Pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes with preconceptional diabetes counselling. 
One hundred and thirty-six women with known previous gestational diabetes and normal glucose tolerance between pregnancies attended a preconceptional clinic at least 2 months before conception, and were regularly consulted by a diabetological team.  Evaluation consisted of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), mean blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and management by self-blood-glucose monitoring (SBGM) and nutritional counselling.  When these patients were compared to a group of 154 patients with gestational diabetes who attended our clinic at different stages of pregnancy, the former had improved glucose homeostasis whereas the latter had more frequent elevations of fasting and postprandial glucose levels throughout pregnancy.  This group had also more maternal complications and higher Caesarean section rates.  Congenital anomalies were 0.65% among offspring of nonattenders, while none occurred in those with preconceptional counselling.  Macrosomia and hypoglycaemia were significant neonatal complications in infants of nonattending mothers.  We concur with the recommendation that preconceptional counselling in gestational diabetics is required to improve glucose homeostasis throughout pregnancy, and that appropriate evaluation of glucose intolerance should be included as part of prospective family planning.