query dict | pos dict | neg dict |
|---|---|---|
{
"abstract": "Moving along with social evolvement, museums have adopted in their recent development sophisticated information technologies into various museum disciplines including collection management and registration, research, curation, exhibition and education. New technologies also facilitate other missions such as public service, ticketing, digital value-added applications and cultural creativity, while advanced digital technologies bring new excitement and visiting experience to the audience. In this research, a ubiquitous museum service environment is developed by applying the radio frequency identification, wireless network, and embedded system technologies. A case study is also conducted and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed service environment",
"corpus_id": 562258,
"title": "The ubiquitous museum service environment: Concept, design, implementation, and a case study"
} | {
"abstract": "RFID technology promises to change our world. The technology will enable the critical elements of mobility - business activities, people, information, documents, and communications - to rethink for a more effective business process design. This paper focuses on the application of RFID in school settings and concludes with a ubiquitous IT framework proposal - using RFID for educational applications which satisfies the need for a scalable, ready-to-use and easy implementation solution.",
"corpus_id": 20663733,
"title": "A ubiquitous information technology framework using RFID to support students' learning"
} | {
"abstract": "Innovate or fall behind: the competitive imperative for virtually all businesses today is that simple. Responding to that command is difficult, however, because innovation takes place when different ideas, perceptions, and ways of processing and judging information collide. And it often requires collaboration among players who see the world differently. As a result, the conflict that should take place constructively among ideas all too often ends up taking place unproductively among people. Disputes become personal, and the creative process breaks down. The manager successful at fostering innovation figures out how to get different approaches to grate against one another in a productive process the authors call creative abrasion. The authors have worked with a number of organizations over the years and have observed many managers who know how to make creative abrasion work for them. Those managers understand that different people have different thinking styles: analytical or intuitive, conceptual or experiential, social or independent, logical or values driven. They deliberately design a full spectrum of approaches and perspectives into their organizations and understand that cognitively diverse people must respect other thinking styles. They set ground rules for working together to discipline the creative process. Above all, managers who want to encourage innovation need to examine what they do to promote or inhibit creative abrasion.",
"corpus_id": 8436779,
"score": 1,
"title": "Putting your company's whole brain to work."
} |
{
"abstract": "We propose an approach to detect flying objects such as UAVs and aircrafts when they occupy a small portion of the field of view, possibly moving against complex backgrounds, and are filmed by a camera that itself moves. Solving such a difficult problem requires combining both appearance and motion cues. To this end we propose a regression-based approach to motion stabilization of local image patches that allows us to achieve effective classification on spatio-temporal image cubes and outperform state-of-the-art techniques. As the problem is relatively new, we collected two challenging datasets for UAVs and Aircrafts, which can be used as benchmarks for flying objects detection and vision-guided collision avoidance.",
"corpus_id": 522242,
"title": "Flying Objects Detection from a Single Moving Camera"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper, we consider the development of a rotorcraft micro aerial vehicle (MAV) system capable of vision-based state estimation in complex environments. We pursue a systems solution for the hardware and software to enable autonomous flight with a small rotorcraft in complex indoor and outdoor environments using only onboard vision and inertial sensors. As rotorcrafts frequently operate in hover or nearhover conditions, we propose a vision-based state estimation approach that does not drift when the vehicle remains stationary. The vision-based estimation approach combines the advantages of monocular vision (range, faster processing) with that of stereo vision (availability of scale and depth information), while overcoming several disadvantages of both. Specifically, our system relies on fisheye camera images at 25 Hz and imagery from a second camera at a much lower frequency for metric scale initialization and failure recovery. This estimate is fused with IMU information to yield state estimates at 100 Hz for feedback control. We show indoor experimental results with performance benchmarking and illustrate the autonomous operation of the system in challenging indoor and outdoor environments.",
"corpus_id": 12889257,
"title": "Vision-based state estimation for autonomous rotorcraft MAVs in complex environments"
} | {
"abstract": "There is general consensus that context can be a rich source of information about an object's identity, location and scale. In fact, the structure of many real-world scenes is governed by strong configurational rules akin to those that apply to a single object. Here we introduce a simple framework for modeling the relationship between context and object properties based on the correlation between the statistics of low-level features across the entire scene and the objects that it contains. The resulting scheme serves as an effective procedure for object priming, context driven focus of attention and automatic scale-selection on real-world scenes.",
"corpus_id": 1073705,
"score": -1,
"title": "Contextual Priming for Object Detection"
} |
{
"abstract": "D-Aspartic acid (D-Asp) and nitric oxide (NO) are two biologically active molecules playing important functions as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators of nerve impulse and as regulators of hormone production by endocrine organs. We studied the occurrence of D-Asp and NO as well as their effects on testosterone synthesis in the testis of boar. This model was chosen for our investigations because it contains more Leydig cells than other mammals. Indirect immunofluorescence applied to cryostat sections was used to evaluate the co-localization of D-Asp and of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the same Leydig cells. D-Asp and NOS often co-existed in the same Leydig cells and were found, separately, in many other testicular cytotypes. D-Asp level was dosed by an enzymatic method performed on boar testis extracts and was 40+/-3.6 nmol/g of fresh tissue. NO measurement was carried out using a biochemical method by NOS activity determination and expressed as quantity of nitrites produced: it was 155.25+/-21.9 nmol/mg of tissue. The effects of the two molecules on steroid hormone production were evaluated by incubating testis homogenates, respectively with or without D-Asp and/or the NO-donor L-arginine (L-Arg). After incubation, the testosterone presence was measured by immunoenzymatic assay (EIA). These in vitro experiments showed that the addition of D-Asp to incubated testicular homogenates significantly increased testosterone concentration, whereas the addition of L-Arg decreased the hormone production. Moreover, the inclusion of L-Arg to an incubation medium of testicular homogenates with added D-Asp, completely inhibited the stimulating effects of this enantiomer. Our results suggest an autocrine action of both D-Asp and NO on the steroidogenetic activity of the Leydig cell.",
"corpus_id": 293113,
"title": "D-Aspartic acid and nitric oxide as regulators of androgen production in boar testis."
} | {
"abstract": "Previous studies have shown a role of d-aspartic acid (d-Asp) in testicular steroidogenesis. Here, we evaluated the effects of d-Asp on androgen production and on expression levels of mRNAs encoding specific steroidogenic key molecules. d-Asp was endogenously present in adult rat testis and its content paralleled to serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and, local and circulating androstenedione and testosterone levels. In vivod-Asp administration induced serum LH release, causing an indirect increase of androstenedione and testosterone levels by enhancing steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/D5-D4 isomerases (3β-HSD) mRNA levels. The direct endocrine role of d-Asp was evaluated using cultured immature Leydig cells (ILCs) obtained from 35days old rats. Cytoplasm and nucleus of ILCs localized d-Asp, while StAR marked the cytoplasm only. After 12h from d-Asp in vitro administration, ILCs resulted intensely d-Asp stained, and StaR protein level, evaluated by Western blotting, significantly increased. After 24h, significant androstenedione and testosterone syntheses were induced. At molecular level, d-Asp administration significantly increased StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD mRNAs at 2, 4 and 12h, respectively. The temporal shift on relative mRNA expression levels indicated that d-Asp exerted its physiological role through sequential gene cascade activation of those molecules implicated in the synthesis of androgens. Conclusively, our findings demonstrated that d-Asp is a local messenger in testis and give a contribution in understanding the complexity of local endocrine regulation as well as the molecular events leading the acquisition to a steroidogenic competence by ILCs.",
"corpus_id": 8460360,
"title": "Stimulation of androgen production by d-aspartate through the enhancement of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD mRNA levels in vivo rat testis and in culture of immature rat Leydig cells"
} | {
"abstract": "The distribution of smooth muscle (SM) and non muscle myosins was compared with that of alpha-SM actin in various normal and pathological tissues and in cultured cells by means of indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody specific for alpha-SM actin [anti-alpha sm-1, Skalli et al., 1986b] and two polyclonal antibodies raised against bovine aortic myosin (ABAM) and human platelet myosin (AHPM), respectively. In normal tissues ABAM stained vascular and parenchymal smooth muscle cells (SMC), myoepithelial cells and myoid cells of the testis in a pattern similar to that reported by other authors with antisera raised against non vascular SM myosin. Cells stained with ABAM were always positive for anti-alpha sm-1. In human and experimental atheromatous plaques, most cells were positive for AHPM; a variable proportion was also stained for ABAM plus anti-alpha sm-1. Myofibroblasts from rat granulation tissue, Dupuytren's nodule and stroma from breast carcinoma were constantly positive for AHPM and negative for ABAM; however, myofibroblasts from Dupuytren's nodule and breast carcinoma were anti-alpha sm-1 positive. Early primary cultures of rat aortic SMC were positive for ABAM and anti-alpha sm-1 and became negative for ABAM and positive for AHPM after a few days in culture. They remained positive for AHPM and anti-alpha sm-1 after passages; the staining of AHPM and anti-alpha sm-1 appeared to be colocalized along the same stress fibers. These results may be relevant for the understanding of SMC function and adaptation, and show that in non malignant SMC proliferation, alpha-SM actin represents a more general marker of SM origin than SM myosin.",
"corpus_id": 7019556,
"score": 2,
"title": "Correlation between the distribution of smooth muscle or non muscle myosins and alpha-smooth muscle actin in normal and pathological soft tissues."
} |
{
"abstract": "Cenospheres are one of the most valuable components found in the fly ash waste of coal-fired power stations, consisting of hollow, aluminosilicate spherical shells and offering very low bulk density, high strength, and high thermal resistance. Although wet processing methods offer the best prospect for achieving recovery and concentration of the cenospheres, significant impediments remain for achieving satisfactory economics. This work was concerned with the recovery and concentration of cenospheres from fly ash using a novel system, the inverted reflux classifier (IRC), covering single and multistage processing. The system consists of a series of parallel inclined channels mounted underneath an inverted liquid fluidized bed. This work demonstrated a high separation performance due to the so-called Boycott effect, which arises in inclined settling. In preliminary experiments, a fly ash feed with a very low cenosphere concentration was examined. After two stages, the product grade and total recovery were unsatisfactory. However, in the main part of the study, examining a fly ash feed with about 0.9% cenosphere concentration, a three-stage IRC was used to achieve almost pure cenosphere product, with the cenosphere grade increasing to around 97 wt% (almost pure on a volume basis). In the second stage, which involved a much more dilute feed, the more neutrally buoyant cenospheres remained in the stream to tailings. Hence, with three stages, the recovery fell to 50%. It is concluded that accelerated separation of the positively buoyant cenospheres is promoted by the presence of a high concentration of the negatively buoyant fly ash, and therefore a single separation stage is preferable. – 2015 The University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research and the American Coal Ash Association All rights reserved. A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 2 July 2015; Received in revised form 6 October 2015; Accepted 7 October 2015",
"corpus_id": 174781240,
"title": "Multistage Concentration of Cenospheres in Fly Ash Using the Inverted Reflux Classifier"
} | {
"abstract": "Fly ash generated from low NOx burners at American Electric Power's Glen Lyn \nfacility was beneficiated to remove residual carbon, magnetic particles, and cenospheres. The clean fly ash had a mean particle size of about 30 microns, which is coarser than typical commercial fillers used in plastics. To obtain a finer sized fly ash, air classification was used to separate the clean fly ash into its coarse and fine fractions. The resulting fine fraction had a mean particle size of 4.13 microns and accounted for 16.7 wt% of the total clean ash. The brightness of the clean ash was also less than that of typical commercial fillers and efforts to improve the brightness proved unsuccessful. The resulting fine ash was then coated with a silane coupling agent and then added to polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene at various levels. These mixtures were in turn used to make tensile test specimens by injection molding. For comparison, a commercial CaCO3 filler was also tested under the same conditions. The mechanical properties of these specimens were determined and the results show that the polymers containing fly ash as a filler have equivalent properties to those same polymers when commercial fillers are used in most cases.",
"corpus_id": 44035196,
"title": "Processed Low NOx Fly Ash as a Filler in Plastics"
} | {
"abstract": "The translational and rotational velocities of a positively buoyant sphere suspended in a parallel plate device are measured, and related to the inertial lift of the sphere from the upper plate. The experimental results obtained agree well with the corrected theoretical predictions of Krishnan and Leighton [Phys. Fluids 7, 11 (1995)]. The motion of the sphere principally depends on the shear Reynolds number Re≡γa2/ν, where γ is the shear rate, a is the particle radius and ν the kinematic viscosity, and the sedimentation Reynolds number Res≡Usa/ν where Us is the Stokes sedimentation velocity of the sphere. The transition from translation without slip to translation with slip along the plane is observed to scale as Re/Res, and occurs at order 10−1. The separation of the sphere from the plane due to inertial lift at low Reynolds number is found to have the scaling Re2/Res, as predicted by theory. In experiments with two particles of diameter 1.5 and 2 mm in two glycerin/water solutions of different densiti...",
"corpus_id": 121495728,
"score": 2,
"title": "Measurement of the inertial lift on a moving sphere in contact with a plane wall in a shear flow"
} |
{
"abstract": "The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of identifying clusters of children's games based on estimated energy expenditures and (or) intensity when performed in a guided active play format. The study also investigated whether the identified active play game clusters were repeatable when the games were performed on different days. Children (9.7 ± 1.1 years; n = 12) were assessed for oxygen consumption, heart rate, energy expenditure (EE), and metabolic equivalent (MET) on a treadmill (at 4, 6, and 8 km·h(-1) (0% grade)). HR and ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer (ACC) generated linear regression equations were used to estimate EE. The ACC (3 s epochs) were used for estimating METs in assigning percent time at medium-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) of 10 self-paced games. The results showed a consistent range of EEs (ACC-equation) from 13.57 kcal·(5 min)(-1) to 25.00 kcal·(5 min)(-1) (p < 0.05); EEs (HR-equation) from 29.72 to 42.49 kcal·(5 min)(-1) (p < 0.05); and %MVPA from 10% to 34% (p < 0.05) (from ACC equations) across all games. These were reproducible from day to day (p > 0.05). This study confirms the existence of active play children's game clusters that might be useful in formatting guided active play in a dose-response manner for children.",
"corpus_id": 2693063,
"title": "Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses associated with children's physical activity during self-paced games."
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVES: To quantify and compare the number of calories that school-aged Canadian children expend to meet established benchmarks for active play and organized physical activities (i.e., organized sport, physical education, active transportation).METHODS: This study was informed by the benchmarks (i.e., amount of activity a child needs to be sufficiently active) and grades (i.e., how Canada as a country is doing) for the physical activity domains included in the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Established physical activity energy expenditure data were used to calculate the number of calories that the average 6–11 year old child would expend to meet the Report Card physical activity benchmarks. The increase in energy expenditure at the population-level that would occur if each Report Card grade was to improve by one letter grade was estimated based on the aforementioned estimates and the proportion of the population impacted should the grade improve.RESULTS: When averaged across all 365 days of the year, the average 6–11 year old Canadian would expend an added 186 kcal/day to meet the active play benchmark, 23 kcal/day to meet the organized sport benchmark, 6 kcal/day to meet the physical education benchmark, and 16 kcal/day to meet the active transportation to school benchmark. Increasing the Report Card grades for these four domains would address 37%, 1%, 1%, and 3% of the energy gap, respectively.CONCLUSION: Initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity in an attempt to address childhood obesity should include an active play component.RésuméOBJECTIFS: Chiffrer et comparer le nombre de calories dépensées par les enfants canadiens d’âge scolaire pour respecter des balises établies pour le jeu actif et les activités physiques structurées (sport organisé, éducation physique, transport actif).MÉTHODE: Notre étude était étayée par les balises (la quantité d’activité dont un enfant a besoin pour être suffisamment actif) et les notes (la performance du Canada en tant que pays) attribuées aux domaines d’activité physique inclus dans le Bulletin canadien de l’activité physique chez les jeunes de Jeunes en forme Canada. Les données attestées sur la force dépensée pour l’activité physique ont servi à calculer le nombre de calories que l’enfant moyen de 6 à 11 ans dépenserait pour respecter les balises d’activité physique du Bulletin. Nous avons estimé quelle serait l’augmentation de la force dépensée à l’échelle de la population si chaque note alphabétique du Bulletin s’améliorait d’un niveau, d’après les estimations susmentionnées, et la proportion de la population touchée si la note s’améliorait.RÉSULTATS: Lorsqu’on fait une moyenne sur les 365 jours de l’année, l’enfant canadien moyen de 6 à 11 ans dépenserait 186 kcal/jour de plus pour respecter la balise du jeu actif, 23 kcal/jour pour celle du sport organisé, 6 kcal/jour pour celle de l’éducation physique et 16 kcal/jour pour celle du transport actif pour aller à l’école. Hausser les notes du Bulletin dans ces quatre domaines permettrait de résorber 37 %, 1 %, 1 % et 3 % du fossé énergétique, respectivement.CONCLUSION: Les initiatives visant à accroître l’activité physique afin de lutter contre l’obésité juvénile devraient inclure un élément de jeu actif.",
"corpus_id": 23373402,
"title": "Active play: An important physical activity strategy in the fight against childhood obesity"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The optical properties of titanium nitrides and carbonitrides have been studied. The data are analyzed by the Drude-Lorentz model of the dielectric function and interpreted with a simple semirigid bands model of the electronic structure of these materials. The influence of nitrogen and carbon concentrations of the materials is qualitatively understood, and although no good solar absorber is reported here, these studies show that the elaboration of a material for the photothermal conversion of solar energy is not an impossible challenge.",
"corpus_id": 96741005,
"score": 0,
"title": "The optical properties of titanium nitrides and carbides: Spectral selectivity and photothermal conversion of solar energy"
} |
{
"abstract": "Accepted: 31.03.2014 The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of Charter School system in Turkey, which was opened firstly in State of Minnesota of United States and was expanded to approximately 40 states in America today and also, in practice in some countries such as Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway. Charter Schools are educational institutes that can be opened by signing a contract between a country’s institution responsible for education and a person or a group who wants to be responsible for the management of this school. This system was based on performance and accountability and pursued more competitive and innovative goals. Moreover, Charter Schools put emphasis on democracy and equality in education by being free, addressing to all students living in the region where school was located and considering individual differences and diversity on behalf of students. Eight volunteering faculty members were chosen by criterion sampling who were working in the field of Educational Sciences of universities in Turkey. Interviews were conducted with participants who were informed about the structure and operation of this system in advance. The results of the study suggested that Charter Schools were advantageous in terms of individualism, diversity and flexible curriculum though flexible curriculum, monitoring and audition process could lead to some problems when it was practiced in Turkey.",
"corpus_id": 155018358,
"title": "The Notion of Charter Schools and Its Feasibility in Turkey."
} | {
"abstract": "Academic Accountability between Charter and Public-School Principals in New Jersey By Nicole Goodman MSW, Yeshiva University, 2002 BS, Metropolitan School of New York, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2019 Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore school principals’ accountability with student academic performance. Charter and public-school principals are responsible for the learning process and academic development. Previously published literature did not reveal a clear understanding of the policies and practices that contributed in obtaining the desired student academic outcomes. Parsons’s theory of action served as the foundation for analyzing principals’ decisions to achieve accountability and comply with the policies established by the regulating authorities. A snowball sampling of school principals included a public charter school principal and 5 traditional public-school principals in the state of New Jersey. A multiple case study approach with semi structured interviews and openended questions was used to collect data, which was then transcribed, coded, and processed in Dedoose software program. Gaining insight may prove beneficial to the accountability of principals’ duties disposed by school policies and practices. The study findings helped identify accountability standards common for both types of educational establishments. The study found that academic accountability goes beyond school principals and that school principals spend the least amount of time as instructional leaders. Finding contributes to positive social change by highlighting the need for regulatory agencies to identify and set clear guidelines of accountability, implement effective monitoring and measuring tools of accountability, and hold all stakeholders accountable for promoting student academic performance and achievement.The purpose of this study was to explore school principals’ accountability with student academic performance. Charter and public-school principals are responsible for the learning process and academic development. Previously published literature did not reveal a clear understanding of the policies and practices that contributed in obtaining the desired student academic outcomes. Parsons’s theory of action served as the foundation for analyzing principals’ decisions to achieve accountability and comply with the policies established by the regulating authorities. A snowball sampling of school principals included a public charter school principal and 5 traditional public-school principals in the state of New Jersey. A multiple case study approach with semi structured interviews and openended questions was used to collect data, which was then transcribed, coded, and processed in Dedoose software program. Gaining insight may prove beneficial to the accountability of principals’ duties disposed by school policies and practices. The study findings helped identify accountability standards common for both types of educational establishments. The study found that academic accountability goes beyond school principals and that school principals spend the least amount of time as instructional leaders. Finding contributes to positive social change by highlighting the need for regulatory agencies to identify and set clear guidelines of accountability, implement effective monitoring and measuring tools of accountability, and hold all stakeholders accountable for promoting student academic performance and achievement. Academic Accountability between Charter and Public-School Principals in New Jersey By Nicole Goodman MSW, Yeshiva University, 2002 BS, Metropolitan School of New York, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University November 2019",
"corpus_id": 203292444,
"title": "Academic Accountability between Charter and Public-School Principals in New Jersey"
} | {
"abstract": "The economic model of education policy assumes that there is a substantial consensus on educational goals among constituencies and that the major challenge is to determine the most effective strategies for reaching those goals. Unfortunately, the debate over educational vouchers is complicated by the presence of multiple and competing goals, and mixed and ambiguous evidence. The result is that differences in conclusions on the effectiveness of vouchers largely mirror interpretations that are conditioned heavily by competing ideologies rather than straightforward facts. The primary conflict is between what we term “libertarian” and “social contract” positions. Libertarians believe that freedom of choice should be the highest priority of voucher reforms and assume that a private marketplace with increased options will promote greater efficiency and (possibly) equity. Advocates for a social contract maintain that education generates important positive externalities that are best promoted through a free, publicly funded and operated and democratically determined educational system. This work contends that evaluations must openly acknowledge such competing beliefs and preferences for particular goals rather than simply attributing their views to the “facts.” Our framework allows policy makers to predict outcomes and understand the trade‐offs among goals that choice reforms entail, even in the presence of limited or ambiguous evidence.",
"corpus_id": 38419446,
"score": 2,
"title": "Vouchers and Public Policy: When Ideology Trumps Evidence"
} |
{
"abstract": "Positive structural identification of the PBN-trichloromethyl spin adduct in vitro was accomplished with the use of high pressure liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Both thin layer and liquid chromatography were used to separate a complex mixture of compounds from rat liver extracts treated with CCl4 in vitro and in vivo. Deuterated PBN's (PBN-d9; tert-butyl deuteration, or PBN-d14; both phenyl and tert-butyl deuteration) were also used to aid in the mass spectral analysis of spin adducts from liver extracts of CCl4 exposed rat livers, since the tert-butyl group fragment ion. C4D9+ (m/z = 66) is always present for PBN and PBN spin adducts. In addition, the masses of the ion peaks increase by the amount of deuteration, i.e. an increase of 9 for PBN-d9 or PBN-d14 in comparison to normally synthesized PBN.",
"corpus_id": 5698325,
"title": "Mass spectroscopy and chromatography of the trichloromethyl radical adduct of phenyl tert-butyl nitrone."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The GC/MS spectra of the methyl adduct of PBN as the aminoxyl and as the corresponding hydroxylamine are reported. Similar results are obtained with higher alkyl analogues. With excess alkyl Grignard the O-alkyl hydroxylamine ether (PBN double adduct) is obtained if the solution is exposed to O2 in the presence of the alkyl spin adduct of PBN. A mechanism involving radical trapping by the alkyl spin adduct is proposed.",
"corpus_id": 97867584,
"title": "Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) of Single and Double Spin Adducts of PBN and the Hydroxylamines of Corresponding Structure"
} | {
"abstract": "In this clearly written and balanced volume, longtime Middle East expert Don Peretz examines the current conditions and future prospects of the Palestine refugees and the members of the Palestinian diaspora.He reviews their demographics, living conditions, political identity, and perspectives on the peace process, including the Gaza-Jericho plan. He explores a variety of proposed solutions, including repatriation, compensation, and resettlement.",
"corpus_id": 154433178,
"score": 0,
"title": "Palestinians, Refugees, and the Middle East Peace Process"
} |
{
"abstract": "Humans often evidence little difficulty at recognizing objects from arbitrary orientations in depth. According to one class of theories, this competence is based on generalization from templates specified by metric properties (MPs), that were learned for the various orientations. An alternative class of theories assumes that non-accidental properties (NAPs) might be exploited so that even novel objects can be recognized under depth rotation. After scaling MP and NAP differences so that they were equally detectable when the objects were at the same orientation in depth, the present investigation assessed the effects of rotation on same-different judgments for matching novel objects. Judgments of a sequential pair of images of novel objects, when rendered from different viewpoints, revealed relatively low costs when the objects differed in a NAP of a single part, i.e. a geon. However, rotation dramatically reduced the detectability of MP differences to a level well below that expected by chance. NAPs offer a striking advantage over MPs for object classification and are therefore more likely to play a central role in the representation of objects.",
"corpus_id": 2494577,
"title": "One-shot viewpoint invariance in matching novel objects"
} | {
"abstract": "Is visual cortex made up of general-purpose information processing machinery, or does it consist of a collection of specialized modules? If prior knowledge, acquired from learning a set of objects is only transferable to new objects that share properties with the old, then the recognition system’s optimal organization must be one containing specialized modules for different object classes. Our analysis starts from a premise we call the invariance hypothesis: that the computational goal of the ventral stream is to compute an invariant-to-transformations and discriminative signature for recognition. The key condition enabling approximate transfer of invariance without sacrificing discriminability turns out to be that the learned and novel objects transform similarly. This implies that the optimal recognition system must contain subsystems trained only with data from similarly-transforming objects and suggests a novel interpretation of domain-specific regions like the fusiform face area (FFA). Furthermore, we can define an index of transformation-compatibility, computable from videos, that can be combined with information about the statistics of natural vision to yield predictions for which object categories ought to have domain-specific regions in agreement with the available data. The result is a unifying account linking the large literature on view-based recognition with the wealth of experimental evidence concerning domain-specific regions.",
"corpus_id": 771946,
"title": "The Invariance Hypothesis Implies Domain-Specific Regions in Visual Cortex"
} | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT This study aimed to test the effects of mental (i.e. executive) load during a dual physical-mental task on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, and arousal. The protocol included two dual tasks with matched physical demands but different executive demands (2-back and oddball), carried out on different days. The procedure was run twice to assess the sensitivity and stability of RPE, valence and arousal across the two trials. Linear mixed-effects analyses showed less positive valence (−0.44 points on average in a 1–9 scale; Rβ2 = 0.074 [CI90%, 0.052–0.098]), and heightened arousal (+0.13 points on average in a 1–9 scale; Rβ2 = 0.006 [CI90%, 0.001–0.015]), for the high executive load condition, but showed no effect of mental load on RPE. Separated analyses for the two task trials yielded best-fitting models that were identical across trials for RPE and valence, but not for arousal. Model fitting was improved by assuming a 1-level autoregressive covariance structure for all analyses. In conclusion, executive load during a dual physical-mental task modulates the emotional response to effort, but not RPE. The autoregressive covariance suggests that people tend to anchor estimates on prior ones, which imposes certain limits on scales' usability.",
"corpus_id": 13846819,
"score": 1,
"title": "A test-retest assessment of the effects of mental load on ratings of affect, arousal and perceived exertion during submaximal cycling"
} |
{
"abstract": "We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for postoperative ileus (POI) after total joint arthroplasty in a consecutive group of patients between January 2004 and December 2005 using regional anesthesia and multimodal pain management protocols. Postoperative ileus developed in 31 (0.7%) of 4567 patients. Of these patients, 21 (67.7%) were men, and 10 (32.3%) were women, with a mean age of 68 years (range, 52-91 years). The ileus was treated successfully in 29 patients during the hospitalization. One patient died from this complication, and another one required sigmoid colon resection due to perforation. The risk factors for developing POI after joint arthroplasty were older age, male sex, hip arthroplasty, and prior history of abdominal surgery. The type and dose of narcotic medications, as administered using our current protocol, did not appear to influence the development of POI.",
"corpus_id": 2118510,
"title": "Postoperative ileus after total joint arthroplasty."
} | {
"abstract": "In eight dogs, cellotomy, rubbing the small bowel, and exposing it to air suppressed the migrating bursts of action potentials and contractions that occur in the gastrointestinal tract during fasting and greatly slowed (one to three days) the gastrointestinal transit of 7-mm plastic spheres. The operation also caused a transient one-day increase in the concentration of epinephrine and a more prolonged five-day increase in the concentration and norepinephrine in arterial and venous plasma. Phentolamine mesylate and propranolol hydrochloride prevented the inhibition of the bursts of gastric action potentials brought about by operation, but these drugs did not alter the inhibition of the small intestinal action potentials or the speed of gastrointestinal transit of spheres.",
"corpus_id": 35520572,
"title": "Pathophysiology of postoperative ileus."
} | {
"abstract": "In people, the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of intrapelvic masses can be used to distinguish a malignant from a benign mass. As prognosis varies greatly between malignant and benign intrapelvic masses, knowledge of their biological behavior can aid treatment planning before surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine if CT characteristics exist to help differentiate benign from malignant intrapelvic masses in dogs. The CT images of 14 dogs with a histopathologically confirmed intrapelvic mass were evaluated. Postcontrast internal heterogeneity of the mass was the only characteristic significantly associated with malignancy (P = 0.005). Preoperative CT examination of intrapelvic masses in dogs can provide prognostic information before invasive surgical treatment.",
"corpus_id": 26731743,
"score": 1,
"title": "Computed tomographic characteristics of intrapelvic masses in dogs."
} |
{
"abstract": "Dear Editor, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is spiral in shape with a flagellum, gram-negative, micro aerophilic bacterium which colonizes in the human gastric mucosa and the infection may last for decades. It is thought that the H. pylori infection is the most common bacterial infection and influences approximately 50%–75% of the population worldwide (Lv et al. 2015). It is the main reason for the upper gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal), chronic gastritis, gastric cancer and gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (Tian et al. 2015). According to the Conference of Maastricht III, the first line of treatment is amoxicillin, omeprazole, and clarithromycin, as triple therapy, for 7 days, which results in an eradication rate of about 80% (75%–98%) (Malfertheiner et al. 2007). Clarithromycin, in particular, is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic indicated for the treatment of many different types of bacterial infections affecting the skin and respiratory system as well as most Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) bacteria. Beyond proofs of the efficiency of Clarithromycin in the treatment of many major and common infections, there is a Bdark^ aspect to this matter. Some antibiotics, in fact, are reported to stimulate adverse psychiatric effects with an onset within 7 days of initiation and resolution 24–48 h after its interruption (Shah et al. 2012). This phenomenon might be underestimated due to a low clinical incidence but it is being reported in a growing number of cases (Abouesh and Hobbs 1998; Brooks and Hoblyn 2005; Khalili 2014; Lally and Mannion 2013). Known as Antibiomania, it often develops in subjects with no personal or family psychiatric history; age and genetic influences have been excluded, even though some authors suggest a predisposition in elderly. Clarithromycin is among those more commonly associated with psychosis with few reported cases involving amoxicillin (Shah et al. 2012); it has an excellent CSF penetration (Schmidt et al. 1993), but no reports of interaction with central neurotransmitters were found so far in the literature (Shah et al. 2012). A case arrived at our clinical attention might contribute in filling that gap.We documented, for the first time to our knowledge, interactions between Clarithromycin, neurotransmitters and the immunological system. BThe patient had a negative psychiatric history except for two iatrogenic episodes developed during treatment for eradication of Helicobacter Pilory (Clarithromycin 1 g b.i.d + amoxicillin 2 g b.i.d for two weeks at the first episode and one week at the second one). She showed mood symptoms at the first episode and psychotic symptoms at the second. The last administration of Clarithromycin (1 g b.i.d for two days) dated back to a week before her admission to the ER due to low level of consciousness. All the results of clinical examinations as well as laboratory data were within normal limits. Drug abuse screening was negative and blood alcohol concentration was zero. A CT scan of the head was normal. A lumbar puncture was not done. During the Psychiatric * Ester di Giacomo ester.digiacomo@yahoo.com",
"corpus_id": 1323270,
"title": "Progresses about the Interplay among Clarithromycin, Immune and Central Nervous Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "Although mania is commonly associated with bipolar disorder, it can have many etiologies (1). Thus, “primary mania” results from bipolar disorder, whereas “secondary mania” results from pharmacological, metabolic, or neurologic causes (1, 2). Older adults are at risk for secondary mania because of increased medical comorbidities and neurological changes. In one retrospective study of 50 patients with mania who were older than 65 years, it was the first manic episode for 28% of the patients and 71% had a comorbid neurological disorder (3). The etiology of mania is important because although acute symptomatic treatment of both primary and secondary mania may be similar, appropriate treatment of secondary mania includes addressing the cause (1). We present here two case histories of secondary mania in older adults, discuss their presentations and differential diagnosis in turn, and discuss treatment.",
"corpus_id": 26795263,
"title": "Secondary mania in older adults."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract An experimental study was conducted on the influence of various parameters on solute retention in supercritica-fluid chromatography, using columns packed with small particles. The influence of the pressure drop over the column on retention was founsd to be significant. When the column inlet pressure was kept constant, an initial decrease in the capacity factor with increasing pressure drop was observed. A tentative explanation for this unexpected effect can be given if a lack of thermal equilibrium in the column is assumed. Retention data may be extrapolated towards zero pressure drop if the mean column pressure is kept constant in the experiments. A systematic difference was observed between retention data obtained in this study and those in the literature on columns packed with small particles on the one hand, and literature data obtaiend on column packed with relatively large particles or open-tubular columns on the other.",
"corpus_id": 95799435,
"score": 0,
"title": "Effect of pressure on retention in supercritical-fluid chromatography with packed columns"
} |
{
"abstract": "Electrochemical performances of two ternary compounds (Cr2GaN and Cr3GaN) in the CrGa-N system as possible future anode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries were studied. Motivation for this study was dealt in chapter 2 following chapter 1 that covered introduction to batteries, lithium ion batteries and anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Synthesis method with less time was attempted and factors affecting synthesis of these compounds were investigated. (Chapter 3) Through electrochemical characterization and insitu XRD, practical values of electrochemical capacities were examined in comparison with theoretical capacity values (Chapter 4) and also possible reaction mechanisms of these compounds vs. Li were proposed (Chapter 5). Thesis Supervisor: Yet-Ming Chiang Title: Kyocera Professor of Ceramics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my advisor, Prof. Yet-Ming Chiang for his support in various ways. I'm also grateful to Chiang group members. I cannot express my gratitude enough to my loving parents and my sister for their endless love and support. I deeply appreciate my husband, Jongchul. Without him, I couldn't have completed this thesis. I also thank my friend at MIT and at FKCC for their advice and prayers. Above all, I give my thanks to Lord, my shepherd. @",
"corpus_id": 54192784,
"title": "Cr-Ga-N Materials for Negative Electrodes in Li Rechargeable Batteries: Structure, Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance"
} | {
"abstract": "Bulk samples of the layered ternary nitride Cr2GaN were observed to extrude filaments of pure elemental gallium at room temperature. This self-extrusion phenomenon is best described as a room-temperature deintercalation of gallium from the basal planes of porous Cr2GaN samples. The extruded filaments are single crystals with 2- to 100-micrometer diameters and can be several centimeters long.",
"corpus_id": 6892116,
"title": "Room-temperature deintercalation and self-extrusion of Ga from Cr2GaN"
} | {
"abstract": "We show that the reaction mechanism in Li/[SnO:(B 2 O 3 ) x :(P 2 O 5 ) y glass (0.1≤x,y≤0.5)], Li/[SnO: B 2 O 3 ) 0.5 :(P 2 O 5 ) 0.5 :(K 2 CO 3 ) 0.04 glass] and Li/SnO cells is common. During the first discharge, the oxygen bonded to tin (as SnO) reacts with lithium to give metallic tin (which can be present as clusters of a few atoms) and lithia. The tin reacts with further lithium to the composition limit of Li 4.4 Sn. During charge the Li is removed from the lithium-tin alloy. The other components of the glass (e.g., B 2 O 3 . P 2 O 5 , Li 2 O, etc, ) are inert with respect to lithium, and we call the atoms which make up these phases spectator atoms, Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical methods, we show that size of the initial tin regions which form is inversely proportional to the spectator:Sn atom ratio. However, during cycling, all of these materials show the subsequent aggregation of the tin atoms into clusters which grow with cycle number until they reach a saturated size. The final cluster size is larger for materials with smaller X:Sn ratio. We propose a speculative model, which predicts the saturated Sn cluster size, as a function of the spectator:Sn ratio.",
"corpus_id": 94138162,
"score": -1,
"title": "On the Aggregation of Tin in SnO Composite Glasses Caused by the Reversible Reaction with Lithium"
} |
{
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nPatterns of elevated serum peptides may reveal additional markers and permit better classification of tumors based on (secondary) peptide secretion.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFasting peptide profiles were obtained from 31 carcinoid patients. vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), neurotensin, substance P, gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), calcitonin, gastrin, and pancreastatin were measured. Peptide elevation patterns were correlated with disease sites, syndrome, and survival.\n\n\nRESULTS\nElevations in patients were as follows: VIP 0%, PP 13%, neurotensin 10%, substance P 20%, GRP 3%, calcitonin 10%, and gastrin 3%. There were no consistent patterns of elevated peptides with regard to site or syndrome. Pancreastatin was elevated in 81% of profiles and was the only abnormal peptide in 57% of patients.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nPeptide profile results do not permit improved classification, predict syndrome development, or correlate with survival. In contrast, pancreastatin is elevated in most cases and may be utilized to monitor disease progression and evaluate response to therapy.",
"corpus_id": 1251390,
"title": "Serum peptide profiles in patients with carcinoid tumors."
