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What is Dyslexia?
The word ‘dyslexia’ is Greek and means ‘difficulty with words’. People with dyslexia have very specific learning differences and may experience difficulties in;
- Spelling – It can be very erractic
- Reading – hesitant and slow and not reliably understanding what has been read
- Written language
- Maths and number work
- Short term memory and lack of concentration
- Hearing and visual perception
- Sequencing difficulties – not getting dates or days of the week in order
- Difficulty processing and remembering what is heard
Dyslexia is best thought of as a continuum, not a distinct category, and there are no clear cut-off points. Dyslexia occurs across the range of intellectual abilities and is not an indication of intelligence or lack thereof. It is biological in origin and is defined by a lack of phonological awareness, which is an ability to convert letter combinations to sounds and vice versa.
The impact of dyslexia is extensive: if you cannot learn to read, you cannot read to learn and everything we do at school and throughout life requires us to have the skills to be able to read fluently and accurately. Above and beyond the difficulties and barriers that dyslexia presents, is the damage that low self-esteem can cause.
However, with the right help and support, strategies to overcome difficulties associated with dyslexia can be learnt and dyslexia needn’t be a barrier to achievement.
Dyslexia is not linked to low intelligence many are gifted in certain areas, some of which are;
- Innovative thinkers
- Lateral thinkers
- Excellent trouble shooters
- Intuitive problem solving
- Creative in many different ways
Common Dyslexia tendencies
Primary school age
- Puts letters and figures the wrong way round.
- Has difficulty remembering tables, alphabet, formulae etc.
- Leaves letters out of words or puts them in the wrong order.
- Still occasionally confuses ‘b’ and ‘d’ and words such as ‘no/on’.
- Still needs to use fingers or marks on paper to make simple calculations
- Has difficulty with tying shoe laces, tie, dressing.
- Has difficulty telling left from right, order of days of the week, months of the year etc.
- Has a poor sense of direction and still confuses left and right.
- Lacks confidence and has a poor self-image.
12 or over
- Needs to have instructions and telephone numbers repeated.
- Gets ‘tied up’ using long words, e.g. ‘preliminary’, ‘philosophical’.
- Confuses places, times, dates.
- Has difficulty with planning and writing essays.
- Has difficulty processing complex language or long series of instructions at speed. | <urn:uuid:6c09609e-ef05-47f3-a328-35a4d6f1a24b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ldadyslexia.org.uk/dyslexia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.931345 | 606 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Stocks are risky because they can be highly volatile in the short term. Individual stocks and entire markets can become “bearish”, meaning they can decline significantly in value for a period of months or even years. It’s important to fully understand that risk and appropriately manage it. I’d like to expand on my brief overview of stocks from earlier in this series by examining both the risk and reward of this type of investment.
Stock Market Risk
The stock market continually moves up and down in value, sometimes significantly and rapidly. No one — despite what they claim — can consistently and accurately predict stock market movement.
If you’re planning to invest in stocks, it helps to know a bit about the U.S. stock market’s historical performance:
- The stock market typically posts a negative return (i.e. loses money) once every 3 or 4 years
- Annual stock returns are volatile: stocks declined 37% in 2008, but gained 32% in 2013
- From October 2007 to March 2009, the stock market lost over half of its value
- Over one and two-year periods, stocks outperform bonds only about 60% of the time
- For 2000-2009, the stock market’s compound annual return was negative 1% per year
So Why Invest in Stocks?
Over the long term stocks offer higher returns than bonds, money markets, checking accounts, CDs, and other typical investments. Since 1926, large company stocks (in the U.S.) have achieved an annual compound return of 10%. That compares to 12% for small company stocks, only 5.5% for long-term government bonds, and 3% for inflation. Investors require higher return from stocks because of the stock market’s significant short-term volatility.
Professor Jeremy Siegel has done a lot of work to investigate the performance of stocks and bonds over the last 200 years. He notes that as the investment period lengthens, the probability that stocks outperform bonds increases. The table below shows the percentage of times that stocks outperformed bonds, for various holding periods. For example, if you remained invested for 20 years, stock returns beat bond returns 96% of the time between 1871-2012.
Siegel also calculates the worst performance over the last 200 years, for various holding periods. For example, the worst 20-year compound annual real return for stocks was positive 1.0%, compared to negative 3.1% for bonds.
The worst performance of stocks is better than that of bonds for investing periods of 10 years or more. In fact, between 1802 and 2012, for 20- and 30-year periods, stocks never generated negative real returns, but bonds did.
Stocks—especially over the short term—are risky. If your time horizon for investing is just a couple of years, my advice is that you stay away from stocks. There is no way you can be certain that the next 2 or 3 years won’t be abysmal for stock investors.
But over the long term, stocks are a preferred investment because:
- They offer higher returns than bonds (and money markets, CDs, etc.)
- Stocks “worst performance” is better than that of bonds
- Stocks provide a good hedge against inflation (but bonds do not)
Morningstar, 2014 Ibbotson SBBI Classic Yearbook (Chicago: Morningstar, 2014), 40.
Jeremy Siegel, Stocks for the Long Run, 5th edition (New York: McGraw Hill, 2014), 94-95.
About the Author
With a BS degree in geophysics, I took a job exploring for oil for a major energy company. I was able to save money, but knew absolutely NOTHING about how to invest it. Didn’t know what a stock was, how the price was set, how to buy a share, etc. So … I headed back to school part time—primarily to learn about stocks and bonds—and eventually earned an MBA in finance (which the oil company put to great use).
I’ve maintained a continued personal interest in investing, and read some outstanding books that have helped refine my investing strategy and goals over the last three decades. I’ve been with Leggett & Platt since 2000, where my professional responsibilities now include strategy, investor relations, financial communications, and analysis. But for 13 years I’ve also served as Chair of the Investment Committee that oversees our pension and 401k investments. Given that latter job role, employees sometimes ask me how they might start investing. These brief articles explain one approach that novice investors might take.
The opinions expressed by contributors are theirs alone, and do not reflect the opinions of Leggett & Platt (full disclaimer). | <urn:uuid:a08f4c54-09b4-49ed-9189-dbb00b9dcdc5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://lifeatleggett.com/2015/01/27/a-beginners-guide-to-investing-but-arent-stocks-risky/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.944129 | 989 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Pre-1700s | Kentucky Timeline
180 Million years ago, during the Mesozoic Era, “The Breaks” in an area now lying across Kentucky and Virginia, a vast inland sea receded, leaving in its wake a veritable cradle of botany. Meanwhile the river that is now Russell Fork got about the work of carving out an immense, spectacular gorge, renowned as the largest east of the Mississippi.
12,000 – 8,000 B.C., the first Native Americans to call Kentucky home, the Paleoindians, moved into Kentucky. The Clovis people were the very first Paleoindians. Clovis people settled first in Western Kentucky in areas that bordered major rivers. Over time, as population increased, bands moved eastward into new territories. Clovis people settled last in the Eastern Kentucky Mountains. By 8,000 years ago at the start of the Archaic Period, people were living all across Kentucky, their permanent home.
8,000 – 1,000 B.C., like their Paleoindian ancestors, Archaic peoples were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Archaic peoples hunted white-tailed deer, small animals, birds, and fish, rather than mastodons. Their diet also included hickory nuts, fruit, and seeds. Toward the end of the Archaic period, people began to experiment with growing their own plant foods. Archaic peoples camped in the open near streams and lived in rock shelters. Home territories were smaller than in Paleoindian times and sometimes overlapped. Long distance exchange began toward the end of the Archaic Period in some Kentucky regions. Groups traded ornaments made from marine shell, copper, or nonlocal stone.
500 B.C. – 200 A.D., the Adena people lived in small camps, often on terraces by streams or on ridge tops, and rock shelters. They moved within their home territories to best make use of seasonal wildlife and plants. They did not always return to their campsites year after year. Their homes would have been small, around 200 square feet, and most of their daily activities would have taken place outside.
1000, was the Woodland Period which included the Adena and Hopewell cultures , a people who built mounds for complex burial and ceremonial rituals. The Adena lived in a variety of locations, including: Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York. Although the first use of coal in Kentucky is unknown, Hopi People, living in what is now Arizona, are known to have used coal to bake pottery made from clay more than 1,000 years ago.
900 – 1750, a time of the Fort Ancient Society where humans began to be hunter-gatherer-farmers. They lived in villages of small scatters of houses. But by A.D. 1200, villages were larger with between 90 and 180 inhabitants. They arranged rectangular houses in a circle around a central plaza. Storage pits and outdoor working areas were located near each house. The plaza was the center of trading and ceremonial life. Villages became larger after A.D. 1400, and circular villages became uncommon. These larger villages housed 250-500 people.
1540, the earliest known contact with Europeans occurred when a party of Cherokee warriors successfully defended their northwestern border against the advances of Hernando DeSoto and his Spanish soldiers. They forced the Spanish to retreat from Kentucky to the north side of the Ohio River at present-day Fort Massac, Illinois.
The 1557 Portuguese narrative of DeSoto’s expedition claims the word Cherokee comes from the written as chalaque. It is derived from the Choctaw word, choluk, which means cave. Mohawk call the Cherokee oyata’ge’ronoñ, which means people who live in caves or in the cave country. In Catawba, the Cherokee are called mañterañ, which translates as the people who come out of the ground. Kentucky is a land of caves and home to the longest cave in the world. | <urn:uuid:e38b0b6d-ad0d-498b-bd7e-0cbaf4c844e2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://localtonians.com/timelines/pre-1700/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.975927 | 842 | 3.9375 | 4 |
July 15, 2020, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) published its 2020 report, an independent scientific review on the nutrition and health status of Americans, and there was a concerning finding: Most Americans don’t get enough choline, an essential nutrient that’s vitally important, but rarely discussed.
Marie Caudill, Ph.D., a registered dietitian who is internationally recognized for her research on choline and folate, says the most alarming find from the report is that the populations who would benefit the most from extra choline — pregnant and lactating women, infants and children — are falling especially short.
In pregnant women, choline deficiency is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects. In the general population, getting too little choline can lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and muscle damage.
What Does Choline Do?
Choline is often lumped in with the B vitamins, but it’s not technically a vitamin. It’s more of a vitamin-like nutrient.1 Choline helps support optimal health at all stages of life. It plays a role in healthy fetal development, helps maintain cognition and memory, boosts energy, improves fitness and keeps your liver healthy. Your brain and nervous system need adequate amounts of choline to help regulate muscle control, mood and memory.2 Choline is also involved in metabolism. Other roles of choline include:
Promoting healthy fetal development3 — Choline is required for proper neural tube closure,4 brain development and healthy vision.5 Research shows mothers who get sufficient choline impart lifelong memory enhancement to their child due to changes in the development of the hippocampus (memory center) of the child’s brain.6 Choline deficiency also raises your risk of premature birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia.
Helping reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease — According to a study in the journal ARYA Atherosclerosis, choline may help prevent cardiovascular disease by converting homocysteine to methionine.7 Homocysteine is an amino acid that may increase your risk for heart disease and stroke if it accumulates in the blood.8
Aiding the synthesis of phospholipids, the most common of which is phosphatidylcholine, better known as lecithin, which constitutes between 40% and 50% of your cellular membranes and 70% to 95% of the phospholipids in lipoproteins and bile.9
Boosting your nervous system health — Choline is necessary for making acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in healthy muscle, heart and memory performance.10
Strengthening cell messaging, by producing cell-messaging compounds.11
Facilitate fat transport and metabolism — Choline is needed to carry cholesterol from your liver, and a choline deficiency could result in excess fat and cholesterol buildup.12
Modulates DNA synthesis,13 aiding in the process along with other vitamins, such as folate and B12.
Improves cognitive performance — Researchers found a relationship between high dietary choline and better cognitive performance in a study involving men and women from the Framingham Offspring population.14 In a group of 1,391 men and women, performance factors were better in those who consumed more choline, adding to evidence your nutrition makes a difference in how your brain ages.
Helps manage certain mental disorders — Research shows that low choline intake is associated with increased anxiety levels.15 This nutrient has been used in treating rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, too. A study published in the journal Biological Psychiatry shows that choline supplementation helped reduce the manic and mood symptoms of people with bipolar disorder.16
Influences methylation reactions17
Aids in healthy mitochondrial function18
The Problems With Choline Deficiency
If you don’t get enough choline through your diet, it can result in a choline deficiency, which has widespread negative health effects. Because choline is involved in fat metabolism, low levels of the nutrient can result in an overaccumulation of deposits of fat in your liver.19 Eventually, this can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which currently affect 30% of the U.S. population.20 Choline deficiency can also lead to liver damage and muscle damage.21
Choline deficiency can be even more worrisome for pregnant women and lactating mothers. Choline is essential for proper brain development of a growing fetus. It also helps maintain proper homocysteine concentrations during pregnancy.22
According to a study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, there is an increased risk of neural tube birth defects in babies of women who consume less than 300 mg of choline per day when compared to pregnant women who get at least 500 mg daily.23
Because choline will be pulled from the mother’s blood to supply adequate amounts to the fetus, pregnant and lactating women have higher choline needs, yet only 5% get enough, according to one study.24 In addition to pregnant and lactating women, groups at especially high risk for choline deficiency include:
Endurance athletes — Endurance exercises, like marathons and triathlons, can deplete choline levels. Studies show that supplementing with choline before these types of stressful exercises can help keep the levels of choline in the blood from getting too low.25,26
People who drink a lot of alcohol — Excess alcohol consumption can increase your need for more choline while simultaneously increasing your risk of deficiency.27
Postmenopausal women — Postmenopausal women have lower estrogen concentrations, which can increase the risk of organ dysfunction in response to a low-choline diet.28
Vegetarians and vegans — Animal foods like beef liver, eggs and krill oil are the highest sources of dietary choline. Because vegetarians and vegans have dietary restrictions that eliminate some or all of these choline-rich foods, it can be more difficult to get an adequate amount of the nutrient through diet alone.29
How Much Choline Do You Need?
Your liver makes some choline, but the amount isn’t enough to keep you healthy and prevent the adverse effects of choline deficiency. That’s why you need to get adequate amounts through your diet.
The amount of choline you need depends on your age, sex and whether or not you’re pregnant or nursing. Here’s a general breakdown from the National Institutes of Health30:
0 to 6 months
7 to 12 months
1 to 3 years
4 to 8 years
9 to 13 years
14 to 18 years
19 years and older
Keep in mind, however, that some people have genetic polymorphisms that increase the need for choline and certain ethnic and racial groups are more likely to be affected.31 According to Chris Masterjohn, who has a Ph.D. in nutritional science, eating a diet that’s high in (otherwise healthy) saturated fats can also increase your need for choline.32
How to Get More Choline
Grass fed beef liver is the richest dietary source of choline, with 430 mg of choline per 100-gram cooked serving.33 But liver isn’t as much a staple on American plates as the second highest source of choline — eggs. One single egg, which weighs around 50 grams, contains 169 mg of choline.34
Here’s the catch, though: Most of that choline, or 139 mg, is found in the yolk.35 Egg yolks are also rich in lecithin, a fatty acid that’s a precursor for choline. That means if you’re still following the outdated and totally misguided advice to eat only the egg whites, you’re missing out on a lot of the egg’s nutrition.
Krill oil, which comes from krill, a crustacean mainly eaten by whales, penguins and other aquatic creatures, is also a rich source of choline. A 2011 study published in the journal Lipids found 69 choline-containing phospholipids in krill oil.36
Of those phospholipids, 60 were phosphatidylcholine substances, which protect against liver disease (including hepatitis and cirrhosis in alcoholics), reduce digestive tract inflammation and lessen symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome.37 Other dietary sources of choline include:38
Grass fed beef liver
Organic pasture raised chicken
According to the DGAC, most multi-vitamin supplements don’t contain sufficient amounts of choline. You can find supplements that contain only choline, but it’s always best to try to get what you need through a healthy diet. | <urn:uuid:479b0462-3f25-4346-abf8-84758433a349> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://losethempounds.com/you-are-likely-deficient-in-choline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.930336 | 1,821 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Smartphone addiction is a growing problem among European children, with fifty percent reporting experiences linked to overdependence, says a report by Net Children Go Mobile (PDF).
Increasingly, children across Europe say they feel compelled to always be available and do not like it when they cannot check their smartphone.
More than 3,500 kids aged 9-16 years and their parents across seven European nations were questioned for the report. (The nations were Denmark, Italy, Romania the UK, Ireland, Belgium and Portugal.)
Below are some of the findings regarding smartphone and internet use:
- 72% of children felt that since getting a smartphone they feel more pressure to be available at all times to family and friends.
- 50% felt a strong need to check their mobile phone to determine whether there was anything new ‘very or fairly often’.
- 8% said they had missed meals and gone without sleep because of the internet.
- 20% have caught themselves surfing when not really interested.
- 18% blamed the internet/smartphones for not spending enough time with family, friends or doing schoolwork.
- 16% tried unsuccessfully to spend less time online.
Forty-eight percent of respondents said they experienced at least two of the six factors listed above that are linked to excessive smartphone use.
There was little gender difference in smartphone usage. However, age appears to be a key factor. While 20% of 9 to 10 year-olds reported two or more of the six experiences linked to smartphone addiction, the figure was 61% for 15 to 16 year-olds.
Smartphones – the good news
The majority of children said they felt more connected to their friends and family thanks to their mobile phone.
Two-thirds of the respondents said their smartphones help them organize their daily lives, while more than half believe their devices make them feel safer and help them do homework.
Co-ordinator of Net Children Go Mobile Leslie Haddon, said:
“Although we tend to worry about children more because of the demands made on them at this stage of their life, some of these experiences could be found among many adults. A decade ago quite a few children were saying similar things about mobile phones in general, that they could not be without them, reflecting how embedded these technologies had become in their lives.”
“Smartphones seem to have taken this a stage further, both in terms of their usefulness and attractiveness, but also in terms of children’s dependence upon them.”
With more than one billion smartphones shipped globally in 2013, and sales set to continue growing, problems related to smartphone usage among children are forecast to increase.
More UK kids addicted to smartphones
Below is the percentage of children who experienced at least two forms of excessive internet and smartphone use ‘fairly or very often’, by country:
- Belgium: Smartphone 34% – Internet 16%
- Denmark: Smartphone 43% – Internet 25%
- Ireland: Smartphone 41% – Internet 23%
- Italy: Smartphone 50% – Internet 11%
- Portugal: Smartphone 57% – Internet 16%
- Romania: Smartphone 38% – Internet 24%
- UK: Smartphone 65% – Internet 29%
- Average all countries: Smartphone 48% – Internet 21%
Video – Net Children Go Mobile
This video explains the aims of Net Children Go Mobile, in which initially four countries – UK, Italy, Denmark and Romania – set out to determine whether mobile internet use, i.e. smartphones and tablets, poses any risk to children, and if so, what they are. | <urn:uuid:a4b53414-c857-4630-9d53-281ad45bd57b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://marketbusinessnews.com/smartphone-addiction-among-european-kids/23575/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.958692 | 745 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Over the past decade, there has been a significant rise in the use of robotics and automated systems in the workplace. As technology continues to advance, many industries are embracing these automated systems to streamline processes, boost productivity, and reduce costs. While these developments have brought numerous benefits, there is also growing concern surrounding the impact of robotics on jobs.
The use of robotics in industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare has revolutionized the way tasks are carried out. These machines are capable of handling repetitive and mundane tasks with precision and efficiency, allowing human workers to focus on more complex and cognitive tasks. For example, in manufacturing plants, robots can perform repetitive assembly line tasks without tiring or making errors, resulting in increased production rates and improved product quality.
Furthermore, automated systems have proven to be invaluable in ensuring workplace safety. They can take on dangerous or physically demanding tasks, reducing the risk of accidents and injuries for human workers. This not only improves the well-being of employees but also enhances overall productivity as fewer workdays are lost due to injuries.
The rise of robotics has also brought about significant cost savings for businesses. Once a robot is set up and programmed, it can work tirelessly without the need for breaks or sleep, leading to an increase in operational hours. Additionally, the precision and accuracy of robots greatly reduce material wastage, ultimately lowering production costs for businesses. In this way, companies can allocate resources more efficiently and remain competitive in an increasingly globalized marketplace.
However, the rapid integration of robotics in the workplace has sparked concerns about job displacement. Many fear that as automation continues to replace manual labor, there will be a substantial decrease in employment opportunities. Several studies predict that jobs requiring manual, repetitive tasks are at the highest risk of being automated. Sectors such as manufacturing, packaging, and transportation could experience significant job losses in the coming years.
Despite these concerns, experts argue that robotics will instead lead to a transformation of jobs rather than complete elimination. As machines take over mundane and repetitive tasks, human workers will have the opportunity to transition into more specialized roles that require creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. For instance, individuals can be trained to operate and maintain these robotic systems or take on supervisory positions to ensure the smooth functioning of these machines.
Additionally, the rise of robotics has also created a demand for new job opportunities related to the manufacturing, maintenance, and programming of these machines. As industries increasingly adopt automated systems, there is a need for skilled professionals who can design and develop robots tailored to specific tasks. This shift in job requirements calls for reskilling and upskilling programs to equip workers with the necessary skills to thrive in this changing landscape.
In conclusion, the increasing use of robotics and automated systems in the workplace presents both advantages and challenges. While these technologies undoubtedly improve productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness, they also raise concerns about job displacement. However, by recognizing the potential for job transformation and investing in the necessary training and education, the workplace can adapt and ensure a smooth transition into the era of robotics. With careful planning and consideration, humans and robots can work together to create a more efficient and productive future. | <urn:uuid:030ae69a-f6b2-4e25-92c0-f77f93f30fab> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mechanicalserviceintl.com/robotics-in-the-workplace-the-rise-of-automated-systems-and-their-impact-on-jobs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.945316 | 642 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Agricultural workers in the Kurdish-majority provinces of Turkey face obstacles in trying to reach water sources. This problem has been described as part of the government’s intentional “systematic policy” by some experts.
Eastern and southeastern Turkey (Bakur), areas that are mostly inhabited by Kurds, are known for their water-rich lands, but the new mega-dam projects are significantly damaging water sources in the region.
The Turkish state has built a total of more than 50 dams in the region, and these dams have made it much harder for locals to reach water sources over recent years.
Rainfall in the area has decreased by 80 percent, and the Kurds in Diyarbakır (Amed) not only suffer the climate crises, but also the controversial practices of the Dicle Electric Distribution Company (DEDAŞ), which operates the electricity distribution in the region.
DEDAŞ indebted the villagers, who had to drill in the ground to reach water for their farms, with extremely high bills that most cannot afford to pay.
They then introduced an embargo on the villagers, who were not able to pay the steep electricity bills, and expropriated their credit support.
“The government applies a special policy in order to end agriculture in Kurdistan,” said Abdussaned Ucaman, chair of the Chamber of Agricultural Engineers, Diyarbakır Branch.
“If crops such as wheat, barley and lentils are not cultivated in irrigated farming, there will unfortunately be a 70 percent decrease in yield and there is no compensation for this. The farmer-villagers had to leave their farms because they can no longer irrigate,” Ucaman said.
Ucaman argued that rather than building dam after dam in the region, it would be much more beneficial for the economy and the environment to work on irrigation ponds.
“Not only do dams cause major harm in the ecosystem, they also cause the flooding of a small area which in turn creates drought in a much greater area,” he said.
He went on: “Most of the farmers cannot benefit from the dams anyway. Considering the fact that one needs a significant energy source to carry the water from the channels of the dam to the farming areas, it is practically impossible to use the dam water for the irrigation of the farms.”
Ucaman speculated on the outcomes of these ongoing problems faced by Kurdish farmers. “As a result, many Kurdish farmers find no option but to migrate, so another dimension of this policy is the displacements of the locals,” he said. “This is not simply an agricultural policy, but part of a systematic programme to end agricultural production in Kurdistan,” he said. | <urn:uuid:e1f550cf-aa2f-4fde-9386-d61441eeba0b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mesopotamia.coop/a-systematic-programme-to-end-agricultural-production-in-kurdistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.968745 | 570 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What do Mississippi's Public Forestry Agencies do?
There are several agencies of the federal and Mississippi state government that have responsibilities in forestry. The common occurrence of newspaper and television reporters referring to people they interview as working for the "forestry service" is an indicator of the confusion among the public about the different roles of various agencies in forestry.
The purpose of this page is to explain the public agencies involved in forestry, so landowners and the general public will have a better understanding of the role each agency fills.
- The leading state forestry agency in our state is the Mississippi Forestry Commission. MFC has a forester located in most counties. Check the local phone book or the MFC web page for your county forester. The MFC has responsibilities for:
- wildfire protection and prevention
- technical forest management assistance to private landowners
- administering cost-share funds for reforestation and other forest management practices under the Forest Resource Development Program (FDRP)
- managing 16th section timberlands, state park forests, and other public forest lands
- assistance with other cost-share programs
- other programs
- The US Forest Service is a federal agency (Division of the US Department of Agriculture) that has responsibility for management of the National Forest lands in Mississippi. The mission of the forest service is to protect and manage the 1.1 million acres of National Forests in our state. Mississippi National Forests include the Holly Springs, Delta, Tombigbee, Bienville, Homochitto, and DeSoto.
The US Forest Service also has a research mission carried out by the Southern Research Station headquartered in Ashville, NC.
STARKVILLE, Miss. -- The Mississippi State University Extension Service invites private landowners to a workshop to learn about the benefits prescribed burns provide for wildlife habitat.
The prescribed burning workshop will be held at the Black Prairie Wildlife Management Area in Crawford, Mississippi, on Feb. 15 from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Many forest landowners wonder if best management practices really matter on their property, and the simple answer is yes. (Photo by MSU Extension Service/John Auel)
Streamside management zones have become critical tools forestry landowners and professionals use for protecting water quality during and after timber harvests. | <urn:uuid:2f567b5e-9a42-442f-aec6-ca673f2df960> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://msucares.com/node/28328 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.926767 | 464 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Table of Contentsshow
Brain tumour or intracranial tumour is an abnormal mass of brain tissue caused due to abnormal cell division. About 150,000 people are affected by metastatic brain tumour every year . Symptoms like headache, seizures, vision loss, disorientation, etc. are symptoms of brain tumour.
Brain tumours can affect children and adults. It is thought to arise due to genetic mutations. There are several tests to confirm if the cause of symptoms is due to a brain tumour. It is advisable to see a licensed doctor to get an expert opinion before seeing an oncologist. If diagnosed with a brain tumour, start the treatment as prescribed by the doctor.
Here’s a quick glance at the causes, symptoms and treatment of brain tumour:
|Symptoms||Prolonged headaches, problems in thinking, development of seizures, frequent dizziness, paralysis in the body, alteration in personality, hearing loss, Loss of memory, vision loss, increased confusion and disorientation|
|Complications||Neurocognitive sequelae, seizure disorders, ototoxicity, stroke, deficits in cognitive function, peripheral neuropathy, memory loss, loss of attention, severe headaches, visual and hearing impairment, reduction in speed of information processing|
|Causes||Exact causes of the occurrence of brain tumours are yet unknown.|
|Onset||It can occur at any age|
|Diagnosis||Neurological tests, biopsy, imaging test, lumbar puncture, neurocognitive assessment, electroencephalography (EEG), endocrinological evaluation|
|Prevention||Minimise smoking, avoid exposure to radiation|
|Medication||Doctors usually prescribe several medicines to manage the symptoms associated with this disease|
To understand the disease better, take a look at this detailed overview of brain tumour. Read on!
Some of the prominent symptoms of brain tumours are :
If you start experiencing more than one of these symptoms, visit a doctor at the earliest. But, what could cause the brain tumour? Let’s find out!
The exact causes behind the formation of brain tumours are not yet known. However, there are some risk factors associated with it that prominently increase the chances of occurrence of this disease. These are as follows :
Furthermore, brain tumours can be of different types. Here’s a list of different types of brain tumours that affect people.
There are several diagnostic tests that can reveal the type of tumour you are suffering from.
It would be best to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis as soon as possible once you notice the symptoms. This is beneficial as the chances of curing it prominently increase. Additionally, it gives the doctor enough time to decide upon the right course of treatment based on the test reports.
Doctors consider the following factors while selecting the most appropriate treatment for brain tumours :
You will have to undergo diagnostic tests to confirm the presence, type, size, and location of these tumours.
Additionally, before proceeding with the treatment you should have a clear idea regarding the prognosis.
There are different types of brain tumours that can develop in individuals. Hence, it becomes challenging to determine survival rates in patients. There are several factors on which the prognosis depends. These are as follows :
However, you should note that after the treatment you will need to visit your doctor for regular follow-ups. So, now that you are aware of the prognosis, you should explore the available treatment options.
It is usually used to treat cancer completely and prevent it from resurfacing. Also, at times, it is given in combination with other treatments before or after surgery. Sometimes it can also provide relief to certain other symptoms of brain tumours.
However, it is difficult to predict that it will work with similar efficiency in all cases. Furthermore, several side effects of chemotherapy restrict doctors from suggesting it unless it is the only option left.
Treatment options for brain tumours can be costly and painful. Hence, it would be better to take maximum precautions to avoid their occurrence.
You can take the following precautionary measures to prevent the development of brain tumours:
However, if the presence of a brain tumour is confirmed, you should ensure instant treatment to keep from its complications.
The complications that can take place due to delay in brain tumour treatment are as follows :
Additionally, arranging funds for the treatment can also consume immense time. Hence it is essential to have an estimate about it so that you can stay financially prepared.
The average cost of brain tumour surgery starts from Rs.2,50,000 in India. However, it can vary considerably with the city of treatment, complexity of surgery, and hospital that you are selecting for the entire procedure.
Furthermore, there are several other expenses that can add to the overall costs of tumour treatment. These include costs of diagnostic tests, medicine prices, hospitalisation charges, and doctor’s consultation fees.
Brain tumour is a life-threatening cancer of the brain that affects both children and adults. Early detection of brain tumours can prominently increase the chances of getting effective treatment and recovery. Hence, you should go for treatment as soon as you are diagnosed with a brain tumour.
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Some of the common types of cancers that spread to the brain giving rise to secondary brain tumours are as follows: Breast cancer Skin cancer (melanoma) Kidney cancer Colon cancer Lung cancer
Brain tumours mostly occur in the following regions of brain: Meningiomas in meninges Medulloblastoma tumours form from brain stem Pituitary tumours in pituitary gland Skull base tumours on the lower side of brain
Most of the time there are no such symptoms when the tumour is in its nascent stage. However, as it grows it starts to interfere with the brain's function, leading to the appearance of prominent symptoms
The following conditions notably increase the risk of brain tumours: Neurofibromatosis Cowden syndrome Lynch syndrome Familial adenomatous polyposis Tuberous sclerosis Von Hippel-Lindau disease Li-Fraumeni syndrome Basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome)
Some of the most prevalent types of brain tumours are as follows: Intracranial metastases Meningiomas Glioblastoma
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All information is subject to specific conditions | © 2022 Navi Technologies Ltd. All rights are reserved. | <urn:uuid:0305352d-42bc-46ae-8a38-a186a75986b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://navi.com/health-insurance/brain-tumour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.923708 | 1,981 | 3.5 | 4 |
OGI School of Science & Engineering nanotechnology research is one of a kind in Northwest
Oregon Health & Science University researchers have discovered a new way to accurately grow silicon nanowires on an electrode for use in fabricating transistors. A portion of these findings will be published in the Feb. 23 issue of Applied Physics Letter. The discovery has important implications for semiconductor research and may one day help engineers build faster computer chips.
A research group led by Raj Solanki, Ph.D., professor of electrical engineering in OHSU's OGI School of Science & Engineering, recently demonstrated it is possible to grow silicon nanowires exactly where you want them on an electrode using electrical fields. Solanki's team also can grow silicon-based nanowires in the exact direction necessary to fabricate electronic devices.
The researchers now are exploring electrical properties of the silicon nanowires. "Now that we know we can grow silicon nanowires in a precise location and in a specific direction, we want to know what happens to the nanowire when it contacts the metal on the electrode," said Solanki. "We also are studying how any kind of coating or contamination on the nanowire surface affects the passage of charges through it.
"These kinds of factors determine the performance of nanoelectronic devices, so we need to thoroughly understand and perfect this technological advancement before any devices with silicon and silicon-based nanowires can be mass produced," he said. "In addition, a better understanding of the effect of contamination on the nanowire can lead to development of very sensitive sensors for a wide range of applications, such as environmental pollution to bio-toxins."
Solanki's is the only lab in the Northwest studying silicon nanowires. His research is funded by Intel Corporation and supported by Sharp Laboratories and FEI Corporation.
Oregon has high hopes for nanotechnologies. In December 2003 President Bush signed into law the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act. Sponsored by Oregon Sen. Ron Wyden, the act authorizes $3.7 billion over four years for nanotech research and development, beginning in 2005.
During the past 40 years, computer technology has undergone a revolution, driven by the miniaturization of the silicon transistor. An increase in the number of transistors (the fundamental component of most active electronic circuits) per chip has led to an increase in computer power and a decrease in manufacturing and retail costs.
The trend of doubling the number of transistors on a chip about every 18 months (Moore's Law) was predicted by Intel's Gordon Moore in 1965 and has held fairly true. But as device dimensions rapidly approach the nanometer (one billionth of a meter) scale, the traditional electrical engineering methods and materials are being pushed to their physical limits, and most experts now believe Moore's law cannot continue beyond the 2010 to 2015 time frame.
"A completely new approach needs to be developed to go beyond the current limit," noted Solanki. "One possible solution is to develop electronic devices that incorporate silicon nanowires or carbon nanotubes as active components operating under physics laws of quantum mechanics."
Silicon nanowires are typically between 5 and 20 nanometers in diameter (about 1,000 times smaller than a human hair) and can be up to several micrometers (one micrometer equals one thousandth of a millimeter or one millionth of a meter) long. On photos taken via electron microscope, the silicon nanowires resemble skinny needles.
Unlike semiconductor silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes can be either semiconductor or metallic, and are difficult to dope -- the process of deliberately introducing impurities to change electrical behavior. For those reasons, the OGI team is focusing on silicon nanowires, which also would make it easier for the microelectronic industry to adopt this technology.
Research at other institutions involves growing nanowires or nanotubes in a chamber separate from the silicon integrated circuits, then forming a liquid suspension and flowing it over silicon wafers that have prefabricated electrodes. Some of the nanowires or nanotubes grown in this way will settle between desired electrodes, which are then fabricated into devices such as transistors. This method uses only a small fraction of the nanowires or nanotubes and is time-consuming and expensive for mass production, noted Solanki.
"Growing silicon nanowires in a specific location in whatever direction you desire, which we have done, is much more practical for gigascale integration -- putting a billion transistors on a chip -- in the long term," said Solanki.
Solanki grows his silicon nanowires in a quartz reactor using a technique developed decades ago by Bell Labs called vapor-liquid-solid deposition. "The addition of the electrical fields is what's new," said Solanki. "We have also grown nickel silicide conducting nanowires, which will be useful for contacting the silicon semiconductor nanowires."
Solanki has been on the OGI faculty since 1986. His current work on nanowires is an extension of OGI's research on atomic layer deposition. OGI was one of the first universities to investigate atomic layer deposition for growing extremely high-quality thin films, one atomic layer at a time. Such a technique is ideal for the growth of nanoscale films.
Besides growing ultra-thin films for fabricating nanowire devices, Solanki and his team at OGI (John Freeouf, Ph.D, and John Carruthers, Ph.D.) recently have demonstrated that atomic layer deposition can be used to grow semiconductor heterostructure nanowires consisting of very thin alternating layers of two materials, which has potential for optoelectronics applications.
Atomic layer deposition recently has been recognized by the microelectronic industry as the technology that will be required for fabrication of nanoscale electronic devices. The OGI research team also collaborates with Portland State University scientists Shankar Rananavare, Ph.D., Jun Jiao, Ph.D., and Rolf Konenkamp, Ph.D.
OGI and OHSU expect to play a major role in bringing the capabilities of nanostructured devices into the electronics and biomedical industries through a commitment to applied research and educational programs. For more information about Raj Solanki, click here or visit OGI School of Science & Engineering.
The OGI School of Science & Engineering (formerly the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology) became one of four schools of Oregon Health & Science University in 2001. | <urn:uuid:3acfabab-dd45-4fa8-b008-d18bfdc87545> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://news.ohsu.edu/2004/02/23/ohsu-researchers-discover-way-to-grow-silicon-nanowires-in-precise-location-and-direction | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.929001 | 1,356 | 3.109375 | 3 |
1. Introduction/background information about the species – Include common and scientific names of the organism, the area you and this species live (country, state, city, etc.), the area’s biome classification, etc.
2. Life cycle of the species- Describe the life cycle of the organism you have chosen. The life cycle of an organism refers to the series of changes in both development and growth from its beginnings as an independent life form up until maturity, when it is able to reproduce. Organisms like bacteria have relatively simple life cycles; however other organisms (e.g., plants) have very complex stages to their life cycle.
3. Structure and Function- Describe the structure and function of at least one major organ system of the species (e.g., digestive system, reproductive system). Choose one system and explain how this organism’s system is structured anatomically and physiologically. Identify any species-specific characteristics or adaptations that are particularly unique to this organism and explain why.
4. Evolution of the organism – Evolution is simply heritable change over time. Sometimes changes from one generation to the next can give individuals an advantage. Specifically a trait that increases reproductive success or survival ability could be advantageous. Include a section in your profile paper about your organism’s evolution. Here are possible ways to research the topic:
a. Conduct a review of scientific literature to understand what is known about your organism’s past evolution. Search key words may include evolution, fossil, ancestor. Often technical reports from wildlife and conservation agencies have descriptions of an organism’s evolution.
b. Summarize research on any adaptive traits. Search key words include adaptation, evolution, trait, and character.
c. Find an article on the family tree or phylogeny of your organism. Summarize the information describing related species. Search key words might include phylogeny, phylogenetic, and genetic analysis.
d. Use the Tree of Life Project to describe the phylogeny of your organism. Start at species, if possible, and trace back to the root. In aIDition to your summary, include any interesting patterns or unknown data.
5. AIDitional interests – The diversity of biological organisms is vast. Therefore, if your organism has a particularly interesting aspect about its biology that is not covered in the life cycle, structure and function, and evolution aID a section to your paper on that aspect. For example, if your species has an interesting parental care strategy or mating system (i.e., protrandry/protogyny, polygymy, promiscuity, monogamy) you can include that in your paper. | <urn:uuid:7a3c7258-b4b0-4909-bc70-b9aff898dbe8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://nursingdons.com/solution-find-an-article-on-the-family-tree-or-phylogeny-of-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.898165 | 543 | 3.734375 | 4 |
To earn an IB diploma, a student must take one course from each of the six groups with at least three higher level courses and no more than four. Each course earns them a point out of 7 for a maximum of 42 points. They can also recieve up to 3 additional points for their extended essays. A student must earn at least 24 points to get their diploma. They may also take a certificate program which specifies that they took certain IB courses.
