Datasets:

allenai

/

scirepeval

like 12

Follow

Ai2 1.76k

00014a8515491f0b3fe2a1ff6e0f5305e584dcd9

ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SCIENCES

00021eeee2bf4e06fec98941206f97083c38b54d

Opportunities and challenges for E-Commerce in Malaysia: A theoretical approach

Numerous studies of E-Commerce have emphasized the sway of obstacles related to Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, Socio economic condition, Internet usage, Government and regulatory initiatives as major determinants of ecommerce success. Information communication technology (ICT) revolutionizes businesses around the world. In this paper e-commerce practices in Malaysia has been analyzed by its strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This paper provides a general review of challenges and opportunities for e commerce practices in Malaysia. And to understand the in-depth of e-commerce practices and to investigates more solutions for the research problems. Analysis shows that E-Commerce in Malaysia is moving towards uptrend direction. But still there are some challenges which are influencing on E-Commerce. The challenges such as economic condition of the country, low wages of labors, low internet access, lack of awareness of online purchasing, e-readiness, high cost and legacy of fast internet. Findings show that there are sweet opportunities which can boost up E-Commerce in Malaysia. Strategic position of the country, political stability, foreign investment in information and communication technology (ICT) and high rate of education can be the charming part of E-Commerce growth in Malaysia.

00027baa2a90e1a3d50c1da14882d518de6847f5

Interactions between model membranes and lignin-related compounds studied by immobilized liposome chromatography.

In order to elucidate the modes of interaction between lignin precursors and membranes, we have studied the influence of temperature, lipid composition and buffer composition on the partitioning of monolignol and dilignol model substances into phospholipid bilayers. The partitioning was determined by immobilized liposome chromatography, which is an established method for studies of pharmaceutical drugs but a new approach in studies of lignin synthesis. The temperature dependence of the retention and the effect of a high ammonium sulfate concentration in the mobile phase demonstrated that the interaction involved both hydrophobic effects and polar interactions. There was also a good correlation between the partitioning and the estimated hydrophobicity, in terms of octanol/water partitioning. The partitioning behavior of the model substances suggests that passive diffusion over the cell membrane is a possible transport route for lignin precursors. This conclusion is strengthened by comparison of the present results with the partitioning of pharmaceutical drugs that are known to pass cell membranes by diffusion.

00034a5a5bd11b51ec046d31de273946d91fb766

Perpetual Peace: What Kant Should Have Said

000c8d85037886c86de15290e5a8e9bae7b66103

Reimagining Greek Tragedy on the American Stage

List of Illustrations Preface Introduction CHAPTER ONE. Greek Tragedy Finds an American Audience 1. Setting the Stage 2. American Theater Makes Greek Tragedy Its Own CHAPTER TWO. Making Total Theater in America: Choreography and Music 1. Hellenic Influences on the Development of American Modern Dance 2. American Gesamtkunstwerke 3. Musical Theater 4. Visual Choreography in Robert Wilson's Alcestis CHAPTER THREE. Democratizing Greek Tragedy 1. Antigone and Politics in the Nineteenth Century: The Boston 1890 Antigone 2. Performance Groups in the 1960s--1970s: Brecht's Antigone by The Living Theatre 3. The 1980s and Beyond: Peter Sellars's Persians, Ajax, and Children of Heracles 4. Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound in the United States: From the Threat of Apocalypse to Communal Reconciliation CHAPTER FOUR. Reenvisioning the Hero: American Oedipus 1. Oedipus as Scapegoat 2. Plagues 3. Theban Cycles 4. Deconstructing Fatality 5. Abandonment CHAPTER FIVE. Reimagining Medea as American Other 1. Setting the Stage: Nineteenth-Century Medea 2. Medea as Social Critic from the Mid-1930s to the Late 1940s 3. Medea as Ethnic Other from the 1970s to the Present 4. Medea's Divided Self: Drag and Cross-Dressed Performances Epilogue Appendix A. Professional Productions and New Versions of Sophocles' and Euripides' Electras Appendix B. Professional Productions and New Versions of Antigone Appendix C. Professional Productions and New Versions of Aeschylus's Persians, Sophocles' Ajax, and Aeschylus's Prometheus Bound Appendix D. Professional Productions and New Versions of Oedipus Tyrannus Appendix E. Professional Productions and New Versions of Euripides' Medea Appendix F. Professional Productions and New Versions of Euripides' Iphigeneia in Aulis and Iphigeneia in Tauris Appendix G. Other Professional Productions and New Versions Notes References Index

000eb4e43735ee77ffe1691b91a0dee2d3e14cde

New Trigonometric form of The Hamilton's Quaternions

Is it possible to define, for certain values n the product of vectors of the real vector space of n dimensions, such that this is, with respect to multiplication and the ordinary addition of vectors, a numerical system which contains the system of real numbers? It can be proven that this cannot be done. In the space of four dimensions this construction is possible if we are apart from the commutativity of the multiplication. The resulting system is the one ofQUATERNIONS. In this work I first do a reminder of the fundamental concepts of Hamilton's Hypercomplex and then a deep work with such concepts.

000ec6bf952325ff038e9866c69ad097d96031b9

A Theory of Private vs. Public Placements in Public Firms

This paper studies a public firm's investment decision and whether to raise the equity capital needed using the public market (SEO, Secondary Equity Offering) or a private channel (PIPE, Private Investment in Public Equity). Issuing a PIPE allows the firm to enjoy more financial flexibility. This is modeled in two dimensions: First, funds can be raised faster. Second, dilution costs caused by asymmetric information can be alleviated endogenously. However PIPEs are costly because new shares are temporarily illiquid. The model explains what firms use one market or the other and the optimal timing of investments to better use financial flexibility. For instance, market illiquidity makes the firm less likely to issue a PIPE, asymmetric information makes it more likely. The paper then considers private debt contracts and shows that the pecking order need not hold. The model explains empirical regularities, for instance, why do SEOs have negative abnormal returns around its announcement whereas abnormal returns for PIPEs are positive.

