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Greatest Man (gt) 1991

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/gt

outputs 1 Messages From Heaven 2 Honored Before He Was Born 3 The Preparer of the Way Is Born 4 Pregnant but Not Married 5 Jesus’ Birth​—Where and When? 6 The Child of Promise 7 Jesus and the Astrologers 8 Escape From a Tyrant 9 Jesus’ Early Family Life 10 Trips to Jerusalem 11 John Prepares the Way 12 Jesus’ Baptism 13 Learning From Jesus’ Temptations 14 Jesus’ First Disciples 15 Jesus’ First Miracle 16 Zeal for Jehovah’s Worship 17 Teaching Nicodemus 18 John Decreases, Jesus Increases 19 Teaching a Samaritan Woman 20 Second Miracle While in Cana 21 In Jesus’ Hometown Synagogue 22 Four Disciples Are Called 23 More Miracles in Capernaum 24 Why Jesus Came to Earth 25 Compassion for a Leper 26 Back Home in Capernaum 27 The Calling of Matthew 28 Questioned About Fasting 29 Doing Good Works on the Sabbath 30 Answering His Accusers 31 Plucking Grain on the Sabbath 32 What Is Lawful on the Sabbath? 33 Fulfilling Isaiah’s Prophecy 34 Choosing His Apostles 35 The Most Famous Sermon Ever Given 36 An Army Officer’s Great Faith 37 Jesus Dispels a Widow’s Grief 38 Did John Lack Faith? 39 The Proud and the Lowly 40 A Lesson in Mercy 41 A Center of Controversy 42 Jesus Rebukes the Pharisees 43 Teaching With Illustrations 44 Silencing a Terrifying Storm 45 An Unlikely Disciple 46 She Touched His Garment 47 Tears Turned to Great Ecstasy 48 Leaving Jairus’ Home and Revisiting Nazareth 49 Another Preaching Tour of Galilee 50 Preparation to Face Persecution 51 Murder During a Birthday Party 52 Jesus Miraculously Feeds Thousands 53 A Desired Superhuman Ruler 54 “True Bread From Heaven” 55 Many Disciples Quit Following Jesus 56 What Defiles a Man? 57 Compassion for the Afflicted 58 The Loaves and the Leaven 59 Who Really Is Jesus? 60 A Preview of Christ’s Kingdom Glory 61 Possessed Boy Healed 62 A Lesson in Humility 63 Further Corrective Counsel 64 A Lesson in Forgiveness 65 A Secret Trip to Jerusalem 66 At the Festival of Tabernacles 67 They Fail to Arrest Him 68 Further Teaching on the Seventh Day 69 The Question of Fatherhood 70 Healing a Man Born Blind 71 Pharisees’ Willful Unbelief 72 Jesus Sends Out the 70 73 A Neighborly Samaritan 74 Counsel to Martha, and Instruction on Prayer 75 The Source of Happiness 76 Dining With a Pharisee 77 The Question of Inheritance 78 Keep Ready! 79 A Nation Lost, but Not All 80 The Sheepfolds and the Shepherd 81 Further Attempts to Kill Jesus 82 Jesus Again Heads for Jerusalem 83 Entertained by a Pharisee 84 The Responsibility of Discipleship 85 Searching for the Lost 86 The Story of a Lost Son 87 Provide for the Future With Practical Wisdom 88 The Rich Man and Lazarus 89 A Mission of Mercy Into Judea 90 The Resurrection Hope 91 When Lazarus Is Resurrected 92 Ten Lepers Healed During Jesus’ Final Trip to Jerusalem 93 When the Son of Man Is Revealed 94 The Need for Prayer and for Humility 95 Lessons on Divorce and on Love for Children 96 Jesus and a Rich Young Ruler 97 Workers in the Vineyard 98 The Disciples Argue as Jesus’ Death Nears 99 Jesus Teaches at Jericho 100 The Illustration of the Minas 101 At Bethany, in the House of Simon 102 Christ’s Triumphal Entry Into Jerusalem 103 Visiting the Temple Again 104 God’s Voice Heard a Third Time 105 Beginning of a Crucial Day 106 Exposed by Vineyard Illustrations 107 Illustration of the Marriage Feast 108 They Fail to Entrap Jesus 109 Jesus Denounces His Opposers 110 Ministry at the Temple Completed 111 Sign of the Last Days 112 Jesus’ Final Passover Is At Hand 113 Humility at the Last Passover 114 The Memorial Supper 115 An Argument Erupts 116 Preparing the Apostles for His Departure 117 Agony in the Garden 118 Betrayal and Arrest 119 Taken to Annas, Then to Caiaphas 120 Denials in the Courtyard 121 Before the Sanhedrin, Then to Pilate 122 From Pilate to Herod and Back Again 123 “Look! The Man!” 124 Handed Over and Led Away 125 Agony on the Stake 126 “Certainly This Was God’s Son” 127 Buried Friday​—An Empty Tomb Sunday 128 Jesus Is Alive! 129 Further Appearances 130 At the Sea of Galilee 131 Final Appearances, and Pentecost 33 C.E. 132 At God’s Right Hand 133 Jesus Finishes All God Asks

Divine Name (na) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/divine-name-na

God’s Name​—Its Meaning and Pronunciation ONE of the Bible writers asked: “Who has gathered the wind in the hollow of both hands? Who has wrapped up the waters in a mantle? Who has made all the ends of the earth to rise? What is his name and what the name of his son, in case you know?” (Proverbs 30:4) How can we find out what God’s name is? That is an important question. The creation is a powerful proof that God must exist, but it does not tell us his name. (Romans 1:20) In fact, we could never know God’s name unless the Creator himself told us. And he has done that in his own Book, the Holy Bible. On one celebrated occasion, God pronounced his own name, repeating it in the hearing of Moses. Moses wrote an account of that event that has been preserved in the Bible down to our day. (Exodus 34:5) God even wrote his name with his own “finger.” When he had given Moses what we today call the Ten Commandments, God miraculously wrote them down. The record says: “Now as soon as [God] had finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai he proceeded to give Moses two tablets of the Testimony, tablets of stone written on by God’s finger.” (Exodus 31:18) God’s name appears eight times in the original Ten Commandments. (Exodus 20:1-17) Thus God himself has revealed his name to man both verbally and in writing. So, what is that name? In the Hebrew language it is written יהוה. These four letters, called the Tetragrammaton, are read from right to left in Hebrew and can be represented in many modern languages as YHWH or JHVH. God’s name, represented by these four consonants, appears almost 7,000 times in the original “Old Testament,” or Hebrew Scriptures. The name is a form of a Hebrew verb ha·wahʹ (הוה), meaning “to become,” and actually signifies “He Causes to Become.”a Thus, God’s name identifies him as the One who progressively fulfills his promises and unfailingly realizes his purposes. Only the true God could bear such a meaningful name. Do you remember the different ways that God’s name appeared in Psalm 83:18, as set out in the previous section (page 5)? Two of those translations had mere inputs (“the LORD,” the “Eternal”) as substitutes for God’s name. But in two of them, Yahweh and Jehovah, you can see the four letters of God’s name. However, the pronunciation is different. Why? How Is God’s Name Pronounced? The truth is, nobody knows for sure how the name of God was originally pronounced. Why not? Well, the first language used in writing the Bible was Hebrew, and when the Hebrew language was written down, the writers wrote only consonants​—not vowels. Hence, when the inspired writers wrote God’s name, they naturally did the same thing and wrote only the consonants. While ancient Hebrew was an everyday spoken language, this presented no problem. The pronunciation of the Name was familiar to the Israelites and when they saw it in writing they supplied the vowels without thinking (just as, for an English reader, the abbreviation “Ltd.” represents “Limited” and “bldg.” represents “building”). Two things happened to change this situation. First, a superstitious idea arose among the Jews that it was wrong to say the divine name out loud; so when they came to it in their Bible reading they uttered the Hebrew word ’Adho·naiʹ (“Sovereign Lord”). Further, as time went by, the ancient Hebrew language itself ceased to be spoken in everyday conversation, and in this way the original Hebrew pronunciation of God’s name was eventually forgotten. In order to ensure that the pronunciation of the Hebrew language as a whole would not be lost, Jewish scholars of the second half of the first millennium C.E. invented a system of points to represent the missing vowels, and they placed these around the consonants in the Hebrew Bible. Thus, both vowels and consonants were written down, and the pronunciation as it was at that time was preserved. When it came to God’s name, instead of putting the proper vowel signs around it, in most cases they put other vowel signs to remind the reader that he should say ’Adho·naiʹ. From this came the spelling Iehouah, and, eventually, Jehovah became the accepted pronunciation of the divine name in English. This retains the essential elements of God’s name from the Hebrew original. Which Pronunciation Will You Use? Where, though, did pronunciations like Yahweh come from? These are forms that have been suggested by modern scholars trying to deduce the original pronunciation of God’s name. Some​—though not all—​feel that the Israelites before the time of Jesus probably pronounced God’s name Yahweh. But no one can be sure. Perhaps they pronounced it that way, perhaps not. Nevertheless, many prefer the pronunciation Jehovah. Why? Because it has a currency and familiarity that Yahweh does not have. Would it not, though, be better to use the form that might be closer to the original pronunciation? Not really, for that is not the custom with Bible names. To take the most prominent example, consider the name of Jesus. Do you know how Jesus’ family and friends addressed him in day-to-day conversation while he was growing up in Nazareth? The truth is, no human knows for certain, although it may have been something like Yeshua (or perhaps Yehoshua). It certainly was not Jesus. However, when the accounts of his life were written in the Greek language, the inspired writers did not try to preserve that original Hebrew pronunciation. Rather, they rendered the name in Greek, I·e·sousʹ. Today, it is rendered differently according to the language of the reader of the Bible. Spanish Bible readers encounter Jesús (pronounced Hes·soosʹ). Italians spell it Gesù (pronounced Djay·zooʹ). And Germans spell it Jesus (pronounced Yayʹsoos). Must we stop using the name of Jesus because most of us, or even all of us, do not really know its original pronunciation? So far, no translator has suggested this. We like to use the name, for it identifies the beloved Son of God, Jesus Christ, who gave his lifeblood for us. Would it be showing honor to Jesus to remove all mention of his name in the Bible and replace it with a mere input like “Teacher,” or “Mediator”? Of course not! We can relate to Jesus when we use his name the way it is commonly pronounced in our language. Similar comments could be made regarding all the names we read in the Bible. We pronounce them in our own language and do not try to imitate the original pronunciation. Thus we say “Jeremiah,” not Yir·meyaʹhu. Similarly we say Isaiah, although in his own day this prophet likely was known as Yeshaʽ·yaʹhu. Even scholars who are aware of the original pronunciation of these names use the modern pronunciation, not the ancient, when speaking about them. And the same is true with the name Jehovah. Even though the modern pronunciation Jehovah might not be exactly the way it was pronounced originally, this in no way detracts from the importance of the name. It identifies the Creator, the living God, the Most High to whom Jesus said: “Our Father in the heavens, let your name be sanctified.”​—Matthew 6:9. ‘It Cannot Be Supplanted’ While many translators favor the pronunciation Yahweh, the New World Translation and also a number of other translations continue the use of the form Jehovah because of people’s familiarity with it for centuries. Moreover, it preserves, equally with other forms, the four letters of the Tetragrammaton, YHWH or JHVH.b Earlier, the German professor Gustav Friedrich Oehler made a similar decision for much the same reason. He discussed various pronunciations and concluded: “From this point onward I use the word Jehovah, because, as a matter of fact, this name has now become more naturalized in our vocabulary, and cannot be supplanted.”​—Theologie des Alten Testaments (Theology of the Old Testament), second edition, published in 1882, page 143. Similarly, in his Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique (Grammar of Biblical Hebrew), 1923 edition, in a footnote on page 49, Jesuit scholar Paul Joüon states: “In our translations, instead of the (hypothetical) form Yahweh, we have used the form Jéhovah . . . which is the conventional literary form used in French.” In many other languages Bible translators use a similar form, as indicated in the box on page 8. Is it, then, wrong to use a form like Yahweh? Not at all. It is just that the form Jehovah is likely to meet with a quicker response from the reader because it is the form that has been “naturalized” into most languages. The important thing is that we use the name and declare it to others. “Give thanks to Jehovah, you people! Call upon his name. Make known among the peoples his dealings. Make mention that his name is put on high.”​—Isaiah 12:4. Let us see how God’s servants have acted in harmony with that command through the centuries. [Footnotes] a See Appendix 1A in the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, 1984 edition. b See Appendix 1A in the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, 1984 edition. [Box on page 7] Different scholars have different ideas about how the name YHWH was originally pronounced. In The Mysterious Name of Y.H.W.H., page 74, Dr. M. Reisel said that the “vocalisation of the Tetragrammaton must originally have been YeHūàH or YaHūàH.” Canon D. D. Williams of Cambridge held that the “evidence indicates, nay almost proves, that Jāhwéh was not the true pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton . . . The Name itself was probably JĀHÔH.”​—Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (Periodical for Old Testament Knowledge), 1936, Volume 54, page 269. In the glossary of the French Revised Segond Version, page 9, the following comment is made: “The pronunciation Yahvé used in some recent translations is based on a few ancient witnesses, but they are not conclusive. If one takes into account personal names that include the divine name, such as the Hebrew name of the prophet Elijah (Eliyahou) the pronunciation might just as well be Yaho or Yahou.” In 1749 the German Bible scholar Teller told of some different pronunciations of God’s name he had read: “Diodorus from Sicily, Macrobius, Clemens Alexandrinus, Saint Jerome and Origenes wrote Jao; the Samaritans, Epiphanius, Theodoretus, Jahe, or Jave; Ludwig Cappel reads Javoh; Drusius, Jahve; Hottinger, Jehva; Mercerus, Jehovah; Castellio, Jovah; and le Clerc, Jawoh, or Javoh.” Thus it is evident that the original pronunciation of God’s name is no longer known. Nor is it really important. If it were, then God himself would have made sure that it was preserved for us to use. The important thing is to use God’s name according to its conventional pronunciation in our own language. [Box on page 8] Forms of the divine name in different languages, indicating international acceptance of the form Jehovah Awabakal - Yehóa Bugotu - Jihova Cantonese - Yehwowah Danish - Jehova Dutch - Jehovah Efik - Jehovah English - Jehovah Fijian - Jiova Finnish - Jehova French - Jéhovah Futuna - Ihova German - Jehova Hungarian - Jehova Igbo - Jehova Italian - Geova Japanese - Ehoba Maori - Ihowa Motu - Iehova Mwala-Malu - Jihova Narrinyeri - Jehovah Nembe - Jihova Petats - Jihouva Polish - Jehowa Portuguese - Jeová Romanian - Iehova Samoan - Ieova Sotho - Jehova Spanish - Jehová Swahili - Yehova Swedish - Jehova Tahitian - Iehova Tagalog - Jehova Tongan - Jihova Venda - Yehova Xhosa - uYehova Yoruba - Jehofah Zulu - uJehova [Box on page 11] “Jehovah” has become widely known as the name of God even in non-Biblical contexts. Franz Schubert composed the music for the lyric eninputd “The Almightiness,” written by Johann Ladislav Pyrker, in which the name Jehovah appears twice. It is also used at the end of the last scene of Verdi’s opera “Nabucco.” Additionally, French composer Arthur Honegger’s oratorio “King David” gives prominence to the name Jehovah, and renowned French author Victor Hugo used it in over 30 of his works. Both he and Lamartine wrote poems eninputd “Jehovah.” In the book Deutsche Taler (The German Taler), published in 1967 by Germany’s Federal Bank, there is a picture of what is one of the oldest coins bearing the name “Jehovah,” a 1634 Reichstaler from the Duchy of Silesia. Regarding the picture on the coin’s reverse side, it says: “Under the radiant name JEHOVAH, rising up out of the midst of clouds, is a crowned shield with the Silesian coat of arms.” In a museum in Rudolstadt, East Germany, you can see on the collar of the suit of armor once worn by Gustavus II Adolph, a 17th-century king of Sweden, the name JEHOVAH in capital letters. Thus, for centuries the form Jehovah has been the internationally recognized way to pronounce God’s name, and people who hear it instantly recognize who is being spoken about. As Professor Oehler said, “This name has now become more naturalized in our vocabulary, and cannot be supplanted.”​—Theologie des Alten Testaments (Theology of the Old Testament). [Picture on page 6] Detail of an angel with God’s name, found on the tomb of Pope Clement XIII in St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican [Picture on page 7] Many coins were minted bearing God’s name. This one, dated 1661, is from Nuremberg, Germany. The Latin text reads: “Under the shadow of your wings” [Pictures on page 9] In times past, God’s name in the form of the Tetragrammaton was made part of the decoration of many religious buildings Fourvière Catholic Basilica, Lyons, France Bourges Cathedral, France Church in La Celle Dunoise, France Church in Digne, southern France Church in São Paulo, Brazil Strasbourg Cathedral, France Saint Mark’s Cathedral, Venice, Italy [Pictures on page 10] Jehovah’s name as it appears in a monastery in Bordesholm, Germany; on a German coin dated 1635; over a church door in Fehmarn, Germany; and on an 1845 gravestone in Harmannschlag, Lower Austria

Proclaimers (jv) 1993

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/jv

Section 1 “You Are My Witnesses,” Says Jehovah Why would Jehovah have witnesses? Who are they? This section (Chapters 1 to 9) provides a concise review of Jehovah’s use of witnesses from ancient times right down to our day. Each succeeding section contains an in-depth discussion on a specific aspect of that history. [Full-page picture on page 8]

Young People Ask, Volume 1 (yp1) 2011

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp1

CHAPTER 32 How Can I Protect Myself From Sexual Predators? Each year, millions of people are raped or otherwise sexually abused, and research shows that young people are a prime target. For example, it’s estimated that in the United States, about half of all rape victims are under 18 years of age. Because of the prevalence of abuse, it is vital that you consider this topic. “He grabbed me and threw me down before I knew what was happening. I tried everything I could to fight him off. I pulled out a can of pepper spray, but he knocked it away. I tried to scream, but only air escaped my lungs. I pushed, kicked, punched, and scratched. And that’s when I felt a knife pierce my skin. I went completely limp.”​—Annette. SEXUAL predators run rampant today, and young people are often the target of their attack. Some youths, like Annette, are assaulted by a stranger. Others are attacked by a neighbor. Such was the case with Natalie, who at just 10 years of age was sexually abused by a teenager who lived near her home. “I was so scared and ashamed that at first I didn’t tell anyone,” she says. Many youths have been molested by a family member. “Between the ages of 5 and 12, I was sexually abused by my father,” says a woman named Carmen. “I finally confronted him about it when I was 20. He said he was sorry, but a few months later, he kicked me out of the house.” Sexual abuse at the hands of a neighbor, friend, or family member is disturbingly common today.a But the exploitation of young people is nothing new. Such deplorable conduct took place even in the days when the Bible was written. (Joel 3:3; Matthew 2:16) Today we live in critical times. Many people lack “natural affection,” and it’s common for girls (and even boys) to be taken advantage of sexually. (2 Timothy 3:1-3) While no precaution guarantees your safety, there is much you can do to protect yourself. Consider the following tips: Be alert. As you walk outdoors, know what is happening ahead of you, behind you, and on both sides. Some areas are known to be dangerous, especially at night. To the extent possible, either avoid those areas or at least make sure you’re not alone.​—Proverbs 27:12. Don’t send mixed messages. Avoid flirting or dressing provocatively. Such actions may send the message that you’re interested in getting physical​—or at least that you wouldn’t object to it.​—1 Timothy 2:9, 10. Talk about boundaries. If you’re dating, discuss with the other person what conduct is and is not appropriate.b Once you have set boundaries, do not put yourself in compromising situations in which you could be abused.​—Proverbs 13:10. Be willing to speak up. There’s nothing wrong with firmly stating, “Don’t do that!” or “Take your hand off me!” Don’t hold back out of fear that you’ll lose your boyfriend. If he breaks up with you over this issue, he’s not worth keeping! After all, you deserve a real man, one who respects your body and your principles.c Be cautious while online. Never give out personal information or post photos that identify your whereabouts.d If you receive a sexually explicit message, usually the best reply is no reply. A wall of silence renders most online predators powerless. The preceding steps can make you less vulnerable to attack. (Proverbs 22:3) Realistically, though, you may not always be in full control of your circumstances. For instance, you might not always be able to have a traveling companion or to avoid dangerous areas. You may even live in a dangerous area. Perhaps you know through bitter experience that bad things can happen despite your efforts to avoid trouble. Like Annette, quoted at the outset, you may have been caught unawares and been overpowered. Or like Carmen, you may have been victimized as a child and, as such, were powerless to control the situation​—or even to understand fully what was happening. How can you deal with the guilt that often torments those who have been sexually abused? Coping With Guilt Annette still struggles with guilt over what occurred. “I’m my own worst enemy,” she says. “I keep playing that night over and over again in my head. I feel as though I should have tried harder to fight him off. The fact is, after being stabbed, I was paralyzed with fear. I couldn’t do anything more, but I feel that I should have.” Natalie also struggles with guilt. “I shouldn’t have been so trusting,” she says. “My parents had a rule that my sister and I had to stay together when we played outside, but I didn’t listen. So I feel I gave my neighbor the opportunity to hurt me. What happened affected my family, and I feel responsible for causing them so much pain. I struggle with that the most.” If your feelings are similar to those of Annette or Natalie, how can you cope with guilt? First, try to keep foremost in mind that if you were raped, you were not a willing participant. Some people trivialize the issue, using the excuse that “boys will be boys” and that victims of rape were asking for it. But no one deserves to be raped. If you were the victim of such a heinous act, you are not to blame! Of course, reading the statement “you are not to blame” is easy; believing it may be much more difficult. Some keep what happened bottled up inside and are racked with guilt and other negative emotions. However, who is best served by silence​—you or the abuser? You owe it to yourself to consider another option. Telling Your Story The Bible tells us that in the height of his personal turmoil, the righteous man Job said: “I will give vent to my concern about myself. I will speak in the bitterness of my soul!” (Job 10:1) You will benefit from doing the same. Talking to a trusted confidant about what happened can in time help you to come to terms with the rape and gain relief from your distressing emotions. In fact, if you are a Christian, it is important that you speak to a congregation elder about what happened. The comforting words of a loving shepherd can assure you that as a victim of rape, you have not been defiled by someone else’s sin. That’s what Annette found. She says: “I talked to a close friend, and she urged me to speak with a couple of Christian elders in my congregation. I’m glad I did. They sat down with me on several occasions and told me exactly what I needed to hear​—that what happened was not my fault. None of it was my fault.” Talking about what happened and expressing your feelings can keep you from becoming consumed with anger and resentment. (Psalm 37:8) It may also help you to gain relief, perhaps for the first time in years. After she told her parents about the abuse, Natalie found that to be true. “They supported me,” she says. “They encouraged me to talk about it, and that helped me not to be so sad and angry inside.” Natalie also found comfort in prayer. “Talking to God helped me,” she says, “especially at those times when I felt that I couldn’t open up to another human. When I pray, I can speak freely. It gives me a real sense of peace and calm.”e You too can find that there is “a time to heal.” (Ecclesiastes 3:3) Rely on supportive friends who are like the elders described as being similar to “a hiding place from the wind and a place of concealment from the rainstorm.” (Isaiah 32:2) Take care of yourself physically and emotionally. Get needed rest. And most of all, rely on the God of all comfort, Jehovah, who will soon bring about a new world in which “evildoers themselves will be cut off, but those hoping in Jehovah are the ones that will possess the earth.”​—Psalm 37:9. [Footnotes] a Some cases involve date rape, in which a girl is either forced to have sex or is drugged into compliance. b For more information, see Volume 2, Chapter 4. c Of course, that advice also applies if a girl pressures a boy for sex. d For more information, see Volume 2, Chapter 11. e Sometimes victims of abuse are subject to severe depression. In such a case, it might be wise to consult a physician. For more information on coping with distressing feelings, see Chapters 13 and 14 of this book. KEY SCRIPTURE “In the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here. For men will be lovers of themselves, . . . having no natural affection, . . . without self-control, fierce, without love of goodness.”​—2 Timothy 3:1-3. TIP If you have been the victim of sexual abuse, keep a list of scriptures that can comfort you. These might include Psalm 37:28; 46:1; 118:5-9; Proverbs 17:17; and Philippians 4:6, 7. DID YOU KNOW . . . ? In the United States, more than 90 percent of juvenile victims of sexual assault know their attacker. ACTION PLAN! When I feel guilty about what happened, I will ․․․․․ What I would like to ask my parent(s) about this subject is ․․․․․ WHAT DO YOU THINK? ● What are the benefits of speaking up about abuse? ● What could happen​—to you and to others—​if you keep silent? [Blurb on page 232] “It’s very hard to speak up about the abuse, but it’s the best thing you can do. Speaking up helps you to let go of your sadness and anger and to regain your power.”​—Natalie [Box on page 230] “If You Love Me . . . ” One type of sexual predator doesn’t force himself on girls but cleverly plays on their emotions. How? By saying such things as, “Everyone else has sex,” “No one will ever find out,” or, as mentioned in Chapter 24 of this book, “If you love me, you’ll do this.” Don’t be conned by a boy who tries to make you believe that sex equals love. The fact is, anyone who thinks that way is only looking out for his own gratification. He is not thinking of you or your welfare. In contrast, a real man will put your interests above his own and will show that he has the strength to uphold God’s moral standards. (1 Corinthians 10:24) A real man won’t treat girls as sex objects. Instead, he will view “younger women as sisters with all chasteness.”​—1 Timothy 5:1, 2. [Picture on page 233] The feelings left by abuse might be too heavy for you to carry by yourself. Why not get help by talking to someone?

BIBLE VERSES EXPLAINED Philippians 4:13—“I Can Do All Things Through Christ”

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502300122

BIBLE VERSES EXPLAINED Philippians 4:13—“I Can Do All Things Through Christ” “For all things I have the strength through the one who gives me power.”—Philippians 4:13, New World Translation. “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.”—Philippians 4:13, New King James Version. Meaning of Philippians 4:13 These words, written by the apostle Paul, assure those who worship God that they will receive power to accomplish His will. Some Bible translations say that Christ is the one who supplied Paul with power. However, the word “Christ” does not appear here in the oldest Greek manuscripts. Therefore, many modern translations use wording such as “the one who gives me power” (New World Translation), “him who gives me strength” (New International Version), and “him who is the source of my strength” (New American Bible). So whom did Paul have in mind? The context suggests that Paul was referring to God. (Philippians 4:6, 7, 10) Earlier in this same letter, Paul wrote to the Philippians: “God is the one who . . . energizes you, giving you . . . the power to act.” (Philippians 2:13) And at 2 Corinthians 4:7, he wrote that it was God who gave him the power to accomplish his ministry. (Compare 2 Timothy 1:8.) Thus, there are good reasons to conclude that Paul was referring to God as “the one who gives me power.” What did Paul mean when he wrote that he would receive strength “for all things”? The things Paul referred to were apparently the various circumstances he faced when doing God’s will. Whether he had a lot or a little materially, he relied on God to sustain him. Paul thus learned to be output regardless of his circumstances.—2 Corinthians 11:23-27; Philippians 4:11. Paul’s words can reassure God’s worshippers today. God will supply them with the strength they need to endure trials and to do his will. God can empower them by means of his holy spirit, or active force, as well as by means of fellow worshippers and his Word, the Bible.—Luke 11:13; Acts 14:21, 22; Hebrews 4:12. Context of Philippians 4:13 These words are part of the conclusion of Paul’s letter to the Christians in Philippi. He wrote this letter about 60-61 C.E., during his first imprisonment in Rome. For an unspecified period of time, the Philippian Christians had been unable to support the apostle Paul materially. Now, though, they were sending gifts to Paul to help fill his needs.—Philippians 4:10, 14. Paul warmly commended the Philippian Christians for their generosity and reassured them that he had what he needed. (Philippians 4:18) He also seized the opportunity to share a secret of Christian living with them: All Christians, whether rich or poor, can find true outputment if they rely on God’s help.—Philippians 4:12. Read Philippians chapter 4 along with explanatory footnotes and cross-references.

Examining the Scriptures—2021 2020

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/examining-the-scriptures/examining-the-scriptures-2021

Our Christian Life and Ministry Bible Reading Schedule for 2021 January 4 Leviticus 18-19 11 Leviticus 20-21 18 Leviticus 22-23 25 Leviticus 24-25 February 1 Leviticus 26-27 8 Numbers 1-2 15 Numbers 3-4 22 Numbers 5-6 March 1 Numbers 7-8 8 Numbers 9-10 15 Numbers 11-12 22 Numbers 13-14 29 Numbers 15-16 April 5 Numbers 17-19 12 Numbers 20-21 19 Numbers 22-24 26 Numbers 25-26 May 3 Numbers 27-29 10 Numbers 30-31 17 Numbers 32-33 24 Numbers 34-36 31 Deuteronomy 1-2 June 7 Deuteronomy 3-4 14 Deuteronomy 5-6 21 Deuteronomy 7-8 28 Deuteronomy 9-10 July 5 Deuteronomy 11-12 12 Deuteronomy 13-15 19 Deuteronomy 16-18 26 Deuteronomy 19-21 August 2 Deuteronomy 22-23 9 Deuteronomy 24-26 16 Deuteronomy 27-28 23 Deuteronomy 29-30 30 Deuteronomy 31-32 September 6 Deuteronomy 33-34 13 Joshua 1-2 20 Joshua 3-5 27 Joshua 6-7 October 4 Joshua 8-9 11 Joshua 10-11 18 Joshua 12-14 25 Joshua 15-17 November 1 Joshua 18-19 8 Joshua 20-22 15 Joshua 23-24 22 Judges 1-3 29 Judges 4-5 December 6 Judges 6-7 13 Judges 8-9 20 Judges 10-12 27 Judges 13-14

Things Hurricane Andrew Could Not Destroy

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101993004

Things Hurricane Andrew Could Not Destroy THERE are hurricanes, and then there are hurricanes.a Some are little more than strong winds, bringing heavy rain and uprooting trees. Then there was Hurricane Andrew in south Florida (August 24, 1992) and Louisiana (August 26, 1992), Hurricane Iniki in Kauai, Hawaii (September 12, 1992), and Typhoon Omar in Guam (August 28, 1992). These wrought devastation that ran into the billions of dollars. Dozens of people perished in Florida. Thousands of families were left homeless. Insurance agents were scurrying around ruined homes looking for owners and writing checks. A report from the Fort Lauderdale Relief Committee of Jehovah’s Witnesses said that 518 of the 1,033 homes of Jehovah’s Witnesses in the region could be repaired. Applied in general, that would mean that at least 50 percent of all homes in Andrew’s path were destroyed. Afterward, those fortunate enough to have a home still fit for habitation were trying to dry out their furniture and drapes and clean out the white slime created by ceilings that fell under the deluge of rain that came through damaged roofs. Many could hardly face looking at the ruins of their homes. Those who perhaps fared worst were the ones living in less sturdy mobile homes or trailers. Hurricane Andrew Spared No One One such couple was Leonard and Terry Kieffer. When they went to revisit their mobile home park in Florida City, they had to identify themselves at a military checkpoint in order to enter the area. What they saw was a mobile home park that looked as if it had been hit by hundreds of high-explosive bombs​—without leaving any craters. Trees were uprooted. Sheets of mangled aluminum, formerly the walls and roofs of homes, were wrapped around trees and hanging from limbs like some kind of grotesquely festive trimmings. Power lines were down everywhere, the wooden poles snapped like matchsticks. Cars were overturned and smashed. Bob van Dyk, whose new home was declared unfit for habitation, described the scene in his house: “The ceiling came crashing down, smashing the smashable, bending the bendable and scaring us, the scareable.” Personal belongings, toys, clothing, photos, books, lay around as sad reminders of a former life-style. A lonely black cat wandered aimlessly through the rubble. It stared back at the Kieffers quizzically. Little lizards scurried over what had previously been someone’s precious possessions. The stench of rotting food, spilled from broken refrigerators, hung in the air. In every direction was a scene of violent destruction​—all caused by winds, powerful winds, gusting to over 160 miles per hour [260 km/​hr]. It was heartrending for the owners and occupants of these homes. After many years of raising a family and sharing their lives in their own special nests, they came back after the storm to find everything smashed and scattered. The Kieffers had salvaged some of their belongings on a prior visit, but it was too traumatic for them to pick through the domestic rubble that was left. However, they appreciated that they were still alive and able to serve God. Hurricane Andrew spared nothing. Shopping malls, factories, warehouses​—all became the target of nature’s onslaught. Puny man’s building codes did not stand the test. The Best and the Worst of Human Nature Help began to pour into Florida from all over the country as different relief agencies got organized. The Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Brooklyn, New York, reacted at once and appointed a relief committee to function out of the Fort Lauderdale Assembly Hall. They also assigned a considerable sum of money for the purchase of materials, food, and emergency items. As a consequence, the Witnesses were among the first to react to the situation and began calling for volunteers. In fact, many came without being called. Witness workers turned up from California, North Carolina, Oregon, Washington State, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and many other places. A Virginia Regional Building Committee that usually builds Kingdom Halls sent a group of 18 Witnesses to repair roofs. It took them 18 hours to drive down. Relief workers took vacation time or leaves of absence and drove across the country, hundreds and even thousands of miles, to reach their fellow Witnesses in distress. Of invaluable aid was the group that came from the Charleston area in South Carolina. They had had experience with Hurricane Hugo back in 1989. They knew what to expect and soon organized relief supplies, including electric generators and building materials. Within two weeks volunteer crews had dried out some 800 homes and had repaired many roofs. Many non-Witness spouses and neighbors benefited from the help offered by teams of Witness repairmen. Ron Clarke from West Homestead reported: “Unbelieving mates have really been impressed with all of this. They have been in tears, overwhelmed at what the Witnesses have already done for them.” About the unbelieving husband of one Witness, he added: “He is just ecstatic​—Witnesses are over there now putting on his roof for him.” Another Witness told of his non-Witness neighbors whom he checked on each night. They said they were OK. On the fifth day, the wife broke down and wept. “We don’t have any diapers for the baby. We’re low on baby food. We don’t have enough food and water.” The husband needed five gallons [20 L] of gasoline but could not get it anywhere. That same day, the Witness brought all they needed from the Kingdom Hall relief depot. The wife cried with gratitude. The husband gave a donation toward the relief work. A critical role was played by the congregation elders and ministerial servants who worked together in organizing relief at the different restored Kingdom Halls in the disaster zone. They worked tirelessly to track down all the Witnesses and to check out their needs. In contrast, an Air Force officer was quoted as saying about the relief effort in another area: “All the chiefs just want to be chiefs, but nobody wants to get down and actually do the dirty work.” Disasters can bring out the best and the worst in people. An example of the latter was the looting. One family of Witnesses decided they could at least save their refrigerator and the washing machine for use at the relief center at the local Kingdom Hall. They went to the hall to get a truck. Before they got back, looters had stolen both items! An eyewitness reported: “As we traveled through the desolated streets, we saw homes with signs warning looters to keep away. Some of the signs said, ‘Looters Must Die’ and, ‘Looters Will Be Shot.’ Another said, ‘Two looters shot. One dead.’ Stores and malls had been plundered.” According to a sergeant in the 82nd Airborne Division, at least one looter had been caught and lynched by the people. Many arrests were made. It seems that in any disaster the criminal element is ready to swoop down like vultures. And even so-called ordinary people get swept up in looting. Religion, ethics, and morals seem to evaporate under the temptation of something for nothing. Awake! was told that in the beginning a few soldiers even had their unloaded rifles stolen from them by armed looters. Some soldiers were heard to say that they viewed the Kingdom Hall relief center as an oasis in the desert “because,” as they said, “you people don’t carry guns.” “Don’t Sit Around and Mope” What have Jehovah’s Witnesses learned from their experiences with natural disaster? Renew spiritual activities as soon as possible. Ed Rumsey, an overseer in Homestead, told Awake! that one double Kingdom Hall was ready for meetings on the Wednesday following the Monday hurricane. Some of the roofing had gone, the ceilings had collapsed, and water had entered. The volunteers worked quickly to get the Kingdom Halls back in shape for meetings and to use them as command stations from which to direct the relief work in their devastated area. Kitchens were set up so that meals could be served to the victims and the relief workers. Fermín Pastrana, an elder from the Princeton Spanish Congregation, reported that seven families in his congregation of 80 Witnesses had lost their homes entirely. What remedy had he suggested to his fellow Witnesses? “Grieve if you need to grieve. But then don’t sit around and mope. Get active helping others, and, to the degree possible, go out in the ministry. Don’t miss our Christian meetings. Solve what can be solved, but don’t fret about what has no solution.” As a result, Witnesses were soon preaching and taking relief boxes from house to house. Andrew had not blown away their zeal. ‘The Next Time We Will Evacuate!’ Sharon Castro, a 37-year-old woman from Cutler Ridge told Awake! her story: “My father decided not to evacuate. He felt that since the last hurricane had turned away from hitting the Florida coast, Andrew would do the same. He was not even going to board up the windows. Fortunately, my brother came around and insisted on covering the windows with plywood. Without a doubt his action saved our lives. Our windows would have been shattered, and we would have been cut to pieces. “At about 4:30 a.m., the electricity went out. The noises outside were terrifying. It was like the sound of a huge railway train. There was cracking as trees and buildings snapped and broke. We found out later that a frightening squeaking sound was the noise of the long nails in our roof working themselves loose. The attic blew off, and one third of the roof went. We ended up, 12 of us, including my invalid mother and my 90-year-old grandmother, having to shelter in a middle room with no windows. We felt sure we were going to die there.” What lesson did she learn from the experience? “The next time they tell us to evacuate, we will evacuate​—no questions asked. We will pay attention to warnings. I have also learned to share and to live on very little. And I know it is OK to cry, to grieve, and then face up to reality.” Reactions of the Press Even the media noted how well the Witnesses were organized. The Savannah Evening Press carried the headline “Jehovah’s Witnesses Find They Are Welcome in South Florida,” and The Miami Herald declared: “Witnesses Care for Their Own​—and Others.” It stated: “No one in Homestead is slamming doors on the Jehovah’s Witnesses this week​—even if they still have doors to slam. About 3,000 Witness volunteers from across the country have converged on the disaster area, first to help their own, then to help others. . . . Any military organization might envy the Witnesses’ precision, discipline and efficiency.” The Witnesses are used to organizing mass-feeding operations at their assemblies and conventions. Furthermore, they have organized hundreds of Regional Building Committees all over the world to construct Kingdom Halls and large Assembly Halls. Thus, they have trained manpower ready to respond on a few hours’ notice. However, there is another factor​—their attitude. The same report continued: “There’s no bureaucracy. There are no battling egos. Instead, workers seem impossibly cheerful and cooperative no matter how hot, grimy or exhausted.” How was that explained? One Witness answered: “This comes from a relationship with God that motivates us to demonstrate our love for others.” That was something else that Andrew could not take away, the Witnesses’ Christian love.​—John 13:34, 35. An interesting comparison is that the Witnesses seemed to have learned from the trees. One eyewitness expressed it this way: “As I traveled around, I could not help but notice that hundreds of large Ficus trees had been uprooted and toppled to the ground. Why was that? They offered high wind resistance due to their bulk, and they had a widespread but shallow root system. On the other hand, most of the slender palm trees remained standing. They bent with the wind, some lost their fronds, but most stayed rooted in the ground.” The Witnesses had deep roots of faith in God’s Word and were flexible in their reactions. Possessions and homes were not everything to them. At least they were alive and could continue serving Jehovah in spite of adversity. Life was something that Andrew did not take from them. How Is It Done? The Anheuser Busch company donated a truckload of drinking water. On arriving, the driver asked officials where he should deliver the water. He was told that the only ones who had something organized were the Witnesses. In fact, within a week after Andrew struck, some 70 tractor-trailer loads of supplies had arrived at the Fort Lauderdale Assembly Hall of Jehovah’s Witnesses. A volunteer there reports: “So we received a whole truckload of drinking water. We immediately included this among the other foodstuffs that we were sending to the distribution centers at the Kingdom Halls. It was shared with the brothers and with the neighbors in that area who were in need.” A paper company in Washington State donated 250,000 paper plates. In the beginning, city authorities were sending non-Witness volunteers to the Kingdom Halls, saying, ‘They are the only ones who are properly organized.’ Eventually the military moved in and began to set up food and water relief centers and tent cities. The original Witness staging area was set up by the relief committee at the Fort Lauderdale Assembly Hall, which is some 40 miles [60 km] north of the main disaster zone around Homestead. To relieve some of the pressure, a primary staging area was established at the Plant City Assembly Hall near Orlando, about 250 miles [400 km] northwest of the disaster zone. Most relief materials were channeled there for sorting and packing. The committee ordered its needs from Plant City on a daily basis, and huge tractor-trailers were used to cover the five-hour drive down to Fort Lauderdale. In turn this staging station supplied food, materials, water, generators, and other needs to three Kingdom Halls that had been repaired in the center of the disaster area. There, capable Witnesses organized building and clean-up crews to visit the hundreds of homes that needed attention. Kitchens and feeding lines were also opened on the Kingdom Hall grounds, and anybody was welcome to come for aid. Even some of the soldiers enjoyed a meal and were later observed dropping donations into the contribution boxes. While the men were busy fixing houses, some of the women were preparing meals. Others were out visiting any people they could find in order to share with them the Bible’s explanation of natural disasters and also to give away boxes of relief supplies to those in need. One of these was Teresa Pereda. Her home was damaged, and her car windows were smashed​—yet the car was loaded with relief boxes ready for her neighbors. Her husband, Lazaro, was busy working at one of the Kingdom Halls.​—Ecclesiastes 9:11; Luke 21:11, 25. For many of the homeless, alternative accommodations were found in the homes of Witnesses untouched by Andrew. Others stayed in trailers lent or donated for that purpose. Some moved into the tent cities established by the military. Others just wrote off their homes as a loss and moved in with friends and relatives in other parts of the country. They had neither homes nor jobs. There was no electricity, no water, no adequate sewerage​—so they took the best way out for them. One lesson all learned was well expressed by a Spanish-speaking Witness: “We are very thankful for the lesson that we learned about our goals in life. You know, you can work for 15 or 20 years building up your home, accumulating material things, and then in just one hour, it can all be gone. This helps us to identify our goals spiritually, to make life simpler and really think about serving Jehovah.” It is much as the apostle Paul stated: “What things were gains to me, these I have considered loss on account of the Christ. Why, for that matter, I do indeed also consider all things to be loss on account of the excelling value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord. On account of him I have taken the loss of all things and I consider them as a lot of refuse, that I may gain Christ.”​—Philippians 3:7, 8. Natural disasters are a part of life in our present world. If we heed warnings from the authorities, we may at least save our lives. Maybe homes and possessions will be lost, but a Christian’s relationship with “the God of all comfort” should be strengthened. Even if some may perish in a disaster, Jesus promised a resurrection for them in God’s new world on a restored earth​—an earth that will never see misery and death caused by natural disasters.​—2 Corinthians 1:3, 4; Isaiah 11:9; John 5:28, 29; Revelation 21:3, 4. [Footnotes] a A hurricane is a “tropical cyclone formed over the North Atlantic Ocean in which the winds attain speeds greater than 75 mph (121 km/​hr).” (The Concise Columbia Encyclopedia) A typhoon is a “hurricane occurring in the western Pacific or the China Sea.”​—The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. [Box on page 20] Totally Amazed A group of 11 white Witnesses traveled down from Tampa, Florida, to assist in the relief work. They obtained supplies and began repairing the roof of a black Witness. When a non-Witness nephew arrived, he could not believe his eyes​—he was totally amazed to find that a group of white Witnesses had arrived before him and were restoring his uncle’s home. He was so impressed that he even assisted in the construction work. He said that the next time the Witnesses came by his house, he would ask for a Bible study. As he was talking with the Tampa group, it became evident that he was from their area. Without delay one of the elders in the group made arrangements for a Bible study the following week! As one Witness stated, this proves that you don’t just have to knock on doors to give a witness​—you can knock on roofs! [Pictures on page 15] Hurricane Andrew spared nothing, and few buildings could resist The Kieffer’s mobile home​—and what is left of it [Pictures on page 16] Rebecca Pérez, her daughters, and 11 others survived in this small space The military stepped in to prevent looting (above right); looted stores (right) The hurricane ripped off roofs, and vehicles were tossed about [Pictures on page 17] Relief was organized at Kingdom Halls Mobile homes were wrapped around trees; a child’s toys lie forlorn on a mattress; Bible literature is among the debris; Witnesses, such as Teresa Pereda, delivered supplies to their neighbors Donated building materials. Sorting clothing [Pictures on page 18] Volunteers from all over the United States helped in the relief work

Sing Praises (ssb) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/Ssb

Song 78 Speaking the “Pure Language” (Zephaniah 3:9) 1. God’s people are speaking a language so pure, A language that truly unites. Its words are delightful, bring joy to the heart. To love and right works they incite. 2. The change to this language Jehovah does give To those who are humble and meek. For such ones are willing to go forth and teach Still others this language to speak. 3. Wrong thoughts and bad habits are now put aside By those who this language do learn. They clean up their lives and adhere to God’s ways. The ways of the world they now spurn. 4. So shoulder to shoulder we serve our great God. His people he guides and equips. And with the pure language, the Kingdom we preach; Its message we bear on our lips.

THE BIBLE CHANGES LIVES United With My Father at Last

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502018260

THE BIBLE CHANGES LIVES United With My Father at Last AS TOLD BY RENÉE LERON YEAR BORN: 1954 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: Philippines HISTORY: Estranged from abusive father MY PAST Many tourists visit the famous waterfalls near the town of Pagsanjan in the Philippines. There, my father, Nardo Leron, grew up in poverty. Upon seeing the corruption in government, the police force, and his workplace, he became bitter and angry. My parents worked hard to raise their eight children. They often stayed away from home for long periods, looking after crops in the mountains. Frequently, my brother Rodelio and I had to look after ourselves, and we were often hungry. As children, we had little opportunity for play. Starting at age seven, each of us children had to work on a plantation, carrying heavy loads of coconuts along steep mountain tracks. If a load was too heavy to lift, we were forced to drag it. We had to endure our father’s beatings, but it was more painful to see him beat our mother. We tried to stop him, but we were helpless. Rodelio and I secretly agreed to kill our father when we got older. How I longed for a father who loved us! Frustrated and angry because of my father’s violence, I left home when I was 14 years old. For a while I lived on the streets, and I started using marijuana. Eventually, I worked as a boatman, taking tourists to the waterfalls. A few years later, I began university studies in Manila. But because I traveled back to Pagsanjan to work on weekends, I had little time for study. My life seemed like a pointless treadmill, and marijuana no longer dulled my anxiety. I started to experiment with methamphetamines, cocaine, and heroin. Drugs and sexual immorality went hand in hand. I was surrounded by poverty, injustice, and suffering. I hated the government and held it responsible. I asked God, “Why is life like this?” But I found no answers in the different religions that I investigated. I took more drugs to smother my despair. In 1972, students in the Philippines organized protests against the government. I joined in one of those protests, and it turned violent. Many people were arrested, and months later, martial law was declared throughout the country. I ended up on the streets again, this time in fear of the authorities because of my part in the rebellion. To support my drug habit, I resorted to stealing and, finally, to providing immoral services for rich people and foreigners. I didn’t care if I lived or died. Meanwhile, my mother and younger brother had begun studying the Bible with Jehovah’s Witnesses. My father was furious, and he burned their Bible literature. But they both persevered and were baptized as Witnesses. One day, a Witness spoke to my father about the Bible’s promise of a future when true justice would be established earth wide. (Psalm 72:12-​14) This prospect appealed to my father so much that he decided to investigate for himself. In the Bible, he found not only God’s promise of a fair government but also God’s requirements for husbands and fathers. (Ephesians 5:​28; 6:4) A short time later, he and all my other siblings became Witnesses. Far from home, I was not aware of any of this. HOW THE BIBLE CHANGED MY LIFE In 1978, I moved to Australia. But even in this peaceful and affluent country, I could find no peace of mind. My alcohol and drug habit continued. Later that year, Jehovah’s Witnesses visited me. I liked what they showed me in the Bible about a peaceful earth, but I was wary of getting involved with them. Shortly after this, I returned to the Philippines for a few weeks. My siblings told me that our father had worked hard to become a better person, but my heart was so bitter that I tried to avoid any contact with him. My younger sister explained to me from the Bible why life is so full of suffering and injustice. I was amazed that a teenage girl with little experience could have the answers to my questions. Before I left, my father gave me the book You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth.a He said: “Stop running. This book will help you find what you are looking for.” He urged me to find Jehovah’s Witnesses back in Australia. I followed my father’s advice and found a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah’s Witnesses near my home in Brisbane. I agreed to a regular Bible study. Bible prophecies like those in Daniel chapter 7 and Isaiah chapter 9 showed me that God’s government, which is completely free of corruption, will rule over us in the future. I learned that we will enjoy Paradise conditions on the earth. I wanted to be acceptable to God, but I realized that I would have to control my emotions, stop abusing drugs and alcohol, and end my promiscuous lifestyle. I separated from the girl I was living with, and I broke free from my addictions. As my trust in Jehovah grew, I prayed for his help to make other changes. Gradually, it dawned on me that what I was learning really could transform a person. The Bible says that with effort, we can put on a “new personality.” (Colossians 3:​9, 10) As I tried to do this, I realized that what I had heard about my father’s changing his personality just might be true. Instead of feeling anger and hostility, I wanted to make peace with him. Finally, I forgave my father and let go of the hatred I had harbored since childhood. HOW I HAVE BENEFITED As a young man, I often followed others into destructive or harmful behavior. The Bible’s warning proved true in my case​—bad associates led me astray. (1 Corinthians 15:33) But I’ve made trustworthy friends among Jehovah’s Witnesses, and they have helped me become a better person. Also among them I met my wonderful wife, Loretta. Together, we teach others how the Bible can help them. Sharing a meal with my wife and friends Thanks to the Bible, I saw my father become what I thought he could never be​—a loving husband to my mother and a humble, peace-loving Christian. When we met up after I was baptized as one of Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1987, my father hugged me for the first time in my life! For over 35 years, my father continued to work alongside my mother, sharing the Bible’s hope with others. He became a diligent and caring man who was known for helping people. During those years, I learned to respect and love him. I felt proud to be known as his son! He passed away in 2016, but I think of him very fondly, knowing that he and I both made great changes in our personality as we applied the Bible’s teachings. Not a trace of my former hatred remains. And I am so grateful to have found my heavenly Father, Jehovah God, who promises to end all causes of distress in families everywhere. a Published by Jehovah’s Witnesses but now out of print.

Greatest Man (gt) 1991

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/gt

Chapter 72 Jesus Sends Out the 70 IT IS the fall of 32 C.E., a full three years since Jesus’ baptism. He and his disciples have recently attended the Festival of Tabernacles in Jerusalem, and apparently they are still nearby. In fact, Jesus spends most of the remaining six months of his ministry either in Judea or just across the Jordan River in the district of Perea. This territory needs to be covered too. True, after the Passover of 30 C.E., Jesus spent about eight months preaching in Judea. But after the Jews tried to kill him there on the Passover of 31 C.E., he spent the next year and a half teaching almost exclusively in Galilee. During that time, he developed a large, well-trained organization of preachers, something he did not have earlier. So he now launches a final intensive witnessing campaign in Judea. Jesus gets this campaign under way by choosing 70 disciples and sending them out by twos. Thus, there are altogether 35 teams of Kingdom preachers to work the territory. These go in advance into every city and place to which Jesus, evidently accompanied by his apostles, is planning to go. Instead of directing the 70 to go to synagogues, Jesus tells them to enter private homes, explaining: “Wherever you enter into a house say first, ‘May this house have peace.’ And if a friend of peace is there, your peace will rest upon him.” What is to be their message? “Go on telling them,” Jesus says, “the kingdom of God has come near to you.” Regarding the activity of the 70, Matthew Henry’s Commentary reports: “Like their Master, wherever they visited, they preached from house to house.” Jesus’ instructions to the 70 are similar to those given to the 12 when he sent these out on a preaching campaign in Galilee about a year earlier. Not only does he warn the 70 of the opposition they will face, preparing them to present the message to householders, but he empowers them to cure the sick. Thus, when Jesus arrives shortly afterward, many will be eager to meet the Master whose disciples are able to do such marvelous things. The preaching by the 70 and Jesus’ follow-up work last a relatively short time. Soon the 35 teams of Kingdom preachers begin returning to Jesus. “Lord,” they say joyfully, “even the demons are made subject to us by the use of your name.” Such a fine service report surely thrills Jesus, for he responds: “I began to behold Satan already fallen like lightning from heaven. Look! I have given you the authority to trample underfoot serpents and scorpions.” Jesus knows that after the birth of God’s Kingdom at the time of the end, Satan and his demons are to be cast out of heaven. But now this casting out of unseen demons by mere humans serves as added assurance of that coming event. Therefore, Jesus speaks of the future fall of Satan from heaven as an absolute certainty. Hence, it is in a symbolic sense that the 70 are given authority to trample serpents and scorpions. Yet, Jesus says: “Do not rejoice over this, that the spirits are made subject to you, but rejoice because your names have been inscribed in the heavens.” Jesus is overjoyed and publicly praises his Father for using these humble servants of his in such a powerful way. Turning to his disciples, he says: “Happy are the eyes that behold the things you are beholding. For I say to you, Many prophets and kings desired to see the things you are beholding but did not see them, and to hear the things you are hearing but did not hear them.” Luke 10:1-24; Matthew 10:1-42; Revelation 12:7-12. ▪ Where did Jesus preach during the first three years of his ministry, and what territory does he cover in his final six months? ▪ Where does Jesus direct the 70 to find people? ▪ Why does Jesus say he beheld Satan already fallen from heaven? ▪ In what sense can the 70 trample serpents and scorpions?

Proclaimers (jv) 1993

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/jv

Chapter 6 A Time of Testing (1914-1918) “Let us remember that we are in a testing season. . . . If there is any reason that would lead any to let go of the Lord and His Truth and to cease sacrificing for the Lord’s Cause, then it is not merely the love of God in the heart which has prompted interest in the Lord, but something else; probably a hoping that the time was short; the consecration was only for a certain time. If so, now is a good time to let go.” THOSE words, appearing in The Watch Tower of November 1, 1914, could not have been more appropriate. The years from 1914 to 1918 did, indeed, prove to be “a testing season” for the Bible Students. Some of the tests came from within; others came from outside. All of them, though, tested the Bible Students in ways that revealed whether they really had ‘the love of God in their hearts.’ Would they hold on to “the Lord and His Truth” or let go? Great Expectations On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was struck down by an assassin’s bullet. That assassination triggered the outbreak of the Great War, as World War I was originally called. The fighting began in August 1914 when Germany swept into Belgium and France. By the autumn of that year, the bloodbath was well under way. “The Gentile Times have ended; their kings have had their day”! So exclaimed Brother Russell as he entered the dining room at the Brooklyn headquarters of the Watch Tower Society the morning of Friday, October 2, 1914. Excitement was high. Most of those present had for years been looking forward to 1914. But what would the end of the Gentile Times bring? World War I was raging, and at that time it was believed that the war was leading into a time of global anarchy that would result in the end of the existing system of things. There were also other expectations concerning 1914. Alexander H. Macmillan, who had been baptized in September 1900, later recalled: “A few of us seriously thought we were going to heaven during the first week of that October.”a In fact, recalling the morning that Russell announced the end of the Gentile Times, Macmillan admitted: “We were highly excited and I would not have been surprised if at that moment we had just started up, that becoming the signal to begin ascending heavenward—but of course there was nothing like that.” Disappointed expectations as to the return of the Lord Jesus had in the 19th century caused many followers of William Miller and various Adventist groups to lose faith. But what about the Bible Students associated with Russell? Had some been attracted by the thought of their own early salvation rather than love for God and a strong desire to do his will? ‘Brother Russell, Were You Not Disappointed?’ Brother Russell had been encouraging the Bible Students to keep on the watch and to be determined to continue in the Lord’s work even if matters did not culminate as soon as they might have expected. October 1914 passed, and C. T. Russell and his associates were still on earth. Then October 1915 passed. Was Russell disappointed? In The Watch Tower of February 1, 1916, he wrote: “‘But, Brother Russell, what is your thought as to the time of our change? Were you not disappointed that it did not come when we hoped that it would?’ you will ask. No, we reply, we were not disappointed. . . . Brethren, those of us who are in the right attitude toward God are not disappointed at any of His arrangements. We did not wish our own will to be done; so when we found out that we were expecting the wrong thing in October, 1914, then we were glad that the Lord did not change His Plan to suit us. We did not wish Him to do so. We merely wish to be able to apprehend His plans and purposes.” No, the Bible Students were not ‘taken home’ to heaven in October 1914. Nevertheless, the Gentile Times did end in that year. Clearly, the Bible Students had more to learn as to the significance of 1914. Meanwhile, what were they to do? Work! As The Watch Tower of September 1, 1916, put it: “We imagined that the Harvest work of gathering the Church [of anointed ones] would be accomplished before the end of the Gentile Times; but nothing in the Bible so said. . . . Are we regretful that the Harvest work continues? Nay, verily . . . Our present attitude, dear brethren, should be one of great gratitude toward God, increasing appreciation of the beautiful Truth which He has granted us the privilege of seeing and being identified with, and increasing zeal in helping to bring that Truth to the knowledge of others.” But was there much more to be done in the harvest work? Brother Russell evidently thought so. Indicating this was a conversation he had with Brother Macmillan in the fall of 1916. Calling Macmillan to his study at Brooklyn Bethel, Russell told him: “The work is increasing rapidly, and it will continue to increase, for there is a world-wide work to be done in preaching the ‘gospel of the kingdom’ in all the world.” Russell spent three and a half hours outlining to Macmillan what he saw from the Bible to be the great work yet ahead. The Bible Students had come through a difficult test. But with the help of The Watch Tower, they were strengthened to triumph over disappointment. The testing season, however, was far from over. “What Is Going to Happen Now?” On October 16, 1916, Brother Russell and his secretary Menta Sturgeon departed on a previously arranged lecture tour of western and southwestern parts of the United States. Russell, though, was seriously ill at the time. The tour took them first to Detroit, Michigan, by way of Canada. Then, after stops in Illinois, Kansas, and Texas, the two men arrived in California, where Russell delivered his last talk on Sunday, October 29, in Los Angeles. Two days later, in the early afternoon of Tuesday, October 31, 64-year-old Charles Taze Russell died on a train at Pampa, Texas. Notice of his death appeared in The Watch Tower of November 15, 1916. What was the effect on the Bethel family when news of Brother Russell’s death was announced? A. H. Macmillan, who served as Russell’s assistant in the office while Russell was away, later recalled the morning he read the telegram to the Bethel family: “A moan went up all over that dining room. Some wept audibly. None ate breakfast that morning. All were greatly upset. At the end of the meal period they met in little groups to talk and whisper, ‘What is going to happen now?’ Little work was done that day. We did not know what to do. It was so unexpected, and yet Russell had tried to prepare us for it. What would we do? The first shock of our loss of C. T. Russell was the worst. For those first few days our future was a blank wall. Throughout his life Russell had been ‘the Society.’ The work centered around his dynamic determination to see God’s will done.” After funeral services at The Temple in New York and at Carnegie Hall in Pittsburgh, Brother Russell was buried at Allegheny, in the Bethel family plot, according to his request. A brief biography of Russell along with his will and testament was published in The Watch Tower of December 1, 1916, as well as in subsequent editions of the first volume of Studies in the Scriptures. What would happen now? It was difficult for the Bible Students to imagine someone else in Brother Russell’s place. Would their understanding of the Scriptures continue to be progressive, or would it stop where it was? Would they become a sect centered around him? Russell himself had made it quite clear that he expected the work to go on. So following his death, some obvious questions soon arose: Who will supervise the outputs of The Watch Tower and other publications? Who should succeed Russell as president? A Change in Administration In his will Brother Russell outlined an arrangement for an Editorial Committee of five to determine the outputs of The Watch Tower.b In addition, the board of directors of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society made arrangements for an Executive Committee of three—A. I. Ritchie, W. E. Van Amburgh, and J. F. Rutherford—to have general supervision of all the work of the Society, subject to the control of the board of directors.c Who, though, would become the new president? That decision would be made at the next annual meeting of the Society, about two months later, on January 6, 1917. At first, the Executive Committee did its best to hold things together, encouraging the Bible Students to keep active and not lose courage. The Watch Tower continued to be published, containing articles that Russell had written before his death. But as the annual meeting approached, tension began to mount. Some were even doing a little electioneering to get a man of their choice selected to be president. Others, on account of their deep respect for Brother Russell, seemed more concerned with trying to copy his qualities and develop a sort of cult around him. Most of the Bible Students, however, were primarily interested in getting on with the work into which Russell had poured himself. As the time for the election approached, the question remained, Who would succeed Russell as president? The Watch Tower of January 15, 1917, reported the outcome of the annual meeting, explaining: “Brother Pierson, with very appropriate remarks and expressions of appreciation and love for Brother Russell, stated that he had received word as proxy-holder from friends all over the land to the effect that he cast their votes for Brother J. F. Rutherford for President, and he further stated that he was in full sympathy with this.” After Rutherford’s name was placed in nomination and seconded, there were no further nominations, so “the Secretary cast the ballot as directed, and Brother Rutherford was declared the unanimous choice of the Convention as President.” With the election decided, how was the new president received? The Watch Tower mentioned above reported: “The friends everywhere had prayed earnestly for the Lord’s guidance and direction in the matter of the election; and when it was concluded, everyone was output and happy, believing that the Lord had directed their deliberations and answered their prayers. Perfect harmony prevailed amongst all present.” That “perfect harmony,” however, did not last very long. The new president was warmly received by many but not by all. The New President Moves Ahead Brother Rutherford was inclined, not to change the direction of the organization, but to continue in the forward-moving pattern established by Russell. Traveling representatives of the Society (known as pilgrims) were increased from 69 to 93. Distribution of the Society’s free tracts was accelerated on occasional Sundays in front of the churches and regularly in the house-to-house ministry. The “pastoral work,” which had been started prior to Russell’s death, was now stepped up. This was a follow-up work, similar to the return-visit activity now carried on by Jehovah’s Witnesses. To further revitalize the preaching work, the Society’s new president expanded the colporteur work. Colporteurs (forerunners of today’s pioneers) were increased from 372 to 461. “The year 1917 opened with rather a discouraging outlook,” stated The Watch Tower of December 15, 1917. Yes, following the death of C. T. Russell, there were some misgivings, some doubts, and some fears. Yet, the year-end report was encouraging; field activity had increased. Clearly, the work was moving ahead. Had the Bible Students passed another test—the death of C. T. Russell—successfully? Efforts to Gain Control Not everyone was supportive of the new president. C. T. Russell and J. F. Rutherford were very different men. They had different personalities and came from different backgrounds. These differences were hard for some to accept. In their minds, no one could ‘fill Brother Russell’s shoes.’ A few, especially at headquarters, actually resented Brother Rutherford. The fact that the work was moving ahead and that he was making every effort to follow the arrangements that had been put in place by Russell did not seem to impress them. Opposition soon mounted. Four members of the board of directors of the Society went so far as to endeavor to wrest administrative control from Rutherford’s hands. The situation came to a head in the summer of 1917, with the release of The Finished Mystery, the seventh volume of Studies in the Scriptures. Brother Russell had been unable to produce this volume during his lifetime, though he had hoped to do so. Following his death, the Executive Committee of the Society arranged for two associates, Clayton J. Woodworth and George H. Fisher, to prepare this book, which was a commentary on Revelation, The Song of Solomon, and Ezekiel. In part, it was based on what Russell had written about these Bible books, and other comments and explanations were added. The completed manuscript was approved for publication by officers of the Society and was released to the Bethel family at the dining table on Tuesday, July 17, 1917. On that same occasion, a startling announcement was made—the four opposing directors had been removed, and Brother Rutherford had appointed four others to fill the vacancies. What was the reaction? It was as if a bombshell had exploded! The four ousted directors seized upon the occasion and stirred up a five-hour controversy before the Bethel family over the administration of the Society’s affairs. A number of the Bethel family sympathized with the opposers. The opposition continued for several weeks, with the disturbers threatening to “overthrow the existing tyranny,” as they put it. But Brother Rutherford had a sound basis for the action he had taken. How so? It turned out that although the four opposing directors had been appointed by Brother Russell, these appointments had never been confirmed by vote of the corporation members at the annual meeting of the Society. Therefore, the four of them were not legal members of the board of directors at all! Rutherford had been aware of this but had not mentioned it at first. Why not? He had wanted to avoid giving the impression that he was going against Brother Russell’s wishes. However, when it became evident that they would not discontinue their opposition, Rutherford acted within his authority and responsibility as president to replace them with four others whose appointments were to be confirmed at the next annual meeting, to be held in January 1918. On August 8, the disgruntled ex-directors and their supporters left the Bethel family; they had been asked to leave because of the disturbance they had been creating. They soon began spreading their opposition by an extensive speaking and letter-writing campaign throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe. As a result, after the summer of 1917, a number of congregations of Bible Students were split into two groups—those loyal to the Society and those who were easy prey to the smooth talk of the opposers. But might the ousted directors, in an effort to gain control of the organization, try to influence those attending the annual meeting? Anticipating such a reaction, Rutherford felt it advisable to take a survey of all the congregations. The results? According to the report published in The Watch Tower of December 15, 1917, those voting indicated their overwhelming support of J. F. Rutherford and the directors cooperating with him! This was confirmed at the annual meeting.d The opposers’ efforts to gain control had failed! What became of those opposers and their supporters? After the January 1918 annual meeting, the opposing ones splintered off, even choosing to celebrate the Memorial, on March 26, 1918, on their own. Any unity they enjoyed was short-lived, and before long they broke up into various sects. In most cases their numbers dwindled and their activity diminished or ceased entirely. Clearly, following Brother Russell’s death, the Bible Students faced a real test of loyalty. As Tarissa P. Gott, who was baptized in 1915, put it: “Many of those who had seemed so strong, so devoted to the Lord, began to turn away. . . . All of this just did not seem right, yet it was happening and it upset us. But I said to myself: ‘Was not this organization the one that Jehovah used to free us from the bonds of false religion? Have we not tasted of his goodness? If we were to leave now, where would we go? Would we not wind up following some man?’ We could not see why we should go with the apostates, so we stayed.”—John 6:66-69; Heb. 6:4-6. Some who withdrew from the organization later repented and associated with the Bible Students in worship once again. By far the majority, like Sister Gott, continued to cooperate with the Watch Tower Society and Brother Rutherford. The love and unity that bound them together had been built up through years of association together at meetings and conventions. They would allow nothing to break up that bond of union.—Col. 3:14. By 1918 the Bible Students had survived testing from within. What, though, if opposition arose from those on the outside? Objects of Attack Through the close of 1917 and into 1918, the Bible Students energetically distributed the new book, The Finished Mystery. By the end of 1917, the printers were busy on the 850,000 edition. The Watch Tower of December 15, 1917, reported: “The sale of the Seventh Volume is unparallelled by the sale of any other book known, in the same length of time, excepting the Bible.” But not everyone was thrilled with the success of The Finished Mystery. The book contained some references to the clergy of Christendom that were very cutting. This so angered the clergy that they urged the government to suppress the publications of the Bible Students. As a result of this clergy-inspired opposition, early in 1918, The Finished Mystery was banned in Canada. Opposition soon mounted against the Bible Students in the United States. To expose this clergy-inspired pressure, on March 15, 1918, the Watch Tower Society released the tract Kingdom News No. 1. Its message? The six-column-wide headline read: “Religious Intolerance—Pastor Russell’s Followers Persecuted Because They Tell the People the Truth.” Below the heading “Treatment of Bible Students Smacks of the ‘Dark Ages’” were set forth the facts of the persecution and the ban that had begun in Canada. The instigators? The tract pulled no punches in pointing to the clergy, who were described as “a bigoted class of men who have systematically endeavored to prevent the people from understanding the Bible and to throttle all Bible teaching unless it comes through them.”e What a hard-hitting message! How did the clergy respond to such an exposé? They had already stirred up trouble against the Watch Tower Society. But now they got vicious! In the spring of 1918, a wave of violent persecution was launched against the Bible Students in both North America and Europe. The clergy-inspired opposition came to a head on May 7, 1918, when U.S. federal warrants were issued for the arrest of J. F. Rutherford and several of his close associates. By mid-1918, Rutherford and seven associates found themselves in the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. But with Judge Rutherford and his associates in prison, what happened to the operation of headquarters? Keeping the Home Fires Burning Back in Brooklyn an Executive Committee was appointed to take charge of the work. A chief concern of the brothers appointed was to keep The Watch Tower in circulation. The Bible Students everywhere certainly needed all the spiritual encouragement that could be given them. In fact, during this entire “testing season,” not one issue of The Watch Tower failed to appear in print!f What was the spirit at headquarters? Thomas (Bud) Sullivan, who later served as a member of the Governing Body, recalled: “It was my privilege to visit Brooklyn Bethel in the late summer of 1918 during the brothers’ incarceration. The brothers in charge of the work at Bethel were in no wise fearful or downhearted. In fact, the reverse was true. They were optimistic and confident that Jehovah would give his people the victory ultimately. I was privileged to be at the breakfast table on Monday morning when the brothers sent out on weekend appointments gave their reports. A fine picture of the situation was obtained. In every case the brothers were confident, waiting for Jehovah to direct their activities further.” Many problems, however, were encountered. World War I was still raging. There were shortages of paper supplies and coal, which were vitally needed for the work at headquarters. With patriotism at fever pitch, there was considerable animosity against the Society; the Bible Students were viewed as traitors. Under these extreme circumstances, it appeared impossible to continue operations at Brooklyn. So, the Executive Committee, after consulting with other brothers, sold the Brooklyn Tabernacle and closed the Bethel Home. On August 26, 1918, the operations were transferred back to Pittsburgh to an office building at Federal and Reliance streets. Nevertheless, a good spirit prevailed. Martha Meredith recalled: “We in Pittsburgh got together and decided we were going to keep ‘the home fires burning’ until the brethren got out of prison. At that time the Brooklyn office was moved to Pittsburgh, so the brethren got busy writing articles for The Watch Tower and had it printed. When The Watch Towers were ready to be sent out, we sisters wrapped them and sent them out to the people.” The Bible Students had faced some severe trials since the Gentile Times had ended in the fall of 1914. Could they continue to survive? Did they really have ‘the love of God in their hearts’ or not? Would they firmly hold on to “the Lord and His Truth,” as Russell had cautioned, or would they let go? [Footnotes] a Quotations from A. H. Macmillan in this chapter are taken from his book Faith on the March, published in 1957 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. b The five members of the Editorial Committee as named in Russell’s will were William E. Page, William E. Van Amburgh, Henry Clay Rockwell, E. W. Brenneisen, and F. H. Robison. In addition, to fill any vacancies, others were named—A. E. Burgess, Robert Hirsh, Isaac Hoskins, G. H. Fisher, J. F. Rutherford, and John Edgar. Page and Brenneisen, however, promptly resigned—Page because he could not take up residence in Brooklyn, and Brenneisen (later the spelling was changed to Brenisen) because he had to take up secular work to support his family. Rutherford and Hirsh, whose names were listed in the December 1, 1916, Watch Tower, replaced them as members of the Editorial Committee. c According to the charter of the Watch Tower Society, the board of directors was to be composed of seven members. The charter provided for the surviving members of the board of directors to fill a vacancy. So, two days after Russell’s death, the board of directors met and elected A. N. Pierson to be a member. The seven members of the board at that point were A. I. Ritchie, W. E. Van Amburgh, H. C. Rockwell, J. D. Wright, I. F. Hoskins, A. N. Pierson, and J. F. Rutherford. The seven-member board then elected the Executive Committee of three. d At the annual meeting held on January 5, 1918, the seven persons receiving the highest number of votes were J. F. Rutherford, C. H. Anderson, W. E. Van Amburgh, A. H. Macmillan, W. E. Spill, J. A. Bohnet, and G. H. Fisher. From these seven board members, the three officers were chosen—J. F. Rutherford as president, C. H. Anderson as vice president, and W. E. Van Amburgh as secretary-treasurer. e Two other hard-hitting tracts followed. Kingdom News No. 2, dated April 15, 1918, contained an even stronger message under the headline “‘The Finished Mystery’ and Why Suppressed.” Then, Kingdom News No. 3, of May 1918, carried the significant headline “Two Great Battles Raging—Fall of Autocracy Certain.” f On earlier occasions, issues of the Watch Tower had been combined, but this was not done during 1914-18. [Blurb on page 68] Rutherford asked the opposers to leave Bethel [Box on page 62] “Some of Us Had Been a Bit Too Hasty” As October 1914 approached, some of the Bible Students expected that at the end of the Gentile Times they, as spirit-anointed Christians, would receive their heavenly reward. Illustrating this is an incident that took place at a convention of the Bible Students in Saratoga Springs, New York, September 27-30, 1914. A. H. Macmillan, who had been baptized 14 years earlier, gave a discourse on Wednesday, September 30. In it he stated: “This is probably the last public address I shall ever deliver because we shall be going home [to heaven] soon.” However, two days later (on Friday, October 2), Macmillan came in for some good-natured teasing back in Brooklyn, where the conventioners were to reconvene. From his seat at the head of the table, C. T. Russell announced: “We are going to make some changes in the program for Sunday [October 4]. At 10:30 Sunday morning Brother Macmillan will give us an address.” The response? Macmillan later wrote: “Everybody laughed heartily, recalling what I had said on Wednesday at Saratoga Springs—my ‘last public address’!” “Well,” Macmillan continued, “then I had to get busy to find something to say. I found Psalm 74:9, ‘We see not our signs: there is no more any prophet: neither is there among us any that knoweth how long.’ Now that was different. In that talk I tried to show the friends that perhaps some of us had been a bit too hasty in thinking that we were going to heaven right away, and the thing for us to do would be to keep busy in the Lord’s service until he determined when any of his approved servants would be taken home to heaven.” [Box on page 67] J. F. Rutherford’s Background Joseph Franklin Rutherford was born of Baptist parents on a farm in Morgan County, Missouri, U.S.A., on November 8, 1869. When Joseph was 16, his father consented to his attending college, provided that he pay his own way and that he pay for a hired laborer to take his place on the farm. A determined young man, Joseph secured a loan from a friend and managed to go to college while also studying law. After completing his academy education, Rutherford spent two years under the tutelage of Judge E. L. Edwards. By the time he was 20, he became the official court reporter for the courts of the Fourteenth Judicial Circuit in Missouri. On May 5, 1892, his license to practice law in Missouri was granted. Rutherford later served for four years as public prosecutor for Boonville, Missouri. Still later, he served on occasion as a special judge in the Eighth Judicial Circuit Court of Missouri. That is why he came to be known as “Judge” Rutherford. Interestingly, to help pay his way through school, Rutherford sold encyclopedias from house to house. It was not an easy job—there were many rebuffs. On one occasion he almost died when he fell into an icy stream while calling on farms. He promised himself that when he became a lawyer, if anyone ever came to his office selling books, he would buy them. True to his word, he accepted three volumes of “Millennial Dawn” from two colporteurs who appeared at his office early in 1894. Several weeks later he read the books and promptly wrote a letter to the Watch Tower Society, in which he said: “My dear wife and myself have read these books with the keenest interest, and we consider it a God-send and a great blessing that we have had the opportunity of coming in contact with them.” In 1906, Joseph F. Rutherford was baptized, and a year later he became the Watch Tower Society’s legal counsel. [Box/Picture on page 69] ‘No Men on Earth More Highly Favored’ On June 21, 1918, J. F. Rutherford and several of his close associates were sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment, having been falsely convicted of conspiracy. Their feelings? In a handwritten note dated June 22-23 (shown below), from the Raymond Street jail in Brooklyn, New York, Brother Rutherford wrote: “There are probably no men on earth today more highly favored and who are happier than the seven brethren now in prison. They are conscious of their entire innocence of intentional wrongdoing, and rejoice to be suffering with Christ for loyally serving Him.” [Box on page 70] Victims of Clergy-Inspired Persecution By the middle of 1918, J. F. Rutherford and seven of his associates were in prison—victims of clergy-inspired opposition. But those eight men were not the only targets of such hatred. During earlier years it had been C. T. Russell who was primarily the object of attack by the clergy and the press. Now the Bible Students themselves were victims. “The Golden Age” (now “Awake!”) of September 29, 1920, published a graphic, extensive report of vicious persecution they endured in the United States. It read like something out of the Inquisition.g Included were the following accounts: “April 22, 1918, at Wynnewood, Oklahoma, Claud Watson was first jailed and then deliberately released to a mob composed of preachers, business men and a few others that knocked him down, caused a negro to whip him and, when he had partially recovered, to whip him again. They then poured tar and feathers all over him, rubbing the tar into his hair and scalp.” “April 29, 1918, at Walnut Ridge, Arkansas, W. B. Duncan, 61 years of age, Edward French, Charles Franke, a Mr. Griffin and Mrs. D. Van Hoesen were jailed. The jail was broken into by a mob that used the most vile and obscene language, whipped, tarred, feathered and drove them from town. Duncan was compelled to walk twenty-six miles [42 km] to his home and barely recovered. Griffin was virtually blinded and died from the assault a few months later.” “April 30, 1918, . . . at Minerva, Ohio, S. H. Griffin was first jailed and then released to a mob, then lectured fifteen minutes by the minister, then struck repeatedly, cursed, kicked, trodden upon, threatened with hanging and with drowning, driven from town, spit upon, tripped repeatedly, jabbed repeatedly with an umbrella, forbidden to ride, followed five miles to Malvern, Ohio, rearrested, jailed for safety at Carrollton and finally taken home by brave and faithful officials who, after examining his literature, said, in so many words, ‘We find no fault in this man.’” [Footnote] g Pp. 712-17. [Pictures on page 64] On October 31, 1916, 64-year-old Charles Taze Russell died on a train at Pampa, Texas; many newspapers reported on the funeral [Picture on page 66] J. F. Rutherford had a commanding appearance, standing six feet two inches [188 cm] tall and weighing about 225 pounds [102 kg] [Picture on page 69] The Raymond Street jail, in Brooklyn, New York, where Brother Rutherford and several of his close associates were held for seven days immediately following their sentencing [Picture on page 71] Thomas (Bud) Sullivan visited headquarters in 1918 and later served on the Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses

Did You Know?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2011005

Did You Know? Since Israel has a long dry season, what strategies did its inhabitants in ancient times adopt to ensure their water supply? ▪ Between October and April, rain falls in Israel and at times gushes down torrent valleys. In the summer, however, most of these “rivers” dry up, and there may be no rain for months. How did people in Bible times maintain a steady supply of water? They resolved this problem by cutting channels into hillsides and directing winter rains into underground cavities, or cisterns. Rooftops were sufficiently sloped to direct rainwater into these cisterns. Many families had their own cistern, from which they could draw water to quench their thirst.​—2 Kings 18:31; Jeremiah 6:7. The Israelites also took advantage of natural springs. In the highlands, winter rain seeps into the ground until it reaches impermeable layers of rock, along which it runs until it reappears in springs. That villages were often built near a spring (Hebrew, en) is suggested by such place-names as En-shemesh, En-rogel, and En-gedi. (Joshua 15:7, 62) At Jerusalem, a conduit was quarried through solid rock to bring springwater into the city.​—2 Kings 20:20. Where there were no natural springs, a well (Hebrew, beʼerʹ), such as the one at Beer-sheba, was sunk to tap underground water. (Genesis 26:32, 33) Author André Chouraqui notes that “the technical solutions [the Israelites] found command admiration even today.” What kind of house might Abram (Abraham) have lived in? ▪ Abram and his wife lived in the prosperous Chaldean city of Ur. But at God’s direction, they left that city and began dwelling in tents. (Genesis 11:31; 13:12) Consider what a sacrifice this change may have involved for them. Ur, in modern-day Iraq, was excavated by Leonard Woolley between 1922 and 1934. Among the buildings he found were some 73 houses built of brick. The rooms of many of these houses were arranged around a paved central courtyard. The courtyard sloped gently toward its center, where a drain eliminated waste water. In the larger houses, guest rooms had their own lavatories. Other rooms on the ground floor included kitchens with fireplaces and slaves’ sleeping quarters. The family lived on the upper level, which was accessed by a staircase. The stairs led to a wooden balcony that ran around the courtyard and permitted access to the doors of the upper rooms. “A house . . . , with its paved court and neatly whitewashed walls, its own system of drainage, . . . of a dozen rooms or more, implies a standard of life of a really high order,” wrote Woolley. “And these are the houses . . . of the middle class, shopkeepers, petty merchants, scribes, and so on.” [Picture on page 19] Cistern, Horvot Mezada, Israel [Credit Line] © Masada National Park, Israel Nature and Parks Authority [Picture on page 19] Drawing of a house from the time of Abraham [Credit Line] © Drawing: A. S. Whitburn

“Eternal Purpose” (po) 1974

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/po

Chapter 1 We Are Within the Purpose of a Loving Creator 1, 2. Why is life on earth taking on new interest for increasing numbers of people? LIFE on earth is taking on new interest for increasing numbers of people as our twentieth century nears its end. 2 The dying system of things under which we are finding it more and more difficult to live is not the last thing for us to experience. It is not all there is to it for us. Earth will cease to be a place for continual human suffering. The darkening night that now enshrouds all the earth with a deadly pall is about to be dispelled. The new day that must surely follow the night is about to break for all the earth to become a place of joyous living for the whole human family. All of this is not a matter of chance, not a matter of accident, not even a matter of some human scientific breakthrough. Someone higher than man has purposed it. 3. How have Buddhists, Hindus and believers in Fate been affected by the new outlook on life upon earth? 3 Yes, increasing numbers of people of all kinds are throbbing with happy excitement as they look forward to life on our same old earth but under a life-giving system of things. Among these the onetime Buddhist who used to fold his hands and pray on bended knee before the gilded image of his meditating god has found new reason for enjoying human life on earth now and forever. The onetime Hindu who used to worship before his triune god Trimurti no longer tries to build up merit for himself under fear of an imagined transmigration of the human soul after death. With a loving interest in all others of mankind he now seeks to share with others the good news that the human family will enter into a better life here on earth. The worshiper who once believed that all his affairs were governed by Qadar (“Fate”) now wants to prove worthy of inheriting a paradise here on earth, more beautiful even than ancient Damascus. 4. How have religionists of Christendom changed their expectations? 4 The onetime Roman Catholic, or Greek Orthodox, or Protestant, who looked forward to becoming an angel in heaven rather than burning forever in a hell of fire and brimstone, now prepares himself for endless life in human perfection on a safe, peaceful earth. 5. How have the nonreligious been affected similarly? 5 Marvelous religious transformations all of those! But such transformations are not confined to sincere religious persons. Even the nonreligious have experienced this change of view of life on earth. The onetime evolutionist, who once exerted tremendous faith to believe that human life began accidentally from a tiny, short-lived cell in a primeval sea and evolved ambitiously upward to present human life, no longer depends upon mutations and modern science as to what he will be in the future. The aforetime “godless” Communist, who believed in absolute materialism and who worked for communizing the whole world under an irreligious political government, now hopes for a universal rulership higher than that of selfish, imperfect, dying creatures of blood and flesh. 6. According to what are all those now patterning their lives? 6 All these transformed ones, religious and nonreligious, confidently look for life on earth to become better within their own generation. They are now patterning their lives with this assured expectation of grander things to come for earth’s inhabitants. Their present lives are happier for this, more useful, more beneficial to themselves and others. Unitedly, they all have this common outlook for the coming years. What has brought about this marvelous transformation in their minds and hearts and lives? 7. What has brought about this transformation in such ones? 7 It is this: They have all come to an accurate knowledge of God’s “eternal purpose” and are shaping their lives in harmony with that divine purpose, rejoicing at heart because it is now triumphing for the everlasting good of all mankind. They are humbly grateful that they, too, are embraced within the loving purpose of God their Creator. Living within the range of His purpose makes life worth while for them. Eternal happiness is before them.

The Issue—How It All Began

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102003001

The Issue​—How It All Began STRATTON, OHIO, U.S.A., is a small community located near the Ohio River, which separates Ohio from West Virginia. It is defined as a village and has a mayor. This small community of fewer than 300 inhabitants suddenly became a center of controversy in 1999 when the authorities there tried to obligate Jehovah’s Witnesses, among others, to obtain a permit before visiting the homes of the local people with their Bible-based message. Why is this an important issue? As our account develops, you will see that this type of governmental ordinance and control would effectively limit the free-speech rights of not just Jehovah’s Witnesses but all who live in the United States. How the Conflict Developed The residents of Stratton had been visited for years by ministers of the local Wellsville Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses, who had had problems with a few local officials regarding such house-to-house ministry ever since 1979. In the early 1990’s, a local police officer chased a group of Witnesses out of town, stating: “I couldn’t care less about your rights.” The matter came to a head in 1998 when the mayor of Stratton personally confronted four of Jehovah’s Witnesses. They were driving out of the village after having returned there to speak with residents who had shown interest in having Bible-based discussions. According to one of the women who was confronted, the mayor stated that if they were men, he would put them in jail. The source of the latest conflict was a village ordinance “Regulating Uninvited Peddling and Solicitation Upon Private Property,” which required anyone wishing to engage in door-to-door activity to obtain a permit, at no cost, from the mayor. Jehovah’s Witnesses viewed this ordinance as an infringement of freedom of speech, free exercise of religion, and freedom of press. Therefore, they brought a lawsuit in federal court after the village refused to modify their enforcement of this ordinance. On July 27, 1999, a hearing was held before a U.S. district court judge for the Southern District of Ohio. He upheld the constitutionality of the village’s permit ordinance. Thereafter, on February 20, 2001, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit likewise affirmed the constitutionality of the ordinance. For the issue to be settled, the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York along with the local Wellsville Congregation of Jehovah’s Witnesses requested that the U.S. Supreme Court review the case. [Map/Picture on page 3] (For fully formatted text, see publication) Los Angeles New York OHIO Stratton

Young People Ask, Volume 1 (yp1) 2011

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp1

CHAPTER 36 Am I Addicted to Electronic Media? “I love, love, love texting! I think it’s the greatest thing ever. I guess you could say that it has taken over my life.”​—Alan. WHEN your parents entered their teens, TV and radio were the main forms of electronic media. Back then, phones were just phones​—they carried only voice transmissions and had to be connected to a wall outlet. Does that sound hopelessly old-fashioned? A girl named Anna would say so. “My parents grew up in the technological dark ages,” she says. “They’re just now figuring out how to use some of the features on their cell phone!” Today you can take a call, listen to music, watch a show, play a game, e-mail your friends, take a picture, and access the Internet​—all on a single device you can carry in your pocket. Because you’ve grown up with computers, cell phones, TV, and the Internet, you may think nothing of using them all the time. Your parents, though, may feel that you’re addicted. If they express concern, don’t write off their comments as being out of touch with reality. “When anyone is replying to a matter before he hears it,” said wise King Solomon, “that is foolishness on his part.”​—Proverbs 18:13. Do you wonder why your parents might be concerned? Take the test below to see if you show signs of addiction to some form of electronic media. Test Yourself​—‘Am I Addicted?’ One encyclopedia defines addiction as “habitual repetition of excessive behavior that a person is unable or unwilling to stop, despite its harmful consequences.” Look at the breakdown of that definition below. Read the quotes, and see if you have said or done anything similar. Then fill in your answers. Excessive behavior. “I would spend hours playing electronic games. They robbed me of sleep and dominated my conversations with others. I isolated myself from my family and became lost in the imaginary worlds of the games I played.”​—Andrew. In your opinion, how much time each day is it reasonable to spend using electronic media? ․․․․․ How much time do your parents think you should spend? ․․․․․ What is the total amount of time each day that you actually spend texting, watching TV, uploading pictures and comments onto a Web site, playing electronic games, and so on? ․․․․․ After looking at your answers above, would you say that your use of electronic media is excessive? □ Yes □ No Unable or unwilling to stop. “My parents see me texting all the time and tell me that I’m doing it too much. But compared to other kids my age, I hardly text at all. I mean, compared to my parents, sure, I text more than they do. But that’s like comparing apples to oranges​—they’re 40 and I’m 15.”​—Alan. Have your parents or friends said that you spend too much time on some form of electronic media? □ Yes □ No Have you been unwilling or unable to limit your use of that form of media? □ Yes □ No Harmful consequences. “My friends text all the time​—even while driving. How unsafe is that!”​—Julie. “When I first got my cell phone, I was always calling someone or texting someone. It was all I did. It damaged my relationship with my family and even with some of my friends. Now I notice that when I’m out with my friends and talking to them, they constantly interrupt and say: ‘Oh, hold on. I have to answer a text message.’ That’s one reason I’m not closer to those friends.”​—Shirley. Do you ever read text messages or send them while driving, when in class, or during Christian meetings? □ Yes □ No When you are conversing with family or friends, do you constantly interrupt to answer e-mails, phone calls, or text messages? □ Yes □ No Is your use of electronic media stealing time from needed sleep or distracting you from studying? □ Yes □ No Can you see the need to make some changes? If so, consider the following suggestions. How to Be Balanced If you use some form of electronic media​—whether a computer, a cell phone, or another device—​ask yourself the four questions below. Applying the Bible-based advice and following a few simple dos and don’ts will help you to stay safe and in control. ● What is the output? “Fill your minds with those things that are good and that deserve praise: things that are true, noble, right, pure, lovely, and honorable.”​—Philippians 4:8, Today’s English Version. ✔ Do keep in contact with friends and family and share upbuilding news and viewpoints.​—Proverbs 25:25; Ephesians 4:29. X Don’t spread harmful gossip, share immoral text messages or pictures, or watch immoral video clips or programs.​—Colossians 3:5; 1 Peter 4:15. ● When am I using it? “For everything there is an appointed time.”​—Ecclesiastes 3:1. ✔ Do set a limit on how much time you will spend sending and receiving calls and text messages, watching programs, or playing games. X Don’t allow your use of electronic media to interrupt time you have set aside to spend with friends and family, to study, or to engage in spiritual activities.​—Ephesians 5:15-17; Philippians 2:4. ● With whom am I associating? “Do not be misled. Bad associations spoil useful habits.”​—1 Corinthians 15:33. ✔ Do use electronic media to strengthen the ties you have with people who encourage you to develop good habits.​—Proverbs 22:17. X Don’t fool yourself​—you will adopt the standards, language, and thinking of those you choose to socialize with through e-mail, texting, TV, video, or the Internet.​—Proverbs 13:20. ● How much time am I spending? “Make sure of the more important things.”​—Philippians 1:10. ✔ Do keep track of how much time you spend using electronic media. X Don’t ignore the comments of your friends or the direction of your parents if they say that you’re spending too much time with some form of media.​—Proverbs 26:12. Speaking of using electronic media in a balanced way, Andrew, quoted earlier, sums up the matter well: “Electronics are fun, but only for a brief amount of time. I’ve learned not to allow technology to become a wedge that separates me from my family and friends.” READ MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC IN VOLUME 2, CHAPTER 30 IN OUR NEXT CHAPTERHow can you convince your parents to let you have some fun? KEY SCRIPTURE “Do not become wise in your own eyes. Fear Jehovah and turn away from bad.”​—Proverbs 3:7. TIP To control your use of the phone, let your friends know that you have blackout times when you will not immediately answer text messages, e-mails, or phone calls. DID YOU KNOW . . . ? Any pictures of yourself or comments about your activities that you post on a Web site today may still be accessible by potential employers and others many years from now. ACTION PLAN! If I develop a problem controlling my use of ․․․․․, I will resolve to spend only ․․․․․ a week using this form of media. What I would like to ask my parent(s) about this subject is ․․․․․ WHAT DO YOU THINK? ● Why might it be difficult for you to see that you are addicted to some form of electronic media? ● What might happen if you fail to control your use of electronic media? [Blurb on page 262] “Several things helped me to overcome my addiction to TV. I forced myself to limit the amount of time I spent. I constantly talked with my mom about my problem. And I prayed a lot too.”​—Kathleen [Picture on page 263] Do you control your electronic devices, or do they control you?

