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144,892 | 1aw68y | What was the crime rate among American GIs during World War 2? | Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.During the Battle of the Bulge Ger... | [
"Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.\n\nDuring the Battle of the ... | 1 | [
"Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.\n\nDuring the Battle of the ... | 1 | <P> BULLET::::- Secret wartime files made public only in 2006 reveal that American GIs committed 400 sexual offenses in Europe, including 126 rapes in England, between 1942 and 1945. A study by Robert J. Lilly estimates that a total of 14,000 civilian women in England, France and Germany were raped by American GIs dur... | question: What was the crime rate among American GIs during World War 2? context: <P> BULLET::::- Secret wartime files made public only in 2006 reveal that American GIs committed 400 sexual offenses in Europe, including 126 rapes in England, between 1942 and 1945. A study by Robert J. Lilly estimates that a total of 1... | answer: Off the top of my head I can't at the moment think of any large scale war crimes committed by American troops. However, you're always going to have things done by the individual soldier. Band of Brothers (the book) talked about how Liebgott would kill prisoners. That is a war crime.During the Battle of the B... |
153,467 | 2st4aa | what is happening to my body when i get high while simultaneously being drunk? | It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger. | [
"It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness or alcohol poisoning, is the negative behavior and physical effects due to the recent drinking of ethanol (alcohol). Symptoms at lower doses may include mild sedation and poor coordination. At higher doses, there may be slurred speech, trouble walking, and vomiting. ... | question: what is happening to my body when i get high while simultaneously being drunk? context: <P> Alcohol intoxication, also known as drunkenness or alcohol poisoning, is the negative behavior and physical effects due to the recent drinking of ethanol (alcohol). Symptoms at lower doses may include mild sedation an... | answer: It sounds like the problem originates in the brain, which ultimately controls the vomiting reflex. Since both alcohol and vegetable-based hallucinogens scramble the neurons' normal functions, somewhere the decision is taken to park the tiger. |
41,677 | 1wuprh | why fruits get juicier after ripening after they have been cut off the tree | Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. | [
"Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. ",
"Well usually the fruit has a seed and the rest of the fruit is to provide nutrients to the seed. When the fruit ripens, it slowly starts to feed th... | 2 | [
"Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. "
] | 1 | <P> Fruit maturity is not always apparent visually, as the fruits remain the same shade of green until they are overripe or rotting. One usually may sense ripeness, however, by giving the fruit a soft squeeze; a ripe feijoa yields to pressure somewhat like a just-ripe banana. Generally, the fruit is at its optimum rip... | question: why fruits get juicier after ripening after they have been cut off the tree context: <P> Fruit maturity is not always apparent visually, as the fruits remain the same shade of green until they are overripe or rotting. One usually may sense ripeness, however, by giving the fruit a soft squeeze; a ripe feijoa ... | answer: Many fruits do not need the tree to ripen; they have their own energy store (their sugars and starches) and the chemicals necessary to ripen are already present. |
28,247 | 1oolvd | I biked home in the rain tonight. Would I have got just as wet from walking? | Consider purely vertical rain.When standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is falling ... | [
"Consider purely vertical rain.\n\nWhen standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> According to Roll, "I am sure Lance had probably never met a bike racer like me...a person who could still find some joy and happiness in such weather misery. We had eight hours a day, for eight straight days, of continuous riding in the pouring rain - rain in Biblical proportions! I think Lance would've turned th... | question: I biked home in the rain tonight. Would I have got just as wet from walking? context: <P> According to Roll, "I am sure Lance had probably never met a bike racer like me...a person who could still find some joy and happiness in such weather misery. We had eight hours a day, for eight straight days, of contin... | answer: Consider purely vertical rain.When standing or biking horizontally you're traveling *vertically* through the rain field at the speed v_rain. The amount of water that hits you is the rain density D_rain times the volume you sweep out. That volume is just your vertical cross-section times the speed the rain is ... |
130,315 | 1vhj2t | is there an actual genetic proof to the penis size stereotypes? | You should try [r/askscience](_URL_0_) for a more accurate answer | [
"There are documented statistical patterns among men of varios races. The stereotypes are consistent with these statistical patterns in terms of rank but not in terms of absolute measurements.",
"The difference is only .2 inches or so, but the stereotypes did match up. I'll edit my comment later with a real sourc... | 6 | [
"There are documented statistical patterns among men of varios races. The stereotypes are consistent with these statistical patterns in terms of rank but not in terms of absolute measurements.",
"The difference is only .2 inches or so, but the stereotypes did match up. I'll edit my comment later with a real sourc... | 6 | <P> There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 which may determine the penis size. The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome may have a role to play. Variance in size can often be attributed to... | question: is there an actual genetic proof to the penis size stereotypes? context: <P> There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox a and d) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12 which may determine the penis size. The SRY gene located on th... | answer: You should try [r/askscience](_URL_0_) for a more accurate answer |
185,726 | 1svtb1 | If I wore goggles that inverted my vision, would my brain adapt and make it seem as if its not? | [Yes.](_URL_0_) *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, "normal vision was restored instantane... | [
"[Yes.](_URL_0_) \n *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, \"normal vision was restored in... | 3 | [
"[Yes.](_URL_0_) \n *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, \"normal vision was restored in... | 2 | <P> The initial pointing errors induced by the prismatic goggles are caused by the misalignment of the observer's motor and proprioceptive maps. Once the error has been detected, the observer makes a conscious effort to try and fix the error via strategic recalibration. The reduction in error is also helped by an unco... | question: If I wore goggles that inverted my vision, would my brain adapt and make it seem as if its not? context: <P> The initial pointing errors induced by the prismatic goggles are caused by the misalignment of the observer's motor and proprioceptive maps. Once the error has been detected, the observer makes a cons... | answer: [Yes.](_URL_0_) *Psychologist George M. Stratton conducted, in the 1890s, experiments in which he tested the theory of perceptual adaptation. In one experiment, he wore a reversing glasses for 21½ hours over three days, with no change in his vision. After removing the glasses, "normal vision was restored in... |
179,115 | 2m56x4 | why would someone want a flexible spending account? | Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.If you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable healthcare e... | [
"Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.\n\nIf you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable hea... | 1 | [
"Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.\n\nIf you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable hea... | 1 | <P> A flexible spending account (FSA), also known as a flexible spending arrangement, is one of a number of tax-advantaged financial accounts, resulting in payroll tax savings. Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, one significant disadvantage to using an FSA was that funds not used by the end of the ... | question: why would someone want a flexible spending account? context: <P> A flexible spending account (FSA), also known as a flexible spending arrangement, is one of a number of tax-advantaged financial accounts, resulting in payroll tax savings. Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, one significant ... | answer: Money put into your FSA is taken out before you pay taxes on it. Most people are taxed somewhere around a third of their income so, if you can use the money in the FSA, it's a good deal.If you're single, young & healthy, it might seem ridiculous because you don't actually spend much money on predictable heal... |
77,892 | 2qt93z | why does my vision get obscured when a strong light source hit my eyes | Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas. | [
"Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> These cause permanent obstruction of aqueous outflow. In some cases, pressure may rapidly build up in the eye, causing pain and redness (symptomatic, or so-called "acute" angle closure). In this situation, the vision may become blurred, and halos may be seen around bright lights. Accompanying symptoms may include ... | question: why does my vision get obscured when a strong light source hit my eyes context: <P> These cause permanent obstruction of aqueous outflow. In some cases, pressure may rapidly build up in the eye, causing pain and redness (symptomatic, or so-called "acute" angle closure). In this situation, the vision may beco... | answer: Because your eye will adapt (iris will close to a pinhole) to adapt to the bright light, which in turn does not let in much light from faint sources as well. The reason this is done automatically and cannot be overridden by you is because bright light in high doses is quite damaging to your retinas. |
143,153 | 2m6jqu | what are you hearing different between 320kbps and 128kbps. also flac, mp3, or aac audio | Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or "blur" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.If you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones and listen t... | [
"Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or \"blur\" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.\n\nIf you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones a... | 1 | [
"Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or \"blur\" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.\n\nIf you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones a... | 1 | <P> E-MU 20K is the commercial name for a line of audio chips by Creative Technology, commercially known as the Sound Blaster X-Fi chipset. The series comprises the E-MU 20K1 (CA20K1) and E-MU 20K2 (CA20K2) audio chips.
<P> Microsoft has sometimes claimed that the sound quality of WMA at 64 kbit/s equals or exceeds ... | question: what are you hearing different between 320kbps and 128kbps. also flac, mp3, or aac audio context: <P> E-MU 20K is the commercial name for a line of audio chips by Creative Technology, commercially known as the Sound Blaster X-Fi chipset. The series comprises the E-MU 20K1 (CA20K1) and E-MU 20K2 (CA20K2) audi... | answer: Modern audio compression algorithms are very, very good. Based on decades of psychoacoustic research, they can remove or "blur" only parts of the sound that you can't hear. A modern 128kbps audio file sounds amazingly close to the original.If you want to hear the differences, put on good quality headphones and ... |
907 | 7i45d5 | how was the internet made? like how did they discover coding, etc? | Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in 1969. T... | [
"Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in 19... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> As the Internet grew from a forum for sharing information to a marketplace for doing business, a technology matured that allowed computers to transact with each other more easily. Out of these Internet roots, web service technology was born.
