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mri_train_sft

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Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx029 Technique: Coronal volume T1; axial and coronal FLAIR whole brain sequences with thin coronal T2 FSE and IR sequences through the temporal lobes Findings: Normal brain architecture, volume and sign. No evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. No white matter signal abnormality. Normal volume, signal, morphology and orientation of the temporal loves, including the hippocampal formations. Normal midline structures. The corpus callosum is present. Normal posterior fossa structures, brain stem and cranio-cervical junction. Normal ventricular system, basal cisterns and extra-axial spaces. The visualised intracranial vessels and dural venous sinuses exhibit normal flow voids. Summary: No epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue brain architecture ; Structural-abnormalities architecture ; Structural-abnormalities volume ; Atrophy sign ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue white matter ; White-matter-other signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue volume, signal, morphology and orientation hippocampal formations ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal morphology ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology temporal ; Temporal hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal corpus callosum ; Callosum brain stem ; Brainstem Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ventricular system, basal cisterns and extra-axial spaces ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx028 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain isotropic volumetric FLAIR and T1 MPRAGE.   Comparison: CT brain 10/01/2016.   Findings: Lateral ventricles are mildly dilated, most likely related to some white matter volume loss, although there is only minimal FLAIR hyperintense foci are/small vessel ischaemic change. What was the nature and location of the past encephalitis?   3mm focus of FLAIR hyperintensity at the roof of the body of the left lateral ventricle is FLAIR hyperintense, and present also on both the FSPGR.   Asymmetric hippocampi, with volume loss on the left with mild FLAIR hyperintensity. The left amygdala however appears enlarged with equivocal subtle FLAIR hyperintensity.   Paranasal sinus mucosal disease.   Conclusion:  3 mm nodule attached to the roof of the mid body of the left lateral ventricle does not have the signal characteristics of grey matter heterotopia. A small intraventricular tumour requires exclusion. Further evaluation with contrast on MRI would be helpful.   No evidence of infarction.   Findings of left hippocampal sclerosis. The enlarged left amygdala may represent post seizure change, but dysplasia or tumour are differentials. Evaluation of this region with T2 high resolution imaging (from TLE protocol) with contrast would be helpful. ### Response: Lateral ventricles are mildly dilated ; Ventriculomegaly ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly white matter ; White-matter-other volume loss ; Atrophy FLAIR hyperintense foci ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal small vessel ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change encephalitis ; Encephalitis-Other focus ; Unifocal FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation FLAIR hyperintense ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Asymmetric hippocampi, with volume loss mild FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal Asymmetric hippocampi volume loss ; Hippocampal-atrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation Asymmetric hippocampi, with volume loss mild FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation amygdala ; Mesial-temporal enlarged ; Hypertrophy equivocal ; possible-cue FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal nodule ; Unspecified-lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia tumour ; Tumours requires exclusion ; possible-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis enlarged ; Hypertrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation amygdala ; Mesial-temporal dysplasia ; Dysplasia tumour ; Tumours are differentials ; possible-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx038 Technique Sagittal T1: axial T2, FLAIR and diffusion-weighted scans of the brain. Coronal T2 and gradient echo as well as oblique axial gradient echo-weighted scans through the temporal lobes. Report There is mild prominence of the sulci and basal cisterns, consistent with age related atrophy. Moderate hydrocephalus is noted involving the 3rd and lateral ventricles, but not the 4th ventricle. A normal flow void is demonstrated, however, in the aqueduct of Sylvius. Normal appearance of the brain stem and cerebellum. No mass, collection, infarct or demyelination plaque. Normal flow voids are demonstrated in the major intracranial arteries and venous sinuses. There is a normal appearance of the temporal lobes and particularly the hippocampi bilaterally. No evidence of congenital malformation or heterotopic grey matter. CONCLUSION Unexplained dilation of the 3rd and lateral ventricles. Normal appearance of the temporal lobes. Comparison with previous study (27/12/00) shows no appreciable change. ### Response: prominence of the sulci and basal cisterns ; Atrophy consistent with age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow void ; Flow-void-loss brain stem ; Brainstem cerebellum ; Cerebellum No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar demyelination plaque ; Demyelination Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue appearance hippocampi ; Hippocampal-sclerosis temporal ; Temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal bilaterally ; Bilateral No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue congenital malformation ; Developmental-malformation heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia dilation of the 3rd and lateral ventricles ; Ventriculomegaly<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx039 Scans have been performed in multiple planes, with sequences including DWT and FLAIR, without intravenous contrast. Ventricles and sulci are age-appropriate. Prominent Virchow Robin spaces are seen at the vertex, and there are Virchow Rabin space cysts at the level of the basel ganglia. Cerebral parenchymal signal intensity and architecture otherwise normal. Targeted views of the mesial temporal structures are normal, in particular with no structural lesion, or evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis. Incidentally noted on the coronal T2 weighted images is a probable trigeminal artery on the right, an incidental finding of no clinical consequence, and not further characterised on the current study. Conclusion: No structural lesion, no evidence mesial temporal sclerosis. ### Response: Ventricles and sulci ; Atrophy age-appropriate ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Virchow Robin spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space Virchow Rabin space cysts ; Virchow-Robinson-space basel ganglia ; Basal-ganglia signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal architecture ; Structural-abnormalities normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mesial temporal structures ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural lesion ; Structural-abnormalities mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis right ; Right-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural lesion ; Structural-abnormalities no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx040 Multiplanar imaging targeted to assess the-temporal lobe has been performed. The study demonstrates that the right hippocampus demonstrates significant reduced volume relative to the left. There is also loss of internal architecture and marked increased T2 signal. There is no convincing prominence of the adjacent CSF spaces relative to the the left side. These imaging findings would be-consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis. There may be very slight increased T2 signal within the anterior temporal pole white-matter on the right. This would support the diagnosis. No other focal abnormalities identified. The left hippocampus is normal in appearance. ### Response: right ; Right-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal significant reduced volume ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampus reduced volume loss of internal architecture increased T2 ; Hippocampal-sclerosis left ; Left-Lateralisation loss of internal architecture ; Loss-of-normal-internal-hippocampal-structure hippocampus significant reduced volume loss of internal architecture marked increased T2 signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis increased T2 ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue prominence CSF spaces ; CSF-space-prominence prominence CSF spaces ; CSF-space-prominence left ; Left-Lateralisation mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis may ; possible-cue increased T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal temporal pole ; Temporal-polar right ; Right-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal abnormalities ; Unspecified-lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx037 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences.   Findings: No intra or extra axial mass. No collection or parenchymal focus of signal abnormality. The grey white matter junction and appearances of the cortex is unremarkable. No evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia.   The mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology. No abnormal diffusion restriction. No signal loss on the susceptibility sequences obtained.   Conclusion: Normal examination ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue collection ; Unspecified-lesion signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal grey white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia mesial temporal lobes ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis morphology ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx022 Multiplanar, multisequence imaging of the brain were performed as per non focal epilepsy protocol. Direct comparison made with CTA Brain performed on 24/1/09   Findings: A focus of old hemorrhage is identified within the right temporo-occipital lobe. It is associated with local negative mass effect as evidenced by ex-vacuo dilatation of the adjacent occipital horn of the right lateral ventricle. There is no surrounding vasogenic edema. Slightly anterior is another focus of punctate hemosiderin stain in the right temporal lobe demonstrated on the gradient weighted sequence. No evidence of acute bleed. Diffusion weighted studied does not demonstrate evidence of acute infarct. No other intraparenchymal abnormality noted elsewhere, in particular there is no evidence to suggest chronic small vessels ischemia elsewhere. Normal flow void maintained within the dural venous sinuses Remainder of the study is unremarkable.   (Previous CTA had demonstrated subtle abnormality involving left PCOM. Note that this study is done to screen for possible cause of seizure and not targeted to assess the vessel).   ### Response: focus ; Unifocal hemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other right ; Right-Lateralisation temporo ; Temporal occipital ; Occipital negative ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect ex-vacuo dilatation ventricle ; Ventriculomegaly right ; Right-Lateralisation ex-vacuo dilatation ventricle ; Ventriculomegaly no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue edema ; Oedema focus ; Unifocal hemosiderin stain ; Haemorrhage-Other right ; Right-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue acute bleed ; Haemorrhage-Other bleed ; Haemorrhage-Other Diffusion weighted ; Diffusion-restriction does not demonstrate ; unlikely-or-negated-cue not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue acute infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue intraparenchymal abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue chronic small vessels ischemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx036 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including pre and post contrast sequences, MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy.   Comparison: CT brain dated 01/06/2016.   Findings: A 15 mm x 18 mm x 16mm (LR x AP x CC) T1/T2 heterogeneous left frontal lesion with a ""pop corn"" appearance on T1 demonstrates nodular enhancement. There is a complete rim of low T2/FLAIR signal in keeping with haemosiderin. Minor adjacent T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Associated susceptibility artifact. MRS, perfusion and DWI unreliable in the presence of calcification. No other mass lesion is identified. No DVA.   Pituitary gland measures 14mm tall, greater than expected for age. Further clinical/lab and MRI pituitary correlation would be helpful.   The remainder of the study is unremarkable.   Conclusion: 2cm left frontal mass lesion has a classic imaging appearance of a cavernoma. Mild surrounding edema may represent recent bleed. ### Response: left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal lesion ; Unspecified-lesion pop corn ; Cavernous-angioma enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement T2/FLAIR ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal haemosiderin ; Haemorrhage-Other T2/FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal calcification ; Calcification No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue DVA ; Developmental-venous-anomaly left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion cavernoma ; Cavernous-angioma edema ; Oedema may ; possible-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx034 TECHNIQUE: T1 volume, axial FSE T2 FLAIR DWI, coronal FLAIR whole brain images. Oblique coronal IR T1 and T2 temporal lobe images. REPORT: No diffusion abnormalities. Ventricles are of normal size. Normal signal throughout the deep cerebral and subcortical white matter, brain stem and cerebellum. Normal flow voids throughout the major intracranial vessels. Cerebral sulci are relatively symmetrical with no focal cortical lesions visible. Hippocampi are of normal size and signal with no evidence of focal temporal lobe lesions. No evidence of cortical dysplasia or heterotopic grey matter. CONCLUSION: No focal intracranial lesions visible. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion abnormalities ; Diffusion-restriction Ventricles ; Ventriculomegaly normal size ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal deep white matter ; Deep-white-matter subcortical white matter ; White-matter-other deep white matter ; Deep-white-matter brain stem ; Brainstem cerebellum ; Cerebellum Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss Cerebral sulci ; Atrophy symmetrical ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal cortical lesions ; Unspecified-lesion Hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue size ; Hippocampal-atrophy signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal focal ; Unifocal temporal ; Temporal lesions ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx035 Non-contrast scans were performed as per non-focal epilepsy protocol. No intra extra-axial abnormality seen. Normal grey-white matter differentiation. Normal mesial temporal and midline structures. No evidence of a neuromigrational disorder. Normal ventricular size, basal cisterns and cortical sulci. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey-white matter differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation mesial temporal ; Mesial-temporal neuromigrational disorder ; Developmental-malformation<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx021 FINDINGS: Multi sequence multiplanar images. Appearances of the cerebral and cerebellar parenchyma are within normal limits. The grey/white matter interface is preserved and midline is central. There are no signs of mass effect. The gyral and sulcal pattern appeared unremarkable. The hippocampus appeared within normal limits. Normal signal voids demonstrated. Ventricles are within normal limits. No intracranial haemorrhage or surface collection demonstrated. No abnormal signal intensity demonstrated within the brain parenchyma. Right sphenoid sinus disease is noted.   CONCLUSION: No significant intracranial abnormality was shown on this study. ### Response: cerebellar ; Cerebellum grey/white matter interface ; Grey-matter-heterotopia preserved ; unlikely-or-negated-cue midline ; Mass-effect central ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect gyral and sulcal pattern ; Atrophy unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue intracranial haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other surface collection ; Subdural-haemorrhage collection ; Subdural-haemorrhage No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Right ; Right-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx0272 Multiplanar, multisequence imaging, including whole brain FSPGR There are a few bifrontal subcortical T2 hyper intensities, particularly in the left frontal lobe, that are greater than expected for age. Their appearance is non-specific, and small vessel changes are most likely. No developmental or structural abnormality; no further intracranial abnormality. ### Response: a few ; Multifocal bifrontal ; Bilateral frontal ; Frontal subcortical ; Subcortical T2 hyper intensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal small vessel changes ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation structural abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx025 TECHNIQUE: Axial T2, FLAIR and DWI, coronal T1 gradient echo volume acquisition, FLAIR and gradient echo T2 sequences performed of the brain. FINDINGS: There is no previous imaging of the brain available for comparison. There is a very large left frontal craniotomy defect. Deep to this in the supero lateral left frontal lobe in the region of the middle and inferior frontal gyri there is some minor increased T2/FLAIR signal suggestive of some minor encephalomalacia, possibly related to prior cerebral contusion. These changes however are relatively minimal. There is also some slightly more prominent periventricular high T2 signal adjacent to the lateral aspect of the frontal horn of the left lateral ventricle. No other significant cerebral signal abnormality. There is some susceptibility artefact adjacent to the region of the left frontal craniotomy although this may be secondary to the prior surgery and some minor metal artefact. There are no other areas of susceptibility artefact to suggest other areas of cerebral haemorrhage in the past. The ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns otherwise appear within normal limits for the patients age. Normal flow voids are present within the major cerebral vessels. COMMENT: Extensive left frontal craniotomy defect with some relatively minimal foci of high T2 signal in the adjacent left frontal lobe including the middle frontal gyrus and to a lesser extent the inferior frontal gyrus. These areas probably represent some minor encephalomalacia. There is also some minor periventricular increased signal in the left frontal lobe. No other epileptogenic foci or other significant signal abnormality identified. ### Response: left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal craniotomy defect ; Post-operative frontal ; Frontal frontal ; Frontal gyri ; Cortical increased T2/FLAIR signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal suggestive ; possible-cue encephalomalacia ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion possibly ; possible-cue cerebral contusion ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion periventricular ; Periventricular high T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal frontal ; Frontal left ; Left-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal craniotomy ; Post-operative prior surgery ; Post-operative no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns ; Atrophy normal limits for the patients age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal craniotomy defect ; Post-operative high T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal lobe ; Frontal encephalomalacia ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion periventricular ; Periventricular increased signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue epileptogenic foci ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx031 Multiplanar, multisequence imaging, including whole brain FSPGR There are a few bifrontal subcortical T2 hyper intensities, particularly in the left frontal lobe, that are greater than expected for age. Their appearance is non-specific, and small vessel changes are most likely. No developmental or structural abnormality; no further intracranial abnormality. ### Response: a few ; Multifocal bifrontal ; Bilateral frontal ; Frontal subcortical ; Subcortical T2 hyper intensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal small vessel changes ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation structural abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx024 Pre and past contrast seizure protocol Note is made of the CT 16.6.08. Small area of well defined corticated calcification seen on CT corresponds to an area of non-T2 hypointensity in the right temporal cortex. No other intra or extre-axial abnormality identified developmental venous anomaly identified. (GRE sequence has not been included). No abnormal enhancement. Ventricles, sulci and cisterns unremarkable. Normal intracranial flow voids. Conclusion 4mm focus of calcification seen on CT is not associated with an underlying suspicious/sinister. It is is most probably that of a calcified cavernoma or granuloma. However, it is a potential seizure focus. ### Response: Small area ; Unifocal calcification ; Calcification area ; Unifocal non ; unlikely-or-negated-cue T2 hypointensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal right ; Right-Lateralisation temporal cortex ; Temporal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion developmental venous anomaly ; Developmental-venous-anomaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement Ventricles, sulci and cisterns ; Ventriculomegaly unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss focus ; Unifocal calcification ; Calcification not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue suspicious/sinister ; Unspecified-lesion calcified ; Calcification cavernoma ; Cavernous-angioma granuloma ; Post-inflammatory-or-infectious-lesion potential ; possible-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx032 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences. Findings: No intra or extra axial abnormality, mass or collection. No evidence of ischaemia. Grey - white matter interface appears normal. Hippocampal formations are normal in size, signal end morphology. Conclusion: Normal study. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ischaemia ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar Grey - white matter interface ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation Hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal Hippocampal size, signal end morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx026 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain isotropic volumetric FLAIR, T1 MPRAGE and TOF MRA.   Findings: No intracranial mass, collection or region of signal abnormality identified. The grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex is unremarkable, with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. Within the limits of a non-dedicated study, the mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology. No regions of abnormally restricted diffusion. The cerebral tonsils lie above the foramen magnum. Dominant left vertebral artery. The right P2 PCA is supplied mainly from the right PComA, with a reciprocally small right P1. The circle of Willis is otherwise normal.   Conclusion: No cause for seizures or other intracranial abnormality is demonstrated. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue intracranial mass ; Unspecified-lesion mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal grey-white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation appearance of the cortex ; Malformation-of-cortical-development unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia mesial temporal lobes ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal morphology ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormally restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction cerebral tonsils ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation lie above the foramen magnum ; unlikely-or-negated-cue normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cause for seizures ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx027 Technique: Sagittal and axial T1, axial T2, FLAIR and diffusion weighted images of the brain have been complimented by an MP rage sequence. Findings: There is dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, with a small amount of callosal material anteriorly, but lack of formation of the entirety of the genu to the anterior fornix. There is a small amount of body present, no posterior body or splenium. Secondary to this, the interhemispheric fissure extends to the roof of the 3rd ventricle. The lateral ventricles have a longitudinal orientation with relation to the falx. No lipoma is seen, associated with the corpus callosum. There is no evidence of hydrocephalus. Closed lip schizencephaly involves the left frontal lobe. The posterior fossa structures are normal in appearance, there is tonsillar ectopia, with extension of the tonsils through the foramen magnum by approximately 4mm. The craniocervical junction is widely patent and the upper cervical cord is normal in appearance. The 4th ventricle is not dilated. Tectal plate is normal in appearance. Heterotopic grey matter is present at the posterior aspect of the body of the left lateral ventricle, medially, measuring 1.7cm in diameter. No other area of heterotopic grey matter is identified. Normal flow voids are seen in the major intra-cranial venous and arterial structures. Conclusion: Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, almost agenesis. The indigitation of frontal gyri inferior to the faux, parallel orientation of lateral ventricles. Heterotopic grey matter at the medial border of the posterior aspect of the body of the left lateral ventricle. Closed lip left frontal schizencephaly. Tonsillar ectopia, without compression of the cervical medullary junction. ### Response: dysgenesis ; Developmental-malformation callosal ; Callosum lack of formation of the entirety of the genu ; Dysgenesis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue lipoma ; Lipoma corpus callosum ; Callosum no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus schizencephaly ; Schizencephaly left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal tonsillar ectopia ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation extension of the tonsils through the foramen magnum ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation 4th ventricle ; Ventriculomegaly ventricle ; Ventriculomegaly not dilated ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia left ; Left-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss Dysgenesis ; Developmental-malformation agenesis ; Agenesis frontal ; Frontal Heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia left ; Left-Lateralisation left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal schizencephaly ; Schizencephaly Tonsillar ectopia ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation without ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx033 TECHNIQUE: Volume T1, axial FSE T2, flair, DWI and coronal flair images of the whole brain. Thin oblique coronal FSE T2 and inversion recovery images of the temporal lobes. FINDINGS : The ventricular size and configuration are normal. Several small foci on T2 hyperintensity noted in subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemispheres most consistent with small vessel ischaemic change in this age group. Further small focus of T2 hyperintensity within the pons just to the left of midbrain is also likely ischaemic in nature. Some apparent increased signal involving the insular cortex on the axial flair images on both sides was not confirmed on the axial T2 or coronal flair images and probably represents some form of artefact. No intra-axial or extra-axial mass lesion was identified. No evidence of restricted diffusion to suggest acute ischaemia. Normal flow voids are seen in the major intracranial arteries and in the dural venous sinuses. No heterotopic grey matter identified. Some asymmetry in the size of the body of the hippocampus is seen with the right smaller than the left but there is no signal difference and the findings are of doubtful significance. CONCLUSION: Mild small vessel ischaemic changes consistent with the patient's age. No intra-axial mass lesion was identified. The right hippocampus appears slightly smaller than the left but does not show any signal abnormality. The significance of this finding is doubtful. ### Response: ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Several foci ; Multifocal Several foci ; Multifocal T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal subcortical ; Subcortical both ; Bilateral cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric hemispheres ; Hemispheric small vessel ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change focus ; Unifocal T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal pons ; Pons left ; Left-Lateralisation midbrain ; Midbrain ischaemic ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change insular cortex ; Insula both sides ; Bilateral not confirmed ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction acute ischaemia ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Some asymmetry in the size of the body of the hippocampus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis asymmetry size ; Hippocampal-atrophy asymmetry size ; Hippocampal-atrophy hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal right ; Right-Lateralisation smaller ; Hippocampal-atrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal difference ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal small vessel ischaemic changes ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation hippocampus appears slightly smaller ; Hippocampal-sclerosis smaller ; Hippocampal-atrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH093MRI FINDINGS: Multiplanar multisequence images including MR images as per epilepsy protocol There are no intra-axial or extra-axial mass Mild global cerebral atrophy with prominent perivascular spaces. There are multiple old lacuna infarcts seen in both thalami, deep white matter and also subcortical white matter as well as in the right pons. There is no acute infarct. There are patchy areas of white matter T2 hyperintensities in both cerebral hemispheres predominantly in the frontal and parietal lobes in keeping with gliotic change trom chronic small vessel ischaemia The hippocampus has a symmetrical appearance and are of normal volume No signal abnormality within the hippocampus. Incidental small bilateral hippocampal cysts. No grey matter heterotopia Ventricles and basal cisterns unremarkable CONCLUSION. 