Young People Ask, Volume 2 (yp2) 2008

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp2

CHAPTER 7 What if I Hate the Way I Look? Are you often disappointed with the way you look? □ Yes □ No Have you ever considered resorting to cosmetic surgery or an extreme diet to correct a physical flaw? □ Yes □ No What physical feature(s) would you change about yourself if you could? (Circle those that apply.) Height Weight Body shape Hair Complexion Voice IF YOU answered yes to the first two questions and circled three or more features in the third, consider the bright side of the situation: There’s a good chance that others don’t see you as negatively as you see yourself. It’s easy to go overboard and worry about your appearance too much. In fact, one poll revealed that young women are often more afraid of putting on pounds than they are of nuclear war, of cancer, or even of losing their parents! There’s no doubt that how you look can affect how you view yourself​—and how you’re treated by others. “Growing up, my two older sisters were completely gorgeous, and I was the chubby one,” says 19-year-old Maritza. “I received plenty of ridicule in school. On top of that, my aunt nicknamed me Chubs, which was the name of her small and overweight dog!” Julie, 16, had a similar experience. “A girl at school teased me and said I had ‘bunny teeth.’ Even though it wasn’t a big deal, it still made me feel bad, and even now I’m uncomfortable with my teeth!” Concern or Obsession​—Which? It’s not wrong for you to be concerned about how you look. In fact, the Bible comments favorably on the physical appearance of a number of women and men, including Sarah, Rachel, Joseph, David, and Abigail. The Bible says that a woman named Abishag was “beautiful in the extreme.”​—1 Kings 1:4. However, many youths are obsessed with their appearance. Some girls, for example, believe that being attractive means being thin, and those superslim models in the slick magazine ads certainly seem to support that belief. Never mind that those stunning photos were airbrushed to perfection or enhanced on a computer and that those lithe specimens have to keep themselves in a state of near starvation to maintain their figure! Still, comparing yourself with what you see in magazines might leave you distraught. What if you’re genuinely unhappy about your appearance? First, you need to take a realistic look at yourself. A Distorted Image? Have you ever looked at yourself in a distorted mirror? The reflection might make you look bigger or smaller than you actually are. Either way, the view is inaccurate. Similarly, many youths have a distorted self-image. Consider this: In one study, 58 percent of girls claimed to be overweight, when, in fact, only 17 percent were. In another study, 45 percent of women who were actually underweight thought that they were too heavy! Some researchers say that most girls who are worried about their weight have no reason to be. That fact may provide little comfort, of course, if you truly have a stocky frame. If that’s so in your case, what could be the cause? Genes could play a role. Some people are thin and angular by nature. But if your genes have designated you to have a rounder figure and more body fat, you were simply not programmed to be thin. Even at your medically ideal weight, you’ll probably look heavier than you prefer. Exercise and diet can help, yet for the most part, you’re stuck with your inherited body shape. Another factor could be the normal changes of adolescence. At puberty a girl goes from having about 8 percent body fat to about 22 percent body fat. Often, such a situation changes over time, and a plump 11- or 12-year-old girl will emerge from puberty as a shapely teenager. On the other hand, what if your physique is the result of poor nutrition or a lack of exercise? What if you really need to lose weight for legitimate health reasons? A Balanced Approach The Bible speaks highly of being “moderate in habits.” (1 Timothy 3:11) So avoid skipping meals or going to extremes in dieting. Perhaps the best way to shed pounds is to adopt a plan of healthful eating and get a reasonable amount of exercise. There’s no need to resort to a fad diet. For example, diet pills may curb your appetite for a while; but the body quickly adjusts to them, and your appetite returns. Or your metabolism slows down, and you gain weight anyway​—not to mention the side effects some experience, such as dizziness, high blood pressure, anxiety attacks, and perhaps even addiction. Much the same can be said for pills that eliminate water or that speed up your metabolism. In contrast, a reasonable eating program, balanced with moderate but regular exercise, will help you look and feel your best. Moderate aerobics several times a week will work wonders for your health. Something as simple as a brisk walk or stair climbing may suffice. Beware of the Anorexia Trap! In their quest to lose weight, some youths have fallen victim to anorexia​—a life-threatening eating disorder that really amounts to self-starvation. Says Masami, after some four months of getting help for her anorexia: “When people tell me ‘you look well,’ I say to myself, ‘It must be because I’m getting fat.’ At times like that, I cry to myself and I think, ‘If only I could go back to my previous weight​—the weight I was four months ago!” Anorexia can develop innocently. A young girl might embark on a seemingly harmless diet, perhaps to lose just a few pounds. When she reaches her goal, however, she isn’t output. “I’m still too fat!” she declares as she stares disapprovingly at herself in the mirror. So she decides to lose just a few more pounds. Then just a few more. And a few more. The pattern is set, and the seeds of anorexia are sown. If you have symptoms of anorexia or any other eating disorder, you need to get help. Confide in a parent or another trusted adult. A Bible proverb states: “A true companion is loving all the time, and is a brother that is born for when there is distress.”​—Proverbs 17:17. Defining True Beauty On the whole, the Bible places very little emphasis on one’s physical appearance or bodily shape. Rather, it’s the inner person that truly makes one either attractive or not in the eyes of God.​—Proverbs 11:20, 22. Consider King David’s son Absalom. The Bible says: “There proved to be no man so beautiful in all Israel as to be praised so much. From the sole of his foot to the crown of his head there proved to be no defect in him.” (2 Samuel 14:25) Yet, this young man was treacherous. Pride and ambition impelled him to try to usurp the throne of Jehovah’s appointed king. The Bible, therefore, doesn’t paint a pretty picture of Absalom but, rather, portrays him as a man of shameless disloyalty and murderous hatred. The bottom line is that “Jehovah is making an estimate of hearts”​—not the size of a girl’s waistline or a boy’s biceps. (Proverbs 21:2) So while there’s nothing wrong with wanting to look good, far more important than your appearance is your personality. In the long run, spiritual qualities will make you more attractive to others than chiseled muscles or a flat stomach! READ MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC IN VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 10 IN OUR NEXT CHAPTERMany youths are afflicted with a chronic illness or disability. If that’s true of you, how can you cope with your situation? KEY SCRIPTURE “Man sees what appears to the eyes; but as for Jehovah, he sees what the heart is.”​—1 Samuel 16:7. TIP When you’re trying to lose weight . . . ● Don’t skip breakfast. If you do, the resulting hunger may actually cause you to eat more than you would otherwise. ● Drink a large glass of water before each meal. It will curb your appetite and help you control how much you eat. DID YOU KNOW . . . ? Some experts warn that if you starve yourself to shed pounds, your body may shift into “crisis mode,” slow down your metabolism, and quickly cause you to regain any weight you’ve lost! ACTION PLAN! I can take better care of my health by ․․․․․ For me, a reasonable program of exercise would include ․․․․․ What I would like to ask my parent(s) about this subject is ․․․․․ WHAT DO YOU THINK? ● How do you feel about the way you look? ● What are some reasonable steps you can take to improve your appearance? ● What would you say to a friend who has developed an eating disorder? ● How would you help a younger sibling acquire a balanced view of his or her appearance? [Blurb on page 69] “For a long time, I was teased about how big my eyes are. I learned to laugh but also to be confident in my personality and other strengths. I’ve come to terms with my appearance. I accept myself as I am.”​—Amber [Picture on page 68] Your perception of yourself can be just like the reflection in a distorted mirror

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Forgiveness How generously does Jehovah forgive? Ps 86:5; Da 9:9; Mic 7:18 See also 2Pe 3:9 Relevant Bible account(s): Ps 78:40, 41; 106:36-46​—Jehovah repeatedly forgives his wayward people, though their sinfulness causes him pain of heart Lu 15:11-32​—Jesus illustrates Jehovah’s forgiveness by describing a merciful father and his treatment of a wayward but repentant son On what basis does Jehovah offer forgiveness of sins? Joh 1:29; Eph 1:7; 1Jo 2:1, 2 Relevant Bible account(s): Heb 9:22-28​—The apostle Paul explains how Christ’s blood is the only provision for the forgiveness of sins Re 7:9, 10, 14, 15​—The apostle John sees in vision “a great crowd” who have a clean standing before God because of Christ’s shed blood If we want Jehovah to forgive us, what must we do when others sin against us? Mt 6:14, 15; Mr 11:25; Lu 17:3, 4; Jas 2:13 Relevant Bible account(s): Job 42:7-10​—Before Jehovah removes Job’s tribulation and restores him to health and prosperity, He requires that Job pray in behalf of his three misguided companions Mt 18:21-35​—Jesus vividly illustrates the importance of forgiving others if we ourselves want to be forgiven How important is confession and sincere repentance? Ac 3:19; 26:20; 1Jo 1:8-10 Relevant Bible account(s): Ps 32:1-5; 51:1, 2, 16, 17​—Because of his serious sins, King David feels crushed and brokenhearted, and he sincerely repents Jas 5:14-16​—James explains that if we commit a serious sin, we should go to the elders What changes must we make if we want Jehovah to forgive us? Pr 28:13; Isa 55:7; Eph 4:28 Relevant Bible account(s): 1Ki 21:27-29; 2Ch 18:18-22, 33, 34; 19:1, 2​—When King Ahab is judged, he humbles himself and Jehovah extends a measure of mercy to him; yet, he shows no evidence of real repentance, so Jehovah still sees him as wicked and has him put to death 2Ch 33:1-16​—King Manasseh is extremely wicked; yet, Jehovah forgives him when he repents. Manasseh shows that he is truly a changed man by fighting idolatry and promoting pure worship How complete is Jehovah’s forgiveness of repentant sinners? Ps 103:10-14; Isa 1:18; 38:17; Jer 31:34; Mic 7:19 Relevant Bible account(s): 2Sa 12:13; 24:1; 1Ki 9:4, 5​—Though David has committed very serious sins, Jehovah forgives the repentant king and later refers to him as a man of integrity How did Jesus perfectly reflect Jehovah’s readiness to forgive? Ps 86:5; Lu 23:33, 34 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 26:36, 40, 41​—Jesus’ closest followers fall asleep when he needs their support the most; nonetheless, Jesus kindly acknowledges their limitations Mt 26:69-75; Lu 24:33, 34; Ac 2:37-41​—Peter three times denies knowing Jesus, but Christ forgives his repentant apostle; Jesus appears to him personally after being resurrected and later gives him special privileges in the congregation How do we know that there is a limit to Jehovah’s forgiveness? Mt 12:31; Heb 10:26, 27; 1Jo 5:16, 17 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 23:29-33​—Jesus warns the scribes and Pharisees that as a group they will face the judgment of Gehenna, or permanent destruction Joh 17:12; Mr 14:21​—Jesus calls Judas Iscariot “the son of destruction” and says that this traitor would have been better off if he had not been born What can motivate Christians to be willing to forgive? Lu 17:3, 4; 1Co 13:4, 5; Eph 4:32; 5:1; Col 3:13

Young People Ask (yp) 1989

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp

Section 5 School and Work School, love it or hate it, is where you will probably spend about 12 years of your life. These can be years of drudgery or of discovery. Much depends upon how you use those school years. In this section we will therefore take an in-depth look at school, homework, grades, and teachers. And for those of you already out of school, we have some solid tips for survival in the job market.

Greatest Man (gt) 1991

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/gt

Chapter 58 The Loaves and the Leaven GREAT crowds have flocked to Jesus in the Decapolis. Many came a long way to this largely Gentile-populated region to listen to him and to be healed of their infirmities. They have brought with them large baskets, or hampers, that they customarily use to carry provisions when traveling through Gentile areas. Eventually, however, Jesus calls his disciples and says: “I feel pity for the crowd, because it is already three days that they have remained near me and they have nothing to eat; and if I should send them off to their homes fasting, they will give out on the road. Indeed, some of them are from far away.” “From where will anybody here in an isolated place be able to satisfy these people with loaves?” the disciples ask. Jesus inquires: “How many loaves have you?” “Seven,” they answer, “and a few little fishes.” Instructing the people to recline on the ground, Jesus takes the loaves and the fishes, prays to God, breaks them, and begins giving them to his disciples. They, in turn, serve the people, who all eat to satisfaction. Afterward, when the leftovers are picked up, there are seven provision baskets full, even though about 4,000 men, as well as women and children, have eaten! Jesus sends the crowds away, boards a boat with his disciples, and crosses to the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. Here the Pharisees, this time accompanied by members of the religious sect of the Sadducees, try to tempt Jesus by asking him to display a sign from heaven. Aware of their efforts to tempt him, Jesus replies: “When evening falls you are accustomed to say, ‘It will be fair weather, for the sky is fire-red’; and at morning, ‘It will be wintry, rainy weather today, for the sky is fire-red, but gloomy-looking.’ You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but the signs of the times you cannot interpret.” With that, Jesus calls them a wicked and adulterous generation and warns them that, as he told the Pharisees earlier, no sign will be given them except the sign of Jonah. Departing, he and his disciples get in a boat and head toward Bethsaida on the northeast shore of the Sea of Galilee. En route the disciples discover that they have forgotten to bring bread, there being but one loaf among them. Having in mind his recent encounter with the Pharisees and the Sadducean supporters of Herod, Jesus admonishes: “Keep your eyes open, look out for the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod.” Evidently the mention of leaven makes the disciples think that Jesus is referring to their forgetting to bring bread, so they begin to argue about the matter. Noting their misunderstanding, Jesus says: “Why do you argue over your having no loaves?” Recently, Jesus had miraculously provided bread for thousands of people, performing this last miracle perhaps only a day or two before. They should know that he is not concerned about a lack of literal loaves. “Do you not remember,” he reminds them, “when I broke the five loaves for the five thousand men, how many baskets full of fragments you took up?” “Twelve,” they reply. “When I broke the seven for the four thousand men, how many provision baskets full of fragments did you take up?” “Seven,” they answer. “Do you not yet get the meaning?” Jesus asks. “How is it you do not discern that I did not talk to you about loaves? But watch out for the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” The disciples finally get the point. Leaven, a substance to cause fermentation and make bread rise, was a word used to denote corruption. So now the disciples understand that Jesus is using a symbolism, that he is warning them to be on guard against “the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees,” which teaching has a corrupting effect. Mark 8:1-21; Matthew 15:32–16:12. ▪ Why do people have large provision baskets with them? ▪ After leaving the Decapolis, what boat trips does Jesus take? ▪ What misunderstanding do the disciples have regarding Jesus’ comment about leaven? ▪ What does Jesus mean by the expression “the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees”?

Bible Topics (td) 1997

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/bible-topics-td

Names and Abbreviations of Books in the Bible Genesis Ge Exodus Ex Leviticus Le Numbers Nu Deuteronomy De Joshua Jos Judges Jg Ruth Ru 1 Samuel 1Sa 2 Samuel 2Sa 1 Kings 1Ki 2 Kings 2Ki 1 Chronicles 1Ch 2 Chronicles 2Ch Ezra Ezr Nehemiah Ne Esther Es Job Job Psalms Ps Proverbs Pr Ecclesiastes Ec Song of Solomon Ca Isaiah Isa Jeremiah Jer Lamentations La Ezekiel Eze Daniel Da Hosea Ho Joel Joe Amos Am Obadiah Ob Jonah Jon Micah Mic Nahum Na Habakkuk Hab Zephaniah Zep Haggai Hag Zechariah Zec Malachi Mal Matthew Mt Mark Mr Luke Lu John Joh Acts Ac Romans Ro 1 Corinthians 1Co 2 Corinthians 2Co Galatians Ga Ephesians Eph Philippians Php Colossians Col 1 Thessalonians 1Th 2 Thessalonians 2Th 1 Timothy 1Ti 2 Timothy 2Ti Titus Tit Philemon Phm Hebrews Heb James Jas 1 Peter 1Pe 2 Peter 2Pe 1 John 1Jo 2 John 2Jo 3 John 3Jo Jude Jude Revelation Re

“Look!” booklet (mn) 1970

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/look-booklet-mn

The Truth That Leads to Eternal Life The Truth That Leads to Eternal Life Over 16,000,000 copies printed in less than a year after its release, and its circulation is still growing. Available in many languages. This excellent Bible handbook will help you continue to progress on the road that leads to eternal life. (Matthew 7:14) It contains an easy-to-understand presentation of what the Bible is all about. Its 22 chapters and 192 pages take you in logical order through the basic teachings of God’s Word, the Bible. A copy will be sent to you for only 25c.

Divine Name (na) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/divine-name-na

The Divine Name Through the Ages JEHOVAH God wants man to know and use his name. This is evident from the fact that He revealed His name to the very first two persons on earth. We know that Adam and Eve were familiar with God’s name because after Eve gave birth to Cain, according to the original Hebrew text, she said: “I have produced a man with the aid of Jehovah.”​—Genesis 4:1. Later we read that faithful men like Enoch and Noah “walked with the true God.” (Genesis 5:24; 6:9) They also, then, must have known God’s name. The name survived the great Flood with the righteous man Noah and his family. In spite of the great rebellion some time later at Babel, true servants of God kept on using his name. It appears hundreds of times in the laws that God gave to Israel. In the book of Deuteronomy alone, it appears 551 times. In the days of the judges, the Israelites evidently did not shy away from using God’s name. They even used it in greeting one another. We read (in the original Hebrew) of Boaz greeting his harvesters: “Jehovah be with you.” They returned his greeting by saying: “Jehovah bless you.”​—Ruth 2:4. Throughout the history of the Israelites right up until the time that they returned to Judah after their captivity in Babylon, Jehovah’s name continued in common usage. King David, a man agreeable to God’s own heart, used the divine name extensively​—it appears hundreds of times in the psalms that he wrote. (Acts 13:22) God’s name was also incorporated in many Israelite personal names. Thus we read of Adonijah (“My Lord Is Jah”​—“Jah” is a shortened form of Jehovah), Isaiah (“Salvation of Jehovah”), Jonathan (“Jehovah Has Given”), Micah (“Who is like Jah?”) and Joshua (“Jehovah Is Salvation”). Outside the Bible There is also evidence from sources outside the Bible of the extensive use of the divine name in ancient times. In 1961 an ancient burial cave was uncovered a short distance to the southwest of Jerusalem, according to a report in the Israel Exploration Journal (Volume 13, No. 2). On its walls were Hebrew inscriptions that appear to date from the second half of the eighth century B.C.E. The inscriptions contain statements such as “Jehovah is the God of the whole earth.” In 1966 a report was published in the Israel Exploration Journal (Volume 16, No. 1) about pottery fragments with Hebrew writing on them that were found in Arad, in southern Israel. These were written in the second half of the seventh century B.C.E. One of them was a private letter to a man named Eliashib. The letter begins: “To my lord Eliashib: May Jehovah ask for your peace.” And it ends: “He dwells in the house of Jehovah.” In 1975 and 1976, archaeologists working in the Negeb uncovered a collection of Hebrew and Phoenician inscriptions on plaster walls, large storage jars and stone vessels. The inscriptions included the Hebrew word for God, as well as God’s name, YHWH, in Hebrew letters. In Jerusalem itself, there was recently discovered a small, rolled-up strip of silver, apparently dating from before the Babylonian exile. Researchers say that when it was unrolled, the name of Jehovah in Hebrew was found to be written on it.​—Biblical Archaeology Review, March/​April 1983, page 18. Another example of the use of God’s name is found in the so-called Lachish Letters. These letters, written on potsherds, were found between the years 1935 and 1938 in the ruins of Lachish, a fortified city that figured prominently in Israel’s history. They appear to have been written by an officer at a Judean outpost to his superior, named Yaosh, at Lachish, apparently during the war between Israel and Babylon toward the end of the seventh century B.C.E. Of the eight legible shards, seven begin their message with a salutation such as: “May Jehovah cause my lord to see this season in good health!” Altogether, God’s name appears 11 times in the seven messages, clearly indicating that the name of Jehovah enjoyed everyday usage toward the end of the seventh century B.C.E. Even pagan rulers knew and used the divine name when referring to the God of the Israelites. Thus, on the Moabite Stone, King Mesha of Moab boasts of his military exploits against Israel and, among other things, states: “Chemosh said to me, ‘Go, take Nebo from Israel!’ So I went by night and fought against it from the break of dawn until noon, taking it and slaying all . . . And I took from there the [vessels] of Jehovah, dragging them before Chemosh.” In reference to these non-Biblical uses of the name of God, the Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament (Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament), in Volume 3, column 538, says: “Thus some 19 documentary evidences of the Tetragrammaton in the form jhwh testify in this regard to the reliability of the M[asoretic] T[ext]; more can be expected, above all from the Arad-Archives.”​—Translated from German. God’s Name Not Forgotten This familiarity with and use of God’s name continued right up to the days of Malachi, who lived about 400 years before Jesus’ time. In the Bible book bearing his name, Malachi gives great prominence to the divine name, using it altogether 48 times. As time went on, many Jews came to live far from the land of Israel, and some could no longer read the Bible in the Hebrew language. Hence, in the third century B.C.E., a start was made in translating the part of the Bible that existed then (the “Old Testament”) into Greek, the new international language. But the name of God was not neglected. The translators retained it, writing it in its Hebrew form. Ancient copies of the Greek Septuagint that have been preserved to our day testify to that. What, though, was the situation when Jesus walked the earth? How can we know whether he and his apostles used God’s name? [Picture on page 12] In this letter, written on a fragment of pottery in the second half of the seventh century B.C.E., God’s name appears twice. [Credit Line] (Picture by courtesy of the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums) [Pictures on page 13] God’s name is also found in the Lachish Letters and on the Moabite Stone

An Expedition up the Maroni River

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502019287

An Expedition up the Maroni River Far from the hustle and bustle of city life, people of various tribes, languages, and nations live in the Amazon rain forest of South America. So in July 2017, a group of 13 of Jehovah’s Witnesses set off on an expedition up the Maroni River and its eastern tributaries in French Guiana. Their goal? To take the Bible’s message of hope to people who live along the river. Preparing for the Expedition One month before the 12-day expedition began, all participants attended a planning meeting. “We learned about the area and its history, and we also considered how to prepare ourselves for the journey,” recalls Winsley. Each participant was equipped with a watertight container in which to place a hammock and a mosquito net. The trip involved two flights and many hours of travel in dugout canoes. Claude and Lisette How did those selected feel about the invitation? Claude and Lisette, who are of retirement age, jumped at the chance. “I was overjoyed, but a little afraid,” says Claude. “I had heard a lot about the dangerous river rapids.” Lisette had her own concern: “I wondered how I would be able to speak in Amerindian languages,” she says. A participant named Mickaël felt similarly. “We didn’t know much about the Wayana tribe,” he says, “so I did some research on the Internet to learn a few words and to greet people in their language.” Shirley, who traveled with her husband, Johann, made a list of the languages spoken along the river. “We downloaded videos from jw.org in most of those languages and obtained a basic phrase book in Wayana,” she says. Reaching Amerindian Country On Tuesday, July 4, the group boarded an airplane in Saint-Laurent du Maroni and flew to Maripasoula, a small town deep in the interior of French Guiana. Over the next four days, the group reached out to the inhabitants of villages along the upper branches of the Maroni, traveling in powered dugout canoes called pirogues. “We found the Amerindians to be deeply interested in Scriptural topics,” says Roland, one of the members of the group. “They have many questions, and some wanted us to study the Bible with them.” In one village, Johann and Shirley met a young couple whose relative had recently taken her own life. “We showed them the video A Native American Finds His Creator,” on JW Broadcasting, reports Johann. “The young couple were very touched by this video. They gave us their e-mail address because they wanted to keep in contact with us.” The farthest destination visited upriver was Antécume Pata. There, the village chief allowed the tired Witnesses to string up their hammocks in a communal area. They also bathed in the river, as the locals do. From there, the group navigated to the village of Twenké, where they found the inhabitants mourning the loss of a loved one. “The ‛Grand Man,’ the tribal chief, allowed us to move about freely in the village to comfort those who were grieving,” says Éric, one of the expedition organizers. “The chief and his family appreciated the texts that we read to them from a Wayana Bible. We also showed videos depicting the Bible’s promise of a resurrection.” On to Grand-Santi and Apatou The next stage of the expedition was a half-hour flight downriver from Maripasoula to the small town of Grand-Santi. On Tuesday and Wednesday, the expedition members shared the Bible’s message with the local population. On Thursday, the Witnesses embarked on yet another journey—a five-and-a-half-hour trip down the Maroni River to the village of Apatou. The Maroni River and the Amazon rain forest between Maripasoula and Grand-Santi On the next-to-last day of the expedition, the team visited the forest villages of the Maroons, descendants of African slaves who were brought to South America during the colonial period of neighboring Suriname. The Witnesses invited everyone to a meeting in the forest in a large tent that was set up especially for the occasion. “Our hearts were filled with joy when a great number of people came,” says Claude. “We had invited them just that morning!” Karsten, who was on his first expedition to the interior, gave a public talk in Aukan eninputd “Is This Life All There Is?” Ninety-one people from several villages attended the meeting. “We Are Ready to Do It Again!” Finally, the expedition members returned to Saint-Laurent du Maroni. All were overwhelmed by the positive response of the inhabitants, who accepted numerous publications and watched dozens of videos produced by Jehovah’s Witnesses. “I have no words to describe how happy I am to have gone on this expedition,” says Lisette. Cindy agrees: “If I could do it again, I would beg for the chance. You have to experience this joy to understand it!” The expedition kindled a desire in some participants to return. “We are ready to do it again!” says Mickaël. Winsley has moved to Saint-Laurent du Maroni. Claude and Lisette, both in their 60’s, decided to move to Apatou.

Variety of Flowers

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101971008

Variety of Flowers There are about 200,000 known kinds of flowers on earth. They range in size from water blossoms so small they can be seen only with a microscope, to tropical flowers that are three feet wide. Some kinds of flowers have petals. Others look like stars, saucers or balloons. Some even have shapes that resemble insects, spiders or birds. Many flowers have smells that attract the birds or insects that help fertilize them.

Mankind’s Search for God (sh) 1990

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/sh

Chapter 7 Taoism and Confucianism​—A Search for Heaven’s Way Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism constitute the three major religions of China and the Far East. Unlike Buddhism, however, Taoism and Confucianism have not become world religions but have basically remained in China and wherever Chinese culture has asserted its influence. Though no official figures of the current number of their followers in China are available, Taoism and Confucianism together have dominated the religious life of nearly one quarter of the world’s population for the past 2,000 years. 1. (Include introduction.) (a) Where are Taoism and Confucianism practiced, and how extensive are they? (b) To what time period do we now turn to examine these teachings? ‘LET a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools contend.’ That saying, made famous by Mao Tse-tung of the People’s Republic of China in a speech in 1956, was actually a paraphrase of the expression that Chinese scholars have used to describe the era in China from the fifth to the third centuries B.C.E., called the Warring States period. By this time the mighty Chou dynasty (c. 1122-256 B.C.E.) had deteriorated into a system of loosely bound feudal states that were engaged in continuous warfare, much to the distress of the common people. 2. (a) What led to the “hundred schools” of thought? (b) What remains of the “hundred schools” development? 2 The turmoil and suffering brought about by the wars seriously weakened the authority of the traditional ruling class. The common people were no longer output with submitting themselves to the whims and wiles of the aristocracy and silently suffering the consequences. As a result, long-suppressed ideas and aspirations burst forth like “a hundred flowers.” Different schools of thought advanced their ideas on government, law, social order, conduct, and ethics, as well as on subjects such as agriculture, music, and literature, as the means for restoring some normalcy to life. They came to be known as the “hundred schools.” Most of them did not produce a lasting effect. Two schools, however, gained such prominence that they have influenced life in China for over 2,000 years. They were what eventually came to be known as Taoism and Confucianism. Tao​—What Is It? 3. (a) What is the Chinese concept of Tao? (b) Instead of a Creator, what did the Chinese believe was the cause of all things? (Compare Hebrews 3:4.) 3 To understand why Taoism (pronounced dow-ism; rhymes with now) and Confucianism came to wield such a deep and lasting influence on the Chinese people, as well as on those of Japan, Korea, and other surrounding nations, it is necessary to have some understanding of the fundamental Chinese concept of Tao. The word itself means “way, road, or path.” By extension, it can also mean “method, principle, or doctrine.” To the Chinese, the harmony and orderliness they perceived in the universe were manifestations of Tao, a sort of divine will or legislation existing in and regulating the universe. In other words, instead of believing in a Creator God, who controls the universe, they believed in a providence, a will of heaven, or simply heaven itself as the cause of everything. 4. How did the Chinese apply the concept of Tao to human affairs? (Compare Proverbs 3:5, 6.) 4 Applying the concept of Tao to human affairs, the Chinese believed that there is a natural and correct way to do everything and that everything and everyone has its proper place and its proper function. They believed, for example, that if the ruler performed his duty by dealing justly with the people and looking after the sacrificial rituals pertaining to heaven, there would be peace and prosperity for the nation. Similarly, if people were willing to seek out the way, or Tao, and follow it, everything would be harmonious, peaceful, and effective. But if they were to go contrary to or resist it, the result would be chaos and disaster. 5. (a) What is Taoism’s approach to Tao? (b) What is Confucianism’s approach to Tao? (c) What questions need to be answered? 5 This idea of going with Tao and not interfering with its flow is a central element of Chinese philosophical and religious thinking. It may be said that Taoism and Confucianism are two different expressions of the same concept. Taoism takes a mystical approach and, in its original form, advocates inaction, quietness, and passivity, shunning society and returning to nature. Its basic idea is that everything will come out right if people will sit back, do nothing, and let nature take its course. Confucianism, on the other hand, takes a pragmatic approach. It teaches that social order will be maintained when every person plays his intended role and does his duty. To that end, it codifies all human and social relationships​—ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, and so on—​and provides guidelines for all of them. Naturally, this brings up the following questions: How did these two systems come into existence? Who were their founders? How are they practiced today? And what have they done as far as man’s search for God is concerned? Taoism​—A Philosophical Start 6. (a) What is known about the founder of Taoism? (b) How did the founder of Taoism come to be known as Lao-tzu? 6 In its early stages, Taoism was more a philosophy than a religion. Its founder, Lao-tzu, was dissatisfied with the chaos and turmoil of the times and sought relief by shunning society and returning to nature. Not a great deal is known about the man, who is said to have lived in the sixth century B.C.E., although even that is uncertain. He was commonly called Lao-tzu, which means “Old Master” or “Old One,” because, as legend has it, his pregnant mother carried him for so long that when he was born, his hair had already turned white. 7. What do we learn about Lao-tzu from “Historical Records”? 7 The only official record about Lao-tzu is in Shih Chi (Historical Records), by Ssu-ma Ch’ien, a respected court historian of the second and first centuries B.C.E. According to this source, Lao-tzu’s real name was Li Erh. He served as a clerk in the imperial archives at Loyang, central China. But more significantly, it gives this account about Lao-tzu: “Lao Tzu resided in Chou most of his life. When he foresaw the decay of Chou, he departed and came to the frontier. The custom-house officer Yin Hsi said: ‘Sir, since it pleases you to retire, I request you for my sake to write a book.’ Thereupon Lao Tzu wrote a book of two parts consisting of five thousand and odd words, in which he discussed the concepts of the Way [Tao] and the Power [Te]. Then he departed. No one knows where he died.” 8. (a) What book was Lao-tzu said to have produced? (b) Why is the book subject to many different interpretations? 8 Many scholars doubt the authenticity of this account. In any case, the book that was produced is known as Tao Te Ching (generally translated “The Classic of the Way and the Power”) and is considered the principal text of Taoism. It is written in terse, cryptic verses, some of which are only three or four words long. Because of this and because the meaning of some characters has changed considerably since the time of Lao-tzu, the book is subject to many different interpretations. A Glimpse of “Tao Te Ching” 9. How did Lao-tzu describe Tao in Tao Te Ching? 9 In Tao Te Ching, Lao-tzu expounded on Tao, the ultimate way of nature, and applied it to every level of human activity. Here we quote from a modern translation by Gia-fu Feng and Jane English to get a glimpse of Tao Te Ching. Regarding Tao, it says the following: “[There was] something mysteriously formed,Born before heaven and earth. . . .Perhaps it is the mother of ten thousand things.I do not know its name.Call it Tao.”​—Chapter 25. “All things arise from Tao.They are nourished by Virtue [Te].They are formed from matter.They are shaped by environment.Thus the ten thousand things all respect Tao and honor Virtue [Te].”​—Chapter 51. 10. (a) What is the objective of Taoism? (b) How is this Taoist view applied to human conduct? 10 What can we deduce from these enigmatic passages? That to Taoists, Tao is some mysterious cosmic force that is responsible for the material universe. The objective of Taoism is to search out the Tao, leave behind the world, and become at one with nature. This concept is also reflected in the Taoists’ view on human conduct. Here is an expression of this ideal in Tao Te Ching: “Better stop short than fill to the brim.Oversharpen the blade, and the edge will soon blunt.Amass a store of gold and jade, and no one can protect it.Claim wealth and inputs, and disaster will follow.Retire when the work is done.This is the way of heaven.”​—Chapter 9. 11. How can the Taoist ideal be described? 11 These few examples show that at least initially, Taoism was basically a school of philosophy. Reacting to the injustices, suffering, devastation, and futility that resulted from the harsh rule of the feudal system of the time, Taoists believed that the way to find peace and harmony was to go back to the tradition of the ancients before there were kings and ministers who dominated the common people. Their ideal was to live the tranquil, rural life, in union with nature.​—Proverbs 28:15; 29:2. Taoism’s Second Sage 12. (a) Who was Chuang Chou? (b) What did he add to Lao-tzu’s original teachings? 12 The philosophy of Lao-tzu was carried one step further by Chuang Chou, or Chuang-tzu, meaning “Master Chuang” (369-286 B.C.E.), who was considered the most eminent successor to Lao-tzu. In his book, Chuang Tzu, he not only elaborated on the Tao but also expounded on the ideas of yin and yang, first developed in the I Ching. (See page 83.) In his view, nothing is really permanent or absolute, but everything is in a state of flux between two opposites. In the chapter “Autumn Flood,” he wrote: “Nothing in the universe is permanent, as everything lives only long enough to die. Only Tao, having no beginning or end, lasts forever. . . . Life can be likened to a fleet horse galloping at full speed​—it changes constantly and continuously, in every fraction of a second. What should you do? What should you not do? It really does not make any difference.” 13. (a) With Chuang-tzu’s elaboration, what is the Taoist view of life? (b) What dream of Chuang-tzu’s is best remembered? 13 Because of this philosophy of inertia, the Taoist view is that there is no point in anyone doing anything to interfere with what nature has set in motion. Sooner or later, everything will return to its opposite. No matter how unbearable a situation is, it will soon become better. No matter how pleasant a situation is, it will soon fade away. (In contrast, see Ecclesiastes 5:18, 19.) This philosophical view of life is typified in a dream of Chuang-tzu’s by which the common folk best remember him: “Once Chuang Chou dreamt he was a butterfly, a butterfly flitting and fluttering about, happy with himself and doing as he pleased. He didn’t know he was Chuang Chou. Suddenly he woke up and there he was, solid and unmistakable Chuang Chou. But he didn’t know if he was Chuang Chou who had dreamt he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming he was Chuang Chou.” 14. In what fields is the Taoist influence reflected? 14 The influence of this philosophy is seen in the style of the poetry and painting developed by Chinese artists of later generations. (See page 171.) Taoism, however, was not to remain as a passive philosophy for long. From Philosophy to Religion 15. (a) To what idea did the fascination with nature lead the Taoists? (b) What statements in Tao Te Ching contributed to such an idea? 15 In their attempt to be at one with nature, Taoists became obsessed with its agelessness and resilience. They speculated that perhaps by living in harmony with Tao, or nature’s way, one could somehow tap into the secrets of nature and become immune to physical harm, diseases, and even death. Although Lao-tzu did not make this an issue, passages in Tao Te Ching seemed to suggest this idea. For example, chapter 16 says: “Being at one with the Tao is eternal. And though the body dies, the Tao will never pass away.”a 16. How did the writings of Chuang-tzu add to the magical beliefs of Taoism? 16 Chuang-tzu also contributed to such speculations. For instance, in a dialogue in Chuang Tzu, one mythical character asked another, “You are of a high age, and yet you have a child’s complexion. How is this?” The latter replied: “I have learnt Tao.” Regarding another Taoist philosopher, Chuang-tzu wrote: “Now Liehtse could ride upon the wind. Sailing happily in the cool breeze, he would go on for fifteen days before his return. Among mortals who attain happiness, such a man is rare.” 17. What Taoist practices resulted from earlier speculations, and what was the outcome? (Compare Romans 6:23; 8:6, 13.) 17 Stories like these fired the imagination of Taoists, and they started to experiment with meditation, dieting, and breathing exercises that supposedly could delay bodily decay and death. Soon, legends began to circulate about immortals who could fly on clouds and appear and disappear at will and who lived on sacred mountains or remote islands for countless years, sustained by dew or magical fruits. Chinese history reports that in 219 B.C.E., the Ch’in emperor, Shih Huang-Ti, sent a fleet of ships with 3,000 boys and girls to find the legendary island of P’eng-lai, the abode of the immortals, to bring back the herb of immortality. Needless to say, they did not return with the elixir, but tradition says that they populated the islands that came to be known as Japan. 18. (a) What is the Taoist idea behind ‘immortality pills’? (b) What other magical practices were developed by Taoism? 18 During the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.), the magical practices of Taoism reached a new peak. It was said that Emperor Wu Ti, though promoting Confucianism as the official State teaching, was much attracted to the Taoist idea of physical immortality. He was particularly taken up with concocting ‘immortality pills’ by alchemy. In the Taoist view, life results when the opposing yin and yang (female and male) forces combine. Thus, by fusing lead (dark, or yin) and mercury (bright, or yang), the alchemists were imitating the process of nature, and the product, they thought, would be an immortality pill. Taoists also developed Yogalike exercises, breath-control techniques, dietary restrictions, and sexual practices that were believed to strengthen one’s vital energy and prolong one’s life. Their paraphernalia included magic talismans that were said to render one invisible and invulnerable to weapons or enable one to walk on water or fly through space. They also had magic seals, usually containing the yin-yang symbol, affixed on buildings and over doorways to repel evil spirits and wild beasts. 19. How did Taoism become organized? 19 By the second century C.E., Taoism became organized. A certain Chang Ling, or Chang Tao-ling, established a Taoist secret society in western China and practiced magical cures and alchemy. Because each member was levied a fee of five pecks of rice, his movement came to be known as the Five-Pecks-of-Rice Taoism (wu-tou-mi tao).b Claiming that he received a personal revelation from Lao-tzu, Chang became the first “celestial master.” Finally, it was said that he succeeded in making the elixir of life and ascended alive to heaven, riding a tiger, from Mount Lung-hu (Dragon-Tiger Mountain) in Kiangsi Province. With Chang Tao-ling there started a centuries-long succession of Taoist “celestial masters,” each said to be a reincarnation of Chang. Meeting the Challenge of Buddhism 20. How did Taoism attempt to counteract Buddhism’s influence? 20 By the seventh century, during the T’ang dynasty (618-907 C.E.), Buddhism was making inroads into Chinese religious life. As a countermeasure, Taoism promoted itself as a religion with Chinese roots. Lao-tzu was deified, and Taoist writings were canonized. Temples, monasteries, and nunneries were built, and orders of monks and nuns were established, more or less in the Buddhist fashion. In addition, Taoism also adopted into its own pantheon many of the gods, goddesses, fairies, and immortals of Chinese folklore, such as the Eight Immortals (Pa Hsien), the god of the hearth (Tsao Shen), city gods (Ch’eng Huang), and guardians of the door (Men Shen). The result was an amalgam embracing elements of Buddhism, traditional superstitions, spiritism, and ancestor worship.​—1 Corinthians 8:5. 21. Eventually, into what did Taoism transform itself, and how? 21 As time wore on, Taoism slowly degenerated into a system of idolatry and superstition. Each person simply worshiped his favorite gods and goddesses at the local temples, petitioning them for protection against evil and for help in attaining earthly fortune. The priests were for hire to conduct funerals; select favorable sites for graves, houses, and businesses; communicate with the dead; ward off evil spirits and ghosts; celebrate festivals; and perform sundry other rituals. Thus, what started off as a school of mystic philosophy had transformed itself into a religion deeply mired in belief in immortal spirits, hellfire, and demigods​—ideas drawn from the stagnant pool of false beliefs of ancient Babylon. China’s Other Prominent Sage 22. What school of thought came to dominance in China, and what questions do we need to consider? 22 While we have traced the rise, development, and decay of Taoism, we should recall that it was just one of the “hundred schools” that blossomed in China during the period of the Warring States. Another school that eventually came to prominence, in fact, dominance, was Confucianism. But why did Confucianism come to such prominence? Of all Chinese sages, Confucius is undoubtedly the best-known outside of China, but who really was he? And what did he teach? 23. What personal details regarding Confucius are given in the “Historical Records”? 23 Regarding Confucius, we again turn to the Shih Chi (Historical Records) of Ssu-ma Ch’ien. In contrast to the brief sketch on Lao-tzu, we find an extended biography of Confucius. Here are some personal details quoted from a translation by the Chinese scholar Lin Yutang: “Confucius was born in the town of Tsou, in the county of Ch’angping, in the country of Lu. . . . [His mother] prayed at the hill Nich’iu and begat Confucius in answer to her prayer, in the twenty-second year of Duke Hsiang of Lu (551 B.C.). There was a noticeable convolution on his head at his birth, and that was why he was called ‘Ch’iu’ (meaning a “hill”). His literary name was Chungni, and his surname was K’ung.”c 24. What happened during the early life of Confucius? 24 Shortly after his birth, his father died, but his mother, though poor, managed to provide him with a proper education. The boy developed a keen interest in history, poetry, and music. According to The Analects, one of the Confucian Four Books, he devoted himself to scholarly study when he reached age 15. At age 17, he was given a minor government post in his native state of Lu. 25. How did the death of Confucius’ mother affect him? (Compare Ecclesiastes 9:5, 6; John 11:33, 35.) 25 His financial status apparently improved, so that he married at the age of 19 and had a son the next year. In his middle 20’s, however, his mother died. That evidently had quite an effect on him. Being a meticulous observer of ancient traditions, Confucius retired from public life and mourned his mother at her grave for 27 months, thus furnishing the Chinese with a classic example of filial piety. Confucius the Teacher 26. What profession did Confucius take up after the death of his mother? 26 Thereafter, he left his family and took up the occupation of a wandering teacher. The subjects he taught included music, poetry, literature, civics, ethics, and science, or what there was of it at that time. He must have made quite a name for himself, for it was said that at one time he had as many as 3,000 students. 27. What is known about Confucius as a teacher? (Compare Matthew 6:26, 28; 9:16, 17; Luke 12:54-57; John 4:35-38.) 27 In the Orient, Confucius is revered principally as a master teacher. In fact the epitaph on his grave in Ch’ü-fou, Shantung Province, reads simply “Ancient, Most Holy Teacher.” One Western writer describes his teaching method this way: “He walked about from ‘place to place accompanied by those who were absorbing his views of life.’ Whenever the journey took them any distance he rode in an ox cart. The slow pace of the animal enabled his pupils to follow on foot, and it is evident that the subject of his lectures was frequently suggested by events occurring on the road.” Interestingly, Jesus at a later date, and independently, used a similar method. 28. According to the Chinese writer Lin Yutang, what made Confucius an honored teacher? 28 What made Confucius an honored teacher among the Orientals, no doubt, was the fact that he was a good student himself, especially of history and ethics. “People were attracted to Confucius, less because he was the wisest man of his time, than because he was the most learned scholar, the only one of his day who could teach them about the ancient books and ancient scholarship,” wrote Lin Yutang. Pointing to this love of learning as perhaps the key reason Confucianism triumphed over other schools of thought, Lin summarized the matter this way: “The Confucian teachers had something definite to teach and the Confucian pupils had something definite to learn, namely, historical learning, while the other schools were forced to air merely their own opinions.” “It Is Heaven That Knows Me!” 29. (a) What was Confucius’ real ambition in life? (b) How did he try to achieve his ambition, and with what result? 29 In spite of his success as a teacher, Confucius did not consider teaching to be his lifework. He felt that his ideas on ethics and morals could save the troubled world of his day if only the rulers would apply them by employing him or his pupils in their governments. To this end, he and a small group of his closest disciples left his native state of Lu and went traveling from state to state trying to find the wise ruler who would adopt his ideas on government and social order. What was the outcome? Shih Chi states: “Finally he left Lu, was abandoned in Ch’i, was driven out of Sung and Wei, suffered want between Ch’en and Ts’ai.” After 14 years on the road, he returned to Lu, disappointed but not broken. 30. What literary works form the basis of Confucianism? 30 For the remainder of his days, he devoted himself to literary work and teaching. (See box, page 177.) Though undoubtedly he lamented his obscurity, he said: “I do not murmur against Heaven. I do not grumble against man. I pursue my studies here on earth, and am in touch with Heaven above. It is Heaven that knows me!” Finally, in the year 479 B.C.E., he died at the age of 73. The Essence of Confucian Ideas 31. What did Confucius teach was the way to achieve social order? 31 Although Confucius excelled as a scholar and as a teacher, his influence was by no means limited to scholastic circles. In fact, the aim of Confucius was not just to teach rules of conduct or morals but also to restore peace and order to society, which was, at the time, torn apart by the constant warfare between the feudal lords. To achieve that goal, Confucius taught that everyone, from the emperor to the common folk, must learn what role he was expected to play in society and live accordingly. 32, 33. (a) What was the Confucian concept of li? (b) According to Confucius, what would be the result of practicing li? 32 In Confucianism this concept is known as li, which means propriety, courtesy, the order of things, and, by extension, ritual, ceremony, and reverence. In answer to the question, “What is this great li?” Confucius gave the following explanation: “Of all the things that the people live by, li is the greatest. Without li, we do not know how to conduct a proper worship of the spirits of the universe; or how to establish the proper status of the king and the ministers, the ruler and the ruled, and the elders and the juniors; or how to establish the moral relationships between the sexes, between parents and children and between brothers; or how to distinguish the different degrees of relationships in the family. That is why a gentleman holds li in such high regard.” 33 Hence, li is the rule of conduct by which a true gentleman (chün-tzu, sometimes translated “superior man”) carries out all his social relations. When everyone endeavors to do so, “everything becomes right in the family, the state and the world,” said Confucius, and that is when Tao, or heaven’s way, is done. But how is li to be expressed? That takes us to another of the central concepts of Confucianism​—jen (pronounced ren), humaneness or human-heartedness. 34. What is the Confucian concept of jen, and how does it help in dealing with social ills? 34 While li emphasizes restraint by external rules, jen deals with human nature, or the inner person. The Confucian concept, especially as expressed by Confucius’ principal disciple, Mencius, is that human nature is basically good. Thus, the solution to all social ills lies in self-cultivation, and that starts with education and knowledge. The opening chapter of The Great Learning says: “When true knowledge is achieved, then the will becomes sincere; when the will is sincere, then the heart is set right . . . ; when the heart is set right, then the personal life is cultivated; when the personal life is cultivated, then the family life is regulated; when the family life is regulated, then the national life is orderly; and when the national life is orderly, then there is peace in this world. From the emperor down to the common men, all must regard the cultivation of the personal life as the root or foundation.” 35. (a) How can the principles of li and jen be summarized? (b) How is all of this reflected in the Chinese view of life? 35 Thus, we see that according to Confucius, the observance of li will enable people to behave properly in every situation, and the cultivation of jen will make them treat everyone else kindly. The result, theoretically, is peace and harmony in society. The Confucian ideal, based on the principles of li and jen, can be summarized this way: “Kindness in the father, filial piety in the sonGentility in the eldest brother, humility and respect in the youngerRighteous behavior in the husband, obedience in the wifeHumane consideration in elders, deference in juniorsBenevolence in rulers, loyalty in ministers and subjects.” All of this helps to explain why most Chinese people, and even other Orientals, place so much emphasis on family ties, on being industrious, on education, and on knowing and acting according to one’s place. For better or for worse, these Confucian concepts have been driven deep into the Chinese consciousness through centuries of inculcation. Confucianism Became a State Cult 36. How did Confucianism gain the status of a State cult? 36 With the rise of Confucianism, the period of the “hundred schools” came to an end. Emperors of the Han dynasty found in the Confucian teaching of loyalty to the ruler just the formula they needed to solidify the power of the throne. Under Emperor Wu Ti, whom we have already referred to in connection with Taoism, Confucianism was elevated to the status of a State cult. Only those versed in the Confucian classics were selected as State officials, and anyone hoping to enter government service had to pass nationwide examinations based on the Confucian classics. Confucian rites and rituals became the religion of the royal house. 37. (a) How did Confucianism become a religion? (b) Why, in reality, is Confucianism more than just a philosophy? 37 This change of events did much to elevate the position of Confucius in Chinese society. The Han emperors started the tradition of offering sacrifices at the grave of Confucius. Honorific inputs were bestowed on him. Then, in 630 C.E., the T’ang emperor T’ai Tsung ordered that a State temple to Confucius be erected in every province and county throughout the empire and that sacrifices be offered regularly. For all practical purposes, Confucius was elevated to the status of a god, and Confucianism became a religion hardly distinguishable from Taoism or Buddhism.​—See box, page 175. The Legacy of the Wisdom of the East 38. (a) What has happened to Taoism and Confucianism since 1911? (b) But what is still true of the basic concepts of these religions? 38 Since the end of dynastic rule in China in 1911, Confucianism and Taoism have come under much criticism, even persecution. Taoism was discredited on account of its magical and superstitious practices. And Confucianism has been labeled as feudalistic, promoting a slave mentality to keep people, especially women, under subjection. In spite of such official denunciations, however, the basic concepts of these religions are so deeply embedded in the Chinese mind that they still have a strong hold on many of the people. 39. What does one news report say about superstitious religious practices in China? 39 For example, under the headline “Chinese Religious Rites Rare in Beijing but Flourishing in the Coastal Regions,” the Canadian newspaper Globe and Mail reported in 1987 that after nearly 40 years of atheistic rule in China, funeral rites, temple services, and many superstitious practices are still common in rural areas. “Most villages have a fengshui man, usually an elderly resident who knows how to read the forces of wind (feng) and water (shui) to determine the most propitious location for everything from the ancestral grave, a new house or living room furniture,” says the report. 40. What religious practices are seen in Taiwan? 40 Elsewhere, Taoism and Confucianism are found wherever traditional Chinese culture survives. In Taiwan, one man who claims to be a descendant of Chang Tao-ling presides as “celestial master” with the power to ordain Taoist priests (Tao Shih). The popular goddess Matsu, billed as “Holy Mother in Heaven,” is worshiped as the patron saint of the island and of sailors and fishermen. As for the common people, they are mostly preoccupied with making offerings and sacrifices to the spirits of the rivers, mountains, and stars; the patron deities of all the trades; and the gods of health, good luck, and wealth.d 41. How is Confucianism as a religion carried on today? 41 What about Confucianism? Its role as a religion has been reduced to the status of a national monument. In China at Ch’ü-fou, the birthplace of Confucius, the State maintains the Temple of Confucius and family grounds as tourist attractions. There, according to the magazine China Reconstructs, performances are put on “reenacting a ritual of worship for Confucius.” And in Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and other places in eastern Asia, people still celebrate Confucius’ birthday. 42. How do Taoism and Confucianism fall short as guides in the search for the true God? 42 In Confucianism and Taoism, we see how a system based on human wisdom and reasoning, no matter how logical and well-meaning, ultimately falls short in the search for the true God. Why? Because it leaves out one essential element, namely, the will and requirements of a personal God. Confucianism turns to human nature as the motivating force to do good, and Taoism turns to nature itself. But this is misplaced confidence because it simply amounts to worshiping created things rather than the Creator.​—Psalm 62:9; 146:3, 4; Jeremiah 17:5. 43. How have the religious traditions of the Chinese worked against them as a whole in the search for the true God? 43 On the other hand, the traditions of ancestor and idol worship, reverence for a cosmic heaven, and veneration of spirits in nature, as well as the rites and rituals connected with them, have become so deeply rooted in the Chinese way of thinking that they are accepted as the unspoken truth. Often it is very difficult to talk to a Chinese person about a personal God or Creator because the concept is so foreign to him.​—Romans 1:20-25. 44. (a) How do reasoning minds react to the marvels of the way of nature? (b) What are we encouraged to do? 44 It is undeniable that nature is filled with great marvels and wisdom and that we humans are endowed with the wonderful faculties of reason and conscience. But as pointed out in the chapter on Buddhism, the wonders we see in the natural world have caused reasoning minds to conclude that there must be a Designer or Creator. (See pages 151-2.) That being the case, then, is it not logical that we should endeavor to search out the Creator? In fact the Creator invites us to do so: “Raise your eyes high up and see. Who has created these things? It is the One who is bringing forth the army of them even by number, all of whom he calls even by name.” (Isaiah 40:26) Doing so, we will come to know not only who the Creator is, namely Jehovah God, but also what he has in store for our future. 45. What other Oriental religion will we consider next? 45 Along with Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, which have played a major role in the religious life of the people of the Orient, there is another religion, one unique to the people of Japan​—Shinto. How is it different? What is its source? Has it led people to the true God? This we will consider in the next chapter. [Footnotes] a Lin Yutang’s translation of this passage reads: “Being in accord with Tao, he is eternal, and his whole life is preserved from harm.” b A peck is a dry measure equaling two gallons [8.8 L]. c The word “Confucius” is a Latin transliteration of the Chinese K’ung-fu-tzu, meaning “K’ung the Master.” Jesuit priests who came to China in the 16th century coined the Latinized name when they recommended to the pope of Rome that Confucius be canonized as a “saint” of the Roman Catholic Church. d One Taoist group in Taiwan, called T’ien Tao (Heavenly Way), claims to be an amalgam of five world religions​—Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islām. [Box on page 162] Pronunciation of Chinese Words To be consistent with most scholarly work, the Wade-Giles form of transliteration of Chinese words is used in this book. The English equivalents in sound are given below: ch j, as in Tao Te Ching (jing) ch’ ch, as in Ch’in (chin) dynasty hs sh, as in Ta Hsüeh (shu-eh), The Great Learning j r, as in jen (ren), human-heartedness k g, as in the Buddhist goddess Kuan-yin (gwan-yin) k’ k, as in K’ung-fu-tzu (kung-fu-tzu), or Confucius t d, as in Tao (dao), the Way t’ t, as in T’ang (tang) dynasty [Box on page 175] Confucianism​—Philosophy or Religion? Because Confucius made few comments about God, many people view Confucianism as only a philosophy and not a religion. Yet, what he said and did showed that he was religious. This can be seen in two respects. First, he had a reverent fear for a supreme cosmic spiritual power, what the Chinese call T’ien, or Heaven, which he regarded as the source of all virtue and moral goodness and whose will, he felt, directs all things. Second, he placed great emphasis on meticulous observance of the rites and ceremonies relating to the worship of heaven and the spirits of departed ancestors. Though Confucius never advocated these views as a form of religion, to generations of Chinese they have become what religion is all about. [Box/​Pictures on page 177] Confucian Four Books and Five Classics The Four Books 1. The Great Learning (Ta Hsüeh), the basis of a gentleman’s education, the first text studied by schoolboys in old China 2. The Doctrine of the Mean (Chung Yung), a treatise on the development of human nature through moderation 3. The Analects (Lun Yü), a collection of Confucius’ sayings, considered the main source of Confucian thought 4. The Book of Mencius (Meng-tzu), writings and sayings of Confucius’ greatest disciple, Meng-tzu, or Mencius The Five Classics 1. The Book of Poetry (Shih Ching), 305 poems providing a picture of daily life in early Chou times (1000-600 B.C.E.) 2. The Book of History (Shu Ching), covering 17 centuries of Chinese history beginning with the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.E.) 3. The Book of Changes (I Ching), a book of divination, based on interpretations of the 64 possible combinations of six whole or broken lines 4. The Book of Rites (Li Chi), a collection of rules on ceremonies and rituals 5. Annals of Spring and Autumn (Ch’un Ch’iu), a history of Confucius’ native state of Lu, covering 721-478 B.C.E. [Pictures] Five Classics, above, and a portion, left, of The Great Learning (one of the Four Books), quoted on page 181 [Picture on page 163] Tao, ‘the way a person should go’ [Picture on page 165] Lao-tzu, the philosopher of Taoism, on the back of a buffalo [Picture on page 166] Taoist temple to Matsu, “Holy Mother in Heaven,” in Taiwan [Picture on page 171] Misty mountains, tranquil waters, swaying trees, and retiring scholars​—popular themes in Chinese landscape paintings—​reflect Taoist ideal of living in harmony with nature [Pictures on page 173] Ancient Taoist carving, left, of god of Long Life with the Eight Immortals. Right, Taoist priest in full regalia officiating at a funeral [Picture on page 179] Confucius, China’s foremost sage, is revered as a teacher of morals and ethics [Picture on page 181] Celebrations, with music, at Sung Kyun Kwan, a 14th-century Confucian educational center in Seoul, Korea, perpetuate Confucian rituals [Pictures on page 182] Whether Buddhist, Taoist, or Confucian, the typical Chinese, from left, pays homage to ancestors at home, worships the god of wealth, and offers sacrifices at temples on festive days

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK What Should I Know About Sexual Assault?—Part 2: Recovery

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502015121

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK What Should I Know About Sexual Assault?​—Part 2: Recovery Dealing with guilt The value of confiding in someone “A time to heal” Dealing with guilt Many victims of sexual abuse are deeply ashamed about what happened. They may even feel responsible for it. Consider Karen, now 19, who was sexually abused between the ages of 6 and 13. “The worst thing I deal with is the guilt,” she says. “I think to myself, ‘How could I have let the abuse go on for so long?’” If you feel that way about your situation, consider the following: Children are neither physically nor emotionally prepared to have sex. They do not know what such activity implies and are thus incapable of consenting to it in any meaningful way. This means that child abuse is not the child’s fault. Children tend to trust adults and to be naive about the tactics of corrupt people, which can make a child vulnerable. “Molesters are very good ‘con men,’ and a child is no match for their clever manipulation,” says the book The Right to Innocence. A child may experience sexual arousal while being abused. If that happened to you, be assured that this is the body’s automatic physical response to being touched in a certain way. It does not mean that you were capable of consenting to the abuse or that you bear any blame for it. Suggestion: Think of a child you know who is now at the age you were when you were abused. Ask yourself, ‘Would it be fair to hold that child responsible if he or she were abused?’ Karen reasoned on that last point when she babysat three children, one of whom was almost six years old​—the age Karen was when her abuse started. Karen says, “I realized just how vulnerable a child that age really is​—how vulnerable I was at that age.” Fact: The perpetrator bears responsibility for your abuse. The Bible says: “The wickedness of the wicked one will be accounted to [that person] alone.”​—Ezekiel 18:20. The value of confiding in someone Talking to a trusted adult about the abuse can help you get relief. The Bible says: “A true friend shows love at all times, and is a brother who is born for times of distress.”​—Proverbs 17:17. Understandably, you might feel a measure of safety in not talking about what happened. Perhaps silence has become like a wall that you have built to protect yourself from further hurt. Consider, though, that the wall of silence that protects you from getting hurt might also prevent you from getting help. The wall of silence that protects you from getting hurt might also prevent you from getting help A young woman named Janet found that talking about her abuse was a great relief for her. “I was molested at a very young age by someone I knew and trusted, and I held it in for years,” she says. “But once I was able to talk to my mom about it, it was as if a huge weight had been taken off my shoulders.” Looking back, Janet can understand why some might be reluctant to speak up. “Abuse is such an uncomfortable topic,” she says. “But in my case, the hurt that came from living with it was not good. It was better for me to confront it sooner rather than later.” “A time to heal” Abuse may have left you with hurtful misconceptions about yourself​—for example, that you are damaged and worthless or that you exist only for the sexual gratification of others. You now have the opportunity to recover from such lies, to benefit from “a time to heal.” (Ecclesiastes 3:3) What can help you in this endeavor? Study of the Bible. The Bible contains God’s thoughts, which are “powerful . . . for overturning strongly entrenched things”​—including false reasonings about your worth. (2 Corinthians 10:​4, 5) For example, read and think about the following scriptures: Isaiah 41:10; Jeremiah 31:3; Malachi 3:​16, 17; Luke 12:​6, 7; 1 John 3:​19, 20. Prayer. When feelings of worthlessness or guilt overwhelm you, “throw your burden on Jehovah” in prayer. (Psalm 55:22) You are never alone! Congregation elders. These Christian men are trained to be “like a hiding place from the wind, a place of concealment from the rainstorm.” (Isaiah 32:2) They can help you to gain a balanced view of yourself and to move on with your life. Good association. Observe men and women who are exemplary in Christian living. Take note of how they treat one another. In time, you will come to realize that not all people use their influence to abuse those whom they claim to love. A young woman named Tanya is learning that vital lesson. From early childhood, she was treated as a sexual object by a number of men. “The only men I was ever close to hurt me,” she says. In time, though, Tanya has come to realize that there are men who do show genuine love. How has she seen this? As she associated with a husband and wife who were exemplary in Christian living, Tanya’s viewpoint changed. “I could see from the husband’s actions that not all men are abusive,” she says. “The husband protected his wife, and that is how God intended it to be.”a​—Ephesians 5:​28, 29. a If you deal with such problems as chronic depression, an eating disorder, self-injury, substance abuse, a sleep disorder, or suicidal thoughts, it would be wise to seek help from a qualified physician.

United in Worship (uw) 1983

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/uw

Chapter 24 Jehovah’s Purpose Attains Glorious Success 1, 2. (a) What is Jehovah’s purpose regarding his intelligent creatures? (b) Who were included in God’s united family of worshipers? (c) Regarding this, what personal question deserves consideration? ALL intelligent creation united in true worship and all of them enjoying the glorious freedom of children of God​—that is Jehovah’s wise and loving purpose. It is also what all lovers of righteousness earnestly desire. 2 Jehovah began fulfilling this grand purpose when he started his works of creation. His first creation was a Son, one who proved to be “the reflection of his glory and the exact representation of his very being.” (Heb. 1:1-3) This one was unique, being created by God alone. Through him other sons were brought into existence​—first, angels in the heavens, then man on earth. (Job 38:7; Luke 3:38) All these sons made up one universal family. To all of them Jehovah was God, the only one to be worshiped. He was the Universal Sovereign. He was also their loving Father. Is he likewise your Father, and are you one of his children? What a precious relationship that can be! 3. (a) Why were none of us at birth sons of God? (b) But what loving provision did Jehovah make for Adam’s offspring? 3 Nevertheless, we must face the fact that when our first human parents were condemned to death as willful sinners, they were evicted from Eden and disowned by God. They ceased to be part of Jehovah’s universal family. (Gen. 3:22-24; compare Deuteronomy 32:4, 5.) All of us, because we are descendants of sinner Adam, have been born with sinful tendencies. Since we are offspring of parents expelled from God’s family, we cannot claim to be sons of God simply on the basis of human birth. But Jehovah knew that some from among Adam’s descendants would love righteousness, and He lovingly made provision whereby these could attain to the glorious freedom of children of God.​—Rom. 8:20, 21. Israel’s Favored Position 4. (a) On what basis were the Israelites “sons” of God? (b) What did this not mean? 4 Some 2,500 years after Adam’s creation, Jehovah again extended to certain humans the privilege of having a relationship with him as his sons. In harmony with his covenant with Abraham, Jehovah chose Israel to be his people. So, to Pharaoh of Egypt, he spoke of Israel as “my son.” (Ex. 4:22, 23; Gen. 12:1, 2) Later he gave Israel his Law at Mount Sinai, formed that people into a nation and used them in connection with his purpose. From a national standpoint, because they were Jehovah’s “special property,” they were spoken of as “sons” of God. (Deut. 14:1, 2; Isa. 43:1) Also, because of his special dealings with certain individuals within that nation, Jehovah referred to them as sons. (1 Chron. 22:9, 10) This standing was based on covenant relationship with God. It did not mean, however, that they enjoyed the glorious freedom that Adam had had as a son of God. They were still in bondage to sin and death. 5. How did Israel lose its special standing with God? 5 Nevertheless, as sons they had a favored standing with God. They also had the responsibility to respect their Father and to work in harmony with his purpose. Jesus stressed the importance of their fulfilling that obligation​—not only claiming God as their Father, but ‘proving themselves’ to be his sons. (Matt. 5:43-48; Mal. 1:6) However, the Jews as a nation failed in this. So, during the final year of Jesus’ earthly ministry, when the Jews who were seeking to kill Jesus declared, “We have one Father, God,” Jesus firmly pointed out that their actions and the spirit they showed belied such a claim. (John 8:41, 44, 47) In 33 C.E. the Law covenant was terminated by God, and the basis for the special relationship that Israel had enjoyed ended. Yet, Jehovah did not cease to have among mankind those he accepted as sons. Jehovah Unifies His People 6. What “administration” did Paul describe at Ephesians 1:9, 10, and what is its objective? 6 To Christians in Ephesus the apostle Paul wrote about Jehovah’s program for unifying his people​—God’s arrangement whereby those who exercise faith can become beloved members of His household, saying: “[God] made known to us the sacred secret of his will. It is according to his good pleasure which he purposed in himself for an administration [household management] at the full limit of the appointed times, namely, to gather all things together again in the Christ, the things in the heavens and the things on the earth.” (Eph. 1:9, 10) This “administration” centers around Jesus Christ. Through him, humans are brought into an approved condition before God​—some with the prospect of being in heaven; others, on earth​—to serve in unity with the angelic sons of God who have proved loyal to Jehovah. 7. What are “the things in the heavens,” and what does being gathered together mean for them? 7 First, starting with Pentecost of 33 C.E., attention was given to “the things in the heavens,” that is, those who would be joint heirs with Christ in the heavenly Kingdom. On the basis of their faith in the value of Jesus’ sacrifice, they were declared righteous by God. (Rom. 5:1, 2) Then they were “born again,” or brought forth as sons of God with the prospect of heavenly life. (John 3:3; 1:12, 13) With these as a spiritual nation God made the new covenant. In time, both Jews and Gentiles were to be included, and these would total 144,000.​—Gal. 3:26-29; Rev. 14:1. 8. How does the relationship of Kingdom heirs with the Father compare with that of Jews under the Mosaic Law? 8 Though still imperfect in the flesh, the remnant of such heirs of the heavenly Kingdom enjoy a precious and intimate relationship with the Father. Concerning this, Paul wrote: “Now because you are sons, God has sent forth the spirit of his Son into our hearts and it cries out: ‘Abba, Father!’ So, then, you are no longer a slave but a son; and if a son, also an heir through God.” (Gal. 4:6, 7) That Aramaic expression “Abba” means “father,” but it is an endearing form of address​—the kind used by a young child for his father. Because of the superiority of Jesus’ sacrifice and God’s own undeserved kindness, these spirit-anointed Christians enjoy a relationship with God that is more intimate than any that was possible for imperfect humans under the Law. However, what lies ahead for them is even more wonderful. 9. What does full realization of their sonship mean? 9 If they prove faithful until death, they receive the full realization of their sonship by being resurrected to immortal life in the heavens. There they will be privileged to serve unitedly in the very presence of Jehovah God. Only a relatively small number of these sons of God are still on earth.​—Rom. 8:14, 23; 1 John 3:1, 2. Gathering “the Things on the Earth” 10. (a) What are “the things on the earth,” and since when have they been gathered into unity of worship? (b) What is their relationship with Jehovah? 10 The same “administration” that makes it possible for humans to be gathered into God’s household with heavenly life in view also directs attention to “the things on the earth.” Particularly since 1935 C.E. have persons with faith in the sacrifice of Christ been gathered with the prospect of eternal life on earth. Shoulder to shoulder with the remaining ones of the anointed class, they magnify the name of Jehovah and exalt his worship. (Zeph. 3:9; Isa. 2:2, 3) With deep respect these, too, address Jehovah as “Father,” recognizing him as the Source of life, and they earnestly endeavor to reflect his qualities as he expects his sons to do. They enjoy an approved standing before him on the basis of their faith in Jesus’ shed blood. (Matt. 6:9; Rev. 7:9, 14) But they know that the joy of being fully acknowledged by God as his children is yet in the future for them. 11. (a) What promise does Romans 8:19-21 hold forth for mankind? (b) What is the “revealing of the sons of God” that they eagerly await? 11 As shown at Romans 8:19-21, they are eagerly waiting for the “revealing of the sons of God,” because then the time will come for these of the human creation to be “set free from enslavement to corruption.” That “revealing” will take place when humans here on earth see evidence that the spirit-anointed sons of God who have attained their heavenly reward have gone into action as associates of their glorified Lord, Jesus Christ. This will be manifest in the destruction of the entire wicked system of things, to be followed by the blessings of the Thousand Year Reign of Christ in which these “sons of God” will share with him as kings and priests.​—Rev. 2:26, 27; 20:6. 12. Following the great tribulation, in what song of praise will the victorious spirit-anointed sons of God join, and what does it mean? 12 How exhilarating it will be when the great tribulation is past and those sons of God who have been united with Christ join their voices in praise to God, joyously proclaiming: “Great and wonderful are your works, Jehovah God, the Almighty. Righteous and true are your ways, King of eternity. Who will not really fear you, Jehovah, and glorify your name, because you alone are loyal? For all the nations will come and worship before you, because your righteous decrees have been made manifest”! (Rev. 15:3, 4) Yes, all mankind, made up of persons out of all the former nations, will unite in worship of the true God. Even those in the memorial tombs will be resurrected and be given opportunity to join their voices in praise to Jehovah. 13. What marvelous freedom will be enjoyed right away by survivors of the great tribulation? 13 No longer will Satan the Devil be the “god of this system of things.” No longer will worshipers of Jehovah here on earth have to contend with his vile influence. (2 Cor. 4:4; Rev. 20:1-3) No longer will false religion misrepresent our loving God and serve as a divisive influence in human society. No longer will servants of the true God experience injustice and exploitation at the hands of men in governmental office. What marvelous freedom that will signify for survivors of the great tribulation! 14. By what means will they be freed from sin and all its effects? 14 As the “Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world,” Jesus Christ will make application of the value of his sacrifice so as to cancel out all the past sins of mankind. (John 1:29) On earth, when Jesus pronounced a person’s sins forgiven, he also healed the forgiven one as proof of it. (Matt. 9:1-7) In like manner, from heaven he will miraculously heal the blind, the deaf, the speechless, those physically maimed, the mentally afflicted and those with any other sickness. Gradually, through faithful molding of themselves to God’s righteous ways, all willing and obedient ones will get “sin’s law” completely nullified in themselves so that all their actions, their thoughts and the desires of their hearts will be pleasing both to themselves and to God. (Rom. 7:21-23; compare Isaiah 25:7, 8 and Revelation 21:3, 4.) Before the end of the Millennium, they will have been aided to full human perfection. They will be completely freed from sin and all its grievous effects. They will properly reflect ‘God’s image and likeness’ in the midst of an earthly Paradise that embraces the entire globe.​—Gen. 1:26. 15. At the end of the Millennium, what action will Christ take, and with what objective? 15 When Christ has brought mankind to perfection, he will then return to the Father the authority that was conferred upon him for this work. As foretold at 1 Corinthians 15:28: “When all things will have been subjected to him [the Son], then the Son himself will also subject himself to the One who subjected all things to him, that God may be all things to everyone.” 16. To what will all perfected humans now be subjected, and why? 16 Now perfected mankind will be given the opportunity to demonstrate that their unchangeable choice is to serve the only living and true God forever. Hence, before adopting them as his sons through Jesus Christ, Jehovah will subject all those perfected humans to a thorough, final test. Satan and his demons will be loosed from the abyss. This will result in no lasting harm to those who truly love Jehovah. But any who disloyally allow themselves to be led into disobedience to Jehovah will be forever destroyed along with the original rebel and his demons.​—Rev. 20:7-10. 17. In fulfillment of Jehovah’s purpose, what situation will once again exist among all his intelligent creation? 17 Jehovah will now lovingly adopt as his sons through Christ all the perfected humans who withstand that final, decisive test. They will then share to the full in the “glorious freedom of the children of God.” (Rom. 8:21) They will at last become a part of God’s united, universal family, to all of whom Jehovah will forever be the only God, the Universal Sovereign, and their loving Father. Then all of Jehovah’s intelligent creation, in heaven and on earth, will once again be united in worship of the only true God. Review Discussion ● Before the rebellion in Eden, what relationship did all worshipers of Jehovah have to him? ● What responsibility rests on those who are sons of God? ● Who today are God’s sons? Who will yet become children of God, and how is this related to Jehovah’s purpose regarding united worship?

Sing Praises (ssb) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/Ssb

Song 120 Be Steadfast Like Ruth (Ruth 1:15-17) 1. Naomi encouraged Ruth to leave, Even though the parting would her grieve. But to Moab Ruth just won’t return, Since her heart for Naomi does yearn. 2. ‘No, I never will abandon you. Where you will be, there I would be too. And where you lie down, there I would lie. And where you die, there please let me die. 3. ‘For your people shall my people be, And your God my God eternally. May our God do so and add thereto Should aught separate my soul from you.’ 4. O what faith and love fair Ruth displayed! She a noble pattern for us made. May we ever show like steadfastness. Firmly cleave to God and righteousness.

Live Forever (pe) 1989

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/pe

Chapter 1 Living Forever Not Just a Dream 1, 2. Why is it hard to believe that people can live forever in happiness on earth? HAPPINESS on earth—it does not seem possible to enjoy it even for a short time. Sickness, aging, hunger, crime—to mention only a few problems—often make life miserable. So, you may say, to talk about living forever in paradise on earth is to close your eyes to the truth. You may feel that it is a waste of time to talk about it, that living forever is just a dream. 2 No doubt most people would agree with you. So, then, why can we be so sure that you can live forever in paradise on earth? Why can we believe that everlasting life is not just a dream? WHY WE CAN BELIEVE 3. What shows that God wants humans to be happy on earth? 3 We can believe because a Supreme Power, Almighty God, prepared the earth with everything needed to satisfy what we want. He made the earth just perfect for us! And he created man and woman in the best way for them to enjoy life to the full in this earthly home—forever.—Psalm 115:16. 4. What have scientists learned about the human body that shows it was made to live forever? 4 Scientists have long known about the human body’s power to renew itself. By wonderful means the body cells are either replaced or repaired, as the need may be. And it seems that this process of self-renewal should go on forever. But it does not, and this is something that scientists cannot explain. They still do not fully understand why people grow old. They say that, under right conditions, humans should be able to live forever.—Psalm 139:14. 5. What does the Bible say about God’s purpose for the earth? 5 Yet, is it really God’s purpose that people live happily on earth forever? If it is, then everlasting life is not just a wish or a dream—it is sure to come! What does the Bible, the book that tells of God’s purposes, say about the matter? It calls God “the Former of the earth and the Maker of it,” and adds: “He the One who firmly established it, who did not create it simply for nothing, who formed it even to be inhabited.”—Isaiah 45:18. 6. (a) What are conditions like on earth today? (b) Is this the way God wants it to be? 6 Does it seem to you that the earth is now inhabited in the way that God meant it to be? True, people are living in practically all parts of the earth. But are they living together happily as a united family, in the good way their Creator meant for them? Today the world is divided. There is hatred. There is crime. There is war. Millions of people are hungry and sick. Others have daily worries about housing, work and expenses. And none of these things bring honor to God. Evidently, then, the earth is not being inhabited in the way Almighty God originally meant it to be. 7. What was God’s purpose for the earth when he created the first human couple? 7 After creating the first human couple, God placed them in an earthly paradise. He wanted them to enjoy life on earth forever. His purpose for them was to spread their paradise over all the earth. This is shown by his instructions to them: “Be fruitful and become many and fill the earth and subdue it.” (Genesis 1:28) Yes, God’s purpose was, in the course of time, to have the entire earth brought under the control of a righteous human family all living together in peace and happiness. 8. Although the first couple disobeyed God, why can we be sure that God’s purpose for the earth did not change? 8 Although the first human couple disobeyed God, thus proving to be unfit to live forever, God’s original purpose did not change. It must be fulfilled! (Isaiah 55:11) The Bible promises: “The righteous themselves will possess the earth, and they will reside forever upon it.” (Psalm 37:29) Often the Bible tells of God’s arrangement to give humans who serve him everlasting life.—John 3:14-16, 36; Isaiah 25:8; Revelation 21:3, 4. THE DESIRE TO LIVE—WHERE? 9. (a) What desire do people normally have? (b) What does the Bible mean when it says ‘God has put eternity into their minds’? 9 We can truly be happy that it is God’s purpose that we live forever. For think: If you had to decide, on what date would you choose to die? You cannot pick one, can you? You do not want to die, and neither does any other normal person who has a measure of health. God made us with the desire to live, not the desire to die. Regarding the way God made humans, the Bible says: “He has even put eternity into their minds.” (Ecclesiastes 3:11, Byington) What does this mean? It means that ordinarily people desire to live on and on, without dying. Due to this desire for an endless future, men have long searched for a way of staying young forever. 10. (a) Where is it man’s natural desire to live forever? (b) Why can we be confident that God will make it possible for us to live forever on earth? 10 Where is it that humans normally want to live forever? It is where they have become used to living, here on earth. Man was made for the earth, and the earth for man. (Genesis 2:8, 9, 15) The Bible says: “He [God] has founded the earth upon its established places; it will not be made to totter to time indefinite, or forever.” (Psalm 104:5) Since the earth was made to last forever, then man also should live forever. Surely a loving God would not create humans with a desire to live forever and then not make it possible for them to fulfill that desire!—1 John 4:8; Psalm 133:3. THE KIND OF LIFE YOU DESIRE 11. What does the Bible say to show that people can live forever in perfect health? 11 Look at the following page. What kind of life are these people enjoying? Would you like to be one of them? Why, yes, you say! Look how healthy and youthful they appear! If you were told that these people had already lived thousands of years, would you believe it? The Bible tells us that the old will become young again, the sick will be made well and the lame, blind, deaf and speechless will have all their ailments healed. When he was on earth Jesus Christ performed many miracles by healing sick people. By doing this he was showing how, in this glorious time not far off, all who are living will be restored to perfect health.—Job 33:25; Isaiah 33:24; 35:5, 6; Matthew 15:30, 31. 12. What conditions do we see in these pictures? 12 See what a lovely garden home this is! As Christ promised, it is truly a paradise, similar to the one lost by the disobedient first man and woman. (Luke 23:43) And note the peace and harmony that exist. People of all races—the black, the white, the yellow—are living as one family. Even the animals are peaceful. See the child playing with the lion. But there is no cause for fear. In this regard the Creator declares: “With the kid the leopard itself will lie down, and the calf and the maned young lion and the well-fed animal all together; and a mere little boy will be leader over them. . . . And even the lion will eat straw just like the bull. And the sucking child will certainly play upon the hole of the cobra.”—Isaiah 11:6-9. 13. What will be gone from the earth when God’s purposes are carried out? 13 In the paradise that God purposes for humans, there will be every reason to be happy. The earth will produce plenty of good things to eat. No one will ever go hungry again. (Psalm 72:16; 67:6) Wars, crime, violence, even hatred and selfishness, will be things of the past. Yes, they will be gone forever! (Psalm 46:8, 9; 37:9-11) Do you believe that all of this is possible? 14. What makes you believe that God will bring an end to suffering? 14 Well, consider: If you had the power, would you bring to an end all the things that cause human suffering? And would you bring about the conditions for which the human heart longs? Of course you would. Our loving heavenly Father will do just that. He will satisfy our needs and desires, for Psalm 145:16 says of God: “You are opening your hand and satisfying the desire of every living thing.” But when will this occur? GRAND BLESSINGS ARE NEAR 15. (a) What will the end of the world mean for the earth? (b) What will it mean for bad people? (c) What will it mean for those who do God’s will? 15 To make possible these fine blessings on earth, God promises to bring to their end both wickedness and those who cause it. At the same time, he will protect those who serve him, for the Bible says: “The world is passing away and so is its desire, but he that does the will of God remains forever.” (1 John 2:17) What a change that will be! The end of the world will not mean the end of our earth. Rather, as happened at the worldwide flood in Noah’s day, it will mean the end only of bad people and their way of living. But those who are serving God will survive the end. Then, on an earth made clean, they will enjoy freedom from all who want to hurt and oppress them.—Matthew 24:3, 37-39; Proverbs 2:21, 22. 16. What events were foretold for the “last days”? 16 But someone may say: ‘Conditions are getting worse, not better. How can we be sure this grand change is near?’ Jesus Christ foretold many things that his future followers should watch for so that they would know it was God’s time to bring an end to the world. Jesus said that the last days of this system would be marked by such things as major wars, food shortages, great earthquakes, increasing lawlessness and a growing loss of love. (Matthew 24:3-12) He said there would be “anguish of nations, not knowing the way out.” (Luke 21:25) Also, the Bible further says: “In the last days critical times hard to deal with will be here.” (2 Timothy 3:1-5) Are not these the very conditions that we are now experiencing? 17. What have thinking persons been saying about conditions today? 17 Many persons who study world events say that a great change is in the making. For example, the editor of the Miami, U.S.A., Herald, wrote: “Anyone with half a logical mind can put together the cataclysmic events of the past few years and see that the world is at a historic threshold. . . . It will change forever the way men live.” In a similar vein, the American writer Lewis Mumford said: “Civilization is going downhill. Very definitely. . . . In the past when civilizations went downhill, it was a relatively local phenomenon. . . . Now, with the world more closely knit and held together by modern communications, when civilization goes downhill, the whole planet goes down.” 18. (a) What do world conditions show about the future? (b) What will replace present-day governments? 18 The very conditions in the world today show that we are now living at the time when the destruction of this entire system of things is due to happen. Yes, very soon now God will cleanse the earth of all who would ruin it. (Revelation 11:18) He will remove present-day governments to make way for his righteous government to rule all the earth. It is this Kingdom government for which Christ taught his followers to pray.—Daniel 2:44; Matthew 6:9, 10. 19. If we want to live forever, what must we do? 19 If you love life and want to live forever on earth under God’s rule, then you must hurry to take in accurate knowledge of God, his purposes and his requirements. Jesus Christ said in prayer to God: “This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ.” (John 17:3) What a joy it is to know that we can live forever—that it is not just a dream! But to enjoy this fine blessing from God we need to learn about an enemy who is trying to keep us from realizing this blessing. [Picture on page 8, 9] Did God intend the world to be like this? [Full-page picture on page 11]

Who Will Save the Earth?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/501100014

Who Will Save the Earth? Many people are concerned about the damage that they believe humans are doing to the earth and the life it supports. According to some environmental experts, human actions are threatening species with extinction and damaging the biodiversity of the planet as never before. Will humans ruin the earth? Or will they ever be able to live in closer harmony with nature? Will human efforts succeed? Many experts are confident that humans can protect the earth and live in harmony with nature. Some researchers argue that for human efforts to succeed, changes must be made in a number of areas and at the same time. Such changes would include: Improving how land, forests, wetlands, and oceans are managed. Adopting different agricultural practices and energy sources. Switching to a food system that supports a primarily plant-based diet that includes a moderate intake of meat and fish and reduces overall consumption and waste. Accepting that a good quality of life does not depend on having ever more material things. What do you think? Is it realistic to expect governments, businesses, and individuals to cooperate on such an unprecedented scale? Or do you think it is more likely that deep-seated greed, selfishness, and shortsightedness displayed by some would stand in the way?—2 Timothy 3:1-5. A reason for hope The Bible gives us assurance that the future of our planet is secure. It explains why human efforts are not enough to save the earth, and it describes the real change that must be made. It also identifies how this change will come about. Why human effort alone will not save the planet. Jehovaha God created the earth, and he assigned humans the responsibility of caring for it. (Genesis 1:28; 2:15) They could succeed in their assignment only if they looked to their Creator for guidance and obeyed his instructions. (Proverbs 20:24) Instead, however, they rejected Jehovah and pursued an independent course. (Ecclesiastes 7:29) On their own, humans do not have the ability to care for the earth, and any effort they make will have limited success at best.—Proverbs 21:30; Jeremiah 10:23. The change that must be made. God intends to stop humans from ruining the earth. (Revelation 11:18) He will not reform the governments and earthly society that are harming the planet; he will replace them. (Revelation 21:1) For this reason, Jehovah declares: “Look! I am making all things new.”—Revelation 21:5. How that change will come about. Jehovah will replace human governments with a heavenly one called the Kingdom of God. That government, under the leadership of Jesus Christ, will then administer earth’s affairs.—Daniel 2:44; Matthew 6:10. God’s Kingdom will educate humans to live by God’s righteous standards. When humans recognize their Creator and heed his guidance, they will be able to live in harmony with the natural world. (Isaiah 11:9) The Bible describes how God’s government will enable its citizens to enjoy an excellent quality of life, one that is sustainable for the planet. It will do the following: Provide food for all.—Psalm 72:16. Restore natural resources.—Isaiah 35:1, 2, 6, 7. Ensure a balanced relationship between humans and animals.—Isaiah 11:6-8; Hosea 2:18. Prevent environmental catastrophes.—Mark 4:37-41. You can expect that God’s Kingdom will soon bring about these changes. For more information, read the article “When Will God’s Kingdom Rule the Earth?” a Jehovah is God’s personal name.—Psalm 83:18. What can we do now to show respect for our planet? While we look to God’s Kingdom to address completely the environmental issues confronting the earth, we can make reasonable efforts now to show our respect for the planet. For example, we can avoid being wasteful, and we can obey local recycling laws.—John 6:12, 13; Romans 13:1, 5. Brett is a retired environmental consultant. His knowledge of ecology helped him recognize that there is a Creator who will act to save the earth. Read his story. One way Jehovah’s Witnesses show respect for their Creator is by adopting practical eco-friendly techniques in their large construction projects. To see what they have accomplished, watch the video Eco-Friendly Design Brings Honor to Jehovah. Bible verses about the earth Genesis 2:15: “Jehovah God took the man and settled him in the garden of Eden to cultivate it and to take care of it.” Meaning: God entrusted humans with stewardship of their earthly home. Genesis 1:28: “God blessed them, and God said to them: ‘Be fruitful and become many, fill the earth and subdue it, and have in subjection the fish of the sea and the flying creatures of the heavens and every living creature that is moving on the earth.’” Meaning: Humans were assigned to care for the animal creation. Isaiah 45:18: “This is what Jehovah says, the Creator of the heavens, the true God, the One who formed the earth, its Maker who firmly established it, who did not create it simply for nothing, but formed it to be inhabited: ‘I am Jehovah, and there is no one else.’” Meaning: God’s purpose regarding the earth has not changed. It will be inhabited by people who will do what he originally intended. Psalm 37:29: “The righteous will possess the earth, and they will live forever on it.” Meaning: Those who follow God’s righteous standards will have the opportunity to live forever on the earth. Psalm 98:6-8: “Shout in triumph before the King, Jehovah. Let the sea thunder and all that fills it, the earth and those dwelling in it. Let the rivers clap their hands; let the mountains shout joyfully together.” Meaning: God’s rulership will result in good conditions for the environment.

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Righteousness Who alone has the authority to determine what is right or just? De 32:4; Eze 33:17-20 Relevant Bible account(s): Ge 18:23-33​—Jehovah shows Abraham that He is a righteous Judge Ps 72:1-4, 12-14​—This inspired psalm praises the Messianic King, who perfectly reflects Jehovah’s righteousness How do we benefit from living by Jehovah’s righteous standards? Ps 37:25, 29; Jas 5:16; 1Pe 3:12 See also Ps 35:24; Isa 26:9; Ro 1:17 Relevant Bible account(s): Job 37:22-24​—Elihu praises the righteousness of Jehovah, who inspires profound awe in the heart of His servants Ps 89:13-17​—The psalmist praises Jehovah for basing His rulership on righteousness What does it mean to seek God’s righteousness? Eze 18:25-31; Mt 6:33; Ro 12:1, 2; Eph 4:23, 24 Relevant Bible account(s): Ge 6:9, 22; 7:1​—Noah proves himself righteous by carefully doing all that Jehovah asks of him Ro 4:1-3, 9​—Jehovah views Abraham as righteous because he shows remarkable faith in Him Why must our righteousness be based on love for Jehovah rather than on a desire to appear righteous before humans? Mt 6:1; 23:27, 28; Lu 16:14, 15; Ro 10:10 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 5:20; 15:7-9​—Jesus tells people to be righteous but not according to the standards set by the scribes and Pharisees, who are hypocritical Lu 18:9-14​—Jesus gives an illustration to correct those who seek to prove themselves righteous while looking down on others Why is goodness even better than righteousness? Ro 5:7, 8 See also Lu 6:33-36; Ac 14:16, 17; Ro 12:20, 21; 1Th 5:15 Why should we avoid being self-righteous and resist any urge to prove ourselves more righteous than others? Ec 7:16; Isa 65:5; Ro 10:3; 14:10

Truth (tr) 1981

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/tr

Chapter 19 Godly Respect for Life and Blood 1. Though the world is accustomed to violence, how does the Bible teach us to view life? HOW much safer we would be if everyone had godly respect for life and blood! But many persons do not have such respect. Violence and bloodshed are on the increase everywhere. In many places a person’s life is in danger if he simply walks the streets alone at night. So accustomed has the world become to violence that, even for entertainment, people will sit for hours and watch it on television or in a motion picture. However, the Bible teaches us that life is something sacred. Do you view it that way? 2. Why may Bible teachings on life and blood surprise some persons? 2 Unscriptural attitudes have become so commonplace today that Bible teachings on the matter may surprise some persons at first. However, the Author of the Bible, who is also the Giver of life and the Creator of blood, is the Supreme Authority on the subject. His laws are to be respected.​—Psalm 36:5-9 [35:6-10, Dy]; Isaiah 55:8, 9. “SHEDDING MAN’S BLOOD” 3. (a) To whom did God first speak about the seriousness of taking human life? Why? (b) After the Flood, how did God emphasize the preciousness of life? (c) Is that law out-of-date? 3 It was first to Cain, a son of Adam, that Jehovah spoke about the seriousness of taking human life. God had already warned Cain that his anger might lead him into sin, but Cain ignored the warning and assaulted his brother Abel, killing him. Then God said: “Listen! Your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground.” For his lawless shedding of blood Cain had to answer to God. (Genesis 4:6-11) Following the flood of Noah’s day, God again emphasized that human life is precious in his sight. “Your blood of your souls shall I ask back,” God said. “Anyone shedding man’s blood, by man will his own blood be shed, for in God’s image he made man.” (Genesis 9:5, 6) That commandment has not gone out-of-date. It applies to all mankind today as descendants of Noah. Whether human governments deal with criminals in accord with that divine law or not, Jehovah will call to account those who lawlessly take life. 4. If we want eternal life, what must we root out of our lives, so as not to endanger the lives of others. 4 To remain blameless before the Giver of life, however, there is more required. At 1 John 3:15 it is written: “Everyone who hates his brother is a manslayer, and you know that no manslayer has everlasting life remaining in him.” If we want everlasting life, we need to root out of our lives all hatred for our fellowmen. God is not going to preserve into his new system persons who, like Cain, ignore divine warning and endanger the lives of others with their hot tempers. A godly view of life requires that we learn to love our fellowman.​—1 John 3:11, 12; Matthew 5:21, 22. 5. What is the Scriptural view toward abortion? 5 If we conform to God’s thinking on this matter, we will also appreciate that life is no less sacred because a person may be very old or very young. God’s Word shows that even the life of an unborn child in its mother’s womb is precious to Jehovah. (Exodus 21:22, 23; Psalm 127:3 [126:3, Dy]) And yet millions of abortions are performed throughout the earth each year. These are a violation of God’s law, for the human embryo is a living creature and should not be destroyed. If married couples want to limit the size of their families for economic, health or other reasons, that is their personal affair, and the way in which they do this is largely a matter for them to work out personally. But we must face the fact that the practice of abortion does not show a godly respect for life. ‘KEEP YOURSELVES FREE FROM BLOOD’ 6. (a) Who has the full right to say what may be done with blood? (b) When God granted man permission to eat animal food, what law did he give on blood? 6 The holy Bible frequently uses “blood” to stand for “life.” This is because the life or soul is in the blood. (Leviticus 17:11) Since God is the Creator of blood, he knows more about it than any of us, and he has the full right to say what may be done with it. It was first after the global Flood that God granted humankind permission to eat animal flesh. So at that time he also gave them his law on blood, saying: “Every moving animal that is alive may serve as food for you. As in the case of green vegetation, I do give it all to you. Only flesh with its soul​—its blood—​you must not eat.” (Genesis 9:3, 4) Animal flesh might be eaten, but not the blood. 7. (a) What did the governing body of the early Christians write about blood? (b) How does that decision indicate the seriousness of ‘keeping free from blood’? 7 Later, that law was embodied in the commandments given to the nation of Israel, and God’s Word makes it binding on Christians as well. After thoroughly discussing God’s requirements for Christians, the governing body of the early Christian congregation wrote to the non-Jewish believers: “The holy spirit and we ourselves have favored adding no further burden to you, except these necessary things, to keep yourselves free from things sacrificed to idols and from blood and from things strangled and from fornication. If you carefully keep yourselves from these things, you will prosper. Good health to you!” (Acts 15:28, 29) So, we, too, must ‘keep free from blood.’ And our doing so is a serious matter, having been put on a level with avoiding fornication and idolatry. 8. (a) If an animal has not been bled, should its flesh be eaten? (b) Should blood be mixed in any kind of food? (c) Why is human blood not less sacred? 8 It is evident from what God says about blood that we should not eat the flesh of an animal that has not been bled. (Deuteronomy 12:15, 16) Nor should we consume animal blood by itself or mixed in other foods. But is it only the blood of animals that is involved? Certainly God did not forbid mankind to eat animal blood while permitting him to eat human blood, as if it were less sacred! He made this clear when he later said to the Israelites: “As for any man . . . who eats any sort of blood, I shall certainly set my face against the soul that is eating the blood.”​—Leviticus 17:10. 9. What did an early Christian writer say about (a) the reason why some drank blood at that time? (b) the view of the early Christians regarding blood? 9 This was well understood by the early Christians. Even though it was commonly believed that drinking the blood of another human would benefit one’s health, they knew that lasting good health, both physical and spiritual, depended upon obedience to God. So, Tertullian, a Christian writer of the second and third centuries C.E., said: “Those, too, who at the gladiator shows, for the cure of epilepsy, quaff with greedy thirst the blood of criminals slain in the arena, as it flows fresh from the wound, and then rush off​—to whom do they belong? . . . Blush for your vile ways before the Christians, who have not even the blood of animals at their meals of simple and natural foods; who abstain from things strangled and that die a natural death. . . . To clench the matter with a single example, you tempt Christians with sausages of blood, just because you are perfectly aware that the thing by which you thus try to get them to transgress they hold unlawful.” They understood God’s law to include blood of every kind, animal and human. 10. (a) Explain why getting a blood transfusion is not actually different from “eating.” (b) Illustrate that ‘abstaining from blood’ means not taking it into our bodies at all. 10 What about the use to which human blood is put today? Medical doctors, realizing the life-sustaining power of blood, use blood transfusions freely in their treatment of patients. Is this in harmony with God’s will? Some persons may reason that getting a blood transfusion is not actually “eating.” But is it not true that when a patient is unable to eat through his mouth, doctors often feed him by the same method in which a blood transfusion is administered? Examine the scriptures carefully and notice that they tell us to ‘keep free from blood’ and to ‘abstain from blood.’ (Acts 15:20, 29) What does this mean? If a doctor were to tell you to abstain from alcohol, would that mean simply that you should not take it through your mouth but that you could transfuse it directly into your veins? Of course not! So, too, ‘abstaining from blood’ means not taking it into our bodies at all. 11. (a) Does ‘abstaining from blood’ work any real hardship on God’s servants? (b) What happens to many patients who get blood transfusions? (c) Can doctors be sure that a person will die if he is not given blood? 11 Does this put God’s servants at a disadvantage in comparison with persons who ignore the Bible and take blood transfusions? No, it works no real hardship on them. Do not forget that, immediately after telling Christians to ‘keep themselves from blood,’ the Scripture says: “If you carefully keep yourselves from these things, you will prosper. Good health to you!” (Acts 15:29) God had that recorded in the Bible for a purpose. He knows what he is talking about! He knows more about blood than do doctors whose efforts, though they may be well meaning, do not always produce the desired results. (Mark 5:25-29) The fact is that, while most patients survive blood transfusions, many become diseased as a result of them and thousands die every year as a direct result of them. There are other forms of treatment that do not cause such harm. A doctor may tell a person that he will be dead within a short time if he does not submit to a transfusion, but the patient may die even though he accepts blood. On the other hand, as you know, there are many patients who regain good health in spite of a doctor’s predictions to the contrary. 12. (a) Why is it not wise to try to save one’s life by breaking God’s law? (b) Is our present life more precious than loyalty to God? 12 For the doubtful chance that one might be kept alive for a few more years in this system of things, would it make good sense to turn one’s back on God by breaking his law? If we try to save our life, or soul, by breaking God’s law, we will lose it everlastingly. That is why Jesus said: “Whoever wants to save his soul will lose it; but whoever loses his soul for my sake will find it.” (Matthew 16:25) So the wise course is always to have confidence in the rightness of God’s law and full faith that, if need be, God can give us life again by a resurrection in his new system of things. (1 Thessalonians 4:13, 14) In that way we will show godly respect for life. We will not view our present life as being more precious than loyalty to God. Instead, we will keep our eye on God’s provision of eternal life for those who walk in the way of the truth. 13. (a) Rather than by blood transfusions, how only can salvation be had? (b) What do we need to do in order to be “clean from the blood of all men,” as the apostle Paul was? 13 As never before, there is an urgent need for people everywhere to get God’s viewpoint of life. They need to learn of the provision that Jehovah God himself has made to save life. He sent his Son Jesus Christ to shed his own lifeblood on behalf of those who will exercise faith, and he resurrected him from the dead. (Hebrews 13:20, 21) It is not by blood transfusions but only by means of faith in Jesus’ shed blood that salvation can be had. And it is urgent to gain and exercise that faith now before this old system of things comes to its end. If we have learned about this loving provision, then we should feel moved to tell others about it. Godly concern for the lives of other people will move us to do it with zeal and boldness. (Ezekiel 3:17-21) If we shoulder this responsibility and persist in it until they have all had opportunity to hear, we will be able to say, as did the apostle Paul: “I am clean from the blood of all men, for I have not held back from telling you all the counsel of God.”​—Acts 20:26, 27.