<P> While the Internet began with a U.S. Government research project in... | question: how was the internet made? like how did they discover coding, etc? context: <P> As the Internet grew from a forum for sharing information to a marketplace for doing business, a technology matured that allowed computers to transact with each other more easily. Out of these Internet roots, web service technolo... | answer: Computers predate the internet by several decades, but the origins of the internet can be traced back to a US Military project in the 1960's called Arpanet. They wanted to see if they could get computers to communicate with each other. The first data packet was sent from a computer at UCLA to one at Stanford in... |
64,562 | a99h6s | Which plane was the first to have radar? | Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.On the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 1940. They ... | [
"Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.\nOn the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 1940... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Initially, the radar was designed to detect fighter aircraft at 100 miles and 16,000 feet. The radar used five transmitters that operated at S-band frequencies ranging from 2700 to 3019 MHz. It took twenty-five people to operate the radar.
<P> The Air-Surface Vessel Mark I, using electronics similar to those of... | question: Which plane was the first to have radar? context: <P> Initially, the radar was designed to detect fighter aircraft at 100 miles and 16,000 feet. The radar used five transmitters that operated at S-band frequencies ranging from 2700 to 3019 MHz. It took twenty-five people to operate the radar.
<P> The Air-... | answer: Very first country to develop the technology of mobile radar systems was the Great Britain. It was established on plane 'Avro Anson' in 1937 with coverage of approximately 1 mile for airborne targets and 3 miles to ships.On the other hand, serial production of these systems later called 'Al Mk. IV' began in 194... |
225,452 | 5u32gg | what makes gordon ramsay such an incredible chef? wouldn't the skill level of top level culinary artists not vary a lot? | He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.Creating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant business, ... | [
"He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.\n\nCreating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant b... | 3 | [
"He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.\n\nCreating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant b... | 1 | <P> Ramsay's reputation is built upon his goal of culinary perfection, which is associated with winning three Michelin stars. His mentor, Marco Pierre White noted that he is highly competitive. Since the airing of "Boiling Point", which followed Ramsay's quest of earning three Michelin stars, the chef has also become ... | question: what makes gordon ramsay such an incredible chef? wouldn't the skill level of top level culinary artists not vary a lot? context: <P> Ramsay's reputation is built upon his goal of culinary perfection, which is associated with winning three Michelin stars. His mentor, Marco Pierre White noted that he is highl... | answer: He's an incredible restauranteur, which is a bit different. He understands the entire business.Creating top quality food is not actually super difficult. He doesn't do any wacky trendy stuff; just honest high-quality ingredients, fresh food, and good execution. He's particularly good are running a restaurant bu... |
120,644 | 10n8gg | Shouldn't there be a theoretical limit to data storage capacity per mass? Do we know what this limit is? | The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. | [
"DNA is the only thing I can think of with the highest data:size ratio, but there may be smaller.",
"The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can b... | 3 | [
"The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. "
] | 1 | <P> It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4.5:1. It is estimated that the combined technological capacity of the world to store information provides 1,300 exabytes of ... | question: Shouldn't there be a theoretical limit to data storage capacity per mass? Do we know what this limit is? context: <P> It is estimated that the total amount of data that is stored on the world's storage devices could be further compressed with existing compression algorithms by a remaining average factor of 4... | answer: The [Bekenstein bound](_URL_0_) represents the limit on the amount of information which can be contained in a region before it collapses into a black hole. Though I imagine a limit on the amount of data that can be stored and retrieved is much lower. |
176,246 | 2xl733 | Why was Jazz considered degenerated music? | Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.There were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the time.Chance... | [
"Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.\n\nThere were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the ti... | 1 | [
"Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.\n\nThere were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the ti... | 1 | <P> Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole precipitated a decline in the genre. The takeover of rock in the... | question: Why was Jazz considered degenerated music? context: <P> Jazz music during the first half of the '60s was largely a continuation of '50s styles, retaining its core audience of young, urban, college-educated whites. By 1967, the death of several important jazz figures such as John Coltrane and Nat King Cole pr... | answer: Much of pre-modern music is written around a set of rules (which ones was probably not agreed on by everyone) which a lot of it stuck to.There were some who broke with them in some ways and it wasn't as strict as I'm making it out to be. But Jazz just sounded radically different from everything known at the tim... |
26,796 | 1xc8kd | in prehistoric times, why didn't insects evolve to become much larger? | they did _URL_0_ | [
"they did _URL_0_",
"Insects were actually a lot bigger during the dinosaur era. For instance, there was a Giant Dragonfly that was approximately the size of a large seagull in wingspan, there was a Giant Centipede that was more than 8 feet long and 3 feet wide.\n\nTo answer your question: they did. ",
"It's ... | 4 | [
"they did _URL_0_",
"Insects were actually a lot bigger during the dinosaur era. For instance, there was a Giant Dragonfly that was approximately the size of a large seagull in wingspan, there was a Giant Centipede that was more than 8 feet long and 3 feet wide.\n\nTo answer your question: they did. "
] | 2 | <P> The differences between modern and prehistoric varieties can be essential, and, like many other creatures of prehistory, the latter tended to be much larger than their contemporary equivalents. This size difference is thought to be due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels (allowing diffusion through spiracles over ... | question: in prehistoric times, why didn't insects evolve to become much larger? context: <P> The differences between modern and prehistoric varieties can be essential, and, like many other creatures of prehistory, the latter tended to be much larger than their contemporary equivalents. This size difference is thought... | answer: they did _URL_0_ |
193,841 | ea51vt | Why does the French Foreign Legion have such a romantic reputation while other foreign formations have been forgotten? | Hi there!First off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order to answer... | [
"Hi there!\n\nFirst off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order ... | 1 | [
"Hi there!\n\nFirst off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order ... | 1 | <P> Beyond its reputation as an elite unit often engaged in serious fighting, the recruitment practices of the French Foreign Legion have also led to a somewhat romanticised view of it being a place for disgraced or "wronged" men looking to leave behind their old lives and start new ones. This view of the legion is co... | question: Why does the French Foreign Legion have such a romantic reputation while other foreign formations have been forgotten? context: <P> Beyond its reputation as an elite unit often engaged in serious fighting, the recruitment practices of the French Foreign Legion have also led to a somewhat romanticised view of... | answer: Hi there!First off, I would like to apologise, I am typing this up on a viciously bumpy train journey, and I don't have access to a lot of sources I'd like to use. Secondly, great question. The concept of foreign soldiers in the service of another nation is fascinating, and served the basis of my MA. In order t... |
206,786 | beii9g | how does the youtube 'recommend' work? | Exactly how it work is kept secret by google to make it harder to manipulate.A part of how it work depend in correlation between you and other people. If you and another person both have watched the same videos and the perhaps given the same a thumbs up you can guess that the inrest is similar. So when the other people... | [
