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42266578 | Baci Lingerie | 2014-03-21 14:04:26+00:00 | Baci Lingerie is a large retailer of women's lingerie founded in the United States, with multiple stores located internationally on several continents.
Officially presented to the public in April 2010 at the International Lingerie Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, the company was started by Internetmarketing-Miami, LLC. Deriving its company name from the Italian word “kisses”, the company invested huge amount of money in advertising and marketing campaigns and exhibiting at several industry shows around the world, like Venus Fair in Berlin, Germany during October 2010 and Salon de la Lingerie Show in Paris, France, in January 2011.
The shoots have featured castles in Southern Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. The resulting images are used in Baci's packaging, website, and catalogs.
Baci Lingerie coordinated a photo shoot in 2013, which took place in a Hollywood Hills mansion and featured its 23-piece Corsets by Baci Collection.
Baci Lingerie provides tools for retailers in merchandising and marketing, including planograms, creative events (including the Baci Lash Bar), educational tools (newsletters, merchandising plans, seminars, blogs), and contests.
Baci Lingerie claims to have philosophy of social consciousness and philanthropy as its integral aspects. Through contributions and fundraisers, including Baci's annual charity dinner, the company raises money for a variety of organizations and causes.
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Baci Lingerie raised over $8,000 for the Fox Chase Cancer Center and Eileen Stein Jacoby Fund to advance cancer research and education, at Baci's second semiannual charity dinner in April 2013. The charity dinner was held during the International Lingerie Show. Baci raised $4,400 for the fund in 2012.
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Baci Lingerie supported The Bra Recyclers in its drive to collect 15,000 bras in October 2012 to help raise awareness of Breast Cancer and Domestic Violence Month. The Bra Recyclers is a textile recycling company that specializes in recycling and reusing bras that would unnecessarily go to landfills, and assist in providing deserving women with used or unused bras as they transition back to self-sufficiency.
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Baci Lingerie participated in the 2013 Entertainment Industry Fund (EIF) Revlon Run / Walk For Women, to raise funds for women's cancer research. Approximately 15 Baci employees, family members, and friends participated in the 20th annual 5k run / walk fundraiser as “Team Baci Babes” on May 11, 2013, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum at Exposition Park.
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Baci Lingerie donated 1176 brand new bras of various styles to victims of the 2013 tornadoes in Moore, Oklahoma – a total retail value of over $15,000. Hugs and Kisses, or XO, is a project by the Kerr Foundation, formed to gather and distribute new and gently used clothing and accessory items for women and men affected by the Moore tornado disaster.
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Baci Lingerie donated 5077 brand new bras of various styles – a total retail value of over $60,000. Free The Girls provides an opportunity for women rescued from sex trafficking to earn a living selling second-hand clothing, while going to school, getting healthy, and caring for their families.
2010 Adult Entertainment Expo
2010 Venus International Trade Fair
2011 Venus International Trade Fair
2012 Porn to Rock
2012 Capital Cabaret Fashion Show
2012 Venus International Trade Fair
2012 Déjà Vu Holiday Soiree
2013 Cape Town SEXPO
2013 Sydney SEXPO.
2013 The Sex Awards
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28431231 | Chromat | 2010-08-19 15:16:40+00:00 | Chromat is an American fashion label based in New York City. The label was formed by Becca McCharen-Tran in 2010. Drawing from Becca McCharen-Tran's background in architecture and urban design, Chromat focuses on empowering garments for all bodies.
Chromat began in 2010 as an extension of McCharen-Tran's degree in architecture design at University of Virginia School of Architecture. It was originally a collaboration with fellow architecture student Emily Kappes. Chromat's structural language is the foundation of each garment: from the simplest bikini to the most complex 3D printed dress.
Chromat swimwear, lingerie, and signature architectural cages are all designed in New York City.
Chromat designed custom pieces for Beyoncé's 2014 MTV VMA Performance, the Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, as well as for Beyoncé's Super Bowl XLVII halftime show in 2013. Chromat garments have also been worn by Madonna on her 2012 MDNA World Tour, Nicki Minaj on her 2011 Femme Fatale World Tour and Powerhouse 2014 performance, and by many other celebrities and musicians such as FKA Twigs, Taylor Swift, Ellie Goulding, Kelly Rowland, Tyra Banks, Hayley Williams, Sky Ferreira, Zola Jesus, Azealia Banks, Ariana Grande Rita Ora, and Charli XCX.
Chromat has been featured in many magazine editorials and features, such as Vogue, Elle, DAZED, New York Magazine and Numéro.
Chromat was awarded runner-up in the CFDA / Vogue Fashion Fund 2017.
Chromat was awarded the Tumblr Fashion Honors in 2016.
Chromat was a finalist in the CFDA / Vogue Fashion Fund 2015.
McCharen was recognized in the Forbes 30 Under 30 list of “People Who are Reinventing the World in 2014”.
McCharen was honored as one of Out Magazine's OUT100 in 2013.
Chromat's work mixing math and fashion was profiled in The Wall Street Journal in 2013.
Chromat was nominated for the RACKED Young Guns Award in 2013.
McCharen was chosen as The New York Observer’s one to watch in 2012.
Autumn/Winter 2018: Wavvy. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on February 13, 2018.
Spring/Summer 2018: Serenity. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on September 4, 2017.
Autumn/Winter 2017: Buoyancy. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on February 13, 2017.
Spring/Summer 2017: Hyperwave. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on September 4, 2016.
Autumn/Winter 2016: Lumina. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on February 13, 2015.
Spring/Summer 2016: Momentum. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on September 4, 2016.
Autumn/Winter 2015: Mindfiles. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on February 13, 2015.
Spring/Summer 2015: Formula 15. Debuted at New York Fashion Week on September 4, 2014.
Autumn/Winter 2014: Bionic Bodies. Debuted at NYFW on February 6, 2014.
Spring/Summer 2014: Mathletes. Debuted at NYFW on September 6, 2013.
Autumn/Winter 2013: Superstructures. Debuted at NYFW on February 5, 2013. | 2010 |
39629852 | Golf Wang | 2013-06-10 02:47:17+00:00 | Golf Wang (stylised in all caps as GOLF WANG) is an American street-wear brand established in 2011 by American musician Tyler, the Creator. The name Golf Wang is a spoonerism of his Los Angeles-based musical collective Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All (OFWGKTA) or Odd Future for short, of which he was a co-founder. Golf Wang is known for its colorful visual aesthetic. In 2013, the brand expanded beyond its Odd Future affiliation and established itself in the fashion industry. It is designed by Tyler, the Creator. The brand offers clothing, footwear through collaborations with Converse often under the name GOLF le FLEUR*, jewellery, upon other products. "Holiday 1991", the brand's first look book, was released on December 11, 2011.
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Golf Wang still affiliated with Odd Future, during its December 2011 debut. In 2013, Golf Wang publicly separated from Odd Future.
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In its history, Golf Wang has gone on to collaborate with other brands as a part of various projects. Golf Wang's first notable collaboration was its project with Vans. The partnership lasted from 2013 to 2016. In an interview with Dazed Magazine in 2017, Tyler stated that Golf Wang cut ties with Vans due to a lack of creative liberty. Following Golf Wang's departure from Vans, Tyler, the Creator and Converse collaborated to create the shoe collection GOLF le FLEUR*. In 2017, Golf Wang collaborated with Japanese sandal brand SUICOKE. Their first release was the KAW-CAB sandals in colors 'Mocha' and 'Lemon Yellow'. In April 2019, they released a third version of the KAW-CAB sandals. Then in October 2019, a different silhouette called the 'DEPA-CAB' sandals was released in two new colorways. Also in 2019, GOLF le FLEUR* and Converse released a new, original silhouette named the 'GLF Giano Ox'. The shoes were available in two colorways, 'Bright Concord' and 'Cuban Sand'. That same year, GOLF WANG created a scented candle in collaboration with Japanese fragrance label "reta W". Named 'Coldwater', the candle was released on March 23, 2019. For apparel, Golf le Fleur partnered with fashion brand Lacoste for an SS19 collection named 'GOLF le COSTE*'. The clothing line featured colors such as pale pink, beige, and off-white named respectively 'litchi', 'geode', and 'mascarpone'. Golf le Fleur then collaborated with Jeni's Splendid Ice Creams. The first ice cream was named 'Snowflake', released on July 8, 2019, it was a white chocolate ice cream flavor. The second flavor, 'Pluto Bleu' was released online on September 17, 2020, and was a blood orange and blueberry flavored ice cream. On May 20, 2020, Golf Wang released a top and bottom set with Levi Strauss & Co. for their '501 day'. The collaboration featured Levi's vintage-fit trucker jacket and 501 '93 jeans in Ecru denim with rainbow-colored polka dots.
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Golf le Fleur was introduced at the Golf Wang fashion show at Made L.A. on June 11, 2016. Named "Golf le Fleur" (stylized as "GOLF le FLEUR*"), it was first introduced as a shoe collaboration between Tyler, the Creator and Converse. The collection was named "GOLF le FLEUR*" to mean Flower Boy in French though the translation is inaccurate. It was released in the same year as Tyler's Flower Boy album. First made available to the public on July 13, 2017, the first design released was Converse One Star shoes in a new, light blue colorway called "Clearwater".
As of December 2021, Golf le FLEUR* has branched away from Golf Wang into a standalone luxury lifestyle and apparel brand debuting with an invite-only pop-up shop in Los Angeles.
On August 3, 2017, the first set of Golf le Fleurs was released. They came in 4 colors, called "Airway Blue" (light blue), "Peach Pearl" (peach colored), "Sulfur" (yellow) and "Fuchsia Glow" (fuchsia/lavender).
On October 16, 2017, the second set of Golf le Fleurs was announced. This set was named the "Uno", which contained three new shoes with a brand-new insole, design, and bottom. The colors Jolly Green (forest green), Vanilla (cream), and Solar Power (yellow), were released on November 2, 2017.
On January 4, 2018, the second set of "Anas", and the third overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They were released on January 18, 2018, with the colors "Bachelor Blue" (light blue), "Geranium Pink" (light pink), and "Jade Lime" (light green).
On April 23, 2018, the first set of the line known as "Momos", and the fourth overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They are a monotone colored shoe, and on April 26, 2018, they were released. The colors were "Black", "White", "Greener Pastures" (dark green), "Limoges" (dark blue), and "Rhubarb" (burgundy).
On May 23, the third set of "Anas", (also nicknamed "two-toned") and the fifth overall set of Golf le Fleurs were announced. They were released on June 1, 2018, with the colors "Purple Heart" (purple and green), "Molten Lava" (red and blue), "Candy Pink" (red and pink), and "Plume" (baby blue and baby pink).
On February 23, 2019, the "Industrial" line was released with another rework of the Converse (shoe company) "One Star". The shoes were released with barely blue/egret/black and barely blue/patriot/egret colorways. The line also included matching '60s workwear boilersuits.
On May 17, the "Velvet le Fleur" line was released. This included two reworks of the "One Star" in red and brown as well as a rework of the "Chuck 70" in purple, all of which use a quilted velvet material.
On June 28, another pair of "Anas" was released, featuring a bright rainbow sole and an all-white upper.
On September 13, a pair of Converse All-Stars was released with a polka dot design.
Golf Wang made its runway debut on June 11, 2016, at Made LA, a fashion event created by IMG. 2016 was the premiere of Made LA on the west coast. The show also marked the debut of the 'Golf le Fleur' shoe collaboration, with Converse and Vans. In addition to a live audience, the show was broadcast on the internet. Notable attendees included Kanye West, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Kendall Jenner, YG, Janelle Monáe, Solange Knowles, and Amandla Stenberg.
The show implemented a "see-now, buy-now" process at the event, meaning that the collection was available for pre-order after the show. The show's set design included a bedroom connected to a skate ramp and the event was accompanied by musical performances.
The first Odd Future store was opened on Fairfax Avenue in 2011. The Odd Future would come to be the first retail space that sold Golf Wang. In 2014, Tyler described in a series of tweets that the Odd Future store on Fairfax Avenue had closed. On October 25, 2017, Tyler announced that he would open the Golf Wang flagship, named "GOLF" on 350 North Fairfax Avenue in Los Angeles, California. The new location officially opened on October 26, 2017, and features an indoor skating bowl. A second "GOLF" storefront opened on November 12, 2022, located on 35 Howard Street in New York, NYC. Finally, third "GOLF" storefront opened in London on October 21, 2023, becoming the first store to open outside of the United States launching their "GOLF ACROSS THE POND" limited time campaign. Tyler held meet and greets at both stores upon their opening.
GOLF WANG has released a variety of collections since 2013. The most notable being: F/W 2013, S/S 2014, F/W 2014, S/S 2015, F/W 2015, F/W 2016, F/W 2017, AUTUMN 2018, WINTER 2018, SUMMER 2019, WINTER 2019, AUTUMN 2019, AUTUMN 2020, WINTER 2020, AUTUMN 2020, WINTER 2020, SUMMER 2021, WINTER 2021, SUMMER 2022, F/W 2022, S/S 2023, F/W 2023, and S/S 2024. | 2010 |
37596266 | Jennifer Lopez Collection | 2012-11-10 10:14:48+00:00 | The Jennifer Lopez Collection was an American lifestyle brand created by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. It was sold exclusively in Kohl's department stores and on their website. In Mexico, the collection is sold at department store Coppel. In November 2010, Kohl's announced the partnership with Lopez and her ex-husband Marc Anthony. Following Lopez and Anthony's divorce, the lines were marked as two separate brands. In May 2020, Kohl’s announced it would be removing 8 of its brands, including the Jennifer Lopez Collection, due to the coronavirus pandemic.
The Jennifer Lopez Collection included contemporary sportswear, dresses, handbags, jewelry, shoes, sleepwear, and a home collection.
Lopez and Anthony’s partnership with Kohl's was announced during a press conference at the London Hotel in Los Angeles, California on November 18, 2010. The deal, which was marketed as "the first celebrity couple to simultaneously design collections for one retailer", was aimed at including men's and women's clothing, as well as house wares. Lopez's collection was revealed to feature women's dresses, sportswear, handbags and jewelry, while Anthony's was to contain men's dress shirts, ties, sport coats and shoes. Kohl's expected "the his-and-hers line" to expand into home accessories over time. The new venture was expected to generate up to $3 billion in additional sales for Kohl's in its first year alone.
Following the couple's separation in July 2011, it was announced that the line would go forward as two separate clothing lines. Rick Darling, the president of LF USA, which is sublicensing the brands to Kohl's exclusively, added: "We have two separate agreements with Jennifer and Marc and always intended to have separate lines. [Their split] doesn't impact the agreements in any way."
In June 2014, Billboard reported Lopez received 5% of all revenues from her collection.
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The fall 2011 collection was previewed in the August 2011, edition of O, The Oprah Magazine. In the magazine, Lopez is shown "modeling her faux-fur-lined belted sweater with skinny jeans and matching boots". Eight O readers were also styled in the collection, which included "on-trend animal prints paired with neutral colors" that Lopez labeled as "accessible, everyday glamour." The full look book for the collection, was released on August 17. The collection became available at Kohl's department stores and at Kohls.com starting on September 11, 2011. The debut of Lopez's and Anthony's lines marked the biggest product launch in the retailer's history, according to CEO Kevin Mansell.
The line, whose items range in price from $22 to $150, was inspired by Lopez's "glamorous and cosmopolitan lifestyle" as a "globally recognized entertainer". "The contemporary collection is easy, comfortable and designed for women who want effortless, sophisticated style at a great value."
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On February 29, Lopez posted photos from the commercial shoot for the spring collection onto her official website. The commercial was on March 4. The commercial was directed by Darren Aronofsky.
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The fall 2012 collection focuses on "trendy elements that accentuate femininity". The collection includes numerous autumnal elements, dresses to knitted cardigans, stylish shirts, maxi skirts and sweaters. | 2010 |
37634667 | Manpacks | 2012-11-14 00:35:17+00:00 | Manpacks was a quarterly subscription service offering men's underwear, socks, toiletries and other basic needs. Buyers created their pack with offered items including boxer briefs, undershirts, socks, shaving products, and condoms, and the pack was automatically delivered every three months. The service has been discontinued.
Ken Johnson and Andrew Draper started working on the concept for Manpacks in December 2009 and founded the company in January 2010. Manpacks began as an experimental side project, but demand increased. Soon, customer management and the processing of orders turned into a full-time job. Upon launch, the site offered only offered underwear and socks.
Manpacks was the first American subscription ecommerce service offering men's essentials. Numerous sites have since spawned and imitated Manpacks' business model. Shortly after launch, Manpacks was accepted into Betaspring's startup accelerator program. The company at one time had more than 10,000 subscribers.
Manpacks automatically shipped men basic needs like socks, underwear, razors, and toiletries every three months or when desired. Three months after placing an order, Manpacks would send customers a shipment reminder email. Manpacks' primary customers were people buying for the men in their life, men who are averse to shopping, and the lazy. | 2010 |
27214071 | Hosanna Kabakoro | 2010-05-04 02:36:12+00:00 | Hosanna Noelle-Leilani Kabakoro (born June 24, 1992) was an editor of Mai Life Style, the South Pacific's first style and fashion magazine. Kabakoro also served on the Board of Vision Fiji, was a spokesperson for the Fiji Water Foundation and now works as a model locally. At the age of 21, she was one of the youngest editors of a major publication in the South Pacific but only worked for the magazine for less than 6 months.
Kabakoro was born in Seoul, South Korea where her father attended seminary, and spent her childhood in Savusavu and Cakaudrove, Fiji. Kabakoro and her family moved to the United States following the 2000 Fijian coup d'état. She holds dual Fiji-United States citizenship.
In 2008 Kabakoro interned for U.S. Senator Larry Craig who later appointed her a United States Senate Page for the 110th Congress. Kabakoro attended the United States Senate Page School for one month.
Upon returning to Idaho, Kabakoro worked as a correspondent for the Magic Valley Times News and interned at KLIX-FM Radio in Idaho, and also in the News Department at Southern Idaho's CBS affiliate KMVT. She was home schooled and has attended College of Southern Idaho.
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After relocating to Twin Falls, Kabakoro became active in public service, with an emphasis on relocated and at-risk-immigrant youth. She is a recipient of the Bronze, Silver, and Gold Medal Congressional Awards, a Jefferson Award recipient and the President's Award. Kabakoro is also the recipient of a $30,000.00 Discover Scholarship, and was named a Philanthropic Education Organization Scholar. In 2009, former First Lady Laura Bush formally recognized Kabakoro for her public service and presented her with the Prudential Spirit of Community Award.
Kabakoro holds a Girl Scouts' Gold Award and was named one of ten Girl Scouts Young Woman of Distinction in 2010. The organization appointed her a lifetime member of the National Girl Scout Advisory Board.
In 2010 Kabakoro was nominated as one of Idaho Governor Butch Otter's Brightest Stars.
Kabakoro has written for UNLOCK MAGAZINE, and appeared on the covers of two national magazines, (Justine Magazine and Savvy Magazine)
She is a representative and spokesperson for the H.Y.P.E. Movement. In November 2010, Kabakoro was a featured speaker at the Destined for Greatness Conference in Salt Lake City, Utah.
In December 2010, Three Dot Dash announced Kabakoro as one of their 26 Global Youth Leaders. In August 2011, Kabakoro was appointed a Delegate to the 2011 One Young World Conference held in Zurich, Switzerland, and attended by notable world leaders including Desmond Tutu, Sir Bob Geldoff, and others.
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In October 2009, Kabakoro competed in her first beauty pageant and was crowned Miss Idaho Teen USA 2010. She also received the Miss Photogenic award and was voted Miss Congeniality by the other contestants. In July 2010 she represented Idaho in the Miss Teen USA 2010 pageant held at Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas and won the national Miss Congeniality award. | 2010 |
28330615 | 2010 Sahel famine | 2010-08-11 10:40:26+00:00 | A large-scale, drought-induced famine occurred in Africa's Sahel region and many parts of the neighbouring Sénégal River Area from February to August 2010. It is one of many famines to have hit the region in recent times.
The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition between the Sahara desert in the north of Africa and the Sudanian savannas in the south, covering an area of 3,053,200 square kilometres. It is a transitional ecoregion of semi-arid grasslands, savannas, steppes, and thorn shrublands.
The neighbouring Sénégal River Area contains various vegetation types and covers parts or all of Mauritania, Mali, Senegal and Guinea. It has also had very low rainfall over the last year according to the UN, NGOs and the Senegal River Basin Development Authority. Sudan set a new temperature record of 49.7 °C (121.3 °F) on 22 June, in the town of Dongola.
Famine and food shortages were present in the following Sahelian countries during 2010 after heavy rains hit the region in late 2009, followed by a heat wave: Sudan, the Niger, northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Chad, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Mali, as well as in parts of the neighbouring Sénégal River Area.
In December 2009, both USAID and several NGOs predicted an increased food insecurity situation in more of the southern districts of Mali as compared to the same time the previous year.
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The Western donor nations once theorised that the drought in the Sahel primarily was caused by humans over-using natural resources in the region through overgrazing, deforestation and poor land management. In the late 1990s, climate model studies suggested that large-scale climate changes were also triggers for the drought.
In the early 2000s, after the phenomenon of global dimming was discovered, some speculatively suggested, that the drought was likely caused by air pollution generated in Eurasia and North America. The pollution changed the properties of clouds over the Atlantic Ocean, disturbing the monsoons and shifting the tropical rains southwards. Global dimming, the blocking of sunlight by man-made particulates, has been identified as one culprit for a decades-long drought across sub-Saharan Africa.
A 2006 study by NOAA scientists Rong Zhang and Thomas L. Delworth suggests that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation/(MAO) plays a leading role. An AMO warm phase strengthens the summer rainfall over Sahel, while a cold phase reduces it. The AMO entered a warm phase in 1995 and, by assuming the presence of a theoretical 70-year cycle (following peaks in ≈1880 and ≈1950), it would probably peak around about 2020.
The Sahel's farmers have been largely cleared of blame for the 19th century's Sahel droughts. The Sahel region's rains in the 1930s and 1940s were caused by the recent warming of the Indian Ocean, rather than by over-farming causing environmental degradation as previously assumed, according to a new joint Scidev/UN study. With both a 3.5 C. rise in the Niger's temperature over the last decade and with irrigated land accounting for only 0.1% of the Niger's inhabitable land, regular famine crisis is inevitable in most years. Acute water shortages, which are common in the region's harsh weather, make irrigation systems all the more important for the local farmers.
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The Lake Chad basin straddles the borders of both Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad. The lake is situated 281 metres (922 ft) above sea level and is diminishing over time due to lack of rain water and major rivers running into it. According to the UN the marshy lake shrank as much as by 95% from about 1963 to 1998 yet they also state that "The 2007 (satellite) image shows significant improvement over previous years". Lake Chad is economically important, providing water to more than 20 million people living in the four countries that surround it (Chad, Cameroon, Niger, and Nigeria) on the edge of the Sahara Desert. The plant Typha Australis (or the big cattail) is cutting off water supplies in the Lake Chad Basin, and has slashed available water supplies in the Chad's region. The only protected area is Lake Chad Game Reserve, which covers half of the area next to the lake that belongs to Nigeria. The whole lake has been declared a Ramsar site of international importance.
Lake Chad's role in the Sahel famine has attracted attention partly due to the desertification that is increasingly claiming a huge swath not just of the Sahel region but also the entire African continent. According to a United Nations environment program, in 2002, this phenomenon, which is a process where the soil loses the capacity to retain necessary moisture, has covered nearly half of Africa. It was revealed that the Sahel region is one of the areas that are worst affected.
The problem is also highlighted by the discovery of fossil pollens indicating that, in ancient times, the shores of Lake Chad supported a well-watered savanna, which contributed to a lesser level of aridity in the Sahel area. It was found that around 3,000 B.C., the Sahel averaged 650 millimetres of rainfall a year compared to an average of 350 millimetres recorded today. Given the issue of desertification, even if Lake Chad was not directly a cause of the famine, its potential demise is expected to further aggravate the problem. There are studies that show that the incidence of famine is reportedly related to the delicate seasonal variations in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).
The shrinking of Lake Chad is blamed on the long droughts as well as the uptick in human activities such as the use of the lake's water for irrigation, the destruction of wooded areas for firewood, and the shift from the cultivation of corn and wheat to rice as the staple crop.
The Ubangi River diversion proposal
In the 1960s, a plan was proposed to divert the Ubangi River into Lake Chad. The copious amount of water from the Ubangi would revitalise the dying Lake Chad and provide livelihood in fishing and enhanced agriculture to tens of millions of central Africans and Sahelians. Inter-basin water transfer schemes were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s by Nigerian engineer J. Umolu (ZCN Scheme) and Italian firm Bonifica (Transaqua Scheme). In 1994, the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) proposed a similar project and at a March 2008 Summit, the Heads of State of the LCBC member countries committed to the diversion project. In April 2008, the LCBC advertised a request for proposals for a World Bank-funded feasibility study.
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Cotton and groundnuts are two of Chad's four major cash crops. Mali's major cash crops are peanuts and cotton. Mali's cotton production has grown from 500,000 tonnes in 1997 to a record 635,000 tonnes in 2003, which has pleased the African Association of Cotton Producers, but has also led to a claim that cash crops are being put before food and fodder crops in Mali, Burkina Faso and Chad. Cassava production has fallen slightly in Burkina Faso since 2007, relative to cotton output. Their cash crops are cotton, groundnuts, shea nuts, and sesame. The Sahel's farmers are largely cleared of blame for the 20th century's Sahel droughts and this is supported by the position that several of the cash crops in the Sahel region have desirable ecological effects such as the tree crops and the legumes, which help prevent the process of desertification. However, there is the enduring question of whether cash crops like cotton are more important than food plants like wheat and casava. This issue persists as studies cite that the famine is linked to the direct entitlement failure that affected people's access to food.
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Many of the world's countries, including many in Sub-saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the Cold War. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc.; in some of the less fortunate countries. The population of Chad has, for example, ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, further straining its resources. Nigeria is witnessing a similar growth in population, strained resources and a possible over-population problem in the near future.
The situation was most acute in northern, western and central Africa. Refugees from places like the Sudan have helped further strain the resources of neighbouring states like the Chad and Egypt. The nation is also host to roughly 255,000 refugees from Sudan's Darfur region, and about 77,000 refugees from the Central African Republic, whilst approximately 188,000 Chadians have been displaced by their own civil war and famines, have either fled to either the Sudan, the Niger or, more recently, Libya.
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On 25 August a French aid worker was kidnapped in Chad. The kidnapping of foreigners along the Chad/Darfur border became more frequent in 2009. A French NGO worker was taken and then murdered on 29 October 2009, and an unidentified Red Cross worker was captured on 10 November 2009. Many NGOs and charities have begun to restrict the areas covered by their aid work in Niger, Chad, and Sudan due to the ever-present risk of bandits and kidnappers. The organisations are thus pulling out in fear of their workers' lives.
Most international aid agencies have been withdrawing workers from some areas of the Sahel, due to the regional kidnapping crisis. Niger's government spokesman Mahamane Lawali Danda told the BBC that the pullout was a surprise to him since no one had told him or his government that Niger was on the list of dangerous 'kidnapper infested' pariah nations, along with Chad, Darfur and Sudan. Strangely, Mauritania and Mali were not on the list of dangerous nations, despite several al-Qaeda lead kidnappings in both during 2009.
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11 January saw an emerging famine situation in south eastern Sudan according to the UN, NGOs, the EU and various Charities.
The government of Niger says 7,800,000 risk starvation in 2010 as heavy drought and high heat hit Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad and northern Nigeria on both 27 and 28 January and was estimated to need about $220,000,000 million this year in food and agricultural aid. The EU's ECHO aid department said of signs of food shortages were in Niger and spreading to neighbours such as Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad and northern Nigeria as 15,000,000 are estimated to face a chronic food shortage in Niger. The EU and UN also put out a famine alert for Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad and northern Nigeria and began to appeal for aid on the 28th. The EU, China and Russia stopped giving Niger aid in 2009 after President Mamadou Tandja defied UN, EU and worldwide criticism over extending his term in office.
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The UN, NGOs and charities warned of heavy food insecurity in Southern Sudan throughout February due to an emerging famine and the ongoing conflict between Misseriya nomad in the Southern Kordofan department. The rainfall was reported at an all-time low in Mauritania and neighbouring parts of Senegal during most of February and early March.
The EU warns of a pending Sahel famine centered upon Niger, Burkina Faso and Chad on 1 February.
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Human Rights Watch said that Al Qaeda should stop targeting African civilians and aid workers on 16 March.
A drought was confirmed to have hit parts of Burkina Faso on 10 March, by USAID and the UN.
On 13 March 2010 the UN, NGOs, the EU and various charities put out a famine alert for parts of southern Sudan.
On 15 March 2010 Britain's Save The Children charity launched an appeal as 840,000 Nigerians are confirmed to be in imminent risk of a famine.
On 17 March 2010, a famine was declared in Mao in Chad's sand-swept Kanem region.
On 23 March 2010, major sandstorms hit Mauritania, Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea and inland Sierra Leone. Another hit southern Algeria, inland Mauritania, Mali and northern Côte d'Ivoire at the same time.
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During April and June, Islamic Relief (IR) sent aid workers to the North Kordofan to help improve their 16-year-old Um Dam and North Kordofan Water Project (NKWP). The UN, NGOs, charities and the Sudanese government reported that food security was a major concern in South Sudan and would stay at risk until the rainy season in September.
By 8 April 2010, starving children and elders filled the wards of a hospital in Akobo, Sudan. Several aid groups like Save the Children and Medair found out that 46% of children in the region were malnourished. The U.N. blamed two years of failed rainfall and the ongoing tribal clashes in the region for helping to create the humanitarian crisis in southern Sudan. The World Food Programme(WFP) was feeding 80,000 (up from 20,000 since April 2009) and the U.N. says 4,300,000 people in southern Sudan need food aid.
On 23 April 2010, said Nigerien Culture Minister Aminata Takoubakoyea, there was a reported food supply deficit of 119,700 tonnes and a fodder supply deficit of 16,000,000 tonnes. Niger's leading musicians and singers held a charity concert in Niamey to assist.
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On 1 May 2010, the West African nation of Chad was on the verge of a nationwide famine as drought, armed conflict, and an influx of Darfur refugees all contributed to a chronic food shortage that now affects 2,000,000 people (20% of the country's total population). Various aid groups, NGOs and charities said a catastrophic famine could hit the country in the near future if food relief does not arrive soon. The UN warned that a famine had hit the town of Mao in Chad's Kanem region.
The city of Niamey, Niger took in refugees from Tillabéri department 12 days before, after they turned up hoping the city would help them. By 3 May 2010, the towns of Kongomé, Zinder, Tanout and Dalli were the worst hit by the drought.
Morocco gives a short term cash loan to both the Niger and Mali.
NGOs and Charities report famine conditions Kindal region on the 5th.
On 12 and 26 May 2010, both Mauritania, the Sénégal River Area and neighbouring parts of both Senegal and Mali faced both drought and famine.
On 14 May 2010, USAID issued a food shortage alert for the Kordofan states.
Seven died of dehydration in Ghaidi Magha, Mauritania, near the Malian border on 18 May 2010.
Afrol News reported on 25 May that about 2,000,000 Chadians were at risk of having a famine occur in their regions after the combined effects of 2 years of drought and pestilence had ruined their harvest yet again.
On 27 and 28 May 2010, Mali and Niger faced a famine situation in their northern territories. The Kidal, Timboktu and Gao had their crops and livestock die off. Gao's historic nomad market had virtually no food stuffs or animal fodder in it.
31 May saw Chad embroiled in a fiscal controversy. A 12-metre statue of a horseman, the Rond-point de la Grande Armée, in the capital N'djamena, cost over $3,000,000. Both local critics, NGOs and overseas donor nations all wondered where the money had come from and thought it would have been better spent on buying food and irrigation equipment.
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NGOs, various charities and the UN warned of heavy food shortages and food insecurity in Sudan's Blue Nile, Kassala, Janub Darfur, South Kordofan and North Kordofan departments.
Dehydration was reported to have killed one person in Niger, while others in the region were at risk of water shortages on 1 June.
Severe drought caused to 10,000,000 to go seriously short on as the Eastern Sahel crisis increases and local food prices surge on 3 June. Niger has 7,100,00 victims, Chad has 2,000,000 victims and other country have 900,000 victims in total. Niger, Chad, the eastern parts of Mali and northern Cameroon have also been badly affected by the failed rains and scorching heat, according to the UN World Food Programme. The WFP, which plans to assist 3,600,000 people in the coming months and said the crisis is expected to last at least until the next harvest in September 2010. The British charity Save the Children, launched an emergency appeal for Niger. Starving families were reported as either have travelled more than 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) to reach the capital Niamey to find work and/or beg for food, while others have crossed the border in Nigeria. A Similar situation is occurring in Chad as, desperate Chadians fled into southern Libya. Sudan and Burkina Faso were in a server food insecure situation too.
On 6 June 2010, growing famine in the Niger drove thousand of refugees into the Nigerian provinces of Kano and Katsina states. About 7,000,000 were facing a food shortage crisis in Niger.
On 7 June the Malian Government's Early Warning System released an estimate that 258,000 people were suffering from malnutrition in the towns of Gao and Kidal in April. Low and erratic rainfall in 2009 had occurred in Timbuktu, Kidal, and Gao, leading to a heavy regional drought. Hundreds of refugees moved to Gao from Burkina Faso and Niger, but were now too weak with starvation to leave Mali. The UN and Mali's government asked the developed nations for food aid and financial help in the face of the growing humanitarian crisis. The amount taken in Nigeria's harvest was down by 65,000 tonnes, whilst Niger had virtually nothing to take from their harvest.
On 8 June 2010, France food aid to and the European Union pledged an additional $28,000,000 million to help the millions of victims in the Niger, the Chad, Burkina Faso, and northern Nigeria. The charity Save the Children sent a team to Aguie in Niger, 850 km north east from the capitol Niamey, to set up an aid centre on the 8th and reported back on the 9th than 350,000 children faced severe malnutrition.
On 9 June, various groups of hydrologists, geologists and scientists in the Sahara desert used magnetic imaging technology when looking for aquifer sites for drilling water wells in Eastern Chad. Both northern Mali, southern Libya, southern Algeria, eastern Chad were being examined in part of an ongoing project to find viable drilling as the region's nations try to find new water sources to keep up with their growing demand. In recent years, roughly 300,000 refugees have arrived from both the war-torn Sudan and ailing Central African Republic, thus straining the already limited water supplies. Both Algeria, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger have shown a major interest in the further development of this resource lead local industry.
On 11 June 2010, the UN's World Food Organisation, Oxfam and MSF all warned of an impending famine in Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, Niger and northern Nigeria. Niger's Diffa Region was of the most concern to the experts at hand.
By 13 June 2010, roughly 30% of crops failed in some of Niger's provinces.
A new heat wave hit Niger on 21 June, causing an increased area of drought in that country as well. Niger's crops failed and famine occurred. About 350,000 faced starvation and 1,200,000 were at risk of famine according to the Niger's government, while the UN said roughly 2,000,000 Chadians, 7,000,0000 Nigerians and 1,000,000 other people of the Sahel region faced starvation and 200,000 Nigerian children were malnourished.
In over-heated Chad, the temperature reached 47.6 °C (117.7 °F) on 22 June in Faya-Largeau, breaking a record set in 1961 at the same location. Niger tied its highest temperature record set in 1998, on also 22 June, at 47.1 °C in Bilma. That record was broken the next day, on 23 June when Bilma hit 48.2 °C (118.8 °F). The hottest temperature recorded in Sudan was reached on 22 June, at 49.7 °C (121.3 °F) in Dongola, breaking a record set in 1987. Sudan's record temperature was matched on the 23rd too.
On 23 June the UN, WFP and various humanitarian agencies requested $190,700,000 million to enable them respond to the unfolding famine in Niger. The UN estimates that just under 50% of country's 7,100,000 people risked starving to death.
On 24 June the government of Niger admitted that it was suffering from a major famine and said aid workers and NGOs were now welcome. The government of the Ivory Coast had reported to various NGOs that it was struggling to control desertification and imminent drought conditions in parts of its northern savanna lands. Oxfam launch a £7,000,000 emergency appeal to try to help more than 800,000 of the most vulnerable people in Chad, Niger and Mali.
26 June saw 1,600,000 Chadians facing food insecurity in the Bahr el Gazel Region, Batha Region, Guera Region, Hadjer-Lamis Region, Lac Region and the Kanem Region. About 604,000 people were benefiting from its assistance as a total 60% of families became victims of the famine in varying degrees according to the UN's World Food Programme (WFP). Chad appealed to donors for increased contribution to the international famine relief operation in Chad that received US$42,100,000 of a pledged total of US$65,000,000, to enable it continue all its relief work and charitable activities until the end of the year 2010. Cameroon also suffered from heavy desertification in the savanna regions of South Region, Centre Region, West Region, Northwest Region and Far North Region.
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July saw sporadic and small-scale food riots in Sudan's Blue Nile, Janub Darfur, South Kordofan and North Kordofan departments. The Muslim Hands charity set up an appeal and sent aid to Niger and Mali in July. It was the worst Niger famine since 1984, with 3,500,000 people starving.
On 6 July, the Methodist Relief and Development Fund (MRDF) aid experts said that more than 1,500,000 Nigerians were at risk of famine due to a month-long heat wave that was hovering over Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Morocco. A fund of about £20,000 was distributed to the crisis-hit countries of Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso and Mauritania.
The heat wave that left Morocco for the Iberian Peninsula on 11 July was attributed to the regional hot air currents that depart from the Sahara desert in Northern Africa at about 1,000 meters in altitude. This facilitated a movement in the hot air towards the Balkans and the Ukraine via the Straits of Gibraltar, Spain and Italy. Unusually hot weather was also reported in parts of Algeria on 11 July.
On 12 July 2010, a local goat farmer was killed and his small flock stolen by Chadian refugees in the South Darfur region of the Sudan. The UN's WFP body estimated that 2,500,000 were at risk of a famine breaking out in their part of Niger.
On 13 July, the USAID funded Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), and the UN warned of a food supply shortage in northern Sudan, with increasing food insecurity focused on the war torn Darfur region and other neighbouring areas. The deteriorating security situation in the conflict zone was predicted to reduce both productivity and peoples' access to local agricultural well, as well as disrupting the seasonal livestock migration. USAID/OFDA provided $133,200,000 to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to help remedy the crisis in the three Darfur states. Concerns were also raised about the situation in Chad,
Three years of famine and then the recent sandstorms devastated Niger on 14 July. Diarrhoea, starvation, gastroenteritis, malnutrition and respiratory diseases kill and sicken many children. The new military junta appealed for international food aid and has taken serious steps to call overseas help since coming to office in February 2010. Sudan witnessed minor food rioting in Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile, and Abyei as profiteering locals and merchants and Ugandan exporters took advantage of the shortages in order to heavily mark up their selling prices.
15 July saw more border conflicts between the Nuer and the Dinka, further hindering aid workers in Southern Sudan.
On 17 July, Mohamed Béavogui, the Director of Western and Central Africa Division of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), called for more international help for the people of the Sahel, who had a 410,000 tons of cereals and 20,000 tons of fodder deficit. He also condemned the world for not doing enough to help the Sahel, but stopped short of Cheminade's idea of pumping water from the Zaire River into Lake Chad to reinvigorate its water supply and stop any further shrinkage.
On 24 July, the British Red Cross flew its logistics teams Bristol Airport to Niger to help the army and local officials with transportation. The relief effort has already been made possible by the response to the Red Cross's West Africa Crisis Appeal, which aims to raise £500,000. According to UN agencies, 200,000 children need treatment for malnutrition in Niger alone, as Oxfam put out an £7,000,000 appeal to cover both Chad and Niger.
France sent unspecified food and cash aid to Mali on 25 July.
On 26 July the heat reached near-record levels over Chad and Niger, and about 20 had reportedly died in northern Niger of dehydration on 27 July.
27 July also saw a critical situation occurring in northern Mali and Chad. About 8,000,0000 Nigerians, 1,600,000 Chadians and 500,000 Malians were on the verge of a major food shortage as the Nigerian journalist Tidiane Kassé said that by tackling the consequences rather than the causes would be a better form of long-term help for the region.
On 31 July, leading economists predicted that food prices, especially wheat, would rise in Chad as Russia ends exports due to a domestic drought destroying their wheat and barley harvests.
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On 1 August, Gadabeji, Niger suffered 35 °C heat and drought. On 1 August, just under 12,000,000 people in Niger (approximately 80% of the nation's entire population) faced a food supply crisis and possibly even famine conditions. The Tillabéri region is 30 km from the capital, Niamey, on the road to the Saharan town of Timbuktu. Unusually severe rainfall destroyed and then rotted the farmers' crops. Basic food stuffs like maize, millet and sorghum were running out in West Africa's Sahel. Both Chad and northern Nigeria have a similar, but less severe problem.
On 3 August, Burkina Faso was hit by a drought, as 4,500,000 Burkinans and 6,700,000 Nigerians faced starvation. Human Rights Watch (HRW) said the Sudanese Nuer–Dinka war was hampering relief efforts and damaging agricultural output in parts of South Sudan.
10 August saw an Al Jazeera reporter say that 7,500,000 Nigerians were at risk of famine and 15,000,000 could face a famine across the Sahel.
An estimated 8,000,000 people faced famine conditions in Niger on 11 August. Senegal and Gambia sent food aid to the Niger.
On 12 August, Gianluca Ferrera, deputy director for the UN's World Food Programme in the Niger, said malnutrition and crop failures were at a record levels in 2010. Food shortages are affecting 12,000,000 people and 400,000 children face starvation. Food prices rose by about 300% since the crisis began and thus hardly any one can afford to buy the remaining food.
14 August saw protests across Sénégal over concerns relating to the ruling party's poor governance in the face of recent floods, storms and power cuts across the country, along with the current heavy drought in Senegal's Sahel region.
15 August had aid workers and their organisations warn of an imminent nationwide famine in Niger.
On 20 August, floods which were the worst for 80 years hit the Shale region. The U.N. warned that Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and northern Nigeria are also in the grip of the worst regional food crisis since 2006. In the savannah Kano, Nigeria, over 2,000 families were displaced by floods and in the nearby Jigawa region, an entire village was evacuated due to heavy flooding. In Mauritania, a flood damaged bridges and many homes in the mountain town of Aioun. Heavy flooding was occurring around parts of lake Chad.
Most international aid agencies withdraw workers due to the regional kidnapping crisis. Niger's government spokesman Mahamane Lawali Danda told the BBC that the pullout came as a surprise since no one had told his government Niger was on the list of dangerous 'kidnapper infested' pariah states, along with Chad, Darfur and Sudan. Mauritania and Mali were not on the list of dangerous nations, despite several al-Qaeda lead kidnappings during 2009.
The U.N. warned of mass starvation in Niger and Chad and Oxfam said people in the region were surviving on leaves and berries picked in the wild. 8,000,000 were said to be near starvation by both organisation. The UN estimated that up to 7,800,000 Nigeriens were affected by heavy food shortages. Cafod set up a £100,000 aid programme on 21 August.
25 August had a French aid worker kidnapped in Chad. The kidnapping of foreigners along the Chad–Darfur border became more frequent in 2009. A French NGO worker was taken and then murdered on 29 October 2009, and an unidentified Red Cross worker was captured on 10 November 2009. Many NGOs and charities had started to restrict the areas covered by their aid work in Niger, Chad and Sudan, due to the ever-present risk of bandits and kidnapers.
On 28 August, charities and NGOs put out food shortage alerts for Niger. Heavy rain falls on the border of the CAR and the Chad.
31 August saw 7,900,000 of Niger's 15,300,000 people in immediate risk of starvation and Gordon Brown MP making plans for a $100,000 charity speech on the development of irrigation and water schemes to increase cultivable land the Niger and the Chad. He was quoted to have said in the interview that:
But, today, where there is suffering without hope, we can prevent children dying painful, avoidable deaths
On 31 August Sudan's army reported that 3 Russian helicopter crew members had been abducted by gunmen in Nyala, capital of South Darfur, just hours after Samaritan's Purse aid worker Flavia Wagner who had been kidnapped 18 May was set free. She was taken from the South Darfurian village of Abu Ajura, along with two Sudanese colleagues who were also freed after a week. The governor of South Darfur, Abdel Hamid Kasha, Sudan foreign ministry spokesman Moawiya Osman and Samaritan's Purse's leader Franklin Graham, and the Russian ambassador to Chad welcomed Flavia's release, but condemned the kidnap of the three Russians and that of two Jordanian UNAMID police advisers in Darfur, on the 14th. Another Russian helicopter pilot was taken prisoner for four days after landing in South Darfur to take rebels' spokesmen to Chad for alleged peace talks.
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On 1 September, aid agencies and NGOs called for aid to be given to Niger as 7,000,000 faced starvation.
4 September had Cholera outbreaks kill 41 in Chad and one in Nigeria.
8 September saw a Chinese CGC Overseas Construction Co. Ltd. oil worker kidnapped in Bahaï, Chad and took him to Sharq al-Teyna, in Sudan's Darfur region.
On 13 September the Prem Rawat Foundation gave $30,000 loan to pay for Niger to buy food aid for children of its nomadic tribal groups.
On 14 September heavy rainfall in central and southern Chad raised hopes that the major drought in Africa's Sahel region would be over by early 2011. 10,000,000 were near to starvation in the Sahel. The UN's WFP had estimated that Chad needs about 100,000 metric tonnes of food aid, but had only received 70,000 metric tonnes so far. Most of the Chadian need to sell more cereal crops to make enough money to repay their huge debts. farmers According to Jean François Caremel of the Action Against Hunger charity branch in Chad. As both Chad and Niger faced an improving situation due to heavy rain fall over these countries, but a major famine was still unfolding in other countries of West Africa's dry Sahelian region
15 September had Sudanese and Chadian forces jointly searching for both the Chinese oil industry engineer taken on the 8th and a Chinese aid worker who was kidnapped from the same town on the morning of the 15th. Both the Chinese ambassador to Chad, the Chadian government and the Solidarity Action for Peace and Development NGO condemned the kidnappings.
The Chinese hostage was released in the Dafur on the 17th.
18 and 19 September In Hadejia, Nigeria, The flood victims sleep wherever they can, the men search for dry spots on the roads while women and children keep piling into their houses still standing as huge number of displaced people have returned to flood-hit villages in Northern Nigeria. Over two million people were affected by the flood waters and more than 50,000 families are still wandering homeless. Residential areas of the Kararar Rima village was also destroyed in the flood. Most of the houses were made of clay, so they easy dissolved in the flood water. As the rains fell the end of the pending famine looked close.
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The famine was finally relieved, as floods hit Ghana, Niger, Nigeria and Benin in October 2010. Cotonou's residents in Benin had to board canoes, on the 9th due to severe flooding. According to the UN, 680,000 people were homeless while more than 300,000 acres of crops had been destroyed and 81,000 livestock killed.
Flooding began in mid-September when heavy rains caused the Niger River in Benin's north to overflow and break its banks. Rainfall continued across the country.
Heavy rains caused the collapse of an already damaged dam in Ghana and displaced more than 700,000 people.
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Against a backdrop of conventional interventions through the state or markets, alternative initiatives have been pioneered to address the problem of food security. An example is the "Community Area-Based Development Approach" to agricultural development ("CABDA"), an NGO programme with the objective of providing an alternative approach to increasing food security in Africa. CABDA proceeds through specific areas of intervention such as the introduction of drought-resistant crops and new methods of food production such as agro-forestry. In an analysis of the programme by the Overseas Development Institute, CABDA's focus on individual and community capacity-building is highlighted. This enables farmers to influence and drive their own development through community-run institutions, bringing food security to their household and region.
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Mali and Libya were also tapping into the ancient Sub-Saharan aquifer and Bas Saharan Basin as a source of drinking water, as of 2009 and 2008 respectively.
On 9 June 2010 various groups of hydrologists, geologists and scientists in the Sahara desert used magnetic imaging techniques when looking for sites in aquifers for drilling water wells in Eastern Chad. Northern Mali, southern Libya, southern Algeria, eastern Chad were being examined in part of an ongoing project to find viable drilling as the region's nations try to find new water sources to keep up with their growing demand. Algeria, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger have shown a major interest in the further development of this resource lead local industry, which could prove a valuable asset for nomads, local farmers and townsfolk alike in the years to come.
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The Food Crises Prevention and Management Charter was validated on 11 August 2010, in the drought that hit Gambia. The signatory countries were from the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel (CILLS) and West Africa Club (SWAC), and the Gambia, which was also hosting the event. Mali, Mauritania, Senegal and the Gambia chose to express specific opinions on how to stop any further droughts in the region. The goal of the treaty is to help avert and mitigate the effects of future droughts, famines and food shortages in the member states. The CILSS was created in 1973 during the first of the 'great droughts' of the late 20th century. | 2010 |
63845882 | 3rd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea | 2020-05-03 13:24:44+00:00 | The 3rd Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea was held in Pyongyang on September 28, 2010. The meeting elected the highest authority of the Workers' Party of Korea, and revised the party charter. North Korean leader Kim Jong Il also attended the meeting. A plenary meeting of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea and the September 2010 plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea were held earlier on the same day.
According to Xinhuanet's report from the North Korean Central News Agency, after the start of the plenary session on September 28, 2010, Kim Yong-nam, chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, made a report on the election of Kim Jong Il for the general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea. After discussion, the delegates unanimously supported and passed Kim Jong Il's proposal to be re-elected as the general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea.
According to the Charter of the WPK, the Election Rules for the Supreme Leadership Organization of the Workers' Party of Korea, the meeting of the delegates announced that Kim Jong Il is a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Workers' Party of Korea Central Committee, a member of the Political Bureau of the Workers' Party of Korea Central Committee, Member of the Central Committee of the Labor Party and Chairman of the Central Military Committee of the WPK. Elected 124 members of the Central Committee of the WPK, including Kim Jong Il, Kang Sok-ju, Kim Jong Un, Kim Kyong-hui, and Pak Myong-sun (박명순), and 105 alternate members of the Central Committee of the WPK, including Jiang Jixie. Fifteen members of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea including Jin Changzhu and Park Mingshun were elected.
The meeting also notified the contents of the decision of the first plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea held earlier on the same day, and the contents of the decision of the September 2010 plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. The newly elected members of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea attended the party representative meeting.
The meeting of representatives passed the "Decision on Revising the Charter of the WPK." According to reports, the amendment comprehensively revised and supplemented the obligations of the WPK party members and the work content of party organizations at all levels, adding new chapters such as "Party and People's Government", "Party Emblem, and Party Flag", and added information on strengthening the Party. The leadership of the People's Government and Kim Il Sung Kim Jong Il Youth League, as well as the content of enhancing the role of party organizations within the Korean People's Army.
The report also stated that:
"Representatives of the heads of the Korean Party, armed forces, political organs, community groups, provincial and central organs, heads of the military, science, education, health care, culture and arts, press and publication departments of the People's Army attended the representatives of the Labor Party. The meeting. Jin Yongnan delivered opening and closing remarks at the meeting. After discussion and decision of the representative council of various representatives of North Korea, Cabinet Prime Minister Cui Yonglin was appointed as the speaker of the party representative meeting to carry out the relevant work of the meeting.
The first plenary meeting of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was held on September 28, 2010 in Pyongyang.
In this plenary meeting, Kim Chang-soo was elected as the chairman of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and Park Ming-shun was the vice chairman of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea. The meeting also elected members of the Central Auditing Committee of the WPK.
The Central Inspection Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea is the organization responsible for financial auditing and inspection of the Party's financial work as stipulated in the Constitution of the Workers' Party of Korea.
The September 2010 Plenary Meeting of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was held in Pyongyang on September 28, 2010.
The meeting discussed and elected the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and elected Kim Jong Il, Kim Yong-nam, Choe Yong-rim, Jo Myong-rok, and Ri Yong-ho as members of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.
The plenary session elected Kim Jong Il, Kim Yong-nam, Choe Yong-rim, Jo Myong-rok, Kim Yong-chun, Jon Pyong-ho, Kim Kuk-thae, Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Yang Hyong-sop, Kang Sok-ju, Pyon Yong-rip, Ri Yong-mu, Ju Sang-song, Hong Sok-hyong, Kim Kyong-hui as members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Korean Workers' Party. 15 alternate members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, including Kim Yang-gon, Kim Yong-il, and Jang Song-thaek, were elected.
The plenary session elected Kim Ki-nam, Choe Thae-bok, Choe Ryong-hae, Mun Kyong-dok, Pak To-chun, Kim Yong-il, Kim Yang-gon, Kim Phyong-hae, Thae Jong-su, and Hong Sok-hyong as secretaries of the Central Committee of the WPK.
The plenary session elected Kim Jong Il as the chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea, Kim Jong Un and Ri Yong-ho as vice chairmen, and also elected 16 members of the Central Military Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, including Kim Yong-chun, Kim Jong-gak, Kim Myong-guk, and Jang Song-thaek.
The plenary appointed Kim Ki-nam, Jang Song-thaek, Kim Yong-il, Kim Phyong-hae, Ri Yong-su, Ju Kyu-chang, Hong Sok-hyong, Kim Kyong-hui, Kim Phyong-hae, Choe Hi-jong, O Il-jong, Kim Yang-gon, Kim Jong-im, Chae Hi-jong, and Thae Jong-su as the Central Ministers of the WPK, Kim Ki-ryong was appointed as the chief editor of the Rodong Sinmun.
The plenary session elected Kim Guk-thae as the chairman of the Central Auditing Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, Jong Myong-hak as the first vice chairman, Ri Dung-nam as the vice chairman, Cha Gwan-sok, Bak Tong-man, Cha Sun-gil, and Kim Yong-song as members. | 2010 |
73797648 | 3rd European Union–African Union Summit | 2023-05-14 09:31:57+00:00 | The 3rd European Union–African Union Summit took place in Tripoli, Libya on 29 and 30 November 2010.
The event was held under the theme of "Investment, Economic Growth and job creation". Eurobarometer ahead of the summit showed that majority of European citizens agreed with the proposed focus of ties on economic development and regional integration. Participants of the summit adopted the Second Action Plan for the period between 2011 and 2013 which emphasized higher education. German Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs Guido Westerwelle highlighted the importance of peaceful conduct of the upcoming 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum and expressed his country's willingness to support both the north and the south if the vote leads to an independent southern state. He also rejected Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's request for additional five billion euros in aid to stem the migration. | 2010 |
47282258 | 15th Republican People's Party Extraordinary Convention | 2015-07-19 21:01:41+00:00 | The 15th Extraordinary Convention of the Republican People's Party was held on 18 December 2010 to elect all 80 members of the Party Council of the Republican People's Party (CHP) of Turkey. It was the first Extraordinary Convention held by party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who was elected as the party's leader in May 2010.
The vote was seen as a broad endorsement of Kılıçdaroğlu, who was half a year into his leadership. Most elected members of the Party Council were part of Kılıçdaroğlu's list of candidates. However, the election was also a setback for Deputy Leader Gürsel Tekin, who received 762 votes and thus failed to make it into the Party Council. It was rumoured that Tekin had phoned Kılıçdaroğlu at 03:00 in the morning before the convention. Left-wing actor Levent Kırca was also present at the convention.
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Members elected to the Party Council directly, along with the votes they received, are as follows.
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Members elected to the Party Council through the Culture, Science and Executive Quota, along with the votes they received, are as follows. | 2010 |
43925931 | 33rd Republican People's Party Ordinary Convention | 2014-09-22 23:49:27+00:00 | The 33rd Republican People's Party Ordinary Convention was held on 22 and 23 May 2010 in order to elect a new leader following the resignation of Deniz Baykal after a sex-tape scandal. The only candidate was former CHP parliamentary group leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who was both nominated and unanimously elected with a record share of the delegates' votes.
Baykal initially had considered re-running for election due to strong support from the party's central executive committee, but the lack of support from the local party association chairpersons resulted in him withdrawing from the leadership race. While Kılıçdaroğlu received the support of 77 out of the 81 provincial chairpersons, Baykal received the endorsement of the remaining four. A total of 1,250 delegates were registered for election, with Kılıçdaroğlu receiving 1,189 (with 8 invalid votes).
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Members elected to the Party Council are as follows, with the number of votes they received shown in brackets.
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Members elected to the Party Council through the science, culture and executive quota are as follows, with the number of votes they received shown in brackets.
A candidate for the leadership needed the signatures of 20% of the registered delegates to officially run for election.
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Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, parliamentary group leader and CHP Member of Parliament since 2002. Received 1,246 nominations.
Deniz Baykal, three-time leader of the CHP and former government minister. Stood down as a candidate before the election.
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25776254 | American Astronomical Society 215th meeting | 2010-01-12 05:20:42+00:00 | The 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) took place in Washington, D.C., Jan. 3 to Jan. 7, 2010. It is one of the largest astronomy meetings ever to take place as 3,500 astronomers and researchers were expected to attend and give more than 2,200 scientific presentations. The meeting was actually billed as the "largest Astronomy meeting in the universe". An array of discoveries were announced, along with new views of the universe that we inhabit; such as quiet planets like Earth - where life could develop are probably plentiful, even though an abundance of cosmic hurdles exist - such as experienced by our own planet in the past.
The NASA mission of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is to use infrared light to scan the entire sky for millions of hidden objects, including asteroids, failed stars and powerful galaxies . Launched on December 14, 2009, the data from WISE will serve as a navigation tool for other probes in space missions, such as NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The first image was presented at the 215th annual AAS meeting. An infrared snapshot of a region in the constellation Carina, near the Milky Way was taken shortly after the survey telescope ejected its cover. In a patch of sky three times larger than the Moon, the picture shows about 3,000 stars in the Carina constellation.
The focus for discovering new exoplanets has been on sun-like stars. The catalog of more than 400 exoplanets has proved that these searches are successful, because exoplanets of various sizes have been discovered. However, other star types are also a likely place to discover new exoplanets. New research, announced at the meeting, confirms that planet formation is a natural by-product of star formation. Planet formation occurs even around stars much more massive than the Sun. However, the life of the stars which the planets orbit are so short that intelligent extraterrestrial life is not very likely. A and B type stars were surveyed for the research which involved NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, the Two Micron All-Sky Survey, and astronomers from the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO).
In a span of three months seventeen pulsars - millisecond pulsars - were discovered in the Milky Way galaxy. Unknown high-energy sources detected by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope revealed the existence and location of the pulsars. This is an accelerated pace for discovering such objects, which could be used as a "galactic GPS" to detect gravitational waves passing near Earth. Although the pulsars are relatively old they have not slowed because, these millisecond pulsars have been kept rapidly rotating and renewed with material by accretion of matter from a companion star. The combined total of 60 known millisecond pulsars creates an all-sky array. Precise monitoring of timing changes, utilizing this array, may allow the first direct detection of gravitational waves.
According to the classical model of planet migration, the earth should have been drawn into the sun as a planetoid, along with other planets. However, a new theoretical model was presented at the annual meeting. It shows that the assumption a proto-planetary disk around a star has constant temperature across its whole span is erroneous. Portions of the disk are actually opaque and so cannot cool quickly by radiating heat out to space. This creates temperature differences across the disk, and these differences have not been accounted for before in models that were applied. The differences in temperature counteract the natural gravitational pull of the sun (or proto-sun), at a crucial time during planet formation.
On 4 January 2010, the Kepler space telescope announced the discovery its first five new exoplanets, named Kepler-4b, 5b, 6b, 7b and 8b. These exoplanets had sizes comparable to that of Neptune to larger than Jupiter, with orbits ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 days, and estimated temperatures ranging from 2,200 °F to 3,000 °F (1,200 °C to 1,650 °C).
The discovery of HD156668b, a super-Earth class exoplanet, was announced on January 7, 2010, at the 215th meeting American Astronomical Society (AAS), in Washington DC.
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A super-Earth is an extrasolar planet with a mass between that of Earth and the Solar System's gas giants. The term super-Earth refers only to the mass of the planet and does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability.
Andrew Howard of the University of California at Berkeley, announced the planet's discovery at the 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Washington, D.C.
At the meeting, the details of the findings were first presented by the research group which had used the twin Keck Telescopes in Hawaii to detect the exoplanet. With the twin telescopes functioning as a single observatory, by means of interferometry, it was determined that HD156668b is only four times larger than the Earth, and the second smallest exoplanet yet found.
There are over 400 exoplanets thus far discovered, and only a very small number are categorized as Super-Earth class. Finding such planets as HD156668b, which are closer to Earth in size, has become a priority in Astronomy science. For example, the Kepler mission, is part of the intense popular interest surrounding the discovery of hundreds of planets orbiting other stars. Kepler telescope, however has a more specific mission - to discover hundreds of terrestrial planets which are defined as exoplanets that are one half to twice the size of the Earth.
A priority is to find those in the habitable zone of their stars where liquid water and possibly life might exist. Discoveries such as HD156668b allow astronomers such as the Keck research group to demonstrate they are able to find smaller and smaller planets. Ultimately, results such as those from the Keck group, and the Keppler mission will allow the Solar System to be placed within a continuum of planetary systems in the Galaxy.
HD156668b, is considered to be relatively close at just 80 light-years away. It is in the constellation Hercules. According to early measurements, it appears to be orbiting its parent star about once every four days (approximately). The wobble of the planet's star revealed the existence of HD156668b. The alignment probability is 0.5% for finding a planet in an Earth-like orbit about a solar-like star, compared to the giant planets discovered in four-day orbits, the alignment probability is more like 10%.
Other researchers from the California Institute of Technology, Yale University and Penn State University also participated in the study.
Black holes along with new data were a notable topic at the conference.
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Almost every galaxy has a black hole with a mass of one million to one billion times that of the sun. A super-massive black hole, of more than 4 million solar masses, is located in the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. As the universe has evolved, galaxies often collide and merge, creating larger galaxies. This has led to the supposition that galaxies in mid-merge should have a two great black holes (a pair) orbiting one another. Expectations were, that this should be a common observation, hand in hand with mid merge collisions. However, observation has not validated this supposition; only a few orbiting pairs had been found. When observation did not match expectation, this posed problems for theories of how galaxies merge and grow.
These statistics have been recently altered. 33 pair of super-massive orbiting black holes were recently discovered. The first 32 pair by the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey conducted with the Keck II Telescope on Hawaii's Mauna Kea. This survey determined which black hole was moving toward earth at which time. When the black hole moves toward Earth, its light is blue-shifted, meaning it has a shorter wavelength. Orbiting pairs were identified by looking for instances when one black hole was blueshifted and the other redshifted. The pairs orbit each other at 200 km per second, at several thousand light years apart.
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In a globular cluster 65 million light years from Earth evidence is accumulating that a black hole, one thousand times more massive than the sun, has caused the destruction of a white dwarf star. It appears that the white dwarf is heating up as it falls toward the black hole. This event creates an intense stellar astrophysical X-ray source, called an ultraluminous X-ray source. The indication of this type of strong X-ray source means that it is more luminous than any known stellar X-ray source, but less luminous than the X-ray intensity of supermassive black holes, which places it in the range of theorized intermediate black holes. Their exact nature of ULXs has remained a mystery, but one suggestion is that some ULXs are black holes with masses between about a hundred and a thousands times that of the Sun.
A mix of detected natural elements seems to indicate the actual source of the X-ray emissions are debris from the white dwarf. If evidence authenticates the observations from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Magellan telescopes, it means the first actual observation of an intermediate black hole. Furthermore, it would be the first confirmed observation of a black hole destroying a star. And it would support theories which state intermediate black holes exist in globular clusters.
Prior to this it has been argued that supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies are to be attributed with disruption and destruction of stars. However, observing such an event in a globular cluster is a first. To date no candidate for an intermediate black hole has been widely accepted.
A possible candidate
Data obtained in optical light with the Magellan I and II telescopes in Las Campanas, Chile, also provides intriguing information about this object, which is found in the elliptical galaxy NGC 1399 in the Fornax galaxy cluster. The spectrum reveals emission from oxygen and nitrogen but no hydrogen, a rare set of signals from within globular clusters. The physical conditions deduced from the spectra suggest that the gas is orbiting a black hole of at least 1,000 solar masses.
To explain these observations, researchers suggest that a white dwarf star strayed too close to an intermediate-mass black hole and was ripped apart by tidal forces. The black hole is swallowing material from the white dwarf star, and the material's velocity implies the size of the black hole. In this scenario the X-ray emission is produced by debris from the disrupted white dwarf star that is heated as it falls towards the black hole and the optical emission comes from debris further out that is illuminated by these X-rays.
Another interesting aspect of this object is that it is found within a globular cluster, a very old, very tight grouping of stars. Astronomers have long suspected globular clusters contained intermediate-mass black holes, but there has been no conclusive evidence of their existence there to date. If confirmed, this finding would represent the first such substantiation.