“Look!” booklet (mn) 1970

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/look-booklet-mn

For Your Bible Reading and Study We recommend the following Bible translations: The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures: An excellent, modern-English translation of the Holy Bible. It is a Bible translation that is easy to read because difficult-to-understand, archaic language has been replaced with forceful modern English throughout its pages. Hardbound green cover with gold-embossed input. Sent anywhere, postpaid, for $1. The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures: A Bible translation that can specially serve as a safeguard against error in these days when many religious leaders are teaching twisted things. (1 Timothy 4:1) This Bible translation digs down into the literal meaning of the original Bible language. The left-hand column contains the Greek text. Under each Greek word is placed its basic meaning. In the right-hand parallel column one finds the modern-language New World Translation. 1,184 pages, clothbound, $2 a copy. Write to Watchtower, using an address from the next page. [Addresses of branch offices] (See publication)

Sing Praises (ssb) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/Ssb

Song 178 The Excelling “Peace of God” (Philippians 4:7) 1. The peace of God excels. It so pow’rfully dispels Apprehension and all tension, So within us calm now dwells. God’s peace protects the mind, Keeps the heart to him inclined, Holds us steady, always ready —With his Kingdom we’re aligned. 2. Anxiety and stress All humanity oppress. They’re abounding and confounding, Moving men to bitterness. But we are not upset, For our God we’ll ne’er forget. His affection and protection Give us peace; we need not fret. 3. On God we can rely. All our needs he will supply. Ne’er fallacious, ever gracious, He will guide us till we die. His peace is like the dew, Bringing joys that are not few. With God’s blessing we’re progressing As we seek God’s will to do.

Education (ed) 2015

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/education-ed

The Purpose of This Brochure DUTCH philosopher Spinoza wrote: “I have striven not to laugh at human actions, not to weep at them, nor to hate them, but to understand them.” As an educator, you face the challenge of trying to understand the views, backgrounds, and convictions of the students in your care, including pupils who are children of Jehovah’s Witnesses. At times, such students may take what seems to be an unconventional stand on certain issues. But when such actions clearly spring from a student’s religious and moral convictions, they merit your attention. This brochure is produced by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (the publishing agency of Jehovah’s Witnesses) and is designed to help you better understand Witness students. We hope you will take the time to read it carefully. Understanding the religious beliefs of another does not require that you accept or follow them, and to inform is not to proselytize. This brochure does not seek to impose the Witnesses’ religious views on you or on your students. Our desire is simply to inform you about the principles and beliefs that some of your students are being taught by their parents so that you will find it easier both to understand Witness children and to work with them. Of course, what children are taught and what they do may not always harmonize, as each child is learning to develop his own conscience. Like most parents, Jehovah’s Witnesses want their children to make the most of their schooling. To that end, they teach their children to cooperate with their teachers. In return, Witness parents and their children appreciate it when educators treat them with understanding and respect. Jehovah’s Witnesses are Christians who are known worldwide. However, they are at times misunderstood. Our hope, therefore, is that this brochure will help you to understand better the Witness children you have in your care. In particular, we hope you will see why, in certain specific situations, they may claim the right to be different.

“All Scripture” (si) 1990

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/books/all-scripture-si

Bible Book Number 42​—Luke Writer: Luke Place Written: Caesarea Writing Completed: c. 56–58 C.E. Time Covered: 3 B.C.E.–33 C.E. 1. What kind of Gospel did Luke write? THE Gospel of Luke was written by a man with a keen mind and a kind heart, and this fine blend of qualities, with the guidance of God’s spirit, has resulted in an account that is both accurate and full of warmth and feeling. In the opening verses, he says, “I resolved also, because I have traced all things from the start with accuracy, to write them in logical order to you.” His detailed, meticulous presentation fully bears out this claim.​—Luke 1:3. 2, 3. What external and internal evidence points to the physician Luke as writer of this Gospel? 2 Although Luke is nowhere named in the account, ancient authorities are agreed that he was the writer. The Gospel is attributed to Luke in the Muratorian Fragment (c. 170 C.E.) and was accepted by such second-century writers as Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria. Internal evidence also points strongly to Luke. Paul speaks of him at Colossians 4:14 as “Luke the beloved physician,” and his work is of the scholarly order one would expect from a well-educated man, such as a doctor. His fine choice of language and his extensive vocabulary, larger than that of the other three Gospel writers combined, make possible a most careful and comprehensive treatment of his vital subject. His account of the prodigal son is regarded by some as the best short story ever written. 3 Luke uses more than 300 medical terms or words to which he gives a medical meaning that are not used in the same way (if they are used at all) by the other writers of the Christian Greek Scriptures.a For example, when speaking of leprosy, Luke does not always use the same term as the others. To them leprosy is leprosy, but to the physician, there are different stages of leprosy, as when Luke speaks of “a man full of leprosy.” Lazarus, he says, was “full of ulcers.” No other Gospel writer says that Peter’s mother-in-law had “a high fever.” (5:12; 16:20; 4:38) Although the other three tell us of Peter’s cutting off the ear of the slave of the high priest, only Luke mentions that Jesus healed him. (22:51) It is like a doctor to say of a woman that she had “a spirit of weakness for eighteen years, and she was bent double and was unable to raise herself up at all.” And who but “Luke the beloved physician” would have recorded in such detail the first aid rendered to a man by the Samaritan who “bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine upon them”?​—13:11; 10:34. 4. When, probably, was Luke written, and what circumstances support this view? 4 When did Luke write his Gospel? Acts 1:1 indicates that the writer of Acts (who was also Luke) had earlier composed “the first account,” the Gospel. Acts was most probably completed about 61 C.E. while Luke was in Rome with Paul, who was awaiting his appeal to Caesar. So the Gospel account was probably written by Luke in Caesarea about 56-58 C.E., after he returned with Paul from Philippi at the end of Paul’s third missionary journey and while Paul was waiting two years in prison at Caesarea before being taken to Rome for his appeal. Since Luke was there in Palestine, during this time he was well situated to ‘trace all things from the start with accuracy’ concerning the life and ministry of Jesus. Thus, Luke’s account appears to have preceded Mark’s Gospel. 5. From what sources may Luke have ‘traced with accuracy’ the events of Jesus’ life? 5 Luke was not, of course, an eyewitness of all the events he records in his Gospel, not being one of the 12 and probably not even a believer until after Jesus’ death. However, he was very closely associated with Paul in the missionary field. (2 Tim. 4:11; Philem. 24) So, as might be expected, his writing shows evidence of Paul’s influence, as can be seen by comparing their two accounts of the Lord’s Evening Meal, at Luke 22:19, 20 and; 1 Corinthians 11:23-25. As a further source of material, Luke could have referred to Matthew’s Gospel. In ‘tracing all things with accuracy,’ he would be able personally to interview many eyewitnesses of the events of Jesus’ life, such as the surviving disciples and possibly Jesus’ mother, Mary. We can be sure that he left no stone unturned in assembling the reliable details. 6. How much of Luke’s Gospel is unique with him, and for whom did he write? Why do you so answer? 6 It becomes clear on examining the four Gospel accounts that the writers do not simply repeat one another’s narratives, nor do they write solely to provide several witnesses for this most vital Bible record. Luke’s account is most individualistic in its treatment. In all, 59 percent of his Gospel is unique with him. He records at least six specific miracles and more than twice that number of illustrations that are not mentioned in the other Gospel accounts, devoting one third of his Gospel to narrative and two thirds to the spoken word; his Gospel is the longest of the four. Matthew wrote primarily for the Jews, and Mark for non-Jewish readers, especially the Romans. Luke’s Gospel was addressed to the “most excellent Theophilus” and through him to other persons, both Jews and non-Jews. (Luke 1:3, 4) In giving his account a universal appeal, he traces the genealogy of Jesus back to “Adam, son of God,” and not just to Abraham, as does Matthew in writing specially for the Jews. He particularly notes the prophetic words of Simeon that Jesus would be the means of “removing the veil from the nations,” and tells that “all flesh will see the saving means of God.”​—3:38; 2:29-32; 3:6. 7. What testifies strongly to the authenticity of Luke’s Gospel? 7 Throughout his writing, Luke proves to be an outstanding narrator, his accounts being well arranged and accurate. These qualities of accuracy and fidelity in Luke’s writings are strong proof of their authenticity. A legal writer once observed: “While romances, legends and false testimony are careful to place events related in some distant place and some indefinite time, thereby violating the first rules we lawyers learn of good pleading, that ‘the declaration must give time and place,’ the Bible narratives give us the date and place of the things related with the utmost precision.”b In proof he cited Luke 3:1, 2: “In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was district ruler of Galilee, but Philip his brother was district ruler of the country of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was district ruler of Abilene, in the days of chief priest Annas and of Caiaphas, God’s declaration came to John the son of Zechariah in the wilderness.” There is no indefiniteness here as to time or place, but Luke names no less than seven public officials so that we can establish the time of the beginning of John’s ministry and that of Jesus. 8. How does Luke indicate the time of Jesus’ birth “with accuracy”? 8 Luke also gives us two pointers for fixing the time of Jesus’ birth when he says, at Luke 2:1, 2: “Now in those days a decree went forth from Caesar Augustus for all the inhabited earth to be registered; (this first registration took place when Quirinius was governor of Syria).” This was when Joseph and Mary went up to Bethlehem to be registered, and Jesus was born while they were there.c We cannot but agree with the commentator who says: “It is one of the most searching tests of Luke’s historical sense that he always manages to achieve perfect accuracy.”d We must acknowledge as valid Luke’s claim to have “traced all things from the start with accuracy.” 9. What prophecy of Jesus, recorded by Luke, had a remarkable fulfillment in 70 C.E.? 9 Luke also points out how the prophecies of the Hebrew Scriptures were accurately fulfilled in Jesus Christ. He quotes Jesus’ inspired testimony on this. (24:27, 44) Further, he accurately records Jesus’ own prophecies concerning future events, and many of these have already had remarkable fulfillments in all their foretold detail. For example, Jerusalem was surrounded by siegeworks of pointed stakes and perished in a frightful holocaust in 70 C.E., just as Jesus foretold. (Luke 19:43, 44; 21:20-24; Matt. 24:2) The secular historian Flavius Josephus, who was an eyewitness with the Roman army, testifies that the countryside was denuded of trees to a distance of about ten miles [16 km] to provide stakes, that the siege wall was four and a half miles [7.2 km] long, that many women and children died from famine, and that more than 1,000,000 Jews lost their lives and 97,000 were taken captive. To this day, the Arch of Titus in Rome portrays the Roman victory procession with spoils of war from Jerusalem’s temple.e We can be sure that other inspired prophecies recorded by Luke will be just as accurately fulfilled. outputS OF LUKE 10. What did Luke set out to do? 10 Luke’s introduction (1:1-4). Luke records that he has traced all things from the start with accuracy and that he has resolved to write them in logical order so that the “most excellent Theophilus . . . may know fully the certainty” of these things.​—1:3, 4. 11. What joyful events are related in the first chapter of Luke? 11 The early years of Jesus’ life (1:5–2:52). An angel appears to the aged priest Zechariah with the joyful news that he will have a son whom he is to call John. But until the boy is born, Zechariah will not be able to speak. As promised, his wife, Elizabeth, becomes pregnant, though also “well along in years.” About six months later, the angel Gabriel appears to Mary and tells her that she will conceive by “power of the Most High” and bear a son who is to be called Jesus. Mary visits Elizabeth and, after a happy greeting, declares exultantly: “My soul magnifies Jehovah, and my spirit cannot keep from being overjoyed at God my Savior.” She speaks of Jehovah’s holy name and of his great mercy toward those who fear him. At John’s birth, Zechariah’s tongue is loosed to declare also God’s mercy and that John will be a prophet who will make Jehovah’s way ready.​—1:7, 35, 46, 47. 12. What is stated concerning Jesus’ birth and childhood? 12 In due course, Jesus is born at Bethlehem, and an angel announces this “good news of a great joy” to shepherds watching their flocks at night. Circumcision is carried out according to the Law, and then, when Jesus’ parents “present him to Jehovah” at the temple, the aged Simeon and the prophetess Anna speak concerning the child. Back in Nazareth, he ‘continues growing and getting strong, being filled with wisdom, and God’s favor continues with him.’ (2:10, 22, 40) At the age of 12, on a visit from Nazareth to Jerusalem, Jesus amazes the teachers with his understanding and his answers. 13. What does John preach, and what occurs at Jesus’ baptism and immediately thereafter? 13 Preparation for the ministry (3:1–4:13). In the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, God’s declaration comes to John the son of Zechariah, and he goes “preaching baptism in symbol of repentance for forgiveness of sins,” that all flesh may “see the saving means of God.” (3:3, 6) When all the people are baptized at the Jordan, Jesus is also baptized, and as he prays, the holy spirit descends on him, and his Father expresses approval from heaven. Jesus Christ is now about 30 years of age. (Luke supplies his genealogy.) Following his baptism, the spirit leads Jesus about in the wilderness for 40 days. Here the Devil tempts him without success and then retires “until another convenient time.”​—4:13. 14. Where does Jesus make clear his commission, what is it, and how do his hearers respond? 14 Jesus’ early ministry, largely in Galilee (4:14–9:62). In the synagogue of his hometown of Nazareth, Jesus makes clear his commission, reading and applying to himself the prophecy of Isaiah 61:1, 2: “Jehovah’s spirit is upon me, because he anointed me to declare good news to the poor, he sent me forth to preach a release to the captives and a recovery of sight to the blind, to send the crushed ones away with a release, to preach Jehovah’s acceptable year.” (4:18, 19) The people’s initial pleasure at his words turns to anger as he continues his discourse, and they attempt to do away with him. So he moves down to Capernaum, where he heals many people. Crowds follow him and try to detain him, but he tells them: “Also to other cities I must declare the good news of the kingdom of God, because for this I was sent forth.” (4:43) He goes on to preach in the synagogues of Judea. 15. Describe the calling of Peter, James, and John, as well as that of Matthew. 15 In Galilee, Jesus provides Simon (also called Peter), James, and John with a miraculous catch of fish. He tells Simon: “From now on you will be catching men alive.” So they abandon everything and follow him. Jesus continues in prayer and in teaching, and ‘Jehovah’s power is there for him to do healing.’ (5:10, 17) He calls Levi (Matthew), a despised tax collector, who honors Jesus with a big feast, attended also by “a great crowd of tax collectors.” (5:29) This results in the first of a number of encounters with the Pharisees that leave them maddened and conspiring to do him harm. 16. (a) Following what does Jesus choose the 12 apostles? (b) What points are highlighted by Luke in giving a parallel version of the Sermon on the Mount? 16 After a whole night of prayer to God, Jesus chooses 12 apostles from among his disciples. Further works of healing follow. Then he gives the sermon recorded at Luke 6:20-49, paralleling in shorter form the Sermon on the Mount at Matthew chapters 5 to 7. Jesus draws the contrast: “Happy are you poor, because yours is the kingdom of God. But woe to you rich persons, because you are having your consolation in full.” (6:20, 24) He admonishes his hearers to love their enemies, to be merciful, to practice giving, and to bring forth good out of the good treasure of the heart. 17. (a) What miracles does Jesus next perform? (b) How does Jesus answer the messengers of John the Baptizer concerning whether Jesus is the Messiah? 17 Returning to Capernaum, Jesus receives a request from an army officer to cure an ailing slave. He feels unworthy to have Jesus under his roof and asks Jesus to “say the word” from where he is. Accordingly, the slave is healed, and Jesus is moved to comment: “I tell you, Not even in Israel have I found so great a faith.” (7:7, 9) For the first time, Jesus raises a dead person, the only son of a widow of Nain, for whom he “was moved with pity.” (7:13) As the news concerning Jesus spreads through Judea, John the Baptizer sends to him from prison to ask, “Are you the Coming One?” In answer Jesus tells the messengers: “Go your way, report to John what you saw and heard: the blind are receiving sight, the lame are walking, the lepers are being cleansed and the deaf are hearing, the dead are being raised up, the poor are being told the good news. And happy is he who has not stumbled over me.”​—7:19, 22, 23. 18. With what illustrations, works, and words of counsel does the Kingdom preaching continue? 18 Accompanied by the 12, Jesus goes “from city to city and from village to village, preaching and declaring the good news of the kingdom of God.” He gives the illustration of the sower, and he rounds out the discussion by saying: “Therefore, pay attention to how you listen; for whoever has, more will be given him, but whoever does not have, even what he imagines he has will be taken away from him.” (8:1, 18) Jesus continues to perform wonderful works and miracles. He also gives the 12 authority over the demons and the power to cure sicknesses and sends them forth “to preach the kingdom of God and to heal.” Five thousand are miraculously fed. Jesus is transfigured on the mountain and the following day heals a demon-possessed boy whom the disciples could not cure. He cautions those who want to follow him: “Foxes have dens and birds of heaven have roosts, but the Son of man has nowhere to lay down his head.” To be fit for the Kingdom of God, a person must set his hand to the plow and not look back.​—9:2, 58. 19. How does Jesus illustrate true love of neighbor? 19 Jesus’ later Judean ministry (10:1–13:21). Jesus sends out 70 others into “the harvest,” and they are filled with joy at the success of their ministry. As he is preaching, a man, wanting to prove himself righteous, asks Jesus: “Who really is my neighbor?” In answer, Jesus gives the illustration of the neighborly Samaritan. A man, lying on the roadside half-dead from a beating by robbers, is ignored by a passing priest and by a Levite. It is a despised Samaritan who stops, tenderly cares for his wounds, lifts him up on his own beast, brings him to an inn, and pays for him to be taken care of. Yes, it is “the one that acted mercifully toward him” who made himself neighbor.​—10:2, 29, 37. 20. (a) What point does Jesus make with Martha and Mary? (b) What stress does he lay on prayer? 20 In Martha’s house, Jesus mildly rebukes her for becoming overly anxious about her household chores, and he commends Mary for choosing the better part, sitting down and listening to his word. To his disciples he teaches the model prayer and also the need for persistence in prayer, saying: “Keep on asking, and it will be given you; keep on seeking, and you will find.” Later he expels demons and declares happy “those hearing the word of God and keeping it.” While at a meal, he clashes with the Pharisees over the Law and pronounces woes upon them for taking away “the key of knowledge.”​—11:9, 28, 52. 21. What warning does Jesus give against covetousness, and what does he urge his disciples to do? 21 As he is again with the crowds, a certain one urges Jesus: “Tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.” Jesus goes to the heart of the problem in replying: “Keep your eyes open and guard against every sort of covetousness, because even when a person has an abundance his life does not result from the things he possesses.” Then he gives the illustration of the wealthy man who tore down his storehouses to build bigger ones, only to die that very night and leave his wealth to others. Jesus concisely makes the point: “So it goes with the man that lays up treasure for himself but is not rich toward God.” After urging his disciples to seek first God’s Kingdom, Jesus tells them: “Have no fear, little flock, because your Father has approved of giving you the kingdom.” His healing on the Sabbath of a woman who has been sick for 18 years leads to a further clash with his opposers, who are put to shame.​—12:13, 15, 21, 32. 22. By what pointed illustrations does Jesus instruct concerning the Kingdom? 22 Jesus’ later ministry, largely in Perea (13:22–19:27). Jesus uses colorful word illustrations in pointing his hearers to the Kingdom of God. He shows that those who seek prominence and honor will be abased. Let the one who spreads a feast invite the poor, who cannot repay; he will be happy and be “repaid in the resurrection of the righteous ones.” Next, there is the illustration of the man spreading a grand evening meal. One after another the invited ones make excuses: One has bought a field, another has purchased some oxen, and another has just married a wife. In anger the householder sends out to bring in “the poor and crippled and blind and lame,” and he declares that none of those first invited will have so much as “a taste” of his meal. (14:14, 21, 24) He gives the illustration of the lost sheep that is found, saying, “I tell you that thus there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner that repents than over ninety-nine righteous ones who have no need of repentance.” (15:7) The illustration of the woman who sweeps her house to recover one drachma coin makes a similar point.f 23. What is illustrated in the account of the prodigal son? 23 Jesus then tells of the prodigal son who asked his father for his share in the property and then squandered it “by living a debauched life.” Falling into dire need, the son came to his senses and returned home to throw himself upon his father’s mercy. His father, moved with pity, “ran and fell upon his neck and tenderly kissed him.” Fine clothing was provided, a big feast was prepared, and “they started to enjoy themselves.” But the elder brother objected. In kindness his father set him straight: “Child, you have always been with me, and all the things that are mine are yours; but we just had to enjoy ourselves and rejoice, because this your brother was dead and came to life, and he was lost and was found.”​—15:13, 20, 24, 31, 32. 24. What truths does Jesus emphasize in the illustrations of the rich man and Lazarus as well as of the Pharisee and the tax collector? 24 On hearing the illustration of the unrighteous steward, the money-loving Pharisees sneer at Jesus’ teaching, but he tells them: “You are those who declare yourselves righteous before men, but God knows your hearts; because what is lofty among men is a disgusting thing in God’s sight.” (16:15) By the illustration of the rich man and Lazarus, he shows how great is the chasm that is fixed between those favored and those disapproved by God. Jesus warns the disciples that there will be causes for stumbling, but “woe to the one through whom they come!” He speaks of difficulties to appear “when the Son of man is to be revealed.” “Remember the wife of Lot,” he tells them. (17:1, 30, 32) By an illustration, he gives assurance that God will certainly act in behalf of those who “cry out to him day and night.” (18:7) Then, by another illustration, he reproves the self-righteous: A Pharisee, praying in the temple, thanks God that he is not like other men. A tax collector, standing at a distance and not willing even to raise his eyes to heaven, prays: “O God, be gracious to me a sinner.” How does Jesus evaluate this? He declares the tax collector to be more righteous than the Pharisee, “because everyone that exalts himself will be humiliated, but he that humbles himself will be exalted.” (18:13, 14) Jesus is entertained at Jericho by the tax collector Zacchaeus and gives the illustration of the ten minas, contrasting the result of faithfully using entrusted interests with that of hiding them away. 25. How does Jesus enter upon the final stage of his ministry, and what prophetic warnings does he give? 25 Final public ministry in and around Jerusalem (19:28–23:25). As Jesus rides into Jerusalem on a colt and is hailed by the multitude of the disciples as “the One coming as the King in Jehovah’s name,” the Pharisees call on him to rebuke his disciples. Jesus replies: “If these remained silent, the stones would cry out.” (19:38, 40) He gives his memorable prophecy of Jerusalem’s destruction, saying that she will be surrounded with pointed stakes, distressed, and dashed to the ground with her children and that not one stone will be left on another. Jesus teaches the people in the temple, declaring the good news and answering the subtle questions of the chief priests, the scribes, and the Sadducees by skillful illustrations and argumentation. Jesus gives a powerful portrayal of the great sign of the end, mentioning again the surrounding of Jerusalem by encamped armies. Men will become faint out of fear at the things coming to pass, but when these things occur, his followers are to ‘raise themselves erect and lift their heads up, because their deliverance is getting near.’ They are to keep awake to succeed in escaping what is destined to occur.​—21:28. 26. (a) What covenants does Jesus introduce, and with what does he associate them? (b) How is Jesus strengthened under trial, and what rebuke does he give at the time of his arrest? 26 It is now Nisan 14, 33 C.E. Jesus holds the Passover and then introduces “the new covenant” to his faithful apostles, associating this with the symbolic meal that he commands them to observe in remembrance of him. He also tells them: “I make a covenant with you, just as my Father has made a covenant with me, for a kingdom.” (22:20, 29) That same night, as Jesus prays at the Mount of Olives, ‘an angel from heaven appears to him and strengthens him. But getting into an agony, he continues praying more earnestly; and his sweat becomes as drops of blood falling to the ground.’ The atmosphere grows tense as Judas the betrayer leads in the mob to arrest Jesus. The disciples cry: “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?” One of them does lop off the ear of the high priest’s slave, but Jesus rebukes them and heals the wounded man.​—22:43, 44, 49. 27. (a) Wherein does Peter fail? (b) What charges are brought against Jesus, and under what circumstances is he tried and sentenced? 27 Jesus is hustled along to the high priest’s house for questioning, and in the chill of the night, Peter mingles with the crowd around a fire. On three occasions he is accused of being a follower of Jesus, and three times he denies it. Then the cock crows. The Lord turns and looks upon Peter, and Peter, recalling how Jesus had foretold this very thing, goes out and weeps bitterly. After being haled into the Sanhedrin hall, Jesus is now led before Pilate and accused of subverting the nation, forbidding payment of taxes, and “saying he himself is Christ a king.” Learning that Jesus is a Galilean, Pilate sends him to Herod, who happens to be in Jerusalem at the time. Herod and his guards make fun of Jesus and send him back for trial before a frenzied mob. Pilate ‘surrenders Jesus to their will.’​—23:2, 25. 28. (a) What does Jesus promise to the thief who shows faith in him? (b) What does Luke record concerning Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection? 28 Jesus’ death, resurrection, and ascension (23:26–24:53). Jesus is impaled between two evildoers. One taunts him, but the other manifests faith and asks to be remembered in Jesus’ Kingdom. Jesus promises: “Truly I tell you today, You will be with me in Paradise.” (23:43) Then an unusual darkness falls, the curtain of the sanctuary is rent down the middle, and Jesus cries out: “Father, into your hands I entrust my spirit.” At this he expires, and his body is taken down and laid in a tomb carved in the rock. On the first day of the week, the women who have come with him from Galilee go to the tomb but cannot find Jesus’ body. Just as he himself foretold, he has risen on the third day!​—23:46. 29. With what joyful account does Luke’s Gospel conclude? 29 Appearing unidentified to two of his disciples on the road to Emmaus, Jesus speaks of his sufferings and interprets the Scriptures to them. Suddenly they recognize him, but he disappears. Now they comment: “Were not our hearts burning as he was speaking to us on the road, as he was fully opening up the Scriptures to us?” They hurry back to Jerusalem to tell the other disciples. Even while they are speaking these things, Jesus appears in their midst. They cannot believe it for sheer joy and wonderment. Then he ‘opens up their minds fully to grasp’ from the Scriptures the meaning of all that has happened. Luke concludes his Gospel account with a description of the ascension of Jesus to heaven.​—24:32, 45. WHY BENEFICIAL 30, 31. (a) How does Luke build confidence that the Hebrew Scriptures are inspired of God? (b) What words of Jesus does Luke quote to support this? 30 The good news “according to Luke” builds a person’s confidence in the Word of God and strengthens his faith so he can stand against the buffetings of an alien world. Luke supplies many examples of accurate fulfillments of the Hebrew Scriptures. Jesus is shown drawing his commission in specific terms from the book of Isaiah, and Luke seems to use this as a theme throughout the book. (Luke 4:17-19; Isa. 61:1, 2) This was one of the occasions of Jesus’ quoting from the Prophets. He also quoted from the Law, as when rejecting the Devil’s three temptations, and from the Psalms, as when asking his adversaries, “How is it they say that the Christ is David’s son?” Luke’s account contains many other quotations from the Hebrew Scriptures.​—Luke 4:4, 8, 12; 20:41-44; Deut. 8:3; 6:13, 16; Ps. 110:1. 31 When Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a colt as foretold at Zechariah 9:9, the multitudes hailed him joyously, applying to him the scripture at Psalm 118:26. (Luke 19:35-38) In one place two verses of Luke are sufficient to cover six points that the Hebrew Scriptures prophesied concerning Jesus’ reproachful death and his resurrection. (Luke 18:32, 33; Ps. 22:7; Isa. 50:6; 53:5-7; Jonah 1:17) Finally, after his resurrection, Jesus forcefully brought home to the disciples the importance of the entire Hebrew Scriptures. “He now said to them: ‘These are my words which I spoke to you while I was yet with you, that all the things written in the law of Moses and in the Prophets and Psalms about me must be fulfilled.’ Then he opened up their minds fully to grasp the meaning of the Scriptures.” (Luke 24:44, 45) Like those first disciples of Jesus Christ, we too can be enlightened and gain strong faith by paying attention to the fulfillments of the Hebrew Scriptures, so accurately explained by Luke and the other writers of the Christian Greek Scriptures. 32. How does Luke’s account highlight the Kingdom and what our attitude should be toward the Kingdom? 32 Throughout his account, Luke continually points his reader to the Kingdom of God. From the beginning of the book, where the angel promises Mary that the child she will bear “will rule as king over the house of Jacob forever, and there will be no end of his kingdom,” to the closing chapters, where Jesus speaks of taking the apostles into the covenant for the Kingdom, Luke highlights the Kingdom hope. (1:33; 22:28, 29) He shows Jesus taking the lead in Kingdom preaching and sending out the 12 apostles, and later the 70, to do this very work. (4:43; 9:1, 2; 10:1, 8, 9) The single-minded devotion needed in order to enter the Kingdom is underlined by Jesus’ pointed words: “Let the dead bury their dead, but you go away and declare abroad the kingdom of God,” and, “No man that has put his hand to a plow and looks at the things behind is well fitted for the kingdom of God.”​—9:60, 62. 33. Give examples of Luke’s emphasis on prayer. What lesson can we draw from this? 33 Luke emphasizes the matter of prayer. His Gospel is outstanding in this. It tells of the multitude praying while Zechariah was in the temple, of John the Baptizer being born in answer to prayers for a child, and of Anna the prophetess praying night and day. It describes Jesus’ praying at the time of his baptism, his spending the whole night in prayer before choosing the 12, and his praying during the transfiguration. Jesus admonishes his disciples “always to pray and not to give up,” illustrating this by a persistent widow who continually petitioned a judge until he gave her justice. Only Luke tells of the disciples’ request for Jesus to teach them to pray and of the angel’s strengthening Jesus as he prayed on the Mount of Olives; and he alone records the words of Jesus’ final prayer: “Father, into your hands I entrust my spirit.” (1:10, 13; 2:37; 3:21; 6:12; 9:28, 29; 18:1-8; 11:1; 22:39-46; 23:46) As in the day when Luke recorded his Gospel, so today prayer is a vital provision for strengthening all who are doing the divine will. 34. What qualities of Jesus does Luke stress as fine precedents for Christians? 34 With his keenly observant mind and his fluent, descriptive pen, Luke gives warmth and vibrant life to Jesus’ teaching. The love, kindness, mercy, and compassion of Jesus toward the weak, oppressed, and downtrodden show up in sharp contrast to the cold, formal, narrow, hypocritical religion of the scribes and Pharisees. (4:18; 18:9) Jesus gives constant encouragement and help to the poor, the captives, the blind, and the crushed ones, thus providing splendid precedents for those who are seeking to “follow his steps closely.”​—1 Pet. 2:21. 35. Why can we be truly grateful to Jehovah for his provision of Luke’s Gospel? 35 Just as Jesus, the perfect, wonder-working Son of God, manifested loving concern for his disciples and all men of honest heart, we also should strive to carry out our ministry in love, yes, “because of the tender compassion of our God.” (Luke 1:78) To this end the good news “according to Luke” is indeed most beneficial and helpful. We can be truly grateful to Jehovah for inspiring Luke, “the beloved physician,” to write this accurate, upbuilding, and encouraging account, pointing as it does to salvation through the Kingdom by Jesus Christ, “the saving means of God.”​—Col. 4:14; Luke 3:6. [Footnotes] a The Medical Language of Luke, 1954, W. K. Hobart, pages xi-xxviii. b A Lawyer Examines the Bible, 1943, I. H. Linton, page 38. c Insight on the Scriptures, Vol. 2, pages 766-7. d Modern Discovery and the Bible, 1955, A. Rendle Short, page 211. e The Jewish War, V, 491-515, 523 (xii, 1-4); VI, 420 (ix, 3); see also Insight on the Scriptures, Vol. 2, pages 751-2. f A drachma was a Greek silver coin weighing about 0.109 oz. troy [3.4 g].

Watching the World

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101983012

Watching the World Clergy Garb “Unchristian” ● A clergyman in Britain has called the distinctive dress of the clergy “basically unchristian.” Writing in the journal Theology, Lincolnshire vicar Martin Down explains: “Clerical dress can be a real barrier to communication between clergy and laity.” As to the so-called dog-collar, cleric Down writes: “Because he wears a peculiar collar what the clergyman has to say is taken out of the realm of ordinary realistic conversation and becomes, like him, a part of some other unreal world which the clergyman alone inhabits.” High Cost of Gambling ● In spite of Spain’s high unemployment rate and the general economic crisis that plagues many nations, Spaniards gambled away an estimated 10 percent of their average salaries during 1981. A total of 266,000,000,000 pesetas ($2,330,000,000, U.S.) was spent just on State-authorized bingo, and an additional 288,000,000,000 pesetas ($2,530,000,000) on the State lottery, football pool and in casinos. The total of 554,000,000,000 pesetas ($4,860,000,000) makes one think of the many who have been deprived of basic necessities due to this vice. And even in regard to the few who win, Proverbs 13:11 observes: “Wealth from gambling quickly disappears; wealth from hard work grows.”​—The Living Bible. Hazards of Bloodstains ● Handling bloodstained exhibits can be dangerous to your health​—so warned a judge in Britain. In a court case at Chester Crown Court, beer glasses smeared with coagulated blood were about to be handed to the jury, but Judge Robin David stopped the procedure. According to the Liverpool Daily Post, he told the jury: “Forensic scientists now say there is a considerable risk of infection from dried blood. It can give rise to very severe infection.” The court staff were given surgeon’s gloves to handle the bloodstained exhibits. Avoiding Need for Money Bags ● Though Turkey had a 133-percent inflation rate in 1980, it has now brought the rate down to 30 percent. To help cope with handling large quantities of currency ravaged by inflation, the country recently put into circulation Turkish 10,000-lira bills, worth about $60 (U.S.). The new bills, said the central bank governor, were needed because of “developments concerning the value of money” and to prevent Turks from carrying money around “in bags.” Grooming Codes in Vogue ● The Administrative Management Society surveyed 366 U.S. companies to see whether they had grooming codes for their employees, specifying hair length, and so forth. The study revealed that 60 percent of the firms had formal or informal grooming codes. What happened to employees who repeatedly violated the codes? The survey showed that 20 percent of the companies suspended offenders without pay and 35 percent discharged them. War-confused Whales ● More casualties have been attributed to the Falkland Islands war. Professor Daniel Torres, an expert on marine mammals, with the Antarctic Institute of Chile, commented on the death of 57 stranded whales near Punta Arenas, at the extreme south of Chile. “The recent war in the Falklands, with its many underwater explosions,” explained the professor, “caused the Cetaceans to lose their bearings.” Africa Fights Illiteracy ● Delegates to the Fifth African Conference of Ministers of Education and Economic Planning, sponsored by UNESCO in Zimbabwe, urged African governments to strive to eradicate illiteracy by the year 2000. It is estimated that in 1980 Africa had 156 million adult illiterates out of a population of 470 million. According to a report in the New Nigerian newspaper, Tanzania is the most literate African nation with a literacy rate of 79 percent. The literacy rate is 45 percent in Kenya, 20 percent in the Ivory Coast and 10 percent in Senegal. Nigeria, with a rural literacy rate of 24 percent, has announced a 10-year program to wipe out illiteracy. Ice With “Mystique” ● Yokohama bar patrons have avidly been using 2,000-year-old Greenland glacial ice to cool their drinks. The Japanese importer has predicted that sales of the frozen fad item will reach 20 to 30 tons this year, at about $7.50 (U.S.) per kilogram (2.2 lb). “According to the importers,” reports the Asahi Evening News, “a mystique has begun to develop around their product, with customers maintaining Greenland ice makes drinks taste better.” And some even claim that it “prevents hangovers.” Egypt’s War on Rats ● The Egyptian authorities have decided to wage war against the hordes of rats that threaten the harvest and that also attack man and beast. Some 50,000 specialists were mobilized to work and supervise the campaign. The rat invasion started some time after the Israel-Egypt war of 1967 in the Suez canal zone, resulting in hordes of rats taking up residence in the devastated towns. Female Priesthood in Sweden ● The Swedish State Church Council has decided that the clerical oath can hereafter be given only by a person who fully accepts female priests. The majority of the Council agreed with the idea of letting men and women serve as priests with complete equality. Bertil Gärtner, the bishop of Göteborg, stated that giving in to the view of the majority was the only way to avoid a distracting problem in the Church of Sweden. When Is a Gift “Free”? ● “Third World countries suffering from shortages of water traditionally have been inundated with free gifts of a wide variety of water pumps from Western nations,” observes the Ceylon Daily News of Colombo. But “after nearly two or three years more than 50 percent of the pumps invariably break down.” By then the equipment is considered a necessity, and “to keep these pumps functioning, they are at the mercy of manufacturers​—and have to expend scarce foreign exchange for spares and technical services,” complains the article. “The gift obviously is tied to the purchase of spares.” Opposed to Marriage ● The number of illegitimate children born in the 10 European countries of the Common Market has increased by about 70 percent since 1960. Twenty years ago only one out of every 22 children was born out of wedlock; today it is one out of every 13. Heading the list is Denmark, where one of every three children is born of unwedded parents. Great Britain, France and the Federal Republic of Germany follow. The smallest number of illegitimate births is reported from Belgium and Greece. The German newspaper Bremer Nachrichten quotes population expert Professor H. Jürgens as saying that the growing number of children born out of wedlock underscores the trend toward “emancipation from marriage.” The damage to numberless children caused by this rejection of God-given marriage goes unmentioned. Prodding Parking Offenders ● In many countries, motorists ignore the notice or ticket that shows that they have committed a parking violation, and they do not pay the fine. In Japan the police in six large cities have put into effect a system that has people coming to the police stations to pay their fines. A hardened steel loop is locked onto the door or side mirror. When the offender pays his fine, the loop is unlocked and removed. Motorists are inclined to pay their fine to remove the telltale sign that they are parking offenders. A better option is to obey parking regulations and avoid fines. 22,000 Lawmen Break Law ● Almost 22,000 police constables in Bombay, India, recently rioted over unheeded pay and benefit demands. At least four people died and many were injured in the violent day-long rampage. The disgruntled lawmen led rioting in which hundreds of vehicles were burned, windows smashed and stores looted. Commuter trains were stoned, forcing suspension of rail service. Some 1,000 government troops, together with 8,000 nonstriking police commanding officers, were required to restore order. Desert Encroachment ● Thousands of people from northeastern Nigeria have migrated to neighboring areas because their land has been lost to the Sahara Desert. The droughts of the 1970’s and the cutting down of trees for firewood have contributed to the situation. Already 12 percent of Nigeria’s landmass (1,250,000 hectares [3,100,000 acres]) has been lost, and tree planting and irrigation projects have not checked the desert’s encroachment. A similar situation exists along the Sahara’s northern area where Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco together lose 100,000 hectares (250,000 acres) of productive land annually. Since 600,000,000 people live “under the shadow of advancing deserts” throughout the world, various other projects are being tried, including the large-scale planting of the jojoba bush from Mexico’s Sonoran Desert. Acid Fog ● Los Angeles, California, has long been known for its heavy pollution called “smog,” and acid rain is common too. Now environmental engineers at the California Institute of Technology say that the Los Angeles fog they tested for a six-month period was more dangerous than either smog or acid rain. The fog reportedly was more acidic than the rain, sometimes as bitter as lemon juice, and “it lingers near the ground where it can harm people, plants, cars, and buildings,” reports Science 82 magazine. Acid rainwater mainly harms life in the lakes that receive the water. One of the researchers said that the 12,000 who died during London’s infamous five-day “killer fog” of 1952 were probably victims of acid fog. Fortunately, the sun usually burns off Los Angeles fogs in a few hours. Metrics by the Inch ● Seven years ago the Metric Conversion Act was passed by the U.S. Congress. While it did not compel citizens to adopt the metric system of weights and measures used by most of the rest of the world, the Act was intended to be “firmly persuasive.” What has been the result? “Attempts by both government agencies and private industries to convert to the metric system have met with spotty success,” says David T. Goldman, associate director for planning at the National Bureau of Standards. Why the tardiness? Public support is lacking. No clear-cut government directives have been issued. Also, an economic recession in the United States has discouraged industry from using their funds for costly conversion procedures. Many believe that without firm government action metrification will never become a reality.

Examining the Scriptures—2023 2022

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/examining-the-scriptures/examining-the-scriptures-2023

January Sunday, January 1 Blind guides is what they are.​—Matt. 15:14. Jesus courageously denounced the hypocritical religious practices of his day. For example, he exposed the hypocrisy of the Pharisees, who were more concerned with how they washed their hands than with how they cared for their parents. (Matt. 15:1-11) Jesus did not allow the negative reaction of the religious leaders to stop him from speaking the truth. Jesus also exposed false religious teachings. He did not say that all religious beliefs are acceptable to God. Rather, he spoke of many who would be on the spacious road that leads to destruction, whereas only a few would be on the cramped road to life. (Matt. 7:13, 14) He made it clear that some would appear to serve God, but in reality they were not serving him. He warned: “Be on the watch for the false prophets who come to you in sheep’s covering, but inside they are ravenous wolves. By their fruits you will recognize them.”​—Matt. 7:15-20. w21.05 9 ¶7-8 Monday, January 2 Her face was no longer downcast.​—1 Sam. 1:18. Hannah was married to a Levite named Elkanah, who loved her very much. But Elkanah had another wife, Peninnah. Elkanah loved Hannah more than he loved Peninnah; however, “Peninnah had children, but Hannah had no children.” Because of this, Peninnah taunted Hannah “relentlessly in order to upset her.” Hannah became very upset! “She would weep and not eat.” Yet, there is no record that Hannah tried to take revenge. Instead, she poured out her heart to Jehovah and trusted that he would make matters right. (1 Sam. 1:2, 6, 7, 10) What can we learn from Hannah’s example? If someone tries to compete with you in some way, remember that you are in control of the situation. You do not have to allow yourself to be drawn into the competition. Instead of repaying evil for evil, try to make peace with the person. (Rom. 12:17-21) Even if he does not respond, you will maintain your inner peace. w21.07 17 ¶13-14 Tuesday, January 3 Keep your eyes open and guard against every sort of greed.​—Luke 12:15. Greed led Judas Iscariot to become a despicable traitor. He did not start out that way though. (Luke 6:13, 16) Judas was evidently capable and dependable, for he was in charge of the money box. But at some point, Judas began to steal, despite having heard Jesus’ repeated warnings about greed. (Mark 7:22, 23; Luke 11:39) Judas’ greed became evident during an incident that happened not long before Jesus was put to death. Jesus and his disciples, including Mary and her sister, Martha, were guests of Simon the leper. During the meal, Mary got up and poured on Jesus’ head perfumed oil that cost a lot of money. Judas and the other disciples got very upset. The other disciples may have felt that the money could be better used in the ministry. But Judas’ motive was different. He “was a thief,” and he wanted to steal money from the box.​—John 12:2-6; Matt. 26:6-16; Luke 22:3-6. w21.06 18 ¶12-13 Wednesday, January 4 Miserable man that I am! Who will rescue me?​—Rom. 7:24. Do you sometimes feel weighed down by many responsibilities, unable to cope with them all? If so, you would understand Paul. He felt anxiety, not just for one congregation but “for all the congregations.” (2 Cor. 11:23-28) Do chronic health problems often rob you of your joy? Paul was afflicted by a persistent “thorn in the flesh,” which may have been a physical ailment, and he was desperate to be rid of it. (2 Cor. 12:7-10) Are you discouraged by your own imperfections? So was Paul at times. He called himself a “miserable man” because of his relentless battle with his own imperfections. (Rom. 7:21-24) Despite facing various tests and discouraging circumstances, Paul kept on serving Jehovah. What gave him the strength to do so? Although he was keenly aware of his imperfections, he had unwavering faith in the ransom. w21.04 22 ¶7-8 Thursday, January 5 The Son of man came . . . to give his life as a ransom in exchange for many.​—Mark 10:45. When the perfect man Adam sinned, he lost the opportunity for everlasting life not only for himself but also for his future children. There was no excuse for what Adam did. His sin was deliberate. But what about his children? They had played no role in Adam’s sin. (Rom. 5:12, 14) Could anything be done to rescue them from the death sentence that their forefather so richly deserved? Yes! Soon after Adam sinned, Jehovah progressively revealed how he would rescue millions of Adam’s offspring from the curse of sin and death. (Gen. 3:15) Because of the ransom, we can have a close friendship with Jehovah even though we are imperfect. Because of the ransom, the works of the Devil will be completely broken up. (1 John 3:8) Because of the ransom, Jehovah’s original purpose for the earth will be fulfilled. The entire planet will become a paradise. w21.04 14 ¶1; 19 ¶17 Friday, January 6 Let each one of you be baptized.​—Acts 2:38. A large crowd made up of men and women from many countries and speaking a number of languages had gathered. Something remarkable happened that day. A group of ordinary Jews could speak in the visitors’ native languages! As surprising as that was, what those Jews were saying to them and what the apostle Peter said to all was more remarkable. It included the message that they could be saved by exercising faith in Jesus Christ. The crowd was deeply affected by that message. The people were so moved, in fact, that they asked: “What should we do?” In reply, Peter said: “Let each one of you be baptized.” (Acts 2:37, 38) What happened next was exceptional. Some 3,000 individuals got baptized on that day, becoming disciples of Christ. This was the beginning of the great disciple-making work that Jesus commanded his followers to do. That work has extended to the 21st century. w21.06 2 ¶1-2 Saturday, January 7 I planted, Apollos watered, but God kept making it grow, so that neither is the one who plants anything nor is the one who waters, but God who makes it grow.​—1 Cor. 3:6, 7. We may live in a territory where it is difficult to start Bible studies. People may seem to be indifferent to our message or even opposed to it. What can help us remain positive in such territory? Remember that people’s circumstances can change quickly in this turbulent world, and those who were once not interested may become conscious of their spiritual need. (Matt. 5:3) Some who always in the past refused our literature later accepted a Bible study. We also know that Jehovah is the Master of the harvest. (Matt. 9:38) He wants us to keep planting and watering, but he is the One responsible for the growth. And how encouraging it is to be reminded that even if we are not able to conduct a Bible study at present, Jehovah rewards us based on our efforts, not on our results! w21.07 6 ¶14 Sunday, January 8 Sons are an inheritance from Jehovah.​—Ps. 127:3. Jehovah has given humans the ability to have children, as well as the responsibility to teach them to love and to serve him. Although the angels are highly blessed by Jehovah, they have not been granted this privilege. With that in mind, those who are raising children should treasure their opportunity to do so. Parents have been given a trust, a sacred duty to raise their children in “the discipline and admonition of Jehovah.” (Eph. 6:4; Deut. 6:5-7) In order to help parents, God’s organization provides many Bible-based tools, such as publications, videos, music, and online resources. Clearly, both our heavenly Father and his Son cherish our young ones. (Luke 18:15-17) When parents rely on Jehovah and do their very best to care for their precious children, Jehovah is pleased. And such parents give their children the prospect of becoming part of Jehovah’s family forever! w21.08 5 ¶9 Monday, January 9 Faith is . . . the evident demonstration of realities that are not seen.​—Heb. 11:1. Some people think that having faith means believing in something without proof. But according to the Bible, that is not real faith. Notice that faith in invisible realities, such as Jehovah, Jesus, and the heavenly Kingdom, is based on convincing evidence. (Heb. 11:3) One Witness who is a biochemist put it this way: “Our faith is not blind faith that ignores the facts of science.” We might ask, ‘If convincing evidence of a Creator exists, why do many people believe that God had nothing to do with the origin of life?’ Some have simply never examined the evidence for themselves. Robert, who is now one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, says: “Since creation was never mentioned in school, I assumed that it was not true. It was not until I was in my 20’s that I heard the logical and convincing arguments from the Bible in favor of creation.” w21.08 15 ¶4-5 Tuesday, January 10 Taste and see that Jehovah is good.​—Ps. 34:8. We can learn something about Jehovah’s goodness by reading the Bible as well as by hearing others talk about the blessings they have received. But we will gain a real understanding of how good Jehovah is when we “taste” his goodness for ourselves. To illustrate, suppose we want to engage in some form of the full-time ministry, but in order to reach that goal, we will need to simplify our life. We know Jesus’ promise that if we put Kingdom interests first, Jehovah will provide the things we really need, but we personally have never experienced the fulfillment of that promise. (Matt. 6:33) Nevertheless, with faith in Jesus’ promise, we reduce our expenses, cut down on our secular work, and focus on our ministry. As we do so, we learn through our own experience that Jehovah really does care for our needs. We “taste” Jehovah’s goodness personally. w21.08 26 ¶2 Wednesday, January 11 They will not put up with the wholesome teaching.​—2 Tim. 4:3. Do we see the same problem today? Yes. Many clergymen are eager to accept as members of their congregations individuals who are prominent, wealthy, and viewed as wise by the world. Such clergy do this even though the morals and lifestyle of those new members often are out of harmony with God’s standards. The same clergymen look with disdain on Jehovah’s zealous, morally clean servants because they are not prominent by this world’s standards. As Paul said, God chose those who are “looked down on.” (1 Cor. 1:26-29) However, to Jehovah, all his faithful servants are precious. How can we avoid being misled by the world’s thinking? (Matt. 11:25, 26) Do not be influenced by its view of God’s people. Recognize that Jehovah uses only humble people to do his will. (Ps. 138:6) And reflect on how much he has accomplished by using those whom the world does not consider to be wise or intellectual. w21.05 8 ¶1; 9 ¶5-6 Thursday, January 12 You sent something to me for my need.​—Phil. 4:16. The apostle Paul was grateful for the help he received. He was not too proud to accept support from his brothers and sisters. (Phil. 2:19-22) Older ones, you can show your gratitude for the younger ones in your congregation in a number of ways. If they want to help you with transportation, shopping, or other physical needs, gratefully accept their assistance. View such help as an expression of Jehovah’s love. You may be surprised at the bonds of friendship that might develop. Always show interest in the spiritual growth of your young companions, and tell them how happy you are to see young ones reaching out to be of greater service in the congregation. And be willing to spend time sharing your life’s experiences with them. When you do, you will “show yourselves thankful” to Jehovah for the younger ones whom he has drawn to the congregation.​—Col. 3:15; John 6:44; 1 Thess. 5:18. w21.09 11-12 ¶12-13 Friday, January 13 With this compassion a daybreak will visit us from on high.​—Luke 1:78. Jehovah loves our brothers and sisters. But we may not always find it easy to feel and express love for members of our spiritual family. After all, we come from many different cultures and backgrounds. And we all make mistakes that can frustrate and disappoint others. Still, we can contribute to the love of our spiritual family. How? By imitating our Father in showing love to our brothers and sisters. (Eph. 5:1, 2; 1 John 4:19) A compassionate person looks for ways to provide help and comfort. By the way he treated people, Jesus reflected Jehovah’s concern for them. (John 5:19) When seeing a crowd on one occasion, Jesus “felt pity for them, because they were skinned and thrown about like sheep without a shepherd.” (Matt. 9:36) Jesus’ compassion went beyond warm feelings. He cured the sick and offered refreshment to those who were “toiling and loaded down.”​—Matt. 11:28-30; 14:14. w21.09 22 ¶10-11 Saturday, January 14 [God] was merciful; he would forgive their error and not bring them to ruin.​—Ps. 78:38. Jehovah loves to be merciful. The apostle Paul was inspired to write that God is “rich in mercy.” In this context, Paul was referring to God’s mercy in offering the hope of heavenly life to his imperfect, anointed servants. (Eph. 2:4-7) But Jehovah’s mercy is even more extensive than that. The psalmist David wrote: “Jehovah is good to all, and his mercy is evident in all his works.” (Ps. 145:9) Because Jehovah loves people, he extends mercy whenever he sees a basis for doing so. More than anyone else, Jesus knows how much Jehovah loves to show mercy. This Father and Son were together in heaven during the course of thousands of years of human history. (Prov. 8:30, 31) On many occasions, Jesus saw how his Father showed mercy to sinful humans. (Ps. 78:37-42) In his teaching, Jesus often highlighted this endearing quality of his Father. w21.10 8-9 ¶4-5 Sunday, January 15 Father, glorify your name.​—John 12:28. Jehovah himself answered that prayer with a thunderous voice from heaven, promising that he would glorify his name. Throughout his ministry, Jesus glorified his Father’s name. (John 17:26) So it is reasonable to expect that true Christians would be proud to use God’s name and to make it known to others. In the first century C.E., shortly after the Christian congregation was established, Jehovah “turned his attention to the nations to take out of them a people for his name.” (Acts 15:14) Those first-century Christians were proud to use God’s name and to make it known to others. They used the divine name prominently in their ministry and in their writings. They proved themselves to be a people for God’s name. (Acts 2:14, 21) Similarly today, Jehovah’s Witnesses are a people for Jehovah’s name. w21.10 20-21 ¶8-10 Monday, January 16 Consider Jehovah’s acts of loyal love.​—Ps. 107:43. God’s loyal love is enduring. This important aspect of loyal love is mentioned 26 times in Psalm 136. In the opening verse, we read: “Give thanks to Jehovah, for he is good; his loyal love endures forever.” (Ps. 136:1) In verses 2 to 26, we find the refrain “for his loyal love endures forever.” As we read the remaining verses of this psalm, we cannot help but be impressed by the many ways in which Jehovah shows his loyal love without letup. The refrain “for his loyal love endures forever” assures us that God’s love for his people is not fickle. How heartening it is to know that Jehovah does not quickly give up on his servants! Instead, he attaches himself to those who serve him and he sticks with them, especially in times of distress. Knowing that Jehovah sticks with us gives us the joy and the strength we need to cope with our distresses and to keep walking on the path to life.​—Ps. 31:7. w21.11 4 ¶9-10 Tuesday, January 17 Do not let your hearts be troubled. Exercise faith.​—John 14:1. Do you sometimes feel anxious when you think about the events that lie ahead of us​—the destruction of false religion, the attack of Gog of Magog, and the war of Armageddon? Do you ever ask yourself, ‘When the time comes, will I be able to pass through these fear-inspiring events with my integrity intact?’ If such thoughts have crossed your mind, Jesus’ words, as recorded in today’s text, should prove to be most helpful. Jesus told his disciples: “Do not let your hearts be troubled. Exercise faith.” Strong faith will help us to face the future with confidence. We can strengthen our faith to endure future trials by considering how we deal with tests of faith now. Then we can learn of areas where we need to strengthen our faith. With each test we pass, our faith becomes stronger. This will help us to endure future trials. w21.11 20 ¶1-2 Wednesday, January 18 When I am weak, then I am powerful.​—2 Cor. 12:10. The apostle Paul encouraged Timothy and by extension all Christians to accomplish their ministry fully. (2 Tim. 4:5) Yet, there are challenges. Think, for example, of our brothers who live in lands where our work is restricted or even banned. Jehovah’s people must deal with a variety of problems that could dishearten them. For instance, many have to work long hours just to provide the basic necessities for their family. They would like to do more in the ministry, but they have little energy at the end of the week. Others are severely limited in what they can do because of chronic illness or advancing age; they may even be confined to their home. Still others are constantly plagued by feelings of worthlessness. Regardless of our circumstances, Jehovah can empower us to cope with personal challenges and still serve him to the extent that our circumstances allow. w21.05 20 ¶1-3 Thursday, January 19 You must not . . . profane the name of your God.​—Lev. 19:12. Sometimes others may pressure us to get involved in activities that would interfere with our worship. When they do, we have an important decision to make. Consider an interesting principle found at Leviticus 19:19, which says in part: “You must not wear a garment made with two sorts of thread mixed together.” That law helped to distinguish Israel from the surrounding nations. Today, we do not object to garments of mixed materials, such as cotton and polyester or wool and rayon. But we do object to being like people whose beliefs and practices conflict with Bible teachings. Of course, we have natural affection for our relatives, and we show love for our neighbors. Yet, when it comes to important aspects of life, we are willing to be separate as Jehovah’s people. That is vital if we are striving to become holy.​—2 Cor. 6:14-16; 1 Pet. 4:3, 4. w21.12 5 ¶14; 6 ¶16 Friday, January 20 Narrow is the gate and cramped the road leading off into life.​—Matt. 7:14. The road to life can be found. Jesus said: “If you remain in my word, you are really my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.” (John 8:31, 32) Commendably, you did not follow the crowd; rather, you searched for the truth. You began an intensive study of God’s Word to learn what he requires of us, and you listened to Jesus’ teachings. You learned that Jehovah expects us to reject the teachings of false religion and to stop celebrating holidays that have pagan origins or practices. You also learned that doing what Jehovah requires and breaking free from practices that do not meet with his approval may be challenging. (Matt. 10:34-36) It may not have been easy for you to make the needed adjustments. However, you persevered because you love your heavenly Father. How pleased he must be with you!​—Prov. 27:11. w21.12 22 ¶3; 23 ¶5 Saturday, January 21 Listen, my son, and accept my sayings.​—Prov. 4:10. Moses is a good example of someone who accepted correction after he had made a serious mistake. On one occasion, he lost his temper and did not honor Jehovah. Because of this, Moses lost out on the privilege of entering the Promised Land. (Num. 20:1-13) When Moses expressed his disappointment over this decision, Jehovah told him: “Never speak to me again about this matter.” (Deut. 3:23-27) Moses did not become bitter. Rather, he accepted Jehovah’s decision, and Jehovah continued to use him to lead Israel. (Deut. 4:1) Moses is a good example for us to imitate when it comes to accepting counsel. Moses proved that he accepted Jehovah’s counsel by remaining faithful even after he lost a privilege that was precious to him. We benefit when we imitate the example set by such faithful men as Moses. (Prov. 4:11-13) Many of our brothers and sisters have done just that. w22.02 11 ¶9-10 Sunday, January 22 Jesus gave way to tears.​—John 11:35. In the winter of 32 C.E., Jesus’ good friend Lazarus got sick and died. (John 11:3, 14) The man had two sisters, Mary and Martha, and Jesus loved this family very much. When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, she rushed out to meet him. Imagine the surge of emotions as she said: “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.” (John 11:21, 32, 33) Jesus was surely moved to tears on seeing how Mary and Martha were affected by the death of their brother. If you have lost a loved one, Jehovah understands how you feel. Jesus is “the exact representation” of his Father. (Heb. 1:3) When Jesus wept, he reflected his Father’s emotions. (John 14:9) If you are enduring the loss of a loved one, you can be sure that Jehovah not only notices your grief but also feels deeply for you. He wants to heal your broken heart.​—Ps. 34:18; 147:3. w22.01 15 ¶5-7 Monday, January 23 Faith follows the thing heard.​—Rom. 10:17. If you take time to talk to, listen to, and think about Jehovah, you will benefit greatly. First, you will make better decisions. The Bible assures us that “the one walking with the wise will become wise.” (Prov. 13:20) Second, you will become a better teacher. When we are studying the Bible with someone, one of our most important goals is to help our student draw close to Jehovah. The more we communicate with our heavenly Father, the more our own love for him will grow and the better equipped we will be to teach our student to love him. This was true of Jesus. He described his Father in such warm, loving terms that his faithful followers could not help but love Jehovah as well. (John 17:25, 26) Third, your faith will grow stronger. Consider what happens when you ask God for guidance, comfort, or support. Each time Jehovah answers those prayers, your faith in him grows.​—1 John 5:15. w22.01 30 ¶15-17 Tuesday, January 24 Strip off the old personality with its practices.​—Col. 3:9. Jehovah urges us to get rid of wrong thinking and bad habits because he loves us very much and wants us to enjoy life. (Isa. 48:17, 18) He knows that those who give in to wrong desires hurt themselves and those around them. It pains him to see us hurt ourselves and others. Some of our friends and family may at first ridicule us for trying to make changes to our personality. (1 Pet. 4:3, 4) They may say that we have the right to do whatever we want and that we should not allow others to tell us what to do. But those who reject Jehovah’s standards are not actually being independent. In reality, they are allowing the world dominated by Satan to mold them. (Rom. 12:1, 2) We all face a choice: Either we keep our old personality, which is shaped by sin and Satan’s world, or we allow Jehovah to transform us into the best person we can be at present.​—Isa. 64:8. w22.03 3 ¶6-7 Wednesday, January 25 The word of God is alive and exerts power and is sharper than any two-edged sword . . . and is able to discern thoughts and intentions of the heart.​—Heb. 4:12. We can develop the right attitude about our circumstances by meditating on God’s Word. Consider how the Bible benefited a grieving widow. An elder suggested that she could learn helpful lessons from reading the book of Job. As she did, she was at first quick to criticize Job for his wrong thinking. In her imagination she warned him: “Job! Don’t be so negative!” But then she realized that her attitude had been very similar to that of Job. This helped her to readjust her viewpoint and strengthened her to cope with the pain of losing her husband. Another way that Jehovah strengthens Christians is by means of fellow worshippers. Paul wrote that he was longing to have “an interchange of encouragement” with his spiritual brothers and sisters.​—Rom. 1:11, 12. w21.05 22 ¶10-11; 24 ¶12 Thursday, January 26 Seven days you will celebrate the festival to Jehovah your God in the place that Jehovah chooses.​—Deut. 16:15. The ancient Israelites were told: “Three times a year, all your males should appear before Jehovah your God in the place that he chooses.” (Deut. 16:16) They had to leave their home and their crops unguarded. But Jehovah promised them: “Nobody will desire your land while you are going up to see the face of Jehovah your God.” (Ex. 34:24) With full faith in Jehovah, those God-fearing Israelites attended the yearly festivals. They could thus reap rich rewards; they broadened their understanding of God’s Law, meditated on his goodness, and enjoyed encouraging association with fellow believers. We receive similar benefits when we make sacrifices to attend Christian meetings. And think of how pleased Jehovah is when we come prepared to offer brief, meaningful comments. w22.03 22 ¶9 Friday, January 27 He is able to come to the aid of those who are being put to the test.​—Heb. 2:18. Jehovah was training Jesus for his future role as our High Priest. Jesus experienced how difficult it is to obey God when under extreme test. He felt so much pressure that he prayed for help “with strong outcries and tears.” Certainly, having gone through wrenching emotional distress, Jesus himself understands our needs and “is able to come to [our] aid” when we “are being put to the test.” How grateful we are to Jehovah for appointing over us a merciful High Priest who can “sympathize with our weaknesses”! (Heb. 2:17; 4:14-16; 5:7-10) Jehovah allowed Jesus to suffer so severely in order to answer an important question: Can humans demonstrate godly devotion even when severely tested? Satan says no! He claims that humans serve God for selfish reasons and that they are not devoted to Jehovah. (Job 1:9-11; 2:4, 5) Jesus maintained his integrity and proved Satan a liar. w21.04 16-17 ¶7-8 Saturday, January 28 Go, therefore, and make disciples . . . , teaching them to observe all the things I have commanded.​—Matt. 28:19, 20. Before getting baptized, a Bible student must put into practice what the Bible teaches. When a student applies what he learns, he becomes like the “discreet man” in Jesus’ illustration who dug down deep to build his house on solid rock. (Matt. 7:24, 25; Luke 6:47, 48) Help your student to make lifestyle changes. (Mark 10:17-22) Jesus knew that it would be difficult for a rich man to sell all his belongings. (Mark 10:23) Yet, Jesus told the man to make this big change in his lifestyle. Why? Because Jesus felt love for him. At times, we may hold back from encouraging a student to apply what he is learning because we feel that he is not ready to make a needed change. (Col. 3:9, 10) But the sooner you openly discuss the issue, the sooner the student can begin to change. By having that discussion, you show that you care about him.​—Ps. 141:5; Prov. 27:17. w21.06 3 ¶3, 5 Sunday, January 29 Christ . . . [left] a model for you to follow his steps closely.​—1 Pet. 2:21. The apostle Peter is specifically commenting on the fine example Jesus set in the endurance of suffering; however, there are many other ways in which we can imitate Jesus. (1 Pet. 2:18-25) Really, Jesus’ entire life course​—everything he said and did—​is an example for us to follow. As imperfect humans, can we really follow Jesus’ example? Yes, we can. Recall that Peter urges us “to follow [Jesus’] steps closely”​—not perfectly. If we follow his footsteps carefully, doing the best we can as imperfect humans, we will be heeding the apostle John’s words: “Go on walking just as that one [Jesus] walked.” (1 John 2:6) Following Jesus’ footsteps will draw us closer to Jehovah. Why can we say that? Jesus set an outstanding example of how to live in a way that pleases God. (John 8:29) So by following Jesus’ footsteps, we will please Jehovah. And we can be sure that our heavenly Father will draw close to those who try hard to be his friends.​—Jas. 4:8. w21.04 3 ¶4-6 Monday, January 30 Jehovah takes pleasure in his people.​—Ps. 149:4. Jehovah notices our good qualities; he sees our potential and draws us to himself. If we remain faithful to him, he will remain close to us forever! (John 6:44) If we are convinced of Jehovah’s love and support, we will be impelled to serve him wholeheartedly in spite of life’s challenges. On the other hand, if we doubt that God cares for us, our “strength will be meager.” (Prov. 24:10) And when we become discouraged and lose faith in God’s love, we will be vulnerable to Satan’s attacks. (Eph. 6:16) Some faithful Christians in our time have been weakened spiritually by doubts. What should we do when doubts about God’s love find their way into our mind? We must immediately reject them! Ask Jehovah to help you replace those “disquieting thoughts” with ‘the peace of God that will guard your heart and your mental powers.’ (Ps. 139:23; ftn.; Phil. 4:6, 7) And remember, you are not alone. w21.04 20 ¶1; 21 ¶4-6 Tuesday, January 31 God is . . . giving you both the desire and the power to act.​—Phil. 2:13. How did you become one of Jehovah’s Witnesses? First, you heard “the good news”​—maybe from your parents, from a workmate or a schoolmate, or by means of the door-to-door preaching work. (Mark 13:10) Then, someone spent a lot of time and effort conducting a Bible study with you. During that study, you came to love Jehovah and you learned that he loves you. Jehovah drew you to the truth, and now, as a disciple of Jesus Christ, you have the prospect of living forever. (John 6:44) You are no doubt grateful to Jehovah that He motivated someone to teach you the truth and that He accepted you as one of His servants. Now that we know the truth, we have the privilege of helping others join us on the road to life. We may be comfortable preaching from door to door, but we may find it challenging to offer and conduct Bible studies. w21.07 2 ¶1-2

Listen and Live (ll) 2011

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/listen-and-live-ll

PART 1 How Do We Listen to God? God speaks to us through the Bible. 2 Timothy 3:16 The true God directed men to write down his thoughts in one sacred book. That book is the Bible. It contains important information that God wants you to know. God knows what is best for us, and he is the Source of all wisdom. By listening to him, you will become truly wise.​—Proverbs 1:5. God wants everyone on earth to read the Bible. It is now available in many languages. If you want to listen to God, you must read and understand the Bible. People everywhere are listening. Matthew 28:19 Jehovah’s Witnesses can help you understand the Bible. In all the earth, they teach the truth about God. You do not have to pay anything for this instruction. You can also learn about God at the local Kingdom Hall of Jehovah’s Witnesses. God’s word is truth.​—John 17:17. Why can we trust in God?​—Numbers 23:19.

What Does the Bible Say About Living Together Without Marriage?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/500100100

What Does the Bible Say About Living Together Without Marriage? The Bible’s answer The Bible says that God’s will is for people to “abstain from sexual immorality.” (1 Thessalonians 4:3) As used in the Bible, the term “sexual immorality” includes adultery, homosexual acts, and sex between a man and a woman who are not married. Why does it matter to God whether couples marry or not? What about living together before marriage to test compatibility? How can couples build a strong marriage? Why does it matter to God whether couples marry or not? The marriage arrangement comes from God. He instituted it when he brought the first human couple together. (Genesis 2:22-24) He did not intend for a man and a woman to live together without the commitment of marriage. God knows what is best for humans. He designed marriage to be a permanent union between a man and a woman that would benefit and protect all family members. Consider a simple illustration. Just as the instructions that come from the manufacturer show you how to assemble a piece of furniture correctly, God’s instructions tell us how to build successful family relationships. God’s standards always benefit those who follow them.—Isaiah 48:17, 18. A manufacturer’s instructions show you how to assemble a piece of furniture. God’s instructions tell us how to build a successful family Sex outside of marriage can have serious consequences. For example, it can result in unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and emotional turmoil. God gave men and women the ability to procreate by means of sex. God views life as sacred, and the ability to procreate is a precious gift. God wants us to treat that gift with respect by honoring his arrangement for marriage.—Hebrews 13:4. What about living together before marriage to test compatibility? The key to a successful marriage is not a preliminary “trial period” during which either partner can freely leave. Instead, relationships thrive when both partners are strongly committed to each other and work together to overcome problems.a Marriage strengthens commitment.—Matthew 19:6. How can couples build a strong marriage? There are no perfect marriages. However, couples can build a successful marriage by applying the Bible’s advice. Here are some examples: Put the needs of your mate ahead of your own.—1 Corinthians 7:3-5; Philippians 2:3, 4. Cultivate love and respect for each other.—Ephesians 5:25, 33. Learn to control your speech.—Proverbs 12:18. Be patient and quick to forgive.—Colossians 3:13, 14. a See the article “Successful Families—Commitment.”

Why Do I Hurt Myself?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102006004

Young People Ask . . . Why Do I Hurt Myself? “I cut my wrists so bad I had to get stitches. At the time, I told the doctor that I cut myself on a light bulb, which was true​—I just didn’t mention that I’d done it on purpose.”​—Sasha, 23. “My parents have noticed my cuts, but only the ones that aren’t so bad and look like scrapes. . . . Sometimes they’ll see one they don’t recognize, so I make up an excuse. . . . I don’t want them to know.”​—Ariel, 13. “I had been a self-injurer since I was 11. I knew of God’s high regard for the human body, but even this did not deter me.”​—Jennifer, 20. YOU might be familiar with someone like Sasha, Ariel, or Jennifer.a It could be a schoolmate. It could be a sibling. It could be you. In the United States alone, it is estimated that millions of people​—many of them youths—​deliberately hurt themselves by various means, such as cutting, burning, bruising, or scraping their skin.b Deliberately hurting themselves? In the past many would instruction such behavior with some bizarre fad or cult. In recent years, however, knowledge about self-injury​—which includes cutting or self-mutilation—​has grown dramatically. Evidently, so has the number of those coming forward with the problem. “Every clinician says it’s increasing,” states Michael Hollander, director of a treatment center in the United States. Self-injury is rarely fatal, but it is dangerous. Consider Beth, for example. “When I injure myself, I use a razor,” she says. “I’ve been hospitalized twice. Once I had to go to the emergency room because of a deep cut.” Like many sufferers, Beth has carried the practice of self-injury into adulthood. “I have been doing it since I was 15 years old, and now I’m 30,” she says. Have you or someone you know fallen prey to self-injury? If so, do not despair. Help is available. In the next issue of Awake! we will discuss how those who self-injure can be helped.c First, though, it would be good to discuss the people who develop the disorder and why they do it. A Diverse Profile It is difficult to put self-injurers​—or cutters, as they are sometimes called—​into a single category. Some come from troubled families; others from stable, happy homes. A number are failing at school, but many are excelling as students. Often, self-injurers give little if any indication that they have a problem, for a person who is beset with adversity does not always show it on the outside. The Bible states: “Even in laughter the heart may be in pain.”​—Proverbs 14:13. Then, too, the severity of self-injury differs from one person to the next. One study, for example, found that some individuals cut themselves only once a year, while others average twice a day. Interestingly, more males are injuring themselves than was once thought. Still, the problem is found mostly among adolescent girls.d Even with such a diverse profile, some self-injurers seem to share certain traits. One encyclopedia on youths observes: “Adolescents who self-injure often feel powerless, have difficulty trusting others with emotions, feel isolated or alienated, feel afraid, and have low self-esteem.” Of course, some may say that this description could fit almost any young person who is facing the fears and insecurities of growing up. For the self-injurer, though, the struggle is particularly intense. The inability to put troubled feelings into words and to express these to a confidant can make pressures from school, demands of work, or conflicts at home appear overwhelming. She sees no solution and feels she has no one to talk to. The tension feels unbearable. Finally, she discovers something: By hurting herself physically, she seems to find some relief from the emotional anguish, and she feels she can carry on with her life​—at least for the moment. Why does the cutter resort to physical pain in an effort to relieve emotional anguish? To illustrate, consider what happens when you are in a doctor’s office about to get a shot. As the process begins, have you ever found yourself pinching your skin or perhaps putting pressure on it with your fingernail, just to distract yourself from the sting of the needle? What the self-injurer does is similar, although on a more serious level. To the self-injurer, cutting provides a form of distraction and a sense of relief from the sting of emotional anguish. And the anguish is so great that by comparison physical pain is preferable. Perhaps that is why one self-injurer described cutting as “medicine for my fears.” “A Mechanism to Cope With Stress” To those who are not acquainted with the disorder, self-injury may appear to be an attempt at suicide. But this is not usually the case. “Generally speaking, these people are trying to end just their pain, not their lives,” writes Sabrina Solin Weill, executive editor of a magazine for teens. Hence, one reference work refers to self-injury as “a ‘life preserver’ rather than an exit strategy.” It also calls the practice “a mechanism to cope with stress.” What kind of stress? It has been found that many self-injurers have suffered some type of trauma, such as childhood abuse or neglect. For others, family conflict or the alcoholism of a parent is the factor. For some, a mental disorder is involved. There could be other problems as well. Sara, for example, was in the throes of what she calls self-abusive perfectionism. While she had made serious mistakes and had received help from Christian elders, she felt exceedingly guilty over her daily imperfections. “I figured that I had to ‘get tough’ on myself,” Sara says. “To me, self-injury was merely self-discipline. My ‘self-discipline’ included pulling out my hair, cutting my wrists and arms, hitting myself and causing deep bruises, and sentencing myself to such punishments as keeping my hand under scalding water, sitting outside in the freezing cold without a coat, or going an entire day without eating.” For Sara, self-injury was a reflection of a deep self-loathing. “There were times when I knew that Jehovah had forgiven me for my mistakes,” she says, “but I did not want him to. I wanted to suffer because I hated myself so much. While I knew that Jehovah could never have conceived of a place of torment like Christendom’s hell, I wanted him to invent one just for me.” “Critical Times” Some might wonder why such a disturbing practice has only come to light in recent decades. However, students of the Bible know that these are “critical times hard to deal with.” (2 Timothy 3:1) Thus, they are not surprised to learn that people​—including youths—​turn to behavior that is hard to explain. The Bible acknowledges that “oppression may make a wise one act crazy.” (Ecclesiastes 7:7) The challenges of adolescence​—in some cases, coupled with tragic life experiences—​can provide the groundwork for a pattern of harmful behavior, including self-injury. A youth who feels isolated and believes that she has no one to talk to might resort to cutting in an effort to find relief. But whatever relief self-injury may seem to offer is short-lived. Sooner or later the problems return, and so does self-injury. Generally, those who practice self-injury want to quit but find it very difficult. How have some been able to break the practice of self-injury? This will be discussed in the “Young People Ask . . .” article “How Can I Stop Hurting Myself?” in the February 2006 issue of Awake! [Footnotes] a Some names in this article have been changed. b Self-injury is not to be confused with body piercing or tattooing. Generally, these have more to do with fad than compulsion. See Awake! of August 8, 2000, pages 18-9. c Leviticus 19:28 states: “You must not make cuts in your flesh for a deceased soul.” This pagan custom​—evidently designed to appease the gods who were thought to preside over the dead—​is different from the habit of self-injury being discussed here. d For this reason, we will refer to the self-injurer as a female. However, the principles discussed apply to both genders. TO THINK ABOUT ◼ Why do some young people resort to self-injury? ◼ After reading this article, can you think of some better ways to cope with distressing feelings? [Blurb on page 11] “Even in laughter the heart may be in pain.”​—Proverbs 14:13 [Blurb on page 11] “Generally speaking, these people are trying to end just their pain, not their lives” [Blurb on page 12] We are living in “critical times hard to deal with.”​—2 Timothy 3:1

Sing Praises (ssb) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/Ssb

Song 122 Conducting Ourselves as “a Lesser One” (Luke 9:48) 1. Most favored are those who today Will heed divine instruction. The work of those who look to God Is blessed with fine production. But since we are afflicted by Inherent imperfection, We need to learn with humbleness To give our God subjection. 2. ‘Conduct yourselves as lesser ones,’ Christ Jesus recommended. It makes for peace and unity, And this, indeed, is splendid. A fine example he did set. It was his greatest pleasure To be submissive to his God And serve him in full measure. 3. We wisely then should take the lead In hon’ring one another And keep in mind that Jesus died For him who is our brother. To God our brothers all belong; To each one he gives talents. So let us act as lesser ones And keep our spir’tual balance. 4. The principle of headship is An aid to recognizing How we should keep self out of sight And love be emphasizing. God’s spirit is available To help us, lest we stumble. Our good relationship with God Will keep us ever humble.

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Joy What shows that Jehovah is joyful? Ne 8:10; 1Ti 1:11 What reasons do we have for joy? Ps 100:2; Ec 8:15; Isa 65:14, 18; Php 4:1, 4 See also Ps 64:10; Isa 61:10; Mt 5:11, 12 Relevant Bible account(s): Ps 16:7-9, 11​—The psalmist David finds abundant joy in being close to Jehovah Heb 12:1-3​—The apostle Paul explains that we, like Jesus, can find joy even in hard times because of having a hope

I’m Attracted to the Same Sex—Does That Mean I’m Gay?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502012508

I’m Attracted to the Same Sex—Does That Mean I’m Gay? Not at all! Fact: In many cases, same-sex attraction is nothing more than a passing phase. That’s what Lisette, 16, who was at one time attracted to a girl, found. She says: “Through my biology classes in school, I learned that during the adolescent years, hormone levels can fluctuate greatly. I truly think that if more youths knew more about their bodies, they would understand that same-sex attraction can be temporary and they wouldn’t feel the pressure to be gay.” All youths face a choice—either to adopt the world’s degraded view of sexuality or to follow the high moral path set forth in God’s Word But what if your attraction to the same sex seems to be more than a passing phase? Is it cruel of God to tell someone who is attracted to the same sex to avoid homosexuality? If you answered yes to that last question, you should know that such reasoning is based on the flawed notion that humans must act on their sexual impulses. The Bible dignifies humans by assuring them that they can choose not to act on their improper sexual urges.​—Colossians 3:5. The Bible’s stand is not unreasonable. It simply directs those with homosexual urges to do the same thing that is required of those with an opposite-sex attraction​—to “flee from fornication.” (1 Corinthians 6:18) The fact is, millions of heterosexuals who wish to conform to the Bible’s standards employ self-control despite any temptations they might face. Those with homosexual inclinations can do the same if they truly want to please God.​—Deuteronomy 30:19.