"Exactly how it work is kept secret by google to make it harder to manipulate.\n\nA part of how it work depend in correlation between you and other people. If you and another person both have watched the same videos and the perhaps given the same a thumbs up you can guess that the inrest is similar. So when the oth... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> When a user types in the title of a film or TV show, the site's algorithm provides a list of similar content. It provides recommendations for TV shows to watch based on films liked by the user, and vice versa. It also provides recommendations for music, video games, and books, and includes film and TV trailers and... | question: how does the youtube 'recommend' work? context: <P> When a user types in the title of a film or TV show, the site's algorithm provides a list of similar content. It provides recommendations for TV shows to watch based on films liked by the user, and vice versa. It also provides recommendations for music, vid... | answer: Exactly how it work is kept secret by google to make it harder to manipulate.A part of how it work depend in correlation between you and other people. If you and another person both have watched the same videos and the perhaps given the same a thumbs up you can guess that the inrest is similar. So when the othe... |
65,832 | 18xily | How did the myth of the "Mound Builders" as non-Native Americans persist for so long? | Aside from racism, the main issue is that native societies in the Ohio Valley at the time of the European contact didn't claim to have built the mounds. The Adena and Hopewell rose and fell long before Europeans showed up in the New World. The societies contemporary with European colonization of the New World, like the... | [
"I wasn't even aware that anyone thought the mounds *weren't* made by natives.",
"Aside from racism, the main issue is that native societies in the Ohio Valley at the time of the European contact didn't claim to have built the mounds. The Adena and Hopewell rose and fell long before Europeans showed up in the New... | 3 | [
"Aside from racism, the main issue is that native societies in the Ohio Valley at the time of the European contact didn't claim to have built the mounds. The Adena and Hopewell rose and fell long before Europeans showed up in the New World. The societies contemporary with European colonization of the New World, lik... | 2 | <P> In "Ancient America, In Notes on American Archaeology" he also speculated on the origins of the "Mound Builder" people then believed to have constructed the famous mounds around the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys, suggesting that they had been an aboriginal people who had migrated northwards from Central Ameri... | question: How did the myth of the "Mound Builders" as non-Native Americans persist for so long? context: <P> In "Ancient America, In Notes on American Archaeology" he also speculated on the origins of the "Mound Builder" people then believed to have constructed the famous mounds around the Mississippi and Ohio River ... | answer: Aside from racism, the main issue is that native societies in the Ohio Valley at the time of the European contact didn't claim to have built the mounds. The Adena and Hopewell rose and fell long before Europeans showed up in the New World. The societies contemporary with European colonization of the New World, ... |
227,451 | 3lsmrp | how do we know how well other animals can see or smell? | Two main ways: 1. Dissecting animals sensory organs to analyze their structure (For example, we can look at the structure of rods and cones in their eyes and theorize based on that).2. Running tests like playing high or low pitched sounds, putting them in mazes with food, etc. | [
"Well for one there is the physical properties of the animal. For example Owls big pupils do denote good night vision (human pupils dilate in darkness but not as much as an Owl's).\n\nHowever by far the main reason is how well they use the senses. You know a Dog has a good sense of smell because he finds things, th... | 4 | [
"Two main ways: \n\n1. Dissecting animals sensory organs to analyze their structure (For example, we can look at the structure of rods and cones in their eyes and theorize based on that).\n2. Running tests like playing high or low pitched sounds, putting them in mazes with food, etc.",
"Well, for many animals we ... | 3 | <P> Other animals also have receptors to sense the world around them, with degrees of capability varying greatly between species. Humans have a comparatively weak sense of smell and a stronger sense of sight relative to many other mammals while some animals may lack one or more of the traditional five senses. Some ani... | question: how do we know how well other animals can see or smell? context: <P> Other animals also have receptors to sense the world around them, with degrees of capability varying greatly between species. Humans have a comparatively weak sense of smell and a stronger sense of sight relative to many other mammals while... | answer: Two main ways: 1. Dissecting animals sensory organs to analyze their structure (For example, we can look at the structure of rods and cones in their eyes and theorize based on that).2. Running tests like playing high or low pitched sounds, putting them in mazes with food, etc. |
181,300 | 6s1022 | what happens to the dashboard when airbags deploy | Watch [this video](_URL_0_) of an airbag deploying in slow motionThere are panels over the airbag which have seams to split apart on. When the airbag starts to go, it pushes against these panels which break on the seams and push out of the way so the airbag can deploy. The ones on the passenger side and the pillars w... | [
"Watch [this video](_URL_0_) of an airbag deploying in slow motion\n\nThere are panels over the airbag which have seams to split apart on. When the airbag starts to go, it pushes against these panels which break on the seams and push out of the way so the airbag can deploy. The ones on the passenger side and the ... | 1 | [
"Watch [this video](_URL_0_) of an airbag deploying in slow motion\n\nThere are panels over the airbag which have seams to split apart on. When the airbag starts to go, it pushes against these panels which break on the seams and push out of the way so the airbag can deploy. The ones on the passenger side and the ... | 1 | <P> From the onset of the crash, the entire deployment and inflation process is about 0.04 seconds. Because vehicles change speed so quickly in a crash, airbags must inflate rapidly to reduce the risk of the occupant hitting the vehicle's interior.
<P> Airbags deploy at speeds up to and in some cases exert tremendou... | question: what happens to the dashboard when airbags deploy context: <P> From the onset of the crash, the entire deployment and inflation process is about 0.04 seconds. Because vehicles change speed so quickly in a crash, airbags must inflate rapidly to reduce the risk of the occupant hitting the vehicle's interior.
... | answer: Watch [this video](_URL_0_) of an airbag deploying in slow motionThere are panels over the airbag which have seams to split apart on. When the airbag starts to go, it pushes against these panels which break on the seams and push out of the way so the airbag can deploy. The ones on the passenger side and the p... |
125,604 | 5jknns | Which nerve supplies the Diaphragm with autonomic innervation ? | diaphragm is a skeletal muscle, so it is not supplied with autonomic innervation. Breathing is an antonomous process that can be hijacked by higher nervous centers, but all signals come only via phrenic nerve.In the brainstem there is a respiratory center which controls the automatic ventilation. It is dependent on blo... | [
"diaphragm is a skeletal muscle, so it is not supplied with autonomic innervation. Breathing is an antonomous process that can be hijacked by higher nervous centers, but all signals come only via phrenic nerve.\n\nIn the brainstem there is a respiratory center which controls the automatic ventilation. It is depende... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The phrenic nerves contain motor, sensory, and sympathetic nerve fibers. These nerves provide the only motor supply to the diaphragm as well as sensation to the central tendon. In the thorax, each phrenic nerve supplies the mediastinal pleura.
<P> The vagus nerve is a long, wandering nerve that emerges from the ... | question: Which nerve supplies the Diaphragm with autonomic innervation ? context: <P> The phrenic nerves contain motor, sensory, and sympathetic nerve fibers. These nerves provide the only motor supply to the diaphragm as well as sensation to the central tendon. In the thorax, each phrenic nerve supplies the mediasti... | answer: diaphragm is a skeletal muscle, so it is not supplied with autonomic innervation. Breathing is an antonomous process that can be hijacked by higher nervous centers, but all signals come only via phrenic nerve.In the brainstem there is a respiratory center which controls the automatic ventilation. It is dependen... |
150,388 | tbr9m | Will a person burn less calories doing 2 30 minute workout sessions versus doing one hour straight? | If you're just looking at calories expended, it's relative to the work being done. There's a tight relationship between calories burned and oxygen consumed (5 kcal/liter oxygen) although fuel source can vary this between 5 and 4.7 kcal/L). Assuming you work at the same intensity for the separate bouts as you do for t... | [
"If you're just looking at calories expended, it's relative to the work being done. There's a tight relationship between calories burned and oxygen consumed (5 kcal/liter oxygen) although fuel source can vary this between 5 and 4.7 kcal/L). Assuming you work at the same intensity for the separate bouts as you do ... | 1 | [
"If you're just looking at calories expended, it's relative to the work being done. There's a tight relationship between calories burned and oxygen consumed (5 kcal/liter oxygen) although fuel source can vary this between 5 and 4.7 kcal/L). Assuming you work at the same intensity for the separate bouts as you do ... | 1 | <P> Instead of 30 minutes a day at one time, short bursts of physical activity for 8–10 minutes three times a day are also suitable. Exercising this way can reduce the risk of getting heart disease or coronary ischemia, if it is performed at moderate intensity.