} | {
"abstract": "Carcinoid syndrome is the product of a rare but fascinating malignant neoplasm. Carcinoid syndrome was described more than 100 years ago, and recent advances in diagnostic localization, elucidation of the mechanisms of oncogenesis, treatment options, and, consequently, patient prognosis have been made. Current modalities of treatment, possible therapeutic implications of new avenues of research, and current literature on the chemotherapeutic combinations used are reviewed.",
"corpus_id": 11363128,
"title": "Carcinoid disease"
} | {
"abstract": "I-131 MIBG, a specific radiopharmaceutical agent for scintigraphic imaging and treatment of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma may be useful for detection of apudomas. Scintigraphy with I-123 radiolabeled MIBG was performed in a patient with metastatic carcinoid tumor from the rectum. I-123 MIBG scintigraphic findings showed multiple areas of abnormal tumor uptake of hepatic and bone metastases from the rectal carcinoid. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated multiple metastatic lesions. Computed tomography revealed multiple solid tumors of the liver. This report describes accumulation of I-123 MIBG in the liver and bone metastases from the rectal carcinoid. Radioiodine MIBG scintigraphy may be useful for detecting metastatic lesions, for evaluating postoperative recurrence, and also for the treatment of the carcinoid tumor.",
"corpus_id": 20156408,
"score": 2,
"title": "I‐123 MIBG Imaging of Metastatic Carcinoid Tumor From the Rectum"
} |
{
"abstract": "In less than a year’s time, March 2022 will mark the twentieth anniversary of the first documented game jam, the Indie Game Jam, which took place in Oakland, California in 2002. Initially, game jams were widely seen as frivolous activities. Since then, they have taken the world by storm. Game jams have not only become part of the day-to-day process of many game developers, but jams are also used for activist purposes, for learning and teaching, as part of the experience economy, for making commercial prototypes that gamers can vote on, and more. Beyond only surveying game jams and the relevant published scientific literature from the last two decades, this paper has several additional contributions. It builds a history of game jams, and proposes two different taxonomies of game jams — a historical and a categorical. In addition, it discusses the definition of game jam and identifies the most active research areas within the game jam community such as the interplay and development with local communities, the study and analysis of game jammers and organisers, and works that bring a critical look on game jams.",
"corpus_id": 236778580,
"title": "Two Decades of Game Jams"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper, we present the findings of an interview study of game developers participating to a constrained game development event, Survival Mode 2016 game jam. Survival Mode 2016 was organized in Finnish Lapland as the northernmost jamming site of Global Game Jam (GGJ) 2016. The event differed from the typical Global Game Jam site in Finland in terms of participants being mostly experienced game developers and that there were additional design constraints for their projects. In addition to the global theme, the participants of the Survival Mode 2016 had an extra thematic constraint and the setting of the event itself created such constraints as limited Internet connectivity and power supply. The interviewees reflected on their projects and experiences with design constraints providing interesting insight to the role of design constraints in game development and the difference between a jam setting and commercial game creation projects. These observations can be utilized in further studies of game design constraints as well as in the design of different game jam events.",
"corpus_id": 3088856,
"title": "Design Constraints in Game Design Case: Survival Mode Game Jam 2016"
} | {
"abstract": "En este articulo tomamos la division deleuzoguattariana entre sujecion social (assujettissement) y esclavitud maquinica (asservissement machinique) para comprender la formacion del cognitariado en las jornadas de desarrollo de videojuegos Global Game Jams. Despues de contextualizar dichas sesiones y su importancia para la industria del desarrollo de videojuegos trabajaremos, por un lado, las dimensiones de la sujecion usuario-productor (apelacion al emprendimiento, formacion permanente, gestacion de comunidades) y, por otro lado, las dimensiones de la esclavitud maquinica (dinamicas de trabajo flexible, fusion de juego y trabajo, division de tareas y proyectos, etc.).",
"corpus_id": 155960317,
"score": -1,
"title": "Videojuegos y sociedades de control: la formación del cognitariado en las Global Game Jams"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract The work presented in this paper focuses on the effect of the presence of non-equilibrium δ-ferrite on the impact properties of a supermartensitic stainless steel. To generate homogeneous δ-ferrite containing microstructures the material was, in the first part of the present study, subjected to a series of high temperature furnace heat treatments. Three microstructures possessing variable ferrite content and different grain sizes were generated. Charpy impact results indicate that the presence of 14% δ-ferrite in a martensitic matrix of 60 μm prior austenite grain size, raises the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by about 50°C compared with a fully martensitic microstructure of 80 μm. For a similar grain size, reducing the amount of δ-ferrite from 14 to 2% restored the DBTT to a level comparable to that of the tempered parent material. A Gleeble simulator was used to create the range of microstructures found in a weld heat affected zone (HAZ). Testing of the simulated HAZ indicated that toughness was not significantly affected by the presence of δ-ferrite. The DBTT was comparable to that of the parent material and lower than that of the heat treated specimens containing 14% δ-ferrite.",
"corpus_id": 15149968,
"title": "Effect of δ-ferrite on impact properties of supermartensitic stainless steel heat affected zones"
} | {
"abstract": "Supermartensitic stainles steels (SMSS's) are a new generation of martensitic steels that have been increasingly used in oil and gas applications due to their adequate corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In the present study, SMSS specimens (UNS S41425) were solution heat treated and air cooled followed by plasma nitriding and nitrocarburising at 400, 450 and 500°C for 5h. The produced layers were characterized by optical microscopy, microhardness testing, X-ray diffraction and corrosion testing in NaCl 3.5% solution. Surface alloying with nitrogen or both nitrogen and carbon results in increased surface hardness and homogeneous layers in which layer thickness increases with temperature. However, plasma nitriding yields a slightly thicker case than nitrocarburising. X-ray diffraction indicates very broad and overlapped peaks for the treatments conducted at 400°C. Increasing treatment temperature appears to result in the formation of chromium nitrides and iron nitrides and carbides, depending on the treatment. It was also found that treatment temperature drastically affects the corrosion response of the steel. The untreated steel presented a pitting potential close to 250mV. Plasma nitriding at 400°C was the only condition in which significant improvement of corrosion is observed. For plasma nitriding and nitrocarburising at 450 and 500°C, some pitting was detected.",
"corpus_id": 54515110,
"title": "Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Nitrided and Nitrocarburised Supermartensitic Stainless Steel"
} | {
"abstract": "Brittle fracture of steel structures has been a matter of considerable concern to both engineers and metallurgists for many years, it now being generally recognized that the cleavage mode of failure occupies a central position with respect to the problem. The paper reviews experimental evidence pertaining to the cleavage process in mild steel, particular attention being given to very recent work on the effect of second phase particles. A physical model of the process is thereby constructed, and in so doing, previous theories are critically examined and extended or modified where appropriate.RésuméDepuis plusieurs années la rupture grafile des structures en acier donne bien des soucis tant aux ingénieurs qu'aux metallurgists, en l'on admet maintenant plus ou moins-généralement que le mode de rupture par clivage tient fine position centrale dans ce problème. Dans cette note on passe en revue les données expérimentales relatives au processus de clivage dans l'acier doux, et l'on discute en plus de détail des travaux tout récents portant sur l'influence des particles de seconde phase. A partir de ces données on établit un modèle physique du processus et, cc faisant, on examine critiquement les theories antécédentes, en y apportant éventuellement des amplifications ou modifications appropriées.ZusammenfassungSeit vielen Jahren hat der bei Stahlkonstruktionen vorkommende spröde Bruch den sich dzmit befassenden Technikern und Metallurgen erhebliche Sorgen gemacht, indem jetzt allgemein anerkannt ist, dass die mit Trennbrueh bezeichnete Bruchart in dieser Hinsicht eine Schlfsselstellung hat. Die Arbeit bring eine Zusammenfassung der aus Versuchen gewonnenen Ergebrdsse beziiglich des Trennvorganges in Flussstahl; ausserdem wird, den neuesten Erkenntnissen über den Einfluss von Teilchen der zweiten Phase besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Dabei wird ein physikalisches Modell des Vorganges gebaut und gleichzeitig werden die bisherigen Theorien kritisch überpriift and erweitert oder gegebenenfalls abgeändert.[/p]",
"corpus_id": 135558537,
"score": 2,
"title": "Cleavage fracture in mild steel"
} |
{
"abstract": "PURPOSE\nThe purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the variability and predictors of expressive vocabulary development in children with autism and very delayed language.\n\n\nMETHOD\nThis study involved 35 children with autism whose initial chronological ages were between 20 and 71 months and whose initial expressive vocabularies were less than 60 words. Their expressive vocabularies were measured at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months following the start of intervention using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory (L. Fenson et al., 1993).\n\n\nRESULTS\nA cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct patterns of expressive vocabulary development over 2 years. The number of words said, the presence of verbal imitation skills and pretend play skills with objects, and the number of gestures to initiate joint attention at baseline were all associated with the cluster of children who demonstrated the most rapid expressive vocabulary growth over time. The 2 clusters of children who demonstrated the least vocabulary growth had the most significant developmental delays and autism severity at 6 months, but not at baseline.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis study confirms the heterogeneity in language development in young children with autism and, consistent with other reports, confirms that specific prelinguistic skills are predictive of development.",
"corpus_id": 3103331,
"title": "Predictors of expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism."
} | {
"abstract": "Parent-managed behavioral interventions for young children with autism are under-researched. We analyzed data from 66 children served by 25 different early intervention consultants. After a mean of 31.6 months of intervention IQ scores had not changed (N = 22). Vineland adaptive behavior scores had increased significantly by 8.9 points (N = 21). No children aged > 72 months attained normal functioning, i.e., IQ > 85 and unassisted mainstream school placement (N = 42). Progress for 60 children across 12 months was found for mental age (5.4 months), adaptive behavior (9.7 months), and language (5.1 months). The interventions did not reproduce results from clinic-based professionally directed programs. The effectiveness of the parent-managed intervention model as it has developed and the adequacy of professional services in that model are discussed.",
"corpus_id": 11708582,
"title": "Progress and outcomes for children with autism receiving parent-managed intensive interventions."
} | {
"abstract": "An analysis of the recent literature on the control of surgical infections confirms the role of antimicrobial agents which guarantee valid perioperative antisepsis in both clean and clean-contaminated surgery. Current chemotherapy is able to check serious postoperative infectious complications by reducing the risk of septic shock with use of a glycopeptide-aminoglycoside-betalactam combination together with anti-inflammatory drugs.",
"corpus_id": 6852926,
"score": 1,
"title": "Selecting antibacterial agents for the control of surgical infection: mini-review."
} |
{
"abstract": "Is privilege always a bad thing? The problem with privilege often lies in its tendency to only be afforded to a select few. This means that on the other end of privilege is the concept of exclusion. But what might be the possibility if we sought for all people to enjoy a privileged life? Is there a new way that we can conceptualize our approach to the concept of privilege? Privilege is truly about providing a firm and positive foundation. It is aligned with positive concepts like benefits, rights, and freedoms. It seems that what we are really working to achieve is an experience where all people are able to live lives of privilege, opportunity, and abundance. The social definition of privilege states that it is a benefit granted under certain conditions. From a social justice point of view, this “condition” is simply being a member of our global society. According to this definition, it seems that everyone deserves privilege as a human right. And so, the work of educators that are seeking to engineer a sense of social responsibility among privileged students is not to encourage students to discard their privilege.",
"corpus_id": 155778848,
"title": "The Purpose of Privilege: Engaging Privilege as a Form of Resistant Capital"
} | {
"abstract": "Toby Jenkins argues for including the roles of advocates and agents in higher education's conversation about social justice.",
"corpus_id": 142204437,
"title": "Bottom line: A seat at the table that I set: Beyond social justice allies"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract. Glutathione (GSH), γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) and major free amino acids were measured in darkened and illuminated leaves from untransformed poplars (Populus tremula × P. alba) and poplars expressing Escherichia coli genes for γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS; EC 3.2.3.3) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). In poplars overexpressing γ-ECS, foliar γ-EC contents and GSH contents were markedly enhanced compared to poplars lacking the bacterial gene for the enzyme. However, the quantitative relationship between the foliar pools of γ-EC and GSH in these transformants was markedly dependent on light. In the dark, GSH content was relatively low and γ-EC content high, the latter being higher than the foliar GSH contents of untransformed poplars in all conditions. Hence, this transformation appears to elevate γ-EC from the ranks of a trace metabolite to one of major quantitative importance. On illumination, however, γ-EC content decreased fourfold whereas GSH content doubled. Glutathione was also higher in the light in untransformed poplars and in those overexpressing GR. In these plants, γ-EC was negligible in the light but increased in the dark. Cysteine content was little affected by light in any of the poplar types. No light-dependent changes in the extractable activities of γ-ECS, glutathione synthetase (EC 3.2.3.2) or GR were observed. In contrast, both the activation state and the maximum extractable activity of nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) were increased by illumination. In all poplar types, glutamate and aspartate were the major amino acids. The most marked light-induced increases in individual amino acids were observed in the glutamine, asparagine, serine and glycine pools. Illumination of leaves from poplars overexpressing γ-ECS at elevated CO2 or low O2 largely abolished the inverse light-dependent changes in γ-EC and GSH. Low O2 did not affect foliar contents of cysteine or glutamate but prevented the light-induced increase in the glycine pool. It is concluded that light-dependent glycine formation through the photorespiratory pathway is required to support maximal rates of GSH synthesis, particularly under conditions where the capacity for γ-EC synthesis is augmented.",
"corpus_id": 12521586,
"score": 0,
"title": "Light-dependent modulation of foliar glutathione synthesis and associated amino acid metabolism in poplar overexpressing γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase"
} |
{
"abstract": "Fearful facial expressions evoke increased neural responses in human amygdala. We used event-related fMRI to investigate whether eye or mouth components of a fearful face are critical in evoking this increased amygdala activity. In addition to prototypical fearful (FF) and neutral (NN) faces, subjects viewed two types of chimerical face: fearful eyes combined with a neutral mouth (FN), and neutral eyes combined with a fearful mouth (NF). FE faces evoked specific responses in left anterior amygdala. FN faces evoked responses in bilateral posterior amygdala and superior colliculus. Responses in right amygdala, superior colliculus, and pulvinar exhibited significant time x condition interactions with respect to faces with fearful eyes (FF, FN) vs neutral eyes (NF, NN). These data indicate that fearful eyes alone are sufficient to evoke increased amygdala activity. In addition, however, left amygdala displayed discriminatory responses to fearful eyes in different configural contexts (i.e., in FF and FN faces). These results suggest, therefore, that human amygdala responds to both feature-specific and configural aspects of fearful facial expressions.",
"corpus_id": 455514,
"title": "Human Amygdala Responses to Fearful Eyes"
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThe amygdala plays a central role in the human response to affective or emotionally charged stimuli, particularly fear-producing stimuli. We examined the specificity of the amygdala response to facial expressions in adults and children.\n\n\nMETHODS\nSix adults and 12 children were scanned in a 1.5-T scanner during passive viewing of fearful and neutral faces using an EPI BOLD sequence. All scans were registered to a reference brain, and analyses of variance were conducted on the pooled data to examine interactions with age and gender.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOverall, we observed predominantly left amygdala and substantia innominata activity during the presentation of nonmasked fearful faces relative to fixation, and a decrease in activation in these regions with repeated exposure to the faces. Adults showed increased left amygdala activity for fearful faces relative to neutral faces. This pattern was not observed in the children who showed greater amygdala activity with neutral faces than with fearful faces. For the children, there was an interaction of gender and condition whereby boys but not girls showed less activity with repeated exposure to the fearful faces.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis is the first study to examine developmental differences in the amygdala response to facial expressions using functional magnetic resonance imaging.",
"corpus_id": 35944801,
"title": "Amygdala response to facial expressions in children and adults"
} | {
"abstract": "1. \n1. The pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas), a palaearctic songbird, is endangered in its breeding grounds by a number of highly diverse predators and, on occasion, by several avian nest competitors. The ecological impact of the various dangers upon the adult P.F. and/or its brood is broadly assessed and the defence methods described. \n \n2. \n2. In order to elucidate part of the stimuli which elicit two distinct anti-predator responses, mobbing and snarling attacks, enemy dummies were presented to over 2200 territorial subjects in the course of 12 years, utilizing three German populations (Berlin, Hessen, Brunswick) and one in Spain (La Granja). Comparison with mobbing responses to the live enemy give confidence in the dummy experiment as a suitable and valid method of approach. \n \n3. \n3. Mobbing movements and calls together with their characteristic interrelationships are described as a function of response strength RS. Phenomena as diverse as warming-up, after-response, and short-term fluctuations of the calling rate, all of which are a function of RS, can be causally explained by a unifying concept called ‘catch’. \n \n4. \n4. A number of external and internal factors tend to increase or diminish mobbing responsiveness. Opportunity to see live redbacked shrikes (= redbacks) (Lanius collurio) neither detectably affected the response to shrikes nor to incomplete shrike patterns. Subjects when tested repeatedly with the same dummy stimulus tend to remain significantly at the same RS level. RS data from parents and their offspring are presented, the proper evaluation of which in terms of heritability has suffered so far from lack of suitable statistics. Evidence for spontaneity of mobbing derives from vacuum alarms of both wild and captive, hand-raised birds. \n \n5. \n5. Three similar-sized enemies, e.g. pigmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum), male redback, and great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major) are recognized by various sign stimuli, the physical complexity and/or the degree of interaction of which increase(s) in that order. Interaction follows the principle of ‘stimulus dilation’ both in terms of RS as well as of the underlying aroused motivation M. The latter conclusion is permitted through the derivation of the functional relationship RS = f(M). Two simple formalisms are proposed that can account for ‘weighted summation’ of sign stimuli with stimulus dilation being a special case. \n \n6. \n6. Novelty can be dismissed as an explanation for the high-intensity mobbing of shrikes and owls. However, novel bird-shaped models of about shrike-size do elicit some alarm when properly oriented and minimally patterned, suggesting a new version of the ‘rarity principle’ of danger recognition. Recognition of the perched predator is at the same time specific enough not to be mistaken by harmless bird species resembling either enemy, and sufficiently unspecific as to cope with at least two shrike and several owl species. \n \n7. \n7. A varying fraction out of eighty-eight hand-raised, predator-naive birds responded, though somewhat sub-normally, when tested from 5 weeks up to nearly 3 years of age to live owls and shrikes. Live, novel control birds released some mobbing typical for them from yearling birds, but not at 8 weeks of age. It is concluded that recognition of owls, shrikes, and novel birds is innate (as defined here, see C.2.2). Whether predator-unrelated, ‘subsidiary’ experiental factors would contribute to the response predictability of birds growing up normally is doubtful as suggested by RS levels of hand-raised as compared to wild-caught subjects familiarized with captivity. The innate nature of recognition accords well with a number of observations, among which the wholesale failure to condition, by five different methods, and mobbing in both wild and captive birds to neutral and novel stimuli is the most conspicuous. \n \n8. \n8. The hypothesis of at least two perceptual channels decoding either owls or shrikes and subserving a common response mechanism received strong support from five pieces of evidence: (a) Sign stimuli of both predators do not effectively combine thus explaining at the same time the low releasing value of the redback female, (b) An identical change of both predators leads to a different effect in each case, (c) Habituation of the response to the shrike neither affects the response to the owl, nor does the latter lead to dishabituation. (d) The owl response is capable of raising the stimulus value of an otherwise ineffective owl model but not that of an otherwise ineffective shrike (or novel bird) model, (e) Factors associated with a foreign territory abolish almost entirely the response to shrikes (and novel birds), but not the owl response. Differential evaluation of identical sign stimuli, a range of distinctly different (low) releasing values, and, presumably, the susceptibility to habituation leads one to invoke a third channel in its own right that is tuned to novel birds. The functional independence of the three channels envisaged is underlined by the lack of intra-individual correlation of responses to two classes of objects. \n \n9. \n9. The adaptiveness of nest defence strategies in general is derived from the compromise achieved between protection of the brood and that of the defending adults. Owl-shrike recognition in particular is not only currently maintained but also has arisen by the pressures from owls and shrikes as evidenced by the precise fit between (a) stimulus configuration and corresponding IRM, and (b) perceptual capabilities and the geographical distribution of both enemies. In order to elucidate the way in which these exert selection pressure a more direct approach to the problem of survival value is needed. \n \n10. \n10. In an attempt at a synthesis, a coherent scheme is proposed which accounts for the results of both stimulus and response analysis. Its most prominent features are distinct though non-unitary, danger-specific perceptual channels which converge before or at the adaptively appropriate common response mechanism M. It is argued that not only recognition of at least several danger stimuli is innate (para. 7), but also the multi-channel organization of recognition itself. Factors that are apt to modify RS with the stimulus remaining constant (para. 4) either affect the channel activated or M (plus that channel?). The nature of the channels and evolutionary implications considering the ecological diversity of the impact by predators upon perceptual mechanisms of the prey are discussed. \n \n \n \n \nFinally, the maintenance of the IRM concept is advocated if used as a shorthand description of a rigorously defined stimulus-response correspondence and the operations performed to establish it.",
"corpus_id": 22348211,
"score": 2,
"title": "The functional organization of anti-predator behaviour in the pied flycatcher: A study of avian visual perception"
} |
{
"abstract": "Tapered retainer-side guides (49) are formed at opening edges of through holes (47) excluding their communicating areas with corresponding jig insertion openings (48), and the front end surface of a housing (10) is formed with slanted housing-side guides (15) in the communicating areas of the opening edges of the through holes (47) with the jig insertion openings (48) when a retainer (40) is at a full locking position. Slanted guiding surfaces are formed over the entire peripheries of the opening edges of the through holes (47) by the retainer-side guides (49) and the housing-side guides (15). Thus, tabs of male terminal fittings can be securely guided to insertion openings (14).",
"corpus_id": 15666482,
"title": "Food for talk: photo frames to support social connectedness for elderly people in a nursing home"
} | {
"abstract": "This study employed a qualitative approach to obtaining an in-depth and holistic understanding of reminiscing in the elderly. Inviting elders as participants, this investigation aimed for full descriptions of individual cases, while also attempting to identify general trends and significant patterns among them. This empirical study comprises a two-year research project. The first year involves an exploratory study, including surveying the related literature and identifying key concepts. During the second year, this study designed a ‘Story Frame’, and conducted case studies and qualitative interviews. Story Frame is an artefact to record the vocalised responses of elderly subjects when viewing photos of the past. To better understand digital material regarding reminiscing in simple form, this study establishes conditions to identify families to participate in three studies using Story Frame. The results indicate that sharing the recorded audio-photos can trigger further conversations. By successfully catalysing embodied and social interaction, reminiscence can establish self-identity, improve social connectedness and create feelings of well-being.",
"corpus_id": 28936625,
"title": "Study through designing reminiscing activities for the elderly"
} | {
"abstract": "The emergence and proliferation of email, mobile communication devices, internet chatrooms, shared virtual environments, advanced tele-conferencing platforms and other telecommunication systems underline the importance of developing measurement methods that are sensitive to the human experience with these systems. In this paper, we discuss the concepts of social presence and connectedness as complementary notions, each relating to a different set of media properties that serve distinct communication needs.",
"corpus_id": 17050778,
"score": 2,
"title": "Staying in touch : social presence and connectedness through synchronous and asynchonous communication media"
} |
{
"abstract": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) in the marine protandrous yellowfin porgy (Acanthopagrus latus). Female fish were injected with 2 doses of LHRH analog (10 and 40 μg per kg). Ovarian tissue was obtained at 6 h intervals for in vitro analysis of oocyte maturation. The most effective steroids for inducing in vitro maturation (germinal vesicle breakdown and GVBD) in cultured oocytes were 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) and 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S). 17,20βP was less potent than 20βS in inducing oocyte maturation. At higher concentrations, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, and 20β-21-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one also significantly induced oocyte maturation. A tritiated precursor [(3)H]-pregnenolone, was cultured in vitro together with the maturing ovarian tissue. The tritiated metabolites were purified and identified by solvent extraction, HPLC, TLC, acetylation reaction and recrystallization. HPLC, TLC and recrystallization analysis showed that significant levels of tritiated 11-deoxycortisol (a precursor of 20β-S) and 20β-S, but not 17,20βP, were biosynthesized from [(3)H]-pregnenolone. Similar TLC profiles were obtained from the tritiated products that were isolated from the HPLC/TLC 20β-S fraction and standard 20β-S after the acetylation reaction. Constant specific radioactivity of tritiated 11-deoxycortisol and 20β-S but not 17,20βP by recrystallization was obtained in the tritiated metabolites isolated from HPLC and TLC fractions. The expression of 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-HSD) mRNA (a key enzyme that converts 11-deoxycortisol to 20β-S) was significantly increased in maturing ovarian tissue. This study provides the first evidence that 20β-S is converted from 11-deoxycortisol and is the possible MIS in yellowfin porgy.",
"corpus_id": 1408387,
"title": "17,20β,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one biosynthesis and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression during final oocyte maturation in the protandrous yellowfin porgy, Acanthopagrus latus."
} | {
"abstract": "[14C]Progesterone, 17-[3H]hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-[3H]dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta P) were incubated for 1, 3, 6 or 24 hr with ovaries from carp which had received injections of either carp pituitary extract or saline. All three substrates were very rapidly metabolized to polar products, but 17,20 beta P was not detected as a metabolite of either progesterone or 17-hydroxyprogesterone. The major metabolite in all incubations was very similar, but not identical, in chemical and chromatographic properties to 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 6 alpha, 17,20 beta-tetrol. A compound isopolar with 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 6 alpha, 17,20 alpha-tetrol was isolated only in incubations of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is suggested that hydroxylation and reduction may be a deactivation mechanism allowing 17,20 beta P to build up as an intermediate, and active maturation inducing steroid, only in response to the ovulatory gonadotrophin surge, thus assisting in synchrony of oocyte maturation.",
"corpus_id": 27976887,
"title": "In vitro metabolism of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one by ovaries of the common carp Cyprinus carpio: production rates of polar metabolites."
} | {
"abstract": "SummaryMutations in the PRP20 gene of yeast show a pleiotropic phenotype, in which both mRNA metabolism and nuclear structure are affected. srm1 mutants, defective in the same gene, influence the signal transduction pathway for the pheromone response. The yeast PRP20/SRM1 protein is highly homologous to the RCC1 protein of man, hamster and frog. In mammalian cells, this protein is a negative regulator for initiation of chromosome condensation. We report the analysis of two, independently isolated, recessive temperature-sensitive prp20 mutants. They have identical G to A transitions, leading to the alteration of a highly conserved glycine residue to glutamic acid. By immunofluorescence microscopy the PRP20 protein was localized in the nucleus. Expression of the RCC1 protein can complement the temperature-sensitive phenotype of prp20 mutants, demonstrating the functional similarity of the yeast and mammalian proteins.",
"corpus_id": 21878965,
"score": 1,
"title": "Analysis of yeast prp20 mutations and functional complementation by the human homologue RCC1, a protein involved in the control of chromosome condensation"
} |
{
"abstract": "Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains are normally synthesized in excess compared to the heavy chain partners and can be detected in serum and urine (“free” LC). Occasionally free LC are per se cause of organ toxicity, as in free LC-related disorders. In AL amyloidosis, the most common of these conditions, free LC with peculiar biophysical properties related to their primary structure damage target organs and organize in amyloid fibrils. Unlimited availability of well-characterized free LC is instrumental to investigate the toxic effect of these proteins and to study their interactions with targets. We present a straightforward strategy to obtain recombinant monoclonal free LC by using a bacterial system. These proteins, expressed as inclusion bodies, were subjected to solubilization and refolding procedures to recover them in native form. To minimize differences from the circulating natural LC, full-length recombinant LC were expressed, i.e. complete of variable and constant regions, with the original amino acid sequence along the entire protein, and with no purification tags. The strategy was exploited to generate free LC from three AL amyloidosis patients. After purification, recombinant proteins were biochemically characterized and compared to the natural Bence Jones protein isolated from one of the patients. Results showed that the recombinant free LC were properly folded and formed homodimers in solution, similar to the natural Bence Jones protein used for comparison. Furthermore, as proof of pathogenicity, recombinant proteins formed amyloid fibrils in vitro. We believe that the present strategy represents a valuable tool to speed research in free LC-related disorders.",
"corpus_id": 18566252,
"title": "A Strategy for Synthesis of Pathogenic Human Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in E. coli"
} | {
"abstract": "Monoclonal Ig light chains (LC) can be responsible for pathologic conditions in humans, as in systemic amyloid light amyloidosis. Protean clinical manifestations characterize this disorder with the most varied combination of symptoms generated by different degrees of diverse organ involvement. Kidney and heart are most frequently interested, with major heart involvement as the most relevant prognostic factor. The identification of the underlying mechanism involved in organ targeting is of major relevance for the pathobiology of this disorder. To this aim, we characterized the repertoire of variable region germline genes of λ LC preferentially targeting the heart and compared it with the repertoire of LC that do not in a case-control study. We found that the repertoires were highly restricted, showing preferential use of the same few germline genes but with a different frequency pattern. A single gene, IGVL1-44, was found associated with a 5-fold increase in the odds of dominant heart involvement (after adjusting for confounders in a multivariable logistic model). These results support an involvement of LC genetics in the determination of organ targeting. Study of the characteristics of IGVL1-44-LC with, and of the minority without, heart involvement might lead to identification of LC/tissue interactions.",
"corpus_id": 399713,
"title": "The repertoire of λ light chains causing predominant amyloid heart involvement and identification of a preferentially involved germline gene, IGLV1-44."
} | {
"abstract": "Light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) is a fatal disease in which immunoglobulin LC deposit as fibrils. Although the LC amyloid-forming propensity is attributed primarily to the variable region, fibrils also contain full-length LC comprised of variable-joining (V(L)) and constant (C(L)) regions. To assess the role of C(L) in fibrillogenesis, we compared the thermal stability of full-length LC and corresponding V(L) and C(L) fragments. Protein unfolding and aggregation were monitored by circular dichroism and light scattering. A full-length λ6 LC purified from urine of a patient with AL amyloidosis showed irreversible unfolding coupled to aggregation. The transition temperature decreased at slower heating rates, indicating kinetic effects. Next, we studied five recombinant λ6 proteins: full-length amyloidogenic LC, its V(L), germline LC, germline V(L), and C(L). Amyloidogenic and germline proteins showed similar rank order of stability, V(L) < LC < C(L); hence, in the full-length LC, V(L) destabilizes C(L). Amyloidogenic proteins were less stable than their germline counterparts, suggesting that reduction in V(L) stability destabilizes the full-length LC. Thermal unfolding of the full-length amyloidogenic and germline LC required high activation energy and involved irreversible aggregation, yet the unfolding of the isolated V(L) and C(L) fragments was partially reversible. Therefore, compared to their fragments, full-length LCs are more likely to initiate aggregation during unfolding and provide a template for the V(L) deposition. The kinetic barrier for this aggregation is regulated by the stability of the V(L) region. This represents a paradigm shift in AL fibrillogenesis and suggests C(L) region as a potential therapeutic target.",
"corpus_id": 8304538,
"score": -1,
"title": "The critical role of the constant region in thermal stability and aggregation of amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain."
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper reports on the importance of firm entry and growth flows in Portuguese manufacturing during the period 1982–86, and investigates their determinants. We find that both movements are induced by past profitability and deterred by economies of scale, product differentiation and sunk costs. The analysis does not reject the hypothesis that the determinants of firm entry and growth are quantitatively the same, thereby giving some support to the hypothesis that entry and expansion are close substitutes in absorbing industry excess profits, and that the choice between them does not depend on the height of the entry/mobility barriers.",
"corpus_id": 153396398,
"title": "Firm entry and firm growth"
} | {
"abstract": "factor in studies of industrial economics since Bain's seminal work on barriers to new competition (Bain, 1956). The weight of empirical evidence (see the studies cited in Section II below) indicates that long-run average cost curves are horizontal over large ranges of output; in which case the point at which they are first minimized becomes important in determining, among other things, the barriers to entry into an industry. Four deterrent effects of minimum efficient size on entry may be identified. (a) The larger the minimum efficient plant size (henceforth, MESP) in relation to the size of the market, the greater are the difficulties of attracting enough customers away from their existing suppliers to reap full production economies. (b) For any given price elasticity of demand, an entrant will reduce the price of the product more, and/or provoke greater retaliation by existing firms, the greater is the size of his addition to productive capacity (as determined by the MESP in industry).",
"corpus_id": 154723966,
"title": "A New Measure of Minimum Efficient Plant Size in UK Manufacturing Industry"
} | {
"abstract": "Several findings emerge from this study of strategic entry deterrence. For new products, firms attempt to limit entry through patent preemption and the creation of product loyalty through heavy advertising expenditures. Limit pricing is used much less often. For mature, existing products, firms attempt to limit entry through filling all available product niches, through masking product specific data on profitability, and again through the creation of product loyalty through advertising expenditures. The practice of entry deterrence is surprisingly important to the firms involved. More than half the respondents reported that attempts to deter entry were comparable in importance to other strategic marketing and production decisions.",
"corpus_id": 154089865,
"score": 2,
"title": "Empirical evidence on strategic entry deterrence"
} |
{
"abstract": "Background Epithelial cells(EC)-derived interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a crucial role in control of development and homeostasis of neighboring intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) exerts protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells and up-regulates EC-derived IL-7 expression through KGFR pathway. This study was to further investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of IL-7 expression by KGF in the intestine. Methods Intestinal epithelial cells (LoVo cells) and adult C57BL/6J mice were treated with KGF. Epithelial cell proliferation was studied by flow cytometry for BrdU-incorporation and by immunohistochemistry for PCNA staining. Western blot was used to detect the changes of expression of P-Tyr-STAT1, STAT1, and IL-7 by inhibiting STAT1. Alterations of nuclear extracts and total proteins of IRF-1, IRF-2 and IL-7 following IRF-1 and IRF-2 RNA interference with KGF treatment were also measured with western blot. Moreover, IL-7 mRNA expressions were also detected by Real-time PCR and IL-7 protein level in culture supernatants was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results KGF administration significantly increased LoVo cell proliferation and also increased intestinal wet weight, villus height, crypt depth and crypt cell proliferation in mice. KGF treatment led to increased levels of P-Tyr-STAT1, RAPA and AG490 both blocked P-Tyr-STAT1 and IL-7 expression in LoVo cells. IRF-1 and IRF-2 expression in vivo and in vitro were also up-regulated by KGF, and IL-7 expression was decreased after IRF-1 and IRF-2 expression was silenced by interfering RNA, respectively. Conclusion KGF could up-regulate IL-7 expression through the STAT1/IRF-1, IRF-2 signaling pathway, which is a new insight in potential effects of KGF on the intestinal mucosal immune system.",
"corpus_id": 720274,
"title": "Up-Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Derived IL-7 Expression by Keratinocyte Growth Factor through STAT1/IRF-1, IRF-2 Pathway"
} | {
"abstract": "SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, is involved in interaction between hosts and viruses, and participates in diverse cellular processes including inflammatory responses and innate immunity. Here, we investigated the interaction between reovirus infection and the cellular SUMOylation machinery using grass carp reovirus (GCRV) as a model. Full-length cDNAs of grass carp SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 were obtained and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they shared high homology with those of higher vertebrates. The two modifiers and SUMO conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues of grass carp. During GCRV infection in CIK cells, transcriptional expressions of SUMO1/2 and Ubc9 were significantly inhibited; while UV-inactivated GCRV failed to inhibit the expression of the three molecules, which suggested that SUMOylation system was suppressed during viral replication. In CIK cells treated with inhibitor 2-D08 for SUMOylation, GCRV replication was not interfered; however, transcriptional analysis of immune genes involved in anti-viral interferon (IFN) response indicated that IRF2 and PKR were significantly up-regulated in CIK cells treated with inhibitor in contrast to IRF1, IRF7 and IFNI. Furthermore, 2-D08 treatment coupled with GCRV challenge resulted in higher IRF2 and PKR level during infection in comparison to those of CIK cells infected with GCRV only. These results indicated that inhibition of SUMOylation should result in the induction of PKR via IFN-independent manner, and both IFN-signaling and IFN-independent signaling seemed to involve in the upregulation of PKR during the process of GCRV infection. Repression of SUMOylation by GCRV might represent a cellular antiviral mechanism.",
"corpus_id": 20733890,
"title": "Repression of SUMOylation pathway by grass carp reovirus contributes to the upregulation of PKR in an IFN-independent manner"
} | {
"abstract": "ABSTRACT Background: As one of the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the worldwide, lung cancer needs to be understood better. Nowadays, increasing point mutations of specific oncogenes are biomarkers used to predict the therapeutic effect of targeted therapy and lung cancer has entered the age of individual treatment. At present, many relevant researchers have suggested that EGFR is a biomarker used to predict the therapeutic effect of targeted therapy. A large number of evidence indicates that EGFR/Akt pathway plays important role in cancer growth and metastasis. Aim of the Study: In this paper, we found EGFR was a target of miR-646. Results: Overexpression of miR-646 not only downregulated EGFR/Akt pathway, but also inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. At the same time, miR-646 was a prognosis factor for overall survival. Conclusion: Our finding could provide new insights into the molecular therapeutic of lung cancer.",
"corpus_id": 3527776,
"score": 1,
"title": "miR-646 is a key negative regulator of EGFR pathway in lung cancer"
} |
{
"abstract": "The hypothesis that dietary L-arginine (L-Arg) supplementation would increase growth hormone (GH) secretion and antibody production in preruminant calves was tested. Sixteen newborn calves were randomly assigned to either Arg+ or Arg- treatment groups. Both groups were fed a single dose of Colostrx within 6 h after birth followed by milk replacer twice daily until weaning. Beginning with the Colostrx feeding, calves in the Arg+ group were supplemented with L-arginine at 500 mg kg x BW(-1) x d(-1), and the Arg- group received equivalent, but unsupplemented, diets. All calves were immunized against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on d 4 and received a booster vaccination on d 14. The Arg+ treatment increased (P < .05) plasma L-Arg and urea concentrations an average of 2.8-fold and 26%, respectively, during the 4-wk supplementation period. Average daily gain (ADG) of Arg+ calves was increased (P < .10) during wk 1, 3, and 5 of life. The Arg+ treatment depressed (P < .05) total and KLH-specific IgG concentrations in plasma and caused a decrease (P < .01) in circulating leukocyte numbers. Differential counts revealed that the decrease in circulating leukocyte numbers was due to decreases in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. The Arg+ diet did not affect mean plasma GH concentrations during the first 3 wk of life, but GH mean concentrations were decreased (P < .01) during wk 4 due to depressed (P < .10) pulse amplitudes. The decrease in GH mean concentrations during wk 4 was paralleled by lower (P < .10) plasma IGF binding protein-3 concentrations. These data show that supplementary L-Arg does not increase plasma GH concentrations, but it increases ADG, depresses KLH antibody production, and alters circulating leukocyte populations in preruminant calves.",
"corpus_id": 2461680,
"title": "Arginine supplementation increases weight gain, depresses antibody production, and alters circulating leukocyte profiles in preruminant calves without affecting plasma growth hormone concentrations."
} | {
"abstract": "Prenatal exposure of pregnant dams to oscillating magnetic fields can cause behavioural deficits in their offspring which persist into adulthood. These changes are waveform‐specific and may involve nitric oxide. To investigate the interaction between nitric oxide modulation and perinatal magnetic fields, dams were exposed from 2 days before to 14 days after birth to one of six magnetic field conditions (1, 5, 10, 50 or 500 nT or sham) and given either water, 1 g/L nitric oxide precursor l‐arginine or 0.5 g/L nitric oxide synthase inhibitor n‐methylarginine. At weaning (22d), their offspring were placed in the open field for observation. Rats given 50 nT field or 500 nT field + water were hyperactive and showed increased rearing and bodyweight. These strong effects were attenuated or absent in groups given 50 or 500 nT field + n‐methylarginine. Groups given sham field + l‐arginine were behaviourally similar to animals given 50 or 500 nT field + water. Higher intensity fields showed robust behavioural and physiological effects. In general, these effects were counteracted by co‐administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor n‐methylarginine, which had little effect on its own. Shams given NO precursor l‐arginine were highly similar to those given any higher intensity magnetic field. Results support a critical developmental role of NO and the involvement of NO in magnetic field effects.",
"corpus_id": 8020567,
"title": "Developmental effects of perinatal exposure to extremely weak 7Hz magnetic fields and nitric oxide modulation in the Wistar albino rat"
} | {
"abstract": "There is currently an explosion of research activity on food safety, including Salmonella contamination of pork and pork products. Salmonellosis is considered to be one of the most common foodborne illnesses in humans, with worldwide distribution and increased incidence in the United States during the last years (CDC,2000). Reasons for this include; increased public awareness of microbiological hazards of food, widespread distribution of virulent serotypes such as Salmonella typhimurium DT104, improved monitoring, increasing consumption of foods of animal origin, changes in consumer eating habits, and increased number of highly susceptible people (with impaired immune system).",
"corpus_id": 216654967,
"score": 1,
"title": "Salmonella in the Pork Production Chain"
} |
{
"abstract": "Oat- (Avena sativa) maize (Zea mays) chromosome additions are produced by crossing maize and oat. During early embryo development maize chromosomes are preferentially eliminated, and oat plants are often recovered that retain a single maize chromosome. Each of the 10 maize chromosomes recently has been isolated as a separate oat-maize addition. We describe here the mapping of 400 maize sequences to chromosomes using polymerase chain reaction and DNA from the oat-maize addition material. Fifty of the sequences were from cloned markers that had been previously mapped by linkage analysis, and our results were consistent with those obtained using Southern-blot analysis. Previously unmapped expressed sequence tags and sequence tagged sites (350) were mapped to chromosomes. Maize gene sequences and expression data are rapidly being accumulated. Coupling this information with positional information from high throughput mapping programs provides plant biologists powerful tools for identifying candidate genes of interest.",
"corpus_id": 2914096,
"title": "Mapping maize sequences to chromosomes using oat-maize chromosome addition materials."
