Sorption of phenols onto sandy aquifer material: the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM). 
The influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the sorption of four phenols, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (2-M-4,6-DNP), onto sandy aquifer material at different pH values was investigated using flow through column experiments.  The pH-dependent sorption of the chlorinated phenols 2,4,6-TCP and PCP was not significantly affected by DOM (measured as dissolved organic carbon, DOC), whereas in the case of nitrophenols a significant lower retardation was found, depending on the DOC concentration and pH value of the aqueous solution.  Sorption decreases with increasing DOC concentration, which indicates a binding of these compounds by DOM.  The degree of sorption reduction depends on the pH value and increases with increasing fraction of neutral species.  The different behaviour of nitrophenols in comparison to the chlorophenols is assumed to be a result of specific charge-transfer interactions.  A combined sorption and complex formation model was used to describe the effect of pH and DOC concentration on the sorption of nitrophenols onto aquifer material and to estimate binding coefficients of neutral nitrophenols on DOM.