<P> BULLET::::- Higher intensity exercise, such as High... | question: Will a person burn less calories doing 2 30 minute workout sessions versus doing one hour straight? context: <P> Instead of 30 minutes a day at one time, short bursts of physical activity for 8–10 minutes three times a day are also suitable. Exercising this way can reduce the risk of getting heart disease or... | answer: If you're just looking at calories expended, it's relative to the work being done. There's a tight relationship between calories burned and oxygen consumed (5 kcal/liter oxygen) although fuel source can vary this between 5 and 4.7 kcal/L). Assuming you work at the same intensity for the separate bouts as you ... |
167,173 | v7emg | What are the effects of sleeping with the lights on? | Light, particularly blue light, inhibits [melatonin](_URL_0_) production which is a "sleep hormone" and plays a role in our [circadian rhythm](_URL_1_). | [
"Light, particularly blue light, inhibits [melatonin](_URL_0_) production which is a \"sleep hormone\" and plays a role in our [circadian rhythm](_URL_1_).",
"[Lot more info on same question I asked last year.](_URL_0_)",
"[According to Discovery News](_URL_0_), excess light during sleep can cause depression.\n... | 6 | [
"Light, particularly blue light, inhibits [melatonin](_URL_0_) production which is a \"sleep hormone\" and plays a role in our [circadian rhythm](_URL_1_).",
"[Lot more info on same question I asked last year.](_URL_0_)",
"[According to Discovery News](_URL_0_), excess light during sleep can cause depression.\n... | 4 | <P> Medical research on the effects of excessive light on the human body suggests that a variety of adverse health effects may be caused by light pollution or excessive light exposure, and some lighting design textbooks use human health as an explicit criterion for proper interior lighting. Health effects of over-illu... | question: What are the effects of sleeping with the lights on? context: <P> Medical research on the effects of excessive light on the human body suggests that a variety of adverse health effects may be caused by light pollution or excessive light exposure, and some lighting design textbooks use human health as an expl... | answer: Light, particularly blue light, inhibits [melatonin](_URL_0_) production which is a "sleep hormone" and plays a role in our [circadian rhythm](_URL_1_). |
88,497 | 2mhqqn | What were the differences between the generations of the Red Army Faction? | The reason for the talk of various generations of RAF history is a product of the reality of their particular situation during distinct time periods.Essentially the Red Army Faction was "founded" in May of 1970 when famed journalist Ulrike Meinhof helped break convicted arsonist Andreas Baader from police custody in Be... | [
"The reason for the talk of various generations of RAF history is a product of the reality of their particular situation during distinct time periods.\n\nEssentially the Red Army Faction was \"founded\" in May of 1970 when famed journalist Ulrike Meinhof helped break convicted arsonist Andreas Baader from police cu... | 1 | [
"The reason for the talk of various generations of RAF history is a product of the reality of their particular situation during distinct time periods.\n\nEssentially the Red Army Faction was \"founded\" in May of 1970 when famed journalist Ulrike Meinhof helped break convicted arsonist Andreas Baader from police cu... | 1 | <P> The Red Army Faction was formed with the intention of complementing the plethora of revolutionary and radical groups across West Germany and Europe, as a more class conscious and determined force compared with some of its contemporaries. The members and supporters were already associated with the 'Revolutionary Ce... | question: What were the differences between the generations of the Red Army Faction? context: <P> The Red Army Faction was formed with the intention of complementing the plethora of revolutionary and radical groups across West Germany and Europe, as a more class conscious and determined force compared with some of its... | answer: The reason for the talk of various generations of RAF history is a product of the reality of their particular situation during distinct time periods.Essentially the Red Army Faction was "founded" in May of 1970 when famed journalist Ulrike Meinhof helped break convicted arsonist Andreas Baader from police custo... |
59,516 | 3y4qpl | How did naval battles end in the 1700s? | Hi there, while you're right that 18th-century naval battles did not usually end with a large number of sinkings, it was not completely unknown. That said, though, the largest cause of the loss of ships during battle during this time was capture by the enemy. > If that was the case then how would you be able to verify... | [
"Hi there, while you're right that 18th-century naval battles did not usually end with a large number of sinkings, it was not completely unknown. That said, though, the largest cause of the loss of ships during battle during this time was capture by the enemy. \n\n > If that was the case then how would you be able ... | 1 | [
"Hi there, while you're right that 18th-century naval battles did not usually end with a large number of sinkings, it was not completely unknown. That said, though, the largest cause of the loss of ships during battle during this time was capture by the enemy. \n\n > If that was the case then how would you be able ... | 1 | <P> Throughout the 18th century the Royal Navy gradually gained ascendancy over the French Navy, with victories in the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), inconclusive battles in the War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748), victories in the Seven Years' War (1754–1763), a partial reversal during the American War of ... | question: How did naval battles end in the 1700s? context: <P> Throughout the 18th century the Royal Navy gradually gained ascendancy over the French Navy, with victories in the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), inconclusive battles in the War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748), victories in the Seven Years' War ... | answer: Hi there, while you're right that 18th-century naval battles did not usually end with a large number of sinkings, it was not completely unknown. That said, though, the largest cause of the loss of ships during battle during this time was capture by the enemy. > If that was the case then how would you be able t... |
171,102 | 2av39h | does abs shorten stopping distance of a car? | yes and no, you have to understand how ABS works. Generally you have an ABS sensor that detects how fast each wheel is moving. If the wheel is locked it will release brake pressure for a thousandths of a second and you will feel a slight "kick" in the brake pedal. The reason this is helpful is because when your wheels ... | [
"yes and no, you have to understand how ABS works. Generally you have an ABS sensor that detects how fast each wheel is moving. If the wheel is locked it will release brake pressure for a thousandths of a second and you will feel a slight \"kick\" in the brake pedal. \n\nThe reason this is helpful is because when y... | 3 | [
"yes and no, you have to understand how ABS works. Generally you have an ABS sensor that detects how fast each wheel is moving. If the wheel is locked it will release brake pressure for a thousandths of a second and you will feel a slight \"kick\" in the brake pedal. \n\nThe reason this is helpful is because when y... | 1 | <P> Threshold braking, or a good ABS, generally results in the shortest stopping distance in a straight line. ABS, cadence and interference braking are intended to preserve steering control while braking.
<P> If this distance is greater than the ACDA, they need to slow down. While most experienced drivers develop a ... | question: does abs shorten stopping distance of a car? context: <P> Threshold braking, or a good ABS, generally results in the shortest stopping distance in a straight line. ABS, cadence and interference braking are intended to preserve steering control while braking.
<P> If this distance is greater than the ACDA, t... | answer: yes and no, you have to understand how ABS works. Generally you have an ABS sensor that detects how fast each wheel is moving. If the wheel is locked it will release brake pressure for a thousandths of a second and you will feel a slight "kick" in the brake pedal. The reason this is helpful is because when your... |
104,961 | e89b2j | why are older movies (that are based on books) more accurate than newer ones? | This seems anecdotal. Do you have examples?In very broad strokes, older movies are less special effects, less action scenes, and more character driven, with long scenes of dialogue. More like novels. | [
"This seems anecdotal. Do you have examples?\n\nIn very broad strokes, older movies are less special effects, less action scenes, and more character driven, with long scenes of dialogue. More like novels.",
"This really only happens with non pop-culture books. Movies like harry potter and lord of the rings are st... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> One of the aims of the filmmakers from the beginning of production was to develop the maturity of the films. Chris Columbus stated, "We realised that these movies would get progressively darker. Again, we didn't know "how" dark but we realised that as the kids get older, the movies get a little edgier and darker."... | question: why are older movies (that are based on books) more accurate than newer ones? context: <P> One of the aims of the filmmakers from the beginning of production was to develop the maturity of the films. Chris Columbus stated, "We realised that these movies would get progressively darker. Again, we didn't know "... | answer: This seems anecdotal. Do you have examples?In very broad strokes, older movies are less special effects, less action scenes, and more character driven, with long scenes of dialogue. More like novels. |
26,545 | ciu8vw | if female orgasms are better than men’s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around? | "Better" is subjective.Has anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them. | [
"\"Better\" is subjective.\n\nHas anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them.",
"Every woman is different regarding whether they thoroughly enjoy sex or not with a lot of various factors (i.e. confidence, belief... | 3 | [
"\"Better\" is subjective.\n\nHas anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them.",
"Because men are virtually guaranteed an orgasm and women are not. If you had an orgasm every time you did something, you’d be high... | 2 | <P> Another reason why women are more likely to have low sexual desire and less sexual activity compared to men may be because when enduring in copulation with a male, women's experience of achieving an orgasm is low. Therefore, a females gratification for sexual intercourse may be lower than a males, where a male is ... | question: if female orgasms are better than men’s, then why are men typically the ones who bother females about having sex and not the other way around? context: <P> Another reason why women are more likely to have low sexual desire and less sexual activity compared to men may be because when enduring in copulation wi... | answer: "Better" is subjective.Has anybody ever been biologically male, and then biologically female, and compared the two? I don't think so. So we can't ever actually compare them. |
170,403 | 86wyj9 | Do other animals ever get chapped lips? Or is that a distinctly human problem? | Yes. Dogs have been known of occasion to get chapped lips, and I've no doubt other animals can too. You can purchase treatments for chapped lips in dogs on the market, though I don't know of how effective they are. | [
"Yes. Dogs have been known of occasion to get chapped lips, and I've no doubt other animals can too. You can purchase treatments for chapped lips in dogs on the market, though I don't know of how effective they are.",
"Yes, according to the Dog Owners Home Veterinary Handbook, page 233,\n\"In hunting dogs, chappe... | 2 | [
"Yes. Dogs have been known of occasion to get chapped lips, and I've no doubt other animals can too. You can purchase treatments for chapped lips in dogs on the market, though I don't know of how effective they are."
] | 1 | <P> In many non-human mammals, the upper lip and sinus area is associated with whiskers or vibrissae which serve a sensory function. In humans, these whiskers do not exist but there are still sporadic cases where elements of the associated vibrissal capsular muscles or sinus hair muscles can be found. Based on histolo... | question: Do other animals ever get chapped lips? Or is that a distinctly human problem? context: <P> In many non-human mammals, the upper lip and sinus area is associated with whiskers or vibrissae which serve a sensory function. In humans, these whiskers do not exist but there are still sporadic cases where elements... | answer: Yes. Dogs have been known of occasion to get chapped lips, and I've no doubt other animals can too. You can purchase treatments for chapped lips in dogs on the market, though I don't know of how effective they are. |
181,411 | 5xpdaf | why do we stop enjoying some things we used to enjoy when we were younger? | I think we develop a "been there, done that" mentality in ways.I can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons. | [
"I think we develop a \"been there, done that\" mentality in ways.\n\nI can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons.",
"Dopamine. Actually learned this from Game Theory a while back, great YouTube channel. Basically the feeling of excitement is caused ... | 2 | [
"I think we develop a \"been there, done that\" mentality in ways.\n\nI can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons."
