Abstract

This study analyses five educational projects in India that are supported by German Agro Action (GAA) and the European Union (EU) and are executed on the ground by Indian NGOs.  Located in different geographical parts of India, the projects follow different ideological and pedagogical approaches.  The study does not claim, especially given the size and diversity of Indian society, to represent the Indian educational situation as a whole.  Rather, it intends to elucidate some alternative approaches adopted by the specific projects to overcome the existing shortcomings of the Indian primary educational system.  Using a range of qualitative indicators pertaining to the educational philosophy of the organisations, their curriculum, pedagogy, relationship with the state, relevance, effectiveness etc.  the study critically reflects on each of the project, each of which works in areas where educational facilities are not easily accessible.  The study thus helps further understanding about how the deficiencies of primary education in India, with regard to the underprivileged sections of the Indian society in particular, can be innovatively addressed.  It should be noted that all findings and interpretations are those of the study team and do not necessarily represent those of GAA.