Examinations form the basis of the assessment for most courses because of their high levels of objectivity and reliability. These are held in May of the Grade 12 year. They include:
- structured problems
- short-response questions
- data-response questions
- text-response questions
- case-study questions
- multiple-choice questions (limited use of these).
There are also a small number of other externally assessed pieces of work, for example, theory of knowledge essays, extended essays and world literature assignments. These are completed by students over an extended period under teacher supervision instead of examination conditions, and are then marked by external examiners.
Teacher assessment is also used for most courses. This includes:
- oral work in languages
- fieldwork in geography
- laboratory work in the sciences
- investigations in mathematics
- artistic performances.
Assessments are checked by external examiners and normally contribute between 20 and 30 per cent of the total mark.
Some of the arts courses, for example, music, theatre arts and visual arts, have assessment of a major practical component, which can account for as much as 50 per cent of the total mark. | <urn:uuid:9071ad29-81d1-4de1-a771-429a4bdb9ada> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://nwss.ca/departments-programs/programs/international-baccalaureate/assessments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.958195 | 333 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Seismic profiling is a fundamental technique in Earth Sciences that allows researchers to gain valuable insights into the structure and composition of the Earth’s subsurface. This method involves the use of seismic waves, generated either naturally or artificially, which travel through different layers of rock and sediment and are subsequently recorded by seismographs. By analyzing the data collected from these recordings, scientists can infer various geological properties such as lithology, stratigraphy, faulting, and even hydrocarbon reservoirs.
To illustrate the significance of seismic profiling in Earth Sciences, let us consider a hypothetical scenario: Imagine a team of geologists tasked with investigating an area prone to earthquakes. They deploy multiple seismographs across this region and record several seismic events over a period of time. Upon analysis of the seismic data, they discover distinct patterns suggesting the presence of an active fault line beneath the surface. These findings not only shed light on potential earthquake hazards but also offer crucial information for urban planning and infrastructure development. This example underscores how seismic profiling plays a pivotal role in understanding our planet’s dynamic nature and aids in making informed decisions regarding resource exploration and hazard mitigation strategies.
In this article, we delve deeper into the concept of seismic profiling within the realm of Earth Sciences. We explore its underlying principles, as well as the different techniques and instruments used in seismic data acquisition. We discuss how seismic waves behave as they propagate through the Earth, including their reflection, refraction, and diffraction characteristics. Additionally, we examine the various types of seismic surveys conducted for different purposes, such as 2D and 3D seismic profiling for oil and gas exploration, engineering seismology for infrastructure assessment, and earthquake seismology for studying tectonic processes.
Furthermore, we explore the data processing techniques employed in seismic profiling, including noise removal, velocity analysis, imaging algorithms, and inversion methods. We highlight the importance of accurately interpreting seismic data to generate subsurface models that can aid in geological mapping and reservoir characterization.
The article also touches upon the limitations and challenges associated with seismic profiling. These include issues related to signal attenuation, resolution constraints, environmental factors affecting data quality, and computational complexities involved in processing large volumes of data.
Finally, we discuss emerging trends in seismic profiling technologies such as multi-component seismology, ocean bottom seismometers (OBS), and passive seismic monitoring using ambient noise. We emphasize how these advancements are pushing the boundaries of our understanding of Earth’s subsurface structures and processes.
In conclusion, seismic profiling is an indispensable tool in Earth Sciences that allows scientists to unravel the mysteries hidden beneath our planet’s surface. Its applications range from resource exploration to hazard assessment and provide critical insights into Earth’s geology. By understanding the principles behind this technique and staying abreast of technological advancements in seismic data acquisition and interpretation, researchers can continue to expand our knowledge about Earth’s dynamic nature.
What is Seismic Profiling?
Seismic profiling is a widely used method in Earth Sciences to study the structure and composition of the Earth’s subsurface. It involves generating and recording seismic waves, which are vibrations that propagate through the ground or water. These waves can provide valuable information about the geological layers present beneath the surface.
To better understand how seismic profiling works, let’s consider an example: imagine a team of geologists investigating a sedimentary basin located deep underground. They use seismic equipment to generate controlled explosions at specific locations on the surface. The resulting shockwaves penetrate into the ground and bounce back when they encounter different types of rocks or other geological features. By analyzing these reflected waves, scientists can create detailed images of the subsurface structures.
Seismic profiling offers numerous benefits in Earth Sciences:
- High-resolution imaging: It allows researchers to obtain high-quality images of subsurface layers with excellent resolution.
- Understanding geological history: By studying seismic profiles, scientists can unravel the complex history of geological formations over millions of years.
- Resource exploration: Seismic data helps identify potential areas for oil, gas, groundwater, minerals, and other natural resources.
- Assessing earthquake hazards: Through seismic profiling, experts gain insights into fault lines and other factors contributing to earthquakes, aiding in hazard assessment efforts.
|High-resolution||Provides detailed images with exceptional clarity|
|Understanding||Helps uncover intricate geological histories|
|Resource exploration||Identifies potential areas rich in natural resources|
|Assessing hazards||Aids in assessing earthquake risks by identifying relevant fault structures|
In light of its wide range of applications and advantages, seismic profiling plays a crucial role in various fields within Earth Sciences. In the subsequent section, we will delve deeper into why this technique holds such importance.
Why is Seismic Profiling Important in Earth Sciences?
Seismic Profiling in Earth Sciences: Geological Assistance
Section H2: Why is Seismic Profiling Important in Earth Sciences?
Having established a basic understanding of seismic profiling, it is essential to recognize the significance of this method in the field of Earth sciences. By utilizing advanced technology, seismic profiling allows scientists to gain valuable insights into the structure and composition of the Earth’s subsurface. This information plays a crucial role in various geological studies and has far-reaching implications for industries such as oil exploration and geothermal energy.
Seismic profiling aids in determining subterranean structures, which can be instrumental when assessing potential risks associated with natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. For instance, consider a hypothetical scenario where an area experiences frequent small-scale earthquakes; by conducting detailed seismic profiles, researchers can identify fault lines or other tectonic features responsible for these tremors. Such knowledge empowers local communities and decision-makers to implement appropriate measures for disaster mitigation and prevention.
Moreover, seismic profiling assists in mapping sedimentary layers beneath the Earth’s surface. These layers play a vital role in providing insight into past environmental conditions and evolution over time. By examining variations within sedimentary records using seismic data, scientists can reconstruct paleoclimate patterns accurately. This helps us understand our planet’s history better and anticipate future changes due to climate change.
The importance of seismic profiling extends beyond scientific research alone—it significantly impacts industries related to resource extraction. In oil exploration, for example, accurate imaging of subsurface structures enables companies to locate potential reservoirs more effectively. This facilitates efficient drilling operations while reducing costs and minimizing environmental impact through targeted extraction methods.
To evoke an emotional response:
- Enhanced understanding of earthquake-prone regions
- Preservation of lives through effective disaster management strategies
- Improved knowledge about climatic shifts throughout history
- Optimized resource extraction techniques leading to sustainable practices
Furthermore, we can evoke an emotional response by incorporating a table that highlights the advantages of seismic profiling:
|Advantages of Seismic Profiling|
|Accurate mapping of subsurface structures|
In conclusion, seismic profiling plays a vital role in Earth sciences by providing valuable information about subsurface structures and sedimentary layers. This knowledge contributes to our understanding of geological phenomena, aids in disaster management strategies, advances paleoclimate research, and facilitates sustainable resource extraction practices. In the subsequent section, we will delve into the process of seismic profiling and explore its various steps.
With an understanding of why seismic profiling is crucial in Earth sciences, let us now examine the detailed process involved in this method.
The Process of Seismic Profiling
Seismic profiling plays a crucial role in Earth sciences, providing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and composition of the Earth. By utilizing seismic waves generated by controlled energy sources, such as explosives or specialized equipment, scientists can gather detailed information about the geological features beneath the surface. This section will explore the process of seismic profiling and its various components.
One example that showcases the importance of seismic profiling is its application in oil exploration. Seismic data helps geologists identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs deep within the Earth’s crust. For instance, in a hypothetical case study conducted off the coast of Brazil, seismic profiles revealed promising structures indicative of an oil-rich region. This discovery led to drilling operations that ultimately resulted in significant oil reserves being tapped.
The process of seismic profiling involves several key steps:
- Source Generation: A controlled source of energy, such as explosives or vibrating plates, is used to generate seismic waves at predetermined locations on the surface.
- Wave Propagation: These waves propagate through different layers of rocks underground. As they encounter boundaries between different materials with varying densities and elastic properties, some waves get reflected back towards the surface while others continue deeper into the Earth.
- Data Acquisition: Sensitive receivers called geophones are placed strategically across the survey area to record both direct and reflected waves from multiple angles.
- Data Interpretation: The recorded data is then processed using advanced algorithms and software to create detailed cross-sectional images known as seismic profiles. These profiles provide vital information about rock types, thicknesses, fault lines, and other geological features.
- Enables accurate mapping of subsurface structures
- Facilitates identification of potential natural resources like oil and gas deposits
- Assists in assessing earthquake hazards by studying fault lines
- Helps understand geological processes like plate tectonics
Additionally, let us present a table illustrating the key components of seismic profiling:
|Energy Source||Generates seismic waves that penetrate the subsurface|
|Receivers||Capture and record the reflected waves for further analysis|
|Data Processing||Utilizes algorithms to transform raw data into interpretable seismic profiles|
|Interpretation||Analyzes profiles to identify geological features and make scientific inferences|
With an understanding of the process and significance of seismic profiling, we can now delve into its wide-ranging applications in geology. By exploring these practical uses, we gain a deeper appreciation for how this technique contributes to our understanding of Earth’s dynamics and resources.
[Transition Sentence] Moving forward, let us explore various applications of seismic profiling in geology.
Applications of Seismic Profiling in Geology
After understanding the process of seismic profiling, it is crucial to explore its various applications within the field of geology. One notable example where seismic profiling has played a vital role is in the identification and characterization of subsurface geological structures such as fault zones and sedimentary basins. By using seismic waves, geologists can analyze the reflection patterns received from these structures, allowing for a better understanding of their composition, geometry, and potential implications.
The applications of seismic profiling extend beyond just identifying geological structures. It also provides valuable information regarding resource exploration and extraction. For instance, in oil and gas exploration, seismic profiles are used to map underground reservoirs by detecting potential hydrocarbon accumulations beneath the Earth’s surface. This data helps companies make informed decisions about drilling locations and optimize their production strategies.
Moreover, seismic profiling finds use in assessing natural hazards like earthquakes or landslides. By examining how seismic waves propagate through different types of rocks or soils, geologists can assess ground stability and identify areas prone to unstable conditions. This knowledge aids in urban planning and infrastructure development by mitigating risks associated with such hazards.
The significance of seismic profiling across various geological disciplines can be further emphasized through the following bullet points:
- Improved Imaging: Seismic profiling allows for high-resolution imaging below the Earth’s surface, providing detailed insights into subsurface features that may not be visible otherwise.
- Cost-effective Exploration: Compared to traditional exploratory methods like drilling test wells or conducting physical surveys over large areas, seismic profiling offers a cost-effective alternative by obtaining comprehensive subsurface information remotely.
- Environmental Impact Assessment: Seismic profiles aid in evaluating potential environmental impacts during construction projects or other activities involving excavation processes.
- Geohazard Mapping: By analyzing seismic data along with other geophysical measurements, accurate mapping of geohazards becomes possible while ensuring effective disaster management plans.
To further demonstrate the diverse applications of seismic profiling, consider the following table:
|Geological Mapping||Identifying subsurface structures like faults, folds, and sedimentary basins|
|Resource Exploration||Mapping potential hydrocarbon reservoirs|
|Geotechnical Investigations||Assessing ground stability for construction projects or identifying landslide-prone areas|
|Archaeological Studies||Locating buried artifacts or man-made structures beneath the Earth’s surface|
As we delve into the advantages and limitations of seismic profiling in the subsequent section, it becomes evident that this technique has revolutionized various aspects within geology, contributing to a better understanding of our planet’s dynamic nature.
Now let us explore the Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Profiling.
Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Profiling
Seismic profiling, a widely used technique in Earth sciences, has proven to be invaluable for investigating the subsurface structure and composition of geological formations. By analyzing the reflection and refraction patterns of seismic waves, geologists can gain crucial insights into various geological processes. One notable application is its use in assessing hydrocarbon reservoirs. For example, in a case study involving an offshore oil exploration project off the coast of Brazil, seismic profiling was instrumental in identifying potential drilling locations by mapping out the subsea structures and sedimentary layers.
The applications of seismic profiling in geology are numerous and diverse. Here are some key areas where this technique plays a significant role:
Structural Mapping: Seismic profiling allows geologists to create detailed images of subsurface structures such as faults, folds, and fractures. These structural maps provide essential information for understanding tectonic activity, basin formation, and earthquake hazards.
Stratigraphic Analysis: By examining the reflections from different rock layers beneath the surface, seismic profiling aids in unraveling the stratigraphy and depositional history of an area. This knowledge is vital for reconstructing past environments and interpreting geological events.
Mineral Exploration: Seismic surveys help identify potential mineral deposits based on variations in rock properties like density or elastic properties. This enables efficient targeting during exploration activities and reduces costs by focusing efforts on areas with higher chances of success.
Engineering Applications: In civil engineering projects such as dam construction or tunnel excavation, seismic profiling assists in determining subsurface conditions that may affect structural stability. It helps engineers assess soil types, detect underground voids or weak zones that could pose challenges during construction.
Table 1 provides a summary comparison between seismic profiling techniques commonly employed in geology:
|Reflection Seismology||– Provides high-resolution images||– Limited penetration in highly absorptive rocks|
|– Suitable for mapping subsurface|
|Refraction Seismology||– Accurate estimation of subsurface||– Requires controlled seismic sources|
|velocities||– Restricted to near-surface applications|
|– Cost-effective for shallow|
Despite its numerous advantages, seismic profiling also faces certain limitations. For instance, the technique’s effectiveness can be reduced when dealing with highly absorptive rock formations or areas where controlled seismic sources cannot be used. Additionally, deeper exploration may require more specialized equipment and increased costs.
As we delve into future developments in seismic profiling technology, it becomes evident that further advancements hold great promise for overcoming these limitations and expanding the scope of applications within geology and beyond. By leveraging technological innovations, researchers continue to enhance data acquisition techniques, improve imaging resolution, and push the boundaries of our understanding of Earth’s subsurface.
Future Developments in Seismic Profiling Technology
Seismic profiling is a valuable technique employed in the field of Earth sciences to study subsurface structures, particularly in relation to petroleum exploration and earthquake analysis. As discussed earlier, seismic profiling offers several advantages that make it an indispensable tool for assessing geological formations. However, like any scientific method, there are limitations associated with this technique.
One real-world example showcasing the benefits of seismic profiling can be seen in the discovery of the Ekofisk oil field located in the North Sea. In the early 1960s, seismic profiles were conducted over the area, revealing promising subsea features. Based on these findings, drilling operations commenced, ultimately leading to the successful extraction of substantial oil reserves. This case study exemplifies how seismic profiling aids in identifying potential hydrocarbon reservoirs by mapping subsurface structures accurately.
Despite its numerous advantages, seismic profiling does have some limitations that researchers need to consider during their analyses. These limitations include:
- Resolution: The resolution of seismic data depends on various factors such as frequency bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. High-frequency signals provide better resolution but may not penetrate deep enough into the Earth’s crust.
- Interpretation Challenges: Interpreting seismic data requires expertise and experience due to its complexity and reliance on subjective judgment.
- Costly Equipment: Acquiring advanced equipment capable of generating high-quality seismic profiles can be expensive.
- Environmental Impact: Conducting large-scale surveys using airguns or explosives can potentially harm marine life and disrupt ecosystems.
To further understand these advantages and limitations, refer to Table 1 below:
|Accurate imaging||Limited depth penetration|
|Identification of subsurface||Subjective interpretation|
In conclusion, seismic profiling has revolutionized our understanding of subsurface geology, enabling us to make significant breakthroughs in various scientific disciplines. However, it is essential to acknowledge the limitations associated with this technique and actively work towards addressing them through continuous research and technological advancements. By effectively utilizing seismic profiling while considering its advantages and limitations, scientists can uncover valuable insights hidden beneath the Earth’s surface.
- Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2015). Advances in Seismic Profiling Techniques for Subsurface Imaging: An Overview of Emerging Technologies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(9), 6249–6266.
- Thompson, R., et al. (2007). Environmental Impacts of Marine Seismic Surveys: Acoustic and Physical Effects of Airgun Pulses on Zooplankton and Larval Fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 395, 187–202.
Table 1: Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Profiling | <urn:uuid:7f015608-64c9-4780-b0a8-46976bcb4647> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://onasa.net/seismic-profiling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.87882 | 3,751 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Why do Students Still Bother Coming to Lectures, When Everything is Available Online?
AbstractWeb-based lecture technologies (WBLTs), which deliver recorded lectures and notes online, are increasingly common. However, there is concern that they may reduce lecture attendance. Since we did not observe a significant drop in attendance following the introduction of WBLTs in the School of Molecular Bioscience at the University of Sydney, we surveyed 563 students to discover why they attended lectures despite the availability of copious online materials. 82 % of responding students reported they always or mostly attend lectures and 74% expressed a negative emotion when asked how they would feel if lectures were abolished. Free-form comments indicated that students attend lectures for reasons either positive about lectures or negative about WBLTs. Students feel that lectures provide a disciplined learning environment where they can concentrate in a scholarly community. Lectures intrinsically contribute to the ‘university experience’ and the social aspect is also important. Some students are motivated to attend through habit, guilt or by financial concerns. Negative comments highlighted perceptions that WBLTs do not fully capture lecture content, can be inefficient and unreliable, and predispose students to procrastination. The majority of students use WBLTs in addition to attending lectures and perceive distinct roles for each mode. Most students who did not attend lectures claimed they were unable to for logistical reasons, although some cited inconvenience, overcrowding or peer-distraction. Students also make strategic decisions to prioritise competing commitments. Only a minority of students prefer WBLTs to attendance. These students prefer the ability to work at a time, place and pace of their choosing. This study supports the contention that WBLTs alone do not reduce lecture attendance, and highlights features of lectures which can be improved to increase attendance and student engagement. | <urn:uuid:d1e1545e-0dfb-44ee-9f4e-e59a1121e4e8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/CAL/article/view/4887 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.945747 | 363 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The first Application Programming Interface (API) is said to be backed in the 60s, even before the personal computers, in the non-web form of libraries in operating systems. They provided information exchange between programs.
Cut short to this day, modern web-APIs offer full integration with DevOps, front-end and back-end development. They are divided into two parts of the meaning: web API or an API built using REST.
But what is an API? And how have they managed to travel this far in technology? What’s their evolution story?
Here’s a short, modern history of the web APIs that can unfold the evolution for you.
What is an API?
When you make a request to connect with any application on your devices, the process of interacting with the Internet, sending data to a server and retrieving readable information to the user is performed by the API.
It creates a connection that performs the necessary procedures for the actions to take place between the user and the devices.
For instance, when we try to book a flight at any of the third-party platforms like Expedia, the request is made to interact with the airlines’ APIs and fetch the necessary information to be reflected back to you. It is not directly interact with the site, rather it interprets that data and presents you with the necessary information. Over the years, modern API has evolved with extraordinarily valuable and useful characteristics that make it standardized, secure and monitored. They have their own development cycle that is well documented for versioning.
History of APIs
As IBM notes, the API timeline was born in the year 2000 with Roy Fielding and his published dissertation: Architectural Styles and Design of Network-based Software Architectures. While the concept was already known for over thirty years, Mr. Fielding made it official by getting it published.
Soon, with e-commerce becoming the first commercial beneficiary of this technology, eBay and Amazon made their mark by developing their own APIs. Amazon API granted its developers the ability to incorporate content and features from other sites. Inversely, other sites could also search and display inquiries from Amazon in XML format. However, the history of API was only taking small steps until 2005.
Over the years, APIs have evolved on the hinges of advances in technology from security to speed. Moreover, they are coming up with better business-enabling capabilities.
When APIs Surfaced to Rise
Evolving with time, APIs have become flexible and scalable. Among the early providers of API like Amazon and Twitter, Salesforce is said to produce the first web-based API. However, they still didn’t create a lot of noise. It was only around 2008, the dramatic rise of API came to the forefront of technology.
What made them surface above the level was the advent of cloud computing. Unlike the structured and rigid non-web APIs, they matured to a point where they can now provide a scalable capacity to handle transaction loads and traffic spikes.
Today, service-oriented architecture (SOA) are taking APIs to a new height. They are exposing a way for APIs where operations like request access, authorization, monitoring, analytics, and entitlement can take place.
Future with APIs
Now that we know APIs are here to stay, what does the future hold for them?
Increase in Business Agility
Agility is already a plus point for APIs as companies have been leveraging them to attain business goals. The future holds an extension of this agility as businesses will simply the IT architecture to avoid dependencies and migrate to APIs.
Expanding with Microservices Architecture
Microservices and their modular services will make a trend in API in the next two years by allowing developers the freedom to use API integration for API-relation innovation. With the ability to make applications deployable and secure, the microservices architecture will exploit their functionalities for good.
Integrating Private and Partner APIs
In order to maximize productivity and increase the value of current operations of applications, private APIs hold the potential to decrease the development time and resources required for the internal IT systems’ integration by building new ones.
On the other hand, partner APIs have the bandwidth to grant developers with access to the company. Along with business managers and designers, a new application can be built for the convenience of achieving goals.
IT Management Tools and Methods
APIs facilitate communication between management tools like DevOps and ChatOps. Here, the open APIs come to rescue with their agility to speed up and ease the setups by making the interactions minimum or zero with the owners of the API endpoints. This paves the way for smooth management, maintenance, and implementations for IT teams. They can optimize costs and performance for the organization and meet their needs with excellence.
Today, organizations are adopting tools and programs to analyze data and spending extra time and money on it. Here, the APIs can be leveraged to fetch the source of data and eliminating the need for human interference. Automating this process leads to gaining large quantities of data from multiple sources and categorizing them in a consumable manner.
APIs have come a long way only because they kept up and expanded with the changes that marked their growth.
Currently, API teams require tools that can seamlessly implement and enhance the workflow without friction. In 2019, the teams look towards solving the challenge of standardization with collaborations and streamlining the API integration.
Share your thoughts on the topic on our social networks: Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. | <urn:uuid:79a6fe64-29db-47bb-80c7-029a358fe96a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://opensenselabs.com/blog/articles/unfolding-trajectory-apis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.950126 | 1,116 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Marshmallow: A Surprising Ingredient for Detox, the Gut, Respiratory Health & More
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When you hear the word “marshmallow” you likely think of the sweet, fluffy concoction popular around campfires and used as a filling for candied yam casseroles at Thanksgiving. But in this article, we’re focusing on the benefits of the marshmallow plant (aka Althea officinalis or Althaea plant). This mucilage-producing perennial has provided powerful relief for digestive distress, respiratory infections, chronic inflammation, and more for hundreds (if not thousands) of years.
Marshmallow Plant vs. Marshmallows (the sugary treat): What’s the Difference?
Indeed, there was once a connection between the marshmallow plant and the confectionery. In antiquity, the squishy, sugary marshmallow was made from marshmallow plant root and honey. It was a treat that was consumed sparingly, and supposedly only by the upper class in Europe. It was also used as an effective throat soother, akin to our modern-day “cough drops.”
Nowadays, the gooey, puff-pillow variety of marshmallows we get at the grocery store is mostly developed in a lab with high fructose corn syrup and other ingredients that are too long to pronounce. In contrast, the marshmallow plant was created by Mother Nature and possesses a wide variety of medicinal qualities.
The Althaea plant was first possibly cultivated by the ancient Egyptians and came into its own in Greece. Its popularity as a food source and medicinal eventually expanded to include Rome, where marshmallow leaves were enjoyed as a delicacy. Eventually, marshmallow was eaten and used medicinally across all of Europe.
Where Marshmallow Plant Grows
Marshmallow plants tend to prefer wet, marshy environments. However, like all mallow plants, they’re a relatively hardy variety that’s flexible in terms of where it can take root. All mallows are related to the hibiscus flower as well as cotton and okra.
It’s not uncommon to see marshmallow plants and other mallows growing along fence lines, in abandoned fields, in sidewalk cracks, and even popping up as a weed in your neighbors’ (or maybe even your own) lawn.
Althaea Officinalis Medicinal Uses: A Quick Overview
Before we zero in on some exciting and specific conditions and situations that marshmallow can help with, here’s a brief overview of multiple medicinal uses that Althea officinalis is known for:
- as a mild laxative for constipation
- for stomach aches
- to help relieve heartburn
- to soothe the intestines
- to help clear up more serious gut-related issues, such as gastroenteritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, colitis, and enteritis
- for respiratory infection, such as bronchitis
- soothing a sore throat
- clearing up congestion
- to help with “smoker’s cough”
- soothing irritated, rashy skin
- to help clean and heal cuts and other wounds
- healing abscesses and boils
- as an all-around antimicrobial
- for general immune strengthening
Looking at this list, it’s easy to see why the ancient Greeks and Romans considered the Althaea plant an all-around healing tonic!
Marshmallow Leaves Are Excellent in Salads
Experiment with the raw leaves and trade your ordinary salad greens like romaine or arugula for marshmallow leaves if you ever get the chance. You’ll be surprised by their refreshing, slightly sweet, nutty flavor.
Marshmallow Helps Your Body Detoxify in More Ways Than One
Marshmallow’s healing and detoxifying power for the gut, the respiratory tract, and other areas of the body, in large part, has to do with particular substances within both the root and leaf, which have a soothing effect on the body’s inner pathways.
Marshmallow Contains Mucilage
The roots of the marshmallow plant especially contain mucilage, which is a naturally gummy substance that doesn’t dissolve in water. When mucilage is released in the body, wherever it lands it will do its job of soothing, healing, and ultimately relaxing the tissues – whether that’s the inner tissues of the colon and stomach or the throat, esophagus, and lungs.
Althea and Inflammation
Inflammatory reactions are, in reality, part of the way in which the body rids itself of toxins. When tissues stay irritated and inflamed for longer than is healthy to do the job, however, is when chronic inflammation occurs.
This state can have the opposite effect than what the body was originally intending and can actually produce an environment that invites more infection, pathogens, and, ultimately, disease .
The mucilage effect of the Althaea plant helps to lower inflammation in specific tissues. In addition, the antioxidants in the plant leaves themselves help to lower inflammation systemwide.
The end result is that the body can relax and begin to flush out toxins naturally. This occurs wherever toxins need to be released, whether this is in the form of:
- harmful bacteria and other waste along the intestinal tract
- phlegm from inside the respiratory tract
- dead cells and other debris in the blood
Althea Officinalis Helps Suppress Coughs & Fight Deadly Bacteria
According to a 2007 study conducted at Comenius University in Slovakia in Eastern Europe, extracted polysaccharides from the Althaea officinalis leaf proved to be a stronger “antitussive” (cough suppressing) agent than most common drugs routinely given for cough or obtained over the counter .
Furthermore, a 2017 report in the Journal of Natural Products found that extracts of marshmallow contained substances that inhibited the enzymatic growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli). The researchers from the 2017 study deduced that this element alone was a significant reason why marshmallow extract may have such a profound effect against respiratory conditions such as bronchitis.
Certain Plants Help the Body Detoxify Through the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis
Another way that certain plants and herbs can help with detoxifying and healing the body is through what they can do for the gut. The connection isn’t always clear, but recent research has clearly spelled out the direct link between a healthy balance of microbiota within the gut and the overall health of the liver, in particular. One way that new research is making this connection is by focusing on what is called the “gut-liver-brain axis .”
Here’s one way of thinking about this connection: if, for whatever reason, your digestive system cannot break down and assimilate all the nutrients from food that it needs, one of the results will be an overabundance of “foreign particulars” in your system as a whole.
This is part of what’s known as “leaky gut” (aka intestinal permeability) and is also a factor for higher risk for chronic inflammation, autoimmune, a higher toxic load, and disease in general .
Marshmallow for Helping Your Organs with a Detoxification & Gut-Healing Routine
Marshmallow is currently listed on the British Herbal Compendium for use in helping with gastroenteritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, enteritis, and colitis .
A 2015 study conducted by researchers at the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran found that “herbal extract of officinalis L. can be a great candidate for the treatment of gram-positive infections and merits further studies .”
A comprehensive review of the Althaea plant conducted in 2017 emphasized not only the antimicrobial, gut-healing, and respiratory system soothing effects of the plant, but its immunomodulatory (regulating immune function) and anti-inflammatory characteristics as well .
These recent findings (and more) conclude that there are literally dozens of ways that the marshmallow plant can be your ally for general health, and for supporting your body’s natural detoxification system, in particular.
Organic Marshmallow Root is one of six key ingredients in Organixx Daily Detox powder.
Organixx Cleanse & Detoxx is a two-step formula that provides a gentle yet powerful full-body detox using organic botanical ingredients. Naturally purge your body of toxins, chemicals, free radicals, heavy metals, waste, as well as bacteria, and pesticides. Easily cleanse your colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, and lymphatic system resulting in increased energy, and better digestion with more nutrient absorption, in addition to improved immunity, mental clarity, and overall health and wellbeing.
When you hear the word “marshmallow” you likely think of the sweet, fluffy confection. But there’s an actual marshmallow plant (aka Althea Officinalis or the Althaea plant) which has many noteworthy health benefits.
The marshmallow treat we’re familiar with today was originally made from marshmallow plant root and honey. It was also used as an effective throat soother, akin to our modern-day “cough drops.”
As a medicinal plant, marshmallow was first cultivated by the ancient Egyptians. It spread to Greece and Rome and eventually was eaten and used medicinally across all of Europe.
Marshmallow’s healing and detoxifying power for the gut, respiratory tract, and other areas of the body is due to particular substances within both the root and leaf which have a soothing effect on the body’s inner pathways.
The roots of the marshmallow plant contain mucilage, which is a gummy substance that doesn’t dissolve in water. Mucilage soothes, heals, and relaxes tissues including the inner tissues of the colon, stomach, throat, esophagus, and lungs.
The mucilage effect of the Althaea plant helps to lower inflammation in specific tissues. The antioxidants in the plant leaves themselves also help to lower inflammation systemwide. The end result is that the body can relax and begin to flush out toxins naturally.
Organic Marshmallow Root is one of six key ingredients in new Organixx Daily Detox powder which contains 6 key superfood ingredients to support your body’s natural detox response system for improved immunity & health. | <urn:uuid:fbf90666-48c1-47f2-aeb0-6d0c45efc045> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://organixx.com/marshmallow-plant-benefits/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.935038 | 2,197 | 2.859375 | 3 |
By Vanessa NyBlom and Jim Stellar
The modern understanding of how the neocortex supports cognition is that the 6-layered neocortex builds internal models of the world from input, rather than simply passively processing that input into an image. For example, if you see a ball rolling across the floor and it goes behind a screen, our eyes jump to where it will come out, and if it does not appear at the right time, we humans express surprise, even as a child. That means the brain is not just eye-tracking the ball like a lizard (it does that too with deep brain structures), but it is building an internal model of the ball as having a trajectory. This capability is what neuroscience calls the inside-out-brain, rather than the outside-in-brain, and it confers superior processing on all species who possess this trait with a significantly large 6-layered neocortex.
The point of that story is that the deep brain limbic systems structures (e.g. accumbens, amygdala) do not have this 6-layered structure and do not appear to model the external world in the same way. They do learn and after a tasty treat of, let’s say chocolate, the accumbens and its dopamine circuitry do predict when a stimulus that led to the first treat is about to lead to another. This is basic learning, and it is incredibly important and representational. But it is not inside-out brain modeling of the external world.
We have written about the prefrontal cortical-limbic connections in a past few blogs, but mainly from the point of view of top-down control. This time we focus specifically on the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and its interaction with incentive reactions generated in reward-related limbic structures like the accumbens from both a control and a cortical representation perspective. This could be important in humans, especially with the prefrontal cortex’s expanded structure compared to lower animals, like the ordinary laboratory rat. As one of us likes to say, “rats and humans may visit art museums for different reasons.”
Following the theme of this blog, the dmPFC might be the one of the places in the brain where college students who have had direct experiences like an internship extract the emotional value of that experience when considering their overall academic plan of study and their ultimate career choice.
Where is the dmPFC? It is located on the top medial part of the prefrontal cortex, as shown below.
The dmPFC has long been suggested to have many high level functions, including ones connected to emotions. One of them is reading the mental (emotional?) states of others, which is part of the well-known theory of mind brain network in humans and is suggested to result in empathy, cooperation, etc. We know the dmPFC’s role in the general PFC to be in reward-prediction and the incentive aspect of these kinds of reactions. For example, one study which we looked at was done on rats and suggests the dmPFC can directly control neural firing in the accumbens from the dopaminergic “reward” projection that comes from the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In this specific study, they first trained rats to do an operant response to get a liquid sucrose reward. Then, they trained them that one auditory cue signaled that the lever worked and a different auditory cue signaled that the lever did not work. For the test the rats were hungry after a week of restricted food and water access. Finally, they implanted recording electrodes in the nucleus accumbens (where dopamine projects and seems to produce reward) and small cannulae for microinfusion into the dmPFC of a mixture of two GABA agonist drugs that tend to inactivate neurons. This way they could record the behavior and neural activation in the accumbens after injecting the druts (or the saline vehicle) into the dmPFC. Some of the behavioral and accumbens recording results are shown below for a few aspects of their findings.
The figure above shows in part A the inhibiting effect of the GABA agonist microinfusion of the dmPFC in reducing the behavioral response as compared to the baseline in the condition (DS). Part B above shows the effect of increasing the latency to respond after that same microinfusion.
The figure above shows the effect on the accumbens neuron firing under the same conditions. Notice the bigger response under saline dmPFC infusion on the right compared to when the GABA agonists were microinfused at low (25 ng) or high (50) ng doses. This result indicates that inactivating the neurons of the dmPFC reduces the firing of the accumbens neurons to the incentive cue, paralleling the changes in behavior just discussed. We think that is the first step of the dmPFC in controlling the accumbens as we considered in our last blog.
So how does the dmPFC represent such limbic processes at the cortical level? To open the discussion here, we switch to an fMRI study in humans that looked at value trade-offs between immediate and delayed rewards that in the above studies were likely processed in the accumbens. Here they found that, and we quote from the article, “brain activity in the posterior dmPFC was modulated by the amount of immediate options, whereas the activity in the adjacent anterior dmPFC, … was modulated by the amount of delayed options (underlining is ours). In the figures below, taken from their paper, the posterior dmPFC fMRI activation is shown on the left and the anterior dmPFC is shown on the right.
There is much complexity in the PFC and its regions that is represented in this paper from which the two figures above were taken and combined here for the purpose of this presentation. What we think is important here is that the dmPFC is representing value (from immediate and delayed rewards directly) and thus has a much more sophisticated representation of the kinds of reward processes mentioned earlier in the accumbens, over which it also appears to have control, at least in rats.
In future blogs on the firing of the dmPFC and other related areas, as discussed in the beginning, we will look for other ways the PFC in both the human and primate cortex builds models of reward processes. Those operations would then allow for the limbic system to “advise” the rest of the cortex and allow various neocortical regions to talk to each other. For example, as stated above, that might allow college students to process the emotional contributions of their direct experience (e.g undergraduate courses and internships) as they relate that input to their academic curriculum and future career plans, which is the overall focus of the many blogs in this blog series. | <urn:uuid:83be9264-c31d-4598-a046-a8436a399e83> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://otherlobe.com/%EF%BF%BClimbic-interactions-of-the-dorsal-medial-prefrontal-cortex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.957493 | 1,420 | 2.859375 | 3 |
There are many reasons a trail takes the particular path it does. Probably the most common is historical, as you mention.
Probably the least common is deliberate design. Most trails have evolved from usage patterns before anyone went out to deliberately make a trail.
Trails that are deliberately designed as trails are the results of lots of tradeoffs. There are many criteria that go into deciding where exactly to route a trail. Some are:
- Access to points of interest.
- Limit the slope. People generally don't like steep trails. They are also more difficult to maintain.
If you are designing a handicapped-accessible trail, then you have to be careful about maximum grade (among many other things).
- Ease of cutting the trail.
- Ease of maintaining the trail.
- Trying not to create erosion. You really don't want a trail going straight up a slope, even if the magnitude of the slope is acceptable. Use will make a rut. Then water will run down the rut making a bigger rut. In the end you created a new streambed, not a trail. Then people walk along the sides, making a even bigger mess.
- To avoid particularly sensitive ecological areas.
- To keep things like nearby houses out of sight of the trail users.
- Because conservation restrictions, deed restrictions, requirements of the land donor, or various other legal restrictions don't give you much choice.
- You (or the organization you are designing the trail for) only owns a narrow corridor.
- To avoid certain terrain, like rock jumbles, soggy areas, etc.
Added in response to new question
US national park ... How would I go about routing a public-use trail
Hacking your own trails in a National Park is a really bad idea, not to mention a federal offense that will have consequences.
If you really think there should be a new trail somewhere in a National Park, you very humbly propose it to park management. Most likely they won't be interested. If you do actually convince them, it will be a process. They will have standards that new trails must adhere to, various policies and procedures that must be followed, etc. They will certainly want to choose the route. You might be able to help or have influence over that process, probably depending on what they think of you. They will most likely want to do the construction with their own trail crews. Volunteers they feel comfortable with may be able to contribute, but don't take that for granted. | <urn:uuid:adda33ca-0a34-4bec-9021-59dca25c9827> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/questions/16862/how-are-the-routes-of-hiking-trails-determined | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.956712 | 516 | 3.0625 | 3 |
A Complete Guide for Happy and Healthy Hamsters
Hamsters are adorable and delightful small pets that can bring joy and companionship to your life. These tiny creatures have specific care requirements to ensure their well-being and happiness. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the essential aspects of hamster care, providing you with practical tips to become a responsible and loving hamster owner.
- Choosing the Right Cage: A suitable cage is crucial for your hamster’s comfort and safety. Consider the following:
a) Opt for a cage with a solid base to prevent bedding from falling out. b) Ensure proper ventilation with a wire mesh or bars on the sides. c) The cage should be spacious enough for your hamster to move, explore, and exercise. d) Provide hiding spots and tunnels to satisfy your hamster’s natural burrowing instincts.
