Proteomic demonstration of the recurrent presence of inter-alpha-inhibitor H4 heavy-chain during aspergillosis induced in an animal model. 
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains a matter of great concern in oncology/haematology, intensive care units and organ transplantation departments.  Despite the availability of various diagnostic tools with attractive features, new markers of infection are required for better medical care.  We therefore looked for potential pulmonary biomarkers of aspergillosis, by carrying out two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis comparing the proteomes of bronchial-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from infected rats and from control rats presenting non-specific inflammation, both immunocompromised.  A bioinformatic analysis of the 2D-maps revealed significant differences in the abundance of 20 protein spots (ANOVA P-value<0.01; q-value<0.03; power>0.8).  One of these proteins, identified by mass spectrometry, was considered of potential interest: inter-alpha-inhibitor H4 heavy-chain (ITIH4), characterised for the first time in this infectious context.  Western blotting confirmed its overabundance in all infected BALF, particularly at early stages of murine aspergillosis.  Further investigations were carried on rat serum, and confirmed that ITIH4 levels increased during experimental aspergillosis.  Preliminary results in human samples strengthened this trend.  To our knowledge, this is the first description of the involvement of ITIH4 in aspergillosis.