0014e12eac7d90bb1959b6b2bc4f2b481cb0a512

青色発光CaS : Cu, F薄膜の熱処理と発光特性

001d134f355306faeb8993fe487a34e0ed0d278b

From J.J. ‘Boerjong’ Kotze to Hansie Cronje: Afrikaners and cricket in twentieth-century South Africa – diffusion and representation

This essay briefly traces the trajectory of late-nineteenth-century Afrikaner involvement in cricket. It then examines in greater depth the circumstances which during the first half of the twentieth century militated against the game developing a mass appeal among Afrikaners. The situation changed gradually with Afrikaner ascent to political power in 1948, and especially markedly different socio-economic prosperity during the 1960s, which contributed to cultural shifts and facilitated greater Afrikaner involvement in the game. The essay concludes with an assessment of the complex ways in which presumed Afrikaner identities played themselves out in the post-apartheid international sporting arena.

001fb24b565bf8a5faf5551f753a55f3eed6c81c

Roundtable: "The Ideal of Objectivity" and the Profession of History

002087b2c4408d83bc095c835ce70e3974d830c7

The geology and petrology of the Hannington Trachyphonolite formation, Kenya Rift Valley

Abstract Field, petrographical and geochemical studies of a group of late Pleistocene, alkaline and mildly peralkaline trachytic and trachyphonolitic lavas from the northern Kenya Rift have been undertaken. A large number of flows were erupted from widely dispersed centres to form an extensive volcanic shield within the floor of the rift. The major element composition of most rocks was substantially modified during crystallisation, but other data show that differentiation within the suite was the result of protracted feldspar fractionation of a trachytic magma with intially very low abundances of residual trace elements.

00212b846a99385d4fbea9a61cafc00aea3a2bfb

[Immigration of physicians and dentists into Hungary in the 1980's and 90's].

Following the fall of the socialist regime in Hungary (1989), it was observed by patients and doctors alike that the number of foreign physicians and dentists significantly increased in the late 1980's and the early 1990's. There was no scientific research so far about these changes. Based on a cross-sectional study in 2001, there are 39,122 registered and professionally active members in the Hungarian Medical Chamber in Hungary. There are 33,915 physicians and 5,207 dentists. At present, the total number of foreign citizens among them amounts to 797, including 517 doctors who studied in Hungarian universities, albeit in English, not in Hungarian. There are also 2,167 doctors with Hungarian citizenship with a medical diploma from abroad. It is likely, that 260-270 people in this group were already Hungarian citizens before entering medical training. Subtracting them from the 2,167 doctors and adding 517 foreigners trained in Hungary, it may be stated that approximately 2,400 doctors work in the Hungarian health care as a result of international migration.

0021cb364227522163177b7ca0d268134e746728

The Use of Risk Assessment Tools and Prognostic Scores in Managing Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Purpose of ReviewPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite increasingly available treatment options, PAH patients continue to experience disease progression and increased rates of hospitalizations due to right heart failure. Physician’s ability to comprehensively assess PAH patients, determine prognosis, and monitor disease progression and response to treatment remains critical in optimizing outcomes.Recent FindingsRisk assessment in PAH should include a range of clinical, hemodynamic, and exercise parameters, performed in a serial fashion over the course of treatment. Approaches to risk assessment in PAH patients include the use of risk variables, scores, and equations that stratify the impact of both modifiable (e.g., 6-min walk distance, functional class, brain natriuretic peptide), and non-modifiable (e.g., age, gender, PAH etiology) risk factors. Such tools allow physicians to better determine prognosis, allocate treatment resources, and enhance the consistency of treatment approaches across providers.SummaryComprehensive and accurate risk prediction is essential to make individualized treatment decisions and optimizing outcomes in PAH.

0025b15c34b6942030d16b002424d022da26bbdc

Goedel Machines: Self-Referential Universal Problem Solvers Making Provably Optimal Self-Improvements

We present the first class of mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential, self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers. Inspired by Kurt Goedel's celebrated self-referential formulas (1931), such a problem solver rewrites any part of its own code as soon as it has found a proof that the rewrite is useful, where the problem-dependent utility function and the hardware and the entire initial code are described by axioms encoded in an initial proof searcher which is also part of the initial code. The searcher systematically and efficiently tests computable proof techniques (programs whose outputs are proofs) until it finds a provably useful, computable self-rewrite. We show that such a self-rewrite is globally optimal - no local maxima! - since the code first had to prove that it is not useful to continue the proof search for alternative self-rewrites. Unlike previous non-self-referential methods based on hardwired proof searchers, ours not only boasts an optimal order of complexity but can optimally reduce any slowdowns hidden by the O()-notation, provided the utility of such speed-ups is provable at all.

0027162f752341ec96a15373efafd0a56d22d37b

The Role of the Teacher in Home Study

0028d222364e96b951d2e7cb2c0d406966bd6fa9

The Josephus problem

We give explicit non-recursive formulas to compute the Josephus-numbers j(n, 2, i) and j(n, 3, i) and explicit upper and lower bounds for j(n, k, i) (where k ~ 4) which differ by 2k 2 (for k = 4 the bounds are even better). Furthermore we present a new fast algorithm to calculate j(n, k, i) which is based upon the mentioned bounds.

0029408a8a227f88a4e64ed6553061258be209c2

Compiling language definitions: the ASF+SDF compiler

The ASF+SDF Meta-Environment is an interactive language development environment whose main application areas are definition and implementation of domain-specific languages, generation of program analysis and transformation tools, and production of software renovation tools. It uses conditional rewrite rules to define the dynamic semantics and other tool-oriented aspects of languages, so the effectiveness of the generated tools is critically dependent on the quality of the rewrite rule implementation. The ASF+SDF rewrite rule compiler generates C code, thus taking advantage of C's portability and the sophisticated optimization capabilities of current C compilers as well as avoiding potential abstract machine interface bottlenecks. It can handle large (10,000+ rule) language definitions and uses an efficient run-time storage scheme capable of handling large (1,000,000+ node) terms. Term storage uses maximal subterm sharing (hash-consing), which turns out to be more effective in the case of ASF+SDF than in Lisp or SML. Extensive benchmarking has shown the time and space performance of the generated code to be as good as or better than that of the best current rewrite rule and functional language compilers.

002fd5ed38aba7ca4cd6852949c63a6daca60dac

Forging the Collective Memory: Government and International Historians Through Two World Wars

When studying the origins of World War One, scholars have relied heavily on the series of key diplomatic documents published by the governments of both the defeated and the victorious powers in the 1920s and 1930s. However, this volume shows that these volumes, rather than dealing objectively with the past, were used by the different governments to project an interpretation of the origins of the Great War that was more palatable to them and their country than the truth might have been.

