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What is the case report and review of the literature? | Spontaneous resolution of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. |
What is the name of the immunosuppressive agent used in kidney transplant recipients? | Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, which are used for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. We have recently demonstrated that MMF and its parent compound mycophenolic acid (MPA), which is a potent inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase, potentiate the antiherpesvirus activity of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir. We have now evaluated the antiviral efficacy of the combination of MPA and the novel antiherpesvirus agent H2G [(R)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine]. When combined with H2G, MPA (at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 10 microgram/ml, which are readily attainable in human plasma) markedly potentiated the antiviral efficacy of H2G against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), as reflected by a 10- to 150-fold decrease in the 50% effective concentration. Moreover, the activity of H2G against a thymidine kinase-deficient strain of HSV-1 (TK- HSV-1) was increased more than 2,500-fold when combined with MPA. MPA by itself had little or no effect on the replication of these viruses. Similar observations were made for varicella-zoster virus. Also, ribavirin (another inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase) caused a marked enhancement of the activity of H2G against HSV-1 (10-fold), HSV-2 (10-fold), and TK- HSV-1 (>185-fold). Exogenously added guanosine reversed the potentiating effects of MPA on the antiviral activity of H2G, indicating that this potentiating effect resulted from a depletion of the endogenous dGTP pools, thus favoring the inhibitory action of the H2G triphosphate on the viral DNA polymerase. |
What is the immunofluorescence technique used to diagnose acute infection? | Immunoglobulin responses to Coxiella burnetii (Q fever): single-serum diagnosis of acute infection, using an immunofluorescence technique. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What is the protocol that patients are in unable to comply with? | - Patients, who in the judgment of the investigator are unable to comply with the protocol. |
What is the name of the cinacalcet excreted in human milk? | It is not known whether cinacalcet is excreted in human milk. |
What is the effect of STN DBS on rigidity in Parkinson's disease? | Effects of STN DBS on rigidity in Parkinson's disease. |
What is the study hypothesis and patient population? | Study Hypothesis and Patient Population: |
- have written permission of the attending physician to participate? | - have the written permission of the attending physician to participate; |
What was the aim of the study? | The aim of this study was to obtain first clinical experiences with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with digital subtraction (MR-DSA) using an automatic floating table for visualization peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease (paod). We examined 10 patients on a 1.5 T MR unit applying a fast MRA technique (3D FLASH) with intravenous application of positive contrast agent. MR-DSA examinations were compared with the gold standard intraarterial (i.a.) DSA. MR-DSA proved to be useful for routine application which could be performed sufficiently in all patients. MR-DSA and i.a. DSA showed comparable results for imaging of the pelvic and upper leg arteries. Looking at the thighs image quality of MR-DSA did not match the image quality of i.a. DSA in every case. This was due to venous overlap and in comparison to i.a. DSA reduced signal-to-noise ratios. However, clinical findings, obtained with MR-DSA, were sufficient for adequate therapy planning. Our preliminary results reveal the potential of this new technique to become a realistic, robust, and non-invasive alternative to i.a. DSA in the diagnosis of paod. |
What is the effect of extracted slime on vancomycin and teicoplanin | Adhesion to biomaterial is assumed to be a crucial step in the development of staphylococcal foreign body infections. Production of extracellular slime has major implications for the development and implementation of therapeutic strategies. The effect of extracted slime was investigated on the activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampicin and ranbezolid against 10 clinical and 4 ATCC staphylococcal isolates. The slime extract caused a 2- to 16-fold increase in the MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin, with a shift in the MIC(90) from 2 to 32 (vancomycin) and 2 to 16 (teicoplanin), whereas the MICs of linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin were only moderately affected. In time-kill studies, a significant decrease in bacterial killing (>3 log(10) cfu/ml) was observed with vancomycin and teicoplanin (4 x MIC) after addition of slime (5 and 20 mg/ml), whereas the effect of killing by linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin was very modest. The rifampicin and ranbezolid MICs and kill curves were not influenced by the addition of slime. The present study thus indicated that slime interferes with the antimicrobial effect of glycopeptide drugs (vancomycin, teicoplanin), and that for effective prevention and treatment of prosthetic device-related infections, appropriate and newer antibiotics such as ranbezolid should be considered. |
What is a condition that may interfere with contact lens wear? | 5. Any systemic disease, autoimmune disease, or use of medications, which may interfere with contact lens wear. |
What is the relationship between the visual analog scale and the SF-36 scales in general | The relationship between the visual analog scale and the SF-36 scales in the general population: an update. |
