Dual action of beta-endorphin on insulin release in genetically obese and lean mice. 
Intraperitoneal administration of beta-endorphin (1 mg/kg) to ob/ob mice doubled fasting plasma insulin concentrations within 30 min, while plasma glucose concentrations were unaltered.  In lean mice, beta-endorphin failed to alter plasma insulin or glucose responses.  In glucose-loaded ob/ob mice, beta-endorphin (1 mg/kg) reduced insulin levels at 40 min, and delayed glucose disposal.  A lower dose of beta-endorphin (0.1 mg/kg) decreased plasma insulin at 90 min, with no effect on plasma glucose disposal.  In lean mice, only the higher dose of beta-endorphin suppressed the glucose-stimulated rise in plasma insulin concentrations, without affecting plasma glucose.  Beta-endorphin's actions were blocked by naltrexone and could not be mimicked by N-acetyl-beta-endorphin.  Beta-endorphin (10(-8)M) enhanced insulin release from isolated ob/ob and lean mouse islets incubated in medium containing 6 mM glucose, but inhibited release when 20 mM glucose was present.  These effects were naloxone reversible.  The results indicate that 1) ob/ob mice display a greater magnitude of response in vivo to beta-endorphin's actions on insulin release compared with lean mice, 2) high concentrations of beta-endorphin exacerbate glucose disposal in ob/ob mice.  3) the prevailing glucose concentration is an important determinant of whether beta-endorphin's effects on insulin release will be stimulatory or inhibitory and 4) these actions are mediated via opiate receptors.