} | {
"abstract": "Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis tritici (Pst)) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in the world. Exploiting and utilizing stripe rust resistance genes of wild species has become an essential strategy for resistance breeding. Psathyrostachyshuashanica Keng ex Kuo is a wild species in Triticeae that has been used for wheat improvement because of its high resistance or immunity to stripe rust. In this study, 9 wheat-P. huashanica addition lines were characterized by Giemsa C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and disease resistance evaluation. Giemsa C-banding and GISH demonstrated that lines 163-5, 165-1, 183-5, 240-3, and 240-4 are P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome monosomic addition lines; lines 183-1 and 183-20 are P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome disomic addition lines; line 165-20 is a P. huashanica 3Ns and 4Ns chromosomes double disomic addition line, and line 219-1 is a P. huashanica 1Ns and 3Ns/5A chromosomes double disomic addition-substitution line. All these addition lines with P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome(s) expressed high resistance or immunity to stripe rust. By comparing the series of wheat-P. huashanica chromosome addition lines, we concluded that the P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome carries the gene(s) for resistance or immunity to stripe rust. These addition lines can be used as a donor source of novel stripe rust resistance to wheat breeding programs.",
"corpus_id": 5579890,
"title": "The 3Ns Chromosome of Psathyrostachys huashanica Carries the Gene(s) Underlying Wheat Stripe Rust Resistance"
} | {
"abstract": "Lack of a genotype-independent transformation protocol for sunflower is a major bottleneck in improving this important oilseed crop. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol is described, which was adaptable across a broad range of sunflower genotypes. The improved transformation approach used cotyledons from mature seeds vertically split through the embryo axis. The LBA 4404 Agrobacterium strain was used, which carried pCAMBIA 2301 plasmid containing UidA as the reporter gene and nptII as the selectable marker for transformants on kanamycin. Bacterial titer, cotyledon type, acetosyringone concentration and vacuum application enhanced the transformation efficiency. Wounding, enzyme pretreatment and sonication significantly reduced the transformation frequency. Putative transgenic shoots were obtained through both axillary proliferation and adventitious shoot regeneration. Following two and three cycles of selection on kanamycin for axillary and adventitious shoots, respectively, putative transformed shoots were obtained at an average frequency of 3.0 %. Reporter gene histochemical assay and molecular characterization of primary and T1 transgenic plants revealed stable transgene integration, expression and monogenic inheritance. The standardized procedure was tested on 28 genotypes comprising sets of inbred, maintainer, restorer and hybrid lines. Transformation was successful in all genotypes albeit with variable frequency in all except the hybrid lines wherein it was stable around 4.0 %. The procedure opens possibilities of directly improving any commercial genotypes of sunflower.",
"corpus_id": 15400114,
"score": 1,
"title": "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotyledons of mature seeds of multiple genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)"
} |
{
"abstract": "At EuroPARC, we have been exploring ways to allow physically separated colleagues to work together effectively and naturally. In this paper, we briefly discuss several examples of our work in the context of three themes that have emerged: the need to support the full range of shared work; the desire to ensure privacy without giving up unobtrusive awareness; and the possibility of creating systems which blur the boundaries between people, technologies and the everyday world.",
"corpus_id": 161846,
"title": "Realizing a video environment: EuroPARC's RAVE system"
} | {
"abstract": "We begin by reviewing current spatial approaches to CSCW (mediaspaces, spatial video conferencing, collaborative virtual environments and telepresence applications) and classifying them along the proposed dimensions of transportation, artificiality and spatiality. This classification leads us to identify new shared space applications; so called mixed realities. We present an example of a mixed reality called the Internet Foyer, an application which provides a unified entry point into an organisation's physical and electronic environments and which supports awareness and chance encounters between the occupants of physical and synthetic space.",
"corpus_id": 6955,
"title": "Shared spaces: transportation, artificiality, and spatiality"
} | {
"abstract": "Automated methods of machine learning may prove to be useful in discovering biologically meaningful information hidden in the rapidly growing databases of DNA sequences and protein sequences. Genetic programming is an extension of the genetic algorithm in which a population of computer programs is bred, over a series of generations, in order to solve a problem. Genetic programming is capable of evolving complicated problem-solving expressions of unspecified size and shape. Moreover, when automatically defined functions are added to genetic programming, genetic programming becomes capable of efficiently capturing and exploiting recurring sub-patterns. This chapter describes how genetic programming with automatically defined functions successfully evolved motifs for detecting the D-E-A-D box family of proteins and for",
"corpus_id": 11224204,
"score": 1,
"title": "Automatic Discovery of Protein Motifs Using Genetic Programming"
} |
{
"abstract": "The growing complexity of embedded multiprocessor architectures for digital media processing will soon require highly scalable communication infrastructures. Packet switched networks-on-chip (NoC) have been proposed to support the trend for systems-on-chip integration. In this paper, an advanced NoC architecture, called Xpipes, targeting high performance and reliable communication for on-chip multi-processors is introduced. It consists of a library of soft macros (switches, network interfaces and links) that are design-time composable and tunable so that domain-specific heterogeneous architectures can be instantiated and synthesized. Links can be pipelined with a flexible number of stages to decouple link throughput from its length and to get arbitrary topologies. Moreover, a tool called XpipesCompiler, which automatically instantiates a customized NoC from the library of soft network components, is used in this paper to test the Xpipes-based synthesis flow for domain-specific communication architectures.",
"corpus_id": 24709911,
"title": "Xpipes: a network-on-chip architecture for gigascale systems-on-chip"
} | {
"abstract": "Using on-chip interconnection networks in place of ad-hoc glo-bal wiring structures the top level wires on a chip and facilitates modular design. With this approach, system modules (processors, memories, peripherals, etc...) communicate by sending packets to one another over the network. The structured network wiring gives well-controlled electrical parameters that eliminate timing iterations and enable the use of high-performance circuits to reduce latency and increase bandwidth. The area overhead required to implement an on-chip network is modest, we estimate 6.6%. This paper introduces the concept of on-chip networks, sketches a simple network, and discusses some challenges in the architecture and design of these networks.",
"corpus_id": 1740141,
"title": "Route packets, not wires: on-chip inteconnection networks"
} | {
"abstract": "Introduction: Rupture Gastric varices (GVs) can lead to catastrophic gastrointestinal bleeding, though it is much less in number than that of rupture oesophageal varices (OVs). Successful haemostasis of such bleeding is difficult specially in the back ground of non availability of appropriate drugs and instruments. Case Report: Introduction of intra-variceal injection of cyanoacrylate glue since 1980s has changed the scenario, it is cheaper and effective in controlling GVs related bleeding. A case of successful control of gastric variceal bleeding is reported. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10397 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 44-46",
"corpus_id": 57859399,
"score": -1,
"title": "GASTRIC VARICEAL OBLITERATION BY CYANOACRYLATE GLUE INJECTION"
} |
{
"abstract": "Since the pioneering work of Tennant and Wiggers,1 it has been known that total ischemia leads to a prompt cessation of contraction and eventually results in the appearance of cell damage and irreversible myocardial necrosis. Accordingly, in the minds of many cardiologists, the discovery of an abnormal regional contraction in a patient with coronary artery disease has long been equated with the presence of irreversible myocardial necrosis. With the advent of recanalization therapy, however, evidence progressively accumulated that prolonged regional “ischemic” dysfunction did not always arise from irreversible tissue damage and, to some extent, could be reversed by restoration of blood flow.2 3 4 5 These observations have led to the speculation that chronically hypoperfused myocardium, which is often referred to as “hibernating,”2 3 4 5 6 could maintain viability by simply reducing its metabolic demand to match the decreased supply for as long as myocardial perfusion was inadequate. The chronic impairment of contractile function in this setting has been regarded as a protective mechanism by which the heart spontaneously downgrades its myocardial function, minimizes its energy requirements, and prevents the appearance of irreversible tissue damage.2 4 5 The concept of chronic hibernation thus consists of two parts: a unique clinical observation that bears important implications for the management of patients with chronic coronary artery disease2 3 4 5 6 and a pathophysiological hypothesis, yet to be demonstrated, implying that the chronic dysfunction is due to a chronic reduction of resting MBF.4 5 Other aspects that were not included in the original description, ie, the rapidity of mechanical recovery after successful revascularization7 and the response of dysfunctional myocardium to inotropic stimulation, are now also considered to be integral parts of this condition. The purpose of this discussion is to review some of the …",
"corpus_id": 1954648,
"title": "Chronic myocardial hibernation in humans. From bedside to bench."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract— Hibernating myocardium, characterized by reductions in flow and function at rest, has limited contractile reserve in response to increases in external workload. We hypothesized that this attenuation of function reflects an adaptive downregulation that prevents the development of metabolic evidence of ischemia during stress. To test this hypothesis, pigs were chronically instrumented with a proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis for 3 months, resulting in severe anteroapical hypokinesis with reduced resting perfusion (0.78±0.05 versus 0.94±0.07 mL · min−1 · g−1 in remote, P <0.01; and 0.99±0.08 in controls, P <0.05). Open-chest studies confirmed resting dysfunction compared with normal controls (segment shortening 9.2±2.2% versus 23.5±1.1%, P <0.05). Resting myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced (63±3 versus 77±6 &mgr;L · g−1 · min−1 in controls, P <0.05), yet lactate consumption was normal. Although subendocardial perfusion failed to increase during graded, intravenous epinephrine infusion (n=8), peak segment shortening (to 17.3±3.1%, P <0.05) and oxygen consumption (to 90±6 &mgr;L · g−1 · min−1, P <0.01) increased from the depressed resting levels. There was no lactate production in hibernating myocardium, and lactate uptake increased during stress (0.7±0.1 to 1.2±0.1 &mgr;mol · g−1 · min−1, P <0.05). The absence of metabolic evidence of ischemia was also confirmed during atrial pacing to a rate of 120 bpm (n=8). Thus, despite reductions in function and oxygen consumption at rest, hibernating myocardium retains the ability to increase metabolism without the development of acute ischemia. This supports the hypothesis that the downregulation of oxygen consumption and function in hibernating myocardium is an adaptive response that prevents a supply-demand imbalance during submaximal increases in cardiac workload when coronary flow reserve is limited.",
"corpus_id": 515080,
"title": "Hibernating Myocardium Retains Metabolic and Contractile Reserve Despite Regional Reductions in Flow, Function, and Oxygen Consumption at Rest"
} | {
"abstract": "A series of theorems concerning functions subharmonic in a strip of the plane of x , y, the typical conclusion being that the limit of a subharmonic ƒ(x, y) when y → ∞, or an integral of ƒ(x, y) over all values of y, is a continuous convex function of x.",
"corpus_id": 122991816,
"score": 1,
"title": "Theorems concerning functions subharmonic in a strip"
} |
{
"abstract": "Measurements of lateral molecular diffusion on blebs formed on the surfaces of isolated muscle cells and myoblasts are reported. These blebbed membranes retain integral proteins but apparently separate from the detectable cytoskeleton. On blebs, acetylcholine receptors, concanavalin A receptors, and stearoyldextran extrinsic model receptor molecules are free to diffuse with a diffusion coefficient (D) approximately 3 x 10(-9) cm2/s, which is close to the value predicted for hydrodynamic drag in the lipid membrane. In contrast, diffusion of these typical receptors in intact cell membranes is constrained to D approximately less than 10(-10) cm2/s with substantial fractions virtually nondiffusible (D less than 10(-12) cm2/s). Lipid analog diffusion is also slightly enhanced in blebs as expected of evanescent lipid protein interaction. This strong enhancement of membrane protein diffusion is attributed to release from unidentified natural constraints that is induced in some way by detachment of the bleb membrane.",
"corpus_id": 1083273,
"title": "Enhanced molecular diffusibility in muscle membrane blebs: release of lateral constraints"
} | {
"abstract": "Nerve growth depends on the delivery of cell body–synthesized material to the growing neuronal processes. The cellular mechanisms that determine the topology of new membrane addition to the axon are not known. Here we describe a technique to visualize the transport and sites of exocytosis of cell body– derived vesicles in growing axons. We found that in Xenopus embryo neurons in culture, cell body–derived vesicles were rapidly transported all the way down to the growth cone region, where they fused with the plasma membrane. Suppression of microtubule (MT) dynamic instability did not interfere with the delivery of new membrane material to the growth cone region; however, the insertion of vesicles into the plasma membrane was dramatically inhibited. Local disassembly of MTs by focal application of nocodazole to the middle axonal segment resulted in the addition of new membrane at the site of drug application. Our results suggest that the local destabilization of axonal MTs is necessary and sufficient for the delivery of membrane material to specific neuronal sites.",
"corpus_id": 393831,
"title": "Dynamics of Axonal Microtubules Regulate the Topology of New Membrane Insertion into the Growing Neurites"
} | {
"abstract": "A polymer molecule in solution is treated as a porous sphere with a spherically symmetric permeability distribution. Solvent motion in and around this sphere is described by the Debije- Brinkman equation (Navier-Stokes equation and Darcy equation combined). The model allows a straightforward calculation of the frictional properties of a polymer in shear flow (intrinsic viscosity) and in translation (friction coefficient). Calculations have been carried out for a radial dependence of the permeability of the form k(r)=K exp(Qr2). The calculations provide us with 0 detailed information about the solvent flow through and around the macromolecular coil.",
"corpus_id": 123307442,
"score": 2,
"title": "Intrinsic viscosity and friction coefficient of permeable macromolecules in solution"
} |
{
"abstract": "The electrophysiological effects of intravenous administration of disopyramide (1.5 mg/kg) were studied in 26 patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND). Disopyramide shortened spontaneous cycle length (SCL) in 12 patients and lengthened it in 4. Maximum sinus node recovery time (max SRT) was prolonged in 9 patients and shortened in 6. Estimated sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was prolonged in 4 and shortened in 4 out of 10 patients in whom this measurement was possible. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Neither were there any significant changes in PA and AH intervals nor refractory periods of the AV node. HV intervals and refractory periods of the atrium at matched cycle length were significantly lengthened. Atrial echo beats and atrial premature beats disappeared in 7 of 12 patients treated with disopyramide. In all of these 7 patients atrial refractory period were increased. Thus, the disappearance of atrial echo beats and atrial premature beats was thought to be due to a prolonged atrial refractoriness. In 4 patients who had supraventricular arrhythmias without having either marked prolongation of max SRT or episodes of syncope, disopyramide was administered orally for a long term, during which these arrhythmias and symptoms disappeared and sinus rate increased. These results suggest that disopyramide is useful in patients with SND and supraventricular arrhythmias.",
"corpus_id": 112929,
"title": "Electrophysiological effects of disopyramide phosphate in patients with sinus node dysfunction."
} | {
"abstract": "Disopyramide phosphate is a new antiarrhythmic drug that has been shown to possess significant antiarrhythmic effects in animals and man. In the present investigation, the effects of 2, 5, and 10 μg/ml of disopyramide phosphate were studied on the electrophysiological properties of canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle superfused in vitro. Transmembrane action potentials were recorded from Purkinje fibers in the region of maximum action potential duration (gate), from Purkinje fibers proximal and distal to the gate, and from ventricular muscle. Disopyramide phosphate produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the slope of phase 4 diastolic depolarization of spontaneously beating Purkinje fibers. In all electrically stimulated fibers, the drug decreased the amplitude and the maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential. This depression of phase 0 characteristics was accompanied by a decrease in conduction velocity. In Purkinje fibers located at the gate, a concentration-dependent parallel shift to the right and a depression of the maximum of the membrane responsiveness curve occurred. Effects on action potential duration were variable. Repolarization was altered so that action potentials with dissimilar durations recorded from sites proximal to, at, and distal to the gate became equal. The total action potential duration and the effective refractory period of gate Purkinje fibers were prolonged, but the change in action potential duration was always greater than the change in effective refractory period so that the ratio of the change in duration to the change in refractory period was always greater than one.",
"corpus_id": 749541,
"title": "Electrophysiological Actions of Disopyramide Phosphate on Canine Ventricular Muscle and Purkinje Fibers"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract 1. 1. A nomogram for correcting the Q-T interval for heart rate, according to Bazett's formula, is presented. 2. 2. The Q-T corrected for rate represents the Q-T corresponding to a heart rate of 60 (cycle length 1.0 second). It is suggested that it be known as the Q-Tc. 3. 3. The lead in which the Q-T interval is largest is the correct lead in which to measure it.",
"corpus_id": 8404187,
"score": 2,
"title": "A nomogram for rate correction of the Q-T interval in the electrocardiogram."
} |
{
"abstract": "Switching transients generated by a selection diversity combiner corrupt receiver filters and increase the system outage as well as corrupting channel estimation. In order to produce an accurate (transient-free) channel estimate and reduce the internal outage, one prefers small switching rates. Therefore, knowledge of the switching rate provides useful information for system engineers in the design of selection diversity receivers. Yet, few results regarding the switching rates of select diversity receivers operating in noisy fading channels have been published. \n \nThe switching rate of L-fold selection diversity combining in a noisy environment is studied. A closed-form expression for the switching rate is derived for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of noise using order statistics. Simulation results are also provided to validate the theoretical results. Our results show that in order to produce an accurate channel estimate and reduce the internal outage, one prefers small switching rates, which can be realized by employing adaptive receiver filters to avoid excessive deleterious switching transients.",
"corpus_id": 8339478,
"title": "The Impact of Noise on Switching Rate of L-Fold Selection Diversity"
} | {
"abstract": "The effect of noise on the switching rate of a dual branch selection diversity combiner in noisy fading channels is examined. A closed-form solution is derived for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) and independent and nonidentically distributed (i.n.d.) fading channels. The switching rate in noisy fading channels is compared to that in noise-free conditions.",
"corpus_id": 13334826,
"title": "Switching rates of dual selection diversity in noisy fading channels"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper, we extend the approach of iterated coefficient updates to DFT-domain Volterra filters in diagonal coordinates. This technique, which has recently been successfully applied to the partitioned block frequency-domain Volterra filter, repeatedly uses the same block of data of the DFT-domain LMS adaptation and thus performs several updates per frame. Therefore, the available signal innovation is exploited more efficiently as this procedure can be implemented using a recursive scheme which demands a relatively moderate increase in computational power compared to the significantly improved performance. The benefits of such an approach are demonstrated by experimental results regarding both the echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) and the coefficient error norms of higher- order kernels for both noise and real speech signals.",
"corpus_id": 1141174,
"score": 1,
"title": "Framewise Repeated Coefficient Updates for Enhanced Nonlinear AEC by Diagonal Coordinate Volterra Filters"
} |
{
"abstract": "Background Few studies have used longitudinal ultrasound measurements to assess the effect of traffic-related air pollution on fetal growth. Objective We examined the relationship between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] on fetal growth assessed by 1,692 ultrasound measurements among 562 pregnant women from the Sabadell cohort of the Spanish INMA (Environment and Childhood) study. Methods We used temporally adjusted land-use regression models to estimate exposures to NO2 and BTEX. We fitted mixed-effects models to estimate longitudinal growth curves for femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), biparietal diameter (BPD), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Unconditional and conditional SD scores were calculated at 12, 20, and 32 weeks of gestation. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering time–activity patterns during pregnancy. Results Exposure to BTEX from early pregnancy was negatively associated with growth in BPD during weeks 20–32. None of the other fetal growth parameters were associated with exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. When considering only women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor locations, effect estimates were stronger and statistically significant for the association between NO2 and growth in HC during weeks 12–20 and growth in AC, BPD, and EFW during weeks 20–32. Conclusions Our results lend some support to an effect of exposure to traffic-related air pollutants from early pregnancy on fetal growth during mid-pregnancy.",
"corpus_id": 2823463,
"title": "Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth in the INMA Sabadell Cohort"
} | {
"abstract": "Background: Air pollution exposure during pregnancy might have trimester-specific effects on fetal growth. Objective: We prospectively evaluated the associations of maternal air pollution exposure with fetal growth characteristics and adverse birth outcomes in 7,772 subjects in the Netherlands. Methods: Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were estimated using dispersion modeling at the home address. Fetal head circumference, length, and weight were estimated in each trimester by ultrasound. Information on birth outcomes was obtained from medical records. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, NO2 levels were inversely associated with fetal femur length in the second and third trimester, and PM10 and NO2 levels both were associated with smaller fetal head circumference in the third trimester [–0.18 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.24, –0.12 mm; and –0.12 mm, 95% CI: –0.17, –0.06 mm per 1-μg/m3 increase in PM10 and NO2, respectively]. Average PM10 and NO2 levels during pregnancy were not associated with head circumference and length at birth or neonatally, but were inversely associated with birth weight (–3.6 g, 95% CI: –6.7, –0.4 g; and –3.4 g, 95% CI: –6.2, –0.6 g, respectively). Longitudinal analyses showed similar patterns for head circumference and weight, but no associations with length. The third and fourth quartiles of PM10 exposure were associated with preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89; and OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.79, relative to the first quartile]. The third quartile of PM10 exposure, but not the fourth, was associated with small size for gestational age at birth (SGA) (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.90). No consistent associations were observed for NO2 levels and adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions: Results suggest that maternal air pollution exposure is inversely associated with fetal growth during the second and third trimester and with weight at birth. PM10 exposure was positively associated with preterm birth and SGA.",
"corpus_id": 2178582,
"title": "Air Pollution Exposure During Pregnancy, Ultrasound Measures of Fetal Growth, and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study"
} | {
"abstract": "The relationship between haematologic parameters and pregnancy outcome was investigated in a prospective study, taking important covariates into consideration. A questionnaire asking information about smoking, alcohol consumption and iron intake was completed by a consecutive series of 796 ambulatory singleton pregnant women at 31-32 weeks of gestation. Subsequently, haematologic parameters were measured. After delivery, birth weight, gestation length and blood pressure values during pregnancy were abstracted from the obstetricians' records. Low birth weight (less than 2.500 g) and preterm birth (less than 37 weeks), were significantly more frequently seen in women with high haemoglobin (greater than or equal to 8.0 mmol/l) or high haematocrit (greater than 38%) values, with Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios varying from 2.4 to 4.2. Also a high erythrocyte count (greater than or equal to 4.5/pl) was correlated with low birth weight, while for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) no such relationships were found. Pregnancy induced hypertension was positively associated with haemoglobin, haematocrit and erythrocyte count, but could not fully explain the relationships between these parameters and adverse outcomes. Using multiple logistic regression with low birth weight and or preterm birth as the dependent variable, the effect of haematocrit still was demonstrable after controlling for smoking, hypertension, parity, alcohol consumption and iron intake. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that a higher blood viscosity is a risk factor for suboptimal placenta-perfusion.",
"corpus_id": 45527775,
"score": 2,
"title": "Haematologic parameters and pregnancy outcome. A prospective cohort study in the third trimester."
} |
{
"abstract": "The alcohol consumption of C57BL/Crgl mice decreased significantly when animals of this strain were injected with a solution of 0.2 mg of hydrocortisone acetate (a glucocorticoid) every second day. No such significant decrease in alcohol consumption occurred when C3H/Crgl/2 mice were injected with the same solution daily. When administered a solution of 0.5 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate (a mineralocorticoid), neither the C57BL/Crgl injected daily or every other day nor the C3H/Crgl/2 injected daily displayed a significant decrease in alcohol consumption. The results indicate possible involvement of glucocorticoids, rather than mineralocorticoids, in the alcohol preference of mice.",
"corpus_id": 837542,
"title": "Adrenal hormones and ethanol ingestion in C57BL/Crgl and C3H/Crgl/2 mice."
} | {
"abstract": "The effect of ACTH or dexamethasone treatment on ingestion of 10% ethanol, 0.5 M NaCl and water was studied in individually- and pair-housed rats. Crowding or decreasing the amount of space per rat by increasing the number of rats per cage from 1 to 2, together with the associated increase in social interactions caused a large increase in ethanol intake. In pair-housed rats and in rats housed alone, ACTH treatment caused a large increase in Na intake but no change in ethanol intake. In pair-housed rats and in rats housed alone, dexamethasone treatment caused no change in either ethanol or Na intake. Thus, it would appear that the induction or maintenance of a high ethanol intake of rats during crowding, a presumed social stressor, can not be attributed entirely to either an increase in blood ACTH levels with the subsequent increase in glucocorticoid hormones or to a decrease in blood ACTH and natural glucocorticoid hormone levels. However, the possibility that ACTH and/or adrenocorticoid hormones, combined with other physiological or environmental factors, causes stressor-induced ethanol intake cannot be excluded.",
"corpus_id": 23602382,
"title": "Voluntary ethanol intake of individually- or pair-housed rats: Effect of ACTH or dexamethasone treatment"
} | {
"abstract": "It is thought that the magnetic field of the Earth is generated by the hydromagnetic dynamo action in the Earth’s liquid outer core, consisting mainly of iron (the standard model). Here I propose that the magnetic field of the Earth is generated by dynamo action in the world ocean at the Earth’s surface. This hypothesis is free of the problems of the standard model; in particular, it explains the close temporal correlation between geomagnetic reversals and the stratigraphic boundaries defined by major or minor mass extinctions. Implications of this hypothesis for other terrestrial planets are briefly discussed.",
"corpus_id": 197478907,
"score": 0,
"title": "On the origin of the Earth's magnetic field"
} |
{
"abstract": "Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designed to reduce threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning from anthropogenic activities. Assessment of MPAs effectiveness requires synchronous sampling of protected and non-protected areas at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We used an autonomous underwater vehicle to map benthic communities in replicate ‘no-take’ and ‘general-use’ (fishing allowed) zones within three MPAs along 7o of latitude. We recorded 92 taxa and 38 morpho-groups across three large MPAs. We found that important habitat-forming biota (e.g. massive sponges) were more prevalent and abundant in no-take zones, while short ephemeral algae were more abundant in general-use zones, suggesting potential short-term effects of zoning (5–10 years). Yet, short-term effects of zoning were not detected at the community level (community structure or composition), while community structure varied significantly among MPAs. We conclude that by allowing rapid, simultaneous assessments at multiple spatial scales, autonomous underwater vehicles are useful to document changes in marine communities and identify adequate scales to manage them. This study advanced knowledge of marine benthic communities and their conservation in three ways. First, we quantified benthic biodiversity and abundance, generating the first baseline of these benthic communities against which the effectiveness of three large MPAs can be assessed. Second, we identified the taxonomic resolution necessary to assess both short and long-term effects of MPAs, concluding that coarse taxonomic resolution is sufficient given that analyses of community structure at different taxonomic levels were generally consistent. Yet, observed differences were taxa-specific and may have not been evident using our broader taxonomic classifications, a classification of mid to high taxonomic resolution may be necessary to determine zoning effects on key taxa. Third, we provide an example of statistical analyses and sampling design that once temporal sampling is incorporated will be useful to detect changes of marine benthic communities across multiple spatial and temporal scales.",
"corpus_id": 3957715,
"title": "Large-scale assessment of benthic communities across multiple marine protected areas using an autonomous underwater vehicle"
} | {
"abstract": "Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a key tool for achieving goals for biodiversity conservation and human well-being, including improving climate resilience and equitable access to nature. At a national level, they are central components in the U.S. commitment to conserve at least 30% of U.S. waters by 2030. By definition, the primary goal of an MPA is the long-term conservation of nature; however, not all MPAs provide the same ecological and social benefits. A U.S. system of MPAs that is equitable, well-managed, representative and connected, and includes areas at a level of protection that can deliver desired outcomes is best positioned to support national goals. We used a new MPA framework, The MPA Guide, to assess the level of protection and stage of establishment of the 50 largest U.S. MPAs, which make up 99.7% of the total U.S. MPA area (3.19 million km2). Over 96% of this area, including 99% of that which is fully or highly protected against extractive or destructive human activities, is in the central Pacific ocean. Total MPA area in other regions is sparse – only 1.9% of the U.S. ocean excluding the central Pacific is protected in any kind of MPA (120,976 km2). Over three quarters of the non-central Pacific MPA area is lightly or minimally protected against extractive or destructive human activities. These results highlight an urgent need to improve the quality, quantity, and representativeness of MPA protection in U.S. waters to bring benefits to human and marine communities. We identify and review the state of the science, including focal areas for achieving desired MPA outcomes and lessons learned from places where sound ecological and social design principles come together in MPAs that are set up to achieve national goals for equity, climate resilience, and biodiversity conservation. We recommend key opportunities for action specific to the U.S. context, including increasing funding, research, equity, and protection level for new and existing U.S. MPAs.",
"corpus_id": 248836653,
"title": "A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations"
} | {
"abstract": "Cyclic AMP (cAMP) serves as the second messenger for a variety of receptor systems. While much attention has been placed on the importance of receptor-stimulated levels of cAMP accumulation, little attention has been given to the potential importance of the unstimulated basal levels. We measured both stimulated and unstimulated cAMP accumulation, as well as receptor number, in lymphocytes in 15 subjects and found relatively strong associations between basal cAMP accumulation and systolic (p = .004) and diastolic (p less than .001) blood pressure. Blood pressure was unrelated to either receptor number or adrenergically-stimulated levels of cAMP. These results underscore not only the complexity of the role of cAMP in the regulation of blood pressure but also the usefulness of peripheral blood cells as models of more central physiological regulation.",
"corpus_id": 1876708,
"score": 0,
"title": "Lymphocyte basal cyclic AMP production predicts blood pressure."
} |
{
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nTo study the association of family and social risk factors with psychopathology in a longitudinal study of adolescents.\n\n\nMETHOD\nFrom 1986 to 1988, 3,419 seventh through ninth graders were screened with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The top decile scorers and a random sample of the remainder were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (n = 581). Follow-up interviews were completed 6 years later (mean age = 18.65; n = 490). Baseline variables are associated with baseline and follow-up diagnoses. Diagnoses are grouped by affective, disruptive, and anxiety disorders.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe frequency of psychiatric diagnosis decreased from 19.9% (baseline) to 5.7% (follow-up). In multivariable logistic regression analyses controlling for race, gender, and socioeconomic status, baseline undesirable life events and low family cohesion are associated with any disorder and affective disorder at baseline. Not living with both biological parents at baseline increases the odds ratio (OR) for affective disorder at baseline (OR 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-7.08) and follow-up (OR 4.40; CI = 1.26-15.40). At baseline and follow-up, anxiety and affective disorders are associated with being white and anxiety disorder with being female.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nFamily structure and cohesion and stressful life events are associated with affective disorders in adolescents.",
"corpus_id": 21225,
"title": "Family and psychosocial risk factors in a longitudinal epidemiological study of adolescents."
} | {
"abstract": "PURPOSE\nTo determine the prevalence and associated family factors of suicide attempts among junior and/or senior high school students, so as to provide bases for preventive measures of suicide in China.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA total of 13,512 students from 32 junior and/or senior high schools in grades 7 to 11 in eight cities of China participated in a self-administered anonymous survey to report their frequency of suicide attempts during the past year. Sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco, and alcohol use in the past 30 days were asked. Stressful family life events were used to evaluate the subjects' family characteristics.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOverall, 2.7% (338/12,470) in-school adolescents reported a suicide attempt during the past year, girls significantly more often than boys. Considered independently, all stressful family life events were strongly associated with increased risk for self-reported suicide attempts. When taking sociodemographic characteristics, life style, and all the five family factors selected from factor analysis into consideration, there was a significant independent impact of three family factors on increasing suicide attempts risk among adolescents. The most notable risks were derived from improper parental rearing behavior, separation from parents, and social problems of the family members. However, neither poor material conditions of family life nor family member's adversity contribute significantly to the risk.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis study not only indicates that suicide attempt is a significant public health issue among in-school adolescents in China, but also confirms that adolescents with family problems commonly manifest suicide attempts, which highlights the importance of considering family environmental factors when assessing suicide risk.",
"corpus_id": 149658,
"title": "Family factors associated with suicide attempts among Chinese adolescent students: a national cross-sectional survey."
} | {
"abstract": "This paper addresses two major challenges in semantic segmentation for realworld data. First, with ever-increasing semantic labels, we need a more pragmatic approach other than existing fully-supervised methods. Second, semantic segmentation for very small or rarely-appeared objects are still very challenging for existing methods. In this paper, we propose to (1) fully utilize the predicted label information from an existing supervised model and to (2) infer newly generated labels via label transfer from a real-world dataset. We propose a “content-adaptive” and “label-aware” MRF framework to jointly exploiting both the supervised and label-transferrable knowledge. The proposed method needs no off-line training and can easily adapt to real-world data. Experimental results on SIFT Flow and LMSun datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and show promising performance over state-of-the-art methods under the real-world scenario.",
"corpus_id": 28610582,
"score": 0,
"title": "Semantic Segmentation for Real-World Data by Jointly Exploiting Supervised and Transferrable Knowledge"
} |
{
"abstract": "We present a 8/spl times/200 GHz wavelength selectable laser that has inherent wavelength and single-longitudinal-mode stability. The wavelength stabilization is accomplished by the long cavity and passive intracavity chirped waveguide grating router, and the single-mode stabilization is accomplished by gain nonlinearities, aided by minimization of cavity length and router passband width.",
"corpus_id": 5728690,
"title": "Wavelength selectable laser with inherent wavelength and single-mode stability"
} | {
"abstract": "We realized a multiwavelength laser using a hybrid integration technology. Simultaneous laser operation of four wavelength channels could be obtained. To avoid signal cross talk, a novel approach to clamp the gain of the common amplifier is demonstrated.",
"corpus_id": 15574982,
"title": "Elimination of crosstalk in the common output amplifier of a multi-wavelength source by gain clamping"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper concerns the optimal control of modular hybrid systems synchronized by shared variables. Instead of synchronizing the discrete dynamics of the system into one global mode before optimization, Constraint Programming (CP) is used to model the discrete dynamics of each modular system separately. Integrated in the CP solver are also classic Operations Research (OR) models in the form of Nonlinear Programs (NLPs) approximating the continuous dynamics of the system. Using CP considerably decreases the number of NLPs which must be solved, compared to that of using a traditional mixed integer nonlinear programming approach.",
"corpus_id": 28466205,
"score": 0,
"title": "An Integrated CP/OR Method for Optimal Control of Modular Hybrid Systems"
} |
{
"abstract": "Protonated water clusters that are hydrogen-bonded to a neutral benzene molecule are a reductionist model for protons at hydrophobic surfaces, which are of fundamental importance in biological energy transduction processes. Of particular interest is the protonated water dimer (\"Zundel ion\") on benzene, whose gas-phase messenger IR spectrum has been previously interpreted in terms of an asymmetric binding of the protonated water dimer to the benzene ring through a single water molecule. This \"standing Eigen\" isomer has a hydronium core. We have found an alternative \"crouching Zundel\" isomer, which attaches to the benzene ring symmetrically via both of its water molecules. When Ar-tagged, it has an IR spectrum in much better agreement with experiment than the standing Eigen isomer, particularly at the lower frequencies. These conclusions are based on static harmonic (and anharmonic) normal-mode analysis using density functional theory with various (dispersion corrected) functionals and particularly on dynamic anharmonic spectra obtained from the dipole autocorrelation functions from classical ab initio molecular dynamics with the BLYP, PBE, and B3LYP functionals. Possible implications to protons on water/organic-phase interfaces are discussed.",
"corpus_id": 2452199,
"title": "Protonated water dimer on benzene: standing Eigen or crouching Zundel?"
} | {
"abstract": "Internal water is known to play a catalytic role in several enzymes. In photosystem II (PSII), water is the substrate. To oxidize water, the PSII Mn4CaO5 cluster or oxygen evolving center (OEC) cycles through five oxidation states, termed Sn states. As reaction products, molecular oxygen is released, and protons are transferred through a ∼25 Å hydrogen-bonded network from the OEC to the thylakoid lumen. Previously, it was reported that a broad infrared band at 2880 cm(-1) is produced during the S1-to-S2 transition and accompanies flash-induced, S state cycling at pH 7.5. Here, we report that when the S2 state is trapped by continuous illumination under cryogenic conditions (190 K), an analogous 2740/2900 cm(-1) band is observed. The frequency depended on the sodium chloride concentration. This band is unambiguously assigned to a normal mode of water by D2(16)O and H2(18)O solvent exchange. Its large, apparent H2(18)O isotope shift, ammonia sensitivity, frequency, and intensity support assignment to a stretching vibration of a hydronium cation, H3O(+), in a small, protonated internal water cluster, nH2O(H3O(+)). Water OH stretching bands, which may be derived from the hydration shell of the hydronium ion, are also identified. Using the 2740 cm(-1) infrared marker, the results of calcium depletion and strontium reconstitution on the protonated water cluster are found to be pH dependent. This change is attributed to protonation of an amino acid side chain and a possible change in nH2O(H3O)(+) localization in the hydrogen-bonding network. These results are consistent with an internal water cluster functioning as a proton acceptor and an intermediate during the S1-to-S2 transition. Our experiments demonstrate the utility of this infrared signal as a novel functional probe in PSII.",
"corpus_id": 4792732,
"title": "Cryogenic Trapping and Isotope Editing Identify a Protonated Water Cluster as an Intermediate in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Reaction."
} | {
"abstract": "We explored 12-month-olds' flexibility in accepting phonotactically illegal or ill-formed word forms in a modified associative-learning task. Sixty-four English-learning infants were presented with a training phase that either clarified the purpose of a sound-object association task or left the task ambiguous. Infants were then habituated to sets of Czech words with onsets that are illegal in English (e.g., ptak), consonantal sounds (e.g., /l/), or novel functionlike words (e.g., iv). When infants were provided with a training phase that highlighted the purpose of the task, they associated the phonotactically illegal Czech words, but not the consonantal sounds or novel functionlike words, with objects. Thus, English-learning 12-month-old infants' flexibility in associating various sound forms with novel objects is limited to labels that share the structural shape of well-formed nounlike words.",
"corpus_id": 31030733,
"score": 0,
"title": "The flexibility of 12-month-olds' preferences for phonologically appropriate object labels."
