Treatment of aqueous phase of bio-oil by granular activated carbon and evaluation of biogas production. 
Hydrothermal liquefaction of wet biomass such as algae is a promising thermochemical process for the production of bio-oil.  Bio-oil aqueous phase generated during liquefaction process is rich in complex organics and can be utilized for biogas production following its pre-treatment with granular activated carbon.  In our study, use of 30% activated carbon resulted in higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction (53±0.3%) from aqueous phase.  Higher CH4 production (84±12mL/gCOD) was also observed in 30% carbon-treated aqueous phase fed cultures, whereas only 32±6mLCH4/gCOD was observed in control (non-carbon treated) cultures.  The results from this study indicate that almost 67±0.3% initial COD of aqueous phase can be reduced using a combination of both carbon treatment and biogas production.  This study shows that aqueous phase can be utilized for CH4 production.