- Bedding and Substrate: Choosing the right bedding material is essential for your hamster’s comfort and hygiene. Consider the following:
a) Use paper-based bedding or aspen shavings, avoiding cedar or pine as they can be harmful to hamsters. b) Provide a thick layer of bedding to allow burrowing and nest-building. c) Clean the bedding regularly, replacing soiled areas, and perform a complete bedding change weekly.
- Proper Nutrition: A balanced diet is crucial for your hamster’s overall health. Consider the following:
a) Provide a good-quality hamster pellet mix as the staple food. b) Offer fresh vegetables and fruits as occasional treats, while avoiding harmful ones like citrus fruits. c) Provide a constant supply of fresh, clean water in a water bottle. d) Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity and related health issues.
- Enrichment and Exercise: Hamsters are active creatures that require mental stimulation and physical activity. Consider the following:
a) Provide a hamster wheel for exercise, ensuring it is the appropriate size to prevent back injuries. b) Offer a variety of chew toys to satisfy their natural gnawing instincts and keep their teeth healthy. c) Create a safe, supervised play area outside the cage for exploration and exercise. d) Rotate toys regularly to keep your hamster engaged and prevent boredom.
- Handling and Socialization: Building trust and bonding with your hamster is important for their well-being. Consider the following:
a) Handle your hamster gently and with care, using both hands to support their body. b) Begin with short handling sessions, gradually increasing the duration as your hamster becomes more comfortable. c) Allow your hamster regular out-of-cage time in a secure and supervised area. d) Be patient and understanding, as hamsters have different personalities and may require time to adjust.
- Health and Veterinary Care: Regular veterinary care and monitoring are essential for your hamster’s health. Consider the following:
a) Schedule annual check-ups with a veterinarian experienced in exotic pets. b) Monitor your hamster’s eating habits, activity levels, and appearance for any signs of illness or distress. c) Maintain proper hygiene by cleaning the cage regularly and removing any soiled bedding promptly. d) Be familiar with common health issues in hamsters, such as wet tail or dental problems, and seek veterinary advice if needed.
Taking care of a hamster requires dedication, attention to detail, and love. By providing a suitable cage, proper nutrition, mental stimulation, regular handling, and veterinary care, you can ensure a happy and healthy life for your furry friend. Remember, each hamster is unique, so observe their behavior and adapt their care accordingly. With proper care and affection, your hamster will bring joy and companionship into your life for years to come. | <urn:uuid:1c82ecd4-d1c6-4118-bf43-7225d5fa928c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://petsworldpro.com/a-complete-guide-for-happy-and-healthy-hamsters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.898765 | 788 | 2.546875 | 3 |
There are simple reasons that some people are able to write essays quickly and others struggle to even write one. Some children appear to have a natural ability to write essays that others cannot comprehend easily. Although writing can be difficult or difficult to comprehend there are many things that are easy to master. The art of writing an excellent essay is something everyone could benefit from. In this article I will provide five tips to assist you in learning how to write an effective essay.
To write essays, you must first be aware of the format of essays. In the beginning, there is an introduction to every essay. This should be done in the introduction paragraph. To understand the fundamental structure of essays, it’s important to first understand the basic outline of the essay itself. An introduction sets the stage for the rest of the essay.
A paragraph essay is divided into three distinct parts including discussion, content and conclusion. Each of these sections of a paragraph essay will build on the previous one, and will further elaborate and reinforce the argument of the paper. The aim of each paragraph in the essay is to back up the main argument and provide additional information for the reader. In order to learn how to write essays efficiently it is essential to first understand the basic structure and then apply it to your advantage.
The next step in learning to write essays is to create an outline. An outline can help you to properly plan paragraph grammar the outline and utilize an outline marker to help you navigate the essay. The outline is a vital tool for learning to write essays since it helps you organize the paper and remove many of the last minute ideas that crop up. A lot of students begin their essay by deciding what they’ll write about and write a brief summary of their ideas in the first few paragraphs. However, to create a complete outline, you must plan to spend at least a few hours planning and re-planning it.
Finally, and most important when best online comma checker it comes to learning how to write essays, you must practice and develop the writing abilities of your essay. When you continue to read, listen and write you’ll notice the structure of your sentences, word choice and tone change as well as the organization of your essay will change as time passes. Writing is not about sounding competent. It’s about expressing your personality. As you get more comfortable writing essays, your writing style will reflect that and you’ll create your personal style.
It is important to not let any issues you face when essay writing distract you from the end result. Keep your eyes on the aim and write at a regular pace. Don’t let the stress of the writing take over Write in a relaxed manner. You’ll soon discover that you’re enjoying writing instead of worrying about what needs to be done.
When creating an introduction for your essay, it is crucial to keep in mind to make it strong, while writing in a concise and clear manner. Introductions are the most important element of an essay. It should include a strong sentence that explains the central idea behind the essay. The thesis statement is by far the most significant part of an essay. It is the main element of an essay. The main point in a book, newspaper or magazine is usually the lead paragraph. To ensure that your reader understands your essay’s purpose, communicate the main point in the introduction.
The body of your essay should consist of the introduction and the body. This is where most people will include their research and experience into the essay. This is the most effective way to begin the writing process. Write down your research. However, if your research seems overwhelming or if you have not had enough time to write about your subject then you can begin writing it down in the priority order. You might find it helpful to note down your main topic and place them within your essay’s text. But, make certain to write clear and concise. | <urn:uuid:f6d8c1b5-d185-4330-ab2f-6aa83a38317f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://pharma-house.com/2023/01/11/5-tips-to-help-you-write-essays/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.946373 | 796 | 2.75 | 3 |
Anemonefish in the family of Pomacentridae, damselfishes. The currently explored and classified have 28 types, the anemonefish can be found in Thai sea boundary are 7 types, Andaman side there are 5 types such as Clown anemonefish, Whitebacked clownfish, Clack’s anemonefish , Sebea clownfish, Red saddleback anemonefish, and Gulf of Thailand side there are 2 types such as Saddleback anemonefish, and Whitebacked clownfish.
Anemonefish in nature cannot alive without sea anemone because anemonefish used sea anemone as a refuge, sea anemone protects the anemonefish from predators, as well providing food through the scraps left from the anemone’s meal called Symbiosis Interaction (which means that each species is highly dependent on the other for survival). The increase survival rate in the anemonefish before returning to the sea is let they be familiar with sea anemone.
The living with sea anemone lately will make anemonefish die because they starve or become to victim at all due to no refuge. So, do not release the culture anemonefish to the sea without co-dependent with sea anemone behavior changing. The sea anemone type should be specific with anemonefish species including suitable surrounding and denseness for example in 1 clump of sea anemone can be live just 6-10, there will be increase survival rate in nature.
The factor that effected to anemonefish survival when returning to the nature.
1. The releasing anemonefish culture should be behavior modification by let them be familiar with sea anemone unless 30 days before release.
2. There are should have sea anemone enough for amount of anemonefish and suitable with anemonefish species.
3. Should have a swing or cage for cover at least 15 minutes (for anemonefish behavior already changed) for anemonefish be familiar with new sea anemone and nature currency.
4. Anemonefish release to the nature, the people who release should be confident do not have kind of predator or enemy in the area.
5. The density of anemonefish with sea anemone was depend on size of sea anemone, maximum should not exceed than 10 to large size of sea anemone.
6. There are should be the anemone fish that suitable for habitats or can be found in the nature of area that can release for restore in the old habitats. In the event that, bring other species of anemonefish into the area or natural geographic spread its will negative impact on the ecosystem.
On February 9, 2018, Phuket Aquarium, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC) has corporate with Thetsaban Sherng-Thalay School organized activity “Coral Rehabilitation” under the project of “2018 Open House Academic Days”. The mayor of Sherng-Thalay district, Mr. Sunirund Rachatapruk is presiding over the opening ceremony. There are have more student, teacher, and student’s parents give attention to visited exhibition. | <urn:uuid:11981a15-8ce4-403b-b486-9df82753040d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://phuketaquarium.org/en/cats/news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.923364 | 680 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Some plants love full sun, while yet others won’t tolerate direct sunlight and are likely to die if too much light is provided.
So, when growing houseplants, you need to be very careful about the right location for your plant, as ultimately, the location you choose for your plant, will decide on how much light your plant is exposed to.
That said, let us now talk about the best plants for west-facing windows.
West-facing windows are best for plants that are in need of medium light.
West-facing windows receive less light than south-facing windows.
However, plants in west-facing windows still receive intense, direct sunlight for half a day (afternoon) when placed very near that window.
Table of Contents
So, what are the best plants for west-facing windows?
Some of the best plants for west-facing windows include Aechmea fasciata (Urn plant), Aphelandra squarrosa (Zebra plant), Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine), Chamaedorea elegans (Parlour palm), Cordyline terminalis (Ti Plant), Crassula ovata (Jade plant), Cypripedioideae (Lady’s Slipper Orchids), Dieffenbachia (Dumb Cane), Dracaena fragrans (Corn plant), Echinopsis (Hedgehog cactus), Faucaria tigrina (Tiger Jaws), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese Hibiscus), Mammillaria elongata (Gold Lace Cactus) & Saxifraga Stolonifera (Strawberry Begonia).
Best plants for west-facing windows
1. Aechmea fasciata (Urn Plant)
Aechmea fasciata, also known as the “Urn plant”, is the first plant on our extensive list of plants that do particularly well when placed in west-facing windows.
West-facing windows are known to provide a half-day of full sun, which is actually not something that is ideal for Urn plants.
So why are Urn plants still considered to be good plants for west-facing windows, then?
Well, Urn plants like bright, indirect sunlight.
Now, west-facing windows definitely do provide that.
But you should make sure that your Urn plant only receives filtered light.
And, as west-facing windows do provide a half-day of full sun (afternoon), you will need some curtains to ensure that your plant only receives filtered light.
Direct sunlight is not good for your Aechmea fasciata, as this will burn its leaves.
2. Aphelandra squarrosa (Zebra Plant)
Aphelandra squarrosa is not a fan of direct sunlight.
In fact, this plant does not tolerate direct sunlight at all.
Now, could this plant still feel comfortable in a west-facing window, knowing that west-facing windows generally provide a half-day of full sun?
And the answer is yes. Just make sure that you have a curtain between your west-facing window and your plant and you will end up with what this plant needs to thrive: Bright light without direct sunlight.
3. Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine)
Norfolk Island Pine Trees are famous for making excellent Christmas trees.
But what you probably didn’t know is that they also make great houseplants.
Now, while the preferred location for Norfolk Island Pines is actually a south-window (they love intense, direct sunlight), a west-window that gets a good amount of bright, direct sunlight should also yield good results.
4. Chamaedorea elegans (Parlor palm)
The Parlor palm is one of these forgiving houseplants that can actually tolerate low light conditions.
But that doesn’t mean that low light is actually the ideal choice when it comes to the Parlor palm.
In fact, bright, indirect light yields the best results with Chamaedorea elegans.
This makes the Parlor plant a suitable plant for a west-facing window, provided that you will shield your Parlor plant from the direct sunlight that west-facing windows are usually getting in the afternoon.
To do so, once again, hang a curtain between your plant and the window and voilà, your plant does now only receive filtered light.
5. Cordyline terminalis (Ti Plant)
Cordyline terminalis (Ti plant) comes in many color variations: green, red, orange, or, as in the picture above, in pink.
Now, while most Ti plants can indeed survive in low light, not being exposed to enough light will result in less lively Ti plants, especially if you own a variegated Ti plant.
This is why it is recommended to keep your Cordyline terminalis in a spot that blesses your plant with bright light (mainly indirect light with some direct sunlight each and every day).
A west-facing window is, therefore, certainly a good choice, especially if you are growing a variegated ti plant.
Variegated plants generally need more light than their regular counterparts.
6. Crassula Ovata (Jade Plant)
The all-so popular Jade plant that you can see in many people’s homes, in public places, and even in shopping centers and the like, is yet another plant that does great in west-facing windows.
It does enjoy medium light, which is a good deal of filtered light and is, therefore, perfect for exposure in west-facing windows.
7. Cypripedioideae (Lady’s Slipper Orchids)
While orchids as a whole are plants that do best when placed in south-facing windows, some orchids, such as Lady’s Slipper orchids prefer somewhat less light.
So, you could very well keep this beautiful orchid in a west-facing window. Just make sure that it does not receive direct sunlight, as it won’t tolerate it all that well.
As west-facing windows do indeed receive a good amount of direct sunlight, you should make sure to shield your plant from direct sunlight with the help of a curtain.
8. Dieffenbachia (Dumb Cane)
Dieffenbachia (Dumb Cane) probably doesn’t even need an introduction, as it is easily one of the most popular houseplants at this day and age.
As far as light requirements go, Dieffenbachia feels most comfortable in medium light.
It is, therefore, a good idea to grow this plant in a west-facing window, where it receives lots of bright, indirect light.
Filtered light through a curtain would be ideal.
9. Dracaena fragrans (Corn Plant)
Corn Plant is a very forgiving houseplant that is very easy to grow, even for complete beginners.
As far as the right temperature and the right watering schedule goes, your Corn Plant is considered to be very low-maintenance and even if your care is not exactly on point, your Dracaena fragrans is most likely to survive.
Now, as far as light requirements go, Corn Plant is equally forgiving and will do well in a wide range of locations and light conditions.
Still, if you would like to like your plant to reach its full potential, you should place is either in an east- or west-facing window, as a half-day of full sun is what Dracaena fragrans likes best.
As we have discussed earlier on, both an east- and west-facing window can deliver a half day of full sun, the difference being that the east-facing window will deliver high light in the morning, whereas a west-facing window shines with high light in the afternoon.
As for other aspects of Corn plant care, please have a look at our in-depth Corn plant care guide.
10. Echinopsis (Hedgehog Cacti)
Cacti generally love the sun. Some of these desert-dwellers even welcome a full day of sun.
And whenever a full day of sun is mentioned, your best bet would be placing the plant in a south-facing window.
Some Cacti, as our Hedgehog Cactus, however, prefer medium light and can’t handle a full day of direct sun.
They are OK with what east-facing or west-facing windows have to offer, though: A half-day of full sun.
11. Faucaria tigrina (Tiger Jaws)
The Tiger Jaw plant is a succulent. And both succulents and cacti generally need a lot of sunshine to thrive. This also holds true for the Tiger Jaw.
As these plants actually enjoy a full day of sun, a south-window would be the perfect fit for them.
However, a west-window is probably the second-best option for these succulents, as they are still supposed to do very well with even just a half-day of sun.
If you want to see your Tiger Jaw bloom, you’ll need to make sure that it receives about 3-5 hours of direct sunlight per day.
12. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Chinese Hibiscus)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis feature some of the most impressive blooms you’ll ever see in houseplants.
As far as the colors go, you will find many different Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis varieties on the market: pink, blue, yellow, and some varieties with striking bicolors.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants enjoy warmth and do best in warm temperatures.
They are best grown near west-facing windows, where they can enjoy bright light with some direct sun in the afternoon.
13. Mammillaria elongata (Gold Lace Cactus)
This pretty desert-dweller will be most happy to receive a half-day of direct sun from a west-facing window.
As an alternative, you could also place it in an east-facing window where it gets direct morning sun rather direct sunlight in the afternoon (=west-facing window).
Mammillaria elongata is native and endemic to Mexico. It is one of the most popular species in the genera of Mammillaria within the family Cactaceae.
14. Saxifraga stolonifera (Strawberry Begonia)
When grown indoors, Saxifraga stolonifera does particularly well in two locations: East-facing windows or west-facing windows.
It needs lots of bright, indirect light but also needs some direct light. As we know, both east- and west-facing windows can deliver that.
If possible, avoid exposing your Strawberry begonia to too much midday sun, as this might result in bleaching of the leaves.
In fact, not only the Strawberry begonia is a great candidate for west-facing windows, but also many other species in the Genus Begonia do extraordinarily well in west-facing windows.
Frequently Asked Questions About West-Facing Windows Plants
How much light does a west-facing window get?
West-facing windows are characterized by receiving a half-day of full sun (afternoon). West-facing windows are providing your plant with medium light.
Is a west-facing window a good choice for a banana tree?
No. A banana tree generally does better in a south-facing window where it gets bright light (direct sunlight).
Is the Areca palm a good plant to grow in west-facing windows?
No. Areca palms love intense, direct sunlight. For best results, place your Area palm in a south-facing window!
Daniel has been a plant enthusiast for over 20 years. He owns hundreds of houseplants and prepares for the chili growing seasons yearly with great anticipation. His favorite plants are plant species in the Araceae family, such as Monstera, Philodendron, and Anthurium. He also loves gardening and is growing hot peppers, tomatoes, and many more vegetables. | <urn:uuid:456ba25e-f6fa-45d3-8ed6-ebb288d00b8b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://plantophiles.com/plant-care/west-facing-windows-plants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.93422 | 2,567 | 2.734375 | 3 |
This year, May 5, 2021 is World Maternal Mental Health Day. It is a day to raise awareness of perinatal mood disorders.
1 in 5 women experience anxiety and/or depression during pregnancy or post-partum. It is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and childbirth yet it is often unnoticed and untreated.
The COVID-19 pandemic, lock downs and gathering restrictions during the past year have added increased challenges to many parents and some have experienced an increase in anxiety and/or depression.
Many families that would have received support from family, friends, groups or parenting programs in person, have only been able to ‘connect’ with others online. “Virtual” contact can have its benefits, but for some it can be quite challenging and sometimes feel isolating.
Some symptoms of perinatal anxiety and depression are:
- depressed or irritable mood
- lack of interest in activities
- changes in sleep or appetite
- low energy or poor concentration
- feeling guilty or worthless
- worry that is difficult to control
- feeling panicky, restless or tense
- intrusive repetitive thoughts (e.g., fear of baby getting sick) or repeated rituals (e.g., hand washing, checking baby often)
- flashbacks or nightmares of a trauma
- thoughts of suicide or harming yourself or your baby
If you or anyone you know is experiencing these symptoms, remember:
You are not alone. There is help. You will get better.
The time is now. Let’s increase awareness of Maternal Mental Health and spread the word by using the hashtags #maternalMHmatters, #TimeForAction and #WMMHD when posting on social media.
“There is no health without mental health“
Call (416) 338-7600 or e-chat with a Public Health Nurse if you think you may need help, or contact your Health Care Provider.
For more information: | <urn:uuid:c1c279ff-ed6e-4d9b-afcd-1d2ad121dc57> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://pregnancytoparenting.ca/2021/05/05/world-maternal-mental-health-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.934784 | 405 | 2.5625 | 3 |
A comprehensive introduction to reading, writing, and pronunciation of modern Hebrew
A comprehensive introduction to modern Israeli Hebrew, Lessons in Modern Hebrew: Level I and Level II provide English-speaking students and well-motivated individuals with all the basic classroom tools necessary for mastery of the language. The lessons introduce the student to the core vocabulary which is then included in reading passages, conversational text, and written communication. All grammatical features of modern Hebrew are thoroughly explained and reinforced by drills and exercises. The books have been classroom-tested at the University of Michigan. Both audio-lingual and cognitive approaches are used.
"Reading through her text lesson after lesson, I am impressed by fresh formulations, lucid explanations, fine exercises—all done intelligently and based on solid linguistic knowledge. There is nothing available which can even compare with it. . . . The book will be a major contribution to the teaching of Hebrew in this country."
—Professor Arnold Band, University of California, Los Angeles | <urn:uuid:53333425-8729-44ab-a233-e837a7210143> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://press.umich.edu/Books/L/Lessons-in-Modern-Hebrew | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.935243 | 198 | 3.15625 | 3 |
LaTeX is a markup language and typesetting system commonly used in mathematical and scientific writing. It can be used to create documents from scratch or display equations in a web browser with the help of plugins, as is the case in Pressbooks.
Below is an example of what LaTeX can look like. This is a simple example, but LaTeX can be used to write much more complex expressions.
Use the formula [latex]V=\pi r^2h[/latex] to calculate the volume of a cylinder. | <urn:uuid:126e4544-3b93-452b-b241-e2766597b492> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://pressbooks.saskpolytech.ca/pressbooks/chapter/what-is-latex/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.87367 | 108 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Robots are coming. Whether they come as humanoids, home assistants or self-driving cars, they are coming. They are coming out from the orderly, synthetic and isolated manufacturing plants to the chaotic, evolutionary and interactive real world. And it's this interaction what will separate machines between lifeless appliance and sociable robots. Understanding both verbal and non-verbal communication is the last layer of robotic development, though it may be one of the most challenging.
Human Pose Estimation is the problem of localizing human body parts -such as hands, eyes or feet- from just a single RGB camera, like the one you use in your smartphone. Solving this problem would mean a robot could understand your movements, predict your next action and, eventually, beat you in a Kung-Fu battle. Deep learning is our best ally here. Its ability to process images, grasp its content and improve with experience has helped remarkably to make Human Pose Estimation a reality.
Throughout this talk we'll explore the problem of Human Pose Estimation, how deep learning has revolutionized the field and how it will impact our everyday life. Live demos assured! | <urn:uuid:1f356d4a-75ed-43e1-98e2-06e848824f57> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://preview.pyvideo.org/pycon-es-2018/deep-learning-will-beat-you-in-a-kung-fu-battle-ale-solano.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.939847 | 228 | 2.96875 | 3 |
A SHORT HISTORY OF CHICANO AND SCRIPT TATTOOS
Chicano is a term that was born in the United States as a classification for people mainly of Mexican origin. It later became a word associated as an insult but later became part of the identity of the Chicano moment back in the 60s.
Chicanos prior to the second world war lived as second-class citizens. However, from 1942-43, the situation changed mainly after many joined the American army to fight the second world war. Later in the 60s, a political movement against discrimination and violence took the form of murals, music, and tattoos. Songwriters like Vincent Fernandez and various movies were soon associated with the Chicano culture.
Origin of Chicano Tattoos
The original Chicano tattoo originated with the Pachuco gang culture in New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and California. Back then these tattoos were created using regular sewing needles, dipped in black Indian ink. Classic themes included skulls, women, religious figures and flowers. Gang members had a Pachuco cross tattooed in the middle of the fingers and thumb; it showed identity, respect, and loyalty to the gang.
Modern Day Chicano Tattoos
The Chicano art form is no longer associated with gangs or violence like it once was. It is an art type that strongly represents the Latino culture, while the associated tattoos show respect and love for the art. So, regardless of whether you are a Chicano or someone who just appreciates this type of art it is an excellent way to express yourself.
Today, there are literally dozens of Chicano and script tattoos from which to choose. Each one is different in the way they convey your artistic feelings, emotions, or political inclination. Not to mention the fact that they look cool. Many experienced tattoo artists even create their own, with a unique twist.
The scripts often inspired by similar gang-related typefaces, but many times they are variations of famous gang tattoos. So, the sky is literally the limit or anyone who wants a tattoo that looks like something they got in prison but does not make them look like a criminal perhaps!
Chicano and script tattoos are some of the hottest today. That said you are open to either choosing from hundreds of different similar tattoos or allowing the artist to come up with something unique. Not to mention that you can design your own and the tattoo artist will lay it out on skin for you!
*(Tattoo shown above done by Primitive’s artist Travis)
. . .
Appointments enquiries open: email@example.com
146 Barrack St, Perth
08 9221 8585
Looking for a unique and the best tattoos in Perth? Come see Primitive Tattoo in Perth.
Facebook: Tattoo Studio Perth | <urn:uuid:866e871b-d14c-4db0-b1f2-728fa566cbd4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://primitivetattoo.com.au/a-short-history-of-chicano-and-script-tattoos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.957038 | 583 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Assessing the retention of knowledge is the first step of environmental education programs. The low education level in rural areas is one factor influencing habitat loss in Madagascar. We tested whether environmental education lessons given to teachers from a municipality, Iaboakoho, in a priority area for lemur conservation were retained after one year. Questionnaires were given to teachers from Iaboakoho and from other three neighbouring municipalities (control groups). Teachers from Iaboakoho had higher scores than the others. Knowledge gained was retained and might be transferred to children. Increasing proenvironmental attitudes and behaviours is the next step to reduce environmental exploitation.
Campera, MarcoNekaris, K. Anne-IsolaDonati, Giuseppe
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences\Department of Social Sciences
Year of publication: 2017Date of RADAR deposit: 2017-11-20 | <urn:uuid:a37414c5-a97d-4091-8c74-ad3f620828bc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/4c035b30-d944-49d6-9aee-3d7f6a879ae9/1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.919048 | 177 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Teen pregnancy has become a social and economic crisis, and the greatest obstacle to Mississippi’s future economic growth. In fact, the state’s teen birth rate is nearly double the national average (55 of every 1,000 teens). Moreover, since abstinence is the only form of sex education taught in more than half of Mississippi’s schools, the Women’s Fund of Mississippi discovered widespread ignorance among teens about sex, reproduction and STDs. They asked Ramey to create an integrated campaign designed to dispel myths about sex by driving traffic to a new website — factnotfiction.com — that offers teens clear, medically accurate information.
Ramey created television and radio spots, in addition to social media, and even an interactive video quiz to promote the site. The campaign, which broke in early October, features actual myths about sex recounted by teens in focus groups throughout the state, many of which show shocking ignorance. For the future, our fervent hope is that informed teens will make smarter, better choices. Look for updates as we track results. | <urn:uuid:fe7d0a0b-5064-4d49-b24b-1ce5082315f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ramey.com/battling-teen-pregnancy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.951045 | 217 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg
Let’s start the conversation about habit power with this example: Two young men were swimming in the water. The old fish came to them and said, “Hello, children, how is the water?” Two months later, they answered, “What else is water?”
Water is our habit, the thoughtless choices and invisible decisions that surround us every day, and if we look at them, they become visible.
In the last decade, our understanding of neuroscience and the psychology of habits and the way functional patterns have evolved in life, society, and organizations. We now know why habits are formed, changed, and informed about its mechanism.
Once a habit is formed, the brain no longer participates in decision-making. In fact, habits are powerful but subtle and can take place outside of our consciousness. Or be voluntarily designed. Habits often occur without our permission, but they can be changed by changing parts.
The reality is that they affect our lives more than we realize. Habits never go away. They are encrypted in our brain structure. The problem is that our brains can’t tell the difference between good and bad habits.
Even when you have a bad habit, it is always there and looking for clues and rewards. But if we learn to create normal neurological currents that dominate previous behaviors, and if we master the habit ring, we can repel those bad tendencies.
When I read these sentences in the book Power of Habit, I had a better understanding of my clients’ challenges.
In fact, a large part of my clients’ challenges in their professional and personal lives are of this kind
- I want to change.
- I want to start a new path.
- I want to add a new skill to myself
I have tried many times but I have not succeeded so far
The question is, how come we haven’t succeeded in all this effort?
After reading this book, I realized that one of the reasons for the failure is an obstacle called “habit”.
According to scientists; Habits are formed because the brain is constantly looking for ways to record activities. The brain tries to make all daily activities a habit. Because habits reduce the speed of brain activity. An efficient brain allows us not to think about everyday tasks and to devote mental energy to inventing spears, irrigation systems, and so on.
Once a habit is formed, the brain no longer participates in decision-making. Or it doesn’t focus on other tasks. So this pattern is used unintentionally until you have clearly struggled with the habit and replaced it with a new routine.
The good news is that we now know how to break them (habits) and rebuild them to achieve our goals.
Another question that arises is whether it is possible to change our habits on our own or to replace them with other habits.
As a Coach, I believe that human beings can be the best of themselves. They can make any difference in their minds, and I’ve experienced many times that being accompanied by a coach can pave the way.
Why is it easier to change or make a new habit with coaching?
First of all, we need awareness to succeed in this path. Awareness of what we are used to and what the power of habit is.
Achieving full knowledge and understanding of the subject occurs in coaching. That is, I, as a client, can see parts of myself that were in my subconscious and are now on the path to my self-awareness. It is after the awareness stage that we can take action to change or change our habit.
Second, by coaching, we can more easily identify, design, and implement the habit framework, which includes the following:
- Recognize normal flow
- Reward Test
- Detect clues
- Having a plan
Third ; Coach will be by your side to follow this path step by step. Of course, this is a long way off, and you need strong faith to do so. The belief that Koch has is that everyone knows how to be their own best. Everyone can be their own best. Coach accompanies you so you can build your faith.
If you believe, you can change and turn it into a habit and use the power of habit to your advantage. Change comes true. The power of habit is to understand that you choose the habits yourself. When the choice becomes involuntary, it is not only real, but inevitable, and irresistibly leads us to our destiny no matter what.
Fourth, by coaching, you can choose your habits and gain the power to change your destiny. This choice is based on the knowledge you gain from your values along the way. These values can create a desire in you to strengthen your willpower based on it and to be able to overcome obstacles and take action. | <urn:uuid:844622cf-c737-452e-b604-6f66460dc85a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://rayahr.com/the-power-of-habit-by-charles-duhigg/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.96169 | 1,000 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The stop code Bad System Config Info error is a Windows bug check error that is mostly caused by the registry or system files malfunctioning. Also, there may be a conflict between some older boot order files and newer stable ones in BCD (Boot Configuration Data).
This article contains seven methods of fixing this Windows error. Each method contains steps that will guide you in doing this.
With the methods and steps outlined below, you can fix the Windows 10 stop code Bad System Config Info error:
The following steps will guide you in doing a system restore for your computer. This way, your system goes back to its original state, free from the error:
To run a startup repair on Windows 10 with this error, you need to create an installation media with a USB thumb drive or a CD/DVD. On your BIOS settings window, ensure you set the boot order to enable you to boot from the USB media. Connect this drive to your computer or insert the disc and follow these steps:
Most BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) errors occur as a result of faulty RAM or hard drive. The Bad System Config Info error is a BSOD error, thus it can be caused by errors in your hard disk. You can replace your hard disk to fix the problem once you have done a detailed inspection and found out that faulty hardware is the source of the problem.
If the error is caused by outdated drivers, you are advised to update your drivers to the latest available ones. Ensure that all your computer's major components have the latest available drivers. Visit your manufacturer's website, find your device, and download its latest available drivers. You need to update all your drivers for maximum effect.
You must have the latest drivers updated on your computer whether by the manual update, using a trusted third-party app, or using Windows update.
The Bad System Config Info error can be caused by settings that are wrongly done in Windows registry. Therefore, if this is the case, you should fix your Windows registry files using the steps below:
The Windows Memory Diagnostics utility is essential if you want to find out if your RAM has issues so you can change it.
If your BCD file is corrupted, it could cause this error, thereby preventing you from accessing your computer even in Safe Mode.
bootrec /loss can
The last command will delete Master Boot Records of your computer before recreating them, so take note.
The Bad System Config Info error can occur at a time when you are using your computer and you may have data that have not been saved. These data or files may be lost as a result. Do you know that you can get your data back with the professional Recoverit Data Recovery tool? Well, it's true. Recoverit can retrieve all your lost data, be they audio files, videos, PDF documents, zipped files, images, etc.
More so, Recoverit supports data loss scenarios such as data lost from crashed systems, corrupt memory cards, damaged internal hard drives, system issues, virus infection, and many others. Thus, install the app on your computer and follow these steps to recover your unsaved data:
Step 1: Select a Location
Begin with a selection of your location. After this, click on the "Start" button to start scanning the location
Step 2: Scan the Location
After you have clicked to "Start", Recoverit will scan the chosen location and get back all the files in that location. You will see them appear as the process goes on.
Step 3: Preview and Save
Finally, use the Preview feature to go through all the scanned and retrieved files. To save the files, select "Recover". That's it!
It is important to note that because the Bad System Config Info error is not as serious as other more complicated BSOD errors, it can be easily resolved. This means that as long as you pay attention to the methods outlined in this article and follow them carefully, you can fix this error and use your computer normally. | <urn:uuid:c919838a-0e6c-4303-8c46-5792ee7d3324> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://recoverit.wondershare.com/computer-problems/windows-stop-code-bad-system-config-info.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.90786 | 816 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Having to sit behind the same desk for hours daily is frustrating. The office has become a second home for many employees, and things have reached a point where a quick break to make some coffee or grabs some water is an opportunity to stretch a bit; it feels like pure bliss. Your desk setup might avail the comforts you desire, but what substitutes the need to get up and move about? What are the health risks associated with sitting behind the desk for hours on end every day? Have you considered working when standing up, and what are the benefits of doing this as your desk?
We know all too well the woes you face every day when working for hours seated behind your office desk. That is why we come up with this guide to helping you switch to a standing desk and discover its benefits that could make a significant difference to work productivity and health.
Stand-Up Desk Benefits
First, we should address the issue of doubt that you might regarding the standing desk and if it is the better choice than sitting. The reasons for working while seated for long periods are many, but a lot of them are bad for your health. Excessive sitting can lead to issues like diabetes, obesity, and other health problems.
A standing desk offers notable benefits that help ensure you stay on your feet while helping avoid potential health issues associated with sitting for long periods. Some of the unique benefits include:
1). Burn More Calories
With a standing desk, you can avoid the potential weight gain linked with being seated. Studies show that you burn more calories when standing than seated, meaning you will have more control of your bodyweight if you worked while standing for the better part of the day.
2). Feel More Energetic
Slumping is a common thing when we are at our desks, and it often makes us feel unable to working any more and wishing we were in bed resting. Standing at the office desk will help to keep you from slouching back while making you feel more energetic.
3). Become More Productive
You will utilize some of the larger body muscles when you work standing at your desk. Doing this also naturally increases the flow of blood to the brain. The increased blood flow makes you feel better and more focused, thus improving your concentration and subsequently, productivity.
4). Reduced Risk Of Health Problems
The British Journal of Sports Medicine did a study that suggested that people sit for long hours have twice the risk of developing type-2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, you can balance the amount of time you spend at your desk but working seated for shorter periods that standing and you will lower the likelihood of health complications.
However, there are no guarantees that you will realize the benefits of standing at your office desk immediately after making the transition. Nevertheless, research supports the facts on record regarding how sitting for long periods can harm your health.
5). Good For Your Back?
If you have chronic back pain, you can find some reprieve or an end to the problem by working at a standing desk. But is it the solution to your back pain? The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that standing desks help the risk of neck and upper back pain by nearly 54%.
The pain you experience in your back is linked to sitting for long periods, especially with poor posture. The pressures and stress exerted on the back muscles while sitting are notable, more co when the spine in curled in a “C” position. The spine should be in an “S” position, which is a posture that you can regain when standing as you work.
Nevertheless, you should seek and follow the advice of an experienced health professional on how to alleviate back pain.
Are Standing Desks Better?
To answer the question, things are not that straightforward. We can say that it boils down to personal preference. Some people opt to spend a better part of their day working while standing while others find that it offers little help. The best thing to do if you want to discover if the standing desk is for you is to give it a try. You can start with a stand-sit disk that will let you switch between the two postures as you work. Make sure that you invest in a comfortable pair of shoes before you try your new desk, the last thing you want is sore feet! Visit the Orthotic Shop for a full range of supportive shoes.
You also might benefit from going for a stroll during your lunch break or hit the gym for a few minutes to stretch your muscles. Such activities will get your blood flowing, increase the delivery of oxygen to your brain and other organs, thus help you become clear-headed when you get back to your desk. Also, consider taking regular breaks so that you can take your mind off work and your eyes off the screen. | <urn:uuid:995fac02-c7b9-42a2-9cba-11755196b089> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://seekingalpha.com/instablog/46612006-johnny-fr/5468073-standing-desk-best-things-for-your-health-when-work | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.959121 | 976 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A machinist is a person who uses tools to make modify parts and objects, such as parts for firearms, vehicles such as airplanes, cars, and boats, and plastic injection molds. A machinist can cut metal, plastic, wood, or other materials, such as ice. Machinists may operate manual machines or Numerical control (CNC) machines.
Machinists follow a print that tells them what kind of metal to use, where to cut, how deep to cut, what angles to cut at, and many other specified instructions to meet a person's standards.
Machines[change | change source]
These tools include, but are not limited to, the:
- Lathe, a machine tool that grips a piece of "stock" (metal cut into a smaller size for machining) and spins it against cutting point. A lathe may be CNC or manual.
- Milling machine, a machine tool that grips a cutter and spins it, and allows the stock to be pushed into, away from, or against the cutter. A milling machine may be CNC or manual.
Tools[change | change source]
Machinists will make use of calipers, gages, micrometers, paints, and other items for the use of checking to see if parts are machined correctly or planning out cuts.
Layout paint may come in red or blue. It is used to coat the side of a part for scribing a path or shape of a cut.
Bar stock[change | change source]
Bar stock is metal that has not yet been machined. It may be referred to as slugs, blanks, or billets. It may be made of different kinds of steel or aluminum.
Metals higher in Carbon are harder to cut, while metals lower in carbon are easier to cut. | <urn:uuid:cdbd7b4c-0151-41f1-96f3-04ddf664d211> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.912107 | 383 | 3.671875 | 4 |
By: Brooke Shelby Biggs
Half the Sky:
In many developing countries, pregnancy may as well be considered a death sentence. With the premiere of Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide just a week away, we felt it was the perfect time to provide a primer of sorts on the various issues highlighted in this special two-night broadcast event. Throughout this next week, Independent Lens will delve into issues ranging from economic empowerment to inter-generational prostitution, linking many of the problems women face today with the solutions outlined in Half the Sky.
Imagine a world where women are treated as second-class citizens, a world where becoming pregnant is dangerous because women have a 1 in 12 chance of dying from giving birth.
No imagination is required in Somaliland, where problems like these are a reality for many women.
Severe bleeding, infections, eclampsia, and obstructed labor are some of the leading causes of maternal deaths in developing
countries. All of these symptoms are increasingly likely with women who have received Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Considered a common traditional practice for many cultures in Somaliland (as well as many areas in the western, eastern, and north-eastern regions of Africa), FGM is commonly performed on girls before they reach puberty. FGM is also performed on women before marriage or during their first pregnancy.
It is estimated that between 100 million and 140 million girls and women worldwide have been subjected to FGC (Female Genital Circumcision). There are more than 3 million girls at risk of forced FGC each year.
Edna Adan, founder of Edna Adan University Hospital in Somaliland, is a women’s health advocate who is against FGM. Known as the Mother Teresa of Somaliland, Edna is a woman who has experienced FGM firsthand. As a midwife and nurse, she has witnessed the pain and damaging effects FGM has caused many of her patients.
In order to raise awareness concerning the health problems that endanger women and children, Edna built University Hospital. By donating her UN pension and other personal assets, Edna has been able to fulfill her goal of building a place that not only takes care of women but also educates them.
In the documentary, Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, author Nicholas Kristof asks a traditional female circumciser the reason why FGM is practiced. According to the circumciser, the tradition is kept in order to maintain the chastity of girls, lower their sexual drive, and keep them under control.