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper, we consider a production system which is capable to produce two types of products. The first type of products is make-to-order, while the second type is make-to-stock whose demand is satisfied by the on-hand inventory. The demand arrival rates of both types of products are price-sensitive. The excess demand that cannot be satisfied immediately is either backlogged or lost. The system costs include the holding costs of product inventories and shortage costs of unsatisfied demand. The objective is to maximise the total discounted profit over an infinite planning horizon by coordinating the production process and pricing decisions. By analysing the properties of objective functions, we characterise the optimal control policy by two switch curves and the optimal price is also given for different ordering and inventory levels. We also explore the monotonicity of both switch curves which will reduce the computation effort. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the use of the switch curves in managing the production system and illustrate that compared with the static pricing policy, the optimal integrated price and inventory control policy can result in a significant profit improvement in the make-to-order/make-to-stock system that is much higher than in a single-product system.",
"corpus_id": 153363063,
"title": "Optimal production and pricing policies in a combined make-to-order/make-to-stock system"
} | {
"abstract": "We investigate the loss-averse retailer’s ordering policies for perishable product with customer returns. With the introduction of the segmental loss utility function, we depict the retailer’s loss aversion decision bias and establish the loss-averse retailer’s ordering policy model. We derive that the loss-averse retailer’s optimal order quantity with customer returns exists and is unique. By comparison, we obtain that both the risk-neutral and the loss-averse retailer’s optimal order quantities depend on the inventory holding cost and the marginal shortage cost. Through the sensitivity analysis, we also discuss the effect of loss-averse coefficient and the ratio of return on the loss-averse retailer’s optimal order quantity with customer returns.",
"corpus_id": 54023750,
"title": "Loss-Averse Retailer’s Optimal Ordering Policies for Perishable Products with Customer Returns"
} | {
"abstract": "This article investigates individual knowledge sharing behaviors (KSBs) in company-hosted virtual communities of practice (CVCs), where KSBs are guided mainly by the sense of virtual community (SVC) and the shared meanings that are formed via the recurring communicative patterns and emotional responses in the interpersonal communication processes. The symbolic convergence theory (SCT) addresses the significance of the shared meanings of a social group in facilitating the harmony among and the favorable behaviors of the members of the group. By adopting SCT, the authors examine the effects of SVC and shared-meaning-related factors on KSBs in CVCs. Data collected from 159 CVC participants were analyzed to examine the research model. The authors found that shared language and shared emotional connection significantly influence KSBs both directly and indirectly via SVC. The research findings highlight the importance of achieving shared meaning among individuals in CVCs to encourage interpersonal knowledge sharing via effective communication processes.",
"corpus_id": 116648131,
"score": 1,
"title": "A Symbolic Convergence Perspective for Examining Employee Knowledge Sharing Behaviors in Company-Hosted Virtual Communities"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper, we present a visual learning algorithm for estimating the configuration of a multisegment continuum robot designed for surgery. Our algorithm interpolates a stereo visual feature descriptor manifold using Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) to estimate configuration pose angles. Results are shown on a 3-segment snake robot, where rotational accuracy in the range of 1° -2° is achieved.",
"corpus_id": 1462485,
"title": "Learning-based configuration estimation of a multi-segment continuum robot"
} | {
"abstract": "Recent technological advancements in cardiovascular surgery such as transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TA-TAVI) enabled treatment to elderly that were initially declined surgery. However, valve malpositioning during TA-TAVI have been reported in several cases. In this preliminary study, we present a novel approach in which a Robotically-Actuated Delivery Sheath (RADS) is used to potentially facilitate valve positioning. A model is developed that describes the shape and articulating tip position of the RADS. We developed a two-dimensional ultrasound tracking method that evaluates the tip position of the RADS in ultrasound images. Both modeling and ultrasound tracking are combined into an integrated system that facilitates closed-loop control of the articulating tip of the RADS. Experiments are performed in order to evaluate the tracking accuracy of the RADS. Experiments show mean positioning errors of approximately 2 mm along the x- and y-axes. Our study demonstrates that the RADS can potentially provide compensation for beating heart and respiratory motions during valve positioning and deployment in TA-TAVI.",
"corpus_id": 12233030,
"title": "A preliminary study on using a Robotically-Actuated Delivery Sheath (RADS) for transapical aortic valve implantation"
} | {
"abstract": "This report introduces FreeBSD-MPTCP v0.4, a modification to the FreeBSD-11 kernel that enables support for the IETF’s emerging Multipath TCP (MPTCP) specification. We outline the motivation for (and potential benefits of) using MPTCP, and discuss key architectural elements of our design.",
"corpus_id": 9158883,
"score": 1,
"title": "Design Overview of Multipath TCP version 0.4 for FreeBSD-11"
} |
{
"abstract": "Distribution network planning is an important constituent of overall urban planning. It is advantageous to the improvement of decision-making level and benefit of investment through performing comprehensive assessment on planning schemes. Comprehensive evaluation of distribution network planning is a multiple attribute decision making problem. The typical methods to solve this problem include analytic hierarchy process (AHP), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and technology for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), etc. It is of significance to select appropriate methods according to specific distribution network planning. For the first time, this paper proposes that evaluation methods could be selected according to three attributes of the evaluation object, including preference information, scheme number and the comparison between scheme number and index number. In the distribution network planning assessment, indices are not equally important. So it is a problem how to determine the preference information. The object' s scheme number could be either single or multiple, and the scheme number is normally less than the index number. Based on these characteristics, the suitable methods for distribution network planning are analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and the delphi method (DM). The overall process of distribution network planning assessment using the selected methods is also proposed, including construction of index system, setting of index weight, setting of index score standard, analysis of the evaluation results and so on. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analysis on actual distribution network planning schemes for a certain region in 2015. The results, which can be used for similar evaluation work, will be of great value in real applications.",
"corpus_id": 506578,
"title": "Methods selection and overall process of distribution network planning comprehensive evaluation"
} | {
"abstract": "Distribution network planning is an important constituent of urban master planning and it is favorable for the improvement of decision-making level and returns on investment to perform synthetical assessment on planning schemes.In existing research results,the factors such as anti-disaster ability and regional characteristics are seldom brought into synthetical assessment on distribution network planning.For this reason,a method for synthetical assessment on distribution network planning in which anti-disaster ability and regional characteristics are taken into account is proposed.Firstly,based on existing research results,the disaster resisting factors are brought into the assessment indices and a assessment index system,in which the safety,reliability,economy,adaptability,coordination capacity and anti-disaster performance are included,is built;secondly,based on analytical hierarchy process(AHP) the influences of such factors as regional economic development,disaster distribution and geographic environment on index weights are further considered,and a synthetical assessment approach in which the regional characteristics are taken into account is given.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by analysis on actual distribution network planning schemes for a certain region in the 12th Five Year Plan.",
"corpus_id": 167231620,
"title": "Synthetical Assessment on Distribution Network Planning Scheme Considering Anti-Disaster Ability and Regional Characteristics"
} | {
"abstract": "Climate change poses fundamental questions for policy makers (Box 1). How, for example, can low emissions agriculture feed 9 billion people when threatened by water scarcity, weatherrelated disasters and expansion of land used for growing crops for fuel? How can the energy poverty of 1.3 billion people be reduced without increasing emissions? How can resilience to repeated food, fuel and financial crises, growing uncertainty and increasing resource scarcity be strengthened? As the impacts of climate change bite and future warming scenarios become even more serious, transformational change is inescapable for all countries. In different combinations, countries will need to: ● grow and reduce poverty while simultaneously emitting less or keeping emissions low ● find ways to adapt to higher temperatures and sea levels and more frequent extreme weather events ● adapt to changing international prices, for example as a result of higher transport costs ● seize opportunities as new markets open, for example for carbon sequestration or for new renewable energy technologies ● engage in international institutions, as new climate deals are forged and new finance delivery mechanisms are established. ‘Climate compatible development’ is development that minimises the harm caused by climate impacts, while maximising the many human development opportunities presented by a low emissions, more resilient, future. Climate change and responses to it are changing patterns of innovation, trade, production, population distribution and risk in complex ways. This is creating a new development landscape for policy makers, who need to nurture and sustain economic growth and social development in the face of multiple threats and uncertainties while also cutting emissions or keeping them low.",
"corpus_id": 54856704,
"score": 1,
"title": "Defining Climate Compatible Development"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract Nowadays contaminated soil has become a major and priority problem, and therefore, during the last four decades many countries have been introducing policies and practices for the management of contaminated soil. In Portugal the water and air pollution have always deserved a greater attention and therefore the regulatory system for contaminated soil remains largely undeveloped, leading to a lack of a framework in terms of policy, including incentives, administrative infrastructures and capacity, as well as the development and implementation of techniques for soil remediation. Since the 1970’s Portugal possesses a law for soil regulation, which is completely outdated and does not focus the main issues concerning soil contamination and preservation, and its environmental importance. The Decree Law No. 178/2006 constituted a first attempt to fill the lack on existing legislation concerning soil contamination, creating a general waste management regime (“RGR”), and setting up the legal framework required to give pursuit to decontamination actions and defining waste management taxation (“TGR”). Unfortunately, it seems that Portugal is still far away from having a “real” legislative regulation for soil protection. It was recently published Law No. 31/2014 that is mainly concerned with soil management, planning, and urbanism. The Legal Regime of Territorial Management Tools (“RJIGT”) approved by Decree-Law No. 80/2015, which undertook a profound reform in what concerns the land classification model, eliminating the operative category of urbanizable land, and being mainly concerned with soil management, planning, and urbanism. The Legal Regime for Urbanization and Edification (established by Decree-Law No. 555/99) was amended by Decree-Law No. 214-G/2015 developing the bases for the Legal System of Territorial Management Instruments (“RJUE”). This Decree-Law also introduces a substantial revision of the Code of Administrative Procedure (“CPA”) and introduces changes to various separate pieces of legislation that regulate or are connected with administrative procedures in order to bring them into line with the amendments to the CPA. It is crucial for any country the development of a harmonious, cohesive, integrated and sustainable territorial urban plan, but it should never be forgotten the soil environmental importance for sustainability and human welfare. The main aspects of soil quality are pointed out in this work, as well as possible parameters to measures this quality, and a general overview of the development process of environmental legislation is also presented. This work also makes a brief description of the evolution of the Portuguese environmental legislation in what concerns contaminated soil.",
"corpus_id": 158333721,
"title": "Strengths and weaknesses of European soil legislations: The case study of Portugal"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Phosphate fertilizers are critical for crop production in tropical soils, which are known for having high phosphate-fixing capacity and aluminum saturation, as well as low pH and calcium contents. Fluorine is a component of many phosphate rocks used to make phosphate fertilizers, via a process that generates hexafluorosilicic acid (H 2 SiF 6 ). While many treatment technologies have been proposed for removal of fluorine in industrial facilities, little attention has been given to a process of neutralizing H 2 SiF 6 with calcium oxide aiming to find out an alternative and sustainable use of a by-product with a great potential for beneficial use in tropical agriculture. This study evaluated the effect of a by-product of phosphoric acid production (fluorite with silicon oxide, hereafter called AgroSiCa) on soil properties as well as on growth of soybean and corn. Two experiments (2 crops) were conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized 3 × 5 × 2 × 3 factorial design as follows: three soils (Red Latosol, Red-Yellow Latosol, and Cambisol), five doses of AgroSiCa (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 t ha −1 ), two doses of phosphorus (2 × %clay and 4 × %clay), with three replicates, totaling 90 plots for each experiment. The application of AgroSiCa resulted in a slight increase of soil pH. Significant increases in calcium, phosphate, and silicon levels in soil solution and in shoots of maize and soybean were observed at all doses of AgroSiCa. We also found very low levels of fluoride in all soil leachates. Significant reduction of labile aluminum was found in all soils after the cultivation of maize and soybean. In sum, AgroSiCa improved soil properties and contributed to a better growth of both crops. Our results show that reacting H 2 SiF 6 derived from the wet-process phosphoric acid production with calcium oxide leads to a by-product with potential for agricultural use, especially when applied in highly-weathered soils. Besides providing calcium and silicon to plants, the use of such by-product in soils with high phosphate-fixing capacity and high aluminum saturation delivers additional benefits, since fluoride and silicon can play an important role in improving soil conditions due to the formation of less plant-toxic forms of aluminum, as well as upon decreasing phosphate fixation, thus improving root development and making fertilizer-derived phosphate more available for plant growth.",
"corpus_id": 155976185,
"title": "Beneficial use of a by-product from the phosphate fertilizer industry in tropical soils: effects on soil properties and maize and soybean growth"
} | {
"abstract": "In this master thesis, an e cient and exible model for pricing and hedging swing contracts, in an incomplete market, is presented. The model supports an hourly withdrawal strategy and includes all available future and forward contracts in the market. The model is a two stage stochastic optimization model, constructed to price and hedge simultaneously. It uses exogenous spot prices and swap contracts, and the scope is limited for one kind of swing contracts; exible load contracts. The model is a good foundation to develop into a multi stage stochastic model. The models exibility makes it possible to use a time resolution of blocks of hours, in order to value and hedge other swing contracts, and use di erent price models for the spot and swap prices. A block resolution of small number of hours is preferred, compared to an hourly resolution, due to a large decrease in computation time at the expense of a minimal loss of value. However, a daily or larger resolution of the withdrawal schedule and spot price will drastically reduce the value of the optimization. Because of the incompleteness in the electricity market, the market player's risk aversion will in uence the hedging and withdrawal strategy, and therefore also the value of the contract. We look at several volume risk functions and a CVaR pro t risk function, and we optimize a exible load contract by creating a static hedge. A utility function minimizing the pro t risk, results in a better reduction of downside risk in an optimization compared to a hedge created by a volume risk aversion model.",
"corpus_id": 12337818,
"score": 0,
"title": "Pricing and Hedging Electricity Swing Contracts"
} |
{
"abstract": "Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) and 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid are neuroactive amino acids. They are found in the central rat nervous system. Here, we have studied if a relationship exists between the presence of saxitoxin (STX) a paralytic poisoning shellfish (PSP) and the neuroactive amino acids. Samples of striatum (S), hypothalamus (H), mid brain (MB), frontal cortex (FC), brain stem (BS), right hemisphere (RH) and left hemisphere (LH) of rat brain were collected and analyzed for neuroactive amino acids (AAn(t)) by Aswad method (1984). Experiments, consisting of intraperitoneal injection of SXT (5 and 10microgkg(-1) body weight) to young male rats, evoked significant changes in AAn(t) above basal values. Aspartic and glutamic acid significantly increased for RH and LH (after 30min the increased was 116% and 210%, P< or =0.001 over basal values, respectively). On the other hand, aspartic, glutamic, taurine and GABA significantly decreased for S (after 30min the decreased was 77.4%; 84%; 93.8% and 95.3%, P< or =0.001 over basal values, respectively). These results suggest that STX alters AAn(t). It is produced at least in part, because STX blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and this blockade could decrease AAn(t) release by exocytotic dependent mechanism of depolarization.",
"corpus_id": 2436072,
"title": "Differential changes of neuroactive amino acids in samples obtained from discrete rat brain regions after systemic administration of saxitoxin"
} | {
"abstract": "The purpose of the present work was to assess the possible role of glutamatergic receptors and nitric oxide (NO) production on effects of glufosinate ammonium (GLA), an organophosphate pesticide structurally related to glutamate, on in vivo striatal dopamine release in awake and freely moving rats. For this, we used antagonists of NMDA (MK-801 and AP5) or AMPA/kainate (CNQX) receptors, or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (l-NAME and 7-NI), to study the effects of GLA on release of dopamine from rat striatum. So, intrastriatal infusion of 10mM GLA significantly increased dopamine levels (1035±140%, compared with basal levels) and administration of GLA to MK-801 (250μM) or AP5 (650μM) pretreated animals, produced increases in dopamine overflow that were ∼40% and ∼90% smaller than those observed in animals not pretreated with MK-801 or AP5. Administration of GLA to CNQX (500μM) pretreated animals produced an effect that was not significantly different from the one produced in animals not pretreated with CNQX. On the other hand, administration of GLA to l-NAME (100μM) or 7-NI (100μM) pretreated animals, produced increases in dopamine overflow that were ∼80% and ∼75% smaller than those observed in animals not pretreated with these inhibitors. In summary, GLA appears to act, at least in part, through an overstimulation of NMDA (and not AMPA/kainate) receptors with possible NO production to induce in vivo dopamine release. Administration of NMDA receptor antagonists and NOS inhibitors partially blocks the release of dopamine from rat striatum.",
"corpus_id": 1850304,
"title": "Role of glutamate receptors and nitric oxide on the effects of glufosinate ammonium, an organophosphate pesticide, on in vivo dopamine release in rat striatum."
} | {
"abstract": ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Homogeneous Ice Nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Immersion Nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.4 Contact Nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.5 Pressure Induced Chemical Potential Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.6 Wetting Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.7 Electrowetting And Electrofreezing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.8 Droplet Vibration On A Vertically-Oscillating Plane . . . . . . . . . 17 vii 2 Ice Nucleation At The Contact Line Triggered By Transient Electrowetting Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3 Experimental Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.5 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3 Non-thermal Ice Nucleation Observed At Distorted Contact Lines Of Supercooled Water Drops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.3 Experimental Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.4 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.5 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4 Minimalist Model of Ice Microphysics in Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.3 Model Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.4 Comparison Of Results With LES Cloud Model And ISDAC Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 viii 4.5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 4.6 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5 Microphysical Consequences Of The Spatial Distribution Of Ice Nucleation In Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 5.3 Analytical Model Of Ice Growth In A Mixed-Phase Stratiform Cloud 83 5.4 Lagrangian Ice Particle Tracking In LES Time Dependent Field . . 88 5.5 Influence Of The Spatial Distribution Of Ice Nucleation . . . . . . . 91 5.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.7 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6 Long-Lifetime Ice Particles In Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds: Quasi-Steady And Recycled Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6.1 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.3 Model Setup For Langrangian Ice Particle Tracking In 3D Time Dependent Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 6.4 Long Lifetime Ice Particles In A 3D Time Dependent Velocity Field 113 6.5 Long Lifetime Ice Particles In A 2D Idealized Velocity Field . . . . 123 6.6 Analytical Solutions For Trajectories Of Constant-Size Ice Particles In Simple Velocity Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 ix 6.6.1 Solid Body Rotation Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 6.6.2 Irrotational Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 6.7 Ice Water Content In A Coupled Versus Decoupled Boundary Layer 146 6.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 6.9 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 7 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7.2 Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 7.3 Additional Research Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171",
"corpus_id": 102993890,
"score": 0,
"title": "LABORATORY, COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ICE NUCLEATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR MIXED PHASE CLOUDS"
} |
{
"abstract": "Twenty patients with pseudarthrosis of the upper humerus underwent surgery with the intramedullary bone peg technique. A 6 to 10 cm corticocancellous autogenous bone graft (11 iliac crest, 6 anterior tibial crest, 3 middle-third of the fibula) was pegged] into the humerus and bridged the pseudarthrosis. Stability of the fracture site was obtained by plate osteosynthesis; an additional peripheral cancellous graft was performed. Our patient series included 15 women and five men with an average age at operation of 58 years; the dominant side was involved in 12 cases. Eleven had undergone 22 previous operations. The average delay between fracture and surgery was 12 months, (range 6 to 72 months). The patients were monitored an average of 42 months (range 12 to 120 months). Union was confirmed in 19 cases; the last case demonstrated no peripheral callus. No necrosis of the humeral head was seen. Active anterior elevation of the shoulder improved from an average of 60 degrees to an average of 131 degrees. According to Constant's scale adjusted according to age and sex, the results obtained averaged 81.2%. Subjectively, 65% of patients were very satisfied, 30% were satisfied, and 5% were disappointed. The rate of union (96%) is in contrast with the results reported in the literature, underlining the importance of an intramedullary bone graft in association with peripheral osteosynthesis in the treatment of pseudarthrosis of the surgical neck of the humerus.",
"corpus_id": 3108703,
"title": "Nonunions of the surgical neck of the humerus: surgical treatment with an intramedullary bone peg, internal fixation, and cancellous bone grafting."
} | {
"abstract": "Several methods have been devised to estimate shoulder function, none of which is entirely satisfactory. The method described in this article is applicable irrespective of the details of the diagnostic or radiologic abnormalities caused by disease or injury. The method records individual parameters and provides an overall clinical functional assessment. It is accurately reproducible by different observers and is sufficiently sensitive to reveal even small changes in function. The method is easy to perform and requires a minimal amount of time for evaluation of large population groups.",
"corpus_id": 36571191,
"title": "A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract A series of 100 cases of fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus is presented. These are divided into contact and non-contact types of fractures based on the presence or absence of contact between the broken fragments. This classification is simple, and it can be applied to all fractures of the surgical neck. The therapeutic and prognostic implications in the utilization of this classification, and illustrative cases, are discussed. In the contact type of fracture, therapy is directed entirely at symptomatic relief by the simplest possible means. Sling support followed by early and concerted effort to maintain function of the shoulder joint should be used. No manipulation is necessary to improve position. Of the patients followed up in this group, all had primary union of the fracture and 65 per cent had complete or almost compete restoration of the function of the shoulder. An additional 30 per cent had moderate functional restriction but a useful shoulder. Therapy is difficult in the non-contact type of fracture, and manipulative or operative treatment at the site of the fracture itself is usually necessary. Initial attempts should be made to obtain contact by manipulation, and if they are successful they should be accepted. When this does not suffice, open reduction and internal fixation should be used. Consideration should be given to accepting a non-union of the fracture in the elderly patient. In two such patients, a functioning and painless pseudoarthrosis was compatible with a moderately useful shoulder.",
"corpus_id": 32760268,
"score": 2,
"title": "A rational approach to classification and treatment of fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus."
} |
{
"abstract": "THE recent discovery1 of superconductivity below a transition temperature (Tc) of 94 K in HgBa2CuO4+δ has extended the repertoire of high-Tc superconductors containing copper oxide planes embedded in suitably structured (layered) materials. Previous experience with similar compounds containing bismuth and thallium instead of mercury suggested that even higher transition temperatures might be achieved in mercury-based compounds with more than one CuO2 layer per unit cell. Here we provide support for this conjecture, with the discovery of superconductivity above 130 K in a material containing HgBa2Ca2Cu3O1+x (with three CuO2 layers per unit cell), HgBa2CaCu2O6+x (with two CuO2 layers) and an ordered superstructure comprising a defined sequence of the unit cells of these phases. Both magnetic and resistivity measurements confirm a maximum transition temperature of ∼ 133 K, distinctly higher than the previous established record value of 125–127 K observed in Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 (refs 2,3).",
"corpus_id": 4328716,
"title": "Superconductivity above 130 K in the Hg–Ba–Ca–Cu–O system"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract It is shown that the superconducting state can be stabilized ( T c =9.5 K) by slow-cooling TlBa 2 CuO 5 in a nitrogen environment. Interestingly, partial substitution (50%) of Ba 2+ by Sr + 2 yields a zero-resistance state at 33 K in TlBaSrCuO 5 , even for air-quenched samples. T c could be further enhanced to 43 K ( R =0) by a slow cooling treatment in flowing nitrogen. Contraction of the lattice for TlBaSrCuO 5−δ in comparison with TlBa 2 CuO 5 , supports the substitution of Sr 2+ -ions at Ba-sites.",
"corpus_id": 97716024,
"title": "Stabilization of superconductivity in TlBa2CuO5−δ at 9.5 K and its enhancement to 43 K in TlBaSrCuO5−δ"
} | {
"abstract": "We study gauged five-dimensional supergravity on the interval [0,πR]. We find a set of boundary conditions with respect to which the theory is locally supersymmetric. For theories with detuned brane tensions (Λ4 < 0), we show that these boundary conditions can be used to spontaneously break global supersymmetry. For the original, tuned Randall-Sundrum scenario (Λ4 = 0), we prove that the locally supersymmetric boundary conditions are also globally supersymmetric. We lift the theory from [0,πR] to S1 and , with arbitrary twists for the fermions, and cast these results in the language of the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism.",
"corpus_id": 18648310,
"score": 1,
"title": "Twisting warped supergravity"
} |
{
"abstract": "Mainstream captioning models often follow a sequential structure to generate cap- tions, leading to issues such as introduction of irrelevant semantics, lack of diversity in the generated captions, and inadequate generalization performance. In this paper, we present an alternative paradigm for image captioning, which factorizes the captioning procedure into two stages: (1) extracting an explicit semantic representation from the given image; and (2) constructing the caption based on a recursive compositional procedure in a bottom-up manner. Compared to conventional ones, our paradigm better preserves the semantic content through an explicit factorization of semantics and syntax. By using the compositional generation procedure, caption construction follows a recursive structure, which naturally fits the properties of human language. Moreover, the proposed compositional procedure requires less data to train, generalizes better, and yields more diverse captions.",
"corpus_id": 53036732,
"title": "A Neural Compositional Paradigm for Image Captioning"
} | {
"abstract": "Image Captioning is a task that requires models to acquire a multi-modal understanding of the world and to express this understanding in natural language text. While the state-of-the-art for this task has rapidly improved in terms of n-gram metrics, these models tend to output the same generic captions for similar images. In this work, we address this limitation and train a model that generates more diverse and specific captions through an unsupervised training approach that incorporates a learning signal from an Image Retrieval model. We summarize previous results and improve the state-of-the-art on caption diversity and novelty. We make our source code publicly available online.",
"corpus_id": 52879805,
"title": "Generating Diverse and Meaningful Captions"
} | {
"abstract": "Word embeddings improve generalization over lexical features by placing each word in a lower-dimensional space, using distributional information obtained from unlabeled data. However, the effectiveness of word embeddings for downstream NLP tasks is limited by out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, for which embeddings do not exist. In this paper, we present MIMICK, an approach to generating OOV word embeddings compositionally, by learning a function from spellings to distributional embeddings. Unlike prior work, MIMICK does not require re-training on the original word embedding corpus; instead, learning is performed at the type level. Intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations demonstrate the power of this simple approach. On 23 languages, MIMICK improves performance over a word-based baseline for tagging part-of-speech and morphosyntactic attributes. It is competitive with (and complementary to) a supervised character-based model in low-resource settings.",
"corpus_id": 10361075,
"score": -1,
"title": "Mimicking Word Embeddings using Subword RNNs"
} |
{
"abstract": "A series of ZnII complexes with cysteinylglycine (CysGly) and histidylserine (HisSer), and of CysGly and histidylphenylalanine (HisPhe) were investigated. Complex stabilities were determined potentiometrically, and binding geometries were probed by means of 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, using CoII instead of ZnII as a spectroscopic marker. The ternary 1 : 1 : 1 complexes [ZnII(CysGly)(HisSer)] and [ZnII(CysGly)(HisPhe)] were shown by UV experiments, fluorescence titration, and gel electrophoresis to intercalate with DNA, and to hydrolytically cleave supercoiled DNA (form‐I), partly also circular (form‐II) DNA, under physiological conditions (37°, H2O, pH 7.5).",
"corpus_id": 1182711,
"title": "Ternary Zinc(II)–Dipeptide Complexes for the Hydrolytic Cleavage of DNA at Physiological pH"
} | {
"abstract": "The mixed‐ligand complexes [CuII(HisLeu)(phen)]+ (1) and [CuII(HisSer)(phen)]+ (2; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized. The intercalative interaction of the CuII complexes with calf‐thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) was probed by UV/VIS and fluorescence titration, as well as by thermal‐denaturation experiments, and the intrinsic binding constants (Kb) for the complexes with 1 and 2 were 4.2×103 and 4.9×103 M−1, resp. Both complexes were found to be efficient catalysts for the hydrolytic cleavage of plasmid pUC19 DNA, as tested by gel electrophoresis, converting the DNA from the supercoiled to the nicked‐circular form at rate constants of 1.32 and 1.40 h−1 for 1 and 2, resp.",
"corpus_id": 20311476,
"title": "Mixed‐Ligand Copper(II)–Phenanthroline–Dipeptide Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA‐Cleavage Properties"
} | {
"abstract": "The electronic spectra of CO chemisorbed on transition metals and copper as obtained with photoelectron spectroscopies, surface Penning spectroscopy, inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy are discussed in regard to inherent features pointing to the existence of a CO 2${\\ensuremath{\\pi}}^{\\mathrm{*}}$\\char21{}derived resonance in these adsorption systems. Since the various spectroscopies probe the CO-metal systems predominantly in the excited final state, the spectra of one and the same line, however, are also affected by differences in the dynamic relaxation processes and nonequilibrium final-state charge configurations which are specific to each particular experimental method. In order to arrive at a unified interpretation of some seemingly controversial features in the electronic spectra of chemisorbed CO, we have invoked the notion of the CO 2${\\ensuremath{\\pi}}^{\\mathrm{*}}$\\char21{}derived resonance. Our model includes both initial-state chemical (i.e., backdonation-induced bonding) effects and final-state dynamical screening (relaxation) effects. Assuming a very small fractional occupation of the CO 2${\\ensuremath{\\pi}}^{\\mathrm{*}}$ resonance in the case of weak chemisorption systems (e.g., CO/Cu), and notably larger occupation in the case of strong chemisorption (e.g., CO/Ni), it is possible to give a unified interpretation of the experimental features such as the threshold energies, level shifts, line shapes, etc., observed with CO adsorbed on transition metals and copper. The great success of the concept of a resonance in interpreting these experimental spectral features as obtained with the various spectro- scopies, provides, in turn, strong support for the actual existence of a CO 2${\\ensuremath{\\pi}}^{\\mathrm{*}}$\\char21{} derived resonance in these adsorption systems.",
"corpus_id": 37536842,
"score": 1,
"title": "2 pi resonance features in the electronic spectra of chemisorbed CO."
} |
{
"abstract": "We describe the development of a sensitive analytical method for the analysis of 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCC) in meconium using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platform. The method was validated according to protocols, which included assessment of accuracy, precision, robustness, stability in meconium and in-process stability, interference and sensitivity and specificity. The method consists of a solid phase extraction with alkaline hydrolysis and derivatization of the analytes with N, O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacteamide, followed by GC/MS analysis using selected ion monitoring. The method uses deuterated internal standards for both analytes. Calibration curves had r(2) values >0.998, and extraction efficiency was determined to be 84.7% for THCC and 78.6% for 11-OH-THC. The detection limit for both analytes was 5 ng/g. This confirmatory method was successfully applied to 183 meconium samples that had screened positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 67.2% were confirmed for THCC, and 2.2% were confirmed positive for 11-OH-THC. The mean (SD) and median (range) THCC (n = 123) concentrations detected were 55.0 ng/g (±59.0) and 33.75 ng/g (5-265 ng/g), while the mean and median (range) for 11-OH-THC (n = 4) concentrations were 8.25 ng/g (±4.71) and 6.5 ng/g (5-15 ng/g).",
"corpus_id": 1177622,
"title": "Simplified analysis of 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human meconium: method development and validation."
} | {
"abstract": "Maternal substance abuse is an ongoing concern and detecting drug use during pregnancy is an important component of neonatal care when drug abuse is suspected. Meconium is the preferred specimen for drug testing because it is easier to collect than neonatal urine and it provides a much broader time frame of drug exposure. We describe a method for quantifying 11-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in meconium. After adding a labeled internal standard (THC-COOH D9) and acetonitrile, samples are sonicated to release both free and conjugated THC-COOH. The acetonitrile/aqueous layer is removed and mixed with a strong base to hydrolyze the conjugated THC-COOH. The samples are then extracted with an organic solvent mixture as part of a sample \"cleanup.\" The organic solvent layer is discarded and the remaining aqueous sample is acidified. Following extraction with a second organic mixture, the organic layer is removed and concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue is converted to a trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode.",
"corpus_id": 21543540,
"title": "Quantification of 11-Carboxy-Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in Meconium Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)."
} | {
"abstract": "The Infant Development Environment and Lifestyle study is investigating the effects of prenatal methamphetamine (MAMP) exposure on infant and child development; potential concurrent exposure to cannabis and tobacco also are evaluated. Maternal self-reported drug use and/or meconium toxicology results defined drug exposure status. It is unclear how the frequency, duration, and magnitude of maternal MAMP exposure affect qualitative and quantitative meconium results. Interviews regarding maternal drug use were collected shortly after birth; meconium specimens were screened for amphetamines, cannabis, and cotinine by immunoassay and confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The majority of MAMP- and cannabis-exposed infants were identified by maternal interview alone. Meconium tests were more likely to be positive if the mother reported MAMP and cannabis use, particularly in the third trimester. Less than half of immunoassay-positive amphetamines (31.0%) and cannabis (17.9%) meconium results were confirmed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Tobacco exposure was equally detected by immunoassay cotinine screening and maternal report. Meconium concentrations did not correlate with maternal self-report status or trimester of use or frequency or route of MAMP use. Maternal self-report was more sensitive than meconium testing for identifying MAMP and cannabis-exposed neonates; however, the timing of drug exposure may influence meconium toxicology results. Most women stopped MAMP and cannabis use before the third trimester. In the first trimester, meconium has not yet formed, and based on our recent results for opiates and cocaine, drug use in the second trimester appears to be poorly reflected in meconium. Low confirmation rates in meconium reinforce the need for confirmatory testing following positive screening results and additional research to identify alternative biomarkers.",
"corpus_id": 13779047,
"score": 2,
"title": "Identification of Prenatal Amphetamines Exposure by Maternal Interview and Meconium Toxicology in the Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle (IDEAL) Study"
} |
{
"abstract": "The heart pulsation sends out the blood throughout the body. The rate in which the heart performs this vital task, heartbeat rate, is of curial importance to the body. Therefore, measuring heartbeat rate, a.k.a. pulse detection, is very important in many applications, especially the medical ones. To measure it, physicians traditionally, either sense the pulsations of some blood vessels or install some sensors on the body. In either case, there is a need for a physical contact between the sensor and the body to obtain the heartbeat rate. This might not be always feasible, for example, for applications like remote patient monitoring. In such cases, contactless sensors, mostly based on computer vision techniques, are emerging as interesting alternatives. This paper proposes such a system, in which the heartbeats (pulses) are detected by subtle motions that appear on the face due to blood circulation. The proposed system has been tested in different facial expressions. The experimental results show that the proposed system is correct and robust and outperforms state-of-the-art.",
"corpus_id": 1905761,
"title": "Improved pulse detection from head motions using DCT"
} | {
"abstract": "Vital signs such as pulse rate and breathing rate are currently measured using contact probes. But, non-contact methods for measuring vital signs are desirable both in hospital settings (e.g. in NICU) and for ubiquitous in-situ health tracking (e.g. on mobile phone and computers with webcams). Recently, camera-based non-contact vital sign monitoring have been shown to be feasible. However, camera-based vital sign monitoring is challenging for people with darker skin tone, under low lighting conditions, and/or during movement of an individual in front of the camera. In this paper, we propose distancePPG, a new camera-based vital sign estimation algorithm which addresses these challenges. DistancePPG proposes a new method of combining skin-color change signals from different tracked regions of the face using a weighted average, where the weights depend on the blood perfusion and incident light intensity in the region, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of camera-based estimate. One of our key contributions is a new automatic method for determining the weights based only on the video recording of the subject. The gains in SNR of camera-based PPG estimated using distancePPG translate into reduction of the error in vital sign estimation, and thus expand the scope of camera-based vital sign monitoring to potentially challenging scenarios. Further, a dataset will be released, comprising of synchronized video recordings of face and pulse oximeter based ground truth recordings from the earlobe for people with different skin tones, under different lighting conditions and for various motion scenarios.",
"corpus_id": 6634786,
"title": "DistancePPG: Robust non-contact vital signs monitoring using a camera"
} | {
"abstract": "Multitemporal differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar analysis is of fundamental importance in the monitoring of Earth surface displacements. In this context, a key role for the reconstruction of the deformation maps and time series is played by the phase unwrapping (PhU) that reconstructs the unrestricted phase signals starting from the measured wrapped versions, i.e., the interferograms. PhU is typically carried out independently for each interferogram in the 2-D azimuth-range domain via the efficient minimum cost flow (MCF) optimization technique. Recently, it has been proposed a two-step (TS) strategy that exploits both the temporal and the spatial structures of the available interferograms. The MCF algorithm is applied in this case also in the temporal/spatial baseline domain, and this step is combined with the classical 2-D space unwrapping. However, the restriction on the use of the MCF algorithm in the baseline domain poses limitations on the interferogram generation scheme. We present a formulation which makes use of the overdetermined nature of the operator that relates the phase differences to the absolute phase values: the problem is addressed in a more general framework that can cope with the 3-D (2-D space and time) nature of the data. This formulation is derived with reference to the sequential (TS) approach to overcome its restrictions on the interferogram generation. The new algorithm is validated on both simulated and real data. Moreover, the use of this new formulation for a full 3-D unwrapping is also addressed.",
"corpus_id": 11440727,
"score": -1,
"title": "A Null-Space Method for the Phase Unwrapping of Multitemporal SAR Interferometric Stacks"
} |
{
"abstract": "Fractional-order neural networks play a vital role in modeling the information processing of neuronal interactions. It is still an open and necessary topic for fractional-order neural networks to investigate their global stability. This paper proposes some simplified linear matrix inequality (LMI) stability conditions for fractional-order linear and nonlinear systems. Then, the global stability analysis of fractional-order neural networks employs the results from the obtained LMI conditions. In the LMI form, the obtained results include the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium point and its global stability, which simplify and extend some previous work on the stability analysis of the fractional-order neural networks. Moreover, a generalized projective synchronization method between such neural systems is given, along with its corresponding LMI condition. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the established LMI conditions.",
"corpus_id": 2939637,
"title": "LMI Conditions for Global Stability of Fractional-Order Neural Networks"
} | {
"abstract": "This paper is devoted to the consensus problem of fractional order multi-agent networks. A LMI condition for H<inf>∞</inf> control of the fractional order uncertain systems is obtained. Based on this LMI condition, the H<inf>∞</inf> consensus condition for fractional order multi-agent network is deduced by using graph theory and robust H<inf>∞</inf> control theory. Finally, by simulations, the effectiveness of the LMI condition and the H<inf>∞</inf> consensus algorithm are verified.",
"corpus_id": 38023868,
"title": "LMI conditions for H∞ consensus of fractional-order multi-agent networks"
} | {
"abstract": "We generalize the technique by Peyrl and Parillo [Proc. SNC 2007] to computing lower bound certificates for several well-known factorization problems in hybrid symbolic-numeric computation. The idea is to transform a numerical sum-of-squares (SOS) representation of a positive polynomial into an exact rational identity. Our algorithms successfully certify accurate rational lower bounds near the irrational global optima for benchmark approximate polynomial greatest common divisors and multivariate polynomial irreducibility radii from the literature, and factor coefficient bounds in the setting of a model problem by Rump (up to n = 14, factor degree = 13.\n The numeric SOSes produced by the current fixed precision semi-definite programming (SDP) packages (SeDuMi, SOSTOOLS, YALMIP) are usually too coarse to allow successful projection to exact SOSes via Maple 11's exact linear algebra. Therefore, before projection we refine the SOSes by rank-preserving Newton iteration. For smaller problems the starting SOSes for Newton can be guessed without SDP (\"SDP-free SOS\"), but for larger inputs we additionally appeal to sparsity techniques in our SDP formulation.",
"corpus_id": 14862024,
"score": 1,
"title": "Exact certification of global optimality of approximate factorizations via rationalizing sums-of-squares with floating point scalars"
} |
{
"abstract": "The purpose of this research was to formulate and systemically evaluate in-vitro and in-vivo performances of mucoadhesive propranolol hydrochloride microspheres for its potential use in the treatment of hypertension, myocardial infraction and cardiac arrhythmias. Propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive microspheres, containing carbopol-934P as mucoadhesive polymer and ethyl cellulose as carrier polymer, were prepared by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. Results of preliminary trials indicated that the quantity of emulsifying agent, time for stirring, drug-to-polymers ratio, and speed of rotation affected various characteristics of microspheres. Microspheres were discrete, spherical, free-flowing and showed a good percentage of drug entrapment efficiency. An in-vitro mucoadhesive test showed that propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive microspheres adhered more strongly to the gastric mucous layer and could be retained in the gastrointestinal tract for an extended period of time. A 32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, drug-to-polymer-to-polymer ratio (propranolol hydrochloride-ethyl cellulose-carbopol-934P) (X1), and stirring speed (X2) on dependent variables, i.e. percentage of mucoadhesion, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size and t80. The best batch exhibited a high drug entrapment efficiency of 54 %; 82% mucoadhesion after 1 h and particle size of 110 μm. A sustained pattern of drug release was obtained for more than 12 h. The drug-to-polymer-to-polymer ratio had a more significant effect on the dependent variables. The morphological characteristics of the mucoadhesive microspheres were studied under a scanning electron microscope. In-vivo evaluation studies on propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive microspheres and propranolol hydrochloride powder were performed on normal healthy rabbits. The results showed a sustained anti-hypertensive effect over a longer period of time in case of mucoadhesive microspheres, compared to the powder. In conclusion, the prolonged gastrointestinal residence time and slow release of propranolol hydrochloride resulting from the mucoadhesive microspheres, could contribute to the provision of a sustained anti-hypertensive effect.",
"corpus_id": 2266127,
"title": "Formulation and Evaluation of Propranolol Hydrochloride-Loaded Carbopol-934P/Ethyl Cellulose Mucoadhesive Microspheres"
} | {
"abstract": "Extended release liphophilic microspheres of indomethacin were prepared using cetostearyl alcohol (CsA), stearyl alcohol (SA) and cetyl alcohol (CA) in the various drug-lipid ratios. The release of indometacin was studied on the basis of USP criteria and the effects of drug-lipid ratio, the size of microspheres and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) added as a hydrophilic polymer on the drug release were investigated. In vitro dissolution studies were performed using USP XXIII apparatus I at pH 6.2. Release profiles were evaluated according to first order, Higuchi square root of time and Hixson-Crowell cube root models. The best fit was found with the square root of time model (r2=0.991) for the microspheres (125-250 microm) prepared in 1:4:1 drug-lipid-copolymer ratio using stearyl alcohol. With a further regression analysis, an excellent equation (Release%=-10.721+42.549*square root of (t)-4.027*t) was developed for empirical drug estimation (r2=0.998).",
"corpus_id": 20410975,
"title": "Extended release lipophilic indomethacin microspheres: formulation factors and mathematical equations fitted drug release rates."
} | {
"abstract": "Objective:Fourteen-day therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin has been shown to have a high Helicobacter pylori eradication rate (> 90%) in U.S. trials. The aim of this study was to determine the H. pylori eradication rate of a ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple regimen of shorter duration (10 days), which has been shown to be effective in Europe.Methods:Dyspeptic patients who had a positive baseline 13C-urea breath test and either a positive antral rapid urease test or positive IgG serology were studied. Treatment consisted of ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, and amoxicillin 1 g, all given b.i.d. for 10 days. Eradication was determined >4 wk after completion of therapy by the 13C-urea breath test (enrichment <2.4%). Results are expressed for intent-to-treat (all patients randomized even if they did not take the drug) and per-protocol (major protocol violators excluded) analyses.Results:Seventy-seven patients with a mean age of 48 ± 1.8 yr were studied. Forty-eight patients had eradication of H. pylori with this regimen (62%), 16 patients (21%) did not have eradication, and 13 patients (17%) did not return for breath testing. By intent-to-treat analysis the eradication rate was 62% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 51%, 73%) and by per-protocol analysis the eradication rate was 75% (95% CI, 63%, 85%).Conclusions:Ten-day, twice-daily therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin has an eradication rate that ranges from 62–75%. Fourteen-day therapy may be preferable because of higher eradication rates.",
"corpus_id": 19922409,
"score": 2,
"title": "Ten-day triple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in eradicating Helicobacter pylori"
} |
{
"abstract": "The design of intelligent sensor systems requires sophisticated methods from conventional signal processing and computational intelligence. Currently, a significant part of the overall system architecture still has to be manually elaborated in a tedious and time consuming process by an experienced designer. Clearly, an automatic method for auto-configuration of sensor systems would be salient. In this paper, we contribute to the optimization of the feature computation step in the overall system design, investigating multi-level thresholding (MLT) and Gaussian windowing. Our goals are to compare these two feature computation methods and two evolutionary optimization techniques, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). To compare with previous research work gas sensor benchmark data is used. In the comparison of GA and PSO the latter method provided superior results of 100% recognition in generalization for thresholding, which proved to be more powerful method.",
"corpus_id": 694501,
"title": "Comparison of PSO-Based Optimized Feature Computation for Automated Configuration of Multi-sensor Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "The emergence of novel sensing elements, computing nodes, wireless communication and integration technology provides unprecedented possibilities for the design and application of intelligent systems. Each new application system must be designed from scratch, employing sophisticated methods ranging from conventional signal processing to computational intelligence. Currently, a significant part of this overall algorithmic chain of the computational system model still has to be assembled manually by experienced designers in a time and labor consuming process. In this research work, this challenge is picked up and a methodology and algorithms for automated design of intelligent integrated and resource-aware multi-sensor systems employing multi-objective evolutionary computation are introduced. The proposed methodology tackles the challenge of rapid-prototyping of such systems under realization constraints and, additionally, includes features of system instance specific self-correction for sustained operation of a large volume and in a dynamically changing environment. The extension of these concepts to the reconfigurable hardware platform renders so called self-x sensor systems, which stands, e.g., for self-monitoring, -calibrating, -trimming, and -repairing/-healing systems. Selected experimental results prove the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed methodology and emerging tool. By our approach, competitive results were achieved with regard to classification accuracy, flexibility, and design speed under additional design constraints.",
"corpus_id": 14762638,
"title": "Methodology, Algorithms, and Emerging Tool for Automated Design of Intelligent Integrated Multi-Sensor Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Despite frequent references to cockcrow in medieval literature, the uses and limits of cockcrow as a means of reckoning time in this period have not been thoroughly explored. Through an approach that combines chronobiology, the archaeology of faunal remains, and a discussion of medieval texts, this article argues that cockcrow was a useful and widespread context-dependent indicator of time. Its limits were that it was only relevant before dawn, but in a society that organized itself around seasonally variable canonical hours, the variation of cockcrow with the relative lengths of daylight and night was useful. The article concludes with a discussion of how the biases toward homogeneity and context-independence in modern time-reckoning are an obstacle for understanding pre-clock context-dependent time-telling techniques, and that moreover, modern time-telling opts for humanly constructed arbitrary signs over locally embedded indicators of time tied to biological or environmental cycles.",
"corpus_id": 143811053,
"score": 0,
"title": "The Regular Sound of the Cock: Context-Dependent Time Reckoning in the Middle Ages 1"
} |
{
"abstract": "ABSTRACT The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PHO5 is an excellent system with which to study regulated changes in chromatin structure. The PHO5 promoter is packaged into four positioned nucleosomes under repressing conditions; upon induction, the structure of these nucleosomes is altered such that the promoter DNA becomes accessible to nucleases. We report here the development and characterization of an in vitro system in which partially purified PHO5 minichromosomes undergo promoter chromatin remodeling. Several hallmarks of thePHO5 chromatin transition in vivo were reproduced in this system. Chromatin remodeling of PHO5minichromosomes required the transcription factors Pho4 and Pho2, was localized to the promoter region of PHO5, and was independent of the chromatin-remodeling complex Swi-Snf. In vitro chromatin remodeling also required the addition of fractionated nuclear extract and hydrolyzable ATP. This in vitro system should serve as a useful tool for identifying the components required for this reaction and for elucidating the mechanism by which the PHO5promoter chromatin structure is changed.",
"corpus_id": 3028523,
"title": "An In Vitro System Recapitulates Chromatin Remodeling at the PHO5 Promoter"
} | {
"abstract": "Swi/Snf protein was purified previously from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an 11-polypeptide complex, including five novel Swp polypeptides. Here we present evidence concerning the role of Swp73p in the function of the complex. Deletion mutants in the SWP73 gene display phenotypes similar to those of swi and snf mutants, and in addition are temperature-sensitive. Swp73p is required for transcriptional activation by full-length glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but not by all GR derivatives. Swp73p is also required for activation with an enhancer element that binds the transcription factors Swi5p and Pho2p, which may underlie the defects in HO expression observed with swi and snf mutants. A single amino acid change in the protein confers phenotypes that are similar to those observed in the swp73 delta strain, but in some cases the two strains behave differently. The extent to which Swp73p is required for assisting transcriptional activation depends on the activator and promoter tested. Homologs of SWP73 are present in S. cerevisiae, Ashbya gossypii, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mice, indicating that SWP73 may belong to a family of related genes encoding proteins with analogous functions.",
"corpus_id": 8769518,
"title": "Essential role of Swp73p in the function of yeast Swi/Snf complex."