Comfort for the Depressed (T-20) 2000

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/tracts/comfort-for-the-depressed-t-20

Comfort for the Depressed “All creation keeps on groaning together and being in pain together until now.” (Romans 8:22) Human suffering was great when that was written over 1,900 years ago. Many were depressed. Therefore, Christians were urged: “Speak consolingly to the depressed souls.”—1 Thessalonians 5:14. Today, human distress is even greater, and more people than ever are depressed. But should that surprise us? Not really, for the Bible identifies these as “the last days” and calls them “critical times hard to deal with.” (2 Timothy 3:1-5) Jesus Christ foretold that during the last days, there would be “fearful sights.”—Luke 21:7-11; Matthew 24:3-14. When people experience prolonged anxiety, fear, grief, or other such negative emotions, they often become depressed. The cause of depression or extreme sadness may be the death of a loved one, a divorce, the loss of a job, or an unrelenting sickness. People also become depressed when they develop a sense of worthlessness, when they feel they are a failure and have let everyone down. Anyone may be devastated by a stressful situation, but when a person develops a sense of hopelessness and is unable to see any way out of a bad situation, severe depression may result. People in ancient times experienced similar feelings. Job suffered sickness and personal misfortune. He felt that God had abandoned him, so he expressed a loathing toward life. (Job 10:1; 29:2, 4, 5) Jacob was depressed over the apparent death of his son, refusing to be comforted and wishing to die. (Genesis 37:33-35) Feeling guilt over serious error, King David lamented: “All day long I have walked about sad. I have grown numb.”—Psalm 38:6, 8; 2 Corinthians 7:5, 6. Today, many have become depressed because of overtaxing themselves, trying to follow a daily routine that is beyond their mental, emotional, and physical resources. Apparently stress, coupled with negative thoughts and emotions, can affect the body and contribute to a chemical imbalance in the brain, thus producing depression.—Compare Proverbs 14:30. Help That They Need Epaphroditus, a first-century Christian from Philippi, became “depressed because [his friends] heard he had fallen sick.” Epaphroditus, who had become sick after being sent to Rome by his friends with provisions for the apostle Paul, perhaps felt he had let his friends down and that they considered him a failure. (Philippians 2:25-27; 4:18) How did the apostle Paul help? He sent Epaphroditus home with a letter to the Philippian friends that said: “Give [Epaphroditus] the customary welcome in the Lord with all joy; and keep holding men of that sort dear.” (Philippians 2:28-30) The fact that Paul spoke so highly of him and that the Philippians welcomed him with warmth and affection, surely must have consoled Epaphroditus and helped toward relieving his depression. Without a doubt, the Bible’s advice to “speak consolingly to the depressed souls” is the very best. “You need to know that others care about you as a person,” said a woman who suffered from depression. “You need to hear someone say, ‘I understand; you’ll be all right.’” The person who is depressed often needs to take the initiative by seeking out an empathetic person in whom to confide. This one should be a good listener and be very patient. He or she should avoid lecturing the depressed one or making judgmental statements, such as, ‘You shouldn’t feel like that’ or, ‘That’s the wrong attitude.’ The depressed person’s emotions are fragile, and such critical comments will only make him feel worse about himself. One who is depressed may feel worthless. (Jonah 4:3) Yet, a person should remember that what really counts is how God values one. Men held Jesus Christ “as of no account,” but this did not change his real worth to God. (Isaiah 53:3) Be assured, just as God loves his dear Son, he loves you too.—John 3:16. Jesus pitied those in distress and tried to help them see their individual worth. (Matthew 9:36; 11:28-30; 14:14) He explained that God values even small, insignificant sparrows. “Not one of them goes forgotten before God,” he said. How much more does he value humans who try to do his will! Of these Jesus said: “Even the hairs of your heads are all numbered.”—Luke 12:6, 7. True, it may be hard for a person who is severely depressed, who is overwhelmed with his weaknesses and shortcomings, to believe that God so highly values him. He may feel certain that he is unworthy of God’s love and care. “Our hearts may condemn us,” God’s Word acknowledges. But is that the determining factor? No it is not. God realizes that sinful humans may think negatively and even condemn themselves. So his Word comforts them: “God is greater than our hearts and knows all things.”—1 John 3:19, 20. Yes, our loving heavenly Father sees more than our sins and mistakes. He knows of extenuating circumstances, our whole life course, our motives and intentions. He knows that we inherited sin, sickness, and death and therefore have great limitations. The fact that we feel grieved and vexed with ourselves is in itself proof that we do not want to sin and have not gone too far. The Bible says that we were “subjected to futility” against our will. So God sympathizes with our miserable plight, and he compassionately takes into consideration our weaknesses.—Romans 5:12; 8:20. “Jehovah is merciful and gracious,” we are assured. “As far off as the sunrise is from the sunset, so far off from us he has put our transgressions. For he himself well knows the formation of us, remembering that we are dust.” (Psalm 103:8, 12, 14) Truly, Jehovah is “the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our tribulation.”—2 Corinthians 1:3, 4. The help depressed ones need the most comes from drawing close to their merciful God and accepting his invitation to ‘throw their burden upon him.’ He can indeed “revive the heart of the ones being crushed.” (Psalm 55:22; Isaiah 57:15) So God’s Word encourages prayer, saying: “Throw all your anxiety upon [Jehovah], because he cares for you.” (1 Peter 5:7) Yes, by means of prayer and supplication persons can draw close to God and enjoy “the peace of God that excels all thought.”—Philippians 4:6, 7; Psalm 16:8, 9. Practical adjustments in life-style can also help one overcome a depressed mood. Physical exercise, eating wholesome food, getting fresh air and sufficient rest, and avoiding excessive TV watching are all important. One woman has helped depressed ones by getting them to do vigorous walking. When a depressed lady said: “I don’t want to go for a walk,” the woman gently but firmly answered: “Yes, you’re going.” The woman reported: ‘We walked four miles [6 km]. When we returned, she was tired, but she felt better. You can’t believe how helpful vigorous exercise is until you try it.’ However, sometimes it is impossible to defeat depression completely, even when everything has been tried, including medical therapies. “I have tried everything,” a middle-aged woman said, “but the depression remains.” Similarly, it is now often impossible to heal the blind, the deaf, or the lame. Yet, depressed ones can find comfort and hope by regularly reading God’s Word, which provides the certain hope of permanent relief from all human ills.—Romans 12:12; 15:4. When No One Will Be Depressed Again When Jesus described the terrible things coming upon the earth in the last days, he added: “As these things start to occur, raise yourselves erect and lift your heads up, because your deliverance is getting near.” (Luke 21:28) Jesus was talking about deliverance into God’s righteous new world, where “the creation itself also will be set free from enslavement to corruption and have the glorious freedom of the children of God.”—Romans 8:21. What a relief it will be for humankind to be freed of the burdens of the past and to awaken each day with crystal-clear minds, eager to tackle the day’s activity! No longer will anyone be hampered by the cloud of depression. The sure promise to mankind is that God “will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be anymore. The former things have passed away.”—Revelation 21:3, 4. Unless otherwise indicated, all Bible quotations are from the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Young People Ask (yp) 1989

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp

Chapter 4 Why Did Dad and Mom Split Up? “I remember when my dad left us. We really didn’t know what was going on. Mom had to go to work and left us alone all the time. Sometimes we’d just sit by the window and worry whether she had left us too. . . . ”​—A girl from a divorced family. THE divorce of one’s parents can seem like the end of the world, a catastrophe that generates enough misery to last forever. It often triggers an onslaught of feelings of shame, anger, anxiety, fear of abandonment, guilt, depression, and profound loss​—even a desire for revenge. If your parents have recently split up, you too might be experiencing such feelings. After all, our Creator meant for you to be raised by both a father and a mother. (Ephesians 6:1-3) Yet, now you have been deprived of the daily presence of a parent you love. “I really looked up to my father and wanted to be with him,” laments Paul, whose folks split up when he was seven. “But Mom got custody of us.” Why Parents Break Up Often parents have kept their problems well hidden. “I don’t remember my folks fighting,” says Lynn, whose parents divorced when she was a child. “I thought they got along.” And even when parents do squabble, it may still come as a shock when they actually split up! In many cases, the split-up occurs because one parent is guilty of sexual misconduct. God does permit the innocent mate to obtain a divorce. (Matthew 19:9) In other cases, “wrath and screaming and abusive speech” have erupted into violence, causing one parent to fear for his or her physical well-being and that of the children.​—Ephesians 4:31. Some divorces, admittedly, are obtained on flimsy grounds. Rather than work out their problems, some selfishly divorce because they claim they are ‘unhappy’ or ‘no longer in love.’ This is displeasing to God, who “has hated a divorcing.” (Malachi 2:16) Jesus also indicated that some would break up their marriages because their mates became Christians.​—Matthew 10:34-36. Whatever the case, the fact that your parents may have chosen to be silent or to give you only vague answers to your questions regarding the divorce does not mean they do not love you.a Wrapped up in their own hurt, your parents may simply find it hard to talk about the divorce. (Proverbs 24:10) They may also find it awkward and embarrassing to admit to their mutual failures. What You Can Do Try to discern the right time to discuss calmly your concerns with your parents. (Proverbs 25:11) Let them know how saddened and confused you are over the divorce. Perhaps they will give you a satisfactory explanation. If not, do not despair. Did not Jesus withhold information that he felt his disciples were not ready to handle? (John 16:12) And do not your parents have a right to privacy? Finally, appreciate that the divorce, whatever the reason for it, is a dispute between them​—not with you! In their study of 60 divorced families, Wallerstein and Kelly found that couples blamed each other, their employers, family members, and friends for the divorce. But, say the researchers: “No one, interestingly enough, blamed the children.” Your parents’ feelings toward you are unchanged. The Healing Effects of Time There is “a time to heal.” (Ecclesiastes 3:3) And just as a literal wound, like a broken bone, can take weeks or even months to heal completely, emotional wounds take time to heal. Divorce researchers Wallerstein and Kelly found that within just a couple of years after a divorce “the widespread fears, the grief, the shocked disbelief . . . faded or disappeared altogether.” Some experts feel that the worst of a divorce is over within just three years. This may seem like a long time, but a lot has to happen before your life can stabilize. For one thing, the household routine​—disrupted by the divorce—​must be reorganized. Time will also pass before your parents are back on their feet emotionally. Only then may they finally be able to give you needed support. As your life regains some semblance of regularity, you will begin to feel normal again. However, Solomon gave this warning: “Do not say: ‘Why has it happened that the former days proved to be better than these?’ for it is not due to wisdom that you have asked about this.” (Ecclesiastes 7:10) Dwelling on the past can blind you to the present. What was your family situation like before the divorce? “There were always a lot of fights​—screaming and name-calling,” admits Annette. Could it be that you now enjoy domestic peace? ‘I Can Get Them Back Together’ Some youths nurture dreams of reuniting their parents, perhaps clinging to such fantasies even after their parents have remarried! However, denying the divorce changes nothing. And all the tears, pleading, and scheming in the world probably won’t get your folks back together again. So why torment yourself by dwelling on the unlikely? (Proverbs 13:12) Solomon said that there is “a time to give up as lost.” (Ecclesiastes 3:6) So accept both the reality and the permanence of the divorce. This is a big step toward your getting over it. Coming to Terms With Your Parents You may rightly be angry with your parents for disrupting your life. As one young man bitterly put it: “My parents were selfish. They didn’t really think about us and how what they did would affect us. They just went ahead and made their plans.” This may be true. But can you go through life carrying a load of anger and bitterness and not harm yourself? The Bible counsels: “Let all malicious bitterness and anger and wrath . . . be taken away from you . . . But become kind to one another, tenderly compassionate, freely forgiving one another.” (Ephesians 4:31, 32) How can you forgive someone who has hurt you so deeply? Try to view your parents objectively​—as fallible, imperfect humans. Yes, even parents ‘sin and fall short of the glory of God.’ (Romans 3:23) Realizing this can help you come to terms with your parents. Talk Out Your Feelings “I’ve never really discussed how I felt about my parents’ divorce,” one young man said when interviewed by us. Though initially impassive, the youth became increasingly emotional​—even tearful—​as he spoke about his parents’ divorce. Feelings that had long been buried were unearthed. Surprised at this, he confessed: “Talking it out really helped me.” You may likewise find it helpful to confide in someone, instead of isolating yourself. Let your parents know just how you feel, what your fears and anxieties are. (Compare Proverbs 23:26.) Mature Christians can also help. Keith, for example, got little or no support from his family, which was torn apart by divorce. Yet he found support elsewhere. Says Keith: “The Christian congregation became my family.” Above all, you can find a hearing ear with your heavenly Father, the “Hearer of prayer.” (Psalm 65:2) A youth named Paul recalls what helped him get over his parents’ divorce: “I prayed all the time and always felt that Jehovah was a real person.” Getting On With Your Life After a divorce, things may never be the same. This does not mean, though, that your life cannot be a fruitful and happy one. The Bible advises, “Do not loiter at your business.” (Romans 12:11) Yes, instead of allowing yourself to become immobilized by grief, hurt, or anger, get on with your life! Get involved in your schoolwork. Pursue a hobby. Have “plenty to do in the work of the Lord.”​—1 Corinthians 15:58. It will take work, determination, and the passing of time. But eventually the breakup of your parents’ marriage will no longer be the dominant thing in your life. [Footnotes] a Researchers Wallerstein and Kelly discovered that “four-fifths of the youngest children [of divorced parents] studied were not provided with either an adequate explanation or assurance of continued care. In effect, they awoke one morning to find one parent gone.” Questions for Discussion ◻ What are some of the reasons why parents break up? ◻ Why might it be hard for your parents to talk about it? What can you do if they show such a reluctance to talk? ◻ Why is it pointless to dwell on the past or fantasize about getting your parents back together again? ◻ What are some positive things you can do to help yourself get over the divorce? ◻ How can you deal with the anger you might feel toward your parents? [Box on page 36, 37] ‘Will the Divorce Ruin My Life?’ In the wake of their parents’ divorce, some youths virtually ruin their lives. Some make rash decisions, such as to quit school. Others vent their frustration and anger by misbehaving​—as if to punish their parents for getting the divorce. Recalls Denny: “I was unhappy and depressed after my parents’ divorce. I started having problems in school and failed one year. After that . . . I became the class clown and got into a lot of fights.” Shocking behavior may very well get the attention of one’s parents. But what is really accomplished, other than adding stress to an already stressful situation? Really, the only one punished by wrongdoing is the wrongdoer. (Galatians 6:7) Try to understand that your parents are also suffering and that their seeming neglect of you is not malicious. Confessed Denny’s mother: “I definitely neglected my kids. After the divorce, I was such a mess myself, I just couldn’t help them.” The Bible advises at Hebrews 12:13: “Keep making straight paths for your feet, that what is lame may not be put out of joint.” Even if parental discipline is absent, there is no excuse for misconduct. (James 4:17) Assume responsibility for your actions and exercise self-discipline.​—1 Corinthians 9:27. Avoid, too, making rash decisions, for example, to leave home. “The shrewd one considers his steps.” (Proverbs 14:15) If your parents seem too distracted at this point to lend you their ear, why not talk your decisions over with an older friend? Still, you may have a number of concerns about your future. Since your parents have failed at marriage, it’s understandable that you might worry about your own prospect of enjoying a successful marriage. Fortunately, marital unhappiness is not something you inherit from your parents​—like freckles. You are a unique individual, and how any future marriage of yours turns out will depend, not on your parents’ failings, but on the extent to which you and your mate apply God’s Word. You may also find yourself worrying about things you formerly took for granted​—food, clothing, shelter, money. Parents, however, usually work out some means of supporting their children after a divorce, even if Mom has to take on secular work. Nevertheless, the book Surviving the Breakup realistically warns: “What once supported one family unit must now support two families, forcing a decline in standard of living for every family member.” It may well be, therefore, that you’ll have to get used to doing without things you used to enjoy, like new clothes. But the Bible reminds us: “We have brought nothing into the world, and neither can we carry anything out. So, having sustenance and covering, we shall be output with these things.” (1 Timothy 6:7, 8) Perhaps you can even assist in working out a new family budget. Remember, too, that Jehovah is “a father of fatherless boys.” (Psalm 68:5) You can be sure that he is deeply concerned about your needs. Jeremiah observed: “Good it is for an able-bodied man that he should carry the yoke during his youth.” (Lamentations 3:27) True, there is little “good” in watching parents split up. But it is possible to turn even this negative experience to your advantage. Researcher Judith Wallerstein observed: “The emotional and intellectual growth [among children of divorced parents] that was catalyzed by the family crisis was impressive and sometimes moving. The youngsters . . . soberly considered their parents’ experiences and drew thoughtful conclusions for their own futures. They were concerned with finding ways to avoid the mistakes their parents had made.” No doubt about it, your parents’ breakup is sure to make its mark on your life. But whether that mark is a fading blemish or a festering wound is to a great extent up to you. [Picture on page 35] Watching the breakup of your parents’ marriage can be one of the most painful experiences imaginable [Picture on page 38] Dwelling on memories of how life used to be may only depress you

“This Is the Way. Walk in It”

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2009045

“This Is the Way. Walk in It” The Story of Emilia Pederson As told by Ruth E. Pappas MY MOTHER, Emilia Pederson, was born in 1878. Although she became a schoolteacher, she really wanted to use her life helping people draw close to God. Evidence of Mother’s desire was a large trunk sitting in our home in the small town of Jasper, Minnesota, U.S.A. She had obtained it to transport her belongings to China, where she wanted to serve as a missionary. However, when her mother died, she had to forgo her plans and stay at home to care for her younger siblings. In 1907 she married Theodore Holien. I was born on December 2, 1925​—the last of seven children. Mother had Bible questions to which she earnestly sought answers. One question was regarding the teaching that hell is a place of fiery torment for the wicked. She asked a visiting supervisor of the Lutheran Church where she could find Bible support for this teaching. He, in effect, told her that it does not matter what the Bible says​—a hell of fiery torment needs to be taught. Her Spiritual Hunger Satisfied Shortly after 1900, Mother’s sister, Emma, went to Northfield, Minnesota, to study music. She stayed at the home of Milius Christianson, her teacher, whose wife was a Bible Student, as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then called. Emma mentioned that she had a sister who was a devout Bible reader. Before long, Mrs. Christianson wrote Mother a letter with answers to her Bible questions. One day, a Bible Student named Lora Oathout came by train from Sioux Falls, South Dakota, to preach in Jasper. Mom studied the Bible literature she received, and in 1915, she began sharing Bible truths with others, distributing the literature that Lora provided. In 1916, Mom heard that Charles Taze Russell would be at a convention in Sioux City, Iowa. She wanted to attend. By this time, Mom had five children, and Marvin, the youngest, was only five months old. Nevertheless, children in tow, she made the train journey of some 100 miles [160 km] to Sioux City to attend the convention. She heard Brother Russell’s talks, saw the “Photo-Drama of Creation,” and was baptized. Upon returning home, she wrote an article about the convention, which was published in the Jasper Journal. In 1922, Mom was among the some 18,000 who attended the convention at Cedar Point, Ohio. After that convention, she never let up in advertising God’s Kingdom. In effect, she would urge us to heed the admonition: “This is the way. Walk in it.”​—Isa. 30:21. Fruitage of the Kingdom Ministry In the early 1920’s, my parents moved into a house outside Jasper. Dad had a successful business and a big family to support. He did not study the Bible as much as Mom did, but he wholeheartedly supported the preaching work and opened our home to traveling ministers, then known as pilgrims. Often, when one of the traveling brothers gave a talk in our home, a hundred or so attended​—packed into our living room, dining room, and bedroom. When I was about seven years old, my aunt Lettie phoned and said that her neighbors, Ed Larson and his wife, wanted to study the Bible. They readily accepted Bible truths and later invited another neighbor, Martha Van Daalen, a mother of eight children, to join in the study. Martha and her whole family also became Bible Students.a About that time, Gordon Kammerud, a young man who lived a few miles away from us, began to work with Dad. Gordon had been warned: “Be careful with the boss’s daughters. They have a strange religion.” However, Gordon began studying the Bible and was soon convinced that he had found the truth. Three months later, he was baptized. His parents also became believers, and our families​—the Holiens, the Kammeruds, and the Van Daalens—​became close friends. Strengthened by Conventions Mom had been so encouraged by the Cedar Point convention that she never wanted to miss another convention. So my early memories are of making long trips to attend those gatherings. The one in Columbus, Ohio, in 1931 was momentous because it was then that the name Jehovah’s Witnesses was adopted. (Isa. 43:10-12) I also well remember the convention in Washington, D.C., in 1935, where a historic talk identified the “great multitude,” or the “great crowd,” spoken of in Revelation. (Rev. 7:9; King James Version) My sisters Lilian and Eunice were among the more than 800 who were baptized there. Our family traveled to conventions in Columbus, Ohio, in 1937; Seattle, Washington, in 1938; and New York City in 1939. The Van Daalen and Kammerud families and others accompanied us, and we camped along the way. Eunice married Leo Van Daalen in 1940, and they became pioneers. That same year, Lilian married Gordon Kammerud, and they too became pioneers. The convention in 1941 held in St. Louis, Missouri, was special. There, thousands of young people received the book Children. That convention was a turning point for me. Shortly afterward, on September 1, 1941, along with my brother Marvin and his wife, Joyce, I became a pioneer. I was 15. In our farming community, it was difficult for all the brothers to attend the conventions because these were often held during harvesttime. So after the conventions, we had convention reviews in our backyard for the benefit of those who had not been able to attend. These were happy gatherings. Gilead and Foreign Assignments In February 1943, Gilead School was established for the training of pioneers for missionary service. The first class included six members of the Van Daalen family​—the brothers Emil, Arthur, Homer, and Leo; their cousin Donald; and Leo’s wife, my sister Eunice. We said our farewells with mixed emotions, since we did not know when we would see them again. After graduation, all six were assigned to Puerto Rico, where there were fewer than a dozen Witnesses at the time. A year later, Lilian and Gordon as well as Marvin and Joyce attended the third class of Gilead. They too were sent to Puerto Rico. Then, in September 1944, at the age of 18, I attended Gilead’s fourth class. After graduating in February 1945, I joined my siblings in Puerto Rico. What an interesting world opened up to me! Although learning Spanish was a challenge, soon some of us were conducting more than 20 Bible studies each. Jehovah blessed the work. Today, there are about 25,000 Witnesses in Puerto Rico! Tragedies Strike Our Family Leo and Eunice remained in Puerto Rico after the birth of their son, Mark, in 1950. In 1952 they planned to take a vacation to visit relatives back home. On April 11, they left by airplane. Tragically, shortly after takeoff, the plane crashed into the ocean. Leo and Eunice died. Two-year-old Mark was found floating in the ocean. He was tossed into a life raft by a survivor and was given artificial respiration​—and he lived.b Five years later, on March 7, 1957, Mom and Dad were driving to the Kingdom Hall when they had a flat tire. While changing the tire by the side of the road, Dad was hit by a passing car and died instantly. Some 600 attended the funeral talk, and a fine witness was given to the community, where Father was well-respected. New Assignments Just before Dad’s death, I had received an assignment to serve in Argentina. In August 1957, I arrived in the city of Mendoza in the foothills of the Andes Mountains. In 1958, George Pappas, a graduate of the 30th class of Gilead, was assigned to Argentina. George and I became good friends, and we were married in April 1960. In 1961, Mom died at the age of 83. She had walked faithfully in the way of true worship and had helped many, many others to do the same. For ten years George and I served together with other missionaries in various missionary homes. Then we spent seven years in the circuit work. In 1975 we returned to the United States to assist family members who were ill. In 1980 my husband was invited to do circuit work in the Spanish-language field. There were then about 600 Spanish-speaking congregations in the United States. For 26 years, we visited many of them and saw the number of congregations increase to well over 3,000. They Have Walked in “the Way” Mom also had the joy of seeing younger members of her family take up the full-time ministry. For instance, Carol, a daughter of my eldest sister, Ester, began pioneering in 1953. She married Dennis Trumbore, and they have shared in the full-time ministry ever since. Ester’s other daughter, Lois, married Wendell Jensen. They attended the 41st class of Gilead and served for 15 years as missionaries in Nigeria. Mark, whose parents died in the plane crash, was adopted and raised by Leo’s sister, Ruth La Londe, and her husband, Curtiss. Mark and his wife, Lavonne, pioneered for years and reared their four children in “the way.”​—Isa. 30:21. Orlen, my only sibling still alive, is in his mid-90’s. He is still faithfully serving Jehovah. George and I joyfully continue in the full-time ministry. What Mom Left I now have one of Mom’s prized possessions​—her desk. It was a wedding gift to her from my father. In one of the drawers is her old scrapbook, which contains letters and published newspaper articles that she wrote and that gave a fine Kingdom witness. Some of these date back to the early 1900’s. The desk also holds treasured letters from Mom’s missionary children. How I enjoy reading them over and over again! And her letters to us were always so encouraging, filled with positive thoughts. Mom never fulfilled her desire to be a missionary. However, she had a zeal for missionary service that moved the hearts of others for generations after her. How I look forward to a big family reunion with Mom and Dad in the paradise earth!​—Rev. 21:3, 4. [Footnotes] a See The Watchtower, June 15, 1983, pages 27-30, for the life story of Emil H. Van Daalen. b See Awake! June 22, 1952, pages 3-4. [Picture on page 17] Emilia Pederson [Picture on page 18] 1916: Mom, Dad (holding Marvin); bottom, from left to right: Orlen, Ester, Lilian, Mildred [Picture on page 19] Leo and Eunice, shortly before their death [Picture on page 20] 1950: From left to right, top: Ester, Mildred, Lilian, Eunice, Ruth; bottom: Orlen, Mom, Dad, and Marvin [Picture on page 20] George and Ruth Pappas in the circuit work, 2001

Why Do I Have to Do All Those Chores?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101989007

Young People Ask . . . Why Do I Have to Do All Those Chores? “Tidy my room? Why? I can’t be bothered. In any case, it’ll be the same again in a couple of days.”​—Stéphanie, age 15. “When the chores my mother gives me take up the whole afternoon, I feel I’ve worked pretty hard. Then I stop and think. Mom works nonstop all day and every day. I realize that it is not easy for her.”​—Steven, age 15. TEENAGERS’ feelings about doing household chores range from willing cooperation to plain reluctance. You may even feel some measure of resentment yourself when asked to use your free time for something as “boring” as cleaning and washing. Nevertheless, whether you view chores as a delightful diversion or an irritating intrusion, they are essential to the smooth running of a household. When family members do not willingly cooperate in such matters, difficulties and tensions result. Why Your Help Counts You may find it hard to believe that something as tedious as taking out the garbage could possibly mean that much. However, even routine chores are important, for they make for a pleasant home and help keep valued articles in good shape. In her book Moi, ta mère (I, Your Mother) French author Christiane Collange stressed this point with a touch of humor: “It is tiresome to have to put things away and take care of them. But if you neglect them, they have their revenge by getting dirty, breaking, or getting lost.” Your loving cooperation can also relieve the pressure on your parents, who often work full- or part-time. By helping out around the house, you can even get to understand your parents better. How so? Sixteen-year-old Dominic, who lives near Paris, explained: “It is when you give your parents a helping hand that you start to understand why they are tired. When you’ve been on the job several hours, you can put yourself in their shoes and realize that they are truly tired.” Be assured, too, that parents appreciate your support! Developing Strength of Character Home chores can also be viewed as a lesson in life, a daily exercise in willpower. True, the benefits are not always immediate. But remember, your efforts to bear responsibilities will bring rewards later on in life. As the Bible states: “It is good for someone to bear the yoke from a young age.”​—Lamentations 3:27, The New Jerusalem Bible. Yes, you need to develop strength of character, a personality capable of resisting the pressures of adult life. So you should start early by cultivating good work habits that will enable you to stand on your own feet​—even if it means reducing the time spent relaxing. Stéphanie admitted: “I used not to like doing housework. I would say to myself: ‘If you don’t want to, don’t do it.’ But my viewpoint has changed. I now realize that helping out at home will teach me to become a responsible person, and that will stand me in good stead later.” If you are a boy, do not be upset if your parents ask you to perform chores that are generally performed by girls, or if you are a girl, vice versa. Your parents may think it wise to broaden your training. Later on, when you are on your own as an adult, you may be glad to have mastered a variety of household skills. Besides, it is no dishonor for a boy to know how to sew on a button or for a girl to know how to drive a nail in the wall! Interestingly, the Bible account at John 21:9-12 indicates that Jesus Christ cooked a meal for his disciples, a task usually reserved for women in ancient times.​—Compare Proverbs 31:15. Getting on the Same Wavelength “Try as I may, my parents are never satisfied,” complain some frustrated teenagers. The problem may be, though, that parents and children simply do not talk the same language. In his book L’autorité des parents dans la famille (Parent Power!), John Rosemond made the following pertinent comment: “What does ‘cleaning’ a room mean? Parents think their children know, but a child’s idea of ‘clean’ is never the same as the parents’ . . . If certain tasks must be done daily, a list of what to include would prevent many useless arguments. A clearly defined rule is always easier to obey.” The help your parents require can generally be divided into two categories: (1) chores for the family in general, for instance, setting or clearing the table, washing the dishes, cleaning the home, cooking, shopping, emptying the trash can, gardening; (2) personal chores, such as making your bed, straightening your room, putting away your clothes, and polishing your shoes. If you are not sure what your parents expect of you when they ask you to do any of the above, request specific instructions, even a checklist if necessary. Remember that often more time is spent arguing about chores than it might take actually to do them! As two French youths, Côme and Dominic, put it: “The less work we do, the less we want to do, and the more fuss we make about doing it.” So the quicker you do your chores, the happier everyone can be. But what can be done if you think your parents are demanding the impossible from you and next to nothing from your brothers and sisters? You have an acute sense of justice and feel upset. So why not choose an appropriate time to have a heart-to-heart chat with your parents? You may discover that your brothers and sisters have less time than you, owing to more homework and longer school hours, or that you are the healthiest and strongest among the children. Is that something to be unhappy about? What if you think that family chores are taking up too much of your time? Then count up the hours you spend watching television, listening to your favorite music, or reading! Perhaps what you need to do is reorganize the way you spend your time. “It all started,” said Steven, “when my parents asked me to look after my room and wash the dishes.” Steven found this burdensome. But he learned that with proper organization of his time, he could get his chores done quite easily. Pleasing God With Your Work By helping out at home, you are honoring your parents as Israelite children and teenagers of Bible times did. Laban’s daughter Rachel, for example, guarded her father’s flocks. Similarly, the daughters of Reuel, or Jethro, had the responsibility of drawing water for the flock​—tedious, strenuous work. (Genesis 29:9; Exodus 2:16) Boys too received practical training, Jesus doubtless learning the carpenter’s trade from his adoptive father, Joseph.​—Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3. As in ancient times, blessings can result from gladly giving your parents support. Consider the Bible’s account of Rebekah. When Abraham’s servant asked for a drink, Rebekah immediately responded. Not only did she give him a drink but she also willingly offered to draw water for his camels. The Bible reported that she “ran yet again and again to the well to draw water, and kept drawing for all his camels.” (Genesis 24:15-21) The caravan was made up of ten camels. When one considers that a camel can drink from five to seven gallons [19-26 L] of water a day, it is obvious that Rebekah must have drawn dozens of gallons [liters] of water in order to water all the camels. Her willingness to work, however, brought blessings to her. She was chosen to be the wife of Isaac and share in the outworking of Jehovah’s purpose to produce the Seed that would bless mankind!​—Genesis 22:18. Be assured that when you share in household chores, God is similarly well-pleased with your diligent efforts to ‘honor your parents.’​—Ephesians 6:1, 2. [Picture on page 20] Often, more time is spent arguing about chores than it might take to do them!

United in Worship (uw) 1983

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/uw

Chapter 4 The One to Whom All the Prophets Bore Witness 1. What do the facts about Jesus’ prehuman existence show as to his relationship with Jehovah? DESCRIBING his own warm relationship with Jehovah, Jesus said: “The Father has affection for the Son and shows him all the things he himself does.” (John 5:19, 20) The closeness of that relationship began at the time of his creation, countless millenniums before his human birth. He was God’s only-begotten Son, the only one created by Jehovah alone. Everything else in heaven and on earth was created by means of that dearly loved firstborn Son. He also served as God’s Word or Spokesman, the one through whom the divine will was communicated to others. This one, the Son that God was specially fond of, became the man Jesus Christ.​—Col. 1:15, 16; John 1:14; 12:49, 50. 2. To what extent do Bible prophecies refer to Jesus? 2 Before his miraculous birth as a human, scores of inspired prophecies about him were recorded. As the apostle Peter testified to Cornelius, “To him all the prophets bear witness.” (Acts 10:43) To such an extent is Jesus’ role in connection with pure worship featured in the Bible that an angel told the apostle John: “Worship God; for the bearing witness to Jesus is what inspires prophesying.” (Rev. 19:10) Those prophecies clearly identify him and draw attention to aspects of God’s purpose regarding him that are of keen interest to us today. What the Prophecies Revealed 3. (a) In the prophecy at Genesis 3:14, 15, who is represented by “the serpent”? “The woman”? ‘The seed of the serpent’? (b) Why would the ‘bruising of the serpent in the head’ be of great interest to Jehovah’s servants? 3 The first of such prophecies was spoken after the rebellion in Eden. It was embodied in Jehovah’s judgment addressed to the serpent. Jehovah said: “I shall put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed. He will bruise you in the head and you will bruise him in the heel.” (Gen. 3:14, 15) What did that mean? In God’s due time other prophecies clarified it and enlarged on it. As a result we know that the one to whom it was addressed, as represented by the serpent, is Satan the Devil. “The woman” is Jehovah’s own loyal heavenly organization, which is to him like a faithful wife. ‘The seed of the serpent’ includes both angels and humans who manifest the spirit of the Devil, those who oppose Jehovah and his people. In view of the way the serpent was used by the Devil in Eden, it could be discerned from the prophecy that the ‘bruising of the serpent in the head’ referred to eventual destruction of this rebel son of God who had slandered Jehovah and brought great grief to mankind. But as for the identity of the “seed” that would do the bruising, this long remained a sacred secret.​—Rom. 16:25, 26. 4. How did Jesus’ ancestry help to identify him as the promised Seed? 4 After some 2,000 years of human history Jehovah provided further details. He indicated that the Seed would appear in the family line of Abraham. (Gen. 22:15-18) However, the line leading to the Seed would depend not merely on fleshly descent but on God’s choice. In spite of Abraham’s love for his son Ishmael, born to the slave girl Hagar, Jehovah pointedly said: “My covenant I shall establish with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you.” (Gen. 17:18-21; 21:8-12) Later that covenant was confirmed, not to Isaac’s firstborn son Esau, but to Jacob, from whom the 12 tribes of Israel descended. (Gen. 28:10-14) In time it was indicated that the Seed would be born in the tribe of Judah, in the house of David.​—Gen. 49:10; 1 Chron. 17:3, 4, 11-14. 5. Even early in Jesus’ earthly ministry, what else made it evident that he was the Messiah? 5 Over 700 years in advance, the Bible named Bethlehem as the place of the human birth of the Seed but also revealed that he was one who had already existed “from the days of time indefinite,” since the time when he was created in heaven. (Mic. 5:2) The time of his appearance on earth as Jehovah’s Anointed One, the Messiah, was foretold through the prophet Daniel. (Dan. 9:24-26) And when he was anointed with holy spirit, a voice from heaven identified him. (Matt. 3:16, 17) So, after becoming a follower of Jesus, Philip could say with conviction: “We have found the one of whom Moses, in the Law, and the Prophets wrote, Jesus, the son [by adoption] of Joseph, from Nazareth.”​—John 1:45. 6. (a) After Jesus’ death, what did his followers come to realize? (b) Who, principally, is the ‘seed of the woman,’ and what is meant by his bruising the serpent’s head? 6 Thereafter, Jesus’ followers came to realize that literally scores of prophetic references to him were woven into the inspired Scriptures. Following his death and resurrection, he personally “interpreted to them things pertaining to himself in all the Scriptures.” (Luke 24:27) It is now apparent that Jesus, principally, is the ‘seed of the woman,’ the one who bruises the head of the “serpent” in such a manner that Satan is finally crushed out of existence. By means of Jesus all God’s promises to humankind, all the things for which we earnestly long, will be brought to fulfillment.​—2 Cor. 1:20. 7. In addition to the identity of the one referred to in these prophecies, what else is it beneficial to consider? 7 When you first read some of these prophecies perhaps you asked, as did the Ethiopian eunuch, “About whom does the prophet say this?” But the eunuch did not let the matter rest when he received the answer. After listening carefully to the explanation that Philip gave, the man realized that appreciation for how Jesus fulfilled the prophecy called for action on his own part, by his getting baptized. (Acts 8:32-38; Isa. 53:3-9) Do we respond similarly? Sometimes it is the manner in which a prophecy is presented that deeply moves us, or our heart may be touched by the conclusions that are drawn in the Bible itself when the fulfillment is pointed out. 8. Four prophetic patterns regarding Jesus Christ are considered here. Reason on the questions and scriptures provided to show how these prophecies affect us. Consider just one at a time. 8 Notice how this is so with the following prophetic promises and patterns concerning Jesus Christ. The questions are for you to answer with the aid of the cited scriptures. (1) How does the record about Abraham’s attempt to offer up Isaac help us to appreciate what Jehovah did in providing the ransom by means of his Son? (John 3:16; Gen. 22:1-18 [notice how Isaac is described in Ge 22 verse 2.]) What confidence should this give us? (Rom. 8:32, 38, 39) But what is required on our part? (Gen. 22:18; John 3:36) (2) In identifying Jesus as the prophet like Moses, of what serious responsibility does the Bible remind us? (Acts 3:22, 23; Deut. 18:15-19) What are some of the things that Jesus has spoken to us, and why are they timely now? (Matt. 28:18-20; 19:4-9; 18:3-6) (3) When explaining what was foreshadowed by the priesthood of Aaron, to what appealing qualities of Jesus as high priest does the Bible direct attention? (Heb. 4:15–5:3; 7:26-28) So how should we feel about approaching God in prayer through Christ for help to overcome our weaknesses? (4) In view of the superiority of Jesus’ sacrifice (replacing all those offered under the Mosaic Law), why should we be very careful to avoid getting into the habit of doing anything that we know is displeasing to God? (Heb. 10:26, 27) If we truly appreciate the hope of life made possible as a result of Jesus’ sacrifice, what things will we be diligent to do? (Heb. 10:19-25) How Can We Show Our Faith in Christ? 9. Why is there no salvation for us apart from Jesus Christ? 9 After pointing out to the Jewish high court in Jerusalem how prophecy had been fulfilled in Jesus, the apostle Peter forcefully concluded: “There is no salvation in anyone else, for there is not another name under heaven that has been given among men by which we must get saved.” (Acts 4:11, 12; Ps. 118:22) All Adam’s offspring are sinners, so their death comes as the condemnation for sin and holds no merit that can be applied as a ransom for anyone. But Jesus was perfect, and the laying down of his life has sacrificial value. (Ps. 49:6-9; Heb. 2:9) He offered to God a ransom that exactly corresponded in value with what Adam had lost for his descendants. How has this benefited us?​—1 Tim. 2:5, 6. 10. Explain one way in which Jesus’ sacrifice has greatly benefited us. 10 It has made possible our having a clean conscience because of forgiveness of sin​—something far more than was ever achieved for Israel by the animal sacrifices under the Mosaic Law. (Acts 13:38, 39; Heb. 9:13, 14) Having this, of course, requires that we be honest with ourselves and that we have genuine faith in Jesus Christ. Do we personally appreciate how much we need Christ’s sacrifice? “If we make the statement: ‘We have no sin,’ we are misleading ourselves and the truth is not in us. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous so as to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.”​—1 John 1:8, 9. 11. Why is water immersion an important factor in gaining a good conscience toward God? 11 Of course, some who say that they know they are sinners and who profess to believe in Christ, who even share to some extent in telling others about God’s Kingdom as Jesus did, nevertheless stop short of full faith in Jesus. In what way? Well, as shown in the Bible, when persons in the first century truly became believers, how did they publicly demonstrate that? They got baptized. Why? Because Jesus had commanded that disciples be baptized. (Matt. 28:19, 20; Acts 8:12; 18:8) When a person’s heart is really moved by the loving provision that Jehovah made through Jesus Christ, he will not hold back. He will make any needed adjustments in his life, dedicate himself to God and symbolize this by water immersion. As the Bible shows, it is by demonstrating faith in this way that he makes ‘request to God for a good conscience.’​—1 Pet. 3:21. 12. If we realize that we have committed a sin, what should we do about it, and why? 12 Even after that, of course, sinful traits will show themselves. What then? “I am writing you these things that you may not commit a sin,” said the apostle John. So we should not lightly pass off sin in ourselves, whether manifest in action, speech or attitude. “And yet, if anyone does commit a sin, we have a helper with the Father, Jesus Christ, a righteous one. And he is a propitiatory sacrifice for our sins, yet not for ours only but also for the whole world’s.” (1 John 2:1, 2) Does that mean that, no matter what we do, if we pray to God, ‘Forgive us our sins,’ everything will be all right? No. The key to forgiveness is genuine repentance. Help may also be needed from elders in the Christian congregation. We must recognize the wrongness of what was done and feel sincere regret over it so that we will make an earnest effort to avoid repeating it. (Acts 3:19; Jas. 5:13-16) If we do this, we can be assured of Jesus’ help. On the basis of our faith in the sin-atoning value of his sacrifice, restoration to Jehovah’s favor is possible, and this is vital if our worship is to be acceptable to him. 13. (a) Explain another way in which Jesus’ sacrifice has benefited us. (b) Why does our service to God not earn this reward? (c) But if we really have faith, what will we be doing? 13 Jesus’ sacrifice has also opened to us the opportunity for eternal life​—in the heavens for a “little flock,” and on a Paradise earth for billions more of mankind. (Luke 12:32; Rev. 20:11, 12; 21:3, 4) This is not a reward that we earn. No matter how much we do in Jehovah’s service, we can never build up such merit that God will owe us life. Eternal life is “the gift God gives . . . by Christ Jesus our Lord.” (Rom. 6:23; Eph. 2:8-10) Nevertheless, if we have faith in that gift and appreciation for the manner in which it was made possible, we will make this manifest. Discerning how marvelously Jehovah has used Jesus in accomplishing His will and how vital it is that all of us follow Jesus’ steps closely, we will make the Christian ministry one of the most important things in our life. Our faith will be evident from the conviction with which we tell others about this magnificent gift of God.​—Compare Acts 20:24. 14. How does such faith in Jesus Christ have a unifying effect? 14 What a fine, unifying effect such faith has! By means of it we are drawn close to Jehovah, to his Son and to one another within the Christian congregation. (1 John 3:23, 24) It causes us to rejoice that Jehovah has kindly given to his Son “the name that is above every other name [except God’s name], so that in the name of Jesus every knee should bend of those in heaven and those on earth and those under the ground, and every tongue should openly acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord to the glory of God the Father.”​—Phil. 2:9-11. Review Discussion ● When the Messiah appeared, why was his identity clear to those who truly believed God’s Word? ● How should the prophetic patterns fulfilled in Jesus, as depicted on page 34, affect us? ● In what ways has Jesus’ sacrifice already benefited us? How can we show our appreciation for it? [Box/​Pictures on page 34] Prophetic Patterns About Jesus​—How Should They Affect You? Abraham offering up Isaac Moses as spokesman for God Aaron as high priest Animal sacrifices

When Sickness Is No More!

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102007003

When Sickness Is No More! MANY people hope that they will find relief from pain and sickness in a heavenly afterlife. However, contrary to popular belief, the hope that the Bible really offers for mankind in general is life in an earthly paradise. (Psalm 37:11; 115:16) This promised future includes perfect health, happiness, and everlasting life. Why do we get sick and die? And how will a world without sickness come about? The Bible answers those questions. ◼ The real cause of sickness Adam and Eve, our first human parents, were created with perfectly healthy bodies. (Genesis 1:31; Deuteronomy 32:4) They were designed to live on earth forever. It was not until they willfully rebelled against God that their bodies became susceptible to disease. (Genesis 3:17-19) By rejecting God’s authority, they severed their ties with the Creator, the Source of their perfect life. They became defective. As a result, they got sick and died, just as God had warned them they would.​—Genesis 2:16, 17; 5:5. After their rebellion Adam and Eve could only pass on imperfection to their children. (Romans 5:12) As mentioned in the preceding article, scientists today recognize that there are inherited malfunctions that contribute to sickness and death. After extensive research, a group of scientists recently concluded: “It is an inescapable biological reality that once the engine of life switches on, the body inevitably sows the seeds of its own destruction.” ◼ Not by human effort Science is achieving great things in the fight against sickness. But the cause of disease has proved too complex for science to resolve fully. This is no surprise to Bible students who are acquainted with God’s inspired words: “Do not put your trust in nobles, nor in the son of earthling man, to whom no salvation belongs.”​—Psalm 146:3. However, as the Bible declares, “the things impossible with men are possible with God.” (Luke 18:27) Jehovah God can undo the cause of sickness. He will heal all our maladies. (Psalm 103:3) His inspired Word promises: “Look! The tent of God is with mankind, and he will reside with them, and they will be his peoples. And God himself will be with them. And he will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be anymore. The former things have passed away.”​—Revelation 21:3, 4. ◼ What you need to do Jesus Christ pointedly explained what we must do in order to enjoy a future world without sickness. He said: “This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ.”​—John 17:3. The knowledge of God and the teachings of his Son, Jesus, are found in the Bible. Such knowledge includes practical advice that can improve your life now. But even more, God promises a world without pain for his obedient worshippers. Yes, God offers you a future when “no resident will say: ‘I am sick’”!​—Isaiah 33:24. [Box/​Pictures on page 11] A Balanced View of Health The Bible promotes respect for life. Jehovah’s Witnesses display such respect by striving to take care of their health. They avoid harmful practices, such as drug abuse and the use of tobacco. God expects his worshippers to be moderate in their drinking and eating habits. (Proverbs 23:20; Titus 2:2, 3) Such practical steps along with sufficient rest and exercise can delay or prevent many physical maladies. Those suffering illness may need the help of trustworthy health specialists. The Bible promotes reasonableness and “soundness of mind.” (Titus 2:12; Philippians 4:5) Many today lack balance and become obsessed in their search for cures, even at the expense of their spirituality. Some resort to questionable therapies that can cause harm. Others waste money and time on treatments and remedies that are ineffective or even harmful. The reality is that perfect health is not yet attainable. While you await the future when sickness will be no more, the wisdom and reasonableness found in the Bible can help you to remain balanced in your pursuit of good health.

What About Modeling Careers and Beauty Contests?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101990007

Young People Ask . . . What About Modeling Careers and Beauty Contests? “WHEN traveling to New York last year,” recalled 12-​year-​old Amy, “a guy running a hotel told my mom, ‘You ought to enter your daughter in a modeling school. . . . She’s pretty.’” A number of attractive youths have had similar experiences. Fifteen-year-old Racine received a phone call from a man who tried to interest her and her younger sister in a modeling career. A young woman from South Africa was asked to participate in a beauty contest. And the lucrative offers are not limited to girls. Young Jonathan was offered employment as a male model. Yes, throughout the world, young men and women and children of all ages are being recruited for modeling careers, beauty pageants, and the like. In the United States alone, it is reported that hundreds of thousands of beauty contests are held each year. Winners receive thousands of dollars in cash, prizes, and scholarships. For a select few, winning a beauty pageant has resulted in lucrative entertainment and modeling careers. One young woman states: “All my life I have wanted to be a fashion model​—modeling clothing for local magazines and fashion shows. The pay ranges from $25 to $100 per hour.” Reportedly, though, some top models earn salaries of as much as $2,500 per day! Little wonder, then, some Christian youths have been tempted to cash in on their good looks. How might you respond if you were offered such a flattering opportunity? Beauty Can Be Beneficial It was said of the Jewish virgin Esther that she was “pretty in form and beautiful in appearance.” (Esther 2:7) In fact, you could even say that she involuntarily participated in a beauty contest of sorts. The circumstances? Persian queen Vashti had been removed from office for insubordination. In order to find a suitable replacement, King Ahasuerus collected together the most beautiful virgins from all the realm. Over a 12-​month period, he arranged for the young women to be placed on a special diet and to receive regular massages with balsam oil and myrrh. Each girl was then evaluated in turn. And when Esther’s turn came, she was selected to be the new queen!​—Esther 1:12–​2:17. Why, though, did Esther participate? Was she a vain glory seeker? No, Esther was following Jehovah’s direction, which she repeatedly sought through her godly cousin and guardian, Mordecai. (Esther 4:5-17) A wicked man named Haman was plotting the destruction of God’s people, the nation of Israel. The ‘beauty contest’ allowed Jehovah to maneuver Esther into a prominent position where she would be able to foil this plot. Esther’s good looks thus proved to be a blessing for all of God’s people! What about today? How one looks is definitely not the most important thing in life.a Nevertheless, when accompanied with modesty and humility, attractive looks can be an asset. Does this mean, though, that modeling or participating in beauty pageants is a prudent way to use this asset? Or are there factors to consider beyond the lure of fame, glory, or riches? Behind the Glitter Fashion modeling does have its glamour. Fine clothing, expensive jewelry, good pay, the prospects of travel and television appearances​—these are all quite alluring. Additionally, modeling training has helped many young women and men to walk gracefully and to speak with confidence and poise. But beyond the glamour, glitter, and glitz may lurk real dangers for a Christian. Not that modeling in itself is bad. Some modeling serves an upright purpose: to make a product look appealing. That is one reason why lovely hands are used to display nail polish in magazine layouts and TV commercials. Similarly, well-​formed men and women are used to display articles of clothing. Presuming such clothing is modest, there may be no objection to a Christian’s being paid to model it. Nevertheless, there are many problems inherent in modeling that are not always easy to avoid. How would you react, for example, if you were called upon to wear something immodest or inappropriate for Christians? Or if a photographer used subtle pressure to have you pose in a suggestive, alluring way? Furthermore, one cannot always be certain how photographs will be used. For example, the photos could appear in a setting that promotes false religious holidays or that has immoral overtones. Then there is the effect that such a career could have on one’s personality, promoting the development of negative traits. The continued emphasis on one’s outward appearance rather than on “the secret person of the heart” has caused some fashion models to become exceedingly vain. (1 Peter 3:4) Also, working with expensive clothing, jewelry, and the like can cause materialistic thinking to take root.​—1 Timothy 6:10. The fashion-​modeling profession is also notorious for exposing one to individuals, male and female, who insist on sexual favors in exchange for career advancement. As one former fashion model observed: “Frankly, you have to give in [sexually] to get anywhere.” Some further claim that homosexuality is rampant among male models. While this may not always be true, it may be more of a problem in modeling than in other professions. Beauty Pageants Much of the foregoing can also be said of beauty pageants. In addition, however, there is also the pressure of intense competition. This has pushed some contestants to the point of deliberately sabotaging fellow contenders. According to one report, “some competitors are so desperate for victory they are not above smearing lipstick on rivals’ swimsuits or ‘accidentally’ staining their evening gowns with Coke.” Also, beauty pageant sponsors expect total commitment from their girls as their sales and public-​relations representatives. Often this requires socializing till dawn. One young woman was told: “Darling, you’re never tired. Just remember that. You’re the first one to arrive at a party and you’re the last one to leave.” At the very least, this can expose a Christian youth to unwholesome association and could even lead to one’s becoming romantically involved with an unbeliever.​—2 Corinthians 6:14. Finally, there is the fact that beauty contests disregard the Bible principle at Romans 1:25, which condemns those who ‘venerate and render sacred service to the creation rather than the One who created.’ (Compare Acts 12:21-23.) On that basis alone, a Christian youth would do well to decline participation in a beauty contest even if it were on a small-​scale basis in school. Real Beauty The young folks mentioned earlier had to weigh these facts in making their own decisions. Although pursuing employment as a model may not be wrong in itself, Amy and Racine decided not to do so. Jonathan likewise turned down employment as a male model and is currently serving at the world headquarters of Jehovah’s Witnesses, pursuing a career in the full-​time ministry. But another attractive girl entered and won two beauty contests. Today, she no longer attends Christian meetings. How true the saying: “That which is striking and beautiful is not always good; but that which is good is always beautiful.” We are reminded again of Esther. Because of her physical beauty, she was included in the king’s lineup for a wife. However, it was her modesty, submissiveness, obedience, and lack of greed that made her really beautiful. (Esther 2:13, 15-17) She exemplified Peter’s words: “Do not let your adornment be that of the external braiding of the hair and of the putting on of gold ornaments or the wearing of outer garments, but let it be the secret person of the heart in the incorruptible apparel of the quiet and mild spirit, which is of great value in the eyes of God.” (1 Peter 3:3, 4) In the long run, cultivating these Christian qualities will be of far greater gain than the short-​lived rewards of physical beauty. [Footnotes] a See the article “How Important Are Looks?” appearing in the January 8, 1986, issue of Awake! [Pictures on page 23] Christian qualities are of greater gain than the short-​lived rewards of physical beauty

Examining the Scriptures—2021 2020

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/examining-the-scriptures/examining-the-scriptures-2021

January Friday, January 1 Go, . . . and make disciples of people of all the nations.​—Matt. 28:19. All of God’s faithful servants want to learn how they can “fully accomplish” the ministry that they have been given to do. (2 Tim. 4:5) After all, this work is more important and more urgent than any other occupation in life. However, it can be a challenge to spend as much time in the ministry as we would like. Other important activities demand our time and energy. We may have to work secularly many hours a day to provide the necessities of life for ourselves and our family. We may struggle with other family responsibilities, sickness, depression, or the aches and pains of advancing age. If our circumstances limit the amount of time we can spend in Jehovah’s service, we should not feel discouraged. Jesus knew that not every one of us would be able to produce the same amount of Kingdom fruitage. (Matt. 13:23) Jehovah highly values everything we do in his service as long as we are doing our best.​—Heb. 6:10-12. w19.04 2 ¶1-3 Saturday, January 2 The Devil . . . is a liar and the father of the lie.​—John 8:44. Satan’s lies about the dead slander Jehovah. Those lies include the false teaching that the dead suffer fiery torment. Such teachings slander God! How so? In effect, they attribute to him, the God of love, the personality of the Devil. (1 John 4:8) How does that make you feel? More important, how does it make Jehovah feel? After all, he hates all forms of cruelty. (Jer. 19:5) Satan’s lies about death undermine belief in Christ’s ransom sacrifice. (Matt. 20:28) Another satanic lie is that humans have an immortal soul. If that were true, everyone would live forever. Christ would not have had to give his life as a ransom for us to gain everlasting life. Keep in mind that Christ’s sacrifice is the greatest expression of love ever shown to the human family. (John 3:16; 15:13) Imagine how Jehovah and his Son must feel about teachings that undermine that precious gift! w19.04 14 ¶1; 16 ¶8-9 Sunday, January 3 “Who has come to know the mind of Jehovah, so that he may instruct him?” But we do have the mind of Christ.​—1 Cor. 2:16. Where are Jesus’ teachings recorded? The four Gospels record many of the things Jesus said and did on earth. The rest of the Christian Greek Scriptures​—written by men who were inspired by holy spirit and who had “the mind of Christ”—​further help us to understand Jesus’ thinking on matters. Jesus’ teachings cover all aspects of life. So the “law of the Christ” governs what we do at home, at work or at school, and in the congregation. (Gal. 6:2) We learn this law by reading the Christian Greek Scriptures and meditating on them. We obey this law by bringing our lives into harmony with the instructions, commands, and principles found in that inspired record. When we obey the law of the Christ, we are obeying our loving God, Jehovah, who is the Source of all that Jesus taught.​—John 8:28. w19.05 3 ¶6-7 Monday, January 4 Wicked men and impostors will advance from bad to worse.​—2 Tim. 3:13. It is sad when humans act in a way that pleases the Devil. However, Jehovah is never blind to Satan’s tactics. He is fully aware of the pain we experience, and he can provide the comfort we need. We are blessed to serve “the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our trials so that we may be able to comfort others in any sort of trial with the comfort that we receive from God.” (2 Cor. 1:3, 4) Those who have been abandoned by parents or victimized by people close to them may especially need comfort. The psalmist David knew that Jehovah is the most reliable provider of comfort. (Ps. 27:10) David had faith that Jehovah takes in those who have been rejected by their loved ones. How? By using his faithful human servants. Our fellow worshippers of Jehovah are our spiritual family. For instance, Jesus spoke of those who joined him in worshipping Jehovah as his brothers, sisters, and mother.​—Matt. 12:48-50. w19.05 15-16 ¶8-9 Tuesday, January 5 Make sure of the more important things.​—Phil. 1:10. What should our priorities include? We should certainly spend time each day studying God’s Word. The amount of material now scheduled for the congregation’s weekly Bible reading has been reduced in order to give us more time to meditate on what we read and to do extra research. Our goal should be, not merely to cover the assigned material, but to allow the Bible’s message to touch our hearts and to draw us closer to Jehovah. (Ps. 19:14) The Watchtower Study is a study of the Bible. Therefore, pay particular attention to the scriptures, especially those that will be read when the congregation considers the material. Take special note of how the key words or phrases in the scriptures support the point being made in the paragraph. Moreover, take time to meditate on the scriptures that you read, and reflect on how you can personally apply them in your life.​—Josh. 1:8. w19.05 27 ¶5; 28 ¶9 Wednesday, January 6 My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to finish his work.​—John 4:34. Jesus set an outstanding example in his attitude toward the ministry. He made talking about God’s Kingdom the main focus of his life. He walked hundreds of miles to preach to as many as possible. He seized every opportunity to speak to people in public places and in their homes. Jesus’ whole life revolved around the ministry. We can imitate Christ by creating opportunities to talk about the good news whenever and wherever possible. We are willing to sacrifice personal comfort to engage in the evangelizing work. (Mark 6:31-34; 1 Pet. 2:21) Some in the congregation are able to serve as special, regular, or auxiliary pioneers. Others have learned to speak another language or have moved to an area where there is a need for more preachers. However, much of the evangelizing work is done by regular Kingdom publishers, who do the best they can. Whatever the case, Jehovah does not ask more of us than we can give. w19.04 4 ¶7-8 Thursday, January 7 May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing to you, O Jehovah.​—Ps. 19:14. Ask yourself: ‘Is there a trace of envy or jealousy in my heart?’ (1 Pet. 2:1) ‘Do I feel a measure of pride because of my background, education, or financial status?’ (Prov. 16:5) ‘Do I look down on others who do not have the same things I have or who are from a different racial background?’ (Jas. 2:2-4) ‘Do I feel attracted to what Satan’s world offers?’ (1 John 2:15-17) ‘Do I feel drawn to immoral and violent entertainment?’ (Ps. 97:10; 101:3; Amos 5:15) The answers to these personal questions may highlight areas that you need to work on. We are strongly influenced by those with whom we associate. (Prov. 13:20) At work or in school, we are likely surrounded by those who will not help us to develop godly thinking. However, we can find the best type of association at our Christian meetings. There is where we can be motivated, or stirred up, to “love and fine works.”​—Heb. 10:24, 25, ftn. w19.06 12 ¶13-14 Friday, January 8 It is beauty on his part to overlook an offense.​—Prov. 19:11. Jehovah did not intend for any of us to have the problems and stresses we face today. So it is understandable if a faithful servant of Jehovah speaks thoughtlessly when under great stress. (Job 6:2, 3) Even if he says inaccurate things about Jehovah or about us, we should not quickly become angry at him or judge him for saying such things. At times, a person who is coping with a stressful problem also needs to receive some form of counsel or helpful discipline. (Gal. 6:1) How can elders handle this challenge? They do well to imitate Elihu, who listened to Job with great empathy. (Job 33:6, 7) Elihu offered his counsel only after he understood Job’s thinking. Elders who follow Elihu’s example will listen carefully and try to understand the person’s situation. Then, when they offer counsel, they are more likely to reach the heart of their listener. w19.06 22-23 ¶10-11 Saturday, January 9 Obey God as ruler rather than men.​—Acts 5:29. How can you continue to worship Jehovah while under ban? The branch office will give the local elders instructions and practical suggestions. If the branch office cannot contact the elders, then the elders will help you and all in the congregation to continue your worship of Jehovah. They will give direction in harmony with the guidance found in the Bible and in our Christian publications. (Matt. 28:19, 20; Heb. 10:24, 25) Jehovah has promised that his servants will be well-fed spiritually. (Isa. 65:13, 14; Luke 12:42-44) So you can be certain that his organization will do everything possible to provide the spiritual encouragement you need. What can you do? When under ban, find a good place to hide your Bible and any other spiritual food you might have. Be careful never to leave such precious material​—whether it is in printed or electronic form—​in a location where it could easily be discovered. Each of us must take practical steps to remain spiritually strong. w19.07 10 ¶10-11 Sunday, January 10 I have become all things to people of all sorts, so that I might by all possible means save some.​—1 Cor. 9:22. For thousands of years, the majority of people in the world seemed to have some form of religious belief. But in recent decades a remarkable change has taken place. More and more people do not view themselves as religious. In fact, in some countries the majority of the population describe themselves as not being religious. (Matt. 24:12) Why? Some may be distracted by pleasures or anxieties. (Luke 8:14) Some have become atheists. Others believe in God but think that religion is old-fashioned, irrelevant, and incompatible with science and logical thinking. They may hear friends, teachers, or media personalities say that life evolved, but they rarely hear logical reasons for believing in God. Others are repelled by clergy who are greedy for money and power. In some places, governments officially limit religious activity. w19.07 20 ¶1-2 Monday, January 11 Be steadfast, immovable, always having plenty to do in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in connection with the Lord.​—1 Cor. 15:58. You do not need to be physically strong in order to continue growing stronger spiritually. In fact, many whose physical strength has declined still maintain a fiery determination to keep progressing spiritually. (2 Cor. 4:16) Perhaps you have served Jehovah for many years and now find that failing health prevents you from doing as much as you once did. If so, do not despair. Be assured that Jehovah cherishes the faithful service you have accomplished in the past. (Heb. 6:10) And as for the present, remember that whole-souled devotion is not measured by how much we do in Jehovah’s service. Rather, we reveal the depth of our devotion by showing a positive spirit and by doing all that we physically can. (Col. 3:23) Jehovah understands our limitations and does not require more than we can give.​—Mark 12:43, 44. w19.08 3 ¶6; 5 ¶11-12 Tuesday, January 12 Let your light shine before men, so that they may see your fine works.​—Matt. 5:16. Jehovah draws people to him by means of the “fine works” of the Christian congregation. (Matt. 5:14, 15; 1 Pet. 2:12) If your mate is not one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, has he or she met members of your congregation? Invite your mate to attend congregation meetings with you. (1 Cor. 14:24, 25) We hope that all our relatives will join us in serving Jehovah. However, despite all our efforts to help our relatives to become God’s servants, they may not come into the truth. If that is the case, we should not blame ourselves for their decision. After all, we cannot force anyone to accept our beliefs. Even so, do not underestimate the influence you can have on your relatives as they see how happy you are serving Jehovah. Pray for them. Tactfully speak to them. Do not hold back! (Acts 20:20) Be confident that Jehovah will bless your efforts. And if your relatives choose to listen to you, they will be saved! w19.08 18-19 ¶15-17 Wednesday, January 13 The lamp of the body is the eye. If, then, your eye is focused, your whole body will be bright.​—Matt. 6:22. What did Jesus mean? He meant that we need to keep our life simple or focused on a single goal, or purpose, not being distracted or sidetracked from it. Jesus himself set the example by focusing his life on the ministry, and he taught his disciples to keep focused on serving Jehovah and on His Kingdom. We imitate Jesus by living a life that centers on the Christian ministry, “seeking first the Kingdom and [God’s] righteousness.” (Matt. 6:33) One way to focus on our ministry is by simplifying our life so that we can spend more time helping others come to know and love Jehovah. For example, could we adjust our secular working hours so that we can spend more time in the ministry during the week? Could we reduce some recreational activities that may be very time-consuming? w19.04 5-6 ¶12-13 Thursday, January 14 I reside in the high and holy place, but also with those crushed and lowly in spirit.​—Isa. 57:15. In recent years, many with decades of experience have received a change of assignment. Such adjustments were not easy for these brothers and sisters to make. Obviously, they felt attached to their former assignment, in many cases one that they had cherished for years. Some went through a “grieving” process as they adjusted to their new circumstances. In time, though, they were able to adjust. Why? Above all, because of their love for Jehovah. They knew that they were dedicated to God​—not to a work, a input, or an assignment. (Col. 3:23) They are glad to continue serving Jehovah humbly in any capacity. They “throw all [their] anxiety on him,” knowing that he cares for them. (1 Pet. 5:6, 7) When we cultivate the endearing quality of humility, we benefit both ourselves and others. We are better able to deal with life’s challenges. Above all, we draw closer to our heavenly Father. w19.09 6-7 ¶15-17 Friday, January 15 The orders from Jehovah are righteous, causing the heart to rejoice; . . . in keeping them, there is a large reward.​—Ps. 19:8, 11. Jehovah appointed David as head not only of his family but also of the entire nation of Israel. As king, David had a lot of power. At times, he misused that power and made serious mistakes. (2 Sam. 11:14, 15) But he showed his submission to Jehovah by accepting discipline. He poured out his heart to Jehovah in prayer. And he tried his best to obey Jehovah’s counsel. (Ps. 51:1-4) In addition, he was humble enough to accept good advice not only from men but also from women. (1 Sam. 19:11, 12; 25:32, 33) David learned from his mistakes and centered his life on serving Jehovah. He knew the benefits of submitting to Jehovah. Today, we can see the contrast between those who submit to Jehovah and those who reject his loving counsel. Those who do submit to Jehovah “shout joyfully because of the good condition of the heart.”​—Isa. 65:13, 14. w19.09 17 ¶15; 19 ¶21 Saturday, January 16 I saw . . . a great crowd . . . standing before the throne and before the Lamb.​—Rev. 7:9. In 1935, Jehovah’s Witnesses came to realize that the great crowd do not literally have to be in heaven to stand “before the throne and before the Lamb.” Rather, their position is figurative. Even though they would live on earth, the great crowd could stand “before the throne” by recognizing Jehovah’s authority and by submitting to his sovereignty. (Isa. 66:1) They could stand “before the Lamb” by exercising faith in Jesus’ ransom sacrifice. Similarly, at Matthew 25:31, 32, “all the nations”​—including the wicked—​are said to be “gathered before” Jesus on his glorious throne. Clearly, all these nations are, not in heaven, but on earth. This adjusted understanding makes sense. It explains why the Bible does not say that the great crowd is raised to heaven. Only one group is promised everlasting life in heaven​—the 144,000, who will “rule as kings over the earth” with Jesus.​—Rev. 5:10. w19.09 28 ¶9 Sunday, January 17 Love Jehovah, all you who are loyal to him!​—Ps. 31:23. Jehovah expects his worshippers to separate themselves from Babylon the Great. However, this requires more than our cutting ties with false religion. We must be determined to uphold true religion​—the pure worship of Jehovah. Consider two ways that we can do that. First, we must remain firm for Jehovah’s righteous moral standards. We cannot accept the world’s values and standards. For example, we do not approve of sexual immorality of any kind, including marriage between people of the same sex and other homosexual lifestyles. (Matt. 19:4, 5; Rom. 1:26, 27) Second, we must continue worshipping with our fellow Christians. We do this wherever we can, whether in our Kingdom Halls or, when necessary, in private homes or even in secret. No matter what happens, we cannot let up in our routine of meeting together for worship. In fact, we need to meet together “all the more so as [we] see the day drawing near.”​—Heb. 10:24, 25. w19.10 16 ¶6-7 Monday, January 18 [Jehovah] is a God who requires exclusive devotion.​—Ex. 34:14. Jehovah wants us to enjoy life, and entertainment can help us to do that. In fact, God’s Word says that “there is nothing better for a man than to eat and drink and find enjoyment in his hard work.” (Eccl. 2:24) However, much of the entertainment in the world can have a bad effect on us. It degrades people’s moral standards, encouraging them to tolerate​—or even to love—​things that God’s Word condemns. We want to give Jehovah exclusive devotion, so we cannot eat from “the table of Jehovah” and “the table of demons.” (1 Cor. 10:21, 22) Eating a meal with someone is often a sign of friendship. If we choose entertainment that promotes violence, spiritism, immorality, or other fleshly desires and attitudes, we are, in effect, sharing a meal prepared by enemies of God. As a result, we not only harm ourselves but also damage our friendship with Jehovah. w19.10 26 ¶2; 29-30 ¶11-12 Tuesday, January 19 Men spoke from God as they were moved by holy spirit.​—2 Pet. 1:21. To benefit from the wind, a sailor must do two things. First, he has to put his boat in the path of the wind. After all, his boat will not move forward if the sailor remains in a harbor far away from where the wind is blowing. Second, he needs to raise and unfurl his sails as fully as possible. Obviously, even with the wind blowing, his boat will move forward only if the sails catch the wind. Similarly, we will endure in Jehovah’s service only if we have the help of holy spirit. To benefit from that spirit, we must take two steps. First, we must put ourselves squarely in the path of God’s spirit by sharing in activities that bring us under its influence. Second, we need to “raise our sails” as fully as possible by being fully engaged in these activities to the best of our ability. (Ps. 119:32) Holy spirit will then push us forward through waves of opposition and trials and will help us to endure faithfully. w19.11 9 ¶8; 10 ¶11 Wednesday, January 20 I give you my peace.​—John 14:27. On his final day as a human, Jesus was troubled. Soon he would suffer a cruel death at the hands of lawless men. But it was more than his impending death that was giving Jesus concern. He deeply loved his Father and wanted to please him. Jesus knew that if he proved faithful under the coming difficult test, he would contribute to the vindication of Jehovah’s name. Jesus also loved people, and he knew that our future prospects for everlasting life would depend on his finishing his earthly course successfully. Even though Jesus was under great stress, he was at peace. He had “the peace of God,” the calmness and tranquility that result from a person’s precious relationship with Jehovah. That peace put Jesus’ mind and heart at rest. (Phil. 4:6, 7) None of us will ever face the kind of pressure that Jesus had to endure, but all who follow Jesus will face trials. (Matt. 16:24, 25; John 15:20) And like Jesus, we will feel troubled at times. w19.04 8 ¶1-3 Thursday, January 21 Do not put out the fire of the spirit.​—1 Thess. 5:19. We do well to ask ourselves, ‘Am I grateful to be associated with the earthly part of Jehovah’s organization?’ Jehovah has given us convincing evidence that he is blessing his people today. We truly have much to be thankful for. (1 Thess. 5:18) How can we show our support for the organization that Jehovah is using? By following the Bible-based direction we are given in our publications and at our meetings, assemblies, and conventions. In addition, we can show our support by sharing as fully as possible in the preaching and teaching work. (1 Cor. 15:58) May we obtain Jehovah’s approval for our sacrifices to be accepted. May we serve Jehovah because we are grateful to him. May we continue to give our best to Jehovah because we love him with all our heart. And may we wholeheartedly support the organization that he is blessing today. In all such ways, we can show Jehovah that we cherish the privilege we have to serve him as his Witnesses! w19.11 25 ¶17-18 Friday, January 22 Whoever exercises faith in me . . . will do works greater than these.​—John 14:12. Jesus did not mean that we would perform miracles as he did. Rather, his followers would preach and teach in a larger territory, to more people, and for a longer period of time than he did. If you have a secular job, ask yourself these questions: ‘Am I known at my workplace as a hard worker? Do I complete my work on time and to the best of my ability?’ If you can answer yes, then you will likely earn your employer’s trust. You will also make the Kingdom message more appealing to those who are observing you. When it comes to the preaching and teaching work, ask yourself these questions: ‘Am I known as a hard worker in the ministry? Do I prepare well for initial calls? Do I return promptly to talk with interested people? And do I have a regular share in various aspects of the ministry?’ If you can answer yes, you will find joy in your work. w19.12 5 ¶14-15 Saturday, January 23 Each one of you must love his wife as he does himself; on the other hand, the wife should have deep respect for her husband.​—Eph. 5:33. A couple who decide to have children do well to discuss two important questions: First, when do they want to have children? Second, how many children do they want? When is the best time for a couple to have such a discussion? And why are those two subjects so important? In most cases, before they get married, a couple do well to address the subject of having children. Why then? One good reason is that being of the same mind on this matter is important. Also, they will need to consider whether they are ready for that responsibility. Some couples have decided to wait at least a year or two after their wedding before having children because becoming parents will consume much time and energy. They reason that by waiting for a while, they will give themselves time to adjust to married life and draw closer to each other. w19.12 23 ¶4-5 Sunday, January 24 A true friend . . . is a brother who is born for times of distress.​—Prov. 17:17. Around the world, many servants of Jehovah are facing stressful, even painful, situations. Some Christians are dealing with a serious illness or with the death of a loved one. Others are enduring the intense pain of seeing a family member or close friend leave the truth. Still others are coping with the effects of natural disasters. All such brothers and sisters need comfort. How can we help them? Be a loyal friend. Loyal friends make sacrifices in order to support their brothers and sisters. For example, a brother named Peter was diagnosed with a very aggressive terminal illness. His wife, Kathryn, says: “A couple in our congregation took us to the appointment where we found out about Peter’s illness. They decided not to let us go on this painful journey alone, and they have been by our side whenever we have needed them.” How comforting it is to have true friends, who can help us to endure our trials! w20.01 8 ¶1; 9 ¶5; 10 ¶6 Monday, January 25 They all became filled with holy spirit and started to speak in different languages.​—Acts 2:4. If you were one of the disciples gathered in the upper room at Pentecost 33 C.E., there would be no question in your mind that you were anointed by holy spirit. (Acts 2:5-12) But do all those who are anointed by holy spirit receive their anointing in some spectacular manner and at the same time in their life? No. Consider the matter of timing. That group of about 120 Christians were not the only ones anointed by holy spirit on that day. Later that day, about 3,000 others also received the promised holy spirit. Their anointing occurred when they got baptized. (Acts 2:37, 38, 41) But in the years that followed, not all anointed Christians received their anointing at their baptism. The Samaritans received their anointing sometime after their baptism. (Acts 8:14-17) And in what certainly was an exceptional instance, Cornelius and his household were anointed even before they got baptized.​—Acts 10:44-48. w20.01 20-21 ¶2-4 Tuesday, January 26 I have made your name known to them.​—John 17:26. In the four Gospels alone, Jesus used the term “Father” some 165 times in reference to Jehovah. Why did Jesus speak so much about Jehovah? One reason is that people might be convinced that Jehovah is a loving Father. (John 17:25) Consider what we learn about Jehovah from the way that he treated his Son, Jesus. Jehovah always heard Jesus’ prayers. He not only heard Jesus’ prayers but also answered them. (John 11:41, 42) No matter what trials Jesus faced, he sensed his Father’s love and support. (Luke 22:42, 43) As a loving Father, Jehovah made sure that Jesus knew he had his Father’s backing. (Matt. 26:53; John 8:16) While Jehovah did not shield Jesus from all injury, He helped him to endure trials. Jesus was assured that any harm he might suffer would be temporary. (Heb. 12:2) Jehovah proved that he cared for Jesus by listening to him, providing for him, training him, and supporting him.​—John 5:20; 8:28. w20.02 3 ¶6-7, 9 Wednesday, January 27 Do all things for God’s glory. Keep from becoming causes for stumbling.​—1 Cor. 10:31, 32. When deciding whether to share in a custom or tradition, we should think about how our decision may affect the consciences of others, especially fellow Christians. Never would we want to stumble someone! (Mark 9:42) Also, we want to avoid needlessly offending those who are not Witnesses. Love will move us to speak to them in a respectful way, which glorifies Jehovah. We certainly would not quarrel with people or ridicule their traditions. Remember, love is powerful! When we reflect it in a considerate and respectful manner, we may even soften the hearts of opposers. Make it known in your community that you are one of Jehovah’s Witnesses. (Isa. 43:10) You will likely find it easier to handle emotionally charged situations if your relatives and neighbors know that you worship Jehovah God. May we never be ashamed of the stand that we take in defense of the truth.​—Rom. 1:16. w19.04 17-18 ¶14-16 Thursday, January 28 I am the least of the apostles, and I am not worthy of being called an apostle.​—1 Cor. 15:9. The 12 apostles followed Jesus during his earthly ministry, but the apostle Paul did not become a Christian until after Jesus’ death and resurrection. Although he was eventually appointed to be “an apostle to the nations,” Paul did not qualify for the special privilege of becoming one of the 12 apostles. (Rom. 11:13; Acts 1:21-26) Rather than envying those 12 men and the close association they had enjoyed with Jesus, Paul remained output with what he had. If we are output and humble, we will be like Paul and show respect for the authority that Jehovah has given to others. (Acts 21:20-26) He has arranged for appointed men to take the lead in the Christian congregation. Despite their imperfections, Jehovah considers them “gifts in men.” (Eph. 4:8, 11) When we respect these appointed men and humbly follow their direction, we stay close to Jehovah and enjoy peace with our fellow Christians. w20.02 17 ¶13-14 Friday, January 29 We love, because he first loved us.​—1 John 4:19. Before studying with Jehovah’s Witnesses, you may have formed a deep appreciation for the Bible. And you may have developed a love for Jesus. Now that you have come to know Jehovah’s Witnesses, you might love to associate with them. But loving those good things will not necessarily make you want to dedicate yourself to Jehovah and get baptized. The primary motivation that will lead you to baptism is love for Jehovah God himself. When you love Jehovah more than all else, you will not let anything or anyone prevent you from serving him. You could view love for Jehovah as both the gateway to baptism and the guardrail that helps you stay on the path of serving God. Jesus said that we must love Jehovah with our whole heart, soul, mind, and strength. (Mark 12:30) How can you learn to love and respect Jehovah that deeply? Reflecting on Jehovah’s love for us moves us to love him in return. w20.03 4 ¶4-5 Saturday, January 30 Fully accomplish your ministry.​—2 Tim. 4:5. What does it mean to accomplish our ministry fully? Simply put, to accomplish our ministry fully, we must have as full a share as possible in the preaching and teaching work. But more is involved than the amount of time. Our motive is important to Jehovah. Because we love Jehovah and our neighbor, we work whole-souled in our Christian ministry. (Mark 12:30, 31; Col. 3:23) Serving God whole-souled means giving of ourselves, using our strength and energies to the best of our ability in his service. When we appreciate the privilege of doing the preaching work, we try to share the good news with as many people as we can. We may be limited in the amount of time we can devote to the preaching work. Yet, that is what we love to do. We strive to improve our ability to reach people’s hearts with the good news. We make the preaching work our priority. w19.04 2 ¶3; 3 ¶4, 6 Sunday, January 31 Truth is not in him.​—John 8:44. Satan’s lies add grief and suffering to mankind. Parents who are grieving the death of a child may be told that God has taken the child, perhaps to be an angel in heaven. Does this satanic lie lessen their pain or add to it? The false teaching of hellfire has been used to justify torture, including the burning at the stake of those who opposed church teachings. According to a book on the Spanish Inquisition, some of those responsible for this cruelty may have believed that they were only giving heretics “a taste of what perpetual hellfire would be like” so that they would repent before dying and be saved from hellfire. In a number of lands, people feel compelled to pay homage to their dead ancestors, to honor them, or to seek a blessing from them. Others want to appease their ancestors in order to avoid some form of punishment. Sadly, beliefs based on satanic lies do not bring genuine comfort. Instead, they cause needless anxiety or even fear. w19.04 14 ¶1; 16 ¶10

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Christians How did Jesus’ followers come to be known as Christians? Ac 11:26 What identifies true Christians? Joh 13:15, 35; 15:17; 1Pe 2:21 See also Ga 5:22, 23; Php 2:5, 6; 1Jo 2:6; 4:20 On what basis are true Christians saved? Ac 4:12; 1Th 5:9; Re 7:10 See also Ac 5:30, 31; Ro 6:23 Why do Christians submit to Christ as their heavenly King? Da 7:13, 14; Eph 5:24; Php 2:9, 10; Col 1:13 See also Ps 2:6; 45:1, 6, 7; Joh 14:23; Eph 1:19-22 Why do true Christians refrain from getting involved in the affairs of this world? Joh 15:19; Jas 4:4; 1Jo 2:15 See also “Friendship With the World” and “Governments​—Christians Remain Neutral” Why do true Christians obey secular governments? Ro 13:1, 6, 7; Tit 3:1; 1Pe 2:13, 14 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 22:15-22​—Jesus explains why his followers pay taxes Ac 4:19, 20; 5:27-29​—Jesus’ followers show that their obedience to secular governments has limits In what sense are Christians soldiers? 2Co 10:4; 2Ti 2:3 See also Eph 6:12, 13; 1Ti 1:18 Why do Christians need to live according to their beliefs? Mt 5:16; Tit 2:6-8; 1Pe 2:12 See also Eph 4:17, 19-24; Jas 3:13 Relevant Bible account(s): Ac 9:1, 2; 19:9, 23​—Christian worship is referred to as “The Way,” suggesting a way of life Why must true Christians be witnesses of Jehovah God? Isa 43:10, 12; Joh 17:6, 26; Ro 15:5, 6; Re 3:14 See also Heb 13:15 Why are true Christians also witnesses of Jesus Christ? Ac 1:8; 5:42; 10:40-42; 18:5; Re 12:17 See also Ac 5:30, 32; 13:31 Why should all true Christians be preachers of the good news? Mt 28:19, 20; Lu 10:9; Ro 10:9, 10; Re 22:17 See also Isa 61:1; 1Co 9:16 How should Christians view persecution? See “Persecution” Are all true Christians called to heavenly life with Jesus Christ? Lu 12:32; Re 7:3, 4; 14:1 See also 1Pe 1:3, 4 What is the future hope of the majority of true Christians? Ps 37:29; Re 7:9, 10; 21:3, 4 Are true Christians scattered throughout the denominations of Christendom? Joh 10:16; 17:20, 21; 1Co 1:10 Are all who claim to be Christians really disciples of Jesus? Mt 7:21-23; Ro 16:17, 18; 2Co 11:13-15; 2Pe 2:1 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 13:24-30, 36-43​—Jesus gives an illustration showing that there would be many counterfeit Christians 2Co 11:24-26​—The apostle Paul lists “false brothers” among the dangers he faced 1Jo 2:18, 19​—The apostle John warns that “many antichrists” had already defected from the truth

Listen to God (ld) 2011

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/listen-to-god-ld

Listen to God Printed Edition

A Day with the Birds at Lake Nakuru

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101977006

A Day with the Birds at Lake Nakuru By “Awake!” correspondent in Kenya “THE greatest bird spectacle on earth.” “An ornithologist’s paradise.” “A birdwatcher’s Serengeti.” How could I resist an opportunity to visit such an area? The place is Lake Nakuru, covering about 25 square miles (65 square kilometers) in East Africa’s Rift Valley. This shallow alkaline lake has become known internationally for its flamingos, sometimes numbering into the millions. That is a “spectacle” indeed! A friend of mine at Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, kindly offered to take my family along for a day to see the birds at Lake Nakuru. We got an early start, and before long the 100-mile (161-kilometer) drive brought us to the lake. Birds already were soaring in the warm air currents rising from the sun-drenched land. We made our way to a high vantage point on the western shore of the lake. From there we could view the entire body of water. It seemed incredible that a shallow basin not more than 12 feet (3.7 meters) deep could sustain such a large collection of birds. Besides the 1,125,000 flamingos that have been counted at a time (and estimates of 2,000,000), there are hundreds of other bird species at Nakuru. Although there is a chain of soda lakes in the Rift Valley, Lake Nakuru especially enjoys chemical and physical characteristics ideally producing the blue-green algae upon which the flamingos and fish feed. This, together with a complex combination of saline and alkaline output, suspended nutrients, freshwater influx, sunlight exposure and evaporation, makes Lake Nakuru most suited to sustain this “ornithologist’s paradise.” The lake might also be considered essential to the survival of migrant species coming from as far away as the shores of the Arctic Ocean. Some of these world travelers have been known to spend more time on the lake annually than at their distant breeding grounds. Although we cannot claim to be ornithologists, it was not difficult to identify a hawk eagle perched on an offshore pole. Viewed through binoculars, the bird appeared to be about 20 inches (51 centimeters) long from crest to tail. Predatory birds, like the eagles, have an attraction all their own, due to either their handsome appearance or their dramatic mode of flight. No sooner had we settled ourselves to continue our drive through Lake Nakuru National Park than another bird of the eagle family came into view. Perched on a dead tree stump was a fish eagle. Its white head, chest, back and tail, chestnut-colored belly and black wings gave it a magnificent appearance. The fish eagle’s shrieking call is one of the characteristic sounds at Lake Nakuru. This bird’s unusual practice of throwing back its head when making the call seems to add to its wild gull-like cry. The fish eagle can be seen plunging from a height of some 30 feet (9 meters) into the water for a meal, or it may be seen chasing other fish-eating birds in the hope of sharing their prey. For that matter, on an alkaline lake like this the fish eagle may turn to feasting on other water birds as a staple of its diet, and flamingos are easy to catch. But the fish eagle is essentially a fish eater. The talons on its feet enable the bird to grip slippery fish in water. As we viewed the lake from our high vantage point, it was a delight to see such a variety of water birds along the shore and wading in the water. For instance, with the naked eye we could identify the “funereal” marabou stork. He stood, undertakerlike, among the greater flamingo and the lesser flamingo, as well as the white pelicans. When we looked through the binoculars, several of the thirty-nine species of waders common to the lake came into view. They range from the long spindle-legged stilts to the tiny five-inch-high (13-centimeter-high) stints. The little stints breed in Scandinavia and Siberia. We listened with pleasure as these tiny intercontinental travelers chirped and tweeted while basking in the African sunshine. Overhead I counted thirty birds in a cloud of white pelicans gliding about. Among them was a Verreaux’s eagle, distinctive for its grace of flight and black plumage with white patches on the rump and wings. A bird-watching colleague indicated that this magnificent bird confines its feeding interests mainly to the hyrax, the rock badger of the Bible. (Lev. 11:5) The hyrax abounds in the cliffs of the western escarpment rising from the lakeshore. Shortly after our viewing this hunter on the wing, two rock badgers were sighted attacking a vulture in a tree on the escarpment, no doubt because that predator was getting dangerously close to their nest. Another remarkable feature about this eagle is that it has been known to breed in Kenya at altitudes of 11,000 to 13,500 feet (3,353 to 4,114 meters). As the morning wore on, we were anxious to get a closer look at the birds on the shores of the lake. So we drove along its western shore and were rewarded with close-ups of the African darter. This bird is distinguished from the cormorant by its longer neck with a characteristic “kink.” Here and there, an African spoonbill came into view. Our View from Pelican’s Corner In time, we arrived at Pelican’s Corner. Appropriately named, indeed! Hundreds of white pelicans were seen there. It was a delight to watch them paddle majestically along the lake, usually in flotillas. We counted twelve in one lineup. At this “aquatic airport,” there appeared to be incessant takeoffs and landings. A pelican’s takeoff is surprisingly efficient, even if a little cumbersome in appearance. This heavy bird rises from the water flapping its large wings, with webbed feet still splashing the surface water three, four, five or six times before it becomes truly airborne. Its appearance in flight, with head held well back, is the epitome of grace and grandeur. When they were landing, these birds reminded us of the flying boats of years gone by. Pelicans display instinctive fishing qualities. They sometimes fish in groups, gathering in a half circle to drive a shoal of fish into the shallows. At Pelican’s Corner we also were rewarded with a view of several hundred flamingos. Predominant in numbers were the lesser flamingos, with their pink plumage. The greater flamingos stand about 4 feet (1.2 meters) high. Mainly, they have whiter plumage, with black and bright red on the wings. As flamingos fly, they stretch their long necks forward and their stiltlike legs backward. Their diet consists chiefly of the algae in the mineral-rich waters. The bills of these birds have a network of fine, tough bristles through which water is pumped by the tongue, leaving the trapped algae to be swallowed. The flamingo really is the glory of Lake Nakuru. When birds congregate in an area a few hundred yards wide and probably a half mile (.8 kilometer) long, individual takeoff is impossible and there has to be a maneuver in mass formation to get airborne. After feeding all day, the birds are known to take flight en masse in the evening, heading for another part of the lake or for a nearby body of water. This event is the sight that has drawn bird lovers from all over the world. Other Treats Await Us Reluctant as we were to leave Pelican’s Corner, we realized that we had traveled only halfway around Lake Nakuru. Along the south shore, we had another treat awaiting us. There was a steppe eagle perched supremely on an upper branch of a tree. As we viewed it through a telescope, we noted that the bird’s bluish-purple beak was accentuated by bright-yellow markings on either side curving around the lower parts of the eyes. Otherwise, the bird was dark brown. As the name implies, the steppe eagle breeds on the steppes of Asia. Stalking a secretary bird, but being no match for its long-legged gait through the grassland, I raised my camera to photograph another, perched in a tree. Just then, two yellow-billed storks flew into view and I snapped a picture of them instead. Such are the frequent surprises of bird-watching at Lake Nakuru. Proceeding along the eastern side of the lake, we left the water’s edge and traversed forest and bushland. Once we stopped to allow four Jackson’s francolins to cross the road. In a hollow near Lion Hill, we spotted a family of three ground hornbills. Their red skin markings on face and throat gave them the appearance of domestic turkeys. Now and then the attractive hoopoe would fly past and we recalled that the Mosaic law termed it an unclean bird.​—Lev. 11:13, 19; Deut. 14:11, 12, 18. No bird sanctuary is complete without a place of concealment called a “hide.” At Lake Nakuru this facility also is provided for visitors. What a treat it was for us to see the glamorous pied kingfisher perched just a few yards away! It hovers over the water before dropping like a stone to catch a fish. There, too, were the “sacred” ibis and the Egyptian goose. The picture framed by the covering of the “hide” was delightfully enhanced by the presence of a small herd of docile-looking defassa waterbuck, browsing in the grassy areas near the water. This brought to an end our day among the birds at Lake Nakuru. We had identified some thirty different species. It is claimed, however, that ornithologists have little difficulty spotting some 120 species of birds in a good day’s viewing in this area. Brief though our bird-watching excursion had been, it brightened our hope for the time, near at hand, when the whole earth will be a restored paradise. Then these delightful examples of our Creator’s handiwork will grace the earth in great profusion and wing their way through clear, clean, untroubled skies.

Road to Life (ol) 2002

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/ol

input Page/​Publishers’ Page The Road to Everlasting Life​—Have You Found It? This publication is not for sale. It is provided as part of a worldwide Bible educational work supported by voluntary donations. To make a donation, please visit www.jw.org. Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the modern-language New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures​—With References. 2012 Printing English (ol-E) © 2002 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Page Two

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101978000

Page Two 3 A LIFE WITHOUT PAIN​—IS IT REALLY POSSIBLE? It is a fact that some people never experience pain. Would you want to be one of them? 5 THE PAINLESS LIFE YOU CAN ENJOY What pain is; when and how you can be relieved of all unwanted pain 13 SCHOOL FATIGUE​—WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT IT? The underlying cause of this common “ailment”; what teachers, parents and students can do to overcome it 17 MAGNETISM​—POWERFUL SERVANT OF MAN Fascinating characteristics of this force; practical and beautiful ways in which it affects your life; potentials that are now being developed

Our Problems (op) 1990

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/our-problems-op

Foreword To the Reader: We are sure you have your own share of problems. Everyone has. At school or at work, you may face interesting problems that challenge you. Other problems are more painful, though. If you are poor, just getting enough to eat can be a continuing challenge. Sickness in the family makes matters worse. Unhappy marriages, prejudice, unfair practices, political unrest, and economic uncertainty make life more difficult. Can such problems be solved? That is the subject of this publication. The question is discussed in conversations between two families. The conversations and the families are fictional. But the problems discussed are real, and the solutions arrived at really work. If you study and apply what this publication says, the information will truly change your life for the better. There are questions on page 30 that can be used to review the material. [Picture on page 2] Do you have the answers?

How Important Are Looks?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101986006

Young People Ask . . . How Important Are Looks? ‘I’ve got this dislike about my body,’ laments 16-year-old Maria. ‘I think I don’t look so good’ YOU say you don’t like the way you look? Well, few of us​—if any—​are entirely satisfied with our physical appearance. Unlike Narcissus, who fell in love with his reflection in a pool of water, some of us nearly fall into depression when we see our reflection in the mirror. Especially may this be so if you are a growing, perhaps self-conscious youth. ‘I’ve got this dislike about my body,’ laments 16-year-old Maria. ‘I think I don’t look so good.’ Thirteen-year-old Bob has a similar grievance: ‘I don’t like my hair, the way it sticks up here in the back.’ Of course, it’s only natural to want to look attractive. And making reasonable efforts to care for your personal appearance makes good sense. Nevertheless, has concern about your looks begun to dominate your thinking? Do you dislike yourself because of how you look? If so, ask yourself, How legitimate are my complaints? Could it be that I am simply trapped on the ceaseless treadmill of longing for greener grass? Greener Grass Yes, for many, life is like an endless line of fences with greener grass just on the other side. You’ve seen such ones. The naturally slender girl who thinks she is skinny and eats herself sick. The pleasingly plump girl who thinks she is fat and nearly starves herself to death. Or ones like Annie, who grew faster than her schoolmates. Was she delighted with her adult stature? She recalls: “I was taller than everybody. It was embarrassing for me. I had a really tiny friend and I used to envy her.” Thus, beauty aids, gadgets, and contraptions abound. Plastic surgeons proliferate and prosper. And at risk to health and happiness, young people fret about the unchangeable. Is there a way off this merry-go-round of dissatisfaction? Yes! But the key is having the right viewpoint toward your looks. How do you get it? Let’s begin by trying to understand why you may feel the way you do. Powerful Influences There are many forces that influence our views and feelings about our looks. One such influence comes from within. The Bible calls such “the desires incidental to youth.” (2 Timothy 2:22) These desires manifest themselves in many ways, and one such is an exaggerated concern with how we look. Interestingly, though, professor of psychiatry Richard M. Sarles shows that those desires are often fed: “Adolescence is a period of transition in which a major reorganization of the body takes place. . . . To deal with the awkwardness of a new and changing body, most adolescents rely upon the security of their peer group.” In other words, if our friends do not notice how big our nose is, we can shrug it off. But when peers notice, so do we. Another persuasive influence is the subtle system known as the media. From childhood on, TV, books, and movies teach us that “good” people are beautiful and that “bad” people are ugly, a theme relentlessly echoed throughout the corridors of the media. This worsens the tendency of imperfect humans to “look at things according to their face value,” to stereotype people according to their looks.​—2 Corinthians 10:7. The media would thus have you believe that if you’re not a sleek, seductive, high-cheekboned, flawless-skinned beauty, or a muscle-bound “hunk,” you might as well crawl into a hole somewhere​—or at least give up on the idea of ever being popular, successful, or happy. Of course, consciously you probably see the media’s ploy for what it is: utter nonsense. However, much of the media’s effect is subconscious. Subtly or blatantly, beauty is idealized or worshiped at every turn! Striking looks sell everything from perfume to chain saws. As a result, many people buy not only products but also the twisted notion that looks are everything. Combating the ‘Beautiful People’ Fantasy Without a doubt, then, the ‘beautiful people’ fantasy infects many. Life becomes an endless round of fad diets, gaudy cosmetics, and expensive treatments. The Bible, however, says: “Don’t let the world around you squeeze you into its own mould.” (Romans 12:2, Phillips) Think: Who is it that promotes the idea that you need a certain look if you are to be popular, successful, or happy? Is it not the manufacturers and advertisers who profit from such deception? Why let your thinking be molded by them? And if the put-downs about your looks emanate from friends, who needs “friends” like that, anyway? The Bible further advises you to “think so as to have a sound mind.” (Romans 12:3) That can mean casting a dubious eye on propaganda​—whether from friends or from the media—​that promotes self-dissatisfaction. Isn’t it true that very few people really look like supermodels? “Beauty is a bubble,” says the Bible. (Proverbs 31:30, Byington) So even people who are paid for their looks are at their peak for but a brief moment​—before they are discarded for a fresh new face. Also, wonders can be done for the face and body with makeup, lighting, and photographic magic. Some have been shocked when they saw their favorite celebrity in person without the benefit of his or her complex beauty-support system! Another point to ponder: Aren’t most of your friends rather average-looking? Some of them may by certain standards even be considered unattractive. And what about your parents? Would either of them be material for the cover of a fashion magazine? Probably not. But does that change your feelings toward them? In fact, once you come to appreciate them for what they are and not for how they look, you probably seldom even think about their looks. Finally, is it not true that as a growing youth, your appearance is changing anyway? Teens mature at different rates. So if you’re too short or too tall, or your complexion isn’t right, be patient. Time may take care of some of these so-called flaws. Looking at such matters with a sound mind can thus spare you the frustration of trying to match the unnatural images of screen and glossy magazines or of making unnecessary comparisons of yourself with other youths. You have assets that far outweigh any physical deficiencies​—imagined or real. However, there is yet one more important factor for you to consider. God’s Thinking on the Matter Have you ever noticed how little the Bible talks about the way people looked? Why aren’t we told what Abraham, Mary​—or even Jesus—​looked like? Obviously, God did not consider it important. In fact, God once rejected for the position of king a young man named Eliab, who was apparently a fine physical specimen! Jehovah God explained to the prophet Samuel: “Do not look at his appearance and at the height of his stature. . . . For not the way man sees is the way God sees, because mere man sees what appears to the eyes; but as for Jehovah, he sees what the heart is.” (1 Samuel 16:6, 7) God instead chose a young boy named David. Rightly, then, the Bible encourages us to focus our attention, not on outward adornment, but on “the secret person of the heart.” (1 Peter 3:3, 4) Of course, this does not mean we should neglect our outward appearance. The Bible encourages us to maintain high standards of dress and grooming. (Compare 1 Timothy 2:9.) Still, at times our outward appearance may distress us a bit. But what a comfort it is to know that to God, the One who really counts, our looks are not the important thing! “He sees what the heart is.” Would it not therefore be wise to stop worrying so much about your looks and work instead on beautifying your heart before him? [Picture on page 14] What you dislike about yourself may be envied by others [Picture on page 15] You have assets that far outweigh any physical deficiencies

Great Teacher (te) 1971

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/te

Chapter 39 ‘Blessed Is the One Coming as King’ DO YOU know the Lord’s Prayer?⁠— Let me hear you say it.⁠— If you don’t remember it, we will read it together from the Bible at Matthew chapter six, verses nine to thirteen. Now, in that prayer it says, “Let your kingdom come.” What is a kingdom? Do you know?⁠— A kingdom is a government. And you know what that is, don’t you?⁠— The government is a group of persons who rule a country. In a government there is a head person or ruler. In some countries this person is called the president. But do you know what the ruler of God’s government is called?⁠— He is the king. For God’s kingdom Jehovah himself has picked the king. Do you know who that king is?⁠— He is Jesus Christ. He is better than any ruler that men choose. Jesus has more power than any of those rulers. And Jesus really loves God, so he always does what is right. Long ago in Israel new kings would ride into Jerusalem on a colt to show themselves to the people. This is what Jesus did. Just outside of Jerusalem there was a small village. As Jesus got near to it, he said to two of his disciples: ‘Go into that village, and you will find a colt. Loose it and bring it to me.’ The disciples did just as Jesus said. And when they brought the colt to Jesus, he sat down upon it. As he got near Jerusalem, a great crowd of people came out to meet him. As Jesus rode along, most of the crowd began laying their outer garments on the road in front of him. Others cut down branches from the trees and put these on the road. They showed by this that they wanted Jesus as king. The people were glad to welcome Jesus. They cried out: “Blessed is the One coming as the King in Jehovah’s name!” But not everyone was happy that Jesus was riding into Jerusalem as king. Some even said to Jesus, ‘Tell your disciples to be quiet.’​—Luke 19:28-40. How do you feel about having Christ as king?⁠— If you had been living when Jesus rode into Jerusalem, would you have welcomed him as the one sent by Jehovah to his people?⁠— Well, Jesus is not on earth today, is he?⁠— He is in heaven. It is from there in heaven that he rules as king. Even though we cannot see him, he can see every one of us here on earth. We can’t fool him. He sees what we do, and he even knows what we are thinking. If we really love Jehovah, he knows that. And if we are trying hard to do what the Bible says, he will help us. Would you like to have him as your king forever?⁠— Not everyone wants Christ to be king. They may say they believe in God, but they do not want his kingdom. They don’t want God or Christ to be telling them what to do. They want their own governments right here on earth. So do you know what is going to happen to them?⁠— The Bible gives us the answer at Daniel chapter two, verse forty-four. Let’s get our Bibles and turn there together. This scripture is speaking about our own day when it says: “In the days of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be brought to ruin. And the kingdom itself will not be passed on to any other people. It will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, and it itself will stand to times indefinite.” Did you understand that?⁠— The Bible says that God’s government is going to destroy all these earthly governments. Why?⁠— Because they don’t obey the one whom God has made king. The whole earth belongs to God. He made it as well as the whole universe. So he has the right to decide what kind of government should rule. And his government is the best. Soon God’s kingdom will be the only government there is. Do you want to live forever under God’s kingdom?⁠— I do. But we need to prove that to God. Do you know how?⁠— It is by learning the laws of God and obeying them every day. Now, God says that his kingdom will destroy the governments of men. But does he tell us that we should do that?⁠— No. The Bible says that we should obey the laws of men, just as long as God lets those governments rule. But if we really want Christ as king, we have to do more than that. We have to obey all the things that Christ said. He said that we should be “no part of the world.” Would we be obeying him if we tried to be a part of the governments of the world?⁠— Jesus and his apostles stayed away from such things.​—John 17:14. What did they do instead?⁠— They talked to other people about God’s kingdom. That was the big work in their lives. Can we do that too?⁠— Yes, and we will do it if we mean what we say when we pray for God’s kingdom to come. (Take a few more minutes now to read these further scriptures that show how we should view the one whom God has made king: Isaiah 9:6, 7; Daniel 7:13, 14; John 18:36; Matthew 6:33.)

