Red List of African Archaeological Objects

The looting of archaeological items and the destruction of archaeological sites in Africa are a cause of irreparable damage to African history and hence to the history of humankind.  Whole sections of our history have been wiped out and can never be reconstituted.  These objects cannot be understood once they have been removed from their archaeological context and divorced from the whole to which they belong.  Only professional archaeological excavations can help recover their identity, their date and their location.  But so long as there is demand from the international art market these objects will be looted and offered for sale. 

In response of this urgent situation, a list of categories of African archaeological objects particularly at risk from looting was drawn up at the Workshop on the Protection of the African Cultural Heritage held in Amsterdam from 22 to 24 October 1997.  Organised by ICOM (International Council of Museums), within the framework of its AFRICOM programme, it brought together professionals from African, European and North American museums to set up a common policy for fighting against the illicit traffic in African cultural property, and to promote regional and international agreements. 

These objects are among the cultural goods most affected by looting and theft. They are protected by national legislation, banned from export, and may under no circumstances be put on sale. 

An appeal is therefore being made to museums, auction houses, art dealers and collectors to stop buying them. 

This list is of objects which are particularly at risk, but in no way should it be considered exhaustive.  The question of the legality of export arises with regard to any archaeological item. 

Bilateral agreements

Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Mali concerning the Imposition of Import Restrictions on Archaeological Material from the Region of the Niger River Valley and the Bandiagara Escarpment (Cliff), 23 September 1993, extended by an agreement of 19 September 1997.