} | {
"abstract": "Strategic planning is defined as the process of determining a company's or an institution's long-term objectives, then identifying the best approach to achieve those objectives. It is a continual improvement process that effectively monitors performance against goals, analyzes achievements and shortfalls, and adjusts activity to accomplish the desired results. Corporate America has used strategic planning models since the 1950s, modifying and adapting them over time to meet new challenges. Yet only in the last decade has it become a cornerstone for decision-making at educational institutions. More people than ever are enrolling in colleges and universities. However, with greater decreases in federal funding, as well as increasing demands for student services and aid, faculty services, technology, and learning options, the pressures to manage all of these factors fall on the institutions' leadership. Higher education institutions need strong strategic planning to keep them optimally performing in today's competitive environment. The same challenges affecting institutions overall also hold true for information technology departments; thus, raising the demand and need for strategic planning in higher education, especially for IT. Finding Support Higher education leaders are increasingly looking to IT departments to solve problems and be the strong force behind changes. In the EDUCAUSE annual research on current IT issues within higher education, strategic planning for IT ranked fourth. One of the reasons stated for this shift is that \"information technology is vital to the effective operation of the institution\" (Spicer et al. 2004). Therefore, it is critical for an institution's strategic plan to be supported and made successful by a strong IT strategic plan. Vermont State Colleges (VSC) recognized the need for a strategic plan to align the five institutions that make up its system: Castleton State College, Community College of Vermont, Johnson State College, Lyndon State College and Vermont Technical College. Within the overall strategic plan for the system, VSC also needed a strong and adaptive IT strategy that would keep its schools competitive, as well as allow them to provide services to their constituents within their resources. After an IT evaluation was done by the IT Task Force representing the five schools and the chancellor's office, recommendations were made for areas of improvement. With strong executive support and overall institutionwide support, VSC's need for an IT strategic plan was evident. One major challenge to VSC was that each institution had a separate IT department. There was no integration of data, and the college system's office was unable to receive the reports it needed to make critical decisions. Each institution also had an outdated administrative system, so the need for total integration became overwhelming. VSC knew it had to standardize the IT personnel at each institution by categorizing their titles and responsibilities, so it chose a new enterprise resource planning solution--one that would meet the needs of its five institutions and 12 locations. It then restructured the way services were provided and set up a central virtual help desk. VSC had many positive outcomes from its strategic planning process. It changed the way that IT projects were prioritized, making sure resources were best utilized. …",
"corpus_id": 221233831,
"score": 0,
"title": "The Need for Strategic Planning in Academia"
} |
{
"abstract": "Residential and commercial piping systems often experience complex failures from freeze events. In this paper the freezing failures are studied by replicating pipe freezing conditions in a laboratory setting. Testing was performed on 1⁄2 inch (12.5mm) PVC and CPVC pipes. Pressure and temperature during the freeze event were monitored and the fracture modes of failed pipes were examined. Freeze events result in excessively high pressures. It has been shown that during a freeze event, the properties of plastic pipes are advantageous over other more rigid piping systems. In this study, it was observed that PVC and CPVC pipes were able to sustain over thirty times the typical household water pressure before bursting occurred.",
"corpus_id": 7571359,
"title": "A Study of the Freezing Phenomena in PVC and CPVC Pipe Systems"
} | {
"abstract": "Forensic engineers investigating water loss incidents, caused by water leaking from damaged copper tube piping systems inside buildings, are tasked with determining if that damage is from the piping being exposed to subfreezing temperatures or some other cause. This paper provides guidance for such investigations and factual basis for such opinions, including presenting the results of experimental testing of water-filled copper tube piping systems exposed to subfreezing conditions. It also discusses piping standards and building codes. When ice forms a solid plug inside a pipe, the portion of the piping downstream of that plug becomes isolated. As the ice plug grows, the pressure in the isolated portion of the piping system increases dramatically from hydraulic pressure until the strength of the “weak link” is exceeded, which causes a rupture that relieves the pressure. Oftentimes, no significant water flows through the rupture at that time because the ice plug prevents water flow through the pipe. However, significant water flow occurs once the plug melts. This paper demonstrates why it is critically important for forensic engineers to understand this sequence of events.",
"corpus_id": 250962588,
"title": "Forensic Engineering Research and Testing of Building Copper Tube Water Piping System Freeze Failures"
} | {
"abstract": "In this paper we propose an alternative method for investigating the sources behind the behavior of real wages and unemployment. The statistical model we study is a certain structural error correction model, a so called common trends model, which has become popular in the empirical growth/business cycle literature. The system consists of real output, employment, unemployment and the product real wage and two exogenous stochastic variables, a tax wedge and a currency basket index. Based on quarterly Swedish data (1965-90) we find evidence supporting a short run but not a medium or long run relation.",
"corpus_id": 155062756,
"score": 0,
"title": "Are Real Wages and Unemployment Related"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper, RF behavior studies of a 2MW triangular corrugated coaxial cavity gyrotron is presented for the operating frequency of 283 GHz to explore the possibility of multi-frequency operation in an already proposed dual regime gyrotron (220/251.5 GHz). The cavity mode for the 283 GHz operation is chosen as TE62,38. Cold cavity analysis, mode competition studies and self consistent single mode calculations are carried out for this operating frequency. Time dependent multi-mode calculations are performed to verify power growth in the desired mode and the possibility of power in the competing modes. Startup analyses are carried out using the electron beam parameters obtained from the electron gun design studies for both partial and complete space charge neutralization cases. These studies confirm that 2MW, continuous wave (CW) operation can be obtained at all the three operating frequencies (220/251.5/283 GHz) in the proposed coaxial cavity gyrotron.",
"corpus_id": 4879451,
"title": "RF behavior of a 220/251.5 GHz, 2MW, triangular corrugated coaxial cavity gyrotron extended to the third operating frequency 283 GHz"
} | {
"abstract": "Gyromonotrons, or briefly gyrotrons, are at the moment the most powerful millimeter wave oscillators. However, an absolute limit of the output power of conventional hollow waveguide gyrotrons of for example 1 2 MW CW at 140 GHz is given by walllosses, voltage depression and mode competition. The present work describes the complete interaction theory of coaxial gyrotron cavities, including corrugations on the outer cavity wall and on the rod, which are used to suppress possible competing modes, as well as misalignment of the rod. Computer codes for fast simulations of the interaction are described. These interaction calculations make use of several approximations for speed up. Investigations of the behavior of coaxial cavities with longitudinal corrugations lead to design criteria that enable output powers two to four times higher than with hollow waveguide cavities. In the last chapter the cavity design for the 1.5 MW / 140 GHz experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) is discussed, and a comparison to experimental results is presented. The achieved experimental values of nearly 1.2 MW with an efficiency of 27 % represent an important step towards the realization of plasma heating with millimeter waves. This is the first experiment at 140 GHz where more than 1 MW of rf-power is reached with cw-relevant parameters for the electron gun and the cavity.",
"corpus_id": 125522100,
"title": "Numerische Simulation der Gyrotron- Wechselwirkung in koaxialen Resonatoren"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract We argue that moduli in the adjoint representation of the standard-model gauge group are a natural feature of superstring models, and that they can account for the apparent discrepancy between the string and unification scales.",
"corpus_id": 15432956,
"score": 1,
"title": "Natural gauge-coupling unification at the string scale"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract 1. 1. The stimulation of mitochondrial particulate ATPase by natural phosphatidylcholines was studied in a phospholipid-free preparation from bovine heart obtained by extraction with cholate. The low stimulatory activity of these phospholipids was increased by: (a) introduction of negatively charged amphiphatic substances into the zwitterionic liposomes; (b) addition of Cl − to the incubation medium. 2. 2. Liposomes of acidic phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine containing anionic amphipaths prevented the ATP plus Mg 2+ -induced decrease of ATPase activity in Mg-ATP particles which have a high content of ATPase inhibitor. 3. 3. Acidic phospholipids, in contrast to phosphatidylcholine, prevented the inhibition of soluble and particulate ATPase by purified ATPase inhibitor. 4. 4. It is concluded that the structure of the lipid-water interface is of primary importance in the stimulation produced by liposomes of diacylphospholipids on particulate mitochondrial ATPase. This effect is associated with the removal of inhibition induced by endogenous ATPase inhibitor on phospholipid-depleted preparations.",
"corpus_id": 2755852,
"title": "The activation of mitochondrial particulate ATPase by liposomes of diacylphospholipids."
} | {
"abstract": "1. The role of length and unsaturation of phospholipid acyl chains in the activation of ATPase complex was studied with synthetic phosphatidylcholines and a phospholipid-dependent preparation obtained after cholate-extraction of submitochondrial particles (Kagawa, Y. and Racker, E. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 2467--2474). 2. Micelle-forming, short-chain phosphatidylcholines produced activation only at critical micellar concentration. The reactivated complex was cold-stable but the oligomycin sensitivity was low. 3. Bilayer-forming saturated phosphatidylcholines produced activation which was maximal at 9 carbon atoms in each chain but decreased sharply as the chain-length was increased and essentially disappeared at 14 carbon atoms. By contrast the oligomycin-sensitivity increased with the increase in chain length. 4. Activation of ATPase complex reappeared when bilayers were formed with long-chain unsaturated phosphatidylcholines. The activity was oligomycin sensitive. Significant inhibition of activity was observed also after incorporation of cholesterol into the bilayers. 5. By contrast the activation induced by negatively charged liposomes of diacylphosphatidylglycerol was independent on acyl-chain composition and occurred at very low amounts of phospholipid. 6. The discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot of activity of the ATPase complex reactivated with saturated phospholipids was found at temperatures close to the gel-to-liquid crystalline transition of the lipid showing that the activity of ATPase complex was sensitive to the physical state of membrane phospholipids. 7. It is concluded that (a) reactivation of ATPase complex by isoelectric phospholipids is an interfacial activation, the minimum requirement for the lipid effect being micelle formation. (b) In order to gain the properties of the native complex a stable lamellar phase is needed. Both activity and oligomycin sensitivity are regulated by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of phospholipid acyl chains.",
"corpus_id": 22824211,
"title": "The role of phospholipid acyl chains in the activation of mitochondrial ATPase complex."
} | {
"abstract": "The structure and function of clinical dosage insulin and its analogues were assessed. This included ‘native insulins’ (human recombinant, bovine, porcine), ‘fast-acting analogues’ (aspart, glulisine, lispro) and ‘slow-acting analogues’ (glargine, detemir, degludec). Analytical ultracentrifugation, both sedimentation velocity and equilibrium experiments, were employed to yield distributions of both molar mass and sedimentation coefficient of all nine insulins. Size exclusion chromatography, coupled to multi-angle light scattering, was also used to explore the function of these analogues. On ultracentrifugation analysis, the insulins under investigation were found to be in numerous conformational states, however the majority of insulins were present in a primarily hexameric conformation. This was true for all native insulins and two fast-acting analogues. However, glargine was present as a dimer, detemir was a multi-hexameric system, degludec was a dodecamer (di-hexamer) and glulisine was present as a dimer-hexamer-dihexamer system. However, size-exclusion chromatography showed that the two hexameric fast-acting analogues (aspart and lispro) dissociated into monomers and dimers due to the lack of zinc in the mobile phase. This comprehensive study is the first time all nine insulins have been characterised in this way, the first time that insulin detemir have been studied using analytical ultracentrifugation and the first time that insulins aspart and glulisine have been studied using sedimentation equilibrium. The structure and function of these clinically administered insulins is of critical importance and this research adds novel data to an otherwise complex functional physiological protein.",
"corpus_id": 4709798,
"score": 1,
"title": "Characterisation of insulin analogues therapeutically available to patients"
} |
{
"abstract": "A new series of 6,6a,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-naphtho[1,2-e]pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines 4a-f and 5a-f were efficiently synthesized in good yields from the reaction of E-2-arylidene-1-tetralones 1 and the respective tri- or tetraaminopyrimidines 2 or 3 under microwave irradiation using DMF as solvent and catalytic amounts of BF(3).OEt(2). Six of the obtained compounds were selected and tested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI-USA) against 60 different tumor cell lines. In particular, compounds 5a, 5c and 5e presented remarkable anti-tumor activity against melanoma cancer in SK-MEL-5 cell line.",
"corpus_id": 2312700,
"title": "Synthesis of novel 6,6a,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-naphtho[1,2-e]pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines under microwave irradiation as potential anti-tumor agents."
} | {
"abstract": "Novel methyl 1-(5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-(aryl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylates 11 were synthesized by following a four-step strategy involving a nucleophilic aromatic displacement (S(N)Ar) and a solvent free approach as key steps for the formation of the desired products. Structure of intermediates and products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction as well as the tautomeric rearrangement suffered by the pyrazole moiety during the curse of the final cyclization process. Several of the obtained compounds were screened by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their ability to inhibit 60 different human tumor cell lines. Products 11b and 11n exhibited the highest activity against a range of cancer cell lines with remarkable values in panels of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Melanoma and Leukemia, with GI(50) range of 1.15-7.33 μM and 0.167-7.59 μM, respectively, and suitable LC(50) with values greater than 100 μM.",
"corpus_id": 12274485,
"title": "Synthesis of novel 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazoles as potential antitumor agents."
} | {
"abstract": "In the title compound, C16H13ClO4, the two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 86.38 (8)°. In the crystal, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form columns along the a axis. The molecules are also stabilized by a π–π stacking interaction, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.7793 (10) Å between the inversion-related benzene rings.",
"corpus_id": 12189417,
"score": 1,
"title": "2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-methoxybenzoate"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper describes the monitoring and evaluation of three improved cookstove dissemination projects implemented between 2004 and 2006 by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in India and Mexico. The projects assessed stove performance using lab-based water boiling tests (WBTs), which yield a number of performance indicators including time to boil water, specific fuel consumption, and energy efficiency when the stove is operated at both high and low power output. They also conducted field-based kitchen performance tests (KPTs), which yield daily per capita fuel consumption in real cooking conditions. In addition, one NGO utilized a controlled cooking test, which combined elements of lab- and field-based tests. In all cases, improved cookstoves (ICSs) were compared to local traditional cookstoves (TCSs). The results of the WBTs were mixed. Although the improved stoves generally showed some improvement in efficiency for the low-power simmering phases, the stoves were less efficient than traditional stoves in high-power water-boiling phases. The results from the KPTs were much less ambiguous. Three ICS models were tested for fuel consumption during real household use. All ICSs showed statistically significant reductions (p < 0.05) in average daily per capita fuel use ranging from 19 to 67 %. We also explore the correlations between the outcomes in lab-based tests and field-based tests in order to understand the relationships between the two assessment methods. Only fuel consumption in the low-power phase of the WBT showed a strong correlation with fuel consumption in the field (r 2 = 0.83, p = 0.01). We discuss the implications of this association as well as the other outcomes and present some policy recommendations for monitoring and evaluation of large-scale stove interventions.",
"corpus_id": 154665687,
"title": "Performance testing for monitoring improved biomass stove interventions: experiences of the Household Energy and Health Project"
} | {
"abstract": "Nearly a billion people in the world lack access to safe drinking water, two billion have inadequate sanitation facilities, three billion use biomass for their daily energy needs and nearly half the world's population live in rural isolation, lacking access to the most basic human services. Combined, these limitations are a leading cause of the perpetuating cycle of poverty and political insecurity. Meanwhile, the majority of international development agencies are responsible for self-reporting project outcomes. At best, expert spot-checks are conducted in the field occasionally. These results tend to show individual project success, while meta-surveys indicate on-going challenges in the sector. This disconnect may be addressed through independent data monitoring technologies that provide objective data on system performance and use and can be used to demonstrate success and identify project weaknesses. By demonstrating which technologies and programs are truly successful, these successes can be targeted for scaling, through savings realized by eliminating unsuccessful approaches. This will benefit developing communities by providing proven and accountable programs. The Sustainable Water, Energy and Environmental Technologies Laboratory, the SWEETLab™, at Portland State University is working with partners to demonstrate this concept across several applications and countries. The SWEETSense™ technology can provide objective, qualitative and continuous operational data on the usage and performance of programs across a range of sectors and communities. The data is then directly integrated into SWEETData™, an internet database presenting summary statistics on performance and usage of the monitored technologies to front-end users. The SWEETLab™ is currently demonstrating this concept in water, sanitation, household energy and rural infrastructure programs with diverse partners including Mercy Corps, the Lemelson Foundation, Bridges to Prosperity, Manna Energy Limited and Vestergaard Frandsen, in several countries including Indonesia, Haiti, Guatemala and Rwanda. Remote monitoring systems are an innovative method to ensure the success of appropriate technology projects. Rather than infrequent engagement, remote monitoring systems ensure that community partnerships are maintained through continuous monitoring. This approach seeks to raise the quality and accountability of these projects internationally.",
"corpus_id": 147397,
"title": "Proving Sustainability: The International Development Monitoring Initative"
} | {
"abstract": "1.12μm backside illuminated CMOS image sensor with backside deep trench isolation (DTI) has been demonstrated for the first time. DTI is fabricated on backside pixel surface after wafer bonding and grinding process. Backside DTI makes its layout simple because no transistor isolation exists on backside. We have confirmed about 50% reduction of crosstalk by using backside DTI. The crosstalk of 1.12μm backside DTI pixel is lower than that of 1.4μm BSI pixel. This technology will be promising for 1.12μm and beyond.",
"corpus_id": 38702611,
"score": 1,
"title": "Suppression of crosstalk by using backside deep trench isolation for 1.12μm backside illuminated CMOS image sensor"
} |
{
"abstract": "Antibodies directed against whole histone and purified lysine-rich histone H1 extracted from isolated macronuclei of the ciliate Tetrahymena were obtained and conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. The fluorescein-antibody conjugates were used to directly label Tetrahymena cells. Both macro- and micronuclei were visibly fluorescent in cells stained with anti-whole histone conjugate. However, the anti- H1 conjugate only labeled macronuclei. This in situ demonstration of the lack of positive immunofluorescent staining of micronuclei with anti-H1 conjugate provide further evidence for the absence of H1 in the genetically inactive, mitotically dividing Tetrahymena micronucleus.",
"corpus_id": 1728157,
"title": "Immunofluorescence evidence for the absence of histone H1 in a mitotically dividing, genetically inactive nucleus"
} | {
"abstract": "Vegetative cells of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contain a transcriptionally active macronucleus and a transcriptionally inactive micronucleus. Earlier studies ( Allis , C. D., C. V. C. Glover , J. K. Bowen, and M. A. Gorovsky , 1980, Cell, 20:609-617; and Allis , C. D., Y. S. Ziegler , M. A. Gorovsky , and J. B. Olmsted, 1982, Cell, 31:131-136) demonstrated the existence of a macronuclear-specific histone variant, hv1 , which is enriched in small punctate regions in nucleoli of several mammalian cell lines. These observations suggest that this histone variant is highly conserved in evolution and may be associated with actively transcribed sequences. Despite large differences in structure and function during vegetative growth, macro- and micronuclei are related. During conjugation, the sexual phase of the life cycle in Tetrahymena, postzygotic division products of micronuclei give rise to new micro- and macronuclei, while the old macronucleus moves to the posterior of each cell and is eliminated. In this study using antiserum specific for hv1 , we determined by indirect immunofluorescence the time during conjugation at which hv1 first appears in the developing new macronuclei. In growing, starved, and young mating cells (2-5 h after mixing opposite mating types), only macronuclei are detected with affinity-purified antibodies against hv1 . Newly formed macronuclei are either not stained or only weakly stained in cells in which the old macronucleus is located in the center of the cell. However, new macronuclei are clearly observed in cells in which the old macronucleus has moved to the posterior of the cell (approximately 8 h). During later stages of conjugation (10-16 h), the intensity of hv1 staining in new macronuclei increases with time corresponding to the increasing DNA content of these nuclei. Disappearance of detectable hv1 from old macronuclei begins nearly 1 h after these nuclei reach the posterior cytoplasm (approximately 9-10 h) and is sometimes complete before these nuclei are eliminated from the cells. Autoradiography of cells labeled for brief periods with [3H]uridine shows that new macronuclei begin to synthesize RNA very soon after the second postzygotic division (approximately 8 h). During stages when hv1 is clearly detected in new macronuclei, anlagen are active in RNA synthesis. RNA synthesis in old macronuclei ceases very close to the time when RNA synthesis begins in new macronuclei. Thus, the addition of hv1 coincides closely with the transformation of a transcriptionally inactive germinal nucleus into that of a transcriptionally active somatic nucleus. We suspect that addition of hv1 plays a fundamental role in",
"corpus_id": 10858243,
"title": "Timing of the appearance of macronuclear-specific histone variant hv1 and gene expression in developing new macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Histone phosphorylation in late interphase has been investigated employing cells synchronized by the isoleucine-deprivation method, followed by resynchronization at the G 1 S boundary using hydroxyurea. Phosphorylation occurred in both f1 and f2a2 as cells synchronously entered S phase following removal of hydroxyurea. The relative rates of phosphorylation of both species of histone increased in G2-rich and metaphase-rich cultures. A small amount of histone f3 phosphorylation was also observed in M-rich cultures which was not seen in G1, S, or G2-rich cultures. It is concluded that f1 phosphorylation is not dependent on continous DNA replication. These experiments suggest consideration of the concept that f1 phosphorylation is initiated as a preparation for impending cell division.",
"corpus_id": 39604853,
"score": 2,
"title": "Histone phosphorylation in late interphase and mitosis."
} |
{
"abstract": "Accurate values of material parameters of human tissue are key elements in a surgical robot system using an organ deformation model. However, it is generally difficult to determine the values of the material parameters of human tissue to be input into the model, because the individual differences of these material properties make them inherently uncertain. In this work, we discuss a method for identifying the values of the material parameters of an organ model. This paper is also concerned with developing a method using the finite element method (FEM) and the extended Kalman filter in order to identify the values of the material parameters of an organ model. The effectiveness of the method was shown through physical experiments using a layered phantom, a three-dimensional deformation model by FEM, and ultrasound imaging equipment. The results of experiments showed that the proposed parameter-identification method improved the reproducibility of the simulation using organ models.",
"corpus_id": 16814770,
"title": "Developing a system to identify the material parameters of an organ model for surgical robot control"
} | {
"abstract": "It is generally difficult to determine the material values of human tissue to input into an organ deformation model, because the material properties of human tissues are inherently uncertain because of their individual differences. In our work, we developed a promising approach that allows identification of the material parameters of the organ model by using information obtained during surgery. The effectiveness of the method was shown through both numerical and physical experiments. As a result of both experiments, it was shown that the material parameters of the organ model were accurately identified.",
"corpus_id": 1700563,
"title": "Developing an Intraoperative Methodology Using the Finite Element Method and the Extended Kalman Filter to Identify the Material Parameters of an Organ Model"
} | {
"abstract": "Functionally gradient materials (FGMs) display continuously or discontinuously varying compositions and/or microstructures over definable geometrical distances. The gradients can be continuous on a microscopic level, or they can be laminates comprised of gradients of metals, ceramics, polymers, or variations of porosity/density. Several processing techniques have been explored for the fabrication of FGMs for structural applications, e.g., powder metallurgy, thermal spraying, in situ synthesis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, reactive infiltration, etc. Physical and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques are also being explored to process FGM films with nanometer level gradients in composition. This article addresses the issues related to thermal-spray processing of FGMs and will only peripherally compare the advantages and limitations of thermal spray versus other processing techniques as reported in the literature. In thermal spraying, feedstock material (in the form of powder, rod, or wire) is introduced into a combustion or plasma flame. The particles melt in transit and impinge on the substrate where they flatten, undergo rapid solidification, and form a deposit through successive impingement. Thermal spraying has been traditionally employed to produce a variety of protective coatings of ceramics, metals, and polymers on a range of substrates. More recently, the process has been used for spray-forming structural components. Arc spray, combustion, and plasma are the major techniques comprising thermal spray. These classifications are based on the type of heat source and the method by which feedstock is injected. Arc-spray processes use electrically conductive wire as feedstock, while combustion methods use powder or wire.",
"corpus_id": 137989677,
"score": 2,
"title": "Thermal Spray Processing of FGMs"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper is an academic reflection on the Activity Theoretical Iterative Evaluation Method (ATIEM). ATIEM is based on Activity Theory (AT), and aims to concretise the abstract concepts of AT into a practical method for evaluation that can be applied by IS practitioners without requiring in-depth knowledge of the theory. We describe how the method was developed, its links to AT, and the application of ATIEM in a case study. We then discuss our reflections on the method, which are framed as contradictions. Additional issues and recommendations also emerged from the development and application of ATIEM, and these are addressed in the subsequent section of this paper, followed by some conclusions.",
"corpus_id": 1619938,
"title": "The Activity Theoretical Iterative Evaluation Method"
} | {
"abstract": "Computer system developers are increasingly being challenged to develop tools that are not only usable, but more importantly useful in the sense of assisting the user to achieve desired goals. This requirement has highlighted the importance of accounting for the social and cultural issues of the computer tool user when developing a computer system. Activity Theory (AT) has emerged as a suitable framework for analysing social and cultural issues because it provides a language to describe what people do in context. However, many computer system developers have failed to benefit from this insight mainly due to lack of established methods to operationalise ideas from this framework for the purpose of guiding the design process. This paper proposes a methodology developed to direct the application of a version of AT based on Engestrom’s (1987) conceptualisation in order to support requirements capture during computer system design.",
"corpus_id": 13826502,
"title": "Where Theory Meets Practice: A Case for an Activity Theory Based Methodology to Guide Computer System Design"
} | {
"abstract": "1) The user-participants assume that their knowledge of actual rather than ideal organizational processes is \"anecdotal\" and irrelevant. TO avoid seeming foolish to the technical people, they do not challenge formal statements of work or ask fo r technical clarification. They aren't clear about possibilities and limitat ions of the system-to-be. 2) The software engineers feel satisfied that, as they develop a logically connected procedure description and the users agree with their version o f it, they have enough information to proceed. AvOidable problems then surface after implementation.",
"corpus_id": 19592356,
"score": 2,
"title": "Participatory conversation in PD"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this paper, we propose a novel efficient technique called cyclo-compaction scheduling, taking into account the data transmission delays and loop carried dependency associated with specific target architectures. This technique uses the retiming technique (loop pipelining), implicitly applied, and a task remapping to appropriate processors in order to compact the schedule length and improve the parallelism iteratively while handling the underlying imposed communication environment and resource constraints. Algorithms and the corresponding theorems are presented. Experimental results for different architectures show the effectiveness of our algorithm.",
"corpus_id": 123360,
"title": "Architecture-Dependent Loop Scheduling via Communication-Sensitive Remapping"
} | {
"abstract": "In applications requiring very high throughput or which have real-time deadlines, the use of parallel processing techniques has become widespread. This has been done in hopes of exploiting the promise of vast performance gains provided by parallel processing. However, these potential gains can be diminished by the communication overhead inherent in these systems. In this paper, such a communication overhead was encountered while work was being performed on simulations of partial diierential equations (representing uid dynamics problems) by using the multi-dimensional wave lters method. With tightly-coupled architectures being used as the platform, the static communication scheduling of messages in the network is addressed. The compile time determination of when nodes should send their messages to other nodes in the network is what is termed static communication scheduling. In parallel systems the static scheduling of computational tasks has been studied for some time, however, an in depth analysis of our problem is very new. This paper builds a framework based on the newly developed Collision Graph model. Using this model, the determination of an optimal schedule is proven to be NP-Complete. Several eecient algorithms are designed to deal with a general case model of message traac. Experiments show a signiicant improvement over baseline approaches.",
"corpus_id": 16156936,
"title": "Communication Scheduling for messages with varying departure times using the Collision Graph Model"
} | {
"abstract": "Socioeconomic deprivation is a potentially important factor influencing surgical outcomes. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence for any association between socioeconomic group and mortality after colorectal surgery, and to report the definitions of deprivation used and the approaches taken to adjust for co‐morbidity in this patient population.",
"corpus_id": 4891458,
"score": 0,
"title": "Systematic review of the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on mortality after colorectal surgery"
} |
{
"abstract": "The architecture of the firm involves determination of a boundary that encompasses the functions managed by the firm. The past decade has seen substantial reorganization of firms where vertical or horizontal integration has been unbundled into weaker forms of collaborations including value chains and networks. This observation has forced a re‐conceptualization of the boundaries of the firm to incorporate such collaborations. These collaborations are virtual and highly dynamic. They emerge and persist when two conditions are met. First, they must enable generation of greater value than might be attained through independent operation and anonymous transactions through markets. Second, the resulting growth must be shared with members in a way that retains their participation. Each of these conditions can be verified only if performance of the collaboration can be established. This paper recognizes the need for “metrics of performance” that are by necessity operationally feasible to measure. While conceptual approaches have been studied in the management literature, this paper considers from theoretic perspectives these issues and derives measures of the performance of the overall collaboration as well as of the participating enterprises. The paper presents a framework that can be applied to both vertical and horizontal collaborations as found in supply chains and networks. The paper offers suggestions on empirical methods for estimation of measures derived.",
"corpus_id": 153685775,
"title": "Supply Chain and Network Performance: Metrics for Profitability, Productivity, and Efficiency"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The knowledge of the internal structure of decision making units (DMUs) gives further insights with respect to the “black box” perspective when considering data envelopment analysis models. We present one-level and two-level hierarchical structures of the DMUs under evaluation. Each unit is composed of consecutive stages of parallel subunits all with constant returns to scale. In particular, the maximization of the relative efficiency of a DMU is studied. For the two-stage situation, different degrees of coordination among the subunits of the hierarchical levels are discussed. When some form of coordination has to be guaranteed, we introduce balancing constraints and we compare two different models. In both cases, we prove that the maximum relative efficiency of a DMU is assessed by comparing it with all the existing subunits.",
"corpus_id": 10444141,
"title": "DEA-like models for the efficiency evaluation of hierarchically structured units"
} | {
"abstract": "We develop a game theoretic model of joint quality control in a single sourcing environment which integrates supplier and customer decisions. In this model, both parties behave strategically and take each other's incentives into account when deciding on their respective sampling plans. The specific sampling plans considered are of the “single sample fraction defective with rectifying inspection” type. A method to find the optimal sampling plans for both supplier and customer in two different informational setups is constructed. The resulting models lead to examination of Stackelberg and Nash equilibria. Numerical examples of such equilibria are presented, indicating how optimal strategies depend on the parameters of the problem.",
"corpus_id": 21697102,
"score": 2,
"title": "Supplier-customer interaction in quality control"
} |
{
"abstract": "................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ..................................................................................................................................... iv Table of",
"corpus_id": 156980163,
"title": "Japanese students’ reconceptualization of racialized English and English speakers through study abroad"
} | {
"abstract": "This study explores the representation of English users and uses in Japanese EFL textbooks for seventh graders that have been approved by the Ministry of Education. Analysis of the nationality of the main characters and the contexts and types of English use featured in the chapters suggests that the textbooks tend to emphasize the inner circle (Kachru, 1985) both in intranational and international use. The representation of users and uses in other contexts, particularly of those in the outer circle, is much more limited despite the growing recognition of the spread of English and the increased use of English outside of the inner circle (Crystal, 1997; Graddol, 1997). Based on the findings, I discuss the extent to which these textbooks represent the current global uses and users of English, consider the appropriateness of the representation, and suggest ways to help English learners become more aware of the sociolinguistic complexity of the English language. 本研究では、中学一年生対象の検定教科書7冊において、英語使用者および 用途がどのように表現されているかを調査した。登場人物の国籍と各課に含ま れる英語使用の状況と種類を分析したところ、国内言語・国際言語両方の使用 において Inner Circle (Kachru, 1985) の英語話者と彼らの英語使用に重点をおく傾 向があることがわかった。同時に、それ以外の状況、特に Outer Circle での英語 使用と英語話者は、教科書内での表現はあまりみられなかった。本論文では、 この結果をふまえ、教科書が現在世界における英語が果たしている役割をいか に正確に表しているかを議論し、その適切さを考察するとともに、英語の複雑 な社会言語学的背景の理解を促す方法を提示した。",
"corpus_id": 62585459,
"title": "Representation of Users and Uses of English in Beginning Japanese EFL Textbooks"
} | {
"abstract": "In metal forming industries, product quality, product cost and time-to-market are three overriding issues. Among these issues, product quality is the most critical one. Defect is one of the key quality issues in forming processes. Defect formation can be caused by irrational material flow and unreasonable stress and temperature distribution in billet and tooling. In forging of axisymmetrical flanged parts, folding is a common flow-induced defect. In this study, the mechanisms of folding defect formation and avoidance in forging of axisymmetrical flanged parts are systematically studied via FEM simulation. Based on the simulated material flow behavior, the defect formation mechanism is revealed and an avoidance mechanism through the dynamic change of tooling geometry is proposed. The mechanism is realized by implementation of a sliding insert in die structure to control material flow and further to avoid the formation of folding defect. In addition, the effects of the initial insert position, frictional factor and the spring stiffness of the moving die module on the material flow behavior and deformation load are investigated. Based on the simulation results of the developed FEM models, a systematic design framework to predict and avoid folding defect via CAE simulation is proposed. Through an industrial case study, the findings and the proposed defect avoidance mechanism are finally verified.",
"corpus_id": 135577401,
"score": 0,
"title": "Simulation-enabled study of folding defect formation and avoidance in axisymmetrical flanged components"
} |
{
"abstract": "Purpose Cisplatin plus gemcitabine (GEM) is a standard regimen for the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of this study was to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric prodrugs and construct nanoparticles (NPs) with layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Methods Platinum (Pt) (IV) complex with a carboxyl group was conjugated to the amino group of chitosan (CH), resulting in a CH-Pt conjugation with positive charge. GEM with amino group was conjugated to the carboxyl group of hyaluronic acid (HA), resulting in a HA-GEM conjugation with negative charge. Novel LbL NPs consisting of the CH-Pt core and the HA-GEM layer, named as HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs, were constructed. The physicochemical properties of the HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs were investigated. In vitro cytotoxicity against human non-small lung cancer cells (NCl-H460 cells) was investigated, and in vivo antitumor efficiency was evaluated on mice bearing NCl-H460 cells xenografts. Results HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs have a size of about 187 nm, a zeta potential value of −21 mV and high drug encapsulation efficiency of 90%. The drug release of HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs exhibited a sustained behavior. HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs could significantly enhance in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor effect against lung cancer animal model compared to the single-drug-loaded NPs and free drug solutions. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the HA-GEM/CH-Pt NPs might be a promising system for the synergetic treatment of lung carcinoma.",
"corpus_id": 476562,
"title": "Layer-by-layer nanoparticles co-loading gemcitabine and platinum (IV) prodrugs for synergistic combination therapy of lung cancer"
} | {
"abstract": "Development of resistance toward anticancer drugs results in ineffective therapy leading to increased mortality. Therefore, overriding resistance and restoring sensitivity to anticancer drugs will improve treatment efficacy and reduce mortality. While numerous mechanisms for drug resistance in cancer have previously been demonstrated, recent studies implicate a role for proteasome and the autophagy regulatory protein P62/SQSTM1 (P62) in contributing to drug resistance. Specifically, reduction in the expression of the β5 subunit of the proteasome and/or enhanced P62 protein expression is known to contribute to cancer drug resistance such as cisplatin (CDDP) in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that restoration of β5 expression and/or suppression of P62 protein expression in CDDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells will lead to restoration of sensitivity to CDDP and enhanced cell killing. To test our hypothesis we developed a biodegradable multifunctional nanoparticle (MNP) system that codelivered P62siRNA, β5 plasmid DNA, and CDDP and tested its efficacy in CDDP resistant 2008/C13 ovarian cancer cells. MNP consisted of CDDP loaded polylactic acid nanoparticle as inner core and cationic chitosan (CS) consisting of ionically linked P62siRNA (siP62) and/or β5 expressing plasmid DNA (pβ5) as the outer layer. The MNPs were spherical in shape with a hydrodynamic diameter in the range of 280-350 nm, and demonstrated encapsulation efficiencies of 82% and 78.5% for CDDP and siRNA respectively. MNPs efficiently protected the siRNA and showed superior serum stability compared to naked siRNA as measured by gel retardation and spectrophotometry assays. The MNPs successfully delivered siP62 and pβ5 to cause P62 knockdown and restoration of β5 expression in 2008/C13 cells. Combined delivery of siP62, pβ5, and CDDP using the MNPs resulted in a marked reduction in the IC50 value of CDDP in 2008/C13 cells from 125 ± 1.3 μM to 98 ± 0.6 μM (P < 0.05; 21.6% reduction) when compared to the reduction in the IC50 of CDDP observed in cells that had only siP62 delivered (IC50 = 106 ± 1.1 μM; P < 0.05; 15.2% reduction) or pβ5 delivered (IC50 = 115 ± 2.8 μM; 8% reduction) via MNPs. Finally, our studies showed that the CDDP resistance index in 2008/C13 cells was reduced from 4.62 for free CDDP to 3.62 for MNP treatment. In conclusion our study results demonstrated the efficacy of our MNP in overcoming CDDP resistance in ovarian cancer cells.",
"corpus_id": 21371598,
"title": "Chitosan coated polylactic acid nanoparticle-mediated combinatorial delivery of cisplatin and siRNA/Plasmid DNA chemosensitizes cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells."
} | {
"abstract": "Studies of social functioning in severe mental disorders are disadvantaged by the multitude of different assessment instruments in use. The present study aims to establish reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and to examine social functioning in bipolar disorder (BD) compared to schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). SFS, a 76 item questionnaire divided into seven subscales measuring various aspects of daily life functioning, was administered to samples diagnosed with BD (n = 100) or SZ (n = 100) and to HC (n = 100), recruited from the ongoing Tematic Organized Psychosis (TOP) study. Reliability analyses prove adequate psychometric properties both for the composite full scale score (α: 0.81) as well as for the seven subscale scores (α: 0.60-0.88). Principal component analysis of the subscales confirms a one-component structure, explaining 59% of the variance. Although significantly correlated with the Global Assessment of Functioning, our results indicate that the SFS measures different aspects of social functioning, is less influenced by demographic and clinical characteristics, but differentiates at the same time significantly BD from SZ. Thus, SFS adds valuable information as a supplement to standard clinician-rated assessment tools of social functioning, suited both for research and clinical work.",
"corpus_id": 205574538,
"score": 0,
"title": "Validation of the Norwegian version of the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder."
