? | That Danny! posted at That Danny!. By Troy 4 September 2010 - 01:03. Thanks it is a great help, I’m now doing a research paper on how to resolve that problems and I hope many people will be aware with that figures on how long does it take before a plastic, carton, glass, aluminum or a Styrofoam to decompose.", "Actually, it's one of the longest-lasting man-made materials. The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services estimates that it takes 1 million years for a glass bottle to decompose in the environment, with conditions in a landfill even more protected. The Value of Recycling Glass. Given the long life of glass and the ease with which it can be recycled, it makes sense to recycle glass. As of 2011, Americans recycled more than 3 million tons of glass, an increase from 750,000 tons in 1980. Most recycled glass comes from beverage and food containers.", "Confidence votes 24.8K. Glass doesnt decompose. It does take a long time to become a solid, but glass now will be glass in millions of years. Some types of glass can be made to decompose by adding chemicals similar to what etching does to glass. We really don't know exactly how long it takes a glass bottle to decompose in a landfill, but we do know that it can break into smaller pieces eventually. Decomposition oc … curs when something breaks down into smaller parts or parts that are similar in composition", "It does take a long time to become a solid, but glass now will be glass in millions of years. We really don't know exactly how long it takes a glass bottle to decompose in a landfill, but we do know that it can break into smaller pieces eventually. Decomposition oc … curs when something breaks down into smaller parts or parts that are similar in composition" ], "url": [ "http://www.postconsumers.com/education/how-long-does-it-take-a-plastic-bottle-to-biodegrade/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_will_it_take_a_glass_bottle_to_decompose", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_will_it_take_a_glass_bottle_to_decompose", "http://www.thatdanny.com/2008/06/06/how-long-does-it-take-a-plastic-bag-or-a-glass-bottle-to-decompose/", "http://education.seattlepi.com/long-glass-bottle-degrade-landfill-5235.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_glass_to_decompose", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_glass_to_decompose" ] }

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[ "Because they sometimes do not properly fit in one of the kingdoms since they may have characteristics from a few of the kingdoms." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Classification of Viruses. Viruses are not usually classified into conventional taxonomic groups but are usually grouped according to such properties as size, the type of nucleic acid they contain, the structure of the capsid and the number of protein subunits in it, host species, and immunological characteristics. Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae. Genera have the suffix-virus. Within the Picornaviridae there are 5 genera: enterovirus, cardiovirus, rhinovirus, apthovirus and hepatovirus. The definition of ` species ' is the most important but difficult assignment to make with viruses.", "An important part of the scheme proposed by Lwoff and colleagues is that viruses are grouped according to their properties, not the cells they infect. The nucleic acid genome was also recognized as a primary criterion for classification. ", "They both contain genetic material (RNA OR DNA), and they both reproduce. A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of other organis … ms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. Viruses do not behave like other living cells. For one, they can only reproduce within other organisms. And essentially that is about all they do. Granted there are negative r … eprocussions for the host organism, but the virus itself simply multiplies.", "Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system. Similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms, virus classification is the subject of ongoing debate and proposals. This is mainly due to the pseudo-living nature of viruses, which is to say they are non-living particles with some chemical characteristics similar to those of life. As such, they do not fit neatly into the established biological classification system in place for cellular organisms. Viruses are mainly classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause", "1. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them in a 'family tree' in relation to other viruses. This process is different from the one used to classify plants or animals. Thanks to the fossil record, there are clear connections between most animals or plants. Viruses do not leave such a record, so it is more difficult to determine relationships between them. There are other classification systems that are based on the morphology of the virus or the disease caused. These systems are inadequate due to the fact that some diseases are caused by different viruses, the cold or flu are the most common example of this and some viruses look very similar to one another.", "The nucleus (or lack thereof) and the cell wall. Explain, using the traditional definition of species, why it is difficult to classify