Elizabeth Longford

Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, CBE (née Harman; 30 August 1906 – 23 October 2002), better known as Elizabeth Longford, was a British historian.  She was a member of the Royal Society of Literature and was on the board of trustees of the National Portrait Gallery in London.   She is best known as a historian, especially for her biographies of 19th-century luminaries such as Queen Victoria (1964), Lord Byron (1976) and the Duke of Wellington (1969). 

Life
The daughter of eye specialist Nathaniel Bishop Harman, she was educated at the Francis Holland School, and was an undergraduate at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. " Able, articulate and beautiful", in the words of The New York Times, she was "the Zuleika Dobson of her day, with undergraduates and even dons tumbling over one another to fall in love with her".  A few years after her graduation, on 3 November 1931, she married Frank Pakenham, later 7th Earl of Longford, who died in August 2001.  Her obituary by the BBC said the marriage was "famously harmonious."   The New York Times, in its review of The Pebbled Shore, called Lady Longford "easily the best writer in what is predominantly a literary family". 

She and her husband were both devout Roman Catholic converts, Lady Longford having been raised a Unitarian, and avid social reformers.  The Longfords had eight children, among them the writers Lady Antonia Fraser, Lady Rachel Billington, Judith Kazantzis, and Thomas Pakenham. 

She lived to the age of 96, dying in October 2002, 14 months after her husband.  Lord Longford and his wife Elizabeth would have celebrated their 70th wedding anniversary on 3 November after a marriage that produced four sons and four daughters, followed by 26 grandchildren and 18 great-grandchildren. 

Political career
She made several unsuccessful attempts to win election to the House of Commons as a Labour MP.  In 1935 she contested Cheltenham, which was a safely Conservative seat, and in 1950 she was defeated by Quintin Hogg at Oxford.  Through the war she had sought selection at Birmingham King's Norton until she felt compelled to cease her candidacy upon her sixth pregnancy in 1944; the seat was a Labour gain in 1945 by 12,000 votes. 

Family
Her brother, John B. Harman, was a physician; his daughter is Labour politician Harriet Harman.  Lady Longford was a great-niece of the politician Joseph Chamberlain and a first cousin once removed of the British prime minister Neville Chamberlain. 

Bibliography

 Victoria R.I. (1964) Awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize
 Wellington: The Years of the Sword (1969) and Wellington: Pillar Of The State (1972), a two-volume biography of the first Duke of Wellington, who numbered among her husband's relatives. 
 The Royal House of Windsor (1974)
 Winston Churchill (1974)
 Byron's Greece (1975)
 Byron (1976)
 A Pilgrimage of Passion: The Life of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1979) (I.B. Tauris, re-issued 2007)
 Eminent Victorian Women (1981)
 Jameson's Raid (1982)
 Elizabeth R: A Biography (1983)
 The Pebbled Shore (1986) Autobiography
 Royal Throne: The Future of the Monarchy (1993)

Footnotes

External links
"Lady Longford dies aged 96", BBC News, 2002
Elizabeth Longford, obituary by The Times
 "Elizabeth Longford (Elizabeth, Countess of Longford)", Fellows Remembered, The Royal Society of Literature

Category:1906 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Category:British biographers
Category:British countesses
Category:English Roman Catholics
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism
Category:British socialists
Category:People educated at Francis Holland School
Elizabeth
Category:Historians of the Napoleonic Wars
Category:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
Category:20th-century British historians
Category:British women historians
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Category:Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Category:Women biographers