What was the aim of this report? | PURPOSE: The aim of this report was to evaluate psychological deficits following polytrauma in childhood and adolescence as well as to detect psychological vulnerable phases during the treatment period. METHODS: From 9/92 to 12/98, 41 polytrauma patients (18a or younger) were treated at the University of Vienna Medical School, Trauma Center. Out of the 28 survivors, patients with head injuries and congenital neurological deficits were excluded, leaving 10 young patients that were eligible for psychological testing after a mean follow-up of 3.4 years (range, 1 to 7 years). Besides catamnesis and diagnostic interviews, an evaluation of cognitive functions as well as personality tests were performed. RESULTS: The diagnostic interviews revealed mild psychiatric symptoms in 2/10 patients, but the cognitive functions did not show any deficits compared to normal values. The personality tests presented stress-avoiding strategies and an increased anxiety sensitivity in 2/10 patients. The catamnesis constantly revealed 2 vulnerable phases in all patients: 1. the transfer from the intensive care unit to the normal ward, 2. the retransfer to the domestic field after a long hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The present report suggests that the long-term psychological outcome following polytrauma in childhood and adolescence may be good, without any major disorders. The described critical phases during treatment demonstrate that psychological support in the young, severely injured patient should start very early on at the intensive care unit. |
What is the name of the subject who is allergic to? | - Additionally, subjects who are allergic to iodine, albumin, or iodinated I131 albumin, or cannot undergo intravenous catheter placement will be ineligible to participate. |
What type of palsy is caused by oxygen deprivation? | - Cerebral palsy of any types caused by oxygen deprivation. |
What is flavocoxid? | Acute liver injury due to flavocoxid (Limbrel), a medical food for osteoarthritis: a case series. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the second objective of the study? | - A secondary objective is to know if consumption of this iron fortified fruit juice modifies bone remodelling. |
How many weeks have been on PEG-IFN treatment? | - have been on PEG-IFN treatment for more than 24 weeks,and 20 < HBV DNA < 20000 IU/ml（Roche Cobas）. |
What was the i.p. administered? | An examination of the biokinetics and biodistribution of i.p. administered 131I- or 111In-labelled 791T/36 antibody (1 mg) has been carried out in five patients with stage III/IV ovarian cancer. Blood kinetics and urinary excretion of the radiolabels were assayed. Scintigraphy was performed immediately following administration and before and after peritoneal lavage at 48 h. Blood levels of both preparations rose over the first 20-40 h reaching 8-14% of the administered dose in the circulation and then declined (T1/2 of 40 h). Circulating radiolabel was still attached partially to antibody as shown by precipitation with anti-mouse IgG antiserum. The rapid appearance of radiolabel in the bloodstream meant that any tumour localization could be from circulating antibody rather than local infiltration. Interpretation of the images was difficult and the distribution of the tracer was different from that previously observed using i.v. administration of antibody. In some cases the images were confusing and the uptake of activity did not fit in with the clinical knowledge of the disease or the findings from laparoscopy. Tumour specimens resected at 4-5 days showed up to 0.02% of the dose g-1. |
What is the genotype of HCV? | HCV Genotype |
Adult patients with ARDS are prone to ventilation? | - Adult patients (age > 18 years) with ARDS undergoing prone ventilation |
What is the name of the Pseudonymization that is used to protect patients | Improving patients privacy with Pseudonymization. |
What is the name of the study that has converged with cognitive and affective neuroscience? | This article offers an overview of meditation research: its history, recent developments, and future directions. As the number and scope of studies grow, the field has converged with cognitive and affective neuroscience, and spawned many clinical applications. Recent work has shed light on the mechanisms and effects of diverse practices, and is entering a new phase where consensus and coherent paradigms are within reach. This article suggests an unusual path for future advancement: complementing conventional research with rigorous dialogue with the contemplative traditions that train expert meditators and best know the techniques. It explores the Nalanda tradition developed in India and preserved in Tibet, because its cumulative approach to contemplative methods produced a comprehensive framework that may help interpret data and guide research, and because its naturalistic theories and empirical methods may help bridge the gulf between science and other contemplative traditions. Examining recent findings and models in light of this framework, the article introduces the Indic map of the central nervous system and presents three testable predictions based on it. Finally, it reviews two studies that suggest that the multimodal Nalanda approach to contemplative learning is as well received as more familiar approaches, while showing promise of being more effective. |
What is the risk of a patient with a clinically significant abnormality on ECG | - Patients with a clinically significant abnormality on screening ECG (taken within 12 weeks) that in the opinion of the investigator/co-investigator may increase the patient's cardiovascular risk in this study. |
What is the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of mistletoe | - Determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of mistletoe lectin (recombinant viscumin) in patients with advanced solid tumors who have failed standard therapy. |
What is the OBJECTIVE of assessing the safety of performing magnetic resonance imaging? | OBJECTIVE: Assess the safety of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on patients with stapes prostheses. STUDY DESIGN: Survey and animal model. METHODS: A survey regarding implant usage, MRI procedures, and adverse outcomes after MRI in patients previously undergoing stapes procedures. Guinea pigs implanted with ferromagnetic 17 to 4 stainless steel, 316L nonferromagnetic stainless steel, titanium, and fluoroplastic stapes prostheses underwent a MRI in a 4.7 Tesla MR system. RESULTS: : Three adverse outcomes were reported on the clinical survey. One adverse event occurred during an MRI performed on a recalled ferromagnetic prosthesis. The other two adverse events were probably not secondary to MRI exposure. No damage or inflammation was observed in the region of the oval window or vestibule of implanted guinea pigs exposed to a 4.7 Tesla MR system. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of prior studies, the clinical survey, and the absence of histopathologic evidence of damage in the guinea pigs is compelling evidence that MRI for patients with stapes prostheses is safe. Implanting physicians should feel comfortable clearing a patient for a MRI in a 1.5 Tesla or 3.0 Tesla MRI. It is imperative for the physician to qualify the field strength when clearing a patient to undergo a MRI. |