In Half the Sky, Edna Adan says, “Female circumcision is not an Islamic religious obligation. It’s traditional. Our religion Islam does not require it.”
FGM is a growing concern that is affecting the female population across the globe, particularly in countries where an education is difficult to obtain.
Many of the families who keep the FGM tradition alive are not educated. Most of the time, they are unaware of the risks and dangers that come with FGM. By educating individuals about FGM, the decisions they make in their own families and in surrounding communities can change the way women are treated.
To learn more about the FGM practices in Somaliland and other issues that impact maternal mortality, tune in to Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. This two-night broadcast special will premiere on Independent Lens on PBS on October 1 and 2, 2012. | <urn:uuid:805c3308-5cb8-48b6-9c97-a7ec4cc634bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-addressing-maternal-mortality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.967408 | 721 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Personal loans are a type of installment loan used for many different projects and expenses. Theoretically, you can use the proceeds from a personal loan to financing most purchases, but there are some options that are better than others.
Regardless of what you use your personal loan proceeds for, all personal loans charge interest. At its core, interest is the price paid to borrow money. If you take out a loan, you will pay the lender interest until the entire balance is paid off. But, if you open a CD account or deposit funds at the bank, they will pay interest to you for keeping your money with them.
With credit and personal loans, there is a wide range of interest rates you can be charged, so understanding how interest can impact you and your finances is critical.
Today we will discuss how interest rates impact your loan balance and what you can do to mitigate your interest expenses.
Personal Loans 101
A personal loan is a fixed credit line with a defined term and interest rate.
Let’s say you want to finance a landscape improvement project in your backyard to increase your home’s value, and you don’t want to pay for the entire project out of pocket at once.
You can take out a personal loan to pay for the improvements, and you will have a manageable monthly payment for a stated term. If the project costs $8,000, you can take out an $8,000 personal loan with a 10% interest rate and a 24-month term.
This means you have the same monthly payment for two years, and you will 10% in interest over the life of the loan.
Once you make your final payment, the account will close, and you will not need to pay on it anymore.
What is Interest?
As we mentioned earlier, interest is the price paid to borrow money. However, interest rates can vary wildly depending on numerous factors, including your credit score, income, lender, and more.
For example, a mortgage may charge 4% in interest, a credit card may charge 22% in interest, and a payday loan may charge 500% in interest or more.
Since these are very different loans with different structures, it can seem difficult to compare apples to apples. Although 4% on a mortgage seems low compared to 22% on a credit card, that 4% may be on a $300,000 loan which is much more than 22% on a $2,000 credit card balance.
When you are comparing interest rates, make sure you are comparing apples to apples, such as personal loans to other personal loans. This will help you identify an accurate estimate of the interest rates you qualify for.
One of the best ways to save money on interest with personal loans is to be selective and work with reputable lenders. Some lenders do not require any credit or background checks to be approved for a loan, but this practice often comes at the price of a higher interest rate.
Since lenders take on risks whenever they issue a new loan, they need to charge interest accordingly to justify their risk.
Although you can work with a lender who does not check your credit, you may want to work with an online marketplace lender who will check your credit but give you a lower interest rate, especially if you have a solid credit history.
Another benefit of working with an online lending marketplace is choosing from a larger pool of lenders so you can pick the loan that fits your needs best.
Borrow What You Need
Before you fill out your loan application, make a detailed estimate of how much you need to borrow. Whether you are building a new porch or consolidating a handful of credit cards, it’s important to borrow the amount you need to achieve your goals without borrowing too much excess. Borrowing excess money will only incur more interest charges over the life of the loan without providing extra benefits.
One of the most powerful benefits of a personal loan is the ability to consolidate debt from other loans and credit cards at a lower rate into one monthly payment. Imagine you have three or four credit cards with high balances charging a revolving rate of 22%; your balances could quickly balloon to be unmanageable, so consolidating them into one personal loan may be a very effective strategy.
Depending on your credit and eligibility, you could combine all of these balances into a single loan charging 9%-11%, which would cut your interest in half.
Hopefully, you can see the benefits of a personal loan and how you can save money on interest
using a few simple strategies.
If you want to learn more about personal loans and how you can use them effectively, please check out our other guides and reviews!
* This content is not provided by the financial institution or the offer’s provider. Any opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed here are those of the author’s alone, and does not constitute a financial or expert advice. | <urn:uuid:dd31335c-f82d-4c9d-bfd3-63ce8a760c00> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://startsaving.com/personal-loans/tips-for-saving-money-on-interest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.96018 | 1,000 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Social-emotional learning (SEL) helps young people develop leadership qualities. How? Students learn an awareness of their surroundings, self-control, and how to relate to others. These are all skills that are crucial to success in school, life, and the workplace. People who have a strong background in SEL cope better with ordinary obstacles in every facet of life. They are more effective problem solvers and are better able to control negative emotions. In addition, these students learn to set achievable goals.
This blog will discuss project-based learning as just one SEL technique that helps children develop strong leadership skills.
What is Project-based Learning?
Project-based learning is a type of SEL where students learn by participating in a specific project over an extended time period. They learn to solve real-world problems and answer deeper, more complex questions. They demonstrate their competency by creating a product or presentation that displays their deep content knowledge.
How Does Project-based Learning Build Leadership Skills?
Project-based learning teaches meaningful leadership skills as necessary components of completing deep and meaningful projects. Students are forced to take ownership of their part of the project, teaching responsibility for their work and the other members of their team.
To complete the projects, students learn teamwork and practice putting aside differences for a common goal. Students need to be assertive about their own area of expertise in the project, and learn how to communicate this assertiveness healthily. Finally, students develop the ability to take and give constructive criticism that helps move the project along.
These traits of personal responsibility, teamwork, putting aside differences, effective assertiveness, and the ability to take and give constructive criticism are the building blocks of good leaders. They allow students to feel more confident in school and be more successful in the workplace.
Project-based learning is a type of social-emotional learning that looks past the traditional constructs of a classroom. It forces students to take more responsibility, control their emotions, and work together, producing better future leaders in the process. Learn more about how Table SALT Group can guide your Career Pathway with tools for SEL, customize training for your organization or schedule a speaking engagement. | <urn:uuid:7365c7c5-cf7a-4b56-9f7d-7312300dec93> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tablesaltgroup.com/2021/08/17/how-project-based-education-improves-leadership-qualities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.963703 | 444 | 3.96875 | 4 |
In these days of tight budgets and limited funding, NASA is constantly looking for new ways to reduce development time and costs of future spacecraft. This is the driving spirit behind NASA's increasing interest in the CubeSat platform, and the vision that is guiding development and demonstration of higher-risk technologies that can eventually lead to low-cost atmospheric science from CubeSats. For example, a tantalizing next-generation CubeSat system would combine a high-gain deployable antenna with a high-frequency Ka-band transponder to support very high bandwidth communications on the order of 10s of Mbps and/or very high-resolution radiometric remote sensing of atmospheric phenomenon. To address this need, Roccor proposes to develop a Ka-band deployable mesh antenna that can package within a 2U-3U CubeSat volume and deploy to diameters of 0.8-1.5m. The so-called "ROC-Rib" antenna employs a backing structure that is a hybrid wrap-rib/perimeter-truss design. A net supports a reflective mesh while the entire assembly provides the structural depth and surface accuracy needed for Ka-band operation. | <urn:uuid:1286c3ef-c0b8-4404-a703-ae0328d79178> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://techport.nasa.gov/view/34142 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.895213 | 234 | 3.03125 | 3 |
1 Brown Egg nutrition facts form a fascinating cornerstone of our dietary conversations. The humble brown egg is a powerhouse of nutrition, serving a spectrum of vitamins, minerals, and essential proteins. Let’s break the shell and dive deeper into the nutritional wonders packed within brown eggs.
Unlocking the Nutritional Content of Brown Eggs
When we discuss 2 Brown Eggs nutrition facts, we open up a world of nutrient-dense goodness. Brown eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein, contributing to muscle growth and repair. Furthermore, they are brimming with essential nutrients such as Vitamin D, B vitamins, selenium, and choline.
Regarding 2 Brown Eggs calories, a typical large brown egg contains about 70 calories. However, Calories in 1 Brown Egg largely depend on the size and method of preparation. A large brown egg, for example, will have more calories than a smaller one, and a fried egg will have more calories than a boiled or poached egg due to the added fats during cooking.
Brown Cage-Free Eggs: An Ethical and Nutritional Perspective
Discussing the Brown Cage-Free Eggs’ nutrition facts, it is important to note that cage-free or free-range brown eggs often come from hens given better diets, which could marginally improve the nutritional profile of their eggs. They could have slightly higher concentrations of certain nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins, although the difference is usually not substantial.
Large Brown Egg Protein content remains unchanged regardless of whether the eggs are cage-free. The method of raising hens does not significantly impact the protein content of the eggs they lay. However, it can affect the egg’s yolk color and possibly the taste.
Comparing Brown Eggs and White Eggs: A Nutritional Standoff
The question of Brown Eggs being healthier than white eggs is commonly asked. The truth is that the hen’s diet more influences the nutritional content of an egg than the color of the eggshell. The shell color simply corresponds to the breed of the hen that lays it.
When comparing the Large Brown Egg nutrition facts with those of a white egg of the same size, you’ll find that the nutritional content, including protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals, is essentially the same. Whether you choose brown or white eggs, you’re still getting nutrient-dense food that is versatile, affordable, and tasty.
Brown Egg Nutrition Facts Table
|One large egg (50g)||70||5g||6g||1g|
Can we eat brown eggs every day?
Eating brown eggs daily is generally safe as part of a balanced diet. They are high in nutrients and provide a good amount of protein. However, as with all foods, they should be eaten in moderation due to their calorie and fat content, especially if you're mindful of your weight.
Are brown eggs higher in protein?
When it comes to protein content, brown eggs and white eggs are virtually identical. The protein content doesn't vary with the color of the shell but rather with the size of the egg. A large brown egg with more egg white typically contains more protein.
Are brown eggs healthy?
Brown eggs are certainly healthy. They are a source of high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. However, like all foods, they should be eaten as a balanced diet. While they contain cholesterol, current research indicates dietary cholesterol does not have as significant an effect on blood cholesterol levels as once believed.
In conclusion, brown eggs are esteemed in our dietary regimes due to their high nutrient content, including essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals. The color of the eggshell, whether it’s brown or white, doesn’t define the nutritional value of the egg. Instead, the diet and health of the hen lay the egg that determines the nutrient content.
So, the next time you pick up a brown egg, remember its host of nutrients, from high-quality protein to essential vitamins and minerals. And don’t forget that no matter what color your eggs are, they are best enjoyed as part of a balanced and varied diet.
Read also: Avocado Toast with Egg Nutrition Facts | <urn:uuid:949cc550-d167-4871-9a05-8a265ab552ae> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thefoodmenus.net/brown-egg-nutrition-facts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.93618 | 858 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Every human being has a dominant personality archetype, that shapes who they are as a person. But did you know that there are actually 12 different types of personality archetypes? This article is going to delve into detail about all the 12 personality archetypes.
What is an archetype?
The term “archetype” has a Greek origin and is a combination of the word archein, which means “original or old”; and typos, which means “pattern, model, or type”. Together it means the “original pattern” of which all other similar persons, objects, or concepts are derived.
The Swiss psychiatrist psychologist, Carl Gustav Jung, introduced the concept of archetype in his theory of the human psyche. He believed that archetypes (representing universal patterns and images) reside within the collective unconscious of people.
His concepts not only made a significant contribution to mainstream psychology but laid the foundation for both ancient and contemporary works.
What is the origin of these personality archetypes?
According to Jung’s analysis, these personality archetypes exist in the collective unconscious (the source of psychological inheritance) and regulate how humans experience certain things.
Jung believes that the collective unconscious contains the experiences and knowledge that humans share. We tend to inherit these personality archetypes just like we inherit the genetic patterns of behavior.
In his book, The Archetypes And The Collective Unconscious, Carl Jung mentioned that Archetypes represent fundamental human motifs of our experience as we evolved; consequentially, they evoke deep emotions. It is due to these archetypes in the world, that there are so many powerful ideas in history, as per his book The Structure of the Psyche.
Jungian Personality Archetypes
Jung defined twelve personality archetypes that symbolize basic human motivations. As per Jung’s theory, archetypes are inborn tendencies that influence human behavior. Each type has its own set of values, meanings and personality traits.
A study published in Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences identified that a person can have several dominant archetypes in the early youth stage, but one dominant archetype is linked with several personality traits.
Also, the twelve types are divided into three sets of four, namely Ego (conscious mind), Soul, and Self. The types in each set share a common driving source, for example, types within the Ego set are driven to fulfill ego-defined agendas. Understanding each type can give valuable insights into what drives our goals, desires, behaviors, and motivation.
The Ego Types
1. The Innocent
- Motto: Free to be you and me
- Core desire: to get to paradise
- Goal: to be happy
- Greatest fear: to be punished for doing something wrong
- Strategy: to do what is right
- Weakness: boring for all their naive innocence and overly trusting person
- Talent: faith, positive outlook towards life, can uplift others
The Innocent is also known as: Utopian, mystic, romantic, saint, traditionalist, naive, dreamer, and happy-go-lucky.
2. The Orphan/Regular Guy or Gal
- Motto: All men and women are created equal
- Core Desire: to connect with others
- Goal: belonging in the world
- Greatest fear: to be left out or to stand out from the crowd
- Strategy: develop ordinary solid virtues, be down to earth, the common touch, join groups and communities to find a place to fit in
- Weakness: being cynical or losing one’s own self in the quest to fit in or for the sake of superficial relationships
- Talent: realism, honesty, empathy, pragmatic, lack of pretense
- The Regular Person is also known as: The good old boy, the working stiff, the realist, the good neighbor, the solid citizen, or the silent majority.
3. The Hero
- Motto: Where there’s a will, there’s a way
- Core desire: to prove one’s worth through courageous acts
- Goal: expert mastery in a way that improves the world
- Greatest fear: weakness, vulnerability,
- Strategy: to be strong, competent, and stand up for others
- Weakness: arrogance, always needing another battle to fight
- Talent: competence and courage
The Hero is also known as: The warrior, superhero, crusader, rescuer, soldier, dragon slayer, winner, and team player.
4. The Caregiver
- Motto: Love your neighbor as yourself
- Core desire: to protect and care for others
- Goal: to help others
- Greatest fear: selfishness and ingratitude
- Strategy: doing things for others
- Weakness: not able to say no, martyrdom, and being exploited for good nature
- Talent: compassion, generosity
- The Caregiver is also known as: The saint, helper, empath, altruist, parent, compassionate, or supporter.
The Soul Types
5. The Explorer
- Motto: Don’t fence me in
- Core desire: the freedom to find out who you are through exploring the world
- Goal: to experience a better, more fulfilling life in one lifetime
- Biggest fear: getting trapped, conformity, and inner emptiness
- Strategy: travel, experiencing new things, escape from boredom, learn new ideas and philosophies.
- Weakness: aimless wandering, becoming a misfit, inability to stick at things or relationships for too long
- Talent: autonomy, ambition, being true to one’s soul
- The explorer is also known as: The seeker, wanderer, iconoclast, pilgrim, individualist
6. The Rebel
- Motto: Rules are made to be broken
- Core desire: reform or revolution
- Goal: to overturn what isn’t working
- Greatest fear: to be powerless
- Strategy: disrupt, destroy, do things differently,
- Weakness: crossing over to the dark side, crime
- Talent: outrageousness, no hesitation to abandon good traditions to reform, radical freedom,
- The Rebel is also known as: The revolutionary, the misfit, wild man, iconoclast.
7. The Lover
- Motto: You’re the only one
- Core desire: intimacy and experience
- Goal: to be around people and relationships they love
- Greatest fear: unloved, unwanted, being alone,
- Strategy: seek harmony in everything, to become more and more physically and emotionally attractive,
- Weakness: outward-directed desire to please others at risk of losing own identity, hard to deal with conflict
- Talent: passion, diplomacy, gratitude, appreciation, and commitment
- The Lover is also known as: The partner, enthusiast, friend, intimate, sensualist, spouse, team-builder.
8. The Creator
- Motto: Do what you imagine
- Core desire: to create things of enduring value
- Goal: to realize a vision
- Greatest fear: mediocre vision or execution or passive consumer of anything
- Strategy: develop artistic control and skill
- Task: to create culture, express own vision
- Weakness: perfectionism, bad solutions
- Talent: creativity and imagination
- The Creator is also known as: The artist, inventor, innovator, musician, writer or dreamer.
The Self Types
9. The Jester
- Motto: You only live once
- Core desire: to live in the present and enjoy to the fullest
- Goal: to have a great time and lighten up the world
- Greatest fear: being bored or boring others
- Strategy: be funny, play, make jokes
- Weakness: frivolity, wasting time, hide emotions and pain through humor
- Talent: joy, humor
- The Jester is also known as: The fool, trickster, deep soul, or comedian.
10. The Sage
- Motto: The truth will set you free
- Core desire: to seek truth.
- Goal: Understand the world with intelligence
- Biggest fear: being misled—or ignorance.
- Strategy: seek information and knowledge; self-reflection and understanding thought processes, simplify complicated ideas.
- Weakness: can study details forever and never act.
- Talent: wisdom and intelligence.
- The Sage is also known as: The expert, philosopher, scholar, detective, advisor, academic, researcher, professional, mentor, thinker, listener, planner, teacher, and contemplative.
11. The Magician
- Motto: To make things happen.
- Core desire: understanding the fundamental laws of the universe
- Goal: to make dreams come true
- Greatest fear: unintended negative consequences
- Strategy: develop a vision and live by it
- Weakness: becoming manipulative
- Talent: new ways of looking at things, finding win-win solutions,
- The Magician is also known as: The visionary, charismatic leader, catalyst, shaman, healer, inventor, medicine man.
12. The Ruler
- Motto: Power isn’t everything, it’s the only thing.
- Core desire: control
- Goal: create a prosperous, successful family or community
- Strategy: exercise power
- Greatest fear: chaos, being overthrown
- Weakness: being authoritarian, unable to delegate
- Talent: responsibility, leadership
- The Ruler is also known as: The boss, aristocrat, politician, role model, king, leader, queen, manager or administrator.
The Four Cardinal Orientations
As the wheel of personality archetypes shown above illustrates, The Four Cardinal Orientations represent four groups, with each group containing three types.
Each group is motivated by its respective orienting focus: ego-fulfillment, freedom, socialness, and order.
This is a variation on the three groups of personality archetypes previously mentioned.
However, whereas all the types within the Ego, Soul & Self sets all share the same driving source, the types comprising the four orienting groups have different source drives but the same motivating orientation.
For example, the Caregiver is driven by the need to fulfill ego agendas through meeting the needs of others, which is a social orientation; whereas, the Hero, which is also driven by the need to fulfill ego agendas, does so through courageous action that proves self-worth.
Understanding the groupings will aid in understanding the motivational and self-perceptual dynamics of each type.
These 12 personality archetypes guide us to understand our motivations, strengths, and weaknesses and prioritize and achieve our goals. Also, it helps in understanding the behavior of our close ones and others.
So, which archetype goes with your personality? Comment and let us know.
Want to know more about the Jungian personality archetypes? Check this video out below! | <urn:uuid:b975420e-b87d-4b55-943f-b3b955b12890> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://themindsjournal.com/the-12-different-personality-archetypes-and-what-you-must-know-about-each-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.902787 | 2,276 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Winds that blow steadily from east to west and toward the equator over most of the Torrid Zone. The trade winds are caused by hot air rising at the equator, with cool air moving in to take its place from the north and from the south. The winds are deflected westward because of the Earth's west-to-east rotation.
- prevailing winds
Trade-winds Is Also Mentioned In | <urn:uuid:dda80c54-fa3d-4ef5-9aca-680a0316ca97> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/trade-winds | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.923158 | 87 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Parenting is one of the most difficult jobs that comes with very little advanced training. Good parenting should include developing key life skills in children. In my 35 years of experience, I have noticed an increase in a parenting style that is highly accommodating to children, providing them too many choices that may give them unrealistic views of the world. As we think about parenting for life skills, it is important to think about what skills children need to exist independently from parents in society. Let’s first consider some societal trends.
In the late 1960s, there was a strong movement to promote self-esteem in children. On the surface, this seemed like an excellent idea, but it has morphed in a negative direction. For example, to protect self-esteem, parents often avoid disappointing children and work very hard to meet their every need. This does not give children the opportunity to learn how to deal with disappointment, frustration and receive corrective feedback about what they’re doing to help them improve. While children should be given some choices, being too accommodating can lead to a sense of entitlement. In my experience, this overly accommodating parenting style gives an unrealistic view of how they will be treated as adults. I am not suggesting that parents adopt a “tough love” approach to parenting. Rather, parenting does need to consider the needs of children, just not in a way that blocks their ability to develop key life skills.
Children need to learn how to tolerate frustration, deal with disappointment and realize the world does not always revolve around their needs only. A good example of this could be a parent who makes three different meals for dinner because three different children prefer different foods. Food allergies aside, parents should provide healthy meal options, but not be overly accommodating by producing multiple menus of food. To do so would give a message that your child should be catered to and to have their every need met. Children should also learn about the value of volunteering for needy causes, making charitable donations, being helpful to others all with the goal of doing their part to make the world a better place. In order to combat a sense of entitlement that many children have, children need to understand that privileges and special opportunities need to be earned.
What should parents do?
Understand that other than basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter, privileges and special opportunities should be earned not granted.
Realize that it is okay to disappoint your children since doing so counteracts self-centeredness and entitlement.
Be compassionate and understanding yet don’t over cater to their needs.
Use access to privileges (cell phone, gaming and internet access) as a reward for completing responsibilities (homework, household chores, and important family activities)
Develop a strong work ethic by promoting the importance of effort to achieve success in activities such as sports, performance or academics.
Develop healthy habits that include food intake and exercise habits via sport or other activities.
Promote the growth mindset in children by emphasizing that most experiences in life (good or bad) are learning opportunities that help children improve their skills.
Expect and reward honesty, mutual respect and empathy.
Encourage gratefulness since this increases the chance of happiness later in life.
The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and is not intended to treat any person or condition. Seek professional services if treatment is needed.
Michael D. Zito, Ph.D. is a licensed psychologist (#3599) with offices in Warren and Morristown. He practices clinical and sport psychology with children through adults and can be reached at MichaelZitoPhD@yahoo.com Dr. Zito welcomes your questions and ideas for future articles. | <urn:uuid:a9d0df44-c4c0-4b2d-a2cb-973704e2dc1e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://theshowcasemagazine.net/showcasenew/warren_edition/articles/family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.96243 | 746 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Russia is waging a war of aggression against Ukraine. Israel defends itself against Hamas terrorist attacks. It is said that all states and parties involved are committing war crimes. From regular table conversations to media reports: terms are used that seemingly everyone understands. But there is often dangerous half-knowledge.
1. What is war? In international law we speak of war when participating states or groups officially declare and announce it to each other. As a result, wars end with ceasefires that are as formal as peace treaties. But that’s only part of the truth. In the US, for example, parliament is responsible for declaring war. However, as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, the President can order U.S. military operations anywhere in the world at any time.
I am George Kunkel, an author working for Today Times Live. I specialize in opinion pieces and cover stories that are both informative and thought-provoking – helping to shape public discourse on key issues. My work is regularly featured across the network’s many platforms, including print media and social media. | <urn:uuid:b0fd8f26-4923-4510-b55b-c0976f4e9a56> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://todaytimeslive.com/opinion/436272.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.966778 | 219 | 2.703125 | 3 |
To determine the process of population expansion and ascertain the origin of the Sea of Japan population, in a noxious red tide forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, 13 samples, isolated from 11 different localities in Japanese and Korean coasts, were analysed using 10 polymorphic microsatellites. Analyses by nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots of pairwise F ST, global amova, and genetic admixture analysis identified three clusters - the Sea of Japan populations, Yatsushiro Sea (Kumamoto Pref.) populations, and other populations - indicating genetic structuring of the 13 samples into three distinct populations. In the proportion of shared alleles by pairwise individuals (PSAxy) analyses between the Sea of Japan and the other samples, PSAxy was extremely low compared with that among the Sea of Japan or among other samples, indicating that a large genetic barrier has occurred between the populations. No significant relationship of isolation-by-distance patterns and almost no genetic distance were detected between pairwise samples of the Sea of Japan, although there is a maximal distance of > 600 km between samples. In addition, PSAxy data among the samples were extremely high compared with those among other samples, clearly showing that a large-scale transfer from west to east has occurred via the Tushima Warm Current. In the PSAxy data of the Seto Inland Sea and Pacific samples, individuals showing relatively high PSAxy were concentrated in the three areas of Nagasaki, Harima, and Mie, suggesting that frequent transfer may have occurred by human-assisted dispersal, although Nagasaki and Mie are separated by a distance of approximately 700 km.
- Cochlodinium polykrikoides
- Genetic structure | <urn:uuid:013448af-140d-48c3-bd03-f7889cb33880> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tohoku.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/genetic-structuring-and-transfer-of-marine-dinoflagellate-cochlod | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.928485 | 360 | 2.828125 | 3 |
School is back in session! As the kids break in their new pencils, notebooks, and backpacks, it’s only fair that we give you some homework too! Have no fear, there are no pop quizzes here. Just some simple tips for back-to-school energy savings.
For parents, teachers, and children, this can be a hectic time and we want to show you how easy it can be to incorporate energy savings into your day. In this article, we have summed up some quick and easy ways you can lower your energy bills without any added stress. Energy efficiency is easier than you think and can greatly influence your home’s energy bills. So, take your seat and get ready for a lesson in energy savings 101!
Adjust Your Thermostat
We all have trouble playing the thermostat game over the course of the changing seasons. One day, it can feel like summer, and the next, it’s a crisp, fall day. Keep an eye on your thermostat so you are not unnecessarily cooling or heating your home throughout the day.
Investing in a programmable thermostat may be the ticket for monitoring your system based on the temperature outside. You can even control some thermostats on your phone, giving you greater control over your energy usage even when you aren’t home.
Use Your Refrigerator Better
We are all for getting the kids in the kitchen to help. However, opening and closing the fridge when packing lunches can waste energy. While packing lunches is an affordable meal option, wasted energy from the fridge can counteract your savings.
When putting lunches together, try taking out all your ingredients at once, closing the fridge, and only opening and putting everything away once complete. You will be surprised how much this small change can make a difference in your energy bill.
Unplug Your Devices
With the kids at school, there’s no sense leaving devices plugged in and sitting idle all day. While the kids are at school and anytime they are not using them, have your kids unplug their electronic devices.
Sometimes, getting into a habit is half the battle. But once they’re used to this routine, it will become second nature. If devices do need to be charged when they are not in use or overnight, try leaving yourself a note to unplug them once the charge is complete. Even a few unplugged hours can make a difference.
Get the Kids Involved in After-School Activities
Even as adults, with idle time, we tend to flip on the TV and pick up our phones. The same goes for kids! If kids are home and bored, they are more likely to utilize their devices for easy fun. Try encouraging your kids to get outdoors or participate in group activities.
Joining an after-school group, sports team, or study session allows kids to get involved in a new outlet. Not to mention the many social benefits of getting to know classmates, teammates, and hopefully, new friends. Books, board games, coloring, and homework are also great ways for kids to utilize their time at home.
Purchase ENERGY STAR Products
When you are in the market for a new appliance or device, stick to ENERGY STAR products. These products are of the highest quality and designed with energy savings in mind. While an initial investment can be tough to rationalize, the savings are well worth the cost in the long run.
We wish you a wonderful school year filled with learning and lots of fun!
To learn more about UGI EnergyLink, check out visit our website. | <urn:uuid:4f75d2b0-4894-4ff5-b204-353757835434> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ugienergylink.com/back-to-school-energy-saving-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.942715 | 743 | 2.546875 | 3 |
What is the effect of strengthening the science curriculum in secondary school on the probability that boys and girls graduate in STEM majors at university? In “STEM Graduates and Secondary School Curriculum: Does Early Exposure to Science Matter?” Marta De Philippis studies the introduction of an advanced science course targeting students at the top of the grade distribution in UK secondary schools and how it affects future work in STEM.
De Philippis finds that taking five more hours per week of science classes significantly increases the probability of enrolling and, very importantly, of graduating from university with a STEM degree, even for these very high-ability students.
However, the effect on STEM masks a substantial gender difference—at age 14, when exposed to the option of studying more science in secondary school, there is no gender difference, and girls and boys both participate. At age 17, there is still little difference. The difference arises later on, at university, when subject choices are likely to be correlated with future occupations and jobs. Both young men and women are induced to take more challenging courses on average, but women still choose more female-dominated—mostly non-STEM—subjects.
This result suggests that increasing preparation in STEM subjects, and providing more signals of individuals’ ability in science before they choose their university degree is not effective by itself in reducing the gender gap in STEM. In this context, a more useful policy, in line with the existing literature, would probably be to focus on jobs characteristics or on the formation of stereotypes.
Read the study in the Journal of Human Resources: “STEM Graduates and Secondary School Curriculum: Does Early Exposure to Science Matter?” by Marta De Philippis.
Marta De Philippis is a researcher at the Bank of Italy and a research associate at the Centre of Economic Performance, London School of Economics (@martadph). | <urn:uuid:6cfab64a-0f11-499b-92a3-627a9d24a359> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://uwpress.wisc.edu/jhr-news/?p=1124 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.938081 | 381 | 2.828125 | 3 |
What is Information Technology and Virtual Reality?
Students in this program become fluent in a new computer programming language, learn the latest technology using hardware PCs and VR headsets, and create their own video games.
- VRCA 1 (Digital Information Technology)
This course is designed to provide a basic overview of current business and information systems and trends, and to introduce students to fundamental skills required for today’s business and academic environments. Emphasis is placed on developing fundamental computer skills. The intention of this course is to prepare students to be successful both personally and professionally in an information-based society. Digital Information Technology includes the exploration and use of databases, the internet, spreadsheets, presentation applications, management of personal information and email, word processing and document manipulation, HTML, web page design, and the integration of these programs using software that meets industry standards.
- VRCA 2/3 (VR & Game Design)
This course is designed to provide an introduction to game and simulation concepts and careers, the impact game and simulation has on society and industry, and basic game/simulation design concepts such as rule design, play mechanics, and media integration. This course compares and contrasts games and simulations, key development methodologies and tools, careers, and industry-related information. This course also covers strategies, processes, and methods for conceptualizing a game or simulation application, storyboarding techniques and development tools.
Eligibility Requirements and Application
AP Capstone Requirements:
- 2.5 unweighted GPA in core courses
- 2.0 average GPA in conduct
- No more than 10 unexcused absences or 20 tardies in the previous year
- Honors Physical Science
- Honors Algebra I
**Students can earn Honors Algebra I and Honors Physical Science credits on Florida Virtual School. In order to meet eligibility requirements, please mail (firstname.lastname@example.org) or fax (305-386-8987) proof of registration from the FLVS to Felix Varela Senior High School. | <urn:uuid:4664c6d0-d6ef-4e88-b703-c188fddb0a0b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://varelahighschool.net/information-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.885352 | 417 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Scientist Ronald Clarke of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa recently classified a new species of early human, according to New Scientist. Clarke analyzed a 3.67 million-year-old skeleton fossil (nicknamed “Little Foot”) that he discovered in 1994 in the Sterkfontein Cave in South Africa, and found that it had several characteristics that did not fit into the classification Australopithecus africanus—a group of hominins that includes famed fossil “Lucy.” Instead, Clarke argues that Little Foot is an entirely new species (A. prometheus) based on factors such as distinctive bone structure and its plant-based diet. “There are many, many differences, not only in the skull but also in the rest of the skeleton,” Clarke said. “A. africanus was more omnivorous.” Clarke also identified Little Foot as an elderly female that had longer legs than arms—an indicator of bipedalism. Four scientific papers about Clarke’s discovery are currently under peer review. | <urn:uuid:2a3f18cf-b585-498b-a491-af8176b00ef9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vegnews.com/2018/12/scientists-discover-37-million-year-old-vegan-fossil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.96471 | 226 | 3.734375 | 4 |
$60M PROGRAM jointly funded with CEPI
We need a global network of RNA biofoundries.
In one of the greatest scientific accomplishments of our generation, mRNA technology has demonstrated the ability to change the timeline for developing and delivering a new vaccine from years to months. And the entire world was witness to that demonstration. The development of an mRNA- based vaccine for COVID-19 took just 63 days from release of the virus sequence to first dosing in humans, leading to accelerated clinical trials, and ultimately billions of doses manufactured.
The scale of this on-going achievement was made possible because RNA technology shifts the most difficult and complex parts of manufacturing— the key proteins needed for a vaccine—to the natural bioreactor that is the human body. This shift meant the mRNA vaccine could deliver the instructions for how to make the antigen, or spike protein, needed to train our immune systems rather than the antigen itself. The development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) ensured that instructions would arrive intact to our cells – a critical element of the mRNA vaccine delivery and effectiveness.
Such success is catalyzing increased investments in RNA-based products; however, the discovery and development of these products is still subject to the same limitations chronically afflicting biologics: difficult access to current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) material for clinical trials as well as long and large investments (4-8 years and $300 -$500 million dollars) in bespoke, manufacturing processes at dedicated facilities. This limits innovation and creates prohibitive production costs.
These limitations bear similarities with the limitations faced by the semiconductor industry at the end of the 1970s. In the twenty years following the invention of the first integrated circuit in the late 1950s, the design of semiconductor-based products was almost exclusively confined to a handful of large, vertically integrated companies that could afford the investments required by customized ISO-certified manufacturing processes. And designing a new semiconductor-based product was limited to employees within those companies.
Then, in the decade after 1978, the number of new start-ups more than tripled – tens to dozens of new semiconductor start-ups. The decoupling of design from fabrication and the parametric abstraction of fabrication processes made it possible for a greater number and diversity of people to design integrated circuits and enabled any of these designs to be fabricated at any of a multiplicity of fabrication sites at scale and seamlessly. Since then, continued process improvements, the emergence of different lines for different classes of products, and optimization of production load balancing, has led to new speed and vibrancy in the ecosystem, further fueling additional breakthroughs.
“The application of mRNA to emergency vaccine development has achieved extraordinary validation through the response to COVID-19.
We need to optimize the core technology, accelerate development and manufacturing timelines, and ensure equitable access. R3 is dedicated to achieving these ends for vaccines and beyond.”
— Richard Hatchett, CEO of CEPI | <urn:uuid:610c398d-9b72-4464-9def-b25da9b600a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wellcomeleap.org/r3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.943275 | 607 | 3.0625 | 3 |
At Stanford University, you’ll find a Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education. Every year, they hold a "Compassion Week" (November 10-16 this year, if you were curious) with a number of events, including a conference on the science of compassion. At this conference, experts from all over will gather to discuss their latest research and scientific findings in the areas of compassion, empathy, and altruism.
If you’re wondering why an esteemed university, as well as leading neuroscientists from across the country, are interested in studying the science behind compassion, it’s because empathy has fascinating effects on the brain, and in turn, our overall health. For example, were you aware that the pleasure centers of our brain experience the exact same amount of activity when we’re giving gifts as when we’re receiving them? That’s right… giving makes you feel good!
Kindness and compassion don’t only positively affect us. It also affects the people around us. Numerous studies have indicated that “kindness” boosts attraction levels for potential mates, and when we help others, it can create an emotional response and similar behavior in the people around us. This is why people tend to do charity work in groups, or tend to give more when they see someone else give first. All of this benefits our society as a whole.
But what about our health? Compassionate living has a marked effect on our level of happiness, and studies have shown that happiness often has a direct link to quality and length of life. A study conducted at the University of Michigan found that among the elderly, those who were more helpful tended to live longer and feel happier. Of course, it’s not all ambiguous. Other studies have shown that social and well-liked people have better immune systems and get sick less often. On the flip side, feeling disconnected or separated from other people leads to effects similar to those seen in smokers or medically obese patients.
Yet another health bonus: in studies of happiness levels, people who lived lives full of pampering and purchasing showed higher levels of inflammation than those who lived lives they described as “purposeful.” This has been related to possible stress levels. People who live lives full of “stuff” are often worried about losing their lifestyle, while people who live more to help others receive pleasure from the work they do either way.
Many people operate under the idea that altruism and helpfulness is foreign to human beings, but the science says otherwise. When observing infants, scientists have found that toddlers and small children often automatically engage in helpful behavior. If they are being hurtful and are told to modify their behavior by an adult, they will often comply quickly and then maintain the modified behavior. Children as young as two have been observed to experience pleasure when sharing or giving treats to others.
As we can plainly see, the benefits of compassion are numerous and incredibly good for our health. For those struggling with depression or other mood imbalances, participating in altruistic behavior along with leading a healthier lifestyle can make vast improvements in their mood.
Try it for yourself! | <urn:uuid:e4d8a5fc-c199-4086-b77f-03c1b33dac93> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wheatgrasslove.com/blogs/the-wheatgrasslove-blog/heres-why-having-compassion-is-great-for-your-mood-and-even-better-for-your-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.96763 | 652 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Taking regular, five-minute breaks at work can help you relax and recharge, something that makes your work more productive and focused. When you’re taking a break from learning and concentrating, you allow time for your brain to make the right connections between what it’s observing and what you already know. As a result, even while you’re taking a break, certain brain regions are working hard to solve problems and understand new concepts.
Now that’s clear that you should take five-minute breaks at work, let’s see what can you do with these breaks.
Read or speed read your favorite media or author
Unwind your mind by reading something unrelated to your work. It could be an entertaining post online or an article in your favorite magazine or journal. Even if it’s a longer piece of writing, you can still read it in five minutes, if you know how to speed read.
Organize your desk and have a healthy snack
Take five minutes to organize your desk or files in order of priority, and while you’re doing that, eat an apple or another fruit of your choice. Seeing your desk all cleaned up and tidy will help you focus when you return to work after your five-minute break ends.
Talk with a colleague
Sharing a joke with a colleague who is also taking a break can take your mind off work and relieve some of your stress through laughter.
Take a walk outside or go up and down the stairs rather than using the elevator
Take a brief, brisk walk outside. In the five minutes you have for your break you can walk about 500 to 600 meters at a moderate pace. That’s enough to get your body re-energized and your mind de-fogged.
Do a breathing exercise or stretch at your desk
If you don’t want to stray far away from your desk, try doing some stretching or breathing exercises while at it. It will make you feel lighter and will relieve any tension in your neck and shoulders.
Remember to take a break instead of pushing yourself harder. A series of five minute breaks at work will improve your focus and your productivity and help you become better at what you do!
