The statue was commissioned in 1909 by Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg, who had been fascinated by a ballet about the fairytale in Copenhagen's Royal Theatre and asked the prima ballerina, Ellen Price, to model for the statue.  The sculptor Edvard Eriksen
created the bronze statue, which was unveiled on 23 August 1913.  The
statue's head was modelled after Price, but as the ballerina did not
agree to model in the nude, the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, was used for the body. 

The Copenhagen City Council decided to move the statue to Shanghai at the Danish Pavilion for the duration of the Expo 2010 (from May to October), the first time it had been moved from its perch since it was installed almost a century earlier.