Micro-aeration in anode chamber promotes p-nitrophenol degradation and electricity generation in microbial fuel cell. 
Biodegradation of recalcitrant organic compounds in microbial fuel cell (MFC) is limited, due to its strong electron affinity and persisted in anaerobic condition.  In this study, Pseudomonas monteilii LZU-3 degraded p-nitrophenol (PNP) and generated current at 100 mg L-1 of PNP in anode MFC with the addition of oxygen.  The highest PNP degradation was 4, 37.75, and 99.89% in anaerobic, aerobic, and aerated anode of MFC respectively, at 7 h. The maximum voltage generation in aerated anode was 183 mV, which was comparatively higher than aerobic (150 mV) and anaerobic (68 mV).  The qRT-PCR results confirmed that the oxygenase genes in strain LZU-3 were up-regulated from 17.51 to 39.39-fold at 1.6-4.5 mg L-1 of oxygen concentrations resulted in PNP degradation in anode MFC.  This study demonstrated that supplementation of oxygen into the anode MFC might be a potential approach for biodegradation of recalcitrant compounds and electricity generation.