Asthma-related hospitalizations and lack of outpatient follow-up treatment. 
To determine whether the children and adolescents with acute asthma attacks admitted to two public hospitals in the city of Recife, Brazil underwent outpatient follow-up treatment for the prevention and control of asthma.  A prospective case series study of hospitalized patients with asthma.  The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire at admission in order to determine the frequency of prophylactic outpatient follow-up treatment.  Patients presenting two or more attacks of asthma that were responsive to bronchodilators were classified as having asthma.  In the intervals between asthma attacks, 67% (112/167--data regarding 2 patients were not available) of the patients had been treated only in the emergency room.  Although 53.3%(89/167--data regarding 2 patients were not provided) of the patients had been referred to outpatient treatment, only 16% (27/169) had visited an outpatient asthma clinic regularly for preventive treatment, and only 13% (22/169) had used prophylactic medication.  Most of the children and adolescents hospitalized with asthma had not undergone preventive outpatient follow-up treatment.  Various problems related to the health care system, such as non-referral for outpatient follow-up treatment at hospital discharge, limited access to outpatient clinics, and the cost of prophylactic medication, might have contributed to the low rate of outpatient follow-up treatment in the population studied.  Public health care policies that allow asthma control programs to work effectively should be implemented.