00331e20f71e1e2561df4c51173914c2b287a208

Africa - Financial Sector Development & Regionalization Project I (FSDRP I) : P121611 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 05

0039f711a258ec451edbf3f895829990d3ca4288

Social Order and the Origin of Language in Tokugawa Political Thought

003fe36fdb84859acb25a7657b211527e543740b

Information Disclosure through Agents: Evidence from a Field Experiment

With a large nationwide retailer, we run a natural eld experiment to measure the eects of energy use information disclosure, rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy ecient durable goods. Sales incentives and rebates are complementary, but information and sales incentives alone have statistically and economically insignicant eects. Sales agents comply only partially with the experiment, targeting information at the most interested consumers but not discussing energy eciency with the disinterested majority. In follow-up surveys, most consumers are aware of the energy ecient model and may even overestimate its benets, suggesting that imperfect information is not a major barrier to adoption in this context.

003fe8e0cfcaced80363cd4f182e5f69d9e1569a

The Myth of Marketization: An Evaluation of the Persistence of Non-Market Activities in Advanced Economies

Across the social sciences, a recurring theme is that market production, where goods and services are produced for monetized exchange by capitalist firms for profit-motivated purposes, has replaced non-market production in the advanced economies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically this marketization thesis. Analyzing data on the volume of market and non-market activity, this paper reveals not only the relatively shallow penetration of the market sphere but also how for some four decades, contrary to the marketization thesis, the non-market sphere has been growing relative to the market realm. Rather than view non-market activity as a vestige of a pre-capitalist past, this paper thus explains the persistence and growth of non-market activity as a product of both the prevalence of resistance cultures to marketism and the inherent contradictions embedded in the pursuit of marketization. The paper thus concludes that not only is there a need to decentre representations of the market as victorious, pervasive and hegemonic, but also for greater recognition and value to be given to the non-market realm and the possibility of alternative futures beyond marketization.

0044dacc899ca92da3435593124f0409a4c61b54

The Foundation of the Origin of Species: The Foundation of the Origin of Species

0046013efd015392288531446da45233dc4979f4

Supra-Specific Variation in Nature and in Classification. A Few Examples from Mammalian Paleontology

0046d129f92a1cbf70d9001f397aa83f772cadca

A domain-based digital summary of the evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic of North America and Greenland and associated unconformity-related uranium mineralization

Abstract Studies of the evolution of the Earth require a better understanding of regional geological geology, particularly for earth scientists who do not have broad, domain-specific knowledge. The Palaeoproterozoic geology of North America and Greenland has been summarized at domain level using the database system developed for the IGCP 509 project “Palaeoproterozoic Supercontinents and Global Evolution”, with additional geochronological information from the DateView database. A series of diagrams illustrate and contrast the geochronology and isotopic evolution of the Trans-Hudson Orogen and its bounding older crustal domains. These are accompanied by several time-space correlation charts and time-slice tectonic reconstructions showing the lithostratigraphy of the region. The origin and setting of uranium mineralization in Canada is discussed in order to illustrate the knowledge potential captured within these databases.

00470a66b5d4d7a1fff5d0accc02aa28ddef12c0

Use of antithrombotic medications among elderly ischemic stroke patients.

BACKGROUND The use of antithrombotic medications after ischemic stroke is recommended for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis and secondary stroke prevention. We assessed the rate of receipt of these therapies among eligible ischemic stroke patients age ≥65 years and determined the effects of age and other patient characteristics on treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS The analysis included Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries discharged with ischemic stroke (ICD 433.x1, 434.x1, 436) randomly selected for inclusion in the Medicare Health Care Quality Improvement Program's National Stroke Project 1998 to 1999, 2000 to 2001. Patients discharged from nonacute facilities, transferred, or terminally ill were excluded. Receipt of in-hospital pharmacological deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, antiplatelet medication, anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation, and antithrombotic medications at discharge were assessed in eligible patients, stratified by age (65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85+ years). Descriptive models identified characteristics associated with treatment. Among 31 554 patients, 14.9% of those eligible received pharmacological deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, 83.9% antiplatelet drugs, 82.8% anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation, and 74.2% were discharged on an antithrombotic medication. Rates of treatment decreased with age and were lowest for patients ages 85 years or older. Admission from a skilled nursing facility and functional dependence were associated with lower treatment rates. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial underutilization of antithrombotic therapies among elderly ischemic stroke patients, particularly among the very elderly, those admitted from skilled nursing facilities, and patients with functional dependence. The reasons for low use of antithrombotic therapies, including the apparent underutilization of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in otherwise eligible patients, require further investigation.

00484792b19c3b6bb0f1aa588d6c310994dd2322

Molecular ecology of marine mammals

Marine mammals comprise a paraphyletic group of species whose current abundance and distribution has been greatly shaped by past environmental changes and anthropogenic impacts. This thesis describ ...

0048cb1b3270bd50060ec6311bf74e38efb7f663

Akio Kamio In Memoriam

004c4e436d487e597136eccda2a259b3aeb6add0

EFFECT OF CATIONIC STRENGTH AND SPECIES ON 2-D CONDENSATION OF DNA

The structure of DNA molecules condensed on cationic lipid bilayers changes in the presence of high-valence cations. For a plasmid DNA, it is found that the interhelical distance of condensed DNA has a minimum as the concentration of Mg2+ ions increases. However, divalent Mn2+ ions do not induce similar changes. More dramatically, the triamine spermidine causes most condensed DNA molecules to leave the bilayers at a concentration of only 0.05 mM. These findings may be useful for understanding how 2-D condensation of DNA occurs.

004e46191d89d086c35661fd88257374efe5c574

Gender, social change, and the media : perspectives from Nepal

0054c38355f3c57c4fdb0ac70e1ab709beada2d8

[Pediatric health care within the family medicine framework].

005767993d59935f9624939a394787a46a28e5d2

Public enterprise, public works, social fixed capital

The result of our digression is, incidentally, that the production of the means of communication, of the physical conditions of circulation, is put into the category of the production of fixed capital, and hence does not constitute a special case. Meanwhile, and incidentally, there opened up for us the prospect, which cannot be sharply defined yet at this point, of a specific relation of capital to the communal, general conditions of social production, as distinct from the conditions of a particular capital and its particular production process (Marx, edn 1973, 533).