What is the p53 mutation commonly associated with? | p53 mutation is commonly associated with high-grade, high-stage human urothelial carcinomas. Recent studies suggest that p53 mutation in low-grade, low-stage bladder carcinomas may be correlated with the progression of the disease. In the present study, we used antisense RNA methodology in vitro to evaluate the significance of the loss of p53 function at an early stage of urinary bladder carcinogenesis. An immortalized nontumorigenic rat urothelial cell line (MYP3) that strongly expresses wild-type (WT) p53 was transfected with a plasmid (pcDL-SR alpha-296) containing a rat WT p53 cDNA in antisense orientation. The transfection resulted in a significant reduction in p53 mRNA expression and protein synthesis, in stimulation of anchorage-dependent growth, and in acquisition of anchorage-independent growth potential. Three such clones, when tested in athymic nude mice, all formed muscle-invasive, high-grade transitional cell carcinomas at s.c. injection sites. When cells were inoculated into an orthotopic site (urinary bladder), one of two antisense transfectants tested formed bulky tumors in the bladder in all seven nude mice and metastases to lungs in three of the seven mice. Analysis of these cells revealed a decrease in the expression of p21 (WAF1, sdi1, or CIP1) and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product. Phosphorylation of Rb protein was not inhibited when the cells were starved. No significant difference was observed in the expression of p16 protein. In cell cycle analysis, all antisense transfectants tested escaped from G1 arrest by starvation. Furthermore, secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 into culture medium was increased significantly. Treatment with anti-IL-6 antibody suppressed anchorage-dependent growth. This study directly demonstrates that the loss of p53 function at an early stage of urothelial carcinogenesis may result in acquisition of a malignant phenotype by regulating IL-6 production as well as cell cycle related genes. |
What is BMI >30? | - BMI >30; |
Date of first authorisation | Date of first authorisation: |
What is the UK perspective on? | Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttony v. sloth debate. |
What is the EXP MM-YYYYYYYYYY | EXP {MM-YYYY} |
What was the relapse rate for patients in the inactive stage in group A? | AIM AND METHODS: Epitope analysis of sera from 20 patients with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody- (MPO-ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis was examined by Western blotting using a panel set of recombinant deletion mutants of MPO. Sera from 19 patients reacted with recombinants of MPO heavy chain, whereas no serum reacted with the light chain regions. The high frequency sites were regions on the upstream of Met341 (Ha region), on the upstream of Met409 (Hb region) near the N-terminus of the MPO heavy chain and a region on the downstream of Gly598 (Hg region) near the C-terminus. The epitope recognition profiles were classified into 2 groups. Group A, which had 1 or 2 regions in Ha, Hb and Hg, and group B, which had all 3 regions. RESULTS: Incidence of alveolar hemorrhage (AH) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (AH: group A 9 of 13 (69.2%), group B 1 of 6 (16.7%) p < 0.05, PF: group A 10 of 13 (76.9%), group B 1 of 6 (16.7%) p < 0.05, AH and/or PH: group A 12 of 13 (92.3%) and group B 1 of 6 (16.7%) p < 0.01). Relapse rate for patients in the inactive stage in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (p < 0.05). T-cell reacted regions were Ha, Hb, Hg and the light chain of MPO recombinant fragments. Higher frequency of HLA typing with MHC class II DR9 was observed. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that MPO-ANCA recognizes the linear site of the heavy chain of the MPO molecule. The epitope recognition profiles are related to the clinical features, suggesting the pathogenesis of MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. |
What is the use of prostatilen in treating patients with chronic prostatitis? | [The use of prostatilen in treating patients with chronic prostatitis]. |
Age | Age |
What is the purpose of the study? | - Willingness to comply with MOH & CDC guidance on using a condom for sexual activity and at least through week 24 of the study. |
What is the classification of organs in the Organ Class system? | System Organ Class |
Dynamic radiographic analysis of sympathetic cervical spondylosis instability. | Dynamic radiographic analysis of sympathetic cervical spondylosis instability. |
What is the FCP concentration? | 4. Active inflammation documented by a FCP concentration >250ug/g (or >300 ug/g measured via Point-of-Care FCP testing) or high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)>5 mg/L measured at screening. |
What is the total Lung Capacity of the TB? | 2. If Total Lung Capacity is between 60% and 70% (predicted), a High Resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scan must be performed to rule out diffuse interstitial fibrosis or alveolitis |
What is the value of the test? | [Basophilles degranulation test. Its value in an overseas allergologic dispensary (author's transl)]. |
What is the history of cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months? | - History of cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months. |
What is the cause of cognitive decline in older adults? | Factors associated with cognitive decline in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus during a 6-year observation. |
What is the name of the Iressa? | ZD1839 (Iressa) in non-small cell lung cancer. |
