Effect of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Doses on the Osteogenic Potential of Human Multipotent Stromal Cells- Containing Tissue Engineered Constructs. 
A strategy for improving the efficacy of stem cell-based bone tissue engineering (TE) constructs is to combine bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) with multipotent stromal cells (MSC).  Previous studies on the potential cooperative effect of BMP-2 with human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs) on bone formation in vivo have, however, shown contradictory results likely due to the various and/or inappropriate BMP-2 doses.  Our results provided evidence that the addition of BMP-2 at low dose only was beneficial to improve the osteogenic potential of hMSCs-containing TE constructs, whereas BMP-2 delivered at high dose overcame the advantage of combining this growth factor with hMSCs.  This new knowledge will help in designing improved combination strategies for tissue regeneration with better clinical outcomes.