} |
{
"abstract": "ABSTRACT In 2011, Ireland's National Tourism Development Authority (Fȃilte Ireland) announced a plan to increase the number of food tourists to the country. According to the plan, Irish food will be recognized for the quality of its regional food experiences that evoke a unique sense of place. To further the plan, it created a program entitled ‘Place on a Plate’ which encourages restaurant owners/chefs to offer fresh locally sourced seasonal food and list the names of local suppliers on their menus. This paper examines the effectiveness of this ‘Place on a Plate’ strategy by examining 53 restaurant menus along the West Cork Food Trail in southwest Ireland to determine whether they contain: (1) a statement as to the origin of their food supplies, (2) a listing of local food producers, and (3) geographical place name references on individual menu items. The study found that the majority of restaurants do not include a statement as to the origin of their food supplies, indeed only three out of the surveyed restaurants provided complete food supply listings. The largest number of menu items to be connected with a place were linked with Ireland followed by West Cork and the Atlantic. The results suggest that the ‘Place on a Plate’ strategy has had a limited impact and that more education needs to occur about its potential to contribute to West Cork's gastronomic identity.",
"corpus_id": 157825566,
"title": "‘Putting Place on a Plate’ along the West Cork Food Trail"
} | {
"abstract": "This study applies a multidimensional approach in the context of Baba and Nyonya cuisine. A total of 209 international food tourists were surveyed in Malacca, Malaysia. The results derived from structural equation modelling empirically confirmed that the cognitive image dimensions of safety, uniqueness and family-oriented significantly and positively influenced both affective and conative images. However, the cognitive image dimension of variety only partially influenced affective image, but not a conative image, while the cognitive image of cooking methods did not show any significant effects on the affective nor conative image. Finally, affective image dimensions significantly and positively influenced the conative image. Relevant implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies for Baba and Nyonya cuisine also discussed.",
"corpus_id": 148684161,
"title": "Exploring Baba and Nyonya culture via multiple image lenses : food travellers’ perspective / Jason M. S. Lam...[et al.]"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract A lattice-valued relation, lvr for short, from a set X to a set Y is a function from the Cartesian product of X and Y to a lattice. This concept is a generalization of other structures, notably tolerance spaces, nets and automata, separately investigated by the authors elsewhere. It is adequate to admit a natural definition of homogeneity and a classification of homogeneous lvr's by their isomorphism groups. The main result of the present paper is a proof of this classification. The application of this to automata, also interpretable as lvr's, is described, and an example given. We conclude with a brief discussion of the lvr theory of fuzzy and stochastic automata.",
"corpus_id": 31288777,
"score": 0,
"title": "Lattice valued relations and automata"
} |
{
"abstract": "Dataflow modeling is well suited for a large variety of applications for modern multi-core architectures, e.g., from the signal processing and the control domain. Furthermore, Design Space Exploration (DSE) can be used to explore mappings of tasks to hardware resources (cores of an MPSoC) and their scheduling to obtain optimized trade-off solutions between throughput and resource costs. However, the throughput evaluation of an implementation candidate via compilation-in-the-loop or simulation-based approaches can be extremely time-consuming. Such a deficiency is very detrimental, because a typical DSE run needs to evaluate thousands of implementation candidates. As a remedy, we propose a hybrid-adaptive DSE where a max-plus algebra-based analytic throughput calculation method is used in the initial DSE phase to enable a fast progress of the search space exploration. However, as this analysis may be inaccurate as neglecting some real-world effects like cache and scheduling overhead, throughput measurements are taken later in the DSE. Moreover, we explore the trade-off between scheduling efficiency of implementation candidates—in favor of reducing concurrency—and exploiting concurrency to a large extent for parallel execution of the application. To find solutions of highest achievable throughput, it is shown that not only highly scheduling efficient implementation candidates but also highly parallel implementation candidates are essential when determining the initial population. In this realm, we contribute a method for diversity-based population initialization. For a representative set of benchmarks, it is shown that the combination of the two major contributions allows us to find much higher throughput multi-core solutions within a given exploration time compared to a state-of-the-art DSE approach.",
"corpus_id": 232021047,
"title": "Multi-objective Optimization of Mapping Dataflow Applications to MPSoCs Using a Hybrid Evaluation Combining Analytic Models and Measurements"
} | {
"abstract": "Dataflow modeling is well suited for a wide variety of applications for multi-core architectures, e.g. signal processing and control domain. Additionally, Design Space Exploration (DSE) can be used to explore the distribution of tasks to resources and their scheduling to obtain optimized trade-off solutions between throughput and resource costs. However, the performance evaluation of an implementation candidate in particular via compilation and throughput measurement on the target hardware is prohibitively time-consuming. Thus, we propose to use a max-plus algebra-based analytic throughput calculation method in the initial DSE phase where a fast evaluation with low accuracy is sufficient to guide the search through the design space. However, this analysis neglects some real-world concerns like cache effects and scheduling overhead. Thus, a hybrid DSE is proposed where throughput measurements are taken later in the DSE to get more accurate throughput results for real-world platforms. Results show that our approach is able to find much higher throughput multi-core solutions within a given exploration time compared to a state-of-the-art DSE approach.",
"corpus_id": 153313185,
"title": "On the Analytic Evaluation of Schedules via Max-Plus Algebra for DSE of Multi-Core Architectures"
} | {
"abstract": "Application-specific multicore architectures are usually designed by using a configurable platform in which a set of parameters can be tuned to find the best trade-off in terms of the selected figures of merit (such as energy, delay, and area). This multi-objective optimization phase is called Design-Space Exploration (DSE). Among the design-time (hardware) configurable parameters we can find the memory subsystem configuration (such as cache size and associativity) and other architectural parameters such as the instruction-level parallelism of the system processors. Among the runtime (software) configurable parameters we can find the degree of task-level parallelism associated with each application running on the platform.\n The contribution of this article is twofold; first, we introduce an evolutionary (NSGA-II-based) methodology for identifying a hardware configuration which is robust with respect to applications and corresponding datasets. Second, we introduce a novel runtime heuristic that exploits design-time identified operating points to provide guaranteed throughput to each application. Experimental results show that the design-time/runtime combined approach improves the runtime performance of the system with respect to existing reference techniques, while meeting the overall power budget.",
"corpus_id": 13928410,
"score": -1,
"title": "Design-space exploration and runtime resource management for multicores"
} |
{
"abstract": "Four-wheel independently driven skid-steered mobile robots are widely used in the fields of industrial automation and outdoor exploration. In most of existing controllers of skid-steered mobile robots, the wheel velocities are controlled independently to track the desired velocities from the high-level kinematic controller. However, this kind of control method may lead to chattering phenomenon of skid-steered mobile robots in practice, when the desired velocity commands of four wheels are not matched under different ground conditions. In this paper, the coordinated control problem is investigated for the four-wheel independently driven skid steer mobile robots, so as to solve the chattering phenomenon and also achieve good control performance under different ground conditions. Since the mobile robots are over-actuated and lack of suspension systems, a coordinated adaptive robust control scheme integrated with torque allocation technique is proposed. First, an adaptive robust control law is developed to attenuate the negative effects of load variations and uncertainties. Second, instead of directly giving the desired velocity commands, a torque control and allocation algorithm is developed to regulate the driving torque of each wheel motor. A coordinated control law with considering the wheel slip compensation is also proposed. Comparative experiments are carried out, and the results show the proposed scheme can avoid the chattering problem and achieve the excellent performance under different ground conditions.",
"corpus_id": 4915576,
"title": "Performance-Oriented Coordinated Adaptive Robust Control for Four-Wheel Independently Driven Skid Steer Mobile Robot"
} | {
"abstract": "Path following of the mobile robot is one research hot for the mobile robot navigation. For the control system of the wheeled mobile robot(WMR) being in nonhonolomic system and the complex relations among the control parameters, it is difficult to solve the problem based on traditional mathematics model. In this paper, we presents a simple and effective way of implementing an adaptive following controller based on the PID for mobile robot path following. The method uses a non-linear model of mobile robot kinematics and thus allows an accurate prediction of the future trajectories. The proposed controller has a parallel structure that consists of PID controller with a fixed gain. The control law is constructed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory. Computer simulation for a differentially driven nonholonomic mobile robot is carried out in the velocity and orientation tracking control of the nonholonomic WMR. The simulation results of wheel type mobile robot platform are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.",
"corpus_id": 14982849,
"title": "Path Following Control of Mobile Robot Using Lyapunov Techniques and PID Cntroller"
} | {
"abstract": "Sign-based algorithms (e.g. signSGD) have been proposed as a biased gradient compression technique to alleviate the communication bottleneck in training large neural networks across multiple workers. We show simple convex counter-examples where signSGD does not converge to the optimum. Further, even when it does converge, signSGD may generalize poorly when compared with SGD. These issues arise because of the biased nature of the sign compression operator. We then show that using error-feedback, i.e. incorporating the error made by the compression operator into the next step, overcomes these issues. We prove that our algorithm EF-SGD with arbitrary compression operator achieves the same rate of convergence as SGD without any additional assumptions. Thus EF-SGD achieves gradient compression for free. Our experiments thoroughly substantiate the theory and show that error-feedback improves both convergence and generalization. Code can be found at \\url{https://github.com/epfml/error-feedback-SGD}.",
"corpus_id": 59316785,
"score": -1,
"title": "Error Feedback Fixes SignSGD and other Gradient Compression Schemes"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper presents the magnetocaloric properties of polycrystalline La<sub>0.8-x</sub>Ag<sub>x</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>manganites (x = 0.0, 0.05, and 0.1) prepared by solid-state reaction. The results reveal that an Ag-concentration increase leads to a slight increase of the Curie temperature (T<sub>C</sub>), and broadens the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase-transition region. The temperature dependences of the magnetic entropy change, ΔS<sub>m</sub>(T), for the samples have also been calculated using Maxwell's relation. As a function of temperature, -ΔS<sub>m</sub>(T) curve shows the maximum value (denoted as |ΔS<sub>max</sub>|) around T<sub>C</sub>. The field dependences of |ΔS<sub>max</sub>| and refrigerant capacity (RC) can be expressed by the power laws of |AS<sub>max</sub>| = a × ΔH<sup>n</sup> nand RC = b × AHN, respectively. Based on M(H) isotherms and the universal entropy method for the ΔS<sub>m</sub>(T) data measured at different values of ΔH, we point out that the samples exhibit the crossover of the first-to-second-order phase transformation. A partial replacement of La by Ag in La<sub>0.8-x</sub>Ag<sub>x</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> leads to modify the first-order to second-order phase transition in the samples.",
"corpus_id": 2020011,
"title": "Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of La0.8–xAgxCa0.2MnO3 Exhibiting the Crossover of First- and Second-Order Phase Transitions"
} | {
"abstract": "A universal curve for the change in the magnetic entropy has been recently proposed for materials with second-order phase transitions. In this work we have studied the universal behavior of the magnetocaloric effect in the family of cobalt Laves phases, RCo2, and mixed manganites, La2/3CaxSr1�x1/3MnO3, which exhibit first- and second-order phase transitions. The rescaled magnetic entropy change curves for different applied fields collapse onto a single curve for materials with second-order phase transition as opposed to the first-order phase transition compounds, for which this collapse does not hold. This result suggests that the universal curve may be used as a further criterion to distinguish the order of the phase transition.",
"corpus_id": 2270447,
"title": "Universal behavior for magnetic entropy change in magnetocaloric materials: An analysis on the nature of phase transitions"
} | {
"abstract": "The effect of applied magnetic field (H) on the magnetic properties of Sm0.52Sr0.48MnO3 single crystal in the paramagnetic (PM) state has been investigated. We observe a field induced steplike jump in magnetization (M) above TC (110K). The temperature and magnetic field dependence of susceptibility reveal that the PM phase of this system is quite complicated due to the coexistence of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions. The nature of magnetic interaction changes abruptly from AFM to FM at around 3.5T, above which M ceases the steplike jump.",
"corpus_id": 118538879,
"score": 2,
"title": "Modification of the spin state in Sm0.52Sr0.48MnO3 by external magnetic field"
} |
{
"abstract": "Review of literature is conducted to determine the best minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH) route for large uterus, identify preoperative considerations and describe alternative techniques to power morcellation. Studies after 2010 revealed multiple MIH approaches. Vaginal hysterectomy is preferred over laparoscopic and laparoscopic assistance with less operative time and hospital cost. In morbidly obese patients with large uteri, total laparoscopic hysterectomy is superior to vaginal hysterectomy with lesser odds of blood transfusion and lower length of hospital stay. Although MIH for the large uterus is feasible, many questions remain unanswered. Well-designed multicenter prospective trial incorporating clinical pathways to compare outcomes is needed.",
"corpus_id": 4377027,
"title": "In Search for the Best Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy Approach for the Large Uterus: A Review."
} | {
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 1408240,
"title": "The Sydney Contained In Bag Morcellation technique."
} | {
"abstract": "OBJECTIVE\nThe purpose of this study was to compare advantages, disadvantages, and outcomes in patients who undergo vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for enlarged symptomatic uteri.\n\n\nSTUDY DESIGN\nIn a prospective, randomized study, 60 vaginal hysterectomies (study group) were compared with 59 abdominal hysterectomies (control group); all of the hysterectomies were performed for symptomatic uterine fibroids from January 1997 through December 2000. We excluded from the study the other common causes of hysterectomy such as prolapse, bleeding, adenomyosis, and endometrial or cervical carcinoma. In both groups, uterine weights ranged from 200 g to 1300 g. For enlarged uteri, vaginal hysterectomies were performed with the use of volume reduction techniques: Intramyometrial coring, corporal bisection, and morcellation. The evaluated parameters included patient age, weight, parity, uterine weight, operative time, blood loss, demand for analgesics, eventual surgical complications, length of admission, and hospital charges. The Mann-Whitney U test and chi(2) tests were applied for statistical analysis. Probability values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThere were no major differences in patient age, weight, parity, and uterine weight between the two groups. Operative time was significantly lower for the vaginal route as compared with the abdominal route (86 minutes vs 102 minutes, P <.001). No intraoperative complications were noted both in the study and control groups or the control group. Surgical bleeding (expressed by hemoglobin loss) was not significantly different between the two groups. In the postoperative period, we found a higher incidence of fever (30.5% vs 16.6%, P <.05) and demand for analgesics (86% vs 66%, P <.05) in the abdominal group as compared with the vaginal group. Significant advantages of vaginal hysterectomy were a reduction in the hospital stay (3 days vs 4 days, P <.001) and cost.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThese results should lead to the choice of vaginal hysterectomy as a valid alternative to the abdominal hysterectomy, even for enlarged uteri.",
"corpus_id": 34343102,
"score": -1,
"title": "Abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy for enlarged uteri: a randomized clinical trial."
} |
{
"abstract": "Sick building syndrome (SBS) is usually characterized by upper respiratory complaints, headache, and mild fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness with defined criteria including extreme fatigue, sore throat, headache, and neurological symptoms. We investigated three apparent outbreaks of SBS and observed another more serious illness (or illnesses), characterized predominantly by severe fatigue, that was noted by 9 (90%) of the 10 teachers who frequently used a single conference room at a high school in Truckee, California; 5 (23%) of the 22 responding teachers in the J wing of a high school in Elk Grove, California; and 9 (10%) of the 93 responding workers from an office building in Washington, D.C. In those individuals with severe fatigue, symptoms of mucous membrane irritation that are characteristic of SBS were noted but also noted were neurological complaints not typical of SBS but quite characteristic of CFS. We conclude that CFS is often associated with SBS.",
"corpus_id": 867771,
"title": "Concurrent sick building syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome: epidemic neuromyasthenia revisited."
} | {
"abstract": "Sick-building syndrome is an illness characterized by fatigue, headache, and upper-respiratory complaints. It is usually associated with modern office buildings, structures with an impervious outer shell and inoperable windows. Poor air quality, specific pollutants, and inadequate ventilation are considered common causes.The ability to smell faint odors requires air that is free of contamination. Human evolutionary ancestors depended on odors for survival. Even the slightest increase in the ability to smell a predator conveyed a distinct, immediate survival advantage. Conversely, an enormous survival advantage would also accrue to the animal that sought protection or avoided activity when this vital olfactory information was unavailable.Such would be the case with fire on the savannah. The foraging, olfactory dependent animal, unable to smell predators because of contaminated air, would be quickly snatched by a keen-sighted carnivore. There exist, however, well-described reflexes from the nose mediated through the trigeminal nerve that discourage activity when these free nerve endings are irritated. This mechanism may serve as a defense against predation. In adulterated atmosphere the animal, subdued by these reflexes, would be less likely to venture forth and, therefore, less vulnerable to predators.Similar reflexes may persist in humans, activated by poor air quality, air ill-suited for the dissemination of odors. I suggest that the human perception of these inhibitory reflexes is the feeling of fatigue associated with the sick building syndrome.",
"corpus_id": 6652146,
"title": "Sick-building syndrome fatigue as a possible predation defense"
} | {
"abstract": "response between two groups of guinea-pigs in good and bad condition injected with 5 c.cm. toxoid. The mean response six weeks after injection of the former group was 0.284 unit, and of the latter group 0.041 unit. This observation has also been fully established in relation to diphtheria immunization in animals. Secondly, during the last war Mr. Glenny had a horse which had been injected with tetanus toxin-antitoxin mixture. Some time later it received a larger dose of toxin than was usual for a horse undergoing immunization, but although it responded by a considerable increase in antitoxin it suddenly developed tetanus and died.",
"corpus_id": 38757160,
"score": 2,
"title": "Hospital Infection of War Wounds*"
} |
{
"abstract": "In the last decade, examples of devices manufactured with SUMMiT(TM) technology have demonstrated the capabilities of polysilicon surface micromachining. Currently we are working on enhancements to this technology that utilize additional structural layers of silicon nitride to enable Microfluidics and BioMEMS applications. The addition of the silicon nitride layers allows the fabrication of microfluidic flow channels that are transparent (allowing observation of cellular motion) and insulating (allowing the placement of polysilicon electrodes at arbitrary locations in the flow channels). The goal of this technology development effort is to ultimately provide functionality that is not feasible with other microfabrication technologies. The enhancements build on the key features of surface micromachining: manufacturability and compatibility with CMOS processing, which allow us to leverage the investment already made in the microelectronics processing technology. In this paper we will present examples of devices fabricated using this new enhanced surface micromachining technology. These devices include pumps, valves, and a cell manipulator.",
"corpus_id": 861108,
"title": "Development of surface micromachining technologies for microfluidics and bioMEMS"
} | {
"abstract": "After entering the twenty-first century, there has been an ongoing drift toward miniaturization of discrete products in several areas. One such application is microfluidic device used in biomedical applications. The challenge with the manufacturing of microfluidic devices/biochips is that they often make use of broad range of materials within a single chip, making it difficult to manufacture these devices with conventional photolithographic-based techniques. Laser processing of materials has proved to be an important tool for the development of these devices because of the accuracy, flexibility, and the most important one material independence it offers. In this work, laser direct writing technique is used for the fabrication of microfeatures in AISI 1045 steel for the microfluidic applications. The basic purpose of the research work is to assess the performance of direct laser machining for the development of microfluidic channels by investigating the effects of different process parameters using design of experiments (DOE) and regression modeling analysis. The model is developed with Optimal Design IV in Response surface methodology taking five input parameters including the scan strategy which is mostly overlooked in the past research. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been carried out for five performance measures namely width error for rectangular section, width error for semicircular section, taper degree, recast layer, and material removal rate. Multiobjective optimization of these performance variables has been carried out, and it has been shown that optimized solutions are obtained at moderate frequencies, high scan speed, and minimum layer thickness.",
"corpus_id": 253682816,
"title": "Multiobjective optimization of Nd:YAG direct laser writing of microchannels for microfluidic applications"
} | {
"abstract": "After discussion of the basic aspects of CVD and its reaction kinetics LPCVD and PECVD will evolve as techniques commonly used at high temperature and lower temperature , respectively. Films deposited by these two techniques differ in several aspects, i.e., thickness, uniformity, purity, density, electrical properties, adhesion, step coverage, etc. Reactor designs are discussed in brief for optimization of the process parameters to yield optimized film properties. Then each of the major film materials such as polysilicon, SiN, , , SiC and some exotics such as diamond films are discussed with respect to their application in microstructures and their film properties in dependence on the deposition technique and follow-on processing, e.g., internal stresses due to imperfection in structure and composition or clamping, film density, pinhole density, and etchability. The discussion then moves to the application of LPCVD and PECVD in microstructures. A few typical examples will be presented for functional layers: films for membranes, cantilevers, etc in mono- and heterostructures, or ion sensitive films including passivation films as used in many sensors (e.g., microphones) and actuators (e.g., micromotors), especially such as fabricated by surface micromachining. Some room is also given to SiC, a new micromechanical material. A summary and weighting of the two CVD techniques is given.",
"corpus_id": 109606657,
"score": 2,
"title": "LPCVD against PECVD for micromechanical applications"
} |
{
"abstract": null,
"corpus_id": 15603422,
"title": "Explorer Modeling Local Coherence : An Entity-Based Approach"
} | {
"abstract": "We introduce a model of coherence which captures the intentional discourse structure in text. Our work is based on the hypothesis that syntax provides a proxy for the communicative goal of a sentence and therefore the sequence of sentences in a coherent discourse should exhibit detectable structural patterns. Results show that our method has high discriminating power for separating out coherent and incoherent news articles reaching accuracies of up to 90%. We also show that our syntactic patterns are correlated with manual annotations of intentional structure for academic conference articles and can successfully predict the coherence of abstract, introduction and related work sections of these articles.",
"corpus_id": 11609990,
"title": "A Coherence Model Based on Syntactic Patterns"
} | {
"abstract": "Human joint impedance describes the dynamic relationship between perturbation induced change in position and the resulting response torque. Understanding the natural regulation of ankle impedance during locomotion is necessary to discern how humans interact with their environments, and provide a foundation for the design of biomimetic assistive devices and their control systems. This paper estimates ankle impedance during terminal stance phase of walking using a parametric model consisting of stiffness, damping, and inertia. The model accurately described ankle torque, accounting for 90% ± 7.7% of the variance. Stiffness was found to decrease from 3.7 to 2.1 Nm/rad/kg between 75% and 85% stance. Quasi-stiffness-the slope of the ankle's torque-angle curve-showed a similar decreasing trend but was significantly larger at the onset of terminal stance phase. The damping component of impedance was constant during terminal stance phase, and was increased relative to values previously reported during early and mid-stance phases, indicating an increase in damping in preparation for toe-off. Inertia estimates were consistent with previously reported inertia values for the human ankle. This paper bridges a gap in our understanding of ankle impedance during walking, and provides new insight into how ankle impedance is regulated during regions when substantial mechanical energy is added.",
"corpus_id": 21235108,
"score": -1,
"title": "Mechanical Impedance of the Ankle During the Terminal Stance Phase of Walking"
} |
{
"abstract": "Valence tautomerism (VT) defines reversible interconversions between two or more redox isomers. It is established that these interconversions can be stimulated by temperature and light irradiation. For example, the diamagnetic [Co(Me2tpa)(DBCat)]PF6·C6H5CH3 complex (1) (Me2tpa = bis(6-methyl-(2-pyridylmethyl)) (2-pyridylmethyl)amine, DBCat = 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholato) was found to undergo a thermally induced interconversion in the solid state yielding the redox isomer characterized by the high-spin Co-semiquinonato (hs-Co-SQ) charge distribution (see Scheme 1). 3] The observed transition can be formally described as the result of an entropy-driven intramolecular electron transfer involving the donor catecholato and the cobalt(III) acceptor. At cryogenic temperatures, laser irradiation of the solid compound at 904 nm, where a ligand-tometal charge transfer (LMCT) occurs, was found by bulk magnetic measurements to induce the same process, affording the hs-Co-semiquinonato species as a metastable phase in 90% yield with a rather long lifetime (two weeks at 9 K). Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an elementsensitive synchrotron-based technique and provides a powerful tool to study the electronic and chemical structure of a specific atom and its coordination environment. It is particularly powerful in the magnetic study of 3d metal complexes. With the additional asset of very high detection sensitivity, XAS has been effectively used in the characterization of systems with multiple quasi degenerated electronic states, including very diluted and nanostructured systems. We have found that for 1 this technique not only yields this important information, but also intrinsically provides the perturbation for inducing interconversion between the two redox isomers. This is an unprecedented result and we believe it to be particularly important for the study of all the complexes exhibiting photochromism. Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of the cobalt L3-edge X-ray absorption spectra of 1 (the L2,3 spectra are shown in Figure S1 of the Supporting Information). The spectra were obtained with a X-ray flux of 10 photons s 1 on Scheme 1. The two different electronic configurations involved in VT process.",
"corpus_id": 1052310,
"title": "Soft-X-ray-induced redox isomerism in a cobalt dioxolene complex."
} | {
"abstract": "The role of the cobalt ion in the entropy- and optically-driven valence tautomeric (VT) interconversion exhibited by the [Co(Me(2)tpa)(DTBdiox)](PF(6))C(6)H(5)CH(3) complex (Me(2)tpa = bis (6-methyl-(2-pyridylmethyl))(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, DBdiox = 3,5-ditertbutyl-dioxolene) is established by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of the pre-edge features at 6 and 300 K in the Co K-edge XAS spectra using a ligand field multiplet approach allows us to obtain detailed information on the electronic structures of the metal ion in the two redox isomers. The temperature dependence of the spectra confirms the occurrence of a thermally induced VT transition and suggests that nucleation and distortion of the phase boundaries take place during the process. Moreover, optically induced metastable state formation is monitored at low temperatures--with a high degree of reproducibility--without changing the position of measurement on the sample during the experiment. This result paves the way for the use of such a highly sensitive technique for the investigation of photoswitchable materials in non-crystalline and nanostructured environments.",
"corpus_id": 24836201,
"title": "X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of photo- and thermally induced valence tautomeric transition in a 1:1 cobalt-dioxolene complex."
} | {
"abstract": "Combined star (Y)–delta (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Delta )$ </tex-math></inline-formula> windings suffer from undesirable circulating currents resulting in increased winding losses and saturation, leading to demagnetization in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The main causes for these currents are the induced voltage harmonics from the winding configuration and rotor saliency. Thus, this article presents a novel coupled winding function and magnetic circuit model to accurately model the winding harmonics and rotor saliency in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> wound PMSMs. Unlike existing winding harmonic analysis methods, such as winding factor approach and star of slots, the developed winding function incorporates the effect of winding asymmetry. Although asymmetrical <inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$Y$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\Delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> windings suffer from higher circulating currents, such configurations result in higher torque, efficiency, and reduced torque ripple when compared to conventional symmetrical windings. Therefore, using the proposed magnetic circuit model incorporating rotor saliency, an interior PMSM (IPMSM) rotor structure is developed for reduced circulating currents without compromising the traction performance. Experimental results are presented to highlight reduced circulating currents in terms of induced voltage harmonics and machine saliency and to illustrate its effect on the machine’s superior traction performance capability such as improved rated torque, efficiency, and reduced torque ripple, winding losses, and magnetic saturation.",
"corpus_id": 240473975,
"score": 1,
"title": "Coupled Magnetic Circuit-Based Design of an IPMSM for Reduction of Circulating Currents in Asymmetrical Star–Delta Windings"
} |
{
"abstract": "1. Abstract In the past few decades plastic layout optimization methods have been largely ignored in favour of those based upon elastic design principles. However, when multiple load cases are present elastic methods are generally computationally expensive and/or are prone to finding local optima. Therefore, they may not at present provide a suitable basis for practical truss layout optimization software, capable of treating real-world scale problems. In fact long computation times have impeded the development of truss layout optimization tools, both plastic and elastic. This is because, when using a fully connected ground structure, problem size quickly increases with increasing numbers of nodes in the design domain. Hence available memory can quickly become exhausted, preventing optimization even when using comparatively simple plastic problem formulations. Recently the authors presented a technique that allows large-scale plastic layout optimization to be performed on a typical desktop PC. Through the use of an iterative ‘member-adding’ algorithm, CPU times and memory requirements may be dramatically reduced, allowing problems containing up to approx. 1,000,000,000 potential members to be tackled. This paper extends the method so as to be capable of treating 3D problems with multiple load cases. Furthermore, in order to provide more realistic optimum structures, member self-weight and joint length penalties can also be included. Example problems demonstrate that the new algorithm is capable of optimizing structures with many millions of potential members, whilst still providing provably optimum solutions.",
"corpus_id": 350260,
"title": "Plastic Layout Optimization of Large-Scale Frameworks Subject to Multiple Load Cases , Member Self-Weight and with Joint Length Penalties"
} | {
"abstract": "Computerized layout (or “topology”) optimization was pioneered almost four decades back. However, despite dramatic increases in available computer power and the application of increasingly efficient optimization algorithms, even now only relatively modest sized problems can be tackled using the traditional “ground structure” approach. This is because of the need, in general, for the latter to contain every conceivable member connecting together the nodes in a problem. A simple, but effective solution method capable of tackling problems with large numbers of potential members (e.g. >100,000,000) is presented. Though the method draws on the linear programming technique of “column generation”, since layout optimization specific heuristics are employed it is presented as an iterative “member adding” method. The method requires a ground structure with minimal connectivity to be used in the first iteration; members are then added as required in subsequent iterations until the (provably) optimal solution is found.",
"corpus_id": 120617342,
"title": "Layout optimization of large‐scale pin‐jointed frames"
} | {
"abstract": "Relative to other developmental periods, adolescence is characterized by risky decision making, increased perceived stress and heightened reactivity to acute stress. It is also during this time that individuals undergo significant neurodevelopment in brain regions that process decision making and stress. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about stress during adolescence, how it impacts risky decision-making, and how acute stress may exert neurobiological effects on circuitry that subserves decision-making in the developing brain. We conclude by suggesting future research directions that may help the field gain traction on this important, but relatively understudied, question.",
"corpus_id": 22491642,
"score": 0,
"title": "The neurobiological effects of stress on adolescent decision making"
} |
{
"abstract": "Mineralocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid effector mechanism were determined in mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from normal subjects. The hierarchy of affinities of competitors for the receptor was similar to that described in other non-classical target tissues for aldosterone. In spite of the relative high affinity of cortisol for the receptor, these binding sites are occupied in vivo by aldosterone and play a mineralocorticoid effect in terms of electrolyte content of the cells. The effect of aldosterone is to prevent the loss of electrolytes due to incubation in medium alone and this action is reversed by addition of actinomycin D. In addition, the incubation of the MNL with aldosterone plus human alpha ANP leads to complete block of the action of aldosterone alone. This effect is not mediated by binding of alpha ANP to mineralocorticoid receptors but is probably related to a some postereceptorial effect of aldosterone at the level of plasma membrane. We conclude that the model of MNL is a good tool for studying mineralocorticoid receptors regulation and consequent effector mechanism in humans.",
"corpus_id": 2599,
"title": "Mineralocorticoid effector mechanism in human mononuclear leukocytes."
} | {
"abstract": "The sections in this article are: \n \n \n1 \nIn Vivo Versus in Vitro Glucocorticoids \n \n2 \nNatural Versus Synthetic Glucocorticoids \n2.1 \nCorticosteroid Receptor Subtypes \n \n2.2 \nCorticosteroid-Binding Globulin \n \n \n \n \n3 \nPhysiological Versus Nonphysiological Concentrations of Glucocorticoids \n \n4 \nFactors Regulating Immune Cell Exposure to Glucocorticoids \n4.1 \nFactors in the Absence of Immune Challenge \n \n4.2 \nFactors in the Presence of Immune Challenge \n \n \n \n \n5 \nDirect Effects of Glucocorticoids on Immune Cells \n5.1 \nMolecular Features of Intracellular Glucocorticoid Receptors \n \n5.2 \nRegulatory Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Expression of Immunologically Important Genes \n \n5.3 \nPossible Alternative Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Action \n \n \n \n \n6 \nStrategies for Assessing the Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System Function \n6.1 \nCircadian Studies \n \n6.2 \nStress Studies \n \n6.3 \nIn Vivo Secretagogue Stimulation Studies \n \n6.4 \nAdrenalectomy and Glucocorticoid Replacement Studies \n \n6.5 \nOther More Selective Manipulations of Glucocorticoid Action \n \n \n \n \n7 \nGlucocorticoid Effects on Immune Subsystems \n7.1 \nImmune Cell Maturation, Differentiation, and Turnover \n \n7.2 \nImmune Cell Trafficking \n \n7.3 \nInflammation \n \n7.4 \nSeptic Shock \n \n7.5 \nT helper 1 and T helper 2 Response \n \n7.6 \nAntibody Production \n \n7.7 \nCytotoxicity and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity \n \n \n \n \n8 \nGeneral Models of Glucocorticoid Regulation of the Immune System \n8.1 \nCounterregulatory Role of Glucocorticoids \n \n8.2 \nRegulatory Role of Glucocorticoids \n \n8.3 \nRegulatory Role of Glucocorticoids During Stress \n \n8.4 \nBidirectional Regulatory Effects of Glucocorticoids",
"corpus_id": 83336411,
"title": "Role of Endogenous Glucocorticoids in Immune System Function: Regulation and Counterregulation"
} | {
"abstract": "T H E S E notes are concerned with a series of problems in cross-national studies of citizen participation in political decision-making. The discussion focuses on contrasts among three channels of citizen influence on decisions for the territorial collectivity : — the traditional channel, characterized by the recourse to kinship ties and local notables; — the electoral channel, characterized by the recourse to formal rights of participation and standardized rules of representation; — the organizational channel, characterized by the recourse to collective action through functional associations organized across a variety of localities within the national or federal territory.",
"corpus_id": 145375256,
"score": 0,
"title": "Mass Suffrage, Secret Voting and Political Participation"
} |
{
"abstract": "Today, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is performed to treat dystonia in children as young as 7 years of age (Roubertie et al., 2000). For a variety of reasons, timely intervention in childhood dystonia is important: (1) to prevent irreversible damage, (2) to obtain optimal treatment outcomes, since severity and duration of the disease are negative prognostic factors for successful DBS treatment, and (3) to prevent long-term social costs due to social isolation (Isaias et al., 2008; Mehrkens et al., 2009; Clausen, 2010). Individual cases of DBS for neuropsychiatric disorders in adolescents have been published over the last 3 years (e.g., Shaded et al., 2007). Considering the investigational nature of DBS for psychiatric disorders, this is unsettling to say the least. \n \nA group of experts recently proposed guidelines for the use of DBS for disorders of mood, behavior and thought (Rabins et al., 2009). Due to the investigational nature of DBS for psychiatric disorders, they defend the position that, at present, DBS for mood, behavior and thought disorders should be reserved for adults. However, they also put forward that “if DBS is found to be safe and effective for adults, then it might be appropriate to investigate its benefits for a younger population with severe, treatment-refractory symptoms” (p. 933). Their opinion is quite different from the statement made by another group of experts on the use of DBS for Tourette syndrome (TS) in children (Mink et al., 2006). They argue that patients should be at least 25 years old, with rare potential exceptions involving younger patients. Bloch and Leckman (2009) similarly claim that “invasive interventions for TS such as DBS and neurosurgery are strongly discouraged until well into adulthood, even for patients with impairing tics” (p. 499). \n \nIs it ethical to categorically exclude children and adolescent patients from receiving DBS for treatment-refractory disorders such as TS? If clear scientific criteria exist why specific pediatric disorders need to be excluded, then yes. However, if no such criteria exist for a given disorder, then surely it is unethical to categorically exclude children and adolescent patients from receiving the only treatment available that could dramatically increase their quality of life. Experts that oppose the use of DBS for pediatric TS (Mink et al., 2006; Porta et al., 2009) defend their position based upon the nature of childhood TS. According to a recent review, by early adulthood, approximately three quarters of children with TS will have greatly diminished tics and more than one-third will be tic free (Bloch and Leckman, 2009). A recent follow-up study on childhood and adolescent OCD found that 60% of children and adolescents did not have a full clinical disorder at follow-up, and two-thirds of participants rated themselves as much improved (Micali et al., 2010). According to the authors, many young people adapt to their illness and can lead a fairly normal life despite their symptoms. These are indeed important findings that highlight the exceptional caution that is needed when considering pediatric DBS for disorders that may spontaneously disappear or become subclinical over time. However, do they warrant the categorical exclusion of child patients? As Mink et al. (2006) themselves put forward: “Remission of tics may occur in the third decade of life in up to 50% of patients, but to date, there are no prognostic features that predict which patients will have a remission in their symptoms”(p.1832), and according to experts, the situation remains the same today. Which means that we do not possess clear scientific criteria to warrant the categorical exclusion of all child patients. \n \nChildren with severe treatment-refractory diseases are an extremely vulnerable group, and they should not be exposed to an invasive intervention like DBS unless successful treatment outcomes have been established in adults. However, if treatment success for neurological or psychiatric disorders is established in adults, and provided no clear scientific criteria exist to categorically exclude minors, then children and adolescents can be involved in small-scale, early-phase studies provided these are done in research centers. Children with treatment-refractory disorders should not be categorically excluded from receiving DBS treatment, and this holds for any disorder for which treatment success has been established in adults and for which no clear scientific criteria exist that warrant their exclusion. Moreover, it is crucial that the decision-making process is a shared process between the child patient, the medical experts and the parents or parental guardians to maximally protect the vulnerable child patient. The decision-making process should involve a dual consent procedure with parents giving informed consent and children giving explicit assent. Medical experts should not start treatment in those cases where the only benefit to incur would be relief of caregiver burden. Unless clear scientific data can show that a child patient would benefit by receiving DBS treatment and would be harmed if not given treatment (e.g., cases of severe childhood dystonia), DBS treatment should not be performed if the child patient dissents. If successful, timely DBS treatment for dystonia benefits both the child patient (by preventing irreversible harm and long-term social costs due to social isolation, and providing optimal treatment outcomes) and the caregiver. Hence, we have strong reasons to consider DBS treatment in a timely fashion, and potentially even in those cases where the child patient dissents. This is not so for certain other disorders. If DBS treatment is performed for childhood TS or OCD that might have spontaneously remitted or become subclinical with time, then the dissenting child patient is harmed because an unnecessary invasive procedure was forced upon him/her, and the only benefit that occurred is a third-party benefit (i.e., caregiver relief). In fact, treatment compliance is a patient selection requirement according to the Italian DBS group treating TS (Porta et al., 2009). Indeed, it is crucial that the decision-making procedure is a shared process between child patients, medical experts and parents: (a) to ensure the best possible care and support during the treatment process, (b) to preserve family intimacy, and (c) to stimulate children's development of autonomy.",
"corpus_id": 1226461,
"title": "Pediatric Deep Brain Stimulation: A Cautionary Approach"
} | {
"abstract": "Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be a successful therapeutic approach in several patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Hitherto its application was mainly restricted to advanced disease patients resistant to medication or with severe treatment side effects. However, there is now growing interest in earlier application of DBS, aimed at improving clinical outcomes, quality of life, and avoiding psychosocial consequences of chronic disease-related impairments. We address the clinical and ethical aspects of two \"early\" uses of DBS, (1) DBS early in the course of the disease, and (2) DBS early in life (i.e. in children). Possible benefits, risks and burdens are discussed and thoroughly considered. Further research is needed to obtain a careful balance between exposing vulnerable patients to potential severe surgical risks and excluding them from a potentially good outcome.",
"corpus_id": 22831432,
"title": "Early application of deep brain stimulation: Clinical and ethical aspects"
} | {
"abstract": "Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) and epilepsies are heterogeneous disorders that have diverse etiologies and pathophysiologies. The high rate of co‐occurrence of these disorders, however, suggests potentially shared underlying mechanisms. A number of well‐known genetic disorders share epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism as prominent phenotypic features, including tuberous sclerosis complex, Rett syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. In addition, mutations of several genes involved in neurodevelopment, including ARX, DCX, neuroligins, and neuropilin 2 have been identified in children with epilepsy, IDDs, ASDs, or a combination of thereof. Finally, in animal models, early life seizures can result in cellular and molecular changes that could contribute to learning and behavioral disabilities. Increased understanding of the common genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of IDDs, ASDs, and epilepsy may provide insight into their underlying pathophysiology and elucidate new therapeutic approaches for these conditions.",
"corpus_id": 853065,
"score": 1,
"title": "Molecular mechanisms of cognitive and behavioral comorbidities of epilepsy in children"
} |
{
"abstract": "The degree to which individual practitioners overlap exposure spots of the flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser when treating large vascular lesions appears to be a matter of personal preference. There are few data to support one approach over another. We have measured the beam profile of this laser at two different energy fluences using a photodiode and a digitizing storage oscilloscope. Results show that for each energy fluence, the beam intensity decreases from the center to the outside rim of the beam. A plot of beam intensity versus the radius of the treatment field approaches a truncated normal distribution with a full width at half‐maximum of 4.7–4.8 mm. These results help explain why clinical overlap of exposure spots can be safely undertaken and provide a rationale for recommendations concerning the degree of overlap needed to expedite treatment while still minimizing adverse reactions. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.",
"corpus_id": 371120,
"title": "Beam profile of the flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser: Support for overlap of exposure spots"
} | {
"abstract": "Thirty consecutive female patients with red leg telangiectasia less than 0.2 mm in diameter were treated with a Candela SPTL-1 Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) tuned to 585 nm with a pulse duration of 450 microseconds at energies ranging from 6.0 to 8.5 J/cm2 delivered through a 5-mm spot size to the entire length of the telangiectasia. Seven patients with 25 patches of telangiectatic matting after previous sclerotherapy were also treated. Twenty-seven patients with symmetrical telangiectatic patches or a large \"starburst\" telangiectatic flair that could be divided into two separate treatment sites were treated at one site with PDL alone, and at the other site with a combination of PDL followed immediately by sclerotherapy (SCL) with Polidocanol 0.1-0.25 ml per injection site at a concentration of either 0.25%, 0.5%, or 0.75%. PDL treatment is efficacious for both essential telangiectasia and vessels that arise through the phenomena of telangiectatic matting. Sixty-five percent of vessels are completely faded with treatment. PDL alone has a remarkably low incidence of adverse sequelae. Treatment is most efficacious if all vessels larger than 0.2 mm in diameter, especially varicose and reticular feeding veins, are treated first. Treatment results are not affected by vessel location. And post-treatment compression of this type of vessel appears unnecessary. Combination PDL/SCL treatment appears to offer no advantage to sclerotherapy treatment alone and has a significant degree of complications when treatment is limited to red telangiectasia less than 0.2 mm in diameter with the laser parameters utilized.",
"corpus_id": 1845958,
"title": "Pulsed-dye laser treatment of leg telangiectasia: with and without simultaneous sclerotherapy."