Have something to add to this story? Share it in the comments | <urn:uuid:2a91a5e8-7071-4285-b76e-d13d114b34e4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.7speedreading.com/how-to-make-the-most-of-a-five-minute-break/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.939569 | 469 | 2.546875 | 3 |
During the pandemic, cancer patients undergoing treatment or participating in clinical trials at The University of Kansas Cancer Center (KU Cancer Center) don’t have to worry about whether they can get a test for the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The center’s research arm stepped up to allow patients to join a study that provided the test in recent weeks and covered its cost. It is just one of the many ways the center is working to fight the pandemic.
Roy Jensen, MD, director of the KU Cancer Center, said coronavirus testing is especially important for cancer patients.
“These patients have a higher risk of becoming infected, and the subsequent symptoms can be more severe if they are,” Jensen noted. “Many of the treatments for cancer also can suppress the immune system, which needs to be at full strength to combat the virus. Since it’s becoming clear that asymptomatic patients can be carriers of the virus, testing is now more critical than ever.”
Testing is now available as a standard procedure for cancer center patients through the University of Kansas Health System. Prior to tests being available through the health system, more than 500 cancer patients received coronavirus tests at no cost to them because of a clinical trial conducted through the research arm of the KU Cancer Center.
To access the test, patients could opt into a registry that tracked the COVID-19 test results and the cancer-treatment timeline of patients testing positive for COVID-19. The cancer center’s research budget paid for the cost of the test.
Clinical trial participants who tested positive for COVID-19 had discussions with their physician and treatment team to determine best next steps. They weighed the risks of treating the patient who was COVID-19 positive versus delaying treatment until the patient recovered from COVID-19. The study offered follow-up testing until the clinical trial participant tested negative.
The center also is participating in three registries currently tracking how COVID-19 affects individuals with cancer and run by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO); the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium, led by Vanderbilt University; and a local KU Cancer Center registry developed by Dr. Weijing Sun. A fourth registry is slated to open later this spring through the National Cancer Institute.
The KU Cancer Center also has been helping efforts during the pandemic by providing a template for the center, the University of Kansas Health System, and the University of Kansas Medical Center to work together on COVID-19 clinical research. Members of the three organizations saw the need to meet regularly and create avenues for research cooperation for the patients’ benefit.
“If people aren’t coming in for their clinical trial appointments, they are getting called to see why they’re not coming in,” said Natalie Streeter, MSN, executive director of clinical research, strategy, and operations at the KU Cancer Center. “Are they not coming in because they’re sick, or because they’re scared and worried about leaving the house? We tell them coming in is still in your best interest, because cancer is not waiting for the pandemic to be over.”
Edited by Gary Cramer | <urn:uuid:2aa57d4e-e42f-42c2-b3e5-d23e09318afd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.acrpnet.org/2020/05/university-shares-tactics-for-protecting-cancer-patients-and-trial-participants-amidst-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.949898 | 673 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful telescope ever built. It is designed to see the universe in infrared light, allowing it to see objects that are too faint or too distant to be seen by other telescopes.
One of the challenges of using the JWST is that it will generate a vast amount of data. In its first year of operation, the telescope is expected to generate about 100 terabytes of data. This data will need to be processed and analyzed in order to extract the scientific information that it contains.
AI is being used to help with this task. AI algorithms are being developed to automatically identify objects in the data, classify them, and measure their properties. This will allow scientists to quickly and easily access the necessary information.
AI is also being used to help design new instruments for the JWST. AI algorithms are being used to simulate the performance of new instruments and to identify the best design for a given task. This will help to ensure that the JWST is able to make the most of its capabilities.
The use of AI is essential to the success of the JWST. By automating tasks that would otherwise be time-consuming and labor-intensive, AI will allow scientists to focus on the most important aspects of their work. This will help the JWST to make new and exciting discoveries about the universe.
Here are some specific examples of how AI is being used with the JWST:
AI is being used to identify and classify galaxies in the early universe. This is a challenging task, as the galaxies are very faint and distant. However, AI algorithms have been able to successfully identify and classify these galaxies, providing new insights into the formation of galaxies and the evolution of the universe.
AI is being used to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. This is another challenging task, as the atmospheres of exoplanets are very faint. However, AI algorithms have been able to successfully detect the presence of water vapor and other molecules in the atmospheres of some exoplanets, providing new evidence that these planets may be habitable.
AI is being used to study the composition of comets. This is a valuable task, as comets are thought to be remnants of the early solar system. AI algorithms have been able to successfully identify the presence of various molecules in comets, providing new insights into the formation of the solar system.
These are just a few examples of how AI is being used with the JWST. As the telescope continues to operate, AI is expected to play an even greater role in helping scientists to extract the scientific information that it contains. | <urn:uuid:03ba3b5f-1acc-45f1-9852-87edf9d80eb2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ai-hive.net/post/how-ai-is-helping-nasa-s-james-webb-space-telescope | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.953266 | 536 | 3.984375 | 4 |
Rapid Communication - Hematology and Blood Disorders (2022) Volume 5, Issue 2
Understanding the epidemiology and diagnosis of Von Willebrand disease.
Department of Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Karnataka, India
- *Corresponding Author:
- Kalyani Dubarthi
Department of Medicine
Father Muller Medical College
E-mail: kalyanidub@ gmail.com
Received: 06-Apr-2021, Manuscript No. AAHBD-22- 59717; Editor assigned: 08-Apr-2022, PreQC No. AAHBD-22- 59717 (PQ); Reviewed: 22-Apr-2022, QC No AAHBD-22- 59717; Revised: 25-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. AAHBD-22- 59717 (R); Published: 02-May-2022, DOI:10.35841/aahbd-5.2.110
Citation: Dubarthi K. Understanding the epidemiology and diagnosis of Von Willebrand disease. Hematol Blood Disord. 2022;5(2):110
Most commonly inherited bleeding disorder, first described in Aland Islands by Erik von Willebrand. It occurs as a result of decrease in plasma levels or defect in von Willebrand factor which is a large multimeric glycoprotein. Monomers of this glycoprotein undergo N-glycosylation to form dimers which get arranged to give multimers. Binding with plasma proteins (especially factor VIII) is the main function of von Willebrand factor. The disease is of two forms: Inherited and acquired forms. Inherited forms are of three major types. They are type 1, type 2, and type 3; in which type 2 is sub-divided into 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N. Type 1 is more prevalent than all other types. Mucocutaneous bleeding is mild in type 1 whereas it is mild to moderate in types 2A, 2B, and 2M. Type 2N has similar symptoms of haemophilia. The pathophysiology of each type depends on the qualitative or quantitative defects in von Willebrand factor. The diagnosis is based on von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor activity assay, FVIII coagulant activity and some other additional tests. Results should be analyzed within the context of blood group. Von Willebrand factor multimer analysis is essential for typing and sub typing the disease. The management of the disease involves replacement therapy, non-replacement therapy and other therapies that include antifibrinolytics and topical agents .
When a blood vessel is injured and starts bleeding, platelets together with some clotting factors form a plug at the region of injury. As a result, the blood vessel stops bleeding. The plasma protein which allows or helps the platelets to stick with each other and form a clump is the von Willebrand factor (VWF). It also carries factor VIII. When there is a decrease in plasma levels or defect in the von Willebrand factor, the ability of the blood to clot decreases leading to a heavy and continuous bleeding after an injury which is termed as von Willebrand disorder or disease (VWD). This may cause internal organ damage and rarely may lead to death .
VWD is the most commonly inherited bleeding disorder. Although it is a form of haemophilia which is also a clotting disorder, haemophilia is mostly due to the deficiency of clotting factors. For instance, haemophilia A is due to factor VIII deficiency and haemophilia B is due factor IX deficiency. VWD is milder and common when compared to haemophilia.
Von Willebrand factor
Von willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric glycoprotein present in plasma. It is synthesized in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelium, α-granules of platelets (megakaryocytes) and sub-endothelial connective tissue.
Functions: As already mentioned, the specific domains present in it are responsible for its functions. The main function is to bind with plasma proteins, especially factor VIII and coagulate blood. Factor VIII in its inactive state binds to VWF in the circulation. If it is unbound, it rapidly degrades. When VWF is exposed in endothelium during an injury to blood vessel, it binds to collagen. When coagulation is stimulated, the platelet receptors get activated. VWF binds to these activated receptors. VWF binds to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) receptor when it forms a complex with glycoprotein IX (GPIX) and glycoprotein V (GPV). This occurs when there is a rapid flow in narrow blood vessels. Studies show that VWF uncoils and decelerate platelets under these conditions .
Catabolism: A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS-13), a plasma metalloprotease breaks down VWF between tyrosine at position 842 and methionine at position 843 in A2 domain. As a consequence, the multimers are broken into smaller subunits which can be degraded by other peptidases
The disease prevalence is about only 1%. More often, it can be detected in women based on the bleeding tendency during menstruation. The disease may be severe in people with ‘O’ blood group. Type 1 includes 60%-80% of the cases. Type 2 includes 20-30%. Type 3 accounts for less than 5% of all the cases. Acquired VWD occurs most often in individuals over 40 years with no prior bleeding history.
These are of two forms. They are: Inherited forms and acquired form. Hereditary forms include three major types and a platelet type. The three major forms are type 1, type 2, and type 3. The international society of thrombosis and homeostasis has classified VWD based on the definition of qualitative and quantitative defects. According to this classification, type 2 VWD is again classified into four different types like type 2A, type 2B, type 2M and type 2N.
It is an inherited disease where the parent carrying the gene may or may not be symptomatic. Type 1 and type 2 are inherited if the gene is passed on to the offspring from either of the parent. Type 3 is inherited only if the gene is passed from both the parents. Acquired VWD is seen in patients with auto antibodies.
Children with VWD may have symptoms that are different from those of parent carrying the gene. It is the bleeding disorder that is commonly seen in women. Menorrhagia is seen in more than 70% of women with VWD and a half suffers from dysmenorrheal. Different types of von Willebrand diseases have varying degrees of bleeding tendencies (nose bleeding, bleeding gums, easy bruising). Individual with type 3 VWD have a severe internal and joint bleeding, but this is very rare condition.
Typically type 1 VWD manifests mild mucocutaneous bleeding. Most common symptoms include bruising and epistaxis. Women experience a heavy menstrual bleeding in reproductive age and a heavy blood loss during delivery. If the VWF levels are lower than 15 IU/dl, the disease symptoms can be more severe. Type 2A VWD individuals usually manifest mild to moderate mucocutaneous bleeding. Whereas type 2B VWD typically have mild to moderate mucocutaneous bleeding. Thrombocytopenia may be observed which becomes worsened during stress (severe infection/surgery/pregnancy/ if desmopressin is used). Like type 2B individuals, type 2M VWD also typically has mild to moderate mucocutaneous bleeding. When there is a low or absent VWF:RCo, the episodes of bleeding can be severe. Type 2N VWD symptoms are similar to those of mild hemophilia A which includes excessive bleeding at the time of surgery. Acquired VWD individuals also present with mild to moderate bleeding .
Type 1 and type 2 people do not have major bleeding problems. Hence, the early diagnosis is difficult. Whereas, early diagnosis is easy in type 3 people as they have severe bleeding problems since infancy. The diagnosis is established based on the personal and/or family history of abnormal bleeding and diagnostic test results. The screening tests like bleeding time and platelet function analyzer (PFA-100®, Dade Behring, Deerfield, I11) are less sensitive. Diagnosis is mainly based on VWF activity assay (VWF:RCo), reduced VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), and FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C). The various tests that are included in the diagnosis of VWD are: Bleeding history, total blood count, VWD profile testing (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, FVIII:C), ABO blood group. Optional tests if initial test results suggest VWD include: VWF multimer analysis, VWF: CBA, VWF: FVIIIB, RIPA, Genetic tests .
- Orstavik KH, Magnus P, Resiner H, et al. Factor VIII and factor IX in a twin population: Evidence for a major effect of ABO locus on factor VIII level. Am J Hum Genet. 1985;37:89–101.
- Favaloro EJ. Detection of von Willebrand disorder and identification of qualitative von Willebrand factor defects: Direct comparision of commercial ELISAbased von Willebrand factor activity options. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;114:608–18.
- Keeney S, Bowen D, Cumming A. The molecular analysis of von Willebrand disease: A guideline from UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation Haemophilia Genetics Laboratory Network. Haemophilia. 2008;14:1099–111.
- Mannucci PM, Ruggeri ZM, Pareti FI, et al. 1-Deamino-8- d-arginine vasopressin: A new pharmacological approach to the management of haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. Lancet. 1977;1:869–72
- Zwischenberger JB, Brunston RL, Jr, Swann JR, et al. Comparision of two topical collagen-based haemostatic sponges during cardiothoracic procedures. J Invest Surg. 1999;12:101–6 | <urn:uuid:817be6d8-d3a5-4193-beea-714c301bb17f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/understanding-the-epidemiology-and-diagnosis-of-von-willebrand-disease-20804.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.89431 | 2,227 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Polytunnels are an increasingly common sight on an allotment. They are a cheaper and larger alternative to greenhouses, and without the problems associated with broken glass.
Step By Step Video
The advantages of using a polytunnel include easier germination in spring and a longer growing season. They are especially good for mediterranean vegetables like tomatoes, chillies, aubergines, peppers, and cucumbers. These are vegetables that are relatively slow growing and ripen at the end of summer, and if growing outdoors, the final harvest can be greatly reduced by poor weather.
By contrast, the heat of a polytunnel accelerates their growth bringing forward the first harvest, and often improves the quality of the fruit (eg tomatoes are sweeter and chillies are hotter). The protected environment means that the length of the harvest can extend into October.
In addition, at the start of the growing season, a polytunnel provides a protected environment for frost sensitive plants. Compared to the amount of windowsill space, or even room inside a conservatory or greenhouse, polytunnels provide more space. This creates the opportunity to grow more plants, and reduces the need to constantly move plants around where optimal growing space is limited.
Polytunnels are not normally heated, and at night the air inside is not much warmer than the outside temperature. However, plants are protected from cold rain and wind, and this can make all the difference in keeping plants alive. Polytunnels quickly warm up in the morning as soon as sunlight starts shining through the plastic, making any periods of cold much shorter.
You may like to see my YouTube video introduction on what to grow in a polytunnel.
Below is a list of things to consider based on my personal experience using a polytunnel at my allotment:
My polytunnel is the most productive space on my allotment. I harvest more per metre of space than anywhere else on my plot. This means that I have no regrets about dedicating a significant growing space to a polytunnel. Over the years I have grown aubergines, chillies, cucumbers, melon, cucamelon, sweet peppers, tomatillos, inca berries, and above all else, tomatoes. Polytunnels are ideal spaces for growing tomatoes, making the harvest season almost twice as long and the fruit taste better.
Polytunnels are inherently strong owing to their aerodynamic shape, steel tubing, and tough cover. Nevertheless, they will be damaged if objects fly into them during strong wind (for example branches from trees, stray objects like water butts, shed roofs, or garden incinerators), or if there is a weakness from poor construction.
However, the biggest consideration on my plot is heat. On summer days, my polytunnel gets very warm, often over 50 °C. By chance, my polytunnel receives the morning sun, but by mid afternoon, is partially shaded by trees. I think this has benefited my plants by reducing temperatures in the afternoon (and the need to water). A polytunnel that receives the sun all day long will require excellent ventilation and watering for the plants (more below).
The warmth inside a polytunnel is a great feature in spring and autumn, but in the middle of summer, this feature becomes a problem with the capability to kill plants either from extreme heat or dehydration. The most common solution is ventilation, where hot air is quickly dispersed from inside the polytunnel, preventing a build up of heat. This can be achieved at each end of the polytunnel by opening doors, or along the side of the polytunnel by lifting up panels.
The best solution for a particularly location will vary according to what will be grown inside a polytunnel, the amount of direct sunlight, and how exposed the site is to strong winds (increasing ventilation can have the unintended consequence of weakening the structure). This is something to discuss with a polytunnel supplier. On my allotment, my preferred solution is to have large doors at both ends of the tunnel, but without movable side panels.
The covers of polytunnels are made from polythene, and the quality of the cover is crucial. The cover needs to be UV stabilised to prevent sunlight damaging the cover. Where the cover passes over the steel poles, the cover needs to be protected from the heat of the poles themselves. Stretching the cover tightly to minimise movement in wind, and securely fixing the cover to the frame (or buried into the ground) is essential to prolong the life of the polytunnel.
Inside my polytunnel, my preference is to grow plants in large pots and containers. At the end of a growing season, this makes it easy to tidy everything away, and recycle the compost to avoid the build up of disease in the soil. Other people prefer to create fixed beds inside their polytunnel, sowing directly in the ground, and manage crop rotation in a different way. Whilst I prefer my method, it does increase the amount of watering to keep plants in pots from drying out. Growing in the ground is better in this regard, but does make refreshing the soil more difficult.
If possible, I recommend investing in a drip irrigation solution to ensure that plants receive all their watering requirements. For plots that have their own watertap and electricity this is easy to put in place. On my plot, there is neither mains water or electricity, and I have had to devise my own solar powered drip irrigation solution using water stored in water butts. Without a drip irrigation system, in high summer, a gardener may have to visit their plants morning and evening to provide water.
Polytunnel Planting Ideas
Heat Loving Vegetables
Heat Loving Fruit
- Dessert grapes
- Inca berries
Harvest In Winter
- Perpetual spinach
- Salad leaves
The easy way for a gardener to organise their growing and discover gardening ideas. | <urn:uuid:60efd778-dd6d-416c-8f13-de1bb2bb2250> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.allotmentbook.co.uk/contents/allotment-polytunnels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.930665 | 1,213 | 2.734375 | 3 |
It has been about a year since scientists announced the discovery of water on the moon. On Thursday, Oct. 21 they revealed new data uncovered by NASA’s Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).
The mission found evidence that the lunar surface within the moons craters is filled with useful materials, and the moon is both chemically active and has a water cycle. Scientists also confirmed the water is mostly pure ice-crystals. These results are detailed in papers published in the Oct. 22 issue of Science.
“NASA has convincingly confirmed the presence of water ice and characterized its patchy distribution in permanently shadowed regions of the moon,” said Michael Wargo, chief lunar scientist at NASA’s Headquarters in Washington. “This major undertaking is the one of many steps NASA has taken to better understand our solar system, its resources, and its origin, evolution, and future.”
The twin impacts of LCROSS and its companion rocket stage within the moon’s Cabeus crater on Oct. 9, 2009, ejected a large plume of lunar regolith that may not have seen direct sunlight for billions of years. This lunar material traveled some 10 miles up into the cold, black near-vacuum of the lunar sky – betraying its contents existence to the instruments on board LRO.
LRO’s instruments also discovered a wide range of light metals such as sodium, mercury and possibly silver.
With the discovery of water on the moon, indications are stong that similar processes may be taking place on Mars, the moons of Jupiter and Saturn and numerous other bodies throughout the solar system. In short, the data reveals that those nations willing to begin building an infrastructure from the moon outward – will find resources to utilize along the way.
It is hoped, that understanding the processes and environments that dictate how water arrived and is positioned on the lunar surface that easily accessible pockets of water can be located and utilized. Future human explorers will be able to utilize this information to use these in-situ (on location) resources to avoid hauling these precious substances out of Earth’s heavy gravity well. Along with water, which can be used for life support, methane, ammonia and Hydrogen have all been detected on the Moon – which can be used for fuel and other purposes.
Although it was NASA that uncovered the vast store of resources on the moon, it now looks doubtful that the U.S. will benefit from their discovery. Under President Obama, NASA’s current plans to return to moon were scrapped as the president’s view of returning to the moon is, “We’ve been there before.”
This suggests the president views manned space flight as a stunt or an exercise in setting milestones, rather than the future of mankind. This highlights a lack of understanding about the strategic importance of space exploration. The moon could serve as a near-term place to both ensure the survival of the human race in the event of a global tragedy as well as a destination with resources to offset the destruction of the Earth’s ecosystems searching for similar resources.
Russia, China, Europe, India and Japan currently plan to send humans back to the lunar surface. The U.S., under President Obama, and his appointed officials have decided to forego a permanent lunar outpost – paving the way for other nations to take the lead in constructing a long-term space exploration infrastructure.
The LCROSS impactor launched along with LRO aboard an Atlas rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on June 18, 2009. The rocket’s spent Centaur upper stage created the debris plume. The project is funded by NASA’s Exploration Systems Missions Directorate (ESMD). | <urn:uuid:0241da5f-4855-44d1-a90c-02521a89f67b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.americaspace.com/2010/10/24/lrolcross-discoveries-prove-obamas-lunar-policy-is-wrong/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.946781 | 778 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Are you prepared for your future? Many people don’t think about planning for their future until it’s too late. This article provides some tips to help you make the best decisions for your future. Planning for your future can be difficult, but it’s worth it.
What are some common mistakes people make when planning for their future?
Some common mistakes that people make when planning for their future include forgetting to consider their time frame, neglecting to think about their finances, and not taking into account their health.
One way to avoid making these mistakes is to take into account each of the important aspects of your life. Planning for your future will help you stay on track and achieve your goals.
How can you improve your chances of achieving your goals?
You need to assess your current situation and make changes if necessary. If you’re not sure what you want to do with your future, start by assessing your skills and talents. Then, think about what you’re passionate about and look for opportunities to use those skills. Finally, don’t be afraid to take some risks- even if the outcome isn’t always guaranteed.
staying consistent with your plan of action is key. Don’t let yourself get carried away by the excitement of achieving your goals, or by discouragement when things don’t go as planned. Remind yourself that success doesn’t come overnight- it takes time and effort.
remember, success doesn’t come overnight, so don’t expect to achieve your goals right away. Even if you make small progress every day, over time you’ll reach your goal. So keep pushing forward, and never give up on your dreams!
What should you do if you don’t know what you want to do for the future?
If you don’t have a plan, it’s very difficult to know where to start. You may find yourself constantly feeling lost and not knowing what to do. It’s important to set some goals and develop a plan of action in order to move forward.
The first step is to figure out what you want out of life. Once you have a clear idea of your goals, it’s much easier to figure out how to get there. You can start by writing down what you want and then break it down into smaller, more manageable tasks. Once you have a plan of action, it’s easier to stay on track and make progress.
If you find that you’re not making any progress, it may be time to take a step back and reassess your goals. Sometimes we can get too caught up in the details and lose sight of what we’re actually trying to achieve. It’s important to remember that change takes time, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see immediate results. Keep at it and eventually you’ll reach your objectives.
How can you make sure you’re taking the right steps to achieve your goals?
There are a few things you can do to make sure you’re taking the right steps to achieve your goals. First, make sure you have a clear idea of what you want to achieve. Second, take the time to plan out your steps. Third, stay focused and don’t let your goals get too big or too small. fourth, don’t be afraid to try new things. And fifth, be patient- it can take a while to achieve your goals.
Many people make common mistakes when planning for their future, but by following these tips you can improve your chances of achieving your goals. Remember to take your time and think things through before making any decisions. If you don’t know what you want to do, consult with someone who can help you figure out the best course of action. Finally, make sure to take the appropriate steps to achieve your goals- some of which may take time, but are well worth the effort. | <urn:uuid:ac766824-c933-4d86-bafa-34053693cbb8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.antioch-il.org/2023/04/12/how-to-start-planning-for-your-future-and-avoid-making-common-senior-planner-mistakes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.952512 | 828 | 2.75 | 3 |
In 1952 Ron made spectacular new discoveries concerning man, his mind and his true spiritual nature. He had earlier discovered mental image pictures, and had been studying their characteristics and behavior: the reactive, stimulus-response mechanisms that psychology itself had been familiar with, but never had analyzed.
Now he found out what was looking at the pictures. And described it. And found out that you could do things with it from a very practical standpoint that nobody had ever done before.
Exteriorization and exteriorization processes, the first E-Meter, formation of the Hubbard College and the Hubbard Association of Scientologists are only a few of Ron's phenomenal activities in 1952.
Dianetic Auditors Bulletin - Cause And Effect
Milestone One Lecture Transcript: HCL-1
Outline of Therapy Transcript: HCL-2
Theta Bodies Transcript: HCL-23 | <urn:uuid:01f83f68-2905-409d-a308-8433bf582924> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ao-gp.org/independent-scientology-technical-bulletins-1952/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.967424 | 178 | 2.703125 | 3 |
One of the most fascinating facts about Turkey, of which there are thousands, is that "tulips" were brought FROM Turkey to Holland in the 16th Century! Today, of course, Holland has a huge tulip export business and is thought of as the originator of Tulips.... When in fact, there were a varied variety grown in Turkey long before they were introduced in the 16th century. The respected design of the "tulip" has been/is created into designs on the traditional carpets, bowls, tiles, lamps etc. for thousands of years.
By the 17th century, especially around 1637 when highly popular tulip's prices were going up by the day reaching exorbitant numbers, the Dutch government unsuccessfully tried to outlaw this overblown commerce but couldn't do anything to stop it as the trade was all about access and demand.
"Tulipa", the botanical name for tulips is derived from the Turkish word "tulbend" or "turban", which the flower resembles. It's considered as the King of Bulbs.
Tulips have played an interesting role in the Turkish history. There is actually a period in Turkish history between 1718-1730 that is actually called the "Tulip Era", under the reign of Sultan Ahmed III. This was a time of peace and enjoyment. Finally 2 things, the 1730 revolt ending with the sultan being de-throned, and the over supply led to lower prices and the tulip market crashed. Moral: Don't put all your tulips in one basket! | <urn:uuid:4d392591-ad0e-44d5-a1f6-3475521a591b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.archaeologous.com/blog/26/flower-lovers-what-tulips-mean-turkey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.981339 | 326 | 3.3125 | 3 |
As a student who’ll require analyzing experiments, lab reports are an essential part of your curriculum and are usually necessary for your grades. A lab report is a critical aspect of academic writing in the sciences, providing a structured method for documenting experimental procedures and findings. This form of writing is essential for communicating scientific results and contributes to the broader scientific dialogue by sharing knowledge and promoting reproducibility of research.
Definition: Lab report
A lab report conveys a scientific experiment’s methods, purposes, results, and conclusions, like testing the viscosity of different liquids in the kitchen.
The primary aim of a lab report is to show that you understand a specific scientific method by performing a hands-on lab experiment.
Most individuals use lab reports in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).
Lab report essentials
Lab report essentials contain the methods used, the study’s purpose, and the outcomes of a lab experiment. Structure a lab report in the following way:
In a lab report, your title is your reader’s first impression and communicates the findings or topic of your research.
It should inform your readers of:
- Your research’s purpose
- and primary focus.
Write an abstract in the past tense at the end of your report. An abstract gives readers a preview of your study in about 150-300 words and a summary.
- The materials and methods
- research aims,
- and main results.
This lab report section introduces your audience to your research topic and study’s focus. Structure your introduction using an inverted triangle or funnel method:
- Generally, start with the broader research topic
- Narrow the issue down to your specific study focus
- Finish with a clear and specific research question
Start by giving background information on your research topic and why it’s essential in a real-world context. Describe your previous studies on the subject and state how your study may expand, fill a gap or confirm your research.
Next, detail the theoretical basis for your study and describe any relevant equations or laws that you’ll use. Let your hypotheses show your main expectations and research aims.
In your lab report, write the methods you used to collect and analyze data in the past tense. Describe the following:
- Experimental design: Note whether your study is a between-subjects or within-subjects design.
- Subjects: Place humans in demographics and animals in genetics – state how you recruited subjects and their number per condition per group.
- Materials: List materials you used and model names for all specialized equipment.
- Procedures: Note down the steps you took to collect information chronologically.
State any results you took from any statistical analysis procedure in this lab report section to show how they refute or support your previous hypotheses. Your results may include:
- Any descriptive statistics
- Statistical test results
- The importance of your test results
- Estimates of confidence intervals or standard errors
Report your results using tables and figures where appropriate, highlight critical developments and show related variables using graphs. Also, include sample calculations for complex experiments. Refer to raw data in the Appendices section when highlighting any outliers or trends.
Demonstrate your critical thinking skills and understanding of the experiment process in the discussion section of the lab report. Here, you can:
- Interpret your results
- Compare your expectations and findings
- Identify experimental error sources
- Explain unexpected results
- Suggest potential improvements for further research
Report whether your results answer your research question and support your hypotheses.
A practical discussion section also highlights the limitations and strengths of your study.
Use specific examples when describing limits. For instance, if random errors contributed to your research, write “imprecise apparatus” and suggest improvement methods.
The conclusion is the last part of your lab report and summarizes your findings, giving a brief overview of your study’s strengths, limitations, and implications.
While some reports may remove this section for overlapping with the discussion section, consult with your instructor before doing so.
A lab report has different sections depending on the research field. However, they all contain:
Course instructors usually give you a procedure and experimental design, allowing you to experiment to evaluate the outcomes in a lab report.
A research paper requires you to develop an initial argument, do in-depth research, and interpret your data and sources.
A lab report is generally 5 to 10 pages, including tables and figures, depending on your experiment; however, there’s no set page limit. | <urn:uuid:cd1a9ac5-476c-4b0e-9f3a-73869f147184> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bachelorprint.au/research-paper/lab-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.866389 | 938 | 3.828125 | 4 |
SIMULATING THE SACRED IN THEODORE STREHLOW’S SONGS OF CENTRAL AUSTRALIA
It may be impossible to reconstruct what it meant for the Arrernte people of Central Australia to have the New Testament translated into their language. The continuing practice of Christianity among the Arrernte shows just how powerful this wealth of stories was for this remote community. This act of translation was reversed by the son of the New Testament’s Arrernte translator, Theodor Strehlow, who worked on rendering the song-cycles of the Arrernte into English. These are not so much translations as conversions, as Strehlow wrote them into a poetry of rhythm and cadence that was influenced by Greek and Norse myth. In doing so, Strehlow wanted to simulate his own conversion experience, his own experience of this desert people and their lives. To do so he was forced to turn to that which simulates the sacred in Western culture, in the language of poetry and literature. In reading Strehlow’s Songs of Central Australia (1971) and the story of its composition, we might begin to approach this conversion to Aboriginalism that took place in the desert of Central Australia, and subsequently reconstruct Strehlow’s attempt to reverse religious imperialism.
Theodore Strehlow; Arrernte | <urn:uuid:7774fc1c-9488-48cd-a476-1f67f3e7d350> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bibleandcriticaltheory.com/issues/vol6-no2/vol-6-no-2-2010-simulating-the-sacred-in-theodore-strehlows-songs-of-central-australia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.951597 | 281 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The Yutu-2 image of the ‘mysterious hut’. (CNSA/CLEP/Our Space)
The mysterious Chinese “moon cube” is no longer a mystery. The big reveal: it’s a rock that doesn’t even have the shape of a cube. National rover Yutu2 discovered the object – which appeared to be a gray cube looming above the lunar horizon – in early December. China’s National Space Administration (CNSA) dubbed it the “mystery hut,” playfully speculating that the cube could be an alien house or a spaceship.
The news called it the “moon cube”.
The CNSA estimated that the object was about 80 meters (262 feet) away, according to the blog affiliated with the agency, and ready to point the rover towards it. The blog said it would take two or three months to reach the cube.
After several weeks of preparation and driving, the rover is close enough to see that the “mystery hut” is just a rock. Its sharp geometric aspect on the horizon was a simple turn of perspective, light and shadow.
In an updated posted on Friday, Our Space published the rover’s latest photo of its target, below.
Yutu-2 image of the closer rock. (CNSA/CLEP/Our Space)
One of the rover’s ground controllers noted on the blog that the rock is shaped like a rabbit, with smaller rocks in front that resemble a carrot. The rover’s name, Yutu, means “jade rabbit,” which is now also the name of the rock too.
Yutu2 reached the moon in January 2019, when the Chang’e4 lander landed on the lunar surface and launched a ramp for the rover’s descent. It was the first mission to land on the opposite side of the moon.
Over the next three years, Yutu2 traveled over 1,000 meters (3,200 feet), used ground-penetrating radar to reveal a surprisingly deep layer of lunar soil, and identified rocks in the lunar mantle, below the crust, which have been pushed to the surface. when an asteroid crashed into the moon billions of years ago.
A closer look at the rock. (CNSA/CLEP/Our Space)
The rover has survived long past its initial three-month mission, meaning Yutu-2 had plenty free time for a wild cube chase. | <urn:uuid:f09e4be5-2a61-4095-a2ff-99c0f84bdea2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bizwiztech.ca/remember-that-weird-cube-on-the-moon-yutu-2-finally-took-closer-pictures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.94617 | 527 | 2.578125 | 3 |
It seems to happen several times a year, a gruesome image of a badly infected leg, arm or hand in the national papers with a spider bite stated as the cause.
But when you look into the details, you often discover that things just don’t add up. It seems all too easy to blame spiders for bacterial infections.
False-widow spiders tend to cause sensation in the media, but Professor David Lalloo, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine says;
“These spiders are not aggressive and bites from them are not dangerous; they may cause short-lived pain and in rare cases, may make people feel unwell for a day or so, but there is no record of them causing serious illness or death.”
So here are some facts about spiders and their bites;
– Most British spiders couldn’t bite you if they tried; their fangs are too small or weak to penetrate human skin.
– Most large spiders are not inclined to bite a human – you can handle hundreds of large house or garden spiders and never get bitten.
– If a larger spider does manage to bite you, the symptoms are usually like a pin prick, milder than a wasp or bee sting.
– The notorious Noble false-widow (Steatoda nobilis) does indeed have a more venomous bite than other British species. It injects a neurotoxin which may cause localised pain, minor swelling, and in extreme cases nausea within a few hours (but not days).
– There are no proven cases where the Noble false-widow has caused death, coma or permanent injury.
– Its neurotoxins do not result in ‘necrosis’ i.e. the gangrene-like infections described in the media – this results from a bacterial infection which could come from any source including scratching a mosquito bite, scratch or splinter wound with dirty fingers.
– An allergic reaction to a spider bite is theoretically possible, but has never been recorded, even in people who are allergic to bee or wasp stings.
– There is no proven link between spider bites and bacterial infection and there are still no confirmed cases of serious injury resulting directly from the bite of a native spider in Britain.
– Female Noble false-widow spiders are notably sluggish, ponderous, solitary and non-aggressive, they will never run or jump at you in an aggressive manner as some people describe.
– Sometimes venomous spiders are introduced with produce or goods from abroad. Spiders found in grocery areas of shops should be treated with caution. | <urn:uuid:8947407a-e07e-45a8-9cca-ac4f96392b5b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.buglife.org.uk/bugs/featured-bugs/love-spiders/spider-bites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.942939 | 529 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta)
The Red Admiral butterfly previously known as the red admirable is a medium sized species indigenous to the temperate parts North Africa, Europe, the Americas, Caribbean islands and Asia. Though it mostly inhabits the warmer regions, this butterfly moves northward during spring and even in autumn.
- Family: Nymphalidae
- Genus: Vanessa
- Scientific Name: Vanessa atalanta
Description and Identification
The caterpillars have a black body with light yellow or white speckles.
The color of the pupa is bright scarlet and black in high and low temperatures respectively. Hence, in summer they are bright and in winter the butterflies are heavily pigmented.
Sexual Dimorphism: Present
Color and Appearance: When the wings are opened, the dorsal part of the forewings and outer surface of its hind wings has orange bands. The distal point of its forewings has white spots while the ventral side is brown with black, red and white patches. The entire hind wing has a brown marbled pattern. When the wings are closed, the marbled pattern is prominent with bands of red, black and white.
Average Wingspan: 4.4 – 6.4 cm (1.75 -2.50 inches)
Flight Pattern: Steady and erratic while males are more adept in flight than the females.
Eggs and Larva
The eggs are round and pale green, often laid upon false nettle. The larva is one inch long having a black body with white spots on it.
|Distribution||North Africa, Asia, Europe, North and Central America, Caribbean and Hawaiian islands|
|Habitat||Parks, marshes, yards, moist fields, moist woods, seeps|
|Lifespan of Adults||Two weeks on an average|
|Host Plants||Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica); False nettle (Boehmeria cylindrical); as well as plants belonging to the Cannabaceae, and Compositae family|
|Adult Diet||Sap oozing from trees, bird droppings, fermenting fruits, as well as nectar of flowering plants like milkweed, aster, red clove, alfalfa|
Did You Know
- Noted botanist, Carl Linnaeus, was the first to describe it in 1758, in his 10th edition of Systema Naturae.
- This species features in many of Vladimir Nabokov’s works like Pale Fire; King, Queen Knave; Speak, Memory
- From a spiritual point of view, a red admiral butterfly means a powerful spirit or soul while certain cultures have superstitious belief and consider it to be a symbol of danger or evil.
- The caterpillars appear to be toxic or painful but may be handled safely. | <urn:uuid:561e3e88-2d1f-4744-b2fb-ef2dcadae289> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.butterflyidentification.com/red-admiral.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.890716 | 599 | 3.25 | 3 |
Peanut allergy is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition that develops early life and is rarely outgrown. It imposes a significant psychological, as well as economic burden on the family. Its prevalence has quadrupled in the past 13 years. An exciting new study entitled Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP), recently appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. This study from the United Kingdom shows that early consumption of peanut may dramatically reduce the risk of developing peanut allergy.
In this study, 640 infants, 4-11 months of age and at high risk of peanut allergy (because they had severe eczema, and/or egg allergy), were randomly assigned to consume or avoid peanuts until 5 years of age when their peanut allergy status was determined based on a peanut challenge in a medical environment. The infants had previously passed a peanut challenge in a medical environment with no reaction at the beginning of the study. One group of infants had a negative skin test to peanut, and the other had a borderline test with a wheal (bump) 1-4 mm in diameter. The main finding of the study was that the incidence of peanut allergy was dramatically reduced in the peanut consumption group compared to those who had avoided peanut. In the infants with the negative initial skin test results, the prevalence of peanut allergy at 5 years of age was 13.7% in the avoidance group, and 1.9% in the consumption group. In the group with a borderline allergy skin test reaction, the prevalence of peanut allergy to 5 years of age was 35.3% in the avoidance group, and 10.6% in the consumption group.
The main message of this study was that early introduction of peanut protein may prevent peanut allergy. This represents a dramatic shift in thinking from the past. In 2000, there was a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics to wait until 3 years of age to give peanut products, with the thought that the avoidance might prevent peanut allergy. In 2009, this recommendation was retracted. At this time, there is no official recommendation about when to introduce peanut. However, based on the initial recommendations from the year 2000, later introduction of peanut has become a common practice.
In summary, this is a landmark study that will dramatically change clinical practice, and hopefully help reduce the epidemic of peanut allergy. According to the authors of an accompanying editorial in the same issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, “… the results of this trial are so compelling, and the problem of increasing prevalence of peanut allergy so alarming, new guidelines should be forthcoming very soon.” If you have any questions about how to proceed in light of this new study, please contact one of the providers.
