Palpable solid breast masses: retrospective single- and multimodality evaluation of 201 lesions. 
The diagnostic virtues and limitations of single- and multimodality testing in the evaluation of solid palpable breast masses were studied.  Two hundred one consecutive patients who had a solid palpable breast mass and who underwent biopsy between September 1982 and July 1986 were included for blinded retrospective analysis of their physical examination, mammographic, ultrasonographic (US), thermographic, and pathologic characteristics.  Benign breast disease was diagnosed histologically in 106 women, while carcinoma was established in 95.  The sensitivities of physical examination, mammography, US, and thermography were 0.88, 0.94, 0.78, and 0.49, respectively.  US alone had the highest sensitivity in correct diagnosis of a benign solid breast mass and had the highest accuracy (0.84).  Use of four modalities increased the preoperative diagnostic true-positive rate to 0.97, with some decline in specificity.  Multimodality testing seems particularly beneficial in pre- and perimenopausal patients.