Inhibition of miR146b-5p suppresses CT-guided renal cell carcinoma by targeting TRAF6. 
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the urinary system.  Due to the lack of early symptoms, diagnosis of RCC usually occurs at late stages or after cancer metastasis leading to poor prognosis.  Therefore, it is crucial to study early molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.  Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs are involved in RCC initiation and development, making them a good candidate for early diagnosis and therapy.  MiR146b-5P plays important roles in the progression of multiple cancers including thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer.  However, it is not clear whether and how miR146b-5P is involved in RCC.  In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of miR146b-5P in RCC.  We examined the expression levels of miR146b-5p in renal cancer tissue and cell lines.  We also explored the effects of blocking miR146b-5p in renal tumor growth and inflammatory signaling.  Finally, we determined if miR146b-5p regulates tumorigenesis through TRAF6.  We found that miR146b-5p levels were significantly increased in renal cancer tissue and renal cancer cells.  Blocking miR146b-5p suppressed renal tumor growth and enhanced inflammatory response through increased TRAF6 expression.  These effects were eliminated in TRAF6 knockout mice.  Our results suggest that enhanced miR146b-5p expression may be a biomarker for RCC and modulating miR146b-5p and TRAF6 levels represent a potential therapeutic strategy for RCC.