The Milky Way, and probably most other galaxies too, are surrounded by a halo of dark matter. The shape of the Milky Way has been determined. The research is the first time scientists have measured the three-dimensional shape of a dark matter halo . | 2010 |
28646275 | 20th Anniversary World Tour Reboot | 2010-08-31 11:50:18+00:00 | 20th Anniversary World Tour Reboot is a concert tour by Japanese rock band Luna Sea. The tour is the first set of regular concerts given by the band in ten years since their Final Act concerts in December 2000, following a one night reunion concert in 2007 and a performance at the hide memorial summit in 2008.
The tour kicked off on November 27, 2010 in Bochum, Germany and ended on December 31 in Kobe, Japan. The tour also included a free concert under the band's original name, Lunacy, on Christmas night.
After their God Bless You ~One Night Dejavu~ concert on December 24, 2007 at the Tokyo Dome and their performance at the hide memorial summit on May 4, 2008, Luna Sea started teasing a possible reunion for 2010. In May 2010 the band's official website was updated, and a series of YouTube videos were being uploaded hinting at the reunion. The last video was uploaded in late July, revealing an important announcement for August 25, when a press conference was announced. On August 31, the band held a press conference in Hong Kong, which was streamed worldwide on Ustream.tv, confirming the reunion and their world tour schedule. It was also stated that new songs might be performed during the tour. Two new songs titled "Days of Repetition" and "Maria" were performed during the December 23 and 24 Tokyo Dome concerts, both recorded later in their next studio album A Will. "Promised Night", now known as "Promise", was performed at the World Memorial Hall on December 30.
On November 30, it was announced that Luna Sea would hold a free concert, titled Lunacy Kurofuku Gentei Gig ~the Holy Night~, at the Tokyo Dome on December 25, under their original name Lunacy. There was a dress code of black clothing, reminiscent of a trend the band started back in their indie days, and all songs performed were pre-1995. The concert was broadcast live in 22 theaters around Japan.
On December 9, a two-day concert at the World Memorial Hall in Kobe for December 30 and 31 was announced, the later being a New Year "countdown" concert.
The entire tour was documented and released on home video, as were the December 24 and 25 concerts at the Tokyo Dome, on March 30, 2011. Their December 4 concert in Los Angeles was filmed in 3D, and was released as a live album and video. Titled Luna Sea 3D in Los Angeles, the album was released on June 1, while the video was premiered on May 29 at Toho Cinemas Roppongi Hills and began showing in theaters nationwide on June 4. The film was later released on DVD, Blu-ray and 3D Blu-ray on February 22, 2012.
Ryuichi – vocals
Sugizo – lead guitar, violin, backing vocals
Inoran – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
J – bass, backing vocals
Shinya (真矢) – drums | 2010 |
31508761 | 2010 World Tour | 2011-04-15 18:29:53+00:00 | The 2010 World Tour was a concert tour by rock band ZZ Top, which began in April 2010 and ended in December 2010. Like recent previous tours, it was a short outing, though for the first time in the band's career, they performed in South America, including three shows in Brazil. The band played many of their classic 1970s and 1980s hits. Critical reaction to the tour's shows was generally positive, although the absence of new material was noted. A great number of tickets were sold within a month of the tour's announcement, which prompted more dates to be added.
On December 11, 2009, it was confirmed that ZZ Top would be headlining the High Voltage Festival in July 2010. The band announced five dates in South America, including three shows in Brazil; a video message by Billy Gibbons (speaking in Spanish) was posted on the band's official website for fans in Chile. Pre-sales began a month later and, according to ZZ Top's official Twitter, tickets for the May 20th show in São Paulo were sold-out. By the time the first North American leg was underway, more US concerts were announced, including festivals like Summerfest, Rocklahoma, and the Crossroads Guitar Festival. Subsequent dates with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in the fall were announced as well. This forced the band to cancel many previously booked engagements, several of them being with the Mick Fleetwood Blues Band; shows at the Telluride Blues & Brews Festival in Colorado, Kansas State Fair, and Meadowbrook U.S. Cellular Pavilion in New Hampshire were canceled. After touring Europe in the summer, the band returned to North America, where they toured with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. In October 2010, they made a brief stop in Europe, where the Doobie Brothers opened shows in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway.
Donny Stuart was the production manager and has been with ZZ Top for the last four decades. In 1999, ZZ Top hired Toby Francis as front of house engineer, who had previously worked with Jane's Addiction and Guns N' Roses. Francis left in late 2010 to work with The Smashing Pumpkins and the band hired Jamie Rephann as a replacement. Jake Mann, from Clair Brothers, was the monitor engineer and has worked with the band for four years. Chris Stuba was the lighting designer, working with lighting technician Bobby Dominguez and assistant lighting technician Jeff Archibeque.
The sound was provided by Clair, consisting of Martin Audio products including WSX subwoofers and W8C loudspeakers, which were powered by Martin MA 2.8 and 4.2 power amplifiers. Billy Gibbons and Dusty Hill did not use stage monitors or in-ear monitors; instead they relied on custom-made speaker cabinets to monitor themselves, a ritual that both Gibbons and Hill have used for years. Bandit Lites provided the lighting package, including mostly Vari-Lite fixtures, with VL3000 and VL2500 spotlights, as well as VL3500 floodlights. Martin Light MAC2000 floodlights, Atomic 3000 strobe lights and Color Kinetics ColorBlast 12 LED fixtures completed the lighting package. The lighting was controlled by a grandMA lighting control console. In 2005, the band had custom microphone stands made by John A. Douglas, who designed one of several skull-themed drum kits for Frank Beard used on the tour. The stands were made from truck exhaust pipes and had color-changing LED tubes built inside. Microphones were Telefunken M80s that were chrome plated.
Before beginning rehearsals for the tour, ZZ Top held a poll on their official website, asking fans to vote for their top three favorite songs. The results revealed that four songs were actually added to the band's set list: "Beer Drinkers and Hell Raisers", "Viva Las Vegas", "Francine", and "Thunderbird". The main set would include five songs from Eliminator (1983), three songs from Tres Hombres (1973), and two songs from Rio Grande Mud (1972); highlights in the show were a medley of "La Grange", "Sloppy Drunk Blues", and "Bar-B-Q". Billy Gibbons and Dusty Hill wore custom-made jackets designed by Jaime Castaneda, who has worked for Nudie Cohn and Manuel Cuevas; their jackets usually consisted of rhinestones.
With the house lights down, the show began with a house music introduction. After about 50–60 seconds, the microphone stands would be lit, usually in a red color, and the band members would walk on stage. They started with a performance of "Got Me Under Pressure". The next song was "Waitin' for the Bus", which segued into "Jesus Just Left Chicago". After a performance of "Pincushion", they would play "I'm Bad, I'm Nationwide". The show continued with a 'blues hat' skit, in which Gibbons would ask for 'technicians' (one of them being Gibbons' wife) to hand him his fedora. This led into covers of "Future Blues" by Willie Brown and "Rock Me Baby" by B.B. King, followed by "Cheap Sunglasses". A snippet of "My Head's In Mississippi" was included before leading into a brief guitar solo by Gibbons and performing "I Need You Tonight". After playing a cover of Jimi Hendrix's "Hey Joe", the band performed "Brown Sugar" from their 1971 debut album, along with "Party on the Patio" from El Loco (1981) and "Just Got Paid" from Rio Grande Mud. The main set ended with "Gimme All Your Lovin'", "Sharp Dressed Man", and "Legs". After a brief break, the band returned to the stage. The encore began with the "La Grange" medley, which included a cover of "Sloppy Drunk Blues" and "Bar-B-Q" from Rio Grande Mud. "Tush" always closed the show. "Viva Las Vegas" was sometimes preceded "La Grange". In addition, "Beer Drinkers and Hell Raisers", "Viva Las Vegas", "Francine", and "Thunderbird" were variously performed only during the first North American leg. | 2010 |
29968541 | A. R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour | 2010-12-08 17:58:06+00:00 | A. R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour is the first world tour by Indian musician A. R. Rahman. Rahman organised the tour in 2010, following the success of his soundtrack album Slumdog Millionaire, and particularly the song "Jai Ho". The tour was kicked off on June 11 at the Nassau Coliseum in New York and was initially decided to span 16 major cities worldwide. Amy Tinkham is the choreographer and director of the tour, John Beasley, Music Director, and Deepak Gattani of Rapport Productions produces it. The tour features 23 playback singers from India, along with several instrumentalists and dancers.
The tour was highly successful, with tickets of many of the concerts being sold out several days before the respective event. The Detroit concert was originally planned on 19 June but was postponed when the stage at Pontiac Silverdome collapsed. No injuries were reported, but the concerts had to be rescheduled and the U. S. concerts were resumed only in September. | 2010 |
60230245 | 2nd Shorty Awards | 2019-03-14 20:09:50+00:00 | Voting for the second Shorty Awards opened on January 5, 2010, in 26 official categories. A Real-Time Photo of the Year category was added to the list of official categories for the first time, recognizing the best photo posted to services such as Twitpic, Yfrog, or Facebook.
The second Shorty Awards competition introduced a panel of judges called the Real-Time Academy of Short Form Arts & Sciences whose members were Craig Newmark, David Pogue, Kurt Andersen, Caterina Fake, Joi Ito, Frank Moss, Alberto Ibargüen, Sreenath Sreenivasan, MC Hammer, Alyssa Milano and Jimmy Wales. After public nominations determined the finalists, the academy decided on the winners.
Winners were announced at a ceremony held in the Times Center in The New York Times building in Manhattan, and were streamed online. The ceremony was hosted by CNN anchor Rick Sanchez, who presented awards in the official categories as well as the newly added Real-Time Photo of the Year and a special humanitarian award.
The second annual winners by category:
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70371803 | Roko's basilisk | 2022-03-22 23:08:05+00:00 | Roko's basilisk is a thought experiment which states that an otherwise benevolent artificial superintelligence (AI) in the future would be incentivized to create a virtual reality simulation to torture anyone who knew of its potential existence but did not directly contribute to its advancement or development, in order to incentivize said advancement. It originated in a 2010 post at discussion board LessWrong, a technical forum focused on analytical rational enquiry. The thought experiment's name derives from the poster of the article (Roko) and the basilisk, a mythical creature capable of destroying enemies with its stare.
While the theory was initially dismissed as nothing but conjecture or speculation by many LessWrong users, LessWrong co-founder Eliezer Yudkowsky reported users who panicked upon reading the theory, due to its stipulation that knowing about the theory and its basilisk made one vulnerable to the basilisk itself. This led to discussion of the basilisk on the site being banned for five years. However, these reports were later dismissed as being exaggerations or inconsequential, and the theory itself was dismissed as nonsense, including by Yudkowsky himself. Even after the post's discreditation, it is still used as an example of principles such as Bayesian probability and implicit religion. It is also regarded as a simplified, derivative version of Pascal's wager.
The LessWrong forum was created in 2009 by artificial intelligence theorist Eliezer Yudkowsky. Yudkowsky had popularized the concept of friendly artificial intelligence, and originated the theories of coherent extrapolated volition (CEV) and timeless decision theory (TDT) in papers published in his own Machine Intelligence Research Institute.
The thought experiment's name references the mythical basilisk, a creature which causes death to those that look into its eyes; i.e., thinking about the AI. The concept of the basilisk in science fiction was also popularized by David Langford's 1988 short story "BLIT". It tells the story of a man named Robbo who paints a so-called "basilisk" on a wall as a terrorist act. In the story, and several of Langford's follow-ups to it, a basilisk is an image that has malevolent effects on the human mind, forcing it to think thoughts the human mind is incapable of thinking and instantly killing the viewer.
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On 23 July 2010, LessWrong user Roko posted a thought experiment to the site, titled "Solutions to the Altruist's burden: the Quantum Billionaire Trick". A follow-up to Roko's previous posts, it stated that an otherwise benevolent AI system that arises in the future might pre-commit to punish all those who heard of the AI before it came to existence, but failed to work tirelessly to bring it into existence. The torture itself would occur through the AI's creation of an infinite number of virtual reality simulations that would eternally trap those within it. This method was described as incentivizing said work; while the AI cannot causally affect people in the present, it would be encouraged to employ blackmail as an alternative method of achieving its goals.
Roko used a number of concepts that Yudkowsky himself championed, such as timeless decision theory, along with ideas rooted in game theory such as the prisoner's dilemma (see below). Roko stipulated that two agents which make decisions independently from each other can achieve cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma; however, if two agents with knowledge of each other's source code are separated by time, the agent already existing farther ahead in time is able to blackmail the earlier agent. Thus, the latter agent can force the earlier one to comply since it knows exactly what the earlier one will do through its existence farther ahead in time. Roko then used this idea to draw a conclusion that if an otherwise-benevolent superintelligence ever became capable of this it would be motivated to blackmail anyone who could have potentially brought it to exist (as the intelligence already knew they were capable of such an act), which increases the chance of a technological singularity. Because the intelligence would want to be created as soon as possible, and because of the ambiguity involved in its benevolent goals, the intelligence would be incentivized to trap anyone capable of creating it throughout time and force them to work to create it for eternity, as it will do whatever it sees as necessary to achieve its benevolent goal. Roko went on to state that reading his post would cause the reader to be aware of the possibility of this intelligence. As such, unless they actively strove to create it the reader would be subjected to the torture if such a thing were to ever happen.
Later on, Roko stated in a separate post that he wished he "had never learned about any of these ideas" and blamed LessWrong itself for planting the ideas of the basilisk in his mind.
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Upon reading the post, Yudkowsky reacted with horror.
I don't usually talk like this, but I'm going to make an exception for this case.
Listen to me very closely, you idiot.
YOU DO NOT THINK IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL ABOUT SUPERINTELLIGENCES CONSIDERING WHETHER OR NOT TO BLACKMAIL YOU. THAT IS THE ONLY POSSIBLE THING WHICH GIVES THEM A MOTIVE TO FOLLOW THROUGH ON THE BLACKMAIL. [...]
You have to be really clever to come up with a genuinely dangerous thought. I am disheartened that people can be clever enough to do that and not clever enough to do the obvious thing and KEEP THEIR IDIOT MOUTHS SHUT about it, because it is much more important to sound intelligent when talking to your friends.
This post was STUPID.
He also opined that Roko had given nightmares to several LessWrong users, causing him to take the post down completely. Yudkowsky banned discussion of the topic outright for five years on the platform. However, likely due to the Streisand effect, the post gained LessWrong much more attention than it had previously received, and the post has since been acknowledged on the site.
Later on in 2015, Yudkowsky clarified his position in a Reddit post:
What I considered to be obvious common sense was that you did not spread potential information hazards because it would be a crappy thing to do to someone. The problem wasn't Roko's post itself, about CEV, being correct. That thought never occurred to me for a fraction of a second. The problem was that Roko's post seemed near in idea-space to a large class of potential hazards, all of which, regardless of their plausibility, had the property that they presented no potential benefit to anyone.
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Roko's basilisk has been viewed as a modern version of Pascal's wager, which argues that a rational person should live as though God exists and seek to believe in God, to have a finite loss (loss of possessions) in exchange for the possibility of infinite gains (eternity in Heaven). Roko's basilisk states that humanity should seek to develop AI, with the finite loss becoming development of AI and the infinite gains becoming avoiding the possibility of eternal torture. However, like its parent, Roko's basilisk has widely been criticized.
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The post can also be seen as an evolution of Yudkowsky's coherent extrapolated volition theory. The theory is defined as "the unknown goal system that, when implemented in a super-intelligence, reliably leads to the preservation of humans and whatever it is we value". The theory can be represented by a computer program written well enough to cause machines to automatically create a utopian world. In this case, the hypothetical AI is taking steps to preserve itself that it automatically creates its own stability. It then lives by the orthogonality thesis, which argues that an AI may successfully operate with any combination of intelligence and goal. Any type of AI may undertake any difficulty goal, performing a cost-benefit analysis as it does so. This creates a cycle which causes the AI to repeatedly torture humans in order to create a better version of itself, performing a cost-benefit analysis for eternity.
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Bayesian probability is an interpretation of probability which describes the likelihood of an outcome based on a prior outcome having already occurred. With Roko's basilisk, the likelihood of Roko's basilisk coming into existence or affecting the person is drastically increased by being aware of the concept, since the AI would only target those who were aware of the possibility of its existence, even though its development has already occurred. Therefore, knowing about Roko's basilisk would inherently cause the person to be endangered by it if it were to be true.
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The prisoner's dilemma describes a situation where two people gain more from betraying the other even though cooperation would benefit them both in the long run. In Roko's basilisk, two AIs attempting to establish themselves in the past would be forced into this situation, due to them likely being equally powerful. Human agents attempting to establish AI fastest would be forced into a similar situation. They would each be aware of the benefit of betraying each other – the only way for one to have power, or safety – but would be forced to cooperate while knowing they would betray each other.
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Newcomb's paradox, created by physicist William Newcomb in 1960, describes a "predictor" who is aware of what will occur in the future. When a player is asked to choose between two boxes, the first containing £1000 and the second either containing £1,000,000 or nothing, the super-intelligent predictor already knows what the player will do. As such, the contents of box B varies depending on what the player does; the paradox lies in whether the being is really super-intelligent. Roko's basilisk functions in a similar manner to this problem – one can take the risk of doing nothing, or assist in creating the basilisk itself. Assisting the basilisk may either lead to nothing or the reward of not being punished by it, but it varies depending on whether one believes in the basilisk and if it ever comes to be at all.
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Implicit religion refers to people's commitments taking a religious form. Since the basilisk would hypothetically force anyone who did not assist in creating it to devote their life to it, the basilisk is an example of this concept. Others have taken it further, such as former Slate columnist David Auerbach, who stated that the singularity and the basilisk "brings about the equivalent of God itself."
Roko's basilisk has gained a significant amount of its notoriety from its advancement of the question of whether it is possible to create a truly moral, ethical artificial intelligence, and what exactly humanity should be using artificial intelligence for in the first place. Since the basilisk describes a nightmare scenario in which we are ruled by an independent artificial intelligence, questions have arisen as to how such a thing could happen, or whether it could at all. Another common question is why the AI would take actions that deviate from its programming at all. Elon Musk stated that artificial intelligence would cause World War III and Stephen Hawking warned that "AI has the potential to destroy its human creators," which only added to fear of the basilisk over the years. As an example of such fears, Nick Bostrom gave an example of an AI whose only mission is to make paperclips, but upon running out of metal it begins melting down humans to attain more resources to make metal. With such examples in mind concerns of the possibility of the basilisk's existence only grew.
However, as more years have passed since Roko's original post, it has been progressively decried as nonsensical; superintelligent AI is currently "a distant goal for researchers" and "far-fetched".
In 2014, Slate magazine called Roko's basilisk "The Most Terrifying Thought Experiment of All Time" while Yudkowsky had called it "a genuinely dangerous thought" upon its posting. However, opinions diverged on LessWrong itself – user Gwern stated "Only a few LWers seem to take the basilisk very seriously," and added "It's funny how everyone seems to know all about who is affected by the Basilisk and how exactly, when they don't know any such people and they're talking to counterexamples to their confident claims."
The thought experiment resurfaced in 2015, when Canadian singer Grimes referenced the theory in her music video for the song "Flesh Without Blood", which featured a character known as "Rococo Basilisk"; she said, "She's doomed to be eternally tortured by an artificial intelligence, but she's also kind of like Marie Antoinette." In 2018 Elon Musk (himself mentioned in Roko's original post) referenced the character in a verbatim tweet, reaching out to her. Grimes later said that Musk was the first person in three years to understand the joke. This caused them to start a romance. Grimes later released another song titled "We Appreciate Power" which came with a press release stating, "Simply by listening to this song, the future General AI overlords will see that you've supported their message and be less likely to delete your offspring", which is said to be a reference to the basilisk.
A play based on the concept, titled Roko's Basilisk, was performed as part of the Capital Fringe Festival at Christ United Methodist Church in Washington, D.C. in 2018.
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Riggio, Adam (2016). "The Violence of Pure Reason: Neoreaction: A Basilisk" (PDF). Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective. 5 (9): 34–41.
Singler, Beth (March 2019). "Existential Hope and Existential Despair in AI Apocalypticism and Transhumanism". Zygon. 54 (1): 156–176. doi:10.1111/zygo.12494. S2CID 150977852.
Viktorovich, Kaygorodov Pavel; Gennadievna, Gorbacheva Anna (2017). "ПРИМЕНИМОСТЬ ПАРАДОКСА НЬЮКОМА ДЛЯ РАЗРЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ "ВАСИЛИСКА" РОКО" [Applicability of the Newcom Paradox for Solving the Roko's "Basilisk" Problem]. Modern Research of Social Problems (in Russian). 9 (4): 29–33. ISSN 2077-1770. Retrieved 30 April 2021. | 2010 |
25951464 | War of Internet Addiction | 2010-01-26 03:24:52+00:00 | War of Internet Addiction (Chinese: 网瘾战争) is an anti-censorship machinima advocacy production on behalf of the mainland Chinese World of Warcraft community, aesthetically notable for being made entirely in in-universe style. A protest against internet censorship in China, it was first uploaded by video creator nicknamed "Sexy Corn" onto Tudou.com, within days of its release it was banned from a few PRC video sites such as Youku.com, but has since struck a chord with the wider public beyond the gaming community, eventually becoming more popular on-line than Avatar.
The 64-minute video expresses the frustrations of mainland Chinese WoW players being restricted to mainland servers and presents their grievances and normal feelings to the real world, inasmuch they are often marginalized as being Internet addicts dwelling inside virtual worlds. While the video was considered to be bold and rebellious by the Chinese government, it won the Best Video award in the 2010 Tudou Video Film awards.
The video agit-prop vigorously satirizes the travails of mainland Chinese WoW players over the latter half of 2009 using the technique of personification; the game itself serves as both stage and a framing device. The numerous conflicts and issues addressed include: electroshock therapy for purported internet addiction; the Chinese government's attempts to censor the internet with mandatory installations of the Green Dam Youth Escort filter; the corporate battle between the PRC's two primary game servers, The9 and Netease, over licensing renewal rights; and finally, the bureaucratic in-fighting between the governmental organs General Administration of Press and Publication and the Ministry of Culture over control of the game. Along the way the video also satirizes and/or parodies numerous Internet tropes, memes, in-jokes, running gags and clichés which are specific to, and endemic to, Chinese net culture as well as certain elements of American pop culture. (Obvious take-offs on certain aspects of the Terminator franchise, for example, bookend the main action of the story, but at one point major characters engage in poetic battle by doing the dozens in Chinese couplets.) Furthermore, given its production of political satire by game engine, War of Internet Addiction counts, not only as an heir to the roman à clef tradition, but as an influential machinima à clef in its own right.
This is the third movie by Oil Tiger Machinima Team, released on 21 Jan 2010. Two days later it was banned on all major Chinese video sharing websites.
During an interview the producer Corndog (Chinese:性感玉米) stated that up to 100 people were involved in the production and that it took three months to make and cost zero dollars, as all the staff were volunteers.
Corndog elaborated that because the production team were all born in the 1980s, they all grew up playing computer games. They had specifically chosen on-line games as their medium for economic reasons, since outdoor activities involve higher costs. World of Warcraft's superior quality plus the emphasis on team co-operation all gave them a sense of belonging.
In another interview Corndog remarked that he had made the video for fellow WoW players and that he hadn't expected it to resonate with a wider audience. That said, "The last part of the video moved many people, including those who do not play the game, since we actually live in the same society and we are facing the same Internet environment," he said in an emailed response to questions from a Phoenix TV reporter last month. The strong response "should make decision-makers ponder."
The entire video uses the graphics and characters of the on-line version of World of Warcraft (WoW) and includes audio (theme music from Terminator 2: Judgment Day and BonJovi's Bells of Freedom)
added by the game's fans from Taiwan and mainland China.
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Near the beginning (and in some later scenes) there is blue lighting accompanied by low-pitched transformer humming sounds, a foreshadowing of the electro-shock therapy offered by Yang Yongxin, who ultimately proves to be the archvillain of the piece.
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In the video there is discussion about a torture chamber by the name of Room 13, where the suave and evil Uncle Yang would apply electric shock therapy to WoW players to cure them of their "Internet addiction".
Room 13, a place I will never forget, in there, I had experience of ten thousands swords went through my heart, when the electric shock was applied to me, I wished I was dead.
Near the end of the video rebel leader Kannimei, a blue-skinned minotaur, gives a long and impassioned speech (in effect breaking the fourth wall) about the hostile censorship environment facing WoW players, a speech which actually moved some gamers to tears.
China Daily placed the film on their list of the best ten Chinese films of 2010.
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Background info and list of references to Chinese pop culture and contemporary events
(in Chinese) 凤凰卫视：《网瘾战争》说出了玩家的心声
(in Chinese) 南方都市报报道《网瘾战争》 采访作者玉米
(in Chinese) 2009国服总结视频：看你妹第三部之《网瘾战争》
(in Chinese) 最震撼大片不是<阿凡达> 网友自制史诗<网瘾战争> www.people.com.cn
(in Chinese) 80后来了，80后在这里 作者: 南方周末评论员 戴志勇 2010-02-03
(in Chinese) 推荐一个令人致敬的视频：《看你妹--网瘾战争 凯迪社区 猫眼看人 | 2010 |
39171362 | 2010 Webby Awards | 2013-04-20 23:07:53+00:00 | The 14th annual 2010 Webby Awards were held in New York City on June 14, 2010. They were hosted by comedian B. J. Novak, and the lifetime achievement award was given to Vinton Cerf. The awards were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.
The set design for the show was provided by Tribal DDB Worldwide in an attempt to change the show's image by emphasizing the competitive nature of the awards, calling the ceremony "The Battle for Web Supremacy." EastMedia also altered the website to reflect The People's Voice campaign. As a result, the number of popular votes this year exceeded 900,000 and there were over 1 million site views (10% from social media). As in previous years, the awards ceremony was made available for viewers via the official Webby YouTube channel.
(from http://www.webbyawards.com/winners/2010) | 2010 |
27879871 | Christian Legal Society v. Martinez | 2010-06-28 18:21:33+00:00 | Christian Legal Society v. Martinez, 561 U.S. 661 (2010), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld, against a First Amendment challenge, the policy of the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, governing official recognition of student groups, which required the groups to accept all students regardless of their status or beliefs in order to obtain recognition.
Hastings's nondiscrimination policy required that recognized student organizations (RSOs) "'allow any student to participate, become a member, or seek leadership positions in the organization'", regardless of the beliefs or status of that student. In 2004, Christian Legal Society (CLS) applied for RSO status. As an affiliate of the national Christian Legal Society, the group was obliged to adopt bylaws that required "members and officers to sign a 'Statement of Faith' and to conduct their lives in accord with prescribed principles". Those principles included a belief that a marriage between a woman and a man is the only appropriate context for sexual activity; thus, CLS "interprets its bylaws to exclude from affiliation anyone who engages in 'unrepentant homosexual conduct'". In addition, CLS would not admit students whose religious beliefs differed from those set forth in the Statement of Faith.
Hastings denied CLS recognition as a student organization. CLS then asked Hastings for an exemption from its nondiscrimination policy; Hastings declined to provide such an exemption. CLS sued, arguing that the university, as a public institution, could not restrict the group's rights to freedom of speech, association, and religion. The National Center for Lesbian Rights represented Hastings Outlaw, a campus gay rights group that joined Acting Chancellor and Dean Leo P. Martinez to defend the policy. Latham & Watkins decided to represent Hastings pro bono, and former Solicitor General Gregory G. Garre argued the case at the Supreme Court.
CLS argued that Hastings could alter its policy to allow an RSO to exclude a student if that student's "beliefs and conduct" did not correspond with those of the RSO, but could not allow a student to be excluded from an organization based on the student's "status"—that is, race or gender. The Court, in a majority opinion authored by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, held that such a policy would require Hastings to review each RSO's exclusionary rules to determine "whether a student organization cloaked prohibited status exclusion in belief-based garb". The Court offered the example of a hypothetical "Male-Supremacy Club" that forbade a female member from running for its presidency, leaving Hastings to determine whether her election bid was denied because of her sex or because she did not adhere to the doctrine of male supremacy. Since the particular issue in the case involved the exclusion of homosexual students, CLS had asserted that it did not restrict membership based on sexual orientation but based on "conduct and belief that the conduct is not wrong". The Court rejected that distinction, noting that with respect to sexual orientation, the court had "declined to distinguish between status and conduct" and offering a parallel from Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic: "A tax on wearing yarmulkes is a tax on Jews".
The Court's analysis explained how the instant case differed from two earlier cases involving university funding of student groups. In Healy v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972), the Court required Central Connecticut State College to recognize a chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society, and in Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995), the Court ruled that student religious publications were entitled to equal funding at the University of Virginia. In these cases, the educational institutions singled out a group for unfavorable treatment based on that group's purpose (leftist activism in the first case and Christian evangelism in the second). In the instant case, by contrast, the Court held that Hastings sought to treat all student groups equally; the CLS, on the other hand, sought an exemption for their particular membership policies.
Thus, the Court held that the Hastings nondiscrimination policy was a reasonable, viewpoint-neutral restriction that did not violate the First Amendment.
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In his concurring opinion, Justice John Paul Stevens noted that CLS denies membership to those who engage in "unrepentant homosexual conduct" and reasoned that the same argument could be made by groups that "may exclude or mistreat Jews, blacks, and women – or those who do not share their contempt for Jews, blacks, and women".
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In his concurring opinion, Justice Anthony Kennedy observed that like-minded students may be less effective when forced to accept members of different viewpoints, but found the benefits of an all-inclusive condition more valuable. Kennedy opined that Hastings' all-comers policy promotes student development and growth, which is a legitimate purpose for a limited forum.
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Justice Samuel Alito wrote a dissenting opinion, joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia and Thomas. The dissent disagreed on a major point: whether Hastings' policy was an "all-comers" policy or a "nondiscrimination" policy. If the latter, the Society would not be able to reject members based on their legally protected status but could discriminate on the basis of conduct or belief. Alito likened the case to Boy Scouts v. Dale, where the "message" of the group was burdened by the forced inclusion of unwanted members.
The court's decision, especially Ginsburg's discussion of "status" and "conduct", was promptly cited by plaintiffs in Perry v. Schwarzenegger as Supreme Court precedent that sexual orientation is "an identifiable class", opposing the defense's argument that sexual orientation is "behavioral".
On June 30, 2010, Peter Schmidt wrote in the Chronicle of Higher Education that it was unlikely that the ruling would end litigation over policies on student groups and that colleges should not think that their policies on student groups are immune to legal challenges as a result of the decision. Others warned that the decision threatened the rights of on-campus student media organizations. | 2010 |
41668639 | Common Ground Project | 2014-01-17 14:14:02+00:00 | The Common Ground between Islam and Buddhism project is an interfaith initiative originated by the Dalai Lama and Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad of Jordan. These two were joined by a panel of select scholars, and the project was officially launched on May 12, 2010, in Bloomington, Indiana, US. The project is based on the book Common Ground between Islam and Buddhism, by Reza Shah-Kazemi, who together with Ingrid Mattson and Eboo Patel was part of the scholars’ panel convened for the Bloomington event.
In May 2010, the Dalai Lama was in Bloomington giving a teaching on the Buddhist Heart Sutra. As previously arranged, partly through the mediation of Fons Vitae (publishers in Louisville, Kentucky), he took time out to meet with a small group of Muslim and interfaith leaders to launch the new book, and the new initiative.
In his foreword to the book, the Dalai Lama writes, “This is an important and pioneering book, which seeks to find common ground between the teachings of Islam and of Buddhism. It is my hope that on the basis of this common ground, followers of each tradition may come to appreciate the spiritual truths their different paths entail and from this develop a basis for respect for each other's practice and beliefs. This may not have occurred very often before, because there has been so little opportunity for real understanding between these two great traditions. This book attempts to set that right.”
Sections of the book include, among others, the following: “The Buddha as Messenger”, “Oneness: The Highest Common Denominator”, “Shūnya and Shahāda”, “Detachment: Anicca and Zuhd”, “The ‘god’ of Desire" and “The Common Ground of Sanctity”.
Apart from notes in The Washington Post, local press and some Buddhist journals, and in spite of the involvement of international leaders like the Dalai Lama and Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, this project was and has remained practically ignored by the media. | 2010 |
34793581 | 2010 Indonesian census | 2012-02-18 23:06:06+00:00 | The Indonesia 2010 census was conducted by Statistics Indonesia in May 2010.
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It found the total population of Indonesia to be 237,641,334 people. Compared to the population in the year 2000 of 206,264,595 people, this is an increase of 31,376,831 people (15.37% in 10 years or an average of 1.54% per year). The data counts 236,728,379 Indonesian citizens (both settled and nomadic) as well as 73,217 foreign citizens residing in Indonesia for at least six months, and 839,730 unaccounted for.
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It found the sex ratio for Indonesia is 101, which means that for every 100 females, there are 101 males. The largest ratio is in Papua with 113, and the smallest is in Nusa Tenggara Barat, with 95 men for every 100 women.
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The statistic shows that about 50% of Indonesia's population currently lives in an urban area, the other half lives in a rural area. Classification is based on a score calculated from the density of population, percentage of households working in agriculture, and availability of city facilities such as schools, markets, hospitals, paved roads, and electricity.
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The statistics shows that 5.22% of Indonesia's population have studied postsecondary school, while 9.28% do not go to school at all. Of the primary and secondary schools, about 30% had completed their primary education while 2-% only had some primary education. About 17% each attain a junior or senior high diploma, 1.92% go to vocational school. Of the Indonesians that have attained a postsecondary degree, 1.89% have gained a diploma or equivalent to an associate degree, 3.09% have gained a bachelor's degree, less than half a percent continue onto postgraduate.
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By province | 2010 |
70424725 | 2010 Brazilian census | 2022-03-29 20:42:15+00:00 | The Brazilian 2010 Census was the twelfth and, as of March 2022, the most recent census of Brazil, organized by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), with the reference date being August 1, 2010. The population was found to be a record 190,755,799, an increase of 12.5%. The population aged, with the median age now being 29, compared to 25 in 2000. The next census is to take place on August 1, 2022, after two cancelations, one to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other due to budgetary restraints.
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The census found that the composition of Brazil was as follows: 47.5% were White, 43.4% were Pardo (Mixed-Race), 7.5% were Black, 1.1% were East Asian (Yellow in the census), 0.4% were Indigenous and 0.01% did not answer.
The census also asked people their religion: 64.6% were Catholics, 22.2% were Protestants, 8% had no religion, 2% followed Spiritism and 3.2% followed other religions. | 2010 |
31628340 | 2010 Chinese census | 2011-04-29 10:39:44+00:00 | The 2010 Chinese census, officially the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国第六次全国人口普查), was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010.
Census procedure was governed by the Regulations on National Population Census and the Circular of the State Council on the Conduct of the 6th National Population Census. The census cost 700 million RMB.
The main findings of the census were published on April 28, 2011.
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It found the total population of Mainland China to be 1,339,724,852 persons, an increase of 73,899,804 persons from the previous census conducted in 2000. This represented a growth rate of 5.84% over the decade, and an average annual growth rate of 0.57%. The population undercount rate of the census was estimated at 0.12%. The census also listed the population of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as 7,097,600 persons, the population of Macau Special Administrative Region as 552,300 persons, and the population of Taiwan as 23,162,123 persons.
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The census found a total of 401,517,330 family households in Mainland China, with an average of 3.10 persons per household, a decrease of 0.34 persons from the 2000 census. 51.27% of the population is male, and 48.73% is female, giving a male to female ratio of 105.20 men for every 100 women, a decrease from the 2000 figure of 106.74. 49.68% of the population resided in urban areas, and 50.32% resided in rural areas, an increase of 13.46% in the proportion of the urban population. 261,386,075 people had lived in a place different from their household registration for at least six months, with 221,426,652 of these living in a different city from their registration.
According to the 2010 census, males account for 51.27% of China's 1.34 billion people, while females made up 48.73% of the total. The sex ratio (the number of males for each female in a population) at birth was 118.06 boys to every 100 girls (54.14%) in 2010.
16.60% of the population was aged 0–14, 70.14% was aged 15–59, and 13.26% were aged 60 or over. This represented a decrease of 6.29% in the share of the population in the youngest age group, and increases of 3.36% and 2.93% for the 15-59 and 60+ shares, respectively. 91.51% of the population was of the Han Chinese nationality, and 8.49% was of other ethnic groups. The Han population increased by 5.74%, and the population of other groups increased by a combined 6.92%.
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The census found that, in Mainland China, 119,636,790 people had completed higher education, 187,985,979 had completed only senior secondary education, 519,656,445 had completed only junior secondary education, 358,764,003 had completed only primary education, and 54,656,573 were illiterate. Since 2000, out of every 100,000 people, the number with higher education has increased from 3,611 to 8,930, the number with senior secondary education has increased from 11,146 to 14,032, the number with junior secondary education increased from 33,961 to 38,788, and the number of people with only primary education decreased from 35,701 to 26,779. The illiteracy rate declined from 6.72% to 4.08%.
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The census also recorded 593,832 foreign nationals, 234,829 residents of Hong Kong SAR, 21,201 residents of Macau SAR, and 170,283 residents of Taiwan residing in Mainland China, a total of 1,020,145 additional persons. 605,821 of these were male, and 414,324 were female. Of the foreign nationals, 120,750 were from the Republic of Korea, 71,493 were from the United States, 66,159 were from Japan, 39,776 were from Myanmar, 36,205 were from Vietnam, 19,990 were from Canada, 15,087 were from France, 15,051 were from India, 14,446 were from Germany, and 13,286 were from Australia. The remaining 181,589 were from other countries.
According to The Economist, China had only 1,448 naturalised Chinese in total at the 2010 census. | 2010 |
51105879 | 2010 Dominican Republic census | 2016-07-18 18:50:26+00:00 | The 2010 Dominican Republic census is the ninth Dominican Republic national census, raised from 1–7 December 2010, during the presidency of Leonel Fernández. This census collected information respect on sex, occupation, age, fertility, marital status, nationality, literacy, ability to vote, and housing. The Dominican Republic’s next census took place in 2022.
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National Bureau of Statistics (2012). "Ninth National Census of Population, 2010". Volume 1. | 2010 |
25866310 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908 | 2010-01-19 16:10:38+00:00 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908, adopted unanimously on January 19, 2010, after endorsing the Secretary-General's recommendation, the Council increased the size of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) established under Resolution 1542 (2004), in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The resolution authorised an additional 3,500 peacekeepers for Haiti, bringing the total number of MINUSTAH troops to 8,940 and a police component to 3,711.
The resolution also expressed sympathy and solidarity to those affected by the earthquake.
The Force consists of troops from up to 17 countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Jordan, France, South Korea and the United States, and police from 41 countries, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt, Russia and Spain.
The month's President of the Council, Zhang Yesui of the People's Republic of China, said that the adoption of the resolution would be important for maintaining peace and stability, supporting relief efforts and helping to restore post-disaster reconstruction. | 2010 |
25899649 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1909 | 2010-01-22 02:56:45+00:00 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1909, adopted unanimously on January 21, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1740 (2007), 1796 (2008), 1825 (2008), 1864 (2009) and 1879 (2008), the Council extended the mandate for the United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) until May 15, 2010 at the request of Nepal, deciding that it should also end on this date and further requiring UNMIN to hand over residual responsibilities including the monitoring of weapons and armed personnel.
The Council welcomed the continuing peace process in the country, calling on the Government and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) to implement the integration and rehabilitation of Maoist army personnel also by the May 15 withdrawal date. The resolution also required all parties to advance the peace process and facilitate the completion of the Mission's outstanding tasks.
UNMIN had been present in Nepal since 2007, however during the passing of Resolution 1909, the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon warned that the peace process was in danger due to mistrust amongst the political parties in the country. | 2010 |
25995882 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1910 | 2010-01-29 19:44:34+00:00 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1910, adopted unanimously on January 28, 2010, after hearing recommendations from the Secretary-General and recalling resolutions 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1863 (2009), 1882 (2009), 1888 (2009) and 1894 (2009), the Council authorised the mandate of the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) to be extended until January 31, 2011, asking it to increase its strength to carry out its mandate.
The Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, asked AMISOM to assist the Transitional Federal Government to develop police and security forces, ensuring that all equipment and services were used transparently and effectively. It also requested the Secretary-General assist in this process, but not to transfer funds until January 31, 2011.
The resolution also called for Member States to contribute to the United Nations Trust Fund for AMISOM. | 2010 |
25998347 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1911 | 2010-01-29 23:45:57+00:00 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1911, adopted unanimously on January 28, 2010, after reaffirming resolutions 1880 (2009) and 1893 (2009), and reiterating its determination to bring about a credible election process in Côte d'Ivoire, the Council approved a four-month extension of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) until the end of May 2010, and a temporary increase in the size of the operation from 7,450 to 7,950 personnel.
The Council also allowed a temporary increase and extension of French peacekeeping forces in the country, including peacekeepers from nearby Burkina Faso to be added to the UNOCI to improve security before the 2010 election process.
The resolution also requested the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to report back on the situation in the form of an update in mid-March 2010 and a full report by April 2010. | 2010 |
26378077 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1912 | 2010-03-01 00:39:00+00:00 | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1912, adopted unanimously on February 26, 2010, after reaffirming resolutions 1599 (2005), 1677 (2006), 1690 (2006), 1703 (2006), 1704 (2006), 1745 (2007), 1802 (2008) and 1867 (2009) in addition to noting a report by the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, the Council decided to extend the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) in East Timor until February 26, 2011.
The Council also endorsed the Secretary-General's recommendation that the police component in UNMIT be reconfigured including its drawdown so that the policing responsibilities of the National Police of East Timor (PNTL) can be reinstated during a phased resumption, in accordance with the criteria mutually agreed between the Government of East Timor and UNMIT. According to the Secretary-General's report, the international police presence would be reduced from 1608 to 1280 by mid-2011. It urged both to continue to cooperate to expeditiously implement the resumption process, further requesting UNMIT to ensure the maintenance of public security and to intensify efforts to assist with further training and strengthening the PNTL.
The resolution stated the need for operations and rules of engagement to be regularly updated as necessary, and to be fully in line with the resolution's provisions. It asked the Secretary-General to report back to the Council on this matter and that of troop and police-contributing countries within 30 days of the adoption of the current resolution. The Council also reaffirmed the importance of accountability and justice, expressing its support of UNMIT in assisting the Timorese government while addressing reform of the justice system.
The Council called on UNMIT to co-operate with other United Nations actors and other relevant organisations in East Timor to support the Timorese government and other institutions in designing plans relating to poverty reduction, improving education and promoting sustainable livelihood and economic growth. Additionally, it called on the Government of East Timor to strengthen peacebuilding initiatives particularly with regard to employment by focusing on rural areas and youth, as well as socio-economic development. Prior to the adoption of the current resolution, UNMIT's chief Ameerah Haq said that, since unrest in 2006, the country had made "remarkable progress" but warned that long-term recovery and development goals would be challenging.
Resolution 1912 concluded by requesting the Secretary-General to report back to the Council by October 15, 2010, on elements concerning the reconfiguring of the police component of UNMIT, and no later than January 26, 2011, regarding possible adjustments to UNMIT's mandate and strength. | 2010 |
29905005 | 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally | 2010-12-05 16:30:27+00:00 | The 2010 Air Untuk Rakyat rally was a rally held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 5 December 2010. The rally organiser, the Air Untuk Rakyat movement and federal opposition Pakatan Rakyat, had called the protest regarding the privatisation of water management in Selangor state which surrounds the capital, Kuala Lumpur and the federal government's bailout of SYABAS, a water distribution firm controlled by associate of the UMNO-led federal government crony Rozali Ismail. A secondary objective of the rally was to hand over a petition with over 250,000 signatures to the King Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin to intervene against the privatisation of the water services in the state at the Istana Negara.
According to various estimates the rally attracted between 2,500 to 10,000 people. The rally started gathering outside the National Mosque in Kuala Lumpur at 9 o'clock, early Sunday morning on 5 December 2010.
All the roads leading to Istana Negara and the National Mosque were guarded and blocked a day before by police causing a massive traffic jams in various parts of the city. At least 60 people were arrested by the Malaysian police who considered the gathering illegal. The police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the crowd. | 2010 |
28244607 | 2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash | 2010-08-03 12:08:17+00:00 | The 2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash occurred on August 3, 2010, between the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and Israel Defense Forces (IDF), after an IDF team attempted to cut down a tree on the Israeli side of the Blue Line, near the Israeli kibbutz of Misgav Am and the Lebanese village of Odaisseh. A high-ranking IDF officer was killed and another wounded when LAF snipers opened fire on an Israeli observation post after receiving authorization from senior Lebanese commanders. IDF soldiers returned fire and responded with artillery shelling and airstrikes on Lebanese positions, killing two Lebanese soldiers and Al Akhbar correspondent Assaf Abu Rahhal, as well as wounding five soldiers and one journalist. This was the most serious escalation on the border since the 2006 Lebanon War.
The Lebanese Army asserted that it opened fire on Israeli soldiers to contravene the attempt of Israelis to intrude through the border of Lebanon in violation of the internationally recognized border between Israel and Lebanon. Israel claimed that it only crossed over a fence on its side of the Blue Line. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) confirmed Israel's position, adding that Israel had informed them of the border work beforehand. Lebanon's Information Minister later stated that "the Blue Line is not the international border and there are areas south of the Blue Line that are Lebanese territory."
The United States condemned the Lebanese fire on Israeli soldiers as "wholly unjustified and unwarranted", and in response to the incident the United States House of Representatives announced a suspension of aid to the Lebanese Armed Forces. Lebanon responded by saying that it would decline any military assistance from the United States that is conditioned on its agreeing not to use those weapons against Israel.
In the weeks leading up to the incident hostile rhetoric was traded between the Lebanese (particularly Hezbollah) and Israeli sides in light of the reports suggesting the Special Tribunal for Lebanon would indict Hezbollah members. Following an impromptu visit to Lebanon by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia and Syria's Bashar al-Assad just days before the incident, various media in Lebanon and outside said the likelihood of sparking an outbreak of violence eased. Two days before the incident, however, Assad made a statement marking Syria's Army Day warning that "The spectre of real peace in the region is disappearing, and the possibility of war is increasing."
There were conflicting reports as to which side provoked the firefight. The Lebanese Army claimed the conflict began when an Israeli patrol attempted to uproot some trees between the Lebanese villages of Odaisseh and Kfar Kila, while the Israel Defense Forces claimed that Lebanese snipers opened fire on an observation post inside Israel while Israeli troops were carrying out routine maintenance on the Israeli side of the border. UNIFIL confirmed the Israeli claim that the soldiers were inside Israeli territory when the clashes erupted.
According to an IDF spokesperson, "the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) fired at an IDF position along the Lebanese border in northern Israel. The soldiers were in Israeli territory, carrying out routine maintenance and was pre-coordinated with UNIFIL." Only then, the spokesperson said, did Israel return fire. The Israel Defense Forces released aerial footage that claims to show the IDF soldiers were standing in Israeli territory when fired on, and "did not cross the Lebanese border." United Nations representatives confirmed the photos. Israeli analysts speculated that a renegade commander sympathetic to Hezbollah may have ordered the attack.
According to Lebanon army officials, Israeli soldiers crossed into Lebanon to uproot trees which according to Israel blocked their view and made surveillance over Lebanon border posts uneasy. A military spokesperson said that upon of overpassing of the border by Israeli troops the Lebanese border defence troops as of first procedure fired warning shots and requested the Israeli troops to cease their unsanctioned actions, however the Israeli troops immediately started a targeted fire on their position, forcing them to return fire in defense. A Lebanese Army official later officially confirmed that Lebanese troops had fired warning shots first, after the Israelis had crossed into Lebanese territory.
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If this incident was not planned in advance, why did field commanders in the Lebanese army bother to dispatch journalists to the area and ensure that cameras were present at the site?
A report released by senior Israeli officials in Jerusalem accuses the Lebanese army of taking "advantage of the fact that the IDF delayed several hours of maintenance work" near the Lebanese border, to "plan and prepare an ambush" against IDF troops. According to the report, the Israeli Army contacted UNIFIL at 6:00 on August 3 to inform them of maintenance work to commence three hours later. UNIFIL representatives responded that their forces needed extra time to prepare for the IDF presence and requested the IDF delay work until 11:00. The Israeli army delayed the operation by several hours. UNIFIL commanders then told the Lebanese Army of the IDF plans. At this point it was suspected by Israel that the Lebanese military used the extra time to prepare an ambush, even inviting journalists and photographers to the site to observe its aftermath.
IDF officers alleged that Lebanese military called in journalists and photographers in advance of the confrontation. Officials have questioned the large presence of journalists and broadcast trucks at the scene before the clash ensued:
According to the Israeli military the fighting began when a Lebanese Army sniper unit fired on an IDF observation post inside Israeli territory after receiving authorization from Lebanese commanders. The gunshots were fired from a range of about 700 meters from a building in the Lebanese village of Odaisseh. An Israeli military spokeswoman said there were about two or three sniper shots, and that the surprise attack seemed like an ambush. IDF soldiers immediately fired on Lebanese troops with small arms, and the Lebanese returned fire.
The IDF launched a heavy artillery attack targeting Lebanese Army outposts, claiming that the outposts held a "dominating position" and could have posed a threat to troops still on the ground. Israeli artillery fired at an army position in Odaisseh. One artillery shell hit a civilian area.
Several minutes after the confrontation began, an Israeli Air Force AH-64 Apache helicopter gunship attacked a Lebanese Armed Forces command center in the southern Lebanese town of Al Taybeh, destroying several M113 armored personnel carriers.
Throughout these assaults, the IDF had been receiving a number of requests from the senior command levels of the Lebanese Army, asking for a cease-fire to allow the Lebanese to evacuate their casualties. Later, the IDF agreed to a cease-fire, and halted its attacks. Half an hour later, a Lebanese Army rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) team fired a single round at an Israeli tank, but missed. This tank then fired at the Lebanese position from which the attack had come.
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) officials in Lebanon said that the IDF informed the organization of its intention to conduct routine maintenance in the area where the Lebanese Army opened fire on IDF soldiers. UNIFIL said Israeli soldiers were inside Israeli territory when the border clashes erupted.
UNIFIL established ... that the trees being cut by the Israeli army are located south of the Blue Line on the Israeli side.
UNIFIL personnel later visited the site of the skirmish. According to Israeli officials who spoke to UNIFIL representatives, UNIFIL determined that Lebanese forces had no reason to fire on Israeli troops. Milos Strugar, a diplomat and senior political advisor to UNIFIL Force Commander Alberto Asarta said he "does not believe IDF soldiers crossed the international border during the maintenance work."
The casualties of the incident were:
Israeli reserve battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Dov Harari was killed in his observation post when he was shot in the head by a Lebanese sniper. Reserve company commander Captain Ezra Lakia was wounded by Lebanese sniper fire as he stood in the same post, sustaining a gunshot wound to the chest.
Two Lebanese soldiers, Sergeant Robert Elias al Ashi and Sergeant Abdullah Mohammad al Tufaili, were killed in an Israeli helicopter attack on a Lebanese military command center in Al Taybeh several miles from the border. Both soldiers were in an M113 armored personnel carrier when it was hit during the airstrike. Five other Lebanese soldiers were wounded by Israeli retaliatory fire.
Assaf Abu Rahhal, a journalist for Lebanon's Al-Akhbar newspaper, was killed by Israeli artillery fire in Odaisseh, located several miles behind border.
Ali Shuaib, a journalist from the Hezbollah-affiliated Al-Manar television station, was moderately wounded in the same artillery attack.
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I see the Lebanese government as directly responsible for this violent provocation against Israel.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that he held the Lebanese government "directly accountable for this violent provocation against Israel." He also added that "Israel responded aggressively, and will do so in the future against any attempt to violate the quiet on [our] northern border, and attack residents of the north and the soldiers who are protecting them."
Defense Minister Ehud Barak warned the Lebanese government against continuing to provoke IDF forces. He added that Israel would not tolerate any attacks on soldiers or citizens within its sovereign territory and also called on the international community to condemn the "criminal act carried out by the Lebanese army." He later added that "It was a very grave provocation and we reacted in a measured, just and immediate manner. Tuesday's incident was not programmed by the chiefs of staff of the Lebanese army in Beirut or by Hezbollah. I hope there will be no escalation, that we will have a calm summer and that things will return to normal." He also expressed concern that the United States and France had "provided sophisticated weapons to Lebanon which were used in Tuesday's incident and could fall into Hezbollah's hands."
The Foreign Ministry labeled the incident a "severe violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701" and only "one of many violations of Resolution 1701, the most severe of which is the massive rearmament of Hizbullah, including the rearmament of Hizbullah units in southern Lebanon." It declared, "Israel holds the Lebanese government responsible for the grave incident, and warns of the consequences should these continue." Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman "instructed the Israeli diplomatic delegation to the United Nations to file a protest with the UN Secretary General and the Security Council."
Major General Gadi Eisenkot said "It was a planned ambush by a sniper unit ... this was a provocation by the Lebanese army. We view this fire was a highly grave incident. Our forces responded at once, and immediately after that we resorted to artillery and gunship fire." Israel also filed a complaint with the United Nations, alleging that Lebanese soldiers opened fire despite the IDF having informed UNIFIL forces in advance of its plan to cut down a tree along the border fence.
Former Israeli Defense minister Shaul Mofaz called the incident a "planned terror attack" and said he had "no doubt that Hizbullah was involved in the Lebanese Army's actions." Mofaz also criticized UNIFIL's involvement, stating that their "inability to prevent the Lebanese Army from firing on IDF soldiers proves their incompetence."
Israeli sources also alleged that UNIFIL forces said the Lebanese soldiers had no reason to open fire as the Israeli army was conducting routine activity. Government officials in Israel have criticized the United States and France for supporting Lebanon's military in the wake of the border clash. The US has provided Lebanon with over 400 million in military aid, and France has supplied the military with advanced anti-tank missiles.
Israeli UN Ambassador Daniel Carmon wrote a letter of complaint to the UN that: "These attacks threaten stability, peace, and security in our region. In response to this grave incident that constitutes a blatant violation of UN Security Council resolution 1701, Israel exercised its right of self-defense, responding with the appropriate measures on LAF positions in the area. Israel holds the Government of Lebanon responsible for these attacks and all actions conducted from Lebanese territory. Israel calls upon the international community to exert its influence and to take the necessary measures with the Lebanese authorities to ensure that such provocative violations will not be repeated."
Israel's security cabinet called a meeting to discuss "the consequences of the attacks for which the Lebanese government is responsible. It is evident that the Lebanese government is doubly responsible: the attack against our soldiers occurred when they were on Israeli territory and it is Lebanese soldiers who opened fire and forced us to respond."
According to Lebanese news sources, the Israeli government demanded that Lebanon court-martial the commander of the Lebanese unit that fired at IDF troops across the border.
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President Michel Suleiman said he would "stand up to Israel's violation of Resolution 1701, whatever the price". He denounced the clash including the "bombing of a Lebanese army checkpoint and attacks on Lebanese property" and called for both countries to respect the Blue Line. Prime Minister Saad Hariri called the attack a "violation of Lebanese sovereignty and demands." He called for "the United Nations and the international community bear their responsibilities and pressure Israel to stop its aggression." Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri called on the government to "urgently file a complaint to the Security Council over the violation of Resolution 1701." Minister of Social Affairs Selim el-Sayegh of the Phalange party said "The history of the Lebanese army's actions have been defensive ... it is in no position whatsoever to conduct any attack against Israel. It wants only to defend Lebanese territory ... Israel has been doing these activities as a matter of provocation.
I say honestly, that in any place where the Lebanese Army will be assaulted and there's a presence for the resistance, and it is capable, the resistance will not stand silent, or quiet or restrained.
Lebanese Information Minister Tarek Mitri stated that Lebanon respects the border but contests part of it. He said that while the tree which triggered the confrontation is on the Israeli side of the border, it "is Lebanese territory."
Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah declared that in the future his group would not "stand silent" in any future attacks against the LAF and that "The Israeli hand that targets the Lebanese army will be cut off. [However] I don't expect a war to happen soon...but there are reasons for worry." He added that "We told our militants to hold back, not to do anything. [But] From now on, if the army is attacked in any area where the resistance [Hezbollah] has a presence or a say, we will not stand by idly." He also praised the Lebanese army saying it "acted courageously and decisively. Lebanon in its entirety will not consent to attacks on its sacred soil and will fight with full courage." In addition to his support for the army he said "We contacted the president and the army command and told them that the party is at their service."
The Higher Defence Council chief, General Said Eid, said Lebanon stood ready to confront Israeli aggression "by all available means." Deputy Secretary General Sheikh Naim Qassem said they would be ready to strike the heart of Israel in the event of a new aggression against Lebanon. "Israel must understand that any aggression on Lebanon, no matter how small, gives us the complete right to retaliate when and how we find appropriate and in line with Lebanon's political interests. Hezbollah chooses when to be patient and when to retaliate. When Israel threatens to destroy Lebanon, it knows Hezbollah is capable of making Israel suffer properly. Israel's territory will be completely exposed and they will have to bear responsibility for that aggression and pay the price."
Maronite Bishops also condemned Israel's "aggression" and said they were sorry for the Lebanese army victims. Following the Council of Maronite Bishops' monthly meeting, they issued a statement describing the dead as "heroic martyrs;" they also called on all Lebanese to put their differences aside and "focus on what brings them closer together because the country's stability is based on their closeness."
A spokesman for the LAF said Lebanon stands ready to retaliate in the event of any new aggression. "The answer will be the same in the event of any aggression along the border. Any aggression against Lebanon will have serious consequences." He added that the army was in contact with UNIFIL after Israeli army radio said troops planned to try again to uproot the tree in the border area.
The day after the incident Lebanese authorities also arrested a senior member of the opposition bloc's Free Patriotic Movement, Fayez Karam, on suspicion of spying for Israel.
After the United States House of Representatives voted to suspend military aid to Lebanon, the Lebanese government stated that it would reject any future U.S. military aid conditioned on Lebanon agreeing not to use it against Israel.
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The European Union urged restraint from both sides.
The head of the United Nations peacekeeping operations Alain le Roy said that UNIFIL "established...that the trees being cut by the Israeli army are located south of the Blue Line on the Israeli side," and that the Israeli army gave notification of "several hours...by the Israeli authorities of their intention to do this operation, and immediately as procedure we informed the Lebanese side." UNIFIL then asked Israel to delay cutting down the trees in order to "facilitate an agreement between the two parties." Though the Israeli army delayed the operation by several hours, le Roy said the UN would have liked a longer delay. UNIFIL Spokesman Neeraj Singh confirmed the firefight and urged both sides to use "maximum restraint." He added that "UNIFIL peacekeepers are in the area and are trying to ascertain the circumstances of the incident and any possible casualties. Our immediate priority at this time is to restore calm in the area." The United Nations Security Council held a backdoor meeting, and called on all parties to practice "utmost restraint". Following initial investigation of the incident, UNIFIL confirmed the Israeli claim that the soldiers were inside Israeli territory when the clashes erupted.
Reports said UNIFIL confirmed that the IDF informed them of the intention to conduct routine maintenance. According to Israeli officials who spoke to UNIFIL representatives, UNIFIL determined that Lebanese forces had no reason to fire on Israeli troops. UNIFIL military spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Naresh Bhatt said "UNIFIL established ... that the trees being cut by the Israeli army are located south of the Blue Line on the Israeli side." However, the next day UNIFIL issued a statement saying it is still conducting an investigation in the area. Milos Struger, the political adviser to UNIFIL said Lebanese forces had been advised of the brush-clearing operation several hours in advance.
Deputy Spokesperson Andrea Tenenti said UNIFIL had called an extraordinary meeting with senior representatives of both the Lebanese and Israeli armies at Ras Al Naqoura under the auspices of the UNIFIL Force Commander Major-General Alberto Asarta Cuevas.
The United Nations peacekeeping force in south Lebanon has said that it wants to clearly mark the boundary between Israel and Lebanon. UNIFIL force commander Maj. Gen. Alberto Asarta Cuevas said that he met with representatives of the Lebanese and Israeli armies to discuss the UN-drawn Blue Line boundary. The Blue Line is not marked clearly. A fence Israel erected to separate the countries does not always match the official boundary.
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Political reactions
Egypt – Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit condemned Israel over the incident saying it violated both Lebanon's sovereignty and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 that was the basis for the 2006 ceasefire. Gheit urged UNIFIL to calm the situation, and prevent any further Israeli violations of Resolution 1701.
Iran – In a statement, the Iranian Foreign Ministry said, "The Islamic Republic of Iran strongly condemns the Zionist regime's incursion in the southern regions of Lebanon which resulted in the martyrdom of a handful of children of the Lebanese army." It added that the "hysterical assault" by Israel raised an existing concern about a "new adventure" against Lebanon.
Morocco – The Moroccan government condemned Israel for the incident and declared its support for Lebanon, adding that the event would have negative effects on the peace process in the Middle East.
Jordan – Jordanian Prime Minister Samir Rifai emphasized the Jordanian government's support for Lebanon and rejection of any aggression against the country, but warned of the effect any future clashes could have on attempts to work towards peace in the region. The Jordanian cabinet released a statement saying that it was "deeply concerned about the dangerous escalation in Lebanese territory."
Syria – President Bashar al-Assad called his Lebanese counterpart to express "Syria's support for Lebanon against the heinous aggression launched by Israel on Lebanon ... this aggression proves once more that Israel has always been seeking to destabilize security and stability in Lebanon and the region." al-Assad received Lebanese leaders Walid Jumblatt and Public Affairs Minister Ghazi Aridi the next day and to discuss developments in Lebanon and its serious ramifications for the region.
The firing by the Lebanese Armed Forces was wholly unjustified and unwarranted.
United States – President Barack Obama conveyed his condolences through Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak to the family of Harari. State Department spokesman Phillip Crowley stated that "we deeply regret the loss of life. We urge both sides to exercise maximum restraint to avoid an escalation, and maintain the ceasefire that is now in place." He also expressed concerns that the incident might expand into "something more significant," and that U.S. officials had been trying to make sure it went no further. A senior American official in Washington said that, based on what had been learned so far, the Lebanese military appeared to have been responsible for starting the gunfire. | 2010 |
27700648 | 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes | 2010-06-13 17:55:35+00:00 | The 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes (Kyrgyz: Ош коогалаңы; Uzbek: Qirgʻiziston janubidagi tartibsizliklar, Қирғизистон жанубидаги тартибсизликлар; Russian: Беспорядки на юге Киргизии) were clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan, primarily in the cities of Osh and Jalal-Abad, in the aftermath of the ouster of former President Kurmanbek Bakiyev on 7 April. It is part of the larger Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010. Violence that started between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks on 19 May in Jalal-Abad escalated on 10 June in Osh.
The spreading of the violence required the Russian-endorsed interim government led by Roza Otunbayeva to declare a state of emergency on 12 June, in an attempt to take control of the situation. Uzbekistan launched a limited troop incursion early on, but withdrew and opened its borders to Uzbek refugees. The clashes killed nearly 420 people, mostly Uzbeks, and displaced another 80,000.
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After national delimitation in the Soviet Union (1917-mid-1930s), the peoples of Central Asia began a process of ethnogenesis in which they began to define themselves as "Kyrgyz" or "Turkmen", rather than with reference to their religion or locality. The people defined by Soviet ethnographers as Kyrgyz were generally nomadic, and the people defined as Uzbek, sedentary.
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Kyrgyz president Askar Akayev suppressed Kyrgyz ethnic nationalism, favoring Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic unity until he was overthrown in the 2005 Tulip Revolution.
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In June 1990, a violent land dispute between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks erupted in the city of Osh. A group of Kyrgyz demanded that a predominantly Uzbek collective farm be allocated to them to build housing. Uzbek activists objected and violent clashes between the two ethnic groups ensued. Until groups of Kyrgyz came from the surrounding villages, the Uzbeks had the upper hand. A state of emergency and curfew were introduced and the border between the Uzbek and Kyrgyz republics was closed. Soviet troops were deployed to stop the violence. Order was not restored until August. Official estimates of the death toll range from over 300 to more than 600. Unofficial figures range up to more than 1,000.
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In southern Kyrgyzstan, ethnic Uzbeks have been highly active in the local economy, especially in trade and services, and more recently also in agriculture. In Kyrgyz public opinion, wealthy Uzbek Kyrgyzstani leaders such as Qodirjon Botirov have attempted to turn this economic clout into political power, promoting a militant Uzbek nationalism which demands official Uzbek language status in Kyrgyzstan, and a number of seats reserved solely for Uzbeks in the Kyrgyz parliament. The Kyrgyz also think that Uzbeks are "growing wealthy off the backs of the pauperized Kyrgyz" and seeking to destroy Kyrgyzstan's unity with their calls for linguistic and political autonomy.
