Early difference in tissue pH and microvascular hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock resuscitation using polyethylene glycol-albumin- and hydroxyethyl starch-based plasma expanders. 
The hamster chamber window model was subjected to hemorrhagic shock by the withdrawal of 50% of blood volume (BV).  BV was restored 1 h after hemorrhage with a single volume infusion (resuscitation) of 25% BV with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated bovine serum albumin (Alb) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES).  Hemorrhage, shock, and resuscitation were monitored continuously in terms of mean arterial pressure (MAP), microvascular blood flow, capillary perfusion, and tissue pH. Blood samples for laboratory parameters were taken at baseline, shock, and resuscitation.  Intravascular and tissue pO2 were assessed after resuscitation, and microvascular oxygen supply and extraction were calculated and corrected for pH effect on hemoglobin saturation.  Resuscitation with PEG-Alb restored systemic and microvascular parameters up to the end of the observation period (90 min).  HES was identical to PEG-Alb resuscitation during the initial 10 to 15 min, but was not sustained subsequently.  The trend of recovery in MAP for HES persisted beyond the time when both function capillary density and tissue pH decreased, thus MAP was not indicative of early microvascular dysfunction.  Hemoglobin oxygen saturation estimation showed a significant pH dependence.  However, oxygen-dependant parameters corrected for pH varied less than 10% from uncorrected data.  Early differences found at the microvascular levels suggest that decisions to amend end-result of resuscitation may be short and on the order of minutes.  Furthermore, PEG-Alb appears to provide early and long-term sustained systemic and microvascular recovery when used to restitute perfusion and metabolic conditions after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock.