Datasets:

linnaeus

like 1

[ "The", "supermarket", "was", "a", "major", "source", "of", "inexpensive", "common", "medicinal", "herbs", "such", "as", "garlic", ",", "ginger", "and", "nutmeg", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 ]

[ "The", "identification", "of", "these", "medicinal", "herbs", "provides", "an", "opportunity", "to", "investigate", "West", "Indian", "plants", "used", "to", "treat", "asthma", "to", "determine", "whether", "they", "possess", "pharmacological", "properties", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Scientific", "investigations", "have", "shown", "that", "some", "of", "these", "herbs", "possess", "pharmacological", "and", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "properties", ",", "and", "these", "may", "be", "useful", "in", "suppressing", "the", "characteristic", "exaggerated", "immune", "response", "in", "asthma", "[", "20", "-", "24", "]", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pepper", "and", "bayleaf", "have", "also", "been", "shown", "to", "exhibit", "anti", "-", "inflammatory", "properties", "[", "[", "25", ",", "26", "]", "27", "]", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "There", "is", "an", "imperative", "to", "commence", "scientific", "investigations", "on", "traditional", "West", "Indian", "medicinal", "plants", "to", "determine", "their", "therapeutic", "efficacy", "and", "safety", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "survey", "instrument", "specifically", "asked", "questions", "on", "the", "use", "of", "medicinal", "herbs", "in", "asthma", "and", "did", "not", "inquire", "about", "the", "use", "of", "herbs", "as", "customary", "teas", "or", "tonics", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "therefore", "did", "not", "determine", "lifetime", "prevalence", "for", "the", "use", "of", "herbs", "in", "our", "patient", "sample", ",", "but", "we", "suppose", "that", "had", "this", "been", "included", "that", "there", "might", "have", "been", "a", "prevalence", "similar", "to", "those", "reported", "in", "the", "Jamaica", "[", "10", ",", "11", "]", "and", "Trinidad", "[", "13", "]", "surveys", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "survey", "was", "also", "limited", "in", "that", "by", "electing", "to", "conduct", "the", "study", "at", "a", "public", "health", "facility", "we", "obviously", "had", "a", "bias", "towards", "patients", "at", "the", "lower", "rung", "of", "the", "socioeconomic", "ladder", ",", "with", "lower", "income", "and", "educational", "status", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "As", "a", "consequence", ",", "the", "results", "reflected", "patients", "from", "this", "demographic", "background", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "may", "have", "expected", "a", "different", "outcome", "in", "asthmatic", "patients", "attending", "private", "institutions", ",", "where", "their", "characteristics", "would", "have", "been", "slightly", "different", ",", "as", "we", "noted", "that", "even", "in", "our", "sample", "the", "small", "number", "of", "persons", "with", "higher", "income", "and", "educational", "status", "tended", "to", "use", "more", "medicinal", "herbs", "for", "symptomatic", "relief", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "did", "not", "assess", "whether", "patients", "informed", "their", "attending", "physician", "at", "the", "clinic", "about", "their", "use", "of", "herbs", "or", "determined", "whether", "the", "knowledge", "or", "attitudes", "of", "these", "physicians", "regarding", "the", "use", "of", "herbs", "influenced", "the", "patients", "'", "decision", "to", "use", "herbs", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "study", "was", "also", "limited", "in", "that", "we", "did", "not", "ascertain", "the", "out", "-", "of", "-", "pocket", "expense", "for", "herbal", "remedies", "by", "patients", ",", "although", "most", "stated", "that", "herbal", "medicines", "(", "which", "we", "supposed", "were", "processed", ",", "imported", "products", ")", "were", "more", "expensive", "than", "conventional", "medicines", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "assumed", "that", "an", "additional", "expense", "would", "have", "only", "been", "incurred", "by", "those", "patients", "purchasing", "processed", ",", "imported", "herbs", "obtained", "from", "a", "herbalist", ",", "herbal", "shop", "or", "pharmacy", "(", "24", ".", "1", "%", ")", "and", "who", "actually", "consulted", "a", "herbalist", "(", "10", ".", "3", "%", ")", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "also", "reasoned", "that", "since", "all", "the", "other", "herbs", "used", "were", "inexpensive", "and", "available", "from", "either", "the", "backyard", "garden", "or", "supermarket", "(", "58", ".", "6", "%", ")", "that", "the", "cost", "to", "patients", "selecting", "these", "remedies", "was", "minimal", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Conclusions" ]

[ 0 ]

[ "The", "findings", "of", "this", "study", "are", "important", "in", "that", "local", "medicinal", "plants", "in", "Trinidad", "have", "been", "identified", "in", "the", "self", "-", "management", "of", "asthma", "in", "a", "significant", "number", "of", "patients", "attending", "the", "specialty", "clinic", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "identified", "herbs", "can", "now", "be", "targeted", "for", "scientific", "investigation", "to", "determine", "whether", "their", "pharmacological", "efficacy", "will", "assist", "in", "the", "development", "of", "viable", "healthcare", "alternatives", "in", "a", "developing", "country", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "These", "findings", "are", "also", "important", "for", "policymakers", "in", "the", "health", "sector", "who", "are", "given", "the", "mandate", "to", "regulate", "issues", "pertaining", "to", "the", "public", "'", "s", "health", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "We", "are", "also", "becoming", "more", "aware", "of", "the", "potential", "for", "critical", "interplay", "between", "herbs", "and", "drugs", "when", "taken", "concomitantly", "to", "produce", "life", "-", "threatening", "interactions", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Since", "herbs", "are", "here", "to", "stay", "and", "patients", "will", "continue", "to", "self", "-", "medicate", "with", "increasing", "frequency", ",", "it", "is", "imperative", "that", "healthcare", "providers", "become", "more", "knowledgeable", "on", "this", "modality", "and", "keep", "abreast", "with", "the", "latest", "developments", "in", "herbal", "therapy", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Competing", "interests" ]

[ 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "author", "(", "s", ")", "declare", "that", "they", "have", "no", "competing", "interests", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Authors", "'", "contributions" ]

[ 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "YNC", "was", "the", "P", ".", "I", ".", "in", "this", "study", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "He", "was", "responsible", "for", "the", "study", "concept", ",", "development", "of", "methodology", ",", "coordinating", "the", "research", "activities", ",", "analyzing", "the", "data", ",", "and", "writing", "the", "manuscript", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "AFW", "was", "responsible", "for", "data", "input", "and", "analysis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "DA", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", ",", "data", "input", "and", "analysis", "and", "presentation", "at", "regional", "conference", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "RC", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", ",", "data", "input", "and", "analysis", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "NW", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", "and", "input", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "RM", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", "and", "input", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "OS", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", "and", "input", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "DW", "was", "involved", "in", "methodological", "development", ",", "data", "collection", "and", "input", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "All", "authors", "read", "and", "approved", "the", "final", "manuscript", "." ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "Pre", "-", "publication", "history" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "The", "pre", "-", "publication", "history", "for", "this", "paper", "can", "be", "accessed", "here", ":" ]

[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]

[]

[]