The Lactobacillus plantarum Eno A1 Enolase Is Involved in Immunostimulation of Caco-2 Cells and in Biofilm Development. 
The role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases is now well assessed.  The presence of adhesive molecules on the cell surface of probiotics has been related to the ability to confer health benefit to the host.  We have previously shown that the enolase EnoA1 of Lactobacillus plantarum, one of the most predominant species in the gut microbiota of healthy individuals, is cell surface-expressed and is involved in binding with human fibronectin and plasminogen.  By means of comparative analysis between L. plantarum LM3 (wild type) and its isogenic LM3-CC1 (ΔenoA1) mutant strain, here we show that EnoA1 affects the ability of this bacterium to modulate immune response as determined by analysis of expression of immune system molecules in Caco-2 cells.  Indeed, we observed induction of TLR2 expression in cells exposed to L. plantarum LM3, while no induction was detectable in cells exposed to LM3-CC1.  This difference was much less consistent when expression of TLR4 was determined in cells exposed to the two strains.  Pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), and the antimicrobial peptide HBD-2 were induced in Caco-2 cells exposed to L. plantarum LM3, while lower levels of induction were detected in cells exposed to LM3-CC1.  We also analyzed the ability to develop biofilm of the two strains, and observed a decrease of about 65 % in the development of mature biofilm in LM3-CC1 compared to the wild type.