} | {
"abstract": "The port-wine stain (PWS) has always been a difficult lesion to treat cosmetically. Laser surgery has proved to be a beneficial mode of therapy. Histology after argon laser surgery in successfully treated lesions is remarkable for blood vessels relatively free of erythrocytes. Our preliminary histologic findings in lesions successfully treated with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser surgery revealed similar results, although the mechanisms may be different.",
"corpus_id": 4870756,
"score": 2,
"title": "Histology of port-wine stain treated with carbon dioxide laser. A preliminary report."
} |
{
"abstract": "Eagle syndrome was first described by Eagle in 1937. It is associated with an elongated styloid process and/or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, mainly resulting in pain in the orofacial region. The treatment of Eagle syndrome includes conservative treatment with physical therapy supported by medication, or surgical removal of the styloid process. Two different surgical approaches are described in the literature: the transoral and transcervical approaches. Both have their limitations and specific intraoperative risks. A modification of the transcervical approach that adds an extra security measure to the treatment of complex cases of Eagle syndrome is presented herein. The styloid process was removed by combining piezoelectric surgery, preoperative digital planning, and surgical navigation. No complication was noted, and the patient recovered quickly after surgery. A follow-up visit 2 months later showed no remaining symptoms of Eagle syndrome on the treated side. Therefore, digital planning and surgical navigation could add valuable safety measures to the treatment of complex cases of Eagle syndrome.",
"corpus_id": 3747181,
"title": "Piezoelectric surgery and navigation: a safe approach for complex cases of Eagle syndrome."
} | {
"abstract": "Painful disorders in the maxillofacial region are common in dental practice. Most of these conditions are not properly diagnosed because of inadequate knowledge of craniofacial and cervico-pharyngeal syndromes such as Eagle Syndrome. The aim of this review is to describe the general aspects, diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome. Eagle syndrome or stylohyoid syndrome was first described by Watt W. Eagle in 1937. It was defined as orofacial pain related to the elongation of the styloid process and ligament stylohyoid calcification. The condition is accompanied by symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, sore throat, glossitis, earache, tonsillitis, facial pain, headache, pain in the temporomandibular joint and inability to perform lateral movements of the neck. Diagnosis and treatment of Eagle syndrome based on symptoms and radiographic examination of the patient will determine the need for surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Eagle syndrome is a complex disorder demanding a thorough knowledge of its signs and symptoms to make a correct diagnosis and provide an appropriate subsequent treatment. Disseminating information about this syndrome among medical-dental professionals is essential to provide adequate dental care to patients.",
"corpus_id": 56125869,
"title": "Eagle syndrome. A narrative review."
} | {
"abstract": "Purpose The purpose of this study is to present an alternative method to the extraoral surgical approach to remove the elongated styloid process, the intraoral surgical approach, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. A literature review is also presented.Patients and methodsA casuistic of intraoral surgical approach to remove the elongated styloid process is presented in five patients.ResultsFour patients experienced postoperative moderate pain and trismus for 1 week. Bilateral surgery in one patient caused severe trismus, great discomfort, and moderate difficulty in breathing. All were followed up for 6 months and showed complete relief of the oral pharyngeal symptoms and complete improvement in functional ability.DiscussionThe advantages of the external approach are good visualization and reduced possibility of deep neck space infection. The disadvantages are an external scar, longer duration of surgery, and risk of injury to the facial nerve. The advantages of the intraoral approach are that the method is safe, simple, and less time consuming and an external scar is avoided. The disadvantages are possible infection of deep neck spaces, risk of injury to major vessels, and poor visualization.ConclusionsIntraoral resection of the styloid process is a safe treatment technique of Eagle’s syndrome. It is not recommended the bilateral intervention at the same surgery, because of possible great discomfort at postoperative time.",
"corpus_id": 22618625,
"score": 2,
"title": "An intraoral surgical approach to the styloid process in Eagle’s syndrome"
} |
{
"abstract": "The acute toxicity of six metals [Hg, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr(II), and Cr(VI)] to Daphnia magna neonates was evaluated using three different test media (Elendt M7, a complex medium containing EDTA; ASTM hard water and EEC, two simple media free of chelators). The EC50 values, at both 24 and 48 h, obtained for Zn, Cr(II), and Cr(VI) were similar in all of the media tested. Hg was more toxic in ASTM than in M7 and in EEC media. The toxicity of Cd and Cu was similar in ASTM and EEC media and higher when evaluated in M7 medium. Thus, M7 should be used only carefully for the toxicity evaluation of mixtures and effluents containing metals. It is recommended, however, that it be excluded from use in tests evaluating samples of unknown composition, or those known to contain Cu and Cd. For the metals tested in this study, a factor of five applied to each 48-h EC50 would be sufficient in order to attain the respective acute NOECs for immobility.",
"corpus_id": 26457,
"title": "Suitability of test media containing EDTA for the evaluation of acute metal toxicity to Daphnia magna straus."
} | {
"abstract": "Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is an important antioxidant enzyme that protects aerobic organisms against oxidative damage by degrading hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water. Catalase mRNAs have been cloned from many species and employed as useful biomarkers of oxidative stress. In the present study, we cloned the cDNA from the catalase gene in Daphnia magna, analyzed its catalytic properties, and investigated mRNA expression patterns after the exposure to known oxidative stressors. The catalase proximal heme-ligand signature sequence, FDRERISERVVHAKGSGA, and the proximal active site signature, RLFSYTDTH, are highly conserved. The variation of catalase mRNA expression in D. magna was quantified by real-time PCR, and the results indicated that catalase expression was up-regulated after exposure to UV-B light or cadmium (Cd). The activity of catalase enzyme also showed a similar increasing pattern when exposed to these model stressors. The full-length catalase cDNA of D. magna was cloned using mixed primers by the method of 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. The cDNA sequence consists of 1515 nucleotides, encoding 504 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of D. magna shared 73%, 72%, 71% and 70% identity with that of Chlamys farreri, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Litopenaeus vannamei and Anopheles gambiae, respectively. This study shows that the catalase mRNA from D. magna could be successfully employed as a biomarker of oxidative stress, which is a common mode of toxicity for many water contaminants.",
"corpus_id": 3478727,
"title": "Molecular cloning of Daphnia magna catalase and its biomarker potential against oxidative stresses."
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The influence of the composition of two synthetic media on the sensitivity of Daphnia magna to 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) has been tested in parallel. The two media differed in their content of trace elements. Medium M6 had only one-tenth of the trace element content of medium M4. The two media yielded similar results. The NOECs for the reproduction of live neonates, the most sensitive indicator of toxicant stress, were 6 μg/l 3,4-DCA. The development of parthenogenetic eggs and embryos was affected by the toxicant at concentrations ⩾12 μ g/1. It may be concluded that the trace element content of medium M4 does not exert a stress on Daphnia , this having an influence on the toxicity of 3,4-DCA. The results are in line with earlier experiments by the author using similar experimental conditions. This reflects a good reproducibility of results of chronic toxicity tests in a synthetic medium.",
"corpus_id": 97368518,
"score": 2,
"title": "Influence of water composition on the chronic toxicity of 3,4-dichloroaniline to Daphnia magna"
} |
{
"abstract": "We have investigated the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by using in situ hybridization on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seronegative regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects. The cells were hybridized with a 9 kilobase (kb) Sstl‐Sstl lambda BH 10 probe, which was able to recognize both viral mRNA and proviral cDNA. Labeling was done by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and was visualized by a double‐antibody immunohistochemical reaction. In all the subjects studied, the HIV genome was present. The HIV infected cells showed morphological aspects consistent with that of lymphocytes and monocytes. Our data suggest that the anti‐HIV seronegative individuals who are regular sexual partners of HIV‐infected subjects may be HIV‐infected.",
"corpus_id": 520285,
"title": "Hiv genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seronegative regular sexual partners of hiv‐infected subjects"
} | {
"abstract": "In order to determine the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of human white blood cells and different forms of HBV‐associated liver diseases, we tested for HBV DNA in the sera and leukocytes of 11 healthy individuals without any serological markers of HBV infection and 91 patients with HBV infection and other gastrointestinal and urinary diseases by dot and Southern blot hybridization. HBV DNA was found in leukocytes of chronic HBV carriers, in acute and chronic hepatitis, and in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Between 27 and 50% of individuals in different categories of patients examined were positive for leukocyte HBV DNA. HBV DNA was also detected in the sera of some of these patients but was absent in others. Serum HBV DNA‐positive rates seemed to be highest in hepatitis B e antigen‐positive asymptomatic carriers (8/10, 80%), and tended to drop to lower levels as the disease progressed to liver cirrhosis (0/8) while leukocyte HBV DNA‐positive rates were highest in patients with cirrhosis (4/8, 50%). The results also show that in individuals who were serologically negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive for antibodies to HBsAg and/or HBcAg, HBV DNA was absent in most of the sera (27/28, 96%) but it was present in leukocytes of some of these patients (7/28, 25%). In control experiments with 11 healthy individuals, HBV DNA was not detected in either sera or leukocytes. In all the cases with leukocyte HBV DNA, the HBV DNA molecules were present in free forms with discrete sizes. The exceptions were a case of liver cirrhosis and a case of chronic hepatitis with possible HBV sequence integration into high molecular weight cellular DNA. Since HBV does infect human leukocytes, it may perhaps interfere with the immunological functions of the white blood cells, and thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV‐induced liver disease.",
"corpus_id": 13173084,
"title": "Hepatitis B virus DNA in leukocytes of patients with hepatitis B virus‐associated liver diseases"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract The progressive liver damage of active chronic hepatitis is due, it is postulated, to an autoimmune reaction directed against an hepatocyte surface lipoprotein which is initiated in most cases by a hepatitis-B-virus infection. T cells recognising viral determinants activate B cells responsive to the lipoprotein antigen, and where virus infection persists because of a defect in the antibody response to HBAg the autoimmune response is continuously activated. In contrast, in the HBAg-negative group the virus is eliminated normally and the autoimmune reaction persists because of a defect in the suppressor effect of T cells on B cell activity. A genetic marker of this defect may be the histocompatibility antigen HL-A8 which is found in an increased frequency only in the HBAg-negative cases. Correcting the basic defects by specific immunotherapy is a possibility for the future.",
"corpus_id": 30184223,
"score": 2,
"title": "Inadequate antibody response to HBAg or suppressor T-cell defect in development of active chronic hepatitis."
} |
{
"abstract": "A 17-year-old male presented for dermatologic consultation with slightly elevated reddish papules covered by yellowish scales in the scalp for the last two years and reddish and indurated ulcers in the perineum lasting six months. Additional complaints included polyuria, polydipsia, delay in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and hearing loss of the right ear secondary to a medium otitis. Lesions from scalp and perineum were sampled for histopathologic examination and revealed a dense cellular infiltrate made up of mononuclear cells with conspicuous eosinophilic cytoplasm and large cleaved vesicular nucleus, some of them with shapes resembling the format of a kidney and others reminiscent of coffee beans. Numerous intermingling eosinophils were present. The diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was then rendered and confirmed by positive immunostaining of neo-plastic cells for anti-CD1a and anti-S100 protein antibodies. The work-up revealed diabetes insipidus, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hiperprolactenemia, growing-hormone deficiency and thickness of the pituitary stalk. The patient was treated with prednisone and vinblastin based chemotherapy regimen for six months with complete remission, but presented recurrence of some lesions in the scalp, which were handled with topical mustard and corticosteroids. After chemotherapy, the endocrinologic disturbances were corrected with hormonal replacement therapy. The patient is currently in good health with a follow-up of five years.",
"corpus_id": 549721,
"title": "Langerhans cell histiocytosis – a case report"
} | {
"abstract": "Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, clonal disease of the monocyte-macrophage system, varying in its clinical presentation from mere self-healing skin and bone lesions to life-threatening multi-system disease. In descending order of frequency, the disease is known to involve the skeleton, skin, lymph nodes and lesser often, the liver, spleen, lungs, hematopoietic and central nervous systems. Here, we present a pediatric case of multi-system LCH in a five-year-old child, unique in its evident cardiac and renal involvement alongside other organ systems and important in how the diagnosis was aided by a fine needle aspiration cytology instead of the costlier histopathological procedures, in a setting with limited resources.",
"corpus_id": 109543498,
"title": "Infiltrating the Heart and Kidney: A Rare Pediatric Case of Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis from Pakistan"
} | {
"abstract": "Meeting the growing needs of consumers in quality food products with dietary and high palatability is possible by increasing the production of capon meat (gonadectomy roosters). The purpose of the work is to study the fractional composition of blood plasma proteins, average daily body weight gains, slaughter rates and the quality of meat of Adler silver roosters after gonadectomy. It has been shown that the blood plasma of the Adler silver cocks contains more than 20 different protein fractions, the molecular weight of which is in the range from 17 to 260 kDa. After gonadectomy, the content of proteins with low molecular weights (fractions D, H, L, P) in the blood plasma of roosters decreased, the level of individual high-molecular proteins (fractions C and E) increased, and the remaining fractions did not change compared to the control. It was found that the body weight of gonadectomized roosters on the 185th day of the experiment was 6.4% higher than in the control group, as well as the average daily body weight gain, which was on average 8% higher than that of the control group roosters. The weight of half-gutted and gutted carcasses after slaughter of gonadectomy roosters was higher than in the control by 7.5 and 9.0%, respectively, and the heart, liver and muscular stomach did not change. An increase in the number of microbial cells by 57.1% in smears-imprints of the pectoral muscle and by 68.4% in the muscles of the thigh of gonadectomy roosters after four days of storage of carcasses compared with the control was established. Other indicators of microbial contamination of the pectoral and thigh muscles of gonadectomy roosters, as well as the pH of the water extract and the amount of MAPAM did not exceed their value in the birds of the control group and met the requirements. In samples of the pectoral muscle and thigh muscle of gonadoectomized and roosters of the control group, the reaction to peroxidase was positive, and CGB, pathogens of salmonellosis, listeriosis and coagulopositive staphylococci were not isolated.",
"corpus_id": 253537325,
"score": 1,
"title": "FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS, MICROBIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF MUSCLES AND SLAUGHTER QUALITIES OF GONADOECTOMY ROOSTERS"
} |
{
"abstract": "Abstract Primary Eurostat data of EU imports of agricultural products from selected southern hemisphere countries—namely, South Africa, Argentina, Chile, Australia and New Zealand -was used to compare the exports from those countries to the EU for the period 1988 to 2000. The study starts with a general overview of the total and agricultural export performance of these selected countries in a global context and their specialization indexes for food. This is followed by a comparison of the total value, total mass and value per tonne of agricultural exports to the EU and of their exploitation of seasonal differences with the northern hemisphere in terms of relative emphasis on particular product groups and value/mass ratios of their major products. Comparison is made of the impact of their location relative to EU ports in terms of transport cost and duration of trips and the efficiency of their own ports. The conclusions reached is that in order to remain competitive, South Africa will have to add value to carefully selected non-seasonal products. Seasonal production will have to expand with a sharper focus on market windows becoming narrower due to research and development conducted by both northern and southern hemisphere competitors. The overview motivates an even more aggressive research and development (R&D) programme by South African agriculture and food industries in order to remain competitive on export markets, especially given the rapidly changing environment. For example, the introduction of much faster ships which will decrease South Africa's present advantage of having the shortest distance to the EU among the other southern hemisphere competitors.",
"corpus_id": 154475288,
"title": "A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THOSE OF OTHER SELECTED SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE COUNTRIES"
} | {
"abstract": "During 1997 research was conducted on trends in factors that affect the supply and demand for airfreight space for fynbos exports from South Africa. The aim was to sensitise decision-makers to probable trends in those factors that will shape cargo space availability. The main finding was that the supply of airfreight to South African producers is aggravated by the unbalanced availability of cargo space on southbound and northbound trips originating from Cape Town. If the price and quantity of cargo space were determined by supply and demand, an imbalance couldn’t arise in a perfect market, as prices would balance cargo space supplied and demanded. However, airfreight tariffs are rigid per weight level. The result is that items with a higher mass per volume unit represent a higher income per palette, and are therefore preferred by export agents. This finding has implications for future growth in the industry.",
"corpus_id": 155032645,
"title": "FYNBOS EXPORTS FROM THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE: A PROBLEM OF LOGISTICS"
} | {
"abstract": "We tested direct and indirect measures of benthic metabolism as indicators of stream ecosystem health across a known agricultural land-use disturbance gradient in southeast Queensland, Australia. Gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R24) in benthic chambers in cobble and sediment habitats, algal biomass (as chlorophyll a) from cobbles and sediment cores, algal biomass accrual on artificial substrates and stable carbon isotope ratios of aquatic plants and benthic sediments were measured at 53 stream sites, ranging from undisturbed subtropical rainforest to catchments where improved pasture and intensive cropping are major land-uses. Rates of benthic GPP and R24 varied by more than two orders of magnitude across the study gradient. Generalised linear regression modelling explained 80% or more of the variation in these two indicators when sediment and cobble substrate dominated sites were considered separately, and both catchment and reach scale descriptors of the disturbance gradient were important in explaining this variation. Model fits were poor for net daily benthic metabolism (NDM) and production to respiration ratio (P/R). Algal biomass accrual on artificial substrate and stable carbon isotope ratios of aquatic plants and benthic sediment were the best of the indirect indicators, with regression model R2 values of 50% or greater. Model fits were poor for algal biomass on natural substrates for cobble sites and all sites. None of these indirect measures of benthic metabolism was a good surrogate for measured GPP. Direct measures of benthic metabolism, GPP and R24, and several indirect measures were good indicators of stream ecosystem health and are recommended in assessing process-related responses to riparian and catchment land use change and the success of ecosystem rehabilitation actions.",
"corpus_id": 28233171,
"score": 1,
"title": "Benthic Metabolism as an Indicator of Stream Ecosystem Health"
} |
{
"abstract": "We present a novel matrix approach to proving that the phase shift at a turning point in a planar optical wave-guide is exactly equal to pi rather than to pi/2 or to some other value. We also show the existence of phase contributions from reflected subwaves, which to our knowledge have never been taken into account previously.",
"corpus_id": 1483027,
"title": "Phase shift at a turning point in a planar optical waveguide."
} | {
"abstract": "The Cornell potential with the best fitted parameters {alpha}{sub {ital s}} and {kappa} are modified by adding terms derived from nonperturbative QCD, which are characterized by a series of nonvanishing vacuum condensates of quarks and gluons. In terms of this potential, we study the system of heavy quarkonia. The results show that the correction caused by the additional terms reduces the deviation between the data and the values calculated with the pure Cornell potential and improves the splittings of energy levels. The achievements indicate that the nonperturbative effects induced by vacuum condensates play an important role for the correction to 1/{ital q}{sup 2}, which in general was phenomenologically put in by hand. This result would be helpful for understanding nonperturbative QCD along a parallel direction to the QCD sum rules. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}",
"corpus_id": 15217643,
"title": "Possible effects of quark and gluon condensates in heavy quarkonium spectra."
} | {
"abstract": "Waveguide mode propagation in optical waveguides containing uniaxial media is investigated. When the optical axis of each uniaxial medium lies in the plane containing the waveguide normal and the propagation direction, waveguide propagation is described by uncoupled TE and TM modes. The phenomenon of wave-front tilt is discussed and exact mode dispersion equations are derived. The experimentally convenient situation of the optic axis lying in the film plane is also analyzed. Here mode coupling between TE and TM polarizations occurs and the propagating modes are hybrid. The wave-vector components in the uniaxial media transverse to the waveguide are shown to have ordinary or extraordinary characteristics. Exact mode-dispersion equations for the hybrid modes are derived and are shown to differ substantially from the TE and TM mode approximations when the latter are near degeneracy.",
"corpus_id": 122033000,
"score": 2,
"title": "Mode dispersion in uniaxial optical waveguides"
} |
{
"abstract": "Methods for state estimation that rely on visual information are challenging on legged robots due to rapid changes in the viewing angle of onboard cameras. In this work, we show that by leveraging structure in the way that the robot locomotes, the accuracy of visual-inertial SLAM in these challenging scenarios can be increased. We present a method that takes advantage of the underlying periodic predictability often present in the motion of legged robots to improve the performance of the feature tracking module within a visual-inertial SLAM system. Our method performs multi-session SLAM on a single robot, where each session is responsible for mapping during a distinct portion of the robot's gait cycle. Our method produces lower absolute trajectory error than several state-of-the-art methods for visual-inertial SLAM in both a simulated environment and on data collected on a quadrupedal robot executing dynamic gaits. On real-world bounding gaits, our median trajectory error was less than 35% of the error of the next best estimate provided by state-of-the-art methods.",
"corpus_id": 235498330,
"title": "Periodic SLAM: Using Cyclic Constraints to Improve the Performance of Visual-Inertial SLAM on Legged Robots"
} | {
"abstract": "This letter introduces Minitaur, a dynamically running and leaping quadruped, which represents a novel class of direct-drive (DD) legged robots. We present a methodology that achieves the well-known benefits of DD robot design (transparency, mechanical robustness/efficiency, high-actuation bandwidth, and increased specific power), affording highly energetic behaviors across our family of machines despite severe limitations in specific force. We quantify DD drivetrain benefits using a variety of metrics, compare our machines' performance to previously reported legged platforms, and speculate on the potential broad-reaching value of “transparency” for legged locomotion.",
"corpus_id": 8713066,
"title": "Design Principles for a Family of Direct-Drive Legged Robots"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract : The Stanford AI Lab cart is a card-table sized mobile robot controlled remotely through a radio link, and equipped with a TV camera and transmitter. A computer has been programmed to drive the cart through cluttered indoor and outdoor spaces, gaining its knowledge of the world entirely from images broadcast by the onboard TV system. The cart uses several kinds of stereo to locate objects around it in 3D and to deduce its own motion. It plans an obstacle avoiding path to a desired destination on the basis of a model built with this information. The plan changes as the cart perceives new obstacles on its journey. The system is reliable for short runs, but slow. The cart moves one meter every ten to fifteen minutes, in lurches. After rolling a meter it stops, takes some pictures and thinks about them for a long time. Then it plans a new path, executes a little of it, and pauses again. The program has successfully driven the cart through several 20 meter indoor courses (each taking about five hours) complex enough to necessitate three or four avoiding swerves. A less successful outdoor run, in which the cart skirted two obstacles but collided with a third, was also done. Harsh lighting (very bright surfaces next to very dark shadows) giving poor pictures and movement of shadows during the cart's creeping progress were major reasons for the poorer outdoor performance. The action portions of these runs were filmed by computer controlled cameras. (Author)",
"corpus_id": 128525458,
"score": -1,
"title": "Obstacle avoidance and navigation in the real world by a seeing robot rover"
} |
{
"abstract": "Patients with malignant brain tumors are prone to complications that negatively impact their quality of life and sometimes their overall survival as well. Tumors may directly provoke seizures, hypercoagulable states with resultant venous thromboembolism, and mood and cognitive disorders. Antitumor treatments and supportive therapies also produce side effects. In this review, we discuss major aspects of supportive care for patients with malignant brain tumors, with particular attention to management of seizures, venous thromboembolism, corticosteroids and their complications, chemotherapy including bevacizumab, and fatigue, mood, and cognitive dysfunction.",
"corpus_id": 552533,
"title": "Medical management of brain tumors and the sequelae of treatment."
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nThe choice of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is complicated, and there are a lack of robust clinical trial data to date.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe NEOPLASM (Neuroncologic Patients treated with LAcoSaMide) study was a 6-month, multicenter, retrospective, observational study in patients with BTRE treated with lacosamide. Patients were started on lacosamide because of a lack of efficacy or adverse events (AEs) with prior AEDs or suitability versus other AEDs, according to clinical practice. The primary efficacy variable was the seizure-free rate at 6months. Safety variables included the proportion of patients with an AE and the proportion with an AE that led to discontinuation.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOverall, 105 patients from 14 hospital centers were included in the analysis. Treatment with lacosamide for 6months resulted in a 30.8% seizure-free rate, and 66.3% of patients had a ≥50% seizure reduction (responders). In the subset of patients included because of a lack of efficacy with prior AEDs, seizure-free rates were 28.0%, and 66.7% of patients were responders. No statistically significant differences in efficacy were observed according to the mechanism of action or enzyme-inducing properties of concomitant AEDs. Adverse events were reported by 41.9% of patients at 6months, and 4.7% of them led to discontinuation. The most common AEs were somnolence/fatigue and dizziness. Notably, 57.1% of the patients who were switched to lacosamide because of AEs with their previous therapy did not report any AE at 6-month follow-up.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn this open-label, observational study, lacosamide appeared to be effective and well tolerated in a large population of patients with BTRE. Lacosamide may therefore be a promising option for the treatment of patients with BTRE.",
"corpus_id": 3863323,
"title": "NEOPLASM study: Real-life use of lacosamide in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy"
} | {
"abstract": "The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), a complex of cerebral disorders including headache, seizures, visual disturbances, is associated with a variety of conditions in which blood pressure rises acutely. Arterial hypertension can occur in systemic administration of bevacizumab. A few cases of systemic injection of bevazicumab-induced PRES have been reported. In this article, we first report on a patient who developed PRES following intravitreal bevazicumab.",
"corpus_id": 19062901,
"score": 2,
"title": "Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patient with choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to age-related maculopathy."
} |
{
"abstract": "1. Gamma globulin metabolism and distribution were studied employing rabbit gamma globulin (RGG)I131 24 times in 13 control rabbits. Similar studies were performed before and during the ananmestic response in 4 rabbits previously sensitized with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. 2. During the ananmestic response, gamma-globulin levels increased from 1.0 to 6.0 gm/100 ml, and the gamma-globulin pool increased from 0.7 to 4.7 gm/kg. There was no change in the intravascular-extravascular partition of gamma globulin. 3. Gamma globulin degradation increased from 0.06 to 0.33 gm/kg/day during the 28 days of the immunization period while gamma globulin synthesis increased even further to average 0.47 gm/kg/day. Following the attainment of elevated gamma globulin levels the fractional rate of RGG-I131 turnover increased from 8.0 to 12.5 per cent/day. 4. No differences were noted in the metabolism of homologous or autologous gamma globulin regardless of the allotypic specificities.",
"corpus_id": 61769,
"title": "GAMMA GLOBULIN METABOLISM IN RABBITS DURING THE ANAMNESTIC RESPONSE"
} | {
"abstract": "On hyperimmunization of rabbits with pneumococcal vaccine, increase in the content of gamma globulin and fall of albumin in the serum are produced. In such hyperimmunized rabbits, investigations of the plasma volume, albumin degradation, and the distribution of the albumin intra- and extravascularly were undertaken by Sterling's method employing rabbit albumin labelled with I131. The investigations do not suggest any significant alteration in the albumin degradation nor in the distribution between the intra- and extravascular albumin. It was demonstrated that the plasma volume increases simultaneously with increase in the gamma globulin and fall in albumin. It is concluded that the fall in serum albumin observed is due to a regulative mechanism which attempts to maintain the colloid-osmotic pressure by increasing the plasma volume.",
"corpus_id": 32976675,
"title": "INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE CHANGES IN SERUM PROTEINS DURING IMMUNIZATION"
} | {
"abstract": "Autophagy plays a role in several physiological and pathological processes as it controls the turnover rate of cellular components and influences cellular homeostasis. The liver plays a central role in controlling organisms’ metabolism, regulating glucose storage, plasma proteins and bile synthesis and the removal of toxic substances. Liver functions are particularly sensitive to autophagy modulation. In this review we summarize studies investigating how autophagy influences the hepatic metabolism, focusing on fat accumulation and lipids turnover. We also describe how autophagy affects bile production and the scavenger function within the complex homeostasis of the liver. We underline the role of hepatic autophagy in counteracting the metabolic syndrome and the associated cardiovascular risk. Finally, we highlight recent reports demonstrating how the autophagy occurring within the liver may affect skeletal muscle homeostasis as well as different extrahepatic solid tumors, such as melanoma.",
"corpus_id": 111390761,
"score": 1,
"title": "The Role of Autophagy in Liver Epithelial Cells and Its Impact on Systemic Homeostasis"
} |
{
"abstract": "To facilitate assessing brain tumor growth and progression of stroke lesions by reproducible slice positioning in human head magnetic resonance (MR) images, a method for prospective registration is proposed that adjusts the image slice position without moving the patient and with no additional scans.",
"corpus_id": 4837380,
"title": "Prospective registration of human head magnetic resonance images for reproducible slice positioning using localizer images"
} | {
"abstract": "Corruption of the image time series due to interimage head motion limits the clinical utility of functional MRI. This paper presents a method for real‐time prospective correction of rotation and translation in all six degrees of rigid body motion. By incorporating an orbital navigator (ONAV) echo for each of the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes into the fMRI pulse sequence, rotation and translation can be measured and the spatial orientation of the image acquisition sequence that follows can be corrected prospectively in as little as 160 msec. Testing of the method using a computerized motion phantom capable of performing complex multiaxial motion showed subdegree rotational and submillimeter translational accuracy over a range of ±8° and ±8 mm of motion. In vivo images demonstrate correction of simultaneous through‐plane and in‐plane motion and improved detection of fMRI activation in the presence of head motion. Magn Reson Med 43:459–469, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.",
"corpus_id": 1873769,
"title": "Prospective multiaxial motion correction for fMRI"
} | {
"abstract": "Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain is often degraded by bulk head motion. Algorithms that address this by retrospective re‐registration of images in an fMRI time series are all fundamentally limited by any motion that occurs through‐plane. Here, a technique is described that can account for such motion by prospective. correction in real time. A navigator echo is used before every image acquisition to detect superior/inferior displacements of the head. The displacement information is then used to adjust the plane of excitation of the ensuing single‐shot echo‐planar fMRI axial image. These correction updates can be completed in 100 ms with motion sensitivity at least as small as 0.5 mm. The efficacy of this method is documented in phantom and human studies.",
"corpus_id": 38230425,
"score": -1,
"title": "Real‐time adaptive motion correction in functional MRI"
} |
{
"abstract": "This paper presents our findings from a mobile broadband QoE field trial conducted in the city of Vienna, Austria. Using their own laptops in everyday contexts, participants regularly assessed the quality of their mobile broadband connection (tasks: web surfing, file downloads) which in the background was manipulated via traffic shaping throughout a period of three weeks. We discuss our study setup and observations of field trial participant behavior (rating patterns, times, contexts, etc.) as well as the results and lessons learned from correlating end user QoE ratings with measurements performed at client and network level. In addition, we compare our results with those from similar lab experiments, showing that the two evaluation contexts (lab, field) cannot be used interchangeably due to deviant QoE rating behavior of participants.",
"corpus_id": 593273,
"title": "Vienna surfing: assessing mobile broadband quality in the field"
} | {
"abstract": "Multimedia communication has gained increasing attention, both from the application side and the network provider side. While resource provisioning for QoS support in packet switched networks has led to the design and development of sophisticated QoS architectures, notably ATM, IntServ or DiffServ, research has not exactly been user or application-context centered. In the cause of the evolution of QoS architectures, the integrated service network approach has lost momentum, and with it, the notion of QoS guarantees. Differentiation of QoS classes within the DiffServ framework is based on the definition of various per-hop behaviors. What is currently missing is a technique for specification and mapping of application and user QoS preferences onto evolving service profiles. In addition, adaptation of applications (and users) is becoming increasingly important in the face of dominating weak QoS-assurance paradigms, both in wireline and wireless environments. As a prerequisite, this paper investigates cognitive and perceptive conditioning of users and applications in a situated setting. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, essential empirical results on user QoS preferences and QoS graduations are presented, and second, methodological foundations are laid for investigating user-centered QoS.",
"corpus_id": 18236971,
"title": "Of packets and people: a user-centered approach to quality of service"
} | {
"abstract": "Core theories in economics,psychology,and marketing suggest that decision makers benefit from having more choice. In contrast, according to the too-much-choice effect,having too many options to choose from may ultimately decrease the motivation to choose and the satisfaction with the chosen option. To reconcile these two positions,we tested whether there are specific conditions in which the too-much-choice effect is more or less likely to occur. In three studies with a total of 598 participants,we systematically investigated the moderating impact of choice set sizes,option attractiveness,and whether participants had to justify their choices. We also tested the moderating role of search behavior,domain-specific expertise,and participants’ tendency to maximize,in a within-subject design. Overall,only choice justification proved to be an effective moderator,calling the extent of the too-much-choice effect into question. We provide a theoretical account for our findings and discuss possible pathways for future research. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.",
"corpus_id": 13732930,
"score": 1,
"title": "What Moderates the Too-Much-Choice Effect?"
} |
{
"abstract": "Liver is a versatile organ of the body that regulat es internal chemical environment. Liver injury induced by various hepatotoxins has been recognized as a major toxicological problem for years. Because of its uni q e metabolic functions and relationship to the gastroi n estinal tract, liver is an important target of toxicity to xenobiotics, oxidative stress, ethanol and toxic chemicals (Pate l and Shah, 2009).",
"corpus_id": 1722784,
"title": "Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant effect of Polycarpaea corymbosa against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats"
} | {
"abstract": "A phytotherapeutic approach to modern drug development can provide many invaluable drugs from traditional medicinal plants. Search for pure phytochemicals as drugs is time consuming and expensive. Numerous plants and polyherbal formulations are used for the treatment of liver diseases. However, in most of the severe cases, the treatments are not satisfactory. Although experimental evaluations were carried out on a good number of these plants and formulations, the studies were mostly incomplete and insufficient. The therapeutic values were tested against a few chemicals-induced subclinical levels of liver damages in rodents. Even common dietary antioxidants can provide such protection from liver damage caused by oxidative mechanisms of toxic chemicals. However, experiments have clearly shown that plants such as Picrorrhiza kurroa, Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Silibum marianum, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and Trichopus zeylanicus are sufficiently active against, at least, certain hepatotoxins. Screening plants for antihepatitis activities remains in its infancy. P.kurroa, E. alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, A. paniculata and P. amarus are likely to be active against Hepatitis B virus. In the case of severe liver damage, most of the liver cells die or turn into fibrotic state. In this case, the treatment should include in addition to the therapeutic agents, agents which can stimulate liver cell proliferation. For developing satisfactory herbal combinations to treat severe liver diseases, plants have to be evaluated systematically for properties such as antiviral activity (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, etc), antihepatotoxicity* (antioxidants and others), stimulation of liver regeneration and choleretic activity. The plants with remarkable activities for each of the above properties have to be identified. Single plant may not have all the desired activities. A combination of different herbal extracts/'fractions is likely to provide desired activities to cure severe liver diseases. Development of such medicines with standards of safety and efficacy can revitalise treatment of liver disorders. * hepatoprotective activity.",
"corpus_id": 73996491,
"title": "DEVELOPMENT OF PHYTOMEDICINES FOR LIVER DISEASES"
} | {
"abstract": "Background/Aims: IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) has been widely demonstrated to be involved in chemotaxis, cell growth regulation and angiogenesis inhibition. It has been reported that CXCL10 expression is significantly increased in patients with MesPGN (Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis). However, the underlying mechanism of CXCL10 in MesPGN reminds unclear. Methods: Wildtype (Cxcl10+/+) mice and Cxcl10-deficient (Cxcl10-/-) mice were used to generate a murine model of MesPGN. The histological changes in glomeruli were examined by PAS staining (Periodic Acid-Schiff staining), and cell proliferation was detected by PCNA immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was analyzed by Western blotting and the effects of CXCL10 on primary mouse renal mesangial cells (MRMC) proliferation were detected using the EDU assay. Furthermore, the specific mechanisms by which CXCL10 affected mesangial cells were investigated in vitro using a specific inhibitor. Results: Typical pathological phenotypes were observed in both mouse types, while the Cxcl10-/- mice had lighter accumulation of extracellular matrix, less cell proliferation and diminished up-regulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins compared to Cxcl10+/+ mice at day 7. Furthermore, we observed that CXCL10 inhibition resulted in less activation of ERK phosphorylation, and ERK pathway inhibition by a specific inhibitor, U0126, prevented CXCL10 induced MRMC proliferation and the activation of phosphorylated ERK. Conclusions: CXCL10 may aggravate mesangial proliferation in MesPGN by activating the ERK signaling pathway. These results provide a novel insight into the mechanism and potential therapy target of MesPGN.",
"corpus_id": 2491696,
"score": 1,
"title": "Knockdown of Cxcl10 Inhibits Mesangial Cell Proliferation in Murine Habu Nephritis Via ERK Signaling"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this work, we compute the temperature rise of the BSCC heart valve when exposed to the magnetic fields such as those generated by the EMAT setup. We show that it is possible to comply with standards both by regulating the duty cycle of the tone-burst-excitation scheme and synchronizing the excitation with the cardiac cycle appropriately.",
"corpus_id": 6511807,
"title": "Modeling of electromagnetic heating effects during in vivo testing of prosthetic heart valves"
} | {
"abstract": "Based on interlimb neural coupling, gait robotic systems should produce walking-like movement in both upper and lower limbs for effective walking restoration. Two orthoses were previously designed in our lab to provide passive walking with arm swing. However, an active system for walking with arm swing is desirable to serve as a testbed for investigation of interlimb neural coupling in response to voluntary input. Given the important function of the ankle joint during normal walking, this work aimed to develop an improved rotational orthosis for walking with arm swing, which is called ROWAS II, and especially to develop and evaluate the algorithms for active ankle control. After description of the mechanical structure and control schemes of the overall ROWAS II system, the closed-loop position control and adjustable admittance control algorithms were firstly deduced, then simulated in Matlab/Simulink and finally implemented in the ROWAS II system. Six able-bodied participants were recruited to use the ROWAS II system in passive mode, and then to estimate the active ankle mechanism. It was showed that the closed-loop position control algorithms enabled the ROWAS II system to track the target arm-leg walking movement patterns well in passive mode, with the tracking error of each joint <0.7°. The adjustable admittance control algorithms enabled the participants to voluntarily adjust the ankle movement by exerting various active force. Higher admittance gains enabled the participants to more easily adjust the movement trajectory of the ankle mechanism. The ROWAS II system is technically feasible to produce walking-like movement in the bilateral upper and lower limbs in passive mode, and the ankle mechanism has technical potential to provide various active ankle training during gait rehabilitation. This novel ROWAS II system can serve as a testbed for further investigation of interlimb neural coupling in response to voluntary ankle movement and is technically feasible to provide a new training paradigm of walking with arm swing and active ankle control.",
"corpus_id": 216044529,
"title": "Development of an Improved Rotational Orthosis for Walking With Arm Swing and Active Ankle Control"
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nDelirium is often a distressing symptom for both patients and their families, and its prevention is important. The primary aim of this study was to clarify the effects of partial opioid substitution and hydration on the occurrence of agitated delirium in the final stage of cancer.\n\n\nMETHODS\nAn historical control study on consecutive terminally ill cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit (164 in 1996-1997 and 120 in 2000-2001). In 2000-2001, we actively performed hydration and partial opioid substitution from morphine with fentanyl on individual grounds. Two independent raters evaluated the degree of agitation and cognitive impairment during the final week, using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale, the Agitation Distress Scale, the Communication Capacity Scale, and a consciousness scale.\n\n\nRESULTS\nCompared to 1996-1997, in 2000-2001, the use of artificial hydration (33% to 44%, p = 0.053) and opioid rotation (3.0% to 41%, p < 0.01) increased, while there were no statistically significant differences in hydration volume, the mean dose, and the high-dose requirements of morphine. The prevalence of agitated delirium, the agitation score, the percentage of patients achieving clear-complex communication, and the percentage of patients who maintained clear consciousness did not significantly change.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nPartial opioid substitution with fentanyl and moderate levels of hydration had no significant preventive effects on the occurrence of agitated delirium in the last week on a mass level. We should explore new strategies to prevent agitated delirium that are practically available in Japan.",
"corpus_id": 6470458,
"score": 0,
"title": "Agitated terminal delirium and association with partial opioid substitution and hydration."