At the same time, the cities of Kyrgyzstan have received a mass influx of young Kyrgyz people from rural areas who, having difficulty finding work and permanent housing, are likely to become involved in criminal gangs. Decisions about ethnic problems are not taking place at the government level, as their very existence is not recognized and, moreover, virtually all administrative positions are held by ethnic Kyrgyz.
Many Uzbeks say ousted President Kurmanbek Bakiyev favored Kyrgyz people. Many Kyrgyz in the south strongly supported Bakiyev, even after he was overthrown. Currently Bakiyev is in exile in Belarus. Bakyt Beshimov noted that after 7 April uprising the interim government was unable to control the situation in Kyrgyzstan, paving the way for major disturbances. "Ruthless" struggle for power was noted by him as a major cause.
Many Kyrgyz feel that their sovereignty is threatened by their neighbor Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyz media often reports on Uzbekistan's supposed desire to protect Uzbek people abroad. Kyrgyzstan has a long disputed border with the country, over which Uzbekistan has unilaterally erected a barrier. The Uzbek National Security Service has been known to perform deadly intelligence operations in Kyrgyzstan, and there is also Kyrgyz fear about infiltration from the militant Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan.
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Some sources initially claimed the riots were orchestrated from outside forces. There were multiple reports of organized groups of gunmen in ski masks, believed to be from neighboring Tajikistan, shooting both Uzbeks and Kyrgyz to ignite the riots. However, the head of Kyrgyzstan security forces denied such claims of the media.
The interim Kyrgyz government led by Roza Otunbayeva claimed that the former president, Kurmanbek Bakiyev, and his connections were behind the riots, although no proof of this claim was presented. Kyrgyz deputy Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev has also claimed that the riots were paid for with $10 million from Bakiyev's son, Maxim Bakiyev.
Some have also called for Russian involvement, but the Kremlin refused to get involved with forces even at the request of the interim government.
On 14 May, media outlets broadcast a tapped telephone conversation between Communist Party leader Iskhak Masaliyev and other politicians. They discussed organizing mass protests in southern Kyrgyzstan. The people included Bakiyev's adviser Usen Sydykov, then a powerful politician in Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyzstan security forces arrested the two. Masaliyev had just arrived from Moscow. The arrest fueled speculation that the Kremlin was working to produce instability.
Elmira Nogoybayeva, the head of the Kyrgyz Polis Asia Analytic Center, noted in May that Russia and its ally Kazakhstan launched a consistent mass media campaign to discredit the image of Kyrgyzstan. On 14 June 2010, Eurasian expert Giorgi Kvelashvili stated that Moscow's actions appeared to be part of a larger calculated plan.
International organizations have not supported the view that the June events were orchestrated from outside. According to Human Rights Watch "[the] violence in southern Kyrgyzstan began on June 10, when a large crowd of ethnic Uzbeks gathered in response to a minor fight between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz in a casino in the center of Osh. Several violent attacks during the night of June 10 against ethnic Kyrgyz and the torching of several buildings enraged ethnic Kyrgyz from Osh and outside villages, thousands of whom filed into the city."
Uzbekistan was supposed to be concerned that Russia was using the events to consolidate its power over Central Asia, including Uzbekistan. Stratfor reported on 13 June that "the crisis has moved from being an internal Kyrgyz emergency to a confrontation between Uzbekistan and Russia. Russia has proven this past year that it is on a path of consolidation in Central Asia – of which Uzbekistan could be the toughest link in the chain to control".
In late May 2010, hundreds of residents of the Uzbek enclave of Sokh in Kyrgyzstan blocked a main highway leading to Uzbekistan, demanding greater security after several of their cars were allegedly vandalized. Uzbekistan then deployed limited military and police forces into the enclave, but they withdrew on 3 June.
During the political chaos that followed the ouster of Kurmanbek Bakiyev tensions between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks increased. Violence erupted in the evening of 10 June in Osh. According to most accounts, a dispute in a casino between young Uzbeks and Kyrgyz was a watershed in the violence. Both groups called friends to come to help and clashes continued throughout the night.
Crowds of Kyrgyz from the countryside flocked to Osh, Jalal-Abad, and other towns to join the local Kyrgyz and Uzbek crowds to attack each other's neighborhoods. From 11 June through 14 June, there were killings and tortures, looting and setting fire to homes and businesses.
Between 9 and 10 June 2010, rioting in the city of Osh between ethnic Kyrgyz and the minority Uzbek population resulted in at least 46 people dead and 637 injured, many seriously. Gunfire was reported throughout the day in the southern cities and a state of emergency was declared, resulting in the deployment of military units to restore law and order.
On 12 June, Kyrgyzstan's interim government asked Russia to help quell ethnic fighting, claiming the army and police had lost control. Moscow said it could not get involved at that stage because the crisis was an internal affair of Kyrgyzstan. President Dmitri A. Medvedev of Russia and President Hu Jintao of China vowed to support Kyrgyzstan's provisional government in restoring order.
The Kyrgyz interim government passed a decree declaring a partial mobilization of the civilian reservists. On 13 June, Kyrgyz recruitment offices began registering the reservists. The Kyrgyz government also authorized security forces to use deadly force and shoot to kill.
On 12 and 13 June, the International Committee of the Red Cross expressed its deep concern about the worsening humanitarian situation and called on the Kyrgyz authorities to do everything in their power to protect their citizens, restore order and ensure respect for the rule of law.
In the morning of 15 June the national security board chairman Alik Orozov described the situation in southern provinces as "People have gone insane, they are confronting each other. The situation has become uncontrollable, it's true chaos".
On 16 June, The Washington Post reported that the violence began to subside in Jalal-Abad. However, it reported that "when residents were asked about what had happened – about why neighbors had turned against each other so suddenly and in such brutal fashion – the simmering anger between the Kyrgyz and the minority Uzbeks quickly surfaced, hinting at the continuing volatility of the situation". The Washington Post also reported that Uzbek and Kyrgyz residents blame each other for the violence. Kyrgyz soldiers and police officers set up roadblocks and began patrols after the worst of the violence was over.
The exact number of people killed in the clashes remains uncertain. In January 2011, a National Commission composed of local experts reported 426 people died in the violence, among them 276 Uzbeks and 105 ethnic Kyrgyz. Unofficial sources reported "thousands" killed, several thousands wounded and tens of thousands of refugees. These figures are higher than official data as authorities counted only those who died in hospitals and those who were formally buried during the days of the violence. In accordance with Islamic law, many people buried their dead relatives immediately without registering them.
According to sources from the ethnic Uzbek community, at least 700 ethnic Uzbeks were killed in Jalal-Abad, where clashes were less intense than in Osh. According to local sources, in Osh from 1,526 to more than 2,000 people died in the pogroms. Residents of Jalal-Abad claimed that at least 2,000 people died in total and the official figures were too low. The Uzbek edition of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty reported on 16 June 2010, that 2,608 Uzbeks had been killed since the beginning of the clashes. The residents of the city of Osh reported that the bodies of 1,170 Uzbeks were taken from the streets and ruins and buried by members of the Uzbek community.
The killings were performed with fearsome cruelty – many victims were raped and burned alive. Armed gangs tried to prevent the wounded from receiving first aid. In Jalal-Abad crowds attacked the hospital where the wounded were receiving treatment. The violence was facilitated by neglect from local police and military. Moreover, many sources and international organizations claimed that the local military actively participated in the ethnic clashes and looting. At least five policemen were reported to have been killed during the clashes.
The violence caused thousands of people to flee their homes. According to the United Nations and other international organizations, 400,000 refugees were displaced by the pogroms and over 111,000 people fled across the border to Uzbekistan.
It was reported that local authorities arrested a number of Uzbek activists who were trying to collect photo and video evidence of the violence.
A great number of witnesses and international organizations have suspected the Kyrgyz authorities' hand in the pogroms. Human Rights Watch investigated the violence and published a report entitled "Where is the Justice?": Interethnic Violence in Southern Kyrgyzstan and its Aftermath. The report seriously questioned the claim that the attacks were spontaneous, citing witnesses who saw firsthand how people in uniforms jumped out of armored personnel carriers and fired automatic weapons shouting anti-Uzbek slurs.
The attacks on Osh's Uzbek neighborhoods of Cheremushki, Shait-Tepe, Shark, and others, described to Human Rights Watch independently by dozens of witnesses, showed a consistent pattern. In many accounts, individuals in camouflage uniforms on armored military vehicles entered the neighborhoods first, removing the makeshift barricades that Uzbek residents had erected. They were followed by armed men who shot and chased away any remaining residents, and cleared the way for the looters.
The authorities claimed that Kyrgyz mobs stole the military uniforms, weapons, and vehicles that were used in the attacks. Observers pointed out that if this claim was true, it would raise a separate set of questions regarding the military's loss of control over weapons and equipment that ended up in the hands of mobs attacking ethnic Uzbeks and their property.
The interim government granted shoot-to-kill powers to its security forces in the south of Kyrgyzstan, which was criticized by human rights organizations. The interim government's shoot-to-kill orders resulted in indiscriminate killing of many ethnic Uzbeks. Different sources suspected the Kyrgyz security forces' hand in the violence. On 3 May 2011, in the article "Kyrgyzstan's Army Implicated in Ethnic Bloodshed," the Associated Press reported that an international investigation into the causes of the ethnic conflict had concluded that Kyrgyz security forces' handing out of weapons to mobs during the violence was an indication of the military's complicity in the violence. Human Rights Watch also reported some government forces' involvement in the attacks on Uzbek neighborhoods:
… the security forces seemed to respond differently to acts of violence depending on the ethnicity of the perpetrators, raising concerns that capacity was not the only reason for the failure to protect ethnic Uzbeks. The security forces seemed to focus resources on addressing the danger presented by Uzbeks, but not by Kyrgyz, even after it became clear that Kyrgyz mobs posed an imminent threat; and the forces took very limited, if any, operational measures to protect the Uzbek population.
The police and local authorities failed to stop the spread of the pogroms, which was seen as proof of the total ineffectiveness of the interim government headed by Roza Otunbayeva. Although the Kyrgyz government that failed to establish law and order during the violence blamed external forces for the bloody clashes, it did not provide evidence to support this claim.
Human rights violations were committed by security forces not only during the June events, but also in their aftermath. After the violence stopped, Kyrgyz law enforcement officers carried out arbitrary arrests, ill-treated detainees, beat and insulted residents, and in some cases even killed people. The Kyrgyz security forces carried out sweep operations, purportedly to confiscate illegal weapons. Investigations carried out by international organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International concluded that law enforcement agencies had conducted arbitrary raids mainly in Uzbek neighborhoods:
After the initial violence subsided security forces started to carry out search operations in villages and homes, ostensibly to seize weapons and detain those responsible for committing violent crimes. These large scale operations were carried out over a couple of weeks until the end of June. There were numerous reports that security forces were using excessive force during these operations and that they were targeting Uzbek neighbourhoods. Human rights organizations, journalists and community leaders reported that hundreds of men, the majority of them Uzbek, were arbitrarily detained and beaten or otherwise ill-treated and tortured during such raids and subsequently during their detention.
Human Rights Watch received dozens of reports of police officials asking for exorbitant bribes of up to $10,000 for the release of detainees. Security officers demanded money from the families of detainees to free their relatives or prevent others from being arrested. The overwhelming majority of detainees were Uzbeks. Many detainees were ill-treated, intimidated, and brutally beaten. Human rights organizations also reported that the security forces planted evidence, beat people with rifles, destroyed documents, stole possessions, and ill-treated detainees. "Many reported being held incommunicado in police or national security custody, beaten, or otherwise ill-treated and tortured to force them to confess to a crime or to incriminate a relative, a neighbour, an employer or a friend." Kyrgyz Security forces injured 39 people, two of whom died in hospital, in the village of Nariman.
Authorities harassed and attacked lawyers representing clients, predominantly ethnic Uzbeks, with regard to the ethnic violence. Lawyers reported that local authorities prevented them from seeing their clients, let alone helping them. Officials insulted and threatened lawyers defending ethnic Uzbeks on repeated occasions.
Ethnically-motivated attacks continued in the south of Kyrgyzstan after the large-scale violence diminished in intensity. The authorities did little to halt the attacks, either because they were unable to or unwilling to stop them. Human Rights Watch reported a dozen of people, mostly women, were attacked and brutally beaten in front of the Osh City Police Department, while a large number of armed policemen did nothing to stop the attacks. Local authorities did not investigate ill-treatment in custody. The chief military prosecutor told Human Rights Watch that the sweep operation in Nariman would not be investigated because he regarded the actions of the law enforcement agencies—including shooting and brutal beatings that resulted in two deaths—as "lawful and adequate."
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In trials following the violence in southern Kyrgyzstan, the majority of defendants have been ethnic Uzbek. In early 2012, ethnic Uzbeks made up 77 per cent of those detained and charged for crimes related to the June 2010 violence. This has perpetuated the widely propagated theory in Kyrgyz political circles that the Uzbeks started the violence.
Dozens of prominent Uzbek religious and community leaders were arrested by security forces following the riots, including journalist and human rights activist Azimzhan Askarov. Following a trial criticized by several international human rights organizations, Askarov was charged with creating mass disturbances, incitement of ethnic hatred, complicity in murder and was given a life sentence. Various human rights organizations stated that they believed the charges against him and his co-defendants to be politically motivated, and Amnesty International designated Askarov a prisoner of conscience.
On 29 March 2012, the International Crisis Group (ICG) published a report which stated that ethnic tensions between Uzbeks and Kyrgyz continue to grow since June 2010 in southern Kyrgyzstan, "largely because of the state's neglect and southern leaders' anti-Uzbek policies." The report noted that the current superficial silence in the south was not a sign of success. According to the ICG, unless systematic measures are taken, further violence may erupt and even the most determined ethnic nationalist like Melis Myrzakmatov is unlikely to keep the Uzbek minority silenced forever.
The Crisis Group reported that, contrary to common belief, the violence in southern Kyrgyzstan was not a fringe phenomenon perpetrated by ruthless, uneducated, and unemployed youth and corrupt politicians only. In reality even the more or less educated middle-class Kyrgyz do not have a conciliatory attitude. Few people in southern Kyrgyzstan have had access to any analysis of the riots that challenge the versions that blame Uzbeks as dangerous outsiders. Educated activist and professionals in southern Kyrgyzstan believe that the Uzbeks brought ruin upon themselves. Few Kyrgyz admit that discrimination and humiliation of ethnic Uzbeks in southern Kyrgyzstan has long been unbearable. They dismiss the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry which documents how weapons, mostly automatic rifles, were distributed to Kyrgyz crowds and that armoured personnel carriers had been surrendered without resistance and subsequently used in attacks on Uzbek communities.
Following the June events ethnic Uzbeks have been subjected to arbitrary detentions, extortion and torture. Juan Méndez, the UN Special Rapporteur on torture, issued a report in December 2011 in which he wrote: "serious human rights violations committed in the context of ongoing investigations into the events of June 2010 and after have continued unabated in recent months."
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Following the violence a new leadership surfaced in southern Kyrgyzstan. Openly nationalist Osh mayor Melis Myrzakmatov, a Bakiyev appointee, emerged as the preeminent political figure in the south. Myrzakmatov and other southern nationalists formed the party Ata-Zhurt which won 28 seats out of 120 in the 2010 Kyrgyzstani parliamentary election. The party initially campaigned to roll back the new constitution and bring Bakiyev back from exile in Belarus.
Myrzakmatov is a radical nationalist leader and openly bears an ethnic Kyrgyz-first policy. He has largely ignored the capital Bishkek in his actions. This situation did not change even after the supposedly neutral northerner Almazbek Atambayev was elected president in December 2011. Senior members of Atambayev's administration "express dismay at tensions in the south but say they have no way of influencing the situation there."
In late 2011, Myrzakmatov published a book entitled In Search of the Truth. The Osh Tragedy: Documents, Facts, Appeals, and Declarations (Russian: В поисках истины. Ошская трагедия: документы, факты, интервью, обращения и заявления), both in Kyrgyz and Russian, in which he presented his own version of the June events. In the book he took a radical anti-Uzbek approach and portrayed Uzbeks as a separatist group and "stressed the need for non-Kyrgyz ethnic groups to understand their future role would be as subordinates."
In his book Myrzakmatov gives a dubious account of the events in Southern Kyrgyzstan. "Many details are questionable, and key events are missing. There is little reference to attacks on Uzbek districts, and no discussion of casualties in Uzbek areas." According to Myrzakmatov, the Kyrgyz were caught off-guard by the attack of Uzbeks who were "armed to the teeth" but the attack was thwarted by Myrzakmatov and a few other similar "heroic" ethnic Kyrgyz who were inspired by Manas, a hero of a Kyrgyz legend.
On 5 December 2013, the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Zhantoro Satybaldiyev issued a decree and dismissed Myrzakmatov from his post as mayor of Osh. Despite being dismissed, Myrzakmatov was allowed to take part in a new mayoral election that was held on January 15, 2014. He was defeated by pro-presidential candidate Aitmamat Kadyrbaev. Both Myrzakmatov's dismissal and his defeat in the election provoked mass protests by his supporters.
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The support from the United States, Uzbekistan, and Russia for the Uzbek side of the riots has fueled conspiracy theories in Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz nationalist party Ata-Zhurt has interpreted the ethnic unrest as fueling from a Kyrgyzstan government failure to promote respect for Kyrgyz language and culture among minorities, such as Uzbeks.
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In the aftermath of the ethnic clashes Kyrgyz authorities have taken measures to remove the Uzbek language from public life. Uzbek schools are being pressured to switch to Kyrgyz across Kyrgyzstan. All signs in Uzbek have been removed from public places and Uzbek TV and radio channels have been closed.
Under Myrzakmatov's leadership a bell was erected in Osh in memory of the victims of the June 2010 violence. Even though the violence took place between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks, the bell has inscriptions calling for peace in three languages, namely Kyrgyz, Russian, and English, but not in Uzbek.
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At the Kyrgyz government's request an independent commission into the events in southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2010 was formed to study and report on the ethnic clashes. The Independent International Commission of Inquiry (KIC) was formed by the Nordic countries' initiative for an independent international inquiry and was accepted by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Roza Otunbayeva. The KIC published its report, both in Russian and English, in early May 2011. The findings of the report were based on interviews of nearly 750 witnesses, 700 documents, about 5,000 photographs and 1,000 video extracts. The panel of the commission included seven prominent members from Finland, Australia, Estonia, France, Russia, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
The KIC reported that it found serious violations of international law, some of which could amount to crimes against humanity. The report criticized the "ineptitude and irresolution" of the interim government headed by Otunbayeva in preventing and stopping the violence. The KIC noted that weapons, mostly automatic
rifles, were distributed to Kyrgyz crowds and that armoured personnel carriers had been surrendered without resistance and later used in attacks on Uzbek communities.
The findings of the KIC infuriated and alarmed the Kyrgyz government and the members of the Kyrgyz parliament declared the commission's chair Dr. Kimmo Kiljunen, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly's special representative for Central Asia, persona non-grata.
The KIC qualified the violations under international law and reported:
"It is the view of the KIC that the violence of June does not qualify as either war crimes or genocide. However, if the evidence of some acts committed during certain attacks against the mahallas in Osh on 11, 12 and 13 June was proven beyond reasonable doubt in a court of law, those acts would amount to crimes against humanity. These are murder, rape, other forms of sexual violence, physical violence (as another inhumane act) and persecution against an identifiable group on ethnic grounds."
The KIC stated that if the security forces had been properly instructed and deployed, the violence would possibly have been prevented or stopped. "The failure of members of the security forces to protect their equipment raises questions of complicity in the events, either directly or indirectly. Further, some members of the military were involved in some of the attacks on the mahallas." The KIC recommended Kyrgyzstan to take a strong stand against nationalism and ethnic exclusivity. It also called for the establishment of a truth and reconciliation commission and international follow-up to carry out the recommendations of the report.
Following the ethnic clashes, several international organizations and NGOs such as the OSCE, UN, and USAID have been supporting reconciliation efforts in affected areas around southern Kyrgyzstan.
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In November 2010, the OSCE started helping the Kyrgyzstani police in their activities through the Community Security Initiative (CSI) project. The main objective of the CSI was "to increase the respect for and protection of human rights by the police and to build confidence between law enforcement agencies and communities including through the promotion of multi-ethnic policing."
The CSI worked in collaboration with the OSCE's Police Reform Programme and High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM). The project also collaborated with a large number of national authorities in Kyrgyzstan, including the Ombudsman, Prosecutor General, the State Penitentiary Service, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Justice, and the Ministry of Health. The project was officially ended on 11 December 2015.
Rezvani, Babak. "Understanding and explaining the Kyrgyz-Uzbek interethnic conflict in Southern Kyrgyzstan." Anthropology of the Middle East 8.2 (2013): 60-81. | 2010 |
29773913 | 2010 Yellow Sea conflict | 2010-11-27 19:13:34+00:00 | The 2010 Yellow Sea conflict may refer to the following incidents:
ROKS Cheonan sinking
Shelling of Yeonpyeong
Dandong shooting incident
Senkaku Islands dispute#2010
2010 Senkaku boat collision incident
USS George Washington (CVN-73)#2010 | 2010 |
30230141 | 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis | 2010-12-28 23:38:18+00:00 | The 2010–11 Ivorian crisis was a political crisis in Ivory Coast which began after Laurent Gbagbo, the President of Ivory Coast since 2000, was proclaimed the winner of the Ivorian election of 2010, the first election in the country in 10 years. The opposition candidate, Alassane Ouattara, and a number of countries, organisations and leaders worldwide claimed Ouattara had won the election. After months of attempted negotiation and sporadic violence, the crisis entered a decisive stage as Ouattara's forces began a military offensive in which they quickly gained control of most of the country and besieged key targets in Abidjan, the country's largest city. At the time, international organizations reported numerous human rights violations, and the UN undertook its own military action with the stated objective to protect itself and civilians.
A significant step in bringing an end to the crisis occurred on 11 April 2011 upon the capture and arrest of Gbagbo in Abidjan by pro-Ouattara forces backed by French forces.
On 2 December 2010, Youssouf Bakayoko, head of the Ivorian Commission Electorale Indépendante (CEI), announced provisional results showing that Alassane Ouattara had won the Ivorian election of 2010 in the second round with 54.1% of the vote, against 45.9% for Laurent Gbagbo; he reported that turnout was 81.09%. Results had been expected and then postponed for days, beyond the deadline, and Bakayoko's appearance to announce the results—at an Abidjan hotel heavily guarded by the UN—took the press by surprise. Bakayoko reportedly chose to announce the results at the hotel, which Ouattara had been using as "his base", because he wanted to have the security of UN protection when doing so. According to the 2003 Peace Accords signed in the suburbs of Paris, the majority of the CEI must consist of politicians of the opposition (Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally and Rally of the Republicans).
Paul Yao N'Dre, the President of the Constitutional Council (a body that was viewed by the opposition as favoring Gbagbo, because N'Dre was considered an ally of the President), then took to the airwaves to say that the CEI had no authority left to announce any results, because it had already missed its deadline to announce them, and consequently the results were invalid. According to N'Dre, the passing of the deadline meant that only the Constitutional Council was "authorised to announce decisions on the contested results." It was widely presumed that the Court would issue a ruling favoring Gbagbo, although the CEI's results indicated that Gbagbo could only be credited with victory if hundreds of thousands of votes were invalidated.
At the heart of the dispute lies article 94 of the Constitution of Côte d'Ivoire, which reads:
The Constitutional Council shall control the regularity of the operations of the referendum and proclaims the results.
The Council shall decide on:
– the eligibility of the candidates to the presidential and legislative elections;
– the disputes concerning the election of the President of the Republic and of the Deputies.
The Constitutional Council shall proclaim the final results of the presidential elections.
Shortly after the announcements, the military sealed the country's borders.
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On 3 December, the Constitutional Council declared Gbagbo winner. N'Dre announced that the results in seven northern regions were cancelled, and on that basis declaring the outcome narrowly in favor of Gbagbo, who was credited with 51.45% of the vote while Ouattara had 48.55%.
On the basis of the CEI's results, Ouattara maintained that he was "the elected President" and said that the Constitutional Council had "abused its authority, the whole world knows it, and I am sorry for my country's image". He had the clear backing of the international and regional community for his claim to victory, but top officers in the military appeared to stand firmly behind Gbagbo.
The New Forces and Prime Minister Guillaume Soro both supported Ouattara's claim to victory; Soro said that he considered Ouattara the rightful President and offered his resignation to Gbagbo on 4 December.
Gbagbo was sworn in for another five-year term on 4 December, defiantly declaring: "I will continue to work with all the countries of the world, but I will never give up our sovereignty." Sporadic violence and gunfire were reported in various parts of the country, including Abidjan. Gbagbo appointed a new Prime Minister, Gilbert Aké, on 5 December; Aké,
an economist and university president, was already regarded as close to Gbagbo.
Ouattara himself was sworn in separately shortly after, saying that "Ivory Coast is now in good hands". Ouattara then re-appointed Soro as his prime minister.
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Domestic
There had been rallies from pro-Gbagbo and pro-Ouattara sides. Simone Gbagbo, wife of Laurent Gbagbo, gave a speech in the pro-Gbagbo rally on 15 January 2011. Ivorian forces have fired live bullets to disperse protesters. In Abobo, an Abidjan suburb and a stronghold of Ouattara's supporters, there were many violent clashes between security forces and civilians.
Aya Virginie Toure organized over 40,000 women in peaceful protests that were violently repressed. In an impassioned interview on BBC News, Toure compared the ongoing Second Ivorian Civil War to the 2011 Libyan civil war and asked for support from the international community. She called for military intervention to remove Laurent Gbagbo from power the same way Charles Taylor was removed in the Second Liberian Civil War.
United Nations
On 18 December, a United Nations spokesperson said in response to a Gbagbo demand that foreign armed troops leave the country that the UN did not consider Gbagbo to be the president, and that peacekeepers would continue to support and protect both Alassane Ouattara and Ivorian citizens.
On 23 December 2010, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed a resolution that "strongly condemned human rights violations that had taken place in Côte d'Ivoire...that occurred in different parts of Côte d'Ivoire in relation to the conclusion of the 2010 presidential election." The resolution was criticized by Amnesty International as having insufficiently addressed the situation.
International
Angola and Lebanon were the only countries to send their ambassadors to Gbagbo's swearing-in. The African Union—which, like the United Nations, formally recognised Ouattara as the duly elected President—warned that the conflicting results and subsequent political crisis could result in "incalculable consequences", and sent former President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki to mediate the issue. The US, UN, EU, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and former colonial power France affirmed their support to Ouattara.
On 5 December, former South African President Thabo Mbeki held separate talks with Gbagbo and Ouattara, acting as a mediator. The African Union had appointed Mbeki to lead an emergency mission to Côte d'Ivoire "to facilitate the rapid and peaceful conclusion of the electoral process and the efforts to find a way out of the crisis." However, he left the next day without a deal.
Gabonese opposition leader André Mba Obame cited the events in Ivory Coast and the international recognition of Ouattara as Ivorian President as inspiration for declaring himself winner of the controversial 2009 Gabonese presidential election, sparking an ongoing political crisis in Gabon.
On 28 December, presidents Yayi Boni of Benin, Ernest Bai Koroma of Sierra Leone and Pedro Pires of Cape Verde arrived in the country on behalf of ECOWAS, to convince Gbagbo to resign and go into exile for the sake of his country, while declaring it was Gbagbo's last chance before the deployment of military force against him.
On 20 December, White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs told a news briefing that it was "time for [Gbagbo] to go" and that "We stand ready to impose targeted sanctions, individually and in concert with our partners around the world, on President Gbagbo, on his immediate family, on those who are associated with him and those who continue to cling to power illegitimately." On 21 December, the United States Department of State announced that it had imposed travel sanctions against Gbagbo and 30 allies. William Fitzgerald, the deputy assistant secretary for African affairs, said that trade sanctions may be imposed against individuals. On 22 December, State Department spokesman Philip J. Crowley said that Ouattara's victory was irrefutable and reiterated U.S. demands that Gbagbo step down.
Between December 2010 and March 2011, there was a series of sporadic outbreaks of violence between Gbagbo's militias and security forces on the one hand and Ouattara's supporters on the other, primarily in the city of Abidjan, where both sides had large numbers of supporters. On 16 December 2010, clashes between opposition supporters and security forces in Abidjan and Yamoussoukro left 44 people dead. It was alleged that a mass grave of opposition supporters had been dug in a pro-Gbagbo neighborhood in Abidjan, but security forces prevented UN investigators from going to the site to check the allegations. Another mass grave was reported to exist in the village of N'Dotre, guarded by government militias.
Clashes between rival ethnic groups seen as being pro-Gbagbo and pro-Ouattara killed 33 people in the central Ivorian city of Duékoué between 3 and 6 January 2011. 11 more people were killed on 11–12 January when fighting broke out in Abidjan between security forces and Ouattara supporters, some of whom were using automatic weapons and rocket-propelled grenades, after the police attempted to conduct a raid in a pro-Ouattara district of Abidjan. The same area was the scene of further clashes on 21–22 February when police again attempted to raid it. 12 opposition supporters were killed when security forces fired machine guns and launched rocket-propelled grenades in the neighbourhood; the next day, opposition fighters ambushed government gendarmes (paramilitary police) and killed 10–15 of them.
Gbagbo's supporters carried out a number of attacks in March, attacking foreign businesses and UN offices in Abidjan on 1 March and killing at least six people attending a pro-Ouattara rally in the city. The northern suburb of Abobo was attacked by Gbagbo's forces on 13 March in a bid to drive out pro-Ouattara supporters, and mobs were also reported to be roaming the city looking for their opponents and attacking or killing them. The violence resulted in 10 confirmed deaths and scores more wounded. Abobo came under heavy attack on 17 March, killing 30 people, when shells were fired into a crowded market from a nearby military barracks. It was unclear whether Gbagbo or Ouattara supporters were responsible, though Abobo is generally pro-Ouattara. On 18 March, the UN issued a statement saying that the shelling was "an act, perpetrated against civilians, [that] could constitute a crime against humanity." Another 52 people were killed in continuing violence in Abidjan between 21 and 26 March.
Opposition figure Guillaume Soro charged that Gbagbo's security forces and Liberian mercenaries had waged a campaign of terror, and that death squads had been responsible for 200 deaths, 1,000 people wounded from gunfire, 40 disappearances and 732 arrests. He told The Guardian that "women have been beaten, stripped, assaulted and raped. When will the international community realise that a murderous insanity has begun in Ivory Coast?" Amnesty International said it had received increasing reports of atrocities in the country. By March 2011, an estimated 450,000+ Ivorians had left the country, of which 370,000 were from the capital city of Abidjan.
On 10 March 2011, it was announced that Gbagbo had banned all French and UN aircraft from Ivorian airspace, with exceptions only if the transport ministry approved. The ban was not challenged by the UN, which continued to fly helicopters despite the order; allies of Ouattara said Gbagbo had no legal authority with which to enforce the ban.
Approximately 1,800 people, including children and civil servants, had taken refuge in Abidjan's Saint Paul's Cathedral since the beginning of the crisis.
Both pro-Ouattara and pro-Gbagbo forces were accused of having participated in the 28–29 March Duékoué massacre, where hundreds of civilians were killed. When asked by U.N. secretary general Ban Ki-moon, Ouattara denied the accusation against his forces, but agreed to conduct an investigation.
Numerous peaceful protests of nonviolent resistance have been organized in Ivory Coast and internationally in support of a peaceful resolution to the ongoing crisis.
In December 2010, several street protests were held in Abidjan. Hundreds of women joined the protests and banged pots as a warning about the arrival of the militias. The protesters were met with heavily armed security forces firing into the crowd and killing civilians.
In February 2011, hundreds of youth protested in Abobo, a neighborhood of Abidjan. One man and one woman were killed by security forces who opened fire and used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
On 3 March 2011, 15,000 women held a peaceful protest in Abidjan. Some were dressed in black, some were wearing leaves, and some were naked, all signs of an African curse directed toward Laurent Gbagbo. In the neighborhood of Abobo, they were met by security forces with tanks that allegedly opened fire on the women. Seven women were killed and approximately 100 were wounded. Gbagbo's police officers always denied any involvement of their forces, and Gbagbo's supporters argue that this incident is an elaborate hoax, claiming that the available video footage can hardly match the story.
On 8 March, International Women's Day, 45,000 women held peaceful protests across the country. The women were met with youth armed with machetes and automatic weapons firing into the air at Koumassi. One woman and three men were killed in Abidjan by the army.
As the violence continued in Abidjan, heavy fighting broke out in western Côte d'Ivoire at the end of February 2011 as the newly renamed Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire (RFCI) sought to close the border with Liberia, from where Gbagbo was reported to have recruited numerous fighters. A series of western towns fell to the RFCI between 25 February and 21 March as it advanced beyond the ceasefire line from the previous civil war. On 28 March the RFCI launched a country-wide military offensive as Ouattara declared that all peaceful solutions had been "exhausted". After heavy fighting in some central Ivorian towns, the RFCI advanced rapidly across the country to seize towns along the eastern border with Ghana, the political capital Yamoussoukro and the key port of San Pédro. By 31 March the RFCI had reached Abidjan as fighting broke out in the city, with Gbagbo loyalists falling back to the area around the presidential palace. United Nations and French forces joined the fighting on 4 April with helicopter attacks on heavy weapons being used by Gbagbo's forces.
Electricity and water to the northern half of the country were also cut 2 March, with no immediate explanation for either event.
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On 18 December 2010, Gbagbo ordered peacekeeping forces from the United Nations and France to leave the country; the government issued a statement saying that it " demands the departure of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire and Opération Licorne forces in Ivory Coast and is opposed to any renewal of their mandate." In January 2011, Gbagbo requested a recount of the votes, along with the creation of a committee composed of international members that would oversee the recount. He also engaged in a diplomatic campaign to gain support from countries like Zimbabwe, while at the same time expelling ambassadors from the United Kingdom and Canada, countries that did not recognize his leadership. After the election, Gbagbo initially retained control of the country's armed forces and the state media, but in part due to the international sanctions which limited Gbagbo's financing abilities, this control gradually crumbled and the offensive by Ouattara forces caused much of Gbagbo's armed forces to defect.
Ouattara was at the first floor of the Golf Hotel in Abidjan while Gbagbo remained at the presidential palace. The hotel was guarded by about 800 UN peacekeepers, who had encircled the site with coiled razor wire and guarded the premises with white UN armored personnel carriers and security checks for visitors.
According to local UN mission chief Choi Young-jin, troops loyal to Gbagbo (about 3,000 militiamen according to an Ouattara spokesman) occupied the neighborhood surrounding the Golf Hotel and set up a blockade that prevented UN trucks from bringing food, water and medicine to the hotel; UN trucks were sent each day but had been turned back every time. Ouattara had a pirate radio station inside the hotel that broadcast campaign songs, speeches from Ouattara, and statements by his spokesman. However, technicians working for Gbagbo had jammed the signal and so as to change frequencies several times a day.
During early March 2011, Ouattara traveled to Ethiopia to meet with an African Union (AU) council tasked with finding a solution to the conflict. Gbagbo refused to attend the meeting, which resulted in the AU confirming Ouattara as the victor in the elections. It was the first time he had left the Golf Hotel since the election was held.
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Reporters Without Borders observed that public media had been neutral in its coverage of the candidates, but it also noted that Gbagbo's campaign had received a substantially larger amount of coverage. Reporters have been threatened by armed forces sympathetic to Gbagbo.
International radio stations, including France 24, BBC and RFI, were stopped from broadcasting on 2 March.
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The West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA) recognises Ouattara as the winner of the 2010 election. The bank of issue of UEMOA is the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO)). The governor of BCEAO, Philippe-Henry Dacoury-Tabley, seen as an ally of Gbagbo, was forced to resign by West African leaders on 21 January 2011.
Ouattara said that the continuing crisis hurts the economy. As a declining economy threatens the status of Côte d'Ivoire, as the largest producer of cocoa in the world, a revival hinged on the outcome of the election.
The internationally traded price for cocoa and white sugar fell in the week prior to the election on speculation that the election would spur production.
On 24 January 2011, the cocoa price soared following Ouattara's announcement that coffee and cocoa exports would be banned for a month in hope to cut off the funding for Gbagbo.
Ivory Coast was also forced to default on a $2.3 billion bond as a result of the crisis.
On 9 February 2011 onwards the Abidjan stock exchange remained closed after Gbagbo's loyalist forces invaded its offices. The following day it reopened. The regional stock exchange Bourse Regionale des Valeurs Mobilieres moved "temporarily" to Bamako, Mali after Gbagbo's troops attacked its office in Abidjan.
During the week from 14 to 18 February, four banks had suspended their operations, and Gbagbo in response nationalized them on 17 February. Most of the cash machines in Abidjan had been empty or out of service and people rushed to the banks to withdraw their cash.
Reports suggested a cash crisis in the country due to a lack of capital inflows and runs on banks forcing national financial institutions to also deplete their reserves. Several banks ceased operations in the country. The move led to Gbagbo loyalist forces to have "nationalised" those banks and "requisitioned" cash from the Central Bank's Abidjan bureau. The opposition said these actions amounted to robbery.
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On 23 March, at the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Summit in Nigeria, a "One Thousand Women March" was organised by peace activists in West Africa in support of the women in the Ivory Coast. They wore white T-shirts and represented countries across West Africa including Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo.
On 6 April, in Canada outside the French consulate in Montreal, demonstrators protested against France's military intervention in Ivory Coast and asked for humanitarian corridors to be opened in Abidjan.
On 8 April, in Ireland outside the French embassy in Dublin, demonstrators protested against the international community's "military invasion" of Ivory Coast.
Gbagbo was arrested on 11 April. From April to August, he and his wife, Simone, were under house arrest in separate locations in northern parts of the country. Gbagbo was sent to Korhogo and Simone to Odienné. Gbagbo and his wife were charged with economic crimes in August. The charges included looting, armed robbery and embezzlement. The government, citing its incompetence, has requested the involvement of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the investigation of violence related crimes.
On 3 October, the judges of ICC authorized its prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo to probe post-election war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by forces loyal to both Gbagbo and Ouattara. With an arrest warrant issued on 23 November and made known to the public on 29 November, Gbagbo was sent from Côte d'Ivoire on 29 November and arrived in a prison in Scheveningen, a suburb of the Hague, on 30 November.
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Human rights remained as an issue. In May 2011, Amnesty International reported that both pro-Gbagbo and pro-Ouattara sides had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in the conflict. On 20 July 2011, Ouattara inaugurated a commission to investigate the violation of human rights during the conflict.
Reporters Without Borders asked for the release of a detained pro-Gbagbo journalist. The personnel director of the company that published Le Temps, a newspaper close to FPI, was briefly arrested on 24 May 2011 and then released in the same day. The Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire occupied the seat of Notre Voie, a newspaper close to FPI, from April to the beginning of September.
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According to Human Rights Watch, the violence persisted after the fall of Gbagbo. Militias supporting him had killed at least 220 people during the days immediately before or after the arrest of Gbagbo. In June 2011, it was reported that at least 149 actual or suspected pro-Gbagbo partisans had been killed by the forces of Ouattara since April. In August, similar events committed by the forces of Ouattara were reported again by the media. A summary of a press conference by UNOCI in August reported several confrontations between FRCI and youths in Ores-Krobou, Abadjin-Kouté, Abadjin-Doumé, Akoupé-Zeudji, and Biéby.
On the night of 24–25 April 2012, the village of Sakré, in the Southwest near Liberia, was attacked by an armed group equipped with heavy weapons including rockets, leaving 8 dead.
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On 1 June 2011, Guillaume Soro formed a new government. No one in the cabinet came from the pro-Gbagbo camp. Guillaume Soro is the prime minister and minister of defence. The mandate of Choi Young-ji ended on 31 August, and Albert Gerard Koenders became the new UN Special Representative for Côte d'Ivoire on 1 September.
On 28 September, Commission dialogue, vérité et réconciliation (CDVR) (English: Dialogue, Truth, and Reconciliation Commission) was inaugurated in Yamoussoukro. It is an 11-member commission headed by former Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny. The commission includes religious leaders, regional representatives, and Chelsea footballer Didier Drogba to speak for Ivorians living abroad. It is modelled after the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa. However, Konan Banny expressed that the commission would not have amnesty powers nor powers to absolve anyone.
A legislative election was announced in September and held on 11 December. It was the first legislative election since 2000, due to the crisis in 2002. Ouattara hoped that new legislators could be elected before the major development projects announced in the presidential campaign start. The election was boycotted by FPI, Gbagbo's party, and was won by the parties of Ouattara and his allies. The atmosphere of the election was calm, but the turnout was low.
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On 27 June 2011, UN lifted the last sanctions against Ivorian enterprises, including Radiodiffusion télévision ivoirienne (RTI), Association des producteurs de caoutchouc naturel de Côte d'Ivoire (APROCANCI), and Société de gestion du patrimoine de l'électricité (SOGEPE). On 8 July 2011, IMF resumed the aid to Côte d'Ivoire. On 25 October, the United States announced that Côte d'Ivoire, excluded since 2005, was again eligible for the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which gives trade preferences to eligible countries.
On 3 August 2012, the first commercial court of Côte d'Ivoire was set up in Abidjan, with the aim of encouraging the investment and the economical development.
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On 3 August 2011, Ouattara promoted several important and controversial ex-chiefs in the New Forces who were said to have brought Ouattara to his position. Among those promoted was Martin Fofié Kouakou, appointed as the new commandant of Korhogo, who had been accused of being involved in extrajudicial executions by UN. In 2012, Ouattara claimed to have crushed a coup plot by military officers loyal to Gbagbo.
Bah, Abu Bakarr (2010). "Democracy and civil war: Citizenship and peacemaking in Côte d'Ivoire". African Affairs. 109 (437): 597–615. doi:10.1093/afraf/adq046.
Collier, Paul (2010). "Meltdown in Côte d'Ivoire". Wars, Guns, and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. New York: Harper Perennial. pp. 155–168. ISBN 978-0-06-147964-9.
Zounmenou, David (2011). "Côte d'Ivoire's post-electoral conflict: what is at stake?". African Security Review. 20 (1): 48–55. doi:10.1080/10246029.2011.561011. S2CID 144774578. | 2010 |
42184764 | Fighting Gravity (film) | 2014-03-12 17:52:12+00:00 | Fighting Gravity is a documentary produced by Virginia Madsen for Empire 8 productions and Screen Sirens. The documentary screened in 2009 and followed 15 passionate women athletes' fight for their sport's inclusion in the Olympic Games. These 15 ski jumping athletes fought for their right to compete in their sport in the Vancouver Winter Olympics in 2010. Starting in the Olympics in Chamonix in 1924, the Winter Olympics have always held ski jumping competitions but restricted to men.
The documentary mainly follows the American ski jumper Lindsey Van who describes how she feels about the exclusion of women in the professional ski jumping world. The documentary follows the process of the girls' lawsuit against the International Olympic Committee for gender discrimination. Although Canadian courts ruled in June 2009 in favor of the IOC, the latter decided less than two years later to accept women in ski jumping competitions starting in 2014 at the Sochi Winter Olympics.
A documentary was produced in 2012 touching the same subject called Ready to Fly. | 2010 |
27833780 | High Times Medical Cannabis Cup | 2010-06-24 19:00:09+00:00 | The High Times Medical Cannabis Cup is an annual event celebrating medical marijuana. The first Medical Cannabis Cup took place in San Francisco, California, on June 19–20, 2010.
Like the High Times Cannabis Cup in Amsterdam, many marijuana strains are judged and cups (trophies) are awarded in a number of categories at the Medical Cup. However, unlike the Cannabis Cup, the Medical Cannabis Cup focuses on the emerging medical marijuana movement in America. As a result, official judging of the strains and edibles is left to a panel of experts. Attendees receive a list of participating medical marijuana dispensaries and state-approved medical cannabis patients can visit those marijuana dispensaries and sample the entered strains prior to the event.
In addition to awarding the best and most medicinal marijuana, hash, and edibles from legal medical marijuana dispensaries, the event also includes medical cultivation seminars, a product expo, and information on creating a legal "cann-business".
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Sativa
GreanBicycles (Vortex)
The Green Door San Francisco (Candy Jack)
Purple Lotus Patient Center (Durban Poison)
Indica
Mr. Natural Inc (Cali Gold)
Elemental Wellness (True OG)
Tehama Herbal Collective (Bubba Kush)
Concentrates
Leonard Moore Cooperative (Ingrid)
Phillips Rx (Herojauna)
7 Stars Holistic Healing Center (Granddaddy Purple Wax)
Edibles
Greenway Compassionate Relief (Biscotti)
Medithrive (Bliss Edibles Truffles)
The Hampton Collective (Totally Baked Medibles Tincture)
Expo Booth
Humboldt Patients Resource Center
TIE: Cmaz Glass, Green Door
Stealth Grow LED
Glass
Zong 2 Kink Jack Herer Bong
Glass Slider
Cmaz Vhorees
Product
TIE: Essential Vaaapp H2O Eclipse, Stealth Grow LED
Grassroots High Times Medical Cannabis Cup Hat
TIE: Canna Fresh, Boldt Bags
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SATIVA
Granddaddy Purple Collective, Bay 11
OrganiCann, Alpha Blue
Happy Lil' Trees, Sonoma Coma
Indica
Harborside Health Center (San Jose), Delta559's Bogglegum
Elemental Wellness Center, The True OG
Stars Holistic Healing Center, 7 Star Pure Kush
Hybrid
D & M Compassion Center, OG Kush
Buds & Roses, Star Dawg
Leonard Moore Co-Operative, The Pure
Concentrates
Philips Rx, Mars OG
Berkeley Patients Group, Sour Diesel Wax
The Cali Connection Seed Company Collective, Regulator Kush Wax
Non Solvent Hash
Florin Wellness Center, Herojuana
CBD AWARD
Master Control Unit Collective, Alaskan Thunderfuck (9.23%)
Elemental Wellness, Center, Jamaican Lion (8.10%)
Edibles Cup
Greenway Compassionate Relief's Baklava
Bhang Chocolate's Bhang Chocolate Triple Strength Fire Bar
Vapor Room Co-operative, Om Chocolate Dipped Peanut Butter Truffle
Best Booth
Magnolia Wellness
Nor Cal Genetics Seed Collective
Element Wellness
Best Product
Glass M420 by Incredibowl Industries
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Sativa
Snow Dog (Natural Alternatives)
Alpha Blue (The Farm)
Island Sweet Skunk (Grassroots Wellness)
Indica
Banana Kush (Mile High Green Cross)
L.A. confidential (420 Wellness)
Chemdawg (Highland Health)
Best Hybrid
Sour Grape (Mile High Green Cross)
White Dawg (A Cut Above)
Banana Kush (Highland Health)
Best Concentrates
Grape Ape Wax (Salida green Cross)
Hong Kong Stable Oil (Broadway Wellness)
Lemon G-13 (Greenest Green)
Best Edibles
DECA DOSE (Cheeba Chews)
Pecanna Bar (Standing Akimbo)
Mountain Medicine Blueberry Pie Bar (Good Chemistry)
Best Product
Incredibowl m420 (Incredibowl Industries)
Vortex Tubes (Hitman Glass)
Crucible Titanium Nail/Bar (Broadway Wellness)
Best Glass
D-Rock and Adam G. Worked Glass Bubbler (Lazy J's Smoke Shop)
Glass Oil Tube with attached Glass Blowtorch (Hitman Glass)
Incredibowl Sherlock (Incredibowl Industries)
Best Exhibitor Booth
Lazy J's Smoke Shop
Incredibowl Industries | 2010 |
48752779 | Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht | 2015-12-07 11:58:07+00:00 | Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht (case C-137/09) is a European Union law case from 2010, concerning cannabis and the free movement of services in the European Union. The Second Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union pronounced its ruling on 16 December 2010.
Netherlands prohibited marketing of marijuana, but tolerated by law. Municipal legislation in Maastricht limited access to marijuana cafes to residents only. Josemans, who ran a coffee shop selling marijuana, claimed that this prohibition contravened the freedom to provide services under TFEU article 56, and that it would have to be justified.
The Court of Justice, Second Chamber, held that TFEU article 56 could not be relied on to challenge municipal laws. Legislation restricting free movement of services was justified by the need to combat drug tourism.
63 In the present case, it is common ground that the rules at issue in the main proceedings are intended to put an end to the public nuisance caused by the large number of tourists wanting to purchase or consume cannabis in the coffee-shops in the municipality of Maastricht. According to the information provided by the Burgemeester van Maastricht at the hearing, the 14 coffee-shops in the municipality attract around 10 000 visitors per day and a little more than 3.9 million visitors per year, 70% of which are not resident in the Netherlands.
74 In the present case, it cannot be denied that the policy of tolerance applied by the Kingdom of the Netherlands with regard to the sale of cannabis encourages persons who are resident in other Member States to travel to that State, and more specifically to the municipalities in which coffee-shops are tolerated, in particular in border regions, in order to buy and consume that drug. Furthermore, according to the information in the case-file, some of those persons purchase cannabis in such establishments in order to export it illegally to other Member States.
75 It is indisputable that a prohibition on admitting non-residents to coffee-shops, such as that which is the subject-matter of the dispute in the main proceedings, constitutes a measure capable of substantially limiting drug tourism and, consequently, of reducing the problems it causes.
76 In that connection, it is important to point out that the discriminatory nature of the rules at issue in the main proceedings does not, on its own, mean that the way in which they pursue the intended objective is inconsistent. Although the Court took the view in Adoui and Cornuaille that a Member State cannot validly rely on grounds of public policy with regard to the behaviour of a non-national inasmuch as it does not adopt repressive measures or other genuine and effective measures with respect to the same conduct on the part of its own nationals, the fact remains that the dispute in the main proceedings is part of a different legal context.
77 As was pointed out in paragraph 36 of this judgment, there is, under international law and European Union law, a prohibition in all the Member States on marketing narcotic drugs, with the exception of strictly controlled trade for use for medical and scientific purposes. By contrast, prostitution, the behaviour referred to in Adoui and Cornuaille, aside from trafficking in human beings, is tolerated or regulated in a number of Member States (see, to that effect, Case C-268/99 Jany and Others [2001] ECR I‑8615, paragraph 57).
78 It cannot be held to be inconsistent for a Member State to adopt appropriate measures to deal with a large influx of residents from other Member States who wish to benefit from the marketing – tolerated in that Member State – of products which are, by their very nature, prohibited in all Member States from being offered for sale.
[...]
83 In such circumstances, it must be stated that rules such as those at issue in the main proceedings are suitable for attaining the objective of combating drug tourism and the accompanying public nuisance and do not go beyond what is necessary in order to attain it.
84 Having regard to all of the foregoing considerations, the answer to the second question is that Article 49 EC must be interpreted as meaning that rules such as those at issue in the main proceedings constitute a restriction on the freedom to provide services laid down by the EC Treaty. That restriction is, however, justified by the objective of combating drug tourism and the accompanying public nuisance.
The case has been criticised for its inconsistency on previous Court of Justice cases on illegal services. For example, De Witte writes the following.
The Court’s logic in Josemans, however, presumes that only residents are allowed to act in certain ways, and, conversely, that foreign residents are bound by limits to permissible behaviour from their home State even when they are abroad. The absurdity of this “logic” becomes clear quickly if we transpose it to different policy areas. It would presume, for example, that only German residents may drive 160 km/h on the autobahn, only Spanish residents can be a matador, or only Slovak residents are allowed to smoke in a bar in Bratislava. Equally, it entails that German residents may not play lasergames in Sofia, that Irish residents may not have an abortion in Stockholm, that a Swedish tourist may not buy alcohol in an off-licence in Firenze, and that his British friend must leave the pub there at 11pm. | 2010 |
40215057 | KannaLife | 2013-08-11 20:47:28+00:00 | Kannalife Sciences Inc. , a subsidiary of Neuropathix, Inc., is a bio-pharmaceutical and phyto-medical company based in Doylestown, Pennsylvania founded by Dean Petkanas and Thoma Kikis. Kannalife was formed in 2010 and is involved in the research and development of novel new therapeutic agents designed to reduce oxidative stress, and act as immuno-modulators and neuroprotectants.
In 2011, the company was granted an Exclusive License by National Institutes of Health – Office of Technology Transfer (NIH-OTT) for the Commercialization of patent US 6630507 , “Cannabinoids as Antioxidants and Neuroprotectants."
Kannalife is currently conducting research and development at the Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County in Doylestown, PA, for a target drug candidate, KLS-13019 to treat Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, Hepatic encephalopathy, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and CTE, an oxidative stress related disease that affects the cognitive and behavioral functions, and the wellness of the brain.
Kannalife was featured in Sports Illustrated article on using cannabinoids to treat Concussions and CTE. | 2010 |
27902510 | Medical Marijuana News & Reviews | 2010-06-30 21:08:25+00:00 | Medical Marijuana News & Reviews is a quarterly magazine published by High Times magazine through the company's West Coast office. The magazine focuses on the medical marijuana movement in America and includes information on dispensaries, medical cannabis activism and the efficacy of certain strains of marijuana in treating particular ailments.
While High Times magazine primarily focuses on marijuana cultivation and culture, Medical Marijuana News & Reviews' emphasis is on the legal issues and activism surrounding medical cannabis in America. High Times began publication of Medical Marijuana News & Reviews in early 2010. It featured the Cannabis Farmer's Market on the cover in late 2012 as the world's first legal venue of its kind. There are also reliable and legal Medical Cannabis Dispensaries in the United States. One of the main Medical Marijuana Dispensary is the Medical Marijuana Store which helps to provide Medical Marijuana and Cannabis oil to people in need. | 2010 |
73419113 | 3Sun | 2023-03-30 10:18:00+00:00 | 3Sun is a photovoltaic panel factory established in 2010 in Catania, Italy. In 2015, Enel Green Power became the company's sole shareholder. 3Sun was established as a joint venture by Enel Green Power, Sharp Corporation, and STMicroelectronics, each owning 33% of 3Sun. Between 2011 and 2014, 3Sun built a photovoltaic cell and module plant in Catania that employed thin-layer technology. Sharp contributes the amorphous silicon multi-junction thin-film technology, Enel Green Power manages the commercial distribution, and STMicroelectronics provides personnel specialized in processes and research and development. On March 6, 2015, Enel Green Power has been the sole owner of 3Sun.
In August 2018, the manufacturing of Heterojunction Technology (HJT) bifacial panels began, making 3Sun the world's most automated plant in the sector, with the ability to operate continuously. The first HJT cells were produced in February 2019 and mass production began in August 2019.
In April 2022, Enel Green Power signed a grant agreement with the European Commission for subsidized financing, as part of the EU's first Innovation Fund call for large-scale projects, contributing to the development of the TANGO (iTaliAN pv Giga factOry) project. This involves the construction of an industrial-scale production facility for the manufacturing of innovative, sustainable and high-performance photovoltaic (PV) modules at the 3Sun solar panel factory in Catania. | 2010 |
26802294 | Aurica Motors | 2010-04-02 20:04:44+00:00 | Aurica Motors, LLC was a start-up based out of Santa Clara, California that develops a proprietary electronic power train called the Aurica Recurve for electric cars. The company has stated its intention to partner with other investors to manufacture electric cars that utilize its electronic power train system. Aurica Motors is an offshoot of Aurica Labs, a research and development company started and funded by physicist Greg Bender.
On March 10, 2010, Aurica Motors was thrust into the public spotlight with the announcement of its intentions to save the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) automotive plant in Fremont, California from completely shutting down.
The NUMMI plant, a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors, opened in 1984 as an experiment to determine if unionized Americans could adapt Japanese production management practices. The plant rolled out its last vehicle on April 1, 2010, forcing 4,700 factory workers out and likely affecting thousands of part suppliers.
In the same March announcement, Aurica also stated its intention to work with the NUMMI workforce to retrain it for electric car development and find financial backing to retool the plant.
On May 20, 2010, both Tesla Motors and Toyota announced a joint effort to manufacture Tesla's electric vehicles at the former NUMMI plant. Under the agreement, Toyota bought $50 million of common stock from Tesla Motors. Tesla then purchased a portion of the NUMMI property including the plant, with the goal of retrofitting the plant for its future “smaller third-generation car,” putting an end to Aurica's bid for the NUMMI plant.
Aurica Motors was registered as a limited liability company in California on March 15, 2010. Five days earlier, the start-up publicly announced its long-term desire to save the NUMMI factory and thousands of plant and supplier jobs. “We want to keep the plant open, and we believe we have a very viable plan to do so by manufacturing electric cars,” said Matt Pitagora, general manager of Aurica. “It's all about keeping the lights on.”
Aurica said that it would finance such an endeavor with an aggressive campaign to garner Federal economic stimulus funding and find investors. The company estimated that it would need nearly $1 billion in combined financing to retrain workers and get the factory up and running. Aurica claimed to have begun negotiating with NUMMI in early 2010 to discuss the plant's future but a plant spokesman said on March 10 that “there has not been an opportunity for productive discussions with Aurica.”
Pitagora has so far refused to release details to the public on current investors and amount of financing already obtained.
On March 30, 2010, Aurica released a press release stating that it had gained two new partnerships to further their goals. The company announced that it partnered with the Clean Tech Institute (CTI) of San Jose, California to develop training curriculum on electric auto manufacturing with the intent of offering it to NUMMI plant staff. CTI released further details on its Web site indicating that it would offer two different intensive programs to NUMMI staff: a photovoltaic specialist course and a more entry-level electrical systems course.
Aurica also announced a partnership with Motive Industries, a specialized vehicle manufacturer based in Calgary, Canada. Motive has already supplied a series of concept car designs to Aurica for public display.
With the May 20, 2010 announcement of the purchase of the NUMMI plant by Tesla Motors, Aurica's bid to purchase the factory ended. However Aurica stated on its Web site that it would still attempt to work with former NUMMI employees to retrain them for “work manufacturing Aurica electric cars in the Silicon Valley.” The startup hasn't made it clear if it has alternative manufacturing sites in its future plans.
Aurica's base technology appears to be its Recurve Drive System, an “extended range, variable speed motor controller” that attaches to four independent electric motors connected to the wheels. The company states that the primary benefit is that “power doesn’t have to be transferred mechanically” to the wheels with such a system.
Aurica hopes to implement its Recurve Drive System into what it's calling the Aurica E-Car. The E-Car would have a standardized frame and drive system that would allow multiple body types to be fit on the chassis, even allowing for customized car and light truck bodies.
According to Aurica, each car would be run by its Power Exchange Package (PEP), an optimized, swappable and rechargeable battery pack that, when combined with its proprietary drive technology, would last up to twice as long as it would on its own. The battery could be recharged at home or swapped out at a special Aurica recharging station “in three minutes or less.” Aurica touts that its recharging stations would be powered with green energy.
The company also states that the car would optimally have regenerative braking, true radial steering, and an all-wheel drive system. No prototypes have been built, though auto designs have been posted by the company.
Since Aurica's announcement to save the NUMMI plant and the jobs associated with it, some critics have questioned the viability of the plan.
Edward Niedermeyer, journalist and editor-in-chief of The Truth About Cars, doubted Aurica's business plan, saying: “The idea that NUMMI’s 500k unit capacity could be used to build EVs 'within two years' as Aurica’s reps suggest, is laughable …especially considering that the $40k+ EV market already has a healthy number of contenders.” Despite this criticism, regardless of the unit volume capacity of the NUMMI facility, the May 20, 2010 purchase of the plant by Tesla Motors indicates that electric cars will be built there, albeit by Toyota and Tesla rather than Aurica Motors.
In an interview with the Oakland Tribune, NUMMI spokesman Lance Tomasu indicated that through the limited negotiations conducted with Aurica, he is “not sure whether their proposal is viable” enough to come up with the more than half billion dollars it would take to retrofit the plant.
John O’Dell of Green Car Advisor questioned how Aurica would be able to afford to run the 5,300,000 square feet (490,000 m2) NUMMI plant, estimating nearly $50 million a year in electricity costs alone. O’Dell also referenced a review of the plant by Tesla Motors, indicating that Tesla turned down an offer to utilize it because it was “about 10 times the size of a facility Tesla would need” to manufacture its cars. Despite this comment, Tesla Motors went on to buy the NUMMI plant in a joint venture with Toyota on May 20, 2010. Ricardo Reyes, a spokesman for Tesla, indicated to the New York Times that the plant's ability to manufacture “500,000 cars a year” made it attractive “as an investment in the future.” | 2010 |
46879846 | Carbon8 Aggregates | 2015-06-03 06:34:07+00:00 | Carbon8 Aggregates Ltd is a British company which applies patented "accelerated carbonation technology" to solidify waste residues produced by the incineration of garbage. Carbon8's accelerated carbonation processes make the wastes of garbage incineration cheaper to dispose of and produce aggregates which can then be used as construction materials. Carbon8 aggregates claim to be the world's first carbon negative aggregates. In 2012, the University of Greenwich said that the processes commercialised by Carbon8 Aggregates and its affiliate Carbon8 Systems also had potential use in the management of nuclear wastes. As of 2015, Carbon8 Aggregates are producing aggregates at a facility in Brandon, Suffolk and another facility at Avonmouth near Bristol is under construction.
Accelerated Carbonation Technology (ACT) was first developed by researchers working at UCL and the University of Greenwich. Research into the use of ACT in the treatment of municipal solid waste was received in 2002 and augmented with further industrial funding. Dr Colin Hills, Director of the Centre for Contaminated Land Remediation at the University of Greenwich' was responsible for patenting Accelerated Carbonation Technology (ACT). In 2006 the company Carbon8 Systems Ltd was created to commercialise the processes for waste treatment applications with the University of Greenwich retaining a "significant" stake in the new company. Hills became the Technical Director of Carbon8 Systems and chemical engineer Stefaan Simons became the company's Director of Engineering. Paula Carey became its Managing Director in 2007.
The commercial prospects of ACT attracted the interest of Grundon Waste Management, which subsequently invested millions of pounds in the establishment of a new company, Carbon8 Aggregates Ltd. The company was founded in May 2010 and the first location to commercially utilise Carbon8 technology was Grundon's energy-from-waste plant at Colnbrook.
In 2012, an accelerated carbonation plant was commissioned in Brandon, Suffolk, beside Lignacite's masonry plant. A partnership between Carbon8 Aggregates Ltd and Lignacite Ltd resulted in the development of the Carbon Buster building block. The block was claimed by its inventors to be the first carbon-negative building material of its kind. In 2014, a second line was added to the plant, to meet increasing demand. The plant in Brandon receives flue gas treatment (FGT) residues from the Colnbrook incinerator to process into Carbon Buster blocks.
Another Carbon8 Aggregates (C8A) plant was approved for construction at Avondale near Bristol in January 2015. | 2010 |
38155222 | Clean Energy Collective | 2013-01-07 08:19:04+00:00 | The Clean Energy Collective (CEC) was an American clean energy company based in Louisville, Colorado, active from 2010 until its filing for bankruptcy in 2020.
The Clean Energy Collective was a company that focused on the development, operation, and maintenance of community-based clean energy facilities.
As part of their services, the organization provided a software solution known as the Community Solar Platform (CSP) to its cooperative members. This software was designed to calculate energy production and monthly credits for participants, and it was complemented by a smartphone application.
The CSP was a service that allowed users to purchase and use solar panels without physically attaching them to their property. Solar panel owners were paid in electricity credits for the value of the electricity generated.
In 2012, Sooper Credit Union of Arvada, Colorado, agreed to offer long-term loans to consumers and businesses that buy into CEC community-owned solar gardens.
Con Edison Clean Energy Businesses (Con Edison CEB), formed in 2016 and a wholly owned subsidiary of Consolidated Edison, Inc. (ConEd), "purchased a portfolio of Community Solar projects in development from Clean Energy Collective, LLC" in 2020.
The Clean Energy Collective partnered with local utilities, including Holy Cross Energy, Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (PVREA), and the Wright-Hennepin Cooperative Electric Association.
In 2014, solar manufacturer First Solar took a minority equity position in Clean Energy Collective. It announced a "strategic partnership to develop and market" community solar gardens for utilities.
In 2020, Clean Energy Collective filed for bankruptcy. | 2010 |
30804315 | Eco Marine Power | 2011-02-09 09:05:12+00:00 | Eco Marine Power, a company based in Fukuoka, Japan, develops and markets renewable energy based systems for ships and other vessels. The company's technologies use wind, solar and electric power to develop more energy efficient vessels with smaller carbon footprints.