] | 1 | <P> Leisure is important across the lifespan and can facilitate a sense of control and self-worth. Older adults, specifically, can benefit from physical, social, emotional, cultural, and spiritual aspects of leisure. Leisure engagement and relationships are commonly central to "successful" and satisfying aging. For ex... | question: why do we stop enjoying some things we used to enjoy when we were younger? context: <P> Leisure is important across the lifespan and can facilitate a sense of control and self-worth. Older adults, specifically, can benefit from physical, social, emotional, cultural, and spiritual aspects of leisure. Leisure ... | answer: I think we develop a "been there, done that" mentality in ways.I can not watch cartoons now. No matter what the topic. The irony is I just can't pay attention to cartoons. |
1,541 | e0a1gy | why does putting the air conditioner on 25°c in a cooling mode feel different from the same 25°c in heating mode? | The unit isn't putting out air at 25 C.If it's in cooling mode, it's putting out very cold air until the ambient temperature reaches 25 C. If it's in heating mode, it's putting out very warm air until the ambient temperature hits 25 C. | [
"In cooling mode, the thermostat will wait until the temperature goes over 25°C and then turn on the AC until it falls back under 25°C. This produces a 'spike' of cold air when the AC is on, followed by the temperature slowly drifting up toward warm.\n\nIn heating mode, the thermostat will wait until the temperatur... | 15 | [
"In cooling mode, the thermostat will wait until the temperature goes over 25°C and then turn on the AC until it falls back under 25°C. This produces a 'spike' of cold air when the AC is on, followed by the temperature slowly drifting up toward warm.\n\nIn heating mode, the thermostat will wait until the temperatur... | 7 | <P> Switching the direction of heat flow, the same system can be used to circulate the cooled water through the house for cooling in the summer months. The heat is exhausted to the relatively cooler ground (or groundwater) rather than delivering it to the hot outside air as an air conditioner does. As a result, the he... | question: why does putting the air conditioner on 25°c in a cooling mode feel different from the same 25°c in heating mode? context: <P> Switching the direction of heat flow, the same system can be used to circulate the cooled water through the house for cooling in the summer months. The heat is exhausted to the relat... | answer: The unit isn't putting out air at 25 C.If it's in cooling mode, it's putting out very cold air until the ambient temperature reaches 25 C. If it's in heating mode, it's putting out very warm air until the ambient temperature hits 25 C. |
125,001 | 51vqf7 | how do dark net vendors ship illegal things internationally without getting caught? | I mean, senders can just put a fake return address on the package. Plus most mail doesn't get looked at in such detail... | [
"I mean, senders can just put a fake return address on the package. Plus most mail doesn't get looked at in such detail...",
"The vast majority of parcels aren't inspected, unless the sender and receiver name or address come up in the database.\n\n",
"Because USPS mail isn't validated by origin address. When ... | 3 | [
"I mean, senders can just put a fake return address on the package. Plus most mail doesn't get looked at in such detail..."
] | 1 | <P> Smuggling is a risky but often very profitable venture. Illegal commodities may be sold to other players or to the black market available on any planet or a starbase with a population over 30,000. There is a chance a player will be detected by the authorities when selling to a black market, however, which might re... | question: how do dark net vendors ship illegal things internationally without getting caught? context: <P> Smuggling is a risky but often very profitable venture. Illegal commodities may be sold to other players or to the black market available on any planet or a starbase with a population over 30,000. There is a chan... | answer: I mean, senders can just put a fake return address on the package. Plus most mail doesn't get looked at in such detail... |
73,614 | 4l1f1t | how does taking medicine on a full stomach help avoid discomfort? | It doesn't always help. To make it really simple, there are certain drugs that when they dissolve can cause various changes in your GI tract. For example, NSAIDs. Their function suppresses enzymes, some of which help protect your stomach lining. If you take them without food (especially if you swallow them without liqu... | [
"It doesn't always help. To make it really simple, there are certain drugs that when they dissolve can cause various changes in your GI tract. For example, NSAIDs. Their function suppresses enzymes, some of which help protect your stomach lining. If you take them without food (especially if you swallow them without... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> One of the most causes of chronic stomach problems is use of medications. Use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat various pain disorders can damage lining of the stomach and cause ulcers. Other medications like narcotics can interfere with stomach emptying and cause bloating, nausea... | question: how does taking medicine on a full stomach help avoid discomfort? context: <P> One of the most causes of chronic stomach problems is use of medications. Use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat various pain disorders can damage lining of the stomach and cause ulcers. Other medi... | answer: It doesn't always help. To make it really simple, there are certain drugs that when they dissolve can cause various changes in your GI tract. For example, NSAIDs. Their function suppresses enzymes, some of which help protect your stomach lining. If you take them without food (especially if you swallow them with... |
32,727 | cpl4n7 | How true is the claim that “the Japanese were going to surrender in 1945 anyways but the US pushing for unconditional surrender threatened remove or arrest the Emperor which made the Japanese not want to surrender”? | Hi there -- while there's always more to be said on this, you may be interested in [this section of our FAQ](_URL_0_). | [
"Hi there -- while there's always more to be said on this, you may be interested in [this section of our FAQ](_URL_0_)."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> That these flights were possible a few days after Japan's surrender was the result of a lack of clarity about what had occurred. Although Japan had unconditionally surrendered, when Emperor Hirohito had made his announcement over the radio, he had used formal Japanese, not entirely intelligible to ordinary people ... | question: How true is the claim that “the Japanese were going to surrender in 1945 anyways but the US pushing for unconditional surrender threatened remove or arrest the Emperor which made the Japanese not want to surrender”? context: <P> That these flights were possible a few days after Japan's surrender was the resu... | answer: Hi there -- while there's always more to be said on this, you may be interested in [this section of our FAQ](_URL_0_). |
82,061 | 2t8g5i | Can catalytic compounds act to decrease the rate of reaction at higher concentrations? | This sounds like a textbook case of transport limitations. The catalyst by definition will *always* reduce the activation energy and increase the reaction rate. If you remember your rate laws:rate=k*[concentration]^(apparent rate order)where k is a rate constant, often expressed by a power law:k = A*exp(-Ea/RT)where Ea... | [
"This sounds like a textbook case of transport limitations. The catalyst by definition will *always* reduce the activation energy and increase the reaction rate. If you remember your rate laws:\n\nrate=k*[concentration]^(apparent rate order)\nwhere k is a rate constant, often expressed by a power law:\nk = A*exp(-E... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The mechanisms of chemical reactions can be investigated by observing how the kinetics of a reaction is changed by making an isotopic modification of a substrate, known as the kinetic isotope effect. This is now a standard method in organic chemistry. Briefly, replacing normal hydrogen (protons) by deuterium withi... | question: Can catalytic compounds act to decrease the rate of reaction at higher concentrations? context: <P> The mechanisms of chemical reactions can be investigated by observing how the kinetics of a reaction is changed by making an isotopic modification of a substrate, known as the kinetic isotope effect. This is n... | answer: This sounds like a textbook case of transport limitations. The catalyst by definition will *always* reduce the activation energy and increase the reaction rate. If you remember your rate laws:rate=k*[concentration]^(apparent rate order)where k is a rate constant, often expressed by a power law:k = A*exp(-Ea/RT)... |
180,467 | bagveg | why dont car doors unlock if you pull the handle while it’s unlocking? | Because there's a piece it needs to move before the door will be able to open, and it can't move that part while the door handle is being pulled on. (In general.) | [
"Because it's not fully unlocked until it's done unlocking. The mechanism to prevent the door from opening is only fully disengaged at the end of the unlock cycle. ",
"There are linkages that have to complete their jobs once the button is pressed to lock or unlock the door. Linkages and parts are moving and actua... | 5 | [
"There are linkages that have to complete their jobs once the button is pressed to lock or unlock the door. Linkages and parts are moving and actuating once the lock/unlock button is pressed. ",
"Because there's a piece it needs to move before the door will be able to open, and it can't move that part while the d... | 4 | <P> When leaving a vehicle that is equipped with a smart-key system, the vehicle is locked by either pressing a button on a door handle, touching a capacitive area on a door handle, or simply walking away from the vehicle. The method of locking varies across models.