} |
{
"abstract": "This article presents a unifying framework of credibility assessment in which credibility is characterized across a variety of media and resources with respect to diverse information seeking goals and tasks. The initial data were collected through information-activity diaries over a 10-day period from 24 undergraduate students at three different colleges. Based on 245 information seeking activities from the diaries, the authors conducted individual interviews with participants and analyzed the transcripts using a grounded theory analysis. Three distinct levels of credibility judgments emerged: construct, heuristics, and interaction. The construct level pertains to how a person constructs, conceptualizes, or defines credibility. The heuristics level involves general rules of thumb used to make judgments of credibility applicable to a variety of situations. Finally, the interaction level refers to credibility judgments based on content, peripheral source cues, and peripheral information object cues. In addition, context emerged as the social, relational and dynamic frames surrounding the information seeker and providing boundaries of credibility judgments. The implications of the framework in terms of its theoretical contribution to credibility research and practices are discussed.",
"corpus_id": 11012569,
"title": "Developing a unifying framework of credibility assessment: Construct, heuristics, and interaction in context"
} | {
"abstract": "Abstract Objectives: To describe techniques for retrieval and appraisal used by consumers when they search for health information on the internet. Design: Qualitative study using focus groups, naturalistic observation of consumers searching the world wide web in a usability laboratory, and in-depth interviews. Participants: A total of 21 users of the internet participated in three focus group sessions. 17 participants were given a series of health questions and observed in a usability laboratory setting while retrieving health information from the web; this was followed by in-depth interviews. Setting: Heidelberg, Germany. Results: Although their search technique was often suboptimal, internet users successfully found health information to answer questions in an average of 5 minutes 42 seconds (median 4 minutes 18 seconds) per question. Participants in focus groups said that when assessing the credibility of a website they primarily looked for the source, a professional design, a scientific or official touch, language, and ease of use. However, in the observational study, no participants checked any “about us” sections of websites, disclaimers, or disclosure statements. In the post-search interviews, it emerged that very few participants had noticed and remembered which websites they had retrieved information from. Conclusions: Further observational studies are needed to design and evaluate educational and technological innovations for guiding consumers to high quality health information on the web. What is already known on this topic Little is known about how consumers retrieve and assess the quality of health information on the internet Qualitative data are needed to design educational and technological innovations to guide consumers to high quality health information What this study adds Users of the internet explore only the first few links on general search engines when seeking health information Consumers say that when assessing the credibility of a site they primarily look for the source, a professional design, and a variety of other criteria In practice, internet users do not check the “about us” sections of websites, try to find out who authors or owners of the site are, or read disclaimers or disclosure statements Very few internet users later remember from which websites they retrieved information or who stood behind the sites",
"corpus_id": 8376687,
"title": "How do consumers search for and appraise health information on the world wide web? Qualitative study using focus groups, usability tests, and in-depth interviews"
} | {
"abstract": "Convolutional neural networks demonstrated outstanding empirical results in computer vision and speech recognition tasks where labeled training data is abundant. In medical imaging, there is a huge variety of possible imaging modalities and contrasts, where annotated data is usually very scarce. We present two approaches to deal with this challenge. A network pretrained in a different domain with abundant data is used as a feature extractor, while a subsequent classifier is trained on a small target dataset; and a deep architecture trained with heavy augmentation and equipped with sophisticated regularization methods. We test the approaches on a corpus of X-ray images to design an anatomy detection system.",
"corpus_id": 18592923,
"score": -1,
"title": "Can Pretrained Neural Networks Detect Anatomy?"
} |
{
"abstract": "Bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide (SPS) is a common additive in commercial copper electroplating baths. We have studied the influence of SPS on Cu underpotential deposition (UPD) on a Au(111) single crystal surface by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). By combining our results with the results from the literature we propose a model that describes different stages of Cu UPD in the presence of SPS. Further analysis shows that our model is also applicable to a more general case of UPD of different metals, e.g. Cu and Ag, on a thiol-modified single-crystal surface, where the bond between the substrate and the thiol is adatom mediated. In addition, we have verified our model by in situ observation of the lifting of the Herringbone reconstruction on the Au(111) surface by Cu UPD.",
"corpus_id": 1583059,
"title": "A general model of metal underpotential deposition in the presence of thiol-based additives based on an in situ STM study."
} | {
"abstract": "Microscopic evidence for Au-adatom-induced self-assembly of alkanethiolate species on the Au(111) surface is presented. Based on STM measurements and density-functional theory calculations, a new model for the low-coverage self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiolate on the Au(111) surface is developed, which involves the adsorbate complexes incorporating Au adatoms. It is also concluded that the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction is lifted by the alkanethiolate self-assembly because the reconstructed surface layer provides reactive Au adatoms that drive self-assembly.",
"corpus_id": 9375004,
"title": "Gold-adatom-mediated bonding in self-assembled short-chain alkanethiolate species on the Au(111) surface."
} | {
"abstract": "We report direct evidence of a unit mesh containing more than one hydrocarbon chain at the surface of a self‐assembled monolayer of long‐chain n‐alkanethiols. Our helium diffraction measurements for a monolayer of n‐octadecanethiol on Au(111) are consistent with a rectangular primitive unit mesh of dimensions 8.68×10.02 A containing four crystallographically distinct hydrocarbon chains. This packing arrangement can also be described as a c(4×2) superlattice with respect to the fundamental simple hexagonal [(√3×√3)R30°] array of lattice parameter 5.01 A previously observed for monolayers of other n‐alkanethiols on gold. No temperature‐dependent phase behavior is observed in the temperature range where surface diffraction is measurable (30–100 K) and cycling up to temperatures as high as 50 °C caused no observable change in the diffraction. It is proposed that this larger unit mesh is the result of a patterned arrangement of rotations of the hydrocarbon chains about their molecular axes. This patterned arrangement must be different than the herringbone structure expected by simple analogy to bulk n‐alkanes.",
"corpus_id": 93291930,
"score": 2,
"title": "Superlattice structure at the surface of a monolayer of octadecanethiol self‐assembled on Au(111)"
} |
{
"abstract": "The practice of advising bilingual parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to speak in a single language, often the majority language of the region, with their child with ASD seems to be common. Such advice, however, is not grounded on empirical evidence but appears to be based more on logical arguments and assumptions. In this commentary, fears surrounding dual language exposure and empirical evidence supporting bilingualism in children with ASD are discussed. Suggestions for future research and three key steps that clinicians can consider taking to better address the needs of diverse learners are provided.",
"corpus_id": 3835064,
"title": "Understanding the Linguistic Needs of Diverse Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Some Comments on the Research Literature and Suggestions for Clinicians"
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nPrior research has described the prevalence and utility of questions in children's language learning environment. However, there has been little empirical investigation of the interaction sequences that ensue following caregiver questions. Understanding these interactions may be especially important for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may have difficulty engaging in reciprocal interactions. Question-response-evaluation sequences (QRE) are a particular type of interaction sequence launched by questions that have been examined primarily in classroom contexts. Less research has been devoted to understanding how caregivers and children with ASD leverage this interactional format in the context of home interactions.\n\n\nAIMS\nWe focus on QRE sequences within interactions between a 5-year-old bilingual child with ASD and his parents. In these sequences, the adult poses known-answer questions, the child responds and the adult evaluates the response. QRE sequences are primarily structured by the questioner (i.e., the parents in our context), and we examine the interactive work done by parents to initiate, maintain and close these sequences. We also examine the child's contributions to these sequences.\n\n\nMETHODS & PROCEDURES\nWe applied conversation analysis (CA) to video recordings of home routines, such as play, book-reading and schoolwork. Videos were fully transcribed using CA conventions, and 55 QRE segments were isolated from the data corpus for further analysis.\n\n\nOUTCOMES & RESULTS\nQ-word questions (i.e., where, what, why, when, how questions) were the most prevalent question format, and repetition of the child's response was the most prevalent form of evaluation. We found that QRE sequences were embedded within a variety of action trajectories that extend beyond pedagogical functions. These included repairing a prior utterance, extending collaborative play routines and engaging in topically connected labelling rituals.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS\nQRE sequences appeared to strike a balance in terms of the level of constraint they placed on the child's contributions to interactions, and the affordances they provide for participating in and progressing through interactions. This study can help clinicians understand the types of interactions that can be pursued with QRE sequences in their work with children with ASD. The findings may also aid intervention researchers' efforts to leverage caregivers' existing strengths for adapting their interactional overtures to maximize children's engagement. Finally, this study provides an illustration of caregiver-child interactions in a population that is currently under-represented in the literature.",
"corpus_id": 207951810,
"title": "Question-response-evaluation sequences in the home interactions of a bilingual child with autism spectrum disorder."
} | {
"abstract": "This review introduces some commonly used methods for assessing the performance of a diagnostic test. The sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio of a test are discussed. The uses of the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve are explained.",
"corpus_id": 14920136,
"score": 1,
"title": "Statistics review 13: Receiver operating characteristic curves"
} |
{
"abstract": "In this study, two-part room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber (SiR) nanocomposite samples containing 7 nm sized fumed silica and 1.5 μm sized silica, were prepared by conventional mechanical mixing and by electrospinning, and their erosion resistance compared by the ASTM D2303 inclined plane (IPT) test. An improved dispersion of nanofiller in SiR was achieved by electrospinning thereby permitting the preparation of highly filled nano and micro sized composites. The results of eroded mass in the laser ablation tests, and tracking voltage and tracking time in the inclined plane test clearly shows improvements of the electrospun samples over conventional mixed samples. Further, observations of the uniform tracking patterns and hardness measurement after the IPT were indicators of improved filler dispersion in the electrospun samples.",
"corpus_id": 1251076,
"title": "Improvements to the erosion resistance of nanofilled silicone rubber composites by electrospinning"
} | {
"abstract": "The paper presents the experimental results obtained on the erosion resistance of silicone rubber (SIR) filled with 12 nm size fumed silica (nano filler) to those filled with 5 /spl mu/m size silica filler (micro filler). The ASTM 2303 inclined plane tracking and erosion test was used in the comparison as well as an infrared laser as the source of heat to erode the SIR samples. The erosion resistance of the SIR materials increased with increasing percentage of the fillers, and it was observed that 10% by weight of nano-filled SIR gives a performance that is similar to that obtained with 50% by weight of micro-filled SIR. The low frequency components of leakage current and the eroded mass are used to evaluate the relative erosion resistance of the composites and the third harmonic component of the leakage current shows good correlation to the measured eroded mass. The paper discusses the possible reasons for the improvement in the erosion resistance of nano-filled silicone composites.",
"corpus_id": 23787109,
"title": "Erosion resistance of nano-filled silicone rubber"
} | {
"abstract": "In this study, we investigated the influence of the surface treatment of Al nanoparticles on the electrical properties of linear low density polyethylene composites. Octyl-trimethoxysilane was used as a nonpolar silane coupling agent for the surface treatment of Al nanoparticles. It was found that the incorporation of nonpolar octyl groups onto the surface of Al nanoparticles not only increased the percolation threshold and the resistivity but also improved the dielectric properties as compared to the composites filled with unsurface-treated nanoparticles. The surface treatment makes it possible to easily control the frequency and concentration dependences of dielectric constant and provided an excellent approach able to considerably reduce the dielectric loss of the nanocomposites, which is of great significance from the viewpoint of practical application of the polymer/metal nanocomposites in the electrical and electronic industries. It is concluded that the improved electrical properties could be direc...",
"corpus_id": 122885812,
"score": 2,
"title": "Influence of aluminum nanoparticle surface treatment on the electrical properties of polyethylene composites"
} |
{
"abstract": "Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a common complication following kala‐azar (visceral leishmaniasis). In a prospective study in a village in the endemic area for kala‐azar in the Sudan, 105 of 183 (57%) kala‐azar patients developed PKDL. There was a significantly higher PKDL rate (69%) in those who received inadequate and irregular treatment of kala‐azar than in those who were treated with stibogluconate 20 mg kg−1 daily for 15 days (35%). The group of patients who developed PKDL did not differ from those who did not develop PKDL with regard to age and sex distribution, reduction in spleen size, and conversion in the leishmanin skin test (LST). In a clinical study, 416 PKDL patients were analysed and divided according to grade of severity. Severe PKDL was more frequent in younger age groups (P < 0·001); there was an inverse correlation between grade and conversion in the LST (P < 0·01). In 16% of patients tested, parasites were demonstrated in inguinal lymph node or bone marrow aspirates, indicating still visceral disease (para‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis); there was no correlation between the presence of parasites and grade of severity. Conversion rates in the LST were lower than in those who did not have demonstrable parasites (11% and 37%, respectively; P < 0·01). In the absence of reliable and practical diagnostic tests, PKDL may be diagnosed on clinical grounds and differentiated from other conditions, of which miliaria rubra was the most common. Differentiation from leprosy was most difficult.",
"corpus_id": 1796927,
"title": "Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis"
} | {
"abstract": "Summary.— A case of post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis is reported to illustrate the late onset of the dermal changes and the difficulties of diagnosis.",
"corpus_id": 26367619,
"title": "POST KALA‐AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS"
} | {
"abstract": "Emotional eating is the act of eating to cope with stress and pressure, and it is assumed that this behavior increases as the level of self-control decreases. Several factors, including anxiety about winning and fear of injury, can cause stress in athletes. An athlete’s high mental toughness is closely related to their ability to easily cope with such stress factors. It is still a matter of curiosity how negative psychological factors affect emotional eating in athletes with low mental toughness. This study investigated the relationship between emotional eating and mental toughness in female wrestlers. Emotional Eating Questionnaire and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire were applied to 69 female wrestlers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. It was found that the participants were low emotional eaters and accepted all of the mental toughness sub-dimensions. There was a significant difference in emotional eating total score and “disinhibition\" score according to nationality status (p<0.05). The findings suggested a positive and significant relationship between sub-dimensions of emotional eating and sub-dimensions of mental toughness (p<0.05). It was concluded that national female wrestlers tended to eat more emotionally than non-national athletes and had more difficulty preventing the urge to eat. As female wrestlers’ mental toughness levels increased, they tended to eat emotionally and felt guilty about eating.",
"corpus_id": 253170689,
"score": 0,
"title": "The Relationship of Mental Toughness and Emotional Eating: The Example of a Female Wrestler"
} |
{
"abstract": "Left ventricular systolic dysfunction is a recognised feature of heart failure. In developed nations, the leading cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction is coronary artery disease. Revascularisation is a treatment strategy for patients with predominant symptoms of heart failure and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Presence or absence of myocardial viability has been shown to affect outcome after revascularisation. There are various techniques to assess myocardial viability. However, limitations of current literature, lack of completed randomised trials and high peri-procedural trials create significant uncertainty about the optimal strategy. This review focuses on the role of non-invasive testing for myocardial viability in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure and also outlines the pros and cons of each technique.",
"corpus_id": 1772869,
"title": "Diagnostic and imaging considerations: Role of viability"
} | {
"abstract": "BACKGROUND\nCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is increasingly used to assess patients for myocardial viability prior to revascularisation. This is important to ensure that only those likely to benefit are subjected to the risk of revascularisation.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nTo assess current evidence on the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of CMR to test patients prior to revascularisation in ischaemic cardiomyopathy; to develop an economic model to assess cost-effectiveness for different imaging strategies; and to identify areas for further primary research.\n\n\nDATA SOURCES\nDatabases searched were: MEDLINE including MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Initial searches were conducted in March 2011 in the following databases with dates: MEDLINE including MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid (1946 to March 2011); Bioscience Information Service (BIOSIS) Previews via Web of Science (1969 to March 2011); EMBASE via Ovid (1974 to March 2011); Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via The Cochrane Library (1996 to March 2011); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via The Cochrane Library 1998 to March 2011; Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects via The Cochrane Library (1994 to March 2011); NHS Economic Evaluation Database via The Cochrane Library (1968 to March 2011); Health Technology Assessment Database via The Cochrane Library (1989 to March 2011); and the Science Citation Index via Web of Science (1900 to March 2011). Additional searches were conducted from October to November 2011 in the following databases with dates: MEDLINE including MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid (1946 to November 2011); BIOSIS Previews via Web of Science (1969 to October 2011); EMBASE via Ovid (1974 to November 2011); Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via The Cochrane Library (1996 to November 2011); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via The Cochrane Library (1998 to November 2011); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects via The Cochrane Library (1994 to November 2011); NHS Economic Evaluation Database via The Cochrane Library (1968 to November 2011); Health Technology Assessment Database via The Cochrane Library (1989 to November 2011); and the Science Citation Index via Web of Science (1900 to October 2011). Electronic databases were searched March-November 2011.\n\n\nREVIEW METHODS\nThe systematic review selected studies that assessed the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CMR to establish the role of CMR in viability assessment compared with other imaging techniques: stress echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Studies had to have an appropriate reference standard and contain accuracy data or sufficient details so that accuracy data could be calculated. Data were extracted by two reviewers and discrepancies resolved by discussion. Quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS II tool (University of Bristol, Bristol, UK). A rigorous diagnostic accuracy systematic review assessed clinical and cost-effectiveness of CMR in viability assessment. A health economic model estimated costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) accrued by diagnostic pathways for identifying patients with viable myocardium in ischaemic cardiomyopathy with a view to revascularisation. The pathways involved CMR, stress echocardiography, SPECT, PET alone or in combination. Strategies of no testing and revascularisation were included to determine the most cost-effective strategy.\n\n\nRESULTS\nTwenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. All were prospective. Participant numbers ranged from 8 to 52. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction in studies reporting this outcome was 24-62%. CMR approaches included stress CMR and late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CE CMR). Recovery following revascularisation was the reference standard. Twelve studies assessed diagnostic accuracy of stress CMR and 14 studies assessed CE CMR. A bivariate regression model was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of CMR. Summary sensitivity and specificity for stress CMR was 82.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73.2% to 88.7%] and 87.1% (95% CI 80.4% to 91.7%) and for CE CMR was 95.5% (95% CI 94.1% to 96.7%) and 53% (95% CI 40.4% to 65.2%) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of PET, SPECT and stress echocardiography were calculated using data from 10 studies and systematic reviews. The sensitivity of PET was 94.7% (95% CI 90.3% to 97.2%), of SPECT was 85.1% (95% CI 78.1% to 90.2%) and of stress echocardiography was 77.6% (95% CI 70.7% to 83.3%). The specificity of PET was 68.8% (95% CI 50% to 82.9%), of SPECT was 62.1% (95% CI 52.7% to 70.7%) and of stress echocardiography was 69.6% (95% CI 62.4% to 75.9%). All currently used diagnostic strategies were cost-effective compared with no testing at current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds. If the annual mortality rates for non-viable patients were assumed to be higher for revascularised patients, then testing with CE CMR was most cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000/QALY. The proportion of model runs in which each strategy was most cost-effective, at a threshold of £20,000/QALY, was 40% for CE CMR, 42% for PET and 16.5% for revascularising everyone. The expected value of perfect information at £20,000/QALY was £620 per patient. If all patients (viable or not) gained benefit from revascularisation, then it was most cost-effective to revascularise all patients.\n\n\nLIMITATIONS\nDefinitions and techniques assessing viability were highly variable, making data extraction and comparisons difficult. Lack of evidence meant assumptions were made in the model leading to uncertainty; differing scenarios were generated around key assumptions.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nAll the diagnostic pathways are a cost-effective use of NHS resources. Given the uncertainty in the mortality rates, the cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a set of scenarios. The cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that CE CMR and revascularising everyone were the optimal strategies. Future research should look at implementation costs for this type of imaging service, provide guidance on consistent reporting of diagnostic testing data for viability assessment, and focus on the impact of revascularisation or best medical therapy in this group of high-risk patients.\n\n\nFUNDING\nThe National Institute of Health Technology Assessment programme.",
"corpus_id": 7631433,
"title": "Systematic review and modelling of the cost-effectiveness of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging compared with current existing testing pathways in ischaemic cardiomyopathy."
} | {
"abstract": "Background and Purpose The brain stem is the most important autonomic processing center, but very little attention has been given to clinical manifestations of autonomic failure in brain stem stroke. Our purpose was to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and prognostic significance of sweating dysfunction in brain stem infarctions. Methods We carried out a prospective study using quantitative evaporimetry to investigate spontaneous and heat-stimulated sweating in 18 healthy control subjects and 18 patients with ischemic brain stem stroke in the acute phase and at 1 and 6 months after infarction. Results The sweating response induced by a heating stimulus was significantly lower on the ipsilateral side to the infarction than on the contralateral side. Constant ipsilateral hypohidrosis was established in 83% of the patients in the acute phase, in 100% at 1 month, and in 76% at 6 months after infarction. No differences of sweating response were found between medullary and pontine infarcts. Conclusions Hypohidrosis throughout the whole ipsilateral side of the body, a long-lasting phenomenon that has not previously been described, is an essential feature of autonomic failure in brain stem infarction.",
"corpus_id": 10847410,
"score": 1,
"title": "Ipsilateral Hypohidrosis in Brain Stem Infarction"
} |
{
"abstract": "In the future Network Centric Warfare(NCW), changing to IPv6 based network environment is required to enable various future technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT) and cloud technology which are expected to be introduced to the tactical network evolution. With the change to the IPv6 network, an ID/LOC(Identifier/Location) separation protocol that decomposes context of the IP address to location and identifier can enhance network capacity of increasing number of device and provide efficient mobility management in the tactical network that changes topology dynamically. In this paper, we choose ILNP(Identifier-Locator Network Protocol) as an ID/LOC separation for tactical network environment. In addition to ILNP-based tactical network design, this paper proposes a network-based mobility management scheme for providing efficient mobility management. Through numerical performance analysis, we show that the proposed scheme can reduce network loads more effectively than the conventional IP-based mobility management scheme and common handover procedure in ILNP.",
"corpus_id": 225770373,
"title": "Mobility Management for ILNP-based Tactical Network"
} | {
"abstract": "Seamless host mobility is vital to future network mobility, and has been an active research area for a long time. Much research focuses on the performance of the data plane. In this paper, we present comprehensive analyses on the control (signalling) plane in the IETF Mobile IPv6, and compare it with the IRTF Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP). The control plane behaviour is important in order to assess the robustness and scalability of the mobility protocol. ILNP has a different mobility model from Mobile IPv6: it is a host-based, end-to-end architecture and does not require additional network-layer entities. Hence, the control signals are exchanged only between the end systems. We provide model-based analyses for handoff signalling, and show that ILNP is more efficient than MIPv6 in terms of robustness and scalability. The analytical models we present could also be adapted for other mobility solutions, for comparative assessment.",
"corpus_id": 2495970,
"title": "Control plane handoff analysis for IP mobility"
} | {
"abstract": "Korean military is propelling the M&S on new warfare concept, such as NCW(Network Centric Warfare) which is the aspect of future war. IPv6 is the essential element of next generation defense network which is supporting the future battlefield. There have been many studies on allocating the IPv6 address for next generation defense network. However, they assigned the address by level on the basis of the military organization or assigned it from the service network, so it had the defect, the big size routing table. This study reviews the topology of next generation defense network and adjusts the position of service network ID on the basis of the network topology. Finally, it improved the efficiency of route aggregation and minimized the routing table size in comparison with the previous studies and it was proved by OPNET simulator.",
"corpus_id": 62990994,
"score": -1,
"title": "A Method for IPv6 Address Assignments of the Next Generation Defense Network"
} |
{
"abstract": "Purpose – The purpose of this column is to address how utilizing positive psychology can be beneficial in solving complex problems and increasing staff productivity. Design/methodology/approach – This is a viewpoint column. Findings – Many academic libraries, along with their parent institutions, are facing difficult challenges. Finding ways to maintain a positive outlook can be beneficial in meeting these obstacles and keeping staff motivated and productive. Originality/value – This column addresses how the author’s history of reading self-help books has been beneficial in providing leadership tools and in helping overcome challenging circumstances in academic libraries.",
"corpus_id": 153158791,
"title": "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the positive"
} | {
"abstract": "Femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) is a technology that is said to be possibly the most ‘disruptive’ to the current paradigm of ophthalmic surgical care since the introduction of phacoemulsification. The reason for this is not clear. The early promise of FLACS generated much optimism regarding its potential. Now several years later, with more than 250 peer-reviewed articles on this application of femtosecond technology published, the overwhelming impression is that there is no routinely measurable visual benefit over the current standard of manual phacoemulsification surgery. The bar is admittedly high because the standard surgery has proven to be such a good operation. If the evidence of benefit is underwhelming, what are the drivers urging continued uptake? The first and unsurprising answer is industry. Having invested heavily in development of these platforms, it is clearly a commercial imperative to sell units. Is FLACS an improvement? Do we expect industry to say otherwise? Really? In this, it is manifestly necessary to ‘accentuate the positive’, and one can only feel sympathy for any research data that have been tortured and contorted to offer up a morsel or slant that can be spun as a benefit. More difficult to characterize are the motivations of clinicians who advocate for the technology. It is after all clearly not the case that these surgeons are all industry shills. FLACS is incontestably clever stuff: perhaps they are bored with the monotony of routine cataract surgery? Or wish to add complexity to counter the disparaging jibes directed at us by non-ophthalmic surgical colleagues who characterize us as ‘eye dentists’? Is the motivation remunerative (although the initial capital outlay is significant)? Those who embrace FLACS outside the setting of a formal research trial and before there exists convincing trial-based evidence of benefit are ‘early adopters’. Early adopters may be driven by an enthusiasm for technology and innovation or by the search for any advantage that might competitively differentiate them from their colleagues. It is axiomatic that one cannot in any subject be both a practitioner of evidence-based medicine and an early adopter. Evidence-based medicine advocates are generally followers, but in the case of FLACS, there still seems no compelling evidence to follow. Mainstream clinical care has always owed an unacknowledged debt of gratitude to early adopters and to their patients who are prepared to be the ‘guinea pigs’ outside formal clinical trials. It is a moot point as to how the consent is sought from such patients: where the surgeon has admitted that they have performed relatively few of a new procedure; that the clinical outcome is not proven to be any better; and that there will be (in the case of FLACS) a cost impost of the order of $1000 to be paid by the patient for the privilege. It is indeed courageous to be an early adopter in one’s private practice. What infuses this courage? The key is belief: ‘... they believed the way forward was clear’. In essence, the data do not show it yet but one believes it to be true. Some authors reveal their own convictions: ‘the incremental benefits of FLACS over manual phacoemulsification will take time and large studies to demonstrate’; thus assuming the positive outcome that such studies might hope to demonstrate. Yet, such certitude denies the clinical equipoise that is necessary to justify the trials. The assumption that when funding issues are resolved ‘FLACS is likely to become available to a much wider patient population’ also hints at this necessarily being a good thing. Medawar has contested the substitution of belief for evidence: ‘the intensity of a conviction that a hypothesis is true has no bearing over whether it is true or not. The importance of the strength of our conviction is only to provide a proportionately strong incentive to find out if the hypothesis will stand up to critical evaluation’. In this, so far, FLACS is lacking. FLACS may indeed offer some potential benefits in cases prone to particular complications – from zonular weakness, from endothelial cell deficiency and for posterior polar cataract (a much more discrete",
"corpus_id": 204997308,
"title": "Of emperors and clothes: why FLACS?"
} | {
"abstract": "This study examined the usefulness of self-appraisal (SA) as a technique designed to enhance the motivational and developmental impact of feedback from others. Drawing from research on self-enhancement and self-consistency motives, it was hypothesized that individuals would agree with and incorporate feedback that is consistent with their SA, whereas they would be more satisfied and perform better if feedback is more favorable than their SA. A field study was conducted with 122 MBA students as participants. On average, students were 25 years old and had 1.8 years of work experience. Seventy per cent of students were male and 82 per cent were white. The findings supported all of the hypotheses except the hypothesis concerning satisfaction. Implications for improving the impact of performance appraisal feedback are discussed.",
"corpus_id": 144638624,
"score": 2,
"title": "The impact of self-appraisals on reactions to feedback from others: the role of self-enhancement and self-consistency concerns"
} |
{
"abstract": "Radio and near-infrared observations towards the steep-spectrum Galactic plane radio source WKB 0314+57.8 are presented, in order to clarify the nature of this source. The radio observations include archival and survey data, together with new Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations at 617 MHz. The near-infrared observations are in the J and K bands, from the Gemini instrument on the Shane 3-m telescope. The radio observations show that WKB 0314+57.8 is extended, with a very steep spectrum (with flux density ∝ frequency−2.5 between ≈40 MHz and ≈1.5 GHz). The colour–magnitude diagram constructed from near-infrared observations of the field suggests the presence of a z≈ 0.08 galaxy cluster behind the Galactic plane, reddened by about 6 mag of visual extinction. Although the steep-spectrum source has no obvious identification, two other radio sources in the field covered by the near-infrared observations have tentative identifications with galaxies. These observations indicate that WKB 0314+57.8 is a relic source in a cluster of galaxies, not a pulsar.",
"corpus_id": 4594353,
"title": "Radio and near‐infrared observations of the steep‐spectrum Galactic plane radio source WKB 0314+57.8"
} | {
"abstract": "Les observations radio, realisees avec le Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope a 151 MHz, de radiosources situees dans les regions α = 10 h 28 mn, δ = 41° et α = 06 h 28 mn, δ = 45° sont presentees. Les distributions des indices spectraux et des tailles angulaires sont analysees. Le catalogue, comprenant la position B1950, la densite de flux, la taille angulaire, l'angle de position, la classification et la valeur du pixel le plus eleve dans la source, est presente sur microfiche.",
"corpus_id": 116895600,
"title": "The 7C survey of radio sources at 151 MHz - two regions centered at RA 10h 28m, dec. 41 and RA 06h 28m, DEC 45."
} | {
"abstract": "A near-infrared 0.8-2.5 micron imaging camera for use at the f/8.75 Cassegrain focus of the Palomar 60-inch telescope is described. The simple and economical design of this camera is readily adaptable to other telescopes. It features diffraction-limited reimaging optics, high optical throughput (39% at H), and effective K-band background suppression. The camera utilizes an all-reflective, all-spherical optical design that is a variant of the Offner 1:1 reimager. The readout electronics are straightforward, reliable and have low noise, while the data acquisition system is robust in its utilization of a real-time UNIX operating system on a PC. The electronics and data acquisition system are described in detail. Various aspects of the performance are given, along with initial results which show that the performance goals ofthe camera are now fully realized.",
"corpus_id": 108456573,
"score": 2,
"title": "AN INFRARED CAMERA FOR THE PALOMAR OBSERVATORY 60-INCH TELESCOPE"
} |
{
"abstract": "Plant biomass is a large source of fermentable sugars for the synthesis of bioproducts using engineered microbes. These sugars are stored as cell wall polymers, mainly cellulose and hemicellulose, and are embedded with lignin, which makes their enzymatic hydrolysis challenging. One of the strategies to reduce cell wall recalcitrance is the modification of lignin content and composition. Lignin is a phenolic polymer of methylated aromatic alcohols and its synthesis in tissues developing secondary cell walls is a significant sink for the consumption of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). In this study, we demonstrate in Arabidopsis stems that targeted expression of AdoMet hydrolase (AdoMetase, E.C. 3.3.1.2) in secondary cell wall synthesizing tissues reduces the AdoMet pool and impacts lignin content and composition. In particular, both NMR analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry of lignin in engineered biomass showed relative enrichment of non-methylated p-hydroxycinnamyl (H) units and a reduction of dimethylated syringyl (S) units. This indicates a lower degree of methylation compared to that in wild-type lignin. Quantification of cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamates revealed a reduction of ferulate in AdoMetase transgenic lines. Biomass from transgenic lines, in contrast to that in control plants, exhibits an enrichment of glucose content and a reduction in the degree of hemicellulose glucuronoxylan methylation. We also show that these modifications resulted in a reduction of cell wall recalcitrance, because sugar yield generated by enzymatic biomass saccharification was greater than that of wild-type plants. Considering that transgenic plants show no important diminution of biomass yields, and that heterologous expression of AdoMetase protein can be spatiotemporally optimized, this novel approach provides a valuable option for the improvement of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock.",
"corpus_id": 2282438,
"title": "Expression of S-adenosylmethionine Hydrolase in Tissues Synthesizing Secondary Cell Walls Alters Specific Methylated Cell Wall Fractions and Improves Biomass Digestibility"
} | {
"abstract": "Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging environmental contaminants that can be transformed by anaerobic microorganisms in anoxic environments. The present study examined 2 consortia, enriched under methanogenic and sulfate‐rich conditions, that demethylate the phenylmethyl ether anti‐inflammatory drug naproxen to 6‐O‐desmethylnaproxen. Both enriched consortia were also able to demethylate a range of phenylmethyl ether compounds of plant‐based origin or used as PPCPs. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the 2 communities were very different despite sharing the same PPCP metabolism. In most cases, the demethylated metabolite was not further degraded but rather accumulated in the culture medium. For the expectorant guaifenesin, this resulted in a novel microbial metabolite. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report of methylparaben metabolism under methanogenic conditions. The wide range of phenylmethyl ether substrates that underwent O‐demethylation in both methanogenic and sulfate‐rich conditions suggests that there are potentially bioactive transformation products in the environment that have not yet been quantified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1585–1593. © 2019 SETAC",
"corpus_id": 214601955,
"title": "Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"
} | {
"abstract": "The Yakima River, a major tributary of the Columbia River, is currently overallocated in its surface water usage in part because of large agricultural water use. As a result, groundwater availability and surface water/groundwater interactions have become an important issue in this area. In several sub-basins, the Yakima River water is diverted and applied liberally to fields in the summer creating artificial recharge of shallow groundwater. Major ion, trace element, and stable isotope geochemistry of samples from 26 groundwater wells from a transect across the Yakima River and 24 surface waters in the Kittitas sub-basin were used to delineate waters with similar geochemical signatures and to identify surface water influence on groundwater. Major ion chemistry and stable isotope signatures combined with principal component analysis revealed four major hydrochemical groups. One of these groups, collected from shallow wells within the sedimentary basin fill, displays temporal variations in NO3 and SO4 along with high δ18O and δD values, indicating significant contribution from Yakima River and/or irrigation water. Two other major hydrochemical groups reflect interaction with the main aquifer lithologies in the basin: the Columbia River basalts (high-Na groundwaters), and the volcaniclastic rocks of the Ellensburg Formation (Ca–Mg–HCO3 type waters). The fourth major group has interacted with the volcaniclastic rocks and is influenced to a lesser degree by surface waters. The geochemical groupings constrain a conceptual model for groundwater flow that includes movement of water between underlying Columbia River basalt and deeper sedimentary basin fill and seasonal input of irrigation water.",
"corpus_id": 129167757,
"score": 0,
"title": "A geochemical study of the impact of irrigation and aquifer lithology on groundwater in the Upper Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA"
} |
{
"abstract": "\n \n Several mechanisms have been proposed for incentivizing truthful reports of a private signals owned by rational agents, among them the peer prediction method and the Bayesian truth serum. The robust Bayesian truth serum (RBTS) for small populations and binary signals is particularly interesting since it does not require a common prior to be known to the mechanism. We further analyze the problem of the common prior not known to the mechanism and give several results regarding the restrictions that need to be placed in order to have an incentive-compatible mechanism. Moreover, we construct a Bayes-Nash incentive-compatible scheme called multi-valued RBTS that generalizes RBTS to operate on both small populations and non-binary signals.\n \n",
"corpus_id": 420974,
"title": "A Robust Bayesian Truth Serum for Non-Binary Signals"
} | {
"abstract": "\n \n We study minimal single-task peer prediction mechanisms that have limited knowledge about agents' beliefs. Without knowing what agents' beliefs are or eliciting additional information, it is not possible to design a truthful mechanism in a Bayesian-Nash sense. We go beyond truthfulness and explore equilibrium strategy profiles that are only partially truthful. Using the results from the multi-armed bandit literature, we give a characterization of how inefficient these equilibria are comparing to truthful reporting. We measure the inefficiency of such strategies by counting the number of dishonest reports that any minimal knowledge-bounded mechanism must have. We show that the order of this number is θ(log n), where n is the number of agents, and we provide a peer prediction mechanism that achieves this bound in expectation.\n \n",
"corpus_id": 3425156,
"title": "Partial Truthfulness in Minimal Peer Prediction Mechanisms with Limited Knowledge"
} | {
"abstract": "Vision Papers.- Autonomic Web Processes.- The (Service) Bus: Services Penetrate Everyday Life.- Service Oriented Architectures for Science Gateways on Grid Systems.- Service Specification and Modelling.- Toward a Programming Model for Service-Oriented Computing.- Speaking a Common Language: A Conceptual Model for Describing Service-Oriented Systems.- A Rule Driven Approach for Developing Adaptive Service Oriented Business Collaboration.- Service Design and Validation.- Pattern-Based Specification and Validation of Web Services Interaction Properties.- Using Test Cases as Contract to Ensure Service Compliance Across Releases.- Towards a Classification of Web Service Feature Interactions.- Service Selection and Discovery.- A High-Level Functional Matching for Semantic Web Services.- Service Selection Algorithms for Composing Complex Services with Multiple QoS Constraints.- On Service Discovery Process Types.- SPiDeR: P2P-Based Web Service Discovery.- An Approach to Temporal-Aware Procurement of Web Services.- Service Composition and Aggregation.- Approaching Web Service Coordination and Composition by Means of Petri Nets. The Case of the Nets-Within-Nets Paradigm.- Modeling and Analyzing Context-Aware Composition of Services.- Towards Semi-automated Workflow-Based Aggregation of Web Services.- Choreography and Orchestration: A Synergic Approach for System Design.- Service Monitoring.- PerfSONAR: A Service Oriented Architecture for Multi-domain Network Monitoring.- DySOA: Making Service Systems Self-adaptive.- Towards Dynamic Monitoring of WS-BPEL Processes.- Service Management.- Template-Based Automated Service Provisioning - Supporting the Agreement-Driven Service Life-Cycle.- Proactive Management of Service Instance Pools for Meeting Service Level Agreements.- Adaptive Component Management Service in ScudWare Middleware for Smart Vehicle Space.- Semantic Web and Grid Services.- Semantic Caching for Web Services.- ODEGSG Framework, Knowledge-Based Annotation and Design of Grid Services.- Implicit Service Calls in ActiveXML Through OWL-S.- Semantic Tuplespace.- Security, Exception Handling, and SLAs.- Trust-Based Secure Workflow Path Construction.- Reputation-Based Service Level Agreements for Web Services.- Handling Faults in Decentralized Orchestration of Composite Web Services.- What's in an Agreement?An Analysis and an Extension of WS-Agreement.- Industrial and Application Papers.- SOA in the Real World - Experiences.- Service-Oriented Design: The Roots.- A Service Oriented Architecture for Deploying and Managing Network Services.- Demo Papers.- Dynamo: Dynamic Monitoring of WS-BPEL Processes.- WofBPEL: A Tool for Automated Analysis of BPEL Processes.- OpenWS-Transaction: Enabling Reliable Web Service Transactions.- ASTRO: Supporting Composition and Execution of Web Services.- Demonstrating Dynamic Configuration and Execution of Web Processes.- Short Papers.- Programming and Compiling Web Services in GPSL.- Semantic Management of Web Services.- Composition of Services with Nondeterministic Observable Behavior.- Efficient and Transparent Web-Services Selection.- An Approach to Parameterizing Web Service Flows.- Dynamic Policy Management on Business Performance Management Architecture.- A Lightweight Formal Framework for Service-Oriented Applications Design.- A MDE Approach for Power Distribution Service Development.- Semantic Web Services for Activity-Based Computing.- The Price of Services.- Managing End-to-End Lifecycle of Global Service Policies.- Applying a Web Engineering Method to Design Web Services.- An Architecture for Unifying Web Services Authentication and Authorization.- Specifying Web Service Compositions on the Basis of Natural Language Requests.",
"corpus_id": 28845538,
"score": 2,
"title": "Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2005, Third International Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December 12-15, 2005, Proceedings"
} |
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