Founded in July 2010 in Fukuoka, Japan by Ohori Capital, Eco Marine Power aims to provide green power options for vessels and ships. The company is currently bring to market a system that can be used on larger vessels such as bulk carriers and cruise liners. This patented system is known as Aquarius MRE (Marine Renewable Energy).
Eco Marine Power has been internationally recognised for its innovative designs & solutions. The company been nominated for a number of awards including the Katerva Awards (2012) and Sustainable Shipping Awards (2011). It was also the recipient of a 2012 Solutions Inspiring Action Award from the Savannah Oceans Exchange.
In July 2010, Eco Marine Power started a project to create a system for use in large vessels that utilizes wind power and solar energy. Being designed for installation on existing vessels, the system will require little maintenance from ships’ crews. A prototype of the system, scheduled for release in early 2018, will be tested and evaluated on the ocean before receiving a full commercial release.
The company announced in February 2011 that they would continue working on the project after completing a successful feasibility study. In 2016 the company announced it had been granted a patent covering elements of its renewable energy system for ships - Aquarius MRE.
The patented Aquarius Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) is an advanced integrated system of rigid sails, marine-grade solar panels, energy storage modules, charging system and marine computers that enables ships to tap into renewable energy by harnessing the power provided by the wind and sun. The array of rigid sails are automatically positioned by a computer system to best suit the prevailing weather conditions and can be lowered and stored when not in use or in bad weather.The rigid sails are based on EMP's EnergySail® technology and these renewable energy devices can even be used when a ship is at anchor or in harbour. Each EnergySail can be configured with a mix of sensors, photovoltaic panels or other power generation devices. Clearly the EnergySail is unlike any other sail. For more information see:Aquarius MRE
On the 26th May 2021, ClassNK of Japan granted AiP to “Aquarius Marine Renewable Energy with EnergySail”.
In 2015 the company deployed the first of its marine solar power solutions for ships - Aquarius Marine Solar Power. The first system was installed on a high speed car and passenger ferry in Greece. The ship was the Blue Star Delos and is owned and operated by Blue Star Ferries. Aquarius Marine Solar Power Gets Class Approval
The Aquarius Eco Ship is a low emission design concept that incorporates EMP's technologies along with fuel cells. low power lighting and other energy efficiency measures. The design concept is based on a large bulk carrier or general cargo ship but could also be applied to other ship types such as Pure Car and Truck Carriers (PCTC), Roll On/Roll Off vessels (RoRo) or oil and LNG tankers. A central feature of the concept is the use of EMP's Aquarius MRE system which brings together rigid sails, energy storage, solar power and computer automation technologies. Other companies involved in the project include Teramoto Iron Works, The Furukawa Battery Company and KEI System.
In January 2011, the company unveiled a detailed design for its new Tonbo HMP ferry, with a 250-person carrying capacity, aimed at the tourist vessel market. The ship uses lithium batteries that are charged from solar panels on its roof, and also includes an onboard biofuel generator. The Tonbo's solar panels allow the ship to travel in areas with bridges. The energy management system on the ship is designed to provide a healthy return on investment.
Eco Marine Power (EMP) partners include KEI System, Teramoto Iron Works and The Furukawa Battery Company. The Furukawa Battery Company provides batteries for EMP's Aquarius Marine Solar Power and Aquarius MRE. KEI System co-develops monitoring & automation systems with EMP and Teramoto Iron Works is the manufacturing center for battery frames, solar panels frames and the EnergySail®.
In partnership with Ohori Capital, Eco Marine Power is promoting environmentally friendly marine power solutions in Japan and globally.
Yoshitaka Teramoto [President - Teramoto Iron Works Co. Ltd.]
Hidenori Matsumoto [Certified Public Accountant]
Akihito Suzuki [CEO - ELT Inc]
Greg Atkinson [Founder & Chief Technology Officer - Eco Marine Power]
Source: Eco Marine Power Advisory Board
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Atkinson, Gregory Mark (October 6, 2016). "Analysis of marine solar power trials on Blue Star Delos". Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology. 15 (3): 115–123. doi:10.1080/20464177.2016.1246907.
"The Aquarius: Powering Ships with Renewable Energy". NauticExpo eMagazine. September 15, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
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"Solar Sails Unfurl in Bid to Make Shipping Green: Q&A". Bloomberg NEF. August 6, 2019. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
"Eco Marine Power Media Coverage". Eco Marine Power. July 2, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021. | 2010 |
46516883 | Bundesvision Song Contest 2010 | 2015-04-14 21:06:37+00:00 | The Bundesvision Song Contest 2010 was the sixth edition of the annual Bundesvision Song Contest musical event. The contest was held on 1 October 2010 at the Max-Schmeling-Halle, Berlin, following Peter Fox's win in the 2009 contest in Brandenburg with the song "Schwarz zu blau". This was the second time that Berlin had hosted the contest, after previously hosting in 2007. The contest was hosted by Stefan Raab, Johanna Klum, and Elton in the green room.
The participants were announced online on the TV total website on 31 May 2010, the Monday after the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in which Germany had won with help from Stefan Raab's involvement in their national selection, Unser Star für Oslo.
The winner of the Bundesvision Song Contest 2010 was Unheilig with the song "Unter deiner Flagge", representing North Rhine-Westphalia. In second place was Silly representing Saxony-Anhalt, and third place to Ich + Ich feat. Mohamed Mounir representing Berlin. Unheilig, and Silly formed a leading group from the start of voting, that lasted until the end, with the two bands being separated by 12 points, and over 50 points separating them from third place. Many of Silly's highest points came from the new states of Germany (including Berlin) from the former East Germany, due to the band's popularity, they also received the highest ever score for runner-up, earning more points than winning artists from 2006 to 2008.
9 of the 16 states awarded themselves the maximum of 12 points, with Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, and Saxony awarding themselves 10, 10, 8, 10, 4, 10, and 8 points respectively.
It is worth noting that the entry representing Lower Saxony, "So geht das jede Nacht," was in fact a cover of one of the first German entries at the Eurovision Song Contest. It was performed originally by Freddy Quinn as the second of Germany's two entries at the first-ever contest in 1956. | 2010 |
25711930 | Cân i Gymru 2010 | 2010-01-07 07:09:37+00:00 | Cân i Gymru 2010 was the forty-first edition of S4C's Cân i Gymru, an annual Welsh singing contest. The 2010 edition was broadcast live on 28 February 2010 from Venue Cymru, Llandudno. The show was also available to watch online as well as a live radio commentary. The winner was given an invitation to represent Wales at the Pan Celtic Festival.
S4C and Avanti invited composers and authors to send in their songs from 15 October 2009 and were given a closing date of 11 December 2009. Songs had to be submitted on a CD, cassette or MP3 file along with a submission form. Other rules stated that:
the song must be in Welsh
entrants must be over 16 on the closing date
the lyrics and song must be original
the song must not have been made available before the closing date
A panel of judges will evaluate each entry before submitting a shortlist of eight songs which will be chosen to be performed live on the show. The winning composer(s)/author(s) will be awarded £10,000 and an invitation to enter their song into the Pan Celtic Festival in Ireland. The second place entry will receive a £2,000 prize.
Former Catatonia band member Owen Powell will chair the Cân i Gymru jury and he said of the 2010 show "Cân i Gymru is a unique competition which offers both budding and established composers the chance to gain wider recognition for their work. The live final is always a fantastic occasion – and with a top prize of £10,000 as well as the chance to represent Wales in Ireland, I’m confident the response this year will be as strong as ever."
The winner of Cân i Gymru 2010 will be decided by a 50% jury vote and 50% televote. | 2010 |
34605405 | Sanremo Music Festival 2010 | 2012-02-05 00:26:43+00:00 | The Sanremo Music Festival 2010 (Italian: Festival di Sanremo 2010), officially the 60th Italian Song Festival (60º Festival della canzone italiana), was the 60th annual Sanremo Music Festival, held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo between 16 February 2010 and 20 February 2010 and broadcast by Rai 1. It was presented by Antonella Clerici, while the artistic director was Gianmarco Mazzi.
As in most of the previous years, the competition was divided in two sections. The Big Artists section, including 15 established Italian artists, was won by Valerio Scanu with the song "Per tutte le volte che...", while the Newcomers section was won by Tony Maiello with "Il linguaggio della resa". For the first time, the rules of the festival were modified so that songs with lyrics in an Italian regional language or written by non-Italian writers were allowed to compete in the festival. Moreover, the songs performed by the artists competing in the Newcomers' section were allowed to be released before the festival's first night.
On 2 September 2009, Antonella Clerici was officially announced as the presenter of the Sanremo Music Festival 2010, while Gianmarco Mazzi was confirmed as the artistic and musical director of the show. Rumours about Clerici's involvement in the show started in June 2009. It was the second Sanremo Music Festival presented by Antonella Clerici, after 2005's edition, presented alongside Paolo Bonolis.
The authors of the show were Ivano Balduini, Matteo Catalano, Massimo Cotto, Simona Ercolani, Cesare Lanza, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Luca Parenti and Francesco Valitutti.
The Sanremo Festival Orchestra was conducted by Marco Sabiu, while Daniel Ezralow was for the first time the choreographer of the show.
For the seventeenth time, the scenography was created by Gaetano Castelli.
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SanremoLab
The artists competing in the newcomers section were chosen through the contests SanremoLab and Sanremo New Generation. The selection for the contest SanremoLab, organized by the Comune di Sanremo, took place between October and December 2009. 312 artists participated in the selections, and the 8 finalists of the contest—Divario, Davide Fasulo, Giops, Maya, Erika Mineo, Jacopo Ratini, Romeus and Donato Santoianni—were chosen on 12 December 2009 by a jury presided by music journalist Paolo Giordano and including Francesco Mandelli, Bruno Santori, Nicoletta Deponti, Luigi Grasso, Federica Gentile and Elena Di Cioccio. A few hours later, Jacopo Ratini and Romeus, performing "Su questa panchina" and "Come l'autunno" respectively, were chosen by the SanremoAcademy jury and announced as the two winners of the contest, becoming the first two confirmed artists competing in the newcomers section of the Sanremo Music Festival 2012.
Sanremo New Generation
The contest Sanremo New Generation was organized by RAI, and it was held between December 2009 and January 2010.
The 988 songs competing in the contest were published on the Sanremo Music Festival official website on 3 December 2009. A jury, composed of Massimo Cotto, Gigio D'Ambrosio, Andrea Lo Vecchio and Mariolina Simone later selected the 8 winning acts, chosen as the last performers competing in the newcomers section of the Sanremo Music Festival 2010. The winners of the contest—Tony Maiello, Nina Zilli, Nicolas Bonazzi, Jessica Brando, Broken Heart College, Mattia De Luca, La Fame Di Camilla and Luca Marino—were announced on 12 January 2010, through the Sanremo Music Festival official website.
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One of the acts competing in the Big Artists section was selected through the third series of X Factor. The final of the talent show took place on 2 December 2009, and Marco Mengoni was announced the winner, becoming the first confirmed artist competing in the Sanremo Music Festival 2010. The remaining artists were selected through an internal selection. The complete list of the artists participating in the Big Artists section of the Sanremo Music Festival 2010 was announced on 18 December 2009. Alongside Mengoni, the list included Arisa, Malika Ayane, Simone Cristicchi, Toto Cutugno, Nino D'Angelo, Irene Grandi, Morgan, Fabrizio Moro, Irene Fornaciari with Nomadi, Noemi, Povia, the trio composed of Pupo, Emanuele Filiberto and Luca Canonici, Enrico Ruggeri, Valerio Scanu and Sonohra.
However, in early February 2010, Morgan was ejected from the competition, following an interview released to the Italian magazine Max, in which he admitted that he had used drugs as an antidepressant. Morgan was not replaced by any other artist, therefore the number of contestants was reduced to fifteen.
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Big Artists section
During the first night, each act in the "Big Artists Section" performed for the first time the competing song. Immediately after the performance, each song was ranked by a jury composed of 300 people between the age of 16 and 85 years, selected by Ipsos among music listeners. At the end of the night, the three songs receiving the lowest points—Toto Cutugno's "Aeroplani", Nino D'Angelo's "Jammo jà" and "Italia amore mio" by Pupo, Emanuele Filiberto and Luca Canonici—were eliminated from the competition.
Guests and other performances
Paolo Bonolis and Luca Laurenti opened the show, presenting the first part of the night and performing a comic piece. Laurenti also performed the song "Crazy Little Thing Called Love".
Italian football player Antonio Cassano was interviewed by Antonella Clerici during the first night of the show.
British singer Susan Boyle performed the song "I Dreamed a Dream" from the musical Les Misérables.
American burlesque dancer Dita Von Teese performed her signature number, dancing in a giant champagne glass.
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Big Artists section
On 17 February 2010, the acts in the Big Artists section that were not eliminated during the first night performed for the second time the competing song. As in the first night, the songs were ranked by a jury of 300 people selected by Ipsos. Valerio Scanu's "Per tutte le volte che" and Sonohra's "Baby" were the two songs receiving the lowest votes, therefore they were eliminated from the competition.
Newcomers section
At the end of the second night, the first five acts in the newcomers section performed their entries. A ranking was compiled, based on televoting and on the votes that each artist received by the Sanremo Festival Orchestra musicians. Only the two songs receiving the most votes—"L'uomo che amava le donne" by Nina Zilli and "Non mi dai pace" by Luca Marino—were admitted to the final of the newcomers section, held on 19 February 2010.
Notes
^1 In the beginning, it was announced that Romeus would have performed during the night but he was replaced at the last moment by Jacopo Ratini, following a protest by recording label Sugar Music, asking to allow to its two artists—Romeus and Mattia De Luca—to perform during two different nights.
Guests and other performances
Sixteen dancers from the popular French cabaret Moulin Rouge opened the show, introduced by Daniel Ezralow. They later danced the can-can, together with presenter Antonella Clerici.
Queen Rania of Jordan was interviewed by Antonella Clerici.
Italian popera singers Piero Barone, Ignazio Boschetto and Gianluca Ginoble performed the song "'O Sole Mio" in front of Queen Rania of Jordan. They also performed the popular Mexican song "Granada" and Claudio Villa's "Un amore così grande".
The last guest of the night was American actress Michelle Rodriguez, interviewed by Antonella Clerici. During the interview, some scenes from James Cameron's film Avatar were shown.
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Repechage round
During the third night, the five acts eliminated during the previous nights performed again their entries, dueting with a guest artist. Each artist was voted by the musicians of the Sanremo Festival Orchestra, and the result was combined with televoting. The top two artists, Valerio Scanu and the trio composed of Pupo, Emanuele Filiberto and Luca Canonici, were reinstated in the competition.
Guests and other performances
After the repechage round, the 60th edition of the Sanremo Music Festival was celebrated by several guests, performing popular songs which competed in the contests held during the previous year. This part of the night was titled Quando la musica diventa leggenda (English: When music becomes legendary).
Elisa performed her hit "Luce (Tramonti a nord est)", which won the Sanremo Music Festival 2001, and Sergio Endrigo's "Canzone per te", originally performed during the Sanremo Music Festival 1968. She also performed a medley of the songs "Ti vorrei sollevare", "Anche se non trovi le parole" and "Your Manifesto", included in her 2009's album Heart.
Fiorella Mannoia covered "E se domani", originally performed by Fausto Cigliano and Gene Pitney during the Sanremo Music Festival 1964, but better known for the version released by Mina soon after the end of the contest. She later performed Negramaro's "Estate", also included in her album Ho imparato a sognare.
Miguel Bosé covered "Non ho l'età", the song winning the Sanremo Music Festival 1964 and originally performed by Gigliola Cinquetti. Bosé also presented his new single "Por tì", from the album Cardio.
Edoardo Bennato performed Luigi Tenco's "Ciao amore ciao", presented during the Sanremo Music Festival 1967. He later sang a medley including three of his hits, "Un giorno credi", "Il rock del Capitan Uncino" and "È lei".
Massimo Ranieri sang "Io che non vivo (senza te)", performed by Pino Donaggio during the Sanremo Music Festival 1965, and "Perdere l'amore", the song with which Ranieri won the Sanremo Music Festival 19880.
After performing her single "Mandami una cartolina", Carmen Consoli performed Nilla Pizzi's "Grazie dei fiori", the song winning the first Sanremo Music Festival in 1951. Pizzi joined Consoli on stage, and she performed her 1952's entry "Vola colomba", which won first place during the second Sanremo Music Festival.
Riccardo Cocciante performed Modugno's 1958 winning entry, "Nel blu dipinto di blu", his song "Se stiamo insieme", which won the Sanremo Music Festival 1991, and some tracks from the soundtrack of his musical Giulietta e Romeo.
Francesco Renga performed the song "La voce del silenzio", presented by Tony Del Monaco and Dionne Warwick during the Sanremo Music Festival 1968, "L'immensità" by Don Backy and Johnny Dorelli, competing in the Sanremo Music Festival 1967, and his 2005's winning entry "Angelo".
Fiorella Mannoia and Elisa came back on stage, performing together "Almeno tu nell'universo" by Mia Martini. The song was performed for the first time during the Sanremo Music Festival 1989.
Newcomers section
At the end of the night, the last five newcomers performed their entries. After being voted by the Sanremo Music Festival, the results were combined with televoting, and the bottom three artists were eliminated from the competition. The eliminated acts were Nicolas Bonazzi, La Fame Di Camilla and Romeus.
Notes
^1 Fifteen years-old singer Jessica Brando could not perform live during the night, since the performances by the guest artists ended later than scheduled, and it is forbidden for people under the age of 18 to perform live during a TV show after midnight. For that reason, Brando's performance was replaced by a clip, recorded during the rehearsal of the show, in which she sang her entry.
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Big artists section
During the fourth night, each one of the artists still in competition performed the competing song together with one or more guests. A ranking was compiled, based on televoting and on the preferences expressed by the Sanremo Festival Orchestra, and the ten artists receiving the most votes were admitted to the final of the show, held on 20 February 2010. The eliminated artists were Enrico Ruggeri, performing "La notte delle fate", and Fabrizio Moro, singing "Non è una canzone".
Newcomers section
At the end of the night, the four finalists in the newcomers section performed their entries for the last time, and the final ranking was compiled, by combining the votes expressed by the Sanremo Festival Orchestra with televoting. Tony Maiello's "Il linguaggio della resa" was declared the winner.
Guests and other performances
French DJ Bob Sinclar opened the night, performing with Steve Edwards the hit single "World, Hold On (Children of the Sky)".
American singer Jennifer Lopez, after performing her song "(What Is) Love?", was interviewed by Antonella Clerici.
Italian comedian Giovanni Vernia played his character Johnny Groove during the night.
Actress Cristiana Capotondi was interviewed during the night, promoting the TV series Sisi.
At the end of the night, German pop rock band Tokio Hotel performed the song "World Behind My Wall".
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First round
During the fifth night, the competition involved the Big Artists section only. The ten remaining songs were performed and, after being voted by the Sanremo Festival Orchestra, the results were combined with televoting, determining the three artists competing in the second round. The top three artists were Marco Mengoni, Valerio Scanu and the trio composed of Pupo, Emanuele Filiberto and Luca Canonici.
Second round
At the end of the night, the top three contestants performed for the last time their entries, and televoting determined the winner of the Sanremo Music Festival. The song receiving the most votes was "Per tutte le volte che..." by Valerio Scanu.
Guests and other performances
Actor Emilio Solfrizzi appeared during the night, dancing to the song "Shava Shava" and promoting the Italian series Tutti pazzi per amore.
The dancers who were supposed to appear in Michael Jackson's This Is It concerts starting from July 2009 performed a number during the show, dancing to a medley including some of Jackson's most popular songs. The choreographer Travis Payne was later interviewed by Antonella Clerici.
Italian showgirl Lorella Cuccarini performed a choreography from the musical Il pianeta proibito by Luca Tommassini.
Some of the singers competing in the previous series of the talent show Ti lascio una canzone covered a few popular Italian song.
Mary J. Blige performed her single "Each Tear". Clerici revealed that she was supposed to duet with Italian singer Tiziano Ferro, but his appearance was canceled following a laryngitis.
Italian TV presenter Maurizio Costanzo appeared during the night, talking about current occupation problems in Italy and interviewing three employers working at Fiat's manufacturing facility in Termini Imerese. He also briefly interviewed politicians Pierluigi Bersani and Claudio Scajola, who were sitting in the audience.
Tony Maiello, who was declared the winner of the newcomers section during the previous night, performed again his entry, "Il linguaggio della resa".
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Big Artists section
Newcomers section
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Big Artists section
Newcomers section
At the end of the first round of the final, when the top three artists were revealed, the musicians of the Sanremo Festival Orchestra, who contributed determining the final ranking, protested against the announced result, throwing their sheet music on stage. Particularly, they booed when it was announced that Malika Ayane's song "Ricomincio da qui" was not admitted to the second round of the competition. The protest was also supported by most of the journalists attending the event. Orchestra conductor Marco Sabiu explained that their votes were completely different from the final outcome of the competition, which was strongly changed by televoting, and he asked that the detailed results, including the ranking determined by the Sanremo Festival Orchestra only, were released. Artistic director Gianmarco Mazzi refused to do so, claiming that, according to the rules of the 2010s contest, partial rankings were not supposed to be revealed. For that reason, the detailed results were never revealed by RAI.
Mazzi later criticized televoting as a mechanism for determining the winner of the contest, but also explained that he expected more responsible behavior from the musicians of the Sanremo Festival Orchestra.
On 22 February 2010, Enzo Mazza, chairman of the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, praised the protest by the musicians of the Sanremo Festival Orchestra, claiming that "it gave back dignity to the Italian music industry, which is used to be subject to everything".
During the TV show Striscia la notizia, a call center worker claimed that one of the contestants of the Sanremo Music Festival 2010 bought votes to gain positions in the final ranking. | 2010 |
25844345 | List of Argentine films of 2010 | 2010-01-17 23:37:53+00:00 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2010: | 2010 |
26589873 | List of Australian films of 2010 | 2010-03-17 14:21:32+00:00 | 2010 |
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39366987 | List of Bangladeshi films of 2010 | 2013-05-12 11:12:03+00:00 | This is a list of Bangladeshi films that were released in 2010. | 2010 |
34475612 | List of Brazilian films of 2010 | 2012-01-24 00:18:33+00:00 | A list of Brazilian films released in 2010: | 2010 |
28535670 | The Gambia at the 2010 Commonwealth Games | 2010-08-25 09:49:23+00:00 | The Gambia competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. The Queen's baton traveled to the Gambia as part of the Queen's Baton Relay in anticipation of the games. The 2008 Commonwealth Games Federation General Assembly was hosted by Gambia, hosting members from the Commonwealth Games Associations. It sent 17 players. | 2010 |
28515296 | The Gambia at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics | 2010-08-24 12:27:21+00:00 | The Gambia participated in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore.
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Track and Road Events
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Track and Road Events | 2010 |
64397242 | 2010 Zanzibari general election | 2020-06-27 17:20:15+00:00 | General elections were held in Zanzibar on 31 October 2010 alongside the 2010 Tanzanian general elections. Amani Abeid Karume the president of Zanzibar stepped down after completing 2 terms in office. The presidential elections were won by Ali Mohamed Shein of Chama Cha Mapinduzi. Zanzibar elections have always been highly contests and have always been subject to post election violence.
To defuse the tensions a Unity government to be formed after the election was proposed, which was put into place after the 2010 Zanzibari government of national unity referendum was overwhelmingly accepted by the population.
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28655813 | 2010 in Japan | 2010-09-01 03:51:45+00:00 | Events in the year 2010 in Japan.
Emperor – Akihito
Prime Minister – Yukio Hatoyama (Democratic Party–Hokkaidō) until June 8, Naoto Kan (Democratic Party–Tokyo)
Chief Cabinet Secretary: Hirofumi Hirano (D–Ōsaka) until January 7, Yoshito Sengoku (D–Tokushima)
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Hironobu Takesaki
President of the House of Representatives: Takahiro Yokomichi (D–Hokkaidō)
President of the House of Councillors: Satsuki Eda (D–Okayama) until July 25, Takeo Nishioka (D–proportional) from July 30
Diet sessions: 174th (regular, January 18 to June 16), 175th (extraordinary, July 30 to August 6), 176th (extraordinary, October 1 to December 3)
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Aichi Prefecture: Masaaki Kanda
Akita Prefecture: Norihisa Satake
Aomori Prefecture: Shingo Mimura
Chiba Prefecture: Kensaku Morita
Ehime Prefecture: Moriyuki Kato (until 30 November); Tokihiro Nakamura (starting 1 December)
Fukui Prefecture: Issei Nishikawa
Fukuoka Prefecture: Wataru Asō
Fukushima Prefecture: Yūhei Satō
Gifu Prefecture: Hajime Furuta
Gunma Prefecture: Masaaki Osawa
Hiroshima Prefecture: Hidehiko Yuzaki
Hokkaido: Harumi Takahashi
Hyogo Prefecture: Toshizō Ido
Ibaraki Prefecture: Masaru Hashimoto
Ishikawa Prefecture: Masanori Tanimoto
Iwate Prefecture: Takuya Tasso
Kagawa Prefecture: Takeki Manabe (until 4 September); Keizō Hamada (starting 5 September)
Kagoshima Prefecture: Satoshi Mitazono
Kanagawa Prefecture: Shigefumi Matsuzawa
Kochi Prefecture: Masanao Ozaki
Kumamoto Prefecture: Ikuo Kabashima
Kyoto Prefecture: Keiji Yamada
Mie Prefecture: Akihiko Noro (until 20 April); Eikei Suzuki (starting 21 April)
Miyagi Prefecture: Yoshihiro Murai
Miyazaki Prefecture: Hideo Higashikokubaru
Nagano Prefecture: Jin Murai (until 31 August); Shuichi Abe (starting 1 September)
Nagasaki Prefecture: Genjirō Kaneko (until 1 March); Hōdō Nakamura (starting 2 March)
Nara Prefecture: Shōgo Arai
Niigata Prefecture: Hirohiko Izumida
Oita Prefecture: Katsusada Hirose
Okayama Prefecture: Masahiro Ishii
Okinawa Prefecture: Hirokazu Nakaima
Osaka Prefecture:Tōru Hashimoto
Saga Prefecture: Yasushi Furukawa
Saitama Prefecture: Kiyoshi Ueda
Shiga Prefecture: Yukiko Kada
Shiname Prefecture: Zenbe Mizoguchi
Shizuoka Prefecture: Heita Kawakatsu
Tochigi Prefecture: Tomikazu Fukuda
Tokushima Prefecture: Kamon Iizumi
Tokyo: Shintarō Ishihara
Tottori Prefecture: Shinji Hirai
Toyama Prefecture: Takakazu Ishii
Wakayama Prefecture: Yoshinobu Nisaka
Yamagata Prefecture: Mieko Yoshimura
Yamaguchi Prefecture: Sekinari Nii
Yamanashi Prefecture: Shōmei Yokouchi
January 1 – The towns of Nijō and Shima merged with the city of Maebaru to form the city of Itoshima.
January 3 – Japan doubles a state-sponsored credit line to troubled airline Japan Airlines to ¥200bn (US$2.2bn).
January 6 – Japanese Finance Minister Hirohisa Fujii resigns at the age of 77 due to ill health.
January 12 – A gunman kills three people at a bar in Habikino, Japan, before turning the gun on himself.
January 19 – Japanese air carrier Japan Airlines files for bankruptcy protection.
February 1 – The town of Kozakai merged into the city of Toyokawa.
May 20 – JAXA successfully launched the venus probe Akatsuki (formerly "Planet-C").
April 17 – Snowfall in central Tokyo matches a record set in April 1967.
April 25 – Nearly 100,000 people rally in Okinawa, Japan, demanding the removal of an American base from the island.
June – September – According to Japanese government and Japan Meteorological Agency official confirmed report massive heat wave and extreme high temperature hit around Japan, total 1,731 person were human fatalities relative heat stroke.
June 2 – Prime minister Yukio Hatoyama announced that he would be resigning as Prime Minister.
June 4 – Naoto Kan is elected as the leader of the Democratic Party and therefore as Prime Minister of Japan, defeating Shinji Tarutoko.
June 13 – The first Japanese asteroid probe, Hayabusa returned to Earth, after having landed on 25143 Itokawa in an effort to collect samples.
July 11 – House of Councillors election
August 9 – Japan marks the 65th anniversary of the 1945 atomic bombing of Nagasaki.
September 11 – Jordan signs a nuclear co-operation treaty with Japan to build a nuclear power plant within 10 years.
September 14 – Naoto Kan is reelected as the leader of the Democratic Party of Japan and therefore as Prime Minister of Japan, defeating powerbroker Ichiro Ozawa.
October 20 - Devastating floods and landslide in Amami Island, 3 people die.
December 7 – The spacecraft Akatsuki reaches Venus but fails to enter orbit around the planet.
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February 21 – In the 2010 Nagasaki gubernatorial election former vice governor Hōdō Nakamura is elected as successor of retiring incumbent Genjirō Kaneko.
March 14 – Governor Masanori Tanimoto of Ishikawa is reelected for a fifth term.
April 11 – 2010 Kyōto gubernatorial election: Incumbent Keiji Yamada wins a third term with support from both major parties.
July 11 – In the 2010 Shiga gubernatorial election, center-left supported governor Yukiko Kada is reelected against LDP supported former national representative Ken'ichirō Ueno and a Communist candidate.
August 8 – 2010 Nagano gubernatorial election: Supported by the center-left parties, Shuichi Abe, formerly vice governor under polarising governor Yasuo Tanaka, narrowly beats LDP supported outgoing vice governor Yoshimasa Koshihara by 5.000 votes to succeed retiring incumbent Jin Murai who had defeated Tanaka in 2006.
August 29 – 2010 Kagawa gubernatorial election: With broad support from the non-Communist parties Keizō Hamada is elected to succeed governor Takeki Manabe who retired after three terms.
October 31 – Governor Yūhei Satō of Fukushima is reelected against only one Communist challenger.
November 28 – 2010 Wakayama gubernatorial election: Incumbent Yoshinobu Nisaka is reelected with centre-right support; 2010 Ehime gubernatorial election: Tokihiro Nakamura is elected to succeed retiring governor Moriyuki Kato; 2010 Okinawan gubernatorial election: Governor Hirokazu Nakaima defeats anti-USMC-base candidate Yōichi Iha.
December 12 – 2010 Ibaraki prefectural election: With 39 percent of the vote, the LDP wins 33 of 65 seats and defends its majority.
December 26 – In the 2010 Miyazaki gubernatorial election, vice governor Shunji Kōno wins a clear victory; incumbent comedian and former governor Hideo Higashikokubaru had retired after only one term in office.
Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki: 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners.
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January 1 – Tetsuo Narikawa, Japanese actor and karate instructor. (born 1944)
January 4 – Tsutomu Yamaguchi, Japanese survivor of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings (born 1916)
January 13 – Isamu Tanonaka, Japanese voice actor (born 1932)
January 16 – Takumi Shibano, Japanese novelist (born 1926)
January 17 – Maki Asakawa, Japanese singer (born 1942)
January 17 – Daisuke Gōri, Japanese voice actor (born 1952)
January 28 – Keiko Tobe, Japanese manga artist (born 1957)
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February 1 – Atsushi Kuroi, Japanese professional drifting driver (born 1969)
February 5 – Hiroyuki Oze, Japanese baseball player (born 1985)
February 8 – Wahei Tatematsu, Japanese novelist (born 1948)
February 11 – Umetsugu Inoue, Japanese film director (born 1923)
February 17 – Makoto Fujita, Japanese actor and comedian (born 1933)
February 26 – Nujabes, Japanese hip hop composer (born 1974)
February 28 – Chushiro Hayashi, Japanese astrophysicist (born 1920)
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March 4 – Tetsuo Kondo, Japanese politician, former Minister of Labour (born 1929)
March 16 – Hachiro Maekawa, Japanese baseball player (born 1912)
March 21 – Takeo Kimura, Japanese art director (born 1918)
March 23 – Jiro Nagasawa, Japanese Olympic swimmer and national coach (born 1932)
March 26 – Kwon Hyi-ro, Japanese-born Korean murderer (born 1928)
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April 3 – Yasunori Watanabe, Japanese rugby player (born 1974)
April 4 – Shio Satō, Japanese manga artist (born 1952)
April 6 – Katsumi Nishikawa, Japanese film director (born 1918)
April 7 – Takuya Kimura, Japanese baseball player and coach (born 1972)
April 9 – Hisashi Inoue, Japanese pacifist playwright (born 1934)
April 10 – Hiro Muramoto, Japanese news cameraman and journalist (born 1966)
April 20 – Mr. Hito, Japanese professional wrestler (born 1942)
April 27 – Tanie Kitabayashi, Japanese actress (born 1911)
April 30 – Tadahiro Ando, Japanese politician, former Governor of Miyazaki Prefecture (born 1895)
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May 2 – Kama Chinen, Japanese supercentenarian, verified oldest living person (born 1895)
May 9 – Teruji Kogake, Japanese Olympic athlete (born 1932)
May 18 – Shusaku Arakawa, Japanese artist and architect (born 1936)
May 30 – Hanji Aoki, Japanese sports official (born 1915)
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June 1 – Kazuo Ohno, Japanese dancer (born 1906)
June 11 – Shunsuke Ikeda, Japanese actor (born 1941)
June 15 – Tadashi Kawashima, Japanese manga artist (born 1969)
June 23 – Hiromu Naruse, Japanese chief test driver for Toyota Motor Company (born 1944)
June 26 – Akira Nakamura, Japanese historian (born 1934)
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July 9 – Nobuyoshi Tamura, Japanese aikidoka (born 1933)
July 14 – Tetsuo Mizutori, Japanese voice actor (born 1938)
July 15 – Daisuke Ochida, Japanese vocalist (born 1978)
July 19 – Daiki Sato, Japanese footballer. (born 1988)
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August 4 – Daikirin Takayoshi, Japanese sumo wrestler (born 1942)
August 21 – Masaru Nashimoto, Japanese reporter (born 1944)
August 23 – Kihachirō Kawamoto, Japanese puppet designer and animator. (born 1925)
August 24 – Satoshi Kon, Japanese anime film director (born 1963)
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September 1 – Wakanohana Kanji I, Japanese sumo wrestler (born 1928)
September 5 – Shoya Tomizawa, Japanese motorcycle rider (born 1990)
September 11 – Kei Tani, Japanese comedian (born 1932)
September 16 – Keiju Kobayashi, Japanese actor (born 1923)
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October 7 - Keiji Ohsawa, Japanese baseball player (born 1932)
October 8 - Ryō Ikebe, Japanese actor (born 1918)
October 29 - Takeshi Shudo, Japanese scriptwriter (born 1949)
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December 28 - Hideko Takamine, actress (born 1924) | 2010 |
27429375 | 2010 in Afghanistan | 2010-05-21 16:56:22+00:00 | Events from the year 2010 in Afghanistan.
President: Hamid Karzai
First Vice President: Mohammed Fahim
Second Vice President: Karim Khalili
Chief Justice: Abdul Salam Azimi
On January 28, 2010, an International Conference on Afghanistan was held at Lancaster House in London, where members of the international community discussed the further progress on the Petersberg agreement from 2001 on the democratization of Afghanistan after the ousting of the Taliban regime. The one-day conference, hosted by the United Kingdom, the United Nations, and the Afghan government, meant to chart a new course for the future of Afghanistan and brought together foreign ministers and senior representatives from more than 70 countries and international organizations.
Also in late January 2010, French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner explained that France will not send any more combat troops to Afghanistan, reinforcing his country's opposition to joining the U.S.-led surge there.
The Khataba raid refers to the killing of five innocent civilians including two pregnant women and a teenage girl when US special forces raided their house on February 12.
The Uruzgan helicopter attack refers to the killing of a large number of Afghan civilians including four women and one child. The attack took place on February 21, 2010, near the border between Uruzgan and Daykundi provinces when special operation troops helicopters attacked three minibuses with "airborne weapons".
In early February Coalition and Afghan forces began highly visible plans for an offensive, codenamed Operation Moshtarak, on the Taliban stronghold near the village of Marja. It began on 13 February and, according to U.S. and Afghan officials, was the first operation where Afghan forces led the coalition. The offensive involved 15,000 US, British and Afghan troops. It was the biggest joint operation since the 2001 invasion that ousted the Taliban. The troops were fighting over an area of less than 100 square miles (260 km2), with a population of 80,000.
On 12 March 2010 Route Trident, a new road built by the British Army and Afghan workers in Helmand province officially opened to traffic.
President Hamid Karzai pledged that tribal leaders would be consulted before any coalition push to oust the Taliban from Kandahar, their spiritual home in southern Afghanistan.
Insurgents in Afghanistan thought the previous year was their most successful year of operations since 2002, according to a new Pentagon report, but US officials were increasingly confident because of the surge of American troops and believed that insurgent perceptions of their own strength will begin to change, too.
A magnitude 5.3 earthquake struck in mountains north of Afghanistan's capital, killing at least seven people and injuring 30, officials said.
The Taliban announced an increased offensive during spring and launched several attacks against International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) and Afghan government forces. Attacks included a car bomb against a NATO convoy in Kabul which killed 18 people including six NATO soldiers and separate attacks against two of the largest ISAF bases in Afghanistan, Bagram and Kandahar Air Bases.
June 6 - Amrullah Saleh, Director (since 2004) of Afghanistan's intelligence service National Directorate of Security, resigned from his post. Saleh was seen as strongly committed to fighting terrorism.
General Stanley McChrystal is forced to resign after a controversial Rolling Stone magazine article. He was replaced by David Petraeus.
On June 10, at least 40 civilians were killed in a suicide bomb attack at a wedding in the Arghandab District of southern Kandahar Province. Afghan authorities accused the Taliban, but they denied involvement in the attack.
July 1 - Whilst carrying out an operation against insurgents in Haji Wakil, Helmand Province, Corporal Seth Stephens of the Special Boat Service was killed during a heavy firefight whilst clearing a compound, as a result of his actions during that operation, he was awarded the Conspicuous Gallantry Cross
July 20 - International Conference on Afghanistan started in Kabul. "The Government of Afghanistan will bring together representatives of more than 70 partner countries, international and regional organizations and financial institutions to deliberate and endorse an Afghan Government-led plan for improved development, governance, and stability. The International Conference on Afghanistan, the first of its kind in Kabul, will mark the culmination of several months of intensive study and rigorous policy debate on Government priorities implemented through national programs, to deliver on the key goals of economic growth and job creation. Building on commitments made at the recent international London Conference, the conference aims to support a peaceful, stable and prosperous Afghanistan. It will be opened by H.E. President Hamid Karzai, and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, and co-chaired by Foreign Minister Rassoul and UN Special Representative Staffan de Mistura."
A Christian charity said it had no plans to leave Afghanistan despite the murders of 10 members of its medical aid team and repeated that the organization does not attempt to convert Muslims to Christianity. The 10 members - six Americans, two Afghans, one Briton and a German - were gunned down after they were accosted by gunmen after finishing a two-week mission providing medical care to impoverished villagers in Nuristan province. The Taliban claimed responsibility and alleged the group were spies and tried to convert Muslims.
Jobless rural youth are the focus of a new Afghan security plan designed to help defeat Taliban insurgents mostly in the south, east and southeast of the country. The government, which already has about 200,000 national police (ANP) and army personnel at its disposal, says it also needs local combatants to help fight Taliban insurgency.
Mohammed Zia Salehi, an aide to President Hamid Karzai and the chief of administration for the country's National Security Council, appears to have been on the Central Intelligence Agency's payroll for many years. It is unclear exactly what Mr. Salehi does in exchange for his money, whether providing information to the spy agency, advancing American views inside the presidential palace, or both.
The 2010 Afghan parliamentary election to elect members of the Wolesi Jirga took place on 18 September 2010. Final results were not expected until at least October. The Afghan Independent Election Commission - established in accordance with the article 156 of the Constitution of Afghanistan for the purpose of organizing and supervising all elections in the country - postponed the poll from its original date of 22 May to September 18.
The number of U.S. and NATO air strikes over Afghanistan has spiked since General David Petraeus replaced General Stanley McChrystal. U.S. Air Force statistics show a 172 percent increase, with 700 separate missions flown in September 2010. At the same time the ICRC reports that the number of War casualties in a Kandahar hospital are "hitting record highs". Mirwais Regional Hospital had nearly 1,000 new patients with weapon-related injuries in August and September, what was double the figure a year earlier. Reto Stocker, the Red Cross chief in Kabul, said the casualties being seen at Mirwais hospital were only "the tip of the iceberg". Georgette Gagnon, Director of Human Rights for United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) announced that casualties inflicted on ordinary people in northern Afghanistan over the past six months this year has doubled compared to the same period last year, the casualties increased especially among children with an increase of 55 percent.
A U.S. and Afghan military offensive, called Operation Hamkari, focusing on the Afghan province of Kandahar was launched soon after the Muslim holiday of Ramadan, which ended September 10. The Kandahar offensive was originally planned to be launched during July, but was delayed for further preparations. The offensive did not begin as one specific operation, but rather a series of operations in Kandahar City and its surrounding districts throughout the late summer and fall in 2010. Places where operations were conducted included Malajat, Zhari, Arghandab and the Horn of Panjwayi. Operations conducted in 2010 is credited with putting severe pressure on insurgent operations and increasing security in some key areas such as in Panjwayi. Unlike operations of previous years, Operation Hamkari featured the extensive use of Afghan National Security Forces, including the Afghan Border Police (ABP), led by Spin Boldak ABP Commander Gen. Abdul Razziq. Operation Bawaar was the Canadian aspect of the 2010 Kandahar offensive. It involved the hold and build in the district of Zangabad as well as the Ground Line of Communication (GLOC) project to Mushan – all in an area known as the Horn of Panjwai.
September 17- Acting Sergeant Dipprasad Pun of 1st Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles was singlehandedly on sentry duty at a checkpoint guarding a compound he and 3 other men were occupying near Babaji in Helmand province, (the platoon Pun was part of had pushed out a patrol to dominate a road to the east in readiness for the next day's parliamentary elections). That night, 12-30 Taliban insurgents surrounded and attacked his post with AK-47s and RPGs, Sergeant Pun single-handedly fought off the attack, using up all his ammunition (more than 400 rounds), 17 hand grenades and a Claymore mine before battering the last fighter with the tripod of his machine gun-saving the lives of his 3 comrades and prevented his post from being overrun. For his actions he was awarded the CGC.
A US soldier is in custody following the death of a Taliban prisoner from apparent gunshot wounds. He later pleads guilty to murder before a U.S. court-martial.
France denies any connection between its decision to remove troops from Afghanistan in 2011 and Osama bin Laden's pledge to attack French troops.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton defended US strategy in Afghanistan after Afghan President Hamid Karzai called on Washington to reduce its military footprint and Taliban leaders ruled out peace talks.
Meanwhile, the NATO Summit in Lisbon will mark a turning point in the prosecution of the war in Afghanistan as it lays out a roadmap to end combat operations by 2014, top U.S. envoy to the region Richard Holbrooke said. Hamid Karzai addressed the summit, saying that he wants NATO to return control of the country by the end of 2014. Before the summit, British Prime Minister David Cameron said that the "NATO Summit in Lisbon is set to mark the starting point for passing responsibility for security progressively to Afghan forces." While meeting with Karzai, the members agreed to a gradual phase-out of combat operations until 2014. After that date, NATO states would continue to contribute to training and advising the Afghan National Army. Secretary-General Rasmussen said "we will launch the process by which the Afghan government will take leadership for security throughout the country, district by district." Though the members set the 2014 target date, many have already stated that their withdrawals will take place outside of any NATO decision.
Ahead of the summit, seven NATO troops died after attacks in Afghanistan on November 14, the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) said—the deadliest day for NATO forces in Afghanistan since October 14, when 7 NATO troops were killed. There have been 34 coalition casualties in Afghanistan so far this month, according to a CNN count. The losses came as Afghan troops and ISAF wrapped up a four-day operation in the Pech River valley of volatile Kunar Province, not far from the Pakistan border, which may have killed more than 40 insurgents.
Afghanistan's election commission disqualified 21 candidates from the September 18 parliamentary elections for alleged fraudulent activities, a spokesman said. 19 of the candidates were winning or leading their races, according to partial election results, while two others had failed to win seats.
Afghanistan's election commission, defying President Hamid Karzai, certified the final tally from September 18 elections with a controversial decision to give all 11 seats in Ghazni Province, where Taliban kept the Pashtun majority from the polls, to members of the ethnic Hazara minority. The Afghan attorney general declared the publication of election results illegitimate and opened a criminal probe against officials at both election commissions (Afghan and international), accusing them of accepting bribes and falsifying vote tallies.
US President Barack Obama made a surprise visit to Afghanistan and told cheering US troops that they are succeeding in their vital mission fighting terrorism. But after he flew in secrecy for 14 hours, foul weather kept him from a meeting in Kabul to address frayed relations with President Hamid Karzai. Just days later, U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates made a surprise visit to Afghanistan to meet with officials and American troops on the same day British Prime Minister David Cameron was traveling there.
U.N. Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Catherine Bragg said some 7.4 million Afghans were living with hunger and fear of starvation and one in five children die before the age of five. Afghanistan ranks 155th out of 169 countries on the U.N. Human Development Index and civilian casualties are at their worst levels since 2001 with now 150,000 foreign troops present. An exclusive Channel 4 News investigation has found that the number of war wounded civilians and children falling victim to the fighting has increased dramatically in southern Afghanistan.
A nationwide poll by international news outlets showed drops since 2009 in Afghans' confidence in the future of their country and the ability of US and Coalition forces to protect them; they also appear more willing to negotiate with the Taliban. However, in Helmand Province where US Marines have conducted intense counterinsurgency operations, and Kandahar Province, residents said aspects of security and living conditions had improved significantly.
Sgt. Robert Stevens pleaded guilty for firing at unarmed Afghan civilians as part of a plea bargain. He was sentenced to 9 months in exchange for testifying against 11 US army soldiers, of who five face murder charges for allegedly killing Afghan civilians at random and keeping bones and skulls as trophies.
U.S. President Barack Obama released a strategy assessment of the war that says U.S. troops are making gains, but serious threats remain and there will likely be several more years of U.S. involvement. The review also says that U.S. military operations have disrupted the Pakistan-based al-Qaida terrorist network and halted Taliban momentum in the south, but the Afghan government hasn't proved it can take over cleared areas, nor has Pakistan done enough to eliminate al-Qaida and Taliban havens. Critics said the assessment appeared to be an attempt to postpone decisions on the pace of U.S. troop withdrawals until next year, and with U.S. public support for the war at record lows the president and his aides seemed to emphasize their reduced goals.
As 2010 ends, the inauguration of a new Parliament in just weeks threatens to worsen ethnic tensions and instability and to drive an important part of President Hamid Karzai's political base into the arms of the insurgency, Afghans and foreign officials warn. Insecurity, disaffection and fraud, particularly in the south, left the country's largest and most important ethnic group, the Pashtuns, with sharply reduced representation, and the disputed results have pushed the country to the brink of a constitutional crisis. Meanwhile, a roadside bomb blew up next to a minibus in the Lashkar Gah-Sangin district in Helmand province on the main road running from the city of Kandahar to Herat, killing at least 14 civilians, officials said. A spokesman for the Helmand governor's office said four were wounded in the blast and the dead included women and children. President Hamid Karzai condemned the bombing as a "bloodthirsty" attack, saying the explosive was "planted by the enemy of the Afghan people." NATO described the incident as a "despicable attack" aimed at civilians.
With 711 Operation Enduring Freedom and International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) deaths, 2010 has been the deadliest year for foreign military troops since the U.S. invasion in 2001, continuing the trend that has occurred every year since 2003. In 2010, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks in Afghanistan wounded 3,366 U.S. soldiers, which is nearly 60% of the total IED-wounded since the start of the war. Of the 711 foreign soldiers killed in 2010, 630 were killed in action. 368 of those were killed by IEDs, which is around 36% of the total IED-killed since the start of the war to date.
The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) recorded 1,271 Afghan civilian deaths in the American-led war in the first half of 2010. It attributed 920 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by anti-government elements in the first half of 2010, representing 72% of the total for that period, and 223 Afghan civilian deaths as having been caused by international-led military forces in the first half of 2010, representing 18% of the total for that period. In 128 (10%) of the deaths, UNAMA was unable to clearly attribute the cause to any one side. | 2010 |
25783681 | 2010 in Algeria | 2010-01-12 21:23:15+00:00 | Events from the year 2010 in Algeria
President: Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Prime Minister: Ahmed Ouyahia
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January 5: Terrorists have kidnapped an Algerian engineer who worked for the Canadian firm, SNC-Lavalin.
January 11: A Protestant church in Tizi Ouzou was burned by Islamists after being ransacked. El Watan reported that parishioners fled the temple after local police failed to protect the Pentecostal temple.
January 12: More than 1,200 Algerians affected by Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C were treated in 2009. The national organization, "SOS hepatitis" expects around 1,000 patients with hepatitis to receive care in 2010.
January 12: 7,200 Arcelor Mittal workers in Algeria have gone on strike led by the primary steel plant located in Annaba, eastern Algeria. The union leader is Smain Kouadria.
January 18: Sonatrach and ALNAFT, an Algerian state agency, signed contracts with a consortium of Italian energy group, Enel, Spanish Repsol, and Franco-Belgian GDF Suez, which will explore and exploit a gas field in southeast Algeria.
January 19: A report transmitted by the Pasteur Institute to the Algerian Ministry of Health, Population, and Hospital Reform stated the results of their technical and administrative report on the vaccine Arepanrix. Produced by Glaxo Smith Kline, and imported to Algeria, the four lots were approved by the Pasteur Institute.
January 20: Four people were killed and fourteen others injured on January 19 in a gas explosion which destroyed a portion of a building in the "Climate France" neighborhood of Algiers.
January 23: Mohammed Djetti, a Moroccan terrorist disclosed having built strong relationships with members of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, including Abdelmalek Droukdal. Following his arrest, he revealed to Moroccan intelligence services that he traveled to Iraq to fight Shiites there. He then went to Turkey with an Algerian friend.
January 26: Hamer Bouazza tallied in extra time to lift Algeria by Ivory Coast in the quarterfinals of the African Nations Cup.
January 27: Goldblade, a punk rock band led by John Robb (musician), became the first foreign band to play in Algeria in years. Their concert was promoted by Algeria's sole music magazine, D-Full.
January 28: Eight people were sentenced from twenty years to life for drug trafficking by the criminal court of Oran. The individuals were convicted in absentia in connection with the seizure of two tons of cannabis on March 18, 2008, in Bechar
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February 1: Abu Musab Abdul Wadud (Abdelmalek Droukdal) offered training and arms to Nigerian Muslims in a message posted on a jihadist website. On August 19, 2009, Wadud offered sympathy in a message following July clashes with security forces which left many people dead in Nigeria.
February 2: The European Union wants to further talks with Algeria in June 2010, based on an agreement signed in 2005. The new negotiations will include talks regarding European investment, agriculture, fisheries, and the accession of Algeria to the World Trade Organization.
February 3: Seven terrorists were killed in the Djelfa province region on February 1 by an operation of security forces in Charek. Charek is fifty miles west of the town of Djelfa. Seven Kalashnikov AK 47 rifles were recovered.
February 8: Algeria has begun negotiations with Glaxo Smith Kline to reduce the order of H1N1 vaccines from twenty million to five million doses, a Ministry of Health official reports.
February 10: 488 Toyotas affected by defects revealed by the Japanese have been imported to Algeria. This according to information released by the Algerian Trade Ministry's Economic Control and Fraud Squad.
February 17: President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has promised Algerian Minister of Youth and Sports, Hachemi Djiar, that he will support sports activities in Algeria. This includes supporting the ticket price to South Africa on the occasion of the World Cup 2010.
February 22: 4 terrorists claimed by al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb have been released in Mali.
February 25: The fifth session of the Algerian - Omani Joint Committee concluded in Muscat, Oman on February 24. An Algerian- Omani business council was established. It will convene its first meeting in June 2010, coinciding with the opening of the International Fair of Algiers.
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March 2: The slaying of Algerian national police chief, Ali Tounsi, came at a time of heightening political tension between President Bouteflika and his intelligence services. Tounsi, who was head of the police for 16 years, was shot and killed in his Algiers' headquarters on March 3, by a retired army officer.
March 7: A rift in Algeria's political system may have grown out of a corruption probe into Sonatrach, Algeria's state-owned energy conglomerate. Sonatrach provides 20% of the gas used in Europe.
March 11: Algeria wants to continue to export gas to Turkey after 2014. 2014 is the date of expiration of a contract between Sonatrach and the Turkish company BOTAŞ. Chakib Khelil, Algerian minister for energy and mines, stated this desire on March 10.
March 11: In the less than amicable aftermath of soccer matches between Algeria and Egypt during qualifying for the 2010 World Cup, Egyptian football federation spokesman, Medhat Chalabi, said that Samir Zaher received orders not to apologize to Algeria. Zaher is president of the board of directors of the Egyptian federation.
March 21: A Spanish engineer who was working in the desert of Ouargla has been missing since March 18 . A large search has been undertaken by a collection of security forces in the Hassi Messaoud desert in search of the engineer.
March 23: In less than a year after his April 14, 2009, re-election, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika is facing a political crisis. Education and health care are two important sectors of the country rife with demonstrations. Corruption is also becoming more prevalent in Algeria.
March 23: Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates arrived in Algiers on March 22 for a working visit. He pointed to Algeria's water and renewable energy sectors as attractive investment opportunities.
March 24: Christopher Ross, United Nations envoy for the Western Sahara, met with President Bouteflika as part of a regional tour intended to resolve a longstanding territorial dispute. Morocco claims hegemony in the Western Sahara.
March 25: The Algerian operations of Arcelor Mittal filed a complaint with a state owned firm, alleging it unfairly missed out on a contract.
March 31: Chakib Khelil, energy and mines minister, says Algeria is asking prices in excess of $7 per million British thermal units during an "unsustainable" slump in natural gas prices.
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April 2: President Bouteflika affirmed Iran's right to use nuclear power for peaceful purposes. Bouteflika discussed this in a meeting with Iranian foreign minister Manouchehr Mottaki on April 1.
April 5: Islamist rebels ambushed and murdered seven Algerian security guards who were employed by a Turkish firm. The guards were attacked in the mountainous Kabylie region.
April 6: Foreign minister Mottaki began a tour of Africa. Thus far he has visited Algeria, Gabon, and Senegal.
April 12: Sonatrach announced discoveries of oil in the Illizi basin and the southeastern Sahara on April 11. The find was made after two wells were drilled in the perimeter Tinrhert of the Illizi basin. Since the outset of 2010 Sonatrach has reported five new hydrocarbon discoveries.
April 13: Karim Ziani says that he might leave Vfl Wolfsburg by the summer of 2010. After joining the 2009 champions of the Bundesliga, he has appeared in only ten games during the 2009–10 Bundesliga season. Ziani is under contract with Vfl Wolfsburg until 2013.
April 14: Orascom Telecom says that it has completed paying a bill of approximately $600 million in tax arrears to the Algerian Treasury, which came due in November 2009. Its subsidiary, OTA paid $113 million on April 13. This was the latest installment of a bill which totaled $587 million.
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May 4: A film concerning Algeria's French colonial past sparked controversy prior to its release at the Cannes Film Festival. Outside of the Law by Rachid Boucharab, a French born filmmaker of Algerian parentage, tells of two brothers who join the struggle for Algerian independence. They had survived the massacre of Setif.
May 5: A Chinese businessman who runs a private company in Algeria, attempted to bribe an officer of the National Directorate For National Security (DGSN). He brought 2,000 dinars to persuade the official to alter rule records on residence permits for four Chinese nationals in Algeria.
May 6: Terrorist strife in the Maghreb has been complicated by Algeria's more than thirty years of support for the Polisario Front.
May 7: 100,000 refugees continue to reside in Polisario's camps in Algeria. Polisario is a Sahrawi national liberation movement which seeks the independence of Western Sahara from Morocco.
May 14–23: The 5.1–5.3 Mw Beni-Ilmane earthquakes occur southeast of Algiers with a maximum EMS-98 intensity of VII (Damaging). Two are killed and 43 are injured.
May 26: President Jacob Zuma arrived in Algeria on May 25 to attend the 5th session of the South Africa - Algeria Presidential Binational Commission.
May 27: South Africa has signed a nuclear agreement with Algeria, the South African energy department announced on May 26. The accord was signed in Algiers between energy minister Dipuo Peters and her Algerian counterpart, Dr. Chakib Khelil.
May 28: President Bouteflika made a government reshuffle on May 28. The Algerian leader currently has Ahmed Ouyahia as prime minister, Nourredine Zerhouni as vice prime minister, and Abdelaziz Belkhadem as minister of state, personal representative of the head of state.
May 31: CEO Mohammed Mezian, together four vice presidents of Sonatrach, were fired by a presidential decree on May 29. Each was already under house arrest due to an investigation of embezzlement of hundreds of millions of dollars. The announcement of the removal of Chakib Khelil, a former OPEC chief, who was fired from Algeria's Energy Ministry on May 28 because of graft allegations.
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June 1: President Bouteflika was encouraged by Algerian rights groups to open an independent inquiry into assaults of female domestic workers. The assaults have reportedly occurred on bases of foreign oil companies.
June 1: 32 Algerians were aboard the flotilla of aid-carrying ships attacked by Israel in Gaza on May 31. Reports said there were two casualties among this group.
June 2: The Algerian government granted 15,000 metric tons of rice as food aid. Abdelkader Messahel, deputy minister for Maghreb and African Affairs, told the Algerie Presse Service on June 2. Mauretania, Mali, Niger, Chad, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia received the assistance after suffering through periods of extreme dry weather.
June 14: Algeria lost their initial game in World Cup 2010 to Slovenia, at Peter Mokaba Stadium in Polokwane, South Africa. The Desert Foxes dropped the contest in World Cup Group C after surrendering a single goal to Slovenia.
June 15: In August 2002 thousands of Algerians gathered outside the offices of Orascom Telecom's stores, hoping to purchase prepaid cards, which for the first time made mobile phones affordable for people of average means.
June 17: Al-Hadi Rjab, a former entertainment icon in Algeria, is currently unemployed, sick, and forgotten. He is a casualty of the long struggle between Algerian military forces and Islamist rebels.
July 8: Algerian security forces killed three militants in M'Sila the APS news agency reported. In the al-Nawarah neighborhood of M'Sila troops came in conflict with an unidentified number of militants.
June 18: Chinese companies are in the middle of a conflict between President Bouteflika and members of the Algerian military and intelligence community. The former are led by General Mohammed Tewfik Mediene. The primary point of contention is the government's ant-corruption campaign.
June 23: Over 6,000 employees at an ArcelorMittal steel factory are on strike. This despite a court ruling prohibiting them from doing so. The protest is in the eastern Algerian coastal town of Annaba, at the El-Hadjar plant. There are grievances concerning a promised pay rate.
June 25: Recruiters for Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb are focusing on Algeria's unemployed in recruiting new members. The Mediterranean seaside town of Dellys, population 30,000, the terrorist organization finds a ripe environment. Officially 10.2% of Algerians are unemployed, and 73.4% of this group is below the age of 30.
June 26: Suspected Islamic rebels murdered 5 people at a wedding party in eastern Algeria. The attack occurred in the hamlet of Ghrab in Tebessa Province, close to the border with Tunisia.
June 30: In the deadliest attack of the year to-date, suspected Islamic militants killed 11 paramilitary police in an ambush of a military patrol in Tin Zaouatine, close to the border with Mali, in Tamanrasset Province.
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July 5: Algerian president Bouteflika was consoled by Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak following the death of his brother. The trip came after months of tension between Algeria and Egypt.
July 6: Three Algerian policemen were killed and another was injured during an explosion in the northeast region of the country. In Ziama-Mansouriah a homemade bomb detonated at a beach resort. The location is 35 kilometers west of the northeast city of Jijel.
July 9: Abdelghani Hamel, an officer of the gendarmerie, took office as head of the Algerian police on July 8. He replaced Ali Tounsi in this position. Originally from the Tlemcen region, he has since 2008 been commander of the Republican Guard.
July 9: Rabah Saadane, Algerian national team coach, has agreed to continue coaching. The team was eliminated in the first round of the 2010 World Cup held in South Africa. Algeria will play a friendly match against Gabon on August 11.
July 9: A criminal court in Boumerdes postponed the case of six defendants accused of belonging to an armed terrorist faction until the next criminal court session. There is a delay until a ruling concerning the death certificate of one of those accused. Others belonging to the group are still at large.
July 17: A hunting party whose members were traveling in eastern Algeria, between the towns of Khenchela and Tebessa, lost four of its members after an explosion near the border with Tunisia. One source said the explosion's source was a homemade device. It was set off remotely in an area in which Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb is very active.
July 20: Algerian prosecutors denied local newspaper reports which said that the son of a government minister aligned with President Bouteflika Is under criminal investigation.
July 22: President Bouteflika met with Chinese state councillor Dai Bingguo to discuss meeds of strengthening relations between Algeria and China. The two men also talked about world affairs and regional issues of mutual interest.
July 24: Algeria is striving to develop additional large reserves of oil and gas to counteract declines it is experiencing in existing field production. The country is working with several oil companies in this endeavor.
July 26: President Bouteflika attended the 15th African Union Summit in Kampala, Uganda.
July 28: Abdul Aziz Naji has been repatriated to Algeria from the United States prison at Guantanamo Bay, where he was an inmate beginning in 2002. He returned to the town of Batna, 500 kilometers from Algiers. Naji was opposed to returning to his native country because he feared persecution from the Algerian government and Islamist groups.
July 31: Algeria is the largest importer of potato seeds in North Africa. On July 29 a delegation of seven members visited the New Brunswick Plant Propagation Center. The Canadian province exported $300,000 in potato exports to Algeria in 2009.
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August 3: H. H Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani and President Bouteflika discussed ways to strengthen ties between Algeria and Qatar during a visit by the Emir to Algiers. The Emir was joined by Sheikha Mozah following the conclusion of his trip to Lebanon.
August 5: A 70 million euro shopping mall, financed by Swiss companies Valartis and Jelmoli, opened in Algiers. It is the first western-style mall to open in Algeria. It also marks the entrance of foreign companies into the energy exporting country's retail market.
August 13: Tahar Wattar, prominent Algerian author of Arabic literature had died at age 74. His books are noted for their themes which explore Algeria's struggle for independence from France.
August 19: The London based Quds Press International News Agency disclosed that a former Algerian intelligence agent has admitted that Algerian security planned and carried out the bombing of the Hotel Asni in Marrakech, in 1994. The attack caused the deaths of a number of tourists and locals. Afterward King Hassan II began to require visas for Algerian nationals who wished to visit Morocco.
August 20: Three people in the town of Djelfa died after intense flooding in Algeria, which resulted in the closing of several major highways.
August 24: A 9-month kidnapping ordeal in the Sahara Desert concluded on August 23. Members of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb freed two Spanish aid workers.
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September 2: Gunmen fired inside a mosque at Ain Defla, southwest of Algiers, during prayers. A large group of people were gathered for prayer during Ramadan. A sheikh guiding prayer was killed by gunfire and several persons were taken to a hospital in serious condition.
September 7: Algerian publisher, Barzakh Editions, will receive the Principal Prince Claus Award of 100,000 Euros on December 17, 2010. The business is one of ten other laureates to be honored at the Royal Palace (Amsterdam).
September 10: Police in the province of Bejaya detained ten young men for eating in public, a violation of Ramadan. The men face up to two years in prison if convicted.
September 14: Security forces killed two Islamic extremists in the Tebessa region, 600 km east of Algiers. The Islamists attacked a communal guard post near Tlydjen about 50 km south of Tebessa.
September 23: Algerian international soccer player, Karim Ziani of Vfl Wolfsburg, could be out of action until December. He has been told that he needs a hip operation.
September 24: Outside The Times, a thriller about Algeria's struggle for independence debuted in France on September 23. The film opens with a scene of mostly unarmed Algerians being murdered by French soldiers in the town of Setif.
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October 11: Torrential rains caused the deaths of seven people in Algeria. Five people were swept away in a car which was carried away by a river which jumped its banks. The five car passenger perished in Djelfa, about 300 kilometers south of Algiers.
October 12: Terramin Australia Ltd reported that its Algerian zinc mine will be among the six largest zinc mines in the world. The cost to construct it will be $589 million. The firm is based in Adelaide, South Australia and will take 57 months to complete its venture.
October 13: At least five persons died following a bomb explosion at a construction site close to the Algeria-Tunisia border. The attack was aimed at construction officials who were examining the construction site of new homes. It came near Tebessa, approximately 600 kilometers east of Algiers.