Greatest Man (gt) 1991

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/gt

Chapter 49 Another Preaching Tour of Galilee AFTER about two years of intensive preaching, will Jesus now begin to let up and take it easy? On the contrary, he expands his preaching activity by setting out on yet another tour, a third one of Galilee. He visits all the cities and villages in the territory, teaching in the synagogues and preaching the good news of the Kingdom. What he sees on this tour convinces him more than ever of the need to intensify the preaching work. Wherever Jesus goes, he sees the crowds in need of spiritual healing and comfort. They are like sheep without a shepherd, skinned and thrown about, and he feels pity for them. He tells his disciples: “Yes, the harvest is great, but the workers are few. Therefore, beg the Master of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest.” Jesus has a plan of action. He summons the 12 apostles, whom he had chosen nearly a year earlier. He divides them into pairs, making six teams of preachers, and gives them instructions. He explains: “Do not go off into the road of the nations, and do not enter into a Samaritan city; but, instead, go continually to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. As you go, preach, saying, ‘The kingdom of the heavens has drawn near.’” This Kingdom that they are to preach about is the one Jesus taught them to pray for in the model prayer. The Kingdom has drawn near in the sense that God’s designated King, Jesus Christ, is present. To establish his disciples’ credentials as representatives of that superhuman government, Jesus empowers them to cure the sick and even raise the dead. He instructs them to perform these services free. Next he tells his disciples not to make material preparations for their preaching tour. “Do not procure gold or silver or copper for your girdle purses, or a food pouch for the trip, or two undergarments, or sandals or a staff; for the worker deserves his food.” Those who appreciate the message will respond and contribute food and housing. As Jesus says: “Into whatever city or village you enter, search out who in it is deserving, and stay there until you leave.” Jesus then gives instructions on how to approach householders with the Kingdom message. “When you are entering into the house,” he instructs, “greet the household; and if the house is deserving, let the peace you wish it come upon it; but if it is not deserving, let the peace from you return upon you. Wherever anyone does not take you in or listen to your words, on going out of that house or that city shake the dust off your feet.” Of a city that rejects their message, Jesus reveals that the judgment upon it will indeed be severe. He explains: “Truly I say to you, It will be more endurable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah on Judgment Day than for that city.” Matthew 9:35–10:15; Mark 6:6-12; Luke 9:1-5. ▪ When does Jesus begin a third preaching tour of Galilee, and of what does it convince him? ▪ When sending his 12 apostles out to preach, what instructions does he give them? ▪ Why is it correct for the disciples to teach that the Kingdom has drawn near?

Ministry School (be) 2002

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/be

How to Do Research KING SOLOMON “pondered and made a thorough search, that he might arrange many proverbs in order.” Why? Because he was interested in writing “correct words of truth.” (Eccl. 12:9, 10) Luke “traced all things from the start with accuracy” in order to narrate in logical order the events of Christ’s life. (Luke 1:3) Both of these servants of God were doing research. What is research? It is a careful search for information about a particular matter. It includes reading, and it requires the application of the principles of study. It may also involve interviewing people. What circumstances call for research? Here are a few examples. Your personal study or Bible reading may give rise to questions that are important to you. Someone to whom you witness may raise a question on which you would like to have specific information for a reply. You may have been assigned to give a talk. Consider that assignment to give a talk. The material that you have been asked to cover may seem quite general. How can you apply it locally? Enrich it by doing research. When supported with a statistic or two or with an example that fits your material and that touches the lives of those in your audience, a point that may have seemed obvious becomes informative, even motivating. The published material with which you are working may have been prepared for readers worldwide, but you need to amplify, illustrate, and apply the points to one congregation or to one person. How should you proceed? Before running in search of information, consider your audience. What will they already know? What do they need to know? Then identify your objective. Is it to explain? to convince? to refute? or to motivate? Explaining requires providing further information to make a matter clear. Although the basic facts may be understood, you may need to expand on when or how to do what is stated. Convincing calls for giving reasons outlining why a thing is so, including presentation of evidence. Refuting requires a thorough knowledge of both sides of an issue along with a careful analysis of evidence used. Of course, we seek not simply strong arguments but ways to present facts in a kindly manner. Motivating involves reaching the heart. It means giving your audience incentive and building up their desire to act on what is being discussed. Real-life examples of those who have taken such action, even in the face of difficulty, can help to reach the heart. Are you now ready to begin? Not quite. Consider how much information you need. Time may be an important factor. If you are going to present the information to others, how much time will be available for you to do it? Five minutes? Forty-five minutes? Is the time fixed, such as at a congregation meeting, or is it flexible, such as on a Bible study or a shepherding call? Finally, what research tools are available to you? In addition to what you have at home, are there more in the library at your Kingdom Hall? Would brothers who have been serving Jehovah for many years be willing to let you consult their research tools? Is there a public library in your area where reference books can be used if necessary? Using Our Foremost Research Tool​—The Bible If your research project involves the meaning of a scripture, start with the Bible itself. Examine the Context. Ask yourself: ‘To whom was this text directed? What do the surrounding verses indicate as to the circumstances leading up to the statement or the attitude of the people involved?’ Such details can often help us understand a text, and they can also add life to a talk in which you might use them. For example, Hebrews 4:12 is often quoted to show the power of God’s Word to touch hearts and influence lives. The context adds depth to our appreciation of how that can be so. It discusses the experiences of Israel during the 40 years in the wilderness before entering the land that Jehovah had promised to Abraham. (Heb. 3:7–4:13) “The word of God,” his promise to bring them into a place of rest in harmony with his covenant with Abraham, was not dead; it was alive and moving toward fulfillment. The Israelites had every reason to show faith in it. However, as Jehovah led them from Egypt to Mount Sinai and on toward the Promised Land, they repeatedly showed a lack of faith. Thus, by their reaction to the way that God carried out his word, what was in their hearts was made manifest. In a similar way in our day, God’s word of promise shows up what is in the hearts of men. Check the Cross-References. Some Bibles have cross-references. Does yours? If so, these may help. Note an example from the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. First Peter 3:6 points to Sarah as an example worthy of imitation by Christian wives. A cross-reference to Genesis 18:12 reinforces that by disclosing that Sarah spoke of Abraham as lord “inside herself.” Her submission, therefore, was heartfelt. In addition to such insights, cross-references may refer you to texts that show the fulfillment of a Bible prophecy or of a Law covenant pattern. Realize, however, that some cross-references are not meant to give such explanations. They may simply refer to parallel thoughts or to biographical or geographic information. Search With a Bible Concordance. A Bible concordance is an alphabetic index of words used in the Bible. It can help you locate scriptures that relate to the subject on which you are doing research. As you explore them, you will learn other helpful details. You will see evidence of “the pattern” of truth set forth in God’s Word. (2 Tim. 1:13) The New World Translation contains a basic listing of “Bible Words Indexed.” The Comprehensive Concordance is much more extensive. If it is available in your language, it will direct you to all the texts containing each of the principal words in the Bible. Learning to Use Other Research Tools The box on page 33 lists a number of other research tools that have been provided by “the faithful and discreet slave.” (Matt. 24:45-47) Many of these have a table of outputs, and many have an index in the back, which is designed to help you pinpoint specific information. At the end of each year, subject indexes are published in both The Watchtower and Awake! for that year’s collection of articles. Being familiar with the type of information offered in these Bible study publications can accelerate the research process. Say, for instance, that you want to know about prophecy, doctrine, Christian conduct, or the application of Bible principles. The Watchtower will likely contain what you seek. Awake! deals with current events, contemporary problems, religion, science, and peoples of various lands. Commentary on each account in the Gospels in chronological order appears in The Greatest Man Who Ever Lived. A verse-by-verse discussion of entire Bible books is found in such publications as Revelation​—Its Grand Climax At Hand!, Pay Attention to Daniel’s Prophecy!, and the two volumes of Isaiah’s Prophecy​—Light for All Mankind. In Reasoning From the Scriptures, you will find satisfying answers to hundreds of Bible questions that are commonly raised in the field service. For a clearer understanding of other religions, their teachings, and their historical backgrounds, see Mankind’s Search for God. A detailed account of the modern-day history of Jehovah’s Witnesses is contained in Jehovah’s Witnesses​—Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom. For a report on current developments in the global preaching of the good news, check the latest Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Insight on the Scriptures is a Bible encyclopedia and atlas. If you need details about people, places, things, languages, or historical events associated with the Bible, this is an excellent resource. “Watch Tower Publications Index.” This Index, published in more than 20 languages, will direct you to information in a wide variety of our publications. It is divided into a subject index and a scripture index. To use the subject index, locate a word representing the subject you want to investigate. To use the scripture index, locate in the list of scriptures the one you would like to understand better. If something has been published in your language on that subject or that scripture in the years covered by the Index, you will find a list of references to consult. Use the key in the front of the Index to decipher the abbreviations for the names of cited publications. (With that help, for example, you would learn that w99 3/1 15 refers to The Watchtower for 1999, March 1 issue, page 15.) Main headings such as “Field Ministry Experiences” and “Life Stories of Jehovah’s Witnesses” can be helpful in preparing motivating presentations for the congregation. Since doing research can be very absorbing, be careful not to get sidetracked. Stay focused on your objective to search out the material needed for the task at hand. If the Index refers you to a certain source, turn to the page(s) cited, then use subheadings and opening sentences of paragraphs to guide you to the material that fits your needs. If you are searching for the meaning of a particular Bible verse, first locate the citation on the page to which you are referred. Then examine the surrounding comments. “Watchtower Library” on CD-ROM. If you have access to a computer, you may benefit from using the Watchtower Library on CD-ROM, which contains a vast collection of our publications. The easy-to-use search program enables you to look for a word, a combination of words, or a scripture citation in any of the publications in the Watchtower Library. Even if this research tool is not available in your language, you may be able to benefit from it in a widely used international language with which you are familiar. Other Theocratic Libraries In his second inspired letter to Timothy, Paul asked the young man to bring “the scrolls, especially the parchments,” to him at Rome. (2 Tim. 4:13) Paul valued certain writings and kept them. You can do the same. Do you save your personal copies of The Watchtower, Awake!, and Our Kingdom Ministry even after these have been considered at congregation meetings? If so, you will have them available to use as research tools, along with the other Christian publications you have acquired. Most congregations maintain a collection of theocratic publications in a library at the Kingdom Hall. These are for the benefit of the entire congregation, for their use while at the Kingdom Hall. Maintain Personal Files Keep alert to items of interest that you can use when you are speaking and teaching. If you find in a newspaper or a magazine a news item, statistic, or example that you can use in your ministry, clip it out or copy the information. Include the date, the input of the periodical, and perhaps the name of the author or publisher. At congregation meetings, jot down reasoning points and illustrations that may help you to explain the truth to others. Have you ever thought of a good illustration but did not have an opportunity to use it right away? Write it down, and keep it in a file. After you have been in the Theocratic Ministry School for some time, you will have prepared a number of presentations. Instead of throwing away your notes from these talks, save them. The research you have done may prove useful later. Talk to People People are a rich source of information. When Luke was compiling his Gospel account, he evidently gathered much information by interviewing eyewitnesses. (Luke 1:1-4) Perhaps a fellow Christian can shed light on a matter on which you have been endeavoring to do research. According to Ephesians 4:8, 11-16, Christ uses “gifts in men” to help us grow in “the accurate knowledge of the Son of God.” Interviewing those with experience in serving God may yield useful ideas. Conversing with people may also reveal what they are thinking, and this can help you to prepare material that is truly practical. Evaluate Your Results After wheat is harvested, the grain needs to be removed from the chaff. So it is with the fruitage of your research. Before it is ready for use, you need to separate what is valuable from what is superfluous. If you are going to use the information in a talk, ask yourself: ‘Does the point I plan to use really contribute something worthwhile to my presentation of the subject? Or, even though it is interesting material, does it tend to divert attention from the subject that I ought to be talking about?’ If you are considering using current events or material from the ever-changing fields of science or medicine, make sure that the information is up-to-date. Realize, too, that some points in older publications of ours may have been updated, so consider what has most recently been published on the topic. There is a special need to be cautious if you choose to compile information from secular sources. Never forget that God’s Word is truth. (John 17:17) Jesus occupies the key role in the fulfillment of God’s purpose. Therefore, Colossians 2:3 says: “Carefully concealed in him are all the treasures of wisdom and of knowledge.” Evaluate the fruits of your research from that perspective. With regard to secular research, ask yourself: ‘Is this material exaggerated, speculative, or shortsighted? Was it written with a selfish or commercial motive? Do other authoritative sources agree with it? Above all, does it harmonize with Bible truth?’ Proverbs 2:1-5 encourages us to keep searching for knowledge, understanding, and discernment “as for silver, and as for hid treasures.” That implies both exertion and rich rewards. Research takes effort, but doing it will help you to find God’s thoughts on matters, to correct mistaken ideas, and to make firm your grasp of the truth. It will also add substance and life to your presentations, making them a pleasure to deliver and a delight to hear. WHICH OF THESE RESEARCH TOOLS DO YOU HAVE? New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures Comprehensive Concordance The Watchtower and Awake! Reasoning From the Scriptures Jehovah’s Witnesses​—Proclaimers of God’s Kingdom Insight on the Scriptures Watch Tower Publications Index Watchtower Library on CD-ROM

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK How Can I Choose a Good Role Model?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502017185

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK How Can I Choose a Good Role Model? “When I faced problems at school, it was helpful to think of someone I admired who had gone through something similar. I then tried to follow that person’s example. Having a role model made it easier to get through difficult situations.”​—Haley. A role model can help you avoid problems and reach your goals. The key is to choose a good role model. Why choose carefully? How to choose What your peers say Why choose carefully? Your choice of role models will influence how you act. The Bible tells Christians to take note of those who are exemplary, saying: “As you contemplate how their conduct turns out, imitate their faith.”​—Hebrews 13:7. Tip: Since your choice of role models will influence you for the good or for the bad, select those who have truly commendable qualities, not merely those who are popular or who are close to your age. “I learned a lot from a fellow Christian named Adam​—both from his attitude and from his overall demeanor. It’s amazing how I still remember specific things he said and did. He has no idea of the effect he had on me.”​—Colin. Your choice of role models will affect how you think and feel. The Bible states: “Do not be misled. Bad associations spoil useful habits.”​—1 Corinthians 15:33. Tip: Choose someone who has good qualities, not merely an impressive outer appearance. Otherwise, you may be setting yourself up for disappointment. “It makes you feel very small and ugly when you constantly compare yourself to glamorous people. It can make you obsess over your appearance.”​—Tamara. To think about: What may be the pitfalls of choosing celebrities and athletes as role models? Your choice of role models can affect whether you achieve your goals. The Bible states: “The one walking with the wise will become wise.”​—Proverbs 13:20. Tip: Select role models whose conduct demonstrates the good qualities you want to display. As you observe them, you may learn specific steps you can take toward your goal. “Rather than setting a vague goal like ‘I want to be more responsible,’ you can say, ‘I want to be more responsible like Jane. She is always on time and takes her assignments seriously.’”​—Miriam. The bottom line: When you choose a good role model, you take control over the type of person you will become. Following a good role model can be a shortcut to achieving your goals! How to choose You can select a role model in one of two ways. You can pick a quality you want to work on and then find someone you admire who has that quality. You can choose someone you admire and then select a quality he or she displays that you want to develop. The worksheet that accompanies this article can help you do that. Your role models can include: Peers. “My best friend is someone I want to be like. She is never too busy to stop and show concern for someone else. She is younger than I am, but I see in her beautiful qualities that I lack, and it makes me want to follow her example.”​—Miriam. Adults. These can be your parents or members of your faith. “Without a doubt, both of my parents are role models for me. They have wonderful qualities. I do see their faults, but I also see that they are still faithful despite them. When I am their age, I hope the same can be said of me.”​—Annette. Bible characters. “I have chosen several role models from the Bible​—Timothy, Ruth, Job, Peter, the little Israelite girl​—each for a different reason. The more I learn about Bible characters, the more real they become. I’ve really enjoyed studying the accounts in the book Imitate Their Faith, as well as the ‘Role Model Index’ found in both volumes of the book Questions Young People Ask​—Answers That Work.”​—Melinda. Tip: Don’t limit yourself to only one role model. The apostle Paul said to fellow Christians: “Keep your eye on those who are walking in a way that is in harmony with the example we set for you.”​—Philippians 3:​17. Did you know? You can be someone’s role model! The Bible says: “Become an example to the faithful ones in speaking, in conduct, in love, in faith, in chasteness.”​—1 Timothy 4:​12. “You can be a work in progress and still help others to be better at the same time. You never know who is watching, and you never know how what you say can change a person’s life.”​—Kiana. What your peers say “Many celebrities abuse the body that Jehovah gave them. Looking up to people like that will only do us harm and may distort our view of the normal way to behave.”​—Emma. “Having a good role model helps you succeed in life. You can find out the hard way by experience, or you can watch someone and know exactly what you need to do.”​—Justine. “You may have to search for role models, which involves getting to know people and developing a relationship with them. Role models can be found in unexpected places.”—Micah.

In Search (sc) 1983

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/in-search-sc

In Search of a Father Kham Thong was tired. It had been a hard day, but he liked his work and felt outputed. He had just enjoyed a delicious meal his wife had prepared, and was having a very pleasant time together with her and their two young children. His wife, Oi, was now busy sewing but not too busy to chatter away to anyone who cared to listen. While keeping up his end of the rather disjointed conversation, he began to think. Was it his imagination or was his wife looking better than before? Even the meal seemed to be better than usual. Or was it just his mood? True, he was in a good mood. But casting a more careful look at his wife, he noticed that she was better groomed. But, more important, he noticed her face. It was more relaxed and cheerful than it had looked for a long time. He was pleased about that because he loved her and he believed the feeling was mutual, although their married life had been rough at times. His wife was hardworking and sincere but very touchy and apt to flare up under any kind of implied criticism. As he pondered over this he realized that he and Oi had not had any bitter disagreement for weeks. He recalled the animated and friendly conversation they had enjoyed only the day before as they had eaten those delicious mangoes with sticky rice. True, they had had a disagreement once, but it had been carried on in a friendly spirit. He certainly appreciated that. He had been brought up in a home without parents. His mother had died when he was young. As for his father​—that had been somewhat of a mystery. He could not remember him, and the older members of the family implied that he had walked out on them. They never seemed to want to talk about him. His oldest sister had done the cooking and generally looked after the home. It had not, however, been a real home with a family spirit. Everyone just came and went as he pleased. No doubt she did her best, but always she seemed to be tired and short of time and money. He had understood that, in order to keep them going, she had been receiving money from their oldest brother Tuen, who lived away. But that was barely enough; so she had done some selling at the morning market. As for himself, no one ever showed interest in him as an individual. He had felt very much like an orphan, unwanted​—and lonely. As a child he had often played alone, thought alone and later made things alone. That had tended to make him somewhat of an introvert. A GO-CART AND LETTERS He had developed a strong sense of appreciation for good workmanship. One thing that had influenced him a lot was a wooden go-cart made for him by his father before he left. His father had been a maker of buffalo carts. This go-cart was a wonderful piece of workmanship and never failed to generate in him a great respect for his father as a craftsman, especially as he grew older. In fact, that was what had stirred him to follow his father’s trade; although it had meant teaching himself by trial and error, using his father’s tools, which were still in the old house. Even when he saw his own children playing with it he always thought of his father, but with conflicting feelings in the background. How, on the one hand, could his father give him such a wonderful plaything and yet walk out on the family and leave them without any care? It was only when, sometime after his marriage, he was visiting his oldest sister, who was now married but living in the old home, that he got some enlightenment about his father. Having such a natural eye for good workmanship, he was casually admiring the house that his father had made. That brought his father to mind and caused him to raise the subject again as to what had become of him. “Oh, I don’t know,” she said impatiently. “Here!” she continued, “read these letters; they were from him, to Tuen,” at the same time extracting a bunch of old letters from the back of a drawer and slamming them down in front of him. “You can have them. They are of no use to me.” So he had brought them home and read them. He remembered how he had become so excited about these letters that he even had read parts of them to Oi. “Just imagine,” he had said, “my father was a good man after all! Not just a good craftsman but a good father. He had made provision for the whole family through my oldest brother Tuen. He did care for us after all. Why, he even mentioned me in one of his letters. It was Tuen who misused the money when he went off with that girl friend of his. What little he did send to my oldest sister he made it appear to be his own money. Just think of it,” he stressed again to Oi, “my father was a good man and he cared about us.” Those letters were not complete and did not give any clue as to where his father was or when he expected to be back. Kham remembered saying to Oi how he looked forward to knowing him better. “Maybe he will turn up one of these days,” he said to her. His musings on these recent events were interrupted by his little boy who wanted his pencil sharpened. Instead of just doing it he showed him how and helped him to do it himself. Noticing his boy’s joy as he showed his sister what his daddy had taught him made Kham feel he had scored an “A” grade there as a father, not just as a pencil sharpener. Thinking of this, he felt that he had played the part of a father better since reading those letters. But he was honest enough with himself to see that there must be a bigger cause for the improvement in the family atmosphere. ‘What could it be?’ he wondered ‘What had caused Oi to change?’ He did not know just then that his excitement at finding out about his father had impressed Oi so much. But in fact this was the first time she began to realize how finding a good father could cause so much joy to someone who had never known one before. Kham, lazily gazing around, but deep in thought, focused once more on Oi. Why, how radiant she looked! Just like the time he began courting her. Such a thought emboldened him to ask: “Oi, have you noticed anything about our home lately?” Then, seeing her puzzled look, he added: “I mean about the atmosphere.” “Yes, I have,” she replied. “It’s better.” Knowing how touchy she could be on matters involving her behavior, he asked rather cautiously: “Have you any idea what the cause is?” Oi continued sewing for a moment or two, although not so purposefully as before, then stopped. Kham almost held his breath. He knew this was a situation where she could infer criticism and flare up in anger. But he noted a thoughtful expression on her face instead of anger. “Well, finding out about your father certainly affected you, Kham. I noticed it at the time, and it really made me think quite a bit about the importance of having a good father. In fact,” she said after a pause, “I think your experience in ‘finding’ your father is helping me to find one, too.” “What! You​—find a father? Why, you have always known your father. He lives over at the crossroads.” “Yes, I know, and maybe I took him too much for granted at times. But I don’t mean that father but another one​—a first Father.” Kham was relieved at her general attitude but intrigued with her reply. He had had difficulty in finding one father​—now here was “another one,” a “first Father.” “Whatever do you mean, Oi, ‘another one,’ your ‘first Father’?” Oi swung around, displaying a most captivating smile, which he had not seen for a long time. “Do you really want to know?” she asked. “Sure,” Kham replied with a laugh, easing himself up into a more responsive position. Oi pushed herself clear of the sewing machine and came over to sit by Kham. “Kham, did you notice that a couple of girls have been calling on me on Tuesday afternoons?” “No, but I have seen some girls around that I didn’t seem to know. Who are they?” “Well, a few months ago those two girls appeared at the door and said they wanted to talk to me. They seemed friendly, so I invited them in. One of them started to talk about the unsettled conditions in the world and said there was a remedy. I then realized that they belonged to those people who go from house to house offering religious books. Anyway, I continued to listen, because​—well, I believe we should always be polite—​but also because what the girls said seemed to have some sense to it, although I could not understand some of the things they talked about. Then one of them made a comment that interested me. She said that the Creator​—and hence Father—​of the first man was now gathering people from out of all nations to bring them into one big family and become a Father. . . . ” Then, after some hesitation, Oi continued, “ . . . and God to them. As you can imagine, the idea of being part of a bigger family with a greater Father appealed to me. So I said I would like to know more about it. They came back the following week to tell me more​—and they have been coming every week since then. Now I am beginning to feel that what they say is true. That’s why I said I found a Father.” Hearing that, Kham was silent and deeply disturbed. What she said about that “first Father” attracted him all right, but that word “God” worried him and made him wonder about Oi. Was she going to become a religious fanatic? Then he realized how she was sitting snuggled up to him. Why, it had been years since they had enjoyed such closeness when in serious discussion! Her new religious ideas could not be all that bad if they could change her so much. Quite the contrary he thought, as he responded by putting his arm around her and giving her a hug. That made him feel more relaxed​—but still that word “God” troubled him. She must have known that it would, because he had noticed how she had hesitated before using the word. Sensing their unusual closeness of heart and mind, he felt free to open his heart to her. “Oi, that word ‘God’ bothers me. How does it affect you?” “It bothered me too, at first, Kham, but I have never figured out why. Of course, most of the people around here don’t believe in God, and some openly scoff at the very word.” “Well,” said Kham after a pause, “that could have a lot to do with it. You know, my family seemed to scoff whenever my father was mentioned, and I had feelings that way at times; and if it had not been for that toy cart, and of course those letters, I might have stayed that way.” “That sounds interesting, Kham; it shows how easily other people’s opinions can rub off on us. Wouldn’t it be better to rely just on facts and not be influenced by other people’s prejudices?” “Well put, Oi,” he said, giving her a hug. “Let’s make that a principle and not just follow the crowd. But there is something else that puzzles me. Most of those that scoff at the word ‘God’ and say, ‘Where is he?’ or ‘I can’t see him,’ go to great pains to satisfy demons that they can’t see either. And many seem to have quite a fear of them. Do they associate God with someone to be feared and pacified?” Then he paused and asked: “Do you think that I am repelled by the thought of God because of my subconscious view of God as an all-powerful super demon who torments those who resist him?” “That,” she replied, “is probably true with many people, but those girls showed me that the real God, whose name is Jehovah, is not of that kind. True, he is powerful​—but abundant in mercy even to those who do wrong; and he never torments anyone. He is like a very good but all-powerful father who never dies and so is always ready to help. He is not like demons. He takes the initiative in helping man. The Bible says he is a God of love.” “‘Love,’ you say. If that is true it would appeal to me. Love combined with power could do a lot.” “That is how I feel too,” she agreed. “But,” he added after a long pause, “that does not seem to fit the facts, and we just agreed to rely on facts. For instance, those nations or religions that claim to believe in a God don’t produce any evidence of love. They exploit and kill one another the same as those who don’t believe.” “That’s true,” she exclaimed, “because they are not serving Jehovah but a god of their own making. In fact, they are misrepresenting God. Many of those nations claim to be Christian, but in fact there are no Christian nations on earth today.” “Hum, I can see that such could be possible, but why would they misrepresent him?” he replied. “Well, why did your family misrepresent your father,” she shot back, “especially your brother Tuen?” “Oh, I see now, especially in Tuen’s case, it was to his advantage. You know, Oi, this is getting interesting; but it all seems so complicated I don’t know where to start,” he sighed. A WONDERFUL THOUGHT Oi turned to face him squarely with an earnest but friendly expression, and asked: “Tell me frankly, Kham, do you believe in a Creator?” “That,” he replied, “is a little hard to answer. You see, on the one hand there must be a Creator, to produce all the wonderful things around us.” Then after a pause he looked more closely at Oi, studying her fine regular features, the gleam in her eyes and oh​—that smile. ‘How could that come about,’ he wondered, ‘that beauty of form and profile; surely not just by chance or blind forces​—impossible!’ There was artistry behind it. Noticing her clear, fine-textured skin he recognized it as a great aid to beauty, but not the main one. He recalled seeing pictures of starving children. In spite of their still-smooth skin, their hollow cheeks and staring eyes made them look pitiful. All their fat had gone. On the other hand many people past their prime of life had plenty of fat, but they had lost their beauty of form. The fat was in the wrong place, no longer under control, artistic control. “Well, Kham,” said Oi, breaking the long silence, “I can see that you are looking at me, but where are your thoughts?” Relaxing into a smile again, he said slowly: “You know, Oi, how could a beautiful girl like you exist, just by chance, without a Creator​—and a most artistic one at that? But with all the evidence of a Creator, I am still puzzled. All the trouble and outright wickedness having a free run. Why? There must be a Creator, but why doesn’t he do something?” “That,” she replied, “is what used to puzzle me also. But those girls showed me there was a good reason why God had not acted before, but that soon he would do something.” “You said that they ‘showed you.’ How did they ‘show you’?” “Oh, they showed me in their Bible.” “OK, you talk as if seeing it in the Bible makes it final. But what exactly is this Bible you talk about?” he replied rather puzzled. “It’s a big book,” she explained, “the most ancient history of mankind, from their beginning. One of the girls described it as a collection of letters from God. Over 60 I think she said.” “Letters from God,” Kham repeated, betraying some excitement. “You know, Kham, I remember your telling me that at the time you read those letters from your father you said they gave you a new view of your father, a sort of belonging.” “Yes, they certainly did, because they showed that my father had not deserted the family as had been implied, but that he cared for us and that the trouble was caused by my oldest brother, Tuen.” “Well, do you know, Kham, I got just that same feeling when I read the Bible, those ‘letters’ from God, my first Father. They, too, showed where the true responsibility for trouble lay.” “You seem to be quite excited over those ‘letters’ you talk about,” he observed, smiling. “Yes, weren’t you excited over those letters you found? And they were only from a man!” He had to laugh. She had a point there. “Why were those letters so important to you?” she asked. He thought for quite a while before answering. “Well, I had always had a feeling that my father was a good man, but after those letters I knew he was good and I understood how he had been misrepresented, and then I could openly acknowledge him and defend him.” “Yes,” she replied, “and that’s just what the letters from my first Father did​—they cleared his name. The girls promised to bring me a copy of those letters​—the Bible—​on Tuesday.” Kham’s interest in those letters began to stir, but he did not want to show it too much. In fact he wanted time to think. His little girl came to his aid by distracting her mother over something she had spilled. The mother then decided that it was bedtime. The fact was​—there was something pricking his conscience. He realized that since finding his father’s letters, he had developed a sense of gratitude and responsibility to his father for what he had done for the family and for himself. Should he not have that same feeling toward the original Creator of man​—that is, if there really was such a one. He felt an urge to settle that question in his mind, but how could it be settled? He recalled how the workmanship of that go-cart had been a means of stirring his interest in his father. Then a thought struck him. ‘Did that first Father leave a “go-cart” behind? Well, of course,’ Kham thought as he watched the antics of a house lizard on his ceiling. Why, he reasoned, the whole of nature was really like a go-cart for man to study! So why not study it? He decided to do so as he gave his attention to the lizard busily hunting insects. Cute little legs it had​—far more difficult to produce than wagon wheels. They had to hang down from the ceiling on little suction pads, not just rest on the ground. Who designed and made those? He knew he couldn’t. He recalled his first experience in making his first wagon, especially the wheels. How simple they seemed​—at first; but what a struggle to make the first one. Yes, he had to think to do it. If simple wheels needed so much thinking, how much more thought lizards’ legs would need! As his eyes roved rather aimlessly around the room they settled on Oi, now back at her sewing machine. She was frowning slightly and holding a piece of paper. Feeling the need to show interest in her efforts, he asked: “What are you making?” “Making!” she retorted, “why, I can’t even get started. I bought some material for a dress, but I can’t figure out how to cut it out and still have enough.” “Why, do you have to figure it out to make a dress?” he asked rather teasingly and then paused to see her reaction. “Figure it out, figure it out,” she exclaimed, “of course you have to figure out how to make a dress. It doesn’t just happen!” “Yes, I agree, things don’t just happen,” he said, and they both laughed as he told of his own conclusions about lizards’ legs. As Kham’s wife returned to her ‘figuring out,’ he returned to his. Glancing again at the lizard he recalled that, only a day or two before, he had watched how a newly hatched lizard immediately went hunting for flies. Who programmed it to do that? He recently had read how robots had been made that could be programmed to do different jobs such as welding car bodies. It had taken man thousands of years of collective thinking to reach that point; and he doubted if one of those could be programmed to outmaneuver a fly. And so, the more he pondered over it, the more he became convinced that there must be a Creator, and an amazingly clever one at that. But to be more satisfied on the matter Kham felt the need to have a serious discussion with some of those who denied a Creator. In fact, as far as he could recall, he had never heard anyone talk seriously about it. UNSATISFYING ANSWERS A few days later, while passing through the town, Kham met a former classmate whom he had not seen for some time, and they stopped to have a chat in a coffee shop. He was a likable young man and quite smart. In fact, he had gone on to a university and was considered an up-and-coming intellectual. When he asked Kham how his wife was, Kham suddenly had a thought. Why not try him out on his views about a Creator. So he told him how she was interested in a religion that believed in God. The scoffing response he got surprised Kham because his friend had not been of the scoffing type. Anyway, it opened the way for a direct question: “Where did man and all the things we see in nature come from?” Although he listened intently, Kham had difficulty in understanding it all. His friend spoke of chaos in the beginning with the four elements, fire, water, air and earth (as far as he could remember), but things began to develop step by step, by chance. First there was the first simple cell that multiplied. In the course of time other things developed. If good, they continued to multiply; if not, they died out. They appeared by chance and survived according to circumstances. Kham did not know much about cells, but he was very practical​—so he compared them with something he did know about—​wagon wheels. Since even the simplest cell would have to be able to reproduce itself in order to be of use, it would have to be fantastically more complicated than a wheel. Cutting square holes in a wooden hub and making spokes to fit firmly and true seemed so simple​—before he began. But what a problem he had to make each spoke true and tight in its socket. In spite of all the figuring out and care in cutting the wood, he had quite a pile of scrap spokes before he managed to make just one wheel. Relying on chance alone would be like throwing some wood and a chisel into a cement mixer. How long would it take before getting just one spoke? Chance could produce only junk. Relying on chance for everything is no way to run a business, whether making wheels or cells. Just by relaxing his thoughtful control over one stage of his wheel manufacture he was in trouble; he had learned that lesson the hard way. Surely it must be more true when it comes to making cells and even whole bodies. ‘Why!’ he thought, ‘is that not what happens when a person has cancer? Maybe just one cell runs amok and begins to reproduce cells outside the previously thought-out pattern and clutters up the body with its junk and at the same time starves the healthy cells of their nutriment. The game of chance could be a source of death​—but never of life!’ Whenever Kham tried to argue against his friend’s theory he was met with the reply that each step would take millions of years, this expression being used as if it had some magic property in itself. Kham was rather amused as he walked back to his home and recalled the efforts of his friend to help him to visualize what a million really meant. He succeeded all right, but not in the way he intended. What Kham visualized was, not the appearance of useful cells after millions of years, but faulty lizards’ legs​—mountain-high. And so the more he thought about it, the more he felt convinced that there must be a Creator. A MYSTERIOUS QUESTION RAISED But the parting shot from his friend worried him. “If everything has to be figured out ahead of time​—where did your Creator come from?” Now, Kham was a very honest man, not just in money matters, but in thoughts and beliefs. He did not want to deceive either himself or others. Getting at the truth of a matter was more important to him than winning an argument. So, to satisfy himself he wanted an answer to that question. There must be a Creator, but how did he come about? He would not let go of the subject until he got a satisfying answer to it. Maybe Oi would have some answer to this. Returning home a little earlier than usual, and still having this troublesome matter at the back of his mind, he lingered in his garden. This time he had a specific purpose. He wanted to view it to appreciate the workmanship, as he had done with his father’s products. How amazed he was! Why had he not seen it before? He was aware that he had developed an eye for good craftsmanship for things made of wood and metal. He was quite proud of it, too; it had been the means of first drawing him to his father. Now he felt the urge to give his analytical attention to things in nature, to widen out his appreciation for things not man-made. Sitting on a log, Kham just gazed around. Whether he focused on the tree-covered hills not too far from the back of his workshop or on the many varieties of flowers his wife had planted​—everything was so pleasing, soothing and satisfying, so different from the man-made lean-to shacks surrounded with the litter of discarded plastic bags, bottles, and other debris, which he had just passed by on his way through a nearby slum area. ‘Yes,’ he thought, ‘the Creator has not been a maker of slum property.’ Kham knew enough about people to realize how slums came about. Basically slums were due to lack of facilities and abilities, to tiredness and laziness, and to indifference to the giving of pleasure, to the doing of things with a minimum of thought and care. But obviously, the Creator of the things he now viewed did not have any of such weaknesses. The great depth and vast scope of wisdom and understanding revealed in all the things that moved, that had life, began to fill Kham with wonder. How completely different they all were from the things made by man, things like wheels he could hope to copy! They were within his scope. That was mainly why he had been interested in them. He recalled how he had once torn apart one of his father’s old wheels, to see how he could make one. Seeing a bee emerge from a flower nearby made him realize how futile it would be to tear either of them apart in order to reproduce them. Idly gazing at the bee in action, he began to see it in a new light. It was a honey factory, so efficient, yet clean and beautiful. ‘Why,’ he thought, ‘couldn’t the sugar factories be like that?’ He remembered reading how they were polluting the rivers and the atmosphere. And they were far from beautiful. As a craftsman he knew it took extra effort to make something both efficient and beautiful. The Creator must have cared a lot for man to surround him with such delicious honey produced by such an attractive factory. Kham now began thinking of the Creator as being a benevolent person, rather than just an unfeeling computer. Seeing the passive flower and the very active bee, he began to think of the wide range of ability shown in creation. That bee even had some ability to think in some way in order to do its job. He then noticed a field lizard perched rigidly on the top of a fence post nearby, staring intently into the distance. He watched it patiently. Suddenly it went into action and shot down the post and headed for its dinner it had spotted in the distance. Yes, the field lizard too must do some thinking of a kind and maybe more than the bee. His mind then began to work on the different abilities to think. It was obviously not the same in all levels of life, but each seemed to have what it needed. Obviously man had the highest, but even man could not understand some things. He also had his limitations. So what? Could he not accept his limitations and use what he had? ‘Ah!’ he thought, ‘doesn’t that bear on my problem “where did God come from?”’ Why, he did not even know who God was! Was he an intermediate creator or was he the very original Creator or first Father? Possibly man’s brain was not made to reason it out on his own; or maybe Kham just did not have enough facts to go on. But did he need to understand how God came to be? Why, Kham had never been able to get the facts about his own father until he found those letters! Could it be then that man needed letters from his Creator in order really to understand him? Nature, his creation, bears evidence of his existence, but nature does not tell what God’s thoughts and future purposes are. Men cannot read the thoughts of other men whom they can see, so how could they read the thoughts of God whom they cannot see? Yes, man needs letters from God really to get to know him. Kham’s interest in the letters from God that Oi spoke about began to grow yet more. Accepting our limitations and studying those letters would seem to be the keys to real progress in getting knowledge and benefits from Him. For instance, Kham did not know why a chisel was so much harder than wood; but by taking good care of the chisel and using it according to instructions, he was able to make wheels. Making chisels was not his business; nor was making gods. Or to take another example: Does a person insist on knowing every detail about his employer’s background before working for him for a livelihood? In reality it was sheer presumptuousness to insist on knowing how God came to be before listening to him in order to get a better life. Then Kham recalled that his friend did not insist on knowing where the ‘elements in chaos’ came from before he put faith in his theory of mindless evolution by chance. Kham knew people generally attributed all things not made or done by man to “nature.” He had, too. He pondered over the difference: “Nature,” “Creator,” “God.” With “nature” all benefits come free, without even any obligation to feel thankful. However, using the word “Creator” called for a feeling of gratitude, even though not expressed. To Kham the word “God” implied actual expressions of that gratitude and also submission to Him because of His position. Was that reasonable? He wondered. Kham was his own boss and liked it, but he was still under authority. He could not cut down trees for his wagons without a permit. He, and all the people in his district, even though they talked so much about being a free people, were under the authority of the governor and his assistants. He felt that such was necessary to maintain order and was not a burden if the governor was a good man. So Kham felt he had no moral right to refuse submission to “God” if He was in fact the Creator of man. Then, he began to feel somewhat guilty as far as gratitude was concerned, for he had taken the beauty of all the things around him for granted. In fact he had never even expressed any thanks to his wife, who had taken the trouble to plant and care for the flowers in front of him. Just then his thoughts were interrupted, or momentarily paralyzed, by a deafening chop-chop sound as a military helicopter passed very low overhead doing routine surveillance of the guerrillas operating in the nearby hills. His eyes and head followed it, indeed they seemed to be forced to do so by the very intensity of the noise, until it passed behind the shelter of some tall trees. Being mechanically minded he would normally have been interested in it as a machine. But now he was intensely irritated at the noisy intrusion. ‘Why,’ he thought, ‘do they have to be so noisy; and just as I was drinking in the peace and beauty of this garden? Couldn’t they be made to run quieter?’ Then as if by magic he got his answer​—a quiet but resounding ‘yes!’ Right before his very nose was a miniature working model of a most beautiful helicopter; close as it was, he could not even hear it. There it was​—a dragonfly. Watching its maneuvers as it darted hither and thither in search of insects, he realized that it was superior in every way. Man might not be able to make a quieter helicopter, but he felt sure the Creator could. He realized something else, too, that he had never been aware of before: the need to tune out the raucous blare of propaganda concerning man’s accomplishments and tune in to the quieter but all-pervading evidence of his Creator’s more wonderful works. As Kham got up and headed for the house, he resolved to spend more time looking at his garden​—“God’s go-cart,” and devote less time to reading man-glorifying propaganda in the newspapers. As he entered the house his wife called out: “I saw you sitting there in the garden. What were you doing all that time?” After pausing a moment he replied: “Looking at the ‘go-cart.’” She looked puzzled. Then looking up, she said: “You mean​—‘God’s go-cart’?” “Why, don’t I have a smart wife?” he said with a smile. “And later I am going to ask you some more about those letters and a problem that has been bothering me.” That evening, after they had eaten and settled down, Kham turned to his wife and asked, “Oi, what would you say if someone asked you, ‘How did God come to be?’” “He didn’t,” she replied, “he always was. The Bible speaks of him as being ‘from everlasting to everlasting.’ He was the great supreme cause.” “Hum, let me think about that,” muttered Kham, thinking aloud, “‘an always-existing first cause.’ That seems hard to comprehend.” “But what is the alternative?” she countered. “That’s a good question, Oi. The answer would have to be, nothing, absolutely nothing. If that were so, where would the first thing to exist come from? It just couldn’t exist because there was nothing, not even a cause, to bring it about. So there must have always been a causing power in existence​—and there would have to be a thinking power, a person, to bring about all those things in nature.” “Then the answer to my question ‘How did God come to be?’ would be like you just said: ‘He always was.’ But,” turning to Oi, Kham asked, “does it bother you not to understand how?” “Why should it? There are lots of things I don’t understand. What is electricity? I don’t know, but if I press this foot switch here it drives my sewing machine. You don’t have to understand everything to get its benefits. That would be presumptuous, especially in connection with man’s Creator,” she added, giving Kham a meaningful look. “I agree with you, Oi. But it took me a lot longer to arrive at the same conclusion.” “Well, of course,” she replied teasingly, “you just said what a ‘smart wife’ you had.” Then, more seriously, she added: “Don’t forget, Kham, I have been getting some help from the Bible.” “All right, ‘smart wife,’” he laughed, “how would you answer this one? The other day you said the Bible was like a collection of letters from the Creator to mankind.” “Yes, I remember.” “Well, how could I know that they were really from God?” Oi paused before answering: “I suppose really it would be by the things written in them.” “That does not sound too convincing,” he objected. “Well, how else could we know? How did you know for sure that those letters you read were really from your father?” As he thought about it, he had no real proof. He had not seen his father write them. He did not even receive them directly from his father. They did not even contain a signature of the father. Even if they had, he had no means of verifying that signature. In spite of that he had no doubt they were from his father. They were all in the same handwriting. They all indicated by their outputs that they were from him. They all revealed intimate knowledge of and consideration for the family, and they all indicated at the conclusion that they were from “your loving father.” Who else would be motivated and able to write such wonderful letters? So he was satisfied that he had plenty of evidence to support his belief. Why, even the way they were found supported that belief! Turning to Oi he said: “I have a question, but think carefully before you answer it. Do you have absolute proof that the Bible consists of letters from God? Or do you just have convincing evidence?” Oi paused a long time. She couldn’t figure out what Kham was leading up to. Finally she answered: “I don’t know about absolute proof . . . but I am convinced.” Now it was Kham’s turn to ponder. Could there be any benefit in having it that way​—evidence instead of absolute proof? Again turning to Oi he asked her: “For whom was the Bible written and for what purpose?” Again she pondered for quite a while before answering: “I would say: For those seeking God, so that reading it, they could be drawn to him. I remember the girls’ showing me where Jesus said he spoke only in illustrations so that those who opposed him would not understand, but the sincere ones would ask for more understanding and get it. And that has been my experience with the Bible. Many parts are very hard to understand, but when I ask I usually get satisfaction.” “You know, Oi, this raises an interesting question. The Creator of man and the earth could easily have had his message thundered from the heavens or blazoned in the skies in such clear and simple language that every man could understand; and yet you say he uses the Bible, which is hard to understand and takes some searching for understanding. Why? Any ideas?” “Well, I understand that the Bible was written to reach people’s hearts. In fact, I remember reading once how it was compared to a sharp sword that could reach in and discern the intents of the heart.” “So,” interrupted Kham, “convincing evidence would be more effective than incontrovertible proof. The Bible therefore would be like a magnet, which would draw only the sincere ones; but others could wriggle out if they wanted to and thus reveal their heart.” Oi laughed: “I agree with you, Kham, but what amazes me is why you are figuring all this out now in advance when you have not even seen a Bible.” “Well, Oi, I have learned that the more you think ahead, the better the results. Don’t forget, that is how I learned how to make wagons. In any case I don’t have a Bible yet. And I certainly know better now what to expect of the Bible when I do get one. “All of this raises the question as to why it has taken so long for the Bible to be made available to people.” “Well, first of all,” she explained, “the ones who originally had custody of it turned bad in the course of time, stopped circulating it and even persecuted those who tried to circulate it.” “Why would they want to do that?” he asked. “Well,” she retorted, “why did your brother Tuen stuff those letters from your father into a drawer instead of letting the whole family read them?” “I see your point. He had something to hide, and those letters would have exposed him. He had been stealing the good name from his father and building one for himself.” “Exactly, and that is just what the so-called Christians have been doing with God’s name Jehovah. The letters from God expose both the false teachings about him and the wrong behavior of those who claim to be Christian but still fight and kill one another.” “Yes,” said Kham, “and I can see I must get to read those letters.” A DISCOVERY Then a thought struck Kham. He got up and went over to his desk and started rummaging among the papers in the drawers. Finally he found what he had been looking for: a small booklet eninputd “Genesis.” Waving it in front of Oi, he asked: “Has that anything to do with the Bible?” “Why, yes it has!” she burst out. “Where did you get it? Actually it’s the first letter.” “It’s been in my desk for a long time. I don’t remember where I got it,” he replied as he sat down and began to read. After a long silence his wife was startled by a cry from Kham: “Say, Oi, this is wonderful! It’s just what I wanted. It tells about creation.” Oi said nothing. She was eager to tell him all she knew so as to stir him up to study the Bible along with her; but she knew he would want to come to his own decision. She also found it tantalizing because she was bursting to read that letter too. She herself had only read some verses from the Bible the girls had brought to her. However she carried on with her sewing, knowing Kham would talk when he was ready. He did. “Oi, are you ready to answer some questions?” “OK, go ahead, but remember I myself am just learning.” “Well, I am just reading about the first man and woman on earth. They were told they could eat fruit from any tree in that garden in Eden​—except one. If they did, they would die. Why was that? Was it poisonous?” Oi came over so she could get a peek at what he was reading. “No,” she answered, “God was using that tree as a symbol of something. You notice it was called the ‘tree of the knowledge of good and bad.’ It represented a moral issue, that is, Was that man prepared to accept God’s authority and right as Creator and Owner either to give or to withhold​—or was he determined to do and take what he wanted? The whole universe was a place of order under God’s direction. Man was to be given power over the things on the earth so that the whole earth could become an orderly place, too, under God’s overall direction​—the same as that garden already was. A great responsibility rested on that first man and woman. What they did and taught would be passed on to their children and hence to all mankind. So that first pair were being tested as to their moral fitness for the job, their loyalty to their owner and supreme ruler.” After a long pause, Kham said: “I agree that you can’t build a good house on a poor foundation, and God was building more than a house​—he was building a world of billions of people, and loyalty to the owner would be vital. Why, that’s what is wrong with this world! There is no common loyalty to someone who has a right to it. Why, even I can see that, and I am just beginning to believe in a God!” “But look here, Kham,” interrupted Oi. “Did you notice what it says here? The serpent​—that’s the Devil, by the way—​said to the woman: ‘You will not die because God knows that on eating from the tree your eyes will be opened and you will be like God, knowing good and bad.’” Kham looked puzzled. “I don’t quite see the point here.” “Well,” said Oi, “wasn’t the Devil in effect saying to that woman that God was lying to her in order to keep her in subjection and that she could be independent of God and make her own rules?” “Just a minute, Oi. You keep mentioning the Devil so glibly​—but who is he?” “Oh, sorry,” she said, “I should explain. Before creating material things, God created spirit creatures, called angels, higher in intellect and power than man. Like man they had free will. Like man they had power to imagine. One of these let his imagination rove beyond the limits set by loyalty to God. He thought how nice it would be to have a lot of men under his power and influence. So he tempted the first woman to follow his guidance by offering to liberate her from God.” “Oh, I see now. And look what it says next: ‘The woman saw that the tree was good for food . . . yes, the tree was desirable to look upon. So she began taking of its fruit and eating it.’ That’s interesting​—she put her own ideas above what God had said. She thought she had become her own enlightener, whereas in fact she was coming under Satan’s false enlightenment. Then, you see what happened: ‘The man also ate and they were cast out of the garden so they could not get to the tree of life and get everlasting life.’ To me that means something. It’s a warning against self-enlightenment, against philosophizing in a direction contrary to God. Or perhaps I should put it another way​—building a religion on just what man thinks, on philosophy, will not lead to everlasting life.” Kham went silent for a long time, but he was thinking about what he had read. It gave him a new slant on the cause of misery and suffering, and more important, a way out. His mind went back to the time he had read those letters from his father. At first he had been exhilarated, but afterward he felt a bigger void than ever before. He felt he had just had a glimpse or a taste of something that had whetted his appetite and no more; leaving him with a yearning for something he could not define, for answers to questions he could not formulate. He still remembered the time before he was married, when he had been very unhappy. He had never contemplated suicide, as many did, but he had felt that life was really miserable, with no way out. He had read, or been told​—he could not remember which—​that this life with its miseries was repayment for individual sins committed in a previous life. But he wondered about that. It seemed contrary to justice. Why, he could not even remember what he had done wrong in his own previous life​—and yet he was now being punished for it! It was like being sent to jail and yet not being told what law he had broken. How could justice enforce punishment if the punishment in itself was not just? How could he avoid repeating those sins if he did not even know what they were? It had all seemed to leave him with a sense of futility and hopelessness, with no one to call on for help. Now he realized what the yearning was. It was for a source of help and enlightenment. Reading those generous and stimulating letters from his father had sharpened his awareness of the need of help from outside. That letter from God that he had just been reading had begun to satisfy that yearning. He sensed a degree of happiness that he had never had before. It could become a permanent feature of life, never to be marred by sickness or death​—if only those letters were actually from the Creator. “I was just pondering,” said Kham after a long period of silence, “over what you mentioned earlier that those girls had told you: that man was made to live on the earth. Well, what we have just been reading bears that out. As the human family grew, that original garden would have been enlarged gradually until the whole earth would have become a garden. The fact that the first man and woman were cast out of the gardenized portion seems to show that they had lost the privilege of even temporarily staying in that perfected, or should we say tamed, portion of the earth, but were permitted to live for a while in the untamed part.” “True,” replied Oi, “they were cast out of God’s family and lived on the earth like squatters. But you see what it says next, that ‘they had children.’ What would their standing be in God’s sight?” “I suppose they would just be squatters like Adam and Eve,” said Kham, “and would be tainted with the rebellious attitude of their parents, although they hadn’t each personally rejected God.” “That’s true,” agreed Oi, “and Jehovah, who is such a merciful God, has promised to provide a way for these squatter children to have their taint covered over and to be brought back into his family so that he becomes their Father.” “So that’s what you meant by finding a Father, Oi. Mankind would cease to be squatters and join God’s family. “Does it say anything about that in this letter here?” “Well, yes, but only briefly. You would have to read all the letters to understand the whole arrangement. Look, Kham, see what it says here: ‘By means of your seed all nations of the earth will bless themselves, because you have listened to my voice.’” “‘Your seed’​—what is that?” he asked. “That was spoken to Abraham, who lived about 4,000 years ago, and who is the ancestor of both the Arabs and the Jews. He was a man famous for his faith and obedience to Jehovah. It would take too long to explain even what I know about the ‘seed,’ but as far as I understand, it is the means to lift the taint from Adam’s offspring and prepare them to become Jehovah’s children.” “In that case they would be brought out of the untamed jungle of this world into God’s garden,” said Kham. “Yes, that is it,” confirmed Oi. “Hum,” muttered Kham, “mankind is living in what amounts to a social jungle​—every man for himself. True, there may be some who are really trying to do good, but their efforts are largely swamped by the general jungle-like environment. There is no one equivalent to a head gardener to direct the doers of good into an overall pattern. You know, Oi, it seems more and more evident that what mankind needs is a supreme, universally accepted, all-seeing head, who would act like a father. He alone would be able to reward the doers of good. As for the doers of bad, a fatherlike power to restrain them seems even more necessary to prevent them from dominating or even crushing the doers of good, the way it has happened in some countries under wicked dictatorships. What about the incorrigible doers of bad, Oi? What is to become of them?” “Well, wouldn’t they have to be removed?” replied Oi. “It’s true,” continued Kham, “in the world today men are killing one another, either on an individual or a national scale. I think that is all wrong. But surely the Creator of life could rightfully destroy those who refuse to do what is right. What father would allow a rabid dog to roam around in his compound to bite his children? Surely, the function of a father is not just to give life to his children but to care for them and protect them from their enemies.” Oi then burst in: “Kham, as far as I understand it, all that you have been saying is just what the Bible teaches. When Jehovah gathers his family together into his compound, which would be the whole earth, he would then continue to care for them. In fact, the main theme of the Bible is God’s Kingdom, which is his means of doing just this.” Kham paused for quite a while. Then, looking across at Oi, he said, as if measuring his words: “IF WHAT YOU SAY . . . PROVES TO BE TRUE . . . IT IS . . . THE MOST WONDERFUL GOOD NEWS . . . THAT MAN HAS EVER RECEIVED. Do you agree, Oi?” “You know I do, Kham. You’ve seen it. That is why you asked me the other day what was the cause of the better atmosphere in the home. It was because of me. I admit it; I have changed. Yes, ever since I first began to learn of this good news I began to get a real hope for a bright future and a new attitude toward life now.” Kham jumped up and moved over to Oi, facing her squarely. Holding her by the shoulders, he urged: “Oi, how about us, the two of us, going in search of the Father, together​—do you agree?” Her smile gave the answer. DEAR READER: Very likely you will now be wondering how the search for the Father by Kham and Oi turned out. But please remember that they are not real persons; however the Father, the Creator, is real and so are the issues involved. Therefore we encourage you personally to search for Him. Doing so will bring you much happiness because you will understand the most important questions about life and because your life will become truly purposeful. But how can you pursue this search for the Father? Jehovah’s Witnesses are willing to help you in this by studying the Bible with you free of charge. Please contact those who may have brought you this booklet or write directly to the publishers. [Picture on page 12] One father’s gift to a son [Picture on page 13] Another Father’s gift to his children [Picture on page 18] Why couldn’t sugar factories be like this honey factory​—efficient, clean and beautiful? [Picture on page 21] Superior to a helicopter

Examining the Scriptures—2024 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/library/r1/lp-e/all-publications/brochures-and-booklets/examining-the-scriptures/examining-the-scriptures-2024

August Thursday, August 1 A book of remembrance was written before him for those fearing Jehovah and for those meditating on his name.​—Mal. 3:16. Can you think of a reason why Jehovah would record in his “book of remembrance” the names of those whose speech shows that they fear him and meditate on his name? Our speech reveals what is in our heart. Jesus said: “Out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks.” (Matt. 12:34) Jehovah wants those who love him to enjoy life forever in the new world. The way we speak can determine whether Jehovah will accept our worship. (Jas. 1:26) Some of those who do not love God speak in an aggressive, harsh, and proud way. (2 Tim. 3:1-5) We do not want to be like them. We are eager to please Jehovah with our speech. But could Jehovah be pleased with us if we used gracious and kind speech at our Christian meetings or in the ministry but spoke in a harsh and unloving way to family members behind closed doors?​—1 Pet. 3:7. w22.04 5 ¶4-5 Friday, August 2 These will hate the prostitute and will make her devastated and naked, and they will eat up her flesh and completely burn her with fire.​—Rev. 17:16. God puts the thought into the hearts of the ten horns and the wild beast to carry out the destruction of Babylon the Great. Yes, Jehovah will motivate the nations to use the scarlet-colored wild beast, that is, the United Nations, to turn on the world empire of false religion and completely destroy it. (Rev. 18:21-24) What does this mean for us? We need to maintain “the form of worship that is clean and undefiled from the standpoint of our God.” (Jas. 1:27) Never would we want to allow ourselves to be influenced by the false teachings, the pagan celebrations, the lax moral standards, and the spiritistic practices of Babylon the Great! And we would continually call out to people to “get out of her,” so that they can avoid sharing in her guilt before God.​—Rev. 18:4. w22.05 11 ¶17; 14 ¶18 Saturday, August 3 I will mention Jehovah’s acts of loyal love.​—Isa. 63:7. Parents, create opportunities to teach your children about Jehovah and the many good things he has done for you. (Deut. 6:6, 7) This is especially important if due to a religiously divided household, you cannot study regularly with your children at home. A sister named Christine says: “Opportunities to discuss spiritual things were so few that I took advantage of any moment we had.” In addition, speak positively about Jehovah’s organization and about your brothers and sisters. Do not criticize the elders. What you say about them can determine whether your children will turn to them in times of need. Promote peace at home. Regularly express your love for your husband and your children. Speak about your husband in a kind and respectful way, and train your children to do the same. Thus, you create a peaceful atmosphere that is conducive to learning about Jehovah.​—Jas. 3:18. w22.04 18 ¶10-11 Sunday, August 4 I know your deeds.​—Rev. 3:1. Jesus’ message to those in the congregation in Ephesus indicated that they had shown endurance and that they had continued without letup to serve Jehovah in spite of various challenges. Even so, they had lost the love they had at first. They needed to rekindle that love​—otherwise, their worship would not be acceptable. Likewise today, we need to do more than endure. We need to endure for the right reasons. Our God is interested in not only what we do but also why we do it. Our motives are important to him because he expects our worship to be based on our deep love and appreciation for him. (Prov. 16:2; Mark 12:29, 30) We must continue to remain awake and alert. The members of the congregation in Sardis had a different problem. Even though they had been spiritually active in the past, they were becoming lax in their service to God. Jesus told them to “wake up.” (Rev. 3:1-3) Of course, Jehovah will not forget our work.​—Heb. 6:10. w22.05 3 ¶6-7 Monday, August 5 There is benefit in every kind of hard work.​—Prov. 14:23. Solomon called the enjoyment that we can derive from our hard work “the gift of God.” (Eccl. 5:18, 19) Solomon knew what he was talking about. He was a worker! He built houses, planted vineyards, and made gardens and pools. He also built cities. (1 Ki. 9:19; Eccl. 2:4-6) That was hard work, and no doubt it gave him a measure of satisfaction. But Solomon did not rely on those activities alone to bring him happiness. He also engaged in spiritual pursuits. For example, he supervised the construction of a glorious temple for Jehovah’s worship​—a seven-year building project! (1 Ki. 6:38; 9:1) After sharing in all sorts of activities, both secular and spiritual, Solomon realized that spiritual activities are far more important than secular pursuits. He wrote: “The conclusion of the matter, everything having been heard, is: Fear the true God and keep his commandments.”​—Eccl. 12:13. w22.05 22 ¶8 Tuesday, August 6 God . . . by Christ freely forgave you.​—Eph. 4:32. The Bible is filled with examples of individuals whom Jehovah freely forgave. Who comes to your mind? Perhaps you think of King Manasseh. That wicked man sinned against Jehovah in terrible ways. He took the lead in false worship. He killed his own children, offering them as sacrifices to pagan gods. He even went so far as to place a carved image of a false god in Jehovah’s sacred temple. Of him, the Bible says: “He did on a grand scale what was bad in Jehovah’s eyes, to offend him.” (2 Chron. 33:2-7) Yet, when Manasseh showed heartfelt repentance, Jehovah freely forgave him. (2 Chron. 33:12, 13) Perhaps you also think of King David, who committed serious sins against Jehovah, including adultery and murder. Yet, when David sincerely repented and acknowledged his error, Jehovah forgave him as well. (2 Sam. 12:9, 10, 13, 14) Yes, we can be certain that Jehovah is eager to forgive. w22.06 3 ¶7 Wednesday, August 7 Exercise patience; make your hearts firm.​—Jas. 5:8. It is not always easy to keep our hope strong. We might become impatient while we wait on God. However, Jehovah is eternal, and his view of time is different from ours. (2 Pet. 3:8, 9) He will work out his purpose in the best way possible, but he may not act when we expect him to. What can help us to keep our hope strong as we wait patiently for God to fulfill his promises? (Jas. 5:7) Remain close to Jehovah, the one who guarantees our hope. In fact, the Bible closely instructions hope to faith that Jehovah exists and that he is “the rewarder of those earnestly seeking him.” (Heb. 11:1, 6) The more real Jehovah is to us, the greater our confidence will be that he will do all that he has promised. To keep our hope strong, we must pray to Jehovah and read his Word. Though we cannot see Jehovah, we can draw close to him. We can speak to him in prayer, confident that he will listen to us.​—Jer. 29:11, 12. w22.10 26-27 ¶11-13 Thursday, August 8 Job began to speak and to curse the day of his birth.​—Job 3:1. Imagine the scene. Sitting among the ashes, Job is in constant pain. (Job 2:8) His companions relentlessly attack his character and attempt to destroy his reputation. His trials weigh on him like heavy stones, while his grief over the loss of his children claws at his heart. At first, Job is silent. (Job 2:13) If Job’s companions interpret his silence as a sign that Job is going to turn his back on his Creator, they are sorely mistaken. At one point, Job​—possibly raising his head and looking directly at his false friends—​says: “Until I die, I will not renounce my integrity!” (Job 27:5) What helped Job to be so courageous and strong despite all his suffering? Even when he was at his lowest point, he never lost hope that his loving God would eventually bring him relief. He knew that even if he died, Jehovah would resurrect him.​—Job 14:13-15. w22.06 22 ¶9 Friday, August 9 You must pray, then, this way: “Our Father in the heavens, let your name be sanctified. Let your Kingdom come. Let your will take place.”​—Matt. 6:9, 10. We have been granted a marvelous privilege​—that of approaching the Maker of heaven and earth in prayer. Just think: We can pour out our hearts to Jehovah at any time and in any language. We can pray to him from a hospital bed or from a prison cell, confident that our loving Father will listen to us. We do not take this privilege for granted. King David treasured the privilege of prayer. He sang to Jehovah: “May my prayer be as incense prepared before you.” (Ps. 141:1, 2) In David’s time, the sacred incense used in true worship by the priests was prepared with great care. (Ex. 30:34, 35) David’s reference to incense suggests that he wanted to give careful thought to what he was going to say to his heavenly Father. That is our earnest desire too. We want our prayers to please Jehovah. w22.07 20 ¶1-2; 21 ¶4 Saturday, August 10 “Vengeance is mine; I will repay,” says Jehovah.​—Rom. 12:19. Vengeance belongs to Jehovah. Jehovah has not authorized us to seek revenge when someone sins against us. (Rom. 12:20, 21) With our limited and imperfect viewpoint, we are simply not in a position to judge matters correctly, as God can. (Heb. 4:13) And, at times, we allow our emotions to interfere with our good judgment. Jehovah inspired James to write: “Man’s anger does not bring about God’s righteousness.” (Jas. 1:20) We can be certain that Jehovah will do the right thing and make sure that perfect justice will be carried out. Forgiveness shows our confidence in Jehovah’s justice. By leaving matters in Jehovah’s hands, we show that we are confident that Jehovah will undo all the harm that has been caused by sin. In his promised new world, painful emotional wounds “will not be called to mind, nor will they come up into the heart” ever again.​—Isa. 65:17. w22.06 10-11 ¶11-12 Sunday, August 11 You will be hated by all the nations on account of my name.​—Matt. 24:9. The very fact that we are experiencing such hatred is proof that we have Jehovah’s approval. (Matt. 5:11, 12) The Devil is behind this opposition. But he is no match for Jesus! With Jesus’ support, the good news is reaching people of all nations. Consider the evidence. As Kingdom preachers, we also face the challenge of overcoming a language barrier. In the revelation that he gave to the apostle John, Jesus disclosed that in our day the good news would overcome that obstacle. (Rev. 14:6, 7) How so? We are giving as many people as possible a chance to respond to the Kingdom message. Today, people around the world can read Bible-based material on our jw.org website because it contains information in over 1,000 languages! Approval was given to translate the Enjoy Life Forever! book​—our main study tool for making disciples—​into more than 700 languages! w22.07 9 ¶6-7 Monday, August 12 There is success through many advisers.​—Prov. 11:14. Jesus felt compassion for people. The apostle Matthew reports: “On seeing the crowds, he felt pity for them, because they were skinned and thrown about like sheep without a shepherd.” (Matt. 9:36) And how does Jehovah feel? Jesus said: “It is not a desirable thing to my Father who is in heaven for even one of these little ones to perish.” (Matt. 18:14) How heartwarming that is! As we get to know Jesus better, our love for Jehovah grows. You can also learn to be more loving and make progress as a Christian by getting acquainted with mature brothers and sisters in your congregation. Notice how joyful they are. They have no regrets about their decision to serve Jehovah. Ask them to tell you about some of the experiences they have had in Jehovah’s service. When you have an important decision to make, ask them for advice. After all, “there is success through many advisers.” w22.08 3 ¶6-7 Tuesday, August 13 The eyes of Jehovah are on the righteous.​—1 Pet. 3:12. All of us will face some kind of trial. However, we will never have to face a trial on our own. Like a loving father, Jehovah is always watching over us. He is by our side, ready to hear our pleas for help and eager to support us. (Isa. 43:2) We are convinced that we can cope with adversity because he has generously provided us with everything we need to endure. He has given us the gift of prayer, the Bible, an abundance of spiritual food, and a loving brotherhood to help us in times of need. How grateful we are to have a heavenly Father who watches over us! “Our hearts rejoice in him.” (Ps. 33:21) We can show Jehovah that we appreciate his loving care by taking advantage of all his provisions to help us. We also need to do our part to remain under God’s care. In other words, if we continue to do our best to obey Jehovah and do what is right in his eyes, he will watch over us forever! w22.08 13 ¶15-16 Wednesday, August 14 The very essence of your word is truth.​—Ps. 119:160. Many today are suffering from a lack of confidence. They do not know whom they can trust. They wonder whether people they look up to​—politicians, scientists and businessmen—​really have their best interests at heart. In addition, they do not have high regard for Christendom’s clergy. So it is not surprising that they view with skepticism the book those religious leaders claim to represent​—the Bible. As servants of Jehovah, we are convinced that he is “the God of truth” and that he always wants what is best for us. (Ps. 31:5; Isa. 48:17) We know that we can trust what we read in the Bible. We agree with what one Bible scholar wrote: “There is no hint of falseness or chance of failure in anything God has said. God’s people can trust what he says because they trust the God who has said it.” w23.01 2 ¶1-2 Thursday, August 15 Let us consider one another.​—Heb. 10:24. We build up our brothers and sisters when we strengthen their faith in Jehovah. Some are ridiculed by unbelievers. Others are dealing with serious health problems or are struggling to overcome hurt feelings. Still others have been waiting a long time for this system of things to end. These situations can be a test of faith for Christians today. Members of the first-century congregation faced similar challenges. The apostle Paul used the Scriptures to build up the faith of his brothers and sisters. For example, Jewish Christians may have felt at a loss to answer the criticisms of unbelieving family members who claimed that Judaism was superior to Christianity. No doubt Paul’s letter to the Hebrews greatly strengthened those Christians. (Heb. 1:5, 6; 2:2, 3; 9:24, 25) They could use his powerful reasonings to silence their accusers. w22.08 23-24 ¶12-14 Friday, August 16 Blessed is the man who puts his trust in Jehovah.​—Jer. 17:7. People in Satan’s world do not know whom they can trust. They are constantly disappointed by the conduct of commercial, political, and religious leaders. That feeling extends to friends, neighbors, and even family members. This should not surprise us. The Bible foretold: “In the last days . . . , men will be . . . disloyal, . . . slanderers, . . . betrayers.” In other words, people would reflect the personality of the god of this system of things, who is far from trustworthy. (2 Tim. 3:1-4; 2 Cor. 4:4) As Christians, however, we know that we can put our full trust in Jehovah. We are convinced that he loves us and that he “will never abandon” his friends. (Ps. 9:10) We can also trust in Christ Jesus because he gave his life for us. (1 Pet. 3:18) And we have learned from personal experience that the Bible provides reliable guidance.​—2 Tim. 3:16, 17. w22.09 2 ¶1-2 Saturday, August 17 Happy is everyone who fears Jehovah, who walks in His ways.​—Ps. 128:1. True happiness is not simply a lighthearted feeling that comes and goes. It can last throughout a person’s life. How so? Jesus explained in his Sermon on the Mount: “Happy are those conscious of their spiritual need.” (Matt. 5:3) Jesus knew that humans are made with an intense desire to know and worship their Creator, Jehovah God. That is our “spiritual need.” And since Jehovah is “the happy God,” those who worship him can also be happy. (1 Tim. 1:11) Do we need ideal circumstances in our life to be happy? No. In his sermon, Jesus said that even “those who mourn” can be happy. Jesus said the same about “those who have been persecuted for righteousness’ sake.” (Matt. 5:4, 10, 11) Jesus was teaching us that happiness results, not from having ideal circumstances in our life, but from satisfying our spiritual need and drawing close to God.​—Jas. 4:8. w22.10 6 ¶1-3 Sunday, August 18 The man of true discernment remains silent.​—Prov. 11:12. Discernment will help a Christian to distinguish between “a time to be silent and a time to speak.” (Eccl. 3:7) “Speech is silver, but silence is golden” is a common expression in some cultures. In other words, there are times when it is better to keep quiet than to speak. Consider an example. One experienced elder is often asked to help other congregations with their challenging problems. Commenting on this, a fellow elder said, “He is always careful never to share sensitive information about other congregations.” The elder’s discernment has earned him the respect of the brothers with whom he serves on the body of elders. They are certain that he will not reveal their confidential matters to others. Honesty is another element of trust. We trust an honest person because we know that he will always speak the truth.​—Eph. 4:25; Heb. 13:18. w22.09 12 ¶14-15 Monday, August 19 There is no wisdom, nor discernment, nor counsel in opposition to Jehovah.​—Prov. 21:30. Many turn a deaf ear when true wisdom “cries aloud in the street.” (Prov. 1:20) According to the Bible, there are three groups of people who reject wisdom: “inexperienced ones,” “ridiculers,” and “foolish ones.” (Prov. 1:22-25) The “inexperienced ones” are those who are naive, easily persuaded, or deceived. (Prov. 14:15, ftn.) Think, for example, of the millions who are being misled by religious or political leaders. Some are horrified when they learn that they have been fooled by such leaders. But those mentioned at Proverbs 1:22 choose to remain inexperienced because they like it that way. (Jer. 5:31) They do not want to learn what the Bible says or to be held accountable to its standards. We certainly do not want to imitate those who are willfully ignorant!​—Prov. 1:32; 27:12. w22.10 19 ¶5-7 Tuesday, August 20 Subject yourselves to every human creation.​—1 Pet. 2:13. God’s organization gives us direction to keep us safe. We are regularly reminded to give the elders our current contact information so that they can reach us during an emergency. We may also receive direction about sheltering in place, evacuation, and obtaining relief supplies or about how and when to assist others. If we fail to obey, we could put in jeopardy our life and the lives of the elders who are keeping watch over us. (Heb. 13:17) Many brothers and sisters who were displaced by a disaster or civil unrest have done their best to adapt to their new situation and become involved right away in theocratic activities. Like the early Christians who were scattered by persecution, they continue “declaring the good news of the word.” (Acts 8:4) Preaching helps them to focus on the Kingdom rather than on difficult circumstances. As a result, they have maintained their joy and peace. w22.12 19 ¶12-13 Wednesday, August 21 Jehovah is on my side; I will not be afraid.​—Ps. 118:6. Jehovah values us as individuals. Before sending out his apostles to preach, Jesus helped them to overcome their fear of opposition. (Matt. 10:29-31) He did so by talking about one of the most common birds in Israel: the sparrow. Those birds had little value in Jesus’ day. But he told his disciples: “Not one of them will fall to the ground without your Father’s knowledge.” Then he added: “You are worth more than many sparrows.” Jesus thus assured his disciples that Jehovah valued them as individuals, so they had no reason to fear persecution. The disciples surely recalled Jesus’ words when they saw sparrows while preaching in towns and villages. Whenever you see a little bird, remember that Jehovah values you as an individual because you too “are worth more than many sparrows.” With his support, you can face opposition with confidence. w23.03 18 ¶12 Thursday, August 22 You have made Pharaoh and his servants despise us and you have put a sword in their hand to kill us.​—Ex. 5:21. At times, we face hardships​—such as family opposition or the loss of our job. When we endure adversity for a long time, we may feel hopeless and downhearted. Satan takes advantage of such opportunities and seeks to get us to doubt Jehovah’s love for us. The Devil wants us to question whether Jehovah or His organization is responsible for our suffering. Something similar happened to some of the Israelites in Egypt. At first they believed that Jehovah had appointed Moses and Aaron to deliver them from slavery. (Ex. 4:29-31) But later when Pharaoh made their lives harder, they blamed Moses and Aaron for their problems. (Ex. 5:19, 20) They blamed God’s loyal servants. How sad! If you have been enduring hardships for a long time, pour out your heart to Jehovah in prayer and look to him for support. w22.11 15 ¶5-6 Friday, August 23 Most truly I say to you, the hour is coming, and it is now, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who have paid attention will live.​—John 5:25. Jehovah is the Life-Giver and has the power to bring people back to life. He empowered the prophet Elijah to resurrect the son of the widow of Zarephath. (1 Ki. 17:21-23) Later, with God’s help, the prophet Elisha restored the life of the son of a Shunammite woman. (2 Ki. 4:18-20, 34-37) Those and other resurrections prove that Jehovah has the power to bring people back to life. While on earth, Jesus proved that his Father had given him that power. (John 11:23-25, 43, 44) Now Jesus is in heaven and has been given “all authority . . . in heaven and on the earth.” Thus, he is in position to fulfill the promise that “all those in the memorial tombs” will be raised to life with the prospect of remaining alive forever.​—Matt. 28:18; John 5:26-29. w22.12 5 ¶10 Saturday, August 24 The house of Israel will refuse to listen to you, for they do not want to listen to me.​—Ezek. 3:7. By rejecting Ezekiel, the people were rejecting Jehovah. The words of today’s text assured Ezekiel that the people’s rejection did not mean that he had failed as a prophet. Jehovah also assured Ezekiel that when the judgments he proclaimed came true, the people would “know that a prophet was among them.” (Ezek. 2:5; 33:33) No doubt those comforting thoughts gave Ezekiel the strength he needed to fulfill his ministry. We too derive strength from knowing that we have been sent by Jehovah. He honors us by calling us his “witnesses.” (Isa. 43:10) What a grand privilege that is! Just as Jehovah urged Ezekiel: “Do not be afraid,” Jehovah urges us: “Do not be in dread.” (Ezek. 2:6) Why is there no reason to fear our opposers? Like Ezekiel, we are sent by Jehovah and have His backing.​—Isa. 44:8. w22.11 3-4 ¶4-5 Sunday, August 25 The trustworthy person keeps a confidence.​—Prov. 11:13. Today we deeply appreciate our trustworthy elders and ministerial servants. We are well cared for by these faithful brothers, and we thank Jehovah for them! In what ways, though, can we prove ourselves to be trustworthy? We love our brothers and sisters, and we are interested in their well-being. However, we must be balanced and respect their privacy. Some in the first-century Christian congregation were “gossipers and meddlers in other people’s affairs, talking about things they should not.” (1 Tim. 5:13) We certainly do not want to be like them. But suppose someone shares with us personal information with the understanding that it is not to be repeated. For instance, a sister might tell us about a health problem she is experiencing or some other trial she is facing, asking us to keep the matter to ourselves. We should respect her wishes. w22.09 10 ¶7-8 Monday, August 26 Be transformed by making your mind over.​—Rom. 12:2. The Greek expression translated “making your mind over” can be rendered “renovation of your mind.” Therefore, we cannot simply decorate our life with a few good works. Rather, we must examine the person we are deep inside and make any needed changes so that we can bring our life as close as possible to Jehovah’s standards. We should do this, not once, but continually. When we reach perfection, we will always be able to please Jehovah in everything we do. In the meantime, we need to keep working hard toward that goal. Notice the connection Paul made between making our mind over and discerning God’s will, as recorded at Romans 12:2. Instead of passively allowing ourselves to be molded by this system of things, we must first examine ourselves to determine how much we are letting God’s thinking​—not the world’s—​influence our goals and decisions. w23.01 8-9 ¶3-4 Tuesday, August 27 Throw your burden on Jehovah, and he will sustain you. Never will he allow the righteous one to fall.​—Ps. 55:22. Does Jehovah intervene in every situation we encounter? Does he maneuver every event in our life, so that all bad things that happen are for a good reason? No, the Bible does not support that view. (Eccl. 8:9; 9:11) However, we do know this: When we face a trial, Jehovah is aware of it and he hears our cries for help. (Ps. 34:15; Isa. 59:1) More than that, Jehovah can help us to endure hardships successfully. How? One way that Jehovah helps us is by providing comfort and encouragement, often just at the right time. (2 Cor. 1:3, 4) Can you think of a time in your life when Jehovah sustained you by providing comfort and encouragement just when you needed it most? Often, it is only after we look back on a hardship that we see how Jehovah helped us get through it. w23.01 17-18 ¶13-15 Wednesday, August 28 The wild beast that was but is not . . . goes off into destruction.​—Rev. 17:11. This wild beast looks almost the same as the seven-headed wild beast with the exception that it is scarlet-colored. It is called “the image of the wild beast” and is described as “an eighth king.” (Rev. 13:14, 15; 17:3, 8) This “king” is spoken of as coming into existence, then going out of existence, and later reappearing. How well this description fits the United Nations organization, which promotes the interests of the worldwide political system! It existed first as the League of Nations. Then it went out of existence during World War II. It later emerged again in its present-day form. By means of their propaganda, the political beasts stir up opposition to Jehovah and his people. Symbolically, they gather “the kings of the entire inhabited earth” together to the war of Armageddon, which is “the great day of God the Almighty.”​—Rev. 16:13, 14, 16. w22.05 10 ¶10-11 Thursday, August 29 How do you read?​—Luke 10:26. When Jesus learned to read the Sacred Writings on his own, he not only came to know the Scriptures well but also loved them and allowed them to influence his actions. For example, recall the incident in the temple when Jesus was just 12 years old. The teachers who were well-versed in the Mosaic Law were in “amazement at [Jesus’] understanding and his answers.” (Luke 2:46, 47, 52) We too can come to know and love God’s Word as we regularly read the Scriptures. We can learn from what Jesus said to those familiar with the Law, including the scribes, the Pharisees, and the Sadducees. Those religious leaders read the Scriptures often, but they failed to benefit from what they read. Jesus highlighted three ways in which these men were not getting the most out of the Scriptures. His words to them will help us improve in our ability (1) to understand what we read, (2) to find spiritual treasures, and (3) to allow God’s Word to mold us. w23.02 8-9 ¶2-3 Friday, August 30 The shrewd one sees the danger and conceals himself.​—Prov. 22:3. Some dangers that we must avoid include flirting, heavy drinking, overeating, engaging in hurtful speech, as well as viewing violent entertainment, pornography, and similar things. (Ps. 101:3) The Devil is constantly looking for opportunities to damage our friendship with Jehovah. (1 Pet. 5:8) If we are not watchful, Satan can plant in our mind and heart seeds of envy, dishonesty, greed, hatred, haughtiness, and resentment. (Gal. 5:19-21) If we do not take immediate steps to uproot them, they will continue to grow like a poisonous plant and cause trouble. (Jas. 1:14, 15) One subtle danger is bad association. We must remember that we will be strongly influenced by those with whom we choose to spend our time. (1 Cor. 15:33) If we pay attention to ourselves, we will avoid unnecessary association with those who do not live by Jehovah’s standards. (Luke 21:34; 2 Cor. 6:15) We will see the danger and steer clear of it. w23.02 16 ¶7; 17 ¶10-11 Saturday, August 31 This is what the love of God means, that we observe his commandments.​—1 John 5:3. Your love for Jehovah has grown as you have learned more about him. Surely you want to draw closer to him now and forever. And you can. He kindly encourages you to make his heart rejoice. (Prov. 23:15, 16) You can do that not only by words but also by actions. The way you live your life will show that you truly love Jehovah. That is the best goal in life you could ever choose. How can you demonstrate your love for Jehovah? First, you offer a special prayer in which you dedicate yourself to the only true God. (Ps. 40:8) Then, you make that private dedication public by getting baptized. That becomes a happy milestone, a great turning point. You start out on a new life, not for yourself, but for Jehovah. (Rom. 14:8; 1 Pet. 4:1, 2) That may sound like a big step to take, and it is. But it opens the way for the very best life. w23.03 5-6 ¶14-15

Sing Praises (ssb) 1984

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/Ssb

Song 171 A Victory Song (Exodus 15:1) 1. ‘Sing to Jehovah, for he has become highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has pitched into the sea. My strength and my might is Jah, since he serves for my salvation. This is my God; I shall raise him on high. Pharaoh’s chariots and his military forces He has cast into the sea. Your right hand, O Jehovah, is proving pow’rful in ability.’ 2. Thus sang all Israel. Jehovah their God gave them a vict’ry. And vict’ries we witness in this time in which we live. Christ Jesus now rules as King, and Satan’s old system totters. How we rejoice, for deliv’rance is near! The great dragon, Satan, and his wicked angels—down to earth they have been cast. The Lamb of God to vict’ry is riding. Earth’s long darkness now is past. 3. Praise Jah, you people. To God does belong power and glory. His Kingdom stands ready, soon to strike the final blow. We lift up our voice in praise. To God and his Lamb we’re grateful. Happy are we to be living today. To our God, Jehovah, and to his Messiah, thanks we render all day long. To them alone we look for salvation. Grand will be our vict’ry song!