1. No intracranial mass, hippocampal sclerosis or cortical infarcts 2. Multiple old lacuna infarcts and chronic small vessel ischaemia ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Lesion global cerebral atrophy ; Atrophy cerebral atrophy ; Atrophy prominent perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space multiple ; Multifocal lacuna infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar both thalami ; Bilateral deep white matter ; Deep-white-matter subcortical white matter ; White-matter-other right ; Right-Lateralisation pons ; Pons no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue acute infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar patchy ; Multifocal white matter ; White-matter-other T2 hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal both cerebral hemispheres ; Bilateral hemispheres ; Hemispheric frontal ; Frontal parietal ; Parietal gliotic change trom chronic small vessel ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change hippocampus has a symmetrical appearance and are of normal volume ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis symmetrical appearance and are of normal volume ; unlikely-or-negated-cue normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampus volume ; Hippocampal-atrophy No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal abnormality within the hippocampus ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal abnormality hippocampus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis bilateral ; Bilateral hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal cysts ; Other-cystic-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Ventricles and basal cisterns ; Ventriculomegaly unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis cortical infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar Multiple ; Multifocal lacuna infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarcts ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH081MRI Normal parenchymal signal. No focal lesion. No cortical dysplasia or migrational anomaly. No extra-axial collection. Ventricular system and cranio-cervical junction normal. CONCLUSION: Normal study. ### Response: Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue lesion ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia migrational anomaly ; Malformation-of-cortical-development No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue collection ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricular system ; Ventriculomegaly<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH085MRI Scan sequences particularly designed to evaluate the temporal lobes show no abnormality. No signs of hippocampal sclerosis demonstrated. ### Response: temporal ; Mesial-temporal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion signs of hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH097MRI History: ? Recent seizure. Exclude epileptogenic lesion. Findings: The ventricular size and sulcal pattern is normal. There is no focal signal abnormality within the cerebellum, brainstem or cerebral hemisphere. No intra or extra-axial mass lesions present. Both hippocampi appear normal in morphology and signal intensity. There is no evidence of cortical dysplasia or heterotopia. Flow-voids in the major intracranial vessels are normal. Conclusion: No focal intracranial abnormality noted. No epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: ventricular size and sulcal pattern ; Atrophy normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal cerebellum ; Cerebellum brainstem ; Brainstem cerebral hemisphere ; Hemispheric No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesions ; Unspecified-lesion Both hippocampi ; Bilateral hippocampi appear normal in morphology and signal intensity. ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi morphology and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi morphology and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal intensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Flow-voids ; Flow-void-loss normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH089MRI Multi sequence MR images of the brain have been obtained, including a 3D FS/PGR sequence. Unfortunately, this sequence is degraded by motion artefact, limiting interpretation. Cerebral parenchymal volume, and architecture is normal, and in particular both Hippocampi are of symmetrical size, and signal intensity. No intra, or extra-axial abnormality is identified. Ventricular size, and sulcal prominence is consistent with the patient's stated age. Diffusion weighted imaging is normal CONCLUSION Normal study. No cause found for seizure. ### Response: Cerebral parenchymal volume ; Atrophy normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue both Hippocampi are of symmetrical size, and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis Hippocampi size ; Hippocampal-atrophy both Hippocampi ; Bilateral Hippocampi size, and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis Hippocampi signal intensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricular size, and sulcal prominence ; Atrophy consistent with the patient's stated age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Diffusion weighted imaging ; Diffusion-restriction<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH095MRI The series designed for initial evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy shows no abnormality. In the hippocampal formations appear normal. ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities hippocampal formations ; Bilateral<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH099MRI TECHNIQUE: MRI of the brain performed according to the epilepsy protocol including axial T2, flair and DWI coronal Tl volume acquisition and coronal flair whole brain and coronal T2 and eversion recovery scans through the temporal lobes. FINDINGS: The ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns are within normal limits for the patient's age. There is a focal infarct in the region of the anterior limb of the internal capsule/anterior lentiform nucleus with a second focal infarct in the region of the superior left lentiform nucleus. There is some minor periventricular high T2 signal consistent with small vessel ischaemic change in a patient of this age. There are also a number of prominent perivascular spaces in the inferior basal ganglia. No intra-axial or extra-axial mass lesion or haemorrhage. No other focal areas of infarction. There is no evidence of hippocampal sclerosis, cortical dysplasia, heterotopic grey matter or other developmental abnormality. Normal flow voids are present within the major cerebral vessels. Some mild mucosal thickening is noted in the left maxillary antrum and to a lesser extent in the ethmoid air cells. COMMENT: Relatively mild periventricular white matter ischaemic change with focal single penetrator type infarction of the left lentiform nucleus and right anterior internal capsule and anterior right lentiform nucleus. No focal cortical abnormality, mass lesion or other epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns ; Atrophy normal limits for the patient's age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar internal capsule ; White-matter-other lentiform nucleus ; Basal-ganglia focal ; Unifocal infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar left ; Left-Lateralisation lentiform nucleus ; Basal-ganglia periventricular ; Periventricular high T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal small vessel ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change a number of ; Multifocal prominent perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space basal ganglia ; Basal-ganglia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss left ; Left-Lateralisation periventricular white matter ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change white matter ; Deep-white-matter focal single ; Unifocal penetrator type infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar left ; Left-Lateralisation lentiform nucleus ; Basal-ganglia right ; Right-Lateralisation internal capsule ; White-matter-other right ; Right-Lateralisation lentiform nucleus ; Basal-ganglia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal cortical abnormality ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH087MRI Tumour protocol performed, includes gadolinium enhanced sequences.   Comparison is on the previous study dated 22/09/08.   Aside from reduced enhancement in the post-operative dural thickening under the right craniotomy, there is no change in the appearance resection cavity at the right post central gyrus.   On T2 weighted images, focus of increased signal at the superior margin of the cavity anteriorly, and increased cortical and subcortical signal inferior to resection cavity remains unchanged and extends deep to border the lateral ventricle (no ependymal enhancement). Minor exvacuo dilatation of the right lateral ventricle is unchanged.   No extraaxial collection is seen.   CONCLUSION The resection cavity in the right post central gyrus and the inferiorly and anterosuperiorly located adjacent areas of T2 signal abnormality are stable in size. ### Response: enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement post-operative dural thickening ; Post-operative craniotomy ; Post-operative resection cavity ; Post-operative right ; Right-Lateralisation post central gyrus ; Parietal T2 weighted images increased signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal focus ; Unifocal increased signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal increased cortical and subcortical signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal subcortical ; Subcortical increased signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal resection cavity ; Post-operative no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ependymal enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement exvacuo dilatation of the right lateral ventricle ; Ventriculomegaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue collection ; Unspecified-lesion resection cavity ; Post-operative right ; Right-Lateralisation post central gyrus ; Parietal areas of T2 signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH082MRI Noncontrast examination performed through the brain (non-focal epilepsy protocol).   Normal signal and internal architecture is maintained within both hippocampi, with no abnormality demonstrated within the amygdala, cortices and mammillary bodies. No intra axial abnormality identified, and the midline structures are normal in appearance. Ventricular size and sulcal pattern normal. No restricted diffusion or susceptibility artefact. Right parietal venous angioma.   Conclusion:  No abnormality identified. ### Response: Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal and internal architecture is maintained within both hippocampi ; Hippocampal-sclerosis internal architecture hippocampi ; Loss-of-normal-internal-hippocampal-structure both ; Bilateral signal hippocampi ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal and internal architecture hippocampi ; Hippocampal-sclerosis no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion amygdala, cortices and mammillary bodies ; Mesial-temporal cortices ; Cortical No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricular size and sulcal pattern ; Atrophy normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction Right ; Right-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal venous angioma ; Developmental-venous-anomaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH090MRI Report: Pre and post contrast imaging, including diffusion weighted imaging and intra-cranial MRV, has been performed.   A 3 cm diameter predominantly isointense lobar haemorrhage is confirmed posteriorly in the left temporal lobe, abutting the anterior margin of the occipital lobe. There is a small amount of adjacent oedema and diffusion restriction. Appearances are consistent with a haemorrhagic venous infarct. Subtle sulcal hyperintensity superiorly over the left cerebral hemisphere on FLAIR is consistent with a small amount of hyperacute haematoma extending through the subarachnoid space. The remainder of the brain parenchyma and CSF spaces are unremarkable in appearance. Post-contrast imaging and the MRV demonstrate attenuated flow through the length of the superior sagittal sinus, with occlusive thrombus posteriorly in the superior sagittal sinus, extending through the entire left transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus, into the upper left internal jugular vein. A small right parietal scalp haematoma is noted. There is mucosal thickening and secretions in the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells. COMMENT: No definite epileptiform activity was seen. A sleep deprived EEG would be probably helpful. ### Response: haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal occipital ; Occipital oedema ; Oedema diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction haemorrhagic ; Haemorrhage-Other venous infarct ; Venous-stroke hyperintensity on FLAIR ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation cerebral hemisphere ; Hemispheric hyperintensity on FLAIR ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal haematoma extending through the subarachnoid space ; Subarachnoid-haemorrhage attenuated flow through the length of the superior sagittal sinus ; Flow-void-loss thrombus ; Thrombus left ; Left-Lateralisation left ; Left-Lateralisation right ; Right-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH084MRI Findings: Cerebellar tonsils are in normal position. Ventricles are of normal size. Signal intensity in the brain stem is within normal limits. Signal intensity in the deep white matter of both cerebral hemispheres is within normal limits. The hippocampi are of normal size and signal intensity. No heterotopic grey matter. In the right occipital lobe a venous angioma is present. This is best seen on the coronal T1 sequence. No mass lesion is identified. The diffusion-weighted imaging is within normal limits. The MR angiogram demonstrates normal vertebral and basilar artery anatomy. The internal carotid arteries, middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries are also within normal limits. Posterior cerebral arteries are normal. Conclusion: Venous angioma right occipital lobe. No other abnormality Identified. Normal MR angiogram. ### Response: Cerebellar tonsils ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation normal position ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles ; Ventriculomegaly normal size ; unlikely-or-negated-cue brain stem ; Brainstem normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal deep white matter ; Deep-white-matter both cerebral hemispheres ; Bilateral cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi are of normal size and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi size and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal intensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia right ; Right-Lateralisation occipital ; Occipital venous angioma ; Developmental-venous-anomaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion diffusion-weighted imaging ; Diffusion-restriction normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue vertebral and basilar artery anatomy ; Vascular-malformation internal carotid arteries, middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries ; Vascular-malformation normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Posterior cerebral arteries ; Vascular-malformation normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Venous angioma ; Developmental-venous-anomaly right ; Right-Lateralisation occipital ; Occipital No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue other abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH088MRI Report Non-contrast multi-planar imaging, including SPGR and DW:, has been performed. There is mild lateral ventricular asymmetry, with the slight larger right lateral ventricle bulging the septum pellucidum 4 mm left of midline. Tiny (2-3 mm) rounded cystic spaces are noted in the white matter of the right frontal and parietal lobes. These most likely represent focally prominent perivascular spaces (or neuroglial cysts) of no clinical significance. The remainder of the study is unremarkable. In particular, there is no grey matter heterotopia or dyslpasia demonstrated. In addition, the hippocampal formations are of normal symmetrical appearance on this non-targeted study. " ### Response: right ; Right-Lateralisation bulging the septum pellucidum 4 mm left of midline ; Mass-effect Tiny (2-3 mm) rounded cystic spaces ; Other-cystic-lesion cystic spaces ; Other-cystic-lesion white matter ; White-matter-other right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal parietal ; Parietal focally prominent perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space prominent perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space neuroglial cysts ; Other-cystic-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia dyslpasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia hippocampal formations are of normal symmetrical appearance ; Hippocampal-sclerosis<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH096MRI REPORT: Multi-planar multi-sequence examination through the brain including a 3D gradient sequence Parenchymal signal and structure is normal. No intra nor extra axial abnormality. Conclusion: Normal examination. ### Response: signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal structure ; Structural-abnormalities normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH094MRI