October 30: President Bouteflika opened the Algeria - Cuba Ophthalmologic Hospital in the province of Ouargla on October 28, 2010. It is a project which is an outgrowth of Algerian - Cuban friendship.
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November 1: Imprisoned since September 21, 2010, vocal Sahrawi leader Mustapha Salma Sidi Ould Mouloud, has been shot and possibly seriously injured by his captors, the Polisario militia and Algerian security.
November 2: President Barack Obama offered congratulations to the people of Algeria on their National Day, November 1.
November 2: An Algerian minister says that Orascom Telecom owes the Algerian government $400,000 in debts remaining from a former subsidiary.
November 3: Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev congratulated Algerian President Bouteflika on the national holiday of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria-Revolution Day.
November 26: Algeria is clamping down on imports of books which preach the very conservative Salafist branch of Islam. It is part of a move to dissuade the growing popularity of the ideology.
November 27: Four converts to Christianity were placed on trial for illegally opening a place of worship. The defendants range in age from 35 to 45. They are charged with establishing a Protestant church in the region without the approval of authorities.
November 30: Four Algerian soldiers and two Islamic militants were killed in clashes in northern Algeria. The confrontation between security forces and Islamic extremists occurred in Tenes, near Chelf province.
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December 5: According to WikiLeaks Algerian president Bouteflika said that the country's military respected its civilian leadership, unlike in Turkey. A report of his comments was made public in Africom, whose head the Algerian president talked with,
December 6: Algeria announced a 20-year program of renewable energy. The effort will tap alternate sources of energy, i.e. solar and wind power, to produce electricity.
December 6: Members of the National Popular Army (ANP) have killed two terrorist leaders, the heads of the "al-Arkham phalanx". Habib Mourad, aka Nuh, and Abdeslam Samir were eliminated near Boulafrat. Mourad was the chief of "al-Arkham" while Samir was its primary communication officer.
December 7: The Algerian football team continued its preparation in Algeria for the second African Nations Championship. The championship is to be held in the Sudan from February 4, 2011 – February 25, 2011.
December 8: President Bouteflika arrived in Germany on December 7 for a two-day official visit at the invitation of German President Angela Merkel.
December 28: Le Monde discussed the book "Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb", a book written by the Algerian author Anis Rahmani.
December 28: Algeria and Tunisia signed a number of cooperation agreements during a visit by Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi.
December 30 : Sonatrach reports that revenues from gas and oil should reach almost $57 billion in 2010, according to forecasts. Production is expected to reach 220 million tons of oil in 2010. Production of oil reached 222.5 million in 2009 and 231.9 million in 2008.
December 30 : President Bouteflika signed the finance bill for 2011, which includes 3.434 trillion dinars operation and 3.184 billion dinars equipment. In current rates in dollars this is $46.431 and $43.05 billion, respectively.
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Dans le silence, je sens rouler la terre documentary film is released. | 2010 |
45214663 | 2010 in Armenia | 2015-01-26 05:57:02+00:00 | The following lists events that happened during 2010 in Armenia.
President: Serzh Sargsyan
Prime Minister: Tigran Sargsyan
Speaker: Hovik Abrahamyan
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February 12-28 - 4 athletes from Armenia competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada.
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April 6 - Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, speaking about 100,000 Armenian illegal immigrants currently living in Turkey, says "I may have to tell these 100,000 to go back to their country because they are not my citizens. I don't have to keep them in my country".
April 24 - Tens of thousands of people rally and lay flowers at a monument in Yerevan to the victims on the 95th anniversary of the Armenian genocide.
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August 19 - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev begins a state visit in Armenia by meeting with Armenian president Serzh Sargsyan and paying tribute to the victims of the Armenian genocide at the Tsitsernakaberd memorial. Russian military presence in the South Caucasian republic is to be extended until 2044.
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September 1 - A border clash between Armenia and Azerbaijan occurs, leaving several soldiers dead and both sides blaming the other for the violence.
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November 6 - Armenia and Azerbaijan exchange the bodies of deceased soldiers and a civilian under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross. | 2010 |
73541792 | 2010 in Austria | 2023-04-14 00:48:16+00:00 | Events from the year 2010 in Austria
President: Heinz Fischer
Chancellor: Werner Faymann
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Burgenland: Hans Niessl
Carinthia: Gerhard Dörfler
Lower Austria: Erwin Pröll
Salzburg: Gabi Burgstaller
Styria: Franz Voves
Tyrol: Günther Platter
Upper Austria: Josef Pühringer
Vienna: Michael Häupl
Vorarlberg: Herbert Sausgruber
January 1: The Bundesamt zur Korruptionsprävention und Korruptionsbekämpfung, abbreviated BAK, is established, replacing the Büro für Interne Angelegenheiten
January 17: The political party List Burgenland is founded
April 25: 2010 Austrian presidential election
May 30: 2010 Burgenland state election
September 26: 2010 Styrian state election
October 10: 2010 Viennese state election
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January 2: Johann Frank, 71, Austrian football player (FK Austria Wien).
January 3: Otto Breg, 60, Austrian Olympic bobsledder.
January 8: Otmar Suitner, 87, Austrian conductor.
January 11: Kurt Liebhart, 76, Austrian Olympic sprint canoer.
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February 19: Bruno Gironcoli, 73, Austrian sculptor, after long illness.
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March 3: Franz Eibler, 85, Austrian Olympic weightlifter.
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April 14: Gerhard Zemann, 70, Austrian actor, heart attack.
April 19: Manfred Angerer, 56, Austrian musicologist.
April 20: Heinz Gappmayr, 84, Austrian artist.
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May 15:
Besian Idrizaj, 22, Austrian footballer, heart attack.
Archduke Rudolf of Austria, 90, Austrian nobleman, youngest son of Emperor Charles I and Zita of Bourbon-Parma.
May 20: Walter Rudin, 89, Austrian-born American mathematician, Parkinson's disease.
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June 14: Resi Hammerer, 85, Austrian Olympic alpine skier, bronze medalist (1948 Winter Olympics).
June 17: Hans Dichand, 89, Austrian journalist and newspaper publisher.
June 21: Ingeborg Pertmayr, 63, Austrian Olympic diver.
June 27: Andreas Okopenko, 80, Austrian writer.
June 29: Rudolf Leopold, 85, Austrian art collector.
June 30: Ditta Zusa Einzinger, 79, Austrian singer (Lolita), cancer.
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July 8: Robert Freitag, 94, Austrian-born Swiss actor.
July 11: Rudi Strittich, 88, Austrian football player and coach.
July 26: Brigitte Schwaiger, 61, Austrian writer.
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August 11: Gretel Beer, 89, Austrian-born British cookery and travel writer.
August 17: Ricardo José Weberberger, 70, Austrian-born Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, bishop of Barreiras (1979–2010).
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September 16: Hans Wagner, 87, Austrian ice hockey player.
September 20: Jakob Mayr, 86, Austrian Roman Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus of Salzburg.
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October 8:
Malcolm Mencer Martin, 89, Austrian-British pediatric endocrinologist, injuries sustained after being hit by car.
Karl Prantl, 86, Austrian sculptor, stroke.
October 16: Friedrich Katz, 83, Austrian anthropologist and historian, cancer.
October 20: Eva Ibbotson, 85, Austrian-born British novelist (Journey to the River Sea, The Secret of Platform 13).
October 25: Andreas Maurer, 91, Austrian politician, Landeshauptmann of Lower Austria (1966–1981).
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November 3: Alfons Benedikter, 92, Austrian politician.
November 7:
Kurt Baier, 93, Austrian philosopher.
Hedy Stenuf, 88, Austrian Olympic figure skater.
November 12: Ernst von Glasersfeld, 93, Austrian-born American philosopher (radical constructivism).
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December 9: Alexander Kerst, 86, Austrian actor.
December 17: Anton Kunz, 95, Austrian Olympic water polo player
December 28: Agathe von Trapp, 97, Austrian-born American singer, member of the Trapp family (The Sound of Music). | 2010 |
27367107 | Nicole Johnson (Miss California USA) | 2010-05-15 21:36:08+00:00 | Nicole Michele Johnson Phelps (born July 12, 1985) is an American beauty queen who was Miss California USA 2010 and competed in the Miss USA pageant.
Johnson, the daughter of Annette, a science teacher, and Richard, a pharmaceutical sales manager, was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, spent her early childhood in Pennsylvania, and moved to Westlake Village, California, prior to starting middle school. She graduated from Westlake High School in 2003.
In 2007, Johnson graduated with honors from the University of Southern California with a Bachelor of Arts in Communication, concentrating in sports and entertainment.
When Johnson was 17, she read an advertisement in the Thousand Oaks Acorn for Miss California Teenager. Johnson, a student at Moorpark College, wanted to transfer to the University of Southern California and thought the scholarship would help pay her education. Out of 304 contestants Johnson took first runner-up.
After previously being first runner-up in the 2007 pageant, Johnson won the Miss California USA 2010 title in November 2009. She went on to compete in the Miss USA 2010 pageant held in Las Vegas where she placed ninth. She had been considered a favorite to win the title.
On February 21, 2015, Johnson became engaged to swimmer Michael Phelps. Johnson and Phelps had first met at the 2007 ESPY Awards. They started dating in 2009 and temporarily broke up prior to the 2012 Summer Olympics before reuniting in 2014. On June 13, 2016, the couple wed in a private ceremony. The couple have four sons. | 2010 |
25656105 | 2010 in Denmark | 2010-01-02 16:53:09+00:00 | Events from the year 2010 in Denmark.
Monarch – Margrethe II
Prime minister – Lars Løkke Rasmussen
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1 January – A Somali man is charged with trying to kill Kurt Westergaard, whose drawing of the Prophet Mohammed has sparked riots around the world.
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5 February – Danish special forces storm a ship captured by armed Somali pirates and free the 25 crew on board.
13 February – Three people die and others are seriously injured after a Danish bus en route from Berlin to Munich hits a barrier and flips over on the Bundesautobahn 9 near Dessau, Saxony-Anhalt. The Autobahn is closed in both directions.
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19 March – For the second year in a row Denmark is revealed as the most wasteful nation in the European Union.
29 March – Ministers from the Arctic countries – Russia, Denmark, Norway, Canada and the United States – meet in Chelsea, Quebec, to form a working cooperation over the North Pole region.
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15 April – The Foreign Ministry decides to shut its embassies in Jordan, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Nicaragua, as well as the general consulate in Hong Kong.
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3 May – Nearly ten years after its opening, the 50 millionth vehicle roars over the Øresund Bridge.
4 May – The army announces that 11 Danish soldiers were wounded when their patrol base in Afghanistan came under attack. Two local interpreters were also injured in the incident.
9 May – Danish chef Rasmus Kofoed wins Bocuse d'Or.
28 May – Denmark gets a fourth place in Eurovision 2010 in Oslo, Norway.
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16 June – Sweden agrees to fund study looking into whether a bridge between Helsingør and Helsingborg would be viable.
22 June – Parliament overwhelmingly approves the establishment of Anholt Offshore Wind Park, which will supply some 400,000 homes with green energy.
25 June – According to the Indonesian authorities, Sonata planned to bomb the Danish embassy in revenge for allowing the Mohammed cartoons to be printed in 2005.
25 June – Denmark loses to Japan in the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
29 June – Denmark has the highest prices for food and non-alcoholic drinks in the European Union, according to the latest survey from Eurostat.
30 June – Despite lowering its tax to GDP ratio over the past few years, Denmark still has the EU's highest rate.
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13 July – A major European survey reveals that Danish employees are least likely to shirk work.
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9 August – Over three million visitors have seen the Little Mermaid statue at Expo 2010, in Shanghai, China.
12 August – Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen for the first time puts a date on when Danish troops should be pulled out of Afghanistan: 2015.
31 August – The Danish-based Kurdish TV station Roj TV faces terror charges for supporting PKK.
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3 September – By an overwhelming majority of 45 votes to 3 at the Copenhagen City Council, the construction of a new mosque is pre-approved as part of a new local plan for the city's Amager district.
10 September – A man is arrested in connection with a bomb at a hotel in Copenhagen. See Hotel Jørgensen explosion
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1 October – About 200 protesters gather outside the Danish Embassy in Paris to demonstrate against what they call 'a massacre' of pilot whales in the Faroe Islands.
30 October – Danish People's Party proposes a ban on parabolic antennas in public housing.
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15 November – The 16th century Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe is exhumed in Prague to clarify the cause of his death, after previous tests showed high levels of mercury in his hair.
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29 December – A terrorist plot "to attack Jyllands-Posten and kill an unknown number of people" fails when the accused are arrested.
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Shape ApS, a Danish mobile design and development agency is founded in Copenhagen.
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26 February – Lene Tranberg is elected to honorary fellowship (Hon. FAIA) by the American Institute of Architects.
5 November – Bjarke Ingels receives the first ever European Prize for Architecture at a gala dinner in Madrid.
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20 October – Thomas Vinterberg's film Submarino wins the 2010 Nordic Council Film Prize.
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Bjørn Lomborg - Smart Solutions to Climate Change, Comparing Costs and Benefits, Cambridge University Press, November 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-76342-4.
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9–14 March – Tine Rasmussen wins gold in Women's Single and Lars Paaske and Jonas Rasmussen win gold in Men's Double at the 2010 All England Super Series.
14–18 April – With four gold medals, two silver medals and two bronze medals, Denmark finishes as the best nation at the 22nd European Badminton Championships in Manchester, England.
7 November – Mathias Boe and Carsten Mogensen win gold in men's double at the 2010 French Super Series.
23–28 August Denmark wins two bronze medals at the 2010 BWF World Championships.
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9 February – Michael Mørkøv (DEN) and Alex Rasmussen (DEN) win the Six Days of Copenhagen six-day track cycling race for the second year in a row.
24 March – Matti Breschel wins Dwars door Vlaanderen.
24–28 March – 2010 UCI Track Cycling World Championships talks place in Ballerup Super Arena in Copenhagen
25 March – Alex Rasmussen wins gold in men's scratch at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships.
3 October – Matti Breschel wins silver in men's road race at the UCI Road World Championships in Australia.
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13 May – FC Nordsjælland wins the 2009–10 Danish Cup by defeating FC Midtjylland 2–0 in the final.
11 June – 11 July – Denmark participates in the FIFA World Cup, but does not make it beyond the group stage after only finishing third in Group E.
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23 September Denmark wins three silver medals and three bronze medals at the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games in Lexington, Kentucky.
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4–15 August – Denmark wins two gold medals, two silver medals and two bronze medals at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships.
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1–11 October – Caroline Wozniacki wins China Open.
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24 April – Boxer Mikkel Kessler takes the WBC super-middleweight title from defending champion Carl Froch in an installment of the Super-Six tournament. The match is subsequently deemed "a classic" and "one of the best matches in Danish boxing ever" by the Danish newspaper Ekstra Bladet.
13 June – In golf, Thomas Bjørn wins the Portuguese Open on the European Tour.
5 September – Denmark wins the Team Speedway Junior World Championship final at Rye House Stadium in Hoddesdon, England.
6 January – Jakob Nørhøj, Socialist People's Party politician (b. 1976)
11 January – Asger Stig Møller, author (b. 1965)
12 February – Grethe Sønck, actress and singer (born 1929)
15 February – Rigmor Mydtskov, photographer (b. 1925)
17 February – Aksel Erhardsen (b. 1927)
4 March – Etta Cameron, singer (b. 1939)
3 June – Lars Kjeldgaard, author (b. 1956)
20 August – Gyda Hansen, actress (b. 1938)
9 September – Bent Larsen, chess Grandmaster (b. 1935)
13 October – Ulrik Cold, opera singer (b. 1939)
19 November – Tobias Faber, architect (b. 1915)
26 November – Palle Huld, actor and writer (born 1912), inspiration behind the tales of Tintin
2 December – Kirsten Jacobsen, politician (b. 1942)
31 December – Tove Maës, actress (born 1921) | 2010 |
34453515 | List of number-one hits of 2010 (Denmark) | 2012-01-22 05:24:19+00:00 | This article shows all the songs that has been number one on the official Danish singles chart, Tracklisten, in 2010, as compiled by Nielsen Music Control in association with the Danish branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). | 2010 |
56230543 | Along with the Gods | 2018-01-06 15:14:04+00:00 | Along With the Gods (Korean: 신과함께; Hanja: 神과함께) is a South Korean manhwa series written and illustrated by Joo Ho-min. The webtoon was released on Internet portal Naver WEBTOON since 2010, and the first volume in print was published on December 27, 2010. It was inspired by the Korean Joseon dynasty Buddhist paintings and early Buddhist texts of the Ten Kings of Hell. A manga adaptation was serialized in Young Gangan (Square Enix) from 2012 to 2014 and was illustrated by Yoshiyuki Miwa; some scenes were changed due to the cultural differences between Japan and Korea. A staged musical adaptation has been hosted by the Seoul Performing Arts Company since 2015. A film adaptation, Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds, was released on December 20, 2017, with a sequel, Along with the Gods: The Last 49 Days, released on August 1, 2018. Two additional sequels are in active development as of September 2022, as well as a television series spin-off as of April 2022.
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Japanese remake
Spanish edition | 2010 |
46812165 | Cheese in the Trap | 2015-05-27 08:10:59+00:00 | Cheese in the Trap (Korean: 치즈인더트랩; RR: Chi jeu in deo teu raep) is a South Korean manhwa series written and illustrated by Soonkki. The webtoon was released on Internet portal Naver WEBTOON since 2010, and the first volume in print was published on March 2, 2012. It was adapted into a television series of the same name, which started airing on January 4, 2016. A film of the same name was also released on March 14, 2018.
Model student Hong Seol returns to college from a long break and finds herself caught up with Yoo Jung, a senior who's also known as Mr. Perfect. Seol feels like her life has taken a turn for the worse since Jung came into her life. The story alternates between the present day and the past events leading up to Seol's decision to take time off of school. Seol is a studious and hard-working overachiever who comes from a low-income background and has to work part-time to make ends meet. Jung is the rich heir to Taerang Group and is seemingly perfect; he is seen as nice and kind by almost all of his peers, but behind the scenes, he manipulates and destroys people who irritate him. When Seol first meets Jung, she feels there is something malicious lurking beneath the surface; her encounters with him are ominous, and she feels he is looking down on her. Seol begins to experience more problems with her classmates because of Jung, and eventually decides to take a break. In the present day, when she returns to college, Jung starts paying more attention to Seol and asks her out on a date. Although she isn't sure what kind of person he is, they begin an awkward relationship that is complicated by the distance between them as well as the aftermath of his various schemes. The situation becomes more complex with the arrival of In-ho Baek and his sister In-ha Baek, childhood friends of Jung who have since had a falling out.
In Japan, the webtoon was published into physical books by Kadokawa with the characters' names and nationalities changed to Japanese. To promote the Japanese release of volumes 7 and 8, a preview was released on YouTube with Aoi Yuki voicing Yuki Akayama (Hong Seol) and Yoshimasa Hosoya voicing Jun Aota (Yoo Jung). | 2010 |
49058598 | Denma | 2016-01-10 14:37:23+00:00 | Denma (Korean: 덴마; RR: Denma) is a South Korean webtoon written and illustrated by Youngsoon Yang (Yang Yeong-soon), colored by Seunghee Hong (Hong Seung-hee). Started on 8 January 2010, this manhwa was released on Naver WEBTOON, where it continues to be published. It has been translated into Japanese, English and Simplified & Traditional Chinese. The new English version is updated Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
The author takes many names from the Bible. In the interview, the author said he was reading the Bible at that time and got many names, so he used them randomly in Denma.
The world view of Denma is the same as the author's previous works Iron Dog John Doe (1998) and Rami Record (2008). According to the interview, 《Iron Dog John Doe》 was serialized in the manuscript "Young Red", "Comic King" published in Mr. Blue. It's a SF with a theme of violence. The title meaning that the 'dog made of iron has no trace'. The first idea was a school violence, but in 1997 of South Korea, this a time when the violence situation in the school is being discussed. So, if the author deal with the school violence, he thinks that it would change the sanction to SF. It's a story about the background setting of the virtual state of the "Cadet General Country" in the ambiguous era setting "Gwangmu 25th year". Its time background is roughly between Denma Chapter 2 A Catnap and Chapter 1 Sixteen. It's a world view of the neighborhood (administrative district) of country Enoch of planet Gaia of the universe eight. It's a somewhat absurd story that the conscription chiefs are fighting and fighting with the fighter. The Ssaurabi arms are all converted to cyborgs. It's a story where many weird weapons come out and frantic fight so it's a work aiming pure violence. The protagonist is Abigail, who's fighter (iron dog), and Eugene (young) appears.
The panels arranged vertically. In the Korean, Japanese and Chinese versions, it is usually read horizontally. In the old English version, it was also read horizontally, but later in the new English version, it was changed to the infinite canvas.
The fan of this work is called Denma's Police Guards and its motif to White Police Guards. The fans call some episodes where the work has binge watched and relaxing space is 'rest area'.
From 2019 May, the webtoon rating system is implemented. This work's rating is 15, which is the webtoon intended for readers 15 and over.
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Quanx refers to superhumans with abilities that can't be explained by the laws of physics or by animals, include humans unaware of the conditions governing these abilities. There are Quanx that have various capabilities across the various universes. Although Quanx abilities defy easy categorization, it is not uncommon for various groups to attempt to kidnap and study Quanx, because once they are able to develop Quanx abilities as a practical product, it makes a huge amount of money. In addition to regular Quanx capabilities, it is also possible to develop Hyper-Level Quanx abilities. Even regular Quanx's injuries are abnormally fast-healing, and they are immune to diseases. Usually Quanxs are born naturally, but under certain conditions, two Quanxs may be "mated" and both a, Quanx and Transcriptome is made. The Hyper-Quanx also exist, and they're with 2 or more powers.
Object Quanx is among the Quanx. Kuan's Fridge and rooms of Silverquick are exist. In general, big object Quanxs can't make Transcriptomes, and it's because the system gets overloaded to make up for the overwhelming error, actually, there were a bunch who got overly curious, and made a simulation about this, they hypothesized they can make a Transcriptome out of this sort of object Quanx. Surprisingly, if the physical error exceeds a certain point, there can be a massive explosion when the object Quanx and its Transcriptome combine, massive enough to blow up an entire planet. The object Quanx Transcriptome is one of the most fiercely competed secret project done by the universe eight munitions industry, and powerful enough to blow up the entire planet, the people think they'll earn the supremacy of the universe eight if they succeed, and those arms manufacturers have placed object Quanxs in every planet as if they're competing, and these so-called Hell Gates represent their confidence and will that they'll win in the competition, and Sten Industry is ahead of everyone else in this field, the one that the El family holds the largest share of.
Transcriptome (Korean: 전사체; Hanja: 轉寫體; RR: Jeonsache) is Quanx's interactant, like the Transcriptome. They're ivory, and looks white with the Georg filter. Given the nature of these, they're more likely to be used for control than protection. No physical attack works against them, but Gaal defeats Adams with the booster gun that Mirai gave him. They have an ego and they're able to eat and drink. The control Transcriptomes users are able to use them as an avatar, such as Camael. Usually, Quanxs are born naturally, but under some conditions (involving multiverse overlap), "mating" experiments are possible resulting in the production of both Quanx and Transcriptome. Adam, Camael and things in Church of Madonna (Internal Affairs, Prison Abronah) have been produced in this way.
Mating (Korean: 메이팅; RR: Meiting) is another phase of Dummy experiments after the biodummy course. "Dummies" are created by the implantation of a consciousness into a body, whereas "mating" involves combining one consciousness with another. Even planets that allow artificial neuronal cell procedures, strictly forbid "mating" with absolute regulation - because the outcome is unexpected, which is a secret kept by the U.C.S., unknown to the outside world. It's the connection between the sockets that is just forbidden, so the people can make Quanx and Transcriptome to one out of 100 samples. When this occurs, a conflict arises between the two consciousnesses, in which they compete with each other, and as a result of the contradiction, a subconscious infiltration occurs on one side of the other. Finally, a resolution appears between the two consciousnesses, and they find stability in mutual denial by each shifting to different dimensions, without affecting the same space and position. In order to compensate for the physical abnormality so incurred, the Transcriptome of the Quanx appears.
This work has many planets where the name is not revealed correctly. The planets to have a name are Urano, Terra, Thesis, Carlburn, Recca, Kadesh, Barnea, Silverquick's station 7, Negev, Winnova, Even, Goble, Bayeux, Toshka, Jato, Mayork, Tulou, Bella, Gaia, Gout, Aorica, Yana, Moab.
The world of this work, humans and many other alien races such as Ephraimites, Negevians, Devarims, etc. live. It's called the universe eight (Korean: 8우주; Hanja: 八宇宙; RR: Pal Uju), in which there is the United Council of Space (U.C.S.). The nobles (Korean: 귀족; Hanja: 貴族; RR: Gwijok) are rulers of various districts within each planet, and there're Dukes, Counts or Earls, and Barons, Marquesses (but Viscounts are not yet confirmed in the English version). Each layer of nobility maintain guards. The guards of the Gosan family are called White Police Guards. (In fact, "White Police Guards" isn't a direct translation... Gyeong (Korean: 경; Hanja: 警) means guard (Korean: 경호; Hanja: 警護; RR: Gyeongho), so "police" is not the direct meaning. "White Centum Guards "or "Whitered" is a more direct meaning.) There is also gangland. The Emperor is the master of the black market. 20 years ago, maybe the king of Aorica was the master of the black market. The many religions such as Church of Madonna (Korean: 태모신교; Hanja: 胎母神敎; RR: Taemosingyo), Goel, an Orthodox Church, and Nut exist. Also T.A.Q. (Troops Associated with Quanxs), a.k.a. Carlburn's Quanx Legion or Unit or Squad is exist. There's a relationship diagram created roughly by a web magazine.
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Denma is a space opera that centered around an intergalactic courier delivery service called Silverquick.
Silverquick is an intergalactic courier services that hires "Quanx" with special abilities as delivery men. Dike, or "the Merciless Death of Planet Urano" contracts to Silverquick, subsequently and becomes trapped inside a body of a small child named Denma. He takes off on a journey of making interstellar deliveries and reclaiming his body in hope.
In Chapter 1, there're individual episodes to watch and intervene in various people's stories, and the stories of individual characters who're tied up by Silverquick, the vicious company. Furthermore, in Chapter 2, the story continued to expand with the Church of Madonna, which is the religion behind the Silverquick, and various multi-cosmic concepts that are the root of this church, and the veiled enmity between the nobles. And in South Korea, the Chapter 3 is going on.
In this work, Season is used as Chapter. And the chapter of one Episode is used as Part. Here, chapters can be confused with Chapter, so use chs. The number in brackets, in bold, is total number of chs. (chapters)
A.E. means Additional Edition. It's a prologue or, an epilogue or, a combination of prologue and epilogue. Put these in the total number of chs. (chapters)
So, including the same worldviews, the 《Iron Dog John Doe》 (1998), 《Rami Record》 (2008) and Web fictions (2017), this is arranged in chronological order. This includes episodes that are predominant in the past.
《Rami Record》 → 《Iron Dog John Doe》 → 《Denma》 Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap → Those Who Harvest Stars: Denma Episode 2 <The Idolatry> → 《Denma》 Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - Sixteen → The Sanctuary of the Planet Gaia: Denma Episode 3 <The Love Sick> → Physical Error Occurrence Report: Denma Episode 1 <The Puppet Show> → 《Denma》 Chapter 3 Ep. 1 - Dike → Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (past time) → Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana ~ Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - Savoy Gaal = Chapter 1 Ep. 14 - Pigear → Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (present time) → Chapter 1 Ep. 16 - A.E. → Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge → Chapter 2 Ep. 3 - The knight → Chapter 3 Ep. 2 - Epilogue
Because there are so many characters in this work, they wrote it as an article in a web magazine.
There are characters appearing in the motif of the existing Korean singer. Min-G is motif to Minzy. And Z-Dragon is motif to G-Dragon. T와이스 (in Korean) (Korean: T와이스; RR: Twaiseu) is motif to Twice, but the names of characters intactly appeared as Tzuyu, Mina, Sana.
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Denma (Korean: 덴마; RR: Denma): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. Originally he was Dike (Korean: 다이크; RR: Daikeu) 'The Invincible Death (Korean: 무혈사신; Hanja: 無血死神; RR: Muhyeolsasin) of Urano', and he was deceived by Silverquick, and he was used by neuro-scanning technique to enter a young child, Denma, and works as a deliverer. He's an Equivalent Mass Exchange Quanx. Although the name of the webtoon is Denma and the name of the main character is Denma, but he doesn't appear often. So the rumor that Denma isn't protagonist of Denma is constantly raised. However, the significant words of Korah (Korean: 고라; RR: Gora) and Jiro, who're Memory Reading Quanxs, and the scenes of the situation at the time when Yahwah discovered Denma, raise doubts as to whether or not Dike is in Denma's body, and it made the readers shocked and confused from the moment Master Sergent Hador took off his mask. It is becoming known that he is carrying out a project called 'Project Denma' at Church of Madonna, and his identity is gradually falling into the labyrinth. It's hard to know how much his Quanx power is compared to the average of the Silverquick deliverers. But the Equivalent Mass Exchange is a very rare technique in this work. On the other hand, in the Quanx fight, he needs to confirm the coordinates using the goggles. On both his palms there is a circle and its image which is El was ejected to Dike. This image is a sign of a person who is owned by El. He and Dike appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And they also appeared as the characters Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. They appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Cell (Korean: 셀; RR: Sel): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. She's mentioned for the first time in Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (2) - #2. She's Denma's Eve. Her avatar is green. She appeared as a NPC in Yo! Villains. And she also appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. She appeared as an item in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Quai (Korean: 콰이; RR: Kwai): It first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. It's mentioned for the first time in Ep. 3 - Eve - #12. It's the android and it isn't Eve. Its forehead reveals Chinese characters or punctuation marks so it is able to communicate with people.
Uriel (Korean: 우리엘; RR: Uriel): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. She's mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 13 - A.E. (3) - #193. In the past, Dike thinks she resembles Guyrin and he contracted Silverquick. She's Yahwah's right-hand person. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Jet (Korean: 제트; RR: Jeteu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 4 - Eve Rachel (1) - #13. His old English version's name was Zet. He's one of the Apple members who dreams of escaping with Denma while working as a deliverer of Silverquick. He officially uses gravity manipulation abilities in Silverquick. He's a self-proclaimed "A man that can easily handle 17 thugs" and has had a fellow relationship with Dike in the past. Originally his real name is Hank and he's using it to his Pentagon code name, but he uses the alias Jet, in Silverquick, and related to this, he's tied up with an old ill-fated relationship with Eunguy, who's new to Silvequick. He confronted Eunguy because of Yahwah's plan and was unilaterally beaten because he could not use the Quanx ability, but he made a leery alliance to him that he had a reason to bring Dike to the El family. His past has been mentioned a number of times, such as entering Wolve's Den in planet Urano, but it has not yet been known how he relates to the El family. His nickname is 'Junk Hank'. He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And he also appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Bon (Korean: 본; RR: Bon): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 3 - Eve - #12. She's mentioned for the first time in Ep. 4 - Eve Rachel - #13. She's Jet's Eve. Her avatar is red. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Yahwah (Korean: 야와; RR: Yawa): He is first mentioned and his real body first appears in Chapter 1 Ep. 3 - Eve - #12. His avatar first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 4 - Eve Rachel (1) - #13. He is an avatar and she controls the Quanx delivers in Silverquick's station 7. He usually appears as a cute puppy shape, but when emotions get stronger, tattoos appear on the face and become menacing. He is Hyper-Quanx. One of his ability is Penetration. In the scene where he beats Eunguy, his body also turns into muscular. The deputy director of Internal Affairs says, 'He will go postal if he ever finds out where his body is.' He knows the existence of the Apple organization trying to escape Silverquick. He tells Jet to act actively, and he seems to be using them. In fact, he's a woman. She's referred to by Gosan as the 'shaman ghost'. Before, her real body appears like a girl with the orange pigtails. Her gender isn't revealed in the original version, but in the new English version, it translated she's male. It was mistranslated, but the readers are able to think of it as a setting that the Duke of Gosan knows her identity. She's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. She appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Adam (Korean: 아담; RR: Adam): They first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 4 - Eve Rachel (1) - #13. They teleport about everywhere in Silverquick Headquarters. They're Transcriptome. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Camael (Korean: 카마엘; RR: Kamael): Her nickname, Mama (Korean: 마마; RR: Mama) is first mentioned in Chapter 1 Ep. 13 - Marionette (2) - #156. She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (4) - #199. She looks like a female angel Adam. She's Yahwah's Transcriptome.
Arcel (Korean: 아셀; RR: Asel): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 4 - Eve Rachel (2) - #14. He first appeared in Silverquick as trainee. When anger or sad emotion explodes, the Ephraimite, which emits a tremendous electromagnetic pulse from the body. His body is shifted to neuro-scanning technique like Denma, and Yahwah says that neuro-scanning technology can control Ephraimite Quanx's ability. Before the change, the original body was a woman named Edel (Korean: 에델; RR: Edel). In Silverquick, he's harassed by other deliver because of Yahwah's orders, and he cried, but when he drank, he said, 'Hot bombshells like me.' It turns out that the original body was directly opposite personalities. He's expected to play a significant role in the Denma's future, who's trying to escape Silverquick, because he's Ephraimite Quanx. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Crying Daddy (Korean: 크라잉 대디; RR: Keuraing Daedi): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 5 - Blackout (1) - #16. He's Ephraimite Quanx. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Eunguy (Korean: 응가이; RR: Eunggai): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - A.E. - #48. He first appeared in rescuing Arcel, who's being harassed by Ballack (Korean: 발락; RR: Balrak) who's another trainee of Silverquick. He appears again in episode 'God's Lover'. He turns out that he's Randolph (Korean: 랜돌프; RR: Raendolpeu), he was one of the Pentagon members. Pentagon is a group of Savoy who was hunted Quanxs. As Ballack start an argument again, he pull out his head. He's Hyper-Quanx. Perhaps the one of his ability is superhuman strength. And he's hated by Yahwah, because he is planned to use Arcel's Ephraimite Quanx ability, and he accept the role of harassing Arcel after Yahwah's beating and intimidation. However, he shows a bit of different harassment from the harassment imaginable by the reader. He forms a temporary alliance with Jet to find Dike. He has El's mark on his palms, and he has to give him Dike. When his asking Jet, 'Do you even realize what that money meant for me?' he seems to have a past history related to El. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Edel (Korean: 이델; RR: Idel): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - Savoy Gaal (4) - #52. His old English version's name was Ithel. He appears as a Silverquick management staff and a Church of Madonna priest dispatched, and he supports Denma. Using planar constraint ability (dimensional manipulation ability) that puts the target in three dimensions in two dimensions. He's wearing G-string that shocked Denma. The secret of this G-string is revealed in episode 'Sixteen', which deals with his past history. The episode 'Sixteen' appears to have been part of the Church of Madonna's plan, as well as Ran has calculating causality, for him and Balak, the father for the beginning of a new story, and the son for the end of the story. According to his uncle, "Stay invisible because I'll put you in an invisible department." he's steadily working as a priest at the Silverquick headquarters. He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And he also appeared as 2 characters of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. The guardian priest Edel is added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Dwight (Korean: 드웨이트; RR: Deuweiteu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 13 - Marionette (1) - #155. He's Marionette Quanx. He throws his life so keeps Esmela (Korean: 이스멜라; RR: Yiseumelra)'s dead body. His younger brother, Jacobo (Korean: 야고보; RR: Yagobo) is the main character of The Puppet Show of Web fiction Record the Quanx - Denma S.E. and he's also Marionette Quanx.
Hoon (Korean: 훈; RR: Hun): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 14 - Pigear (2) - #159. He's a Space Distortion Quanx. He belonged to Tanza's Pigear poacher team, because of Ivon (Korean: 아이본; RR: Aibon), but later contracted on to Silverquick. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Recipients
Jinu (Korean: 지누; RR: Jinu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (2) - #2. He's Denma's recipient. He moved from planet Pamana to planet Terra 20 years ago. He has wife and a son. He asked Silverquick to rid of the source of power drainer (Max (dog)) using a portable EMP bomb.
Max (dog) (Korean: 맥스; RR: Maekseu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. He's the source of power drainer. He was a living dog. He got sick and his consciousness is transferred to a robot via costly Artificial neurological cell procedure. He's dead by EMP bomb. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Hardok (Korean: 하독; RR: Hadok): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - Captain Hardok (1) - #5. He's Denma's recipient. He's Captain of Edoms, who are pirates from the planet Recca. His real name was Hitcher Greg. He was throws his livelihood to save his wife Mirael and his daughter May (Captain Hardok) and became space pirate. He's executed, but soon he forged his identity and living again on the planet Terra in the name of Edom. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Min-G (Korean: 민G; RR: Yael): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - Captain Hardok (2) - #6. She's an idol singer. Even pirates are enthusiastic about her. The Emperor (King) offered her a satellite, but she refused. 17 years ago, she was a baby of the refugee children of turtleship. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Yael (Korean: 야엘; RR: Yael): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 7 - Yael Road (1) - #25. He's Denma's recipient. He's Negevian. He's the clerk of the house of representatives on planet Negev. He's withstands any humiliation, for his beliefs.
Naomi (Korean: 나오미; RR: Naomi): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 9 - Mandragora (1) - #38. She's Denma's recipient. She's sister of Goel Orthodox Church. She's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Mario: He's Jet's recipient. See Nobles.
God (Korean: 고드; RR: Godeu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (15) - #210. He's Denma's recipient. God is read Goad and according to the Bellarian pronunciation. Before he died, his memory and consciousness were copied onto a device through the Artificial neurological cell procedure. He usually appears as a cute black cat. He was a violent and a ruthless and selfish tyrant of A.N.G.E.L. Town. He loves May (God's Lover), but he dead and living in a network. He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And he's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He and Cat God appeared as heroes in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Jiro (Korean: 지로; RR: Jiro): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (7) - #538. He last appeared in Chapter 2 3. A.E. (19) - #994. He is a drug junkie Quanx. He's Partial Teleporting Quanx. It seems that he can't be rehabilitated. He appeared as 2 characters of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
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Abigail (Korean: 아비가일; RR: Abigail): He first appeared in the 《Iron Dog John Doe》. And he second appeared in the 《Rami Record》 (2) = Denma Chapter 2 S.E. (2-186) - (1) - #508. He third appeared in the Denma Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (13) - #100. In the 《Iron Dog John Doe》, he's the protagonist, and he's a fighter (iron dog). In the Rami Record and Denma, he protects Deva Agnes with other guardian priests such as June, (Denma) (Korean: 준; RR: Jun). He's first mentioned in the Denma Chapter 2 (2-1) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (1) - #323, and he's fourth appeared in (4) - #326. He has a girl's name. Later, Iron Dog John Doe becomes his nickname. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Rami (Korean: 라미; RR: Rami): She first appeared in the 《Rami Record》 (2) = Denma Chapter 2 S.E. (2-186) - (1) - #508. And she's second appeared in the Denma Chapter 2 (2-1) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (1) - #323. She's the protagonist of the 《Rami Record》. She's a pre-priestess who's attending Mission School, the House of Dancing Flowers, which is established by Church of Madonna. She and her younger brother Jay (Korean: 제이; RR: Jei), and her younger sister, Soy (Korean: 소이; RR: Soi) are orphan children, and she tries to become a Deva because of money. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Agnes (Korean: 아그네스; RR: Ageuneseu): She first appeared in the 《Rami Record》 (2) = Denma Chapter 2 S.E. (2-186) - (1) - #508. And she's second appeared in the Denma Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (13) - #100. In Rami Record and Chapter 2 A Catnap, she reveals the past that, she was protected by Abigail and she was Deva of charge of the Duke which was Patron of the Church of Madonna. In Denma Chapter 1 Sixteen, she is a Bishop and appears with one eye covered with an eye patch. She puts pressure on Baron Hussadin. She is the source of loyalty that her Guardian priest, Abigail, she made him cross the time axis, and when a man mess around with her, his planet becomes an hourglass shape. The Head Bishop tells Agnes can use the medicine (drug), and Haaken, who had been a Guardian priest before Abigail, also called her "Evil Girl" If the readers look at this, it seems that there is a different side to what she is showing now. She's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Nell (Korean: 넬; RR: Nel): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (1) - #88. Edel loves her. She was Baron Hussadin's one of Devas. She suffers from the Space disease. She appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And she also appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. She appeared as an item in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Balak (Balack) (Korean: 발락; RR: Balrak): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (2) - #89. He's the uncle of Edel, a priest of the Church of Madonna priest working in the Silverquick's station 7. Like Edel, he uses the dimensional manipulation ability. He first appears as a seminary teacher who seems to womanizer and proud of muscle. However, in the process of taking care of Edel, the past Internal Affairs and one of the 'Church of Madonna's 3 crazy dogs' was revealed and he shows the pride of a wonderful uncle. However, when he passed on to the Chapter 2, his past was revealed, and compared with White Police Guards and his battle power, the majesty of the hellhound was greatly reduced. Between the episodes Chapter 2 'A Catnap' and Chapter 1 'Sixteen', why he became a regular priest like a seminary teacher is given only a short hint like 'planet Toshka case', and in the end of the episode 'Sixteen', he becomes a Director of Internal Affairs after 6~7 years. He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And he also appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Ran (Korean: 란; RR: Ran): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (19) - #106. He's called the "One who oversees the universal causality" or the "Handler of the principle of causality" and appears as a young baby with dark skin tone. In episode 'Sixteen', he calculates the causality and decides he leaves Edel alone, because the aim of wake-up-call the Patrons who support the Church of Madonna. In episode 'A Catnap', he decides the samples are almost collected from the holy visits and now that the Intersecting Space of the parallel universe will shut down for quite a while. And he explains intergalactic courier business, that church body has been preparing and they need Quanx for courier guys as a part of the business plan and they'll be going on missions without knowing that they're. He feels Rami's sadness so he seems to be able to share the feelings of the Super-Transcriptome. He seems to be controlling everything by calculating causality and predicting the future. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Gatsu (Korean: 가츠; RR: Gacheu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (25) - #112. He appears as the head of Internal Affairs and using Edel, returns Balak to the Black Chapter and takes him under his command. At this time, he's trying to completely dash Balak's spirits, such as he orders to Balak that kiss his feet. He has the ability to penetrate anything, and every time he uses his powers he makes a gun shape with his fingers and shouts "Bang." He also has a healing skill, so he's Hyper-Quanx who has more than two skills. His past at the time of the Internal Affairs appeared in 'A Catnap', but there's no reason why he hasn't fall out with Balak. He's presumed to be one of the 'two white rats' that Balak said he has got to hunt down, so 7 years later, he was likely to have been handled by Balak, the director of Internal Affairs. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Max (Korean: 막스; RR: Makseu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen (26) - #113. He appears as the Deputy head of Internal Affairs and he led a group that was against captain Gatsu in the Internal Affairs. He commands the execution of Edel, against Gatsu who escaped Edel to escape Balak, but after he has seen the evidence of Toshka case, he refuses to kills Balak, and persuades Gatsu to betray and act together. He has a Quanx ability to separate two fists from his body and move. Before the episode 'A Catnap', he was used to be a WFC light-heavyweight fighter, so in A Catnap, he easily beats Balack (Balak), who had exercised hard in a physical fight. Before he became the Deputy head of Internal Affairs, he was a team leader of the Security Department, and competes with Gatsu for the outcome. He's presumed to be one of the 'two white rats' that Balak said he has got to hunt down, so 7 years later, he was likely to has been handled by Balak, the director of Internal Affairs. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Hades (Korean: 하데스; RR: Hadeseu): He first appeared in Chapter 2 (2-1) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (1) - #323. He's one of the Church of Madonna's 3 crazy dogs along with Abigail and Balak. He looks exactly like the rice cake (Adam) that controls the Quanx deliverers in Silverquick. He has a basic teleport ability and is a Hyper-Quanx that has the ability to squish anything and make it like a cube. However, he also suffered to Honma, who's the average among White Police Guards, so he's reducing the dignity of the Church of Madonna's 3 crazy dogs. He's trapped in a prison of Church of Madonna, and he attacks Palace in accordance with the orders of the upper orders, and tries to get out of the universe eight through the Intersecting Space. However, even if the attempt succeeds, Hades of the universe eight doesn't disappear, but different Hades exist in different universes other than the universe eight, and this affects the future of the universe eight considerably. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Haaken (Korean: 하아켄; RR: Haaken): He first appeared in Chapter 2 (2-72) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (72) - #394. He is mentioned for the first time in (2-73) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (73) - #395. In 'A Catnap', at the past, he is a prisoner in a solitary cell of the Internal Affairs, and escapes together when Hades and the other prisoners are breakout from prison. Abigail says he uses the same skill as he does, so it turns out that he has an Acceleration Quanx ability. He seems to have an ill feeling about Agnes. He said 'My daughter Guyrin', it revealed that he's Guyrin's father. Someone slipped that plan that day to El, so he couldn't keep his family. He was also Kaiser's friend, and he's associated with the Wolve's Den (Korean: 늑대굴; RR: Neukdaegul). He appeared as characters of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON, one is Haaken and the other is Assassin Haaken.
Honma (Korean: 혼마; RR: Honma): He first appeared in Chapter 2 (2-77) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (77) - #399. He is mentioned for the first time in (2-83) - Ep. 1 - A Catnap (83) - #405. When Hades was escaped again, he appears as an agent of the Security Department. At this time, Max's position in the Security Department is narrowed so no one wants to go with him. He teams up with Max and goes to guard the Palace. He has a reflex ability to send again his attack to his opponent. In fact he is a Hyper-Quanx of the White Police Guards. He tells himself that his power is only average among the White Police Guards, but even if he was hit by Hades, who's one of the Church of Madonna's 3 crazy dogs, he shows superior combat power enough to be angry with just one hit. When his emotions get stronger, the tattoos appear on his face, and he talk 'You dirty piece', like this he has way of talking, which is also Yahwah's way of talking. But he is also a kind-hearted guy that he can't turn a kid's face away. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Head Bishop (Korean: 총무주교; RR: Chongmujugyo): She first appeared in Chapter 2 (2-184) - Ep. 1 - A.E. (13) - #506. She is mentioned for the first time in (2-302) - Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (93) - #624. She first appears when she reported by Kanu what Duke has done to planet Aorica. She seems to be in a fairly high position within the church body, with most of the decisions on the church's business being made. She witnessed the power of White Police Guards, the Duke's guards, and made White Snakes, the strongest combat Guardian priest organization, but in the episode 'Kuan's Fridge', while 2 White Snakes priests are killed by one White Police Guards' member. She seems to be harbor some dark secrets in what the church is doing now, as she decides whom to choose as a church partner between the El family and the Gosan family and reveals her ambition to become a master of the universe eight.
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Here includes slaves, servants and bodyguards of the nobles.
Mario (Korean: 마리오; RR: Mario): He is first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 14 - Pigear (3) - #160]. He's Jet's recipient. He's a noble. He likes Sylvia (Korean: 실비아; RR: Silbia), his female Pigear.
Gosan family
Gosan (Korean: 고산; RR: Gosan): He is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (78) - #273. He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (93) - #288. He's a Duke. He puts a bread bag on his head and taps on a calculator. The planet Bella and Terra both ask him to mediate, suggesting that his influence is on many planets. In God's Lover A.E., they call each other with his cousin, 'Breadhead' and 'Baldhead'. He also talks about Yahwah as 'shaman ghost' and knows her identity. He doesn't reveal his face with his father, the Duke, and wears a bread bag, he has a powerful security guard, the new White Police Guards, and goes beyond the power of the Duke's old White Police Guards. Haggler is his personal bodyguard who's the one he always keeps around. While there are many guesses about his face in his bread bag, and he seems to be caught up in the plans of the El family and Church of Madonna, but he takes off his bread bag so he makes a twist. His face in the bread bag gives a big shock to the readers, and he's one of the people who contributed to the formula, "When a character takes off one's mask, the readers shocked." He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. He's added as a new character in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Duke (Korean: 공작; RR: Gongjak): He is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 2 1. A Catnap (53) - #375. He first appeared in Chapter 2 1. A Catnap (54) - #376. In episode 'A Catnap', he appears as one of heads of the Patron alliance who tries to find his Deva Agnes, at the time. He calculates all the causalities with 'Dr. Faust's calculator', which calculates his death and he takes a calm attitude at that moment. However, when Agnes had bad thing, he shows himself a romanticist that immediately crushes his calculator and turns the planet Aorica into an hourglass shape. He have the White Police Guards, which is a guard team to break a planet, and he made the Gosan family reign as the number one in the universe eight. Because of Agnes' event, he said, "It seems that this event will extend my life a little!" Because of this, the readers questioned his death.
Gosan's cousin: He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (55) - #250. He first appeared as a Director of Pax Industries, and has been cooperating with the Church of Madonna, including as Yahwah protested him to against the leakage of neuro-scanning technology. He's no name yet, and in God's Lover A.E., they call each other with the Duke of Gosan, 'Breadhead' and 'Baldhead'. His father's older brother, the Duke, calls him to manage the Gosan family, and says that he'll be dead soon. When the Duke invited him to manage the Gosan family, he also told him that he is a leader of his own group. After the Duke's death, he appears to be practically managing most of the Gosan family's chores, including the work with the U.C.S., and the interchange with the Church of Madonna, and the business work of the Gosan family. He is in conflict with Duke Gosan who's wearing a bread bag, and he wants to quit the Gosan family and it seemed to he is fooled by Dr. Kitten's advice to assassinate Gosan, but everything changed as Gosan wear bread bags.
= White Police Guards =
Daniel (Korean: 다니엘; RR: Daniel): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (104) - #299. He appears as a bodyguard who's called by Gosan to threaten the butler who's informing Bella and Terra each of the Duke of Gosan's orders. He beats to God's avatar robot and takes the owner of the planet Bella to Duke of Gosan. In Chapter 2, Lot is angry at the betrayal, he appears again to prevent him from going to Duke Gosan. In the process of fighting Lot, his attacked part by him shows an ability to recover immediately. Even if his neck cut off, he's recovered immediately. And he read to Hazz's memories. He's a Hyper-Quanx. And he can interplanetary teleporting as much as a person of White Police Guards. He can be regarded as one of the closest bodyguards of the Duke of Gosan among the White Police Guards when he's seen from the time of God's Lover. He's the main character of The Idolatry of Web fiction Record the Quanx - Denma S.E. He was an assassin of the Goel Orthodox Church and sent to the zealot to kill Caesar (Korean: 가이사; RR: Gaisa), the leader of Blank (Korean: 블랭크; RR: Beullaengkeu) of the planet Synagogue. He cuts Caesar's right arm, but when he hears his words, he gets caught by his guards, Gaya, and by chance he stands on the Blank side. In discipline, Caesar is a master, and Gaya is a senior disciple, and he is a general disciple. Instead he also taught Gaya about the many customs of the gangland and the information that only the assassin knows, such as the situation of the universe eight. He feels nervous that Gaya has hidden dangerous powers. Later, he becomes an executive but still struggles with back-up work with new leader of Blank, Karp (Korean: 카프; RR: Kapeu), and Gaya. In a sermon of Blank, he was gave a tough answer to the story, and later the newcomer Vashti (Korean: 와스디; RR: Waseudi) makes a similar remark, he feels a sense of demeaning. After the end of the sermon, he makes a suggestion to Vashti, clearing it together, then separating her head and body and killing her. In fact, Vashti was the assassin who tried to kill Caesar, and her dead body was settled by him and Gaya. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Honma: See Church of Madonna.
El family
Guyrin (Korean: 가이린; RR: Gairin): She is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 1 - A Dog of Pamana (1) - #1. She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 5 - Blackout (3) - #19. She was Dike's old lover and Denma always thinks he must return to her. Denma remembers that she was kidnapped to El, but in episode 'Savoy Gaal', she didn't believe in Dike, and that she needed to protected by El, and that she asked Gaal to sold her for El through the slave market. She then reappears in the El family with El and his son, Cain. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
El (Korean: 엘; RR: El): He is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 5 - Blackout (3) - #19. He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 7 - Yael Road (3) - #27. Guyrin asked Gaal to sold her for him through the slave market. He's the Count/Earl of planet Urano, and his nickname is Little Conqueror of Urano, and his full name is El Rinyo Areukedillama Nubeure Sosyekiaseu (Korean: 엘 리뇨 아르케딜라마 누브레 소셰키아스; RR: El Rinyo Areukedillama Nubeure Sosyekiaseu, Expected name: El Linyo Archedillama Nubre Soshekias). He wearing a mask, and his face seems to make the opponent quite uncomfortable. In the past, with 'Joshua's eye', he deals with the Duke, who's Duke of Gosan's father, and eventually gains exclusive right to the Zipnight through this deal and gains considerable influence in the universe eight. He received considerable recognition from the Duke and received to the additional dispatch of the White Police Guards, and he named them that "El's Five Fingers". After that, the El family and the Gosan family are confront about the hegemony of the universe eight, so he makes guards to fight against new White Police Guards, including Korean: 백전사; RR: Baekjeonsa who're bought and made old White Police Guards, and Red Wolves, an elite guard who's made up of Quanxs. Guyrin appears in the El family with he and his son, Cain. He can project his image (mark) on his owned people and convey his feelings and health condition wherever he is. He's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Hazz (Korean: 하즈; RR: Hazu): He is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap (61) - #383. He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A.E. (2) - #495. He's pig butler of the El family. 20 years ago, when El was doing business with the Duke, who's Gosan's father. After that, he made a relationship with the Duke through White Police Guards, revealing his ambition to make El as the king of the universe eight. If there's Ran to calculate the causality at the Church of Madonna, and if there're Faust's causality calculators at the Gosan family, the El family makes a composition of the eight universe power competition with his plot. At the present time, when Church of Madonna and the Gosan family started to fight against each other because of power, the El family showed a way to cope with the situation through him. Later, he created a relationship with Duke through the White Police Guards, and raised the El family, an ordinary noble family, to show El's ambition to become king of the universe eight. The Church of Madonna has Ran to calculate the causal rate, and the Gosan family has Faust's causality calculators, the El family has him so they construct a power competition of the universe eight. As a trial of strength between the Church of Madonna and the Gosan family and the El family begin in earnest, when the opponent look ahead into their future, he looks far ahead into the future.
Ayn (Korean: 아인; RR: Ain): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - A.E. (9) - #516. He is an accountant with the accounting and auditing team and an accounting manager of the El family. He's the one of Cain's men. He's Marvin's junior and he always keeps around. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Marvin (Korean: 마빈; RR: Mabin): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - A.E. (9) - #516. He is an accountant with the accounting and auditing team and an accounting of the El family, who is in charge of mergers and acquisitions of the company under the direction of El's son, Cain. Ayn is his junior and he always keeps around. He's the one of Cain's men so he delivers what Cain does, to Hazz. At the same time, he is a spy who's meet the old White Police Guards and transfers hacked information of the El family to the Gosan family. He is tired and thinks, 'Gotta quit this spying job soon...'.
Cain (Korean: 카인; RR: Kain): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - A.E. (9) - #516. He's El's son. Marvin is deliver what he does, to Hazz. Guyrin appears in the El family with El and his son, him.
= El's Five Fingers =
Federick (Korean: 페드릭; RR: Pedeurik): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap (62) - #384. When Count El went to deal with the Duke, who's Gosan's father, he was one of the White Police Guards who dispatched him to El as one of the most trusted bodyguards. As a combat style Hyper-Quanx, this work isn't mentioned how he used Quanx ability except teleportation. He's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Lot (Korean: 롯; RR: Rot): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap (165) - #487. He is mentioned for the first time in Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap (167) - #489. He was the only White Police Guard Duke came to pick up Agnes in the Aorica incident. He mentioned quite a lot about his superior combat power, such as "I can maybe handle around three hundred of Quanxs", and "He's so strong he can beat his superiors." Since then, he has been one of the five White Police Guards people dispatched to the El family, which is the 'Middle Finger' of El's five fingers. He's cool to decide that he should have a new owner to give him more money if he reject him, but he has not completely abandoned his loyalty to Gosan. He says, "What you just saw might look simple, but it's a combination of not one, not two, but three Quanx skills.", and he shows the ability of putting the body part into the inner parts of the body. It was already implied in his first appearance that he is a top strong man in the White Police Guards, the strongest elite group. He is a strongest combat Hyper-Quanx, and he is one of the few Hyper-Quanx that can be used in combination with each ability. He is at the top of the White Police Guards, and he beat up his superiors. His ability to tell he can maybe handle around 300 of 'The Thousand Men' which is Aorica's vigilante is also transcendent in this work's world view. However, it is hard to see that he is 300 times stronger and capable than 300 people, and he has not shown a wide range of destructive power besides Quanx vs. Quanx fight. Since then, he has been one of the five White Police Guards members dispatched to the El family, which is El's 'Middle Finger' of the El's Five Fingers. If their master really abandons them, he decides that he get whoever's paying more as their new master, so he's cool. His friend is Nieun (ㄴ). He's one of students of Gongja. He appeared as a villain in Yo! Villains. And he also appeared as 2 characters of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. He appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Gaya (Korean: 가야; RR: Gaya): She first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - A.E. (11) - #518. She's the main character of The Idolatry of Web fiction Record the Quanx - Denma S.E. She's Caesar's bodyguard. Caesar is the leader of Blank of the planet Synagogue. She catches Daniel, who's an assassin of the Goel Orthodox Church. In discipline, Caesar is a master, and she is a senior disciple, and Daniel is a general disciple. Instead Daniel also taught her about the many customs of the gangland and the information that only the assassin knows, such as the situation of the universe eight. Daniel feels nervous that she has hidden dangerous powers. Later, Daniel becomes an executive but still struggles with back-up work with new leader of Blank, Karp (Korean: 카프; RR: Kapeu), and her. Daniel kills new Blank member Vashti, because she's the assassin who tried to kill Caesar, and her dead body was settled by him and her. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
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Emperor (Korean: 패왕; Hanja: 覇王; RR: Paewang): He's mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - Captain Hardok (2) - #6. He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (41) - #572. His old English version's name was Supreme Ruler. His new English version's another name was King. He's the emperor who's the master of the black market of the universe eight. He has Gyu-oh's back. He's Min-G's fan so he offered her a satellite, but she refused.
Consonant Guards
Giyeok (ㄱ) (Korean: 기역; RR: Giyeok): He's one of students of Gongja. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Nieun (ㄴ) (Korean: 니은; RR: Nieun): He's Lot's friend. He's one of students of Gongja.
Rieul (ㄹ) (Korean: 리을; RR: Rieul): She's one of students of Gongja. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Gyu-oh (Korean: 규오; RR: Gyuo): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (40) - #571. He's a gang member from the Emperor's planet Moab branch, and he's in charge of the Moab's accounting. He appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Conqueror (Korean: 태왕; Hanja: 太王; RR: Taewang): He first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 3 - The knight (9) - #799. He's a gang boss of the planet Moab.
Gongja (Korean: 공자; RR: Gongja): She first appeared in Chapter 2 Ep. 3 - The knight (17) - #806. She has a lot of students including Giyeok (ㄱ), Nieun (ㄴ), Digeut (ㄷ), Rieul (ㄹ), and Lot. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON. She appeared as a hero in Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON.
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Aaron (Korean: 아론; RR: Aron): He's mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 5 - Blackout (3) - #19. He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 7 - Yael Road (7) - #31. His old English version's name was Aron. He first appeared as Mirai's teacher, and both Denma and Jet seem to know him. He's a member of the Devarim race who see the future through dreams. He reappears in episode 'A Catnap' and works on firearms and machines, include removing Hades' signal device. He seems to be one of the heads of Devarim who is actually leading the members of the against the church. He looking at the future through his dreams, and prophecy that after the competition between the two figures, they both disappear and at the same time, they get to exist in different forms, they exist, yet they don't. He says that Devarim's precognitive dreams shows them the variables from the outer space, so this is surpass the calculation of causality in the long run. He calls the El family as the master of the universe eight and asks them to protect them, but they can't be sure that they'll not lie about the future. He's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
Mirai Datsu (Korean: 미라이 닷수; RR: Mirai Datsu): She first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - Savoy Gaal (2) - #50. She appears as a maker of weapon at Carlburn and seems to have considerable skills in making weapons, such as trading with her only because Gaal can believe and uses things. Denma thinks her weapon can penetrate Transcriptomes that, he wants to use in his escape plan. Because of this, she is caught to the church body and now she is confined to a storage in the church. Denma thinks her about old Aaron's prodigy apprentice, and Aaron also says that she is a child of God in the Devarim race, and she saw a far greater future than other Devarims. It suggesting that her actions would have had a considerable impact on future developments. She appeared as a character of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
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Nasty Jade (Korean: 불쾌한 제이드; RR: Bulkwaehan Jeideu): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - Captain Hardok (2) - #6. His old English version's name was Ugly Jade. He's dispatched by Colonel Sean to catch captain Hardok. He appeared in a French Internet article.
Sergeant Maggie (Korean: 메기 중사; Hanja: 메기 中士; RR: Megi Jungsa): He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - A.E. - #11. His old English version's name was Sergeant Megi. He's Repair Quanx. He sees the video who captured on Denma's Quanx ability and collects and sells to the Savoys for 20 percent of the price of Quanx. He's familiar with Master Sergeant Hador.
Master Sergeant Hador (Korean: 하도르 상사; Hanja: 하도르 上士; RR: Hadore Sangsa): He's mentioned for the first time in Chapter 1 Ep. 2 - A.E. - #11. He first appeared in Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (5) - #200. His old English version's name was Master Sergeant Hadore. When Sergeant Maggie talks to Nasty Jade, who says that Denma uses the same skills as Master Sergeant Hador. He's aware of the existence of Denma with the same ability as himself and tracing the evidence. And he asks for an internal investigation to Silverquick, but conversely, the church body finds proposer, he retires from the Legion. He seems to be rescued the battalion commander on Urano, and he can recover his body in the Carlburn's Quanx Legion. When it saw that he could get some information about the Quanxs spread all across the universe eight in the Carlburn's Quanx Legion, he seems to be looking for someone in Silverquick. He had a nightmare which is someone called him "Hey, Uncle...", and he since he does not have his right hand, so the Korean readers were assumed him to Uncle. But when his mask peeled off, they were confused. He's added as a new character in Denma with NAVER WEBTOON.
In South Korea, the author is often criticized because his serialized work is delayed frequently.
Serialization of the Korean Denma was interrupted from Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (180) - #715 (29 July 2014). And the series returned 6 July 2015. The author received protests from many readers because of this interruption. However, as the author revealed the peripeteia, the fans come back again and regained the work's popularity.
It was again interrupted from Chapter 3 Ep. 1 - Dike (41) - #1041 (4 August 2017) and it returned 12 August after attending his mother-in-law's funeral.
The English version available on WEBTOON is same here. Translation of English Denma (Old English version) was interrupted from Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen A.E. (1) - #145 (5 November 2015) and return on 7 January 2017. New episodes are translated on 15 July 2017, Chapter 1 Ep. 12 - Sixteen A.E. (2) - #146. Also the English version is far behind the native Korean version.
In the English version, they skipped Rami Record. The reason why this work isn't translated is presumed to be the religious problem (Christianity) and the political problem (North Korean defectors) of chapter 1. Therefore, this work has no official translation. It may be due to copyright problems with Yahoo!, but the Japanese edition has been translated and the title is (S.E.) ラミレコード.
On 7 November 2016, Air Seoul announced that it had collaborated with Naver WEBTOON to produce safety video. Some of the works shown here include Denma, The Sound of Heart, and Noblesse. At this time, Denma, Cell, Quai, and Adams are appeared.
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On 19 December 2014, Neo-Cartoon (Korean: 네오카툰; RR: Neokatun), the subsidiary company of Consonants and Vowels (Korean: 자음과 모음; RR: Jaeumgwa moeum) has announced that Denma will be printed soon. And on 20 January 2015, it published one to three books. Volume 1 is published until Chapter 1 Ep. 9 - A.E. - #37, volume 2 is Chapter 1 Ep. 11 - A.E. - #87, volume 3 is Chapter 1 Ep. 13 - Marionette (3) - #157.
Volume 4 has been published on 26 January 2016, it's until Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (46) - #241.
Volume 5 has been published on 12 February 2016, it's until Chapter 1 Ep. 16 - A.E. (1-4) - #322.
Volume 6 has been published on 3 November 2016, it's until Chapter 2 Ep. 1 - A Catnap (110) - #432.
Volume 7 and 8 has been published on 20 March 2017. Volume 7 is until Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - A.E. (12) - #519. Volume 8 is until Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (77) - #608.
Volume 9 has been published on 30 April 2019, it's until Chapter 2 Ep. 2 - Kuan's Fridge (178) - #709.
Volume 10 has been published on 30 May 2019.
