Comparison of three methods of pre-employment medical evaluations. 
Increasing efforts are being made to prevent sickness absence and to increase worker efficiency, including the use of costly pre-employment medical assessment of white-collar workers and labourers, excluding occupations for which medical supervision is required by law.  To investigate whether filling out an occupational health questionnaire (OHQ) as pre-employment assessment was more efficient than previously used protocols which included a physical examination and laboratory tests performed for each applicant.  Retrospective study comparing three groups of job applicants: Group A--applicants examined by an occupational physician (OP); Group B--applicants examined by a general practitioner (GP) whose medical records were subsequently evaluated by an OP and Group C--the applicant filled out an OHQ which was evaluated by an OP.  The study included 1940 pre-employment assessments divided into groups A (618), B (256) and C (1066).  The restriction rate was 2.1, 1.2 and 2.3%, respectively.  The lowest restriction rate (1.4%) was among applicants 29 years old and younger and the highest one (3.6%) among 50 years and older.  The most frequent diagnoses among restricted applicants were musculoskeletal and circulatory diseases (15 and 12%, respectively).  The restriction rate achieved by medical examinations either done by an OP (Group A) or by a GP (Group B) was the same as in OHQ (Group C).  The use of a self-administered questionnaire evaluated by an OP is the preferred method of pre-employment evaluation for non-hazardous occupations.