Bone mineral density and polymorphisms in metallothionein 1A and 2A in a Chinese population exposed to cadmium. 
Cadmium (Cd) effect on bone varies between individuals.  We investigated whether genetic variation in metallothionein (MT)1A and MT2A associated with Cd induced bone loss in this study.  A total of 465 persons (311 women and 154 men), living in control, moderately and heavily polluted areas, participated.  The participants completed a questionnaire and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the proximal radius and ulna.  Samples of urine and blood were collected for determination of Cd in urine (UCd) and blood (BCd).  Genotypes for polymorphisms in MT1A (rs11076161) and MT2A (rs10636) were determined by Taqman allelic discrimination assays.  BCd had a weak association with variant alleles for MT1A (rs11076161) and MT2A (rs10636) in female living in the highly polluted group (p=0.08 and 0.05, respectively).  A weak association was found between bone mineral density and MT2A polymorphisms variation (p=0.06) in female living in the highly polluted group.  Only a weak association was found between bone mineral density and MT1A polymorphisms variation in female.  Genetic variation in the MT1A and MT2A genes may not associate with bone loss caused by cadmium exposure.