<P> The remote keyless entry can unlock just the d... | question: why dont car doors unlock if you pull the handle while it’s unlocking? context: <P> When leaving a vehicle that is equipped with a smart-key system, the vehicle is locked by either pressing a button on a door handle, touching a capacitive area on a door handle, or simply walking away from the vehicle. The me... | answer: Because there's a piece it needs to move before the door will be able to open, and it can't move that part while the door handle is being pulled on. (In general.) |
54,477 | 6v1ajp | Is it possible for meteoroids carrying microorganisms from Earth to travel to another planet, such as Mars, and seed life onto them? | What you're asking is basically the panspermia theory, that says life can spread between habitable planets when carried by meteors. Research has been done about this by taking extremophiles into space and exposing them to vacuum, radiation, extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. Survival rates were good enough.The w... | [
"What you're asking is basically the panspermia theory, that says life can spread between habitable planets when carried by meteors. Research has been done about this by taking extremophiles into space and exposing them to vacuum, radiation, extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. Survival rates were good enough.... | 1 | [
"What you're asking is basically the panspermia theory, that says life can spread between habitable planets when carried by meteors. Research has been done about this by taking extremophiles into space and exposing them to vacuum, radiation, extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. Survival rates were good enough.... | 1 | <P> Earth receives a steady stream of meteorites from Mars, but they come from relatively few original impactors, and transfer was more likely in the early Solar System. Also some life forms viable on both Mars and on Earth might be unable to survive transfer on a meteorite, and there is so far no direct evidence of a... | question: Is it possible for meteoroids carrying microorganisms from Earth to travel to another planet, such as Mars, and seed life onto them? context: <P> Earth receives a steady stream of meteorites from Mars, but they come from relatively few original impactors, and transfer was more likely in the early Solar Syste... | answer: What you're asking is basically the panspermia theory, that says life can spread between habitable planets when carried by meteors. Research has been done about this by taking extremophiles into space and exposing them to vacuum, radiation, extreme temperatures and direct sunlight. Survival rates were good enou... |
39,464 | iql7c | Why didn't whales evolve gills? | while a whale with gills may have more fitness than a lung-breathing whale, this does not mean that the trait has to evolve. when the mutations which are the basis for evolutionary change occur, they occur randomly. the genome does not "know" to mutate in a certain way to make the animal more adapted to the environment... | [
"while a whale with gills may have more fitness than a lung-breathing whale, this does not mean that the trait has to evolve. when the mutations which are the basis for evolutionary change occur, they occur randomly. the genome does not \"know\" to mutate in a certain way to make the animal more adapted to the envi... | 6 | [
"while a whale with gills may have more fitness than a lung-breathing whale, this does not mean that the trait has to evolve. when the mutations which are the basis for evolutionary change occur, they occur randomly. the genome does not \"know\" to mutate in a certain way to make the animal more adapted to the envi... | 3 | <P> The fossil record traces the gradual transition from terrestrial to aquatic life. The regression of the hind limbs allowed greater flexibility of the spine. This made it possible for whales to move around with the vertical tail hitting the water. The front legs transformed into flippers, costing them their mobilit... | question: Why didn't whales evolve gills? context: <P> The fossil record traces the gradual transition from terrestrial to aquatic life. The regression of the hind limbs allowed greater flexibility of the spine. This made it possible for whales to move around with the vertical tail hitting the water. The front legs tr... | answer: while a whale with gills may have more fitness than a lung-breathing whale, this does not mean that the trait has to evolve. when the mutations which are the basis for evolutionary change occur, they occur randomly. the genome does not "know" to mutate in a certain way to make the animal more adapted to the env... |
143,161 | 5k6jj9 | the different ways to get student loan forgiveness | If you work for a government or not-for-profit organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (such as teachers, medical professionals at the VA and other government or nonprofit run health care facilities). To be eligible you would need to apply and show pro... | [
"If you work for a government or not-for-profit organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (such as teachers, medical professionals at the VA and other government or nonprofit run health care facilities). To be eligible you would need to apply and sho... | 1 | [
"If you work for a government or not-for-profit organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (such as teachers, medical professionals at the VA and other government or nonprofit run health care facilities). To be eligible you would need to apply and sho... | 1 | <P> The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program is a United States government program that was created under the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 (CCRAA) to provide indebted professionals a way out of their federal student loan debt burden by working full-time in public service. The program permits... | question: the different ways to get student loan forgiveness context: <P> The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program is a United States government program that was created under the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 (CCRAA) to provide indebted professionals a way out of their federal student loan d... | answer: If you work for a government or not-for-profit organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (such as teachers, medical professionals at the VA and other government or nonprofit run health care facilities). To be eligible you would need to apply and ... |
76,458 | 2tgyya | what actually happens at an eye exam and what am i supposed do say? | When the put the big frames on you and start switching lenses, they're testing various different combinations to see exactly which parts of your eye have changed. Some of it's very basic things like clarity at certain ranges, and how to fix it, some of it is things like colour perception. You don't necessarily notice i... | [
"When the put the big frames on you and start switching lenses, they're testing various different combinations to see exactly which parts of your eye have changed. Some of it's very basic things like clarity at certain ranges, and how to fix it, some of it is things like colour perception. You don't necessarily not... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> During a physical examination to check for MG, a doctor might ask the person to perform repetitive movements. For instance, the doctor may ask one to look at a fixed point for 30 seconds and to relax the muscles of the forehead. This is done because a person with MG and ptosis of the eyes might be involuntarily us... | question: what actually happens at an eye exam and what am i supposed do say? context: <P> During a physical examination to check for MG, a doctor might ask the person to perform repetitive movements. For instance, the doctor may ask one to look at a fixed point for 30 seconds and to relax the muscles of the forehead.... | answer: When the put the big frames on you and start switching lenses, they're testing various different combinations to see exactly which parts of your eye have changed. Some of it's very basic things like clarity at certain ranges, and how to fix it, some of it is things like colour perception. You don't necessarily ... |
135,736 | 3pnl6f | Was the German Battleship really that big of a threat? | *Bismarck* was a major threat, because of what it could do, and what preventing that meant for the Royal Navy. She was a major threat to the Atlantic convoy routes that Britain was relying upon for much of its food, as well as steel and other strategic materials. In 1941, Britain would import 14.7 million tonnes of foo... | [
"*Bismarck* was a major threat, because of what it could do, and what preventing that meant for the Royal Navy. She was a major threat to the Atlantic convoy routes that Britain was relying upon for much of its food, as well as steel and other strategic materials. In 1941, Britain would import 14.7 million tonnes o... | 1 | [
"*Bismarck* was a major threat, because of what it could do, and what preventing that meant for the Royal Navy. She was a major threat to the Atlantic convoy routes that Britain was relying upon for much of its food, as well as steel and other strategic materials. In 1941, Britain would import 14.7 million tonnes o... | 1 | <P> With 16 dreadnought-type battleships, compared with the Royal Navy's 28, the German High Seas Fleet stood little chance of winning a head-to-head clash. The Germans therefore adopted a divide-and-conquer strategy. They would stage raids into the North Sea and bombard the English coast, with the aim of luring out s... | question: Was the German Battleship really that big of a threat? context: <P> With 16 dreadnought-type battleships, compared with the Royal Navy's 28, the German High Seas Fleet stood little chance of winning a head-to-head clash. The Germans therefore adopted a divide-and-conquer strategy. They would stage raids into... | answer: *Bismarck* was a major threat, because of what it could do, and what preventing that meant for the Royal Navy. She was a major threat to the Atlantic convoy routes that Britain was relying upon for much of its food, as well as steel and other strategic materials. In 1941, Britain would import 14.7 million tonne... |
44,643 | 1450vm | What are some books and other resources for studying Germany's tank divisions and their actions from WW2? | Firstly, in most languages one who works in a tank is called a "tanker" or "Crewman".Indispensable: _URL_0_Memoir of German tank ace "Otto Carius". I've read it, it's great. He was shot ~11 times and is still alive. | [
"Firstly, in most languages one who works in a tank is called a \"tanker\" or \"Crewman\".\n\nIndispensable: _URL_0_\n\n\nMemoir of German tank ace \"Otto Carius\". I've read it, it's great. He was shot ~11 times and is still alive.",
"Maybe these books can be of help:\n\n[By Tank Into Normandy - Stuart Hills](_... | 3 | [
"Firstly, in most languages one who works in a tank is called a \"tanker\" or \"Crewman\".\n\nIndispensable: _URL_0_\n\n\nMemoir of German tank ace \"Otto Carius\". I've read it, it's great. He was shot ~11 times and is still alive."