some bacteria and archaea at the species level. A species can be defined as an interbreeding group of organisms that produce fertile offspring. ", "Viruses are similar to living organisms because both contain hereditary material (RNA or DNA), and both reproduce. Viruses are different from living organisms because they … do not use energy to grow, and do not use energy to respond to their surroundings. Viruses do not behave like other living cells. For one, they can only reproduce within other organisms. And essentially that is about all they do. Granted there are negative r … eprocussions for the host organism, but the virus itself simply multiplies.", "The ICTV classifies RNA viruses as those that belong to Group III, Group IV or Group V of the Baltimore classification system of classifying viruses and does not consider viruses with DNA intermediates in their life cycle as RNA viruses. Viruses with RNA as their genetic material but that include DNA intermediates in their replication cycle are called retroviruses, and comprise Group VI of the Baltimore classification. Notable human retroviruses include HIV-1 and HIV-2, the cause of the disease AIDS.", "We must r … ely on the ability of our immune systems to render the virus particles inert/inactive by blocking their entry into our cells with antibodies, or rely on vaccines to prevent the viral infections. In addition, it is difficult to prevent infections by viruses that easily mutate, such as the common cold. They mutate so rapidly and into so many different forms it is not possible to create a vaccine before the virus has mutated again. This is also one of the reasons why we need an annual vaccination for the flu. Some algae are difficult to classify because they sometimes do not properly fit in one of the kingdoms since they may have characteristics from a few of the kingdoms.", "It is difficult to classify viruses as living organisms because they are not made of cells. They only become alive when they find a host i.e. a living cell to live in. Some algae are difficult to classify because they sometimes do not properly fit in one of the kingdoms since they may have characteristics from a few of the kingdoms." ], "url": [ "http://www.nlv.ch/Virologytutorials/Classification.htm", "http://www.virology.ws/2009/08/07/how-viruses-are-classified/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_viruses_are_difficult_to_classify_as_living_organisms", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_classification", "http://ezinearticles.com/?Virus-Classification&id=251837", "http://images.pcmac.org/SiSFiles/Schools/GA/VidaliaCity/VidaliaHigh/Uploads/Presentations/CLASSIFICATION.pptx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_viruses_are_difficult_to_classify_as_living_organisms", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_virus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_it_difficult_to_classify_viruses", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_it_difficult_to_classify_viruses" ] }

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[ "It is the daal made from red chowli beans. It is used in Gujarati cooking for making pooda (dosa), mixed daal dhokla, mixed daal vada." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chopped coriander leaves for garnish. Method. 1 Soak dal in water for 4 hours. 2 Drain and grind to a fine paste in blender using the yogurt.. 3 In a bowl mix the besan, rava, sugar, salt, turmeric, ginger green chilly paste and then add the chora dal paste and mix well. 4 Add the oil and mix again. 5 Add water (if required)to get the consistency of dhokla batter.", "Chora Daal. Left-Urad; Right-Chora daal. Chora daal is the daal made from red chowli beans. It is used in Gujarati cooking for making pooda (dosa), mixed daal dhokla, mixed daal vada etc. This daal is little bigger than urad daal.", "1 Soak dal in water for 4 hours. 2 Drain and grind to a fine paste in blender using the yogurt.. 3 In a bowl mix the besan, rava, sugar, salt, turmeric, ginger green chilly paste and then add the chora dal paste and mix well. 4 Add the oil and mix again. 5 Add water (if required)to get the consistency of dhokla batter.", "Chora daal is the daal made from small, red chowli beans. It is readily available in the local Indian stores here. It is white in color and used extensively in Gujarati cuisine for making special pooda, chora na dhokla etc.", "Soak Chora Daal and the yellow moong daal together for at least a few hours. When ready to make the dhokla, grind the daals together with the jeera seeds and some salt. The mixture should resemble an Idli batter and should not be too thick or too thin." ], "url": [ "http://mayuriandmascookbook.blogspot.com/2010/02/chora-dal-dhokla-split-cow-peas-steamed.html", "http://enjoyindianfood.blogspot.com/2008/01/chora-daal.html", "http://mayuriandmascookbook.blogspot.com/2010/02/chora-dal-dhokla-split-cow-peas-steamed.html", "http://enjoyindianfood.blogspot.com/2008/03/chora-daal-na-pooda.html", "http://thespicewholovedme.blogspot.com/2008/05/gujarati-series-chora-daal-fenugreek.html" ] }