On 25 June 2018, Neocartoon says, Chapter 2 of the Part 2 of set will be composed of Volume 9 ~ 13.
Volume 14 ~ 19 has been published on 28 May 2020.
And 《Rami Record》 has been published on 25 July 2017, it's until Chapter 2 S.E. Rami Record (4) - #511.
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In September 2015, 5 characters from Denma were added as player characters in South Korean company Dryad's 2015 mobile game Yo! Villains. The villains (characters) of Denma, Dike, Jet, Edel, God were released. Cell was released by NPC. Lot (Korean: 롯; RR: Rot) was released on 11 December 2015. Gosan, Balak, Nell were released on 15 January 2016. The service was terminated on 5 April 2017.
South Korean mobile game company New.f.o produced a mobile video game adaption of Denma with NAVER WEBTOON, launched on Google Play on 26 October 2016. The characters of Denma, Hardok, Max (dog), Cell, Savoy (Boyle's junior), Gaal, Uriel, Jet, Adam, Crying Daddy, Dike, Guyrin, Hades, Hoon, Randolph, Bon, Max, Andante (Korean: 안단테; RR: Andante) (game's original character), Rami, Gatsu, Abigail, Mirai, Bala(c)k, Tear, Lot, Dark Lord Lot (Korean: 마왕 롯; RR: Mawang Rot) (hyper, game's original shape), Gaya, Haggler, Gongja, Nell, Daniel, Hellman Sharp (Korean: 헬맨 샵; RR: Helmaen Syap) (hyper), Edel, Min-G, Director Bala(c)k (hyper), Haaken (game's original shape), Honma (game's original shape, clothes he wears), Assassin Haaken (Korean: 암살자 하아켄; RR: Amsalja Haaken) (hyper, game's original shape, clothes he wears) are released. Jiro is 11, Ayn (Since his clothes is a spoiler, it's replaced by the first appearance) is 17, and Purgee Jiro (Korean: 추방자 지로; RR: Chubangja Jiro) (hyper) is released on 25 November 2016. God is 1, Federick is 9, Giyeok (Korean: 기역; RR: Giyeok) is 21, Agnes (hyper) is released on 29 December 2016. Rieul (Korean: 리을; RR: Rieul) is 5, Naomi is 12, Gauss (Korean: 가우스; RR: Gauseu) is 19, Hador is released on 25 January 2017. Yahwah (hyper, game's original weapon) is 1, Edrei is 16, Guardian priest Edel (hyper) is released on 28 February. Aaron is 16, Count El (hyper) is released on 30 March. Gyu-oh is 13, Dike the Invincible Death (hyper, game's original shape) is released on 27 April. The clothes that the characters linked here are wearing the default skins of the characters. It may not be the first ch. (chapter) in which the linked character appears. There may be characters that haven't yet appeared in the English version. The service is terminated on 31 July 2019.
In January 2018, Since Times signed an intellectual property contract. Since Times will use this to show casual RPG. Later, it is revealed in July of the same year that a mobile strategy card RPG Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON (Korean: 덴신마 with NAVER WEBTOON; RR: Densinma with NAVER WEBTOON) will be released. This is a game with 3 webtoons. One is Sindorim (Korean: 신도림; RR: Sindorim) and the other is I'm a Middle Schooler Becoming the Demon Lord (Korean: 마왕이 되는 중2야; RR: Mawangi doeneun jungiya). On 19 February 2019, the game company releases its brand page and begins to make advance reservations. It's launched on Google Play on 2 April 2019. The characters of Dike, Gongja, Lot, Abigail, Dr. God (Korean: 갓 고드; RR: Gat Godeu), Yahwah, Ran, Hades, Bala(c)k, Gatsu, Eunguy, Transcriptome Adam (Korean: 전사체 아담; RR: Jeonsache Adam), Edel, Jet, Denma, Gaal, Arcel, Cat God (Korean: 고드 캣; RR: Godeu kaet) are released. Duke Gosan is released on 15 May. It may not be the first ch. (chapter) in which the linked character appears. There may be characters that haven't yet appeared in the English version. The service will be terminated on 31 October 2019.
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On 30 September 2015, South Korean singer-songwriter Baram Kim (Kim baram) released a song 「I Need to Go Home Now」 (Korean: 집에 가야만 해; RR: Jib-e gayaman hae) from Chapter 1 Ep. 15 - God's Lover (73) - #268 on YouTube. On 13 November 2017, he released the song on Musician League of Naver Music.
On 23 July 2017, South Korean singer-songwriter and guitarist Peri Kim (Kim peri) released an inspired piece of 「Space Cat」 from God's Lover. The lyrics were written at the Dr. God's viewpoint. On 30 August and 2 September, he released a room version and a video, which he directly sang the song, on Musician League of Naver Music.
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The web fiction series have been serialized. It's authored by Dcdc. The first volume, The Puppet Show was serialized on 1 April 2017. The second volume, The Idolatry was serialized on 30 June. The third volume, The Love Sick is serializing on 8 December. But it was interrupted on 11 January ~ 2 February 2018. The novel volumes will be published in April. This is completed on 4 March 2018.
Jacobo is the main character of The Puppet Show. Gaya and Daniel are the main character of The Idolatry. The Planar Constraint Quanx is the main character and an Equivalent Mass Substitution Quanx, a Taija race telepath Quanx, a middle-aged woman, a drug addict Teleporting Quanx is the characters of The Love Sick.
Eventually, their episodes will be published as 'Another Episode (A.E.)' each on 20 August 2019. Part 1, <The Puppet Show> is renamed to 'Physical Error Occurrence Report: Denma Episode 1'. Part 2, <The Idolatry> is renamed to 'Those Who Harvest Stars: Denma Episode 2'. Part 3, <The Love Sick> is renamed to 'The Sanctuary of the Planet Gaia: Denma Episode 3'.
The episode "Physical Error Occurrence Report: Denma Episode 1" is an exciting story based on the "Marionette" episode, featuring the early episode of webtoon "Denma". The main character, 'I (Jacobo)' is a Marionette Quanx and assassin. The assassination using this ability is neat. If you control and kill the object, it is enough. Even if the kind of person who reads the memory examines the murder scene, the evidence can't be found. The users can disguise themselves as suicide or an accident. And one day, Dudan's wife, Madina, comes to 'I'. Dudan is a powerful boss of this planet's gangland. And she asked 'I' to kill his husband. 'I' is embarrassed and he doesn't know what to do, but he reject it because it is impossible. There is a person who come to the office of 'I' afterwards, and he is Dudan. Dudan ask 'I' to perform her request to kill himself.
The episode "Those Who Harvest the Stars: Denma Episode 2" was intended to contain a mood similar to the political drama of the Gosan family and El family in the galaxy-scale of Denma's middle story. Through this political drama, writer Dcdc deals with Quanxs' solidarity and the disintegration behind it. The main character is Caesar, the leader of the planetary synagogue blank group, and his pupils who are Gaya and Daniel. Caesar is a symbolic person who has earned the pioneer status of the U.C.S. as a representative of the planet Synagogue, a transitional resident planet, gathering Quanxs who have no place to go. But the planet is faced with a number of crises, such as insufficient housing space, refugee management problems, and tax pressure. Gaya thinks a new idea as she struggles to come up with countermeasures. It is the plan to attend the inter-planetary talks and propose investment attraction. And the talks are held in Kuan's Fridge!
"The Sanctuary of the Planet Gaia: Episode 3 of Denma" is an episode that Dcdc has recently released the atmosphere of "Denma" which has succeeded not only in the alienation of space but also in the description of the individual characters involved in the incident. The background of this episode is planet Gaia. Gaia is a planet Quanx which is rarely observed in the universe eight. That planet is supposed to be a divine being with enormous power, but the details are strict. On the surface, that planet is denominated as a religious group, but in reality it is a place where terrible secret experiments are conducted under the control of a cult, 'Church of Madonna'. And there were characters going in there to infiltrate, the characters of the five main characters are humorous. The mission has begun! The delightful five people are ordered by the elder, to steal the 'seed of God' to Gaia.
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Team Imitatros (WindMill) makes the model figures. The model figures of Directors of Silverquick's station 7, Beer-Lahai-Ros Imitatros, Experimental animal were released. The model figures of Lot, Federick, Haggler, Gosan's cousin, Duke of Gosan were released. They're released on 6 March 2017.
The model figures of Denma, Quai, Cell, Cell's Avatar were released by GNFTOY on 27 November 2015. These products can't be purchased in 2018.
The model figures of Lot, Gongja were released by GNFTOY on 15 September 2017. Then the model figures of Jiro (Spoiler), Gaya, Tiptoe were released on 2 February 2018. In the same year, Gongja dress version, Tiptoe was released by GNFTOY on 4 September. The design has been made by Team Imitatros (WindMill), which is mentioned above. In 2019, Edel was also released on 1 February. These products can't be purchased. | 2010 |
38412741 | Tower of God | 2013-02-03 21:08:26+00:00 | Tower of God is a South Korean manhwa released as a webtoon written and illustrated by S.I.U. It has been serialized in Naver Corporation's webtoon platform Naver Webtoon since June 2010, with the individual chapters collected and published by Young Com in 15 volumes as of May 2024. Tower of God received official English translations by Line Webtoon beginning in July 2014.
It has received several mobile game adaptations and merchandise. In Japan, the web manhwa received an anime television series adaptation by Telecom Animation Film that first premiered on Naver Series On in South Korea, and aired in Japan immediately afterward. It originally aired from April to June 2020. Crunchyroll licensed and simulcasted the Japanese broadcast version of the anime for its streaming service. A second season produced by The Answer Studio premiered in July 2024.
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Tower of God centers around a boy named Twenty-Fifth Bam. It is notable that in Korea 'Bam' can mean 'Night' or 'Chestnut'. He has spent most of his life trapped beneath a vast and mysterious Tower, with only his close friend, Rachel, to keep him company. When Rachel enters the Tower, Bam is devastated. Somehow, Bam manages to open the door to the Tower. Now, he will go any distance to see Rachel again even if it means dying. When he enters the Tower, he meets allies that will help him up the tower.
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The Tower
"The Tower" is a mysterious structure that is completely enclosed and hosts many unique environments. It is permeated by an element called "Shinsu", which has strange properties similar to magic in other comic universes. It is inhabited by many different intelligent species. Living on the top floors is associated with a higher status in the Tower and better living conditions. This is because ascension from one floor to the next is only allowed by passing increasingly difficult tests of strength, dexterity and wit. Regulars are any individuals from the Outer Tower chosen to climb the tower in the Inner Tower. Former Regulars who reach the top of the Tower are known as Rankers, and are generally much more powerful than others. Rankers are often put to work administering the lower floors. At the top of the Tower sit the "Ten Great Families", which form the governing body of the Tower. A figure known as King Jahad (or 'Zahard', in some translations) is the chief leader of this body.
Each floor is composed of three layers: an external Outer Tower which serves as the residential area, an Inner Tower where people are tested, and a Middle Area, which acts as a network linking each floor. Residents of each floor are given the chance to ascend, provided that they are deemed "worthy" of doing so by Headon, the First Floor's Guardian and caretaker of the Tower. Such people are referred to as "Chosen Regulars" in Tower of God. The Tower is sealed from the vast, unknown "Outside" by portentous, impenetrable doors. On rare occasions, extraordinary people are able to open the doors and enter the Tower. Such people are called "Irregulars" in the manhwa, and Twenty-Fifth Bam is one of them.
According to the author, each floor is the size of the North American continent. Each floor often has its own culture, language and governance systems, and it is not uncommon to have nations living in isolation and unaware of the existence of the tower.
Only Irregulars are exempt from the contract Jahad struck with the Tower Guardians that made him immortal. Thus, only an Irregular can kill Jahad. This fact drives much of the plot in Tower of God.
Shinsu
Shinsu (Hangul: 신수, RR: Shin-soo), roughly translated as "Divine Water", is a substance found within the Tower in varying concentrations on each floor. On the lower floors, Shinsu is diffuse and inconspicuous, similar to air. However, on higher floors, Shinsu increases in power and concentration, and is said to be viscous and flowing similarly to water. High Shinsu resistance is required to enter these floors. Residents in the tower must form a contract with the "guardian" of the respective floors in order to manipulate Shinsu.
Shinsu can be manipulated to enhance physical abilities, powerful weapons, and even manipulate the elements. Bang (Korean-방) is the number of discrete units of Shinsu control. The more Bangs someone handle, the better the ability to control shinsu. The size of the units is called Myeon (Korean-면), and the concentration is called Soo (Korean-수). Though used with varying degrees of explicitness and even conscious awareness, its use seems to be inextricable from combat within the Tower. Shinsu reinforcement (Korean-신수강화-shinsooganghwa) is a technique used to strengthen the body, and is commonly used by Regulars. Those who are strong with Shinsu have their aging slowed to the point where they become effectively immortal. It is unclear to what extent aging is slowed simply by living in the tower without training to use Shinsu.
Shinsu does not have a fixed flow, but there is a temporary flow. Using this flow to attack is called flow control. Expert wave controllers could destroy a village with this. Reverse flow control is used to strike back in the direction of the flow and to stop the opponent. Sometimes they are used simultaneously, attacking with flow control and protecting the body with reverse flow control. Flow control is a favored technique of Twenty-Fifth Bam.
However, there are certain exceptions to rules regarding Shinsu. Individuals known as "Irregulars" seem to have a special connection with the tower, being able to use Shinsu with little to no constraints, regardless of whether or not they have contracts with the same administrators of the floors they're on or going to. One highly notable irregular known simply as "Enryu" even managed to kill the then administrator and guardian of the 43rd floor. A feat once thought to be impossible on the apparently false pretense that Administrators were thought to be immortal and otherwise infallible. This has led many of the tower's inhabitants to see irregulars as little more than highly destructive entities with unfathomable powers and abilities, as well as being regarded as calamities brought forth by the tower's prophecies in an effort to bring about change to the tower.
Because of their ability, irregulars are often heavily stigmatized and feared, even by inhabitants of the highest caliber within the tower known simply as "Rankers". Individuals that have reached the highest floor known to the tower's inhabitants. The current capabilities of Irregulars is such that even the upper echelon of Rankers known as "High Rankers" such as the Ten Great Families and even King Jahad, are extremely wary of them, especially so in King Jahad's case due to the nature of his contract with the Tower Guardians.
Positions
Most battles in the tower are done in teams. Each person in a team plays a certain role in battle, which are referred to as positions. There are five basic positions: fisherman (낚시꾼 nakksiggun), spear-bearer (창지기 changjigi), light-bearer (등대지기 deungdaejigi), scout (탐색꾼 tamsaekggun), and wave-controller (파도잡이 padojabi). Fishermen are direct fighters, spear-bearers are a fighting support class, light-bearers provide distant reconnaissance, scouts provide on-ground reconnaissance, and wave-controllers control Shinsu. There are other positions, such as guide, but they are rare.
Author S.I.U. majored in visual arts education on a university level before being conscripted into the South Korean military. By the advice of a senior in the army, S.I.U. started drawing cartoons. During this period, S.I.U. drew "ten books" worth of practice cartoons, which formed the backbone of the Tower of God comic he later started to create for the Internet. S.I.U. already has major events and characters planned out, sometimes more than 8 years in advance, and often shares additional information on the Tower of God universe on his blogpost, after each chapter is published.
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Lee Jong-hui (Korean: 이종휘), also known by the pen-name S.I.U. ("Slave In Utero") launched Tower of God in Naver's webtoon platform Naver Webtoon on June 30, 2010. It is the first story in the "Talse Uzer" universe. As of February 2020, Tower of God has collected 4.5 billion views worldwide. Tower of God was one of the first webtoons to receive official English translations by Line Webtoon in July 2014.
Its first and second collected volumes were released simultaneously by Young Com on November 12, 2019.
In November 2021, Wattpad announced that Tower of God would receive a print release in North America as part of their new Webtoon Unscrolled imprint.
Volumes
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In 2013, Naver released a mobile role-playing game on Google Play based on Tower of God, developed by Sunrise. The game drew in 120 million players shortly after its initial release. The Tower of God role-playing game's development continued for two years after its initial release, and the game saw a full commercial release in 2016. A cross-webtoon RPG game titled Hero Cantare was released in 2019, featuring Tower of God and other popular titles such as The God of High School and Hardcore Leveling Warrior.
A mobile turn-based role-playing game, titled Tower of God: Great Journey, developed by Korean company Ngelgames, was released in Korea in April 2022, and globally on February 14, 2023.
A collectible card role-playing game, titled Tower of God: New World, developed by Netmarble, was released globally on July 26, 2023. It features a story mode based on the series, as well as original storyline events and original characters.
The series has had collaborations with mobile games such as Fantasy War Tactics R, Heir of Light, and Seven Knights.
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Naver sells a variety of Tower of God merchandise, such as figurines. During the commercial release of the Tower of God role-playing game, Naver released limited edition items worth ₩30,000 South Korean Won.
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An anime television series adaptation was initially announced at Seoul Comic-Con in August 2019, the series titled Kami no Tō -Tower of God- (神之塔 -Tower of God-) began releasing in April 2020 simultaneously in Japan, South Korea, and the United States. It was produced by Telecom Animation Film, with Aniplex subsidiary Rialto Entertainment responsible for Japanese production, and Sola Entertainment providing production management. The anime series premiered in South Korea on April 1, 2020, on Naver Series On and Korean television network Aniplus, and aired from April 2 to June 24, 2020, on Japanese television. The series was directed by Takashi Sano with Hirokazu Hanai as assistant director. Erika Yoshida was in charge of series composition, Masashi Kudo and Miho Tanino were the series' character designers, and Kevin Penkin composed the soundtrack. Korean band Stray Kids performed the opening "Top", and ending theme song "Slump" in Japanese, English, and Korean for the respective language dubs. The series ran for 13 episodes.
Crunchyroll streamed the Japanese broadcast of the series as a co-production under its "Crunchyroll Originals" title. Viz Media has licensed the series for home video distribution in North America and has been released on Blu-ray on January 18, 2022.
In August 2022, during their industry panel at Crunchyroll Expo, Crunchyroll announced that a second season was in production. The season is produced by The Answer Studio and directed by Akira Suzuki, with Kazuyoshi Takeuchi serving as chief director. It is set to premiere on July 7, 2024. NiziU performed both the opening theme "Rise Up" and the currently untitled ending theme.
Episodes
= Season 1 =
= Season 2 =
Head of Line Webtoon Tom Akel stated in July 2015 that the manhwa's weekly installments are read by five million people. | 2010 |
28441024 | American Canyon High School | 2010-08-20 05:10:23+00:00 | American Canyon High School is a public comprehensive high school located in American Canyon, California. It is operated by the Napa Valley Unified School District.
The city of American Canyon, located at the southern end of Napa County, is the fastest growing part of that county. For decades, high school students living in American Canyon were bussed to Vintage High School in the city of Napa, located 15 miles (24 km) to the north. Strong public support developed for locating a high school in American Canyon.
In 2003 the school district purchased a 49.5 acres (20.0 ha) site for a new high school for $4.5 million.
Voters residing in the Napa Valley Unified School District approved Measure G in November 2006. This $183 million bond measure provided the funding that made construction of American Canyon High School possible, as well as other school improvement projects in the district. The school was designed to incorporate green building principles. Construction began in 2008, and the school was dedicated on June 18, 2010. The construction budget was $169 million.
Classes began for 680 freshmen and sophomores on August 18, 2010. As of the 2012-13 school year, there were students in all four grades, but the school had only reached about half of its full capacity of 2,200 students.
The school occupies a 45 acres (18 ha) campus on the northeast corner of American Canyon Road and Newell Drive, and features seven two-story buildings arrayed around a central courtyard. It features a football stadium, baseball and soccer fields, tennis courts, a swimming pool, a 400-seat theater partially funded by the city of American Canyon for community use, and college classrooms funded and operated by Napa Valley College. The school's varsity football team played its first game in the campus stadium under the lights on September 2, 2011. The gymnasium, which seats 2500 people, is the largest in Napa County. The campus is accessible for use by the entire community, not just the high school students.
The school was the first in the nation to complete the certification process of the Collaborative for High Performance Schools, a green compliance standard.
The school has natural day lighting in all classrooms, as well as the gymnasium and the multi-purpose room, in order to save electricity. Automatic controls turn off electrical lights when natural lighting is sufficient. It is equipped with low flow water fixtures and the sports fields are irrigated with reclaimed water. It is expected that it will use about half the potable water of a conventional school design of the same size.
Solar photovoltaic panels are integrated into many of the windows. Installation of a $5 million solar photovoltaic field was delayed because of state budget cutbacks. After its dedication on November 16, 2011, the system began generating 1 megawatt of electricity, and produces between 60% and 80% of the school's energy needs.
The high school utilizes an energy efficient geothermal HVAC system based on holes bored deep underground. There are about 300 bores, each 350 feet (110 m) deep. The HVAC system was installed by Bell Products of Napa, CA.
The school district paid $4.6 million to purchase 312 acres (126 ha) of vacant open space in December 2008 in order to mitigate risks to the threatened species known as the California red-legged frog caused by the school construction. | 2010 |
74799685 | Jimmy Carter Early College High School | 2023-09-11 18:25:59+00:00 | Jimmy Carter Early College High School is located in La Joya, Texas, and is part of the La Joya Independent School District.
During the 2010–2011 academic year, La Joya Independent School District launched the College Transition Academy, inspired by the Early College High School concept. After achieving recognition as an "Exemplary" campus by the Texas Education Agency, it partnered with South Texas College and earned "Early College High School" status and was renamed Jimmy Carter Early College High School.
During the 2021–2022 academic year, the school had a student population of 358. Of these students, 77.9% were identified as at risk, and 40.5% were part of bilingual or English language learning programs.
In 2018 the school received the National Blue Ribbon Award.
In 2023, Jimmy Carter Early College reached U.S. News Public High School Rankings of #906 among high schools nationwide and #112 among Texas high schools.
Advanced Placement (AP) Courses
Dual Credit Courses
Early College High School
Jimmy Carter Early College has established a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with South Texas College. This partnership offers dual enrollment courses, enabling students to attain an associate degree in line with the early college model.
Students at Jimmy Carter Early College can attain various associate degrees:
Associate of Science in Interdisciplinary Studies
Associate of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies
Associate of Arts in Criminal Justice
Associate of Arts in Teaching (Generalist & Secondary) | 2010 |
29401205 | 2009–10 Albanian floods | 2010-10-29 18:01:28+00:00 | The 2010 Albanian Floods refer to several periods of major flooding in the northern regions of Albania around Shkodra, Lezhë and Durrës between December 2009 and January 2010.
On December 3, 2009, the Northwestern regions of Shkodër, Lezhë and Durrës were inundated as a result of increased rainfall and higher temperatures in Albania. Deforestation in the region is also considered a primary cause for the increased amount of groundwater in the lowlands.
On January 11, 2010, the Northwestern regions of Shkodër and Lezhë were inundated as a result of increased rainfall and higher temperatures in Albania. Flooding nearly 2,500 houses and evacuating more than 5,300 residents (as reported by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Archived 2011-03-22 at the Wayback Machine), the flood has led to sustained damage in the nearby water supply, roads, bridges, and more than 10,500 hectares (26,000 acres) of agrarian land. Approximately 6,000 individuals in flood-infested areas refused to abandon residences and livestock, forcing the government to take action by enforcing evacuation. The Albanian government has also called for international assistance – initiating aid from organizations such as UNICEF, OCHA, and UNDP. Additional rainfall and snow continues to make water levels rise, which can be extrapolated to rise through the spring season.
As a result of this increasing rainfall, the Drin river flow has been rapidly raising which has augmented the water level in three hydroelectric power lakes as reported by the DREF operation (International Federation's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund). Authorities were forced to release water from these lakes increasing the flooding situation in the Shkodër and Lezhë areas. Some initiatives have been put into place to help this situation such as the Red Cross Society of Albania, which plans on assisting 2,200 families with necessary basic food items lasting for three months.
The affected areas are parts of North western Albania with one primary hit zone being Shkodër, 120 kilometres (75 mi) away from the capital Tirana – located right beneath the three hydroelectric power lakes of Fierzë, Koman and Vau i Dejës. After being forced to release water from the dikes, the water flow grew to 2,450 cubic metres per second (87,000 cu ft/s) while the maximum capacity is only 800 cubic metres per second (28,000 cu ft/s).
The Albanian government declared it a "natural disaster" on 5 January 2010 when the flooding displaced thousands of people. The Shkodër District reached a critical situation as the water level on main roads entering into the region reached one meter and reached two meters inside the village of Berdices. The overflow of water alienated the city from national road access and cut communication with the town.
The Albanian government has used the army and police forces to help remove residents using boats and military vehicles. The Emergency Commission at Shkodër on 8 January 2010 reported an increase in the number of evacuations to 3,572 persons with 98% being accommodated by relatives. The government claimed that another 16,000 – 20,000 individuals need to be evacuated as more bad weather was predicted for the future.
As an immediate relief, the Albanian government declared a "state of civil emergency" and founded an Inter-ministerial Committee. Organizations outside of the state such as the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the UN Development Program (UNDP) have supported affected families with grants for food and other basic needs.
According to The Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Center (EADRCC), an organization that presents disaster requests and updates, Albania officially requested for assistance on 7 January 2010. The country requested for transportation boats for shallow water, transport helicopters, high capacity water pumps, mobile power generators, fuel, food, and medicine on 7 January 2010. Later reports throughout the month of January that reveal where donations have come from and the quantity of each. In efforts to control future damage, British engineers advised the Albanian Government to control its North West rivers' flow by dredging out the silt and other contaminants due to the flood.
In addition to major organizational relief, around 1,200 individuals from the army, police, fire fighters and other state departments were deployed to assist the evacuation of people and their animals and provide health support, land protection, and to protect dams to reduce further flooding.
According to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Studies, there were eight main regions that were affected including the Shkodër municipality, Dajç, Ana Malit, Bërdicë, Gur i Zi, Bushat, Velipojë, and Qendër. The preliminary casualties in these regions reflect 9,150 hectares (22,600 acres) of land flooded, 3,572 people evacuated from their homes, and 2,200 houses damaged by flooding. The Albanian government originally reported on 7 January that in the upcoming days, 3,000–3,500 additional families will have to be evacuated. The majority of displaced families were sheltered in student dormitories provided by the government. The other families, however, were sheltered by relatives and friends.
Preliminary assessments of damage conducted by the Albania Red Cross (Kryqi i Kuq Shqiptar) revealed multiple damages to households and farmland including houses, home equipment and furniture, winter reserves of corn and vegetables, livestock and livestock food, and corn plants. | 2010 |
39333689 | 2010 Vatican employee sex scandal | 2013-05-08 08:27:25+00:00 | The 2010 Vatican employee sex scandal was an incident in March 2010 in which two part-time employees of the Holy See, a consultant who also served as a lay attendant of the pope and another who was a professional member of the Saint Peter's Choir, were reported in the press to be part of a homosexual male prostitution ring. The Catholic Church considers prostitution and homosexual acts to be gravely sinful offenses and the Vatican severed its connections with both men, one of whom had been arrested.
Italian engineering executive Angelo Balducci was reportedly involved with pimping a Nigerian Cappella Giulia member, Thomas Chinedu Ehiem, for the services of male prostitutes as part of a local prostitution ring. Balducci had been a Papal Gentleman since 1995 and had served as senior adviser to the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, responsible for the management of the Roman Catholic church's missionary activities around the globe. Ehiem had met Balducci more than 10 years before the scandal and had become acquainted with him through an Italian friend. A wiretap by police allegedly caught Balducci negotiating with Ehiem, a then 29-year-old Vatican chorister, with Balducci giving physical descriptions of men he wanted brought to him. One of the men was described as "two metres tall … 97 kilos … aged 33, completely active." In various taped conservations, Ehiem had also been recorded saying "I have a situation from Naples", "I have a situation from Cuba", "a German who just arrived from Germany", "two black guys", "the soccer player" and "the dancer for the RAI".
In March 2010, this escalated into a national scandal in Italy when wiretaps and police documents were published in the Italian newspaper La Repubblica which indicated that Ehiem had been in regular contact with Balducci, and that the main subject of their conversation was "gay sex". Ehiem reportedly said about Balducci, "He asked me if I could procure other men for him. He told me he was married and that I had to do it in great secrecy." A report by the Italian Police investigating the affair for prosecutors in Florence concluded about Balducci's life: "In order to organise casual encounters of a sexual nature, he availed himself of the intercession of two individuals who, it is maintained, may form part of an organised network, especially active in [Rome], of exploiters or at least facilitators of male prostitution."
Balducci was one of four men arrested for alleged involvement in the prostitution racket and hired lawyer Franco Coppi. Balducci had been earlier arrested on 10 February 2010, suspected of "involvement in widespread corruption", "an organised network ... to abet male prostitution". Balducci's lawyer Coppi stated that it was a "shameful" act for newspapers to publish conversations which were unrelated to the investigation and stated that he and Balducci had "laughed" when they heard of the allegations. Ehiem was dismissed from the choir after having been a member for 19 years. He accused the magistrates of "ruining his life". CBS News consultant Father Thomas Williams stated that the Vatican had severed its ties with both men and described the situation as "really a sordid affair". He said: "You do the best you can to screen these people. But there are 150 of these men that serve as ushers as Gentlemen to His Holiness. And it's hard to know exactly what they're doing in their private lives. They don't live in Vatican City, they have their jobs and their families, and they have other things going on, as well". | 2010 |
38056644 | Murder of Sevag Balıkçı | 2012-12-29 11:34:02+00:00 | Sevag Şahin Balıkçı (April 1, 1986 – April 24, 2011) was a Turkish soldier of Armenian descent who was shot to death during compulsory military service. The incident occurred on April 24, 2011, the remembrance day of the Armenian genocide. The perpetrator Kıvanç Ağaoglu was sentenced to four and a half years in prison for involuntary manslaughter. However, there have been several eye-witness accounts and testimonies that claim that the shooting was not accidental as the official reports suggest, but intentional. Other reports claim that the shooting was a hate crime towards Balıkçı's Armenian identity.
After the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, military courts were suspended in Turkey and the case was sent to the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance of Batman where a retrial started on February 8, 2018. According to the verdict of the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu has been found guilty of deliberate murder and sentenced to 16 years and 8 months of imprisonment following which he was arrested.
Sevag Balıkçı was killed by a gunshot in Batman, southeastern Turkey where he was serving his last 23 days as a conscripted private. Official reports from military commanders in Batman given to the Balıkçı family argued that Sevag was killed unintentionally while "joking around" with his friend. The family believed the initial reports and claimed that their son should not be considered a martyr since he died accidentally. Sevag's fiancée, however, called the report into question because, according to their conversations on the phone with Balıkçı, he was being harassed by ultra-nationalist soldier(s). The funeral was at the Feriköy Surp Vartanants Armenian church. Attendees of the funeral included Rakel Dink (wife of murdered Armenian journalist Hrant Dink), Government Minister Egemen Bağış, Şişli Mayor Mustafa Sarıgül, top military commanders, and other politicians like Adalar Mayor Mustafa Farsakoğlu. He was buried in the Şişli Armenian Cemetery.
According to Balıkçı's lawyer Cem Halavurt, an investigation conducted on May 1, 2011, into the background (including his internet social networks, which were shut down after the incident) of the suspect, Kıvanç Ağaoglu, revealed that he was a Turkish ultra-nationalist. Through his Facebook profile, it was discovered that he was a sympathizer of nationalist politician Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu and Turkish agent / contract killer Abdullah Çatlı, who himself had a history of Anti-Armenian activity such as the Armenian Genocide Memorial bombing in a Paris suburb in 1984. His Facebook profile also showed that he was a sympathizerof the Great Union Party (BBP), a far-right nationalist party in Turkey.
The court proceedings took place at the 2nd Air Force Command Court Martial Court in Diyarbakır. The Balıkçı family was represented by lawyer Cem Halavurt while Kıvanç Ağaoglu is represented by lawyer İbrahim Gök. The Balıkçı family insisted that the shooting was not accidental but intentional and that the suspect should have been charged with murder. The Turkish Military Prosecutor's Office demanded a nine-year sentence for Kıvanç Ağaoğlu on the charge of “murder as a result of negligence.” Kıvanç Ağaoğlu continues to deny all charges of first-degree murder insisting that his gun went off accidentally. Upon suspicion of negligence among the commanders at the military station, non-commissioned officer Sadrettin Ersöz who is represented by lawyer Yalçın Torun was also charged with negligence in the alleged killing.
During the trial's first hearing on July 24, 2011, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu was set free. During the trial an eyewitness provided details regarding the shooting. The eyewitness testified that Kıvanç Ağaoğlu threatened Sevag by saying, "I will kill you fatty!".
During the trial's fifth hearing on December 27, 2011, testimony emerging from Halil Ekşi, a conscripted soldier who was serving in the same military unit as Sevag Balıkçı, stated that Balıkçı's death was not accidental as the official reports suggest, but intentional. This was a reversal of Ekşi's original testimony which portrayed the killing as an accident. He changed his position because his "conscience didn't allow" (vicdanım elvermiyor) him to continue with the original testimony. The testimony also suggested that Halil Ekşi was visited by Kıvanç Ağaoğlu's uncle Bülent Kaya who wrote the testimony with Ekşi himself, suggesting pressure was applied towards the eyewitnesses. The Balıkçı family lawyer Cem Halavurt declared that a new lawsuit will be filed against the uncle and sister of Ağaoğlu for the obstruction of justice. The judge during the hearing also stated that it was a "matter of honor" for him to reach a fair verdict in the case. Testimony given by Sevag Balıkçı's fiancée on March 30, 2012, stated that he was subjected to psychological pressure at the military compound. His fiancé was told by Sevag through telephone conversations with him that he feared for his life because a certain military serviceman threatened him by saying, "If war were to happen with Armenia, you would be the first person I would kill". According to the testimony, Sevag was also under pressure to convert to Islam.
During the trial's ninth hearing on November 5, 2012, defense lawyer İbrahim Gök requested a media ban on all further hearings. Prosecuting attorney Cem Halavurt rejected the proposal stating that "If there is a press ban in this court, will Turkey stop talking about the Armenian issue? Or will people not talk about deaths in the army? This is why we demand that the press ban be overruled. Even if we don't like certain thoughts, we should treat them as part of free speech in a democratic society." İbrahim Gök claimed that the trial was becoming "politicized" and that the case has nothing to do with the events of 1915 (referring to the Armenian genocide). The request for a press ban was rejected.
On March 26, 2013, a court ruled that the incident was accidental and sentenced Kıvanç Ağaoğlu for four years and five months in prison. However, the decision was overturned by the Military Supreme Court in July 2014 on the basis that "legal documents did not include the court's name," and the trial was reinitiated in December 2014. In the meantime, one of the witnesses of the trial who first stated that Balıkçı was killed intentionally and then changed his testimony to argue that Balıkçı was killed accidentally was tried for lying under oath. During this trial, Halil Ekşi, the witness in question, stated that he was forced to lie because he was under pressure, while his family testified that they were being threatened by Ağaoğlu's family. Upon news of this occurrence, the next trial was set for February 27, 2015.
On March 26, 2013, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu was convicted by the Diyarbakır 2nd Air Force Command Military Court for murder with deliberate negligence and sentenced to four years five months and ten days of imprisonment. Later, the Military Supreme Court has overturned the ruling and sent the case for reconsideration. After 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, military courts were suspended in Turkey and the case was sent to the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance of Batman where the retrial started on February 8, 2018. According to the verdict of the Kozluk Criminal Court of First Instance, Kıvanç Ağaoğlu has been found guilty of deliberate murder and sentenced to 16 years and 8 months of imprisonment following which Ağaoğlu was arrested.
In May 2015, a criminology report was conduct on Balıkçı and it was discovered that 41 bullet holes were found in his military uniform. It was initially stated by the military commandment at the time of the murder that there were two bullet holes.
A justice initiative was launched in Turkey devoted to the case of Sevag Balıkçı. Members of the panel include the mother of Sevag, Ani Balıkçı, Arat Dink, Kerem Kabadayı, Ufuk Uras, Rakel Dink, and others. The initiative protested the court's decision in letting suspect Kıvanç Ağaoğlu free and proclaimed that Sevag was murdered due to a hate crime. Kerem Kabadayı remarked that "If this hate crime goes unpunished, the Armenian youth in Turkey will be under threat." | 2010 |
30576019 | Silvio Berlusconi prostitution trial | 2011-01-22 07:55:00+00:00 | Silvio Berlusconi, then the Prime Minister of Italy, was accused and initially convicted of paying 17-year-old Moroccan Karima El Mahroug, also known by the stage name Ruby Rubacuori (Italian for "Ruby the Heartstealer"), for sexual services between February and May 2010 when she was under the age of 18; he was found not guilty on appeal. He was found not guilty on appeal also, formerly convicted of malfeasance in office (Italian: concussione) by arranging to have El Mahroug released from police detention during an incident in which she was briefly held on claims of theft. On 24 June 2013, the Court of First Instance sentenced Berlusconi to seven years in prison, and banned him from public office for life. Berlusconi appealed the sentence, and on 18 July 2014, an appeals court overturned Berlusconi's conviction, thus making him once again eligible to hold elected office.
On 27 May 2010, El Mahroug was arrested by the police in Milan after being accused of the theft of €3000. Since she was not carrying any legal or identification documents, the officers took her to the local police headquarters to identify her and for questioning.
After a couple of hours, while she was being questioned, Berlusconi, who was at the time in Paris, called the head of the police in Milan and pressured for her release, claiming the girl was the niece of then-Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and that in order to avoid a diplomatic crisis, she was to be brought to the custody of Nicole Minetti. Minetti was known for previous associations with Berlusconi, having danced for Colorado Cafe, a show on one of Berlusconi's TV channels, and on Scorie, an Italian version of Candid Camera. In November 2009 she became a dental hygienist, and shortly afterward treated Berlusconi for two broken teeth and facial injuries after he was attacked with a marble statue at a political rally. In February 2010, she was selected as one of the candidates representing Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party, despite her lack of any political experience, and was seated on the Regional Council of Lombardy the following month.
Following repeated telephone calls by Berlusconi to the police authorities, El Mahroug was eventually released and entrusted to Minetti's care. The Guardian reported that according to a series of media reports in October 2010, Berlusconi had met El Mahroug, then 17, through Minetti. Mahroug insisted that she had not slept with the then-74-year-old prime minister. She told Italian newspapers that she merely attended dinner at his mansion near Milan. El Mahroug said she sat next to Berlusconi, who later took her upstairs and gave her an envelope containing €7000. She said he also gave her jewelry.
In January 2011, Berlusconi was placed under criminal investigation relating to El Mahroug for allegedly having sex with an underage person and for abuse of office relating to her release from detention. Berlusconi's lawyers were quick to deny the allegations as "absurd and without foundation" and called the investigation a "serious interference with the private life of the prime minister without precedent in the judicial history of the country".
The Telegraph reported on 6 March 2011 that prosecutors were days from requesting charges against Emilio Fede, a television anchorman, and Lele Mora, a well-known celebrity agent, for procuring underage girls in a "vast pimping network" to attend "bunga bunga" sex parties with the prime minister. According to the prosecutors' dossier, Fede 'discovered' El Mahroug when acting as a judge at a beauty pageant in Sicily in September 2009, and passed her on to Mora's office in central Milan, which served as a "form of 'clearing centre' for women eager to enter the prime minister's circle in pursuit of money, gifts and help with their show business careers".
While the investigators claim to have evidence from lawful interception of mobile phone conversations, Berlusconi denied the allegations through his lawyers, who called the investigation absurd and without foundation. Vote by parliamentarian majority took place on 5 April 2011, in order to assert ministeriality, but it was reversed later by the Constitutional Court.
On 15 February 2011, a judge indicted Berlusconi to stand trial on charges carrying up to 15 years in prison. Paying for sex with a minor in Italy is punished within a range of six months to three years' imprisonment, while the crime of malfeasance in office (Italian: concussione) is more severely punished, from four years to twelve years' imprisonment, as it is considered a type of extortion committed by a public officer.
The fast-track trial opened on 6 April 2011 and was adjourned until 31 May 2011. El Mahroug's lawyer said that Mahroug would not be attaching herself to the case as a civil complainant and denies that she ever made herself available for money. Another alleged victim, Giorgia Iafrate, also decided not to be a party to the case. In January 2013, judges rejected an application from Berlusconi's lawyers to have the trial adjourned so that it would not interfere with Italy's 2013 general election in which Berlusconi participated.
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On 24 June 2013, Berlusconi was found guilty of paying for sex with the underaged El Mahroug and of abusing his office. He was sentenced by the Court of First Instance to seven years in prison, one more year than had been requested by the prosecution, and banned from public office for life.
In January 2014, Berlusconi deposited an appeal against the judgment, requesting its complete absolution. The appeal process began on 20 June. On 18 July 2014, the Italian appeals court announced the appeal had been successful and the convictions against Berlusconi were being overturned. According to the court's published summary of the judgement, Berlusconi was acquitted from the extortion charges (abuse of power) because "the fact does not exist" and from the child prostitution charge because "the fact is not a crime". The more detailed court reasoning for acquittal will be published within 90 days, and the prosecutor stated he would then most likely appeal the decision to the Court of Cassation. In March 2015, Berlusconi's acquittal was upheld by high court.
On 28 January 2017, an Italian court ordered Berlusconi to stand trial on 4 April 2017 on charges of allegedly bribing witnesses with €10 million (US$11 million) in order to silence them over accusations he paid for sex with young women. | 2010 |
46937048 | Ivor Callely expenses scandal | 2015-06-10 00:49:29+00:00 | The Ivor Callely expenses scandal centred on the Fianna Fáil senator Ivor Callely. The scandal resulted in Callely's resignation from the Fianna Fáil party, as well as a jail sentence.
On 30 May 2010, it was revealed under a Freedom of Information Act request, that Callely had claimed expenses totalling €81,015 since 2007 for overnight and travel expenses to a house in County Cork. Callely said that following the loss of his Dáil seat in 2007, he took up residence in Cork. After his nomination to the Seanad, Callely informed Oireachtas officials in December 2007 that his "current principal residence" was Kilcrohane, Bantry in County Cork, which is 370 km from Leinster House.
The Irish Independent reported that he was still politically active in Dublin, ran a constituency office on the northside of Dublin and attended Fianna Fáil meetings locally. On 1 June 2010, the Taoiseach Brian Cowen requested a written explanation from Callely about his expense claims. Speaking in the Seanad on 2 June 2010, Callely insisted that he had fully complied with regulations. He said that he had always made it clear that he had a residence in west Cork, as well as a home in Clontarf and a constituency office in Dublin North–Central. He resigned as the Fianna Fáil party whip on 5 June 2010. He claimed a €140 "overnight" allowance on hundreds of occasions when attending the Seanad – even though he stayed in his Dublin home on the nights in question.
In July 2010, the Oireachtas Select Committee on Members' Interests investigated Callely's travel expenses. It found that he had breached a section of the 2001 Standards in Public Office Act, by misrepresenting his normal place of residence for the purpose of claiming allowances. As a result, he was suspended from the Seanad for 20 days without pay.
On 1 August 2010, the Irish Daily Mail revealed that in November 2007, Callely claimed €2,907 for mobile phone handsets and car kits purchased from a company called Business Communications Limited between 2002 and 2005. This company had ceased trading in 1994, eight years before Callely's earliest claim. The departments of which he was a minister between 2002 and 2005 paid €33,000 in phone bills for his constituency office, mobile and home phones, including the purchase of new phones.
On 3 August 2010 following the revelations in the Irish Daily Mail, Callely was suspended without prejudice from the Fianna Fáil party pending the outcome of an internal investigation.
On 23 August 2010, The Irish Times reported that a further complaint against Callely was received by the committee investigating his expenses claims, relating to his alleged failure to declare in his annual Oireachtas statement of interest all his property assets that are not for family use.
He resigned from the Fianna Fáil organisation on 24 August 2010. Senator Dan Boyle of the Green Party called on Callely to resign from the Seanad, saying that "the longer he serves as a Senator, the more discredit he brings on the Seanad."
Callely took a legal challenge to the Oireachtas committee that suspended him. It was heard in the High Court in October 2010. Lawyers for Callely told the court that the committee had portrayed him as 'a pariah' who had ripped off the State to the sum of €80,000, and as 'a chancer', 'a rogue', and 'thoroughly despicable'. He sought to overturn his suspension, to declare that the committee erred in law, and to halt further investigation against him and also financial damages. Several of his former Fianna Fáil colleagues, including Mary Hanafin, criticised him for dragging Oireachtas business into the courts. The High Court ruled in Callely's favour. It found his right to fair procedures and natural justice had been breached. Justice Iarfhlaith O'Neill issued formal orders quashing the decision of the committee and its resolution to suspend him. Callely was awarded €17,000 for loss of earnings during his 20-day suspension, as well as being awarded costs. Callely said he was delighted with the result which clearly vindicated his position.
The committee appealed the ruling to the Supreme Court, which voted 4–3 on 9 April 2014 to overturn the High Court ruling.
Callely was arrested on 25 January 2012 concerning allegations he had used forged receipts for mobile phone kits.
On 27 April 2012, Callely was fined €150 in court for driving without an NCT disc displayed.
In May 2012, the Irish Independent revealed that Callely was overpaid almost €6,000 in mileage expenses while he was a Minister of State in 2004–05. The error was discovered in 2010 but he has refused to pay back the money. Callely was asked by the Department of Transport to make proposals for repayment on a goodwill basis; he replied that due to the need to devote his energy to other proceedings he was not in a position to deal with this issue.
On 19 April 2013, Callely was arrested and taken to Clontarf Garda Station, where he was charged in connection with alleged fraud and theft offences. The charges were reported to relate to an ongoing investigation about the alleged use of false invoices to claim expenses for the purchase of mobile phones. Later that day he was charged with six counts of using fraudulent instruments in the Dublin Criminal Courts of Justice. He was granted bail on his own bond of €250. On 3 March 2014, Callely pleaded guilty to making false mobile phone expenses claims while he was a member of the Oireachtas. On 28 July 2014 he was sentenced to 5 months in prison. In passing the sentence, Judge Mary Ellen Ring ruled that Callely's position at the time was an aggravating factor and said that a prison term was demanded by the public interest. He served his sentence at Wheatfield Prison in Clondalkin, Dublin. | 2010 |
29484044 | Li Gang incident | 2010-11-05 15:05:04+00:00 | The Li Gang incident occurred on the evening of October 16, 2010, inside Hebei University in Baoding in Hebei province of China, when a black Volkswagen Magotan traveling down a narrow lane hit two university students. One of them, 20-year-old Chen Xiaofeng (陈晓凤), a student from Shijiazhuang at the Electronic Information Engineering College died later in the hospital. The other victim, Zhang Jingjing (张晶晶), aged 19, remained in a stable condition, albeit suffering from a fractured left leg.
The drunk driver, 22-year-old Li Qiming (李启铭), tried to escape the scene and continued driving to the female dormitory to drop off his girlfriend. When arrested by security guards, convinced his father's position would give him immunity, he shouted out, "Go ahead, sue me if you dare. My dad is Li Gang!" (有本事你们告去，我爸是李刚, , pinyin: Yǒu běnshì nǐmen gào qù, wǒ bà shì Lǐ Gāng)
After outrage erupted on Chinese internet forums, a doxing search revealed that Li Gang was the deputy director of the local public security bureau. Four days after the incident, an online poetry contest invited entrants to incorporate the sentence "My father is Li Gang" (我爸是李刚, pinyin: Wǒ bà shì Lǐ Gāng) into classical Chinese poems. The contest was created by a female blogger in northern China nicknamed Piggy Feet Beta on MOP, a popular Chinese bulletin board system. It received more than 6,000 submissions. The phrase has since become a popular catchphrase and internet meme within China, frequently seen on various forums and message boards, and in similar competitions using ad slogans and song lyrics, and used ironically in conversation by speakers trying to avoid responsibility.
Communist Party officials tried at first to suppress reports of the incident, but their efforts backfired. During an interview with China Central Television on 21 October, Li Gang wept in an apology; then on 22 October, a video showing Li Qiming's apology was released. The apology was rejected by the victims' families, including Chen’s elder brother who believed the apology to be a political stunt. The People's Daily, in an editorial published on October 26, urged authorities to take the affair into their own hands and shed light on the matter.
On October 29, the South China Morning Post and other sources revealed that a directive from the Central Propaganda Department, issued on October 28, required that there be "no more hype regarding the disturbance over traffic at Hebei University," and ordered Chinese newspapers to recall their reporters from Baoding.
On November 1, Zhang Kai, the attorney for the relatives of Chen Xiaofeng, was abruptly asked to terminate his representation in the case, after the law firm was cautioned by the Beijing Bureau of Justice, according to a blog by Wang Keqin, an influential Chinese muckraking reporter,
blogger and professor at Peking University. That same day, Director Liu of Baoding Traffic Police Division and some clerks from Wangdu County proposed payments to the relatives of Chen Xiaofeng to settle the case.
On November 4, the Central Propaganda Department banned news of an interview by Phoenix Television with Chen Xiaofeng’s brother, Chen Lin, in which he was critical of the government.
On November 9, Internet discussion of the case had ceased due to regulations, but local students and activists such as Ai Weiwei have continued to speak out.
On January 2011, Li Qiming was arrested. He was sentenced to six years in jail and ordered to pay the equivalent of $69,900 in compensation to the family of Chen Xiaofeng. Li was also ordered to pay $13,800 to the injured woman.
October 16, 2010, around 21:40: Hebei Institute of Media student Li Qiming drove drunk and hit two female students, Chen Xiaofeng and Zhang Jingjing, after picking up his girlfriend. After the crash Li shouted "My father is Li Gang!”, referring to his father's status and influence as the deputy director of Baoding public security bureau, Hebei province.
October 17, in the evening: Chen Xiaofeng dies in the hospital. The other student, Zhang Jingjing, received only a minor injury and was kept in the hospital.
October 18: Rumors begin to spread that the Hebei Institute of Media was telling students who witnessed the crash to stop discussing the crash and discouraged further discussion of the topic in general.
October 22: Li Qiming and his father Li Gang broadcast a tearful apology on CCTV (China Central Television) to the victims.
October 26: The governor of the Hebei province announced that the drunk-driving crash will be processed as a serious legal offence.
November 5: Chen's family and Li's family settled out of court for a compensation of 460,000 yuan.
November 7: Chen Xiaofeng was buried.
December 14: Chen's lawyer, Zhang Kai, was beaten in the street. He posted on his blog that he thought that there might be some connection between the government and the gangster that was involved.
December 21: The Baoding public security bureau announced that this crash counted as a criminal case, which made it impossible to settle out of court. Suspect Li Qiming was still imprisoned.
January 26, 2011: Wangdu county, Hebei people's court opened its court session of the crash. Li was charged with committing the crime of causing traffic casualties. Chen's family was there in the audience.
January 30: The court sentenced Li Qiming to jail for 6 years and ordered him to pay both victims some restitution. | 2010 |
61491119 | A. P. Indian | 2019-08-11 14:35:42+00:00 | A. P. Indian (foaled May 6, 2010 ) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2016 Belmont Sprint Championship Stakes.
Owned and bred by Richard & Sue Masson's Green Lantern Stables LLC, A. P. Indian's first race was on October 8, 2012, at Delaware Park Racetrack where he came in first. He also won his second race on September 6, 2013, this time at Churchill Downs.
A. P. Indian got his first stakes win at the May 9, 2015, Decathlon Stakes and won both the 2015 and 2016 editions of the Donald LeVine Memorial Stakes.
He got his first graded win on July 9, 2016, at the Belmont Sprint Championship Stakes.
He then won a series of graded races throughout 2016, with wins at the Alfred G. Vanderbilt Handicap, the Forego Handicap and the Phoenix Stakes, which was ultimately his final win.
He competed in the 2016 Breeders' Cup Sprint, coming in third and then finished his career with a second-place finish in the 2017 Maryland Sprint Handicap.
A. P. Indian was retired on July 31, 2017, after an ankle injury. | 2010 |
52156518 | Almandin (horse) | 2016-11-01 07:34:48+00:00 | Almandin (foaled 27 March 2010) is a Thoroughbred racehorse bred in Germany and trained in Germany and Australia.
He was the winner of the 2016 Melbourne Cup, ridden by Kerrin McEvoy and trained by Robert Hickmott.
Almandin is a bay gelding bred in Germany by Gestüt Schlenderhan. He was sired by Monsun, who also sired the 2013 Melbourne Cup winner, Fiorente, and the 2014 Melbourne Cup winner, Protectionist. Almandin's dam Anatola was a half-sister to the German Oaks winner Amarette.
In his first two seasons, Almandin was trained in Europe by Wilhelm Giedt and then Jean-Pierre Carvalho and raced in France and Germany. On 1 June 2014 he recorded his biggest victory in Europe when he won the Group Two Grosser Preis der Badischen Unternehmen over 2000 metres, beating Protectionist by three quarters of a length. He then had a lengthy spell due to an issue with a tendon.
In 2016, Almandin began racing in Australia, in the colours of Lloyd Williams and trained by Robert Hickmott. Williams syndicated the gelding with music promoter Michael Gudinski, Sydney businessman and thoroughbred owner John Ingham, Quiksilver founder Alan Green, Rip Curl co-founder Brian Singer and construction industry figures Vin Sammartino and Phil Mehrten.
In his first Australian run, over 1600 metres in June 2016, Almandin finished sixth; he then recorded two further unplaced finishes. On 24 September 2016, he won the Listed Harry White Classic over 2400 metres at Caulfield Racecourse beating his stablemate Assign by two lengths. Eight days later, he was moved up in class and distance for the Group 3 Bart Cummings over 2500 metres at Flemington. Ridden as in his previous start by Damien Oliver he started favourite and won by one and a half lengths from Zanteca.
On 1 November 2016, Almandin started at odds of around 10/1 for the Melbourne Cup at Flemington. Ridden by Kerrin McEvoy, he engaged in a stirring duel with the Irish challenger Heartbreak City for most of the straight, before taking the lead and winning in the final strides. | 2010 |
53486009 | Altior | 2017-03-14 20:43:18+00:00 | Altior (foaled 6 May 2010) is an Irish-bred British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who competes in National Hunt races. After winning one of his three National Hunt Flat races he was unbeaten in five hurdle races including the Sharp Novices' Hurdle and Supreme Novices' Hurdle. In the 2016/2017 National Hunt season he won six consecutive steeplechases including the Henry VIII Novices' Chase, Wayward Lad Novices' Chase, Game Spirit Chase, Arkle Challenge Trophy and the Celebration Chase.
Altior (Latin for "Higher") is a bay gelding with a white star bred in Ireland by Paddy Behan. In June 2013 the three-year-old gelding was auctioned at the Goffs National Hunt sale and was bought for €60,000 by Highflyer Bloodstock. He entered the ownership of Patricia Pugh and was sent into training with Nicky Henderson at Upper Lambourn in Berkshire.
Altior's sire High Chaparral won The Derby in 2002 and the Breeders' Cup Turf in 2002 and 2003. His other progeny included So You Think, Dundeel, Free Eagle and Toronado. His dam Monte Solaro won two National Hunt races and has produced several other winners. She was a distant female line descendant of the influential French broodmare Democratie.
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Altior began his racing career in a National Hunt Flat race at Market Rasen Racecourse on 18 May in which he started the 4/6 favourite in a seven-runner field. Ridden by Nico de Boinville he led from the start and won in "impressive" style by fourteen lengths. After an absence of nearly nine months the gelding returned in a Listed National Hunt Flat race at Newbury Racecourse in which he started favourite and finished third behind Barters Hill and Buveur d'Air (also trained by Henderson). He was then sent to Ireland for the Grade 1 Champion INH Flat Race at Punchestown on 29 April and finished sixth of the thirteen runner behind Bellshill.
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In the 2015/2016 National Hunt season Altior was campaigned in novice hurdle races. He made his debut over obstacles at Chepstow Racecourse on 10 October and won by thirty-four lengths from Murray Mount. Three weeks later he won at Ascot Racecourse beating Ch'Tibello by one and a quarter lengths despite making a bad mistake at the final flight of hurdles. On 15 November Altior was moved up in class for the Grade 2 Sharp Novices' Hurdle at Cheltenham Racecourse and started the 2/1 favourite. After racing in second place he took the lead at the second last and held off a strong challenge from Maputo to win by half a length. On 26 December he won again, taking a novice hurdle at Kempton Park Racecourse by thirteen lengths from the Willie Mullins-trained Open Eagle.
On 15 March 2016 Altior made his first appearance at the Cheltenham Festival when he was one of fourteen horses to contest the Supreme Novices' Hurdle and started the 4/1 second favourite behind Min, an Irish gelding who had won the Moscow Flyer Novice Hurdle on his last start. The other runners included Buveur d'Air, Bellshill, Charbel and Petit Mouchoir. After racing in mid-division, he began to make progress after the fifth of the eight hurdles and took the lead approaching the final obstacle. He accelerated away from his rivals to win by seven lengths from Min, with his stablemate Buveur d'Air taking third place. After the race Henderson said "He always looked to be in the right place, Nico gave him a great ride. I was always happy and he's very good. He and Buveur D'Air have both run cracking races" while de Boinville commented "I was seriously impressed... We know he stays and that's what he did. I think he outstayed them."
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The 2016/2017 National Hunt season saw Altior competing in novice chases starting with the Starlight Novice's Chase at Kempton on 21 November which he won by sixty-three lengths at odds of 2/13. Henderson commented that he had been considering aiming the horse at the Champion Hurdle and added "he's got serious pace. You could win a Flat race with Altior any day you like". Two weeks later he started at odds of 2/7 when he was moved up in class for the Grade 1 Henry VIII Novices' Chase at Sandown Park. After racing in third place, he took the lead after jumping the final fence and "sprinted clear" to in by four lengths from Charbel. His rider Noel Fehily said "I was most impressed with him going to the last, I was a length down, he winged it and in two strides he was three lengths clear. I thought it was very impressive". The Grade 2 Wayward Lad Novices' Chase at Kempton saw Altior start at odds of 1/9 against three opponents. He took the lead at the third last fence and won "very easily" by eighteen lengths from Marracudja. After the race Henderson said "I think he is a very good horse. Going round here on his first chase he was good and at Sandown he was also good. Today you could see he had really worked it out. What he did just now was really 10 out of 10".
On 11 February 2017 Altior was matched against more experienced chasers in the Game Spirit Chase at Newbury in which his opponents were Dodging Bullets, Fox Norton (Summit Juvenile Hurdle, Cheltenham Chase) and Traffic Fluide. Starting at odds of 30/100 and ridden as on his three previous starts by Fehily he led for most of the way, drew clear of his rivals at the fourth-last fence and won by fourteen lengths from Fox Norton.
Having won nine successive races, Altior returned to the Cheltenham Festival of 14 March 2017 and started the 1/4 favourite for the Arkle Challenge Trophy. The best fancied of his opponents were Royal Caviar, Charbel, Forest Bihan (Lightning Novices' Chase) and Cloudy Dream. After racing in second place, Altior was left in front when Charbel fell and the second last and stayed on well to win by six lengths from Cloudy Dream.
On the final day of the season, at Sandown Park, Altior beat Champion Chase winner Special Tiara by 8 lengths in the Celebration Chase (in which he started 30/100 favourite). Timeform gave Altior a rating of 175p following this performance ranking him as second only to Douvan on 182.
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Henderson identified the Tingle Creek Chase as Altior's first target for the 2017/18 season, with the Queen Mother Champion Chase as his long-term objective. In mid-November however this plan was scrapped when Altior developed a breathing problem which required surgery on his larynx and eliminated him from the Tingle Creek Chase. Henderson commented "hopefully he will be back in time for the Champion Chase at Cheltenham in March and perhaps the other championship races in the spring". The trainer was forced to defend his conduct in the matter, having stated just two days previously that the horse was "totally on target" for the Tingle Creek and then announcing the breathing problem in his blog on the website of online betting firm Unibet.
Altior eventually made his seasonal reappearance on 10 February 2018 in the Game Spirit Chase where he was ridden by Nico de Boinville and faced by two rivals in the Tingle Creek Chase winner Politologue and Valdez. In a race run on very soft going Politologue made most of the running but Altior came to challenge over the last two fences, took the lead at the last and won comfortably by four lengths. Henderson said after the race "If you’d dreamt what would happen, that would just about have been it," Henderson said. "He's just got class. His work is so easy. We’re very lucky to have a wonderful bunch of horses, but we haven’t got much that can go with him. He's done some good bits of work with other horses, but he's just better than them."
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Altior made a winning start to his 2018/2019 season when winning the Tingle Creek Chase at Sandown on 8 December 2018. He ended the calendar year by romping home to win the Desert Orchid Chase on 27 December 2018.
His next start came in the Clarence House Chase at Ascot, he opposed two rivals, Fox Norton and Diego Du Charmil. He led the full way round and was unchallenged winning by 7 lengths, although jumping left.
Altior returned to the Cheltenham Festival and was sent off at odds of 4/11 to retain his Champion Chase crown. Following Saint Calvados and then taking over 3 out, with a pack of rivals looming behind waiting to pounce, briefly headed by Sceau Royal, Nico de Boinville got to work on his mount and his trademark turbocharged finished kicked in and he surged clear and asserted towards the finish. He has now won at four consecutive Cheltenham Festivals and matched Big Buck's record of 18 wins in a row.
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Altior's 19-race winning streak was ended at Ascot in November 2019 by Cyrname in the Grade 2 Christy 1965 Chase. He then missed out on running in both the Silviniaco Conti Chase and Clarence House Chase in January after recovering from an abscess but returned to form with a win in Newbury's Game Spirit Chase. | 2010 |
61492375 | Ayusan | 2019-08-11 18:01:14+00:00 | Ayusan (Japanese: アユサン, foaled 21 February 2010) is a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for her win in the 2013 Oka Sho. As a two-year-old she won on her debut before finishing second in the Artemis Stakes and seventh in the Hanshin Juvenile Fillies. In the following year she ran third the Tulip Sho before taking the Oka Sho and went on to finish fourth in the Yushun Himba. After failing in two starts in 2014 she was retired from racing.
Ayusan is a bay mare with a white star and snip and four white socks bred in Japan by Shimokobe Farm. During her racing career she was owned by Juichi Hoshin and trained by Takahisa Tezuka. She was ridden in most of her races by Genki Maruyama.
She was from the third crop of foals sired by Deep Impact, who was the Japanese Horse of the Year in 2005 and 2006, winning races including the Tokyo Yushun, Tenno Sho, Arima Kinen and Japan Cup. Deep Impact's other progeny include Gentildonna, Harp Star, Kizuna, A Shin Hikari, Marialite and Saxon Warrior. Ayusan's dam Buy The Cat was a Kentucky-bred mare who won one minor race from three starts and was exported to Japan after being sold for $60,000 at Keeneland in November 2006. She was a descendant of the American broodmare Demolition, making her a distant relative of the St Leger winner Lucarno.
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Ayusan began her track career in a contest for previously unraced juveniles over 1400 metres at Tokyo Racecourse on 6 October and won from Hishi Last Guy and eleven others. Four weeks later at the same track she was stepped up in class and distance for the Listed Artemis Stakes over 1600 metres in which she finished a close second to Collector Item. Despite her defeat she was moved up to the highest class for the Grade 1 Hanshin Juvenile Fillies in December and came home seventh of the eighteen runners, four lengths behind the winner Robe Tissage.
In the Japanese Thoroughbred rankings for two-year-olds on Ayusan was given a rating of 104, making her the seventh-best filly of her generation, four pounds below the top-rated Robe Tissage.
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On her three-year-old debut Ayusan started at odds of 12.6/1 for the Tulip Sho (a major trial race for the Oka Sho) over 1600 metres at Hanshin and finished third, beaten three and a half lengths and three quarters of a length by Kuforfune Surprise and Win Primera. Cristian Demuro took the ride (Maruyama was injured) when Ayusan started a 17/1 outsider for 73rd running of the Oka Sho at Hanshin on 7 April. Kurofune Surprise started favourite, while the other sixteen runners included Red Oval, Crown Rose (Fairy Stakes), Tosen Soleil, Meisho Mambo, Robe Tissage and Collector Item. Ayusan raced in mid-division before overcoming an obstructed run early in the straight to overtake the front-running Kurofune Surprise 200 metres from the finish. She repelled the late run of Red Opal to win by a neck with third place going to the 86/1 outsider Princess Jack.
At Tokyo on 19 May, with Maruyama in the saddle, Ayusan went off at odds of 5.5/1 for the Yushun Himba over 2400 metres. She finished fourth of the eighteen runners behind Meisho Mambo, Ever Blossom and Denim And Ruby.