What is the PI3K-AKT-eNOS-NO-cGM | Icariin stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells via activating the PI3K-AKT-eNOS-NO-cGMP-PKG. |
What is the outcome of infants born at 24-26 weeks? | Outcome of infants born at 24-26 weeks' gestation: II. Neurodevelopmental outcome. |
What is the purpose of functional movement assessment? | Consortium for health and military performance and American College of Sports Medicine Summit: utility of functional movement assessment in identifying musculoskeletal injury risk. |
Clinical presentation of depression in the elderly | Clinical presentation of depression in the elderly. |
What effect did hypertonic saline dextran resuscitation have | Effects of hypertonic saline dextran resuscitation on oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and lipid peroxidation after burn injury. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the name of the two newly recognized pathologic entities called? | The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the clinical presentation and natural history associated with two newly recognized pathologic entities termed mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), including the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and monocytoid B-cell subcategories, and (2) to determine whether these entities differ clinically from the other relatively indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with which they have been previously classified. We reviewed the conventional pathology and clinical course of 376 patients who had no prior therapy; had stage III/IV disease; were classified as Working Formulation categories A, B, C, D, or E; and received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) on Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) studies no. 7204, 7426, or 7713. All slides were reviewed by the three pathologists who reached a consensus diagnosis. Age, sex, performance status, bone marrow and/or gastrointestinal involvement, failure-free survival, and overall survival were compared among all the categories. We found that (1) MCL and MZL each represent approximately 10% of stage III or IV patients previously classified as Working Formulation categories A through E and treated with CHOP on SWOG clinical trials; (2) the failure-free survival and overall survival of patients with MZL is the same as that of patients with Working Formulation categories A through E, but the failure-free survival and overall survival of the monocytoid B-cell patients were higher than that of the MALT lymphoma patients (P = .009 and .007, respectively); and (3) the failure-free survival and overall survival of patients with MCL is significantly worse than that of patients with Working Formulation categories A through E (P = .0002 and .0001, respectively). In conclusion, patients with advanced stage MALT lymphomas may have a more aggressive course than previously recognized. Patients with MCL do not have an indolent lymphoma and are candidates for innovative therapy. |
What is the purpose of this paper? | The purpose of this paper is to discuss the combining orthodontic treatment that is based on seventeen consecutive patients of severe mandibular skeletal retrognathism who have been treated by orthognathic surgery. Not only the presurgical preparation, but also the presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic treatment and the use of interocclusal splints were introduced. The goals of orthodontic treatment for patients with orthognathic surgery are (1) decompensating the teeth, expanding the upper dental arch, (2) aligning the teeth, (3) leveling the curve of Spee, (4) making the shape and width of upper and lower dental arch harmonious, (5) getting the occlusal equilibrium and fine occlusal contact. The author's experience indicates that: in order to get satisfactory results of esthetics and function, the combination of surgical and orthodontic treatment, the presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic treatment is absolutely necessary and important. |
What is the exclusion criteria? | Exclusion Criteria: |
What is a concept proposed by Gibson? | Falls are frequent in the elderly and account for medical complications and loss of autonomy. Affordance, a concept proposed by Gibson, can help to understand a possible cause of falls. An affordance is defined as a potentiality of action offered by the environment in relation with both the properties of this environment and the properties of the organism. Most of our daily activities reflect a perfect adjustment between the perception of these potentialities of action and our actual action abilities. In other words, we correctly perceive affordances. However, in the elderly, postural abilities are reduced and equilibration is more unstable. Thus, some falls could result from a misperception of the affordances of posturability. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that cognitive overestimation of real postural abilities in the elderly may cause falls. There would be a gap between what the old subjects believe to be able to do and what they actually can do. Fifteen young adults (mean age = 24 years) and fifteen older adults (mean age = 72 years) had to judge if they were able to stand upright on an inclined surface. The exploration of the inclined surface was made in two conditions: visually and also by haptics (without vision with a cane). In a second part, we measured their real postural stance on the inclined surface. The results show that the perceptual judgments were not different among old and young people. However, as expected, the old subjects had lower postural boundaries than the younger. They could stand on lower inclinations of the surface. These results show an involution of the perception of the affordances in aging. They support the hypothesis of a cognitive overestimation of action abilities in the elderly, possibly due to a difficulty to actualize the new limits for action. |
What is the visual acuity of Snellen 20/70 in at least one | 8. Sufficient vision to participate in cognitive testing (corrected near visual acuity of Snellen 20/70 in at least one eye) and eye-tracking (able to identify symbols and stimuli presented on a computer screen in front of them) |
What is the name of the CRC749 INHALER? | AN OPEN STUDY TO ASSESS THE ROBUSTNESS OF THE CRC749 INHALER: |