] | 1 | <P> BULLET::::- Chamberlain, Peter, and Hilary L. Doyle. Thomas L. Jentz (Technical Editor). "Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945," London: Arms and Armour Press, 1978 (revised e... | question: What are some books and other resources for studying Germany's tank divisions and their actions from WW2? context: <P> BULLET::::- Chamberlain, Peter, and Hilary L. Doyle. Thomas L. Jentz (Technical Editor). "Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tan... | answer: Firstly, in most languages one who works in a tank is called a "tanker" or "Crewman".Indispensable: _URL_0_Memoir of German tank ace "Otto Carius". I've read it, it's great. He was shot ~11 times and is still alive. |
77,386 | 2bnq4r | How are meteorites dated if they don't develop in Earth's conditions? | This is a great question and it turns out the exact same techniques work for both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial samples assuming they all come from our solar system.There is a technique for dating where you need different minerals from the same rock (or meteorite) and then you can setup an isochron where you plot t... | [
"This is a great question and it turns out the exact same techniques work for both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial samples assuming they all come from our solar system.\n\nThere is a technique for dating where you need different minerals from the same rock (or meteorite) and then you can setup an isochron where y... | 1 | [
"This is a great question and it turns out the exact same techniques work for both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial samples assuming they all come from our solar system.\n\nThere is a technique for dating where you need different minerals from the same rock (or meteorite) and then you can setup an isochron where y... | 1 | <P> Most meteorites date from the oldest times in the solar system and are by far the oldest material available on the planet. Despite their age, they are fairly vulnerable to terrestrial environment: water, salt, and oxygen attack the meteorites as soon they reach the ground.
<P> The oldest inclusions found in mete... | question: How are meteorites dated if they don't develop in Earth's conditions? context: <P> Most meteorites date from the oldest times in the solar system and are by far the oldest material available on the planet. Despite their age, they are fairly vulnerable to terrestrial environment: water, salt, and oxygen attac... | answer: This is a great question and it turns out the exact same techniques work for both terrestrial and extra-terrestrial samples assuming they all come from our solar system.There is a technique for dating where you need different minerals from the same rock (or meteorite) and then you can setup an isochron where yo... |
122,334 | 58ok9q | When plays were preformed in classical Greece and Rome would the audience have shouted and jeered at the stage like they did at medieval and Renaissance plays? | The crowds at ancient theatrical performances could be outright brutal, in the most literal sense of the word. Aristotle mentions the actor who played Amphiaraus in one of Carcinus' tragedies was thrown from the stage because the scene being portrayed upset the audience with its inconsistency. Aristotle uses ἐξέπεσεν, ... | [
"The crowds at ancient theatrical performances could be outright brutal, in the most literal sense of the word. Aristotle mentions the actor who played Amphiaraus in one of Carcinus' tragedies was thrown from the stage because the scene being portrayed upset the audience with its inconsistency. Aristotle uses ἐξέπε... | 1 | [
"The crowds at ancient theatrical performances could be outright brutal, in the most literal sense of the word. Aristotle mentions the actor who played Amphiaraus in one of Carcinus' tragedies was thrown from the stage because the scene being portrayed upset the audience with its inconsistency. Aristotle uses ἐξέπε... | 1 | <P> Before the Roman texts started being used for inspiration, there were many story-telling elements that the Latin writers had not figured out yet. There used to be a disregard for dramatic unity. Latin plays had a tendency to jump from scene to scene in a disjunct manner. It was jarring and hard for audiences to fo... | question: When plays were preformed in classical Greece and Rome would the audience have shouted and jeered at the stage like they did at medieval and Renaissance plays? context: <P> Before the Roman texts started being used for inspiration, there were many story-telling elements that the Latin writers had not figured... | answer: The crowds at ancient theatrical performances could be outright brutal, in the most literal sense of the word. Aristotle mentions the actor who played Amphiaraus in one of Carcinus' tragedies was thrown from the stage because the scene being portrayed upset the audience with its inconsistency. Aristotle uses ἐξ... |
106,374 | 5t2nqf | What audio or video recording interviews an eye witness to a historical event or period that happened the furthest in the past? | Not a direct answer, but something that might help is to browse the National Archives.[Here is a collection of Documentary/Political recordings made by Thomas Edison between 1888 and 1927](_URL_0_). One that sticks out is Shackleton recounting his journey to the South Pole in 1908, which is the earliest recording I cou... | [
"Not a direct answer, but something that might help is to browse the National Archives.\n\n[Here is a collection of Documentary/Political recordings made by Thomas Edison between 1888 and 1927](_URL_0_). \n\nOne that sticks out is Shackleton recounting his journey to the South Pole in 1908, which is the earliest re... | 1 | [
"Not a direct answer, but something that might help is to browse the National Archives.\n\n[Here is a collection of Documentary/Political recordings made by Thomas Edison between 1888 and 1927](_URL_0_). \n\nOne that sticks out is Shackleton recounting his journey to the South Pole in 1908, which is the earliest re... | 1 | <P> The archive pioneered the usage of video testimonies to record eyewitness accounts of major historical events. It has served as the primary inspiration for video testimony projects documenting other state-sanctioned crimes against humanity and their aftermaths.
<P> The Fortunoff Archive pioneered the usage of vi... | question: What audio or video recording interviews an eye witness to a historical event or period that happened the furthest in the past? context: <P> The archive pioneered the usage of video testimonies to record eyewitness accounts of major historical events. It has served as the primary inspiration for video testim... | answer: Not a direct answer, but something that might help is to browse the National Archives.[Here is a collection of Documentary/Political recordings made by Thomas Edison between 1888 and 1927](_URL_0_). One that sticks out is Shackleton recounting his journey to the South Pole in 1908, which is the earliest recordi... |
90,030 | 1h8kb0 | Why did Stalin purge the old, inter-war Communists of Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War II? | Stalins own purges of Eastern European communists - like Partisans, POWs, and other intelligentsia in the immediate aftermath of his 'Great Patriotic War' was his attempt to eliminate any serious opposition to the formation of the Eastern Bloc. Using the NKVD and other intelligence apparatuses to subdue and repress voi... | [
"According to 'Stalin, Soviet Policy, and the Consolidation of a Communist' Bloc _URL_0_ \n: \"The experiences of the interwar years, most notably with Poland, Romania, and Hungary, and Stalin’s feelings of betrayal and humiliation when Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and launched an all-out war against the USSR,... | 2 | [
"According to 'Stalin, Soviet Policy, and the Consolidation of a Communist' Bloc _URL_0_ \n: \"The experiences of the interwar years, most notably with Poland, Romania, and Hungary, and Stalin’s feelings of betrayal and humiliation when Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact and launched an all-out war against the USSR,... | 2 | <P> In addition, sizable resources were employed in the purge, such as in Hungary, where almost one million adults were employed to record, control, indoctrinate, spy on and sometimes kill targets of the purge. Unlike the repressions under Nazi occupation, no ongoing war existed that could bring an end to the tribulat... | question: Why did Stalin purge the old, inter-war Communists of Eastern Europe in the immediate aftermath of World War II? context: <P> In addition, sizable resources were employed in the purge, such as in Hungary, where almost one million adults were employed to record, control, indoctrinate, spy on and sometimes kil... | answer: Stalins own purges of Eastern European communists - like Partisans, POWs, and other intelligentsia in the immediate aftermath of his 'Great Patriotic War' was his attempt to eliminate any serious opposition to the formation of the Eastern Bloc. Using the NKVD and other intelligence apparatuses to subdue and rep... |
206,012 | 1qge38 | Do historians in general have a 20-year rule? At what point do historians start talking about more recent events in a historical context? | I think the short answer to this question is no. Historians frequently write about the recent past, frame their inquiries in the context of recent events, and seek to intervene in contemporary debates. My dissertation, for example, extends through the year 2000 because I'm interested in providing historical context for... | [
"I think the short answer to this question is no. Historians frequently write about the recent past, frame their inquiries in the context of recent events, and seek to intervene in contemporary debates. My dissertation, for example, extends through the year 2000 because I'm interested in providing historical contex... | 4 | [
"I think the short answer to this question is no. Historians frequently write about the recent past, frame their inquiries in the context of recent events, and seek to intervene in contemporary debates. My dissertation, for example, extends through the year 2000 because I'm interested in providing historical contex... | 3 | <P> Some theories claim that the dates of historical events have been deliberately distorted. These include the phantom time hypothesis of German conspiracy theorist Heribert Illig, who in 1991 published an allegation that 297 years had been added to the calendar by establishment figures such as Pope Sylvester II in o... | question: Do historians in general have a 20-year rule? At what point do historians start talking about more recent events in a historical context? context: <P> Some theories claim that the dates of historical events have been deliberately distorted. These include the phantom time hypothesis of German conspiracy theor... | answer: I think the short answer to this question is no. Historians frequently write about the recent past, frame their inquiries in the context of recent events, and seek to intervene in contemporary debates. My dissertation, for example, extends through the year 2000 because I'm interested in providing historical con... |
203,381 | 12lzm0 | Ransoms in Medieval Europe | The capture of a king would of course bring a literal king's ransom (although not necessarily to the actual captor). Michael Prestwich, Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages, has a section on ransoms, including Richard I (although he was not captured in battle), 150,000 marks; David of Scotland, 100,000 marks; king Joh... | [