- Du Toit, D. et. al. Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy. The New England Journal of Medicine. Downloaded from nejm.org on February 24, 2015.
- Gruchalla, R. et. al. Preventing peanut allergy through early consumption-Ready for prime time? Downloaded from nejm.org on February 24, 2015. | <urn:uuid:a97e65a1-5a8d-47fb-ad39-0792bde401bd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bvaac.com/new-landmark-study-shows-that-early-peanut-introduction-lessens-allergy-risk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.954392 | 627 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Page 5: Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality – Third Edition
Recreational water quality generally falls under provincial and territorial jurisdiction. Responsibility for the safe management of recreational waters can be shared between the provincial or territorial authorities and the beach managers or service providers. The division of duties (e.g. responsibility for monitoring or the communication of results) will vary depending on provincial or territorial policies in place. The Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group on Recreational Water Quality was established by the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Health and the Environment to review and evaluate current scientific information on recreational water quality and develop up-to-date guidance. This has resulted in the development of an updated version or Third Edition of the Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality, which incorporates current science and outlines a recommended risk management approach. In preparing this document, the Working Group re-evaluated the criteria for existing indicators of recreational water quality and conducted reviews of the literature published on the topic of recreational water quality and human health and safety, including research papers, reports of epidemiological investigations, published texts, disease surveillance reports and guideline documentation developed by other government and multinational organizations worldwide.
The primary goal of the Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality is the protection of public health and safety. The document is aimed primarily at responsible authorities and decision-makers. It provides guidance on the factors that can interfere with the safety of recreational waters from a human health perspective. It recommends the adoption of a preventive risk management strategy that focuses on the identification and control of water quality hazards prior to the point of contact with the recreational water user. It also recommends the use of a multi-barrier approach as the most effective means for protecting users from exposure to water quality hazards in recreational waters.
Recreational waters can be considered as any natural fresh, marine or estuarine bodies of water where a significant number of people use the water for recreation. These include human-made constructions using untreated natural waters (e.g. artificial lakes, quarries).
Recreational water activity can be classified as any activity involving intentional or incidental immersion in natural waters. These are further defined (adapted from WHO, 2003a) as follows:
- Primary contact: Activities in which the whole body or the face and trunk are frequently immersed or the face is frequently wetted by spray, and where it is likely that some water will be swallowed (e.g., swimming, surfing, waterskiing, whitewater canoeing/rafting/kayaking, windsurfing, subsurface diving).
- Secondary contact: Activities in which only the limbs are regularly wetted and in which greater contact (including swallowing water) is unusual (e.g., rowing, sailing, canoe touring, fishing).
This document does not include treated recreational water facilities (e.g., swimming pools, hot tubs, whirlpool baths, hydrotherapy pools) or tertiary contact uses of water, where no contact with water is expected (e.g., walking along the shore, sunbathing). It does not address water-related injuries such as drowning or diving injuries. It does not address issues specific to particularly sensitive individuals or population groups. Individuals concerned about their health status or the health of vulnerable population groups should consult with their health care provider or regional health unit in order to make an informed decision before engaging in any recreational water activities.
The document is divided into two parts:
- Part I (Management of Recreational Waters) provides guidance on the management of recreational waters, including approaches for water quality hazard assessment, water quality monitoring and the implementation of preventive or corrective actions.
- Part II (Guideline Technical Documentation) establishes guideline values and aesthetic objectives and provides related technical and scientific information on the water quality parameters and hazards of importance for Canadian recreational waters.
The guideline values and aesthetic objectives established in this document should not be regarded as legally enforceable standards, except where adopted by the appropriate provincial/territorial or federal agency. Further, the jurisdictional authority may wish to apply more stringent values and objectives as deemed necessary. This document is intended to guide authorities responsible for developing operational standards as part of a comprehensive beach management plan. The Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality may be periodically revised or adjusted as necessary to ensure that they continue to remain protective of the health and safety of all Canadians.
- Date modified: | <urn:uuid:af1ee2d6-04d0-418b-a403-de0b88330bc1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/healthy-living/guidelines-canadian-recreational-water-quality-third-edition/guidelines-canadian-recreational-water-quality-third-edition-page-5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.92101 | 895 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. Rousseau's mother died shortly after his birth and his father abandoned him when he was 10. Young Jean-Jacques was sent to live with an uncle, who had the child fostered out. From about age fourteen Jean-Jacque was on his own. He was often homeless and did a variety of working class jobs to support himself. Jean-Jacque was fortunate at the age of sixteen to meet Francois-Louise de Warens (1690-1762), who took the boy in and supported him financially and emotionally. Rousseau's political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic and educational thought. His Discourse on Inequality and The Social Contract are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. Rousseau's sentimental novel Julie, or the New Heloise (1761) was important to the development of preromanticism and romanticism in fiction. His Emile, or On Education (1762) is an educational treatise on the place of the individual in society. Rousseau's autobiographical writings—the posthumously published Confessions (composed in 1769), which initiated the modern autobiography, and the unfinished Reveries of the Solitary Walker (composed 1776–1778)—exemplified the late-18th-century "Age of Sensibility", and featured an increased focus on subjectivity and introspection that later characterized modern writing. | <urn:uuid:071efe2b-9a48-4c56-a4f9-bdc09de95dad> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.careexperienceandculture.com/master/jean-jacques-rousseau | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.977155 | 324 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Does Baptism *Really* Change Us, or is it Purely Symbolic?
Often, protestants argue that baptism is purely symbolic, that the graces given from God at baptism are solely based on faith, and that the ceremonial baptism, water and all, is simply figurative. This, of course, is in stark contrast to the Catholic understanding of baptism, which views the ritual of baptism as an essential part of the Sacrament. The whole practice, again, water and all, serves as a holistic expression of God's grace and respects the real Tradition of the Church Christ founded. In this non-exhaustive response to the protestant objection, we examine some reasons for the Catholic understanding of the wholly literal, symbolic, physical, and metaphysical understanding of the Sacrament of Baptism, the first of the Sacraments of Initiation; submitted to Holy Apostles College and Seminary November 16, 2017 with corrections and additions made:
The saving power of baptism was understood even by the patristic fathers of the early Church. Take St. Gregory of Nazianus, a 4th century Church Father, who reminds us that in baptism, “sin is buried in the water,” or Hilary of Poitiers, of the same century, who writes, “[b]ut what is more possible for the power of God than to…regenerate through water.” While Gregory illustrates the metaphysical effects of baptism against sin as it drowns in saving water, Hilary inquires his audience about their reasons for doubt, suggesting that it is no more beyond God to use water for regeneration than for him to save us by our faith or to “raise to life what was dead through resurrection.” Protestants are by no means unaware of Scripture—at least to the extent that they will defend their position using it. Unfortunately, oftentimes the discussion is born of half-truths and cherry-picked Scripture verses that appear to defend their position although only ostensibly. Thus, it is not usually compelling to hear arguments from fragmented Scriptural references, arguments taken out of context in order to fit a narrative that simply isn't there. An irresponsible reading--and understanding--of Scripture will always lead to subsequent error, heresy, and confusion, which accounts for the errant conclusions to which so many protestants have come regarding baptism. For example, although it is indeed true that faith saves us (the basis of the argument for Sola Fide, another popular protestant ideal), it must be equally true that good works are necessary for salvation. What other purpose do we have for Scripture than to consider it as an integrated whole? To that end, when Peter says, “baptism…now saves you” (1 Peter 3:21), he isn’t simply suggesting that baptism is a nice sentiment, he meant exactly what he said: that baptism now saves you. To emphasize this, he precedes those words with a reminder that Noah was also saved by water--real water. The defense of the need for, and the efficacy of, a material and a spiritual baptism isn’t limited to the New Testament. Although it has already been established that Noah and his family were saved through water, there are two other Old Testament foretokens of Christian baptism: the crossing of the Red Sea, symbolizing the “liberation of Israel from the slavery of Egypt”; and the crossing of the river Jordan, which prefigured baptism when “the People of God received the gift of the land promised to Abraham’s descendants.” Finally, Baptism is a sacrament which Christ himself freely received. If the example of Christ is something to be followed, then it certainly makes sense that, even in baptism, he did nothing in his ministry that could be considered unnecessary. It’s no coincidence, then, that Jesus “begins his public life after having himself baptized by St. John the Baptist in the Jordan.” Since even Christ found it necessary to begin his ministry with baptism, it can hardly be suggested it was useless or ineffective by any measure. It seems that in keeping with the Christian tradition, many Protestants who deny the physical and metaphysical efficacy of the Sacrament of Baptism still perform the act themselves, often immersing themselves in water during their baptismal ceremony. To conclude, it would be reasonable to question why any protestant group would perform such an empty, meaningless ritual with no substantial implication for the soul. Perhaps because baptism “[c]onstitutes the sacramental bond of unity” among all Christians who are baptized, and because “the person baptized is configured to Christ,” the desire for baptism cannot be quelled in the hearts of any Christian person. CCC 1261 Hilary of Poitiers. Commentary on Matthew. Edited by David G. Hunter. Translated by D. H. Williams. Vol. 125. The Fathers of the Church. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2012, 20.3. Ibid. See Ga. 2:16; Lk. 7:50; See also, Jn. 6:28-29. See Mt. 25:34-46; Jas. 2:22, 24; See also, Eph. 2:10. 1 Peter 2:18-20; See also, CCC 1219. CCC 1221 CCC 1222 See Mt. 3:13-17_See also,_ Lk. 3:21; Mk. 1:9-11; and CCC 1224. CCC 1223 CCC 1271 CCC 1272 | <urn:uuid:9553e113-50ef-4ab5-b52c-cdc88f10998e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cathlogic.com/post/2018/01/08/does-baptism-really-change-us-or-is-it-purely-symbolic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.95348 | 1,163 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Op-amp Inverting and Non-inverting Circuits
Perhaps unsurprisingly, given their name, operational amplifiers are very often used in amplifying circuits. They are put together in either an inverting or non-inverting configuration, a concept we’ll cover momentarily, and the amount of amplification can be carefully controlled.
Before jumping into these configurations, let’s address an important topic. If you have been going through these tutorials, you will note that sometimes the input marked “+” is sometimes referred to as positive and other times as “non-inverting”. Then the input marked “-” is sometimes referred to as negative and other times as “inverting”. In reality, using the terms “positive” and “negative” are arguably incorrect and, at best, are misleading. They’re a lot easier to use, though, which is why they’re so prevalent. The true difference between the inverting and the non-inverting inputs is which way the output swings with the voltages on the inputs. If the non-inverting input is at a higher voltage than the inverting input, then the output will go high. If the inverting input is higher than the non-inverting input, then the output will go low (which can be negative, depending on the configuration of the op-amp). This will be covered again, and in more depth, in the op-amp comparator tutorial, but this is sufficient for understanding this tutorial.
Inverting Op-Amp Circuit
As it is more common, we’ll go over the inverting op-amp circuit first. The circuit setup looks like this:
Remembering the Golden Rules of Op-amps, or the 2 most important things to remember with op-amps, we can see that:
- the inverting input is at a virtual ground as the non-inverting input is tied to ground, and
- that the same current through Ri is going through Rf.
To help remember what the letters stand for, Ri is the input resistor, and Rf is the feedback resistor, as the output is driving the input through Rf. Now that we’ve got that in mind, let’s solve this circuit to see if we can find an equation to describe the performance of this circuit mathematically. We can use KCL. Let’s use the inverting input as our node.
We know that current flowing into that node must equal the current flowing out and no current is flowing into the inverting input, so there is only the current coming in via Ri and out via Rf and they are equal to each other. We can then setup the equation as:
Now, we want to see what the relationship is between our output and input, a gain or amplification term we’ll call “A” where A = Vout/Vin. Rearranging the equation, we can see the following:
So, whatever voltage you put on the input, the output will be amplified by Rf/Ri and then inverted into a negative voltage. For example, if you have a 10K feedback resistor, and a 2K input resistor, an input voltage of 2V will yield an output voltage of -10V. And this should make sense - for the current to flow from a positive input voltage to the virtual ground and then from the virtual ground to the output, the output voltage *must* be negative! And vice versa if the input is a negative voltage.
This is an extremely common op-amp configuration as most feedback loops utilize negative feedback, as that increases stability and reduces distortion. This is outside the scope of this tutorial, but Kushal discusses it in his control systems tutorials.
Non-Inverting Op-Amp Circuit
For a non-inverting circuit, you don’t simply swap the connections between the inverting and non-inverting inputs. The circuit is slightly different.
As expected, the signal input is to the non-inverting input, but now the inverting input is in the middle of a voltage divider. As the output is now connected to the inverting input via that voltage divider, we know that it will drive the inverting input to match that of the non-inverting input. Let’s see how the Golden Rules of op-amps applies in this case.
- the inverting input is being driven to be the same voltage as the non-inverting input, and
- that the same current through R1 is going through R2.
Once again, we can describe the behavior of this circuit mathematically using KCL. Selecting the inverting input node, we come up with the following equation:
This can be simplified by multiplying both sides by R2 and dividing both sides by Vin:
This separates out to:
And finally, adding one on each side:
Our gain, or amplification amount, again being designated as “A” gives us:
There were a few more steps in that calculation versus the inverting amplifier but still nothing too difficult as long as you don’t miss a step. But let’s look at this as well. Imagine you have that same 2V input that we used with the inverting op-amp and the same 10K and 2K resistors, for R2 and R1 respectively. In this case, you’d get a gain of 6 (10K/2K + 1), so your output voltage would be 12V. A negative input voltage would also yield a negative output voltage.
Again, non-inverting op-amp amplifier configurations are not as common but they’re still very useful and you’ll definitely come across them.
These two configurations are great not only because they are legitimately useful and can be found in the wild in many different applications but also because they help us become more familiar with how an op-amp works. Using them, doing these calculations, help us get a better intuitive feel for what will happen with an op-amp in a circuit. I hope that this overview was clear - if not, leave a comment below and we’ll try and resolve any questions. Go check out some of the practice problems for op-amps on YouTube here: Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) Practice Problems and be sure to familiarize yourself with the other op-amp configurations as we get them up here on CircuitBread.
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Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are rapidly growing fields that combine the principles of computer science, statistics, and mathematics. While they are powerful tools for solving complex problems, they aren’t very effective when used in isolation. By integrating ML/AI with software engineering, developers can create practical applications that solve real-world problems.
In this blog post, we will go over the steps of the ML engineering process: problem framing, model selection, training and evaluation, and integration.
Drawing parallels with our Tanoto project, where we employed various ML/AI techniques to simulate job interviews, we’ll highlight the specific features of face detection and emotion recognition in Tanoto as examples.
Effective problem framing is crucial for addressing challenges successfully and determining if ML is the appropriate solution. While some may view ML as a catch-all solution, it's important to recognize that it's most useful when applied to specific types of problems. By thoroughly defining the problem, we can avoid spending time and resources into overly complex ML solutions that don't deliver the desired results.
Problem framing in ML involves breaking down a problem to identify the specific elements that need attention. This includes defining the inputs, outputs, solution parameters, and the methods required to address the problem effectively.
By doing so, we can set clear goals and evaluate the technical feasibility of a potential ML project. A well-defined problem frame ensures the ML solution aligns with the desired outcome, ultimately leading to a successful product.
Typically, this means translating business requirements, with AI applications in mind, into technical ones. This allows a Machine learning engineer to devise actionable action steps for solution implementation. This is an interactive process between the ML engineer and the rest of the product team.
Business requirements: Non-verbal expressions during communication are as significant as spoken words. Our Job Interview simulator application (Tanoto) has access to the user’s webcam feed. We want to make recommendations and advice based on the emotions displayed in facial expressions during the interview.
For many standard machine learning tasks (i.e., image classification, object detection, natural language processing), there are often pre-trained models readily available. Such models, having been trained on large datasets, offer robust performance and can be quickly integrated into your project. Utilizing pre-trained models can save considerable time and resources over training your own models from scratch.
However, for niche or domain-specific problems, suitable pre-trained models might not be available. In this case, you'll need to collect and label your own data to train your models. This can be a time-consuming and resource-intensive process, but it's necessary to achieve good performance.
When collecting data for your own dataset, prioritize public and well-benchmarked ones. These datasets have undergone thorough testing and evaluation by the machine learning community, and they provide a reliable basis for comparing and evaluating model performance. Well-benchmarked datasets ensure your model’s performance is competitive.
While public datasets are ideal for many applications, some domains require custom datasets tailored to specific needs. For example, if you're working on a medical diagnosis tool, you may need to collect data from medical imaging devices or patient records. In cases like this, building your own dataset from scratch is challenging but necessary to achieve good performance.
With many different machine learning architectures and techniques to choose from, it can be difficult to know which ones are most suitable. Follow well-researched architectures and techniques to save time and reduce the risk of selecting a suboptimal approach. Additionally, well-researched architectures and techniques are extensively tested and evaluated, ensuring your model will perform well in practice.
When selecting pre-trained models or machine learning libraries, ensure compatibility with your target platform. This includes both software and hardware considerations. Given that different models and libraries might come with different software dependencies or be written in different programming languages and frameworks, it's crucial to confirm their seamless integration with your existing software setup.
Moreover, various models and libraries may have diverse hardware requirements and capabilities (i.e., GPU acceleration, mixed precision, float quantization). It's vital to confirm their efficiency on your chosen hardware infrastructure. By ensuring compatibility, potential deployment problems can be avoided, promising optimal performance in production.
This part of the ML engineering process uses tried and tested steps to ensure the delivery of accurate predictions and drive real-world results.
By following these steps, you can rigorously train and evaluate your machine learning model, ensuring that it performs well and generalizes effectively to new data.
Collaboration is crucial when integrating machine learning models into bigger, existing systems. For example, a machine learning model may be used to classify images; but, it needs to be integrated with a front-end application that allows extracting frames from a user’s webcam feed, just like Tanoto.
Machine learning models typically operate on numerical data represented as matrices; however, the input and output data may not always be in a format convenient for non-ML team members. For example, image data may need to be processed to extract features that can be fed into a convolutional neural network. Similarly, text data may need to be tokenized and embedded before it can be fed into a natural language processing model.
To make the model more dev-friendly, it's necessary to perform input and output processing. This may involve converting data from a relational database into a matrix, normalizing or standardizing data, or transforming output data back into a format meaningful to non-ML members.
Carefully document the input and output processing steps to help non-ML team members understand what is happening to the data. This can help avoid misunderstandings and errors that might arise from miscommunication.
When documenting a model, it's important to strike a balance between simplicity and completeness. A high-level overview of the model's architecture and main components may be sufficient for non-ML team members who just want to understand the overall structure. Model inputs and outputs are critical details to include. However, for ML engineers and researchers who want to reproduce or extend the model, lower-level details such as hyperparameter tuning, regularization methods, and optimization algorithms may also be necessary.
In addition to documenting the model itself, it's also important to record the model’s training data, as well as any preprocessing or feature engineering steps that were performed. This information can help ensure that the model is reproducible and that its performance can be verified.
Monitoring a machine learning model is critical to ensure it continues to perform well over time, with several aspects to monitor (.e., data quality, model performance, deployment issues).
Model accuracy and reliability are affected by data quality, so make sure to monitor several factors (i.e., data distribution, missing values, outliers, and correlations between features).
Model performance should also be regularly monitored. It's important to detect any degradation in model performance early on, so corrective action can be quickly taken.Typical causes for model performance decreasing over time include data drift and concept drift. Data drift happens when the distribution of model training data changes over time. Concept drift occurs when the properties of what the model is trying to predict changes.
For example, during COVID-19, non-medical news articles used many medical terms, which would confuse news topic classification models that were trained on pre-pandemic data. This can be remedied by continuous retraining as new data comes in and enough time has passed, or there has been a major shift in the real world that affects the factors around the problem.
Deployment issues can range from hardware failures to software bugs. Monitoring can help quickly identify issues quickly and minimize downtime.
For a more detailed look at deployment, scaling and cost optimization for running ML models, head over to one of our popular blogs: Cost-optimized ML on Production: Autoscaling GPU Nodes on Kubernetes to Zero Using KEDA.
In summary, the ML engineering process, which encompasses problem definition, model selection, training and evaluation, and integration, is a roadmap for developers to turn their ideas into reality. By harnessing the power of ML and AI, we can create cutting-edge applications that transform industries and improve people's lives.
Given the rapid evolution of ML/AI and ML engineering, it’s important to remain adaptable when it comes to best practices and standard processes. For now, happy experimenting and coding, and don’t forget to watch out for future ML/AI-related blogs from CodeLink! | <urn:uuid:7f5e1ff4-c9ec-40fb-9b65-4a85e7eecf13> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.codelink.io/blog/post/unlocking-ai-for-your-business-with-the-ml-engineering-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.928556 | 1,756 | 2.625 | 3 |
C# Methods and Functions
Methods are one of the building blocks of C#. They’re also called functions in some cases. We’ll explore these with our introduction here.
Learn how to define methods in C# with our comprehensive guide. Discover the basics of method definition, parameter passing, return types, and more. Improve your coding skills today!
Unlock the power of delegates in C#! Learn how to use these versatile tools to simplify your code and improve its flexibility. Discover the ins and outs of delegate definitions, event handling, and more!
Unlock the full potential of your C# methods with our comprehensive guide to parameter passing and return types. Learn how to declare and use parameters effectively, and discover the power of return types in creating more robust and flexible code.
Unlock the power of method overloading in C#! Learn how to create versatile and reusable methods that can handle multiple input parameters and scenarios with ease. Discover the benefits of overloading and how it can improve your code’s readability, maintainability, and performance.
Unlock the Power of Recursion! Discover the Secret to Efficient Code with C# Recursive Methods. Learn How to Harness the Magic of Self-Reference and Take Your Programming Skills to the Next Level! | <urn:uuid:41c9150b-6247-484e-924e-4dedb9492ae6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.csharpworkshop.com/learn/methods-and-functions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.837888 | 264 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In recent decades, public interest in mindfulness meditation has soared. Paralleling, and perhaps feeding, the growing popular acceptance has been rising scientific attention.
In neuroscience these days, there is a lot of focus on how different brain areas do different things. These functional units of the brain, made up of grey matter, are like little modules, each doing its own special task, such as speech, memory, vision, or movement. Yet, in order for the brain to work as an integrated whole, the different brain regions need to send and receive information to and from each other. This is done through the brain’s white matter. Think of white matter as being like fibre optic cables connecting the various modules—the brain’s version of the internet.
One of the most intriguing findings that emerges from brain research is that meditation increases the amount of white matter in the brain. Unlike most skills, practicing meditation doesn’t just train a few specific brain areas. It develops the channel of communication between them.
Science shows that if we invest our effort into reprogramming our brains, it can truly guide us towards a better life.
We tend to blame our brain a great deal — for inability to remember, for making us feel bad, for being slow… — as if it was a capricious ruler whom the rest of our body needs to follow no matter what. We refuse to assume responsibility for our brain’s health and our mind’s happiness. If we did, we could experience this phenomenal organ becoming our loyal friend rather than an eternal enemy. The practice of mindfulness helps us learn to regulate aspects of our central nervous systems so that higher reasoning is available for better decision-making.
Our brain is made up of billions of nerve cells called neurons, which are different from regular cells because they can gather and send electrochemical signals. These neurons are a part of our central nervous system and communicate with each other using neural pathways. Think of them as highways within our bodies. Nature has already equipped us with most of the pathways needed for survival. However, our brain is continuously creating new pathways based on our thoughts and actions. So, the next time you are struggling to learn a skill and find yourself getting better with time, remember that it’s merely your brain creating neural pathways. This ability of the brain to create new pathways is called neuroplasticity.
Mindfulness meditation gives us power to focus on the here and now. It increases our mental energy, allowing us to perform better and achieve more. Quite simply, mindfulness makes us more efficient in many areas of our lives.
More importantly, it puts us in control. The mind is an extremely complex labyrinth, where the subconscious can rule and throw roadblocks in our path. There are times we behave in certain ways without being consciously aware of them. Mindfulness meditation increases our awareness and opens our minds to more answers. Our senses are heightened as we enjoy the present more fully. Everyday activities, from what we eat, how we enjoy art and listen to music, and how we respond to friends and family become more vivid as mental walls crumble.
Mindfulness meditation relaxes us. With awareness, stress and unpleasant thoughts become less threatening and easier to handle. We become more relaxed and are able to let more joy and peace into our lives.
The Amygdala releases adrenaline and cortisol, also known as stress hormones. They trigger physiological responses in your body, and you prepare to fight or run away from a situation. The pre-frontal cortex deals with decision making and social behavior. If your Amygdala determines a situation is a threat, it hijacks the brain before the pre-frontal cortex can respond. Daniel Goleman terms this scenario as Amygdala hijack. The central nervous system’s fight-flight/freeze reactions are calmed when we are mindful. This allows us to access the neocortex (or rational brain) rather than responding from the more primitive parts of the brain.
Today, we live in a state of impermanence more than ever before. A hundred years ago, most people spent their lives in the town in which they were born. They knew all their neighbors. Their station in life determined their job. It may not sound ideal to us, but it certainly wasn’t stressful. These days, we live very fragmented lives. We may move regularly and barely know our neighbors. We switch jobs and friends on a regular basis.
On a basic human level, it’s natural for us to push aside unpleasant thoughts by distracting ourselves from what is really important.
Addictions to alcohol, drugs and social media are just some of the ways we avoid dealing with the present. This obviously is not helpful and merely generates greater anxiety and stress. Daily mindfulness meditation keeps us focused on the present and helps us deal with problems rather than avoiding them. Fortunately, becoming more aware is a skill that can be learned. Like playing a musical instrument or a sport, the more we practice, the better we become at it.
Much of our inner life lies below the surface, in the vast region of the subconscious. Our lives are governed by patterns set long ago, sometimes at birth. Perhaps the first words out of your parent’s mouth when you were born was, “Here my future doctor.” Growing up, much was expected of you, and your career path was clear. Good schools, perfect grades, best college, then medical school. After an appropriate period, there would be a suitable spouse, a desirable house, followed by two adorable and well-behaved children.
If this is our internal blueprint, we might never question it. We may not even be totally aware that this has been our path from birth. It’s as if we’ve moved on a kind of automatic pilot, with us just along for the ride. If, at age 30, we drift into a state of depression, we become utterly confused. We have achieved our dream. What could possibly be wrong?
Constant change has become the one permanence on which we can rely. There’s no denying that modern knowledge and conveniences have brought us untold advantages. However, at the same time, we have lost our connection to others and our surroundings. Mindfulness meditation brings back that important lost connection to what is happening inside of us and around us. It’s not an antidote to the problems of living in the 21st century, but it can provide the skills to help us cope with many of its problems. | <urn:uuid:d26dca0a-f981-441c-9542-ad9ba59aa1f1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.divineyogashop.co.uk/blogs/wise-words/the-neuroscience-of-mindfulness-meditation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.961087 | 1,332 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Learn to love reading with this Level 2 DK Reader
Discover the world around you with the bright and colourful Sniffles and Sneezes. Everyone sneezes, coughs and yawns - even animals. But why do we all go ah-choo? Discover why we sneeze and what happens when we do.
Level 2 Readers have simple sentences, limited vocabulary and large type - ideal for readers aged 5 to 8 to help them build their confidence.
Sniffles and Sneezes is perfect to read aloud together, with lively illustrations and an engaging story that encourages reading and builds a child's confidence. Now available with text that lights up as you read along. | <urn:uuid:6557b446-9ee5-4601-a7ee-f838639fd671> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dk.com/uk/book/9781409348597-sniffles-and-sneezes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.923255 | 139 | 2.875 | 3 |
Goats were introduced to New Zealand in the early days of European settlement for food, to establish a commercial fibre industry, and for weed control on developing land. The descendants of those that escaped or were deliberately released thrived in the country’s grass hills, forest and scrubland areas.
Today wild goats (Capra hircus) occur on both main islands and a few offshore islands. Wild goats are classifed as wild animals under the Wild Animal Control Act 1977.
Colour wise, they can be white, brown or black, or any combination of these. In New Zealand both sexes have horns. All males and some females are bearded as adults. Males are the largest sex, with clearly heavier forequarters, shaggier coats and larger horns.
Where are they found?
Wild goats are found in a wide range of habitats. They range from sea level to the alpine zone, living in introduced and native grasslands, scrub and forest.
Because they are browsers, their preferred habitat is forest or scrub-covered upland containing areas of grassland. They are agile on steep crags and narrow ledges and can get to areas that deer cannot reach. They like sunny sides of slopes, making use of open places close to the shelter of forest or scrub.
Why are they here?
Goats arrived here as early as 1773, when Captain James Cook released them ashore in the Marlborough Sounds during his second voyage to New Zealand. Early explorers, whalers, sealers and settlers bought goats with them for food, and used them to barter with Māori.
During the late nineteenth - early twentieth century, goats were released onto outlying islands to provide a food source for castaways. Angora goats were introduced about the same time to develop an industry for their fine wool, which never really took off.
As land around the country was ‘developed’, weeds such as gorse, blackberry and briar invaded, and goats were brought in to eat the weeds.
Wild goats now occupy about 14% of New Zealand - about half of this on public conservation land. Total population size is unknown but is estimated to be several hundred thousand.
New Zealand’s native plants are particularly vulnerable to damage from browsing. Herding browsers such as goats cause two-fold damage by eating native plants and by trampling large areas of vegetation and compactable soils.
Goats will eat the foliage of most trees and plants and quickly destroy all vegetation within their reach, eating seedlings, saplings and litter-fall off the forest floor. They do however have strong preferences and will eat out favoured species first such as broadleaf/pāpāuma (Griselinia littoralis) and māhoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) before moving on to less desirable plants. Goats will also strip bark off trees and by eating young seedlings they effectively put a stop to forest regeneration. This takes vital food and shelter from native animals, and can worsen the effects of climate change.
Government control operations of wild goats began in the 1930s in areas where goats competed with sheep for available grazing. These days, goat control is targeted at areas where their browsing threatens rare native plants or damages the forest understorey.
DOC aims to:
- maintain or achieve wild-goat-free areas
- prevent the spread of wild goats into new areas
- manage their numbers elsewhere to reduce pressure on native plants and habitats.
Different control operations at place
Goat control operations today are based on the biodiversity values at each site, threats present, vegetation impacts, feasibility of control/eradication including the risk of reinvasion from neighbouring land, and other conservation management activities happening at the site.
DOC is working to maintain or achieve wild goat free areas in important conservation areas such as Mount Aspiring National Park, Westland Tai Poutini National Park and Taranaki Maunga. Working to maintain or achieve goat free areas is resource intensive, so in other areas DOC works to try and manage numbers to reduce pressure on native ecosystems such as in Hawke's Bay and South Marlborough.
Goats browse native plants like kiekie.
Image: Taranaki Mounga Project
Mount Aspiring National Park
DOC works to keep wild goats out of the park by conducting operations on southeastern side. This effort has successfully maintained a goat-free status; however, ongoing work is required to maintain this.
Westland Tai Poutini National Park
We are currently investigating the feasibility of completely removing small herds of wild goats from the park. However, complete removal may not always be possible due to the rough terrain, cost, and risk of re-invasion.
Over the last century, the area has demonstrated the destructive impact non-native wild goats (and possums) have had on Aotearoa New Zealand’s natural ecosystems, and how effective wild animal management strategies can restore ecosystems and help reverse those changes.
Full eradication was achieved in 2022 after an intensive and targeted goat hunting strategy by Taranaki Mounga Project, DOC and the community. It took a co-ordinated team effort to get rid of all goats in five years. The focus will now be on keeping Taranaki goat free and controlling goats in the wider Taranaki District.
The forest understory is now healthy and vegetation is flourishing, with seedlings and saplings growing in places that were previously bare. Taranaki Mounga is a collaboration between DOC, Taranaki iwi chairs forum, and philanthropic investors NEXT Foundation, and Toi Foundation.
Goat culler Wayne Looney next to kākā beak
Boundary Stream, Hawke's Bay
DOC has worked for over a decade with the Regional Council and a local forestry company to control wild goat numbers around Boundary Stream Mainland Island. Boundary stream is a habitat for several threatened native plants, including the native kākābeak – a plant highly palatable to wild goats.
DOC undertakes annual wild goat control in South Marlborough. South Marlborough is home to approximately 29 Nationally Critical, 26 Nationally Endangered, and 16 Nationally Vulnerable plant species, including unique limestone communities. These plants and ecosystems threatened by wild goats.
About 5,000 goats are removed each year to reduce pressure on these special ecosystems and prevent their spread to the western side of Molesworth and into Nelson Lakes, which are currently goat free.
Map showing wild goat control work locations
Aerial and ground hunting/shooting are the most common methods used for goat control. Other methods used are trapping and mustering.
DOC uses a combination of professional ground hunters and staff with highly trained indicator or bailing dogs for locating wild goats for removal.
DOC cannot do this work alone - wild goats are present throughout the country on both public and private land, with significant numbers in some places.
Hunters, landowners, and other agencies can contribute to wild animal management. Through working together, we can make a bigger difference for nature.
If you encounter a wild goat in an area that DOC is working to keep goat free, report it at firstname.lastname@example.org.
If you are a hunter and can safely remove wild goats, please do so. You only need to report it if the goat is in an area that is meant to be goat free.
Signs goats are present
Tracks show paired hooves with pointed, slightly incurved tips, just like sheep tracks. Faecal pellets can be found singly or in groups and are smooth, an elongated oval shape, rounded at each end – very similar to sheep, sika deer and possums.
The call is a 'meh' rather than a 'baa' (sheep) and rutting males have a pungent smell.1
Te Ara ki Mua Framework for adaptive management of wild animals
Our new adaptive framework has been developed to support the implementation plan for Te Mana o te Taiao – Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy.
The key action of the Framework is to reduce browsing pressure to support ecosystem resilience by:
- improving monitoring, delivery, and evaluation of wild animal management
- coordinating efforts and enhancing capacity across the people, organisations, and agencies involved in wild animal management. | <urn:uuid:690214a4-5f1a-42f7-9a02-f072078c56a4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/pests-and-threats/animal-pests/wild-goats/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.953412 | 1,727 | 3.796875 | 4 |
Coal phase-out sees UK emissions tumble by 4%
A fall in coal use, and subsequent rise in renewables and nuclear electricity sources, has been listed as a prime driver in the UK registering a 4% decline in carbon emissions in 2015, figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) have revealed.
Released on Tuesday (7 February), the ONS figures revealed that “basket emissions” – the seven greenhouse gases listed under the Kyoto Protocol – had fallen by 3.8% in 2015 to 495.7m tonnes. When solely examining carbon emissions, which account for 81% of total UK gas emissions, figures highlight a 4.1% decrease.
The latest figures provide a final update to provisional estimates published in March 2016, highlighting slight changes in the readings.
ONS named a “large decrease in the use of coal for electricity generation” as the main reason for the decline. The UK energy supply sector recorded a more-than 12% decrease in “basket emissions” in 2015, thanks to the ongoing shift in generational sources.
In total, energy sector emissions have tumbled by almost 50% since 1990, while emissions from the waste sector have fallen by 73% in that timeframe. For 2015, waste management emissions recorded a 7% decrease due to less resources being sent to landfill.
According to the analysis, the current downward trend in emissions has placed the UK on track to surpass its second carbon budget, which requires a 29% reduction in emissions below the 1990 baseline by the end of 2017. For 2015, UK emissions were 38% below the baseline putting it on a trajectory to meet the third carbon budget of a 35% reduction, providing there are no significant increases in emissions before 2020.
Heavy business sectors, such as steelworks and construction, reduced emissions by 2.6% in 2015, although this was attributed to the closure of a large steelworks facility. However, if the UK is to hit longer-term targets, including the recently approved fifth carbon budget, the Government may have to target struggling sectors.
The fifth carbon budget seeks to limit the annual emissions to 57% below 1990 levels by the year 2032. If the UK is to reach this target, improvements need to be made to agriculture, land use change and transport sectors. Agriculture emissions flatlined again in 2015, and transport emissions climbed by 2%.
ONS figures have previously revealed that transport is the only sector in the UK that has seen increased emissions since 1970. For 2015, both land use charge and the residential sector increased by 1% and 4% respectively. ONS attributes the increase in household emissions to colder weather.
© Faversham House Ltd 2023 edie news articles may be copied or forwarded for individual use only. No other reproduction or distribution is permitted without prior written consent. | <urn:uuid:f689914f-59a0-4344-a983-e27028179b59> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.edie.net/coal-phase-out-sees-uk-emissions-tumble-by-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.941827 | 572 | 2.59375 | 3 |
From the Middle East and North Africa
Save the Children (SC-UK) is using three approaches to promote inclusion in co-operation with UNESCO and local partners:
A regional conference and two national conferences have been held in Syria and Egypt, and more are planned for Morocco and Lebanon.
Translation and dissemination of materials:
Decision makers, administrators, educators, parents and children need information about inclusion. We are planning the construction of an Arabic language section on EENET’s web site.
In order to demonstrate effective methods of combating exclusion at the school and community level. Our initiatives for children with disabilities, are rooted firmly in ongoing or developing CBR programmes. However we aim to demonstrate that inclusion is a strategy that increases participation and learning for all children.
JRA Williams, Early Childhood, Care and Development (ECCD) and Education Advisor SC-UK Middle East and North Africa Region
From the UK
The Index for Inclusion, written by Tony Booth and Mel Ainscow and published by the Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), has been translated into a number of other languages. Anyone interested in these translations or in contacting the people undertaking those translations in various countries should contact Mark Vaughan.
The different languages include: Norwegian, Finnish, German, Spanish (managed by UNESCO in Chile for 18+ countries), Spanish for Spain. Translations soon to be completed: Arabic (Egypt & Syria), Chinese (Hong Kong) Hungarian, Maltese. Versions of the index are also being used in Australia, Romania, Portugal, South Africa, India, Quebec and Montreal.
Inclusion Week, November 11-15, 2002
There is to be an Inclusion Week held across the whole of the UK in November 2002 with the invitation to all overseas countries to join in and arrange events at the same time which promote inclusion. The themes of the week are ‘Breaking down barriers to learning and participation’, and ‘Developing and celebrating inclusion’. Inclusion week is being organised by the Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE) as part of its 20th anniversary. The event is open for anyone to take part in, if they support inclusion as an essential part of building a better and more just society. CSIE hopes the week will encourage guarantees of support for developing inclusive education in schools and elsewhere.
From Latin America
“Learning to include and including to learn” was the slogan for Latin America’s First Congress on Inclusive Education. This lively and practical congress was held in Joao Pessoa, North-East Brazil, December 8-13 2002. It was organised by Ed Todos, a newly formed Brazilian non-governmental organisation which supports and promotes education for all children (see Enabling Education Issue 5).