0058cbe110933f73c21fa6cc9ae0cd23e974a9c7

An Efficient Algorithm for Learning Distances that Obey the Triangle Inequality

Semi-supervised clustering improves performance using constraints that indicate if two images belong to the same category or not. Success depends on how effectively these constraints can be propagated to the unsupervised data. Many algorithms use these constraints to learn Euclidean distances in a vector space. However, distances between images are often computed using classifiers or combinatorial algorithms that make distance learning difficult. In such a setting, we propose to use the triangle inequality to propagate constraints to unsupervised data. First, we formulate distance learning as a metric nearness problem where a brute-force Quadratic Program (QP) is used to modify the distances such that the total change in distances is minimized but the final distances obey the triangle inequality. Then we propose a much faster version of the QP that enforces only a subset of the inequalities and can be applied to real world clustering datasets. We show experimentally that this efficient QP produces stronger clustering results on face, leaf and video image datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art methods for constrained clustering. To gain insight into the effectiveness of this algorithm, we analyze a special case of the semi-supervised clustering problem, and show that the subset of constraints that we sample still preserves key properties of the distances that would be produced by enforcing all constraints.

005908d6095fc6ead1e9cb00ad23e35682d46f9f

“I know not what yet that I feele is much:” The rhetoric of negation in the English air

0059bec1c8cabf3f5766fd3ea41c1d22d1a32c44

Cyberattack detection in mobile cloud computing: A deep learning approach

With the rapid growth of mobile applications and cloud computing, mobile cloud computing has attracted great interest from both academia and industry. However, mobile cloud applications are facing security issues such as data integrity, users' confidentiality, and service availability. A preventive approach to such problems is to detect and isolate cyber threats before they can cause serious impacts to the mobile cloud computing system. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages a deep learning approach to detect cyberattacks in mobile cloud environment. Through experimental results, we show that our proposed framework not only recognizes diverse cyberattacks, but also achieves a high accuracy (up to 97.11%) in detecting the attacks. Furthermore, we present the comparisons with current machine learning-based approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution.

005b152648dd017b95c77fe4f9ae7db6e3002962

BRCA1ユビキチンリガーゼと乳癌 (第1土曜特集 ユビキチン研究の新展開--メカニズムから疾患研究へ) -- (病態生理編)

006959c9a648ceb4133ec7bc3e71f8e044c88f26

Evolution: What's on the menu?

food substrates has evolved from interactions with the trillions of microorganisms that co-exist in our gut. But what evolutionary factors shape the diversity of gut microbial communities? Reporting in Science, Ley, Gordon and colleagues now provide us with a microbial view of mammalian evolution with their finding that mammalian diet, phylogeny and gut physiology influence the composition of the gut microbiota and that microbial communities have co-diversified with their hosts. Gordon et al. conducted a census of the faecal bacterial communities of 59 different mammalian species living in zoos in San Diego and St Louis, USA, and in the wild, including 17 non-human primates and animals that had an unusual diet for their taxonomic lineage. New network-based analyses together with more traditional tree-based analyses were then used to relate gut community ecology to the mammalian hosts that harbour them. In general, the gut microbial composition of members of a single mammalian species was similar regardless of its provenance, supporting the notion of inter-generational transfer of gut communities. The ability to use plants as a food source evolved repeatedly from ancestral carnivorous mammals. Moreover, most extant mammals are herbivores. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA, the gut microbiota of herbivores in this study was found to be more diverse than that of omnivores and carnivores, which suggests that diet is an important determinant of microbial community structure. The authors’ work indicates that promiscuous gut microorganisms allowed unrelated mammals with similar gut structures to assemble similar microbial communities and that the microbial solution to herbivory in different gut structures (for example, a simple gut, a hindgut or a foregut) was similar regardless of host lineage. Humans seem to be representative of typical omnivores and can be placed together with our omnivorous primate relatives. This bottom-up perspective of animal evolution implicates gut microorganisms as co-conspirators in the spectacular evolutionary success of mammals. According to Gordon and colleagues, ‘‘our next task is to characterize the microbial communities’ gene content (microbiomes) to better understand how these observations relate to the metabolic capacities of the microbiota and expand these studies to other members of the animal kingdom.’’ Gillian Young

0069fd0d076feee1effb0c3a958d9d06fdfc8540

On the Taxonomy of Flux Vacua

We investigate several predictions about the properties of IIB flux vacua on Calabi-Yau orientifolds, by constructing and characterizing a very large set of vacua in a specific example, an orientifold of the Calabi-Yau hypersurface in WP{sub 1,1,1,1,4}{sup 4}. We find support for the prediction of Ashok and Douglas that the density of vacua on moduli space is governed by det(-R-{omega}) where R and {omega} are curvature and Kaehler forms on the moduli space. The conifold point {psi} = 1 on moduli space therefore serves as an attractor, with a significant fraction of the flux vacua contained in a small neighborhood surrounding {psi} = 1. We also study the functional dependence of the number of flux vacua on the D3 charge in the fluxes, finding simple power law growth.

006a2834928385b8be72aa44c07a3d3ce006d469

What is wrong with SLASH

In an experiment featuring nonlinear optics, delayed choice and EPR-type correlations, the possibility of faster-than-light communication appears not totally implausible. Attempts are put forward and discussed to refute this claim.

006c6f8dc2f08b8369d88818d77cc531080e183f

A historical geography of the British Empire

006df2225387da333a3c5c5256cd211368711ff4

Leverage and Pricing in Buyouts: An Empirical Analysis*

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the financial structure of large recent buyouts. We collect detailed information of the financings of 153 large buyouts (averaging over $1 billion in enterprise value). We document the manner in which these important transactions are financed. Buyout leverage is cross-sectionally unrelated to the leverage of matched public firms, and is largely driven by other factors than what explains leverage in public firms. In particular, the economy-wide cost of borrowing seems to drive leverage. Prices paid in buyouts are related to the prices observed for matched firms in the public market, but are also strongly affected by the economy-wide cost of borrowing. These results are consistent with a view in which the availability of financing impacts booms and busts in the private equity market.