Mankind’s Search for God (sh) 1990

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/sh

Chapter 3 Common Threads in Mythology 1-3. (a) Why should myths interest us? (b) What will we cover in this chapter? WHY consider myths? Are they not just fictions from the distant past? While it is true that many are based on fiction, others are based on fact. Take for example the myths and legends found worldwide that are based on the fact of the world Deluge, or Flood, that the Bible relates. 2 A reason for considering myths is that they are the foundation for beliefs and rites still found in religions today. For example, belief in an immortal soul can be traced from ancient Assyro-Babylonian myths through Egyptian, Greek, and Roman mythology to Christendom, where it has become an underlying tenet in her theology. Myths are evidence that ancient man was searching for gods, as well as for a meaning in life. In this chapter we will briefly cover some of the common themes that arise in the myths of the world’s major cultures. As we review these mythologies, we will note how creation, the Flood, false gods and demigods, the immortal soul, and sun worship crop up regularly as common threads in the patchwork of mythology. But why should this be the case? 3 Very often there is a kernel of historical fact, a person, or an event that has later been exaggerated or distorted to form the myth. One of these historical facts is the Bible’s record of creation.a Fact and Fiction About Creation 4, 5. What were some of the beliefs of Greek mythology? 4 Creation myths abound, but none have the simple logic of the Bible’s creation record. (Genesis, chapters 1, 2) For example, the account given in Greek mythology sounds barbaric. The first Greek to put myths in writing in a systematic way was Hesiod, who wrote his Theogony in the eighth century B.C.E. He explains how the gods and the world began. He starts off with Gaea, or Gaia (Earth), who gives birth to Uranus (Heaven). What follows is explained by scholar Jasper Griffin in The Oxford History of the Classical World: 5 “Hesiod tells the story, known to Homer, of the succession of sky gods. First Uranus was supreme, but he suppressed his children, and Gaia encouraged his son Cronos to castrate him. Cronos in turn devoured his own children, until his wife Rhea gave him a stone to eat in place of Zeus; the child Zeus was brought up in Crete, compelled his father to disgorge his siblings, and with them and other aid defeated Cronos and his Titans and cast them down into Tartarus.” 6. According to Jasper Griffin, what is the probable source of much Greek mythology? 6 From what source did the Greeks get this strange mythology? The same author answers: “Its ultimate origin seems to have been Sumerian. In these eastern stories we find a succession of gods, and the motifs of castration, of swallowing, and of a stone recur in ways which, though varying, show that the resemblance with Hesiod is no coincidence.” We have to look to ancient Mesopotamia and Babylon as the source of many myths that permeated other cultures. 7. (a) Why is it not easy to get information on ancient Chinese myths? (b) How does one Chinese myth explain the creation of the earth and man? (Compare Genesis 1:27; 2:7.) 7 The ancient mythology of Chinese folk religion is not always easy to define, since many written records were destroyed in the period 213-191 B.C.E.b Some myths have remained, however, such as the one describing how the earth was formed. A professor of Oriental art, Anthony Christie, writes: “We learn that Chaos was like a hen’s egg. Neither Heaven nor Earth existed. From the egg P’an-ku was born, while of its heavy elements Earth was made and Sky from the light elements. P’an-ku is represented as a dwarf, clad in a bearskin or a cloak of leaves. For 18,000 years the distance between Earth and Sky grew daily by ten feet, and P’an-ku grew at the same rate so that his body filled the gap. When he died, different parts of his body became various natural elements. . . . His body fleas became the human race.” 8. According to Inca mythology, how did languages come about? 8 From South America an Inca legend explains how a mythical creator gave speech to each nation. “He gave to each nation the language it was to speak . . . He gave being and soul to each one as well [as] the men and the women and commanded each nation to sink below the earth. Thence each nation passed underground and came up in the places to which he assigned them.” (The Fables and Rites of the Yncas, by Cristóbal de Molina of Cuzco, quoted in South American Mythology) In this case it appears that the Bible’s account of the confusion of languages at Babel is the factual kernel for this Inca myth. (Genesis 11:1-9) But now let us turn our attention to the Deluge described in the Bible at Genesis 7:17-24. The Flood​—Fact or Myth? 9. (a) What does the Bible tell us about pre-Flood conditions on the earth? (b) What did Noah and his family have to do to be delivered from the Flood? 9 Taking us back to some 4,500 years ago, to about 2,500 B.C.E., the Bible tells us that rebel spirit sons of God materialized in human form and “went taking wives for themselves.” This unnatural interbreeding produced the violent Nephilim, “the mighty ones who were of old, the men of fame.” Their lawless conduct affected the pre-Flood world to the point that Jehovah said: “‘I am going to wipe men whom I have created off the surface of the ground . . . because I do regret that I have made them.’ But Noah found favor in the eyes of Jehovah.” The account then continues with the specific and practical steps Noah had to take to save himself, as well as his family and a variety of animal kinds, from the Flood.​—Genesis 6:1-8, Genesis 6:13–8:22; 1 Peter 3:19, 20; 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 6. 10. Why should the Bible account of the Flood not be viewed as a myth? 10 The record of pre-Flood events related in Genesis is branded as myth by modern critics. Yet, the history of Noah was accepted and believed by faithful men, such as Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jesus Christ, and the apostles Peter and Paul. It is also supported by the fact that it is reflected in so many mythologies worldwide, including the ancient Epic of Gilgamesh as well as the myths of China and of the Aztecs, Incas, and Maya. With the Bible record in mind, let us now consider the Assyro-Babylonian mythology and its references to a flood.c​—Isaiah 54:9; Ezekiel 14:20; Matthew 24:37; Hebrews 11:7. The Flood and the God-Man Gilgamesh 11. On what is our knowledge of the Epic of Gilgamesh based? 11 Going back in history possibly some 4,000 years, we encounter the famous Akkadian myth called the Epic of Gilgamesh. Our knowledge of this is based mainly on a cuneiform text that came from the library of Ashurbanipal, who reigned in ancient Nineveh. 12. Who was Gilgamesh, and why was he not popular? (Compare Genesis 6:1, 2.) 12 It is the story of the exploits of Gilgamesh, described as being two-thirds god and one-third man, or a demigod. One version of the epic states: “In Uruk he built walls, a great rampart, and the temple of blessed Eanna for the god of the firmament Anu, and for Ishtar the goddess of love . . . , our lady of love and war.” (See box, page 45, for a listing of Assyro-Babylonian gods and goddesses.) However, Gilgamesh was not exactly a pleasant creature to have around. The inhabitants of Uruk complained to the gods: “His lust leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warrior’s daughter nor the wife of the noble.” 13. (a) What action did the gods take, and what did Gilgamesh do? (b) Who was Utnapishtim? 13 What action did the gods take in response to the people’s protest? The goddess Aruru created Enkidu to be the human rival of Gilgamesh. However, instead of being enemies, they became close friends. In the course of the epic, Enkidu died. Shattered, Gilgamesh cried: “When I die, shall I not be like Enkidu? Woe has entered my belly. Fearing death, I roam over the steppe.” He wanted the secret of immortality and set out to find Utnapishtim, the deluge survivor who had been given immortality with the gods. 14. (a) What was Utnapishtim told to do? (Compare Genesis 6:13-16.) (b) What was the outcome of the epic journey of Gilgamesh? 14 Gilgamesh eventually finds Utnapishtim, who tells him the story of the flood. As found in Epic tablet XI, known as the Flood Tablet, Utnapishtim recounts instructions given to him concerning the flood: “Tear down (this) house, build a ship! Give up possessions, seek thou life. . . . Aboard the ship take thou the seed of all living things.” Does this not sound somewhat similar to the Bible’s reference to Noah and the Flood? But Utnapishtim cannot bestow immortality upon Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh, disappointed, returns home to Uruk. The account concludes with his death. The overall message of the epic is the sadness and frustration of death and the hereafter. Those ancient people did not find the God of truth and hope. However, the epic’s instruction to the Bible’s simple account of the pre-Flood era is quite evident. Now let us turn to the Flood account as it appears in other legends. Flood Legend in Other Cultures 15. Why is the Sumerian flood legend of interest to us? 15 Even earlier than the account in the Epic of Gilgamesh is the Sumerian myth that presents “Ziusudra, the counterpart of the biblical Noah, who is described as a pious, a god-fearing king, constantly on the lookout for divine revelations in dreams or incantations.” (Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament) According to the same source, this myth “offers the closest and most striking parallel to biblical material as yet uncovered in Sumerian literature.” The Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, which came later, were influenced by the Sumerian. 16. From what source could the Chinese flood legends have come? 16 The book China​—A History in Art tells us that one of the ancient rulers of China was Yü, “the conqueror of the Great Flood. Yü channeled flood waters into rivers and seas to resettle his people.” Mythology expert Joseph Campbell wrote about the Chinese “Period of the Great Ten,” saying: “To this important age, which terminates in a Deluge, ten emperors were assigned in the early Chou-time mythology. Hence, it appears that what we are viewing here may be a local transformation of the series of the old Sumerian king list.” Campbell then cited other items from Chinese legends that appeared to “reinforce the argument for a Mesopotamian source.” That takes us back to the same basic source of many myths. However, the story of the Flood also appears in the Americas, for example, in Mexico during the period of the Aztecs in the 15th and 16th centuries C.E. 17. What flood legends did the Aztecs have? 17 Aztec mythology spoke of four previous ages, during the first of which the earth was inhabited by giants. (That is another reminder of the Nephilim, the giants referred to in the Bible at Genesis 6:4.) It included a primeval flood legend in which “the waters above merge with those below, obliterating the horizons and making of everything a timeless cosmic ocean.” The god controlling rain and water was Tlaloc. However, his rain was not obtained cheaply but was given “in exchange for the blood of sacrificed victims whose flowing tears would simulate and so stimulate the flow of rain.” (Mythology​—An Illustrated Encyclopedia) Another legend states that the fourth era was ruled by Chalchiuhtlicue, the water-goddess, whose universe perished by a flood. Men were saved by becoming fish! 18. What accounts are prevalent in South American mythology? (Compare Genesis 6:7, 8; 2 Peter 2:5.) 18 Similarly, the Incas had their Flood legends. British writer Harold Osborne states: “Perhaps the most ubiquitous features in South American myth are the stories of a deluge . . . Myths of a deluge are very widespread among both the highland peoples and the tribes of the tropical lowlands. The deluge is commonly connected with the creation and with an epiphany [manifestation] of the creator-god. . . . It is sometimes regarded as a divine punishment wiping out existing humankind in preparation for the emergence of a new race.” 19. Describe the Maya flood legend. 19 Likewise, the Maya in Mexico and Central America had their Flood legend that involved a universal deluge, or haiyococab, which means “water over the earth.” Catholic bishop Las Casas wrote that the Guatemalan Indians “called it Butic, which is the word which means flood of many waters and means the final judgment, and so they believe that another Butic is about to come, which is another flood and judgment, not of water, but of fire.” Many more flood legends exist around the world, but the few already quoted serve to confirm the kernel of the legend, the historical event related in the book of Genesis. The All-Pervasive Immortal Soul Belief 20. What was the Assyro-Babylonian belief regarding the afterlife? 20 However, not all myths have a basis in fact or in the Bible. In his search for God, man has clutched at straws, deluded by the illusion of immortality. As we will see throughout this book, the belief in an immortal soul or variations thereof is a legacy that has come down to us through the millenniums. The people of the ancient Assyro-Babylonian culture believed in an afterlife. The New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology explains: “Under the earth, beyond the abyss of the Apsu [full of fresh water and encircling the earth], lay the infernal dwelling-place to which men descended after death. It was the ‘Land of no return’ . . . In these regions of eternal darkness the souls of the dead​—edimmu—​‘clad, like birds, in a garment of wings’ are all jumbled together.” According to the myth, this subterranean world was ruled over by the goddess Ereshkigal, “Princess of the great earth.” 21. According to Egyptian belief, what happened to the dead? 21 The Egyptians likewise had their idea of an immortal soul. Before the soul could reach a happy haven, it had to be weighed against Maat, the goddess of truth and justice, who was symbolized by the feather of truth. Either Anubis, the jackal-headed god, or Horus, the falcon, helped in the procedure. If approved by Osiris, that soul would go on to share bliss with the gods. (See illustration, page 50.) As is so often the case, here we find the common thread of the Babylonian immortal soul concept shaping people’s religion, lives, and actions. 22. What was the Chinese concept of the dead, and what was done to help them? 22 The old Chinese mythology included a belief in survival after death and the need to keep ancestors happy. Ancestors were “conceived as living and powerful spirits, all vitally concerned about the welfare of their living descendants, but capable of punitive anger if displeased.” The dead were to be given every aid, including companions in death. Thus, “some Shang kings . . . were buried with anywhere from a hundred to three hundred human victims, who were to be his attendants in the next world. (This practice instructions ancient China with Egypt, Africa, Japan, and other places, where similar sacrifices were made.)” (Man’s Religions, by John B. Noss) In these cases belief in an immortal soul led to human sacrifices.​—Contrast Ecclesiastes 9:5, 10; Isaiah 38:18, 19. 23. (a) In Greek mythology, who and what were Hades? (b) What is Hades according to the Bible? 23 The Greeks, having formulated many gods in their mythology, were also concerned with the dead and their destination. According to the myths, the one put in charge of that realm of murky darkness was the son of Cronus and brother of the gods Zeus and Poseidon. His name was Hades, and his realm was named after him. How did the souls of the dead reach Hades?d 24. (a) According to Greek mythology, what happened in the underworld? (b) What similarity to the Epic of Gilgamesh was there in Greek mythology? 24 Writer Ellen Switzer explains: “There were . . . frightening creatures in the underworld. There was Charon, who rowed the ferry that transported those who had recently died from the land of the living to the underworld. Charon required payment for his ferry service [across the river Styx], and the Greeks often buried their dead with a coin under the tongue to make sure that they had the proper fare. Dead souls who could not pay were kept on the wrong side of the river, in a kind of no-man’s-land, and might return to haunt the living.”e 25. Who were influenced by Greek thinking regarding the soul? 25 The Greek mythology of the soul went on to influence the Roman concept, and the Greek philosophers, such as Plato (about 427-347 B.C.E.), strongly influenced early apostate Christian thinkers who accepted the immortal soul teaching into their doctrine, even though it had no Biblical basis. 26, 27. How did the Aztecs, Incas, and Maya view death? 26 The Aztecs, Incas, and Maya also believed in an immortal soul. Death was as much a mystery to them as it was to other civilizations. They had their ceremonies and beliefs to help them reconcile themselves to it. As the archaeological historian Victor W. von Hagen explains in his book The Ancient Sun Kingdoms of the Americas: “The dead were in reality living: they had merely passed from one phase to another; they were invisible, impalpable, invulnerable. The dead . . . had become the unseen members of the clan.”​—Contrast Judges 16:30; Ezekiel 18:4, 20. 27 The same source tells us that “the [Inca] Indian believed in immortality; in fact he believed one never died, . . . the dead body merely became undead and it took on the influences of the unseen powers.” The Maya too believed in a soul and in 13 heavens and 9 hells. Thus, wherever we turn, people have wanted to deny the reality of death, and the immortal soul has been the crutch to lean on.​—Isaiah 38:18; Acts 3:23. 28. What are some beliefs that have prevailed in Africa? 28 Africa’s mythologies likewise include references to a surviving soul. Many Africans live in awe of the souls of the dead. The New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology states: “This belief is bound up with another​—the continuing existence of the soul after death. Magicians are able to call on souls to aid their powers. The souls of the dead often transmigrate into the bodies of animals, or may even be reincarnated in plants.” As a consequence, the Zulu will not kill some snakes that they believe to be the spirits of relatives. 29. Explain the legends of some tribes of southern Africa. (Compare Genesis 2:15-17; 3:1-5.) 29 The Masai of southeastern Africa believe in a creator called ’Ng ai, who places a guardian angel by each Masai as a protection. At the moment of death, the angel takes the warrior’s soul to the hereafter. The previously quoted Larousse supplies a Zulu death-legend involving the first man, Unkulunkulu, who for this myth had become the supreme being. He sent the chameleon to tell mankind, “Men shall not die!” The chameleon was slow and got distracted on the way. So Unkulunkulu sent a different message by means of a lizard, saying, “Men shall die!” The lizard got there first, “and ever since no man has escaped death.” With variations, this same legend exists among the Bechuana, Basuto, and Baronga tribes. 30. In this book what will we further see about the soul? 30 As we pursue the study of mankind’s search for God, we will see even further how important the myth of the immortal soul has been and still is to mankind. Sun Worship and Human Sacrifices 31. (a) What did the Egyptians believe about the sun-god Ra? (b) How does that contrast with what the Bible says? (Psalm 19:4-6) 31 The mythology of Egypt embraces an extensive pantheon of gods and goddesses. As in so many other ancient societies, while the Egyptians searched for God, they gravitated toward worshiping that which sustained their daily life​—the sun. Thus, under the name of Ra (Amon-Ra), they venerated the sovereign lord of the sky, who took a boat ride every day from east to west. When night fell, he followed a dangerous course through the underworld. 32. Describe one of the festivals to the fire-god Xiuhtecutli (Huehueteotl). 32 Human sacrifices were a common feature in the sun worship of the Aztec, Inca, and Maya religions. The Aztecs celebrated a constant cycle of religious festivals, with human sacrifices to their various gods, especially in the worship of the sun-god Tezcatlipoca. Also, in the festival of the fire-god Xiuhtecutli (Huehueteotl), “prisoners of war danced together with their captors and . . . were whirled about a dazzling fire and then dumped into the coals, fished out while still alive to have their still palpitating hearts cut out to be offered to the gods.”​—The Ancient Sun Kingdoms of the Americas. 33. (a) What did Inca worship include? (b) What does the Bible say about human sacrifices? (Compare 2 Kings 23:5, 11; Jeremiah 32:35; Ezekiel 8:16.) 33 Farther south, the Inca religion had its own sacrifices and myths. In ancient Inca worship, children and animals were offered to the sun-god Inti and to Viracocha, the creator. Mythical Gods and Goddesses 34. Who made up the most prominent Egyptian triad, and what roles did they play? 34 The most prominent of the Egyptian triads is that made up of Isis, symbol of divine motherhood; Osiris, her brother and consort; and Horus, their son, usually represented by a falcon. Isis is sometimes portrayed in Egyptian statues offering her breast to her child in a pose very reminiscent of Christendom’s virgin-and-child statues and paintings, which came on the scene over two thousand years later. In time Isis’ husband, Osiris, achieved popularity as the god of the dead because he offered hope of an eternally happy life for the souls of the dead in the hereafter. 35. Who was Hathor, and what was her chief annual festival? 35 Egypt’s Hathor was the goddess of love and joy, music and dancing. She became the queen of the dead, helping them with a ladder to achieve heaven. As the New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology explains, she was celebrated with great festivals, “above all on New Year’s Day, which was the anniversary of her birth. Before dawn the priestesses would bring Hathor’s image out on to the terrace to expose it to the rays of the rising sun. The rejoicing which followed was a pretext for a veritable carnival, and the day ended in song and intoxication.” Have things changed all that much in New Year celebrations thousands of years later? 36. (a) What was the religious setting for Israel in the 16th century B.C.E.? (b) What special significance did the Ten Plagues have? 36 The Egyptians also had many animal gods and goddesses in their pantheon, such as Apis the bull, Banaded the ram, Heqt the frog, Hathor the cow, and Sebek the crocodile. (Romans 1:21-23) It was in this religious setting that the Israelites found themselves in captivity as slaves in the 16th century B.C.E. To release them from Pharaoh’s stubborn grip, Jehovah, the God of Israel, had to send ten different plagues against Egypt. (Exodus 7:14–12:36) Those plagues amounted to a calculated humiliation of the mythological gods of Egypt.​—See box, page 62. 37. (a) What kind of characters were some of the Roman gods? (b) How did the conduct of the gods affect their followers? (c) What experience did Paul and Barnabas have in Lystra? 37 Now let us move on to the gods of ancient Greece and Rome. Rome borrowed many gods from ancient Greece, along with their virtues and vices. (See boxes, pages 43 and 66.) For example, Venus and Flora were brazen prostitutes; Bacchus was a drunkard and reveler; Mercury was a highway robber; and Apollo was a seducer of women. It is reported that Jupiter, the father of the gods, committed adultery or incest with about 59 women! (What a reminder of the rebel angels who cohabited with women before the Flood!) Since worshipers tend to reflect the conduct of their gods, is it any wonder that Roman emperors such as Tiberius, Nero, and Caligula led debauched lives as adulterers, fornicators, and murderers? 38. (a) Describe the kind of worship practiced in Rome. (b) How did religion influence the Roman soldier? 38 In their religion, the Romans incorporated gods from many traditions. For example, they took up with enthusiasm the worship of Mithras, the Persian god of light, who became their sun-god (see box, pages 60-1), and the Syrian goddess Atargatis (Ishtar). They converted the Grecian Artemis the huntress into Diana and had their own variations of the Egyptian Isis. They also adopted the Celtic triple goddesses of fertility.​—Acts 19:23-28. 39. (a) Who ruled the Roman priesthood? (b) Describe one of the Roman religious ceremonies. 39 For the practice of their public cults at hundreds of shrines and temples, they had a variety of priests, all of whom “came under the authority of the Pontifex Maximus [Supreme Pontiff], who was the head of the state religion.” (Atlas of the Roman World) The same atlas states that one of the Roman ceremonies was the taurobolium, in which “the worshiper stood in a pit and was bathed in the blood of a bull sacrificed over him. He emerged from this rite in a state of purified innocence.” Christian Myths and Legends? 40. How do many scholars view the events of early Christianity? 40 According to some modern critics, Christianity also embraces myths and legends. Is that really so? Many scholars reject as myths the virgin birth of Jesus, his miracles, and his resurrection. Some even say he never existed but that his myth is a carryover from more ancient mythology and sun worship. As mythology expert Joseph Campbell wrote: “Several scholars have suggested, therefore, that there was never either John [the Baptizer] or Jesus, but only a water-god and a sun-god.” But we need to remember that many of these same scholars are atheists and thus reject totally any belief in God. 41, 42. What evidence is there to support the historicity of early Christianity? 41 However, this skeptical point of view flies in the face of historical evidence. For example, the Jewish historian Josephus (c.37-c.100 C.E.) wrote: “To some of the Jews the destruction of Herod’s army seemed to be divine vengeance, and certainly a just vengeance, for his treatment of John, surnamed the Baptist. For Herod had put him to death, though he was a good man.”​—Mark 1:14; 6:14-29. 42 This same historian also testified to the historical existence of Jesus Christ, when he wrote that there arose “a certain Jesus, a wizard of a man, if indeed he may be called a man . . . whom his disciples call a son of God.” He continued by saying that “Pilate had sentenced him . . . And even now the race of those who are called ‘Messianists’ after him is not extinct.”f​—Mark 15:1-5, 22-26; Acts 11:26. 43. What basis did the apostle Peter have for believing in Christ? 43 Therefore, the Christian apostle Peter could write with total conviction as an eyewitness of Jesus’ transfiguration, saying: “No, it was not by following artfully contrived false stories [Greek, myʹthos] that we acquainted you with the power and presence of our Lord Jesus Christ, but it was by having become eyewitnesses of his magnificence. For he received from God the Father honor and glory, when words such as these were borne to him by the magnificent glory: ‘This is my son, my beloved, whom I myself have approved.’ Yes, these words we heard borne from heaven while we were with him in the holy mountain.”​—2 Peter 1:16-18.g 44. What Bible principle should prevail in any conflict between man’s opinions and the Word of God? 44 In this conflict between man’s “expert” opinion and God’s Word, we must apply the principle stated earlier: “What, then, is the case? If some did not express faith, will their lack of faith perhaps make the faithfulness of God without effect? Never may that happen! But let God be found true, though every man be found a liar, even as it is written: ‘That you might be proved righteous in your words and might win when you are being judged.’”​—Romans 3:3, 4. Common Threads 45. What are some of the common threads found in world mythology? 45 This brief review of some of the world’s mythologies has served to indicate some common features, many of which can be traced back to Babylon, the Mesopotamian cradle of most religions. There are common threads, whether in the facts of creation, or in accounts about a period when demigods and giants occupied the land and a deluge destroyed the wicked, or in the basic religious concepts of sun-worship and an immortal soul. 46, 47. (a) What Biblical explanation can we offer for the common origin and threads of mythology? (b) What further aspects of ancient worship will we cover? 46 From a Biblical viewpoint, we can explain these common threads when we recall that after the Flood, at God’s behest mankind spread out from Babel in Mesopotamia more than 4,200 years ago. Although they separated, forming families and tribes with different languages, they started off with the same basic understanding of prior history and religious concepts. (Genesis 11:1-9) Over the centuries, this understanding became distorted and adorned in each culture, resulting in many of the fictions, legends, and myths that have come down to us today. These myths, divorced from Bible truth, failed to bring mankind nearer to the true God. 47 However, mankind have also expressed their religious sentiments in various other ways​—spiritism, shamanism, magic, ancestor worship, and so on. Do they tell us anything about mankind’s search for God? [Footnotes] a For a detailed consideration of creation, see the book Life​—How Did It Get Here? By Evolution or by Creation?, published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. b The more recent mythology of China, the result of the influence of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, will be discussed in Chapters 6 and 7. c For a more detailed discussion of the proofs of the Flood as history, see Insight on the Scriptures, Volume 1, pages 327-8, 609-12, published by the Watchtower Society. d “Hades” appears in the Christian Greek Scriptures ten times, not as a mythological person, but as the common grave of mankind. It is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew she’ohlʹ.​—Compare Psalm 16:10; Acts 2:27, Kingdom Interlinear.​—See Insight on the Scriptures, Volume 1, pages 1015-16, published by the Watchtower Society. e Interestingly, Utnapishtim, the hero of the Epic of Gilgamesh, had his boatman, Urshanabi, who took Gilgamesh over the waters of death to meet the flood survivor. f According to the traditional text of Josephus, footnote, page 48 of the Harvard University Press edition, Volume IX. g For further information on Christianity, see Chapter 10. [Box on page 43] Greek and Roman Divinities Many gods and goddesses of Greek mythology held similar positions in Roman mythology. The table below lists some of them. Greek Roman Role Aphrodite Venus Goddess of love Apollo Apollo God of light, medicine, and poetry Ares Mars God of war Artemis Diana Goddess of hunting and childbirth Asclepius Aesculapius God of healing Athena Minerva Goddess of crafts, war, and wisdom Cronus Saturn To the Greeks, ruler of the Titans and father of Zeus. In Roman mythology, also the god of agriculture Demeter Ceres Goddess of growing things Dionysus Bacchus God of wine, fertility, and wild behavior Eros Cupid God of love Gaea Terra Symbol of the earth, and mother and wife of Uranus Hephaestus Vulcan Blacksmith for the gods and god of fire and metalworking Hera Juno Protector of marriage and women. To the Greeks, sister and wife of Zeus; to the Romans, wife of Jupiter Hermes Mercury Messenger for the gods; god of commerce and science; and protector of travelers, thieves, and vagabonds Hestia Vesta Goddess of the hearth Hypnos Somnus God of sleep Pluto, Hades Pluto God of the underworld Poseidon Neptune God of the sea. In Greek mythology, also god of earthquakes and horses Rhea Ops Wife and sister of Cronus Uranus Uranus Son and husband of Gaea and father of the Titans Zeus Jupiter Ruler of the gods Based on The World Book Encyclopedia, 1987, Volume 13. [Box on page 45] Assyro-Babylonian Gods and Goddesses Anu​—the supreme god, reigning over the heavens; father of Ishtar Asshur​—national warrior-god of the Assyrians; also god of fertility Ea​—god of water. Father of Marduk. Warned Utnapishtim of the flood Enlil (Bel)​—lord of the air; later paralleled in Greek mythology by Zeus. Assimilated by the Babylonians into Marduk (Bel) Ishtar​—divine personification of the planet Venus; sacred prostitution a part of her cult. She was Astarte in Phoenicia, Atargatis in Syria, Ashtoreth in the Bible (1 Kings 11:5, 33), Aphrodite in Greece, Venus in Rome Marduk​—first among the Babylonian gods; “absorbed all the other gods and took over all their various functions.” Called Merodach by the Israelites Shamash​—sun-god of light and justice. Forerunner of the Greek Apollo Sin​—moon-god, member of the triad that included Shamash (the sun) and Ishtar (the planet Venus) Tammuz (Dumuzi)​—the harvest-god. Ishtar’s lover (Based on the New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology) [Box/​Pictures on page 60, 61] Gods of the Roman Soldier Rome was famous for its disciplined army. The cohesion of its empire depended on the morale and the effectiveness of the military legions. Was religion a factor to be reckoned with? Yes, and fortunately for us, the Romans left behind clear evidence of their occupation in the form of highways, fortresses, aqueducts, coliseums, and temples. For example, in Northumbria, in the north of England, there is the famous Hadrian’s Wall, built about 122 C.E. What have excavations revealed about Roman garrison activity and the role of religion? In the Housesteads Museum, located near the excavated ruins of a Roman garrison on Hadrian’s Wall, an exhibit states: “The religious life of a Roman soldier was divided into three parts. Firstly . . . the cult of the Deified Emperors and the worship of the protecting gods of Rome such as Jupiter, Victory and Mars. An altar was dedicated to Jupiter every year on the parade ground of each fort. All soldiers were expected to participate in the festivals celebrating the birthdays, accession days and victories of the Deified Emperors.” How similar to the customs of armies of today, in which chaplains, altars, and flags are a regular part of army worship. But what was the second feature of the Roman soldier’s religious life? It was the worship of the protecting gods and the guardian spirit of their particular unit “as well as the gods brought from their native lands.” “Finally there were the cults followed by the individual. As long as a soldier fulfilled his obligations to the official cults he was free to worship any god he wished.” That sounds like a very liberal freedom-of-worship situation, but “exceptions were those religions, of which Druidism was one, whose practices were considered inhumane, and those whose loyalty to the State was suspect, for example Christianity.”​—Compare Luke 20:21-25; 23:1, 2; Acts 10:1, 2, 22. Interestingly, in 1949 a temple to Mithras was discovered in a bog at Carrawburgh, quite close to Hadrian’s Wall. (See photo.) Archaeologists estimate that it was built about 205 C.E. It contains a sun-god image, altars, and a Latin inscription that states, in part, “To the invincible god Mithras.” [Box on page 62] Egypt’s Gods and the Ten Plagues Jehovah executed judgment on Egypt’s impotent gods by means of the Ten Plagues.​—Exodus 7:14–12:32. Plague Description 1 Nile and other waters turned to blood. Nile-god Hapi disgraced 2 Frogs. Frog-goddess Heqt powerless to prevent it 3 Dust turned to gnats. Thoth, lord of magic, could not help the Egyptian magicians 4 Gadflies on all Egypt except Goshen where Israel dwelt. No god was able to prevent it​—not even Ptah, creator of the universe, or Thoth, lord of magic 5 Pestilence on livestock. Neither sacred cow-goddess Hathor nor Apis the bull could prevent this plague 6 Boils. Healer deities Thoth, Isis, and Ptah unable to help 7 Thunder and hail. Exposed the impotence of Reshpu, controller of lightning, and Thoth, god of rain and thunder 8 Locusts. This was a blow to the fertility-god Min, protector of crops 9 Three days of darkness. Ra, the preeminent sun-god, and Horus, a solar god, disgraced 10 Death of the firstborn including Pharaoh’s, who was considered to be a god incarnate. Ra (Amon-Ra), sun-god and sometimes represented as a ram, was unable to impede it [Box on page 66] Mythology and Christianity Worship of the mythical gods of ancient Greece and Rome was in full sway when Christianity came on the scene nearly two thousand years ago. In Asia Minor the Greek names still prevailed, which explains why the people of Lystra (in present-day Turkey) called the Christian healers Paul and Barnabas “gods,” referring to them as Hermes and Zeus respectively, rather than as the Roman Mercury and Jupiter. The account says that “the priest of Zeus, whose temple was before the city, brought bulls and garlands to the gates and was desiring to offer sacrifices with the crowds.” (Acts 14:8-18) Only with difficulty did Paul and Barnabas convince the crowd not to make sacrifices to them. It illustrates how seriously those people took their mythology back then. [Picture on page 42] Mount Olympus, Greece, the supposed home of the gods [Picture on page 47] Clay tablet in cuneiform writing that presents part of the Epic of Gilgamesh [Picture on page 50] Anubis, the jackal-headed god, weighs a heart-soul, on the left scale, against Maat, the goddess of truth and justice, symbolized by a feather; Thoth writes the result on a tablet before announcing it to Osiris [Pictures on page 55] Chalchiuhtlicue, Aztec goddess of fresh water; an owl-shaped vessel that has a cavity where it is believed sacrificed hearts were deposited [Picture on page 57] The Egyptian triad: from left, Horus, Osiris, and Isis [Pictures on page 58] Inca sun worship was practiced at Machu Picchu, Peru The Intihuatana, inset, the sun’s “hitching post,” perhaps used in connection with sun worship at Machu Picchu [Pictures on page 63] Representations of Horus the falcon, Apis the bull, and Heqt the frog. The Egyptian gods were unable to prevent the plagues that Jehovah sent, including turning the Nile into blood [Pictures on page 64] Greek deities, from left, Aphrodite; Zeus carrying Ganymede, cupbearer of the gods; and Artemis

‘How Will I Be Able to Preach?’

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2012048

‘How Will I Be Able to Preach?’ Throughout the world, we have outstanding examples of brothers and sisters who faithfully share in the preaching work despite coping with serious health problems. Take, as an example, Dalia, who lives in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Dalia is a sister in her mid-30’s. Since birth, she has suffered from the effects of cerebral apoplexy. That disorder has left her paralyzed and with a serious speech impediment. As a result, only family members are able to understand her well. Dalia lives with her mother, Galina, who cares for her needs. Although Dalia’s life has been filled with adversity and anxiety, she maintains a positive outlook. How is that possible? Galina explains: “In 1999, my cousin Apolonija came to visit us. We noticed that Apolonija, who is one of Jehovah’s Witnesses, knew her Bible well, and Dalia began to ask her many questions. Before long, a Bible study was started with Dalia. Occasionally, I joined them in the study to help interpret Dalia’s speech. I noticed, though, that everything that she was learning really benefited her. Soon I too requested a Bible study.” As Dalia began to understand Bible truths, one question started to bother her more and more. Finally, she spoke up and asked Apolonija: “How is one like me​—being paralyzed—​able to preach?” (Matt. 28:19, 20) Apolonija calmly reassured Dalia: “Do not be afraid. Jehovah will help you.” And, indeed, Jehovah does. How, then, does Dalia preach? In several ways. Christian sisters help her to prepare letters with a Bible message. First, Dalia expresses her thoughts to the sisters. Then, they compose a letter containing her thoughts. Dalia also witnesses by sending text messages on her mobile phone. And when the weather is favorable, congregation members take her outside to approach people they meet in local parks and on the street. Dalia and her mother have continued to make spiritual progress. They both dedicated themselves to Jehovah and were baptized in November 2004. In September 2008, a Polish-speaking group was formed in Vilnius. Since the group had a need for more Kingdom publishers, Dalia and her mother joined it. Says Dalia: “Some months I get worried when I have not yet been out in service. But after praying to Jehovah about it, soon someone makes an appointment to go out with me in the ministry.” How does our dear sister Dalia feel about her situation? She states: “The disease has paralyzed my body, but it has not paralyzed my mind. I am so happy to be able to tell others about Jehovah!”

The “Third World” Speaks Out

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101977005

The “Third World” Speaks Out By “Awake!” correspondent in Sri Lanka MOST nations in the world today are relatively poor. Of the 145 countries making up the United Nations Organization, more than 100 are in that category. World leaders tactfully call such poorer lands the “underdeveloped” or “developing” or “emerging” nations. They are also referred to as the “third world.” Why? Originally that phrase was used to describe the nations that were neutral, nonaligned politically. That is, they were not committed to supporting either the Communist bloc of nations or the Western bloc. Hence, they were considered to be a “third world.” But in recent years, the Communist and Western blocs have become fragmented. Also, some of the nations that are Communist, and some that are Western, are poor too. So now the term “third world” generally has come to be applied to those countries not highly developed economically, nor to any considerable degree otherwise. And most of them still regard themselves as being nonaligned. Political Influence While these lands may be underdeveloped in an economic sense, they have developed a measure of political influence. Often the vast majority of the third world sees things similarly, as a group. So they vote together on various issues brought before the United Nations General Assembly. And they vote independently of what the developed countries may wish. No longer do they simply follow the dictates of the more powerful industrial nations or those that once had colonial empires. Hence, on many issues the Western countries find themselves being opposed by this “new majority” in the United Nations. And often the third world’s views are supported by the Communist countries. This has resulted in a completely different situation when compared to the early years of the United Nations. Then, the Western countries led by the United States dominated the voting pattern in the General Assembly of the world body. But that is now a thing of the past. As U.S. News & World Report states: “The greatest source of antagonism in the [U.N. General Assembly] stems from a collision of political and economic interests between the ‘third world’​—the less-developed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America—​and the industrialized West. Using its so-called tyranny of the majority, the third world can, and does, ram through Assembly resolutions over objections of more-developed nations.” This publication notes that the voting pattern of the majority in the U.N. now “almost automatically lines up alongside Moscow’s” views on anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism and anti-racism. And it adds: “The fact that the United States winds up on the losing side of almost every such U.N. argument is a welcome bonus to the leaders in the Kremlin.” Summit Meetings Spell Out Problems In recent years, the third-world nations have had a number of summit conferences to talk about their problems. Last summer, for instance, eighty-six of these nations met here in Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon. This was their fifth such meeting as a group. Earlier summit conferences had been held in Belgrade (1961), Cairo (1964), Lusaka (1970) and Algiers (1973). Also, in the spring of 1974, the third world sponsored a special session of the United Nations General Assembly. For three weeks this session concentrated on the plight of the poorer nations. At all such meetings, a basic grievance appears. It has to do with the economic difficulties of these nations in relation to the richer countries. The third world feels that the raw materials they produce are bought at too-low prices by the industrial nations and that the industrial products sold back to the poorer nations are priced too high. The dilemma is especially acute for those poor countries that are agricultural lands and have little or no surplus food to sell and no raw-material resources of any consequence for export. In addition, the third world points out that the gap between the rich nations and the poor ones is not being closed. It is widening. The total number of people who are hungry, poorly clothed, improperly housed and unemployed is increasing, not decreasing. Where it is possible, and the demand for the raw materials by the industrial countries large enough, the nations with exportable natural resources are raising the prices of their products. An example is the sixfold increase in the price of oil by the oil-producing countries. However, at present not many raw materials produced by the poor countries are in such high demand that prices can be raised as dramatically. Indeed, in recent years, the prices of many raw materials of the third world, including some agricultural products, have declined. Yet, the prices of finished industrial products sold by the wealthier countries have continued to rise due to inflation. Preparing for the Summit Such problems were the focus of this most recent summit conference held here in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka. Thousands of delegates and many heads of states attended. The scope of the conference could be seen by the fact that the eighty-six nations attending represented more than half the countries in the world. But before the sessions took place, other problems had to be met in preparing for the meeting. Overcoming them was a mammoth undertaking for this small, developing country just over 25,000 square miles (64,750 square kilometers) in size, about half the size of New York State. For instance, security was a big problem. In view of the many hijackings, kidnappings, bombings and assassinations in recent years, strict attention had to be paid to the weeding out of all possible undesirable elements. Regular tourist traffic was severely restricted in the periods before and during the conference. All foreign nationals had to leave the country if their visas were not renewed. More than a year in advance, trained personnel of the intelligence service were out in the field screening all persons who might in some way be connected with the forthcoming meeting. This included employees of hotels, the airport, and all institutions involved with the summit. Those employees who were in any way suspect were given leaves of absence to get them away from the area. Even residents who lived on the route from the airport to the conference hall were screened. In addition, over 10,000 criminals, petty thieves and other ‘undesirables’ were photographed and fingerprinted. A close watch was kept on their activities. Some of the ‘big time’ criminals who were not already behind bars were taken into custody for the period of the conference. Also, hundreds of vehicles were imported from several countries to be used by the delegates and security personnel. Roads had to be widened or newly constructed. More hotels were built to accommodate the delegates. Finally, all was in readiness. And the entire nation was well aware that an important event was being held in their small land. Delegates Speak Out The opening address was given by the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike. She had previously been elected chairman of the conference. Her name had been proposed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and seconded by Indian Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi and the President of Cyprus, Archbishop Makarios. In her address, in what she called “a message to the developed nations,” Prime Minister Bandaranaike affirmed that “the nonaligned do not consider any nation or any people as their enemy. Their fight has always been against injustice, intolerance, and inequity.” In its comment on the opening address, the New York Times said: “Welcoming the Vietnamese to membership in the nonaligned movement, she drew one of the day’s biggest rounds of applause when she said: ‘Their struggle against the military might and sophistication of one of the greatest powers, to ultimate and final victory, is a shining inspiration to all nations fighting for national liberation, against foreign intervention, domination and oppression.’” The chairman also commented on the establishment of a new international economic order. She proposed the setting up of a bank for the third-world countries, stating: “If we really and truly want to blunt the weapons of imperialism and colonialism, we must surely fashion countervailing weapons in the form of currency backed by the immense economic potential of the nonaligned and other developing countries.” She felt that such a bank would enable the third-world countries to enter an area of international economic activity that had so far remained the monopoly of a few multinational private banks in the rich nations. On the same day, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia sounded a common theme: “We believe in power-sharing as an important guarantee for peace within the international community.” Other speakers also called for a new economic and social order that would give the third world a greater share of the earth’s wealth. Statistics showing the need for a new economic order were detailed to the conference. For example, it was pointed out that in 1970 the world’s poorest billion people had an annual income of only 105 dollars per person. But those in the developed countries had an annual income of 3,100 dollars per person. By 1980, it was calculated, the same billion poor people would have increased their income by an insignificant three dollars each, compared to a 900-dollar increase for each person in the rich countries. Further, in the poor countries, every day about 10,000 persons, on the average, die from starvation or diseases related to malnutrition. And in these countries, it was said that there are more children of school age out of school than there are in school. In spite of all these needs, vast resources of the world are being channeled, not for constructive purposes, but for the manufacture of ever more sophisticated weapons. The world now spends about 300 billion dollars a year on such armaments. Yet, Mr. Kurt Waldheim, secretary-general of the United Nations, acknowledged in his address to the summit conference: “No progress has been made towards genuine disarmament, which would reduce arms expenditures and permit the transfer of resources to more constructive use. The trend has been in the opposite direction.” He also observed that the “danger of nuclear proliferation not only remains, but has increased.” Western Nations Warned After four days of meetings, the conference came to an end. On the last day the third world adopted a stinging warning to the world’s rich nations. The message was that they must yield more of their wealth to a new economic order. The communiqué made an urgent plea for action to help to halt the widening gap between the rich and the poor. The report noted that the economic position of third-world nations has deteriorated in the past few years. Their combined balance-of-payments deficits have tripled. Their debt to the rich countries has increased by billions of dollars. Soaring inflation often cripples their efforts to improve their economic condition. The New York Times commented: “The nonaligned countries are firmly convinced that nothing short of a complete rearranging of international economic relations will place developing countries in a position to achieve an acceptable level of development.” The Times also noted a general trend ‘to the left’ among many of these third-world nations. It said: “In West European and American eyes, nonalignment often seems to be primarily anti-Western and anti-American in tone.” It observed, for instance, that the final communiqué condemned the American presence in South Korea, called for the independence of Puerto Rico, condemned Israel, and hailed “the historic and total victory achieved by the people of Vietnam in their struggle against aggressive United States imperialism.” At times, though, even the Communist nations were chastised by a few speakers for supporting subversive movements in the third world. But more often, the tone was as stated by U.S. News & World Report: “The U.S. and other industrialized nations of the West continued to take their lumps, being blamed for virtually every economic and political illness of the poor nations.” Thus, the third world spoke out again. And once again, what it said was not favorable to the Western nations that make up the heart of what is commonly called “Christendom.” [Picture on page 20] “Third world” nations spoke out at their conference held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall

Youth (yy) 1976

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yy

Chapter 5 Masturbation and Homosexuality 1-4. (a) What is masturbation? (b) Why does the fact that a practice is common not necessarily make it right? (c) Why should we be interested in God’s view on this matter? ISN’T it remarkable how the bodies of boys and girls develop during adolescence so that they can either father children or give birth to them? Along with this physical transformation of your body, there is usually a change in your attitude toward the opposite sex. An attraction grows, and often boys develop a keen interest in girls, and girls in boys. But, at the same time, you may have a certain wonderment and curiosity about your own rapidly changing body. How should you satisfy this curiosity? Should you experiment with your sex organs? Is there anything wrong with rubbing them in some way until the excitement is climaxed? 2 This practice is called masturbation. It is very common. One authority on the subject says: “Every serious statistical study that we have shows clearly that . . . at least ninety-five per cent of boys and young men between thirteen and twenty-five years of age pass through periods of habitual masturbation of varying lengths.” As for girls, this source says that “forty to fifty per cent are found to actually masturbate.” Some people say that these figures prove “normalcy” and that the “absence of masturbation in a healthy youth is a matter of concern.” 3 Now, what do you think? Do you agree that, because in today’s world masturbation is a very common thing, this makes it a natural, normal function of the body? Lying and stealing are also common today. Yet you wouldn’t say this makes them natural and proper, would you? The “common” cold is quite universal, but this certainly doesn’t mean that you want it, does it? Then what about the claim that masturbation is harmless? 4 From a physical standpoint, the majority of doctors say that occasional masturbation is harmless. Like most psychiatrists, they say that damage comes only if the practicer has feelings of guilt that cause mental and emotional disturbance, these, in turn, producing physical upset. But doctors and psychiatrists are imperfect humans, subject to error, and their views change. There is, though, a source of counsel that young people can turn to that is stable and free from error or misjudgment. That is God’s Word. And if we want, not just longer life, but everlasting life in God’s favor, we should seek his wisdom and counsel. He can do for us and for our happiness what men could never do. VIEW OF A HIGHER SOURCE 5, 6. (a) How does the counsel at Colossians 3:5 relate to masturbation? (b) Why does the Bible associate this practice with “covetousness” and “greediness”? 5 The real question, then, is, not how much physical harm could result from masturbation, but whether spiritual harm results. True, the words “masturbation” and “self-abuse” do not appear in the Bible. But what do you understand from the inspired counsel of the apostle Paul at Colossians 3:5? To those not wanting to lose God’s approval, he says: “Deaden [Do not excite], therefore, your body members that are upon the earth as respects fornication, uncleanness, sexual appetite, hurtful desire, and covetousness.” Unlike fornication, masturbation is something a person may do by himself or herself. But does that keep it from being unclean? Or is it also a giving in to, and being dominated by, “sexual appetite”? 6 Then, too, the apostle writes of those who “gave themselves over to loose conduct to work uncleanness of every sort with greediness.” (Ephesians 4:19) In his letter to the Colossians, quoted in the previous paragraph, Paul mentioned “covetousness,” and in this text, “greediness.” Really, masturbation expresses both of these undesirable qualities. How? Well, it is an expression of desiring something that does not rightly belong to one. God has provided marriage as the arrangement in which to satisfy sexual desires. But the person who practices masturbation is, in effect, trying to obtain that satisfaction without paying the price. The price is the assuming and shouldering of the responsibilities that go along with marriage. In this connection note that, when the apostle counseled persons who were ‘inflamed with passion,’ he did not tell them to seek relief through masturbation, but through God’s provision of marriage.​—1 Corinthians 7:2, 9. 7, 8. (a) If masturbation becomes a habit, how can it affect one’s prospects of a happy marriage? (b) Why would it be a mistake to view masturbation as a means to avoid serious violation of God’s law? 7 Actually, masturbation may endanger your future happiness in marriage. If a person is used to satisfying his or her passions through masturbation, this develops the habit of thinking only of one’s own pleasure and satisfaction. But in marriage there is need, especially on the part of the man, to show concern for the other person’s pleasure and satisfaction as well. Otherwise, marital relations deteriorate and there is distress and disillusionment. This very situation​—husbands thinking of their own satisfaction and disregarding their wives’ needs—​is one of the greatest problems in marriage. Much of it stems from a premarital masturbation habit. 8 “But,” some persons might ask, “what if one is too young to make marriage advisable? While postponing marriage, would not masturbation protect one against some worse violation of God’s law, such as fornication or homosexuality?” It might seem so. But is that sound reasoning? No. Masturbation weakens a healthy conscience and love for what is right, the very things that can protect one against such practices. Like drug addiction, masturbation can become something that one resorts to every time he or she feels tension of any kind and lacks the will to face up to and overcome the problems causing such tension. So it can produce a vicious cycle, eventually making a person its slave. But God says we should control our bodies, not let them control us. HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICES 9-13. (a) How does masturbation sometimes make one vulnerable to homosexual practices? Is anyone born a homosexual? (b) How does God view such practices? (c) Is it possible to break free from them? (Romans 1:24-27; Leviticus 18:22, 23; 1 Corinthians 6:9-11) 9 Weakly giving in to sexual desires by masturbation will certainly not give you strength when faced with a situation tempting you to commit fornication​—or even homosexuality. Just the opposite, it cultivates wrong thinking and wrong desire. In fact, masturbation can lead into homosexuality. In such instances the person, not satisfied with his lonely sexual activity, seeks a partner for mutual sex play. 10 This happens much more frequently than you may realize. Contrary to what many persons think, homosexuals are not born that way, but their homosexual behavior is learned. And often a person gets started when very young by playing with another’s sexual parts, and then engaging in homosexual acts. One young man relates: 11 “When I was young, I had very little parental guidance. I was allowed to go my own way, and do my ‘own thing.’ It was when I was only about eight years old that my older cousins introduced me to homosexual acts. I found these pleasurable, and so continued the practice with them and later with others. Soon it was almost a daily activity. At first I had no realization of doing anything wrong. My parents had not given me any instruction regarding moral conduct, and I never confided in them. 12 “We then lived in a Central American country. Later we moved to New York city, where I finished high school. I also continued homosexual practices. The schools and city are filled with homosexuals, so there were plenty of opportunities. As I grew older I realized that what I was doing was unnatural, and was not right. But I continued because I wanted to. These sex acts had become very enticing to me.” 13 The youth was “hooked” on the practices, and it was only after great effort that he was able to overcome them. What motivated him to change? It was a desire to please Jehovah God. When he understood that God views homosexual acts as “unnatural,” and that He totally disapproves of them, the young man fought these practices until he had conquered them. God’s Word is very clear on this matter, saying: “Make no mistake: no fornicator or idolater, none who are guilty either of adultery or of homosexual perversion . . . will possess the kingdom of God.”​—1 Corinthians 6:9, 10, The New English Bible. OVERCOMING WITH SELF-CONTROL 14-16. (a) What can be done to keep sexual desires subdued? (Philippians 4:8; 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5) (b) If you feel sexual passion building up, what can you do to get relief? (Psalm 1:1, 2; 63:6, 7) 14 What you think about has a lot to do with the way you feel and the things you do. So what do you really want? Do you want to feel disturbed by sexual desire most of the time, habitually masturbating, and perhaps even slipping into homosexual practices? This can happen if you let your mind dwell on sexual matters. But if you want to keep such sexual urge from cutting into your enjoyment of life and your really accomplishing worthwhile things, then exercise self-control and turn your mind to other matters. 15 When pictures, reading matter or other things containing sexually stimulating material come your way, do not weakly give in. If you let your mind dwell on such things or engage in conversation that revolves around them, you will pay the consequences in feeling upset and in the building up of pressure within yourself. That is because the longer you look at or talk about such things the deeper your heart becomes involved. And your heart is a major factor in moving you to act. 16 But what if, under even ordinary circumstances, you feel passion building up within you? How can you find relief? Not by resorting to masturbation, but by getting your mind, heart and body onto another track. You can do some work, engage in physical exercise, play a game or go for a walk. It is good to find someone to talk to who has your respect, even call someone like that on the phone if necessary. Reading​—even aloud—​the Bible or publications explaining the Bible is one of the finest helps. And, above all, take the problem to your heavenly Father, Jehovah God, in prayer. 17-20. (a) How might adjustments in one’s habits in relation to sleep, eating and hygiene be helpful? (b) Even if a person is having a hard struggle to do what is right, why should he not feel that his situation is hopeless? (Psalm 103:13, 14) 17 There are, of course, many additional things of a simple and sensible nature that one can do to help to avoid or reduce sexual tension. Being with others​—provided, of course, that they are wholesome persons—​is a protection. If you sleep in a room alone and you find that you seem to feel special stress in this direction at night, you may be able to arrange matters to share a room with another member of your family. Also, you may find it helpful to sleep on your side rather than on your back or face down. 18 Another thing that may be helpful is to see to it that your clothing does not unnecessarily cause friction with the sexual organs. Before retiring, try to see that what you read or talk about has a calming effect rather than the opposite. So, too, with any eating that you do at this time. Some have even found that if they limit the amount of food and drink they consume before retiring they sleep more soundly and are not so inclined to be aroused sexually. And especially important is good masculine or feminine hygiene. Lack of cleanliness can produce irritation of the genital organs and pull one’s attention in that direction. You can inquire of your parents for information on such matters of personal hygiene. 19 Proper hygiene calls for certain handling of the sex organs, and one might feel that this would be a temptation to misuse them. But because your motive is right​—with the aim of avoiding sexual tension—​you may well find that such care will instead help you to take a more healthful view toward these organs. You will appreciate that they were never meant to ‘take you over’ and rule your whole life. 20 If you are now fighting the practice of masturbation, remember: You are certainly not the first or the only one who has faced this problem. Even though you find yourself having a hard struggle to break a masturbation habit, never feel that Jehovah God and his Son Jesus Christ have given up on you. If you sincerely keep working to overcome it, they will kindly and patiently help you to build up the needed strength so that you come off victorious. [Blurb on page 39] Are homosexuals born that way, or is their behavior learned? [Picture on page 41] Does what you read matter?

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK How Can I Finish My Homework?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502019486

YOUNG PEOPLE ASK How Can I Finish My Homework? “It’s exhausting to be up at 1:00 a.m. doing homework. All you’re thinking about is going to bed.”—David. “Sometimes I was up until 4:30 a.m. studying, and then I’d get up at 6:00 a.m. to go to school. It was ridiculous!”—Theresa. Are you buried in homework? If so, this article can help you dig yourself out. Why do teachers give homework? Study tips What your peers say Why do teachers give homework? Among other things, homework . . . expands your knowledge base teaches you responsibility hones your time-management skills helps you absorb the concepts you were taught in classa “Assigning homework is a way for teachers to ensure that their students will practice what they have learned instead of just having it go in one ear and out the other.”—Marie. In particular, math and science sharpen your problem-solving skills. And that, experts say, can forge and strengthen new neural connections. So homework is like a workout for your brain! Whether you see the benefits or not, homework is a reality of life that you have to deal with. The good news is this: Even though you can’t control the amount of homework you are given, you might be able to reduce the time it takes to complete it. Let’s see how. Study tips If you are having problems getting your homework done, the solution might be, not to work harder, but to work smarter. Try the following. Study Tip 1: Plan ahead. The Bible says: “The plans of the diligent surely lead to success.” (Proverbs 21:5) Arrange to have all your study tools on hand so that you can work without having to get up. Also, choose a location that will allow you to concentrate. Some find that a quiet, well-lit room at home is ideal. Others work best outside the home, perhaps at a library. “Having an organizational tool such as a student planner can help you schedule your time wisely. When you keep track of what your assignment is and when it’s due, your life will be much less stressful.”—Richard. Study Tip 2: Organize your work. The Bible says: “Let all things take place . . . in an orderly manner.” (1 Corinthians 14:40, footnote) With that in mind, decide in which order you will tackle your assignments. Some like to start with the hardest ones. Others prefer to get the positive reinforcement, or encouragement, that comes from finishing the easier assignments first. Choose the method that works best for you. “It definitely helps to make a list so that you know what you need to do and in what order. That way you feel in control of the homework and it doesn’t seem overwhelming.”—Heidi. Study Tip 3: Get to work. The Bible says: “Be industrious, not lazy.” (Romans 12:11) Don’t let other activities—tempting as they may be—rob you of the time you need to get your homework done. Procrastinators will likely miss deadlines or rush to finish the job—and the quality of their study and their work usually suffers. You can save yourself needless anxiety and grief by simply starting on your homework as soon as you can. “When I did my homework immediately after school or started a project as soon as I got it, I didn’t have to worry about it later—and it didn’t interfere with other activities.”—Serina. SUGGESTION: Do your homework at the same time each day. That will strengthen your self-discipline and help you to be consistent. Study Tip 4: Stay focused. The Bible says: “Fix your gaze straight ahead of you.” (Proverbs 4:25) To follow that advice as you study, you need to avoid distractions—digital ones in particular. Surfing the Web and texting can double the time it takes you to finish your homework. But if you stay focused, you will likely find that you have not only less stress but also more free time. “With cell phones, computers, gaming consoles, and TV, it’s hard to focus. What helps me is to turn off my phone and unplug any other potential distractions that are nearby.”—Joel. Study Tip 5: Be balanced. The Bible says: “Let your reasonableness become known.” (Philippians 4:5) Ease homework stress by taking a break when needed. Go for a walk, ride your bike, or run. If you still feel that you are buried under an avalanche of homework, talk to your teachers. If they see that you are sincerely trying to do your best, they may be moved to make adjustments. “Don’t allow homework anxiety to push you over the edge. Put forth your best effort. Some things aren’t worth risking your sanity over, and homework is one of those things.”—Julia. Questions to ask yourself: What materials will I need for my homework? When is the best time for me to do my homework? Where will I best be able to concentrate? How can I avoid procrastination? What distractions might slow me down? How will I avoid distractions—digital or otherwise? How can I show balance in my approach to homework? IMPORTANT REMINDER: Make sure you understand what your homework assignment involves. If you have questions, ask the teacher before you leave the classroom. What your peers say “I did the easy parts of my homework first, to get the momentum going. That reduced my frustration and gave me incentive to go on, knowing that I was making progress.”—Angelique. “Even though I didn’t enjoy doing it, homework helped me learn how to manage my time and become a responsible person. In that respect, doing homework is good training for life.”—Austen. Review: How can I finish my homework? Plan ahead. Have all your study tools within reach. Choose a location that will allow you to concentrate. Organize your work. Decide the order in which you will tackle your assignments. Get to work. Be industrious; don’t procrastinate. Stay focused. Avoid distractions—digital ones in particular. Be balanced. Take a break when necessary. Don’t let homework stress push you over the edge. a Points are drawn from the book School Power, by Jeanne Schumm.

Young People Ask, Volume 1 (yp1) 2011

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp1

CHAPTER 33 What Should I Know About Smoking? Look at the following options, and put a ✔ in the box beside each item that you feel describes you. □ I’m curious □ I’m dealing with stress □ I want to fit in □ I’m concerned about my weight IF YOU checked any of the boxes on page 237, then you have something in common with your peers who smoke tobacco or have thought about it.a For example: Satisfying curiosity. “I wondered what it was like, so I took a cigarette from a girl at school and then sneaked out and smoked it.”​—Tracy. Coping with stress and fitting in. “Kids at school would say ‘I need a cigarette,’ and then afterward, ‘Phew, now I can cope!’ During stressful times, I wanted that.”​—Nikki. Losing weight. “Some girls smoke to stay thin​—it’s so much easier than dieting!”​—Samantha. But before you light your first​—or your next—​cigarette, stop and think. Don’t be like a fish striking at a baited hook. True, the fish may get a small reward, but what a price it pays! Instead, follow the Bible’s advice, and use “your clear thinking faculties.” (2 Peter 3:1) Answer the following questions. What Do You Really Know About Smoking? Mark each statement true or false. a. Smoking will reduce my stress. □ True □ False b. I would exhale almost all of the smoke. □ True □ False c. Smoking won’t affect my health until I get older. □ True □ False d. Smoking will make me more attractive to the opposite sex. □ True □ False e. If I smoke, no one is hurt but me. □ True □ False f. It doesn’t matter to God whether I smoke or not. □ True □ False Answers a. False. Although smoking temporarily relieves the stress of withdrawal symptoms, scientists have found that nicotine actually increases the level of stress hormones. b. False. Some studies indicate that over 80 percent of the cigarette smoke particles you inhale stay inside your body. c. False. While the risks increase with each cigarette you smoke, a few effects are immediate. Some people become addicted from just one cigarette. Your lung capacity will be reduced, and you’ll likely develop a persistent cough. Your skin will wrinkle more and prematurely. Smoking increases your risk of sexual dysfunction, panic attacks, and depression. d. False. Researcher Lloyd Johnston found that teens who smoke are “less attractive to the great majority of the opposite sex.” e. False. Secondhand smoke kills thousands each year; it will harm your family, your friends, and even your pets. f. False. Those who want to please God must cleanse themselves of “every defilement of flesh.” (2 Corinthians 7:1) There is no doubt that smoking defiles the body. If you choose to be unclean, harming yourself and others by using tobacco, you cannot be a friend of God.​—Matthew 22:39; Galatians 5:19-21. How to Resist So, what will you do if someone offers you a cigarette? A simple but firm response, such as “No thanks, I don’t smoke,” will often work. If the person persists or even taunts you, remember that it is your choice. You might say: ● “I checked out the risks and decided that it’s not for me.” ● “I have some important future plans that involve breathing.” ● “Are you denying my right to make a personal choice?” Like the youths quoted earlier in this chapter, though, you may find that the greatest pressure comes from inside yourself. If that’s the case, answer this ‘inner voice’ by reasoning on questions such as these: ● ‘Will I really gain benefits from smoking? For instance, if I decide to smoke just to be accepted by others, will I somehow fit in despite having little else in common with them? Do I even want to fit in with people who would be happy to see me damage my own health?’ ● ‘How much will smoking cost me in money, health problems, and loss of others’ respect?’ ● ‘Would I be willing to sell out my friendship with God for the price of a cigarette?’ What, though, if you’re already hooked? What can you do to break free? How to Quit 1. Be Convinced. Write down your reasons for quitting, and review this list regularly. A desire to be clean before God can be a powerful motive.​—Romans 12:1; Ephesians 4:17-19. 2. Get help. If you’ve been smoking in secret, now is the time to come clean. Tell those you have been hiding your smoking from that you are quitting, and ask for their support. If you want to serve God, pray for his help.​—1 John 5:14. 3. Set a quit date. Give yourself two weeks or less, and mark on your calendar the day you are determined to quit. Tell your family and friends that you are quitting on that date. 4. Search and destroy. Before you reach your quit date, scour your room, car, and clothing for any cigarettes. Destroy them. Get rid of lighters, matches, and ashtrays. 5. Deal with withdrawal symptoms. Drink plenty of fruit juice or water, and allow yourself more time for sleep. Keep in mind that the discomfort is temporary, while the benefits are permanent! 6. Avoid triggers. Stay away from situations and places where you would be tempted to smoke. You may also need to cut off social contact with associates who are smokers.​—Proverbs 13:20. Don’t Be Duped Each year, tobacco companies spend billions of dollars on advertising. Whom do they particularly target? An internal tobacco company document states: “Today’s teenager is tomorrow’s potential regular customer.” Don’t allow tobacco executives to get their hands into your pockets. Why take their bait? Neither that group nor your peers who smoke have your best interests at heart. Rather than listen to them, listen to the advice found in the Bible and learn “to benefit yourself.”​—Isaiah 48:17. IN OUR NEXT CHAPTERDo your friends pressure you to drink alcohol? Learn why you need to know your limits. [Footnote] a Although this chapter discusses those who smoke cigarettes, the problems and dangers that are highlighted also apply to those who chew tobacco. KEY SCRIPTURE “Stay away from everything that keeps our bodies . . . from being clean.”​—2 Corinthians 7:1, Contemporary English Version. TIP Avoid rationalizations, such as thinking, ‘I’ll only take one puff.’ They often lead to a full relapse.​—Jeremiah 17:9. DID YOU KNOW . . . ? Smokeless tobacco​—such as chewing tobacco—​can deliver more nicotine than cigarettes and contains some 25 cancer-causing toxins that increase the user’s risk of developing cancer of the throat and mouth. ACTION PLAN! If a schoolmate pressures me to smoke, I will ․․․․․ What I would like to ask my parent(s) about this subject is ․․․․․ WHAT DO YOU THINK? ● Even though you know the dangers, why might you still be tempted to smoke? ● What has convinced you that smoking is a bad idea? [Blurb on page 240] “When I’m offered a smoke, I just smile and say, ‘No thanks, I don’t want to get cancer.’”​—Alana [Box/​Picture on page 241] Is Marijuana Really That Bad? “Some say that using marijuana is a way to escape problems,” says Ellen, who lives in Ireland, “and that it doesn’t have any bad side effects.” Have you heard similar statements about marijuana? Compare some common myths with the facts. Myth. Marijuana is not harmful. Fact. Known or suspected lasting effects of marijuana are as follows: damaged memory, impaired ability to learn, and suppressed immune system, as well as damage to the sexual health of both males and females. It can induce anxiety attacks, psychoses, and paranoia. Children born to women who smoke marijuana are more likely to have behavioral problems, be less attentive, and have greater difficulty making decisions. Myth. Marijuana smoke is less harmful than cigarette smoke. Fact. Compared with tobacco smoke, marijuana smoke can deposit four times as much tar on your airways and carry five times as much poisonous carbon monoxide into your blood. Smoking five marijuana joints can deliver the same amount of cancer-causing toxins as an entire pack of cigarettes. Myth. Marijuana is not addictive. Fact. Teens who have mental or emotional problems can quickly become addicted to marijuana. Others can become addicted after long-term use. In addition, studies show that teens who smoke marijuana have a much greater risk of using other addictive drugs, such as cocaine. [Box/​Pictures on pages 244, 245] What Tobacco Does to Your Body Look at the healthy people portrayed in cigarette ads; then compare those images with what smoking actually does to your body. Mouth and throat Can cause cancer [Picture] Cancerous tongue Heart Hardens and narrows arteries, starves the heart of oxygen, and increases the risk of heart disease by up to four times [Picture] Clogged artery Lungs Destroys air sacs, inflames airways, and increases the risk of developing lung cancer by up to 23 times [Picture] Smoker’s lung Brain Increases the risk of stroke by up to four times Skin Can cause premature aging Teeth Causes discoloration Stomach Causes cancer Pancreas Causes cancer Bladder Causes cancer Kidneys Causes cancer [Picture on page 239] Like a fish striking at bait, a smoker gets a reward but pays a terrible price

Paradise Restored (pm) 1972

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/pm

Chapter 13 Chariots of God Safeguard Coronation 1. Are the chariots seen in Zechariah’s eighth vision those brought up from Egypt? CHARIOTS make their appearance in the eighth and final vision given to the prophet Zechariah. These chariots are not any brought up from Egypt for the protection of the temple builders at Jerusalem in that year of the vision, 519 B.C.E., or the second year of the reign of King Darius I of Persia. The higher source of these more powerful chariots is revealed in the vision. Let us watch with Zechariah as they dash on the scene: 2. From between what did the chariots come forth, how many were there, and by what kind of horses were they drawn? 2 “Then I raised my eyes again and saw; and, look! there were four chariots coming forth from between two mountains, and the mountains were copper mountains. In the first chariot were red horses; and in the second chariot, black horses. And in the third chariot there were white horses; and in the fourth chariot, horses speckled, parti-colored.”​—Zechariah 6:1-3. 3. What do the colors of the horses serve to do, and what question comes up as to the mountains? 3 We need not make guesses as to what the differentiating colors of the horses mean. The colors of the horses served to distinguish the chariots pulled by each color group. How many horses were hitched to each chariot, Zechariah does not tell us. But those two copper mountains from between which the four chariots come forth​—what do they represent? They certainly do not picture the mountain height of Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives right to its east. What they stand for becomes clear from what Zechariah is now told: 4. From where does the angel say that the chariots come forth? 4 “And I proceeded to answer and say to the angel who was speaking with me: ‘What are these, my lord?’ So the angel answered and said to me: ‘These are the four spirits of the heavens that are going forth after having taken their station before the Lord of the whole earth.’”​—Zechariah 6:4, 5. 5. Who is “the Lord of the whole earth,” and why did the four chariots take their stand before him? 5 Aha! not material war chariots from the flatlands of Egypt are these, but they are visionary chariots, symbolizing the “four spirits of the heavens that are going forth after having taken their station before the Lord of the whole earth.” And who is that “Lord of the whole earth”? (Zechariah 4:14) It is Jehovah of armies. (Micah 4:13) And where is he located? In the heavens, in his holy spiritual temple. It is before Him that these four symbolic chariots present themselves, taking their stand respectfully before Him to receive their official commission, their assignments with respect to the earth of which He is the Lord. After that they emerge from between the two symbolic copper mountains. 6. Scripturally, what do the two copper mountains picture? 6 These two mountains of copper must accordingly picture mountains of God. That is to say, governmental organizations of God. This is not surprising, for in the Holy Scriptures mountains are used as the symbols of royal governments, kingdoms. For example, God’s angel said to the Christian apostle John concerning the seven-headed wild beast that carried the harlot, Babylon the Great: “The seven heads mean seven mountains, where the woman sits on top. And there are seven kings.” (Revelation 17:9, 10) So the one copper mountain would picture the personal kingdom of Jehovah God in which he reigns as Universal Sovereign. The second copper mountain would represent the Messianic kingdom that Jehovah establishes in the hands of his only-begotten Son, Messiah Jesus. 7. (a) That second mountain was seen by Daniel in vision as coming into existence in what way? (b) When and how does the fulfillment of its work take place? 7 This second copper mountain is the one seen in a dream by King Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon just eighty-seven years before this eighth vision to Zechariah. This was at first the stone that was cut out of a large mountain without hands and that then struck and crushed the political image of Gentile domination of all mankind, after which that symbolic stone grew and became a large mountain that filled the whole earth. Explaining this mountain to be a picture of the Messianic kingdom of God’s Son, Daniel said: “In the days of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that will never be brought to ruin. And the kingdom itself will not be passed on to any other people. It will crush and put an end to all these kingdoms, and it itself will stand to times indefinite.” (Daniel 2:35, 44, 45) That Messianic kingdom was “cut out” in the year 1914 C.E., at the close of the Gentile Times, and in the oncoming “war of the great day of God the Almighty” at Har–Magedon, it will clear the earth of all these Gentile governments. 8. When did these chariots come forth from between the two symbolic mountains, and how does their being of copper comport with what they symbolize? 8 Consequently, after the Gentile Times ended in early autumn of 1914 C.E., there were two symbolic “copper mountains,” namely, Jehovah’s royal government of His universal sovereignty and the Messianic kingdom of his royal Son Jesus Christ. So it is from between these two heavenly governments that the four symbolic “chariots” come forth. Evidently they came forth in the postwar year of 1919 C.E., when the remnant of spiritual Israel was released from Babylon the Great and went to work at building up the theocratic worship of Jehovah God at his spiritual temple. Anciently, copper was a noble metal like gold and silver, and it was used in Jehovah’s sacred tabernacle of worship and also in the temple at Jerusalem. Appropriately, then, the noble quality of the copper of the two symbolic mountains represented the noble quality as well as the weighty stability of Jehovah’s kingdom of universal sovereignty and of his Messianic kingdom by his Son. 9. How is it that the four chariots are said to be the “four spirits of the heavens,” and what service do these render? 9 How can it be that the four chariots pulled by sets of horses of different colors are “the four spirits of the heavens”? (Zechariah 6:5) It is because, in the fulfillment of the prophetic vision, they are angelic spirit forces, who have access to the presence of the heavenly “Lord of the whole earth.” Jehovah is the One “making his angels spirits.” (Psalm 104:1-4; Hebrews 1:7) He being “Jehovah of armies,” he can use these angels as in a military capacity for the protection of his chosen people. As Jesus Christ said to the apostle Peter before a mob in the Garden of Gethsemane: “Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father to supply me at this moment more than twelve legions of angels?” (Matthew 26:53) Since these “four spirits of the heavens” are pictured by horse-drawn war chariots, they picture bands of heavenly angels who are commissioned by their heavenly Commander in Chief to protect His people on earth during the time of rebuilding His temple of worship at Jerusalem. 10. Where do the chariot-drawing horses go on their respective assignments? 10 Where, then, is it that (1) the red horses, (2) the black horses, (3) the white horses, and (4) the speckled, parti-colored horses go forth on assignment? In answer, the angel explained to Zechariah regarding the movements of the four chariots: “‘As for the one in which the black horses are, they are going forth to the land of the north; and as for the white ones, they must go forth to behind the sea [literally, ‘after them’; that is, to their own rear]; and as for the speckled ones, they must go forth to the land of the south. And as for the parti-colored ones, they must go forth and keep seeking where to go, in order to walk about in the earth.’ Then he said: ‘Go, walk about in the earth.’ And they began walking about in the earth.”​—Zechariah 6:6, 7.a 11. (a) Why do the red horses seem to be overlooked? (b) What assignments do the other horses respectively have, and in what behalf? 11 The “red horses” seem to be overlooked here; but this seeming oversight may be because they have already finished their assignment of military patrol duty. The black horses go to the “land of the north,” that is to say, to territory formerly that of Babylonia. The white horses go their way westward, the direction opposite from what they were facing (the sunrising). The speckled, parti-colored horses appear to have a double assignment, namely, “the land of the south” (toward Africa, including Egypt) and to reconnoiter the remaining open country, the eastern parts not covered by the other chariots. Jehovah’s angel told all the chariots to go to their assignments respecting the various quarters of the earth. Obediently they did so, to safeguard God’s people in Judah. 12. Of what force is this vision to those restoring pure worship, and what scriptures do they have in mind? 12 What a comfort such import of this vision must have been to the temple builders in Zechariah’s day! They did not have to worry about violent interference from their enemies to stop their work on the house of Jehovah’s worship. How strengthening and heartening this is, too, for the anointed remnant of spiritual Israel today while they are engaged in restoring to the fullest extent the pure, undefiled worship of the Sovereign Lord of the whole earth at his spiritual temple! They confide in the divine promise: “The angel of Jehovah is camping all around those fearing him, and he rescues them.” (Psalm 34:7) By faith they see what the eyes of the prophet Elisha’s attendant at besieged Dothan were opened miraculously to see: “The mountainous region was full of horses and war chariots of fire all around Elisha.”​—2 Kings 6:17. 13. As the chariots go forth on patrol duty, what does Jehovah say about the black horses as respects his spirit? 13 The eighth and last vision to the prophet Zechariah closes as he sees and hears Jehovah’s approval expressed as the military patrol work of the four symbolic chariots proceeds. Zechariah tells us: “And he proceeded to cry out to me and speak to me, saying: ‘See, those going forth to the land of the north are the ones that have caused the spirit of Jehovah to rest in the land of the north.’”​—Zechariah 6:8. 14. How was danger shown to exist in that “land of the north” even in the days of King Darius I of Persia? 14 The expression “the land of the north” refers to Babylonia. (Jeremiah 25:8, 9) Even during the reign of King Darius I of Persia there was danger from that quarter. As indicative of this, we read in the book “Babylon the Great Has Fallen!” God’s Kingdom Rules! page 376, the following history: . . . This is, of course, not Darius the Mede, but King Darius I the Persian, who began ruling the empire in 522 B.C. In that year Darius I had to move against Babylon and its local ruler (Nidintu-Bel), who had taken the name of Nebuchadnezzar III. Darius defeated him in battle and shortly afterward captured him and killed him at Babylon, which had tried to assert its independence. After that Darius I was recognized as king of Babylon till September, 521 B.C.E. Then Babylon revolted under the Armenian Araka, who took the name of Nebuchadnezzar IV. Thus Darius had to reconquer the Babylonians. After the city had been taken by storm that same year, he entered Babylon as conqueror. The old tradition was thus broken, namely, that Babylon’s god Bel was the one to confer on a man the right to rule that part of the earth; and Darius the conqueror ceased to acknowledge such a false claim. What a blow for Bel or Marduk! This time, after the Persians took the city, they did not deal with it leniently, as Cyrus had dealt with it.​—See also page 317, paragraph 1. 15. What was the chariot with the black horses sent to the “land of the north” thus preventing, and how did they thus cause “the spirit of Jehovah to rest in the land of the north”? 15 Thus the repatriated Jews in the land of Judah did not come again under the domination of Babylon, which had destroyed the first temple of Jehovah at Jerusalem and which “did not open the way homeward even for his prisoners.” (Isaiah 14:17) After this, also, Jehovah’s symbolic chariot that went to the “land of the north” kept the rebellious Babylonians from successfully revolting and from again enslaving the liberated Jews and interfering with the building of the second temple of Jehovah. That is how the chariot and horses going to the north already “have caused the spirit of Jehovah to rest in the land of the north.” Their faithful safeguarding work up there quieted His spirit up north and was an assurance that all the other chariots and horses in other quarters of the earth would safeguard God’s temple work. 16. What grand assurance does this give to Jehovah’s liberated witnesses? 16 How grand an assurance this is today to Jehovah’s liberated worshipers at his spiritual temple. Under protection of the symbolic chariots of Jehovah they will never again be conquered by Babylon the Great and all her political paramours! A CROWN FOR THE TEMPLE-BUILDING HIGH PRIEST 17. Zechariah is now told to come into the house of Josiah with whom from Babylon, and to do what in that place? 17 The series of eight visions on that memorable twenty-fourth day of the eleventh lunar month (Shebat) of the year 519 B.C.E. had now ended, and the prophet Zechariah was directed to events visible to the natural eye in the land of Judah. Look! Here come three new arrivals from Babylon and (as it seems) Josiah the son of Zephaniah takes them to his home in Jerusalem for entertainment. Who are those three men, and what are they bringing with them? The spirit of prophecy identifies them to Zechariah: “And the word of Jehovah continued to occur to me, saying: ‘Let there be a taking of something from the exiled people, even from Heldai and from Tobijah and from Jedaiah; and you yourself must come in that day, and you must come into the house of Josiah the son of Zephaniah with these who have come from Babylon. And you must take silver and gold and make a grand crown and put it upon the head of Joshua the son of Jehozadak the high priest.’”​—Zechariah 6:9-11. 18. Why was there no objection to Zechariah’s taking part of the silver and gold and performing a prophetic act? 18 Likely the prophet Zechariah did not use all the silver and gold that Heldai, Tobijah and Jedaiah, as a delegation, brought as a contribution from the Jews still in exile in Babylon. Although these three men from Babylon were not directed by the senders to give the silver and gold to Zechariah, yet there could be no objection to his taking part of it at the command of Jehovah of armies, forasmuch as the silver and gold were really contributed to Him in behalf of the restoration work under Governor Zerubbabel. With what Zechariah took, he was to perform a prophetic act, as an encouragement to the restoration work. 19. What was Zechariah to make and then do with it? 19 With what precious metal he took, Zechariah was to make a “grand crown” (literally, “make crowns,” but evidently the plural noun being used in the sense of grandeur). What Zechariah made he was to put upon the head of High Priest Joshua. What did it mean? 20. (a) What was the one called Sprout to build, and where would that one rule? (b) What was to become of the golden crown that was made? 20 Let us listen to what Zechariah is told to say to Joshua: “And you must say to him, ‘This is what Jehovah of armies has said: “Here is the man whose name is Sprout. And from his own place he will sprout, and he will certainly build the temple of Jehovah. And he himself will build the temple of Jehovah, and he, for his part, will carry the dignity; and he must sit down and rule on his throne, and he must become a priest upon his throne, and the very counsel of peace will prove to be between both of them. And the grand crown itself will come to belong to Helem [or, Heldai] and to Tobijah and to Jedaiah and to Hen [or, Josiah] the son of Zephaniah as a memorial in the temple of Jehovah. And those who are far away will come and actually build in the temple of Jehovah.”’”​—Zechariah 6:12-15. 21. Why was it fitting that High Priest Joshua be the one crowned, and not Governor Zerubbabel? 21 In the fourth vision to Zechariah he had been told to say to High Priest Joshua: “Here I am bringing in my servant Sprout!” (Zechariah 3:8) In Jeremiah 23:5 the foretold Sprout is said to be raised up to King David of the house of Judah, not to a high priest of the house of Levi. Yet it was appropriate for Zechariah to put the golden crown upon the head of High Priest Joshua instead of upon the head of Governor Zerubbabel. Why? Because, concerning Sprout, it was said: “He must sit down and rule on his throne, and he must become a priest upon his throne.” (Zechariah 6:13) Here the Greek Septuagint Version reads differently, saying: “And there shall be a priest on his right hand”; and a number of modern Bible translators take that reading instead of the Hebrew and Syriac. The crowning of High Priest Joshua instead of Governor Zerubbabel would not arouse the fears of King Darius I of Persia that a Jewish revolt was being set forward. No, the kingdom of David was not being restored at that time, but it had to wait until the end of the Gentile Times in 1914 C.E.​—Luke 21:20-24. 22. Did Joshua the son of Jehozadak sit upon a throne and rule as priest-king, and, in the light of that, what is the application and fulfillment of the prophecy? 22 High Priest Joshua did have part with Governor Zerubbabel in finishing the building of the second temple of Jehovah at Jerusalem and he witnessed its inauguration. He did not, however, personally rule as a crowned Priest-King upon a throne in Jerusalem. Neither did Governor Zerubbabel do so. But the anointed High Priest Joshua was a type or prophetic figure of the Messiah, the Christ, and in this latter one the prophecy concerning Sprout is fully realized. The Messiah, the Son of God, Jesus Christ, does become a Priest-King, in heaven, at the right hand of Jehovah God. He fulfills what was foreshadowed in ancient Melchizedek, who was both king of Salem and priest of the Most High God at the same time. Since the end of the Gentile Times in 1914 C.E., he reigns in the heavens as a King-Priest, like Melchizedek, and now rules and goes subduing in the midst of his enemies.​—Psalm 110:1-6. 23. (a) Is there any conflict between Jesus’ office of High Priest and his office of King? (b) For whom does he bear the “dignity” worthily, and for what work will Jehovah give him credit? 23 The Messiah Jesus, crowned in 1914 C.E., is no imitator of the religious clergy of Christendom who meddle in worldly politics and try to boss the resentful politicians. There is no conflict between his office of heavenly High Priest and his office of Messianic King. As it is written, “the very counsel of peace will prove to be between both of them.” (Zechariah 6:13) He worthily carries “the dignity” conferred upon him by the God for whom he is High Priest. (Hebrews 5:4-6) From his royal throne in the heavens he has carried forward the temple work at the earth since the year 1919 C.E. among the liberated remnant of his anointed spiritual underpriests. As in the case of High Priest Joshua in rebuilding Jehovah’s temple at Jerusalem, Jesus Christ the heavenly High Priest will bring the temple work to completion. With this honor he will rightly be credited by his God. 24. The use of the crown from the gold contributed by the three from Babylon and (indirectly) by Josiah indicates what for those contributing to the temple work? 24 In that spiritual temple of the Most High God those who have contributed toward the temple work will be given due remembrance. Their part will not be allowed to be forgotten, just as the crown made from the gold brought by Helem (Heldai, in the Syriac), Tobijah and Jedaiah and, indirectly by their hospitable host, Hen (Josiah, Syriac), served as a “memorial in the temple of Jehovah.” (Zechariah 6:14) It will linger in Jehovah’s memory. 25. The coming of the three men from Babylon with a contribution was, seemingly, a forerunner of what according to the next words said? 25 The coming of Heldai, Tobijah and Jedaiah from Babylon to make or deliver a contribution in support of the temple rebuilding seemed to be the forerunner of something bigger. This is indicated by Jehovah’s words uttered immediately after speaking of the temple memorial of those three exiles from Babylon: “And those who are far away will come and actually build in the temple of Jehovah.” (Zechariah 6:15) Doubtless, although unreported, many Jews did leave exile in Babylon and come to Jerusalem just to lend a helping hand in the second temple at Jerusalem. 26. How has this prophecy been fulfilled since 1919 C.E.? 26 Likewise, after 1919 C.E., many who desired to worship Jehovah left Babylon the Great with a particular object in view. This object they carried out in that they dedicated themselves to Jehovah as God and got baptized in water as commanded by Jesus Christ and they joined the anointed remnant that had survived the affliction of Jehovah’s people during World War I. Jehovah God accepted their dedication through Christ and begot them by his spirit, thus adding them to the remnant of spiritual Israelites engaged in temple work. They have seized this blessed opportunity before temple work is over! 27, 28. What may be said as to whether the “great crowd” of worshipers who are not spiritual Israelites come under the fulfillment of Zechariah 6:15? 27 What, also, is to be said of the “great crowd” of those who do not become spiritual Israelites, but who join with the anointed remnant in the worship of Jehovah God and give support to the remnant in the temple work? The last book of the Holy Bible, at Revelation 7:9-17, foresaw an unnumbered “great crowd” of such fellow worshipers of the only living and true God. These acknowledge him as the enthroned Sovereign of the universe. They accept the sin offering of his sacrificial Lamb, Jesus Christ. In expression of this they dedicate themselves to Jehovah through Christ and testify to this by water baptism. Then they render what sacred service they are assigned to do in the earthly courtyard of Jehovah’s spiritual temple. They get inside the walls that surround the courtyards and that separate those courtyards from the profane things on the outside. 28 They do this now, before the coming “great tribulation” breaks upon Babylon the Great and all the rest of this worldly system of things. They thus get in ahead of the finishing of the temple work by that momentous time. Jehovah will not forget their part. He will memorialize it with a reward. 29. What accomplishment in 515 B.C.E. proved that Zechariah had been sent by Jehovah? 29 At the completion of the second temple in Jerusalem in 515 B.C.E., the Jewish remnant and the proselytes in the land of Judah had finalizing proof that Zechariah was God-sent as a true prophet. Not in vain had the words been said to Zechariah: “And you people will have to know that Jehovah of armies himself has sent me to you. And it must occur​—if you will without fail listen to the voice of Jehovah your God.”​—Zechariah 6:15. 30. As in Zechariah’s day, if we listen to Jehovah’s voice we shall witness what event and we shall come to the fullness of what knowledge? 30 In our case today it is the same. It all depends upon whether we listen to the voice of Jehovah as our God. If we do, we shall be privileged to witness the triumphant finish of the temple work, with honor to the crowned Priest-King Jesus Christ. We shall come to the fullness of the knowledge that Jehovah of armies sent the prophet Zechariah and that He gave us in advance a correct understanding of Zechariah’s prophecy for our benefit and joy. Jehovah’s four symbolic chariots have patrolled all the earth to safeguard the spiritual estate of the worshipers at his temple. Under their safeguarding our work comes to completion! [Footnotes] a The Bible footnote on “Behind the sea” says: “By a slight change in M [the Masoretic Hebrew text]. Literally, ‘after them,’ LXXVg; not in the same direction, but toward the west, toward the Great Sea, the Mediterranean.”

They Offered Themselves Willingly—In Bulgaria

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/500200109

They Offered Themselves Willingly—In Bulgaria Jehovah’s Witnesses in Bulgaria are busy teaching others the truth about God and his Word, the Bible. To assist them, hundreds of Witnesses from other lands have moved to Bulgaria since the year 2000. What are the challenges of making a move to preach in a foreign land? Why is it worth the effort? Here are some thoughts from those who have moved to Bulgaria. Setting the Goal “It had always been our goal to serve abroad where the need is greater,” said Darren, who lived in England. “After I married Dawn, we moved to London to help with teaching the Bible in the Russian language. A few times, we made specific plans to move abroad, but for various reasons we were not able to go. We had almost given up on the idea, but then a friend helped us see that our circumstances had changed and our goal was within our reach.” Darren and Dawn started looking for a country where there was a greater need for Bible teachers and where they could realistically move. In 2011, they moved to Bulgaria. Darren and Dawn The joyful example of those who moved to other parts of the world encouraged some who did not initially have the goal of serving abroad. “I met zealous Witnesses who were happily serving in South America and in Africa,” said Giada, who lived in Italy with her husband, Luca. “I was deeply touched by their joy and the experiences they shared. This helped me adjust my spiritual goals.” Luca and Giada Tomasz and Veronika moved from the Czech Republic to Bulgaria in 2015, along with their two children, Klara and Mathias. What motivated them to make the move? Tomasz answered: “We closely considered the example of others who had moved abroad, including relatives, and meditated on some of their experiences. We were touched by their joy, and we talked about it together at home.” The members of this happy family now preach in their new territory in the Bulgarian city of Montana. Klara, Tomasz, Veronika, and Mathias Linda is another Witness who moved to Bulgaria. She said: “Many years ago I visited Ecuador and met some who had moved there to preach. That made me think that maybe one day I too could serve where the need was great.” Petteri and Nadja, a couple from Finland, also meditated on the example of others. They said: “In our home congregation, we had some experienced publishers who had moved to other places to help people spiritually. They always spoke enthusiastically about the years spent in that kind of service. They said that those were the best years of their lives.” Linda Nadja and Petteri Advance Planning Good planning is vital for those who want to serve abroad. (Luke 14:28-30) “When I started to think more seriously about serving in another country,” recalled Nele, from Belgium, “I prayerfully started to look for relevant articles in our publications. I studied them and tried to figure out what points I needed to work on.” Nele (right) Kristian and Irmina, from Poland, have lived in Bulgaria for more than nine years. They realize how helpful it was for them to have attended a Bulgarian-speaking group in Poland before moving. The group encouraged them and helped them learn the language. Kristian and Irmina said: “We came to realize how wonderful it is to make yourself available and to see how Jehovah God takes care of your needs. When you willingly tell Jehovah, ‘Here I am! Send me!’ then you can do things you never even thought possible.”—Isaiah 6:8. Kristian and Irmina In order to get prepared and to save money, Reto and Cornelia, a couple from Switzerland, decided to live a simpler life. “A year before moving,” they explained, “we went to Bulgaria for one week to get a clearer picture of what the country was like. There we spoke to experienced missionaries who gave us practical advice.” Reto and Cornelia made good use of those suggestions and have now been in Bulgaria for more than 20 years. Cornelia and Reto, with their sons Luca and Yannik Coping With Challenges Those who move to a foreign country have to adapt to new and perhaps challenging circumstances. (Acts 16:9, 10; 1 Corinthians 9:19-23) A major obstacle for many is learning a new language. “We always enjoyed sharing heartfelt comments at Christian meetings,” said Luca, mentioned earlier. “For a while, however, it was hard for me and my wife to prepare even one very simple comment in Bulgarian! It was like being children again. In fact, the native children’s comments were far better than ours.” Ravil, from Germany, said: “Learning the language was tiring. But I kept thinking, ‘Don’t take yourself too seriously, and keep a sense of humor when you make mistakes.’ I look at the challenges, not as a problem, but as part of my sacred service to Jehovah.” Ravil and Lilly Linda, mentioned earlier, said: “I don’t have a knack for learning languages. Bulgarian is not easy to learn, and I’ve thought many times of giving up. You feel lonely when you can’t speak to people and don’t understand what they are saying. To keep my spirituality strong, I studied everything in Swedish. Finally, with the help of my dear brothers and sisters, I was able to overcome the language barrier.” Overcoming homesickness can be another challenge. Those who move leave dear relatives and friends at home. “Initially, I felt lonely,” said Eva, who moved to Bulgaria with her husband, Yannis. “To cope with that, we regularly communicate with our friends and family back home, and we made new friends here.” Yannis and Eva There are other challenges. Robert and Liana, who moved from Switzerland, explained: “The language, together with the culture, was a big challenge for us, and we were not prepared for the very cold winters here.” However, remaining positive and keeping a sense of humor has helped this couple to serve in Bulgaria faithfully for the past 14 years. Robert and Liana The Blessings Lilly warmly recommends preaching where there is a great need. “I have been able to get to know Jehovah in a way that perhaps I could not have in my home country,” she said. “I can be busier helping others, and this helps me grow spiritually and gives me joy and satisfaction.” Ravil, her husband, agrees. He said: “This is the best life, a unique opportunity to get to know zealous Christians from different countries who have much experience teaching Bible truths. I have learned a lot from them.” The willing spirit and availability of many has resulted in the successful preaching of the “good news of the Kingdom . . . in all the inhabited earth.” (Matthew 24:14) With their volunteer spirit, those who have come to Bulgaria have seen how Jehovah has granted the desires of their hearts and given success to all their plans.—Psalm 20:1-4.

Young People Ask, Volume 2 (yp2) 2008

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp2

SECTION 2 Life Changes Are you unhappy with the way your body is developing? □ Yes □ No Have the changes of puberty left you feeling alone, confused, or afraid? □ Yes □ No Do thoughts about the opposite sex tend to consume your waking hours? □ Yes □ No If you checked “yes” in response to any of the above questions, relax​—it doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with you! The fact is, the physical and emotional changes of adolescence can leave you feeling ecstatic and depressed and every emotion in between. Sure, you always wanted to be an adult, but now that the process has begun, it can be scary! Chapters 6-8 will help you deal with life changes. [Full-page picture on page 56, 57]

Table of outputs

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2022002

Table of outputs 3 We Can Conquer Hatred! 4 Why Such a Cycle of Hatred? 6 How to Break the Cycle of Hatred 1 | Be Impartial 2 | Do Not Seek Revenge 3 | Get Hatred Out of Your Mind 4 | Conquer Hatred With God’s Help 14 When Hatred Will Be Gone Forever! 16 Victims of Hatred Everywhere

HOW YOUR DONATIONS ARE USED Making Kingdom Halls Safe During COVID-19

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502500220

HOW YOUR DONATIONS ARE USED Making Kingdom Halls Safe During COVID-19 OCTOBER 1, 2022 “The Governing Body has decided that barring any local governmental restrictions, we will encourage all congregations to begin holding in-person meetings the week of April 1.” That announcement, posted on jw.org in early March 2022, thrilled Jehovah’s Witnesses worldwide. But the COVID-19 pandemic was not over.a What modifications, supplies, and equipment were needed to protect meeting attendees from the virus? After some two years without in-person meetings, would our Kingdom Halls be ready? Actually, our brothers had already been preparing for many months to resume meetings at Kingdom Halls. Different Needs, Different Solutions Only one month after in-person meetings were suspended in 2020, the Worldwide Design/Construction Department (WDC), in Warwick, New York, began analyzing how COVID-19 would affect the way we use our Kingdom Halls and what steps were needed to make our meeting places safe. What was needed in one part of the world often differed from what was needed elsewhere. Matthew De Sanctis, who works with WDC, explains: “In some lands, one issue is a lack of handwashing facilities. When Kingdom Halls have no running water, water needs to be purchased or carried from a local river or well. In other countries, some governments adjusted their requirements regarding air-conditioning, air exchange, and signage about health and hygiene.” How did our brothers meet those challenges? They found that for many Kingdom Halls, “simple, low-cost solutions proved to be very effective,” says Matthew. In Papua New Guinea, for example, basic handwashing stations were set up using 20-liter (5.3-gal) plastic buckets fitted with taps. Our brothers were thus able to equip a typical rural Kingdom Hall for only $40 (U.S.). For Kingdom Halls in Africa, over 6,000 high-quality handwashing stations were purchased from a supplier in Asia. Parents set a good example for their children in hygiene Other adjustments included installing or modifying fans and air-exchange units to improve Kingdom Hall ventilation. Many congregations purchased boom poles for roving microphones so that the microphones would not have to be passed from hand to hand. Efforts were made to minimize and regularly sanitize touch points, such as door handles and faucets, which can transmit viruses. In their restrooms, some congregations installed sensor taps, which turn on automatically. In Chile, implementing the needed changes cost an average of $1,400 (U.S.) for each Kingdom Hall. Microphones were not passed from hand to hand While giving priority to making Kingdom Halls safe, our brothers also endeavored to conserve donated funds. In some lands, for example, they took advantage of tax exemptions for handwashing stations and boom poles. Branch offices collaborated to save funds by buying supplies in larger volume than usual. Branches and the Global Purchasing Department often arranged to purchase items directly from manufacturers, thus reducing not only the price but also the delivery times. A sanitizing station “The Sense of Security I Needed” The arrangements to make Kingdom Halls safer have protected and reassured those who began attending meetings in person. Dulcine, a sister in Peru, admits that she was “a little scared” when she learned that we would be returning to the Kingdom Hall. “I got COVID-19 soon after the pandemic began,” she says. “So I felt uneasy about going to the Kingdom Hall, knowing that I could be exposed to the virus again. But when I arrived at the Kingdom Hall, I noticed that the elders had implemented many safety measures, such as the use of hand-sanitizing stations and microphone boom poles, as well as a program to disinfect the hall before and after each meeting. All this gave me the sense of security I needed.”b Disinfecting a Kingdom Hall Sara, a sister in Zambia, faced a different challenge. She explains: “Several months ago, my husband died from COVID-19. I worried about how I was going to feel when I attended an in-person meeting for the first time without him.” How did things turn out for her? She says: “In-person meetings have proved to me that Jehovah is with us during these last days. Now, even more than before, I feel that I get the encouragement, warmth, and support I need from the elders and the rest of my brothers and sisters.” Joyful to be meeting in person again Our dear fellow worshippers around the world are grateful for the opportunity to return to their Kingdom Halls. Thank you for your donations, many of which were made via donate.jw.org. These donations helped us ensure that centers of pure worship are both comfortable and safe places to meet together. a Where possible, those who needed to continue attending meetings by videoconferencing or by telephone were able to do so. b In addition, all were strongly encouraged to wear a mask when attending meetings at the Kingdom Hall.

Table of outputs

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2013001

Table of outputs January 1, 2013 © 2013 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. All rights reserved. COVER SUBJECT: SHOULD YOU FEAR THE END OF THE WORLD? The End of the World​—Fear, Fascination, and Frustration 4 ALSO IN THIS ISSUE To Our Readers 3 Draw Close to God​—“You Have . . . Revealed Them to Babes” 9 The Bible Changes Lives 10 Imitate Their Faith​—“He, Although He Died, Yet Speaks” 12 Bible Questions Answered 16 READ MORE ONLINE | www.jw.org FOR YOUNG PEOPLE​—Beware of Jealousy! Learn what happened when Miriam and Aaron became jealous of their younger brother, Moses. (Look under BIBLE TEACHINGS/​TEENAGERS) MY BIBLE LESSONS Help young children learn the importance of saying “thank you.” (Look under BIBLE TEACHINGS/​CHILDREN)

Good News (gh) 1976

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/gh

Chapter 21 God Makes “All Things New” 1. What does it mean to “know” God and Christ? (John 1:14, 18) OUR knowing Jehovah, the Sovereign Lord of the Universe, will result in everlasting blessings. As Jesus said in prayer to Jehovah: “This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ.” (John 17:3) But this includes much more than just having head knowledge. It requires our learning about God and his magnificent attributes and works, and our really appreciating in our hearts the grand privilege of coming into a happy relationship with him on the basis of the atoning sacrifice of his Son, Jesus Christ. 2. How should knowledge of Jehovah’s purposes move us? (Psalm 112:1) 2 Having learned the “good news” of Jehovah’s purpose to rid the universe of all wickedness and to bring this earth once more into a clean, peaceful, happy condition, do you not feel moved to praise and thank him? You should! What a joy it is to see his purposes unfolding and to know that we can share therein! GLAD TIMES AHEAD! 3. Why does heaven rejoice to see false religion devastated? (Deuteronomy 32:43) 3 The day fast approaches when Jehovah will give the decree to execute the world empire of Babylonish false religion. Her devastation will come quickly, as though “in one hour.” Some former supporters may weep over her, saying, “Too bad, too bad,” but those who have been distressed by the reproach she has cast on God’s name will rejoice: “Be glad over her, O heaven, also you holy ones and you apostles and you prophets, because God has judicially exacted punishment for you from her!”​—Revelation 18:19, 20. 4. Why will the “great tribulation” be reason for God-fearing humans to rejoice? (Luke 21:28) 4 But that is not all! The “great tribulation” will continue to sweep “from nation to nation, . . . from one end of the earth clear to the other end of the earth,” bringing annihilation to all the wicked. (Jeremiah 25:32, 33) That storm of destruction will come with startling suddenness, “just as it occurred in the days of Noah,” and it will be brief. So great will be the “tribulation” that unless Jehovah “cut short the days, no flesh would be saved.” The entire universe will be swept clean of those who have disputed the righteousness and rightness of Jehovah’s sovereignty over his creatures. That, indeed, will be reason for rejoicing!​—Luke 17:26, 27; Mark 13:19, 20. “BE JOYFUL FOREVER” 5. (a) What former “heavens” over mankind will be removed? (2 Peter 3:7) (b) What permanent arrangement will then bring joy to God’s people? (Isaiah 32:1) 5 With the subtle influence of Satan and his demons removed, and with man-rule no longer bearing down like an oppressive “heavens” over the earth, the “great crowd” of survivors will work at cultivating a paradise of beauty to the ends of the earth. They will “offer themselves willingly” for this task, just as they do in God’s service today. (Psalm 110:3) Also, they will have help from God’s arrangement for that time, the “new heavens and a new earth,” which Jehovah is even now creating. He invites us: “Exult, you people, and be joyful forever in what I am creating. For here I am creating Jerusalem [the heavenly kingdom] a cause for joyfulness and her people a cause for exultation.” (Isaiah 65:17, 18) “The new heavens” will be a permanent, loving arrangement for administering the affairs of “the new earth”​—an eternal blessing to Jehovah’s “people” and their “offspring.”​—Isaiah 66:22. 6. (a) Who is the “bride” of the “Lamb,” and how does she share in blessing mankind? (Revelation 19:6, 7) (b) What happy relationship will man then enjoy with God? (Psalm 86:9, 10) 6 What joy usually accompanies a wedding! And when the once-sacrificed “Lamb,” now the enthroned Jesus Christ in heaven, is united there with his “bride”​—the resurrected 144,000 members of the “little flock” of overcomers—​joy will know no bounds! This spiritual “bride” class is beautifully described in the closing chapters of the Bible as part of the “new heavens” that showers blessings on the “new earth,” the righteous, visible society of mankind. She is spoken of as “the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,” not physically, but in the sense of turning attention to the human family on earth and healing them. Thus earth’s peoples will come into a most happy relationship with God: “God . . . will reside with them, and they will be his peoples. And God himself will be with them. And he will wipe out every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, neither will mourning nor outcry nor pain be anymore. The former things have passed away.”​—Revelation 21:1-4. 7. Why are these grand promises sure of fulfillment? (Joshua 21:45) 7 “Unbelievable,” you say? No, it is completely believable! It is certain to come! For all the prophecies of the Bible, starting from God’s promise in Eden six thousand years ago, focus on the events of this present day, when God’s sovereignty is to be completely vindicated through his Messianic “seed.” All of his grand purpose must be accomplished for the blessing of those out of “all nations” who come to serve him in integrity.​—Genesis 22:18. 8. Why will the resurrection be a time of joy? (Proverbs 10:22) 8 And what of God’s stated purpose to resurrect out of gravedom the billions of human dead? Are we to say that this is unbelievable? No, for Jesus himself assures us: “Do not marvel at this, because the hour is coming in which all those in the memorial tombs will hear [Jesus’] voice and come out . . . to a resurrection.” (John 5:28, 29) What cries of joy will accompany the reunions then to take place in the paradise earth! And what happiness there will be in educating these restored ones concerning God’s spiritual paradise! “Scrolls” of instruction will be provided, and these will help them to perform right “deeds,” leading to their names remaining written in “the book of life”!​—Revelation 20:11-15. 9. Why can we be sure that Jehovah will make “all things new”? (Isaiah 55:11) 9 Jehovah himself declares: “Look! I am making all things new.” What a heartwarming promise! Does the apostle John hesitate to record such amazing things? Jehovah reassures him, saying: “Write, because these words are faithful and true.” They are as good as accomplished already, for Jehovah adds: “They have come to pass!”​—Revelation 21:5, 6; Romans 4:17. 10. How will “spaceship earth” look at the end of God’s ‘rest day’? (Psalm 104:1, 24) 10 A thousand years of glorious restoration, rejuvenation and rejoicing lie just ahead for mankind. And what a marvelous spectacle the earth will present at the end of that thousand-year rule by Jesus and his heavenly “bride”! Physically, morally, spiritually​—the globe and its billions of human inhabitants will sparkle as a gem in the heavens to the glory of its Creator. Never will “spaceship earth” have looked more magnificent than at the end of Jehovah’s great ‘rest day.’​—Genesis 2:2, 3. 11. What happens at the end of Christ’s thousand-year kingdom? (Revelation 15:3, 4) 11 Then, having “brought to nothing” all effects of death due to Adam’s sin, Jesus obediently “hands over the kingdom to his God and Father.” All mankind, at the end of the thousand years, will now stand directly responsible to Jehovah for their future course as perfect human creatures “in God’s image.” (1 Corinthians 15:24-26; Genesis 1:27) For a short season, “Satan will be let loose out of his prison” to test that perfected world of mankind, as to their choice of God’s everlasting sovereignty. Then Satan and his demons, together with any individual humans who choose to follow him, will be hurled into “the lake of fire”​—a symbol of “the second death,” from which there is no resurrection.​—Revelation 20:7-10, 14. AWAITING GOD’S PROMISE 12. How should we exert ourselves while awaiting fulfillment of God’s promise? (1 Corinthians 15:58) 12 With joy we await the earth-wide rule of “new heavens and a new earth.” But we should not be idle! As the apostle Peter tells us: “There are new heavens and a new earth that we are awaiting according to his promise, and in these righteousness is to dwell. Hence, beloved ones, since you are awaiting these things, do your utmost to be found finally by him spotless and unblemished and in peace.” (2 Peter 3:13, 14) We cannot afford to have any “spots” showing on us due to sharing in the practices of false religion or the immoralities of the world. We cannot permit any disfigurements in our new Christlike personalities. We must be at peace with Jehovah, and with one another. This oneness we can demonstrate by standing firmly for Jehovah’s sovereignty and by encouraging one another to “keep on the watch.” And why? “Because at an hour that you do not think to be it, the Son of man [Jesus Christ] is coming” to execute judgment on the old system of things and to bring in the new.​—Matthew 24:42-44. 13. (a) What special joy may Jehovah’s people have now? (b) Why is the “good news of the kingdom” the grandest of good news? 13 This is the marvelous “good news of the kingdom”! What joy all of Jehovah’s people now have in proclaiming it “in all the inhabited earth for a witness to all the nations”! (Matthew 24:14) Surely, it is the grandest of good news! And in the paradise earth, as Jehovah continues to use Christ’s kingdom in making “all things new,” good news will abound for mankind. Truly, “all the families of the earth will be blessed”! (Acts 3:25) What rejoicing there will be as all peoples pursue a real purpose in life under a heavenly kingdom administered by rulers who extol Jehovah as “Sovereign Lord” and who really understand and care for mankind! (Revelation 6:10) This is indeed “the glorious good news of the happy God.” It is good news to make you happy. [Picture on page 184] God will cleanse the earth, wiping away all wickedness and sorrow [Picture on page 187] When God makes “all things new,” everything on earth will again bring honor to the Creator [Picture on page 189] “The glorious good news of the happy God” is provided to make YOU happy! [Picture on page 190] HOLY BIBLE

KEEP ON THE WATCH! Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Holocaust—What Does the Bible Say?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/501100066

KEEP ON THE WATCH! Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Holocaust—What Does the Bible Say? On January 27, 2023, many people will observe International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The atrocities that occurred over 75 years ago may cause you to wonder why God allowed the Holocaust to happen. To find out what the Bible says, read the article “Why Did the Holocaust Happen? Why Didn’t God Stop It?” The Jewish people suffered terribly as victims of the Holocaust. Millions were systematically murdered. Members of other groups were also targeted and killed during the time of the Holocaust. Among them were Jehovah’s Witnesses, who were persecuted for their Bible-based beliefs. To learn more, read the article “What Happened to Jehovah’s Witnesses During the Time of the Holocaust?” “A future and a hope” Many people fear that an event such as the Holocaust could occur again. Thankfully, the Bible points to a future when such tragedies will no longer happen. “‘For I well know the thoughts that I am thinking toward you,’ declares Jehovah, ‘thoughts of peace, and not of calamity, to give you a future and a hope.’”—Jeremiah 29:11.a This hope will be realized when Jehovah God acts to end evil and undo the damage that it has caused. He will soon: Remove those who wickedly harm others.—Proverbs 2:22. Heal all those who have suffered.—Revelation 21:4. Bring those who have died back to life on earth.—John 5:28, 29. You can trust the comforting hope that the Bible provides. To learn why, we invite you to try our free guided Bible study course. a Jehovah is the personal name of God.—Psalm 83:18.