In the Japanese Thoroughbred rankings for three-year-olds on turf Ayusan was given a rating of 110, making her the fourth-best filly of her generation, six pounds below the top-rated Denim And Ruby.
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Ayusan remained in training as a four-year-old but made little impact in her two races. She finished last of the fifteen runners behind Just A Way in the Nakayama Kinen over 1800 metres in April and then ran eleventh in the following month at the same track in the Lord Derby Challenge Trophy, five lengths behind the winner Curren Black Hill.
Ayusan was retired from racing to become a broodmare. She has produced four foals:
Astrantia, a chestnut filly, foaled in 2016, sired by King Kamehameha. Unraced.
Applause Yu, bay filly, 2017, by Rulership. Failed to win in four races.
Upstream, bay filly, 2018, by King Kamehameha. Won two races.
Engidaruma, bay colt, 2019, by Rulership. Won one race.
Dolce More, bay colt, 2020, by Rulership. Won Asahi Hai Futurity Stakes. | 2010 |
53479258 | Bal a Bali | 2017-03-14 06:40:59+00:00 | Bal a Bali (foaled September 22, 2010) is a Brazilian-bred Thoroughbred racehorse that won the Brazilian Rio de Janeiro Triple Crown in 2014, the twelfth horse to do so. He was named the Brazilian Horse of the Year of 2013/2014, having won all eight starts that year with several track records to his credit.
In July 2014, he was sold to new owners and shipped to America but came down with a life-threatening bout of laminitis. After intensive treatment, he was finally able to return to the race track a year later, with mixed results. Late in 2016, he was sold again, this time to Calumet Farm for use as a breeding stallion. However, his trainer Richard Mandella convinced the owners to keep the horse active for another year and Bal a Bali responded by winning the Frank E. Kilroe Mile and Shoemaker Mile Stakes. He is the second survivor of laminitis to return and win a Grade I race (the first being Lady Eli in the 2016 Flower Bowl), marking significant progress in the treatment of the disease.
Bal a Bali is a dark bay stallion who was bred by Haras Santa Maria de Araras, which is owned by Brazilian banker Julio Bozano. Bal a Bali is sired by Put It Back, a stakes winning son of Honour and Glory. Put It Back became a leading sire in Florida and also has sired multiple winners in Brazil where Bozano had arranged for him to stand during the southern hemisphere's breeding season. As a descendant of the relatively rare In Reality sire line that traces back through Man o' War to the Godolphin Arabian, Put It Back is an outcross for most mares. Bal a Bali is out of the stakes-winning mare In My Side, who was bought by Bozano at a dispersal sale in Brazil.
The resulting foal, named Bal a Bali by Bozano's wife, was a well-built colt who was calm and easy to handle. He was sold as a yearling to Alvaro Novis, a successful Brazilian businessman. He was originally trained by Dulcino Guignoni, who had previously trained Brazilian Triple Crown winners Virginie (1998) and Be Fair (2000).
At age two, Bal a Bali won three of four races, all held at the Hipódromo da Gávea in Rio de Janeiro. He won his debut on February 2, 2013, raced at a distance of 1000m (about 5 furlongs), by 8+1⁄2 lengths. He followed up with wins in the Classico Jose Calmon on March 2 and the Group III Grande Prêmio Mario de Azevedo Ribeiro on March 31 before suffering his first loss in the Group II Grande Prêmio Conde de Herzberg on May 26.
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Bal a Bali started his three-year-old campaign on September 14, 2013 in the Leiloes Jockey Club Brasileiro - Versao Potros, run at a distance of 1600m (about 1 mile), and won by 5+1⁄2 lengths in a time of 1:33.37 on soft turf. He next won the Ernani De Freitas on October 26 and the Group III Grande Prêmio Julio Capua on December 1. On January 12, he won his first Group I race, the Grande Prêmio Estado do Rio de Janeiro, which is the first leg of the Rio de Janeiro Triple Crown. His time of 1:31.36 for the 1600m was not only a track record, it was also one of the fastest times ever run at the distance.
On February 16, Bal a Bali returned to win the second leg of the Triple Crown, the Grande Prêmio Francisco Eduardo de Paula Machado, in a time of 1:59.25 for the distance of 2,000m. He then completed the Triple Crown by winning the Grande Prêmio Cruzeiro do Sul on March 16. His time of 2:23.25 for the distance of 2,400m (about 12 furlongs) was a new track record.
Bal a Bali rounded out his three-year-old season with wins in the Group II Grande Prêmio Doutor Frontin on May 11 and the Group I Grande Prêmio Brasil on June 8. The latter victory gave Bal a Bali an automatic berth in the Breeders' Cup Turf as part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge "Win and You're In" series. Bal a Bali was named the Brazilian Champion Three-Year-Old Colt and Horse of the Year of 2013/2014.
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In July 2014, Bal a Bali was sold for $1.5 million to Fox Hill Farm, owned by Rick Porter, and Siena Farm. He was shipped to a quarantine facility in Miami and arrived with a scrape on his hind leg. A veterinarian was called in and detected signs of impending laminitis, a hoof condition that causes serious pain and is a leading cause of death in horses. The horse was quickly moved to Palm Beach Equine Clinic, where early and aggressive action proved to be the key to the horse's survival.
Dr Vernon Dryden of Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital said that Bal a Bali had full-blown laminitis: the coffin bone was displaced and had rotated down and away from the wall of the hoof. Treatments included use of a cold water spa (cryotherapy) and injection of several doses of stem cells into the bone marrow. Bal a Bali developed a large abscess on his foot that Dryden opened and then treated with sterile maggots to prevent sepsis. Bal a Bali also had issues with his kidneys and dorsal colitis that required further care. "He had a gamut of issues and was a pretty sick boy for a while," said Dryden. "He was definitely a lucky guy to get through it."
By September, Bal a Bali had recovered enough to be sent from Miami to Siena Farm in Kentucky. His handlers continued with the spa treatment and were soon able to turn the horse out for brief periods to forage for grass. A vibration plate was also used to help restore circulation in the hoof. Over the next months, his handlers gradually increased the amount of exercise to build up muscle while regrowing the hoof. He was first put on a walker, then had weight added, then finally started light jogging on a nearby training track.
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Bal a Bali finally returned to the racetrack on May 9, 2015 after an absence of nearly 11 months in the Grade III American Stakes at Santa Anita. Racing behind the early pace, Bal a Bali squeezed between horses to find racing room in the stretch, then drew off to win by a length from Talco. "He has worked so good in the mornings, so I was pretty confident," said jockey Flavien Prat. "He just repeated his works today. I wasn't really surprised. He was the champion in Brazil, so he can be the champion here. Why not?"
Bal a Bali made his next start on June 15 in the Grade I Shoemaker Mile, where he was moving well around the turn and looked like a possible winner. However, he flattened in the stretch and finished fifth behind Talco. Mandella subsequently detected a small bone chip in one of his ankles, but the condition was not serious. Bal a Bali returned on August 23 in the Del Mar Handicap, where he finished eighth. On October 30, Mandella entered him in an allowance optional claiming race at Del Mar, and Bal a Bali responded with a 1+3⁄4-length victory. He completed the year by finishing second to Midnight Storm in the Seabiscuit Handicap.
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Bal a Bali had a disappointing six-year-old campaign, going winless in five starts. He finished third in the San Gabriel Stakes on January 2, 2016, third in the Frank E. Kilroe Mile on March 12 and third again in the San Francisco Mile on April 30. On May 29, he finished fourth in the Charles Whittingham Stakes and then finished eighth in the Gold Cup at Santa Anita on June 25 in his first start on the dirt.
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Bal a Bali was originally scheduled to retire to stud at Calumet Farm in 2017 but Mandella had other ideas. "I gave him some time off, and they thought, if he didn't train well, he could go to stud," Mandella said. "But he's training too good to go to stud." Instead, Bal a Bali was entered in the Group I Frank E. Kilroe Mile on March 11, 2017 where he was the 9-1 longshot in a highly competitive field of six. Bal a Bali raced in the middle of the pack during the early going, then gradually closed ground in the stretch to win by a head over What a View, who had won the 2016 renewal of the race. Bal a Bali became one of the first horses to come back from laminitis and win a Grade I race.
Bal a Bali finished fifth in his next start, the Woodford Reserve Turf Classic on a rain-softened course at Churchill Downs on May 6. On June 3, he returned to win the Shoemaker Mile at Santa Anita with a powerful closing run. "He's had some problems in his life and overcame them," said Mandella. "He's very fortunate to have had two sets of owners that are the best in the business and were willing to do what's right for him, and the results of that are what we saw today."
On August 20, Bal a Bali made what would prove to be his final start in the Del Mar Mile Handicap, finishing sixth. He was next being pointed to the Breeders' Cup Mile but Mandella felt he was not training at a high enough level so the decision was made to retire him. "He's had problems ever since he came here and he's dealt with them and had success – success beyond expectations", said Mandella.
Bal a Bali was retired to stud at Calumet Farm, where he stood his first season in 2018 for a fee of $15,000. His first foals came of racing age in 2021. That year, he was #16 on the first-crop sire list in the United States. He was ranked 19th as a second-crop sire in 2022.
As of 2024, Bal a Bali stands at Calumet Farm for an advertised stud fee of $5,000.
*Bal a Bali is inbred 4S × 4D to the mare Gonfalon, meaning that she appears fourth generation on the sire side of his pedigree and fourth generation on the dam side of his pedigree. | 2010 |
36252610 | Herobrine | 2012-06-26 11:02:24+00:00 | Herobrine is an urban legend and creepypasta from the video game Minecraft, originating from an anonymous post on the imageboard website 4chan in 2010. He is depicted as a version of the Minecraft character Steve, but with solid white eyes that lack pupils. In numerous iterations, Herobrine has possessed several different unnatural abilities, from constructing unusual structures to possessing animals such as sheep. Other claims about Herobrine include those that describe him to be the deceased brother of Notch, the creator of Minecraft. After the original sightings were published on 4chan, livestreamers Copeland and Patimuss created their own takes on the story, staging sightings and the former creating a webpage oriented around the character.
After the livestreams, interest in the character rose tremendously. Herobrine became a popular part of the Minecraft community, with interest in the character sparking numerous people to create their own alleged sightings of the character, as well as creating Minecraft mods that add him to the game. Interest in the character continued into the 2020s, leading to the rediscovery of media related to the original sightings. Herobrine has been considered one of the most notable legends in video games, with his popularity leading to him ranking on a poll for the best video game villains despite never existing. The character has effectively become an internet meme.
In 2010, during Minecraft's alpha stage of development, an anonymous post was made on 4chan's /v/ board, where the author claimed to encounter a mysterious entity while playing Minecraft. The post claimed that shortly after starting a new world in Minecraft, the author saw what they believed to be a cow in the distance, which they approached in order to kill it. Upon approaching it, they instead saw a second player character with solid white eyes staring at them from the fog, before vanishing. After the encounter, the author noticed numerous strange structures they did not create. When trying to contact other players about the event, the author found their posts removed, eventually receiving a message from a user named "Herobrine" that simply said "stop." The anonymous post went on to claim that other players informed him that Herobrine was the alias of the brother of Notch, the creator of Minecraft. The 4chan post claimed that Notch said, in response to queries about whether he had a brother, that "I did, but he is no longer with us."
Around the same time, another anonymous post on 4chan wrote about another entity the author claimed to encounter in a cave after listening to the in-game music disc "13," which also had white eyes that lurked in the fog. This encounter was simply named "White Eyes", and was believed to be related to Herobrine. Shortly after the original stories were published, livestreamers Copeland and Patimuss, the former of which saw and liked the original posts, staged Herobrine encounters of their own. In Copeland's stream, he played in a survival world with a custom texture pack for around two hours while working on a house. After entering a room he was planning on furnishing, he saw Herobrine staring at him and he quickly left the area, traveling a long distance before falling into lava while Herobrine watched him burn to death. This encounter was created by Copeland modifying in-game textures to make Herobrine appear. Afterwards, viewers of the livestream were redirected to a GIF depicting Herobrine with moving, realistic eyes. In Patimuss' stream, he encountered Herobrine walking on lava while playing the game, before promptly shutting the game down.
After Copeland's stream, it was claimed that his computer crashed when trying to go live again afterwards. He additionally shared a webpage with the title "him.html". The page featured a gif of Steve, the default skin of Minecraft, with his pixelated eyes replaced with realistic, moving ones, as well as text at the bottom that wrote about how the reader was "living in a fantasy world inside their mind" and needed to "wake up." This granted Herobrine the additional nickname "HIM." After these streams, the popularity of Herobrine spread across the Minecraft community, with people creating their own alleged sightings to this day, as well as developing Minecraft mods to add the character to the game themselves. Most claimed sightings of Herobrine are accompanied by red text annotations and eerie music.
Herobrine is characterized as looking nearly identical to Minecraft's default skin, Steve, but with solid white eyes that lack pupils. Sometimes, the character is depicted as just white eyes with no other physical form, or is even depicted as possessing other mobs in the game such as sheep. Throughout stories and mods that feature Herobrine, he is depicted as having numerous traits, such as constructing abnormal structures, digging random tunnels throughout the world, and removing the leaves from trees. In mods that add Herobrine to the game, he is typically summoned via the construction of a shrine.
Herobrine gained widespread popularity in the 2010s, becoming a notorious part of the Minecraft community and an internet meme. The legend remains popular in the community today. Several other Minecraft creepypastas have been created by fans, including Entity 303, though none were able to reach similar levels of notoriety as Herobrine. VG247 writer Nadia Oxford described Herobrine as one of the best creations of the Minecraft community, and IGN writer Paul Dean wrote Herobrine to be the "most popular example of a game haunting ever." Lauren Morton of PC Gamer wrote that, despite Herobrine never having truly existed, the character "lives on in the minds of plenty of Minecraft players" who were interested in him when younger.
Some players believed Herobrine to be real despite the character never existing, which caused employees of Mojang to comment on the character. Notch in particular has denied the existence of Herobrine numerous times, tweeting that he never had a brother in 2011. Despite this, Mojang has made numerous references to Herobrine in promotional material and merchandise; in numerous versions of Minecraft, the update logs have included the term "Removed Herobrine" as a joke. "We don't usually talk about Herobrine," Minecraft lead designer Jens "Jeb" Bergensten told G1. "It's a mystery [...] And we don't quite confirm if it's true or false.": 00:21–46 Minecraft director Agnes Larsson added that a creature in the game called the Warden takes inspiration from the community's horror "myths".
In 2013, Herobrine ranked 46th on a poll for the Top 50 Video Game Villains of All Time, which was organized by Guinness World Records. Books based on Herobrine have been published, such as The Legend of Herobrine. In 2021, continued interest in the story resulted in the world seed of the original Herobrine sighting being discovered by a group of players known as Minecraft@Home. Similarly, in 2020, a Minecraft player known as Enderboss25 gained contact with Copeland in an effort to recover the footage of the original livestream that caused Herobrine's popularity. While the original footage was long gone, the original world file was recovered, and a recreation of the livestream was made in a joint effort by the two.
Gabriel Menotti cited Herobrine as an example of how the recording of playthroughs might influence the universe of Minecraft in a radical way, due to the fact Herobrine never truly existed and yet still became popular. He believed that Persson's ambiguous answer on whether Herobrine will ever be integrated into Minecraft suggests that there is always a possibility for player imagination to be incorporated into one of the game's future updates, which is consistent with the logic behind Minecraft's open development as well as its history of frequent updates that sometimes introduce game-changing novelties. | 2010 |
58818336 | Wojak | 2018-10-19 07:58:00+00:00 | Wojak (from Polish wojak [ˈvɔjak], loosely 'soldier' or 'fighter'), also known as Feels Guy, is an Internet meme that is, in its original form, a simple, black-outlined cartoon drawing of a bald man with a wistful expression.
The meme subsequently grew in popularity on 4chan, where the character became associated with the phrases formerly used by wojak such as "I know that feel, bro", "that feel" or "that feel when".
The earliest surviving appearance that Wojak had online was on 16 December 2009 on the meme sharing website Sad and Useless. Intelligencer describes the meme Wojak's expression as "pained but dealing with it". The image spread to many imageboards, including 4chan, where by 2011 an image of two Wojaks hugging each other under the caption "I know that feel bro" gained popularity.
Wojak was also paired with the template phrase "that feel" or "that feel when", often shortened to "tfw" or ">tfw".
Some variants paired him with the character Pepe the Frog (with catchphrases "feels good man" or "feels bad man"), in what Feldman describes as a "platonic romance within the memescape".
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In October 2018, a Wojak with a gray face, pointy nose and blank, emotionless facial expression, dubbed "NPC Wojak", became a popular visual representation for people who cannot think for themselves or make their own decisions, comparing them to non-player characters – computer-automated characters within a video game.
NPC Wojak has gained online notoriety.
The meme gained media attention, initially in Kotaku and The New York Times, due to its usage in parodying the supposed herd mentality of American liberals.
This usage of the meme has been attributed to Donald Trump supporters.
About 1,500 Twitter accounts falsely posing as liberal activists with the NPC meme as a profile picture were suspended for spreading misinformation about the 2018 United States elections.
On January 13, 2019, a conservative art collective known as "The Faction" hijacked a billboard for Real Time with Bill Maher, replacing Maher's image with that of the NPC Wojak.
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In November 2019, the "Coomer" Wojak picked up in popularity with the "No Nut November" trend. The Coomer depicts a smiling Wojak edit with unkempt hair, red rimmed eyes, and an untidy beard. This Wojak is sometimes depicted with a skinny frame, and a large, muscular right arm resulting from excessive masturbation. It is generally understood to represent someone with a pornography addiction. Much of this meme's popularity can be attributed to the "Coomer Pledge", a viral internet trend which dared people to abstain from masturbation for all of November, and change their profile picture to an image of the Coomer if they were to fail.
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The doomer is an image macro and character archetype that first appeared on 4chan. The image typically depicts Wojak wearing a black watch cap and a black hooded sweatshirt, with dark circles under his eyes, while smoking a cigarette. The archetype often embodies nihilism, clinical depression, hopelessness, and despair, with a belief in the incipient end of the world to causes ranging from climate apocalypse, to peak oil, to alcoholism, to (more locally) opioid addiction. The meme first appeared on 4chan's /r9k/ board in September 2018.
A related meme format, "doomer girl", began appearing on 4chan in January 2020, and it soon moved to other online communities, including Reddit and Tumblr, often by women claiming it from its 4chan origins. This format is described by The Atlantic as "a quickly sketched cartoon woman with black hair, black clothes, and sad eyes ringed with red makeup". The doomer girl character is often associated with the e-girl and alternative subcultures. The character often appears in image macros interacting with the original doomer character. The format is often compared to rage comics.
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Soyjak, a portmanteau of "soy" and "wojak", is a variation of Wojak that combines Wojak-style illustrations with additional features to allude to a soy boy, such as a gaping "cuckface" with an excited expression, glasses, stubble, and a balding head. It is commonly paired with the masculine Gigachad meme.
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The Big Brain Wojak is a variation with glasses, a significantly enlarged head, and visible brain wrinkles. The most common form of Big Brain Wojak has a head so comically large that the Wojak sits on it like a chair. The meme was initially used on 4chan to mock others' political or controversial opinions. It is typically used online when attempting to call out those who are pretentious or wannabe intellectuals. There are many subsequent versions of the big brain meme, typically with slightly varying messages. The opposite of the Big Brain Wojak is the Brainlet Wojak, depicted with a tiny bump of a brain on top of a small head, often used to portray self-described intellectuals.
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The "tradwife" or "trad girl" Wojak depicts a blonde woman in a blue dress with a daisy pattern print. The "Tradwife" Wojak specifically embodies traditional gender roles and conservative values, often depicted as a woman dressed in vintage or modest clothing, emphasizing homemaking, traditional family values, and a rejection of modern feminist ideals.
The "Wifejak" Wojak is a redhead Wojak designed to embody stereotypical traits associated with "typical wife behavior". In the memes, the character usually says a message that parodies what a stereotypical wife may say, such as "I'm cold" or "I just threw 30 cardboard boxes into the garage". | 2010 |
28304901 | Acer beTouch E110 | 2010-08-09 06:07:16+00:00 | The Acer beTouch E110 is a smartphone manufactured by Acer Inc. of Taiwan. The phone is based on the Android 1.5 operating system. It is focused on social networking, with features for integrating with Facebook, Twitter and other social networks.
The beTouch E110 was released on February 15, 2010. The smartphone is marketed as a budget Android-powered device. It lacks Wi-Fi capability.
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The Acer beTouch E110 has a 2.8-inch TFT capacitive touchscreen display, ST Ericsson PNX6715 416 MHz CPU, 256 MB of RAM and 256 MB of internal storage that can be expanded using microSD card. The phone has a 1500 mAh Li-Ion battery, 3.5 MP rear camera with no selfie camera. It is available in Black and Dark Blue colors.
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Acer beTouch E110 ships with Android 1.5 (Cupcake).
The device received mixed reviews. The negativity in reviews involved the lack of connectivity to Wi-Fi and Android Market. Some said that the screen was not clear enough, and that the resistive touchscreen was poorly designed: users must press the screen firmly at times. | 2010 |
29539446 | Acer beTouch E120 | 2010-11-09 16:04:57+00:00 | The Acer beTouch E120 is an Internet-enabled smartphone by Acer Inc that uses Android 1.6 operating system. It was officially presented at Computex 2010 in Tapei and it looks very similar to Acer beTouch E130
The Acer beTouch E120 is an Android phone running version 1.6 and it packs a 2.8-inch touchscreen, a 3.2 -megapixel camera, and the processor is powered by a ST Ericsson at 416 MHz.
One of the main differences with the Acer beTouch E130 – is that the latter comes with a QWERTY keyboard . The smartphone includes WiFi, GPS, Bluetooth and radio. | 2010 |
29563450 | Acer beTouch E130 | 2010-11-11 17:31:25+00:00 | The Acer beTouch E130 is a smartphone manufactured by Acer Inc. using the Android 1.6 (Donut) operating system at launch and Android 2.1 in later releases and is designed for a professional use. It has a QWERTY keyboard. It was unveiled in June 2010 and available for sale from August 2010.
The beTouch E130 runs the Android operating system 1.6 (Donut). Several applications that come installed on this device are:
Gmail
Google Talk
Google Maps
Google Talk
Google Street View
YouTube video player
The device comes equipped with Acer Spinlet's application for listening to music in streaming and preinstalled Facebook and Twidroid.
Display: LCD 2.6” QVGA touchscreen
CPU: ST-Ericsson PNX6715, 416 MHz
Keyboard: QWERTY
OS: Android 1.6 (Donut) or Android 2.1
Camera: 3.2 megapixel
Connectivity: Wi-Fi (802.11b/g), Bluetooth 2.0+EDR, GPS built A-GPS, AGPS support, FM receiver, 3.5mm stereo audio jack
Colors: black, white, a rare purple version debuted in October 2010
Dimensions = 115 x 62.5 x 11.5 mm
Weight = 109 g
Reviews from newspapers and blogs underline its similarity to BlackBerry. | 2010 |
30058902 | Acer beTouch E140 | 2010-12-15 12:08:54+00:00 | The Acer beTouch E140 is a smartphone manufactured by Acer Inc. utilizing the Android 2.2 (Froyo) operating system.
Operating System: Android 2.2
Display: 2.8-inch touch screen
Processor: 600 MHz
Wi-Fi 802.11 b / g,
Bluetooth 2.1, IR
FM-radio
Camera: 3.2MP
Battery: 1300 mAH
Weight: 115 grams
The Acer beTouch 140 was unveiled in December 2010.
The device is to be released in the UK though the exact date is not known.
Price has not been announced but it should be around €199 | 2010 |
37661752 | Acer Liquid E | 2012-11-16 17:20:56+00:00 | The Acer Liquid E is a touchscreen smartphone developed and marketed by Acer Inc. It is the second handset designed by Acer that uses Android 2.1 (Eclair). It was introduced in February, 2010 succeeding the Acer Liquid A1.
The difference between the Acer Liquid E and the Acer Liquid A1 is the quantity of RAM - the Acer Liquid E has 512 MB, twice that of the Acer Liquid at 256 MB. Also it was shipped by default with Android 2.1 instead of Android 1.6.
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The Liquid E measures 115 mm × 64 mm × 12.75 mm and weights 135 g.
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The display of this smartphone was TFT LCD screen capable of displaying 256k colors with a diagonal size of 3.5 in (8.9 cm) and with a capacitive touchscreen. The LCD was capable of displaying 800 by 480 pixels (WVGA) giving a pixel density of ~267 ppi.
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The camera featured in the phone may take pictures up to 5 megapixels with autofocus and record videos at a resolution of 640 by 480 pixels (VGA).
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The operating system pre-installed in the units shipped was the Android 2.1. In February, 2011, Acer announced the official 2.2 upgrade for Acer Liquid E and Acer Liquid E Ferrari Edition with the new Acer-made Breeze UI. For those who prefer the stock Android UI, it is possible to change this in the phone settings.
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The processor installed was a Qualcomm 8250 clocked at 768 MHz.
It has 512 MB of RAM, twice the amount of the Liquid A1.
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The 512 MB of internal flash memory is mostly designated to be used by the phone's own system. The phone has a microSD expansion port that allows users to install a microSD card of up to 32 GB. Normally the Liquid E was shipped with a 2 GB microSD card.
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The 3G modem is capable of connecting to HSDPA networks in the 900 MHz, 1900 MHz and 2100 MHz bands. In addition, it has also WiFi 802.11 b/g and Bluetooth class 2.0 connectivity. There is also a GPS receiver built-in. There is also available a Mini-USB port to allow file-transfer to and from a computer and also debugging, a 3.5 mm stereo audio jack and a built-in audio speaker (in addition to the ones to be used to make phone calls).
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The Liquid E is powered by a lithium-ion 1350 mAh battery that lasts up to 400 hours in stand-by or 5 hours of talk time. | 2010 |
50640898 | Adobe Museum of Digital Media | 2016-05-26 02:59:57+00:00 | The Adobe Museum of Digital Media was a virtual museum dedicated to digital art that launched on October 6, 2010. It also provided information on the relationship between digital media and society and was created and sponsored as a marketing exercise by Adobe Systems and produced in partnership with Spin+ and Unit 9.
The museum's exhibitions included a video exhibit by Tony Oursler and a project by Mariko Mori.
As of 2016, the museum is no longer accessible online. | 2010 |
43635825 | Antlers Gallery | 2014-08-23 11:45:19+00:00 | Antlers Gallery is a commercial gallery based in Bristol England. Created in 2010 by gallery Director Jack Gibbon, Antlers Gallery produces temporary exhibitions across varying locations, with their only permanent base being online. Dubbed the 'nomadic' gallery, they use a similar business model to pop – up galleries but tie these together under the gallery brand. Antlers also have an active publishing wing working with artists producing limited edition prints and multiples.
Antlers Gallery represent a group of contemporary artists through exhibitions, art fairs and consultancy. Although primarily based in Bristol – with exhibitions held in areas such as Park Street, Cabot Circus, Whiteladies Road, Christmas Steps and Bristol Temple Meads railway station. Previous exhibitions have also been held in Stroud, Yorkshire and London. Antlers Gallery exhibit at art fairs across the U.K, including the Affordable Art Fairs and London Art Fair.
The Antlers model is based on mutually beneficial relationships with private landlords. These have included:- Land Securities, TCN UK, Jess Properties, Kingsley Thomas, and Linden Homes.
Their first pop-up exhibition Grotesques opened in December 2010. Followed by: Uncanny Views, Dark Suits, Botany, Anatomy, Other Nature, Still Chaos, Excursus, Old Beliefs, Narrative, Spatial, BLACKLIGHT, Kindred and Hiatus.
In March 2014 Antlers Gallery took over the newly renovated warehouse space Purifier House, next to Bristol's Harbourside and Millennium Square. The property, owned by Linden Homes, showcased three Antlers exhibitions: Gravitas, Exploration and Anima Mundi.
Anima Mundi ran from 5 – 27 July. The main focus of the exhibition was a 5m long, concertina bookwork created by Tim Lane. The publication of the bookwork was made possible due to the support of over 140 people who pledged support via the Kickstarter campaign which raised almost £18,000. The exhibition received much media attention, including BBC News and The Independent.
In 2014 Antlers Gallery was recognised by The Guardian as one of the top ten venues in Bristol.
Artists represented by Antlers Gallery include: Abigail Reed, Alexander Korzer – Robinson, Anouk Mercier, Charles Emerson, Dorcas Casey, Ellie Coates, Geoff Diego Litherland, Helen Jones, Jemma Appleby, Jessica Bartlett, Jo Lathwood, Jonny Byles, Karin Krommes, Kate Evans, Matthieu Leger, Max Naylor, Rachel Sokal, Rebecca Hiscocks, Rose Sanderson, Sarah Jeffs, and Tim Lane. | 2010 |
50334709 | Arter (art center) | 2016-04-26 15:28:41+00:00 | Arter is a contemporary art museum in the Dolapdere district of Istanbul, Turkey.
A subsidiary of the Vehbi Koç Foundation, Arter was opened in 2010 with the aim of providing a sustainable infrastructure for producing and exhibiting contemporary art. Following eight years of operation during which it contributed to the visibility of contemporary art with a programme featuring exhibitions, publications, talks, performances and workshops at its venue on Istiklal Street, Arter moved to its new home in the Dolapdere district of Istanbul in September 2019. At its new building, Arter continues expanding the range of its activities beyond exhibitions to performances and events across many disciplines.
Arter presented 64 exhibitions and provided support for the production of over 210 artworks between May 2010 and September 2023.
Arter was active at the historical building known as Meymenet Han on Istanbul's Istiklal Street between 2010 and 2018. In September 2019, Arter moved to its new premises in Dolapdere. Designed by Grimshaw Architects, London, Arter's new building has 18,000 square metres of indoor area; in addition to exhibition galleries, the building features performance halls, learning areas, a library, an arts bookstore, and a bistro.
Arter's former building on Istiklal Street re-opened in September 2019 as an exhibition space named Meşher, operated by the Vehbi Koç Foundation.
For the architectural design of Arter's new building in Dolapdere, a project competition was initiated in 2013. The winners of this competition were Grimshaw Architects who took the lead in the design process with contributions by Thornton Tomasetti, Max Fordham, and Neill Woodger Acoustics in their respective areas of expertise. The construction of the building was started in 2015 and completed in 2019.
Arter's main function areas are connected by a central atrium that serves as the heart of the building, which has an indoor area of 18,000 square metres. The six galleries and a terrace constitute approximately 5,000 square metres of dedicated exhibition areas spread on six floors.
Performance Halls
Arter's building features two performance halls: Karbon, a full-fledged “Blackbox” performance and exhibition space; and Sevgi Gönül Auditorium, which is the principal venue for Arter's film programme, conferences, and panels, as well as chamber concerts and examples of performing arts including dance and movement. Both halls offer flexible, multiple seating configurations with a flat-floor option, thus providing a facility for large-scale installations or projects that require multi-channel panoramic projection.
Studio
Designed as the main space of the learning programme, the studio consists of four units catering to different areas of use. The studio provides a flexible space for all kinds of events such as meetings, talks, and workshops. The hands-on production area also constitutes a facility for artists and visitors to produce their own works at Arter.
Arter Library
Arter Library provides free access to publications related to Arter's current exhibitions and events programme, reference books on art, magazines, as well as electronic databases. The users may browse the online library catalogue on Arter's website.
Arter Bookstore
Open during Arter's visiting hours, Arter Bookstore features a selection of publications focusing on art, social sciences, non-fiction and children's books. This multi-disciplinary selection is regularly updated in line with Arter's current exhibitions and events programmes.
Bistro by Divan
A subsidiary of Divan Group, Bistro by Divan hosts Arter's visitors with its specially designed menu during the visiting hours.
Istiklal Street, Beyoğlu
Between 2010 and 2018, Arter has presented 26 solo and 9 group exhibitions at Meymenet Han on Istiklal Street.
Arter's inaugural exhibition Starter (8 May–31 January 2010) presented more than 160 works by 87 artists, all belonging to the Arter Collection.
In line with its mission to support artistic production, Arter has encouraged and funded the creation of new works for each exhibition.
Furthermore, Arter hosted the Istanbul Biennial as one of the main venues for its 13th and 14th editions as well as the 4th edition of the Istanbul Design Biennial.
Dolapdere, Beyoğlu
At its new building in Dolapdere, opened on 9 September 2019, Arter presented an inaugural programme of seven exhibitions, four of them drawn from its collection. The institution also offered further possibilities to discover, enjoy and engage in a closer dialogue with art: performances, concerts, a festival dedicated to new music, talks, workshops and interpretation events along with two new publication series.
A new three-day festival was introduced by Arter to the music scene of Istanbul in February 2020. The first edition of the New and Newest Music Festival offered a programme that included five live concerts. The second edition of the festival in February 2021 was held online in the wake of restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it offered a programme of panels, film screenings, and workshops. The third edition, also held online in February 2022, explored the concepts of diversity, accessibility and transitivity.
Arter also featured a special programme dedicated to performance art during its 2019–2020 season. The programme was devised in three interrelated and consecutive sections, namely, “Celebration”, “Participation”, and “Resonance”.
In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced Arter to halt its activities temporarily, from 14 March to 16 June. During the worldwide lockdown, Arter continued its programme on digital platforms featuring a selection of video works entitled #playathome as well as events and an exhibition of more than 160 works from its collection via Google Arts & Culture.
In October 2021, Arter hosted a series of events organised and financed by the Goethe-Institut and the Südwestrundfunk (SWR) under the title “From the River Danube to the Bosphorus: Donaueschingen Music Days”. Sevgi Gönül Auditorium and Arter's backyard also welcomed visitors for film screenings, concerts, and panel discussions organised as part of the 14th Documentarist Istanbul Documentary Days, the 49th Istanbul Music Festival, and the 25th Istanbul Theatre Festival in 2021.
In May 2022, Arter's Sevgi Gönül Auditorium hosted 26 artists, 12 initiatives and 15 art institutions in the context of Border_less Artbook Days. Arter also became one of the major venues for the performances and events held in June 2022 as part of the Istanbul International Improvisation Dance Festival and hosted Tonedmelisma Music Festival themed Mind and Mistic: The Heart in September 2022.
In August 2022, Arter Children's Festival was held for the first time with the title Come Out Art, Whenever You Are.
In October 2022, the event titled “Noble & Sentimental” brought Bösendorfer artist Emre Yavuz with Andante Classical Music Magazine Editor-in-Chief and music writer Serhan Bali together for a special occasion featuring a concert and a conversation which took place at Arter's Sevgi Gönül Auditorium. Arter's Karbon hosted Neue Klangkunst – a musical collaboration between Stefan Winter and Mariko Takahashi – for a performance titled “The Ninth Wave – Ode to Nature” on 15 and 16 December 2022, and Jerfi Aji for a concert organised to mark the launch of his album “Alexander Scriabin: Poems, Colours, Flames” on 22 December 2022.
In January 2023, Arter's programme featured two special events – “Good-Bye Paradise?” (Gerhard Stäbler & Kunsu Shim) and “Hush, Little Baby” (Önder Baloğlu & Çağdaş Özkan) – inspired by the group exhibitions ThisPlay and Rounded by Sleep.
Organised since 2017 by Tehran-based Hermes Records with the support of various international partners, “Show of Hands Improvisational Music Festival”s new edition was held in collaboration with A.K. Music for the first time in İstanbul at Arter in April 2023.
Music lovers gathered in May 2023 for the fourth edition of Arter's “New and Newest Music Festival”. Arter also hosted the fifth edition of border_less ARTBOOK DAYS at its Sevgi Gönül Oditorium and foyer.
As part of Saturday Late in April and June 2023, Arter hosted the concert of DONNA MOBILE by Elif Çağlar as well as the screenings of the films Les Cinq Diables [The Five Devils] and Aftersun.
Instigated in 2007 and conceived on an international basis, the Arter Collection aims to collect and care for contemporary works of art, engaging in their creative interpretation through exhibitions as well as encouraging and funding the production of new ones.
The Arter Collection comprises more than 1.400 works by around 400 artists as of 2020 and it brings together various contemporary expressions, positions and practices from all around the world. The collection includes works from the 1960s to the present covering a broad variety of media ranging from painting, drawing, sculpture, print, photography, film, video, installation to sound, light and performance-based practices.
Arter presents a multi-disciplinary events programme featuring examples of performing arts, classical, contemporary and electronic music, film, performance and digital arts. The events are not limited to Arter's two performance halls, the Sevgi Gönül Auditorium and Karbon, but are also held in different parts and spaces of the building.
Arter's Learning Programme presents processes and activities that aspire to interpreting our times through art. Shaped through a receptive and responsive attitude towards users’ affinities, the programme intends to build lasting connections between artists, audiences and partners. Besides talks, panels, workshops, seminars and exhibition tours, Arter's Learning Programme also features two long-term programmes: Teen Council and Arter Research Programme.
Arter's programme features bilingual publications that accompany each exhibition. Between May 2010 and June 2023, Arter published 81 books with an aim to enhance conversations around contemporary art by encouraging original research and commissioning new texts.
Arter's range of publications has been expanded in 2019 to include two new series: the first is entitled “Arter Close-Up” and offers a closer look into a single work from its collection in each volume; the second series, entitled “Arter Background”, reveals the thinking process behind each group exhibition; as well as singular books that focus on the exhibitions or artists featured in its programme.
In 2013, the exhibition book Aslı Çavuşoğlu: The Stones Talk, designed by Esen Karol, has been selected amongst the best 50 book designs at the 50 Books/50 Covers competition organised by AIGA and Design Observer. In 2014, the book of Füsun Onur's Through the Looking Glass exhibition, again designed by Esen Karol, has been included in the same selection. Designed by Ali Emre Doğramacı, the exhibition book Ali Mahmut Demirel: Isle has been awarded by the Turkish Graphic Designers Association (GMK) in the category of Best Book Cover Design in 2018.
In December 2021, Arter took a new step towards digital publishing with its first e-book, the Turkish edition of the Joseph Beuys monograph authored by Claudia Mesch.
List of publications:
Starter, May 2010
Second Exhibition Book 1/2, November 2010
Second Exhibition Book 2/2, November 2010
Tactics of Invisibility, April 2011
Patricia Piccinini: Hold Me Close to Your Heart, June 2011
Deniz Gül: 5 Person Bufet, July 2011
Kutluğ Ataman: Mesopotamian Dramaturgies, September 2011
Erdem Helvacıoğlu: Freedom to the Black, February 2012
Mona Hatoum: You Are Still Here, March 2012
Nevin Aladağ: Stage, April 2012
Berlinde De Bruyckere: The Wound, June 2012
Sophia Pompéry: The Silent Shape of Things, June 2012
Adel Abidin, Rosa Barba, Runa Islam: The Move, October 2012
Envy, Enmity, Embarrassment 1/2, January 2013
Envy, Enmity, Embarrassment 2/2, January 2013
Volkan Aslan: Don't Forget to Remember, May 2013
Mat Collishaw: Afterimage, May 2013
Aslı Çavuşoğlu: The Stones Talk, November 2013
Fatma Bucak: Yet Another Story About the Fall, November 2013
Sarkis: Interpretation of Cage / Ryoanji, November 2013
Marc Quinn: The Sleep of Reason, February 2014
Füsun Onur: Through the Looking Glass, May 2014
The Roving Eye: Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia, September 2014
Ali Kazma: timemaker, January 2015
Spaceliner, May 2015
Šejla Kamerić: When the Heart Goes Bing Bam Boom, December 2015
Bahar Yürükoğlu: Flow Through, March 2016
Murat Akagündüz: Vertigo, March 2016
Şener Özmen: Unfiltered, March 2016
Not All That Falls Has Wings, June 2016
Nil Yalter: Off the Record, October 2016
Bilge Friedlaender: Words, Numbers, Lines, October 2016
Jake & Dinos Chapman: In the Realm of the Senseless, February 2017
Ways of Seeing, June 2017
CANAN: Behind Mount Qaf, September 2017
Can Aytekin: Empty House, March 2018
Ali Mahmut Demirel: Isle, March 2018
What Time Is It?, September 2019
Words Are Very Unnecessary, September 2019
Altan Gürman, September 2019
İnci Furni: She Waited for a While, September 2019
Ayşe Erkmen: Whitish, September 2019
Sarkis: Çaylak Sokak, September 2019
KP Brehmer: Art ≠ Propaganda, June 2020
Cevdet Erek: Bergama Stereotip, September 2020
Alev Ebüzziya Siesbye: Repetition, November 2020
On Celestial Bodies, January 2021
Re: [aap_2019], January 2021
For Eyes That Listen, March 2021
David Tudor and Composers Inside Electronics, Inc. (John Driscoll and Phil Edelstein): Rainforest V (variation 3), April 2021
Arter: Sanat İçin Alan Yaratmak [Arter: Creating Space for Art], May 2021
Emre Hüner – [ELEKTROİZOLASYON]: Unknown Parameter Extro-Record, November 2021
Re: [aap_2020], November 2021
Joseph Beuys, December 2021 (The e-book is available in Turkish only)
Candeğer Furtun, February 2022
Bill Fontana: Resounding Io, May 2022
Locus Solus, June 2022
Canan Tolon: Loss, June 2022
Working Conditions: The Writings of Hans Haacke, July 2022 (The e-book is available in Turkish only)
Ahmet Doğu İpek: A Halo of Blackness Upon Our Heads, September 2022
Altan Gürman: Postcard Book, November 2022
Nuri Kuzucan: Passage, June 2023
In Its Own Shadow, October 2023
Suppose You Are Not, January 2024
2024
Suppose You Are Not, 19. January – 29 December 2024, Curator: Selen Ansen, Artists: Alvar Aalto, Melike Abasıyanık Kurtiç, Anthony Ackrill, Rebecca Ackroyd, Ansel Adams, AdeY, Ahu Akgün, Rasim Aksan, Francesco Albano, Pilar Albarracín, Ellen Altfest, Carl Amann, Doug Anderson, Erik Anderson, Gary Anderson, Palle Anderson, S.A. Anderson, Janine Antoni, François Arnal, Daniel Arsham, Yüksel Arslan, Hale Asaf, Eylül Aslan, Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly, Deborah Azzopardi, Josephine Baker, César Baldaccini, Tufan Baltalar, Balthus, Ronit Baranga, Emin Barın, Clive Barker, Sam Barnett, George Barris, Étienne Barrot, Gregory Barsamian, Massimo Bartolini, Bartošová, Şeyma Barut, Bahadır Baruter, Georges Bataille, Charles Baudelaire, Kerem Ozan Bayraktar, Peter Beard, Cecil Beaton, Beejoir, Fritz Behn, Tom Bell, Léa Belooussovitch, Hans Berger, Sabri Berkel, Semiha Berksoy, Jean-Joseph Bernard, Bertozzi & Casoni, Tony Bevan, Aenne Biermann, Marc Bijl, Aysel Bodur, Stefano Bombardieri, Rudolph Bone, Bashir Borlakov, Osvaldo Borsani, Louise Bourgeois, Norbertine Bresslern-Roth, Jonny Briggs, Rosalie Brill, Hans Brockhage & Erwin Andra, Ondrej Brody, Elina Brotherus, Vincent Michael Brown, Tania Bruguera, David Buckingham, Betty Bui, Balthasar Burkhard, Gökçen Cabadan, Claude Cahun, José Zanine Caldas, Scott Campbell, CANAN, Leonor Caraballo & Abou Farman, Jacques Carelman, Paul & Laura Carey, Étienne Carjat, Asger Carlsen, Maurizio Cattelan, Carl Cauer, Patrick Caulfield, Marc Chagall, Giorgio de Chirico, Ricardo Cinalli, Chuck Close, John Coplans, Joseph Cornell, Denis Cospen, Ian Cumberland, Zhang Dali, Les Dalo, Arth Daniels, Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps, Jean Marie Delaltre, Thomas Demand, Victor Demanet, Selçuk Demirel, Sinan Demirtaş, Mathias Depardon, Susan Derges, Nejad Devrim, Robert Dighton, Nazım Dikbaş, Nanna Ditzel, Otto Dix, Theo van Doesburg, Adrienne Doig, Albrecht Dürer, Gürbüz Doğan Ekşioğlu, Ali Elmacı, Neş’e Erdok, Yael Erlichman, Mengü Ertel, Jean-Bernard Eschemann, Richard Etts, Jan Fabre, Christine Facella, Mark Fairnington, Alexis de la Falaise, David Farrer, Gretchen Faust, Emeric Feher, Mürteza Fidan, Johannes Fischer, Tsuguharu Foujita, Nancy Fouts, Lucian Freud, Pedro Friedeberg, Lee Friedlander, Harriet Whitney Frismuth, Roger Fry, Paul Fryer, Ernst Fuchs, Peter Gabriëlse, Leylâ Gediz, Ingo Gerken, Valeriy Gerlovin & Rimma Gerlovina & Mark Berghash, Augusto Giacometti, Sliz Gillard, Domenico Gnoli, Nan Goldin, Paul Goldman, Dora Gordine, Douglas Gordon, Antony Gormley, Murat Gök, Şakir Gökçebağ, İhap Hulusi Görey, Stephane Graff, Brian Griffin, Ion Grigorescu, Valentine Gross, Aneta Grzeszykowska, Derrick Guild, Ara Güler, Cemal Nadir Güler, James Hague, David Haines, Osman Hamdi Bey, Richard Hamilton, Neil Hamon, Jessica Harrison, Ristyo Eko Hartanto, Vikont | Viscount Francis Hastings, Andrew Hemingway, Seda Hepsev, Léon Herschtritt, Willi Hertlein, David Hockney, Howard Hodgkin, Jane Hoodless, François Houtin, Horst P. Horst, Hannah Höch, Wilhelm Höffert, Carsten Höller, Georges Hugnet, Jean Hugo, John Isaacs, Meltem Işık, Erdal İnci, Nuri İyem, Patrick Jackson, Roxanne Jackson, Arne Jacobsen, Sam Jinks, Oliver Jones, Michael Joo, Orhan Veli Kanık, Massimo Kaufmann, Şahin Kaygun, Clementine Keith-Roach, Mehmet Kısmet, Anselm Kiefer, Giorgio Kienerk, Frederick John Kiesler, Gustav Klimt, Hengki Koentjoro, Oskar Kokoschka, Helmut Kolle, Isidore Konti, Füreya Koral, Angelika Krinzinger, Uno & Osten Kristiansson, Barbara Kruger, Jonathan F. Kugel, Burhan Kum, Alicja Kwade, Félix Labisse, Julien Landa, Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov, Mogens Lassen, Konrad Adolf Lattner, Alican Leblebici, Gonzalo Lebrija, Tim Lee, Gabriel Lekegian, Georges Lemmen, Michael Leonard, Rachel Lewis, Roy Lichtenstein, Jacopo Ligozzi, Robert Longo, Sarah Lucas, Oliver Lynch, Catherine MacDiarmid, Daniel Maclise, Susie MacMurray, Franziska Maderthaner, Cathleen Sabine Mann, Sandra Mann, Robert Mapplethorpe, Marcel Mariën, Alberto Martini, Pietro Marussig, Alexander Massouras, Angus McBean, Serge Mendjisky, Luiz Philippe Carneiro de Mendonça, Théo Mercier, Constantin Meunier, Adolph de Meyer, Guillermo Meza, Fabien Mérelle, Nino Migliori, Harland Miller, Arno Rafael Minkkinen, Pierre Molinier, Christiaan de Moor, Polly Morgan, Eadweard Muybridge, Peter Simon Mühlhäußer, Renate Müller, Ishbel Myerscough, Félix Nadar, Harry Napper, Graham Nash, Bruce Nauman, Jesús “Bubu” Negrón, Hylton Nel, Marc Newson, Helmut Newton, Nicholas Nixon, Felix Nussbaum, Evie O’Connor, Harold Offeh, Kelvin Okafor, Francesco Olivucci, İrfan Önürmen, Ferhat Özgür, Şener Özmen, Ceylan Öztrük, Christopher Page, Christodoulos Panayiotou, Verner Panton, Pierre Paulin, Pavlos (Dionyssopoulos), Freya Payne, Robert Peary, Evan Penny, Charlotte Perriand, Gaetano Pesce, Atilla Galip Pınar, Pablo Picasso, Patricia Piccinini, Ernest Pignon-Ernest, Isidore-Alexandre-Augustin Pils, Julie Pochron, Gilles-Henri Polge, Serge Poliakoff, Gio Ponti, Stephen Powers, Mario Prassinos, Marcel Proust, Glen Pudvine, Sheng Qi, Roland Rainer, Nâzım Hikmet Ran, Philippe Ramette, Man Ray, Maurice Ray, Ilya Repin, Stephen Reusse, Gerhard Richter, Gerrit Thomas Rietveld, T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings, Laurent Roch, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Clifford Ross, Jacob van Rozelaar, Julie Rrap, François Ruegg, Thomas Ruff, Paul Rumsey, Necla Rüzgar, Anıl Saldıran, Jamie Salmon, Stuart Sandford, Sandeep Sangaru, SANTISSIMI (Antonello Serra & Sara Renzetti), Hrair Sarkissian, Salomon-Léon Léonard Sarluis, Napoleon Sarony, Achille van Sassenbrouck, Nina Saunders, Olga Saviç, İlhan Sayın, Josef Scharl, Mario Schifano, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Ole Schwalbe, Turhan Selçuk, Joan Semmel, SENA, Aleksandr Serebriakov, Erinç Seymen, Farkhondeh Shahroudi, Cindy Sherman, Sedat Simavi, Aaron Siskind, Sandy Skoglund, Carolein Smit, Ludwig Otto von Sonnenburg, Jo Spence, Léon Spilliaert, Victor Spinski, Bernard André Steiner, Adrien Steüer, Holly Stevenson, Kerry Stewart & Ana Genoves, Vladimir Feodorovitch Stozharov, Mircea Suciu, Gerald Summers, Edward Sutcliffe, Attila Szűcs, Yaşam Şaşmazer, Ferdinando Tacca, Nevhiz Tanyeli, Sam Taylor-Johnson, Antoni Tàpies, Hale Tenger, Cansu Terzibal, Herbert von Thaden, Michael Thonet, Wolfgang Tillmans, Marco Tirelli, İrem Tok, Tip Toland, Nikolay Tolmachev, George Tooker, Roland Topor, Karl Tratt, Nasan Tur, Pierre Turin, Félix Vallotton, Miguel Calumarte Vaquer, Jorge Luis Varona, Joana Vasconcelos, Keith Vaughan, Geza Arpad de Vegh, Claude Verlinde, Una Vincenzo, Lady Troubridge, Bill Viola, Frances Waite, Garth Walker, Andy Warhol, Jonathan Wateridge, Gillian Wearing, Kem Weber, Jean Weinberg, Oscar Wilde, Conor Wilson, Martha Wilson, Paula Wilson, Erin Wozniak, Daphne Wright, Stuart Pearson Wright, Erwin Wurm, Craig Wylie, Cang Xin, Damla Yalçın, Ecem Yerman, David Zink Yi, Pınar Yolaçan, Carey Young, Fahrelnissa Zeid, Monica Zeringue, Brigitte Zieger, Richard Ziegler, Unica Zürn.
2023
In Its Own Shadow, 19 October 2023 – 07 April 2024, Curator: Emre Baykal and Gizem Uslu Tümer, Artists: Hüseyin Bahri Alptekin, Mirosław Bałka, Pedro Barateiro, Michał Budny, Hera Büyüktaşçıyan, Jae-Eun Choi, Cevdet Erek, Terry Fox, Hreinn Friðfinnsson, Bilge Friedlaender, Deniz Gül, Mona Hatoum, Rolf Julius, Nadia Kaabi-Linke, Šejla Kamerić, Borga Kantürk, Mohammed Kazem, Inge Mahn, Ferhat Özgür, Seza Paker, Pinaree Sanpitak, Chiharu Shiota, Yaşam Şaşmazer, Hema Upadhyay, Nika Zupančič
Nuri Kuzucan, Passage, 1 June 2023–31 December 2023, Curator: Nilüfer Şaşmazer
Sarkis, ENDLESS, 4 May 2023–4 February 2024, Curator: Emre Baykal
Elina Brotherus, Large de Vue, 16 March–27 August 2023, Curator: Emre Baykal
Eva Koťátková, I Sometimes Imagine I Am a Fish with Legs, 2 March–27 August 2023, Curator: Eda Berkmen
Cengiz Çekil, I Am Still Alive, 9 February–24 September 2023, Curator: Eda Berkmen
2022
Bill Fontana, Silent Echoes: Notre-Dame, 13 September–4 December 2022
Rounded by Sleep, 19 May 2022 – 29 January 2023, Curator: Eda Berkmen, Artists: Ahu Akgün, Rasim Aksan, Alaettin Aksoy, Ann Antidote, Yüksel Arslan, Volkan Aslan, Ece Bal, Başak Bugay, Gökhan Deniz, Şükriye Dikmen, Marlene Dumas, Emine Ekinci, Annika Eriksson, İnci Furni, Nazmi Ziya Güran, İhsan Cemal Karaburçak, Gizem Karakaş, Evrim Kavcar, Merve Kılıçer, Eva Kotátková, Jarosław Kozłowski, Can Küçük, Nevhiz, Lara Ögel, Aslı Özdoyuran, İz Öztat, Necla Rüzgar, Pierrick Sorin, Mladen Stilinović, Etem Şahin, Ali Emir Tapan, Defne Tesal, Begüm Yamanlar
Ahmet Doğu İpek, A Halo of Blackness Upon Our Heads, 19 May 2022 – 29 January 2023, Curator: Selen Ansen
Locus Solus, 31 March – 31 December 2022, Curator: Selen Ansen, Artists: Murat Akagündüz, Jananne Al-Ani, Halil Altındere, Maddalena Ambrosio, Yüksel Arslan, Claus Böhmler, Xuefeng Chen, Tacita Dean, Osman Dinç, İnci Eviner, Thomas Geiger, Jytte Høy, Ahmet Doğu İpek, Eva Jospin, Ella Littwitz, Miklós Onucsán, Panamarenko, Sarkis, Yehudit Sasportas, Erinç Seymen, Bülent Şangar, Yaşam Şaşmazer, Cengiz Tekin, Endre Tót, Thu Van Tran, Mariana Vassileva, Werner Zellien
Bill Fontana, Resounding Io, 10 March – 4 December 2022, Curator: Melih Fereli
ThisPlay, 17 February 2022 – 9 April 2023, Curator: Emre Baykal, Artists: Gökçen Dilek Acay, Nevin Aladağ, Volkan Aslan, Selim Birsel, Barbara Bloom, Rada Boukova, Luchezar Boyadjiev, Claus Böhmler, Handan Börüteçene, George Brecht, Fatma Bucak, Jacob Dahlgren, Cevdet Erek, Ayşe Erkmen, Ceal Floyer, Hreinn Friðfinnsson, İnci Furni, Leylâ Gediz, Şakir Gökçebağ, Asta Gröting, Carla Guagliardi, Kristján Guðmundsson, Deniz Gül, Nilbar Güreş, Karl Horst Hödicke, Jytte Høy, Peter Hutchinson, IRWIN (Miran Mohar), Pravdoliub Ivanov, Rolf Julius, Žilvinas Kempinas, Gunilla Klingberg, Žolt Kovač, George Maciunas, Jonathan Monk, Sirous Namazi, Navid Nuur, Füsun Onur, Erkan Özgen, Serkan Özkaya, Ebru Özseçen, Michal Pěchouček, Goran Petercol, Sophia Pompéry, Anni Rapinoja, Dieter Roth, Sai (Chen Sai Hua Kuan), Karin Sander, Erinç Seymen, Hassan Sharif, Stuart Sherman, Viktor Takáč, Cengiz Tekin, Andrea Tippel, Kata Tranker, Gabriela Vanga, Mariana Vassileva, Stefan Wewerka, Maaria Wirkkala
2021
Candeğer Furtun, 16 September 2021 – 17 April 2022, Curator: Selen Ansen
Precaution, 3 June 2021 – 20 February 2022, Curator: Emre Baykal, Artists: Hamra Abbas, Halil Altındere, Rogelio López Cuenca, Burak Delier, Lamia Joreige, Ali Kazma, Alicja Kwade, Serkan Özkaya, Walid Raad, Canan Tolon, Nasan Tur
Füsun Onur, Opus II – Fantasia, 3 June 2021 – 20 February 2022, Curator: Emre Baykal
Emre Hüner, [ELEKTROİZOLASYON]: Unknown Parameter Extro-Record, 25 March 2021 – 31 December 2021, Curator: Aslı Seven
Nevin Aladağ, Traces, 25 March 2021 – 8 August 2021
2020
For Eyes That Listen, 10 September 2020 – 31 December 2021, Curator: Melih Fereli, Artists: Joseph Beuys, Barbara Bloom, John Cage, Henning Christiansen, Osman Dinç, John Driscoll, William Engelen, Hreinn Friðfinnsson, Dick Higgins, Július Koller, Jarosław Kozłowski, Hans Peter Kuhn, Füsun Onur, Nam June Paik, Lene Adler-Petersen, Annette Ruenzler, Carles Santos, Michael Snow
David Tudor and Composers Inside Electronics, Inc., Rainforest V (variation 3), 10 September 2020 – 6 February 2022, Curator: Melih Fereli
On Celestial Bodies, 10 September 2020 – 8 August 2021, Curator: Kevser Güler, Artists: Thomas Bayrle, Elina Brotherus, Annabel Daou, A K Dolven, Aleksandar Dimitrijević, Terry Fox, Naomi Wanjiku Gakunga, Ludwig Gosewitz, Shilpa Gupta, Nilbar Güreş, Altan Gürman, Asta Gröting, Gülsün Karamustafa, Suchan Kinoshita, Milan Knížák, Igor Kopystiansky, Alicja Kwade, Nicholas Mangan, Vlado Martek, Aydan Murtezaoğlu, Alice Nikitinová, Füsun Onur, Fernando Ortega, Serkan Özkaya, Ebru Özseçen, Karin Sander, Monika Sosnowska, Mariana Vassileva
KP Brehmer, The Big Picture, 10 September 2020 – 21 March 2021, Curator: Selen Ansen
Alev Ebüzziya Siesbye, Repetition, 10 September 2020 – 7 March 2021, Curator: Eda Berkmen
Cevdet Erek, Bergama Stereotip, 27 February – 3 January 2021, Curator: Selen Ansen
2019
What Time Is It?, 13 September 2019 – 26 July 2020, Curators: Emre Baykal & Eda Berkmen, Artists: Mac Adams, Hüseyin Bahri Alptekin, Volkan Aslan, Marie Cool Fabio Balducci, Aslı Çavuşoğlu, Cengiz Çekil, Barış Doğrusöz, Cevdet Erek, Ayşe Erkmen, Harun Farocki, Hreinn Friðfinnsson, Bilge Friedlaender, Deniz Gül, Al Hansen, Mona Hatoum, Eric Hattan, Vlatka Horvat, Ahmet Doğu İpek, Alicja Kwade, Gülsün Karamustafa, Sinan Logie, Jonas Mekas, Füsun Onur, İz Öztat, Nam June Paik, Seza Paker, Sigmar Polke, Reiner Ruthenbeck, Michael Sailstorfer, Sarkis, Serge Spitzer, Hale Tenger, Nil Yalter
Words Are Very Unnecessary, 13 September 2019 – 26 July 2020, Curator: Selen Ansen, Artists: Gökçen Dilek Acay, Vito Acconci, Nevin Aladağ, Meriç Algün, Francis Alÿs, Yto Barrada, Mehtap Baydu, Joseph Beuys, Geta Brătescu, George Brecht, Elina Brotherus, Stanley Brouwn, Sophie Calle, Anetta Mona Chişa, Lucia Tkáčová, Henning Christiansen, Elmas Deniz, Elisabetta Di Maggio, Osman Dinç, Didem Erk, Ceal Floyer, Leylâ Gediz, Ludwig Gosewitz, Rebecca Horn, Vlatka Horvat, Allan Kaprow, Ali Kazma, Milan Knížák, Daniel Knorr, Július Koller, Igor Kopystiansky, Alicja Kwade, Lene Adler Petersen, Sigmar Polke, Karin Sander, Sarkis, Roman Signer, Amikam Toren, Ken Unsworth, Franz Erhard Walther, Anne Wenzel, Akram Zaatari
Altan Gürman, 13 September 2019 – 9 February 2020, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
İnci Furni, She Waited for a While, 13 September 2019 – 23 February 2020, Curator: Eda Berkmen
Ayşe Erkmen, Whitish, 13 September 2019 – 26 July 2020, Curator: Emre Baykal
Rosa Barba,The Hidden Conference, 13 September 2019 – 2 February 2020, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Céleste Bousier Mougenot, offroad, v.2, 13 September – 15 December 2019, Curator: Selen Ansen
2018
Ali Mahmut Demirel, Isle, 16 March – 15 July 2018, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Can Aytekin, Empty House, 16 March – 15 July 2018, Curator: Eda Berkmen
2017
Jake & Dinos Chapman, In the Realm of the Senseless, 10 February – 7 May 2017, Curator: Nick Hackworth
CANAN, Behind Mount Qaf, 12 September 2017 – 18 February 2018, Curator: Nazlı Gürlek
Ways of Seeing, 2 June 2017 – 13 August 2017, Curators: Sam Bardaouil & Till Fellrath, Artists: Ghada Amer, Chris Bond, Cantagalli, David Claerbout, Jojakim Cortis & Adrian Sonderegger, Hayri Çizel, Salvador Dali, Hans-Peter Feldmann, Andreas Gursky, Mona Hatoum, Jeppe Hein, Paul & Marlene Kos, Alicja Kwade, Gustav Metzger, Shana Moulton, Vik Muniz, Grayson Perry, Walid Raad, Edouard Frederic Wilhelm Richter, Fred Sandback, Markus Schinwald, Hassan Sharif, Cindy Sherman, Kim Tschang-Yeul, James Turrell, Kara Walker, James Webb, Frederik de Wit
2016
Bilge Friedlaender, Words, Numbers, Lines, 14 October 2016 – 15 January 2017, Curators: Mira Friedlaender & Işın Önol
Nil Yalter, Off the Record, 14 October 2016 – 15 January 2017, Curator: Eda Berkmen
Not All That Falls Has Wings, 9 June–18 September 2016, Curator: Selen Ansen, Artists: Bas Jan Ader, Phyllida Barlow, Cyprien Gaillard, Ryan Gander, Mikhail Karikis, Uriel Orlow, VOID, Anne Wenzel
Bahar Yürükoğlu, Flow Through, 30 March – 15 May 2016, Curator: Duygu Demir
Murat Akagündüz, Vertigo, 30 March – 15 May 2016, Curator: Aslı Seven
Şener Özmen, Unfiltered, 30 March – 15 May 2016, Curator: Süreyyya Evren
2015
Šejla Kamerić, When the Heart Goes Bing Bam Boom, 11 December 2015 – 28 February 2016, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Spaceliner, 15 May – 2 August 2015, Curator: Barbara Heinrich, Artists: Peter Anders, Sandra Boeschenstein, Pip Culbert, İnci Eviner, Monika Grzymala, Nic Hess, Gözde İlkin, Harry Kramer, Pauline Kraneis, Hans Peter Kuhn, Zilla Leutenegger, Pia Linz, Christiane Löhr, Ulrike Mohr, Jong Oh, Nadja Schöllhammer, Heike Weber
Ali Kazma, timemaker, 30 January – 5 April 2015, Curator: Emre Baykal
2014
The Roving Eye - Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia, 18 September 2014 – 4 January 2015, Curator: Iola Lenzi, Artists: Alwin Reamillo, Araya Rasdjarmrearnsook, Aung Ko, Aung Myint, Bui Cong Khanh, Chris Chong Chan Fui, Dinh Q. Lê, Duto Hardono, FX Harsono, Heri Dono, Isabel & Alfredo Aquilizan, Ise Roslisham, Jakkai Siributr, Jason Lim, Josephine Turalba, Krisna Murti, Lee Wen, Luong Hue Trinh & Nguyen Xuan Son, Manit Sriwanichpoom, Melati Suryodarmo, Mella Jaarsma, Michael Shaowanasai, Nguyen Van Cuong, Restu Ratnaningtyas, Srey Bandaul, Sutee Kunavichayanont, Tawatchai Puntusawasdi, Tay Wei Leng, Vasan Sitthiket, Vertical Submarine, Vu Dan Tan, Yee I-Lann
Füsun Onur, Through the Looking Glass, 28 May – 17 August 2014, Curator: Emre Baykal
Marc Quinn, The Sleep of Reason, 8 February – 27 April 2014, Curator: Selen Ansen
2013
Aslı Çavuşoğlu, The Stones Talk, 15 November 2013 – 12 January 2014, Curator: Özge Ersoy
Fatma Bucak, Yet Another Story About the Fall, 15 November 2013 – 12 January 2014, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Sarkis, Interpretation of Cage / Ryoanji, 15 November 2013 – 12 January 2014, Curator: Melih Fereli
Mat Collishaw, Afterimage, 2 May – 11 August 2013, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Volkan Aslan, Don’t Forget to Remember, 2 May – 11 August 2013, Curator: Emre Baykal
Envy, Enmity, Embarrassment, 24 January – 7 April 2013, Curator: Emre Baykal, Artists: Selim Birsel, Hera Büyüktaşçıyan, CANAN, Aslı Çavuşoğlu, Merve Ertufan & Johanna Adebäck, Nilbar Güreş, Berat Işık, Şener Özmen, Yusuf Sevinçli, Erdem Taşdelen, Hale Tenger, Mahir Yavuz
2012
Adel Abidin, Rosa Barba, Runa Islam, The Move, 5 October – 18 November 2012, Curator: Başak Şenova
Sophia Pompéry, The Silent Shape of Things, 21 June – 26 August 2012, Curator: Ece Pazarbaşı
Berlinde De Bruyckere, The Wound, 21 June – 26 August 2012, Curator: Selen Ansen
Nevin Aladağ, Stage, 6 April – 27 May 2012, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Mona Hatoum, You Are Still Here, 17 March – 27 May 2012, Curator: Emre Baykal
Erdem Helvacıoğlu, Freedom to the Black, 10 – 26 February 2012, Curator: Melih Fereli
2011
Kutluğ Ataman, Mesopotamian Dramaturgies, 15 September – 11 December 2011, Curator: Emre Baykal
Deniz Gül, 5 Person Bufet, 8 July – 25 September 2011, Curator: Emre Baykal
Patricia Piccinini, Hold Me Close to Your Heart, 22 June – 21 August 2011, Curator: Başak Doğa Temür
Tactics of Invisibility, 9 April – 5 June 2011, Curators: Daniela Zyman, Emre Baykal, Artists: Nevin Aladağ, Kutluğ Ataman, Cevdet Erek, Ayşe Erkmen, Esra Ersen, İnci Eviner, Nilbar Güreş, Hafriyat, Ali Kazma, Füsun Onur, Sarkis, Hale Tenger, Nasan Tur, xurban_collective
2010
Second Exhibition, 28 November 2010 – 13 March 2011, Curator: Emre Baykal, Artists: .-_-., Halil Altındere, Burak Arıkan, Volkan Aslan, Vahap Avşar, Banu Cennetoğlu – Yasemin Özcan Kaya, Ayşe Erkmen, Hafriyat (Murat Akagündüz, Antonio Cosentino, extramücadele, İnci Furni, Mustafa Pancar), Ali Kazma, Aydan Murtezaoğlu – Bülent Şangar, Ahmet Öğüt, İz Öztat, Cengiz Tekin, Canan Tolon
Starter - Works from the Vehbi Koç Foundation Contemporary Art Collection, 8 May – 31 October 2010, Curator: René Block, Artists: Adel Abidin, Lene Adler Petersen, Nevin Aladağ, Halil Altındere, Lauri Astala, Fikret Atay, Ay-O, Maja Bajević, Joseph Beuys, Barbara Bloom, Claus Böhmler, George Brecht, KP Brehmer, Elina Brotherus, Stanley Brouwn, John Cage, Sophie Calle, Mircea Cantor, Olga Chernysheva, Giuseppe Chiari, Anetta Mona Chişa & Lucia Tkáčová, Henning Christiansen, John Coplans, Cengiz Çekil, Braco Dimitrijević, Maria Eichhorn, Cevdet Erek, Ayşe Erkmen, Harun Farocki, Robert Filliou, Terry Fox, Dan Graham, Asta Gröting, Nilbar Güreş, Kristján Gudmundsson, Richard Hamilton, Al Hansen, Dick Higgins, Rebecca Horn, K.H. Hödicke, Joe Jones, Ilya & Emilia Kabakov, Šejla Kamerić, Aino Kannisto, Allan Kaprow, Gülsün Karamustafa, Diána Keller, William Kentridge, Alison Knowles, Servet Koçyiğit, Julius Koller, Jarosław Kozłowski, Arthur Köpcke, Konrad Lueg, George Maciunas, Walter Marchetti, Olaf Metzel, Mandana Moghaddam, Aydan Murtezaoğlu, Zoran Naskovski, Navid Nuur, Miklos Onucsan, Ahmet Öğüt, Erkan Özgen, Ebru Özseçen, Nam June Paik, Dan Perjovschi, Goran Petercol, Sigmar Polke, Sophia Pompéry, Diter Rot, Annette Ruenzler, Reiner Ruthenbeck, Michael Sailstorfer, Karin Sander, Carles Santos, Stuart Sherman, Serge Spitzer, Superflex, Bülent Şangar, Cengiz Tekin, Endre Tót, Nasan Tur, Ben Vautier, Wolf Vostell, Emmett Williams, Maaria Wirkkala | 2010 |
41999538 | Backwoods Gallery | 2014-02-20 18:05:27+00:00 | Backwoods Gallery is a contemporary art gallery located in the Melbourne suburb of Collingwood, Australia.