006e58a0d6cd8637a027290ad7e378ffee547f48

Static and quasi-static compositions of stream processing applications from dynamic dataflow programs

Dynamic dataflow models for their expressiveness properties have shown to represent more adequate and attractive solutions for describing state of the art signal processing applications. However, they are known to present potential run-time penalties when implementations are obtained by mapping and scheduling a dataflow network partition on a processing unit. In general terms, a completely static scheduling at compile-time of dynamic dataflow programs remains an unsolved problem. Several approaches for the composition of actors are promising approach that can significantly reduce the potential penalty of run-time scheduling thus increasing the overall performance of the system. This paper presents static and quasi-static composition techniques that results in a reduction of the portion of dynamic dataflow networks, by applying appropriate transformations to network partitions that after a specific analysis demonstrate to possess a predictable behaviour. Some experiments based on a video processing application ported on several system-on-chips show the achievable speedup corresponding to the reduction of the number of run-time scheduling decisions.

0073ef30e16062330207f588ffb238f7c87af71d

A Tutorial Introduction to the Lambda Calculus

This paper is a concise and painless introduction to the $\lambda$-calculus. This formalism was developed by Alonzo Church as a tool for studying the mathematical properties of effectively computable functions. The formalism became popular and has provided a strong theoretical foundation for the family of functional programming languages. This tutorial shows how to perform arithmetical and logical computations using the $\lambda$-calculus and how to define recursive functions, even though $\lambda$-calculus functions are unnamed and thus cannot refer explicitly to themselves.

0074a1da2af8aca2c7a28bfcfc0067917041ad4d

Genetic Potential of Certain Populations of Drosophila

0076261e92f8508b1127a30f1ae3f720af344bdd

Sustainability indicators : an annotated bibliography with emphasis on fishery systems, coastal zones and watersheds

0077ef7e1d7b68fbacb8a26f3193f425de9b1790

Governance of social enterprises in South Yorkshire, UK: Towards a new orientation

Social enterprise as a concept is at the core of the United Kingdom’s government strategies of ameliorating socio economic deprivation and has experienced phenomenal growth across the country over the years. Globalisation and increased demands for effective social welfare interventions is increasingly forcing social enterprises to evaluate their governance structures in addition to business models to ensure success and longevity of their operations. Consequently, there has been an upsurge of interest in the governance of social enterprises over the past 15 years as it has become apparent that financial sustainability of social enterprise also depends on effective decision making at strategic level and their ability to engage with a variety of stakeholders outside the social economy. Despite this increased in interest there are still significant gaps in the understanding and knowledge of how nature and type of governance model influence the operational efficiency of social enterprises. This is particularly in view of apparent shift from democratic to stewardship types of governance models of governance by some social enterprise. The focus of this paper is on generating additional knowledge on the reasons of this paradigm shift in social enterprise governance, given lack of in-depth academic scrutiny on this phenomenon. The paper presents and critically analyses key results emerging from a doctoral investigation on the governance of social enterprise in South Yorkshire.

007867e4f974eb6936ad1c911b7bd5703b21ec12

Conceptual Clustering Using Lingo Algorithm: Evaluation on Open Directory Project Data

Search results clustering problem is defined as an automatic, on-line grouping of similar documents in a search hits list, returned from a search engine. In this paper we present the results of an experimental evaluation of a new algorithm named Lingo. We use Open Directory Project as a source of high-quality narrow-topic document references and mix them into several multi-topic test sets for the algorithm We then compare the clusters acquired from Lingo to the expected set of ODP categories mixed in the input. Finally we discuss observations from the experiment, highlighting the algorithm’s strengths and weaknesses and conclude with research directions for the future.

00799c198af7d9ead44cc069c0ee1ec8bcd25a0d

THE DIMENSION OF OBJECTIVITY OF LIANG‐CHIH: A CRITICAL STUDY OF MOU TSUNG‐SAN'S THEORY OF LIANG‐CHIH

007a928e4f23d8d51c492f0804c5760a9c97ed92

A Note on Barr's Contribution to the Scholarship of Soviet Art

007db801cfbf334eacf394ae5cc0708cc95e6df5

Miogeoclines and suspect terranes of the Caledonian–Appalachian Orogen: tectonic patterns in the North Atlantic region

The Caledonian–Appalachian Orogen was formed by the closing of a Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. The continental margins of Iapetus are identified in the deformed early Paleozoic miogeoclines of the Caledonian–Appalachian Orogen. Ophiolitic vestiges of Iapetus, its oceanic plateaus, microcontinents, and volcanic arcs are Caledonian–Appalachian suspect terranes. These were assembled in interior parts of the orogen and locally they were emplaced structurally upon the adjacent miogeoclines.The modern North Atlantic Ocean opened along an axis that traversed the Paleozoic orogen longitudinally. Its opening dispersed the elements of the Paleozoic orogen and led to the present arrangement of disjunct Paleozoic miogeoclines and suspect terranes throughout the North Atlantic borderlands.The western or North American margin of Iapetus is represented by the miogeoclines along the west flank of the North American Appalachians and Caledonides of east Greenland. A small North American miogeoclinal segment occurs in the Britis...

007e86cb55f0ba0415a7764a1e9f9566c1e8784b

Adversarial Feature Learning

The ability of the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) framework to learn generative models mapping from simple latent distributions to arbitrarily complex data distributions has been demonstrated empirically, with compelling results showing generators learn to "linearize semantics" in the latent space of such models. Intuitively, such latent spaces may serve as useful feature representations for auxiliary problems where semantics are relevant. However, in their existing form, GANs have no means of learning the inverse mapping -- projecting data back into the latent space. We propose Bidirectional Generative Adversarial Networks (BiGANs) as a means of learning this inverse mapping, and demonstrate that the resulting learned feature representation is useful for auxiliary supervised discrimination tasks, competitive with contemporary approaches to unsupervised and self-supervised feature learning.

0080fed1c3048bb930467487085a7db0626eed22

Novel fabrication of magnetic thermoplastic nanofibers via melt extrusion of immiscible blends

A novel technique of fabricating magnetic thermoplastic nanofibers by the control of the phase separation of immiscible polymer blends during melt extrusion was presented. The magnetic poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE)/Fe3O4 composite nanofibers were prepared via the melt extrusion of cellulose acetate butyrate matrix and PVA-co-PE preloaded with different amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The morphologies of magnetic composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The uniform dispersion of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in nanofiber matrixes and crystal structures were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to quantify the exact loading amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the composite nanofibers. The magnetic measurements showed that composite nanofibers displayed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. With increasing content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the saturation magnetization of the magnetic composite nanofiber significantly improved. The prepared magnetic composite nanofibers might have found potential applications in the sensors and bio-molecular separation fields. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

0081b75aca4c92e64d46cc3a2c2c004e5938ede7

The changing view of eukaryogenesis - fossils, cells, lineages and how they all come together.