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[ "It is a procedure, proof of a certified quality management system in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001 for the manufacturing facility of the product." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A requirement for VdS certification is a positive examination report for all the products used in the system. The VdS approval for components, equipment and systems can be applied for by all manufacturers. In addition, the VdS approval of systems also can be applied for by installers.", "19 Sprinkler pumps Wilo Catalogue B5 - 50 Hz-Sprinkler pumps with VdS approval Series overview Wilo-EMU sprinkler pumps D..., K... und KM... Sprinkler pumps Sprinkler Series pumps Series overviewWilo- : EMU Wilo-sprinklerpumps D..., K... EMU und KM...", "21 Sprinkler pumps Wilo Catalogue B5 - 50 Hz-Sprinkler pumps with VdS approval Series description Wilo-EMU sprinkler pumps D..., K... and KM... SprinklerKM 350pumps Note Most of these units are configured products.", "17 Sprinkler pumps Wilo Catalogue B5 - 50 Hz-Sprinkler pumps with VdS approval Equipment/function Sprinkler pumps Sprinkler pumps Equipment/function Subjectto change 09/2008 WILO SE WiloCatalogue B5- 50 Hz-Sprinkler pumps with VdS approval K 86... K 87... KM 350...", "Precondition for a VdS approval procedure, among others, is proof of a certified quality management system in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001 for the manufacturing facility of the product.", "An approval can also then be issued if the product does not correspond to the wording of the guidelines in all respects, however, the performance values can be classified as equally good or better. As a rule, the VdS approval is issued for a period of four years. Even after the type test, VdS-recognized products are subject to various product surveillance measures, for example the conducting of product audits in the manufacturing facilities with the subsequent taking of samples.", "The approval procedure VdS 2344 is primarily offered for products (components, equipment and systems) in the areas of fire protection and safety technology; it can, however, in some cases also be used for other products." ], "url": [ "http://vds.de/en/certifications/products/", "http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/pumpdatabase2/wilo-sprinkler.pdf", "http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/pumpdatabase2/wilo-sprinkler.pdf", "http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/pumpdatabase2/wilo-sprinkler.pdf", "http://vds.de/en/certifications/products/", "http://vds.de/en/certifications/products/", "http://vds.de/en/certifications/products/" ] }

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[ "$60,000" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The main elements of construction for factory units are concrete and steel. The design of the factory units, especially the engineering design can greatly affect the final construction cost. It is our opinion that a builder should be consulted early in the design stage to ensure the most economical design is completed. ", "Except for sACUs, each unit can be built by the corresponding factory type (Land Factory builds land units), provided that factory is at least of the required tech level (a tech 2 factory can build tech 2 units as well as tech 1, but not tech 3). Once upgraded to Tech 2 a factory can build all Tech 1 or Tech 2 mobile units of their type, or an upgrade to Tech 3. Similarly, Tech 3 factories can build Tech 1, 2 and 3 units of their type. Factories cannot build experimental units.", "Manufacturing overhead, however, consists of indirect factory-related costs and as such must be divided up and allocated to each unit produced. For example, the property tax on a factory building is part of manufacturing overhead. Although the property tax covers an entire year and appears as one large amount on just one tax bill, GAAP requires that a portion of this amount be allocated or assigned to each product manufactured during that year. Along with costs such as direct material and direct labor, the cost of manufacturing overhead must be assigned to each unit produced so that Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold are valued and reported according to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) .", "The BMT Construction Cost Table is a useful guide to the cost of construction for a variety of building types including, houses, townhouses, residential apartments, office blocks, industrial warehouses, supermarkets, shopping centres, hotels and motels. Costs provided are an average price for typical buildings, allowing for preliminaries, builders profit and overheads. Costs can provide no more than a rough guide to the probable cost of building, as costs can vary significantly based on site conditions, level of fitout and design.", "You may request the builder buy the modules from a factory of your choice. There are some factories that do sell directly to the consumer. Generally the cost of the modular units, out of the factory, can vary from $ 75 to $ 100 a square foot depending on the level of finish and quality of fixtures selected. ", "For the building of a condominium complex of two units, the typical costs include: 1 With lux-range materials, a normal foundation with full basement, efficient doors and windows, all appliances, and turnkey finishing would run at an average of $102,000 to $240,000 per unit to complete. 