Technique: Sagittal T1, axial T2, axial FLAIR, coronal field echo and a temporal lobe study has been performed. Findings: There is ventricular enlargement with a small cavum septum pellucidum anteriorly. The pituitary is grossly normal and as visualised the aqueduct appears satisfactory and the fourth ventricle is of normal size. No developmental anomaly of the posterior fossa. The field echo study reveals no evidence of a previous haemorrhage. The grey matter pattern lining the sylvian fissure particularly on the right side has a pattern of polymicrogyria with some laminar heterotopic grey matter lining the left lateral ventricle at the level of the trigone best seen on the coronal images. Limbic development appears satisfactory and symmetrical. No evidence of schizencephaly. No significant white matter disease identified. The corpus callosum is intact and no other supratentorial anomaly is detected. FLAIR sequences show no evidence of a recent cerebral infarct. CONCLUSION The appearances would favour a migrational anomaly with areas of polymicrogyria involving the lining of the sylvian fissures best appreciated on the sagittal images as well as laminar heterotopic grey matter posteriorly on the left side. No trans-ependymal spread of CSF or sulcal compression to suggest raised intracranial pressure but the lateral ventricles are mildly dilated with the remaining ventricular system appearing satisfactory. ### Response: ventricular enlargement ; Ventriculomegaly the aqueduct appears satisfactory and the fourth ventricle is of normal size ; Hydrocephalus aqueduct ; Ventriculomegaly appears satisfactory normal size ; unlikely-or-negated-cue satisfactory ; unlikely-or-negated-cue fourth ventricle size ; Ventriculomegaly appears satisfactory normal size ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue developmental anomaly ; Malformation-of-cortical-development no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other grey matter ; Cortical right ; Right-Lateralisation polymicrogyria ; Polymicrogyria laminar heterotopic grey matter lining the left lateral ventricle ; Periventricular-nodular-heterotopia heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia left ; Left-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue schizencephaly ; Schizencephaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue white matter disease ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change disease ; Unspecified-lesion corpus callosum ; Callosum no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue anomaly ; Unspecified-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar migrational anomaly ; Malformation-of-cortical-development polymicrogyria ; Polymicrogyria laminar heterotopic grey matter ; Subcortical-laminar-heterotopia heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia left ; Left-Lateralisation lateral ventricles are mildly dilated ; Ventriculomegaly ventricular system ; Ventriculomegaly<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH086MRI Technique: Sagittal Tl, axial FLAIR and T2 along the line of the hippocampal formations. Coronal T2, FLAIR, DWI perpendicular to the hippocampal formations. Coronal whole brain SPGR. Report: There is no mass or midline shift. There is no evidence of heterotopic grey matter or cortical dysplasia. The hippocampi have a normal appearance. Conclusion: No epileptogenic lesion identified ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion midline shift ; Mass-effect no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: RMH098MRI Technique: Sagittal T1, axial FLAIR, T2, coronal T2, FLAIR, Diffusion and 3D SPGR, ADC. Findings: Few small foci of T2 hyperintensity are present in the supratentorial white matter most likely representing small vessel ischaemic changes. The ventricular size and sulcal pattern is normal. No evidence of recent infarction. Both hippocampi appear normal in morphology and signal intensity. There is no evidence of cortical dysplasia or heterotropic grey matter. No intra or extra-axial mass lesions present. The flow-voids in the major intracranial vessels are normal. Conclusion: No epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: Few small foci ; Multifocal T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal white matter ; White-matter-other small vessel ischaemic changes ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change ventricular size and sulcal pattern ; Atrophy normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar Both hippocampi appear normal in morphology and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi morphology and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi morphology and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal intensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia heterotropic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesions ; Unspecified-lesion flow-voids ; Flow-void-loss normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue epileptogenic focus ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx075 TECHNIQUE: T1 volume acquisition with axial, sagittal and coronal reconstruction. Axial T2 and proton density was followed. Coronal T2 and coronal FLAIR was also obtained. FINDINGS: The hippocampogyrus is of normal appearance bilaterally. No dilatation of the temporal horns is demonstrated. The grey/white matter differentiation is preserved. No supra or infratentorial pathology identified. The ventricular system, cortical sulci and basal cistern are normal for age. CONCLUSION: Normal appearance of the hippogampogyrus and the temporal horns. No evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis. ### Response: hippocampogyrus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis bilaterally ; Bilateral No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue dilatation of the temporal horns is demonstrated ; Ventriculomegaly grey/white matter differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation preserved ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue pathology ; Unspecified-lesion ventricular system, cortical sulci and basal cistern ; Atrophy normal for age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippogampogyrus and the temporal horns ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx061 SEQUENCES: Coronal volume, sagittal T1, axial T1, axial T2 and coronal field echo. FINDINGS No cerebral or cerebellar abnormality has been demonstrated. The outline of the white matter is normal and there is no extra axial abnormality. The field echo imaging has demonstrated no old blood products. Volumetric imaging has demonstrated a normal outline to the hippocampus. It appears symmetrical from side to side with no signal change within. The outline of the posterior fossa and cerebellopontine angle area is normal. CONCLUSION Normal examination. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral ; Cortical cerebellar ; Cerebellum abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion white matter ; White-matter-other no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue blood products ; Haemorrhage-Other normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampus ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology symmetrical from side to side ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal change ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx074 TECHNIQUE: Volume T1, axial FSE T2, flair, DWI and coronal flair images of the whole brain. Thin oblique coronal express T2 with inversion recovery images of the temporal lobes. REPORT: The ventricular size and configuration are normal. Quite prominent perivascular space is noted particularly towards the vertex, a normal variant. No convincing evidence of focal cerebral signal abnormality is seen. No restricted diffusion. The cerebral sulcal pattern is normal with no focal cortical dysplasia identified. No heterotopic grey matter is seen. Examination of the temporal lobes show that the head and anterior body of each hippocampus is of normal size and signal intensity. The posterior aspect of each hippocampus appears relatively small. Some small cystic spaces are seen within the body of each hippocampus of doubtful significance. Temporal lobe appearances are otherwise normal. Normal flow voids are seen in the major intracranial arteries and in the dural venous sinuses. Limited views of the orbits and paranasal sinuses show no abnormality. CONCLUSION: The posterior aspect of each hippocampus is relatively small which is likely due to atrophy in this age group. The examination is otherwise essentially normal. ### Response: ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue prominent perivascular space ; Virchow-Robinson-space perivascular ; Periventricular No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction cerebral sulcal pattern ; Malformation-of-cortical-development normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia temporal lobes ; Temporal head and anterior body of each hippocampus size and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal head and anterior body of each hippocampus size and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal small ; Hippocampal-atrophy small cystic spaces ; Other-cystic-lesion cystic spaces ; Other-cystic-lesion hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal Temporal lobe ; Temporal Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx062 Multiplanar imaging was performed through the brain including thin section coronal sequences through the mesial temporal structures. The hippocampi and para hippocampal gyri have a normal appearance. No cerebral parenchymal signal or structural abnormality identified. Volume and ventricular size normal NOTE: Appearance of the posterior fossa structures is in keeping with normal variation. CONCLUSION: No abnormality detected. ### Response: hippocampi and para hippocampal gyri ; Hippocampal-sclerosis para hippocampal gyri ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral parenchymal ; Cortical signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal structural abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities Volume and ventricular size ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx076 Multiplanar, multisequence images were obtained through the brain.   Findings: The midline structures have normal appearance.   The hippocampal structures appears equal on either side with no evidence of signal alteration, volume loss or architectural distortion. The amygdala, parahippocampal gyri and the collateral white matter show normal appearance on both sides There is no evidence of heterotopic grey matter or band heterotopia is noted. Grey-white matter differentiation is preserved with no evidence of blurring of the grey and white matter junction. Few scattered FLAIR hyperintensities are noted within the left optic radiation and in the left centrum semi ovale on the upper limit for age; appearances most in keeping with small vessels ischemia.   Note is made of left sided sinus disease   Conclusion: No focal change in the brain to explain the patient's symptom ### Response: hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal hippocampal architectural distortion ; Loss-of-normal-internal-hippocampal-structure either side ; Bilateral no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal signal alteration ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal hippocampal volume loss ; Hippocampal-atrophy hippocampal signal alteration volume loss architectural distortion ; Hippocampal-sclerosis amygdala, parahippocampal gyri ; Mesial-temporal parahippocampal gyri ; Mesial-temporal white matter ; White-matter-other on both sides ; Bilateral no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia band heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Grey-white matter differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation preserved ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue blurring of the grey and white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation grey and white matter junction ; Grey-white-matter-junction Few scattered ; Multifocal FLAIR hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation optic radiation ; White-matter-other left ; Left-Lateralisation centrum semi ovale ; White-matter-other small vessels ischemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change left ; Left-Lateralisation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal change ; Unspecified-lesion<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx077 Multiplanar imaging has been performed. Study is normal with no signal abnormality identified. No cortical abnormality. Both hippocampi have a normal and symmetric appearance. Conclusion: Normal study. ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical ; Cortical abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Both ; Bilateral hippocampi have a normal and symmetric appearance ; Hippocampal-sclerosis<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx063 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences. Susceptibility artefacts partially degrades some images of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa.   Comparison: Reference is made to the previous CT brain from 23/06/2016.   Findings: A punctate FLAIR hyperintense focus in the right frontal lobe periventricular white matter is nonspecific and of dubious clinical significance. No intra or extra-axial mass, collection or other regions of signal abnormality identified. The grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex is unremarkable, with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia.   There is subtle asymmetry of the hippocampal formations, slightly larger on the right than the left. The T2-weighted sequence angled coronal to the hippocampal formation unfortunately excludes the posterior half of the hippocampal formations are normal, but shows indistinct internal architecture bilaterally.   Conclusion: No unequivocal epileptogenic focus identified. However impression of subtle asymmetry of the hippocampal formations warrants repeat dedicated coronal T2 sequence to obtain coverage of the entire hippocampal formation. This is being arranged. ### Response: punctate focus ; Unifocal FLAIR hyperintense focus ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal punctate focus ; Unifocal right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal periventricular white matter ; Deep-white-matter white matter ; White-matter-other No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal grey-white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia subtle asymmetry of the hippocampal formations ; Hippocampal-sclerosis asymmetry of the hippocampal formations ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal right ; Right-Lateralisation left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal indistinct internal architecture ; Loss-of-normal-internal-hippocampal-structure bilaterally ; Bilateral No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue epileptogenic focus ; Structural-abnormalities impression ; possible-cue subtle asymmetry of the hippocampal formations ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx073 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain FSPGR. Findings: There are multiple small nonspecific T2 hyperintensities in the periventricular white matter. Given the patients aged is likely represent small vessel ischaemic change. No other significant intracranial abnormality seen. In particular the cortex and hippocampi are normal in appearance. Conclusion: Small vessel ischaemic change otherwise normal examination. ### Response: multiple ; Multifocal nonspecific T2 hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal T2 hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal periventricular white matter ; Deep-white-matter white matter ; White-matter-other small vessel ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion cortex ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia normal in appearance ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx066 History: Two recent seizure-like episodes. CT demonstrating “asymmetric ventricles”. Technique: Sagittal T1, axial and oblique coronal dual echo T2 and oblique coronal FLAIR images and a volume T1 acquisition reformatted in the oblique coronal plane. Findings: Some lateral ventricular asymmetry is seen which is normal. Incidental note is made of a small cavum vergae. The brain appears normal. In particular, no MTS is identified. There is no evidence of grey matter heterotopia. Conclusion: Normal examination. ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue MTS ; Hippocampal-sclerosis no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx070 TECHNIQUE: Thin slice inversion recovery coronal. Thin slice T2 weighted fast spin echo coronal. T1 spin echo sagittal. T2 fast spin echo axial. FLAIR axial. Images for volumetric analysis on the accompanying CD. FINDINGS: No mass lesion or major infarct. No disruption in grey/white matter distribution. No epileptogenic focus identified. CONCLUSION Normal appearances. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion major infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue disruption in grey/white matter distribution ; Grey-matter-heterotopia grey/white matter ; Grey-white-matter-junction No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx064 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence MRI imaging through the brain was performed as per the non-focal epilepsy protocol Findings: A single 2mm area of 72 hyperintensity is demonstrated within the white matter of the left middle frontal gyrus. This is non-specific in a patient of this age. No abnormal signal seen in the region of the hippocampi. No structural abnormality. Conclusion: No cause for seizure identified. ### Response: single area ; Unifocal single area ; Unifocal 72 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal white matter ; White-matter-other left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal gyrus ; Cortical No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal abnormal signal hippocampi ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx071 The hippocampi are normal in size, shape and signal characteristics. There is no difference in grey or white differentiation of the temporal lobes. No structural midline abnormalities. No areas of abnormal restricted diffusion. CONCLUSION: Normal study. ### Response: hippocampi are normal in size, shape and signal characteristics ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi size, shape and signal characteristics ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal characteristics ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal no difference ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey or white differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation temporal lobes ; Temporal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural abnormalities ; Structural-abnormalities structural abnormalities ; Structural-abnormalities No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx450 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain as per the study protocol.   Findings: A few punctate foci of white matter FLAIR hyperintensity in the frontal lobes most likely represent chronic small vessel ischaemic change. No intra-or extra-axial mass or other signal abnormality is identified on these sequences. There is no signal loss on the susceptibility-weighted sequences obtained. No abnormal diffusion restriction. The cerebral cortex is unremarkable with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. Allowing for non-dedicated sequences the mesial temporal lobes including the hippocampi are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology.   Conclusion: Normal examination. ### Response: few punctate foci ; Multifocal white matter ; White-matter-other FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal frontal lobes ; Frontal chronic small vessel ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction cerebral cortex ; Cortical no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia mesial temporal lobes including the hippocampi are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi size ; Hippocampal-atrophy hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx068 No intra or extraaxial mass is demonstrated. Mild periventricular and left forceps major perivascular flair hyperintensity suggests mild chronic ischaemia. Prominent Virchowt-Robin spaces are noted bilaterally in the forceps major, corona radiata and centrum semiovale. ?is there a history of hypertension. No other abnormal signal seen. No intra or extraaxial masses. Normal appearance of hippocampi. No evidence of grey matter matter heterotopia. Conclusion Prominent VR spaces. ?Is there a history of hypertension. Otherwise normal study. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion periventricular ; Periventricular left ; Left-Lateralisation forceps major ; White-matter-other perivascular ; Periventricular flair hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal suggests ; possible-cue mild chronic ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change chronic ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change Prominent Virchowt-Robin spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space Virchowt-Robin spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space bilaterally ; Bilateral forceps major ; White-matter-other corona radiata ; White-matter-other centrum semiovale ; White-matter-other No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue masses ; Unspecified-lesion Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey matter matter heterotopia. ; Grey-matter-heterotopia<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx080 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences on the 3T scanner.   Findings:  No intra- or extra-axial mass, collection or region of signal abnormality identified. The grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex is unremarkable, with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. A left inferior parietal transmedullary vessel is seen passing from the ependymal surface to the grey white matter junction, where there is an ovoid focus of susceptibility change with a subtle focus of T1 hyperintensity.   The mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology allowing for incomplete inversion of the left hippocampus - anatomical variant. No diffusion restriction.   A subtle linear T1 hyperintensity appears to abut the anterior wall of the right transverse sinus medially, with corresponding susceptibility on SWI and no calcification on previous CT, possibly representing a small amount of incorporated old mural thrombus. The sinus is otherwise is of normal caliber and maintains a normal flow void.   Sulci are borderline prominent for age. Bilateral maxillary and ethmoid air cell mucosal thickening.   Conclusion: Left inferior parietal transmedullary vessel most likely either represents a developmental venous anomaly with tiny cavernoma or alternatively (if there is relevant history of traumatic head injury) post traumatic. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion region of signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal grey-white matter junction ; Grey-white-matter-junction cortex ; Cortical no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal grey white matter junction ; Grey-white-matter-junction focus ; Unifocal mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal hippocampi morphology ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction right ; Right-Lateralisation no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue calcification ; Calcification possibly ; possible-cue thrombus ; Thrombus normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow void ; Flow-void-loss Sulci ; Atrophy borderline prominent for age ; possible-cue Left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal likely ; possible-cue developmental venous anomaly ; Developmental-venous-anomaly cavernoma ; Cavernous-angioma alternatively ; possible-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx079 Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain Ventricular size, sulcal pattern and extraaxial CSF spaces are age-appropriate. No focal parenchymal signal abnormality is present. In particular no abnormality evident in the frontal lobe. No evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. The mesial temporal lobes are symmetrical and of normal configuration. Normal intracranial vascular flow voids demonstrated. No evidence of diffusion restriction to the presence of acute or sub acute infarction. Conclusion: No focal abnormality detected. ### Response: Ventricular size, sulcal pattern and extraaxial CSF spaces ; Atrophy age-appropriate ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion frontal ; Frontal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia mesial temporal ; Mesial-temporal mesial temporal lobes ; Hippocampal-sclerosis mesial temporal symmetrical and of normal configuration ; Hippocampal-sclerosis flow voids ; Flow-void-loss No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction acute or sub acute infarction ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar acute infarction ; Acute-intracranial-abnormality No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx078 Noncontrast study performed as per non-focal epilepsy protocol. Small area of subcortical T2 hyperintensity is present in the anterior pole of the left temporal lobe. The overlying cortex is normal and there is no positive mass effect. 2-3 punctate white matter T2 hyperintensities elsewhere are within normal limits. The cerebellar tonsils are low lying and peg-shaped with mild cervicomedullary kink. No upper cervical syrinx. Midline structures are otherwise normal. No other intracranial abnormality, in particular no evidence of mass, haemorrhage or infarct. Small mucous retention cyst noted within the aerated right pterygoid processes. The right mastoid air cells appear hypoplastic and partially opacified. No significant calvarial abnormality.   ### Response: Small area ; Unifocal subcortical ; Subcortical T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal anterior pole temporal ; Temporal-polar left ; Left-Lateralisation anterior pole temporal ; Temporal-polar cortex ; Cortical normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect 2-3 punctate ; Multifocal white matter ; White-matter-other T2 hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal cerebellar tonsils are low lying ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue syrinx ; Other-cystic-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar cyst ; Other-cystic-lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx016 Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain as per non focal epilepsy protocol, with some sequences moderately movement affected. Comparison made with CT Brain performed on 23/1/09.   Findings: A focus of restricted diffusion with moderate T2 FLAIR hyperintensity in the left corona radiata is consistent with a recent small infarct. Small ill defined areas of diffusion restriction are also present at the left posterior corona radiata/posterior limb internal capsule and the tegmentum of midbrain centrally, with minor T2 hyperintensity.   An old lacunar infarct is identified within the right frontal horn periventricular white matter. Elsewhere a few nonspecific T2 high signal foci are scattered within the supratentorial white matter. Subtle ill defined T2 hyperintensity is also seen in the right pons.   Right P1 artery appears tortuous and it was shown to be markedly calcified on CT, but not that MRA has not been included in this protocol. Grey white matter differentiation and midline structures are normal. Ventricles and sulci are normal.   Conclusion: Supra and infratentorial white matter lesions are most likely ischaemic, despite central location of the midbrain lesion. Further evaluation with MRA or CTA (+/- follow up with stroke protocol) may be helpful. Any neurology clinically?   Definite cause of seizures not identified. ### Response: restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction T2 FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation corona radiata ; White-matter-other diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction left ; Left-Lateralisation corona radiata/posterior limb internal capsule ; White-matter-other T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal lacunar infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal periventricular white matter ; Deep-white-matter white matter ; Deep-white-matter a few foci ; Multifocal nonspecific T2 high signal foci ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal T2 high signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal a few foci ; Multifocal scattered ; Multifocal white matter ; White-matter-other T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal right ; Right-Lateralisation pons ; Pons calcified ; Calcification Grey white matter differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles and sulci ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue white matter ; White-matter-other lesions ; Lesion ischaemic ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change midbrain ; Midbrain<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx002 TECHNIQUE: Volume Tl, Axial FSE T2, FLAIR, DWI and coronal FLAIR images of the whole brain. Thin oblique coronal inversion recovery and FSE T2 images of the temporal lobes. FINDINGS: The ventricular size and configuration are normal. The cerebral sulcal pattern is within normal limits. No heterotrophic grey matter was identified. No focal cerebral signal abnormality. Posterior fossa appearances are normal. Normal flow voids are seen in the major intracranial arteries and in the dural venous sinuses. Images of the temporal lobe show symmetry of size and signal of the hippocampal formations. No restricted diffusion. CONCLUSION: No structural brain abnormality was demonstrated. ### Response: ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral sulcal pattern ; Atrophy within normal limits ; unlikely-or-negated-cue normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotrophic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal cerebral signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Posterior fossa ; Cerebellum Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss temporal lobe ; Temporal symmetry ; unlikely-or-negated-cue size and signal of the hippocampal formations ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology signal hippocampal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal size hippocampal ; Hippocampal-atrophy restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural brain abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx003 Scan sequences particularly designed for examination of the temporal lobes was performed on the three Tesla scanner without contrast medium. Coronal views show that the mid and anterior portions of the left hippocampal formation increased in size, compared with the left, and have lost their normal architectural markings. No T2 elongation is detected. The super medial aspect of the left superior temporal gyrus also appears thickened and the left amygdaloid body appears slightly larger than the right. The left mammillary body appears smaller than the right. There is slightly les white matter in the left anterior temporal lobe. The scattered small ischaemic changes in the white matter the cerebral hemispheres has been previously described. Conclusion Increase in size of the left hippocampal formation and adjacent grey matter structures without increase in signal of T2 weighted scans is more in keeping with dysplasia than low grade glioma, although the latter is not excluded. Recent seizure could result in the swollen left hippocampal formation, but that is usually associated with increased signal on T2 weighted scans. ### Response: left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampal formation ; Mesial-temporal left ; Left-Lateralisation lost their normal architectural markings ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue T2 elongation ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal gyrus ; Cortical thickened ; Cortical-thickening left ; Left-Lateralisation amygdaloid body ; Mesial-temporal larger ; Hypertrophy right ; Right-Lateralisation left ; Left-Lateralisation mammillary body ; Subcortical smaller ; Atrophy right ; Right-Lateralisation les white matter ; Atrophy white matter ; White-matter-other left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal lobe ; Temporal scattered ; Multifocal small ischaemic changes ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change white matter ; White-matter-other cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric Increase in size ; Hypertrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampal formation ; Mesial-temporal without ; unlikely-or-negated-cue increase in signal of T2 weighted scans ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal dysplasia ; Dysplasia low grade glioma ; Low-grade-tumour the latter is not excluded ; possible-cue not excluded ; possible-cue swollen ; Oedema left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampal formation ; Mesial-temporal increased signal on T2 ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx017 TECHNIQUE: Volume T1, axial FSE T2, FLAIR, DWI and coronal FLAIR images of the whole brain. Oblique coronal inversion recovery and FSE T2 sequences of the temporal lobes. FINDINGS: The ventricular size and configuration are normal. The cerebral sulcal pattern is unremarkable with no focal dysplasia identified. No heterotopic grey matter. No intra-axial or extra-axial mass lesion was identified. The images of temporal lobes show some mild hyperintensity within the body of the right hippocampus. The head does not appear definitely involved and the change is most marked on the coronal FLAIR sequence. If there is volume loss it is quite minimal and no evidence of positive mass effect is seen. The changes are suspicious for mesial temporal sclerosis. No other structural brain abnormality was identified. Normal flow voids are seen within the major intracranial arteries and in the dural venous sinuses. Limited images of the orbits and paranasal sinuses show no abnormality. CONCLUSION: Some T2 hyperintensity is noted within the body of the right hippocampus both anteriorly and posteriorly. There may be some minimal volume loss, although this is marginal and the changes are thought most likely to reflect mesial temporal sclerosis. Limbic encephalitis is a less likely possibility due to the lack of mass effect and neoplasm is also thought unlikely. No other suggestion of structural brain abnormality. ### Response: ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion temporal lobes ; Temporal hyperintensity ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal right ; Right-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal volume loss ; Hippocampal-atrophy minimal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural brain abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss T2 hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal right ; Right-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal may be ; possible-cue volume loss ; Hippocampal-atrophy mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis Limbic encephalitis ; Limbic-encephalitis less likely ; unlikely-or-negated-cue lack of ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect neoplasm ; Tumours unlikely ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx015 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including pre and post contrast sequences, MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy. In addition an MR angiogram was performed. Direct comparison is made with the external studies.   Findings: The multicystic elongated lesion centred in the left cingulate gyrus, with small cystic components involving the adjacent corpus callosum and frontal lobe is once again noted. There is no evidence of abnormal enhancement. Cortical thickening and subcortical T2 signal abnormality is seen involving the right inferior frontal gyrus. There is some linear tapering towards the ventricular surface. There is no abnormal spectroscopy in this region. Normal spectroscopy. No evidence of enhancement.   Conclusion: 1. The multicystic left cingulate region is favoured to represent a giant peri-vascular space. 2. The lesion in the right inferior frontal gyrus is favoured to represent a cortical dysplasia, possibly Taylor's type. Unfortunately, a low-grade glial series tumour cannot be totally excluded.   ### Response: multicystic elongated lesion ; Other-cystic-lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation cingulate gyrus ; Cortical small cystic components ; Other-cystic-lesion cystic components ; Other-cystic-lesion corpus callosum ; Callosum frontal lobe ; Frontal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement Cortical thickening ; Cortical-thickening subcortical ; Subcortical T2 signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal gyrus ; Cortical No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement multicystic ; Other-cystic-lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation cingulate region ; Cortical giant peri-vascular space ; Virchow-Robinson-space lesion ; Lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal gyrus ; Cortical cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia low-grade glial series tumour ; Low-grade-tumour<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx014 Technique:  Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain isotropic volumetric FLAIR and T1 MPRAGE.   Comparison: CT brain from 10/4/2017.   Findings: No intra or extra-axial mass, collection or region of signal abnormality identified. The grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex is unremarkable, with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. Prominent perivascular spaces and bifrontal extra-axial spaces, stable to previous.   Within the limits of a non-dedicated study, the mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology.   Conclusion:  Normal examination. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal grey-white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia Prominent perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space bifrontal ; Frontal mesial temporal lobes ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx004 Scans have been performed in multiple planes, with sequences including DWI and FLAIR, without intravenous contrast. Cerebral parenchymal signal intensity and architecture are normal. Ventricles and sulci are age-appropriate. Views targeting the hippocampi show normal signal intensity, internal structure, and only subtle asymmetry with the tall of the left hippocampus slightly smaller than the right. This is insufficient to diagnose mesial temporal sclerosis. No structural lesion shown. ### Response: signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal architecture ; Structural-abnormalities normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles and sulci ; Atrophy age-appropriate ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi signal intensity, internal structure, and only subtle asymmetry ; Hippocampal-sclerosis asymmetry ; Hippocampal-atrophy left ; Left-Lateralisation hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal smaller ; Atrophy right ; Right-Lateralisation insufficient to diagnose ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue structural lesion ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx010 Imaging was obtained in multiple planes. No abnormality detected. No evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Acute-intracranial-abnormality No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx011 Multiplanar scans of the brain include coronal flare. T2 and stir sequences as well as volumetric coronal acquisitions. The Hippocampi are symmetrical in size and signal. No cortical dysplasia, mass lesion or heterotropic grey area is demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Normal MRI of the brian. ### Response: Hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal Hippocampi size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion heterotropic grey area ; Grey-matter-heterotopia<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx005 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence Imaging has been obtained through the brain including post contrast (Magnevist15mL (dimeglumine gadopentetate 7.035g) ). Findings: No intra or extraaxial abnormality, mass, or collection. No abnormal enhancement. There is signal attenuation in the left sigmoid and transverse sinus with small filing detect (in left transverse sinus) probably due to sluggish flow and prominent arachnoid granulation. However if clinically suspicious for venous sinus thrombosis further evaluation with CTV or MRV recommended. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Acute-intracranial-abnormality mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement left ; Left-Lateralisation small filing detect ; Flow-void-loss filing detect ; Flow-void-loss left ; Left-Lateralisation probably due to sluggish flow ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx013 Technique: Multiplanar multisequence imaging including FLAIR, T2, T1, DTI, SWI and ASL perfusion.   No imaging is available for comparison.   Findings: No intracranial signal abnormality or mass identified. No restricted diffusion or susceptibility artefact. No hydrocephalus. Minor asymmetry of the lateral ventricles is within expected limits. CBF is unremarkable.   Conclusion: Normal examination. No cause for the patient's presentation identified. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal mass ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus asymmetry of the lateral ventricles ; Ventriculomegaly<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx007 Technique T1 sagittal, FLAIR axial, T2 axial, echo planar axial and DWI imaging, along with gradient coronal scans have been performed. Findings No intra or extra axial acute changes. Gray/white differentiation is preserved. No haemorrhage. Conclusion Normal study. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue acute changes ; Acute-intracranial-abnormality Gray/white differentiation ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation preserved ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx006 Technique: Multiplanar and multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences.   Comparison: Reference made to CT brain from 11/12/2016.   Findings: There is some cortical irregularity along the lateral margin of the left superior and middle temporal gyri associated with multiple small blooming artefact foci consistent with haemorrhagic sequela of the previous trauma. A cluster of a few blooming artefacts foci is also noted in the right inferior frontal gyrus, likewise consistent with traumatic microhaemorrhage. The grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex is otherwise unremarkable, with no evidence of cortical dysplasia or grey matter heterotopia. The mesial temporal lobes, including the hippocampi, are unremarkable in size, signal and morphology. The ventricles and basal cisterns are normal. No intra or extra-axial mass or collections identified. There is minimal diffuse paranasal sinuses mucosal thickening.   Conclusion: Right frontal and left temporal lobe sequela of previous haemorrhagic contusions. No other brain abnormalities identified. ### Response: cortical irregularity ; Structural-abnormalities temporal ; Temporal gyri ; Cortical multiple foci ; Multifocal blooming artefact foci ; Haemorrhage-Other multiple foci ; Multifocal haemorrhagic sequela ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion blooming artefacts foci ; Haemorrhage-Other a few foci ; Multifocal right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal gyrus ; Cortical traumatic microhaemorrhage ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion grey-white matter junction ; Grey-white-matter-junction cortex ; Cortical unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Dysplasia mesial temporal lobes ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal morphology ; Loss-of-normal-internal-hippocampal-structure ventricles and basal cisterns ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion collections ; Unspecified-lesion Right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal haemorrhagic contusions ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx012 Technique: T1, T2, FLAIR and gradient echo images were obtained in multiple planes. Findings: Foci of increased of increased T2 signal is seen in the periventricular white matter and the cerebellar hemispheres. The appearances are non-specific but most likely due to deep white matter ischaemia. The corpus callosum and brain stem have normal appearance. No cortical infarct is detected. The ventricles are not dilated. No intra-cranial mass or subdural collection is seen. The hippocampus is normal in size and signal. No abnormality of the craniocervical junction is seen. Normal flow is demonstrated in the major intracranial arteries. Conclusion: Appearances are consistent with deep white matter ischaemia. ### Response: Foci ; Multifocal increased T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal periventricular white matter ; Deep-white-matter cerebellar hemispheres ; Cerebellum deep white matter ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change corpus callosum ; Callosum brain stem ; Brainstem No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion subdural collection ; Subdural-haemorrhage hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal hippocampus size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow ; Flow-void-loss deep white matter ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx020 TECHNIQUE: T1 volume, axial FSE T2, FLAIR, DWI whole brain images with oblique coronal IRT1 and T2 temporal lobe images. REPORT: Hippocampi are of normal size and signal with no focal temporal lobe lesions visible. Several sulci are relatively symmetrical with no focal cortical lesions evident. Ventricles are of normal size. A number of T2 hyperintense lesions are situated within the deep cerebral white matter and subcortical white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Signal throughout the brain stem and cerebellum is normal. No diffusion abnormality. Cerebellar tonsils are normally positioned. No mass lesions within the posterior fossa or cerebral hemispheres. No suprasellar or pineal mass. CONCLUSION: A number of T2 hyperintense lesions are situated within the deep cerebral and subcortical white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. The appearance is non specific, but raises the possibility of demyelination. However, the findings could be incidental or related to other conditions such as migraine, hypertension, ADEM or previous head injury. ### Response: Hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal normal size and signal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Hippocampi size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal temporal lobe ; Temporal lesions ; Unspecified-lesion no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal cortical lesions ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia Ventricles size ; Ventriculomegaly normal size ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles size ; Ventriculomegaly A number of ; Multifocal T2 hyperintense lesions ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal deep cerebral white matter ; Deep-white-matter subcortical white matter ; White-matter-other cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric brain stem ; Brainstem cerebellum ; Cerebellum normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion abnormality ; Diffusion-restriction Cerebellar tonsils ; Inferior-tonsillar-herniation normally positioned ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesions ; Unspecified-lesion cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric mass ; Unspecified-lesion A number of ; Multifocal T2 hyperintense ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal lesions ; Unspecified-lesion deep cerebral white matter ; Deep-white-matter subcortical white matter ; White-matter-other deep cerebral white matter ; Deep-white-matter cerebral hemispheres ; Hemispheric demyelination ; Demyelination could be ; possible-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx008 TECHNIQUE: Coronal FLAIR and T1 volume high resolution whole brain. Oblique coronal T2 and inversion recovery T1 weighted scans through the temporal lobe. Axial T2, gradient echo T2, FLAIR and DWI whole brain. REPORT: The ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns appear within normal limits for the patients age. There is no intracranial mass lesion, haemorrhage or collection. The hippocampi appear normal and symmetrical in size and signal with no changes suggestive of hippocampal sclerosis. There is no grey matter heterotopia, cortical dysplasia or other focal cortical lesion visible. No significant white matter signal abnormality. No evidence of avascular malformation. Normal flow voids within the major cerebral vessels. COMMENT: Normal MRI brain with no epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns ; Atrophy normal limits for the patients age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other collection ; Unspecified-lesion hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi symmetrical in size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia focal cortical lesion ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia cortical ; Cortical lesion ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue white matter signal abnormality ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change signal abnormality. ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue avascular malformation ; Vascular-malformation vascular malformation ; Vascular-malformation Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx009 Technique: Pre and post-contrast multiplanar multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain, including whole brain volumetric FLAIR sequences.   Comparison: No prior imaging available for comparison.   Findings: Small white matter lesion in the left peritrigonal white matter, nonspecific, and not suggestive of demyelination. No diffusion restriction abnormality or abnormal contrast enhancement. No other lesion seen. No intracranial haemorrhage. Two parafalcine regions of susceptibility artefact may represent calcification, no CT for comparison. The more anterior of these contains some high T1 signal representing falcine ossification with marrow.   Ventricles and peripheral CSF spaces are normal. No abnormality of the globes or pituitary. Normal intracranial flow voids. Included paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells are clear.   Conclusion: No specific evidence of demyelination or alternative cause for symptoms identified. ### Response: white matter ; Deep-white-matter left ; Left-Lateralisation peritrigonal ; White-matter-other white matter ; Deep-white-matter not suggestive ; unlikely-or-negated-cue demyelination ; Demyelination No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion restriction abnormality ; Diffusion-restriction contrast enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue other lesion ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue intracranial haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other Two regions ; Multifocal Two regions ; Multifocal may represent ; possible-cue calcification ; Calcification falcine ossification ; Calcification Ventricles and peripheral CSF spaces ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Structural-abnormalities pituitary ; Subcortical Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx019 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including pre and post contrast sequences and time of flight MRA. Brainlab sequences have been performed.   Findings: Note is made of DSA dated 22/12/14.   Left parietal arteriovenous malformation, with peripherally located nidus measuring 18 x 13 x 10mm. Arterial supply is via a large MCA branch. The nidus has both superficial and deep venous drainage to the superior sagittal sinus and internal cerebral veins. No large intranidal aneurysm. No evidence of recent haemorrhage or infarct. Brainlab sequences performed.   Conclusion: Left parietal AVM supplied by a left parietal AVM branch with both superficial and deep venous drainage. ### Response: Left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal arteriovenous malformation ; Arteriovenous-malformation No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue aneurysm ; Cerebral-aneurysm No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar Left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal AVM ; Arteriovenous-malformation left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx018 HEP study protocol without contrast HREC 2013.094   Newly diagnosed focal epilepsy   Note is made of the external MRI scan films 25/9/2014.   A 16 x 10 mm ovoid unusually appearing lesion in the right frontal white matter has a thin smooth rim of FLAIR hyperintensity but minimal central suppression. No susceptibility. Increased diffusivity. No other intra-axial lesion identified.   Asymmetry at the right cerebellomedullary cistern with mass effect but without diffusion restriction is in keeping with an arachnoid cyst.   Remainder of examination unremarkable.   Conclusion Further postprocessing will be performed off-line. The right frontal white matter lesion is non-specific, but unchanged from the MRI (that included contrast) 2014. ### Response: lesion ; Unspecified-lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal white matter ; White-matter-other FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue lesion ; Unspecified-lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation mass effect ; Mass-effect without ; unlikely-or-negated-cue diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction arachnoid cyst ; Arachnoid-cyst right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal white matter ; White-matter-other<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx049 TECHNIQUE: Unenhanced multiplanar examination including a T1 weighted volumetric sequence. FINDINGS: Normal parenchymal volume, architecture and signal. No developmental anomaly or intracranial mass identified. No evidence of previous parenchymal haemorrhage or vascular anomaly. Normal ventricular size and configuration. CONCLUSION: No structural abnormality identified. ### Response: Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue parenchymal volume ; Atrophy architecture ; Structural-abnormalities signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue developmental anomaly ; Developmental-malformation mass ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other vascular anomaly ; Vascular-malformation Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx060 Technique:  Non-contrast enhanced multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain.   Findings: The intracranial appearances are unchanged from the external MRI scan dated 8 May, 2015   There are two punctate non-specific flair hyperintensities in the white matter of the right frontal lobe posterolaterally. No other focal abnormality identified. Cerebral volume is age appropriate. Mesial temporal lobes appear normal. No evidence of restricted diffusion abnormality. No air mass lesion or collection. No evidence of prior intracranial haemorrhage.   There are minor mucus retention cysts in the maxillary sinuses.   Conclusion: Essentially an unremarkable intracranial appearance. ### Response: two punctate ; Multifocal flair hyperintensities ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal white matter ; White-matter-other right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Cerebral volume ; Atrophy age appropriate ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Mesial temporal lobes ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted diffusion abnormality ; Diffusion-restriction No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue intracranial haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other cysts ; Other-cystic-lesion unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx058 Non-contrast MRI brain. Non-focal epilepsy protocol. The previous imaging available for comparison. Findings: Single sub cortical FLAIR hyperintensity identified with the left middle frontal gyrus. On the FSPGR sequence (pages 165-168), there is the very subtle suggestion that this lesion may have a cortical connection but this is not definite. The lesion is non specific and more likely to represent small vessel ischaemia or gliosis. The hippocampal formations are symmetrical and demonstrate normal volume and signal. Basal ganglia are of normal volume without evidence of focal lesions. Conclusion: Single non specific focus of FLAIR hyperintensity within the left frontal lobe likely representative of an old insult however this is not entirely certain given the appearances on FSPGR. No other focal abnormality identified to explain the patients seizures. ### Response: Single ; Unifocal sub cortical ; Subcortical FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal gyrus ; Cortical lesion ; Unspecified-lesion cortical ; Cortical lesion ; Unspecified-lesion small vessel ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change gliosis ; Gliosis-or-encephalomalacia-not-otherwise-specified hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal hippocampal formations symmetrical volume and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal formations symmetrical volume and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Basal ganglia ; Basal-ganglia normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue volume ; Atrophy without ; unlikely-or-negated-cue lesions ; Unspecified-lesion Single ; Unifocal FLAIR hyperintensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal old insult ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion insult ; Gliosis-or-encephalomalacia-not-otherwise-specified not entirely certain ; possible-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx059 Technique: T1, T2, FLAIR and gradient echo images were obtained in multiple planes. Findings: Foci of increased of increased T2 signal is seen in the periventricular white matter and the cerebellar hemispheres. The appearances are non-specific but most likely due to deep white matter ischaemia. The corpus callosum and brain stem have normal appearance. No cortical infarct is detected. The ventricles are not dilated. No intra-cranial mass or subdural collection is seen. The hippocampus is normal in size and signal. No abnormality of the craniocervical junction is seen. Normal flow is demonstrated in the major intracranial arteries. Conclusion: Appearances are consistent with deep white matter ischaemia. ### Response: Foci ; Multifocal increased T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal periventricular ; Periventricular white matter ; Deep-white-matter cerebellar hemispheres ; Cerebellum deep white matter ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change corpus callosum ; Callosum brain stem ; Brainstem No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical ; Cortical infarct ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue ventricles dilated ; Ventriculomegaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion subdural collection ; Subdural-haemorrhage collection ; Unspecified-lesion hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal hippocampus size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow ; Flow-void-loss deep white matter ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx054 Findings: The brain is essentially normal in appearance. A few small vessel ischaemic foci are seen adjacent to the trigonal portions of the lateral ventricles. The changes are essentially normal for age. There is no evidence of a mass or midline shift and no significant medial temporal lobe asymmetry or signal change is identified. Conclusion: No evidence of epileptogenic focus. ### Response: few foci ; Multifocal small vessel ischaemic foci ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change few foci ; Multifocal mass ; Unspecified-lesion midline shift ; Mass-effect no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue medial temporal ; Mesial-temporal medial temporal asymmetry or signal change ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal change ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx041 FINDINGS: Multi planar imaging has been performed, including fine cut coronal imaging through the mesial temporal regions and of the whole brain coronal FSPGR. There is a borderline Chiari-1 abnormality. The remainder of the brain parenchyma and CSF spaces are unremarkable in appearance. In particular, no definite seizure focus is demonstrated. ### Response: borderline ; possible-cue Chiari-1 abnormality ; Chiari-malformation brain parenchyma ; Structural-abnormalities CSF spaces ; Ventriculomegaly unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx055 TECHNIQUE: Volume Tl, axial FSE T2, FLAIR, DWI and coronal FLAIR images of the whole brain. Thin coronal oblique, inversion recovery and FSE T2 images through the temporal lobes. FINDINGS: The ventricular size and configuration are normal. No focal cerebral signal abnormality was identified. The cerebral sulcal patterns within normal limits. No intra-axial or extra-axial mass lesion was identified. No heterotopic grey matter. The hippocampal formations appear normal. No evidence of restricted effusion. Normal flow voids are seen in the major intracranial arteries and dural venous sinuses. CONCLUSION: Normal examination with no epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: ventricular size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly ventricular size configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal ; Unifocal cerebral ; Cortical signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal cerebral sulcal patterns ; Malformation-of-cortical-development No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue heterotopic grey matter ; Grey-matter-heterotopia hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted effusion ; Diffusion-restriction Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx043 TECHNIQUE: Axial T2, FLAIR and DWI, coronal FLAIR and gradient echo volume T1 whole brain and coronal inversion recovery and T2 imaging through the temporal lobes. FINDINGS: The ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns are within normal limits for the patient's age. There is no intra-axial or extra-axial mass lesion or haemorrhage. The hippocampi are normal and symmetrical in size and signal with no evidence of hippocampal sclerosis. No evidence of cortical dysplasia, grey matter heterotopia or other developmental abnormality. Normal flow voids are present within the major cerebral vessels. COMMENT : Normal MRI brain. No epileptogenic focus identified. ### Response: ventricles, sulci and basal cisterns ; Atrophy normal limits for the patient's age ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass lesion ; Unspecified-lesion haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi symmetrical in size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampi symmetrical in size and signal ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampi size ; Hippocampal-atrophy hippocampi signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia grey matter heterotopia ; Grey-matter-heterotopia developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation Normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue flow voids ; Flow-void-loss No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx057 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence images were acquired including coronal T2 of the hippocampi, 3D T1 weighted spoiled gradient echo and susceptibility sensitive sequences. (1.5T)   Findings: There is a gliotic cavity in the medial left temporal lobe communicated with the temporal horn of the left lateral ventricle and with haemosiderin staining in its wall in keeping with previous haemorrhage at this site. This is predominantly involving the white matter of the parahippocampal gyrus and to a lesser extent the fusiform gyrus but with thinning of the overlying gray matter. There is also involvement of the hippocampus, from the pes to the proximal tail, involving predominantly the subiculum and CA1 segments. There is also loss of internal architecture and loss of interdigitations. The fornix and mammillary body on this side are also atrophic.   Susceptibility artefact is noted at the site of the ACOM and left PCOM aneurysm coiling. There is also artefact lining the ventricles at the site of previous intraventricular bleeding and within the right frontal lobe where there was previously a shunt.   A small number of non specific high T2 signal foci are noted in the white matter, slightly more than expected for age.   