Comparison of activated chromatography resins for protein immobilization. 
The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to an immobilized camelid-derived antibody fragment was investigated using six different activated resins, of which two are prototypes.  The resins differed in base material, coupling chemistry and particle size.  The adsorption, washing and desorption stage of the affinity chromatography process were taken into account.  Dynamic binding capacities at 10% breakthrough ranged between 0.76 and 4.8 mg BSA/mL resin.  The washing volume ranged between 2.9 and 10 column volumes.  One of the resins did not concentrate BSA, while the highest concentration was 13-fold.  We present a method to rank and weigh the properties of the resins to find the optimal resin to meet specific requirements.  For three of the resins the adsorption flow rate was varied, while the washing and desorption flow rate was kept the same.  The dynamic binding capacity decreased with increasing flow rate, as expected.  For one resin, the washing volume remained constant, but for the others it decreased with increasing adsorption flow rate.  The number of column volumes required to purify a given amount of BSA increases with increasing flow rate, which indicates that higher flow rates do not necessarily speed up the process.