What is mediated by nitric oxide? | AIM: To study the role of the endothelium in mediating the response of the coronary arteries to adrenoceptor agonists. METHODS: Endothelium intact and denuded dog epicardial coronary artery rings were used. The contractile responses were recorded on forcetransducer and a pen recorder. RESULTS: In all ring segments, norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol (Iso) produced concentration-dependent relaxation in the presence and absence of phentolamine. Endothelium-removal decreased this relaxation and depressed the maximal response. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester induced the same influences as endothelium-removal. CONCLUSION: beta-adrenoceptor agonists produce relaxation of dog coronary artery by both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms, endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by beta-adrenoceptor agonists is mediated by nitric oxide. |
What is the predictor of survival in local invasive renal cell carcinoma? | Urinary collecting system invasion is a predictor for overall and disease-specific survival in locally invasive renal cell carcinoma. |
- Insidious onset - Insidious onset - In | - Insidious onset |
What is the study protocol discussed with eligible patients? | 1. Enrolment procedure The study protocol will be discussed with eligible patients. All patients under treatment in the participating centers that meet the in- and exclusion criteria that give informed consent will be included. |
What is the central role of CALK in the biflagellated alga | Cilia and flagella play key roles in development and sensory transduction, and several human disorders, including polycystic kidney disease, are associated with the failure to assemble cilia. Here, we show that the aurora protein kinase CALK in the biflagellated alga Chlamydomonas has a central role in two pathways for eliminating flagella. Cells rendered deficient in CALK were defective in regulated flagellar excision and regulated flagellar disassembly. Exposure of cells to altered ionic conditions, the absence of a centriole/basal body for nucleating flagellar assembly, cessation of delivery of flagellar components to their tip assembly site, and formation of zygotes all led to activation of the regulated disassembly pathway as indicated by phosphorylation of CALK and the absence of flagella. We propose that cells have a sensory pathway that detects conditions that are inappropriate for possession of a flagellum, and that CALK is a key effector of flagellar disassembly in that pathway. |
How many articles were reviewed by the conference participants? | BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing health problem that contributes to numerous life-threatening or disabling disorders, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, degenerative joint disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. Significant weight reduction in the morbidly obese improves or reverses associated illness and benefits well-being. The purpose of the SAGES Appropriateness Conference was to summarize the state of the art for open and laparoscopic operations for the morbidly obese. METHODS: The English literature comparing bariatric procedures was reviewed and grouped by level of evidence by three surgeons (BS, LV, and CC). From more than 1,500 articles, all conference participants were provided with reprints and table summaries of no less than 50 selected manuscripts. Ten experts were requested to present reviews and make evidence-based arguments for and against the open and laparoscopic approaches in written format. An expert panel of six surgeons, including an ethicist and patient, commented on implications of data presented. The finalized statement was e-mailed to all participants for approval and comment. RESULTS: Consensus statements were achieved on various aspects of morbid obesity, including indications for surgery, resolution of comorbid illnesses with significant weight loss, and the importance of committed bariatric program. Our panel of experts agreed, in general, to the advantages of laparoscopic approaches compared to open operations in skilled hands. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) affords improved short-term recovery compared to open gastric bypass. Laparoscopic adjustable banding can be performed with lower average mortality than either RYGB or any of the malabsorptive operations, and it produces variable degrees of short-term weight loss. Prospective randomized trials are needed to compare gastric bypass, malabsorptive, and restrictive procedures. |
- Keine radiotherapy adipose-pelvic radiotherapy prior to | - No prior abdominal-pelvic radiotherapy |
- Chemotherapy or radiotherapy before the surgery? | - Chemotherapy or radiotherapy before the surgery |
What is the effect of a rabbit model? | Tissue plasminogen activator combined with human recombinant deoxyribonuclease is effective therapy for empyema in a rabbit model. |
What is the insulin requirement in patients with hepatic or renal impairment? | In patients with hepatic or renal impairment insulin requirements may be diminished. |
What is the therapeutic activity of sunitinib malate in patients with? | - To assess the therapeutic activity of sunitinib malate in patients with either chemonaïve extensive stage or sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer. |
What is the cause of myocardial infarct? | Several induced cardiomyopathy , Mycoplasma pneumonia-induced myocarditis, heart damage investigations have shown positive effects of Se on experimental models: cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapics, ischemic cardiopathy, CVB3 and LP-BM5 (murine AIDS, retrovirus)-in reperfused heart, and in chagasic cardiopathy. In addition, beneficial effects of Se supplementation were reported in patients with myocardial infarct, Keshan disease, and cardiac dysfunction during HPN. |