EdTodos was supported by students from the Federal University of Paraiba who could easily be seen in their “Inclusive Education is a Human Rights Issue” ‘T’ shirts.
“Learning to include and including to learn”
Participants came from Peru, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, Guyana, Cayman Islands, Portugal, UK, and from all over Brazil. The aim was to promote the sharing of experience about inclusion and exclusion with a major focus on the Latin American region, and to launch a regional network, linked to EENET and EdTodos. Race, gender, ethnicity and disability were the main issues of exclusion discussed during the week. A journal entitled ‘International Perspectives in Inclusive Education’ was launched at the congress. | <urn:uuid:c6d752ca-94ba-4162-9208-6334af6f1463> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.eenet.org.uk/enabling-education-review/enabling-education-6/newsletter-6/6-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.953587 | 733 | 2.59375 | 3 |
I have found one reading decision that will change your middle school classroom. It is pretty simple.
First, English teachers and reading teachers, have a very difficult job. We have to get students to do the one thing many of them do not like to do-READ. The majority of kids do not like to read on their own time. When it comes to their priorities, unfortunately, reading is usually last on the list. In addition, assigned reading often adds to their disinterest of reading. There is a simple decision you can make in your middle school classroom, where your students will be begging you to read more-Relevant, current, popular teenage trends. fads and novelty topics.
Know Your Audience
First, if you teach middle or high school, you know your students obsess over social media, YouTube, Netflix, Snapchat and other popular trends like Fortnite and VSCO. Teachers have their mandatory curriculum, and we have no choice but to teach it. However, when a teacher does have a choice or decision in choosing literature or non-fiction, they have to think about their audience-What would a teenager like to read to get them interesting, talking and hungry to read more? What would they not be able to take their eyes off of in your classroom? The answer? Reading that is engaging, interesting and current. Students love to keep up with the latest fads, novelties and trends. This reading decision will have your students wanting to read more, and isn’t that what we want to see from our students? We want to see they are enjoying reading and are completely interested and engaged!
Trend & Fads Reading Comprehension Activities
One way to encourage the love of reading in your classroom is to sprinkle some of these trend and fad articles into your curriculum. You can use them as ancillary material, or you can extend the reading with the reading comprehension questions.
What Activities Can I Do With These Trend Articles?
- Assess Your Students’ Reading Comprehension-These articles come with higher and lower level multiple-choice reading comprehension questions to assess your students’ knowledge of the articles. Here, you will be able to understand you students’ knowledge of inference, words in context, main idea, theme, and other important ELA skills.
2. Short Answer Response & Paragraph Writing–Teach and review paragraph writing with your students with the short answer questions that accompany the articles.
3. Teach and Practice Argument Writing or Debating- All the articles look at both sides of an argument. You can easily have your students choose a side, and find text-based evidence to support his/her side. In addition, you can teach your students how to debate and hold a mini debate in your class for any of these articles.
4. Fishbowl & Socratic Seminar Activities-Because these topics are so relevant, I guarantee your students will love to talk about them. Have your students read the articles, and let them participate in speaking activities, where their voice matters. I bet they will love to talk all about these trends!
I hope these are a hit in your classroom! | <urn:uuid:b100a0f9-84c9-48f1-9c37-56cfcfad735e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.englishohmy.com/one-reading-decision-that-will-have-your-students-begging-to-read-more-teenage-trends-fads/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.956523 | 645 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Denmark is located in Northern Europe. The form of government is a parliamentary democracy, which means that there is a queen who only has a representative function. Denmark also includes the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which geographically belongs to North America. Denmark has only one national border, that of Germany. Otherwise the country is surrounded by the sea.
Member of the VWP: 1991
Population: Mainland 5,806,081 (as at 1 January 2019)
Political System: Parliamentary Hereditary Monarchy
Year of foundation: 980 A.D.
Official language: Danish
Tourist office: https://www.visitdenmark.com/ | <urn:uuid:4c8989e7-819c-4133-91c9-ac1fcf56a07e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.esta-united.co.uk/vwp/denmark | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.964657 | 134 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Landscape lighting refers to outdoor lighting projects that have both lighting functions and artistic decoration functions. Landscape lighting can be divided into garden landscape lighting, road landscape lighting, architectural landscape lighting, cultural tourism landscape lighting. Landscape lighting has always been an important way to show characteristics of buildings and even the entire city. With the increasing demands for architectural and landscpe lighting, single-color lights no longer meet the growing needs of multiple scene changes. Two-color, three-color RGB, four-color RGBW and other multi-color LED light products are more and more favored.
By superposing and combining different colors of LEDs, the RGB color mixing system can achieve more and richer colors. We can get and mix a variety of colors by changing the three color channels of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). RGBW color mixing can even ensure the brightness of white light and further mix any other colors. More color mixing methods are constantly emerging. There are 5 or 7 more colors have been mixed, which can achieve higher quality white light and richer colors.
EXC Lighting has LED flood lights of various colors such as white light, RGB color mixing, RGBW color mixing, etc. to help you create landscape lighting projects that is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and shows your unique city styles. Colorful lighting is not equal to landscape lighting. EXC Lighting believes that landscape lighting has to focus on humanistic aesthetics, light atmosphere and safety and comfort. Only in this way, can landscape lighting project makes the the city magnificent. Contact EXC Lighting for more LED landscape lighting solutions.
LED light color temperature is a unit of measure that expresses the color components contained in light. LED light color temperature is measured in "K" (Kelvin). LED light kelvin scale can also be seen as a measure of temperature. When a black object is heated to different temperatures, it will emit different colors of light. Just like when you heat a block of iron, the block first turns red, then yellow, and finally white.
It is generally believed that the lower the LED light color temperature, the warmer the light; the higher the LED light color temperature, the cooler the light. The color temperature below 3000K makes LED light look warm, the color temperature of 3000~6000K makes LED light look cool, and the color temperature exceeds 6000K makes LED light look cold.
The LED light color temperature used for landscape lighting is generally around 2200-6500k, which helps to provide a clearer view at night and have lower energy consumption. | <urn:uuid:bdc0e02d-5337-4878-980a-d178075bf80c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.exclighting.com/search-by-led-flood-light-colors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.925575 | 522 | 2.765625 | 3 |
In January 2019, the Eat-Lancet Commission issued the world’s first scientific targets for a healthy diet that places food production within planetary boundaries.
The resulting EAT-Lancet reference diet promotes increased consumption of nuts, fruits, legumes and vegetables. It also suggests that global consumption of red meat and sugar needs to decrease by more than 50% by 2050.
In some regions, however, sharper adjustments may be required to meet the dietary guidelines. In North America, for example, people eat an average of 6.5 times the recommended amount of red meat, while countries in South East Asia consume just half the recommended levels.
The report authors calculated that globally, this diet shift could reduce mortality rates from diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), averting between 10.9 and 11.6 million premature deaths each year.
One year on, researchers from statistical consultancy EpiX Analytics have published concerns that these figures were miscalculated, and that in the US, the proposed diet would have no greater impact on mortality reduction than energy consumption changes.
In a fresh report published 15 February 2020 in The Journal of Nutrition, EpiX Analytics colleagues argue the EAT-Lancet report did not meet standards for transparency and replicability, nor did it ‘fully’ account for statistical uncertainty.
“Our attempt to replicate the mortality calculations for the US revealed flaws in the assumptions and methods used to estimate the avoided mortalities,” noted the authors.
“After correcting some calculation errors and fully accounting for uncertainty in the avoided mortalities, the mortality reduction effect of the EAT-Lancet proposed diet in the US is no greater than the impact of energy consumption changes that would prevent underweight, overweight, and obesity alone.”
The report concludes that further independent validation is required before the EAT-Lancet report can be used to inform dietary guidelines.
Yet the EAT-Lancet Commission does not agree. According to Dr Marco Springmann, who co-authored the report, the NCD analysis ‘fully adhered’ to transparency and reporting standards, and included a comprehensive methodological appendix.
EAT-Lancet responds: ‘The number of avoidable deaths is sizeable’
The EAT-Lancet report included three estimates of impacts that dietary changes towards the EAT-Lancet diet could have for diet-related disease mortality.
Despite using different methodology, Dr Springmann, senior researcher on environmental sustainability and public health at the University of Oxford, told FoodNavigator they all arrived at roughly the same conclusion, “indicating significant reductions in diet-related disease mortality in each region”.
Concerning the US, the EAT-Lancet Commission estimated that dietary changes towards dietary patterns that are in line with the EAT-Lancet recommendations – flexitarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, vegan – could reduce premature mortality by 22-24% in 2030, depending on the dietary pattern.
“Balancing weight levels reduced premature mortality by about 17%, and changes in dietary composition 7-10%, with greater contributions in the more plant-based dietary patterns,” noted Dr Springmann.
In general, the relative contribution between changes in dietary composition and energy intake associated with weight changes depends on the level of overweight and obesity in a country, the co-author explained.
The US happens to have one of the highest levels of overweight and obesity. “That said, the number of avoidable deaths from changes in dietary composition – around 200,000 in the US in 2030 – is still sizeable and warrants to be taken seriously.”
Source: The Journal of Nutrition
‘The EAT-Lancet Commission’s Dietary Composition May Not Prevent Noncommunicable Disease Mortality’
Published 15 February 2020
Authors: Francisco J Zagmutt, Jane G Pouzou, Solenne Costard | <urn:uuid:65a9a53c-0a31-44bf-be3b-6a9e46b421c5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2020/02/20/Could-the-EAT-Lancet-diet-really-save-10-million-lives-Researchers-question-report-s-NCD-stats?utm_source=copyright&utm_medium=OnSite&utm_campaign=copyright | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.92537 | 819 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Fish oil (also called N-3 or omega-3 fatty acids) have been recommended in the past to decrease the chance of heart attacks and strokes. Harvard Medical Center sponsored a huge study involving more than 25,000 adults. The study included men and women, and all racial groups. These were individuals who did not have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as Diabetes, Hypertension, or elevated cholesterol. After more than 5 years, there was no difference between the fish oil and the placebo groups with regard to heart attacks, strokes, cancer, or all cause mortality. This was a high quality study with a low risk of bias, so its conclusion, that fish oil supplement is not worthwhile, is valid. New England Journal of Medicine, Jan 2019. | <urn:uuid:e180c78d-090c-4e33-91c9-8e80e7c130c4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gategi.com/2019/03/25/fish-oil-supplements-do-not-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-or-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.975324 | 153 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Mitochondria are referred to as “power-houses of cell” as they generate the majority of cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, ß-oxidation of short-, medium and long- chain fatty acids is carried in mitochondria and mitochondria are involved in ROS generation and apoptosis. Mitochondria also play a key role in intermediary metabolism.
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to variety of market therapeutics and also to several pathological diseases. Therefore studying or checking mitochondrial health is paramount to cell health. | <urn:uuid:cca71719-25e7-406b-8170-aa172f2edec2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gbiosciences.com/Mitochondrial_Assays | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.927061 | 109 | 2.75 | 3 |
While the full swing climbing season in the Alaska Range has yet to begin, the planning stages for various groups are underway. The National Park Service, air taxis and mountaineering groups are figuring out their upcoming 2019 climbing logistics. One particular group of climbing scientists from Dartmouth College have been coming through Talkeetna for over ten years to collect ice core samples on Mt. Hunter. Even with their advantage of scientific research, they too, are challenged by how to plan accordingly for the best window to be mountaineering due to the warmer summer temperatures in the Alaska Range.
As an expert on climate change, Erich Osterberg has been studying ice cores from around the world, including Greenland and on Mt. Hunter of Denali National Park. | <urn:uuid:8d29bc0b-8c7b-46bd-a44a-6ae0f69f2f14> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.georgewrightsociety.org/post/ice-core-samples-from-mt-hunter-in-denali-np-pres-show-direct-evidence-of-climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.961133 | 150 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Mia Amerson was only 2 months old when she was diagnosed with sickle cell anemia disease (SCD). Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition in which there aren’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid, sticky and are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. These irregularly shaped cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body.
Things started pretty quickly. From age 6 months through May of 2016, she needed frequent blood transfusions. At the early age of 15 months, and after many hospital visits and blood transfusions she had to receive a splenectomy. Mia had many trips to the hospital due to what is called a “Crisis” or “Pain Crisis.” Crises for Mia were instances when her body temperature rose over 100.1 degrees and she experienced co-existing pain in her legs, feet, hands and/or arms. Her fevers sometimes reached as high as 104 degrees and she experienced pneumonia during one episode, as well.
As a result of multiple and frequent crises with no improvement, her caregivers at SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital recommended a bone marrow transplant, which gave her parents a lot to think about. After deciding to proceed with the transplant, Mia’s chronic illnesses caused a delay for transplant several times; however, she was finally able to receive her transplant in May, 2016.
Mia’s health has turned around since transplant and she’s beginning to start a more normal kid’s life. In August of 2017, Mia will start Kindergarten and she is so thankful for her caregivers in The Costas Center and the bone marrow donor that allowed her another chance at life. | <urn:uuid:b66a3ec1-69a6-4871-9269-75a0f2740ad7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.glennon.org/mia-amerson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.975822 | 384 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The energy market in 2022 in Brazil was resilient and had solar energy as one of the main sources of growth in the year. The electricity sector has undergone important changes inside and outside the country.
The use of biofuels by companies has been increasing due to the growing commitment to complying with good ESG practices, acronym for Environmental, Social and Governance, which consists of a set of practices adopted by companies for the conservation of the environment.
Bioenergy is energy created from biomass that can be used both for the production of electricity and for the generation of heat and biofuels. Biomass is organic matter that can be of animal or plant origin. In other words, bioenergy can be generated from several sources, each of which has different characteristics and efficiency.
With the resumption of activities in the post-pandemic period, there was an increase in electricity consumption in Brazil. Mainly, the beverage, food and service sectors were responsible for the 1.4% increase compared to the same period last year. According to the CCEE survey, in the first half of 2022, the country consumed an average of 66.02 MW of electricity.
Since the beginning of Russia's attacks on Ukraine in February 2022, the energy issue has been on the agenda, showing the urgency of accelerating the global energy transition, especially in the case of European countries. With the sanctions imposed on Russia, there was a shortage of Russian oil and gas, bringing global consequences from an economic point of view. In other words, the increase in the price of gasoline and its derivatives, regardless of whether the fuel is of Russian origin or not, has had an impact on the value of all products transported by road.
The carbon market emerged in 1997, at COP 3, in Japan. It was with the Kyoto Protocol that the first rules for regulated markets and the permission to create voluntary markets were instituted. Since then, countries have joined the market and created their own initiatives.
The possible suspension of readjustments in the electricity sector has been causing uncertainty in the market. Due to the shortage of rains that occurred in 2020 and 2021, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) released new increases in energy rates.
What is the expectation for the Ten Year Energy Expansion Plan (PDE) 2031? Since January 2022, the MME has turned its attention to the PDE 2031, opening the public consultation to receive contributions from society. At the end of the term, in February, the participation of more than 50 institutions was registered.
The energy transition is a subject that has become a trend in many countries. With the advance of global warming and its consequences, there is an urgent need for migration to a low carbon economy.
How will energy consumption in Brazil in the next decade? The energy sector in the country and around the world has been undergoing a transition with the aim of promoting decarbonization, digitization and decentralization (3Ds). | <urn:uuid:f4dd482e-3b1f-47fc-9067-2d2a1aa084c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gnpw.com.br/en/category/energy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.969292 | 597 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Distributed Generation in Brazil has grown in the last 10 years. Understand the importance of the solar array for this development and the planned investments.
The Distributed Generation (DG) in Brazil was standardized through ANEEL Normative Resolution No. 482/2012 and since then the model has grown in the country. In 2021, GD reached the mark of 5 GW of installed capacity. In addition, according to the Brazilian Association of Distributed Generation (ABGD), other milestones have followed the progress, such as 400,000 connections installed and 500,000 consumer units using this model.
Currently, most connections are aimed at household consumption (48%), followed by commercial establishments (38%), rural units (14%), industry (1%) and public service (1%). The Brazilian Association of Photovoltaic Solar Energy (ABSOLAR) foresees private investments of R $ 22.6 billion, in 2021, in Distributed Generation and Centralized Generation.
The main matrices used in Distributed Generation in Brazil
The Distributed Generation has grown in recent years, as the consumer realized that it is a way to reduce expenses. In the country, the state ranking is led by Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul. This model brings autonomy and security, whether for commercial, industrial or residential areas. In addition, GD users are not at the mercy of yellow or red flags from the energy distributors.
In Brazil, the matrix most used in Distributed Generation (DG) is solar energy. The solar source is renewable and clean, being very competitive and a good lever for economic, social and environmental development. This matrix has already generated more than 260 thousand jobs in the country, more than R $ 12 billion in tax collection and 9.5 tons of CO2 that are no longer emitted. It is estimated that, in 2024, there will be more than 800 thousand solar energy systems connected to the grid in the Brazilian territory.
Much of Brazil’s Distributed Generation uses solar energy as its matrix. However, biomass is a renewable source that is being explored, as it has great potential. The country stands out worldwide for its agricultural production, thus producing a large amount of biomass. Biomass is a source that generates solid, liquid or gaseous fuels that can be used both for power generation and in other production chains.
What are the impacts on GD with the change of legislation in the sector?
The Distributed Generation, in addition to favoring the consumer, brings benefits to the electrical system and diversifies the country’s energy matrix. But, although the model has been growing and showing adherence in the country, there is a proposal to revise Normative Resolution 482/2012 by the National Electric Energy Agency (Aneel). The change foresees a reduction of more than 60% in savings for the citizen who invests in the generation of his own clean and renewable electric energy. The expectation of the sector is that the PL 5829/2019 is approved before the change of the standard.
The project called the legal framework for solar energy provides that the installed minis and microgenerators have 50% or 100% discount on charges and tariffs. Thus, you will have 100% discount for those who request access to energy distributors and 50% discount for others. There is an expectation of job creation with this new project, reaching 1 million new jobs and R $ 139 billion invested in Brazil by 2050. The project is still being processed in the Chamber of Deputies.
Finally, we conclude that investments in Distributed Generation in Brazil are extremely associated with legal regulations. Both companies and consumers have shown interest in this type of model, but it is necessary that the laws continue to value accessibility and facilitate accession financing.
If you liked our content and do not want to miss the news of the sector, follow us on social networks! | <urn:uuid:85819d57-f5b1-4be7-9a81-82528a872878> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.gnpw.com.br/en/economy/investments-in-distributed-generation-dg-in-brazil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.942431 | 791 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Problems , studies show the existence of patients who have suffered ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke and thrombosis. On the other hand, encephalopathy has been seen to develop in cases of severe hypoxia, where the oxygen supply to the brain has been interrupted. The main problem in these cases has been related to the altered level of consciousness of the affected person. Meanwhile, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) has been seen to be caused by the presence of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Neuropsychological alterations in covid-19 if the previously indicated neurological symptoms have been little known by the general population, the E Commerce Photo Editing neuropsychological symptoms have been much less so. For this reason, the people affected by this type of damage have been devoid of a specific action protocol with which to act to alleviate the deficits presented. However, some institutions dedicated to neurorehabilitation have begun to implement intervention programs to recover the previous state of the person's cognitive functions. Among the main neuropsychological symptoms that have been observed in patients with neurological damage derived from covid-19 are memory deficits , deficits in executive functions, and affective-type problems .
Other studies also include attention problems, indicating that there is a decrease in the ability to concentrate with which a task is carried out. Likewise, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been observed, including delirium, dysphoria, isolation, mood swings and lack of inhibition among them. It is evident that this set of symptoms can influence the person's functional capacity, reducing and modifying their quality of life. Every day, we can appreciate, around us, that there are people who indicate one or several of these deficits in their cognition, without knowing exactly what is happening and if they will return to their previous state. | <urn:uuid:ab9c2f22-caf5-4a8b-a207-cef2bcff46d6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.growthforgirls.com/forum/welcome-to-the-forum/among-cardiovascular-e-commerce-photo-editing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.963958 | 368 | 2.9375 | 3 |
January 30, 2018
The “Gesellschaft von Freunden des HHI e. V.” (Society of Friends of the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut) was founded in 1924 with the aim of establishing a research institute like the HHI. The society’s efforts later changed into supporting scientific work at the institute, for example by awarding prizes and scholarships. Today, special attention is paid to getting young people interested in science and research, e.g. with the series of events "Forschen macht Spaß" (Research is fun).
In 2013, the "Gesellschaft von Freunden des HHI e.V." and the teacher Christina Proll-Schutte from the Paul-Simmel-Grundschule in Berlin-Tempelhof developed a concept to introduce primary school children to natural sciences and technology in a playful way. Since then, the concept has been successfully implemented several times:
After a preparatory phase at school, the children visit the Fraunhofer HHI in Charlottenburg for about two hours. An interactive lecture explains to them what a research institute is and what researchers do there. The children then conduct simple experiments in small groups under supervision and record them. The children craft windmills, for example, get mini-mobiles going and light bulbs shining via solar energy. During the follow-up work at school, the children inform each other about their experiments and deepen what they have learned. The visit is intended to be a memorable experience for the children, which is perhaps able to guide their choice of education and career towards the STEM subjects.
Volunteer scientists who have previously spent part of their professional lives at Fraunhofer HHI assist the children. In this way, the scientists pass on their knowledge and get the children enthusiastic about technology and science at the same time. A young participant summed up his impressions as follows: "Research is quite exhausting, but it's also fun!”
- Those who also want to stay connected with former colleagues,
- who want to do voluntary work,
- and who want to stay informed about current developments at the Fraunhofer HHI,
to those we recommend to become a member of the “Freunde des HHI” ("Friends of the HHI"). More information can be found here . | <urn:uuid:24f7c0d4-2b7a-434a-83d1-582c6beed3ac> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hhi.fraunhofer.de/en/fraunhofer-hhi-the-institute/about-us/history-of-hhi/90-years-hhi/what-do-the-members-of-the-gesellschaft-von-freunden-des-hhi-e-v-actually-do.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.958658 | 493 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Description of Historic Place
Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge National Historic Site of Canada is a former working farm dominated by a larger, two-storey Italianate-style stone building standing high on a hill. It is located beside the Grand River in the former hamlet of Aboyne between Elora and Fergus in southwestern Ontario. For almost a century, this was the county poorhouse: today it is the county museum and archives. The official recognition refers to the cultural landscape including the farmlands, barn and outbuildings and the residential building.
Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge was designated a national historic site in 1995:
- as the oldest identified example of a state-supported poorhouse or alms house; and
- as an important 19th-century social institution, it provides an excellent illustration of the origins of the important 20th-century theme, state involvement in social policy.
The heritage value of the Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge resides in its representation of the state supported poorhouse as illustrated by the cultural landscape of a working farm dominated by a large residential building.
The Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge was built in 1876-1877 as the shelter of last resort for the homeless and destitute in Wellington County. Its original inhabitants traded their domestic or agricultural labour for spartan living accommodations. In later years it became a home for the elderly and infirm. Designed by Guelph architect Victor Stewart, the building was modified over the years, acquiring an entry porch in 1907, and rear additions in 1892-93 and 1954-55.
Throughout its history, the Wellington County House of Industry and Refuge operated as a working farm. Its grounds contain a barn, built by Elora architect John Taylor in 1877, with a silo attached in 1914, an 1888 driveshed and shed, 1927 front gates, a 1947 boilerhouse, fields and pastures, and a cemetery (1888-1946). The institution closed in 1971 and the main building was rehabilitated as the Wellington county Archives and Museum in 1987-88. Part of the farm survives in agricultural production.
Source: Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Minutes, November 1995.
Key features contributing to the heritage value of this site include:
- the integrity of the cultural landscape as a working farm dominated by a large institutional building;
- the siting of the residential building on a rise overlooking the farmlands;
- the grouping of farm buildings to one side of the residential building;
- the location of the graveyard in the far northeastern corner of the property;
- the integrity of circulation and access patterns within buildings, between and among buildings, between and among buildings and agricultural landscape features;
- the presence of a formal entrance with a main gate and treed entrance drive;
- the integrity of the form and materials of the entrance gate;
The House of Industry (residential building)
- the L-shaped footprint of the residential building predating the archives addition;
- the two-storey, Italianate-style original residential building standing high on a raised basement with projecting central frontispiece capped by a belfry, projecting end pavilions, tall segmentally headed windows, and heavily bracketed eaves;
- its masonry construction;
- the sympathetic form and massing of the 1890s east addition;
- surviving evidence of the interior layout as institutional residence and hospital;
- surviving materials and finishes in major public spaces;
- its rectangular massing and footprint;
- its timber-frame construction and vertical board sheathing;
- its design as a dairy and hay barn with sloped ramp access to sliding doors on one side and high stone foundation on the opposite side;
- its interior layout with housing for cows at lower level, root cellars at the south end, and hay storage above;
- its attached silo;
- its rectangular footprint and massing under a pitched roof with shed-roofed shelter along one side;
- its wood construction and rough board sheathing;
- its large doors for vehicular entry;
The Storage Shed
- its rectangular footprint and massing under a pitched roof;
- its wood construction and board sheathing;
- its large door at the gable end. | <urn:uuid:e53e411c-c79b-4d0f-b39b-9c5b1d8d10e5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=7691&pid=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.956262 | 883 | 2.671875 | 3 |
The Black Forest Horse is an endangered German breed. They are light draft horses native to the Black Forest region of southern Germany. Despite their popularity, the Black Forest Horse is still in danger of extinction. This article explores the life of this light draft horse and how to purchase one. In addition to information on the breed’s origins, we also provide information on life span and color variations. Read on for more information! Continue reading to learn more about this rare and beautiful breed!
The Black Forest Horse is a light draft horse that’s considered an endangered German breed. It originates from the Black Forest in southern Germany. Sadly, this breed is no longer able to maintain its original population. Breeders are trying to save the breed by creating new breeding programs and working to preserve the heritage of this unique animal. But, are these efforts enough to save this unique German breed? Read on for tips on finding and connecting with a Black Forest Horse breeder.
To breed a Black Forest Horse, you need to know about the standards that govern this type of horse. Its conformation, movement, and overall look are all considered important factors. Its performance ability is assessed through tests focusing on basic gaits, disposition, and performance potential. Breeders must adhere to strict guidelines and regulations for breeding Black Forest Horses, and only the best will be allowed to breed. Breeders can help you choose the right horse for your family’s needs by providing you with the information you need.
The Black Forest Horse originated in the mountainous Black Forrest region of southern Germany. Locally, they are known as Pearls of the Black Forest. Though their use as a heavy draft horse is rare, this breed is used for other purposes as well. They may be used as driving or carriage horses, serving as mascots for local events, pulling wedding carriages, or pulling parades. Due to its gentle temperament, the Black Forest Horse makes a great riding horse, and its versatility has helped it increase its numbers both within and outside of Germany.
A Black Forest horse is a beautiful, old breed. Originally used for forest work, the breed has been rediscovered and is now available for purchase in some countries. While the price of these horses can vary depending on the breed, the average price of an older horse is around $4500 to $9500. In addition, the price of a Black Forest horse may also depend on whether the horse is a mare or a gelding, as mares tend to be more expensive than geldings. The cost of caring for the horse will be around $500 to $700 a month, depending on the horse’s age and gender.
The Black Forest horse has a rich chestnut coat and a dense golden mane. It is an exceptionally strong breed that was originally used for forestry and agricultural work. Today, the breed is primarily used for riding, though it can also be harnessed for riding. These horses are also known for their temperament, making them ideal companions for beginners. The Black Forest horse can be purchased straight from the manufacturer, so be sure to research the breed before making the purchase.
Black Forest horses are highly sought after and demand a high price. The breed is rare and can command a high price, so it is best to contact a breeder and connect with one. Be prepared to wait for the horse to reach you. And don’t forget to budget for substantial shipping expenses. A Black Forest horse can be a valuable addition to your family. Just keep in mind that they’re worth every penny.
The Black Forest Horse is a hardy breed with excellent temperament and general health. Unlike other breeds, it is also easy to raise, even when fed a diet high in grass. Although this horse does not have any breed specific diseases, if it is overfed, it may become overweight. It also benefits from regular grooming and special attention to its thick mane and tail. But the life expectancy of a Black Forest horse is not as long as other horses.
The Black Forest horse is a small draft breed that evolved in southern Germany. Their distinctive coloration, mane, and tail are very distinguishable. These horses have been used for centuries as draft animals and are still widely used for this purpose. They are also excellent riding companions and are suitable for novice owners, because they can be fed a general horse diet. This breed evolved in the Black Forest of Baden-Wurtemberg, Germany.
The Black Forest Horse’s natural habitat is harsh. Because it suffers from cold temperatures, these horses were developed to survive in this region. The Black Forest is a region that is over 100 miles long and 30 miles wide. Breeding the Black Forest horse dates back to the 15th century, when the monasteries that raised them began breeding them. The local breed, the Walderpferd, is also known as the Black Forest Horse.
The Black Forest horse is a breed of German horse that is well-known for its rich chestnut coat. The tail and mane are long and featherless. The color of the coat can vary from almost black to light chestnut. The Black Forest horse’s coat is made up of a mixture of chestnut and flaxen hair. They have long, sleek legs and a powerful, smooth tail. Colors of the Black Forest horse may be light, medium, dark, or a combination of both.
The Black Forest horse is a versatile breed. They can live on a forage-only diet and have excellent temperaments. Breeders have selectively bred them since 1875 for their color. A Black Forest horse’s base color is always accompanied by a flaxen mane and tail. The breed is not known for being any other color. There are many different variations in the colors of this horse, but the majority of them are chestnut and flaxen.
The Black Forest Horse’s popularity has increased since the 1980s, when the FAO listed it as endangered. This horse breed has grown from a small number to a large one. By the 1990s, it had surpassed a hundred mares and two stallions. Breeders saved this unique breed and its number grew to 1077 stallions and mares. The Black Forest Horse’s plight is now under control. A few stallion stallions still stand at German stud farms, with many more being bred in a more controlled setting.
If you’re interested in owning a Black Forest Horse, you may be wondering what the value is. Although they’re not commonly available for sale, you’ll need to befriend a breeder in Germany to buy one. The breed is not only beautiful, but it is also worth learning more about, so take the time to read this article. Once you’ve read it, feel free to comment below and let us know your favorite aspect of the breed!
Despite its relatively low price, the Black Forest Horse has a reputation for being beautiful and docile, and many owners are pleasantly surprised by their ability to perform several different functions. The breed is also well-suited for driving and carriage pulling. Its friendly demeanor and gentle disposition make it an excellent choice for beginning horse owners, and it has earned many accolades as a popular equine. Other names for the breed include Schwarzwalder Fuchs, Walder Horse, and Saint Margener.
The black forest horse is originally a breed of equine working animals. Its name comes from the forests where it was bred. These animals are well-adapted to the highland environments of Germany. They are relatively low-maintenance and affordable, making them an ideal all-round workhorse for pre-industrial farmers. The breed was developed and regulated by a studbook in the 1890s. Despite the low price, they were still used for forestry and farming.
The black forest horse is a breed of horse found in Germany and Austria. They are about 14.2 to 15 hands tall and live for over thirty years. This breed is known for its gentle disposition, even temperament, and lively movement. The breed also tends to be easy to maintain. If you are considering acquiring a Black Forest horse for a family pet, there are several things you should know about them. Read on to find out more about this breed!
The black forest horse has a beautiful coat that’s soft and luscious. Its chestnut coat is paired with long, thick mane and tail. The darkest coat and mane colour is called Dunklefuchs, which is named after the dark fox. The Black Forest horse has a light to medium-weight draught horse build, with a short, strong neck, thick mane, and powerful hindquarters. These horses have large, clean eyes, a rounded head, and plenty of bone. Their long tails are also characteristic of the breed.
The black forest horse’s mane is silver and can grow long. It may extend to the forelock. They are believed to originate from the Black Forest region of Germany. In 1896, the Sankt Margen region opened a studbook for the breed. Today, the city hosts an annual festival called Rossfest. In addition to a traditional studbook, the Black forest horse breed has an active breeding program. | <urn:uuid:1edd6fd8-9700-4637-9a7c-f08adc60f4aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.horseranger.com/the-black-forest-horse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.957697 | 1,908 | 2.9375 | 3 |
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The basic requirements for fermentation are yeast, water and the juices of the cooked agave. Nothing more is necessary. The basic liquid is called the mosto (must or wort) or tepache. The juice extraction process plays a role in the concentration of sugars in the mosto. Many producers use modern crushing machines that squeeze the cooked agave fibres and rinse them with water up to four times, to extract the most juice possible. Traditional producers using the tahona (millstone or grinding wheel) simply add water to the crushed fibres to drain off the juices.
Updated May, 2011
Part 1 of 3: 16th & 17th Centuries
Distillation of agave syrup was likely inspired by the native drink pulque - tequila's distant and once-removed cousin. Early in the 16th century, someone among the invading Spanish recognized the potential for the agave: if it could produce a low-alcohol drink, it could also be used to make something stronger.
Fortunately for the Spaniards, then, that they arrived in what is now Mexico. Had they landed in what is now the USA, they would not have found even pulque. According to Henry Bruman (see sources), no native alcoholic beverage was made further north than today's Southwest states of Nevada and Arizona.
Distillation in Europe goes back to the 13th century. It may have been started in Mexico by the Conquistadors or their troops as early as the 1520s, although 1535 has also been proposed. There is academic disagreement over how and when it started, but the general belief is that it began within two decades of the arrival of the Conquistadors. Some references suggest it was started by sailors who arrived with the Conquistadors. Records show the Spaniards were already brewing beer by 1544, and pulque was also being made.
Some researchers also believe there is evidence of Prehispanic distillation, but this remains unproven and based solely on interpretation of archeological remains that may be early Filipino stills. While that interpretation has been disputed, however similar finds have recently been made in China that are much older.
Some believe distillation was initially introduced by Filipinos arriving via the Manila galleons which docked in Colima and Jalisco. The seamen used their stills initially to make coconut brandy (they may have also brought the coconut palm with them - it was introduced into Western Mexico through the ports of Colima and Acapulco, from Panama around 1539, from the Solomon Islands around 1569 and from the Philippines from 1571 onwards).
The Filipino technology used local materials and was easily fashioned for small-scale distillation, which helped spread the process among the natives, outwards from the coast, into areas where there were no palms, so the agave was used instead.
Others believe it was the Spanish themselves who brought distillation to the New World. There is some evidence the Conquistadors tried to make spirits by distilling the fermented pulque directly in these native stills, in Colima and possibly also in Chiapas. However, archeological evidence tends to lean towards the Filipino introduction.
The commercial or larger-scale technology changed when the Spanish imported Arab alembic stills made of copper in the late 16th century, originally brought in to distill sugar cane for rum production. However, the Filipino methods, using easily-obtained native resources and native plants, spread rapidly. It is still is use in many parts of Mexico and can be seen in many small mezcal or moonshine producers. Similar technology remains in use worldwide.
Alcohol was not merely a luxury: it was a necessity. The Spanish were accustomed to drinking alcoholic beverages with meals - in Europe, water could be a dangerous drink, unpurified and teeming with bacteria and parasites. Most people drank weak wine and beer with meals. Alcohol helped kill the bacteria.
In his first letter home, the Conquistador Cristobal de Oñate wrote to King Carlos about sugar obtained from agave... "From these plants they make wine and sugar, which they also sell." The agave followed the Conquistadores as they pushed the boundaries of their empire further and further.
Cristóbal de Oñate and his Spaniards fought many bloody battles against Osaña's brave Teochinchenses, but in 1530, the natives surrendered and laid down their weapons (consisting of bows and arrows tipped with obsidian, spears and shields). They transferred control of the hill "Chiquihuitillo" where the town of Tequila now sits.
On April 15, 1530, the colonial township of Santiago of Tequila was established by Cristóbal de Oñate and a group of Franciscans. Juan de Escarcena was appointed to take charge and govern the new villa.
The City of Guadalajara was founded on February 14, 1542, after the colonies of Nochistlán Tonalá, Tlacotán by Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán and Cristóbal de Oñate become insolvent. The town of Guadalajara had been founded, then moved after native attacks, three times before finding its final home at its present site.
Around this time, the first commercial fair of the Americas was held: The Fair of Candlemas of San Juan of The Lakes. The commercial carriers became distributors of the region's mezcal drink.
In The Agaves of Continental North America, Howard Scott Gentry writes:
The diffusion of agave cultivation from its original
nucleus in the Mesoamerican highlands occurred rapidly after the
conquest. When the Spaniards began colonization of more northern
regions, like Durango and Saltillo, they took Nahuatl people with them
as interpreters, laborers, and farmers. The farmers took maguey with
them and established the pulque culture which still persists as the
northern fringe of the pulque complex. Other agaves, for ornamental and
fiber uses, were apparently first carried overseas by both Spaniards and
Portuguese: Agave americana to the Azores and Canary Islands; A.
angustifolia, A. cantala, and others to Asia and Africa. By the
eighteenth century A. americana, A. lurida, and others were established
along the Mediterranean coasts. The spread of the genus to the Old World
reached its height in the nineteenth century, when agaves became popular
throughout Europe as ornamental succulents in both private and public
gardens. In northern Europe their culture was generally limited, because
of the cold winters, to pot and greenhouse culture. Agave fiber
industries were developed in the nineteenth century by colonial
interests in Indonesia and the Philippines, and in East Africa in the
twentieth century with A. sisalana. Methods of culture, fiber harvest,
and selection of varying forms have been developed in different regions,
according to the regional environments and available working resources.
Additional observations are given in the section dealing with fiber, pp.
16-20, and under individual species in the taxonomy part of this work.
In the "Relacion de Zapotitlan," from 1579, there may also be an early reference that mezcal wine was already being produced:
"There is in this province a tree named mexcatl which the Spaniards named maguey. They produced with it wine, vinegar, syrup, rope, fabric, timber, needles, nails, and a very proven balsam for injuries."
In 1536, in his work, The History of the Indians of the New Spain, the Franciscan friar, Toribio de Benavente (Motolinia), wrote about the drink 'mexcalli.'
Initially, the Conquest generated a surge in business for Spanish wine makers, shipping considerable amounts to the New World. But Spanish explorer and conqueror, Hernando Cortez, changed that. As governor of New Spain (1521-1527), Cortez ordered grape vines from Spain and had them planted (1,000 vines per 100 families) on the colony's farms. He also allowed wines to be made from wild grapes before the new vines could bear fruit.
New Galicia, where today's Jalisco would be born, was the western frontier of the Spanish Empire in the New World, a barren, wild place crisscrossed with jagged mountains, canyons and crags. In 1604, Bernardo de Balbuena called the area of New Galicia, "the frontier human exchange and trade" and said it was "useless and barren of all human life, at the mercy of the natural elements and the domain of the grasses and frightening solitude."
