Cataract surgery in children with and without retinopathy of prematurity. 
To report the outcomes of cataract surgery in children born prematurely who had or did not have retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).  Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul, Korea.  Retrospective studies were conducted by reviewing the charts of 26 eyes of 14 premature infants with or without ROP that had cataract surgery.  The patients' preoperative characteristics and postoperative visual outcomes were documented.  Cataract surgery consisted of lensectomy, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy in patients younger than 2 years and primary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation or secondary PC IOL implantation in those 2 years or older.  Postoperative optical correction in those younger than 2 years was by glasses or contact lenses.  Eight eyes of 5 patients had acute ROP; 4 eyes had stage 3, 2 had stage 2, and 2 had stage 1.  Three eyes had transconjunctival cryotherapy for treatment of threshold ROP.  First-eye cataract surgery were performed in children from 0.2 to 5.5 years old (mean 1.5 years) and second-eye surgery, in children from 1.8 to 12.1 years old (mean 4.3 years).  Twenty eyes had implantation of a PC IOL.  In 1 patient with stage 3+ ROP, Rush (plus) type, both eyes had combined cataract and scleral buckle encircling surgery.  The mean follow-up after the last surgery was 1.4 years (0.5 to 3.1 years).  At the last examination, the best corrected visual acuity was good fixation or better than 20/80 except in 2 eyes, 1 with esotropia and the other with a dense pupillary membrane.  This is the first report of an encouraging surgical outcome for PC IOL implantation in premature infants with cataract regardless of the presence of ROP.  However, if retinopathy is present and has progressed in the cataractous eye of a premature child, careful examination and timely surgical decisions are important.