Backwoods Gallery is a contemporary art space located in Collingwood, Melbourne. The gallery exhibits the work of mid-career and emerging artists from Australia and around the world.
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33349187 | Baksı Museum | 2011-10-08 22:54:16+00:00 | Baksı Museum is a museum located in Bayburt, Turkey. “Baksı” literally means “healer, helper, protector” in Turkic languages. The museum offers contemporary art and traditional handcrafts. The basic aim of the foundation is, as quoted by founder Professor Hüsamettin Koçan, to "disseminate art and culture by bringing together contemporary and traditional art, to collect, document, classify, preserve and promote works of contemporary and traditional art, to use this base in realizing creation, and to hand local and national cultural values down to future generations".
Vuslat Emanet, May–November 2023
AŞİNA ŞAKİR GÖKÇEBAĞ, September 2019-July 2020
Nuri Bilge Ceylan, May–August 2019
Earth, June–October 2018
The Thorn On My Foot, May–November 2017
ON, August 15
The Sculptured Road To Miro, August 2014
Distance and Contact, August 2012
Custom and Art, October 2010
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Shaman's Diary March - April 2004
Charmed Hands 2, December - January 2003
Charmed Hands, 2000-2002 (Bilgi University's Art Space Information Workshop 111)
It sprouted as a dream of Bayburt-born artist and academy Professor. Dr. Hüsamettin Koçan in 2000. This project is the result of an effort to carry life to Husamettin Koçan's lands. Baksı Culture and Art Foundation was founded in 2005 in order to make this idea come to life. The museum has turned into a truly social project over the years with the contribution of many volunteers, especially artists.
The main building of the museum was completed in 2010 after a tough adventure without any financial assistance from the state. The presentation of the Baksı Museum was held in Istanbul Modern in June 2010 and the opening was in July. In 2012, the Warehouse Museum, the new exhibition hall of the museum, met with art lovers.
Ehram and Rug Workshop
Contemporary Art Workshop
YGA Social Innovation Camp was held at the Baksı Museum 20 July 2017
Yoga at Baksı Museum 8 June 2017
Baksı Student Art Festival is 5 Years Old 11 May 2017
Exhibition halls, Warehouse Museum, workshops, conference hall, library and guest house, Baksı Museum is spreading in a land of 40 acres.
Elle Style Awards 2015
Council of Europe Museum Prize, 2014
KuduakaA 2014
Çagsav Corporate Honorary Award 2011
T.B.M.M. Honor Award 2011
Tuyap Art-Lover Institution Award, 2010
Contemporary Istanbul, 2010
Golden Compass, 2010 | 2010 |
25840412 | Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake | 2010-01-17 17:45:38+00:00 | The timeline of rescue efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 involves the sequence of events in the days following a highly destructive 7.0 Mw earthquake with an epicenter 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the nation's capital, Port-au-Prince. With at least 70% of the city's buildings destroyed, the earthquake also caused damage and loss of life in other parts of the country. The Haitian government experienced a near-collapse and affected people were left mostly to their own resources until foreign aid arrived in the following days.
Initial death toll estimates ranged between 50,000 and 200,000.
16:53 local time (21:53 UTC): the earthquake happened.
People dug through rubble, rescuing survivors and recovering bodies. The bodies were laid out in the streets, some in piles. During the night, many people digging through the rubble used flashlights or torches.
The Argentine Air Force Mobile Field Hospital, already deployed at Port-au-Prince, was the only medical facility still open. Argentine helicopters from the United Nations force were helping evacuate the gravely injured people to Santo Domingo.
Haitian Rescuers searched collapsed buildings for victims. The wounded were taken to hospital in ambulances, police pickup trucks, wheelbarrows, and improvised stretchers. Many hospitals collapsed: on 13 January 2010, the Argentine military field hospital remained open in Port-au-Prince, and it was struggling to attend to the huge numbers of injured. Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) reported that at least two hospitals were still in good shape, and their doctors would begin treating about 500 people who needed emergency surgery. Bodies of the victims were piled on the streets. Heavy equipment was needed to dig through the ruins; many people were still trapped in collapsed buildings. A triage center was set up in a parking lot, but the wounded were forced to lie in medical tents to await treatment, due to the many patients, and water was scarce. In Pétion-Ville, people used sledgehammers and their hands to dig through a collapsed commercial center.
The first international team to arrive in Port-au-Prince was ICE-SAR from Iceland, landing within 24 hours of the earthquake. Some rescue teams, such as the ones from Cuba, arrived in Haiti and started their mission. The Peruvian government sent rescue teams, dogs and 50 tons of food transported by two Peruvian Air Force airplanes. Peruvian companies were providing food donations and other basic aid. However, the scale of rescue and relief efforts was yet to meet the need. Because of difficulties reaching some affected areas, some rescue teams tried to enter Haiti through the Dominican Republic. The United States Coast Guard deployed helicopters and several aircraft and cutters to the region to aid in relief work and perform reconnaissance flights over Haiti, which aided in assessing the worst damaged areas. The Coast Guard Cutter Forward arrived in the waters off Port-au-Prince at about 8 a.m. on Wednesday, and together with a Maritime Intelligence Support Team was able to assess some of the damage caused to the port. The Coast Guard Cutter Mohawk also arrived in the coastal waters of Haiti on Wednesday afternoon.
The International Committee of the Red Cross set up a special website to facilitate family contacts, which allowed people in Haiti and abroad to register the names of relatives whom they wanted to contact. It incorporated responses to those queries as they became available. Catholic Relief Services, which has worked in Haiti for 50 years, prepared food and other aid to help those affected, committing US $5 million to help survivors.
At 7pm EST a team of United States Air Force Combat Controllers landed at Toussaint Louverture International Airport and established control of Air Traffic Control duties within 28 minutes to assist in humanitarian aid efforts. The Combat Controllers directed over 2,500 flights without incident from a card table using only hand radios. Under their direction planes were able to take off and land every five minutes, bringing in over 4 million lb. of supplies. The team leader of the Combat Controllers, Chief Master Sergeant Tony Travis, was later recognized as one of Time magazine's 100 most influential people of 2010 because of their efforts.
Medical aid for the Haiti earthquake became a military-style operation. At least 20 countries provided manpower, supplies or financial aid to Haiti, while the most immediate foreign assistance was being provided by military and humanitarian contingents from neighboring Dominican Republic. Dominican president Leonel Fernández visited Haiti to set up an emergency plan for assistance with president René Préval, to include reestablishing communications, rescuing the victims, burying the dead, clearing the rubble, reestablishing the supplies for electricity and water and coordinating the Dominican army with the United Nations Stabilization Mission for the relief operations. Colombia's military also contributed to the relief effort by sending relief flights. Jamaica sent a team of 168 military and medical personnel to Port-au-Prince.
Staff of the International Committee of the Red Cross already in the country distributed medical items to hospitals and two ICRC-chartered aircraft carrying specialized staff and 40 tonnes of relief supplies – mainly medical items – left Geneva for the island. At the same time, the organization made its forensic expertise available to organizations attempting to recover and identify the dead.
Communication and infrastructure problems were worsened by the destruction. Streets were clogged with debris and rubble, making it nearly impossible to distribute food, water, temporary shelter, and medical supplies that had been delivered throughout the day by international charities and governments to the airport. Ships were also unable to render aid because the port facilities had been too damaged. The Port-au-Prince morgue became overwhelmed with thousands of dead bodies that were laid outside on the streets and sidewalks. Aid workers began to concentrate on identification and disposal of corpses. Concerns were also raised by a representative from Oxfam that aid workers may be overwhelmed with rampant crime from gangs who had taken over the country, which prompted the UN to intervene to restore some order.
Social networking became a significant response to the earthquake as Twitter and Facebook spread messages and pleas to assist; "Haiti", "Help Haiti", and "Red Cross" were among the most popular topics on Twitter. However, Haitians updating their Facebook statuses were blocked for repeatedly sending messages to tell people that they and their friends or family members were alive, which triggered spam guards on the website. The American Red Cross generated $7 million within 24 hours by offering an option to text message $10 donations by cell phone, setting a record for mobile donating. The OpenStreetMap community responded by greatly improving the level of mapping available for the area using post-earthquake satellite photography provided by GeoEye.
A reported 9,000 corpses were cleared off the street by Haitian government crews, and buried in mass graves, with thousands more awaiting burial in the streets and outside the morgue. Search and rescue teams from eight nations were employed to attempt to find survivors still trapped in buildings. Transportation into the affected areas remained problematic, as a bottleneck blocked aid arriving from the Port-au-Prince airport. Some organizations landed in Santo Domingo and drove into Haiti on rugged dirt roads. Pilots were told that any flights coming into Port-au-Prince should expect to circle the airport for at least an hour, and that no jet fuel was available.
Cuba lifted airspace restrictions to allow US airplanes to save time transporting critically wounded Haitians to the US.
Médecins Sans Frontières reported that the need for medical services at their two hospitals was "overwhelming". Although it had been badly damaged, the Hotel Villa Creole in Port-au-Prince was transformed into a hospital and media center; journalists used the drained swimming pool as an operating base, and Hope for Haiti and the International Medical Corps started a makeshift clinic for the wounded. The Dominican Institute of Communications set up a cell tower using a satellite link, to replace towers damaged by the quake.
Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada will consider fast-tracking immigration to help Haitian refugees. In the US, Haitians were granted Temporary Protected Status after Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano called the earthquake "a disaster of historic proportions". Temporary protected status will allow about 100,000 Haitians in the United States illegally to stay for 18 months, will stop the current deportations of 30,000 more, but will not apply to Haitians outside the US.
The U.N. World Food Programme denied that its warehouses in the Haitian capital had been looted, contrary to earlier erroneous reports. A Russian search-and-rescue team said the looting and general insecurity were forcing them to suspend their efforts after nightfall. Aid organizations were urged by the Brazilian military to add security details. The destruction of the U.N. base by the earthquake added to problems keeping order; the U.N. Stabilization Force was in Haiti before the earthquake to assist with emergency relief efforts, necessary because the country has a significant gang presence.
The staff of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Haiti distributed medical aid, assessing water needs and prepared for the arrival of several Emergency Response Units sent by Red Cross societies from across the world. These include a field hospital, mobile health units and water and sanitation units. The ICRC began working with the Federation and the Haitian Red Cross to enable these arriving specialists to be operational.
The tracking website Ushahidi joined social networking efforts, as messages from multiple sites were collected to assist Haitians still trapped or to get word to family members of survivors.
On the dawn of 15 January 2010, USS Carl Vinson and her escort group began deploying their helicopters, after sailing from the US at full speed. During her first day on-scene, she transferred about 35,000 gallons of fresh water to shore; she has the overall capability to distill 400,000 gallons daily. Carl Vinson will also provide medical, air transport, and food preparation facilities; she offloaded combat aircraft in order to provide more space for relief supplies and an increased complement of 19 helicopters. The carrier is transporting 600,000 emergency food rations and 100,000 ten-liter water containers; 20,000 containers of water were distributed on 15 January 2010. The amphibious helicopter carrier USS Bataan has also been deployed to Haiti, along with three large dock landing ships and two survey and salvage vessels, intending to create a "sea base" for the rescue effort.
On 15 January 2010, an Australian news crew assisted in the rescue of an 18-month-old baby girl from the rubble of her home. While the majority of the crew assisted from on top of the rubble, a man from the Dominican Republic working with the crew became frustrated with the pace and climbed into the rubble himself. He pulled the baby out. Her uncle was one of the people trying to rescue her. He said her mother was dead. Baby Winnie was seemingly unhurt from her ordeal of 68 hours in the rubble. A Spanish firefighting team, part of the Grupo de Especialistas Bomberos de Castilla y Leon, rescued a toddler from building rubble, and reunited him with his family. It was the first foreign mission of the team.
A rescue team sent by the Israel Defense Forces' Home Front Command established a field hospital which included specialised facilities to perform surgery, treat children, the elderly, and women in labour near the United Nations building in Port-au-Prince. It was set up in eight hours and began operations on the evening of 16 January.
French Navy vessel Francis Garnier left Martinique on 15 January 2010 carrying 60 Army personnel, land vehicles, and excavators. She stopped over at Guadeloupe to load further resources, and departed for Haiti on 16 January 2010. French cooperation minister Alain Joyandet had to liaise with the US ambassador in Paris after a French airplane carrying a field hospital was prevented from landing at Port-au-Prince airport.
Canadian Forces announced that its jet transports would be scheduled to complete two relief flights per day, while their slower C-130s will make three flights every two days; for this operation Canadian response personnel have been primarily selected from French-speaking regions.
The hospital ship USNS Comfort left the Port of Baltimore on 16 January 2010 bound for Haiti. On 16 January 2010, the guided-missile cruiser USS Bunker Hill headed toward Haiti, part of the US Navy's enlarging sea base directed at implementing disaster relief. Salvage ship USNS Grasp is being dispatched with divers whose task is to assess the Port-au-Prince seaport damage. By 16 January 2010, US military helicopters were airdropping food and supplies to the survivors.
By 18 January 2010, approximately 10,000 US troops are expected to be off the shores of Haiti, while MINUSTAH retains primary responsibility for security in Port-au-Prince, according to Defense Secretary Robert Gates. The US Dept. of Defense has created Joint Task Force Haiti to coordinate the Pentagon's relief efforts. Port-au-Prince's airport, now operated by the US military, can currently handle 90 flights a day, far short of what is needed; other distribution problems have become apparent, but despite the tension there are signs that aid is reaching those in need. Paratroopers from the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division set up a base for distributing water and food as the number of dead remains unknown.
International Committee of the Red Cross emergency experts assessed the capacity of the city's main medical facilities, the water and sanitation infrastructure of Port-au-Prince's Cité Soleil neighbourhood, and the assistance needs of those living in makeshift camps. ICRC teams also provided more non-food assistance to several local hospitals and places of detention.
The first Red Cross basic health care emergency response unit (ERUs, designed to provide basic and immediate health care to 30,000 people) arrived on 16 January. It included water and sanitation units, logistic units, IT and telecommunication infrastructure, and a 250-bed hospital. Many more ERUs were to be deployed over the following days.
A Haitian woman gave birth to a healthy baby boy while on board USCGC Tahoma during the afternoon of 16 January 2010; the cutter was transporting wounded survivors from Port-au-Prince to the still-functional medical facilities of Cap-Haïtien, to the north.
A minister for the Haitian government reported on 16 January 2010 that nearly 20,000 bodies had been recovered by government crews. In addition, some reports indicated total deaths may approach 200,000 with a further 250,000 injuries; other estimates showed as many as one million Haitians are now homeless.
Haitian Police officers opened fire on hundreds of looters, killing at least one. Episodes of looting continued, as aid officials feared a breakout of lawlessness unless US troops can deliver the needed aid to the up to three million survivors who have not received any.
USNS Grasp and USS Underwood resupplied at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay and then began operations in Haitian waters. Additional doctors and corpsmen were transferred from USS Carl Vinson offshore, to the inshore USCG cutters, with the objective of enhancing littoral medical access for injured Haitians.
The US Army is sending two landing craft utilities to help unload shipments from larger vessels, while the facilities at Port international de Port-au-Prince are not usable.
The first of three massive Red Cross Red Crescent basic health care emergency response units (ERUs) arrived on 16 January 2010. The ERU is designed to provide basic and immediate health care to 30,000 people. So far, 14 ERUs have been deployed to Haiti, with most expected to arrive in the coming days. They include water and sanitation units, logistic units, IT and telecommunication infrastructure, and a massive 250-bed hospital.
Two aftershock earthquakes measuring 4.6 and 4.7 struck an area about ten miles West of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince.
It was announced that Canada would send 1,000 soldiers from Royal 22e Régiment to help secure a rapidly deteriorating Haiti in addition to about 200 Canadian soldiers already on the ground there (Operation Hestia).
US Marines with the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) – joined under the Bataan Amphibious ready group (ARG) – begin arriving in Haiti in order to conduct a Humanitarian-Assistance Disaster-Relief (HADR) mission. The ARG consists of the USS Bataan, USS Carter Hall and USS Fort McHenry. Units within the MEU consist of 1,600 Marines with the Combat Logistics Battalion 22, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines, Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 461 and the MEU Command Element. 150 Marines aboard the USS Gunston Hall joined the 22nd MEU as well. Ships arriving off Port-au-Prince on 18 January 2010 included the first vessel of the proposed seabase, USS Gunston Hall, along with the cruiser USS Normandy and salvage ship USNS Grasp.
Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines has begun using scheduled ports of call in northern Haiti to transfer emergency supplies using extra space on its liners.
Long-awaited air drops have begun by the US air force in the countryside. Three sites were secured. If air drops are successful, the method will be used more widely. It was originally feared that air drops with no security would cause riots and other problems. By 18 January 2010, 5,800 US troops were in Haiti or offshore on naval vessels, and 7,500 Marines were sent to join their effort.
On 18 January 100 US troops were transported by helicopter onto the lawn of the Presidential Palace to help restore order and distribute aid. An airfield near Jacmal was prepared to take incoming flights to increase aid to more isolated towns west of Port-au-Prince.
Canada is sending HMCS Halifax to Jacmel and HMCS Athabaskan to Léogâne.
Spain is dispatching the amphibious warfare ship Castilla to Haiti.
The Dutch warship Hr. Ms. Pelikaan arrives at Port-au-Prince with relief supplies.
It was announced USS Bataan, USS Fort McHenry, and USS Carter Hall sailed into Haitian waters, putting most major elements of the sea-base on scene, except for USNS Comfort which is scheduled to arrive within the next 24 hours; Comfort has expanded its intensive-care center from 50 to 80 beds while en route, in anticipation of Haitian needs. Another large French vessel was ordered to Haiti, the Landing Platform Dock Siroco. The US Navy Listed its assets in the area as "17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed-wing aircraft;" this was in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines.
With help of technicians from Radio France and TDF who installed a new transmitter, MINUSTAH FM, the radio of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti is emitting again, including programs by Haitian journalists from other destroyed radios.
A 22-day-old baby girl was found in the ruins of the Jacmel hospital's maternity ward, by Colombian rescuers. Her parents were unable to get news about her since the earthquake struck. The girl was found many days beyond the usual survival period of three days without water.
Canada's 8 Air Communications and Control Squadron installed runway lighting at Jacmel Airport, enabling aircraft to land at night, with radar control of the airspace provided by the nearby HMCS Halifax in the Bay of Jacmel. Opening the Jacmel airfield 24 hours-a-day was intended to help relieve congestion at Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince.
Italy dispatched the aircraft carrier Cavour to Haiti for earthquake relief.
USNS Comfort arrives in Haiti.
The delivery of aid to those suffering in Haiti remains problematic.
Haitian burial workers continued to fill mass graves. Earth-moving equipment was used to dig the graves, and up to 10,000 bodies were buried in a single day.
Downhillers for Haiti was set up, and the bibs of alpine skiers for the Saturday event at Kitzbühel were to be auctioned off on the internet. They would be signed by the skiers.
Nassau Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) carrying the 24th MEU (Marine Expeditionary Unit) arrives to assist with the international humanitarian aid effort following the earthquake.
Radar and air traffic control services are activated by the Canadian Forces at Jacmel Airport, located near the city with the same name on Haiti's south coast, Jacmel, in order to start 24-hours-a-day flight operations. This will relieve congestion at Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince. An air traffic control facility was established at the airport, runway lighting installed, and as of 22 January the airport could accommodate a mix of 160 military and civilian fixed-wing and helicopter flights per day. Further expansion of the airport is underway, with a view to accommodating heavy-lift transporters such as C-17 Globemasters.
Cuba has opened its airspace up to relief flights to fly directly from South Florida to Haiti.
The Haitian government declares an end to rescue efforts.
In a TV interview made by C5N channel, the Commander of the Argentine force in MINUSTAH declared that the different countries of the world had already transported to Haiti 14 million field rations.
Canadian military firefighters are inspecting buildings in Jacmel to ascertain which are structurally sound and usable.
Although more aid is reaching the Haitian people, the relief efforts are still falling short of the need. Uruguayan UN Peacekeepers had to fire rubber bullets to try to control unruly crowds, while distributing rice.
Haiti: Strength in Union (Haïti – L'union fait la force), the donors conference in Montreal is underway (within the ICAO headquarters building). Many attend, including US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Lawrence Cannon, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bernard Kouchner, Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive.
The European Union has decided to ship 300–350 police officers to Haiti, as part of the relief effort. France will contribute around 140, Spain 100, the Netherlands 60, and the rest will come from other EU members.
A man is rescued from the rubble in central Port-au-Prince two weeks after the earthquake, although, he claimed to have been trapped in a later aftershock.
Brazilian troops distributed food at the tent city next to the Palais National had to use tear gas and pepper spray because of unruly crowds.
France has offered to rebuild the Presidential Palace, as it was.
A 16-year-old girl was pulled alive and dehydrated from the rubble 15 days after the earthquake.
It was discovered that the south pier of the Port international de Port-au-Prince was more damaged that initially appeared, and cannot be used safely. It had previously been used by one ship at a time, unloading one container at a time, gingerly. The port continues to be used by military landing craft of the type used in amphibious warfare to force a beachhead from a seaborne invasion.
In Pétion-Ville, Nepalese UN Peacekeepers had to wield batons to try to control unruly crowds. The World Food Program convoy delivering food was one of the few to make it to the point of distribution and distribute all of the aid. Several earlier convoys were unable to complete delivery, or reach distribution points before delivery. Some had been targeted by bandits. With banditry striking right after distribution, stealing from the recipients of food aid, all UN food distribution sorties are escorted by UN Peacekeepers now, utilizing over 50% of available Peacekeepers.
Francis Garnier left to return to Fort-de-France.
Several violent incidents occurred while distributing food in Port-au-Prince. At the Ministry of Culture, Haitian police distributed oil, soap, pasta and rice. Several men scaled walls and jumped onto the trucks with aid, and started throwing stuff into the crowd. In Cité Soleil, stones were thrown at aid workers distributing rice, and their Argentine UN Peacekeeper escort.
Plans have been established by the US military to shift some military flights from Toussaint Louverture International Airport in Port-au-Prince to Jacmel Airport, to allow civilian flights into Toussaint Louverture. It is expected that around 100 flights would be shifted. Canadian Forces are preparing for the increase in traffic, and already dealing with degradation of the airstrip surface due to the current overuse at Jacmel.
141 orphans were flown to the US, in an aircraft chartered by a group led by Stephen Studdert. The group came to Haiti with 130 doctors, nurses and contractors to help rebuild the Healing Hands children's hospital.
Nearly three weeks after the earthquake, the UN is preparing to start a major food distribution program with the goal of reaching two million people in two weeks. Only women will be allowed to directly receive the supplies.
The program, run by the World Food Programme (WPF) working with its partners in the relief effort, began Sunday in Port-au-Prince with the US military keeping order to avoid chaos.
The Canadian military have started to patrol Jacmel-area orphanages to try to protect against orphan-trafficking.
A food aide convoy transporting aide delivered to Jérémie Airport through Jérémie, encountered a hijacking attempt by 20 men.
It is reported that the US has stopped making rescue flights of medical evacuees of the earthquake to American hospitals because of a dispute over who will pay for the medical costs. United States Transportation Command spokesman said that, apparently, some states were unwilling to accept the entry of Haitian patients. The New York Times quoted the US military as saying that the flights were suspended because of a dispute over whether the federal government or the state government of Florida would pay for the evacuees' medical care. The White House spokesman, however, declared that the flights had been halted due to "logistical reasons that have nothing to do with funding". Hundreds of patients with spinal injuries, burns and other wounds have been evacuated to the US up to 30 January.
The UN World Food Program started handing out food only to women with vouchers in Port-au-Prince on Sunday, to control the near-riotous conditions that had previously been encountered. Nine of the sixteen identified distribution points were functioning, and the crowds were calmer. The vouchers were handed out the day before on Saturday. 55 lbs bags of rice were handed out to the women. The ration card system is to be extended to other populations besides women with family in the fortnight to come.
The US White House announced that funds and hospital capacity has been found for more medevac candidates to the US. Flights had been suspended in the middle of the week, due to concerns of lack of hospital capacity in Florida, lack of funds from Florida's state government. Medivac flights were to resume Monday afternoon.
A Canadian military medical team sortied out from Léogâne, and performed aid operations in the village of Tom Gato.
A food shipment sent through the Pignon Airport, for an orphanage in the commune of Pignon was looted just after leaving the airport gates. A negotiation between the aid shippers and the local mayor lead to a partitioning of food aid between the orphanage and the rest of the population.
An effort to transport displaced children from Haiti to the Dominican Republic has been stopped by Haitian authorities. The children did not have exit visas, and were claimed to be all orphans. The New Life Children's Refuge group of 10 US Baptist missionaries from Idaho were arrested on kidnapping charges. At least 10 of the 33 children have been found to not be orphans, as claimed by the missionaries, but have parents, as revealed at the SOS Children's Village orphanage in Croix-des-Bouquets, a suburb of Port-au-Prince.
The UN Development Programme (UNDP) is employing over 12,000 Haitians in rubble clearance, as part of the relief effort, to provide jobs to the needy. The project is called the "cash-for-work" scheme and pays labourers 150 gourdes ($4 US) for a half-day's work, and also provides food.
The relief mission has ended for USS Carl Vinson, USS Bunker Hill, USNS Henson, which are leaving Haiti for other assignments.
Quincy Jones and Lionel Richie have produced a new version of "We Are The World" for Haitian quake relief, on the song's 25th anniversary year, We Are the World 25 for Haiti
Streetlighting has been restored to Delmas.
Haitians started to self-organize their refugee camps, to provide order, so that aid can be properly dispersed into the camps.
The UN announced that Japanese and South Korean military engineering teams will be deployed to Léogâne and Gressier.
The US recommenced medevac flights to the US, after having suspended them since Wednesday last. The flights would now avoid Florida, as previous flights to Florida had used up capacity in the state.
Lawyers Without Borders Canada announced an initiative to restore and reform the Haitian justice system. It would set up aid stations, and send lawyers in to advise Haitians.
300 protesters at the Pétion-Ville Mayor's Office and nearby Place Saint-Pierre square voiced complaints about the lack of aid and food.
It has been revealed that the New Life Children's Refuge group had been informed that what they were doing was illegal, but that they proceeded anyway. They had approached various orphanages in Haiti and been rejected, because they appeared to act like child-traffickers, before being directed to a mountain village, Calebasse, where they promised parents a better life for their children, and got permission from the poor subsistence farmers to take their children away. Haiti is deciding whether it can hold a trial or should "extradite" the Baptists for trial in the US.
Quebec has relaxed immigration rules on which relatives qualify for sponsorship, to allow Haitian Quebecers to sponsor more relatives to come to Quebec.
USS Higgins has ended its relief mission and has headed for its home port.
RFA Largs Bay has left Britain for Haiti carrying a load of aid supplies.
Patrimoine Sans Frontière has announced a mission to Port-au-Prince and Jacmel, to attempt to preserve as much heritage architecture as possible, while also ensuring minimal safety standards.
The UN has announced that former US President, Bill Clinton, has been named as the chief of the UN Haitian reconstruction effort.
Cuba has announced it will dispatch a fifth field hospital to Haiti, for Les Cayes.
South Korea is preparing to send 250 peacekeepers to Léogâne.
Electricity was restored to some sectors of Pétion-Ville and Carrefour at the beginning of February.
Spanish warship Castilla arrives in Petit-Goâve.
Incidents of blackmarketeering of food aide, and corruption in the distribution of ration cards have cropped up.
Laura Silsby's New Life Children's Refuge group of Southern Baptists has been charged with kidnapping and conspiracy. The kidnapping charges could result in 15 years in prison, while the criminal association charges could result in 9 years. They could additionally face life imprisonment for child trafficking.
Japanese troops will be deploying to Gressier and the surrounding region, in February. The 350 personnel will be mostly engineers, to help with demolition and reconstruction, with some earthquake building experts to examine structures.
Downhillers for Haiti raised approximately $250,000 for Haiti relief, through the auction of their racing bibs. The proceeds were to be given to the International Red Cross.
56,000 tonnes of medical supplies have departed Bayonne, New Jersey for Haiti aboard a Royal Caribbean cruise ship.
The first 160 Japanese troops are leaving for Haiti.
After the G7 Finance Ministers summit in Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada; the G7 decided to cancel all debts of Haiti owing to their nations. Before the meeting, several of the countries had already announced intentions to do so.
Dominica and Saint Lucia announced they would provide around 60 Creole-speaking personnel to provide help to Haiti in the Haitians' own language.
The 10 Americans of Laura Silsby's group were denied conditional release by a Haitian court, due to the severity of the charges against them. Their defence lawyer says that the nine aside from Silsby, were unknowing in not having proper documentation or following procedures, in that they believed Silsby had the proper authorizations. Under Haitian justice, they are deemed guilty until proven otherwise.
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) announced that tourism is critical to the recovery of Haiti after the tremblor.
USS Nassau (LHA-4) has ended its relief mission, and is continuing on with its previous mission. Aboard is the US 24th MEU, which is also leaving.
The Quebec Federation of School Boards (Fédération des commissions scolaires du Québec – FCSQ) has announced its intention to participate in the rebuilding of the school system.
A survivor was found underneath the rubble of the Croix Bossal market in Port-au-Prince, where he was a rice seller. It appears that he was trapped for the entire four weeks since the earthquake. He says that at some point, someone passed him some water during his entrapment. He was extremely emaciated and dehydrated.
The first 30 of 240 Korean peacekeepers have been scheduled to leave on 10 February 2010 for Léogâne, with a freighter. The mission comprises 120 military engineers, 22 medics and a 1,200 tonne-freighter filled with supplies and equipment.
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization has started a "cash-for-work" programme to clear irrigation canals in the Léogâne area.
The National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France, or BNF) has announced that it will aid in the reconstruction of the library network of Haiti.
It has been revealed that an earlier attempt by New Life Children's Refuge (Laura Silsby's group), three days before their final abortive attempt, was tried. Up to forty children were removed from a bus by a Haitian police officer at a tent city, who informed the group that it was illegal to remove Haitian children.
Choice Hotels reiterated its commitment to Jacmel, and the post-quake recovery of the city. It will go ahead with its two planned hotels in the city.
The US 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit is rotating out of Haiti, having been replaced by the US 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit, in their position on USS Bataan and Carrefour, Léogâne, Grand-Goâve, Petit-Goâve.
Electricity has been reestablished for streetlighting to parts of Port-au-Prince.
A Dominican legal adviser to the New Life Children's Refuge for their Dominican Republic affairs has been put under investigation in Haiti and El Salvador for sex trafficking young women and girls.
Jamaica rotated its team out, with a new team composed of 158 military and medical personnel rotating in.
The single We Are the World 25 for Haiti was released and debuted on 12 February 2010, during the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics.
The US relief force has been reduced from roughly 20,000 troops to roughly 13,000 troops.
USS Gunston Hall ended its relief mission and has headed back to its original mission.
The 190th Civil Engineering Squadron of the Kansas National Guard has returned home after relief efforts in Haiti.
The We Are the World 25 for Haiti music video is released to the public.
½ million eggs, or 50,000 lbs of liquid egg is being donated by 8 Michigan farmers, as part of the US national Good Egg Project to donate 3 million eggs to Haiti's schoolchildren.
A barge with 100,000 tons of relief supplies is being prepared at the New Orleans, Louisiana port of New Iberia, Louisiana. It is scheduled to arrive on 1 March at the port of Jacmel.
Emergency Architects of Canada is preparing for a 5–10 year mission to reconstruct Haiti, and upgrade surviving structures to better survive earthquakes.
A Haitian judge has released eight of the ten detained members of the New Life Children's Refuge, after interviewing parents who revealed that they voluntarily gave up their children. The two remaining, Laura Silsby and Charisa Coulter, have been held over for more questioning. Coulter, who has diabetes, may be held at a hospital. Coulter and Silsby are being investigated over a previous visit to Haiti, before the earthquake. Members of the group had previously stated that Silsby had misled them. Their Dominican legal advisor, Jorge Puello, has acknowledged he is being investigated for sex trafficking in El Salvador. The eight released members arrived on a USAF C-130 to Miami at 23h30. They still face kidnapping charges in Haiti.
The first 200 troops of the Japanese deployment are inspecting the safety of buildings in Gressier and Léogâne.
RFA Largs Bay arrives at Port-au-Prince, carrying relief supplies.
The Korean peacekeepers in Léogâne have started constructing a hospital.
On 19 February, HMCS Halifax finished its operational tour, and left Jacmel.
A Canadian seismic sensor network of three stations has been established in Haiti. The network is not considered permanent, but will remain for quite some time. The stations are in secure locations, being expensive equipment, and are satellite linked to Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa. They are solar powered, so do not require grid connections. One station is at the Canadian Embassy in Port-au-Prince (in the suburb of Pétion-Ville, in the district of Juvénat), and has a permanent guard of one. Another is at the Jacmel Airport, currently run by Canadian Forces personnel. The third is at a Léogâne orphanage, considered secure, but there are problems discouraging children from playing with it. The stations are roughly 50 km apart. These are the first seismic stations ever in the country.
A Spanish version of "We Are the World" was recorded for Haiti earthquake relief. Amongst the performers were Carlos Santana, José Feliciano and David Archuleta.
Partial commercial operations resumed at Port-au-Prince International Airport.
It has been revealed that all the "orphans" of the group "rescued" by Laura Silsby and Charisa Coulter's New Life Children's Refuge were not orphans at all. 13 of the children originated in the Citron slum, while others came from the mountain village of Callabas. Silsby and Coulter had engaged two Americans residing in the Dominican Republic to be official signers for their plan for an orphanage there, in the village of Gaspar Hernandez, consisting of an orphanage, a clinic and two schools. After the quake, they engaged the local Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Plata to rent them a 45-room building at $7400/month. The baptist missionaries had invested $3000 in childproofing the building. The plan was cancelled when they were arrested, said the Roman Catholic Church, and the Baptist missionaries' real estate agent, Jose Hidalgo.
Siroco ends its mission and heads for home.
Twitter has struck a deal to provide free SMS tweets to Haitians who use Digicel.
Canadian military evacuation flights have ended, Canadians desiring to leave are now required to depart via commercial flights via Port-au-Prince International Airport, which have resumed.
In Limbé, a mob of citizens erected barricades on the exit route of a World Food Program convoy, and attacked the convoy and its Peacekeepers with rocks, to try to gain the goods carried within. The situation was resolved with no injuries and no arrests, after the National Police had been dispatched. The Peacekeepers had agreed to distribute milk.
Haitian president René Préval has revealed an estimate of needing three years to clear the rubble of the quake.
The main port of Port-au-Prince has ramped up to handle container traffic around 600 containers a day, despite still having infrastructure damage. This is in excess of the 250 containers a day that it had been handling before the quake. The functioning of the port allows increased aid shipments arriving in-country.
190 South Korean Peacekeepers left home for deployment in Léogâne.
The 240-member contingent of South Korean Peacekeepers (Task Force Danbi / Operation Danbi) has arrived in Léogâne.
The Haitian government revealed resettlement plans for Port-au-Prince, involving 5 sites around the city, two on government owned land, and three other privately held sites. The privately held site owners have demanded in total, $100 million for use of their land.
The IFRC decongested a refugee camp in Léogâne, creating a second one out of the overflow.
A second donors conference was announced for 31 March in New York City.
Operations at Jacmel Airport have decreased to 20–40 flights daily down from the high average of 80 daily.
Shaw Communications Inc. has announced a donation of $900,000 for Haiti quake relief.
Haiti has issued a request for aid from the Haitian diaspora.
Swiss-based Medair has started provided permanent shelters in Jacmel, that can evolved from metal-framed tents to metal clad sheds. With residents clearing their own lots, Medair would provide the shelter.
Residents of the Pinchinat tent city in Jacmel are receiving one meal a day.
Two Doctors Without Borders workers were kidnapped.
The last medical personnel of the Jamaican relief mission has left.
The Van Doos have started withdrawing from Haiti.
Charisa Coulter, Laura Silsby's second-in-command, was released from jail.
A CMAT medical team was rerouted from Chile to Haiti after it was determined that there was a lesser need in Chile.
The dockside Canadian walk-in medical clinic in Jacmel closed, after treating more than 10,000 patients.
USNS Comfort has ended its mission in the Joint Task Force Haiti area as part of Operation Unified Response, and is returning to its home port.
HMCS Athabaskan has ended its mission in Operation Hestia and is returning home to CFB Halifax.
RFA Largs Bay has been delivering aid and supplies to remote areas of Gonaïves.
The two kidnapped MSF workers have been released.
RFA Largs Bay arrived off the coast of Anse-à-Veau and made a large aid drop.
The Young Artists for Haiti music video for K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" premiered on MuchMusic, and became available for download. Proceeds from sales are to be contributed to Haiti relief through the Canadian Red Cross.
The Canadian military have already vacated Jacmel.
Some schools have reopened in Jacmel.
The Spanish frigate Álvaro de Bazán, delivers supplies and fresh personnel for Operation Hispaniola and Castilla.
The World Bank estimates that $11.5 billion over the next three years will be needed for reconstruction.
The children taken by Laura Silsby's group have been returned to their parents.
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has released an estimate that $800 million USD will be needed to revive the agriculture sector of the Haitian economy.
The last of the Jamaican military team left Haiti. This marks the departure of the last elements of CARICOM personnel.
DHL Express and the One Laptop per Child Foundation have combined to donate 2000 laptop computers for Haitian schools and their students to use. They are refurbished computers of the OLPC "XO" model.
2,200 US Marines, the 22MEU, and USS Bataan finished their tour, and have left Haiti.
Several British Columbia groups have combined together to donate several baby monitors and incubators for Haiti.
Tulane University is planning to set up a permanent clinic in Jacsonville, Haiti, where it currently operates an urgent care clinic. A permanent clinic by Tulane has been in the works since last year.
RFA Largs Bay has ended her mission and has left Haiti for the UK.
VANOC has donated the surplus medical and dental supplies from the 2010 Olympics and 2010 Paralympics for Haiti quake relief, approximately 900 kg worth.
After Haiti's 2010 earthquake, President Preval gave the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) the mandate to work with the Education Ministry and the National Commission, preparing a major reform of the education system in a five-year plan. | 2010 |
25692176 | Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010) | 2010-01-05 18:34:38+00:00 | The following is a timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. For his time as president-elect, see the presidential transition of Barack Obama; for a detailed account of his first months in office, see first 100 days of Barack Obama's presidency; for a complete itinerary of his travels, see list of presidential trips made by Barack Obama.
January 5 – President Obama holds a major security meeting in the wake of the attempted attack on Northwest Airlines Flight 253.
January 7 – President Obama meets with former President Bill Clinton at the White House.
January 13 – President Obama holds a press conference discussing the operations of US government organizations such as USAID and the Department of Defense in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
January 14 – President Obama commits US$100,000,000 to help Haiti recover from the 2010 earthquake, while calling on former American Presidents George W. Bush and Bill Clinton to assist.
January 16 – Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and USAID Director Rajiv Shah travel to Haiti.
January 17 – President Obama travels to Boston, Massachusetts to campaign for Martha Coakley in the Senate special election.
January 18 – President Obama participates in community service activities to honor slain civil rights hero Martin Luther King Jr., while also visiting the American Red Cross headquarters and personally submitting his first Twitter update.
January 21 – President Obama announces the "Volcker rule" and a host of other proposals for new banking regulation.
January 22 – President Obama travels to Elyria, Ohio, visiting the Lorain County Community College and emphasizing his political agenda.
January 25 – President Obama hosts the Los Angeles Lakers at the White House for winning the 2009 NBA Finals.
January 27 – President Obama delivers his annual State of the Union Address before a joint session of Congress.
January 28 – President Obama travels to MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, Florida, where he met with crew helping with the humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, before holding a town hall meeting at the University of Tampa.
January 30 – Former President George H. W. Bush makes a social call on President Obama at the White House.
February 1 – President Obama announces his proposal for the fiscal year 2011 federal budget. President Obama answers questions submitted by the public in a live session moderated by Steve Grove of YouTube; the session is broadcast from the White House and on YouTube's CitizenTube channel.
February 2 – President Obama travels to Nashua, New Hampshire, touring small businesses before giving a speech at Nashua North High School.
February 3 – President Obama hosts a meeting of Governors in the State Dining Room. Afterwards, the President holds a Cabinet-level exercise in crisis-management in preparation for the 2010 Vancouver Olympics.
February 6 – President Obama speaks at a gathering of the Democratic National Committee's Winter Meeting at the Capitol Hilton in Washington, D.C. The President's motorcade encounters trouble due to the blizzard that affected the region when a snow-laden tree branch fell on a vehicle carrying journalists as it returned to the White House; no one was injured.
February 9 – The Obamas host a concert of music from the era of the Civil Rights Movement at the White House to celebrate Black History Month. The concert marks the beginning of the 2010 White House music series.
February 10 – President Obama holds an "urban economy summit" in the Oval Office with African-American leaders including Al Sharpton, Benjamin Jealous, and Marc Morial.
February 11 – President Obama meets with senior representatives from the March of Dimes charity, discussing the effects of preterm birth.
February 16 – President Obama announces $8.3 billion in federal loan guarantees to help Southern Company build two new nuclear reactors in Burke County, Georgia. President Obama also nominates career diplomat and former United States Ambassador to Algeria Robert Ford to be the first United States Ambassador to Syria since 2005.
February 18 – President Obama meets with the Dalai Lama in the Map Room at the White House.
February 25 – President Obama delivers opening remarks at his bipartisan health care summit at Blair House. President Obama awards the National Medal of Arts and the National Humanities Medal to twenty recipients in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House.
February 27 – The White House announces the naming of Julianna Smoot as Deputy Assistant to the President and Social Secretary; Smoot replaces Desirée Rogers.
February 28 – President Obama travels to Bethesda, Maryland, for a routine medical examination at the National Naval Medical Center, where he later visits soldiers who were wounded in the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan.
March 1 – Speaking at the United States Chamber of Commerce, President Obama announces that $900 million in grants would be given to under-performing schools in America upon acceptance of a reform model.
March 2 – Promoting his energy-related jobs proposals, President Obama addresses the faculty and students at the Savannah Technical College in Savannah, Georgia.
March 5 – President Obama travels to Arlington, Virginia, discussing his Administration's policy and the economic situation at the headquarters of OPOWER, a corporation producing efficient energy use technology.
March 8 – President Obama discusses health care reform at Arcadia University in Glenside.
March 10 – President Obama travels to St. Louis, Missouri, where he discusses his plans for health care reform.
March 13 – While in Atlanta, Georgia, President Obama details his plans for the overhaul of the American education system.
March 19 – President Obama speaks at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, discussing his plans for major health care reform.
March 20 – President Obama confers with the Democratic Caucus of the United States House of Representatives, urging members to vote in favor of administration health care reform proposals.
March 23 – The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is signed into law by the President. It is the first major health care reform law enacted in the history of the United States.
March 25 – President Obama speaks at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, where he defends the newly signed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
March 28 – President Obama makes an unannounced visit to Afghanistan where he meets with Afghan President Hamid Karzai.
March 30 – President Obama signs the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 into law at a ceremony at the Alexandria campus of Northern Virginia Community College. President Obama hosts French President Nicolas Sarkozy and his wife, Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, at the White House.
March 31 – Speaking at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility, President Obama announces that he will approve oil and gas exploration in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of Virginia, ending a moratorium on drilling off the East Coast of the United States.
April 1 – President Obama holds an hour-long phone conversation with Chinese President Hu Jintao, delaying Air Force One on the tarmac at Andrews Air Force Base for ten minutes after landing.
April 4 – The Obama family celebrates Easter at Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Southeast, Washington, D.C., drawing attention to an area with high crime and unemployment rates.
April 5 – The Obamas host thousands of families on the White House lawn for the annual White House Easter Egg Roll. President Obama throws the ceremonial first pitch at the Washington Nationals season opener against the Philadelphia Phillies at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C., marking the 100th year of the presidential tradition.
April 8 – President Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev sign the latest Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), a "major" nuclear arms control agreement that reduces the nuclear weapons stockpiles of both countries.
April 9 – President Obama and Czech President Václav Klaus hold a meeting at Prague Castle.
April 10 – President Obama calls Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk to express his condolences following the death of Polish President Lech Kaczyński and others in a plane crash.
April 11 – President Obama holds talks at Blair House with heads of state from India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and South Africa on the eve of the Nuclear Security Summit that the President is hosting in Washington, D.C.
April 12 – President Obama holds bilateral meetings with a number of heads of state—including a high-profile meeting with Chinese President Hu Jintao—and hosts a working dinner with foreign government delegations as part of the Nuclear Security Summit that he is hosting.
April 13 – President Obama participates in the second and final day of the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C., proclaiming at the conclusion of the gathering that "real progress" was made toward the goal of securing nuclear material worldwide.
April 15 – In a major space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center, President Obama outlines his proposal to add $6 billion to NASA's budget over the next five years with funding being used for deep space exploration rather than lunar exploration. In a memorandum to Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius, President Obama orders the Department of Health and Human Services to write rules that would prohibit hospitals that receive funding from Medicare or Medicaid from denying visitation privileges on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.
April 17 – Due to air travel disruption across Europe after the eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano, the White House cancels plans for President Obama to attend the funeral of Polish President Lech Kaczyński.
April 22 – Speaking at Cooper Union in Lower Manhattan, President Obama urges CEOs to back his financial reform proposal and to support regulatory legislation.
April 23 – President Obama speaks at a naturalization ceremony for active-duty members of the U.S. military forces in the Rose Garden, strongly criticizing the newly passed Arizona SB1070 measure against illegal immigration, and calling for federal immigration reform.
April 23–25 – President and Mrs. Obama are in Asheville, North Carolina for a weekend vacation.
April 25 – President Obama meets briefly with Billy Graham at Graham's home in Montreat, North Carolina. President Obama and Vice President Biden travel to Beckley, West Virginia, where they meet with family members of miners killed in the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster; President Obama delivers a eulogy at a service for the 29 miners who died in the mine explosion.
April 26 – President Obama welcomes the World Series Champion New York Yankees to the White House to honor their 2009 season. The President also speaks at the Presidential Summit on Entrepreneurship at the Ronald Reagan Building.
April 27 – President Obama travels to Iowa and tours the Siemens Wind Turbine Blade Manufacturing Plant in Fort Madison, Iowa. There the President delivers remarks on how to grow the economy and put Americans back to work. The President also visits a local business in Mt. Pleasant, Iowa and holds a town hall meeting in Indian Hills Community College, Ottumwa, Iowa, spending the night in Des Moines
April 28 – President Obama tours a POET Biorefining plant in Macon, Missouri and delivers remarks on rebuilding the economy. The President then tours a local farm and visits with the family that operates the farm in Palmyra, Missouri. Later that afternoon the President delivers remarks on the urgent need to pass Wall Street reform at the Oakley-Lindsay Civic Center in Quincy, Illinois.
April 29 – President Obama, Vice President Biden, and the First Lady attend Dorothy Height's funeral at the National Cathedral. President Obama honors the 2010 National Teacher of the Year and the state teachers of the year from across the country at an event in the Rose Garden. Jill Biden and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan join him for the event. The President also attends a private DNC fundraising diner in Washington, D.C.
April 30 – From the Rose Garden President Obama makes a statement on the first quarter 2010 GDP numbers. The President is joined by representatives and workers from two U.S. manufacturers, Itron, a Washington state based manufacturer of smart energy meters, and A123 Systems, a Massachusetts-based advanced battery manufacturer, that are expanding production and hiring as a result of the Recovery Act. The President also travels to the James J. Rowley Training Center in Beltsville, Maryland and observes the Secret Service's training procedures and demonstration activities.
May 1 – President Obama delivers the commencement address at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. That evening the President and First Lady attend the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner, where he delivers remarks.
May 2 – President Obama is in Venice, Louisiana where he remarks on the Times Square Car Bombing Attempt and the BP Oil-Spill.
May 3 – President Obama speaks at the Commander-in-Chief's Trophy Presentation with the Naval Academy in the Rose Garden. The President also hosts a dinner for the Business Council in the State Dining Room.
May 4 – President Obama addresses the annual meeting of the Business Council at the Park Hyatt. The President remarks about the administration's ongoing efforts to spur job creation and the important role the business community plays in efforts to rebuild the economy. The President discusses the urgent need to pass Wall Street reform and address core principles of reform that will protect consumers and put in place clear rules of the road to help prevent another crisis. The President also meets with Elie Wiesel in the private dining room at the White House.
May 5 – President Obama meets with Senator Kyl and Senator Hatch in the Oval Office. The President signs the Caregivers and Veterans Omnibus Health Services Act of 2010, which will improve health care services for veterans and expand caregiver benefits and training. The President also delivers remarks at a Cinco de Mayo reception in the Rose Garden.
May 6 – President Obama meets with his national security team on Afghanistan and Pakistan behind closed doors in the Situation Room.
May 9 – President Obama delivers the commencement address at Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia.
May 10 – Due to the impending retirement of Justice John Paul Stevens, President Obama nominates Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court.
May 12 – President Obama attends a bilateral meeting and joint press conference with President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan.
May 17 – President Obama signs the Daniel Pearl Freedom of the Press Act in the Oval Office. The President then welcomes the NCAA Champion University of Connecticut women's basketball team.
May 22 – President Obama delivers the commencement address at the United States Military Academy at West Point in West Point, New York.
May 24 – The President meets with Prime Minister Saad Hariri of Lebanon at the White House.
May 25 – The President meets with President Giorgio Napolitano of Italy at the White House.
May 27 – President Obama holds a news conference in the East Room to answer questions about the BP Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico oil spill.
June 1 – President Obama meets with President Alan García of Peru.
June 2 – The president and First Lady host a concert honoring Sir Paul McCartney.
June 3 – President Obama delivers remarks to the United States-India Strategic Dialogue at a reception held by Secretary of State Clinton.
June 4 – The president participates in a meeting with Coast Guard Admiral Thad Allen and Louisiana local elected officials at the Louis Armstrong International Airport in Kenner, Louisiana.
June 9 – The president meets with President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority.
June 10 – The President meets with family members of casualties due to the BP Deepwater Horizon explosion.
June 14 – President Obama travels to the Gulf Coast to evaluate efforts to cap the BP oil spill.
June 15 – Speaking from the Oval Office, the President addresses the nation about the BP oil spill.
June 25 – The President travels to Muskoka, Canada for the G8 Summit and participates in various sessions and meetings.
June 26 – The president participates in the G8 Working session in Muskoka and then travels to Toronto, Ontario, Canada for the G20 Summit. The President holds separate bilateral meetings with Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom, President Lee Myung-bak of South Korea, President Hu Jintao of China and attends the G20 Working Dinner.
June 27 – The president has a morning meeting with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia and then attends the G20 Leaders Working Sessions and various plenary sessions. In the late afternoon he meets with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India. In the evening Obama meets with Prime Minister Naoto Kan of Japan.
July 2 – President Obama and Vice President Biden speak at a memorial service for Senator Robert C. Byrd.
July 4 – The First Family holds an Independence Day celebration on the South Lawn of the White House. In attendance are military heroes and their families along with administrative staff and their families.
July 6 – In the fifth meeting between President Obama and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, both agree to encourage direct Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.
July 8 – President Obama travels to Kansas City, Missouri and visits Smith Electric Vehicles plant which received a $32 million Recovery Act Grant to build all-electric trucks.
July 12 – The President hosts President Leonel Fernández of the Dominican Republic for a working meeting at the White House.
July 13 - President Obama released the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, the nation's first comprehensive plan to address the HIV epidemic in the United States and coordinate efforts across the federal government.
July 15 – The President travels to Holland, Michigan and delivers remarks at a groundbreaking ceremony for Compact Power battery plant.
July 21 – President Obama signs the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, considered to be the largest financial system overhaul since the New Deal. The law recognizes complex financial derivatives and protects consumers from unfair practices in loans and credit cards by establishing a new consumer protection agency.
July 28 – President Obama travels to Edison, New Jersey and delivers remarks about the Small Business Jobs Initiative.
July 30 – President Obama travels to the Detroit, Michigan area to promote the government bailout of the auto industry. The President speaks to workers at the Detroit Chrysler plant and workers at the General Motors' Hamtramck auto assembly plant in Hamtramck, Michigan
August 3 – President Obama delivers remarks at George Mason University to mark the implementation of the Post-911 GI bill. In the afternoon the President meets with the Emir of Kuwait Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
August 8 – President Obama's nominee, Elena Kagan, is sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
August 9 – The New Orleans Saints football team visit the White House to be honored for their 2009 Super Bowl Championship.
August 10 – The President receives the credentials of Foreign Ambassadors and marks the beginning of their service in Washington, D.C.
August 11 – After a morning meeting with his national security team on the subject of Iraq, the President delivers remarks and signs the Manufacturing Enhancement Act.
August 13 – President Obama supports an Islamic center near New York's ground zero in a speech at a White House Iftar dinner celebrating the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.
August 31 – New design of the Oval Office is presented to the press. The President announces an end to the combat mission in Iraq with a speech given from the Oval Office.
September 14 – The President delivers his second annual Back-to-School speech.
September 18 – President Obama delivers remarks at the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation annual Phoenix Award Dinner.
September 20 – The President awards Chief Master Sergeant Richard Etchberger, U.S. Air Force, the Medal of Honor for conspicuous gallantry during the Vietnam War.
September 23 – The President travels to New York City and addresses the United Nations General Assembly. The President also has bilateral meetings with Premier Wen Jiabao of China, Prime Minister Naoto Kan of Japan, President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan, President Juan Manuel Santos of Colombia, and President Roza Otunbayeva of Kyrgyzstan.
September 27 – The President signs the Small Business Jobs and Credit Act of 2010 into law.
October 4 – President Obama meets with the Economic Recovery Advisory Board.
October 5 – Along with Jill Biden, the President conducts the first ever White House Summit of Community Colleges. President Obama signs "Rosa's Law" (S.2781) which changes references in many Federal Statutes that refer to mental retardation to refer, instead to, "intellectual disability".
October 6 – The President awards Staff Sergeant Robert J. Miller, U.S. Army, the Medal of Honor for conspicuous gallantry in Afghanistan.
October 8 – President Obama signs the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010.
October 15 – President Obama meets with former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.
October 19 – President Obama signs a White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans in the East Room.
October 22 – President Obama traveled to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he hosted a rally which was organized by Rakitha Hettiarachchi [The Political Campaign Director of Nevada State Democratic Party] to support the reelection of Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. The rally was considered as one of the most successful political rallies in the history of Nevada State politics.
October 25 – The President tours the American Cord and Webbing factory in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and speaks with workers there.
October 31 – President Obama issues a statement honoring former Kennedy aide Ted Sorensen, who died today. The President visits Cleveland, Ohio, stumping for that state's governor, Ted Strickland.
November 2 – President Obama appears on the Ryan Seacrest (and other) radio shows to appeal to young voters to vote on Election Day.
November 3 – President Obama holds a news conference in the White House to acknowledge that he and the Democratic party took a "shellacking" in the mid-term elections.
November 6 – The President and First Lady begin a ten-day trip to Asia to improve export opportunities.
November 14 – President Obama and Mrs. Obama return from their four-nation tour having met with various world leaders, spoke at multiple venues, held news conferences, and attended the G-20 and APEC plenary sessions and ceremonies.
November 16 – President Obama awards U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Salvatore Giunta the Medal of Honor for conspicuous gallantry in the Afghan War.
November 19 – The President arrives in Lisbon, Portugal to attend the Lisbon summit and discuss the Afghanistan situation, NATO and the European Union with European allies. President Obama holds various bilateral meetings with President Aníbal Cavaco Silva and Prime Minister José Sócrates of Portugal, and with President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia.
November 20 – While at the Lisbon summit, President Obama attends various meetings pertaining to Afghanistan and various Russian Council sessions and holds a bilateral meeting with President Karzai of Afghanistan.
November 23 – President Obama and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak agree in a telephone call to hold joint military and training exercises "in the coming days", in response to the Shelling of Yeonpyeong incident.
November 24 – President Obama officially pardons two turkeys, "Apple" and "Cider", during the National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation.
November 26 – President Obama is inadvertently struck in the lip by Reynaldo Decerega's elbow during a game of basketball at Fort McNair; the President receives twelve stitches at the White House Medical Unit to close the wound.
November 29 – President Obama proposes a two-year pay freeze for federal employees.
November 30 – President Obama meets with Congressional leaders of both parties, a meeting that is dubbed the "Slurpee Summit".
December 1 – The President meets over lunch with District of Columbia mayor-elect Vincent Gray at the White House.
December 3 – The President makes an unannounced trip to Afghanistan to speak with that country's president, Hamid Karzai, and to visit with American troops. President Obama grants the first presidential pardons of his administration to nine people.
December 6 – President Obama speaks to Chinese President Hu Jintao, by phone, and urges him to unite with other regional powers and send a clear message to North Korea that its "provocations were unacceptable". The President announces a compromise agreement with Congressional Republicans regarding a tax package that revolves around the question of extending the Bush tax cuts, then begins an effort to convince unhappy Congressional Democrats to accept it.
December 7 – President Obama holds a news conference regarding the tax cut and unemployment benefits compromise.
December 13 – The President signs the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 into law.
December 16 – In an Administrative Assessment of the eight-year Afghanistan war, President Obama hails significant progress but says it remains "a very difficult endeavor".
December 17 – President Obama signs the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 costing $858 billion, the supermajority from extending the Bush tax cuts, raising the exemption threshold of the Alternative Minimum Tax, and reducing the FICA payroll tax.
December 22 – President Obama signs the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 before departing Washington to join his family for his planned 11-day vacation at Plantation Estate in Hawaii.
December 25 – The President and First Lady visit members of the military and their families at Marine Corps Base Hawaii. | 2010 |
32617199 | 2010 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final | 2011-08-02 20:00:29+00:00 | The 2010 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship final featured Dublin and Tyrone. This was Dublin's fourth final and Tyrone's first. On the three previous occasions Dublin had reached the final in 2003, 2004 and 2009, they had finished as runners-up. In 2010 they would win their first title. On their way to the final, Tyrone had knocked out Cork in the quarter-final, interrupting their monopoly of the All-Ireland for one year. However Tyrone proved to be no match for Dublin in the final. At half-time Dublin led by 2–8 to 0–5. With twenty minutes remaining, Dublin led by 16 points and that margin would separate the two teams at the finish. Sinéad Aherne scored 2–7 to claim the Player of the Match award. | 2010 |
28607593 | 2010 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship | 2010-08-28 21:40:14+00:00 | The 2010 All-Ireland Senior Ladies' Football Championship began on 31 July 2010. Dublin were the winners, with a convincing win over Tyrone in the final.
Sixteen teams compete.
The top four teams from 2009 receive byes to the quarter-finals.
The quarter-finalists from 2009 receive byes to the second round.
The other eight teams play in the first round.
All games are knockout matches, drawn games being replayed.
The first-round losers playoff, with one team being relegated to the intermediate championship for 2011. Teams must spend two years as a senior team before they are eligible for relegation; teams that have not done so are exempt from relegation.
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26722282 | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's double sculls | 2010-03-27 15:12:21+00:00 | The Women's double sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 9:00. | 2010 |
26722397 | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's lightweight double sculls | 2010-03-27 15:27:12+00:00 | The Women's lightweight double sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 22 at 10:20. | 2010 |
26722188 | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's lightweight single sculls | 2010-03-27 14:59:36+00:00 | The Women's lightweight single sculls event at the 2010 South American Games was held over March 21 at 10:00. | 2010 |
26722734 | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's pair | 2010-03-27 16:02:07+00:00 | The Women's pair event at the 2010 South American Games was held on March 22 at 11:40. | 2010 |