Synthesis of α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, esters and amides

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In the presence of CsF, a wide range of α-substituted α-siloxy silanes were
carboxylated under 1 atm of CO2 via Brook rearrangement.  Various
α-substituents including aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl groups were tolerated to
afford α-hydroxy acids in good yields.  A one-pot synthesis from aldehydes using
PhMe2SiLi and CO2 provides α-hydroxy acids without the
need for isolation of the α-hydroxy silane. 
T. Mita, Y. Higuchi, Y. Sato, Org.  Lett.,  2014,
16, 14-17.