1 This sort of building, however, would not come in at a simple cost of $85 per square foot due simply to the excessive amount of construction required on the interior. 2 A two-story unit of wooden construction with two condominiums would run roughly $484,500 in total costs", "Thus, the cost per unit is not constant. For example, ABC Company has total variable costs of $50,000 and total fixed costs of $30,000 in May, which it incurred while producing 10,000 widgets. The cost per unit is: ($30,000 Fixed costs + $50,000 variable costs) / 10,000 units = $8 cost per unit. In the following month, ABC produces 5,000 units at a variable cost of $25,000 and the same fixed cost of $30,000. The cost per unit is: ($30,000 Fixed costs + $25,000 variable costs) / 5,000 units = $11/unit. ", "To do this, the company would simply divide its total forecasted factory overhead cost ($60,000) BY the number of units it plans to produce in 200X (10,000 units). Below charts these calculations: Therefore, for every unit the XYZ Company makes, it will spend $6.00 on factory overhead. $60,000. As you can see, the XYZ Company is forecasting its Total Factory Overhead at $60,000 in 200X. In other words, to produce 10,000 units in 200X, the XYZ Company expects its Manufacturing Plant Expenses will be $60,000. Part 2 - Determine Your Manufacturing Factory Overhead Cost On A Per Unit Basis:" ], "url": [ "http://www.omara.com.au/commercial_&_industrial.html", "http://supcom.wikia.com/wiki/Factory", "http://www.accountingcoach.com/manufacturing-overhead/explanation/1", "http://www.bmtqs.com.au/construction-cost-table", "http://modulararchitecture.com/resources/modular-faqs", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/build-condominium", "http://www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/how-to-calculate-cost-per-unit.html", "http://www.businessplanhut.com/how-calculate-factory-overhead" ] }

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[ "$400,000 per year" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Currently (2011) the US President makes $400,000 per year. The Vice President makes substantially less (though still a lot compared to most of us): $227,300 per year as of 200 … 9. There's a law that provides the president's salary cannot be changed during his tenure in office. 1 In this article you'll see Obama quotes that offer his plans, recommendations for the nations, along with things he's 2 …. From Harvard to Senate to President: Obama's Career Timeline Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States. 3 His career path is unlike most politicians of his time.", "Follow @TIMEPolitics. President Barack Obama will voluntarily return 5 percent of his $400,000 salary to the United States Treasury, a White House official confirmed Wednesday. The move, first reported by the New York Times, is in solidarity with federal employees who are seeing pay cuts or furloughs as a result of sequestration. ", "About Barack Obama. The 44th president of the United States, author and the most popular person in the world, Barack Hussein Obama II, has an estimated net worth of $12.2 million. Excluding the $1.4 million in Nobel Prize money he donated to charity and his primary home. The real money will be made years from now: Obama could certainly earn tens of millions of dollars a year giving speeches full time. President Barack Obama’s base salary is $400,000 a year. He also has access to a $150,000 expense account as well as a $100,000 tax free travel account and $20,000 entertainment budget. Obama served three terms in the Illinois Senate, and is the first African American President of the United States", "In US Presidents. Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, has a salary of $400,000 per year plus a $50,000 expense account. What is President Obama's salary? Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, has a salary of $400,000 per year plus a $50,000 expense account.", "Email. The annual list of who makes what at the White House is out. It’s been a requirement since 1995 for the White House to alert Congress of the salary of presidential staffers. So, let’s take a look what the 457 employees of President Obama (who makes an annual salary of $400,000) rake in every year. Cost of living in DC is about 22 percent higher than the national average, with the annual average income around $45,000 compared to $28,000 nationally, according to the latest census. ", "WASHINGTON — President Obama and his wife, Michelle, earned $477,383 in adjusted gross income in 2014, a slight decrease from the previous year, and paid $93,362 in federal taxes, according to a tax return released by the White House on Friday. ", "The President of the United States earns $400,000 a year. The vice president's annual salary is $221,100. 1 In this article you'll see Obama quotes that offer his plans, recommendations for the nations, along with things he's 2 …. From Harvard to Senate to President: Obama's Career Timeline Barack Obama is the 44th President of the United States. 