Eukaryogenesis - the emergence of eukaryotic cells - represents a pivotal evolutionary event. With a fundamentally more complex cellular plan compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotes are major contributors to most aspects of life on Earth. For decades, we have understood that eukaryotic origins lie within both the Archaea domain and α-Proteobacteria. However, it is much less clear when, and from which precise ancestors, eukaryotes originated, or the order of emergence of distinctive eukaryotic cellular features. Many competing models for eukaryogenesis have been proposed, but until recently, the absence of discriminatory data meant that a consensus was elusive. Recent advances in paleogeology, phylogenetics, cell biology and microbial diversity, particularly the discovery of the 'Candidatus Lokiarcheaota' phylum, are now providing new insights into these aspects of eukaryogenesis. The new data have allowed the time frame during which eukaryogenesis occurred to be finessed, a more precise identification of the contributing lineages and the biological features of the contributors to be clarified. Considerable advances have now been used to pinpoint the prokaryotic origins of key eukaryotic cellular processes, such as intracellular compartmentalisation, with major implications for models of eukaryogenesis.

0081b9f325521c79ee07192e32106ba8aa027e2e

American Capitals: A Historical Geography

00863df87dc8cd60b4b25d1cd1de81d3804de6fd

Studies on the Abuse and Decline of Reason: Text and Documents

0086b04707890516264e940fde62d56e2b53cd23

THE TRUTH ABOUT SUCCESS 成功する人に共通する、「才能」よりも重要なある「心理的特徴」とは (WE ARE ALL IN THE PSYCHOLOGY GAME "人を動かす科学"の最前線 すべては「心理」が決めていた)

0089cc5c6bf5ca01abd1346c1ed0c6513dfeb8d0

Writing Religion: The Making of Turkish Alevi Islam by Markus Dressler (review)

008a243b19ced323c3f992e117c052ed08b23876

Central venous line dysfunction is an independent predictor of poor survival in children with cancer.

Central venous line (CVL) dysfunction (mainly from thrombotic occlusion) is a frequent, but relatively less-studied complication compared with infection and thromboembolism (TE). In adults with cancer, TE results in poor outcome. We evaluated the impact of CVL-dysfunction and TE on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in children with noncentral nervous system cancer (n=358). CVL-dysfunction was defined as persistent or recurrent difficulty of blood draw and/or infusion. Event was defined as cancer relapse, second malignancy, or death due to any cause. OS and EFS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves compared using log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Weibull regression model. Diagnosis of TE (n=43, 12%) had no effect on the OS and EFS. Children with CVL-dysfunction (n=74, 21%) had shorter 5- and 10-year EFS compared with children without CVL-dysfunction (P=0.029 and P=0.027). Multiple regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, diagnostic era, TE, and cancer type identified CVL-dysfunction as an independent determinant of 5-year OS (HR 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.42; P=0.043) and EFS (HR 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.41; P=0.018). Although the etiology of adverse impact of CVL-dysfunction on survival is unknown, its prevention and prompt treatment may improve outcome from cancer in children. Further prospective studies are recommended.

008a2af67ff3b27b749be2f211aba9f136fa234c

Haploidy and Angiosperm Evolution

008b5715a2e3a52674edc325853577de86588681

Cicero, rhetoric, and empire

Introduction 1. Romans in the provinces: power, autonomy, and identity 2. How to become a Roman: the cases of Archias and Balbus 3. Controlling the uncontrollable: Cicero and the generals 4. Portrait of the orator as a great man: Cicero on Cicero 5. Imperial contexts Epilogue: the limits of oratory

008c065e61ecef1577d443fa5996e4e238762c9a

Fungal Evolution: Aquatic–Terrestrial Transitions

The coevolution of plants and fungi is of key importance to the development of life on land. Much of our understanding of this long-shared evolutionary history comes from (1) the study of living species, in particular through molecular phylogenetics and (2) direct fossil evidence of plant–fungus interactions and fungal diversity in general. However little is known about the aquatic–terrestrial transitions in fungal evolution. In this article we discuss some hypotheses that have arisen from molecular data and the fossil record, and we highlight particular traits that can be helpful to understand the origin of fungi and their evolutionary history.

0094bad7eeec54d98c19a860e87d82949452ff08

Things in Themselves as Regulative Ideas: What Kant Should Have Said

009886d5de1629def425e9930329d7255b63a091

Air Quality Climate Research and Education

009af3a1fa932ea1a9efa8d34cb0b6e32feae15e

Secure and Flexible Monitoring of Virtual Machines

The monitoring of virtual machines has many applications in areas such as security and systems management. A monitoring technique known as introspection has received significant discussion in the research literature, but these prior works have focused on the applications of introspection rather than how to properly build a monitoring architecture. In this paper we propose a set of requirements that should guide the development of virtual machine monitoring solutions. To illustrate the viability of these requirements, we describe the design of XenAccess, a monitoring library for operating systems running on Xen. XenAccess incorporates virtual memory introspection and virtual disk monitoring capabilities, allowing monitor applications to safely and efficiently access the memory state and disk activity of a target operating system. XenAccess' efficiency and functionality are illustrated through a series of performance tests and practical examples.

009ec38f44ff661966e96514fb4ae7df78ad93cf

Using First Principles Calculations to Estimate Thermal Properties of Graphite and its Defects

00a14ca401233d3d750b1fda923b9aa22742977e

Relations between geologic problems and the radioactivity of rocks and waters [abstracts]

00a1686bd31638544760e40e411b9dcb9d744eb8

The Nature and Direction of Economic Reform in North Korea

In this article we critically examine the nature and direction of economic reform in North Korea. While North Korea began to experiment with reforms and a partial open-door policy in the mid-1980s, the most substantial attempt at economic restructuring occurred in July 2002. In these latest reforms, the government attempted to change the planned economic system through the introduction of price reforms, market and commodity relations, profit motivation and material incentives. However, scholars disagree on the nature and direction of economic restructuring. In order to analyze the state of economic transformation, we develop a conceptual framework of market socialism with a set of empirical indicators against which we examine the trends, direction and limitations of reforms. Our study strongly suggests that North Korea is moving away from the command economy towards a model of market socialism as practiced in China and Vietnam.

