Thrombophilia Associated with Early Post-angioplasty Thrombosis of Dialysis Vascular Access. 
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is widely used as the primary treatment for dialysis vascular access dysfunction.  Nonetheless, many patients develop early occlusion after angioplasty.  Thus, we investigated the role of thrombophilia in access occlusion within 30 days of angioplasty.  This case-control study included patients who underwent PTA for dialysis vascular access dysfunction.  Patients who experienced occlusion within 30 days of angioplasty were included in the case group and those without occlusion for at least 30 days after angioplasty were included in the control group.  All patients were tested for protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, lupus anticoagulant, and anticardiolipin antibodies.  From February to October 2015, 462 patients underwent PTA for dialysis vascular access dysfunction.  Forty-one patients (8.9%) had early occlusion within 30 days of angioplasty.  The case group had more graft accesses (73 vs. 31%, P < 0.001) and thrombotic occlusions (67 vs. 15%, P < 0.001).  A higher incidence of protein C (10 vs. 2%), protein S (15 vs. 5%), and antithrombin III (10 vs. 2%) deficiency and elevated anticardiolipin antibody (22 vs. 10%) levels were observed in the case group.  Overall, 26 patients (63%) in the case group had at least one thrombophilic factor, compared with 15 patients (37%) in the control group (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.223-7.380; P = 0.027).  After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between thrombophilic factors and early occlusion remained (adjusted OR, 3.806; 95% CI, 1.018-14.220; P = 0.047).  Thrombophilia is associated with early occlusion after angioplasty for hemodialysis vascular access.