3 His career path is unlike most politicians of his time.", "White House Salaries. Since 1995, the White House has been required to deliver a report to Congress listing the title and salary of every White House Office employee. Consistent with President Obama's commitment to transparency, this report is being publicly disclosed on our website as it is transmitted to Congres" ], "url": [ "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_will_obama_salary_be_as_president", "http://swampland.time.com/2013/04/03/barack-obama-will-return-16666-67-in-salary-due-to-sequestration/", "http://www.therichest.com/celebnetworth/politician/president/barack-obama-net-worth/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_Barack_Obama%27s_salary_as_a_President", "http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/white-house-salaries-revealed/story?id=24382955", "http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/11/us/politics/obamas-tax-return-shows-most-income-is-from-salary.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_will_obama_salary_be_as_president", "https://www.whitehouse.gov/21stcenturygov/tools/salaries" ] }

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[ "10 to 21 days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Chickenpox incubation period. Chickenpox (varicella) is a common, highly contagious, viral infectious disease of childhood. Usually mild, it’s characterised by a very itchy rash that can spread over the whole body. In the UK, it is common and most cases occur during winter and spring. Around 90% of the UK population has had chickenpox by the age of 15. It is not common in people from tropical and subtropical zones.", "Chickenpox Incubation Period. It takes between 10 and 21 days after contact with an infected person for someone to develop chickenpox (this is known as the chickenpox incubation period). While this is the complete range for the chickenpox incubation period, the usual chickenpox incubation period averages between 14 and 16 days.", "It normally takes 14 days for the symptoms of chickenpox to show after you have come into contact with the virus. However, this can vary from person to person – from as little as 7 days, up to 21 days. This is called the incubation period. Someone with chickenpox is most infectious from one to two days before the rash appears, until all the blisters have crusted over. This usually takes five to six days from the start of the rash. Read more about the diagnosis of chickenpox and how to stop chickenpox spreading. ", "Characteristic pancorporeal varicella lesions in unvaccinated person. The incubation period for varicella is 14 to 16 days after exposure to a varicella or a herpes zoster rash, with a range of 10 to 21 days. A mild prodrome of fever and malaise may occur 1 to 2 days before rash onset, particularly in adults. In children, the rash is often the first sign of disease", "Symptoms of Chickenpox. The time between exposure to the virus and eruption of symptoms is called the incubation period. For chickenpox, this period is 10 - 20 days. The patient often develops fever, headache, swollen glands, and other flu-like symptoms before the typical rash appears. ", "The first symptoms of chickenpox usually develop about 14 to 16 days after contact with a person infected with the virus. Most people feel sick and have a fever, a decreased appetite, a headache, a cough, and a sore throat. The itchy chickenpox rash usually appears about 1 or 2 days after the first symptoms start. ", "Chickenpox Home. It takes between 10 and 21 days after contact with an infected person for someone to develop chickenpox (this is known as the chickenpox incubation period). While this is the complete range for the chickenpox incubation period, the usual chickenpox incubation period averages between 14 and 16 days.", "The incubation period is the time from when your child comes into contact with a person with chickenpox, to when the first symptoms appear. The incubation period for chickenpox is usually 14 to 16 days but can range from 10 to 21 days. A child is infectious 1-2 days before they get the rash until all the blisters have dried up. This usually takes 5 to 7 days. ", "The incubation period is seven to 21 (usually 10 to 21) days after exposure to the herpes varicella-zoster virus to the development of the symptoms. The disease is most contagious a day or two before the rash appears and until the rash is completely dry and scabbed over, about five to six days after onset of the rash. Usually mild, it’s characterised by a very itchy rash that can spread over the whole body. In the UK, it is common and most cases occur during winter and spring. Around 90% of the UK population has had chickenpox by the age of 15. It is not common in people from tropical and subtropical zones.", "The incubation for chicken pox is anywhere between 10 and 21 days. This means that a child will show the first symptoms of the disease 10 to 21 days after been in contact with the virus. From three days before the rash appears till all the chicken pox blisters have turned into scabs this virus can be spread. The illness usually last about 5 to 10 days. In this highly contagious period you should keep your child at home and avoid contact with newborns babies and pregnant woman." ], "url": [ "http://www.webmd.boots.com/children/guide/chickenpox-incubation-period", "http://chickenpox.emedtv.com/chickenpox/chickenpox-incubation-period.html", "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Chickenpox/Pages/Causes.aspx", "http://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/hcp/clinical-overview.html", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/shingles-and-chickenpox-varicellazoster-virus", "http://www.webmd.com/vaccines/tc/chickenpox-varicella-topic-overview", "http://chickenpox.emedtv.com/chickenpox/chickenpox-incubation-period.html", "http://www.kidshealth.org.nz/chickenpox", "http://www.webmd.boots.com/children/guide/chickenpox-incubation-period", "http://www.baby-safety-concerns.com/chicken-pox-rash.html" ] }