00a51eb14fb59a549eb74272a3a0bf2dc29eed40

Poster - Developing new model organisms among marine holozoans, the closest unicellular relatives of animals

00ae6f69726fb75827033fc2de07af9039e49768

Polyelectrolyte catalysis of the alkaline hydrolysis of neutral and anionic esters

Alkaline hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid (NABA). and 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid (NABAA), has been carried out in the presence of cationic polyelectrolytes of varying degree of hydrophobic character or micelles. Ion–molecule and ion–ion reactions are accelerated by cationic polyelectrolytes, and the acceleration becomes larger with increasing hydrophobic character of the esters and/or polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolyte catalysis is analysed in terms of saturation kinetics, and the equilibrium association constant and the rate coefficients of the polyelectrolyte–ester complex are calculated. The relative catalytic contributions of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions is discussed.

00af14723fa3c27cdfa8906e673b76d0bbcc2e42

[성공적인 U-City 사업전략과 기대효과]

00af3280fe88154632dc399fd1b3c8d61d253d65

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace as a Function of Initiator's Status: The Case of Airline Personnel

This study focuses on women's perceptions of socio-sexual behaviors in the workplace initiated by males with varying degrees of status. Using an airline population, female flight attendants were asked to record the incidence of sexual harassment by personnel of higher, equal, and lower status. Subjects then rated their affective responses to hypothetical scenarios involving similar interactions. It was hypothesized that the lower the status of the harasser, the more negative the recipient's affective state. Results show the affective state of the recipient is most negative with lower-status personnel engaging in moderate verbal and physical harassment. With mild harassment, status has no differential effect. Social exchange and habituation explanations are used to account for the data.

00b2deb8225aa0106c08d5480e68c66174cc3e70

EXPLAINING TELEOLOGY IN ARISTOTLE’S BIOLOGY

00b5c643c317563cf3772bc2fac4117428be8547

The rhetorical hero : an essay on the aesthetics of André Malraux

00bab1faff2f5df0ed8251ac1972c78850505422

On the Semantics of Gringo

Input languages of answer set solvers are based on the mathematically simple concept of a stable model. But many useful constructs available in these languages, including local variables, conditional literals, and aggregates, cannot be easily explained in terms of stable models in the sense of the original definition of this concept and its straightforward generalizations. Manuals written by designers of answer set solvers usually explain such constructs using examples and informal comments that appeal to the user's intuition, without references to any precise semantics. We propose to approach the problem of defining the semantics of gringo programs by translating them into the language of infinitary propositional formulas. This semantics allows us to study equivalent transformations of gringo programs using natural deduction in infinitary propositional logic.

00bb3fa1346d5c610e9d3ce063b5f1d05dc911f3

Social Construction of Skill: Gender, Power, and Comparable Worth.

Conventional definitions of skill have been challenged by comparable worth. The pressures that contribute to simple definitions of skill are uncovered through an identification of the major sources of gender bias in job evaluation systems. Actual pay equity initiatives are examined to highlight the conflictual process by which new definitions of skill are socially constructed or blocked through political action. Research on comparable worth offers a unique opportunity to develop a more sophisticated understanding of the power relations that maintain the gendered character of the labor market.

00bc080113bd49f46f71d8d3e3980faa33bc1ba6

The Atlantic papers : political and strategic studies

00c48ca6826a0a3db8467ca04ae1631aaaa19855

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Central Anatolian Volcanics

00c4a3597343da2d04cf42ecea12bf2f2d1a2a6f

Explorations in Central Borneo

00c7e42766b956fc672a900ee4bac8a113c6cfcf

Keeping the World in Hot Water: A Look at the Water Heater Industry, Past, Present, and Future

00c82cba1537399d6985b040a79e1774e617b485

Symbiotic conversations are revealed under genetic interrogation

The recent development and application of molecular genetics to the symbionts of invertebrate animal species have advanced our knowledge of the biochemical communication that occurs between the host and its bacterial symbionts. In particular, the ability to manipulate these associations experimentally by introducing genetic variants of the symbionts into naive hosts has allowed the discovery of novel colonization mechanisms and factors. In addition, the role of the symbionts in inducing normal host development has been revealed, and its molecular basis described. In this Review, I discuss many of these developments, focusing on what has been discovered in five well-understood model systems.

00ca65899f607ddbd6ffce35c592465c49d681c0

Applied ergonomics in the USSR.

The article describes historical premises of ergonomics development in the USSR, the present state and main direction of applied ergonomics, and its effective data. The new stage of ergonomics development in the USSR connected with the organization of scientific and technological cooperation in the field of ergonomics between the countries that are members of the Council for Mutual Economic Aid is discussed. The scientific problems of ergonomics, to which a great number of studies are devoted in the USSR, are hardly touched in the article.

00cbad4cba7fb7da2dc2e437daf34d0c7d25b2d0

XCB, the Last of the Shortest Single Axioms for the Classical Equivalential Calculus

It has long been an open question whether the formula XCB = EpEEEpqErqr is, with the rules of substitution and detachment, a single axiom for the classical equivalential calculus. This paper answers that question affirmatively, thus completing a search for all such eleven-symbol single axioms that began seventy years ago.

00cc9030841491a26138e0274daea4e32fe12ad1

Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science (review)

00cd78f066c868f87e63a5c1e8e5e4a4521a0d39

Rugged individualism reconsidered : essays in psychological anthropology

00cef60d71bcff4d2316d67b759d41a70fe378e4

The Public Benefits of Cleaned Water: Emerging Greenway Opportunities.

