Late results after correction of hallux valgus deformity by basilar phalangeal osteotomy. 
In a long-term follow-up study (average, 10.7 years) of 222 patients (351 feet), the results after proximal phalangeal osteotomy (the Akin procedure) for hallux valgus deformity were found to be unsatisfactory, both subjectively and objectively.  The range of motion in the metatarsophalangeal joint was limited postoperatively in 90 per cent of the patients, and in 21 per cent there was recurrence of deformity.  The appearance of the foot was poor in 75 per cent.  Only 53 per cent of the patients expressed satisfaction with the result of the operation.  There was a direct relationship between the development of subluxation or dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joint and postoperative dissatisfaction of the patient.  We concluded that the operation is biomechanically unsound because it does not address the principal mechanical factors that are responsible for the deformity: abnormal function of the adductor hallucis and the abnormal intermetatarsal angle.  The Akin procedure is indicated only in combination with other operations that are designed to correct the two cited abnormalities.