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[ "A substance that interferes with the neural transmission between motor neurons and skeletal muscles." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Unlike acetylcholine, however, most neuromuscular blocking agents (non-depolarizing NMBs) do not cause the receptor to open when they bind, so the receptor stays closed, and acetylcholine can't bind to it to open it since the NMB molecule is there instead. Click here for an index of neuromuscular blocking agents. This article is under construction. I do love NMBs though. I'm trying to make this into a category so I can put like SCh and dTC and stuff in it. Everything in blue text has been copied from my new site The Art of Paralytics.", "Some of the most fascinating chemicals known are neuromuscular blocking agents (also called NMBs, neuromuscular blockers and neuromuscular blocking drugs). Only a few milligrams of a NMB can completely paralyze a human like you. Click here for an index of neuromuscular blocking agents. This article is under construction. I do love NMBs though. I'm trying to make this into a category so I can put like SCh and dTC and stuff in it. Everything in blue text has been copied from my new site The Art of Paralytics.", "Depolarizing blocking agents such as succinylcholine chloride also compete with acetylcholine for cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate but work by first activating the receptor and then blocking its ability to be reset for subsequent stimulation. Neuromuscular blocking agents: mechanism of action, hazards, and USE ... by Gardenhire, Doug / FOCUS: Journal for Respiratory Care & Sleep Medicine. For a number of types of surgery, an anaesthetist will also induce muscle relaxation using a.", "• NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT (noun). The noun NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT has 1 sense: 1. a substance that interferes with the neural transmission between motor neurons and skeletal muscles. Familiarity information: NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT used as a noun is very rare. Flaxedil; gallamine (neuromuscular blocking agent (trade name Flaxedil) used as a muscle relaxant in the administration of anesthesia). curare; tubocurarine (a toxic alkaloid found in certain tropical South American trees that is a powerful relaxant for striated muscles).", "Key points. Neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) act at several sites at the neuromuscular junction, but their main effects are as agonists and antagonists at postjunctional nicotinic receptors. Succinylcholine is the only available depolarizing NMBD; it has several undesirable side-effects. ", "These drugs fall into two groups: 1 Non-depolarizing blocking agents: These agents constitute the majority of the clinically relevant neuromuscular blockers. 2 Depolarizing blocking agents: These agents act by depolarizing the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber. The main difference is in the reversal of these two types of neuromuscular-blocking drugs. 1 Non-depolarizing blockers are reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs since they are competitive antagonists at the ACh receptor so can be reversed by increases in ACh.", "1 Depolarizing blocking agents: These agents act by depolarizing the sarcolemma of the skeletal muscle fiber. 2 This persistent depolarization makes the muscle fiber resistant to further stimulation by ACh. The main difference is in the reversal of these two types of neuromuscular-blocking drugs. 1 Non-depolarizing blockers are reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs since they are competitive antagonists at the ACh receptor so can be reversed by increases in ACh.", "a chemical substance that interferes locally with the transmission or reception of impulses from motor nerves to skeletal muscles. Nondepolarizing agents such as metocurine, pancuronium, and tubocurarine competitively block the transmitter action of acetylcholine at the motor end plate. Neuromuscular blocking agents: mechanism of action, hazards, and USE ... by Gardenhire, Doug / FOCUS: Journal for Respiratory Care & Sleep Medicine. For a number of types of surgery, an anaesthetist will also induce muscle relaxation using a." ], "url": [ "http://paralytics.wikia.com/wiki/Neuromuscular_Blocking_Agents", "http://paralytics.wikia.com/wiki/Neuromuscular_Blocking_Agents", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neuromuscular+blocking+agent", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/neuromuscular_blocking_agent.htm", "http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/2.full", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromuscular-blocking_drug", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/neuromuscular+blocking+agent" ] }