00d068c63ad1f04f24dbefe9e93477a6e7c89723

The Khanka Block, NE China, and its significance for the evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and continental accretion

00d0a9fcb67fb3b8657f54ea1632f9b7bb8a21fa

Unveiling the Viral Ecology of Earth

00d2af6068385f33f3ed90dab312591a26209e6e

Aaron Swartz's The Programmable Web: An Unfinished Work

Abstract This short work is the first draft of a book manuscript by Aaron Swartz written for the series "Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web" at the invitation of its editor, James Hendler. Unfortunately, the book wasn't completed before Aaron's death in January 2013. As a tribute, the editor and publisher are publishing the work digitally without cost. From the author's introduction: " . . . we will begin by trying to understand the architecture of the Web -- what it got right and, occasionally, what it got wrong, but most importantly why it is the way it is. We will learn how it allows both users and search engines to co-exist peacefully while supporting everything from photo-sharing to financial transactions. We will continue by considering what it means to build a program on top of the Web -- how to write software that both fairly serves its immediate users as well as the developers who want to build on top of it. Too often, an API is bolted on top of an existing application, as an afterthought or ...

00d45f21b3de7025859cfd770db39c3332ce9117

Ralph Knupp Watkins

00d773982c2acf889943db1176263bdd060442a3

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE WEIXI-JINGHONG FAULT DEPRESSION ZONE

According to the geophysical data and geological comprehensive analysis,the nearly south-north Weixi-Wuliangshan-Jinghong geological bolck on the west side of Lanping-Simao depression zone is characterized by a fault depression zone.From Devonian,the mantle began to rise and form a lifting zone.And a east-west extension with local volcanism took place in the Earth crust.From Carboniferous to Triassic,there were a great amount of volcanic eruptions mainly intermediate-acidic in it,which was closed in Early Jurassic and with a thick clastic sediment of Mesozoic and Cenozoic.And many large or medium ore deposits were developed with the formation of this fault depression zone.

00dcc1baf1c1db1e8f5ff8ac63f0345a4b32ca9b

Shiveluch volcano: seismicity, deep structure and forecasting eruptions (kamchatka)

Abstract The deep structure, Wadati-Benioff zone (focal zone) geometry and the magma feeding system of Shiveluch volcano are investigated based on 1962–1994 detailed seismic surveillance. A focal zone beneath Shiveluch is dipping at an angle of 70° at depths of 100–200 km. Based on the revealed interrelations between seismicity at depths of 105–120 km and an extrusive phase of its eruptions in 1980 through 1994, it is inferred that primary magmas, periodically feeding the crustal chamber, are melted at depths of at least 100 km. An upsurge of extrusive-explosive activity at the volcano is preceded and accompanied by the increasing number and energy of both volcanic earthquakes beneath the dome and tectonic or volcano-tectonic earthquakes in the zones of NW-striking crustal faults near the volcano.The eruption of April 1993 has been the most powerful since 1964. It was successfully predicted based on interactive use of all seismic data. At the same time the influence of seismicity at depths of 105–120 km under the volcano on the style (and consequently on prediction) of its activity is decisive.

00dcfb471b8495a484467cf2470f387f992edd4c

Atom optics: Old ideas, current technology, and new results

Atom optics is the coherent manipulation of the atomic matter waves originally postulated by the developers of quantum mechanics. These pioneers also proposed the use of stimulated light forces to manipulate particles. These ideas have been combined with current technology to produce the field of atom optics. This, in turn, has shed new light on old quantum problems like the which way problem and the origins of quantum decoherence. Bose Einstein condensates combine naturally with atom optics to produce new results such as the coherent amplification of matter waves. This review of atom optics traces these connections.

00e5e4949a0191c10c3493fb46c1c99e7925e155

What is cartography

The functions carried out under what is recognised as the term ‘cartography’ are explained with the object of arriving at a better understanding of cartography and, more importantly, how it applies in today's society.

00e66e621bcbcae6805776e55d47011377293a75

BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF OIL SPILL AT SEA

00e7a0866658664e4a014d4dd9c784bd9c9086c7

Naturalism and Religion

00e99044cb8d6a52bf4456e82c7c0fca036ea69b

Young People's Ignorance about the Topic of Taxation:

Two hundred and forty university applicants for a premier British university (mean age 18.83 years) completed an anonymous 14-item, open-response questionnaire concerning knowledge of, and attitudes to, taxation. Responses suggested considerable ignorance of facts (such as different types of taxation and the amount paid on fixed incomes) but general acceptance of taxation systems. Most knew about the government's role in taxation and what taxation revenue was spent on. They were in favour of income tax but few could list other taxes or knew precisely the percentage of taxation people at different income levels paid. Various direct quotes from the free-response items are listed to illustrate the range and richness of response. Results suggest that university students remain fundamentally ignorant about the purpose, functions and legislation concerning taxation. Implications for both education and politics are considered.

00e9c1bf0381479caaa06671761f8968c407ada4

Open System for Road Information Support

Open System for Road Information Support is an open, supportive system for construction, maintenance and rehabilitation of a road, mainly focused, but not limited to the flexible pavement (asphalt). The project aims towards an European standard for a work documentation and work support system for a road worksite.

00f27e8bcd3feaf7e91126289efff6162b55017e

The CALCULEMUS research training network: A short overview

Calculemus research aims at the integration of systems for symbolic computation and symbolic reasoning and is related to the QPQ initiative. It is in the spirit of both projects to discuss these connections and potential collaborations. The following text sketches the structure and scientific contributions of the Calculemus Research Training Network (Calculemus RTN; see Figure 1 for the partner sites) since its start in September 2000. It has been reproduced from the networks midterm report [22] and credit is due to all researchers of the Calculemus RTN. More than 28 young visiting researchers (with a sum approx. 150 financed person-months) have been supported by the network so far and approx. 47 senior researchers are involved in the training measures at the different partner sites.

00f367186da55e592c60d1270d522c1f753bb152

New types of intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals of ordered semigroups

In many applied disciplines like computer science, coding theory and formal languages, the use of fuzzified algebraic structures play a remarkable role. In this paper, we introduced some new types of generalization of an intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideal, called (a, s)-intuitionistic interior ideals of an ordered semigroup S. The important milestone of this paper is to link the ordinary interior ideals and (?, ? ?qk)-intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals. The notion of (?, ? ? qk )-intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideal is introduced and characterizations of ordered semigroups in terms of (?, ? ?qk)-intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals and (?, ? ? qk )-intuitionistic fuzzy interior ideals are given.

00f3c58092f3cb404ed390c5d0cdee5a9f787857

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES: ESSAYS IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. By J. E. T. Eldridge. New York: Humanities Press, 1968. 277 pp. $6.00