What is the role of the MFC during early course of illness? | BACKGROUND: Exaggerated concern for correct performance has been linked to hyperactivity of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but the role of the MFC during the early course of illness remains poorly understood. We tested whether hyperactive MFC-based performance monitoring function relates to altered MFC connectivity within task control and default mode networks in pediatric patients. METHODS: Eighteen pairs of OCD and matched healthy youth underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance monitoring and at rest. Task-related hyperactivations in the posterior and ventral MFC were used as seeds for connectivity analyses during task and resting state. RESULTS: In posterior MFC, patients showed greater activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) than control subjects, with greater activation predicting worse performance. In ventral MFC, control subjects exhibited deactivation, whereas patients activated this region. Compared with control subjects, patients showed increased dACC-ventral MFC connectivity during task and decreased dACC-right anterior operculum and ventral MFC-posterior cingulate connectivity during rest. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive activation and increased interactions of posterior and ventral MFC during performance monitoring may combine with reduced resting state connectivity of these regions within networks for task control and default mode to reflect early markers of OCD. Alteration of reciprocal interactions between these networks could potentiate the intrusion of ventral MFC-based affectively laden, self-referential thoughts, while disrupting posterior MFC-based performance-monitoring function in young patients. |
What is the main cause of hypoxia? | It has long been recognized that normal healing is dependent on the oxygen gradient in the wound Hypoxia can slow or arrest the healing process and augments the risk of infection. While hypoxia triggers neoangiogenesis, normal tissue oxygen pressures are mandatory for migration of repair cells (macrophages, fibroblasts), production of collagen precursors and, thus, for wound repair with good mechanical properties. Recent studies have identified the underlying molecular mechanisms of wound repair. In clinical practice, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is to treat problem wounds like diabetic foot lesions, arterial ulcers, and radionecrosis. Direct or indirect measurement of oxygen tissue pressure can help to select patients and to monitor treatment outcome. |
What is the average thickness of STAD in stroke patients? | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the presence of aortic sinotubular debris (STAD) identified by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and embolic strokes. BACKGROUND: The presence of atherosclerotic debris in the ascending aorta or aortic arch detected by transesophageal echocardiography or epiaortic echocardiography has been well established to be correlated with embolic stroke or other thromboembolic events. No data are available on the role of TTE in describing aortic pathology in thromboembolic events. METHODS: We identified 60 transthoracic echocardiographic studies from 11,275 studies, in which STAD was diagnosed. The charts of these patients (group 1; mean age 67 +/- 10 years) were reviewed and compared with those of 57 patients (group 2) without STAD, matched for age, gender and risk factors for advanced atherosclerosis. The results of brain imaging procedures, carotid duplex and coronary angiography were also reviewed. RESULTS: Ischemic stroke was found in 15 of group 1 (25%) and 4 patients of group 2 (7%, odds ratio = 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-19.4, p = 0.008). The average thickness of STAD was 0.7 +/- 0.2 cm in stroke patients and 0.6 +/- 0.2 cm in patients without stroke (p = n.s.). STAD was associated with </=40% carotid artery stenosis. CONCLUSION: STAD detected by TTE is strongly associated with embolic strokes. Our findings expand the role of TTE in the evaluation of patients with embolic strokes. |
What is an active infection that requires systemic therapy? | - An active infection requiring systemic therapy. |
What is the most common usage of photography in medicine and anatomy? | Photography has a widespread usage in medicine and anatomy. In this review, authors focused on the usage of photography in gross and clinical anatomy. Photography in gross and clinical anatomy is not only essential for accurate documentation of morphological findings but also important in sharing knowledge and experience. Photographs of cadavers are supposed to demonstrate the required information clearly. Thus, photographs should be taken with certain techniques in order to obtain high quality and standardization. Camera, lens, lighting, background, and certain photographic techniques are among the factors to achieve precise images. A set of suggested guidelines for accomplishing these standards are given for anatomists. |
What group discussion will be conducted with the participants of the training? | 1. Focus group discussions will be carried out with the participants of the training to understand their perceptions and attitudes regarding the training and the intervention: the number of focus group discussions for this component will be based on the number of training sessions conducted. We will be doing one group discussion for each training session. |
What effect did melatonin have on cigarette smoke-induced resteno | Protective effect of melatonin on cigarette smoke-induced re-stenosis in rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. |
BMI23 kg/m2? | 2. BMI≥23 kg/m2 |
What is the name of the rare group of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cer | The compilation of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix uteri comprises a rare group of carcinomas characterised by particularly aggressive behaviour. These carcinomas can be described and differentiated from similar carcinomas with different biological behaviour by light microscopy and immunohistochemical investigations. We present three patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, stage I b, all of them operated according to Wertheim's operation with pelvic lymphadenectomy and in one case paraaortal lymphadenectomy. In all three cases we found a clinical manifestation of hematogenic metastases. Since we are not aware of any reports on this form of carcinoma in German literature, we would emphasise the importance of diagnostic differentiation between neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix and other similar carcinomas of this localisation, in particular since this form of carcinoma requires specific therapeutic procedures. |