Table of outputs

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2017240

Table of outputs 3 They Offered Themselves Willingly WEEK OF FEBRUARY 27, 2017–MARCH 5, 2017 7 “Trust in Jehovah and Do What Is Good” This article discusses how our yeartext for 2017 encourages us to look to Jehovah for help when faced with challenges. Using faithful examples from the past, we will examine how we can trust in Jehovah to support us while taking whatever action we can to solve problems and help others. WEEK OF MARCH 6-12, 2017 12 Treasure Your Gift of Free Will In this article, we will learn how to treasure God’s gift of free will by using it in a way that pleases the Giver of that gift. It will also help us to see how we can respect the way that others exercise their gift of free will. WEEK OF MARCH 13-19, 2017 17 Why Modesty Still Matters WEEK OF MARCH 20-26, 2017 22 You Can Remain Modest Under Test These articles will help us to understand better the desirable quality of modesty. The first article explains what modesty is and what it is not. The second article teaches us how to remain modest even when we are under test. WEEK OF MARCH 27, 2017–APRIL 2, 2017 27 “These Things Entrust to Faithful Men” As one generation replaces another, younger ones take on the work of older ones. This article discusses how both young and old can successfully make the transition. 32 Did You Know?

Paradise Restored (pm) 1972

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/pm

Subject Index A Anarchy, collapse for organized society, reason, 309, 310, 314 Angels, guidance of, in gathering “holy nation,” 245 holy, pictured, 127, 128 reapers, 101, 102, 104, 362 Anointed remnant, antitypical “house of Judah,” 288 garments befouled, 182, 183 serve notice on Christendom’s leaders, 288-291 united, how? 293-295 B Babylon, no homeward way for prisoners, 228 Babylon the Great, call to come out, 277, 299 world empire of false religion, 105, 121, 220, 258, 299 Ban, building, challenged by Jehovah, 32-36 “Bible Students Monthly, The,” on clergy blamed for war, 307, 308 “Blessed Are the Fearless,” Part I, Part II, 50 “Bowl causing reeling to all the peoples,” meaning, 331-333 “Burdensome stone,” Kingdom right becomes, to nations, 334-336 C Capital organization, God’s purpose to set up, 149-153 “Challenge, A,” declaration, 1922 C.E., 167 Change of garments was necessary, how, 179-185 Chariots, four, explained, 222-224 “Charming” headstone, meaning, 198-201 Christian witnesses, persecuted 1914-1918 C.E., 137, 138 ‘City captured,’ explained, 370-374 City of divine favor, nations go to, 239-258 Cleansing, law, 108-110 Clergy, could have prevented war, 307, 308 “Congregation of the firstborn,” identified, 330, 331 Consequences of rejecting God’s shepherd ruler, 302-328 Convention, Cedar Point, Ohio, 1919 C.E., 50, 51, 102, 202, 298 Cedar Point, Ohio, 1922 C.E., 111 Detroit, Mich., 1928, 300 Washington, D.C., 1935, 78 Covenant, broken, proof, 310-314 Crown for the temple-building high priest, 228-233 Curse on ground, how long? 17, 18 Cyrus, issued decree, 28-32 overthrew Babylon, 131, 132, 296 D Darius I, acts on rebuilding, 126 acts on rebuilding ban, 196-198 Darius the Mede, not Darius the Persian king, 25, 26 Dates, 2370 B.C.E., Flood, 284 1513 B.C.E., Mt. Sinai shaken, 59 997 B.C.E., revolt of ten tribes, 291, 292 740 B.C.E., ten-tribe kingdom overthrown, 291, 292, 296 607 B.C.E., Jerusalem destroyed, 28, 136, 162, 252, 291 539 B.C.E., Babylon overthrown, 24, 25, 131, 132, 162, 164, 296 537 B.C.E., exiles returned, 35, 92, 195, 241, 277, 278 536 B.C.E., foundation of temple laid, 33, 55, 92 515 B.C.E., inauguration of rebuilt temple, 61 455 B.C.E., Nehemiah rebuilt wall, 155, 158 29 C.E., Jesus baptized, anointed, 87, 389 33 C.E., death of Jesus, 87, 347, 367 33 C.E., Jesus resurrected, 87, 341 33 C.E., Jesus’ triumphant ride, 275, 276, 367 33 C.E., Shepherd struck, 355-358 36 C.E., conversion of Cornelius, 267 70 C.E., Jerusalem destroyed, 62, 90, 144, 155, 159, 325, 330, 348, 371 1879 C.E., “Watch Tower,” statement on funds, 83 1914 C.E., Gentile Times end, 46, 69, 71, 72, 100, 105, 122, 137, 169, 224, 254, 270, 274, 289 1914 C.E., Kingdom established, 167, 280, 368, 369, 378 1914-1918 C.E., World War I, 61, 99, 114, 139, 273, 348 1918 C.E., seven members of Governing Body arrested, 370, 371 1918 C.E., work of symbolic “two witnesses” killed, 46, 47 1919 C.E., call to remnant, 158-161, 277 1919 C.E., fall of Babylon the Great, 297 1919 C.E., League adopted, 166, 280, 333, 334 1919 C.E., remnant restored, 121, 243 1919 C.E., witnesses “resurrected,” 169-171 1920 C.E., “The Golden Age,” No. 27, published, 371 1922-1928 C.E., judicial decisions of Jehovah, 167, 168 1931 C.E., name “Jehovah’s witnesses” embraced, 105, 364 1933-1945 C.E., persecution in Germany, 145 1935 C.E., attention called to “great crowd,” 174 1939 C.E., November 1, “Watchtower” on neutrality, 334 1939-1945 C.E., World War II, 161, 282, 373 “Day, The,” speech at Cedar Point, Ohio, 1922, 111 “Declaration Against Satan and for Jehovah,” adopted 1928 C.E., 167 Demon angels, unseen heavens, 69-71 “Desirable things,” come in, 75-91 Disfellowshiping, apostates and rebels, 355 “‘Distress of Nations’: Cause, Warning, Remedy,” published in 1920 C.E., 371 E Earth, symbolic, rocked, 70-74 Ephah measure, meaning, 217, 218 Evildoer, sympathetic, Jesus’ promise fulfilled, 13 “Evil slave,” cut off, 363, 364 picture, 363, 364 Eyes, rot away, 389, 390, 392 F False predictions, unification in spite of, 282-301 False prophets, pass out of spiritual estate of remnant, 351, 352 Fasting, God’s viewpoint, 236-239 Feet on mountain, Jehovah’s, meaning, 378, 379 Festival, international, in Paradise, 394-408 Festival of Booths (Ingathering), after return from Babylon, 110 ancient, picture, 401, 402 those not celebrating, 397-401 “Finished Mystery, The,” published in 1917 C.E., 352 Flock scattered, 355-358 “Former house” and “later house,” contrasted, 84-87 Four, number, symbol, 142 Four chariots, symbolic, duty, 233 Four craftsmen, picture, 143 Four horns, meaning, 142 Funds, 1879 C.E., “Watch Tower” statement, 83 G Garments, change necessary, how, 179-185 Gentile nations, carried indignation too far, 133, 134 final attack, 380-383 Gentile Times, began in 607 B.C.E., 120 end, 100, 122, 137, 224, 254, 270 God’s capital organization, growth and protection, 147-175 God’s reaction to touching “my eyeball,” 166-168 God’s shepherd ruler, consequences of rejecting, 302-328 “Gog of the land of Magog,” leader of attack on remnant, 380 “Government,” published in 1928 C.E., 299, 300 “Great crowd,” acknowledge Sovereign, 232 at spiritual temple, 80-82 swords into plowshares, 90, 91 Greater glory of the “later house,” 82-87 “Great mountain,” figurative, 195, 196, 198 “Great multitude,” advocates of Jehovah’s sovereignty, 76-82 1935 C.E., “Watch Tower,” 78 “Great tribulation,” Babylon the Great in darkness, 381 “useless shepherd” class destroyed, 328 H Haggai, first message, 26-52 second message, 54-91 third message, 107-115 fourth message, 116-123 modern-day, began to be heard, 48-52 Har–Magedon, associated with Jehovah’s personal name, 382, 383 rocking of nations, climax, 82 war of God Almighty, 224, 272, 301, 304, 368, 376 “Heavens,” shaken, 69, 70 symbolic, 67-71 High Priest, crown for the temple-building, 228-233 High Priest Christ Jesus, entered into real Most Holy, 185 relieved of “befouled garments,” 183 High Priest Joshua, clean turban on head, meaning, 183-185 type, 176 “Holy” of temple, picture, 88, 103 “Hope for Distressed Humanity, The,” public lecture, 51 “Horns,” dispersion, 162, 163 four, symbol, 141 Horse bells, picture, 402, 403 Horses, four, 223, 225, 226 symbol, 127, 402, 403 House filled with glory, how, 80-82 I Ingathering, joyful, international, 401-405 International Bible Students, need for repentance, 99 International festival in Paradise, 394-408 International gathering to God’s city, 254-258 Issue of worship, modern times, 99-103 J Jehovah, first promise of restoration, 240, 241 second promise of restoration, 241 third promise of restoration, 242-244 fourth promise of restoration, 244 fifth promise of restoration, 245 sixth promise of restoration, 246-249 seventh promise of restoration, 249-252 eighth promise of restoration, 252, 253 ninth promise of restoration, 253, 254 tenth promise of restoration, 255-258 gives remedy for disappointed hopes, 36-40 judicial decisions more pronounced, 167, 168 seven eyes, meaning, 203 “Jehovah King,” “Government” book on, 300 “Jehovah of armies,” action against military forces, 117 designation of Jehovah himself, 26, 27 occurrence in Hebrew Scriptures, 27 Jehovah’s feet on mountain, meaning, 378, 379 Jehovah’s organization, 100-102 Jehovah’s sovereignty, modern-day advocates, 76-82 Jehovah the king “one, and his name one,” 387-389 Jerusalem, besieged by Herod, 272 ceased to be location of “well,” 348 desolated in 607 B.C.E., 84 destroyed in 70 C.E., 144, 155, 159, 330, 348 destroyed in 607 B.C.E., 28, 128, 136, 162, 252, 291 heavenly, made a “bowl causing reeling,” 329-331 heavenly, under siege, 333, 334 symbol of pure worship, 207 walls built by Nehemiah, 155, 158 Jesus, pierced through for vindication, 343, 344 Jesus Christ, antitypical Zerubbabel, 121 body, pierced, 340-344, 347, 348 enthroned in heavens, 361 Greater Shepherd, 314-316 identified as true Messiah, 270-275 shepherd to flock of Israel, 315-321 value stipulated to Judas for, 321-323 Jews, exiles in Babylon, 617, 607 B.C.E., 95, 162 John, apostle, witness, 45 describes capital organization, 149-151 Joshua, faith needed, 84 high priest, type, 230 Joshua and Zerubbabel, pictured, 205, 206 Joshua in befouled garments, type, 179-183 Judas Iscariot, did not keep thirty shekels, 322 value stipulated, Jesus, 321-323 K King comes to Jerusalem, 269-275 Kingdom withstands international assault, 328-344 “King of the north,” 145 ‘Kings of the earth,’ identified, 151 L Lamps, seven, meaning, 193, 194 Lampstand, vision, meaning, 193, 194, 206, 207 “Land of Hadrach,” associated with Damascus, 259, 261 Land of Shinar, fitting place for wickedness, 220 “Land of the north,” fleeing, foreshadowed what? 162 identified, 162, 227 “Later house,” glory, 82-87 Law covenant, blotted out, 325 Law on cleansing, 108-110 League of Nations, adopted 1919 C.E., 166 “political expression of the Kingdom of God on earth,” 280 Levite priests, Haggai’s first prophecy addressed to, 106-110 test question, 107-110 Liberator, call, 161-166 “Living waters,” for all mankind, 383-387 M Making a sworn oath in God’s name falsely, 214-217 “Maned young lions,” symbolic, 304 Melchizedek, foreshadowed Messiah, 230, 231, 401 Mercy to persecuted; judgment to persecutors, 124-146 Messiah, pictured, 206, 230 promise left to evildoer, 395 true identity, 270-275 Messianic kingdom, born in heavens, 166, 167 established, 254, 378 inaugurated in 1914 C.E., 169 pictured, 224, 376-378 Mountains, symbol, 223, 224 Mount of Olives, division, picture, 374-380 N “Names of the idols,” pass out of land, meaning, 351-353 Nations, advisability for, to join in festival, 398-405 in store for annihilation, 336-339 Nations go to city of divine favor, 239-258 Nations rock, foretold by Haggai, how? 57-61, 69-71 modern fulfillment, 61-66, 69-71 Neutrality, International Bible Students failed to keep, 99 New covenant, blood of, applied, 276, 277 spiritual Israel in, 330, 331 New Jerusalem, capital organization, 149-153 represented by remnant, 157-161 “Not by a military force, nor by power, but”—, 192-207 O Obstacles overcome, 295-301 “Olive oil,” symbolic, 204-207 144,000, number foreordained, 102, 105, 160 sealed, 79 Organizations, two distinguished, 100-102 P Paradise, Jesus held out hope, 7-13 restored through Theocracy, 300 unextended, wiped out by Flood, 11, 17, 18 Persecutors in for divine attention, 143-146 Philistia, 264-269 Philistines, antitypical, 267-269 Phoenicia, 262, 263, 269 Presentation of the King brings release to prisoners, 259-282 Preservation, “third part,” in a purged land, 344-365 Prisoners, of symbolic woman, 275-278 Pure worship, assured forever, 82 began to be established, 221, 222 R Reapers, angels, 101, 102 Rejoice, why now the call to, 168-175 Remedy for those with disappointed hopes, 36-52 Remnant, Israelite, liberated in 537 B.C.E., 360 liberated in 1919 C.E., 166, 348, 360, 379 strict neutrality, 350 Restoration, first promise of Jehovah, 240, 241 second promise of Jehovah, 241 third promise of Jehovah, 242-244 fourth promise of Jehovah, 244 fifth promise of Jehovah, 245 sixth promise of Jehovah, 246-249 seventh promise of Jehovah, 249-252 eighth promise of Jehovah, 252, 253 ninth promise of Jehovah, 253, 254 tenth promise of Jehovah, 255-258 “River of water of life,” picture, 384, 385 Ruiners of earth, brought to ruin, 394, 395 Rulers, likened to trees, 302-305 political, “arm” and “right eye” to fade, 328 sold “sheep” to be killed, 305-309 Russell, Charles Taze, served notice to nations, 332 S Salt Sea and Great Sea, picture, 383-385 Satan the Devil, invisible organization, pictured, 69-71 organization, 100 pictured, 362 Scattering, caused by striking the shepherd, 355-358 Scourge, confusion on attacking enemies, 389-394 Seal ring, importance, 118-122 Seas, symbolic, 384, 385 “Seasons of Refreshing,” 1919 C.E. “Watch Tower,” 48, 49 Seven eyes, meaning, 203 “Sheep,” abandoned to tradesmen, 313, 314 sold by rulers to be killed, 305-309 Shepherd, Christ Jesus struck, 355-358 wages and value placed upon, 314-325 Shepherd Ruler, consequences of rejecting, 302-328 ‘Sin and an abhorrent thing,’ well opened up for, 345-350 “Skirt of a man who is a Jew,” taking ahold, meaning, 255-258, 261 “ten men” attach themselves, 364, 365 Spiritual Israel, beginning, 151 dispersion, how figurative, 162, 163 in new covenant, 330, 331 organized, 101, 102 Spiritual remnant, New Jerusalem represented in, 157-161 “resurrected,” 172 Spiritual temple, Jehovah in, 100-102 typical representations, 86, 87 Spiritual underpriests, in temple’s “holy,” 103-106 “Sprout” and “the stone,” 185-190 Staffs, 310-314, 319, 320 Staff Union, broken and consequences, 324, 325 Stealing, consequences, 210-214 “Stone,” put before Joshua, picture, 187-189 Stone mountain, picture, 376, 377 T Temple, building, ban imposed, 30-32 building barrier reduced to nothing, 194-198 Temple remains as nations rock, 53-74 “Ten horns,” symbolic, Lamb fought, 395 “Ten men,” identified, picture, 364, 365, 373 Theocracy, first man rebelled against, 15-17 triumphs over all the nations, 365-394 Thievery, 209-214 “Third part” preserved in a purged land, 344-365 “Three Shepherds,” 316, 317 Tongues, rot away, 389, 390, 392 Touching “my eyeball,” God’s reaction, 166-168 Trees, rulers likened to, 302-305 “Trees of righteousness,” symbolic, 303, 304 True worship, brought to perfected state, 199 issue in modern times, 99-103 preserved for all time, 393, 394 “Two anointed ones,” meaning, 203-207 Two copper mountains, picture, 223 Two kingdoms, pictured, 376-378 “Two olive trees,” picture, 204-207 “Two parts” are cut off, 359-365 “Two witnesses,” prophesied in sackcloth, 45-47 U Underpriests, requirements cause deflections, 112, 113 Unification in spite of false predictions, 282-301 United Nations, membership, 243 Universal kingdom, God’s, pictured, 376, 377 Universal organization, mankind restored, 148, 149 “Useless shepherd, A,” 326-328 V Vindication, of witnesses, 168 universal sovereignty, 382 Vision, first, Zechariah, 127-141 second, Zechariah, 141-143 third, Zechariah, 153-175 fourth, Zechariah, 176-191 fifth, Zechariah, 192-207 sixth, Zechariah, 208-217 seventh, Zechariah, 217-222 eighth, Zechariah, 222-227 W Wages and value placed upon shepherd, 310-325 “Wall of fire all around,” Jehovah, to remnant, 158-161 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, Charles Taze Russell, president, 332 headquarters members released from prison, 47 “Water for cleansing,” 108-110 “Waterless pit,” picture, 276, 277 “Well opened,” for ‘sin and an abhorrent thing,’ 345-350 Wickedness, end to permission, 207-222 Widemouthed cooking pot, prophetic picture, 404, 405 “Woman,” announcement to, 275, 276 God’s heavenly, flight, 379, 380 symbolic, fulfillment of Jehovah’s promise, 276, 278 two women, symbolic, 219, 220 World population, part cut off, 359-365 World Powers, third (Babylon), 279 fourth (Medo-Persia), 117, 122, 124, 141, 279 fifth (Greece), 279 sixth (Rome), 144, 279 seventh (Anglo-American), 122, 144, 279, 280 World War II, 1939-1945 C.E., 76, 373 Worship, millennial, no “Canaanite,” 405-408 Y “Yet once,” meaning, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66 Z Zechariah, first vision, 127-141 second vision, 141-143 third vision, 153-175 fourth vision, 176-191 fifth vision, 192-207 sixth vision, 208-217 seventh vision, 217-222 eighth vision, 222-227 broke staff Union, consequences, 324, 325 effaced three shepherds, 310-314 illustrated rising up of “useless shepherd,” 327, 328 made crown for Joshua, 229, 230 pictured Greater Shepherd, 314-316 shepherded remnant, 310-314 use of staffs, 310-314 Zerubbabel, governor, 24 Jesus Christ, Greater, 137 keyman, 289 meaning, 11, 121 pictured Jesus Christ, 200, 201 prefigured Messiah, 206 set as seal ring, 120, 196 type, 120-123 “Zion,” escaped homeward, how, 165, 166 Zion, Jerusalem, 135

Young People Ask, Volume 2 (yp2) 2008

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yp2

CHAPTER 27 Why Do I Feel That I Have to Be Perfect? Do you become upset if you get anything less than a perfect score on a test? □ Yes □ No Do you feel like a complete failure when you receive any type of criticism? □ Yes □ No Do you find it hard to make or keep friends because no one seems to measure up to your standards? □ Yes □ No IF YOU answered yes to one or more of the above questions, you may have a problem with perfectionism. ‘But what’s wrong with trying to do things just right?’ you might ask. Nothing, of course. The Bible praises the man who is “skillful in his work.” (Proverbs 22:29) The perfectionist, however, takes things to an extreme. For example, 19-year-old Jason admits: “During my last year of school, I felt that if I didn’t get a perfect score on my tests, I wasn’t a good student at all. I also play piano, and I used to feel that I had to perform with the skill of a concert pianist.” Perfectionism might even impede a person’s worship. Consider what can happen to a youth who is constantly held up as an example to others. Always in the limelight, he may feel as though he’s walking a tightrope, with everyone scrutinizing his performance. Of course, Christians young and old benefit from good examples in the congregation. Yet, the quest to maintain a perfect image may cause a youth to lose his joy in God’s service. If that happens, the youth needs help. But he might not ask for it, fearing that he’ll disappoint those who think so highly of him. He might even be tempted to give up completely, reasoning, ‘If I can’t live up to the perfect ideal, why try at all?’ Battling Perfectionism Perfectionists labor under the illusion that mistakes should never be made. Really, though, that viewpoint is flawed. The Bible plainly states: “All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” (Romans 3:23) It’s impossible, then, for any of us to be perfect in the absolute sense. In fact, believing that you can do things perfectly is as absurd as thinking that you can leap off the ground and fly. No matter how firmly you believe this, it’s just not going to happen! How can you keep a perfectionist mind-set from taking over your life? Try the following: Redefine “success.” Are you wearing yourself out trying to be the very best? The Bible indicates that such an effort can prove to be like “chasing the wind.” (Ecclesiastes 4:4, Today’s English Version) The fact is, few people ever succeed at being “the best.” And even when a person does, it’s usually just a matter of time before someone comes along who performs better. Success means doing your best​—not outdoing someone else’s.​—Galatians 6:4. Be realistic. Your expectations should be equal to your abilities and limitations. Setting the bar too high for yourself can be a sign of immodesty​—even egotism. The apostle Paul gives sound advice: “I tell everyone there among you not to think more of himself than it is necessary to think.” (Romans 12:3) So be realistic. Revise your expectations. Seek to do your best but not to achieve perfection. Lighten up! Try doing some things that you’re not good at, such as playing a musical instrument. True, you’re bound to make lots of mistakes. This time, though, try to view your errors in a different light. The Bible says that there’s “a time to laugh.” (Ecclesiastes 3:4) So why not take a lighthearted approach? Doing so will help you to see that making mistakes is simply part of the learning process. Admittedly, it may not be easy for you to handle doing a less-than-perfect job. But make a conscious effort to push negative, critical thoughts out of your mind. Always remember that Jehovah doesn’t demand perfection; he simply expects us to be faithful to him. (1 Corinthians 4:2) If you’re striving to be faithful, you can truly be happy with who you are​—even though you aren’t perfect. IN OUR NEXT CHAPTERHomosexuality is widely accepted today. How can you avoid it? What if you have homosexual desires? KEY SCRIPTURE “There is no man righteous in the earth that keeps doing good and does not sin.”​—Ecclesiastes 7:20. TIP Think of a task that you’ve held off from performing, simply because you were afraid of not doing it perfectly. Then set a date to complete it. DID YOU KNOW . . . ? Jehovah is perfect, but when dealing with imperfect humans, he is not a perfectionist. He is neither unreasonable nor unrealistic in what he expects of us. ACTION PLAN! When I become unreasonably critical of myself, I will ․․․․․ When I become unreasonably critical of others, I will ․․․․․ What I would like to ask my parent(s) about this subject is ․․․․․ WHAT DO YOU THINK? ● In what areas of life, if any, do you tend to set unreasonably high goals for yourself? ● What Bible passages make it clear to you that Jehovah God doesn’t expect perfection of his servants? ● Why might others draw away from you if you’re a perfectionist? ● In the future, how will you deal with your mistakes? [Blurb on page 226] “Doing your best and being a perfectionist are two different things; one is balanced and the other is not.”​—Megan [Box on page 228] Perfectionism and Friendships Have you shut people out of your life because they just aren’t good enough for you? Or have good people stayed away from you because your standards for friendship appear to be too high? The Bible advises us: “Do not become righteous overmuch, nor show yourself excessively wise. Why should you cause desolation to yourself?” (Ecclesiastes 7:16) One way that the perfectionist causes desolation to himself is by alienating those who might otherwise enjoy his company. “No one likes to be around people who make them feel bad,” says a girl named Amber, “and I’ve seen perfectionists lose good friends over some very small things.” [Picture on page 229] Trying to be perfect is as futile as trying to fly

CAMILLA ROSAM | LIFE STORY I Made It My Goal to Be Obedient to Jehovah

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502400108

CAMILLA ROSAM | LIFE STORY I Made It My Goal to Be Obedient to Jehovah My grandparents learned about Jehovah’s Kingdom promises in 1906 just after they lost a son to diphtheria. Their doctor was a Bible Student, as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then known. He shared the Bible’s comforting hope with them, including the hope of the resurrection. As a result, my grandparents, my mother, and my mother’s sister became Bible Students as well. For many years, those relatives were zealous for the truth. The women even served as usherettes when the “Photo-Drama of Creation” was shown in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. Sadly, though, Mother was the only one who continued serving Jehovah. This was not easy for her because the family had always been close, worshipping together until the 1930’s. Mother’s loyalty and obedience to Jehovah made a big impression on me, as did the example of my father, who was also a faithful Bible Student. Family photo, 1948 I was born in 1927, the first of six children. All of us stuck to the truth. Father was a carpenter, and we lived in a comfortable home on the outskirts of Chicago. We had a big vegetable garden, and we kept chickens and ducks. I enjoyed working. One of my chores was to darn the family’s socks. Darning isn’t done much these days; but back then, socks weren’t thrown away when holes appeared. The holes were darned, or mended, with a needle and thread. Learning such skills proved to be invaluable, for I did a lot of sewing later in life. My Parents Set a Fine Example My father made sure that our family never neglected spiritual matters. So we attended all the Christian meetings, regularly shared in the field ministry, and considered a Bible text every day. On Saturday evenings, we had our family study of the Bible, using The Watchtower. In order to give a good witness to our neighbors, Father set up an electric sign inside our living room window. Manufactured by our brothers, it advertised a public talk or one of our publications. The light inside the box flashed on and off, which attracted the attention of people passing by. Father also attached two signs to our car. Mother taking us out witnessing with phonographs By word and example, my father taught us children the importance of obedience to Jehovah. Mother supported him in every way. She also began serving Jehovah full-time as a pioneer when my youngest sister was five years old, and she continued to pioneer for the rest of her long life. I could not have asked for better parents. Life back then was quite different from what it is today. We had no television, so my siblings and I would sit on the floor and listen to the radio, which broadcast some exciting series. Above all, our family enjoyed the spiritual programs that Jehovah’s organization broadcast by radio. Conventions, Phonographs, and Sandwich Signs We loved attending conventions of Jehovah’s Witnesses. At the convention held in 1935, we learned that the “great crowd,” who survive “the great tribulation,” mentioned at Revelation 7:9, 14, have the hope of living forever in Paradise on earth. Prior to 1935, both my parents partook of the Memorial emblems. After that convention, however, only Father did so. Mother then knew that her hope was, not to rule with Christ in heaven, but to live forever on earth. In 1941, at a convention in St. Louis, Missouri, Joseph Rutherford, who took the lead in the work back then, released the book Children. The applause was tremendous! I was 14 years old and had been baptized a year earlier. I vividly remember lining up with the other children and walking onto the platform to get my copy of the book. With Lorraine, 1944 In those early years, the ministry was different from what it is today. In the 1930’s, we used portable phonographs to play recorded Bible talks for householders. Before knocking on a door, we would wind up the phonograph and make sure that the record and needle were in place. When the householder came out, we would make a brief presentation, play a four-and-a-half-minute Bible talk, and then offer literature. People in our area listened respectfully. I don’t recall that anyone was unpleasant. When I started pioneering at 16 years of age, my father gave me my own phonograph, which I proudly used in the ministry. My pioneer partner was a fine sister named Lorraine. Information marches were another form of witnessing. For a time, we called these sandwich-sign parades, because we would wear two placards, one on the front and one on the back. They carried slogans, such as “Religion Is a Snare and a Racket” and “Serve God and Christ the King.” A photo moment while placard witnessing Our meetings prepared us for opposition and taught us what to say in defense of the truth. And opposition did come. For example, the first time we offered our magazines at a busy shopping area, the police hauled us off to the police station in a van. We were released several hours later, happy to have been persecuted for our obedience to Jehovah. Marriage, Gilead, and Military Call-Up Eugene and me on our wedding day In time, Lorraine introduced me to a brother named Eugene Rosam, whom she met at an assembly in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Eugene grew up in Key West, Florida. When he was in the tenth grade, he was expelled from school because he refused to participate in a patriotic ceremony. He started pioneering right away. One day, he met a girl who was a former classmate. Because Eugene had been an outstanding student, she wondered why he had been expelled. His Scriptural answers led to her accepting a Bible study. She took the truth to heart and became a faithful sister. In Key West, 1951 Eugene and I got married in 1948. We began our married life pioneering in Key West. Later, we were invited to attend the 18th class of Gilead School, which graduated in early 1952. Spanish was taught in one of the classes, so we expected to be assigned as missionaries to a Spanish-speaking country. But that did not happen. While we were at Gilead, the Korean War was raging, and Eugene was called up for the army. This was a surprise because he had been given a minister’s exemption during World War II. Now, as a result of this call, we were told to stay in the United States. I wept with disappointment. Two years later, Eugene finally received his exemption. That setback, however, taught us a valuable lesson—when one door shuts, Jehovah can open another, which he did. We just had to be patient. Our Gilead class Traveling Work and Then Off to Canada! In 1953, after pioneering in a Spanish-language congregation in Tucson, Arizona, we were assigned to the circuit work. Over time, we served circuits in Ohio, California, and New York City. In 1958, we began in the district worka in California and Oregon. Our accommodations were in the homes of brothers. Then, in 1960, we went to Canada, where Eugene served as an instructor for the Kingdom Ministry School for congregation overseers. We stayed in Canada until 1988. One of my favorite memories of our time in Canada involves a family that a sister and I met in the house-to-house ministry. We first met the mother, Gail, who told us that her sons were upset because their grandfather had died. “Why did he die?” they asked her. “Where did he go?” Gail had no answers. So we gave her the Bible’s answer by sharing comforting scriptures with her. At the time, Eugene was serving the congregation as a circuit overseer, so we were only there for a week. The sister who was with me, however, went back to see Gail. The result? Gail accepted the truth, as did her husband, Bill, and their three boys—Christopher, Steve, and Patrick. Chris is an elder in Canada. Steve is an instructor at the Bible school facility in Palm Coast, Florida. And Patrick is a member of the Branch Committee in Thailand. Over the years, Eugene and I kept close to the family. I am so happy to have had a small share in helping them come to know Jehovah! From Hospital Visits to Hospital Liaison Committees While we were in Canada, Jehovah opened an exciting and fruitful new door for Eugene. Let me tell you about it. Years ago, our stand on blood transfusion was misunderstood and led to much negative publicity. Newspapers throughout Canada ran stories alleging that Witness children were dying because their parents denied them blood transfusions. My husband had the privilege of helping to counter such misleading reports. Just before the 1969 international assembly in Buffalo, New York, Eugene went with several brothers to the major hospitals in the area to explain that some 50,000 Witnesses from Canada and the United States would be at the convention. Should a serious medical issue arise, it would be beneficial if the doctors understood our position on blood and saw how reasonable it was. The brothers gave the doctors articles on nonblood medical management from respected journals. The doctors’ positive response motivated Eugene and some other brothers to begin proactively visiting hospitals in Canada. They also helped local elders deal more effectively with medical emergencies. Little by little, those efforts saw fruitage. In fact, they were a precursor to something we could not have imagined! How so? I enjoyed working in the sewing room In the mid 1980’s, Eugene got a phone call from Milton Henschel at world headquarters in Brooklyn, New York. The Governing Body wanted a program already functioning in the United States to be expanded to provide information to more doctors. So Eugene and I moved to Brooklyn, and in January 1988 the Governing Body established a department at world headquarters called Hospital Information Services. Later, my husband and two other brothers were assigned to conduct seminars, first in the United States and then in other countries. Soon, Hospital Information Departments were established at the branches, and Hospital Liaison Committees were formed in various cities. I cannot imagine how many Witnesses and their children have benefited from such loving provisions from Jehovah. While Eugene was conducting seminars and visiting hospitals, I worked at the local Bethel, quite often in the sewing room or kitchen. A Hospital Liaison Committee class, Japan My Greatest Challenge In 2006, I faced my greatest challenge—my dear Eugene died. How I miss his love and companionship! What has helped me to endure this trial? A number of things. For example, I stay close to Jehovah through prayer and regular Bible reading. I listen to the daily text discussion with the Bethel family. I read the Bible chapter from which the text is taken. And I keep busy in my Bethel assignment in the Sewing Department, which I view as a privilege. In earlier years, I even had the opportunity to help make drapes for Assembly Halls in New Jersey and New York. I now serve at Fishkill Bethel, where I do alterations and other smaller jobs.b To me, the most important things in life are to love Jehovah and to obey him and his organization. (Hebrews 13:17; 1 John 5:3) I’m glad that Eugene and I made those our priorities in life. As a result, I have every confidence that Jehovah will reward us with endless life on a paradise earth, including the joy of seeing each other again.—John 5:28, 29. a Whereas circuit overseers visit individual congregations, the role of a district overseer was to visit circuits and give talks at circuit assemblies. b Sister Camilla Rosam died in March 2022 while this article was being prepared. She was 94.

A European Court Rights a Wrong

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101998005

A European Court Rights a Wrong BY AWAKE! CORRESPONDENT IN GREECE MILITARY service is compulsory in Greece. At any given time, about 300 of Jehovah’s Witnesses are in prison for refusing to perform military service. Amnesty International views them as prisoners of conscience and has frequently urged successive Greek governments to free them and to pass legislation that would allow them to carry out civilian service of a nonpunitive nature. In 1988, new legislation affecting military service was passed. Among other things, this stipulated that “the following are exempted from military service: . . . Recruits who are religious ministers, monks or trainee monks of a recognized religion, if they so desire.” The religious ministers of the Greek Orthodox Church are always exempted simply and easily, without facing any problem or any sort of abuse of their basic human rights. Would the same apply to ministers of a minority religion? A test soon provided an answer. Imprisoned Against the Law In accordance with this law, in late 1989 and early 1990, Dimitrios Tsirlis and Timotheos Kouloumpas, appointed religious ministers by the Central Congregation of the Christian Jehovah’s Witnesses of Greece, lodged applications with their respective recruitment offices to be exempted from military service. Along with their applications, they supplied documents proving that they were practicing religious ministers. As anticipated, the applications were rejected on the specious ground that Jehovah’s Witnesses do not belong to a “known religion.” Brothers Tsirlis and Kouloumpas reported to their respective military training centers and were arrested, charged with insubordination, and placed in detention. In the meantime, the General Headquarters for National Defense rejected their appeals of the decisions of the recruitment offices. The military authorities used the argument that the Holy Synod of the Greek Orthodox Church had informed them that the faith of Jehovah’s Witnesses is not a recognized religion! This contradicted the rulings of a number of civil courts that had stated that Jehovah’s Witnesses are indeed a known religion. The military courts in turn found Tsirlis and Kouloumpas guilty of insubordination and sentenced them to four years’ imprisonment. The two brothers appealed these decisions to the Military Appeal Court, which adjourned the examination of the appeal three times for various reasons. However, it refused each time to order the appellants’ provisional release from prison, although Greek law provides for that. In the meantime, in another set of proceedings, the Supreme Administrative Court annulled the decisions of the General Headquarters for National Defense, on the ground that Jehovah’s Witnesses do indeed belong to a known religion. During the 15 months that Tsirlis and Kouloumpas had to stay in the Avlona Military Prison, they faced especially inhumane and degrading treatment along with other imprisoned Witnesses. A report of that time spoke of “the sordid prison conditions under which [Jehovah’s Witnesses prisoners] are living, mentioning the spoiled meat and the tails of mice, which are often served along with the food, the curtailing of visiting hours according to the Administration’s whims, the lack of space due to the cells being overcrowded with too many prisoners and the much more severe treatment meted out to such prisoners as are conscientious objectors.” Finally, the Military Appeal Court acquitted Brothers Tsirlis and Kouloumpas but at the same time ruled that the State had no obligation to compensate them for their detention because “this detention was due to the applicants’ gross negligence.” This raised valid questions in legal circles: Who was responsible for the gross negligence? The Witnesses or the military courts? The brothers were immediately released from prison and were finally discharged from the armed forces on the basis that they were religious ministers. When they were released, Amnesty International announced that it welcomed the release of Dimitrios Tsirlis and Timotheos Kouloumpas and expressed the hope that in the future, ministers of Jehovah’s Witnesses would be exempt from military service in accordance with the provisions of Greek law. Soon, however, this hope would be dashed. In and Out of Prisons Another appointed religious minister of Jehovah’s Witnesses had to undergo a slightly different ordeal for the same reason. On September 11, 1991, Anastasios Georgiadis applied for exemption from military service in the same manner. Six days later the recruiting office informed him that his application had been rejected, again because the Holy Synod of the Greek Orthodox Church does not accept that Jehovah’s Witnesses are a known religion. And this despite the express rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court on the cases of Tsirlis and Kouloumpas! The written answer from the General Headquarters for National Defense stated: “The Administration arrived at a negative decision regarding [Georgiadis’] application, based on the expert opinion rendered by the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, which does not consider Jehovah’s Witnesses to be a known religion.”—Italics ours. Georgiadis went to the Nafplion Training Camp on January 20 and was immediately put in the disciplinary cell of the camp. Later he was transferred to the Avlona Military Prison. On March 16, 1992, the Military Court of Athens acquitted Georgiadis. This was the first time a military court in Greece acknowledged that Jehovah’s Witnesses are indeed a known religion. The director of the Avlona Military Prison released him immediately but ordered him to report again for duty on April 4, at the Nafplion recruitment center. On that date, Georgiadis again refused to enlist and was again charged with insubordination, placed in detention for a second time, and committed to trial. On May 8, 1992, the Military Court of Athens acquitted him of the new criminal case but decided that no compensation should be granted him for his detention. Georgiadis was immediately released from the Avlona Military Prison but was ordered to report for yet a third time for duty at the Nafplion recruitment center, on May 22, 1992! He again refused to enlist and for a third time was charged with insubordination and detained. On July 7, 1992, the Supreme Administrative Court set aside the decision of September 1991, on the grounds that Jehovah’s Witnesses do indeed belong to a known religion. On July 27, 1992, Georgiadis was finally released from the Thessalonica Military Prison. On September 10, 1992, the Military Court of Thessalonica acquitted him but held that Georgiadis was not eninputd to compensation because his detention was again said to be ‘due to his gross negligence.’ Widespread Reaction Commenting on the case of Georgiadis, the European Parliament declared: “This situation is a case of discrimination against Jehovah’s Witnesses ministers of religion in terms of the principle of equality before the law and the enjoyment of the right to equal treatment.” In February 1992, Amnesty International stated that it “believes that [Anastasios Georgiadis] has been imprisoned solely on the basis of discriminatory treatment on the part of the military authorities against Jehovah’s Witness ministers and is calling for his immediate and unconditional release as a prisoner of conscience.” Even the military prosecutor of one of Georgiadis’ trials was forced to state: “The extent of a society’s cultural development is made evident by the way it deals with certain situations involving its citizens. If we here in Greece desire our cultural development to be in harmony with European standards, if we want to progress, then we have to comply with international regulations and rid ourselves of prejudice. A sector in which this is most evident is respect for citizens’ individual rights. However, actual happenings and the administration’s tactics clearly indicate the prejudice and religious intolerance prevailing against religious minorities. The case at hand is outrageous.” Ian White, a member of the European Parliament, from Bristol, England, wrote: “The idea that Jehovah’s Witnesses are not ‘a known religion’ would bring a smile to many faces in this County. Certainly, although relatively few in number, Witnesses are very well known in this Country and frequently call from door to door.” With over 26,000 Witnesses preaching in Greece, they can hardly be ‘an unknown religion’! A group of ten members of the European Parliament wrote to express their indignation over the Georgiadis case, saying that they were “extremely surprised and regretful” over such violations of human rights in Greece. Appeal to the European Court of Human Rights After being acquitted and then released from prison, all three of the victims of this religious discrimination felt ethically obliged to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights. The basis of this appeal was their unlawful detention, which by itself proved unjust, and the mental and physical torture they were subjected to, as well as the immense moral and social consequences involved in being repeatedly deprived of their freedom for so long a period of time. For these reasons they pursued a valid and appropriate amount of compensation. The European Commission of Human Rights unanimously concluded that in the cases of Tsirlis and Kouloumpas, there was a violation of their right to liberty and security of person, their detention was unlawful, they had a right to compensation, and they had not enjoyed a fair hearing by a tribunal. A similar conclusion was reached by the Commission in the case of Georgiadis. The Injustice Is Corrected The hearing was set for January 21, 1997. There were many in the courtroom, including students from the local university, journalists, and a number of Jehovah’s Witnesses from Greece, Germany, Belgium, and France. Mr. Panos Bitsaxis, the attorney for the Witnesses, spoke of “the constant stubborn and persistent attitude of the Greek authorities not to recognise the existence of one religious minority,” namely Jehovah’s Witnesses. He denounced the Greek authorities’ practice of basing their official opinion of the Witnesses on the viewpoint of their chief opponents—the Greek Orthodox Church! He continued: “How far can this go? . . . And until when?” He spoke of the “denial of recognition of a certain religious community, a denial which seems absurd if you see that it comes directly, openly, and without any reasoning, against legality, against dozens of decisions of the Supreme Administrative Court.” The representative of the Greek government confirmed the biased attitude of the Greek authorities by claiming: “It must not be forgotten that practically the whole population of Greece has belonged to the Orthodox Church for centuries. One natural result of this is that the organisation of that Church and the status of its ministers and their role in the Church are quite clear. . . . The status of ministers from the Church of the Jehovah’s Witnesses is not so clear.” What a flagrant admission of the prejudiced treatment of religious minorities in Greece! Religious Freedom Upheld Judgment was delivered on May 29. The President of the Chamber, Mr. Rolv Ryssdal, read out the decision. The Court, composed of nine judges, held unanimously that Greece had violated Articles 5 and 6 of the European Convention. It also awarded the applicants the sum of about $72,000 for compensation and expenses. Most important, the decision included many noteworthy arguments in favor of religious freedom. The Court noted that “the military authorities blatantly ignored” the fact that Jehovah’s Witnesses are recognized as a “known religion” in Greece, according to the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court. It further commented: “The relevant authorities’ persistence not to recognize Jehovah’s Witnesses as a ‘known religion’ and the disregard of the applicants’ right to liberty that followed were of a discriminatory nature when contrasted with the way in which ministers of the Greek Orthodox Church obtain exemption.” The case was given wide publicity by the Greek media. Athens News declared: ‘E[uropean] court slams Greece over Jehovah claim.’ The decision in the case Tsirlis & Kouloumpas and Georgiadis v. Greece gives rise to the hope that the Greek State will bring its legislation in line with the European Court’s judgment, so that Jehovah’s Witnesses in Greece may enjoy religious freedom without administrative, military, or church intervention. Furthermore, this is yet another judgment rendered against the Greek judiciary by the European Court on matters relating to religious freedom.a Jehovah’s Witnesses cherish their freedom, and they endeavor to use it to serve God and to help their neighbor. The three Witness religious ministers pursued their cases to the European Court of Human Rights, not for any material gain, but purely for moral and ethical reasons. Thus, all three have decided that the compensation awarded them will be used exclusively for the furtherance of the educational work of Jehovah’s Witnesses. [Footnote] a The first decision, issued in 1993, was the case of Kokkinakis v. Greece; the second, issued in 1996, was the case of Manoussakis and Others v. Greece.—See The Watchtower, September 1, 1993, pages 27-31; Awake!, March 22, 1997, pages 14-16. [Picture on page 20] Esther and Dimitrios Tsirlis [Picture on page 21] Timotheos and Nafsika Kouloumpas [Picture on page 22] Anastasios and Koula Georgiadis

Man’s Salvation (sl) 1975

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/sl

Chapter 6 The Promise of a Spiritual Paradise 1. (a) What shows that, even when he was facing death, Jesus had Paradise in mind for mankind? (b) Years later, to the Ephesus congregation, what did Jesus say about Paradise? (c) Were both of these references to the same paradise? THE Messianic Servant of Jehovah God plays a very important role in our gaining a paradise. Even on that sad day nineteen hundred years ago, when Jesus Christ was being counted in with the transgressors in fulfillment of Isaiah 53:12, he had Paradise in mind for mankind. When one of the two robbers, who were impaled on each side of him, said to him, “Jesus, remember me when you get into your kingdom,” he answered: “Truly I tell you today, You will be with me in Paradise.” (Luke 23:39-43; Mark 15:25-27) Sixty-three years later, when speaking to the Christian congregation in Ephesus, Asia Minor, the resurrected Jesus said: “To him that conquers I will grant to eat of the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God.” (Revelation 2:7) Since these promises were made to different kinds of persons, the first to a non-Christian and the second to a victorious Christian, two different paradises must here be meant, the first an earthly one, the second a heavenly one. Jehovah’s “Servant” has to do with both. 2. What kind of paradise, foretold by Isaiah, can be enjoyed today, without one’s experiencing physical death and resurrection? 2 Each of those paradises was future at the time of Jesus’ mention of them. Also, they were to be enjoyed only after the death of the individual and his resurrection from the dead in God’s due time. But there is a paradise that is being enjoyed by those who are now living on the earth. Since mankind’s earthly environment is more and more being polluted and the surface of the earth is no paradise today, the paradise at present being enjoyed on earth by true Christian worshipers of Jehovah must be a figurative one, a spiritual paradise. The prophecy of Isaiah with reference to Jehovah’s Messianic Servant foretold the establishment of this spiritual paradise for faithful worshipers of Jehovah. 3. (a) Who that was foretold by Isaiah was to have an important role in producing the spiritual paradise on earth? (b) As a ‘son of God,’ what was his relationship to the heavenly organization as a whole? 3 According to Isaiah’s prophecy, the Messianic Servant has to do with the bringing of the spiritual paradise on earth. Before performing his role on earth as prophesied in the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah, he was a member of Jehovah’s heavenly organization of faithful “sons of God.” (Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; Daniel 3:25) That heavenly spirit organization acts the role of a “wife” who is married to Jehovah the Creator, just as the ancient nation of Israel, when taken into the Law covenant with him through the mediator Moses, was as married to Jehovah and was pictured as an earthly wife of His. So He plays the role of Husband in this heavenly union. (Isaiah 54:5; 50:1; Jeremiah 31:31-34) Since the heavenly “sons of God” were looked upon as being the children of God’s heavenly organization because of being members of it, the heavenly organization was viewed as their mother, the wife of their heavenly Father. So the Servant mentioned in Isaiah 53:11 is one of her sons. 4. (a) How did Jehovah’s motherly organization in heaven bring forth the promised Messiah? (b) What must have been the reaction in heaven when Jesus was anointed, and later when he was raised from the dead? 4 Jehovah selected his principal heavenly son to serve as the Messianic Servant on earth. (Isaiah 52:13; 53:11) So Jehovah’s motherly organization in heaven furnished this one to be the prime vindicator of her Husband’s universal sovereignty. After this one when on earth was baptized in the Jordan River at the hands of John the Baptist, her Husband, Jehovah, poured out His holy spirit upon the baptized Jesus, making him the anointed one, the Christ. In this manner the promised Messiah or Christ was brought forth. What an unspeakable joy that must have been to the heavenly Mother as well as to her Husband! If the angelic sons of God rejoiced at the birth of the babe Jesus in Bethlehem-Judah, they must have had still more joy when he thus became the promised Christ, the Messianic Servant of their God Jehovah. (Luke 2:10, 13, 14; Matthew 3:13-17; John 16:21) When his life was taken away from the earth and he was resurrected from the dead, the motherly organization in heaven received him back as the “firstborn from the dead” and rejoiced to have him once again among her heavenly sons. (Colossians 1:18; Revelation 1:5, 17, 18) Her joy was foretold! 5, 6. (a) At Isaiah 54:1, what reason was given for joy on the part of this heavenly “woman”? (b) Of how many “sons” was she to become the spiritual mother? 5 “‘Cry out joyfully,’” says Isaiah 54:1, “‘you barren woman that did not give birth! Become cheerful with a joyful outcry and cry shrilly, you that had no childbirth pains, for the sons of the desolated one are more numerous than the sons of the woman with a husbandly owner,’ Jehovah has said.” 6 This inspired scripture is applied by the Christian apostle Paul, not to the Jewish nation after its exile in Babylon, but to Jehovah’s wifely organization in heaven. According to Isaiah’s prophecy, God’s heavenly organization was to have more children than the Messiah Jesus, for whom she had long waited as if in barrenness. She was therefore to become the spiritual mother of the 144,000 associates of the Messiah Jesus. He was to be the Firstborn among these further spiritual sons of hers. Her joy would start when she brought forth or produced the firstborn, the Messiah Jesus, but she would continue on bringing forth all the Kingdom joint heirs of the Messiah Jesus. The apostle Paul was one of these prospective joint heirs of Christ, and he is the one that made the application of Isaiah 54:1 under inspiration. 7-9. In contrasting the Jewish nation with God’s heavenly organization, what application does the apostle Paul make of Isaiah 54:1? 7 Contrasting the Jewish nation that had been married to Jehovah God by the Mosaic Law covenant (but that had rejected Jesus Christ) with God’s heavenly wifely organization, the apostle Paul writes: “For example, it is written that Abraham acquired two sons, one by the servant girl [Hagar the Egyptian] and one by the free woman [Sarah his wife]; but the one [named Ishmael] by the servant girl was actually born in the manner of flesh [before Abraham had become impotent], the other [named Isaac] by the free woman through a promise [from God]. These things stand as a symbolic drama; for these women [Hagar and Sarah] mean two covenants, the one from Mount Sinai [through Moses], which brings forth children for slavery, and which is Hagar [the slave girl]. Now this Hagar means Sinai, a mountain in Arabia, and she corresponds with the Jerusalem today, for she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother. 8 “For it is written [in Isaiah 54:1]: ‘Be glad, you barren woman [the Jerusalem above] who does not give birth; break out and cry aloud, you woman who does not have childbirth pains; for the children of the desolate woman are more numerous than those of her who has the husband.’ Now we, brothers, are children belonging to the promise the same as Isaac was. But just as then the one [Ishmael] born in the manner of flesh began persecuting the one [Isaac] born in the manner of spirit, so also now. Nevertheless, what does the Scripture say? ‘Drive out the servant girl and her son, for by no means shall the son of the servant girl be an heir with the son of the free woman.’ Wherefore, brothers, we are children, not of a servant girl, but of the free woman. 9 “For such freedom Christ set us free.”​—Galatians 4:22 through 5:1. 10, 11. (a) How does Isaiah 54:13 show that the “Jerusalem above” would have more spiritual children than just Jesus? (b) To whom did Jesus Christ apply that scripture? 10 That the “Jerusalem above,” of which her Grand Maker Jehovah is the “husbandly owner,” was to have many more spiritual children than the Messiah Jesus, her firstborn, is why in Isaiah 54:13 it is said to her: “And all your sons will be persons taught by Jehovah, and the peace of your sons will be abundant.” 11 Jesus Christ applied that scripture to his own disciples, when he said to the Jews: “It is written in the Prophets, ‘And they will all be taught by Jehovah.’ Everyone that has heard from the Father and has learned comes to me.” (John 6:45) It was the Father’s purpose that Jesus should become “the firstborn among many brothers.” (Romans 8:29) The “Jerusalem above” is the heavenly mother also of all these spiritual brothers of Jesus Christ. With good reason, then, her “husbandly owner,” Jehovah, calls out to her, rather than to the earthly Jerusalem that rejected the Messiah, to “cry out joyfully” and “become cheerful with a joyful outcry” because of finally becoming mother to so many spiritual sons together with the Messiah Jesus.​—Isaiah 54:1. 12. With what strong encouragement to these spiritual sons does Isaiah chapter 54 conclude? 12 To these spiritual sons the assurance of divine protection and preservation belongs as expressed in these words to the “Jerusalem above”: “‘Any weapon whatever that will be formed against you will have no success, and any tongue at all that will rise up against you in the judgment you will condemn. This is the hereditary possession of the servants of Jehovah, and their righteousness is from me,’ is the utterance of Jehovah.” With such a strong encouragement the fifty-fourth chapter of Isaiah, addressed to “Jerusalem above,” closes.​—Isaiah 54:17. AN INVITATION TO DRINK AND EAT WHAT IS WORTH WHILE 13. With what appealing invitation does the next chapter of Isaiah begin? 13 In the light of all the good things that are to follow from the fulfillment of that beautiful prophecy, a fitting invitation is called out for all to hear: “Hey there, all you thirsty ones! Come to the water. And the ones that have no money! Come, buy and eat. Yes, come, buy wine and milk even without money and without price. Why do you people keep paying out money for what is not bread, and why is your toil for what results in no satisfaction? Listen intently to me, and eat what is good, and let your soul find its exquisite delight in fatness itself. Incline your ear and come to me. Listen, and your soul will keep alive, and I shall readily conclude with you people an indefinitely lasting covenant respecting the loving-kindnesses to David that are faithful. Look! As a witness to the national groups I have given him, as a leader and commander to the national groups.”​—Isaiah 55:1-4. 14. (a) From whom does that invitation come? (b) To whom is it directed, and why? 14 Who alone but Jehovah God the Source of all life could issue such a marvelous invitation and promise? It involves his Messianic Servant, whom he gives as a “leader and commander to the national groups.” Those national groups should become interested in the divine invitation. But, first of all, the invitation is directed to Jehovah’s people who are in a covenant with him but who find themselves in unsatisfying circumstances. Why? Because they are toiling and buying and eating and drinking, but continuing to die hopeless. We get the clue to the situation when we recall that the prophet Isaiah foretold the destruction of Jerusalem, the desolating of the land of Judah, and the exile of the Jews in the pagan land of Babylon. The desolation of the land while its native inhabitants were in exile was to last for seventy years, from 607 to 537 before our Common Era. 15. Jehovah had foretold that he would provide release for the Jewish people by means of whom, and why is his role of special interest to us? 15 Babylon, with its false gods and worship, its imperialism and commercialism, offered the exiled Jews nothing. It offered no hope of release with an opportunity to resume the worship of the true and living God in their homeland: “Is this the man [the king of Babylon] that . . . did not open the way homeward even for his prisoners?” (Isaiah 14:16, 17) Who could break the grip of this World Power, Babylon, and let its Jewish prisoners go free, to return to their homeland and the renewed worship of Jehovah at a rebuilt temple in a restored Jerusalem? This God himself could do so, and he had a servant whom he could use to that end. That earthly servant was Cyrus the Persian, whose very name Jehovah foretold long before his birth. (Isaiah 44:28 through 45:6) This ancient Persian conqueror of Babylon was not merely a historic figure but also a prophetic type of Jehovah’s Messianic Servant, whom He would use to overthrow and destroy modern Babylon the Great, namely, the world empire of false religion. 16. Anciently, what were the things that, in a spiritual sense, were like food and drink for the exiled Jews? 16 Water, bread, wine and milk are available on which to feed and refresh oneself, even for those who do not have the money with which to pay for what they eat and drink! So says Jehovah God. Of course, he is not speaking about such things in a literal way. He speaks of what corresponds to these things, to keep a person spiritually alive with that which will result in real life, everlasting life with a real zest for living and a purpose for living. Anciently, the vital thing was the provisions made by Jehovah God for the deliverance of his exiled people from Babylon and for their restoration to their God-given homeland. First in order, there was the message of liberation on which to feed an exile’s hope. Then there was the decree of Jehovah God by means of his earthly servant, upon which decree of liberation action must be taken. Then when the action was taken there would be the return to the homeland and the realization of the glorious divine prophecies in their reoccupied beloved land. The joy to be experienced would be like that from drinking the best of wines.​—Psalm 104:15. 17. Who are, in effect, modern-day Babylonians, and on what do they feed? 17 Today, billions of earth’s inhabitants find themselves under religious, moral, intellectual and social oppressions of Babylon the Great, not just in so-called pagandom but equally as much in Christendom. They are paying money for their religion, according to the commercializing of religion by their many sects and cults. Their religions have not separated them from this world, but have encouraged and approved of their being an active part of this world. Their religions have not turned them away from putting their reliance upon men and man-made institutions. Even the people of Christendom have no outlook except to depend further upon men to work out world problems and bring relief. They are, in effect, modern-day Babylonians, and what they feed upon religiously does not really satisfy or bring true relief. 18. (a) By means of what covenant does Jehovah have a people in relationship with him today? (b) Who are the people that stick faithfully to this new covenant? 18 Back in the sixth century B.C.E. those who should not have been the “prisoners” of ancient Babylon were those who were in the Mosaic Law covenant with Jehovah God. If they had lovingly carried out their covenant obligations to Him, they would not have been exiles in heathen Babylonia, far away from their desolated homeland. Today, Jehovah still has a people in relationship with Him by a national covenant. Of this covenant, Jehovah’s Messianic Servant is the Mediator, one greater than the prophet Moses. Theirs is the covenant that replaced the Mosaic Law covenant in the year 33 C.E. It is the new covenant, as foretold in Jeremiah 31:31-34. When setting up the Lord’s Supper in remembrance of his sacrificial death, Jesus Christ spoke of his blood as providing the means to seal and validate that new covenant. (Matthew 26:26-30; Luke 22:19, 20; 1 Corinthians 11:20-26) Obediently Jehovah’s Christian witnesses celebrate this Lord’s Supper each year on its anniversary date. They stick faithfully to Jehovah’s new covenant. 19. By what means did Babylon the Great get Jehovah’s Christian witnesses in her power during the course of World War I, and how did the prospects for them appear? 19 All of Babylon the Great as a world empire of false religion has unceasingly opposed Jehovah’s Christian witnesses. During the course of World War I in 1914-1918 C.E., she really got them in her power by means of her worldly, secular paramours. By means of political, military and judicial authorities Babylon the Great brought upon these worshipers of Jehovah all manner of persecution, including bans upon their religious literature by means of which they studied the Holy Bible. Their organization for openly spreading the good news of the Bible was badly crippled, particularly when members of the governing body of Jehovah’s visible organization were imprisoned under charges that, after the war, were reversed and thrown out of court. The prospects for a change in the situation were very dim, and the worst was awaited with feelings of resignation and submission to Jehovah’s will. Providentially, the official magazine, The Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence, continued to be published semimonthly, for the spiritual upbuilding of those to whom it was available, despite wartime conditions. 20, 21. How did the circumstances of Jehovah’s worshipers on earth make the time after World War I an appropriate one for a modern-day application of Isaiah 55:1, 2? 20 However, suddenly, there came an end to World War I. It did not lead on, as Bible students expected, into world revolution and anarchy or the battle of Armageddon. And the sincere worshipers of Jehovah, who were in the new covenant with him through his Mediator Jesus Christ, found themselves still in the flesh on the earth. But still in captivity to Babylon the Great and her political, military, judicial paramours! An unexpected postwar period opened before them, with possibilities for renewing and carrying forward the proclamation of the good news of God’s Word. Here, now, was a most appropriate time for the God whom they worshiped in spite of all the opposition and oppression by Babylon the Great to do something in their behalf and for His own name’s sake. Here was the due time for the modern equivalent of Isaiah’s life-renewing message to be sent forth: 21 “Hey there, all you thirsty ones! Come to the water. And the ones that have no money! Come, buy [grain] and eat. Yes, come, buy wine and milk even without money and without price. Why do you people keep paying out money for what is not bread, and why is your toil for what results in no satisfaction? Listen intently to me, and eat what is good, and let your soul find its exquisite delight in fatness itself.”​—Isaiah 55:1, 2. 22. What was it that then proved to be like water, bread, wine and milk to Jehovah’s modern-day people? 22 Such a message did come from Jehovah God, through his Messianic Servant, Jesus Christ. It was meant to lift His people out of their depressed, negative state of mind and to infuse life and hope into them. What, then, would be like water, to quench their raging thirst for truth and righteousness? Like bread, to feed and strengthen their heartfelt devotion to God? Like wine, to make their hearts rejoice with health-giving joy? Like milk, to fatten and enrich their state of well-being in relationship with the one living and true God? (Psalm 104:15) It was the Scriptural message of deliverance from Babylon the Great by means of the established Messianic kingdom of God! It was the message of their liberation from the slavish bondage to this world, which is the “friend” of Babylon the Great, in order for them to fight for freedom of worship and to proclaim world wide the good news of God’s kingdom for the blessing of all distressed humanity. 23. How did it prove true that this provision was made available “without money and without price”? 23 The oppressed worshipers of Jehovah God did not have to pay for this message of liberation! They did not have to buy their way out of captivity and bondage to Babylon the Great! The message was offered to them freely to accept, and they must act upon it with courage and conviction! Then it would be like refreshing water, strengthening bread, joy-giving wine and fattening milk. “You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”​—John 8:32. 24. In the spring of 1919, what evidence of the liberation was there? 24 A concrete symbol of this liberation came in the spring of 1919, the first postwar year, with the release of the members of the governing body of Jehovah’s Christian worshipers from imprisonment in the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Shortly afterward the federal charges against these accused Christians were reversed, and later thrown out of court. Thus the members of the governing body of Jehovah’s Christian worshipers were relieved of the false charges of being lawless citizens, dangerous to the security of the country. Now, in appreciation of Christian freedom that comes from Jehovah through Jesus Christ his Servant, a more advanced study of His Holy Scriptures was made to ascertain what was the divine will for His people in this unexpected postwar period. 25. (a) To infuse God’s servants with courage, what was done in 1919? (b) Of what was announcement of the release of the magazine The Golden Age a sign? 25 Bible study left no uncertainty regarding the divine will. It pointed unerringly to the Kingdom work that was ahead for the worshipers of Jehovah that had survived the persecutions and hard times of World War I. So, in order to infuse courage into their hearts, the leading article eninputd “Blessed Are the Fearless,” in two parts, appeared in the issues of August 1 and 15, 1919, of The Watch Tower. This theme was the keynote of the General Convention of these worshipers for eight days, September 1-8, at Cedar Point, Ohio. As a sign that there was more spiritual food in store for them and also more and greater work ahead, a thrilling announcement was made to the 6,000 conventioners by the president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society on September 5, 1919. To what effect? That the Society was going to publish another magazine besides The Watch Tower. This new biweekly magazine was to be called “The Golden Age” and would be complementary to the official magazine of Jehovah’s Christian worshipers. It too was meant to announce God’s kingdom. 26. As stated in its first issue, for what reason was The Golden Age published? 26 Showing the then-existing background in front of which this new magazine made its debut on October 1, 1919, the salutation in the opening issue said, in part: Its purpose is to explain in the light of Divine wisdom the true meaning of the great phenomena of the present day and to prove to thinking minds by evidence incontrovertible and convincing that the time of a greater blessing of mankind is now at hand. Like a voice in the wilderness of confusion, its mission is to announce the incoming of the Golden Age. There are more sad hearts in the world to-day than at any time of its history. A devastating war has afflicted the nations until they are torn and bleeding to death. Accompanying the war came the great pestilential influenza, claiming double the number of victims that fell as a result of the war. In the past few years, millions have gone down into death and other millions bemoan the loss of their loved ones. Everywhere the cost of living mounts higher and higher and conditions of real want and famine stare many people in the face. In practically all the trades of the world the laborers are on strike or threatening to strike and thereby stop the wheels of commerce. There is a general unrest everywhere. The financiers are no less in perplexity. . . . THE GOLDEN AGE will carry into the homes of the people the desired message which will tend to restore calmness to the disturbed minds and comfort to the saddened hearts. We do not expect to accomplish this by human wisdom, because that has been tried and failed and such wisdom is foolishness in the sight of Jehovah. But we will point the people to the clear and indisputable evidence in the light of present-day events, disclosing the divinely expressed remedy for the reconstruction of human affairs that will bring the desire of all nations, assuring to the people life, liberty and happiness. We invite all order-loving, law-abiding, God-fearing persons to aid in passing this message of comfort on to those who desire to be comforted. 27, 28. To what grand hope did this magazine point, but what must come first? 27 Here, then, was a brand-new magazine pointing fearlessly forward to the restoration of paradise to this earth and the making of it earth wide for the enjoyment of all people of whatever race, color or national extraction. However, before this literal earthly paradise is introduced to mankind by God’s Messianic kingdom, there must be established a spiritual paradise among Jehovah’s Christian worshipers now restored to his favor. This was why, after extending the invitation to partake of God’s life-giving provisions, the fifty-fifth chapter of Isaiah said: 28 “Incline your ear and come to me. Listen, and your soul will keep alive, and I shall readily conclude with you people an indefinitely lasting covenant respecting the loving-kindnesses to David that are faithful. Look! As a witness to the national groups I have given him, as a leader and commander to the national groups.”​—Isaiah 55:3, 4. THE EVERLASTING KINGDOM COVENANT 29. (a) What would be the effect on those who inclined their ear and came to Jehovah, in response to the invitation found at Isaiah 55:3, 4? (b) What connection is there between these blessings and “the loving-kindnesses to David that are faithful”? 29 Those who inclined their ear and came to Jehovah in the postwar year of 1919 C.E. would have their spiritual life renewed and sustained by the spiritual provisions that Jehovah now invited his people to partake of and enjoy. Their soul would keep alive with spiritual health. The channel for all these restoration blessings for his faithful Christian worshipers would be the Messianic kingdom that had been born in the heavens in the year 1914 at the close of the “times of the Gentiles.” (Luke 21:24, AV; Daniel 4:16, 23, 25, 32; Revelation 12:1-10) This was what was meant by Jehovah’s promise to conclude with the Kingdom proclaimers the indefinitely lasting covenant “respecting the loving-kindnesses to David that are faithful.” Those divine loving-kindnesses meant that the right to the kingdom would continue in the family line of King David of Jerusalem down to his most illustrious Descendant, the promised Messiah, and then the Messianic kingdom would belong to this One forever. 30, 31. (a) How did those loving-kindnesses as promised to David prove to be “faithful”? (b) What application of the promise at Isaiah 55:3 did the apostle Paul make when speaking in Antioch of Pisidia? 30 In being “faithful” those loving-kindnesses to David were lasting, firmly established. (2 Samuel 7:11-16) In confirmation of this, it was said, in Psalm 89:28, 29: “To time indefinite I shall preserve my loving-kindness toward him, and my covenant will be faithful to him. And I shall certainly set up his seed forever and his throne as the days of heaven.” (Also, Jeremiah 33:19-21) Those divine loving-kindnesses as promised to King David did prove to be faithful, for they came to their culmination upon one who was to be an everlasting King, the Messiah. There is no room for question as to who this was, for the apostle Paul applied to Jesus Christ the promise of Isaiah 55:3. 31 Speaking in the Jewish synagogue in Antioch of Pisidia, Asia Minor, the apostle Paul said to his audience: “We are declaring to you the good news about the promise made to the forefathers, that God has entirely fulfilled it to us their children in that he resurrected Jesus; even as it is written in the second psalm, ‘You are my son, I have become your Father this day.’ And that fact that he resurrected him from the dead destined no more to return to corruption, he has stated in this way, ‘I will give you people the loving-kindnesses to David that are faithful.’ Hence he also says in another psalm, ‘You will not allow your loyal one to see corruption.’ For David, on the one hand, served the express will of God in his own generation and fell asleep in death and was laid with his forefathers and did see corruption. On the other hand, he whom God raised up did not see corruption.”​—Acts 13:32-37. 32. In whom does Isaiah 55:4 find its fulfillment? 32 So that Messianic kingdom which was established in the heavens in 1914 in the hands of the resurrected, incorruptible Jesus Christ has continued in operation down till now and will carry on for a thousand years to come for the blessing of mankind in an earthly paradise. Consequently, Jehovah God was not referring to the still-dead David when he went on to say, in Isaiah 55:4: “Look! As a witness to the national groups I have given him, as a leader and commander to the national groups.” No, but Jehovah is there referring to David’s promised Descendant, Jesus Christ, in whom the covenant with David for an everlasting kingdom comes to rest. 33. In behalf of whom is he a “witness to the national groups”? 33 This one is given as a “witness to the national groups” in behalf of whom? In behalf of the Giver himself, Jehovah. Jesus Christ was His witness on earth, Jehovah’s witness. In Isaiah 43:9, Jehovah challenges all the gods of the nations to prove that they are really living gods who can correctly predict the things ahead of us. Let these false gods produce their witnesses so that the people can hear from these witnesses about what their gods have said in prophesying and then say, “It is the truth!” Those false gods could not do this. But Jehovah as the living and truthful God can produce witnesses for his side, and His greatest witness ever on earth was his only-begotten Son, Jesus Christ. He was a fleshly member of the nation to whom Isaiah 43:10 is directed, saying: “‘You are my witnesses,’ is the utterance of Jehovah, ‘even my servant whom I have chosen.’” 34. (a) To whom first, when a man on earth, was Jesus a witness? (b) As foretold, who else would hear his witness, and how has this been accomplished? 34 As a perfect man on earth, Jesus Christ repeatedly said that he was bearing witness to his heavenly Father, Jehovah God. At that time, this witness was particularly to the Jewish nation. In Revelation 1:5 the apostle John speaks of him as “Jesus Christ, ‘the Faithful Witness,’ ‘The firstborn from the dead,’ and ‘The Ruler of the kings of the earth.’” Also, in Revelation 3:14, the resurrected, glorified Jesus Christ introduces himself to the congregation in Laodicea, Asia Minor, saying: “These are the things that the Amen says, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation by God.” But Jehovah was to give the Messiah Jesus as a witness, not just to the Jewish nation alone, but also “to the national groups.” His witness concerning the God of whom he is the Messianic Servant is for all mankind regardless of nationality, color or race. By means of his faithful fellow witnesses on earth today he is giving this vital witness. Today, Jehovah’s Christian witnesses are very pleased to give the same witness that Jesus Christ did, in more than two hundred lands and island groups, “to the national groups.” 35, 36. (a) The faithfulness that Jesus has demonstrated as a witness gives assurance of what? (b) As to Jesus’ being a “leader and commander,” what parallels do we observe in the case of David? 35 A true and reliable witness needs to be given first before action is taken toward those to whom the witness has been given. (Matthew 24:14) Jesus Christ was faithful on earth as a witness to divine truth. (John 18:37) He died for the cause of such truth. 36 We can be sure that he will be just as faithful in the executive capacities that are bestowed upon him in the heavens. His God gives him as more than a “witness to the national groups.” He gives him thereafter as a “leader and commander to the national groups.” Jehovah raised up David from being a mere shepherd boy at Bethlehem-Judah to be a “leader” to God’s people. (2 Samuel 7:8) As he was a member of the tribe of Judah, then, when David became king over all Israel, the “commander’s staff” came to be placed between the feet of a descendant of Judah as he sat upon his royal throne. (Genesis 49:10) It was then never to turn aside from the possession of the tribe of Judah until the Messiah came, the Shiloh, or, “the one whose it is.” 37. What kind of “leader and commander” does Jesus Christ prove to be? 37 Although being a descendant of King David, the promised Messiah or Shiloh was to be greater than King David. He was to be the Lord even of King David. (Psalm 110:1, 2) This would call for the Messiah to be nothing less also than a “leader and commander,” as David had been to his nation, and this, not only to Israel, but also “to the national groups.” This is what the people of all the nations need, a “leader and commander” who has been given by Jehovah God to be a true Representative of Him. Then the people can be certain that this Messianic “leader and commander” will lead and direct them in a way in harmony with God’s will, for their everlasting good. This is what they will have in the resurrected, glorified Jesus Christ, who sat down at God’s right hand in the heavens. This is why he is now called in heaven a lionlike Ruler, for it is said up there: “The Lion that is of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has conquered.”​—Revelation 5:5. 38. How is it possible for us to receive the lasting benefits that were covenanted for Messiah’s subjects? 38 Those who accept the witness that the Messiah Jesus gives and who follow his leadership and obey his commands are blessed. For this reason the “indefinitely lasting covenant” that Jehovah made with King David for an everlasting kingdom takes effect toward those who willingly become the subjects of the Messiah Jesus. This Messianic government is established over them. So they get the lasting benefits from the fact that Jehovah has faithfully stuck to his promised “loving-kindnesses to David” down to the coming of the promised Messiah, yes, down to the end of the Gentile Times in the autumn of the year 1914 C.E. In such a way these loving-kindnesses were covenanted for Messiah’s subjects. These obedient subjects get the grand blessings of the Messianic kingdom that God’s loving-kindnesses have brought about, especially in the case of those spiritual Israelites who will become joint heirs with Christ in the heavenly kingdom. 39. (a) Who received the benefits first, and in what way? (b) Who else are now joining in the spiritual feast? 39 Those who first get the benefits of this kingdom that was brought to birth in the heavens in 1914 C.E. are those who, in 1919 C.E., acted upon the divine invitation to come and partake of the water, the bread, the milk and the wine that Jehovah had provided for them in a spiritual way. (Revelation 12:1-6, 14) Their subjecting themselves to the newly born kingdom of the Messiah meant liberation for them from Babylon the Great, the world empire of false religion. The remnant of spiritual Israelites on earth, who had become captives of Babylon the Great during World War I, were the first to respond to Jehovah’s cordial invitation to the spiritual feast of Kingdom blessings in freedom. Since the spring of the year 1935 a “great crowd” of people of all nationalities, who were seeking to get free from Babylon the Great and worship the true God, have joined the remnant of spiritual Israelites in enjoying the grand spiritual feast. (Revelation 7:9-17) From this fact we can discern how the invitation to the soul-satisfying feast is instructioned with the established Messianic kingdom. THE SEARCH FOR JEHOVAH AS GOD 40. How do the Scriptures foretell an increase of worshipers of Jehovah who do not belong to spiritual Israel? 40 An increase of worshipers of Jehovah as the God of the Bible was predicted, an increase that would take in a “great crowd” from people not belonging to spiritual Israel. (Revelation 7:1-8) “Look!” Isaiah 55:5 continues on to say, “A nation that you do not know you will call, and those of a nation who have not known you will run even to you, for the sake of Jehovah your God, and for the Holy One of Israel, because he will have beautified you.” 41. (a) During the time of their Babylonish captivity, did the spiritual Israelites know about the ingathering of these other worshipers? (b) To whom would these worshipers from outside spiritual Israel come? 41 What delightful surprises this promise indicates! During the Babylonish captivity of the remnant of spiritual Israel, they had no idea that they would call a “nation” outside of themselves. Such a nation they did not know according to their understanding of the Scriptures at that time. During their captivity such a thing seemed out of the question and not within the purpose of God. Yet in His due time they would “call” or invite a “nation,” any nation outside of spiritual Israel. Their issuing such a call would require that they themselves first be liberated from bondage to Babylon the Great! But would there be a response to such a call to indiscriminate nations? Particularly in the case of people of a “nation who have not known you,” people who have not hitherto given any due recognition to the remnant of spiritual Israel? Yes, says Isaiah 55:5 to spiritual Israel, they “will run even to you.” Ah, yes, they will hasten to come to the remnant of spiritual Israel that survived World War I. 42. Who really would be the attraction, though, as stated in the prophecy? 42 How, though, could this come about? This in the face of the fact that the remnant of spiritual Israel would be “objects of hatred by all the nations”? (Matthew 24:9) It would take place “for the sake of Jehovah your God.” Not the hated remnant of spiritual Israel in itself, but “Jehovah your God” would be the attraction. He was going to do something for them because they had not adopted the false gods of Babylon the Great but had stuck to Him as the true Deity to worship. What, then, would He do for them? This is specified in the further words, “and for the Holy One of Israel, because he will have beautified you.” 43. (a) How has Jehovah “beautified” his spiritual Israelites, thus making them attractive to honest-hearted ones? (b) Into what condition did God thus usher his earthly worshipers, and why? 43 Instead of having any longer the appearance of downcast, ill-fed, ill-clothed captives of Babylon the Great, they would now have an attractive beauty about them as spiritual Israelites. This did not mean that they would cease to be “objects of hatred by all the nations.” It meant that they would become a spiritually free people in Christ. The Holy One of Israel would clothe them with a spiritual beauty, by their being well fed on the spiritual feast that he was now spreading for them. He would clothe them with spiritual beauty by making them His representatives for the newly born kingdom of his Messiah. They would be recognized by honest-hearted ones as being the people who have the true God for worship, and that this God is among them. They would have His truth and be the bearers of the good news of the Kingdom to all the nations for a witness. Because of no longer being under divine disfavor on account of their recent failure, now that they had shown their repentance toward God, they would be ushered into a spiritual paradise, which would stand out in stark contrast to the religious condition of Babylon the Great. Thus these internationally hated ones would be graced with a spiritual attractiveness, to Jehovah’s praise. 44. (a) In what way has the remnant of spiritual Israel ‘called’ the “nation” that they at first did not know about? (b) In doing so, how did they give due prominence to the name of their God? (c) What moved others to run to the remnant of spiritual Israel and to become Jehovah’s Christian witnesses? 44 So from 1919 C.E. forward, the remnant of spiritual Israel began calling the “nation” that they at first did not know about by preaching “this good news of the kingdom” to more and more nations. (Matthew 24:14) They did not fear that they would be shunned because of having God’s name called upon them, but, after years of witnessing to Him world wide, they embraced the fitting name for themselves, Jehovah’s witnesses, his Christian witnesses. This began on Sunday, July 26, 1931, at the international convention that they held in Columbus, Ohio. Despite the prejudice against the divine name, even in Christendom, many searchers for God began running to the remnant of spiritual Israel. They saw in the remnant of spiritual Israelites a spiritual beauty that Christendom and pagandom did not discern or recognize. They came running by the hundreds from the spring of 1935 onward. They desired to enjoy the spiritual paradise that the members of the remnant were enjoying since their restoration to the favor of Jehovah. Without fear of reproach, they too accepted the designation Jehovah’s Christian witnesses. 45, 46. (a) Despite world conflict, to what extent has there been increase in the number of worshipers of Jehovah? (b) What present blessing and future prospect is theirs? 45 The running of all nationalities to the remnant has continued throughout the years since then. Not even the greater world conflict, World War II, stopped the running of those searching for the right God to adore and serve. With the help that these have given to the remnant, the “call” has widened out to more and more lands and territories, and increasing thousands have had their attention called to the spiritual feast in the spiritual paradise by the commanding call: “Hey there, all you thirsty ones! Come.” 46 Those who have come running have increased to a “great crowd,” the final number of which is not now known. (Revelation 7:9, 10) They have become spiritually alive, just as Isaiah 55:3 urges: “Listen, and your soul will keep alive.” This may include their being preserved alive in the flesh through the coming “great tribulation” in which Babylon the Great and the whole worldly system of things will pass out of existence. The spiritual paradise and its happy inhabiters will survive, to Jehovah’s praise and to the honor of his Messianic kingdom.​—Matthew 24:21, 22; Revelation 7:14.

Is Coffee Raising Your Cholesterol Level?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102000005

Is Coffee Raising Your Cholesterol Level? BY AWAKE! CORRESPONDENT IN BRAZIL RESEARCHERS at the Wageningen Agricultural University, in the Netherlands, say that drinking unfiltered coffee will raise your cholesterol level. The crucial word is “unfiltered.” Why? Research Reports, a newsletter from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, says that coffee beans contain a cholesterol-raising substance called cafestol. When hot water is poured directly on the ground coffee, the cafestol is extracted. The same is true when finely ground coffee is boiled in water several times, as it is in Turkish coffee, or when a metal filter is used instead of a paper filter, such as in a French press. Without a paper filter, the cafestol ends up in the brew. One unfiltered cup of coffee, which may contain up to four milligrams of cafestol, can cause the cholesterol level to rise by about 1 percent. Espresso also contains cafestol, since it is made without a paper filter. However, its cholesterol-raising effect is less if you use a demitasse. Less espresso, less cafestol—perhaps as little as one or two milligrams per cup. Research Reports cautions, though, that five small cups of espresso a day can raise the body’s cholesterol level by 2 percent. The bottom line is that coffee made with a paper filter is cafestol free.