Impression: Gliotic, haemosiderin lined cavity in the medial temporal lobe, involving the collateral white matter and parahippocampal gyri, as well as part of the hippocampus, in keeping with the past temporal hemorrhage. ### Response: gliotic cavity ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion cavity ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion medial temporal ; Mesial-temporal left ; Left-Lateralisation medial temporal ; Mesial-temporal haemosiderin ; Haemorrhage-Other haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other white matter ; White-matter-other parahippocampal gyrus ; Mesial-temporal gyrus ; Cortical fusiform gyrus ; Temporal gyrus ; Cortical thinning ; Atrophy gray matter ; Cortical hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal loss of internal architecture ; Post-stroke loss of interdigitations ; Post-stroke fornix ; Subcortical mammillary body ; Subcortical atrophic ; Atrophy aneurysm ; Cerebral-aneurysm coiling ; Post-operative lining the ventricles ; Periventricular intraventricular bleeding ; Intraventricular-haemorrhage right ; Right-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal shunt ; Post-operative small number foci ; Multifocal high T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal small number foci ; Multifocal white matter ; White-matter-other Gliotic ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion haemosiderin ; Haemorrhage-Other cavity ; Post-operative medial temporal ; Mesial-temporal white matter ; White-matter-other parahippocampal gyri ; Mesial-temporal gyri ; Cortical hippocampus ; Mesial-temporal temporal ; Mesial-temporal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx042 (TLE protocol):   Multiplanar, multisequence imaging, including whole brain FSPGR and dedicated hippocampal sequences. Hippocampal formations are normal in size, signal and morphology. The brain parenchyma is normal; no developmental abnormality or intracranial mass evident.   Definite cause of seizures not identified. ### Response: Hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Hippocampal size, signal and morphology ; Hippocampal-sclerosis morphology ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology brain parenchyma ; Structural-abnormalities normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue developmental abnormality ; Developmental-malformation mass ; Lesion cause of seizures ; Structural-abnormalities<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx046 SEQUENCES: Saggital T1, axial T2, FLAIR, coronal T1, coronal T2 of the brain stem region. FINDINGS A tiny area of increased signal, rounded in nature and measuring 2mm, has been demonstrated in the left posterior parietal occipital area. It is of doubtful clinical significance but might represent a tiny area of focal white matter ischaemia. A similar tiny focus is also seen in the high right posterior parietal zone. There is no other cerebral or cerebellar abnormality demonstrated. No gyral migrational abnormality demonstrated. There is no abnormality of the outline of the hippocampus, and the adjacent brain stem is normal in outline. There is no extra axial abnormality. CONCLUSION Two tiny areas of increased signal seen on the FLAIR sequences in the upper deep white matter. The significance is uncertain but they may reflect tiny areas of deep white matter ischaemic change. Tiny areas of white matter change in a patient of this age may also be seen in mumerous other conditions including severe hypertension and in IV drug use. Given the history of a recent fit, it could represent an area of transient ischamia. ### Response: tiny area ; Unifocal area ; Unifocal increased signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal occipital ; Occipital might represent ; possible-cue focal ; Unifocal white matter ischaemia ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change right ; Right-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cerebral ; Cortical cerebellar ; Cerebellum abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue gyral migrational abnormality ; Malformation-of-cortical-development no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality of the outline of the hippocampus ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampus ; Abnormal-hippocampal-morphology brain stem ; Brainstem no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Two tiny areas ; Multifocal Two areas ; Multifocal increased signal seen on the FLAIR sequences ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal increased signal FLAIR ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal deep white matter ; Deep-white-matter may ; possible-cue tiny areas ; Multifocal areas ; Multifocal deep white matter ischaemic change ; Small-vessel-ischemic-change Tiny areas ; Multifocal areas ; Multifocal white matter ; Deep-white-matter transient ischamia ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx052 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including pre and post contrast sequences, MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy.   Findings: The hypodensity within the left posterior temporal lobe demonstrated on CT performed earlier today corresponds to an 8mm region of T1 high/T2 low signal; this is poorly seen but appears to be in the subcortical white matter. No significant mass effect. No abnormal enhancement or diffusion restriction in this region or elsewhere. No evidence of previous haemorrhage on EPI. No perfusion abnormality. MRS is non-contributory. 10mm pineal cyst noted. Within the limits of a non-dedicated study, the grey-white matter junction and appearance of the cortex, and mesial temporal lobes including the hippocampi, are unremarkable.   Conclusion:  Apparently subcortical region of high T2 signal ventral medial posterior temporal lobe. The overlying cortex is not well seen, but appears present. Possibilities include a cluster of perivascular spaces, or perhaps less likely a radialglial band pointing to a region of cortical dysplasia. A low grade tumour (e.g. DNET) is a possibility but probably less likely.   This requires an out-patient dedicated 3T study (TLE protocol C+; coronal T2 should extend posteriorly enough to include the abnormality). ### Response: hypodensity ; Lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal low ; unlikely-or-negated-cue T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal subcortical white matter ; White-matter-other white matter ; White-matter-other No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass effect ; Mass-effect No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other cyst ; Other-cystic-lesion grey-white matter junction ; Poor-grey-white-matter-delineation cortex ; Cortical mesial temporal lobes ; Mesial-temporal hippocampi ; Mesial-temporal unremarkable ; unlikely-or-negated-cue subcortical ; Subcortical high T2 signal ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal temporal ; Temporal cortex ; Cortical Possibilities ; possible-cue cluster of perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space perivascular spaces ; Virchow-Robinson-space less likely ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia low grade tumour (e.g. DNET) ; DNET<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx053 Multiplanar imaging without TV contrast has been performed targeted to the hippocampal structures. There is no evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis. There are a number of cortical lesions characterised by gyral atrophy and adjacent gliosis confined to the left hemisphere. These are located inferiorly at the left frontal pole, laterally in the left frontal lobe plot posteriorly in the left frontal lobe, laterally and posteriorly within the left temporal lobe and anterioroinferiory within the left parietal lobe. No other focal abnormality. Ventricles and sulci are otherwise within normal limits. Conclusion: The findings within the left hemisphere are likely to be longstanding and relate to trauma given at the distribution would be atypical for an infarct and appear to be atypical for tumour. Direct trauma to that side of the head is more likely than typical high velocity shearing brain injury. ### Response: no ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mesial temporal sclerosis ; Hippocampal-sclerosis a number of ; Multifocal cortical ; Cortical lesions ; Unspecified-lesion gyral atrophy ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion gliosis ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion left ; Left-Lateralisation hemisphere ; Hemispheric left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal pole ; Frontal-polar frontal ; Frontal left ; Left-Lateralisation frontal ; Frontal left ; Left-Lateralisation temporal ; Temporal left ; Left-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue focal abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricles and sulci ; Ventriculomegaly Ventricles sulci ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue left ; Left-Lateralisation hemisphere ; Hemispheric trauma ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion atypical for ; unlikely-or-negated-cue atypical ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx047 Report: Reference is made to the prior CT brain of 11 April 2017. Ventricular size and sulcal pattern within normal limits. No focus of cortical/subcortical signal abnormality. There is however a rounded mass like structure in the region of the hypothalamus measuring approximately 7mm, isointense on T1 and FLAIR (ser 801 im 75, ser 5 im 10). The mammillary bodies and optic chiasm have normal appearances and are not displaced. No abnormal diffusion restriction or susceptibility artefact. The mesial temporal structures are symmetric in volume and signal intensity.   Conclusion: Hypothalamic lesion measuring approximately 7mm. The patient will be recalled for further coronal T2, CIS and post contrast sequences to further characterise. Current differentials at this stage include hamartoma or glioma. Is there a history of gelastic seizures? Amendment made at 19-Oct 2017 18:03 Post review at epilepsy MDM: Left posterior quadrant seizures Left peritrigonal heterotopic grey matter nodules are also present. ### Response: Ventricular size and sulcal pattern ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue cortical ; Cortical subcortical ; Subcortical signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal mass ; Unspecified-lesion hypothalamus ; Subcortical isointense ; unlikely-or-negated-cue FLAIR ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal mammillary bodies ; Subcortical optic chiasm ; White-matter-other not ; unlikely-or-negated-cue displaced ; Mass-effect No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormal diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction diffusion restriction ; Diffusion-restriction mesial temporal ; Mesial-temporal symmetric ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mesial temporal structures volume and signal intensity ; Hippocampal-sclerosis signal ; Hippocampal-hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal Hypothalamic lesion ; Hypothalamic-hamartoma lesion ; Unspecified-lesion hamartoma ; Hypothalamic-hamartoma glioma ; Primary Left ; Left-Lateralisation Left ; Left-Lateralisation heterotopic grey matter nodules ; Periventricular-nodular-heterotopia<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx051 The patient was recalled for post contrast, fusion and spectroscopic imaging. This study has been reviewed in conjunction with the initial study of 18/2/2010. Region of previously demonstrated abnormality involving the pre frontal sulcus appears less T1 hyperintense than on the prior study. Blush of contrast enhancement in this region is demonstrated, continuous with cortical vessels and predominantly cortical in location. A further discrete focus of cortical or immediate subcortical enhancement which does not correlate with pre-existing signal abnormality is noted at the posteromedial aspect, of the precentral gyrus, of uncertain aetiology of significance. No enlarged feeding or draining vessels seen in these regions. Spectroscopy demonstrates normal parenchymal traces with no evidence of NAA depletion or elevated choline. No regional perfusion abnormality seen. Conclusion: Findings would remain most consistent with laminar necrosis. Focal cortical dysplasia or vasular malformation remain possibilities. Tumour is felt less likely. ### Response: abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion pre frontal sulcus ; Frontal frontal ; Frontal contrast enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement cortical ; Cortical discrete focus ; Unifocal focus ; Unifocal cortical ; Cortical subcortical ; Subcortical enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement signal abnormality ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal gyrus ; Cortical No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue enlarged feeding or draining vessels ; Vascular-malformation laminar necrosis ; Post-traumatic-or-post-ischemic-lesion Focal cortical dysplasia ; Focal-cortical-dysplasia vasular malformation ; Vascular-malformation possibilities ; possible-cue Tumour ; Tumours<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx045 Technique: Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain as per trial protocol. No previous imaging is available for comparison.   Findings: No intra or extra-axial abnormality, mass, or collection. Ventricles and basal cisterns are normal in appearance. Cavum septum pellucidum et vergae is an anatomical variant. No susceptibility artefact to suggest previous haemorrhage. No abnormal diffusion restriction.   Conclusion:  Normal examination. ### Response: No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue abnormality ; Unspecified-lesion mass ; Unspecified-lesion collection ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricles and basal cisterns ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue haemorrhage ; Haemorrhage-Other No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx044 MRI brain (TLE protocol) Multiplanar, multisequence imaging has been obtained through the brain including whole brain FSPGR, and dedicated temporal lobe / hippocampus coronal sequences. Findings: Temporal lobes and hippocampal formations are of normal signal and symmetrical in appearance. No parenchymal mass identified. Ventricles normal in size and configuration. No evidence of restricted diffusion to suggest acute ischaemia. 9mm subcutaneous mass posteriorly in the right parietal region, close to the midline that most likely represents a small sebaceous cyst. Conclusion: Normal study ### Response: Temporal ; Temporal hippocampal ; Mesial-temporal hippocampal formations signal and symmetrical in appearance ; Hippocampal-sclerosis normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue hippocampal formations signal and symmetrical in appearance ; Hippocampal-sclerosis hippocampal symmetrical ; Hippocampal-atrophy No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue mass ; Unspecified-lesion Ventricles size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue Ventricles size and configuration ; Ventriculomegaly No ; unlikely-or-negated-cue restricted diffusion ; Diffusion-restriction acute ischaemia ; Arterial-stroke-including-lacunar mass ; Unspecified-lesion right ; Right-Lateralisation parietal ; Parietal<|end_of_text|>

Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given a brain MRI report, identify and describe any abnormalities, lesions, or structural changes. Provide a concise summary of the patient's brain imaging findings and highlight any areas of concern. ### Input: PGx050 FINDINGS: Multi planar, multi-sequence MRI images with post contrast enhanced images. A 3.5 x 4.0 x 6.0cm surgical defect again noted. Superomedial to the surgical defect there is 1.0 x 1:3 x 3.0 cm. mass which shows isosignal intensity in T1-weighted and hypo-intensity signal in T2-weighted images, with contrast enhancement following contrast. Adjacent sigmoid sinus shows normal contrast enhancement. The lesion would represent a residual tumour. Rest of the brain shows normal gray and white matter signal intensity. COMMENT: Appearances would represent residual tumour tissue following right parafalcine meningioma excision. ### Response: surgical defect ; Post-operative surgical defect ; Post-operative mass ; Unspecified-lesion contrast enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue contrast enhancement ; Contrast-enhancement lesion ; Lesion tumour ; Tumours normal ; unlikely-or-negated-cue gray matter ; Cortical white matter ; White-matter-other gray matter ; Cortical signal intensity ; Hyperintense-T2-or-FLAIR-signal tumour ; Tumours right ; Right-Lateralisation meningioma ; Low-grade-tumour<|end_of_text|>