What is the purpose of INSTRUCTIONS ON USE? | INSTRUCTIONS ON USE |
What is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory viral disease in many countries? | Outbreaks of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) are the leading cause of serious acute lower respiratory viral disease in many countries in different continents. Data on clinical and epidemiological aspects of HRSV infections in this country have been reported, but there is lack of data regarding the molecular epidemiology of this virus in Salvador. The genetic variability of HRSV isolated during an outbreak in Salvador, Brazil (1999) has been analysed. Partial sequences of the G protein gene of 13 isolates from antigenic group A and 4 isolates from antigenic group B of HRSV were determined. Nucleotide sequences of C-terminal G gene were compared to sequences of HRSV isolates from countries of South America and from the rest of the world available at the GenBank. Brazilian group A and B isolates were clustered into previously characterised genotypes: GA5, GA2, GA7, and GB3, SAB3, respectively. This is the first study of GA7 and SAB3 genotypes circulation in South American countries. It is interesting to point out that viruses isolated in Salvador appear to be closer related with those from Montevideo-Uruguay and Buenos Aires, Argentina strains, suggesting circulation of similar strains among different South American countries in different seasons. Moreover, viruses closely related genetically circulated in the same year in Salvador and distant places such as Mozambique, supporting the previous suggestion on the complexity of HRSV strain circulation patterns, and the high capability of HRSV spreading world-wide. |
Pfizer Luxembourg SARL 283, route d' Arlon L-8011 | Pfizer Luxembourg SARL 283, route d’ Arlon L-8011 Strassen Luxembourg |
What is the main reason for the use of the bradycardia? | Laboratory exercises in which students examine the human diving response are widely used in high school and college biology courses despite the experience of some instructors that the response is unreliably produced in the classroom. Our experience with this exercise demonstrates that the bradycardia associated with the diving response is a robust effect that can easily be measured by students without any sophisticated measurement technology. We discuss measures that maximize the success of the exercise by reducing individual variation, designing experiments that are minimally affected by change in the response over time, collecting data in appropriate time increments, and applying the most powerful statistical analysis. Emphasis is placed on pedagogical opportunities for using this exercise to teach general principles of physiology, experimental design, and data analysis. Data collected by students, background information for instructors, a discussion of the relevance of the diving reflex to humans, suggestions for additional experiments, and thought questions with sample answers are included. |
What is the lower limit of normal? | 9. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) more or equal lower limit of normal (LLN) as assessed by echocardiography or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan. |
What is the primary research question? | Primary Research Question: |
What is administered orally and intraperitoneally? | Leflunomide, administered orally and intraperitoneally, has been studied in acute toxicity studies in mice and rats. |
- Absence of significant tooth size or shape abnormalities | - Absence of significant tooth size or shape abnormalities |
What is the most common cause of neuropsychologic deficits? | Recent studies have indicated the frequent occurrence of neuropsychologic deficits and cognitive complaints after systemic cancer chemotherapy. Most early reports were retrospective, but prospective longitudinal studies are underway. Although the available evidence suggests a fairly diffuse pattern of changes, memory and executive functions could be preferentially affected. Preliminary data also suggest that some individuals might be more vulnerable than others, leading to investigation of genetic and other risk factors. The greatest gap in our knowledge regarding chemotherapy-related cognitive changes is a lack of understanding of the mechanism or mechanisms that account for the observed changes. Several pathophysiological candidates include direct neurotoxic effects leading to atrophy of cerebral gray matter (GM) and/or demyelination of white matter (WM) fibers, secondary immunologic responses causing inflammatory reactions, and microvascular injury. Altered neurotransmitter levels and metabolites could constitute an additional mechanism related to neurotoxic effects. Advanced brain imaging techniques can directly or indirectly assess many of these mechanisms, but to date there has been very limited application of these tools. Morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are noninvasive techniques that could yield important complementary data regarding the nature of neural changes after chemotherapy. Electrophysiological studies and targeted molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) could also provide unique information. We review the minimal imaging data available at present and also note studies of other brain disorders or treatment effects that might serve as a model for imaging chemotherapy-induced changes. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to help isolate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cognitive deficits associated with chemotherapy. |
What is the main goal of the case management model? | Confusion about the cost-effectiveness of case management stems partly from poorly defined assumptions about outcomes and unclear theories of how case management affects costs. The authors discuss how cost-effectiveness is influenced by the characteristics of various case management models, characteristics of the clients served, and contextual factors, including resources available in the treatment system and financial incentives built into various payment mechanisms. Important differences exist between case management models in the mechanisms favored for managing resources, including whether the client or the case manager is primarily responsible for directing the course of treatment, whether reduction in hospitalizations is a primary goal, whether team case management is used, and how the size of caseloads is determined. |