Mankind’s Search for God (sh) 1990

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/sh

Chapter 11 Apostasy​—The Way to God Blocked 1, 2. (a) Why are the first 400 years of Christendom’s history important? (b) What truth on choices did Jesus express? WHY are Christendom’s first 400 years of history so important? For the same reason that the first few years of a child’s life are important​—because they are the formative years when the foundation is laid for the future personality of the individual. What do Christendom’s early centuries reveal? 2 Before we answer that question, let us recall a truth that Jesus Christ expressed: “Go in through the narrow gate; because broad and spacious is the road leading off into destruction, and many are the ones going in through it; whereas narrow is the gate and cramped the road leading off into life, and few are the ones finding it.” The road of expediency is broad; that of right principles is narrow.​—Matthew 7:13, 14. 3. What two courses were available at the inception of Christianity? 3 At the inception of Christianity, there were two ways available to those espousing that unpopular faith​—hold to the uncompromising teachings and principles of Christ and the Scriptures or gravitate toward the wide and easygoing path of compromise with the world of that time. As we will see, the history of the first 400 years shows which path the majority eventually chose. The Seduction of Philosophy 4. According to historian Durant, how did pagan Rome affect the early church? 4 Historian Will Durant explains: “The Church took over some religious customs and forms common in pre-Christian [pagan] Rome​—the stole and other vestments of pagan priests, the use of incense and holy water in purifications, the burning of candles and an everlasting light before the altar, the worship of the saints, the architecture of the basilica, the law of Rome as a basis for canon law, the input of Pontifex Maximus for the Supreme Pontiff, and, in the fourth century, the Latin language . . . Soon the bishops, rather than the Roman prefects, would be the source of order and the seat of power in the cities; the metropolitans, or archbishops, would support, if not supplant, the provincial governors; and the synod of bishops would succeed the provincial assembly. The Roman Church followed in the footsteps of the Roman state.”​—The Story of Civilization: Part III—​Caesar and Christ. 5. How does the attitude of compromise with the pagan Roman world contrast with early Christian writings? 5 This attitude of compromise with the Roman world stands in stark contrast to the teachings of Christ and the apostles. (See box, page 262.) The apostle Peter counseled: “Beloved ones, . . . I am arousing your clear thinking faculties by way of a reminder, that you should remember the sayings previously spoken by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles. You, therefore, beloved ones, having this advance knowledge, be on your guard that you may not be led away with them by the error of the law-defying people and fall from your own steadfastness.” Paul clearly counseled: “Do not become unevenly yoked with unbelievers. For what fellowship do righteousness and lawlessness have? Or what sharing does light have with darkness? . . . ‘“Therefore get out from among them, and separate yourselves,” says Jehovah, “and quit touching the unclean thing”’; ‘“and I will take you in.”’”​—2 Peter 3:1, 2, 17; 2 Corinthians 6:14-17; Revelation 18:2-5. 6, 7. (a) How were early church “fathers” influenced by Greek philosophy? (b) In which teachings did the Greek influence especially show up? (c) What warning about philosophy did Paul give? 6 In spite of this clear admonition, apostate Christians of the second century took on the trappings of the pagan Roman religion. They moved away from their pure Biblical origins and instead clothed themselves with pagan Roman garb and inputs and became imbued with Greek philosophy. Professor Wolfson of Harvard University explains in The Crucible of Christianity that in the second century, there was a great influx into Christianity of “philosophically trained gentiles.” These admired the wisdom of the Greeks and thought they saw similarities between Greek philosophy and teachings of the Scriptures. Wolfson continues: “Sometimes they variously express themselves to the effect that philosophy is God’s special gift to the Greeks by way of human reason as Scripture is to the Jews by way of direct revelation.” He continues: “The Fathers of the Church . . . entered upon their systematic undertaking to show how, behind the homely language in which Scripture likes to express itself, there are hidden the teachings of the philosophers couched in the obscure technical terms coined in their Academy, Lyceum, and Porch [centers for philosophical discussion].” 7 Such an attitude left the way open for Greek philosophy and terminology to infiltrate Christendom’s teachings, especially in the fields of Trinitarian doctrine and the belief in an immortal soul. As Wolfson states: “The [church] Fathers began to look in the stockpile of philosophic terminology for two good technical terms, of which one would be used as a designation of the reality of the distinctness of each member of the Trinity as an individual and the other would be used as a designation of their underlying common unity.” Yet, they had to admit that “the conception of a triune God is a mystery which cannot be solved by human reason.” In contrast, Paul had clearly recognized the danger of such contamination and ‘perversion of the good news’ when he wrote to the Galatian and Colossian Christians: “Look out: perhaps there may be someone who will carry you off as his prey through the philosophy [Greek, phi·lo·so·phiʹas] and empty deception according to the tradition of men, according to the elementary things of the world and not according to Christ.”​—Galatians 1:7-9; Colossians 2:8; 1 Corinthians 1:22, 23. Resurrection Annulled 8. With what enigma has man struggled, and how have most religions tried to resolve it? 8 As we have seen throughout this book, man has constantly struggled with the enigma of his short and finite existence that ends in death. As German author Gerhard Herm stated in his book The Celts​—The People Who Came Out of the Darkness: “Religion is among other things a way of reconciling people to the fact that some day they must die, whether by the promise of a better life beyond the grave, rebirth, or both.” Virtually every religion depends on the belief that the human soul is immortal and that after death it journeys to an afterlife or that it transmigrates to another creature. 9. What did Spanish scholar Miguel de Unamuno conclude regarding Jesus’ belief on the resurrection? 9 Nearly all the religions of Christendom today also follow that belief. Miguel de Unamuno, a prominent 20th-century Spanish scholar, wrote about Jesus: “He believed rather in the resurrection of the flesh [such as Lazarus’ case (see pages 249-52)], according to the Jewish manner, not in the immortality of the soul, according to the [Greek] Platonic manner. . . . The proofs of this can be seen in any honest book of interpretation.” He concluded: “The immortality of the soul . . . is a pagan philosophical dogma.” (La Agonía Del Cristianismo [The Agony of Christianity]) That “pagan philosophical dogma” infiltrated into Christendom’s teaching, even though Christ plainly had no such thought.​—Matthew 10:28; John 5:28, 29; 11:23, 24. 10. What were some consequences of belief in an immortal soul? 10 The subtle influence of Greek philosophy was a key factor in the apostasy that followed the death of the apostles. The Greek immortal soul teaching implied a need for various destinations for the soul​—heaven, hellfire, purgatory, paradise, Limbo.a By manipulating such teachings, it became easy for a priestly class to keep their flocks submissive and in fear of the Hereafter and to extract gifts and donations from them. Which leads us to another question: How did Christendom’s separate priestly clergy class originate?​—John 8:44; 1 Timothy 4:1, 2. How the Clergy Class Was Formed 11, 12. (a) What was another sign of apostasy that arose? (b) What role was played by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem? 11 Another indication of apostasy was the retreat from the general ministry of all Christians, as Jesus and the apostles had taught, to the exclusive priesthood and hierarchy that developed in Christendom. (Matthew 5:14-16; Romans 10:13-15; 1 Peter 3:15) During the first century, after Jesus’ death, his apostles, along with other spiritually qualified Christian elders in Jerusalem, served to counsel and direct the Christian congregation. None exercised superiority over the others.​—Galatians 2:9. 12 In the year 49 C.E., it became necessary for them to meet together in Jerusalem to resolve questions affecting Christians in general. The Bible account tells us that after open discussion, “the apostles and the older men [pre·sbyʹte·roi] together with the whole congregation favored sending chosen men from among them to Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas, . . . and by their hand they wrote: ‘The apostles and the older men, brothers, to those brothers in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia who are from the nations: Greetings!’” Evidently the apostles and elders served as an administrative governing agency for the widespread Christian congregations.​—Acts 15:22, 23. 13. (a) What arrangement existed for immediate oversight of each of the early Christian congregations? (b) What were the qualifications for congregation elders? 13 Now since that governing group in Jerusalem was the early Christian arrangement for general oversight for all Christians, what system of direction did they have in each congregation, at the local level? Paul’s letter to Timothy makes it clear that the congregations had overseers (Greek, e·piʹsko·pos, source of the word “episcopal”) who were spiritual elders (pre·sbyʹte·roi), men who were qualified by their conduct and their spirituality to teach their fellow Christians. (1 Timothy 3:1-7; 5:17) In the first century, these men did not constitute a separate clergy class. They did not wear any distinctive garb. Their spirituality was their distinction. In fact, each congregation had a body of elders (overseers), not a monarchical one-man rule.​—Acts 20:17; Philippians 1:1. 14. (a) How were Christian overseers eventually superseded by Christendom’s bishops? (b) Who strove for primacy among the bishops? 14 It was only as time passed that the word e·piʹsko·posb (overseer, superintendent) became converted to “bishop,” meaning a priest with jurisdiction over other members of the clergy in his diocese. As the Spanish Jesuit Bernardino Llorca explains: “First, there was not sufficient distinction made between the bishops and the presbyters, and attention was only paid to the meaning of the words: bishop is the equivalent of superintendent; presbyter is the equivalent of older man. . . . But little by little the distinction became clearer, designating with the name bishop the more important superintendents, who possessed the supreme priestly authority and the faculty to lay on hands and confer the priesthood.” (Historia de la Iglesia Católica [History of the Catholic Church]) In fact, bishops began to function in a kind of monarchical system, especially from the beginning of the fourth century. A hierarchy, or ruling body of clergy, was established, and in time the bishop of Rome, claiming to be a successor to Peter, was acknowledged by many as the supreme bishop and pope. 15. What gulf exists between the early Christian leadership and that of Christendom? 15 Today the position of bishop in the different churches of Christendom is a position of prestige and power, usually well remunerated, and often identified with the elite ruling class of each nation. But between their proud and elevated situation and the simplicity of organization under Christ and the elders, or overseers, of the early Christian congregations, there is an enormous difference. And what shall we say of the gulf between Peter and his so-called successors, who have ruled in the sumptuous setting of the Vatican?​—Luke 9:58; 1 Peter 5:1-3. Papal Power and Prestige 16, 17. (a) How do we know that the early Roman congregation was not under the control of a bishop or pope? (b) How did the use of the input “pope” develop? 16 Among the early congregations that accepted direction from the apostles and elders in Jerusalem was the one in Rome, where Christian truth probably arrived sometime after Pentecost 33 C.E. (Acts 2:10) Like any other Christian congregation of the time, it had elders, who served as a body of overseers without any one of them having the primacy. Certainly none of the earliest overseers in the Rome congregation were viewed by their contemporaries as bishops or as a pope, since the monarchical episcopate at Rome had not yet developed. The starting point of the monarchical, or one-man, episcopate is hard to pin down. Evidence indicates that it began to develop in the second century.​—Romans 16:3-16; Philippians 1:1. 17 The input “pope” (from the Greek paʹpas, father) was not used during the first two centuries. Former Jesuit Michael Walsh explains: “The first time a Bishop of Rome was called ‘Pope’ seems to have been in the third century, and the input was given to Pope Callistus . . . By the end of the fifth century ‘Pope’ usually meant the Bishop of Rome and no one else. It was not until the eleventh century, however, that a Pope could insist that the input applied to him alone.”​—An Illustrated History of the Popes. 18. (a) Who was one of the first bishops of Rome to impose his authority? (b) On what is the papal claim of primacy based? (c) What is the proper understanding of Matthew 16:18, 19? 18 One of the first bishops of Rome to impose his authority was Pope Leo I (pope, 440-461 C.E.). Michael Walsh further explains: “Leo appropriated the once pagan input of Pontifex Maximus, still used by the popes today, and borne, until towards the end of the fourth century, by Roman Emperors.” Leo I based his actions on the Catholic interpretation of Jesus’ words found at Matthew 16:18, 19. (See box, page 268.) He “declared that because St. Peter was the first among the Apostles, St. Peter’s church should be accorded primacy among the churches.” (Man’s Religions) By this move, Leo I made it clear that while the emperor held temporal power in Constantinople in the East, he exercised spiritual power from Rome in the West. This power was further illustrated when Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 C.E. 19, 20. (a) How has the pope been viewed in modern times? (b) What are some of the pope’s official inputs? (c) What contrast can be seen between the conduct of popes and that of Peter? 19 Since 1929 the pope of Rome has been viewed by secular governments as the ruler of a separate sovereign state, Vatican City. Thus, the Roman Catholic Church, like no other religious organization, can send diplomatic representatives, nuncios, to the governments of the world. (John 18:36) The pope is honored with many inputs, some of which are Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor to the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West, Primate of Italy, Sovereign of the Vatican City. He is carried with pomp and ceremony. He is given the honors assigned to a head of State. In contrast, note how Peter, supposedly the first pope and bishop of Rome, reacted when the Roman centurion Cornelius fell down at his feet to do obeisance to him: “Peter lifted him up, saying: ‘Rise; I myself am also a man.’”​—Acts 10:25, 26; Matthew 23:8-12. 20 The question now is, How did so much power and prestige ever accrue to the apostate church of those early centuries? How was the simplicity and humility of Christ and the early Christians converted into the pride and pomp of Christendom? Christendom’s Foundation 21, 22. What great change supposedly took place in the life of Constantine, and how did he exploit it? 21 The turning point for this new religion in the Roman Empire was 313 C.E., the date of Emperor Constantine’s so-called conversion to “Christianity.” How did this conversion come about? In 306 C.E., Constantine succeeded his father and eventually, with Licinius, became coruler of the Roman Empire. He was influenced by his mother’s devotion to Christianity and his own belief in divine protection. Before he went to fight a battle near Rome at the Milvian Bridge in 312 C.E., he claimed that he was told in a dream to paint the “Christian” monogram​—the Greek letters khi and rho, the first two letters of Christ’s name in Greek—​on his soldiers’ shields.c With this ‘sacred talisman,’ Constantine’s forces defeated his enemy Maxentius. 22 Shortly after winning the battle, Constantine claimed that he had become a believer, although he was not baptized until just prior to his death some 24 years later. He went on to obtain the support of the professed Christians in his empire by “his adoption of the [Greek letters] Chi-Rho [Artwork​—Greek characters] as his emblem . . . The Chi-Rho had, however, already been used as a ligature [joining of letters] in both pagan and Christian contexts.”​—The Crucible of Christianity, edited by Arnold Toynbee. 23. (a) According to one commentator, when did Christendom begin? (b) Why can we say that Christ did not found Christendom? 23 As a result, the foundation of Christendom was laid. As British broadcaster Malcolm Muggeridge wrote in his book The End of Christendom: “Christendom began with the Emperor Constantine.” However, he also made the perceptive comment: “You might even say that Christ himself abolished Christendom before it began by stating that his kingdom was not of this world​—one of the most far reaching and important of all his statements.” And one most widely ignored by Christendom’s religious and political rulers.​—John 18:36. 24. With Constantine’s “conversion,” what change came about in the church? 24 With Constantine’s support, Christendom’s religion became the official State religion of Rome. Elaine Pagels, a professor of religion, explains: “Christian bishops, once targets for arrest, torture, and execution, now received tax exemptions, gifts from the imperial treasury, prestige, and even influence at court; their churches gained new wealth, power, and prominence.” They had become friends of the emperor, friends of the Roman world.​—James 4:4. Constantine, Heresy, and Orthodoxy 25. (a) By Constantine’s time what theological debate was raging? (b) Before the fourth century, what situation existed with regard to the understanding of Christ’s relationship to his Father? 25 Why was Constantine’s “conversion” so significant? Because as emperor he had a powerful influence in the affairs of the doctrinally divided “Christian” church, and he wanted unity in his empire. At that time debate was raging among the Greek- and Latin-speaking bishops about “the relation between the ‘Word’ or ‘Son’ of ‘God’ which had been incarnate in Jesus, and ‘God’ himself, now called ‘the Father’​—his name, Yahweh, having been generally forgotten.” (The Columbia History of the World) Some favored the Biblically supported viewpoint that Christ, the Loʹgos, was created and therefore subordinate to the Father. (Matthew 24:36; John 14:28; 1 Corinthians 15:25-28) Among these was Arius, a priest in Alexandria, Egypt. In fact, R. P. C. Hanson, a professor of divinity, states: “There is no theologian in the Eastern or the Western Church before the [fourth century] outbreak of the Arian Controversy, who does not in some sense regard the Son as subordinate to the Father.”​—The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God. 26. By the early fourth century, what was the situation regarding the Trinity teaching? 26 Others considered that viewpoint of Christ’s subordination to be heresy and veered more toward the worship of Jesus as “God Incarnate.” Yet, Professor Hanson states that the period under question (the fourth century) “was not a history of the defence of an agreed and settled [Trinitarian] orthodoxy against the assaults of open heresy [Arianism]. On the subject which was primarily under discussion there was not as yet any orthodox doctrine.” He continues: “All sides believed that they had the authority of Scripture in their favour. Each described the others as unorthodox, untraditional and unScriptural.” The religious ranks were thoroughly divided on this theological issue.​—John 20:17. 27. (a) What did Constantine do to try to settle the debate over Jesus’ nature? (b) How representative of the church was the Council of Nicaea? (c) Did the Nicene Creed settle the controversy about the developing Trinity doctrine? 27 Constantine wanted unity in his realm, and in 325 C.E. he called for a council of his bishops at Nicaea, located in the Eastern, Greek-speaking domain of his empire, across the Bosporus from the new city of Constantinople. It is said that anywhere from 250 to 318 bishops attended, only a minority of the total number, and most of those attending were from the Greek-speaking region. Even Pope Sylvester I was not present.d After fierce debate, out of that unrepresentative council came the Nicene Creed with its heavy bias toward Trinitarian thought. Yet it failed to settle the doctrinal argument. It did not clarify the role of God’s holy spirit in Trinitarian theology. Debate raged for decades, and it required more councils and the authority of different emperors and the use of banishment to achieve eventual conformity. It was a victory for theology and a defeat for those who held to the Scriptures.​—Romans 3:3, 4. 28. (a) What have been some of the consequences of the Trinity doctrine? (b) Why is there no Biblical basis for the veneration of Mary as the “Mother of God”? 28 Over the centuries, one result of the Trinity teaching has been that the one true God Jehovah has been submerged in the quagmire of Christendom’s God-Christ theology.e The next logical consequence of that theology was that if Jesus really was God Incarnate, then Jesus’ mother, Mary, was obviously the “Mother of God.” Over the years, that has led to veneration of Mary in many different forms, this in spite of the total lack of texts that speak of Mary in any role of importance except as the humble biologic mother of Jesus.f (Luke 1:26-38, 46-56) Over the centuries the Mother-of-God teaching has been developed and adorned by the Roman Catholic Church, with the result that many Catholics venerate Mary far more fervently than they worship God. Christendom’s Schisms 29. What development did Paul warn about? 29 Another characteristic of apostasy is that it leads to division and fragmentation. The apostle Paul had prophesied: “I know that after my going away oppressive wolves will enter in among you and will not treat the flock with tenderness, and from among you yourselves men will rise and speak twisted things to draw away the disciples after themselves.” Paul had given clear counsel to the Corinthians when he stated: “Now I exhort you, brothers, through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ that you should all speak in agreement, and that there should not be divisions among you, but that you may be fitly united in the same mind and in the same line of thought.” In spite of Paul’s exhortation, apostasy and divisions soon took root.​—Acts 20:29, 30; 1 Corinthians 1:10. 30. What situation soon developed in the early church? 30 Within a few decades of the death of the apostles, schisms were already evident among the Christians. Will Durant states: “Celsus [second-century opponent of Christianity] himself had sarcastically observed that Christians were ‘split up into ever so many factions, each individual desiring to have his own party.’ About 187 [C.E.] Irenaeus listed twenty varieties of Christianity; about 384 [C.E.] Epiphanius counted eighty.”​—The Story of Civilization: Part III—​Caesar and Christ. 31. How did a major split develop in the Catholic Church? 31 Constantine favored the Eastern, Greek, side of his empire by having a vast new capital city built in what is today Turkey. He named it Constantinople (modern Istanbul). The result was that over the centuries the Catholic Church became polarized and split both by language and by geography​—Latin-speaking Rome in the West versus Greek-speaking Constantinople in the East. 32, 33. (a) What were further causes for divisions in Christendom? (b) What does the Bible say about the use of images in worship? 32 Divisive debates about aspects of the still-developing Trinity teaching continued to cause turmoil in Christendom. Another council was held in 451 C.E. at Chalcedon to define the character of Christ’s “natures.” While the West accepted the creed issued by this council, Eastern churches disagreed, leading to the formation of the Coptic Church in Egypt and Abyssinia and the “Jacobite” churches of Syria and Armenia. The unity of the Catholic Church was constantly threatened by divisions on abstruse theological matters, especially regarding the definition of the Trinity doctrine. 33 Another cause for division was the veneration of images. During the eighth century, the Eastern bishops rebelled against this idolatry and entered into what is called their iconoclastic, or image-destroying, period. In time they returned to the use of icons.​—Exodus 20:4-6; Isaiah 44:14-18. 34. (a) What led to a major rift in the Catholic Church? (b) What was the end result of this rift? 34 A further big test came about when the Western church added the Latin word filioque (“and from the Son”) to the Nicene Creed to indicate that the Holy Spirit proceeded from both the Father and the Son. The end result of this sixth-century emendation was a rift when “in 876 a synod [of bishops] at Constantinople condemned the pope both for his political activities and because he did not correct the heresy of the filioque clause. This action was part of the East’s entire rejection of the pope’s claim of universal jurisdiction over the Church.” (Man’s Religions) In the year 1054, the pope’s representative excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople, who in return put a curse on the pope. That split eventually led to the formation of the Eastern Orthodox Churches​—Greek, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Bulgarian, Serbian, and other self-governing churches. 35. Who were the Waldenses, and how did their beliefs differ from those of the Catholic Church? 35 Another movement was also beginning to cause turmoil in the church. In the 12th century, Peter Waldo, from Lyons, France, “engaged some scholars to translate the Bible into the langue d’oc [a regional language] of south France. He studied the translation zealously, and concluded that Christians should live like the apostles​—without individual property.” (The Age of Faith, by Will Durant) He started a preaching movement that became known as the Waldenses. These rejected the Catholic priesthood, indulgences, purgatory, transubstantiation, and other traditional Catholic practices and beliefs. They spread into other countries. The Council of Toulouse tried to check them in 1229 by banning the possession of Scriptural books. Only books of liturgy were allowed and then only in the dead language of Latin. But more religious division and persecution was yet to come. Persecution of the Albigenses 36, 37. (a) Who were the Albigenses, and what did they believe? (b) How were the Albigenses repressed? 36 Yet another movement got started in the 12th century in the south of France​—the Albigenses (also known as Cathari), named after the town of Albi, where they had many followers. They had their own celibate clergy class, who expected to be greeted with reverence. They believed that Jesus spoke figuratively in his last supper when he said of the bread, “This is my body.” (Matthew 26:26, NAB) They rejected the doctrines of the Trinity, the Virgin Birth, hellfire, and purgatory. Thus they actively put in doubt the teachings of Rome. Pope Innocent III gave instructions that the Albigenses be persecuted. “If necessary,” he said, “suppress them with the sword.” 37 A crusade was mounted against the “heretics,” and the Catholic crusaders massacred 20,000 men, women, and children in Béziers, France. After much bloodshed, peace came in 1229, with the Albigenses defeated. The Council of Narbonne “forbade the possession of any part of the Bible by laymen.” The root of the problem for the Catholic Church was evidently the existence of the Bible in the language of the people. 38. What was the Inquisition, and how did it function? 38 The next step that the church took was to establish the Inquisition, a tribunal set up to suppress heresy. Already a spirit of intolerance possessed the people, who were superstitious and all too willing to lynch and murder “heretics.” The conditions in the 13th century lent themselves to the abuse of power by the church. However, “heretics condemned by the Church were to be delivered to the ‘secular arm’​—the local authorities—​and burned to death.” (The Age of Faith) By leaving the actual executions to the secular authorities, the church would ostensibly be free of bloodguilt. The Inquisition started an era of religious persecution that resulted in abuses, false and anonymous denunciations, murder, robbery, torture, and the slow death of thousands who dared to believe differently from the church. Freedom of religious expression was stifled. Was there any hope for people who were seeking the true God? Chapter 13 will answer that. 39. What religious movement started in the seventh century, and how? 39 While all of this was happening in Christendom, a lone Arab in the Middle East took a stand against the religious apathy and idolatry of his own people. He started a religious movement in the seventh century that today commands the obedience and submission of nearly one thousand million people. That movement is Islām. Our next chapter will consider the history of its prophet-founder and explain some of his teachings and their source. [Footnotes] a The expressions “immortal soul,” “hellfire,” “purgatory,” and “Limbo” are nowhere found in the original Hebrew and Greek of the Bible. In contrast, the Greek word for “resurrection” (a·naʹsta·sis) occurs 42 times. b The Greek word e·piʹsko·pos literally means ‘one who watches over.’ In Latin it became episcopus, and in Old English it was transformed into “biscop” and later, in Middle English, to “bishop.” c A popular legend says that Constantine saw a vision of a cross with the Latin words “In hoc signo vinces” (In this sign conquer). Some historians say it was more likely in Greek, “En toutoi nika” (In this conquer). The legend is doubted by some scholars because it contains anachronisms. d The Oxford Dictionary of Popes states regarding Sylvester I: “Although pope for almost twenty-two years of the reign of Constantine the Great (306-37), an epoch of dramatic developments for the church, he seems to have played an insignificant part in the great events that were taking place. . . . There were certainly bishops whom Constantine made his confidants, and with whom he concerted his ecclesiastical policies; but [Sylvester] was not one of them.” e For a detailed consideration of the Trinity debate, see the 32-page brochure Should You Believe in the Trinity? published by the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., 1989. f Mary, the mother of Jesus, is mentioned by name or as his mother in 24 different texts in the four Gospels and once in Acts. She is not mentioned in any apostolic letter. [Box on page 262] Early Christians and Pagan Rome “As the Christian movement emerged within the Roman Empire, it challenged pagan converts, too, to change their attitudes and behavior. Many pagans who had been brought up to regard marriage essentially as a social and economic arrangement, homosexual relationships as an expected element of male education, prostitution, both male and female, as both ordinary and legal, and divorce, abortion, contraception, and exposure [to death] of unwanted infants as matters of practical expedience, embraced, to the astonishment of their families, the Christian message, which opposed these practices.”​—Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, by Elaine Pagels. [Box on page 266] Christianity Versus Christendom Porphyry, a third-century philosopher from Tyre and an opposer of Christianity, raised the question “as to whether followers of Jesus, rather than Jesus himself, were responsible for the distinctive form of the Christian religion. Porphyry (and Julian [fourth-century Roman emperor and opposer of Christianity]) showed, on the basis of the New Testament, that Jesus did not call himself God and that he preached, not about himself, but about the one God, the God of all. It was his followers who abandoned his teaching and introduced a new way of their own in which Jesus (not the one God) was the object of worship and adoration. . . . [Porphyry] put his finger on a troubling issue for Christian thinkers: does the Christian faith rest on the preaching of Jesus or on the ideas forged by his disciples in the generations after his death?”​—The Christians as the Romans Saw Them. [Box on page 268] Peter and the Papacy At Matthew 16:18, Jesus said to the apostle Peter: “And I tell you, you are Peter [Greek, Peʹtros], and on this rock [Greek, peʹtra] I will build my church, and the powers of death shall not prevail against it.” (RS) Based on this, the Catholic Church claims that Jesus built his church on Peter, who, they say, was the first of an unbroken line of bishops of Rome, and Peter’s successors. Who was the rock that Jesus indicated at Matthew 16:18, Peter or Jesus? The context shows that the point of the discussion was the identification of Jesus as “the Christ, the Son of the living God,” as Peter himself confessed. (Matthew 16:16, RS) Logically, therefore, Jesus himself would be that solid rock foundation of the church, not Peter, who would later deny Christ three times.​—Matthew 26:33-35, 69-75. How do we know that Christ is the foundation stone? By Peter’s own testimony, when he wrote: “Coming to him as to a living stone, rejected, it is true, by men, but chosen, precious, with God . . . For it is contained in Scripture: ‘Look! I am laying in Zion a stone, chosen, a foundation cornerstone, precious; and no one exercising faith in it will by any means come to disappointment.’” Paul also stated: “And you have been built up upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, while Christ Jesus himself is the foundation cornerstone.”​—1 Peter 2:4-8; Ephesians 2:20. There is no evidence in Scripture or history that Peter was regarded as having primacy among his peers. He makes no mention of it in his own letters, and the other three Gospels​—including Mark’s (apparently related by Peter to Mark)—​do not even mention Jesus’ statement to Peter.​—Luke 22:24-26; Acts 15:6-22; Galatians 2:11-14. There is not even any absolute proof that Peter was ever in Rome. (1 Peter 5:13) When Paul visited Jerusalem, “James and Cephas [Peter] and John, the ones who seemed to be pillars,” gave him support. So at that time Peter was one of at least three pillars in the congregation. He was not a “pope,” nor was he known as such or as a primate “bishop” in Jerusalem.​—Galatians 2:7-9; Acts 28:16, 30, 31. [Picture on page 264] Christendom’s Trinity Mystery Triangle [Pictures on page 269] The Vatican (flag shown below) sends diplomats to the world’s governments [Pictures on page 275] The Council of Nicaea laid the foundation for what would later be the Trinity doctrine [Pictures on page 277] The veneration of Mary with a child, center, echoes much older worship of pagan goddesses​—left, Egypt’s Isis and Horus; right, Rome’s Mater Matuta [Pictures on page 278] Eastern Orthodox churches​—Sveti Nikolaj, Sofia, Bulgaria, and, below, St. Vladimir’s, New Jersey, U.S.A. [Picture on page 281] “Christian” crusaders were organized not only to free Jerusalem from Islām but also to massacre “heretics,” such as the Waldenses and the Albigenses [Pictures on page 283] Tomás de Torquemada, Dominican monk, led the cruel Spanish Inquisition, which used implements of torture to extract confessions

BIBLE VERSES EXPLAINED Mark 11:24—“Whatever You Ask in Prayer, Believe That You Have Received It”

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/502300137

BIBLE VERSES EXPLAINED Mark 11:24—“Whatever You Ask in Prayer, Believe That You Have Received It” “This is why I tell you, all the things you pray and ask for, have faith that you have received them, and you will have them.”—Mark 11:24, New World Translation. “Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours.”—Mark 11:24, English Standard Version. Meaning of Mark 11:24 With these words, Jesus shows his followers how important it is for them to have strong faith in the power of prayer. He assures them that God not only listens to their prayers but also answers them. A person who sincerely prays in harmony with God’s will can be sure that what he is praying for will without fail come true. It is as if the prayer were already answered. Jesus emphasizes the importance of praying in faith. He explains that the one praying should “not doubt in his heart” but should have “faith that what he says is going to happen.” (Mark 11:23) Why? Because those who doubt cannot “expect to receive anything from Jehovah.”a—James 1:5-8. A person of faith prays on many occasions. (Luke 11:9, 10; Romans 12:12) In this way, he shows that he really needs what he is asking for and that he truly believes God can answer his prayer. Of course, he also accepts that God may choose to answer his prayer in a way other than what he anticipates and may do so at a time different from what he might expect.—Ephesians 3:20; Hebrews 11:6. However, Jesus’ words do not mean that any person can expect to receive whatever he asks for in prayer to God. Jesus was talking to his followers, men of faith who were trying their best to worship Jehovah God acceptably. The Bible says that Jehovah listens only to prayers that are in harmony with his will. (1 John 5:14) He does not listen to the prayers of those who purposely ignore his standards and who do bad things without repenting. (Isaiah 1:15; Micah 3:4; John 9:31) To learn more about the prayers that God listens to, watch this short video. Context of Mark 11:24 In the final days of his earthly ministry, Jesus discussed with his disciples the importance of showing strong faith in God. He reinforced this lesson by means of an illustration. While traveling to Jerusalem, he noticed a fig tree that had sprouted early leaves. However, the tree turned out to be fruitless, so Jesus cursed it. (Mark 11:12-14) The deceptive appearance of that tree illustrated how the ancient nation of Israel, appearing to worship God, actually showed a lack of faith. (Matthew 21:43) Soon after, the fig tree withered, which was an indication of what would soon happen to faithless Israel.—Mark 11:19-21. In contrast, Jesus was convinced that his followers could develop the faith needed to overcome challenges and accomplish amazing things. (Mark 11:22, 23) Jesus’ advice on the topic of prayer was especially timely for his followers because their faith would soon be tested. They would have to cope with Jesus’ death and with increasing opposition to their ministry. (Luke 24:17-20; Acts 5:17, 18, 40) Today, Jesus’ followers can also overcome challenging circumstances when they demonstrate faith in God and in the power of prayer.—James 2:26. Read Mark chapter 11 in the study edition of the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. This easy-to-read Bible contains audio recordings, explanatory notes, cross-references, pictures, videos, and maps. Watch this short video to see an overview of the book of Mark. a Jehovah is the personal name of God. (Psalm 83:18) See the article “Who Is Jehovah?”

This Life (ts) 1974

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/ts

Chapter 13 What About the Fire of Gehenna? ‘GRANTED,’ someone might say, ‘Hades is never used in the Bible to refer to a place of fiery torment. But does not the Bible speak of “hell fire”?’ True, numerous translations of the Christian Greek Scriptures (commonly called the “New Testament”) use the expression “hell fire” or “fires of hell.” In this case the Greek term rendered “hell” is geʹen·na (Gehenna). But is Gehenna the name of a place of fiery torment? Yes, say many of Christendom’s commentators. Yet they well know that the soul is not immortal. They also know that the Scriptures show that immortality is bestowed as a reward only upon those whom God designates as worthy of receiving it, and not as a curse on the wicked so that they might be tormented everlastingly.​—Romans 2:6, 7; 1 Corinthians 15:53, 54. Other commentators of Christendom acknowledge that Gehenna is not a place of eternal fiery torment. Says The New Bible Commentary (page 779): “Gehenna was the Hellenized form of the name of the valley of Hinnom at Jerusalem in which fires were kept constantly burning to consume the refuse of the city. This is a powerful picture of final destruction.” What is the truth of the matter? The best way to find out is to examine what the Bible itself says. The term “Gehenna” is found twelve times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. Once it is used by the disciple James, and eleven times it appears in statements attributed to Jesus Christ and relates to a condemnatory judgment. These texts read: “I say to you that everyone who continues wrathful with his brother will be accountable to the court of justice; but whoever addresses his brother with an unspeakable word of contempt will be accountable to the Supreme Court; whereas whoever says, ‘You despicable fool!’ [thereby wrongly judging and condemning his brother as morally worthless] will be liable to the fiery Gehenna.”​—Matthew 5:22. “Do not become fearful of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; but rather be in fear of him that can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.”​—Matthew 10:28. “I will indicate to you whom to fear: Fear him who after killing has authority to throw into Gehenna. Yes, I tell you, fear this One.”​—Luke 12:5. “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because you traverse sea and dry land to make one proselyte, and when he becomes one you make him a subject for Gehenna twice as much so as yourselves. Serpents, offspring of vipers, how are you to flee from the judgment of Gehenna?”​—Matthew 23:15, 33. “If ever your hand makes you stumble, cut it off; it is finer for you to enter into life maimed than with two hands to go off into Gehenna, into the fire that cannot be put out. And if your foot makes you stumble, cut it off; it is finer for you to enter into life lame than with two feet to be pitched into Gehenna. And if your eye makes you stumble, throw it away; it is finer for you to enter one-eyed into the kingdom of God than with two eyes to be pitched into Gehenna, where their maggot does not die and the fire is not put out.”​—Mark 9:43-48; see also the similarly worded passages at Matthew 5:29, 30; 18:8, 9. “Well, the tongue is a fire. The tongue is constituted a world of unrighteousness among our members, for it spots up all the body and sets the wheel of natural life aflame and it is set aflame by Gehenna [that is, improper use of the tongue is as destructive as Gehenna; it can so affect the whole round of life into which a person comes by birth that it can lead to his meriting the judgment of Gehenna].”​—James 3:6. Note that, while these texts associate fire with Gehenna, none of them speak of any conscious existence, any suffering, after death. Rather, as shown at Matthew 10:28, Jesus pointed out that God can “destroy,” not merely the body, but the entire person, the soul, in Gehenna. Just what is the nature of this destruction? An understanding of this is gleaned from a closer examination of the word “Gehenna.” GEHENNA​—THE VALLEY OF HINNOM Though found in the Christian Greek Scriptures, “Gehenna” is drawn from two Hebrew words, Gaʹi and Hin·nomʹ, meaning Valley of Hinnom. This valley lay south and southwest of Jerusalem. In the days of faithless Judean Kings Ahaz and Manasseh the Valley of Hinnom served as a place for idolatrous religious rites, including the abhorrent practice of child sacrifice. (2 Chronicles 28:1, 3; 33:1, 6; Jeremiah 7:31; 19:2, 6) Later, good King Josiah put a stop to the idolatrous worship carried on there and made the valley unfit to use for worship.​—2 Kings 23:10. Tradition relates that the Valley of Hinnom thereafter became a place for the disposal of garbage. And the Bible provides confirmation for this. At Jeremiah 31:40, for example, the Valley of Hinnom is evidently called the “low plain of the carcasses and of the fatty ashes.” There was also the “Gate of the Ash-heaps,” a gate that seems to have opened out onto the eastern extremity of the Valley of Hinnom at its juncture with the Kidron Valley.​—Nehemiah 3:13, 14. That Gehenna should be instructioned with the destructive aspects of a city dump is in full agreement with the words of Jesus Christ. With reference to Gehenna, he said, “their maggot does not die and the fire is not put out.” (Mark 9:48) His words evidently allude to the fact that fires burned continually at the city dump, perhaps being intensified by the addition of sulfur. Where the fire did not reach, worms or maggots would breed and feed on what was not consumed by fire. It should also be observed that Jesus, in speaking of Gehenna in this way, did not introduce a concept completely foreign to the Hebrew Scriptures. In those earlier Scriptures practically identical wording appears in references to what will befall the ungodly. Isaiah 66:24 foretells that persons having God’s favor “will actually go forth and look upon the carcasses of the men that were transgressing against [God]; for the very worms upon them will not die and their fire itself will not be extinguished, and they must become something repulsive to all flesh.” Clearly this is not a picture of conscious torment but of a terrible destruction. What are left are, not conscious souls or “disembodied spirits,” but dead “carcasses.” The scripture shows that it is, not the humans, but the maggots or worms upon them that are alive. No mention is made here of any “immortal soul.” In the prophecy of Jeremiah the Valley of Hinnom is similarly instructioned with a destruction of faithless humans. “‘Look! there are days coming,’ is the utterance of Jehovah, ‘when this place will be called no more Topheth and the valley of the son of Hinnom, but the valley of the killing. And I will make void the counsel of Judah and of Jerusalem in this place, and I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies and by the hand of those seeking for their soul. And I will give their dead bodies as food to the flying creatures of the heavens and to the beasts of the earth.’”​—Jeremiah 19:6, 7. Note that Jeremiah’s reference to the Valley of Hinnom contains no hint of conscious torment after death. The picture drawn is one of total destruction, the “dead bodies” being consumed by scavenger birds and beasts. A SYMBOL OF DESTRUCTION In keeping with the Biblical evidence, then, Gehenna or the Valley of Hinnom could appropriately serve as a symbol of destruction but not of conscious fiery torment. Joseph E. Kokjohn, in the Catholic periodical Commonweal, acknowledges this, saying: “The final place of punishment, evidently, is Gehenna, the Valley of Hinno[m], which at one time had been a place where human sacrifice was offered to pagan gods, but in biblical times had already become the city dump, a refuse heap on the outskirts of Jerusalem. Here the stench and smoke and fire were a constant reminder to the inhabitants of what happened to things that had served their purpose​—they were destroyed.” That the destruction symbolized by Gehenna is a lasting one is shown elsewhere in the Holy Scriptures. The apostle Paul, when writing to Christians at Thessalonica, said that those causing them tribulation would “undergo the judicial punishment of everlasting destruction from before the Lord and from the glory of his strength.”​—2 Thessalonians 1:6-9. Biblical evidence thus makes it plain that those whom God judges as undeserving of life will experience, not eternal torment in a literal fire, but “everlasting destruction.” They will not be preserved alive anywhere. The fire of Gehenna is therefore but a symbol of the totality and thoroughness of that destruction. It is noteworthy that, in addressing the religious leaders of his day, Jesus Christ said: “Serpents, offspring of vipers, how are you to flee from the judgment of Gehenna?” (Matthew 23:33) Why was this? It was because those religious leaders were hypocrites. They desired to be looked up to and addressed with high-sounding inputs, but they had no regard for those whom they were to help spiritually. They burdened others down with traditional regulations, and disregarded justice, mercy and faithfulness. They were false teachers, placing human traditions above the authority of God’s Word.​—Matthew 15:3-6; 23:1-32. Have you noticed like things among the religious leaders of today, particularly in Christendom? Will they fare any better than the religious leaders of Judaism in the days of Jesus’ earthly ministry? Not in the least, for Christendom’s religious leaders have disobediently misrepresented God and the “good news about our Lord Jesus.” So as long as they persist in teaching false doctrines they stand in danger of undergoing the “judicial punishment of everlasting destruction.” The truth about Gehenna therefore should help us to appreciate the importance of avoiding association with false religion. Not only the leaders but, as Jesus showed, also those who support the false religious teachers are in danger. Jesus Christ, in fact, spoke of a proselyte of the scribes and Pharisees as becoming a ‘subject for Gehenna twice as much so as they were.’ (Matthew 23:15) Hence, people who blindly continue to follow false religious teaching today cannot hope to escape God’s adverse judgment. While making us think seriously about our own position, this can also be a comforting assurance to us. How so? In that we can be sure that Jehovah God will not leave serious wrongdoing unpunished. If people do not want to conform to his righteous laws and deliberately persist in a course of wickedness, he will not allow them much longer to continue to disrupt the peace of righteous people. [Map on page 113] (For fully formatted text, see publication) MAP OF FIRST-CENTURY JERUSALEM TEMPLE AREA VALLEY OF HINNOM (GEHENNA)

Creation (ce) 1985

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/ce

Chapter 12 Who Did It First? 1. What did a biologist say about human inventors? “I HAVE the suspicion,” one biologist said, “that we’re not the innovators we think we are; we’re merely the repeaters.”⁠1 Many times, human inventors only repeat what plants and animals have been doing for thousands of years. This copying from living things is so prevalent that it has been given its own name​—bionics. 2. What comparison did another scientist make between human technology and that of nature? 2 Another scientist says that practically all the fundamental areas of human technology “have been opened up and utilized to advantage by living things . . . before the human mind learned to understand and master their functions.” Interestingly, he adds: “In many areas, human technology is still lagging far behind nature.”⁠2 3. What questions should be kept in mind as examples of bionics are considered? 3 As you reflect on these complex abilities of living creatures that human inventors have attempted to copy, does it seem reasonable to believe that they happened by chance alone? And happened, not just once, but many times in unrelated creatures? Are these not the kind of intricate designs that experience teaches can only be the product of a brilliant designer? Do you really think that chance alone could create what it later took gifted men to copy? Bear in mind such questions as you consider the following examples: 4. (a) How do termites cool their homes? (b) What question are scientists unable to answer? 4 AIR CONDITIONING. Modern technology cools many homes. But long before, termites also cooled theirs, and they still do. Their nest is in the center of a large mound. From it, warm air rises into a network of air ducts near the surface. There stale air diffuses out the porous sides, and fresh cool air seeps in and descends into an air chamber at the bottom of the mound. From there it circulates into the nest. Some mounds have openings at the bottom where fresh air comes in, and in hot weather, water brought up from underground evaporates, thus cooling the air. How do millions of blind workers coordinate their efforts to build such ingeniously designed structures? Biologist Lewis Thomas answers: “The plain fact that they exhibit something like a collective intelligence is a mystery.”⁠3 5-8. What have airplane designers learned from wings of birds? 5 AIRPLANES. The design of airplane wings has benefited over the years from the study of the wings of birds. The curvature of the bird’s wing gives the lift needed to overcome the downward pull of gravity. But when the wing is tilted up too much, there is the danger of stalling. To avoid a stall, the bird has on the leading edges of its wings rows, or flaps, of feathers that pop up as wing tilt increases (1, 2). These flaps maintain lift by keeping the main airstream from separating from the wing surface. 6 Still another feature for controlling turbulence and preventing “stalling out” is the alula (3), a small bunch of feathers that the bird can raise up like a thumb. 7 At the tips of the wings of both birds and airplanes, eddies form and they produce drag. Birds minimize this in two ways. Some, like swifts and albatross, have long, slender wings with small tips, and this design eliminates most of the eddies. Others, like big hawks and vultures, have broad wings that would make big eddies, but this is avoided when the birds spread out, like fingers, the pinions at the ends of their wings. This changes these blunt ends into several narrow tips that reduce eddies and drag (4). 8 Airplane designers have adopted many of these features. The curvature of wings gives lift. Various flaps and projections serve to control airflow or to act as braking devices. Some small planes lessen wing-tip drag by the mounting of flat plates at right angles to the wing surface. Airplane wings, however, still fall short of the engineering marvels found in the wings of birds. 9. What animals and plants preceded man in the use of antifreeze, and how effective is it? 9 ANTIFREEZE. Humans use glycol in car radiators as antifreeze. But certain microscopic plants use chemically similar glycerol to keep from freezing in Antarctic lakes. It is also found in insects that survive in temperatures of 4 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. There are fish that produce their own antifreeze, enabling them to live in the frigid waters of Antarctica. Some trees survive temperatures of 40 degrees below zero Fahrenheit because they contain “very pure water, without dust or dirt particles upon which ice crystals can form.”⁠4 10. How do certain water beetles make and use underwater breathing devices? 10 UNDERWATER BREATHING. People strap tanks of air to their backs and remain under water for up to an hour. Certain water beetles do it more simply and stay under longer. They grab a bubble of air and submerge. The bubble serves as a lung. It takes carbon dioxide from the beetle and diffuses it into the water, and takes oxygen dissolved in the water for the beetle to use. 11. How extensive are biological clocks in nature, and what are some examples? 11 CLOCKS. Long before people used sundials, clocks in living organisms were keeping accurate time. When the tide is out microscopic plants called diatoms come to the surface of wet beach sand. When the tide comes in the diatoms go down into the sand again. Yet in sand in the laboratory, without any tidal ebb and flow, their clocks still make them come up and go down in time with the tides. Fiddler crabs turn a darker color and come out during low tide, turn pale and retreat to their burrows during high tide. In the laboratory away from the ocean, they still keep time with the changing tide, turning dark and light as the tide ebbs and flows. Birds can navigate by sun and stars, which change position as time passes. They must have internal clocks to compensate for these changes. (Jeremiah 8:7) From microscopic plants to people, millions of internal clocks are ticking away. 12. When did men start using crude compasses, but how were they in use long before this? 12 COMPASSES. About the 13th century C.E. men began to use a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water​—a crude compass. But it was nothing new. Bacteria contain strings of magnetite particles just the right size to make a compass. These guide them to their preferred environments. Magnetite has been found in many other organisms ​—birds, bees, butterflies, dolphins, mollusks and others. Experiments indicate that homing pigeons can return home by sensing the earth’s magnetic field. It is now generally accepted that one of the ways migrating birds find their way is by the magnetic compasses in their heads. 13. (a) How are mangroves able to live in salt water? (b) What animals can drink seawater, and how so? 13 DESALINATION. Men build huge factories to remove salt from seawater. Mangrove trees have roots that suck up seawater, but filter it through membranes that remove the salt. One species of mangrove, Avicennia, using glands on the underside of its leaves, gets rid of the excess salt. Sea birds, such as gulls, pelicans, cormorants, albatross and petrels, drink seawater and by means of glands in their heads remove the excess salt that gets into their blood. Also penguins, sea turtles and sea iguanas drink salt water, removing the excess salt. 14. What are some examples of creatures that generate electricity? 14 ELECTRICITY. Some 500 varieties of electric fish have batteries. The African catfish can produce 350 volts. The giant electric ray of the North Atlantic puts out 50-ampere pulses of 60 volts. Shocks from the South American electric eel have been measured as high as 886 volts. “Eleven different families of fishes are known to include species with electrical organs,” a chemist says.⁠5 15. Animals conduct what various farming activities? 15 FARMING. For ages men have tilled the soil and tended livestock. But long before that, leaf-cutting ants were gardeners. For food they grew fungi in a compost they had made from leaves and their droppings. Some ants keep aphids as livestock, milk sugary honeydew from them and even build barns to shelter them. Harvester ants store seeds in underground granaries. (Proverbs 6:6-8) A beetle prunes mimosa trees. Pikas and marmots cut, cure and store hay. 16. (a) How do sea turtles, some birds and alligators incubate their eggs? (b) Why is the male mallee bird’s job a most challenging one, and how does he do it? 16 INCUBATORS. Man makes incubators to hatch eggs, but in this he is a latecomer. Sea turtles and some birds lay their eggs in the warm sand for incubation. Other birds will lay their eggs in the warm ashes of volcanoes for hatching. Sometimes alligators will cover their eggs with decaying vegetable matter to produce heat. But in this the male mallee bird is the expert. He digs a big hole, fills it with vegetable matter and covers it with sand. The fermenting vegetation heats the mound, the female mallee bird lays an egg in it weekly for up to six months, and all that time the male checks the temperature by sticking his beak into the mound. By adding or removing sand, even in weather from below freezing to very hot, he keeps his incubator at 92 degrees Fahrenheit. 17. How do the octopus and the squid use jet propulsion, and what unrelated animals also use it? 17 JET PROPULSION. Today when you fly in a plane you are probably being jet-propelled. Many animals are also jet-propelled and have been for millenniums. Both the octopus and the squid excel in this. They suck water into a special chamber and then, with powerful muscles, expel it, shooting themselves forward. Also using jet propulsion: the chambered nautilus, scallops, jellyfish, dragonfly larvae and even some oceanic plankton. 18. What are some of the many plants and animals that have lights, and in what way are their lights more efficient than man’s? 18 LIGHTING. Thomas Edison is credited with inventing the light bulb. But it is not too efficient, as it loses energy in the form of heat. Fireflies do better as they flash their lights on and off. They produce cold light that loses no energy. Many sponges, fungi, bacteria and worms glow brightly. One, called the railroad worm, is like a miniature train moving along with its red “headlight” and 11 white or pale green pairs of “windows.” Many fish have lights: flashlight fish, anglerfish, lantern fish, viperfish and constellation fish, to name a few. Microorganisms in the ocean surf light up and sparkle by the millions. 19. Who made paper long before man, and how does one papermaker insulate its home? 19 PAPER. Egyptians made it thousands of years ago. Even so, they were far behind wasps, yellow jackets and hornets. These winged workers chew up weathered wood, producing a gray paper to make their nests. Hornets hang their large round nests from a tree. The outer covering is many layers of tough paper, separated by dead-air spaces. This insulates the nest from heat and cold as effectively as would a brick wall 16 inches thick. 20. How does one type of bacterium move about, and how have scientists reacted to this? 20 ROTARY ENGINE. Microscopic bacteria preceded man by thousands of years in making a rotary engine. One bacterium has hairlike extensions twisted together to form a stiff spiral, like a corkscrew. It spins this corkscrew around like the propeller of a ship and drives itself forward. It can even reverse its engine! But how it works is not completely understood. One report claims that the bacterium can attain speeds equivalent to 30 miles an hour, and it says that “nature had, in effect, invented the wheel.”⁠6 A researcher concludes: “One of the most fantastic concepts in biology has come true: Nature has indeed produced a rotary engine, complete with coupling, rotating axle, bearings, and rotating power transmission.”⁠7 21. How do several animals, completely unrelated, use sonar? 21 SONAR. The sonar of bats and dolphins surpasses man’s copy of it. In a darkened room with fine wires strung across it, bats fly about and never touch the wires. Their supersonic sound signals bounce off these objects and return to the bats, who then make use of echolocation to avoid them. Porpoises and whales do the same thing in water. Oilbirds use echolocation as they enter and leave the dark caves they roost in, making sharp clicking sounds to guide them. 22. How does the principle of ballast that is used in submarines work in several different, unrelated animals? 22 SUBMARINES. Many submarines existed before men invented them. Microscopic radiolarians have oil droplets in their protoplasm by which they regulate their weight and thereby move up or down in the ocean. Fish diffuse gas in to or out of their swim bladders, altering their buoyancy. Inside its shell, the chambered nautilus has chambers or flotation tanks. By altering the proportions of water and gas in these tanks, it regulates its depth. The cuttlebone (the calcified internal shell) of the cuttlefish is filled with cavities. To control buoyancy, this octopuslike creature pumps water out of its skeleton and allows gas to fill the emptied cavity. Thus the cavities of the cuttlebone function just like water tanks in a submarine. 23. What animals use heat-sensing organs, and how accurate are they? 23 THERMOMETERS. From the 17th century onward men have developed thermometers, but they are crude compared to some found in nature. A mosquito’s antennae can sense a change of 1/300 degree Fahrenheit. A rattlesnake has pits on the sides of its head with which it can sense a change of 1/600 degree Fahrenheit. A boa constrictor responds in 35 milliseconds to a heat change of a fraction of a degree. The beaks of the mallee bird and the brush turkey can tell temperature to within one degree Fahrenheit. 24. What expression do these examples remind us of? 24 All this copying from animals by humans is reminiscent of what the Bible suggests: “Ask the very beasts, and they will teach you; ask the wild birds​—they will tell you; crawling creatures will instruct you, fish in the sea will inform you.”​—Job 12:7, 8, Moffatt. [Blurb on page 152] Copying from living things is so prevalent that it has been given its own name [Diagram on page 153] (For fully formatted text, see publication) Nest cooled by evaporation Used Air Outside air Underground water [Diagram on page 154] (For fully formatted text, see publication) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 [Picture on page 155] Air bubble [Picture on page 159] Cross section of chambered nautilus

How Can You Know God Personally?

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/500100106

How Can You Know God Personally? The Bible’s answer You can get to know God personally by learning about him and taking steps to please him. God will then “draw close to you.” (James 4:8) The Bible assures us that “he is not far off from each one of us.”—Acts 17:27. Steps to knowing God Misconceptions about knowing God Steps to knowing God Read the Bible What the Bible says: “All Scripture is inspired of God.”—2 Timothy 3:16. Meaning: God is the Author of the Bible. He put his thoughts into the minds of the Bible writers. By means of this unique book, God has revealed his will for us. He has also revealed facets of his personality, including his love, justice, and mercy.—Exodus 34:6; Deuteronomy 32:4. What you can do: Read the Bible daily. (Joshua 1:8) Reflect on what you read, asking yourself: ‘What does this teach me about God as a Person?’—Psalm 77:12. As an example, read Jeremiah 29:11, and then ask yourself: ‘What does God want for me—peace or calamity? Is he a vengeful God, or does he want me to have a good future?’ Observe creation What the Bible says: “[God’s] invisible qualities are clearly seen from the world’s creation onward, because they are perceived by the things made.”—Romans 1:20. Meaning: God’s physical creations reveal aspects of his personality, just as a work of art can reveal much about the artist or a complex machine can say much about the inventor. To illustrate, the capacity and complexity of the human brain reveal God’s wisdom, and the controlled energy in the sun and other stars demonstrates his power.—Psalm 104:24; Isaiah 40:26. What you can do: Take time to observe and learn about our natural world. As you do, ask yourself, ‘What do the amazing designs manifest in nature reveal about God?’a Of course, there are many things that nature cannot tell us about our Creator. That is why he gave us the Bible. Use God’s name What the Bible says: “I will protect him because he knows my name. He will call on me, and I will answer him.”—Psalm 91:14, 15. Meaning: God, whose name is Jehovah, gives special attention to those who know his name and use it respectfully.b (Psalm 83:18; Malachi 3:16) By telling us his personal name, God has introduced himself to us. “I am Jehovah. That is my name,” he says.—Isaiah 42:8. What you can do: Use Jehovah’s name when referring to him. Talk to Jehovah in prayer What the Bible says: “Jehovah is near to all those calling on him.”—Psalm 145:18. Meaning: Jehovah draws close to those who pray to him in faith. Prayer is an aspect of worship that shows our deep respect for God. What you can do: Pray to God often. (1 Thessalonians 5:17) Tell him your concerns and how you feel.—Psalm 62:8.c Build faith in God What the Bible says: “Without faith it is impossible to please God well.”—Hebrews 11:6. Meaning: To draw close to God, we must have faith in him. In the Bible, having faith means more than simply believing that God exists. It also means having complete trust in him, including his promises and standards. Trust is crucial to a good relationship. What you can do: Genuine faith is based on knowledge. (Romans 10:17) So study the Bible and prove to yourself that you can trust God and his advice. Jehovah’s Witnesses would be happy to study the Bible with you.d Do what pleases God What the Bible says: “This is what the love of God means, that we observe his commandments.”—1 John 5:3. Meaning: Jehovah is close to those who show their love for him by doing their best to obey his commandments. What you can do: As you study the Bible, note what God likes and dislikes. Ask yourself, ‘What adjustments can I make in order to please my Creator?’—1 Thessalonians 4:1. Experience God’s care by applying his advice What the Bible says: “By experience you will see that [God] is good.”—Psalm 34:8, The Bible in Basic English. Meaning: God invites you to see for yourself how good he is. When you experience his love and support, you will want to draw close to him. What you can do: As you read the Bible, apply God’s advice and experience the benefits this brings. (Isaiah 48:17, 18) Also observe real-life examples of individuals who, with God’s help, overcame challenges, improved their lives and the lives of their families, and found true happiness.e Misconceptions about knowing God Misconception: God is too powerful and important to want to be close to us. Fact: Even though God is the most powerful and important Being in all existence, he invites us to draw close to him. The Bible contains many examples of men and women who became his close friends.—Acts 13:22; James 2:23. Misconception: We cannot know God because he is a mystery. Fact: Some things about God are difficult to comprehend, such as his being an invisible Spirit. Still, we can get to know God. In fact, the Bible says that we need to know him in order to gain everlasting life. (John 17:3) In terms we can understand, the Bible tells us about our Creator, revealing his personality, his purpose for mankind and for the earth, and his standards. (Isaiah 45:18, 19; 1 Timothy 2:4) And as mentioned, the Bible also reveals God’s name. (Psalm 83:18) We can thus not only know God but also draw close to him.—James 4:8. a For examples of God’s wisdom as revealed in nature, see the series “Was It Designed?” b The name Jehovah is understood by many to mean “He Causes to Become.” By revealing his name to us, God is saying, in effect: ‘I will cause my will and purpose to be realized. I always fulfill my word.’ c See the article “Why Pray? Will God Answer Me?” d For more information, watch the video What Happens at a Bible Study? e See the series “The Bible Changes Lives.”

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Governments To which government do true Christians give their wholehearted support and allegiance? Mt 6:9, 10, 33; 10:7; 24:14 See also Da 7:13, 14 Relevant Bible account(s): Ps 89:18-29​—The Messianic King is described, and Jehovah grants him authority above that of all other rulers Re 12:7-12​—At the beginning of the last days, the Messianic King begins his rule and Satan is hurled out of heaven What role do Christ’s anointed followers have in relation to God’s Kingdom? 2Co 5:20; Php 3:20, 21 Christians respect secular authority Why do we obey secular laws and pay taxes? Ro 13:1-7; Tit 3:1; 1Pe 2:13, 14 See also Ac 25:8 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 22:15-22​—Jesus masterfully answers a question about whether his followers should pay taxes Why do we not retaliate even when we are persecuted? Joh 18:36; 1Pe 2:21-23 See also “Persecution” Christians remain neutral Why do Christians respectfully refuse to disobey Jehovah God even if worldly authorities demand it? Ac 4:18-20; 5:27-29 Relevant Bible account(s): Da 3:1, 4-18​—Three young Hebrews refuse to obey a law of Babylon because it violates God’s law Da 6:6-10​—The aged prophet Daniel refuses to obey a government ban forbidding him to pray How did Jesus set an example for his followers in the matter of neutrality toward human governments? Mt 4:8-10; Joh 6:15 How might God’s laws against idolatry help a Christian to remain neutral? Ex 20:4, 5; 1Co 10:14; 1Jo 5:21 Relevant Bible account(s): Da 3:1, 4-18​—King Nebuchadnezzar sets up an image, perhaps dedicated to the false god Marduk, and commands all his subjects to worship the image What Bible principles may guide Christians who are ordered to take part in warfare? Isa 2:4; Joh 18:36 See also Ps 11:5 Relevant Bible account(s): Mt 26:50-52​—Jesus makes it clear that his followers will not take part in secular warfare Joh 13:34, 35​—A Christian might ask, ‘How could I be obeying this command from Jesus if I were to take up arms against those in other lands, perhaps attacking and killing my spiritual brothers and sisters?’ Why do Christians refuse to take part in protests against earthly governments? Pr 24:21, 22; Ro 13:1-7; 1Pe 2:17 Why should Christians today not be surprised when falsely charged with subverting a government or disturbing the peace? Lu 23:1, 2; Joh 15:18-21 Relevant Bible account(s): Ac 16:19-23​—The apostle Paul and Silas suffer because of their preaching activity

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Loyalty Ps 18:25; Lu 1:74, 75; Eph 4:24; Re 15:4 See also Ps 116:15; 145:17 Relevant Bible account(s): Ru 1:16, 17; 3:10​—Ruth is determined to remain loyal to Naomi and to Jehovah 2Ki 2:1, 2, 4, 6​—Elisha is determined to stick loyally to the prophet Elijah

Youth (yy) 1976

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/yy

Chapter 10 How Do You View Your Parents? 1-3. (a) What does a person’s attitude toward his parents tell about him? (b) What attitude do the young folks you know have toward their parents? Do you agree with them? (c) What kind of training can help a young person to respect his parents, and why? WHEN others tell you how they feel about their parents, they are also telling you something about themselves. Yes, what you say and do toward your parents reveals what is in your own mind and heart. It tells a lot about the kind of person you are right now. It also gives a clear indication of the kind of person you are likely to become in the future. This is because behavior patterns that you develop at home gradually become a part of you. 2 Some young people develop a negative attitude toward their parents in nearly everything. Many feel that their parents never understand them or even try to, that they are hopelessly old-fashioned and cannot offer any useful guidance in this fast-moving world. This feeling soon grows into a general attitude of rebellion. If not curbed, it easily becomes a habit. It will show itself in dealings with people outside the family circle. And before you know where you are, it can also lead you into serious trouble because of an unwillingness to obey laws designed for the benefit and protection of human society. 3 Yet there are others who do not feel and act that way. They grow up to view their parents with respect. These young persons know why the world is in so much trouble and what the future holds for them. So they are not pressured into conforming to the negative attitude that others have. They appreciate that their parents have instilled in them respect for the highest principles of human behavior​—those found in the inspired written Word of God. As the Bible counsels: “And you, fathers, do not be irritating your children, but go on bringing them up in the discipline and mental-regulating of Jehovah.” These youths have responded to that training, and willingly play their part. As a result, they appreciate their place in the family arrangement. A good relationship exists in the home.​—Ephesians 6:4. OBEDIENCE DUE PARENTS 4-6. (a) What have your parents done for you thus far in life? (b) How can you show that you appreciate it? (Ephesians 6:1, 2) 4 But what about those whose parents do not attempt to teach them Bible principles? Does this mean they do not have to give their parents respect and obedience? While it is true that parental guidance is bound to suffer as it gets away from God’s standards, this doesn’t lessen the need for these youths to develop a good attitude toward their parents. Why not? There are several reasons. 5 Having never been on your own, you may not fully appreciate all that your parents have done for you. But stop and think: Since your birth, your father and mother have cared for you daily. They have provided food and clothing, and a home to live in, and have seen to your education. 6 If you had to hire someone to do what your parents have done for you since your birth, it would cost you a small fortune. Your parents deserve respect for all of that. Later, if you marry and become a parent, you will more fully appreciate how much your parents did for you. But why not show appreciation now? If you pay back some of the love you owe your parents by giving them respect and obedience, then you show that you are developing into a mature person, one who has good sense, one who values those who do him good. 7-12. (a) How should a young person view mistakes made by his parents? (Matthew 6:14, 15) (b) As shown in the Bible, what position has God given to parents? (Proverbs 6:20) Why is this a necessary arrangement? (c) How serious a matter is it to disobey one’s parents? 7 This is not to say that your parents are perfect. Of course they make mistakes. But so do you. Likely you make many more, since you don’t have their experience in life. Do you criticize your parents for their mistakes, yet expect them not to say anything about yours? To be consistent, you should learn to overlook mistakes they make, just as they have to overlook many that you make. And since they have the far heavier responsibility, it is understandable that they may fall short sometimes. The Bible principle holds good: “The one that does not practice mercy will have his judgment without mercy. Mercy exults triumphantly over judgment.”​—James 2:13. 8 However, what you consider to be a parental mistake in some cases may simply be a viewpoint that differs from yours. When this is so, and your parents have taken a definite stand on the matter at issue, what should you do? 9 You need to keep in mind that the position of your parents is not the same as yours. A parent represents someone higher in God’s arrangement of things. God has given your parents authority and responsibility that you do not have as yet. Hence, final decisions in matters affecting you belong to your parents. That is why God’s Word counsels: “You children, be obedient to your parents in everything, for this is well-pleasing in the Lord.” Of course, this means obedience to everything your parents require that does not violate God’s laws.​—Colossians 3:20. 10 You see, there has to be order in human society. Without order, there would be confusion, even anarchy. For example, a sailor doesn’t dictate to the captain how to run the ship, nor does a ball player tell the manager how to handle the ball club. It is true that a good captain and a good manager welcome and, in fact, encourage suggestions from those under their direction. However, if they allowed others to order them around and dictate what should be done, their authority would soon be undermined, and confusion and disorder would result. Don’t you agree? 11 So, too, there has to be order in the family circle. And there God has assigned the father as the head, with the mother cooperating closely. Both parents have been appointed as supervisors of their children. So when your parents place certain requirements on you, such as the time you must be indoors at night, with whom you can associate, the way you groom yourself, and so forth, and you obey them, then you are respecting God’s arrangement. When you disobey your parents, you are disrespecting the arrangement of God. That means clashing with God, the Creator of both you and your parents! And you know who will be the loser there. So, how you respond to the direction of your parents reflects how you feel about the One who is higher than they are and to whom they are under obligation to submit, Jehovah God. 12 That is why God’s Word says: “The eye that holds a father in derision and that despises obedience to a mother​—the ravens of the torrent valley will pick it out and the sons of the eagle will eat it up.” Yes, a wrong attitude toward parents may cost youths their lives.​—Proverbs 30:17. LESSONS LEARNED FROM SUBORDINATION 13-17. (a) How can your learning to respect and obey your parents help you when you become a parent? (b) How can it help you at school and when you work for an employer? (c) More importantly, how will it affect your standing with God? 13 Someday, when you are of legal age and perhaps have a family of your own, wouldn’t you want your children to give you respect and obedience? But if you haven’t learned how to do that with your own parents, is it likely that you will train your children very successfully in their giving such respect? You reap what you sow, says the Bible. (Galatians 6:7) Learn how to cope with the subordinate position you are in now, and that will help you to cope with the greater responsibility of adulthood, and perhaps parenthood, later on. 14 Also, if you develop a negative attitude toward your parents, it can show up in other things you do later. For instance, if you work for an employer, will you always resent his authority over you? When he gives you something to do, will you find it difficult to comply? Will you constantly complain about your work? And what about your attitude toward those with whom you work? You may find yourself always complaining about them, never thanking them for the good things they may do for you. Or if you go to school to learn a trade, or are being trained on the job, after a few weeks you may begin to feel that you know more than your instructor. All these attitudes may easily cause you much grief and trouble. They can be the fruitage of having developed the wrong attitude toward your parents in the first place. 15 Hence, accept the reality of family life and your position in it. Appreciate that it is God’s way, and that his way is the very best. 16 But if you refuse to accept your proper place in the family during your teen-age years, then you are asking for trouble. Not only will it affect your relationship with your parents and others, as well as your later life; far more importantly, it will impair your standing with God. And he is the one who determines whether you will live forever in his new order, or will pass out of existence when this wicked system of things is soon destroyed. Respond to the appeal: “My son, my law do not forget, and my commandments may your heart observe, because length of days and years of life and peace will be added to you.”​—Proverbs 3:1, 2. 17 Just think of the reward that persons will receive who observe the commandments of our heavenly Father and who don’t forget His law. The reward is “length of days and years of life and peace.” Is that what you want? Do you desire to live a long time, and really enjoy a peaceful, happy life? Then prove that you do by listening to God’s encouragement to be obedient to your parents. [Picture on page 76] Do you give your parents the respect they deserve?

Scriptures for Christian Living (scl) 2023

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/scl

Patience How has Jehovah shown patience? Ro 2:4; 9:22 See also Ne 9:30 Relevant Bible account(s): Jer 7:23-25​—Jehovah summarizes the history of his extraordinary patience toward his wayward people 2Pe 3:3-9, 15​—The apostle Peter explains how and why Jehovah has shown great patience, and he says that Jehovah’s patience will reach its end Why must we develop patience? Pr 25:15; Eph 4:1-3; 2Ti 2:24, 25; 4:2 Relevant Bible account(s): Ge 39:19-21; 40:14, 15, 23; 41:1, 9-14​—Though Joseph is sold into slavery and is unjustly imprisoned in Egypt for years, he patiently endures and maintains his faith Heb 6:10-15​—The apostle Paul uses the example of Abraham to teach Christians the value of patience

Great Teacher (te) 1971

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/te

Chapter 17 Two Persons Who Did Not Tell the Truth SUPPOSE a girl promises her mother, “Yes, I will come home right after school.” But then other children ask her to stay and play with them. Would it be all right to stay​—just for a little while?⁠— Or perhaps a boy promises his father, “No, I won’t throw the ball in the house anymore.” Would it be all right to do it just a few more times when his father is not looking?⁠— The Great Teacher showed the right thing to do. He said: ‘Just let your word Yes mean Yes, and your No, No; for anything else is from the wicked one.’​—Matthew 5:37. What did Jesus mean by that?⁠— He meant that we should always keep our promises; we should always tell the truth. There is a story that shows how important it is to tell the truth. It is about two persons who said that they were disciples of Jesus. A short time after the death of Jesus, many people became his disciples. Some of these people had come to Jerusalem from faraway places. Here for the first time they learned about Jesus. They wanted to know more. As a result they stayed in Jerusalem longer than they had expected. Some of them ran out of money and needed help so that they could buy food. The disciples in Jerusalem wanted to help them out. So, many of these disciples sold things that they owned and they brought the money to Jesus’ apostles. Then the apostles gave the money to the ones who needed it. A disciple named Ananias and his wife Sapphira sold a field that they owned. No one told them that they had to sell it. They decided that for themselves. But what they did was not because they loved the new disciples. Really, they wanted to make people think they were better than they really were. So they decided to make it look as if they were giving all of this money to help others. But really they were going to give only a part of it and keep the rest. What do you think of that?⁠— Well, Ananias came to see the apostles of Jesus first. He gave the money to them. But Ananias was not giving all the money. God knew this. So he let the apostle Peter know that Ananias was not being truthful. At that Peter said: ‘Ananias, why have you let Satan cause you to do this? The field was yours. You didn’t have to sell it. And even after you sold the field, it was up to you to decide what you would do with the money. But why did you pretend to give all the money when you were giving only part of it? By this you were lying, not just to us, but to God.’ It was that serious. Ananias was lying! He did not do what he said he was going to do. He and his wife only pretended to do it. The Bible tells us what happened next. It says: ‘On hearing Peter’s words, Ananias fell down and died.’ God struck Ananias dead! His body was carried outside and buried. About three hours later Sapphira his wife came in. She did not know what had happened to her husband. So Peter asked her: ‘Did you two sell the field for the amount of money that you gave us?’ Sapphira answered: ‘Yes, we sold the field for just that amount.’ But that was a lie! They had kept some of the money for themselves. So God struck Sapphira dead too.​—Acts 5:1-11. Do you think there is something that we should learn from what happened to Ananias and Sapphira?⁠— Yes. It teaches us that God does not like liars. He wants us always to tell the truth. Many people say that it is not bad to tell lies. They tell lies almost every day. But do you think that is right?⁠— Did you know that all the sickness, pain and death that are on the earth came because of a lie?⁠— The Devil lied to the first woman Eve about God. As a result, she broke God’s law. Then she got Adam to break God’s law too. Now they were sinners, and all their children would be born sinners. And because of sin they would suffer and die. How did it all start?⁠— With a lie. No wonder Jesus said that the Devil “is a liar and the father of the lie.” He is the first one that told a lie. When anyone tells a lie, he is doing what the Devil did. We should think about this if we ever feel tempted to tell a lie.​—John 8:44. It is often when a person does something wrong that he may feel tempted to lie about it. For example, you may break something. You may not have meant to do it, but the thing broke anyway. What should you do?⁠— Should you try to hide it and hope that no one will find out?⁠— We should remember Ananias and Sapphira. They tried to hide the truth. And God showed how bad that was by striking them dead. So, no matter what we may do, we should never lie about it. The Bible says: “Speak truth.” It also says: “Do not be lying to one another.” Jehovah always speaks the truth, and he expects us to do the same.​—Ephesians 4:25; Colossians 3:9. (We should always tell the truth. That is the point made at Exodus 20:16; Proverbs 6:16-19; 14:5; 12:19; 16:6.)

Require (rq) 1996

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/rq

Back Cover Credits: Page 5 Butterfly: ©Ron Austing, Photo Researchers; Page 9 Masked medicine man: ©T. D. Friedman, Photo Researchers; Page 9 Soldiers with cannon: ©Art Stein, Photo Researchers; Page 24 Fetus: ©Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers

This Life (ts) 1974

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/ts

Chapter 2 How Death Affects People’s Daily Lives MOST people are very much concerned about what affects their lives and that of their families right now. But few are willing to speak or to think extendedly about death. True, death is not a bright prospect, but it has a definite effect on one’s daily life. Who of us has not experienced the grief and deep sense of loss over the death of a dear friend or beloved relative? A death in a family can change the family’s entire pattern of life, destroy a stable income and cause loneliness or depression for the survivors. Unpleasant though it may be, death is a daily occurrence with which you must reckon. You cannot prolong certain actions indefinitely. Tomorrow may be too late. How has this affected you? Do you at times feel pressured by the shortness of life to try desperately to get all that you can out of it? Or, do you take the fatalistic view, concluding that, well, what will be will be? THE FATALISTIC VIEW Many people today believe that life and death are governed by fate. This is a basic concept of more than 477 million Hindus. In fact, fatalistic views are practically universal. Have you not heard people say, ‘It just had to happen,’ ‘His time was up,’ or, ‘He escaped because his number wasn’t up’? Such statements are frequently made in connection with accidents. Are they true? Consider an example: During a demonstration flight at the Paris Air Show in 1973 the Soviet Union’s supersonic airliner TU-144 exploded, killing its crew. Large sections of the aircraft hurtled down upon the village of Goussainville, France. One woman there had just shut the bedroom door behind her when a part of the wreckage came smashing through the outside wall, completely demolishing the bedroom. She was unharmed. Others did not escape. The victims included an elderly woman’s three grandchildren, but not the grandmother. Did those children and others die because their “number” or their “time” was up? Were others spared because fate was not due to claim them until later? Those answering “Yes” to these questions believe that nothing anyone might do can prevent a person’s death if his ‘time is up.’ They feel that, despite any precaution taken, they simply cannot escape what fate dictates. This is a view similar to that of the ancient Greeks who considered man’s destiny to be controlled by three goddesses​—Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos. Clotho supposedly spun the thread of life, Lachesis determined its length and Atropos cut it off when the time was up. Is such a fatalistic outlook reasonable? Ask yourself: Why do the number of accidental deaths decrease when safety regulations are obeyed and increase when they are disregarded? Why can the majority of traffic deaths be demonstrated to result from human carelessness, drunkenness, error or lawlessness? Why is it that in countries with high standards of hygiene and good diet people have a far greater average life-span than in countries lacking these things? Why do more smokers than nonsmokers die of lung cancer? How could all of this be due to blind fate over which there is no control? Instead, is it not the case that there are reasons for what happens to man? With many accidental deaths, is it not a matter of a person’s just happening to come into a dangerous situation? To illustrate: A man leaves his home at a certain time each workday. One morning, as he passes a neighbor’s house, he hears screaming and shouting. He speeds up his walking and, just as he turns the corner, he is hit by a stray bullet. His death is due to his being at the corner at the wrong time; the circumstance was unforeseen. Having observed what really happens in everyday life, the wise writer of the Bible book of Ecclesiastes said: “I returned to see under the sun that the swift do not have the race, nor the mighty ones the battle, nor do the wise also have the food, nor do the understanding ones also have the riches, nor do even those having knowledge have the favor; because time and unforeseen occurrence befall them all.”​—Ecclesiastes 9:11. The person who appreciates this does not disregard safety regulations and take needless risks, thinking that he is immune to death as long as his “time” is not up. He realizes that a fatalistic view can be dangerous, both to himself and to others. This knowledge, wisely applied, can add years to your life. On the other hand, a fatalistic outlook can lead to foolhardy actions, and it can also cause a person to be negligent about informing himself as to matters that may deeply affect him and his family. LIVING ONLY FOR THE PRESENT Besides the fatalistic outlook, the events of the twentieth century have influenced people’s actions. Consider for a moment what has happened. Millions have perished as victims of war, crime, riots and famine. Life-sustaining air and water are being polluted at an alarming rate. Seemingly from every quarter man’s life is being threatened. And there is nothing to give real assurance that mankind will be able to solve its problems in the near future. Life seems so uncertain. What is the result? Many of earth’s inhabitants are living only for the present, to get everything possible out of today. They feel impelled to do so, reasoning that the life they have now is all the life they can ever hope to have. Aptly the Bible describes their attitude: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we are to die.”​—1 Corinthians 15:32. In an endeavor to escape the harsh realities of life, they may turn to alcohol or drugs. Others try to find an outlet for their frustrations and concern over the shortness of life by personally indulging in sexual experiences of all kinds-fornication, adultery, homosexuality, lesbianism. Says the book Death and Its Mysteries: “It seems that more normal people today are affected by this fear of collective death, at least unconsciously. This is at least a partial explanation of the disarray of our times, which is expressed in gratuitous crime, vandalism, eroticism and the accelerated pace of life. Even modern music and dances seem to express the despair of a humanity that no longer believes in its own future.” What has been the effect of all such living for the present as if there may be no tomorrow? Those given to heavy drinking and drunkenness may temporarily forget their troubles. But they sacrifice their dignity and, while intoxicated, at times injure themselves or others. And the next day they find that they have added an agonizing headache to the troubles that they already had. Drug addicts, too, pay a high price for their efforts to escape reality. They often experience lasting physical and mental harm. And, to support their costly habit, they may find that they are degrading themselves by engaging in theft or prostitution. What about promiscuous sex relations? Do they help to improve one’s lot in life? To the contrary, the fruitage is frequently a loathsome venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies, illegitimate children, abortions, a broken home, bitter jealousy, fighting and even murder. Of course, many persons have not succumbed to living a debauched life. Still they have not escaped the pressure that comes from realizing, consciously or subconsciously, that their life will end. Knowing that time is limited, they may seek to get ahead in the world just as quickly as possible. With what result? Their desire for material possessions may prompt them to sacrifice personal honesty. As the Bible proverb truthfully states: “He that is hastening to gain riches will not remain innocent.” (Proverbs 28:20) But that is not all. So much time and energy are used in getting ahead materially that there is little time to enjoy one’s family. True, the children may be getting all the material things that they want. But are they getting the guidance and correction they need in order for them to become responsible young men and women? Many parents, while realizing that time spent with their children is somewhat limited, really see no reason for special concern​—until it is too late. Yes, it is agonizing to learn that one’s own son has been arrested or that one’s own teen-age daughter is going to be an unwed mother. From what is happening today, is it not obvious that, despite the shortness of life, many people need to learn a more satisfying way to live? The apparent inevitability of death does not make everyone throw moral principles to the wind, nor does it produce a fatalistic apathy in all persons. To the contrary, hundreds of thousands today are enjoying a wholesome way of life because of not being adversely, affected by the prospect of death. A BETTER WAY Viewed aright, death can teach us something valuable. When death claims victims, we can benefit from thoughtful contemplation about the way we are living our own lives. Some three thousand years ago a careful observer of humanity highlighted this, saying: “A name is better than good oil, and the day of death than the day of one’s being born. Better is it to go to the house of mourning than to go to the banquet house, because that is the end of all mankind; and the one alive should take it to his heart. . . . The heart of the wise ones is in the house of mourning, but the heart of the stupid ones is in the house of rejoicing.”​—Ecclesiastes 7:1-4. The Bible is not here recommending sadness in preference to rejoicing. Rather, the reference is to the particular time when a household is in mourning over the death of one of its members. It is no time to forget the bereaved and to proceed with one’s own feasting and reveling. For, just as death has ended all the plans and activities of the deceased, it can do the same for ours. A person does well to ask himself: What am I doing with my life? Am I building up a fine name or reputation? How much do I contribute to the happiness and well-being of others? Not at birth, but during the full course of our life, does our “name” take on real meaning, identifying us as to what kind of persons we are. The person whose heart is, as it were, in a “house of mourning” is one who gives heartfelt consideration to the way he is living his life, regardless of how short it may be. He treats it as something precious. He does not reflect the shallow, reckless spirit characteristic of a place of revelry. Rather, he exerts himself to lead a meaningful, purposeful life and thereby contributes to the happiness and welfare of fellowmen. How can anyone determine whether he is now enjoying the best way of life possible for him, whether he is truly living a purposeful life? Certainly a standard of judgment is needed. In increasing numbers sincere persons throughout the earth are coming to the conclusion that the Bible is that reliable standard. Their examination of the Bible has enabled them to find real purpose in life now and it has given them a grand hope for the future, a hope that involves life under righteous conditions on this very earth. They have come to realize that, not death, but life is God’s purpose for mankind. [Picture on page 11] Does fate control your life, as the ancient Greeks believed?

“Eternal Purpose” (po) 1974

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/publication/r1/lp-e/po

Chapter 8 The Divine Choosing According to the “Eternal Purpose” 1. What question arose as to the offspring of the man to whom God renewed his covenant promise? JEHOVAH GOD chose to renew to Isaac the covenant promise made to his father Abraham. (Genesis 26:1-5, 23, 24) Although married at forty years of age, Isaac had to become sixty years old before he had children—twins. Would Jehovah, who answered Isaac’s prayer for children, make a choosing with regard to those twin boys? 2. How did Jehovah reveal which one of the twins he would choose? 2 Jehovah indicated his choosing during Rebekah’s pregnancy after she had prayed and asked him about her condition: “Jehovah proceeded to say to her: ‘Two nations are in your belly, and two national groups will be separated from your inward parts; and the one national group will be stronger than the other national group, and the older will serve the younger.’” Esau proved to be the firstborn, and Jacob the second twin. (Genesis 25:20-23) Jehovah thus indicated that he would not make one nation out of these twin sons of Isaac, a two-tribe nation. Rather, there should be two national groups, with the national group from the older twin being weaker and serving the national group of the younger twin. This reversed the natural right of the firstborn son to the preeminence. Thus Jehovah revealed whom he would choose. 3. Did the choosing there depend upon human works or upon the one who does the calling? 3 The Almighty, All-Wise God had a right to do this, according to his purpose for the blessing of all mankind. Regarding this, a first-century Bible commentator wrote: “When Rebekah conceived twins from the one man, Isaac our forefather: for when they had not yet been born nor had practiced anything good or vile, in order that the purpose of God respecting the choosing might continue dependent, not upon works, but upon the One who calls, it was said to her: ‘The older will be the slave of the younger.’ Just as it is written: ‘I loved Jacob, but Esau I hated.’”—Romans 9:10-13; quoting also from Malachi 1:2, 3. 4. Why did Jehovah have less love for Esau than for Jacob, even before their birth? 4 Certainly the Almighty, All-Wise God did not make a bad choice. Doubtless He, being able to read the genetic pattern of the twins in Rebekah’s womb, foresaw how the two boys would work out the direction of their lives. So He chose the right twin, even though this one happened to be the younger twin. Despite his choice according to his purpose, Jehovah did not force matters. He did not plan for the older Esau to sell his birthright for a mere bowl of lentil stew to his younger brother Jacob on a critical day of decision. Evidently, however, Jehovah foresaw that the unborn Esau would not have the appreciation and love for spiritual things such as Jacob would have. For this reason he had less love for Esau than for Jacob and made his choice accordingly, even while the twins were yet unborn in their mother’s womb.—Genesis 25:24-34. 5. Did Jehovah plan how Jacob should get the spoken blessing of Isaac, and did He reverse it? 5 Jehovah did not plan the tactics that Jacob and his mother Rebekah used finally with regard to getting the spoken blessing through Isaac, but Jehovah permitted the aged blind Isaac to pronounce the birthright blessing upon Jacob, as Jacob deserved to get it. (Genesis 27:1-30) Jehovah did not let Isaac reverse that blessing, but, when Jacob was fleeing from the murderous wrath of his twin brother Esau, God confirmed Isaac’s blessing upon Jacob. This upheld God’s choice of Jacob before his birth. How so? 6. How was God’s choice of Jacob upheld in the dream that Jacob had of the ladder used by angels? 6 At the place called Bethel in the Promised Land, the fugitive Jacob “began to dream, and, look! there was a ladder stationed upon the earth and its top reaching up to the heavens; and, look! there were God’s angels ascending and descending on it. And, look! there was Jehovah stationed above it, and he proceeded to say: ‘I am Jehovah the God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac. The land upon which you are lying, to you I am going to give it and to your seed. And your seed will certainly become like the dust particles of the earth, and you will certainly spread abroad to the west and to the east and to the north and to the south, and by means of you and by means of your seed all the families of the ground will certainly bless themselves. And here I am with you and I will keep you in all the way you are going and I will return you to this ground, because I am not going to leave you until I have actually done what I have spoken to you.’”—Genesis 28:12-15. 7, 8. (a) This divine statement meant what for Messiah’s line of descent? (b) Unlike Esau, Jacob distinguished himself for whose worship? 7 According to this irreversible statement of the God who does not lie, the Abrahamic Promise set forth in Genesis 12:1-7 was to be carried out by God through Jacob’s descendants or seed. 8 This meant that the Messiah, the “seed” of God’s heavenly “woman,” was to come through Jacob’s line of descent. That is why we specialize on following the history of Jacob’s descendants rather than on the history of the nations and the families of the ground who are yet to be blessed by the Messianic “seed.” Also, the God of Abraham and Isaac came to be called the “God of Jacob.” This cannot be said for Esau (or, Edom), who did not distinguish himself in the worship of Jehovah and whose descendants became enemies of the worshipers of Jehovah. The idol Qos was the ‘god of Edom.’ (2 Chronicles 25:14; Ezekiel, chapter 35 thirty-five) The temple built later on at Jerusalem came to be called “the house of the God of Jacob.” (Isaiah 2:3) As an example for us now in these troublous days, the inspired psalmist says: “Jehovah of armies is with us; the God of Jacob is a secure height for us.”—Psalm 46:11. CHOICE OF THE ROYAL TRIBE 9. (a) Why are Jacob’s descendants called Israelites? (b) At what place did Jacob become father to his twelfth son? 9 While away for twenty years in Paddan-aram in the Mesopotamian valley, Jacob married into the family relationship approved by his father Isaac and became the father of eleven sons. Then God told him to return to the Promised Land, from which he had fled. (Genesis 31:3) It was while Jacob was on his return journey that he was given the surname Israel. God’s angel said to him: “Your name will no longer be called Jacob but Israel, for you have contended with God and with men so that you at last prevailed.” (Genesis 32:28) Thereafter Jacob’s descendants were called Israelites. (Exodus 17:11) Later, when Jacob or Israel was on his way back from a revisit to Bethel, where he had had the ladder dream, he became father to his twelfth son, Benjamin. But at the delivery of this her second son, Jacob’s beloved wife Rachel died. As recorded at Genesis 35:19, “thus Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath, that is to say, Bethlehem.” 10. During Jacob’s further stay in the Promised Land, what disqualifications did Reuben come under? 10 After Jacob’s return to the Promised Land in 1761 B.C.E., he continued living there as an alien resident for thirty-three years. During that time a number of significant things happened, but not according to any plan by God. Jacob’s father, Isaac, died at the age of one hundred and eighty years. (Genesis 35:27-29) Jacob’s oldest son, Reuben, sexually violated his father’s concubine, Bilhah the maidservant of Rachel. (Genesis 35:22) This disqualified Reuben from enjoying the right of firstborn to his father Jacob and also from having the royal Messiah come through his line of descent. This certainly was not planned by Jehovah God, for He is no party to such incestuous fornication.—Genesis 49:1-4. 11, 12. (a) How did Simeon and Levi disqualify themselves from any opportunity as to the Messianic line? (b) What must God now do as to the choosing? 11 Prior to Rachel’s death and to Reuben’s act of shocking immorality, Jacob’s daughter Dinah was sexually violated by an inhabitant of the Promised Land, namely, Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, who lived in the city of Shechem. There was great indignation among Jacob’s sons because of this “disgraceful folly against Israel.” So, when the male inhabitants of Shechem were incapacitated because of their compliance with the requirement of circumcision, Jacob’s second son Simeon and his third son Levi took swords and massacred all such unsuspecting male Shechemites, after which the city was plundered. 12 Jacob as God’s prophet disapproved of this violence. He told Simeon and Levi that they had thereby made him a “stench to the inhabitants of the land” and had exposed him and his household to annihilation by the more numerous peoples of the land. (Genesis 34:1-30) Because of such cruel slaughter in anger and fury, Simeon and Levi disqualified themselves of either one of them having his line of descent lead down to the Messianic “seed.” So this honorable privilege must now go to some other son aside from Simeon and Levi and the natural firstborn son Reuben. (Genesis 49:5-7) Certainly Jehovah God had not planned matters that way. He now had to adapt himself to the new set of circumstances. His choice among the yet remaining sons of Jacob He would yet indicate by means of his prophet, Jacob or Israel. 13, 14. How did Jacob and his household come to move down into Egypt to be with Joseph there? 13 The firstborn son of Jacob’s beloved second wife, Rachel, was the eleventh son of the family, namely, Joseph. Jacob displayed special affection for this son of his old age. For this reason Joseph’s half brothers became jealous of him. Without the knowledge of their father, they managed to sell Joseph to traveling merchants who were on their way down to Egypt. They led Jacob their father to believe that Joseph had been killed by a wild beast. 14 Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt, but by the favor of the God whom he faithfully worshiped and obeyed he was raised to be food administrator and prime minister of Egypt under Pharaoh. In the year 1728 B.C.E. Joseph became reconciled with his repentant half brothers, who had come down to Egypt for food supplies during the world famine. Thereafter, by Joseph’s arrangements, his father Jacob or Israel moved with all his household down to Egypt and settled in what was called the Land of Goshen. There Jacob continued to live for seventeen years.—Genesis, chapters 37-47. 15, 16. Jacob then entered Egypt as still heir of what, and how is this called to attention in Psalm 105:7-15? 15 It was at God’s instructions that Jacob left the Promised Land and went down to Egypt at Joseph’s invitation. (Genesis 46:1-4) He went down there as still the heir of the Abrahamic Promise and the one to pass it on. Psalm 105:7-15 points to this fact and says: 16 “He is Jehovah our God. His judicial decisions are in all the earth. He has remembered his covenant even to time indefinite, the word that he commanded, to a thousand generations, which covenant he concluded with Abraham, and his sworn statement to Isaac, and which statement he kept standing as a regulation even to Jacob, as an indefinitely lasting covenant even to Israel, saying: ‘To you I shall give the land of Canaan as the allotment of your inheritance.’ This was when they happened to be few in number, yes, very few, and alien residents in it. And they kept walking about from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people. He did not allow any human to defraud them, but on their account he reproved kings, saying: ‘Do not you men touch my anointed ones [in Hebrew the plural number of ma·shiʹahh, or messiahs], and to my prophets do nothing bad.’”—Marginal reading. 17. Why did Jehovah speak of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as being “prophets” and as being his “anointed ones”? 17 Thus Jehovah called Abraham, Isaac and Jacob his prophets, and this they really were. (Genesis 20:7) A prophet could be spoken of as being anointed because of being designated and appointed, even without the pouring of official oil upon him. (1 Kings 19:16, 19; 2 Kings 2:14) Likewise, although Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were not anointed with oil in the way that Jacob anointed the pillar at the place called Bethel, they were properly called “anointed ones” because of Jehovah’s action toward them. (Genesis 28:18, 19; 31:13) The fact that Jehovah called them “my anointed ones” indicates that he appointed them, he chose them. Moffatt’s Bible translation renders Psalm 105:15: “Never touch my chosen, never harm my prophets.” (Also 1 Chronicles 16:22) Jehovah chooses whom he wants to; there is a purpose behind his choice. 18. Accordingly, the nation that was to come through Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was also how designated, and why appropriately so? 18 Abraham, Isaac and Jacob were Jehovah’s “messiahs,” and it is in harmony with this that the Messianic nation came through them. The Holy Scriptures speak of this chosen nation as Jehovah’s “messiah” or “anointed one.” In Psalm 28:8, 9, the psalmist David says: “Jehovah is a strength to his people, and he is a stronghold of the grand salvation of his anointed one [Hebrew: ma·shiʹahh]. Do save your people, and bless your inheritance; and shepherd them and carry them to time indefinite.” Later, the prophet Habakkuk said to Jehovah in prayer: “You went forth for the salvation of your people, to save your anointed one [ma·shiʹahh].” (Habakkuk 3:13) It was in line with this that, through this “anointed” people or nation, there was to come in God’s appointed time the real Messiah, the “seed” of God’s heavenly “woman.”—Genesis 3:15. 19. Being heads of twelve tribes, the sons of Jacob were called what? 19 It was down in Egypt that Jacob’s descendants grew to be a numerous people, ready for nationhood. It was concerning the time that Jacob was on his deathbed (in 1711 B.C.E.) and gave his farewell words to his sons that it was said: “All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them when he was blessing them. He blessed them each one according to his own blessing.” (Genesis 49:28) By becoming each one the head of a tribe, these twelve sons of Jacob were called “patriarchs,” or ‘heads of the fathers.’ As a speaker before the Jerusalem Sanhedrin once said: “He then gave him the covenant of circumcision, and so, after Isaac was born, he circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob the twelve patriarchs. The patriarchs out of jealousy sold Joseph into slavery in Egypt, but God was with him.” (Acts 7:8, 9, New English Bible) Properly, the Greek-speaking Jews spoke of “Abraham the patriarch,” and also of “the patriarch David.”—Hebrews 7:4; Acts 2:29, NEB. 20. Was a religious patriarchate thus set up in Israel? 20 This does not mean, however, that a religious patriarchate was set up among Jacob’s descendants there in Egypt. After Jacob’s death in the land of Goshen, Joseph as the prime minister of Egypt for Pharaoh did not set himself up as the patriarchal head of the “twelve tribes of Israel,” even though his father’s final blessing upon him indicated that the right of firstborn had been transferred to Joseph.—Genesis 49:22-26; 50:15-26. 21. (a) Jacob indicated that the right of firstborn was now transferred to whom? (b) Choice of the head one of the line leading to the Messianic king depended upon whom? 21 By his prophetic blessings upon his twelve sons the patriarch Jacob disclosed more than that the birthright or right of the firstborn had been transferred from Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn son by his first wife Leah, to Joseph, the firstborn son of his second wife Rachel. (Genesis 29:21-32) Before selling Joseph into slavery in Egypt, his half brothers resented the thought that he might become king over them. (Genesis 37:8) But long previous to this, when God gave to the patriarch Abraham the covenant of circumcision, God foretold that kings would come out of Abraham, and this by means of his wife Sarah, whose name God then changed from Sarai to Sarah, meaning “Princess.” (Genesis 17:16) Also, when God changed Jacob’s name to Israel, he promised that kings would come out of Jacob. (Genesis 35:10, 11) However, the right of the firstborn son of the family did not automatically carry with it the right and honor to be the ancestor to the line of kings that would lead up to the Messianic King, the “seed” of God’s heavenly “woman.” This vital matter depended upon God’s choice. He caused Jacob to point out which son would be ancestor to such King. 22. In a blessing, over which son did Jacob refer to a “scepter” and a “commander’s staff”? 22 After expressing his disapproval of Reuben, Simeon and Levi, the dying Jacob said with reference to his fourth son by his first wife Leah: “As for you, Judah, your brothers will laud you. Your hand will be on the back of the neck of your enemies. The sons of your father will prostrate themselves to you. A lion cub Judah is. From the prey, my son, you will certainly go up. He bowed down, he stretched himself out like a lion and, like a lion, who dares rouse him? The scepter will not turn aside from Judah, neither the commander’s staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes; and to him the obedience of the peoples will belong.”—Genesis 49:8-10. 23. All those features, scepter, commander’s staff, obedience of the peoples, comparison with a lion, bespeak what for Judah? 23 Let us note Jacob’s comparison of Judah with a lion. Micah 5:8 likens a lion to an animal king of the forest. Ezekiel 19:1-9 likens the kings of the kingdom of Judah to lions. So Jacob’s comparison of Judah with a lion goes well with the fact that the scepter was not to “turn aside from Judah,” this implying that Judah already had the scepter and would not lose it or be deprived of it. That this was the scepter of kingship is bolstered up by the fact that the scepter was instructioned with the “commander’s staff,” which also was not to turn away from Judah before Shiloh would come. Furthermore, to Judah, as represented by this Shiloh, “the obedience of the peoples will belong.” (Genesis 49:10) All these features about Judah bespeak royalty! 24, 25. (a) What does the name Shiloh mean, and to whom does it apply? (b) Why will the royal scepter not have to turn aside from Judah? 24 The name Shiloh is understood to mean “The One Whose It Is.” The ancient Latin Vulgate, which was translated from the original Hebrew text of the day, reads: “Until he comes who is to be sent.” 25 The coming of this Shiloh (“The One Whose It Is”) refers to the same one whose coming is foretold in the words of the Sovereign Lord Jehovah to the last Judean king of Jerusalem: “A ruin, a ruin, a ruin I shall make it. As for this also, it will certainly become no one’s until he comes who has the legal right, and I must give it to him.” (Ezekiel 21:27) This undoubtedly refers to the coming of the Messianic King, the “seed” of God’s figurative “woman,” for with his coming there is no need of a further succession of kings after him. Then the kingdom in the tribe of Judah reaches its culmination and remains forever in the hands of Shiloh. This is the Messianic King that will sit at Jehovah’s right hand in the heavens and will be a king like Melchizedek, to whom the patriarch Abraham paid the tithes of the spoils of victory. (Psalm 110:1-4) Thus the royal scepter would not turn aside from Judah. 26. (a) How does 1 Chronicles 5:1, 2 show right of firstborn to be one thing and royal connections another? (b) Despite unplanned developments, Jehovah was free and able to do what? 26 That the right of the firstborn son of the family was one thing and the assignment of royal leadership was another thing, and that God through the dying patriarch Jacob assigned the royal leadership to Judah, is plainly stated in Scripture. In 1 Chronicles 5:1, 2 we read concerning the sons of Jacob: “And the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel—for he was the firstborn; but for his profaning the lounge of his father his right as firstborn was given to the sons of Joseph the son of Israel, so that he [Reuben] was not to be enrolled genealogically for the right of the firstborn. For Judah himself proved to be superior among his brothers, and the one for leader was from him [and the prince descended from him (Leeser); and of him came he that is the prince (Jewish Publication Society)]; but the right as firstborn was Joseph’s.” We cannot here say that the Almighty, All-Wise God planned it this way, for he did not induce the misdeeds of Reuben, Simeon and Levi and the consequences thereof. Rather, according to the way that the unplanned developments worked out he was free to make choice of Judah. Regardless of what happened he was able to stick to his original purpose and to work it out without change. 27, 28. (a) Upon what nation, then, shall we keep our eyes trained, and upon which part thereof in particular? (b) By acting upon the evidence that God furnishes, what benefits shall we enjoy? 27 God’s choices and movements serve as a sure guide for us as we consider His “eternal purpose” that he formed in connection with the Anointed One, the Messiah. From the prophetic words that he inspired the dying patriarch Jacob to pronounce over Judah, we know the course for us to follow. We must keep our eyes trained, not merely upon the twelve tribes of Israel in general, but upon the tribe of Judah in particular because of its direct relationship with Jehovah’s Messiah, the “seed” of His heavenly “woman.” More and more evidence is accumulating to aid us to identify this Messianic King with whom God’s “eternal purpose” is wrapped up. 28 Acting upon the evidence as the Sovereign Lord Jehovah furnishes it to us, we shall avoid becoming followers of a disappointing false Messiah. We shall, instead, experience the joy of recognizing the true Messiah from God and following the one by means of whom all the nations of the earth will procure an eternal blessing.