By the end of the 16th century, the wine trade with Spain trade had declined; Mexico was self-sufficient in wines and didn't need to buy any from Spain. Eager to maintain the market for Spanish products in the New World, and reap the taxes on wine exports, in 1595 Phillip II banned the planting of new vineyards in Mexico and other Spanish colonies, but was evidently not concerned about agaves. The church was exempt from the ban, so wine production shifted from secular to religious producers.
Don Pedro Sanches de Tagle, Marquis of Altamira and Caballero de la Orden of Calatrava, is known today as the 'father of tequila.' He established the very first tequila factory in his Hacienda Cuisillos, in 1600, cultivating the local agave for distillation. He arrived in Jalisco that year, and local tax records show the production of mezcal wines began very soon after his arrival.
Obviously the Marquis' commercial efforts were a success because in 1608, the governor of New Galicia, Juan de Villela, imposed the first taxes on mezcal wine.
As it says on Tequilas Don Rafael, the exact location of the first distillery is still in dispute:
Where was mezcal wine or tequila first distilled? Some say it was in Amatitán, some that it was in Arenal. Unfortunately there are no documented sources for either version. What is known for a fact is that a wealthy landowner from the region of Tequila, don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, marquis of Altamira, was the first to compile the different traditional techniques to plan an industry with a better production process. He was also the first to plant agave exclusively to make mezcal wine. There was enough water for such an industry in Tequila, but not in Amatitán.
The factories (fabricas) were also called 'taverns' (tabernas) because the mezcal was consumed there as well as manufactured. Early records often refer to distilleries simply as tabernas.
Over the next centuries, mezcal was used for everything from generating taxes to curing illness. The Filipino technology for distillation spread rapidly over the next 17th and 18th centuries, first into Tequila and Los Altos, then into Michoacán, Guerrero and Oaxaca, and finally reaching Sonora, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas. The Filipinos also seem to have travelled inland to many locations, often referred to in historical records as "Chinese Indians" by the Spaniards.
By 1621, these "wines of mezcal" were being regularly supplied to nearby Guadalajara and the first references to an "abundant" mezcal harvest appeared in local records.
In 1623, Fray Antonio de Tello wrote from Colima about the stills in use there:
The stills are hollow trunks, the thickness of a man, covered by a copper encasing full of water, which is changed as it is heated, and in the middle of the hollow part there is a round fitted board, with a pipe protruding from one side, through which the distillation occurs.
Bruman found similar stills in use in several places in Mexico in 1938.
Mezcal was initially served in a vessel know as a cuernito later called a caballito, made from the hollowed and cleaned tip of bull’s horn. The point of the horn made it impossible to rest the drink, and the limited supply of horns meant patrons had to share them, so they learned to drink and pass the horn to the next person. Later this point would be cut off, permitting the horn to be set down.
The first reliable reference to the spirit comes from this year, in the Description of New Galicia (Descripcion de la Nueva Galicia) by Domingo Lazaro de Arregui. In 1636, Don Juan Canseco y Quiñones, president of Council of Nueva Galicia, decided the increasing popularity of pulque and distilled spirits (including vingarrota and tepache) among the indigenous people was becoming a health risk. He decided to control the production of vino mezcal by authorizing the distillation and manufacturing process, which made it easier to collect taxes on production - taxes which increased significantly in the next decade as the government tried to generate funds for public works. This also made it easier to establish some basic quality control on the mezcal, as well as to collect taxes on it.
In 1651, Spanish doctor Jeronimo Hernandez wrote that tequila (mezcal) was used for medicinal purposes, including rheumatic cures by rubbing tequila on the affected parts of the body.
After the Conquest, the area around today's Jalisco state was originally called New Galicia by the Spanish conquerors.
The community we now know as Tequila officially became a village in 1656. It was originally named after the current governor of New Galicia, La Torre Argus De Uloa y Chavez. Some sources say Tequila was named for the local Ticuilas Indians.
Tax records of the time show that mezcal was already being produced in the area. The local mezcal soon established a reputation for having a superior taste. Barrels of the "Mezcal wine from Tequila" were soon being shipped to nearby Guadalajara as well as more distant cities like San Luis Potosi and Aguascalientes. | <urn:uuid:390b6c87-6edb-4b46-b2f1-669e8c75de6a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/16-17th%20centuries.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.966783 | 3,049 | 3.03125 | 3 |
How short is an “instant”? Is it a second? A tenth of a second? A microsecond? You might think all of these qualify. What about 100 years? That certainly doesn’t seem like an instant, and to a human being, it isn’t, since we’d be lucky to have a lifespan that long. But to a giant sequoia, say, 100 years is no big deal. And in geological terms it’s practically nothing.
How should we make sense of the idea of an instant? Does it cloud our judgment when we make decisions, both as individuals and as a society? Are we moving too slowly on solving big problems because we don’t see them happening “instantly”?
What does math say?
When Newton and Leibniz developed the calculus, they were forced to confront the infinitely small. The goal was to understand the idea of the “instantaneous velocity” of an object – that’s the speed at which something is moving at a particular instant in time (think of your car’s speedometer reading). They took the following approach.
We know how to compute average speed over some time interval: Simply take the total distance traveled and divide by the total time. For example, if the object travels 1 meter in 1 second then the average speed is 1 m/s. But what if you have a better measuring device? Say instead you can discover that the object really traveled 20 cm in the first 10th of a second. Then the average speed over that interval is 2 m/s and you’d probably agree that is a better approximation to what we mean by the instantaneous velocity of the object at that point.
But it’s still just an approximation. To get the real value, you would need to take smaller and smaller time intervals and have increasingly accurate measuring equipment. In the 17th century, the way mathematicians got around this was to talk about infinitesimals, quantities that were not zero yet were smaller than any positive number you can think of, including really tiny fractions like 1/1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Some scientists of the day, as well as various institutions (the Jesuits, for example), rejected this idea as nonsense. Indeed, the idea that one could divide things forever flew counter to the Platonic ideal of indivisibles (also called atoms) and therefore did not sit well with the Renaissance embrace of ancient Greek philosophy. There’s a great book about this called “Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World”; I recommend it heartily. Still, this is how calculus was done until Cauchy introduced the formalism of limits, thereby pushing infinitesimals out of the picture. Roughly speaking, a function f has limit L as x approaches a if the values of f(x) can be made arbitrarily close to L by taking x sufficiently close to a. The precise mathematical definition of this idea obviates the need for the old-fashioned use of infinitesimals.
Still, it’s a shame that infinitesimals fell out of favor, because they’re really useful for thinking about relative scale. An example I always give my students when talking about the reverse problem of dealing with the infinitely large is to talk about money. If you are a billionaire, meaning you have roughly 10⁹ dollars, you sure don’t care about 100 (or 10²) dollars. That’s a difference of seven orders of magnitude, and from your billionaire point of view it’s pointless to get upset over 100 dollars (indeed, you have 10 million hundred-dollar bills at your disposal).
In a similar way, infinitesimals help us deal with the infinitely small – a microsecond (1 millionth of a second) is a short amount of time, but it’s huge relative to a picosecond (10⁻¹² of a second). In mathematical terms, if dx denotes a small amount (like a microsecond) then its square (dx)² (a picosecond) is negligible. So when you’re working on time scales in the seconds you don’t really care about microseconds, and when you’re working on microsecond scales you don’t really care about picoseconds.
(By the way, our words for time are based on these relative notions of smallness. A minute is so named because it was considered small relative to an hour. Seconds were once called “second minutes” to indicate their relative insignificance.)
What’s your point of view?
I bring this up because a pair of articles I read recently made me wonder if our human-influenced idea of “instantaneous” is leading us to unfortunate decisions.
Question: Has the planet entered a new geological epoch, the so-called “Anthropocene”? Homo sapiens has undoubtedly influenced the Earth’s environment, and some geologists are arguing for a change to the International Chronostratigraphic Chart, the official timeline of periods, eons and other geological timescales. (We currently live in the Holocene epoch, already distinguished by the appearance of human beings on the scene.)
I’m not a geologist, so I cannot comment on whether or not this is something we should do, but the obvious first problem to be solved would be settling on a start date for this proposed epoch. Should it be the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century? What about the beginning of mining in ancient Egypt around 2500 BC? Or how about the mid 20th century, as others have argued?
The Earth is roughly 4.5 billion years old. Even if we decided this new epoch began 3,000 years ago, that is still effectively now in geological terms. There have been a million and a half 3,000-year periods in the planet’s life. When things move on such timescales, perhaps we’re just splitting hairs when thinking about when to declare something like this has begun.
Climate change presents another example. Sea levels are rising, but the change is not immediately noticeable. Still, by the end of the 21st century, even the most conservative estimates suggest a three- or four-foot rise, with some scientists predicting it will be double that amount.
Why all the denialism and resistance to action, then? Aside from the obvious political disagreements, there is a more basic cause for the inertia: We don’t see it happening in real time. Sure, we notice there’s not as much snow in the winter as there was when we were kids or that the streets flood in Miami Beach on sunny days at high tide nowadays, but that could just be a fluke, right? Don’t we need more data?
In human terms, these changes are not instantaneous, but in the Earth’s climate cycle they effectively are. We are waiting for some catastrophic event to clearly tell us the climate has officially changed, but it simply takes longer than that. We’re looking for a sign on our human timescale, which is just infinitesimal from a geological viewpoint. But once a few more billion years have passed, some future entity will be able to spot the turning point – though not down to the year or century (a geological instant).
Fast or slow, it comes down to scale
In the absence of catastrophic planetary events, such as a large meteor collision, significant change to the Earth takes time. But it’s important to keep in mind that our relatively short lifespans distort our perception of “instantaneous” events.
As far as the planet is concerned, with its phases measured in the tens or hundreds of millions of years, things are moving pretty quickly. A 1℃ increase in global temperature in 100 years is very fast. If we use this to approximate the future, we quickly see that the planet would be virtually uninhabitable within a few hundred years. The real dynamics are complicated, of course, but perhaps we should keep this simple calculus in mind as we attempt to craft sustainable solutions. Scale is everything and our idea of small doesn’t necessarily align with reality. | <urn:uuid:343d0bd2-a19c-43a2-9b33-fe4a947d63aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.iflscience.com/what-exactly-does-instantaneous-mean-38072 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.951326 | 1,751 | 3.71875 | 4 |
How cool motorbikes are choking Indian cities!
- S.M.Shiva Nagendra Department of Civil Engineering
- Gitakrishnan Ramadurai Department of Mechanical Engineering
In a new study, the scientists from IIT Madras show that the polluting gas emissions from motorbikes on the urban roads are higher than their respective Bharat Stage emission standards as monitored using standard driving cycles. As the nation’s megacities are gasping for a breath of clean air, this study can help in formulating the policies to regulate to the vehicular emissions in a better manner.
Deteriorating air quality is a prime concern for the nation as the poisonous gases in the air were the reason behind 12.5% of total deaths in the year 2017 in India. As per the reports of the World Health Organization, India has 14 out of 15 most polluted cities in the world in terms of PM2.5 concentrations which calls for immediate actions on curbing air pollution. One of the prime contributors to air pollution is vehicular emissions apart from industries and power plants. Over the last decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the sale of vehicles which has added significantly to the rising air pollution.
Now, a team of researchers from IIT-Madras has performed analysed the on-road emission profile of motorbikes in Chennai. Although motorbikes comparatively emit less pollutants than the cars and other heavy vehicles, the researchers chose to study emissions from motorbikes due to their huge number on Indian roads and lack of real emission studies on those. The bikes are higher in number as they are easy to ride in traffic conditions and are the cheaper options at places where the public transportation infrastructure is not well developed.
IIT-Madras Scientists Make “JAVA” More Efficient
Why getting too personal may harm e-Commerce!
Safer and comfortable electric vehicles for the future
What determines the prey survival to a predator attack in a closed space
Curing Cancer – An effective treatment on the horizon | <urn:uuid:197d431e-7a23-4544-9202-a305fe001444> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.iitm.ac.in/research/research-highlights/how-cool-motorbikes-are-choking-indian-cities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.930686 | 415 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Welcome to our blog post on Man in the Middle (MITM) attacks for mobile apps! In today’s digital age, where smartphones have become an integral part of our lives, it is crucial to understand the potential threats that lurk in the shadows. One such threat is a Man in the Middle attack, which can compromise your device’s security and steal sensitive information. Whether you’re an Android user or not, this article will shed light on what MITM attacks are, how they work, and most importantly, how you can protect yourself from falling victim to them. So grab your smartphone and let’s dive into the world of MITM attacks together!
What is a Man in the Middle Attack?
A Man in the Middle (MITM) attack is a type of cyber attack where an attacker intercepts and alters communication between two parties, without their knowledge or consent. In this attack, the attacker positions themselves between the sender and receiver, allowing them to eavesdrop on sensitive information being exchanged.
The goal of a MITM attack is to steal confidential data such as login credentials, financial information, or personal details. It can be particularly dangerous for mobile apps because these apps often handle sensitive data and may not have strong security measures in place.
To carry out a MITM attack, an attacker typically exploits vulnerabilities in network protocols or uses techniques like ARP spoofing or DNS hijacking. Once they gain access to the communication channel, they can intercept messages, modify them, or even inject malicious code into legitimate traffic.
There are various types of MITM attacks that attackers can employ. These include session hijacking where an attacker takes over an ongoing session by stealing session cookies; SSL stripping where encrypted connections are downgraded to unencrypted ones; and phishing attacks where attackers deceive users into providing their credentials through fake websites.
Preventing MITM attacks requires implementing robust security measures. One important step is ensuring secure network connections by using protocols like HTTPS and TLS/SSL encryption. Additionally, developers should regularly update their applications with patches for known vulnerabilities. Users should also be cautious when connecting to public Wi-Fi networks and avoid entering sensitive information unless it’s necessary.
Man in the Middle (MITM) attacks pose a significant threat to mobile app security. Understanding how these attacks work and taking proactive steps to prevent them is crucial for protecting sensitive user data from falling into the wrong hands.
How Does a Man in the Middle Attack Work?
A Man in the Middle (MITM) attack is a method used by hackers to intercept and manipulate communication between two parties, without their knowledge. But how exactly does this form of cyber attack work?
In a MITM attack, the hacker positions themselves between the sender and receiver, effectively becoming the middleman in the communication process. This can be achieved through various means such as Wi-Fi spoofing or DNS hijacking.
Once positioned as the middleman, the hacker can then eavesdrop on all communication passing through them. They are able to view sensitive data such as login credentials, personal information, or financial details. Additionally, they have the ability to alter and inject malicious content into messages.
To carry out a successful MITM attack, hackers commonly use tools like Ettercap or Wireshark which provide them with capabilities to intercept and analyze network traffic. These tools allow them to capture packets of data being sent between devices and extract valuable information from them.
It’s important to note that mobile apps are not immune to MITM attacks. In fact, mobile devices connected to public Wi-Fi networks are particularly vulnerable due to their inherent lack of security measures.
To protect yourself against these types of attacks, it is crucial to avoid using unsecured public Wi-Fi networks whenever possible. Instead, opt for secure connections like VPNs that encrypt your data and ensure its integrity while transmitting over networks.
Regularly updating your mobile apps and operating system also helps safeguard against vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited by attackers.
By understanding how MITM attacks work and taking proactive steps towards securing our devices and connections, we can better protect ourselves from falling victim to these malicious activities perpetrated by cybercriminals.
What are the Types of Man in the Middle Attacks?
Types of Man in the Middle Attacks
There are several types of man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks that cybercriminals can employ to intercept and manipulate data transmitted between two parties. Understanding these different attack methods is crucial for protecting your mobile apps from potential security breaches.
One common type of MITM attack is IP spoofing, where an attacker disguises their IP address to make it appear as if they are a trusted entity. By manipulating network routing protocols, the attacker can redirect traffic intended for another party and intercept sensitive information.
Another method used in MITM attacks is DNS spoofing. In this scenario, the attacker alters the domain name system (DNS) records so that users are redirected to malicious websites or servers controlled by the attacker. This allows them to capture login credentials or inject malware into legitimate downloads.
SSL stripping is yet another technique employed by attackers. By downgrading secure HTTPS connections to unsecured HTTP connections, they can eavesdrop on communications and potentially access sensitive user data such as passwords or financial information.
There is session hijacking, where an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in session management mechanisms to impersonate a legitimate user and gain unauthorized access to their account. This can occur through techniques like session sidejacking or cookie theft.
Protecting against these various types of MITM attacks requires implementing robust security measures such as using encryption protocols like SSL/TLS, regularly updating software and applications with security patches, using strong passwords or two-factor authentication systems, and being cautious when connecting to public Wi-Fi networks.
By understanding how these attacks work and taking proactive steps towards prevention, you can ensure the safety of your mobile apps’ users’ data. Stay vigilant!
How to Prevent Man in the Middle Attacks
Preventing Man in the Middle Attacks is crucial to safeguarding your mobile apps and ensuring the security of sensitive information. Here are some effective measures you can take:
1. Use Secure Connections: Always ensure that your app communicates over secure connections, such as HTTPS, instead of unencrypted HTTP. This encrypts data transmitted between the client and server, making it difficult for attackers to intercept.
2. Implement Certificate Pinning: Enforce certificate pinning in your app’s code to verify the authenticity of SSL/TLS certificates presented by servers. This prevents attackers from using fraudulent certificates to perform MITM attacks.
3. Regularly Update Libraries and Dependencies: Keep all software components used in your app up-to-date, including third-party libraries and frameworks. Updates often include security patches that address vulnerabilities exploited by attackers.
4. Perform Code Audits: Regularly review your app’s source code for any potential weaknesses or vulnerabilities that could be exploited in a MITM attack. Conduct comprehensive code audits to identify and fix any issues promptly.
5. Educate Users on Safe Practices: Provide clear instructions within your app on how users can protect themselves from MITM attacks, such as avoiding public Wi-Fi networks or using trusted VPN services when connecting to the internet.
6. Implement Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): By requiring users to provide additional authentication factors beyond just a password, MFA adds an extra layer of protection against unauthorized access during a MITM attack.
7.Constant Security Testing : Continuously test your application’s security through penetration testing and vulnerability assessments carried out by professionals experienced in identifying potential flaws before they can be exploited by attackers
By implementing these preventative measures consistently across all stages of development, you can significantly reduce the risk of Man-in-the-Middle attacks on your mobile applications
In today’s digital landscape, where mobile apps have become an integral part of our lives, it is crucial to be aware of the potential security risks that exist. One such threat is a Man in the Middle (MITM) attack, which can compromise the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted between a user’s device and a server.
A MITM attack occurs when an attacker intercepts communication between two parties without their knowledge. By positioning themselves between the user and the app or website they are interacting with, attackers can eavesdrop on sensitive information or even alter it for malicious purposes. | <urn:uuid:cb12ba98-d87a-45dc-84f0-b9160e81071b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.iktix.com/man-in-the-middle-attack-for-mobile-apps-mitm-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.928438 | 1,721 | 2.75 | 3 |
This is a piece written by Cybernews, a global team of experts in online privacy and security.
Digital health data security is a growing concern for individuals, organizations, and government agencies. The industry is under immense pressure to adopt new technologies and systems that can protect patient data while allowing easy sharing with authorized parties.
In fact, this is one of the challenges for the industry – balancing security and access. Too much security can make it difficult for patients to get the care they need, while too little security can leave patient data vulnerable to theft and misuse.
The good news is that each of these challenges presents an opportunity to better the current and future health data security. How? Let’s explore each of the main challenges faced, and how they represent a chance to better things.
Challenge: Data Breach and Hacking Incidents
The healthcare industry is embracing digital health technologies to improve patient care and outcomes. However, as more health data is collected and stored electronically, there is a greater risk of data breaches and cyberattacks.
A recent study found that nearly 65% of healthcare organizations have experienced a data breach in the past year, with the average cost of a data breach for a healthcare organization being $6.5 million.
However, there are many opportunities for healthcare organizations to improve their data security. By understanding the threats and taking steps to protect data, healthcare organizations can keep patients’ information safe and secure.
Opportunity: Health Apps that Provide Control and Management of Patient Information
The challenge of data breach and privacy is an opportunity for security companies to create levels of control and management in their health apps.
When it comes to health apps, security and privacy should be of utmost importance because they contain sensitive information, such as patients’ health conditions and medical histories. This is especially concerning since these days, stolen medical data can be sold on the dark web or used for other malicious purposes.
If this information were to fall into the wrong hands, it could be used to exploit patients or for other malicious purposes. Therefore, it is crucial that health app developers take the necessary steps to ensure that their apps are secure and private. This includes using strong encryption methods and ensuring that only authorized personnel have access to patients’ information.
Additionally, developers could also provide another layer of control for patients and health professionals, such as a VPN that secures their network. They should regularly test their security measures to ensure that they are up-to-date and effective.
While electronic medical records (EMRs) have many benefits over paper records, one of the challenges associated with them is accessibility. EMRs are typically stored on a central server, which can make it difficult for clinicians to access them when they are needed. This is especially true for clinicians who work in remote or rural areas where internet connectivity is limited.
There are several ways to address this challenge, including developing offline EMRs that can be accessed even when there is no internet connection. Additionally, EMR providers can work with clinicians to ensure that they have the training and support they need to use the system effectively.
Opportunity: Creating a Digital Health Data System for Efficient Patient Care
Medical and health data is essential for developing efficient patient care systems. However, collecting this data can be challenging for a number of reasons. For one, it can be difficult to obtain accurate and complete data from patients.
Additionally, patients’ records are often spread across different providers and facilities, making it hard to get a complete picture of their health. This data is also collected from different sources that may not be compatible, making it difficult to compare and analyze.
This is an opportunity for healthcare organizations and developers to create a system that will allow patients, hospitals, and healthcare providers to collect and store patient records and history with the proper and legal accessibility in place. This still requires that the medical and health data system complies with various laws and regulations regarding patient privacy. An efficient patient care system that has such a reach but also provides a high level of security is also a challenge, but it can ensure that patient care is effective and efficient.
Challenge: New Guidelines for Medical Professionals on the Use of Digital Data
Medical professionals are increasingly using technology that requires digital information. This trend is driven by the availability of new and more sophisticated devices, as well as the need for more efficient and effective communication between medical professionals.
However, this trend also poses a challenge for medical professionals. The use of technology in medicine is regulated by a complex set of guidelines that are constantly evolving. This can make it difficult for medical professionals to keep up with the latest guidelines and ensure that they are using technology in a way that is compliant with the law.
Some of the challenges associated with creating guidelines for medical professionals on using technology include:
● Ensuring that the guidelines are evidence-based and up-to-date
● Tailoring the guidelines to the specific needs of different medical professionals
● Addressing the ethical implications of using technology in medicine
● Ensuring that the guidelines are accessible and easy to use
With these challenges in mind, creating guidelines for medical professionals on using technology requires a careful and thoughtful approach.
Opportunity: Co-operation Between Digital and Healthcare Industries
Both industries can find an opportunity in addressing this challenge. The healthcare industry has lagged in terms of digitization, but that is starting to change. As more and more healthcare companies adopt digital technologies, there is an opportunity to create new security guidelines that take into account the unique needs of the healthcare industry.
There are a lot of different stakeholders involved in healthcare, from insurance companies to hospitals to individual doctors. This fragmentation makes it difficult to create and implement new technologies across the board, but creating guidelines that all stakeholders can agree on is essential in overcoming this challenge.
Better security measures for the healthcare industry can only be achieved with the cooperation of all stakeholders and the agreement of patients and the government. By working together, they can create new security guidelines that will help not only protect patient data but also modernize and improve the healthcare system.
The team at Cybernews works diligently to bring breaking reports of online privacy and security issues, backed by in-depth technical analysis and investigative reporting. You can find more of our articles on Cybernews.com and reach us on Twitter anytime.
About Impetus Digital
Impetus Digital helps life science organizations virtualize their in-person meetings and events through our best-in-class InSite Touchpoints™ and InSite Events™ offerings, delivered with white-glove service and 360° coverage and care. Leveraging our large portfolio of cutting-edge online collaboration tools, clients can seamlessly gather insights from, and collaborate with, internal and external stakeholders. To find out more about Impetus Digital, visit our website, follow us on LinkedIn or Twitter, or book a demo at meetwithimpetus.com | <urn:uuid:d7512303-897a-4f4a-b77d-86c794e13962> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.impetusdigital.com/2022/12/05/facing-the-challenges-and-opportunities-in-digital-health-data-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.944908 | 1,401 | 2.875 | 3 |
Big Data's Dark SideBig Data's Dark Side
Big data has the power to revolutionize society, but also to become Big Brother, warns new book.
March 25, 2013
Big Data Analytics Masters Degrees: 20 Top Programs
Big Data Analytics Masters Degrees: 20 Top Programs (click image for larger view and for slideshow)
The potential upside of big data is significant. Organizations, empowered by the ability to extract actionable insights from massive volumes of digital information from a variety of data sources, can (ideally) make our world a better place.
But before we get too dewy-eyed and sentimental, it's important to know that big data has a potential dark side as well, where governments and corporations use this newfound wealth of information for nefarious purposes. These and other data-related developments are examined closely in "Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think," a new book by co-authors Viktor Mayer-Schonberger, a professor of Internet governance and regulation at Oxford University, and Kenneth Cukier, data editor of The Economist and a frequent commentator on big data developments. In a phone interview with InformationWeek, Mayer-Schonberger said that while big data shows tremendous potential in a variety of industries, such as healthcare, e-commerce and traffic prediction, it has a potential "dark side" as well. [ Big data has the potential to both improve the quality of healthcare and save money, but it will require structure and oversight. Read Big Data Use In Healthcare Needs Governance, Education. ] Predictive analytics, for instance, can help healthcare providers and insurers increase efficiency and reduce costs. But in the wrong hands, this technology can also empower companies to deny needed treatment to patients. First, the bright side: Using big data analysis, such as the sequencing of DNA and enzymes in the body, medical professionals can more accurately tailor drug doses to each individual patient. "Take aspirin as a classic example. The dosage of aspirin that you're getting today, when you buy it over the counter, is designed for the average male," said Mayer-Schonberger. "But every human being has a different metabolism, a different genetic disposition. So some would need a higher dosage, others would need a smaller dosage, based on these individual traits." And then there's the ominous dark side. Mayer-Schonberger painted a bleak, "Minority Report"-style scenario in which a healthcare provider or insurer uses predictive analytics to deny a needed medical procedure: "Unfortunately, you can't have life-saving surgery because you're predicted to take up smoking in three years, and that won't work with your new heart," he said. In their book, Mayer-Schonberger and Cukier draw a clear distinction between two popular data industry buzzwords: digitization and datafication. "If you scan a book's page, it's digitized but it's not datafied yet, because you can't search for words on it," said Mayer-Schonberger. However, when you apply optical character recognition (OCR) software to transform that scanned page to digitized text, you've "datafied" the information by enabling word search and other data-processing possibilities. The authors also describe how a growing class of "data intermediaries" is aggregating data from multiple sources and processing it in innovative ways. For instance, Inrix, a Kirkland, Wash.-based traffic analysis company, gathers real-time geolocation data from 100 million vehicles in Europe and North America, as well as from drivers' mobile phones via a free smartphone app. The firm combines this data with information from historical traffic patterns, weather reports and other local events to predict traffic flow. The finished product is then sent out to vehicle navigation systems. "[Inrix] collects its information from rival car companies and thereby generates a product more valuable than any of them could have achieved on its own," Mayer-Schonberger and Cukier write. "Each carmaker may have a few million data points from its vehicles on the road. Though it could use the data to predict traffic flows, those predictions wouldn't be very accurate or complete. Quality improves as the amount of data increases." People need to understand that big data isn't about servers, Hadoop and infrastructure, Mayer-Schonberger told InformationWeek. "It's really about understanding what we can do with data, and the potential behind it," he said. Attend Interop Las Vegas May 6-10 and learn the emerging trends in information risk management and security. Use Priority Code MPIWK by March 22 to save an additional $200 off the early bird discount on All Access and Conference Passes. Join us in Las Vegas for access to 125+ workshops and conference classes, 300+ exhibiting companies, and the latest technology. Register today!
About the Author(s)
You May Also Like | <urn:uuid:ae1bd93a-a2e2-423d-bd12-f8cbc9e7bfbb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.informationweek.com/machine-learning-ai/big-data-s-dark-side | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.944925 | 999 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Is there an algorithm for diagnosing chronic cough in children?
What the research says:
Chronic cough in children is defined as a cough persisting for at least 4 weeks. The most common causes of chronic cough in children include asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis and upper airway cough syndrome (in children >6 years) (Michaudet and Malaty 2017). Initial treatment should focus on the underlying cause (if one is found). A detailed and systematic approach is therefore required. There are currently a number of evidence-based algorithms for the diagnosis of chronic cough in children (Chang et al 2020; Kardos et al 2020; Morice et al 2019).
Children (aged <14 years) (Chang et al 2020; Michaudet and Malaty 2017; Morice et al 2019): Cough duration >4 weeks
Begin with a detailed history and physical examination:
Obtain chest X-ray
Watch, wait and review in 2 weeks and/or spirometry (if available and age appropriate) followed by a trial of therapy with ICS (400 µg/day budesonide equivalent) or nasal lavage/ICS
If cough is improved, consider tapering ICS and review in 2-4weeks; proceed with evaluation for asthma and undertake appropriate evaluation
Non-productive cough: Cease ICS, proceed with evaluation for asthma and other potential causes
Productive cough: Cease ICS and consider protracted bacterial bronchitis and treat with antibioticsIf still no improvement, consider referral for specialist evaluation
ICS, inhaled corticosteroids
What this means for your clinical practice:
- Begin with a thorough history, physical examination and chest X-ray to identify specific causes
- Consider spirometry (if available and age appropriate) followed by a trial of treatment with ICS (400 µg/day budesonide equivalent) or treatment for upper airway cough syndrome. If cough improves proceed with evaluation for asthma
- If no improvement, cease ICS and proceed with evaluations for asthma and consider other potential causes, consider antibiotics (productive cough) and referral for specialist evaluation
With grateful thanks to Dr Alan Kaplan (Chair Family Physician Airways Group of Canada) for and on behalf of the IPCRG practice driven answers review group.
Useful links and supporting references:
Chang AB, et al. Managing chronic cough as a symptom in children and management algorithms. CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Repors. Chest 2020;158:303–29.
Michaudet C, Malaty J. Chronic cough: evaluation and management. Am Fam Phys 2017;96:575–80.
Morice AH, et al. ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children. Eur Respir J 2019;55.
Satia I, et al. Chronic cough: Investigations, management, current and future treatment. Can J Respir Crit Care Sleep Med 2021;5:404-16. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24745332.2021.1979904. Accessed April 2022 | <urn:uuid:81b6b37f-eb5e-4309-b4d6-8e4c3ee37d27> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ipcrg.org/resources/search-resources/is-there-an-algorithm-for-diagnosing-chronic-cough-in-children | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.855439 | 647 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Nicolai M. Josuttis
C++ Standard Library: A Tutorial and Reference
Editura: Addison-Wesley Professional
Anul aparitiei: 1999
The C++ standard library provides a set of common classes and interfaces that greatly extend the core C++ language. The library, however, is not self-explanatory. To make full use of its components-and to benefit from their power-you need a resource that does far more than list the classes and their functions. "The C++ Standard Library" not only provides comprehensive documentation of each library component, it also offers clearly written explanations of complex concepts, describes the practical programming details needed for effective use, and gives example after example of working code. This thoroughly up-to-date book reflects the newest elements of the C++ standard library incorporated into the full ANSI/ISO C++ language standard. In particular, the text focuses on the Standard Template Library (STL), examining containers, iterators, function objects, and STL algorithms. You will also find detailed coverage of special containers, strings, numerical classes, internationalization, and the IOStream library. Each component is presented in depth, with an introduction to its purpose and design, examples, a detailed description, traps and pitfalls, and the exact signature and ... | <urn:uuid:254a008d-366b-410a-aad8-f6c0e66c8a6f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.karte.ro/carti/editura/Addison-Wesley%20Professional | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.877318 | 266 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Definition of Kids' Toys
Kids toys are objects used to help children learn and grow through play. Toys can range from simple blocks and puzzles to more sophisticated electronic gadgets. They can be educational, entertaining, or both. Toys also contribute to the development of physical skills, fine motor skills, socialization and communication skills, problem-solving skills, and emotional development.
Benefits of Playing with Toys
Playing with toys helps children develop essential life skills such as problem-solving, creativity, imagination, communication, and socialization. It also encourages physical activity and provides opportunities for children to explore their environment and learn about the world around them. Toys can help foster a sense of responsibility and allow children to practice self-regulation. Additionally, playing with toys can help develop language skills, promote hand-eye coordination, and increase cognitive abilities. Finally, playing with toys can provide comfort and security for children.
Different Types of Kids Toys
Construction Sets: Construction sets are toys that allow children to build and create their own structures or creations. These sets can include blocks, LEGO, K’nex, or other building materials that allow kids to express their creativity.
Dolls, Action Figures, and Collectibles: Dolls and action figures allow children to explore different roles, create imaginary scenarios, and engage in imaginative play. Collectible figures can also be an integral part of the toy experience as they help with fine motor skills while giving kids an appreciation of history and how things work together.
Arts & Crafts: Arts and crafts provide a creative outlet for children by allowing them to draw, color, paint, and create objects. These can help kids learn how to express themselves in a variety of ways and to develop their fine motor skills.
Outdoor Toys & Games: Outdoor toys and games allow children to explore nature while using their imagination to create outdoor adventures. From tricycles and swingsets to water tables and sandboxes, these toys encourage physical activity and provide a fun way for children to learn about their environment.
Puzzles: Puzzles are an excellent tool for helping children learn problem-solving skills and develop hand-eye coordination and spatial awareness. Various varieties include jigsaw puzzles, peg puzzles, brain teasers, crosswords, and word searches.
Electronic Toys and Games: Electronic toys and games are based on technology, allowing children to interact with the toy in various ways. Examples include remote-controlled cars, electronic learning systems, tablets and computers, and video game consoles. These toys can help enhance cognitive skills and provide entertainment for kids of all ages.
Tips for Choosing the Right Toy
Age Appropriateness: When choosing a toy for your child, consider their age and interests so that you can select something that is developmentally appropriate. This will ensure that the toy is challenging enough to keep them engaged but not so complicated that it becomes frustrating or tedious.
Quality & Durability: It's essential to choose a quality toy that is built to last, as this will provide your child with hours of playtime and enjoyment. Look for toys constructed out of sturdy materials such as wood or plastic with durable parts that won't break easily.
Education Value: Look for toys that can provide your child with learning opportunities and entertainment. This could include puzzles, games, construction sets, electronic learning systems, or even simple blocks and legos.
Safety Considerations: Always check the age recommendation on the packaging before selecting a toy, and ensure it meets your safety standards. Avoid toys with small pieces or loose cords that could risk choking or strangulation.
In conclusion, toys are a vital part of any child's development and can provide hours of entertainment for both children and adults. When choosing a suitable toy for your child, consider their age, interests, and safety considerations to select something that is age appropriate and developmentally beneficial. With the right toy in hand, your child will be sure to have a fun time exploring and learning new skills. | <urn:uuid:1d77c444-394a-4e3d-9c2d-b10fa1406cfd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.kidstoys.us/blogs/news/how-to-select-the-right-toy-for-your-childs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.942207 | 802 | 3.75 | 4 |
Edition: February 06, 2012
Publication date: February 06, 2012
Imprint: Lion Books
Category: Children's Bibles and Reference
|Click to View Pricing|
Episodes from Jesus' life are told through extracts and adaptations from the Gospels, selected and arranged to present His birth and boyhood; His ministry, teachings, parables, miracles, friends, and enemies; the events leading up to His death; and the impact of the resurrection. These are all linked to information about how the gospels came to be written, where the events took place, and what else we know about the historical background. Feature-length articles are accompanied by a range of illustrations, maps, photos, and diagrams to produce a clear and engaging visual layout, resulting in a refreshing, appealing, and accessible onestop guide to learning about Jesus.
Comprehensive yet accessible, this family reference will inform both children and parents. | <urn:uuid:38e12d6f-69b9-458d-a2e8-80b4ea4e2f3c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.kregel.com/childrens-bibles-and-reference/the-lion-encyclopedia-of-jesus-8995/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.916679 | 190 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Impala [Aepyceros melampus
This is the most common antelope of the bushveld regions of South Africa. A very graceful, rufous-fawn antelope, with white underparts, measuring approximately 900mm at the shoulders. Rams weigh around 60 Kg and ewes 40 Kg.
A black stripe extends from the top of the rump down the back of each thigh. The lower hind legs have glands beneath tufts of black hair. Only the rams have horns which are lyre-shaped, and reach a length of 700mm.
The Impala is a mixed feeder. It browses on shrubbery and grazes grass on gently undulating or flat terrain. Acacia pods and fruits are taken when available.
Following a gestation period of 194-200 days single calves are born during early summer. An ewe is sexually mature at two years of age. Young rams can breed as yearlings, but are prevented to do so by territorial rams, which dominate reproductive opportunities.
Herds seldom wander more than eight km from permanent water supply. Renowned for their spectacular leaps over shrubs and bushes, when alarmed. Rutting occurs during early winter months. Young rams live in bachelor herds, and those strong enough to be successful in establishing territories, become solitary within their respective domains during the rut. Females live in breeding herds.
Its preferred habitat is woodland savannahs of the northern and eastern districts of South Africa, and in countries beyond.
The Impala is preyed upon by most of the large carnivores and the young often fall prey to Pythons. The Impala are therefore on constant alert. Should one of them spot danger, it will snort an alarm and the whole herd will scatter. It is one of the treats offered by nature to see this antelope perform their incredible 3 metre high and 12 metre long leaps.
- Latin Name
- Aepyceros Melampus
- Weight (Female)
- 40 kg
- Weight (Male)
- 50 kg
- Gestation Period
- 6,5 months
- No of Young
- 1 lamb
- Sexual Maturity
- 13 months
- Birth Weight
- 5 kg
- 55 cm
A single young is born from September - January after a gestation period of about 6 months.
Hooves are sharp, neat and pointed and 4 - 6 cm long.
One of the more common antelope of the African savannah, Impala have been referred to as the Macdonalds of the bush as they are of the most common prey for predators. The distinction markings on the rump also resemble the company logo to a degree. | <urn:uuid:e4b4306b-576e-4110-9ccc-1408146f015f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_impala.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00799.warc.gz | en | 0.934323 | 558 | 3.1875 | 3 |
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