Q:

Why dont my functions work? 

This is python 3, this code basically checks if a word is the same when read backwards.  When i execute this through Visual Studio, nothing happens, and I get the prompt to press any key to continue...
if "__name__" == "__main__":
    StartProgram() 

def StartProgram():
    Input = AskForDataSimple()
    print(CheckIfPalindrome(Input))

def AskForDataSimple():
    print("Please input the line to test.") 
    In = input()
    return In

def CheckIfPalindrome(x):
    if x[::-1] == x:
        return True
    else:
        return False

Please note that this simpler version actually works:
x = input()

if x[::-1] == x:
    print(True)
else:
    print(False)

A:

if "__name__" == "__main__":

Change this to
if __name__ == "__main__":

__name__ is a variable containing name of this module.  You need these line so that your main logic would be used only if this file is executed directly, not when imported as a module by another code. 
Still it won't work, because you need to define the function you call before these lines: move these lines to the end of the file. 
Also, this
def CheckIfPalindrome(x):
    if x[::-1] == x:
        return True
    else:
        return False

can be replaced with
def CheckIfPalindrome(x):
    return x[::-1] == x