What does the exclusion criteria do not meet? | - Not meeting exclusion criteria |
What isobaric dose of CSF will be injected after aspiration of cere | After placement of standard non-invasive monitoring, spinal anesthesia will be performed in the sitting position using a 25 gauge (GA) pencil point needle (Whitacre, Pencan). After aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a dose of isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine 12 mg will be injected. The aspiration of CSF will be repeated at the end of the injection. While performing spinal anesthesia, an intravenous infusion of dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo will be initiated according to randomization. |
What was the incidence of pain, redness, swelling, fatigue, gastro-enteritis | In a clinical study conducted with the current formulation, the incidence of pain, redness, swelling, fatigue, gastro-enteritis, headache and fever was comparable to the incidence observed with the former thiomersal and preservative containing vaccine formulation. |
What is the potential for a single peptide to deliver to a tumor site? | The targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumor vessels is an attractive strategy to enhance anticancer therapy and tumor detection, but such targeting does not mean efficient distribution into the tumor. Two consecutive papers, one in Cancer Cell and one in Science, report that a single peptide has the potential to selectively deliver a large variety of therapeutic agents and diagnostics to a tumor site and then to ensure their distribution deep in the tumor parenchyma. This peptide has the capacity to bind specific alpha(V) integrins through an arginine-glycine-aspartate motif and, after local proteolysis reveals a cryptic arginine/lysine-X-X-arginine/lysine motif, to bind the neuropilin-1 receptor and thereby increase tumor vascular permeability. Remarkably, this penetrating peptide works not only when it is conjugated to the payload, but also when it is coadministered with small molecules, nanoparticles, or monoclonal antibodies. |
Infected antral mucosa, Gastrin and somatostatin | Gastrin and somatostatin in Helicobacter pylori infected antral mucosa. |
What was the name of the patients undergoing radiotherapy? | - Patients undergoing radiotherapy in the head and neck area. Patients presented history of bone associated diseases or medication affecting bone metabolism; |
What was the risk factor related to behavior and habits not investigated? | Although tinnitus is a very common symptom, risk factors related to behavior and habits have not been sufficiently investigated. As no investigation on this problem has been performed in Serbia, the aim of our study was to establish the prevalence of tinnitus among Serbian adolescents and to investigate the relationship between their behavior and habits and tinnitus. This investigation was designed as a cross-sectional interview study among secondary school students in Belgrade, Serbia (277 boys and 494 girls). An anonymous questionnaire was self-administered at classes. The investigated variables were: The presence of tinnitus, sources of noise, night outs at noisy places, use of personal music players, smoking, second hand smoke (SHS), substance abuse, coffee and alcohol consumption. Spearman's rank-order correlations and multiple logistic regressions were performed with variables related to behavior and habits as independent ones and tinnitus as a dichotomized dependent variable. Tinnitus was reported by 99 students (12.8%), more frequently among girls compared with boys (P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis in boys revealed a significant independent effect of a regular drug abuse on the onset of tinnitus. The chances of tinnitus were 13 times higher among drug addicts compared with non-drug users (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] for tinnitus = 13.072; 1.335-127.946). In girls, the significant independent effect on tinnitus was found for daily duration of exposure to SHS (OR and 95% CI for tinnitus = 1.328; 1.073-1.644 /per 2 hours of exposure/). |
What form of consent is signed and datated? | - Signed and dated Informed Consent Form |
What is the sum of the item in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire | 2. An additive sum of the frequency (question 1) and volume (question 2) items from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form is ≤5 |
What was the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-mon | We studied the effects of halothane on the electrophysiologic and biochemical properties of both Langendorff perfused hearts and single ventricular myocytes isolated from guinea pigs. Isometric contractions of left ventricles in perfused hearts, elicited by atrial pacing, decreased to 14% of control after exposure to 2% halothane-equilibrated perfusate. Subsequently the slow inward Ca2+ current (ICa) was recorded in isolated myocytes with a whole cell voltage clamp technique. ICa, recorded in response to 100-ms depolarizations from -40 mV to 0 mV, was decreased by 2% halothane to 28.4% of control. Halothane-induced ICa depression did not exhibit use dependency. To define a possible site at which halothane acts, we measured the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content of single ventricular myocytes using a radioimmunoassay. Two percent halothane decreased myocardial cAMP content to 68.9% of control. Further addition of dibutyryl cAMP (10(-3) mol/L) partially reversed the depressed contractility during 2% halothane administration in perfused hearts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the decrease of myocardial cAMP by halothane was due to a direct action, at least partly, and not to other factors such as catecholamines, and suggested that the decreases in contractility and ICa were induced possibly through the decrease in cellular cAMP. |
Inclusion Criteria: | Inclusion Criteria: |
What is the condition of all female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding? | 7. Female patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding. All post menarche female patients must have a pregnancy test at screening. |