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[ "Libel and slander are types of defamatory statements. Libel is a written defamatory statement and slander is a spoken or oral defamatory statement." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Libel and slander are types of defamatory statements. Libel is a written defamatory statement, and slander is a spoken or oral defamatory statement. In this article, we'll look at where you might find a defamatory statement, provide some different examples of libel and slander, and more. (For an overview of this area of law, check out Defamation Law Made Simple .).", "defamation. Defamation is a statement that injures a third party's reputation. The tort of defamation includes both libel (written statements) and slander (spoken statements). ", "The distinction between slander and libel comes in the form of the publication. Slander involves the oral publication of a defamatory remark that is heard by another, which injures the subject's reputation or character. Slander can occur through the use of a hand gesture or verbal communication that is not recorded. Libel, on the other hand, is the written publication of a defamatory remark that has the tendency to injure another's reputation or character.", "The primary difference between slander and libel is that libel is the written or otherwise printed public defamation of a person or entity, while slander is the spoken defamation of a person or entity. Slander can also include bodily gestures while libel can include published photographs. Slander involves verbally maligning the reputation or activities of another individual or entity, using information that is known to be false or misleading. Libel occurs when a person makes a false, written statement intended to harm another person. L", "Libel and slander are both forms of defamation. Defamation is a common law tort, governed by state law, in which an individual makes a publication of a defamatory statement of and concerning the plaintiff that damages the reputation of the plaintiff. Slander can occur through the use of a hand gesture or verbal communication that is not recorded. Libel, on the other hand, is the written publication of a defamatory remark that has the tendency to injure another's reputation or character.", "Libel and Slander. Two torts that involve the communication of false information about a person, a group, or an entity such as a corporation. Libel is any Defamation that can be seen, such as a writing, printing, effigy, movie, or statue. Slander is any defamation that is spoken and heard. Collectively known as defamation, libel and slander are civil wrongs that harm a reputation; decrease respect, regard, or confidence; or induce disparaging, hostile, or disagreeable opinions or feelings against an individual or entity.", "libel and slander, in law, types of defamation. In common law, written defamation was libel and spoken defamation was slander. Today, however, there are no such clear definitions. Permanent forms of defamation, such as the written or pictorial, are usually called libel, while the spoken or gestured forms are called slander. ", "Slander and libel are both types of defamation, which refers to statements that damage another person's reputation. While there are similarities, each focuses on different types of defamation strategy. Slander involves verbally maligning the reputation or activities of another individual or entity, using information that is known to be false or misleading. Libel occurs when a person makes a false, written statement intended to harm another person. Libel can include published photographs.", "Second, in both a slander and libel case the plaintiff needs to prove that the statement was published by the defendant. Libel cases are easier to prove than slander cases. A perfect example is when a newspaper makes libelous statements. Slander can occur through the use of a hand gesture or verbal communication that is not recorded. Libel, on the other hand, is the written publication of a defamatory remark that has the tendency to injure another's reputation or character.", "by FreeAdvice staff. Defamation is a statement that gives a negative impression of a person, company, group, product, government, or country. The statement is made as though it were true, when in fact, it is false. Defamation can be slander, which is made with spoken words, sounds, sign language, or gestures. " ], "url": [ "http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/libel-vs-slander-different-types-defamation.html", "https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/defamation", "http://defamation.laws.com/defamation-laws/libel-vs-slander", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-slander-and-libel.htm", "http://defamation.laws.com/defamation-laws/libel-vs-slander", "http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Libel+and+Slander", "http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/society/libel-slander.html", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-difference-between-slander-and-libel.htm", "http://defamation.laws.com/defamation-laws/libel-vs-slander", "http://injury-law.freeadvice.com/injury-law/libel_and_slander/defamation_character.htm" ] }

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