"Richard I of England was ransomed for 150 000 marks. At modern prices, this is in the neighbourhood of $30 million, but would have actually been *much* higher, owing to the relative scarcity of silver at the time and very different economies. Some estimates give an adjusted value of several billion dollars.",
... | 3 | [
"Richard I of England was ransomed for 150 000 marks. At modern prices, this is in the neighbourhood of $30 million, but would have actually been *much* higher, owing to the relative scarcity of silver at the time and very different economies. Some estimates give an adjusted value of several billion dollars.",
... | 3 | <P> In Europe during the Middle Ages, ransom became an important custom of chivalric warfare. An important knight, especially nobility or royalty, was worth a significant sum of money if captured, but nothing if he was killed. For this reason, the practice of ransom contributed to the development of heraldry, which al... | question: Ransoms in Medieval Europe context: <P> In Europe during the Middle Ages, ransom became an important custom of chivalric warfare. An important knight, especially nobility or royalty, was worth a significant sum of money if captured, but nothing if he was killed. For this reason, the practice of ransom contri... | answer: The capture of a king would of course bring a literal king's ransom (although not necessarily to the actual captor). Michael Prestwich, Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages, has a section on ransoms, including Richard I (although he was not captured in battle), 150,000 marks; David of Scotland, 100,000 marks; ... |
181,478 | 7ocdyy | How long does the fallout of a nuclear detonation last? | > Does living in parts of Nevada carry any real risk of side effects on healthNo. At least not from nuclear weapons. > or were they simply not powerful enough to have any lasting radioactive effects?Several radioisotopes are still measurable and it will stay that way basically forever, but detectors are really sensi... | [
"It depends on the half life of the radioactive isotopes they used in the detonations. The fact that many of the Nevada tests were aerial or on the surface means that they kicked up large volumes of radioactive dust, which has the potential to be quite dangerous to air breathers. How far this spread and whether muc... | 4 | [] | 0 | <P> During the first hour after a nuclear explosion, radioactivity levels drop precipitously. Radioactivity levels are further reduced by about 90% after another 7 hours and by about 99% after 2 days. An accurate rule of thumb, applicable in the time-period of days to a few weeks post-detonation which approximates the... | question: How long does the fallout of a nuclear detonation last? context: <P> During the first hour after a nuclear explosion, radioactivity levels drop precipitously. Radioactivity levels are further reduced by about 90% after another 7 hours and by about 99% after 2 days. An accurate rule of thumb, applicable in th... | answer: > Does living in parts of Nevada carry any real risk of side effects on healthNo. At least not from nuclear weapons. > or were they simply not powerful enough to have any lasting radioactive effects?Several radioisotopes are still measurable and it will stay that way basically forever, but detectors are real... |
152,685 | 2wczb6 | if the earth and us and the big bang were formed from the collision of various molecules and particles. (please excuse my rusty science) how did these particles and molecules form in the first place? | The Big Bang wasn't formed by collisions of various molecules and particles.The Big Bang is a theory that all matter in the universe originated at a "singularity" - that is, an infinitesimally small point, inside which was all the matter and energy in the whole universe. The Big Bang theory doesn't attempt to explain a... | [
"The Big Bang wasn't formed by collisions of various molecules and particles.\n\nThe Big Bang is a theory that all matter in the universe originated at a \"singularity\" - that is, an infinitesimally small point, inside which was all the matter and energy in the whole universe. The Big Bang theory doesn't attempt t... | 5 | [
"The Big Bang wasn't formed by collisions of various molecules and particles.\n\nThe Big Bang is a theory that all matter in the universe originated at a \"singularity\" - that is, an infinitesimally small point, inside which was all the matter and energy in the whole universe. The Big Bang theory doesn't attempt t... | 1 | <P> The Big Bang produced a hot, dense, nearly homogeneous universe. As the universe expanded and cooled, particles, then nuclei, and finally atoms formed. At a redshift of about 1100, equivalent to about 400,000 years after the Big Bang, when the primordial plasma filling the universe cooled sufficiently for protons ... | question: if the earth and us and the big bang were formed from the collision of various molecules and particles. (please excuse my rusty science) how did these particles and molecules form in the first place? context: <P> The Big Bang produced a hot, dense, nearly homogeneous universe. As the universe expanded and co... | answer: The Big Bang wasn't formed by collisions of various molecules and particles.The Big Bang is a theory that all matter in the universe originated at a "singularity" - that is, an infinitesimally small point, inside which was all the matter and energy in the whole universe. The Big Bang theory doesn't attempt to e... |
140,053 | 1kxxsp | Why do you have to get multiple vaccinations of the same virus? | Ordinarily, when an infectious agent enters the body, the immune system targets multiple parts of the agent with different monoclonal antibodies to produce an overall polyclonal response. This is an incredibly efficient process, but some organisms can spread and reproduce faster than the immune system can effectively m... | [
"Ordinarily, when an infectious agent enters the body, the immune system targets multiple parts of the agent with different monoclonal antibodies to produce an overall polyclonal response. This is an incredibly efficient process, but some organisms can spread and reproduce faster than the immune system can effectiv... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> A vaccine against a particular virus is relatively easy to create. The virus is foreign to the body, and therefore expresses antigens that the immune system can recognize. Furthermore, viruses usually only provide a few viable variants. By contrast, developing vaccines for viruses that mutate constantly such as in... | question: Why do you have to get multiple vaccinations of the same virus? context: <P> A vaccine against a particular virus is relatively easy to create. The virus is foreign to the body, and therefore expresses antigens that the immune system can recognize. Furthermore, viruses usually only provide a few viable varia... | answer: Ordinarily, when an infectious agent enters the body, the immune system targets multiple parts of the agent with different monoclonal antibodies to produce an overall polyclonal response. This is an incredibly efficient process, but some organisms can spread and reproduce faster than the immune system can effec... |
196,105 | 16byv9 | Medically speaking, what is the "best" blood type to have? Is there one? | AB+ for the same reason you already put in your question (in case of an accident, you could basically receive a different blood type without having many complications). Other than that, there is inexistant support those wild claims by new age gurus or quack doctors that type X or Y are better, or that you should eat A ... | [
"AB+ for the same reason you already put in your question (in case of an accident, you could basically receive a different blood type without having many complications). \n\nOther than that, there is inexistant support those wild claims by new age gurus or quack doctors that type X or Y are better, or that you shou... | 2 | [
"AB+ for the same reason you already put in your question (in case of an accident, you could basically receive a different blood type without having many complications). \n\nOther than that, there is inexistant support those wild claims by new age gurus or quack doctors that type X or Y are better, or that you shou... | 1 | <P> The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. These two subgroups are not always interchangeable as far as transfusion is concerned, as some A2 individuals produce antibodies agai... | question: Medically speaking, what is the "best" blood type to have? Is there one? context: <P> The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. These two subgroups are not always interc... | answer: AB+ for the same reason you already put in your question (in case of an accident, you could basically receive a different blood type without having many complications). Other than that, there is inexistant support those wild claims by new age gurus or quack doctors that type X or Y are better, or that you shoul... |
182,442 | kkkee | What would it be like to swim in a pool on the moon? | Actually, and surprisingly, there wouldn't really be any difference at all. First, water is (nearly) incompressible, meaning it would be at the same density on the Earth or on the Moon, and buoyancy is not a function of gravity so you would have to swim just as hard to stay afloat in both locations. The only real diffe... | [
"Humans are so close to water in density that I doubt the different gravitational field would make a difference. Viscosity isn't gravity-dependent. During the portion of the stroke where your arms are above the water, that might feel weird.",
"Actually, and surprisingly, there wouldn't really be any difference at... | 8 | [
"Humans are so close to water in density that I doubt the different gravitational field would make a difference. Viscosity isn't gravity-dependent. During the portion of the stroke where your arms are above the water, that might feel weird.",
"Actually, and surprisingly, there wouldn't really be any difference at... | 8 | <P> Moon pools can be used in chambers below sea level, especially for the use of scuba divers, and their design requires more complex consideration of air and water pressure acting on the moon pool surface.
<P> A moon pool is a feature of marine drilling platforms, drillships and diving support vessels, some marine... | question: What would it be like to swim in a pool on the moon? context: <P> Moon pools can be used in chambers below sea level, especially for the use of scuba divers, and their design requires more complex consideration of air and water pressure acting on the moon pool surface.
<P> A moon pool is a feature of marin... | answer: Actually, and surprisingly, there wouldn't really be any difference at all. First, water is (nearly) incompressible, meaning it would be at the same density on the Earth or on the Moon, and buoyancy is not a function of gravity so you would have to swim just as hard to stay afloat in both locations. The only re... |
120,101 | 2esycz | What did composers from the classical period [Mozart, Haydn, even Beethoven] think of the United States? Do we know? [crosspost from r/classicalmusic] | I’ve actually thought about this question before! Sadly I have never read anything about any musician or composer from Revolutionary America time having thoughts one way or another about America. European art music (especially opera) didn’t really get a foothold in America until the 1820s. Classical composers tend to b... | [
"I’ve actually thought about this question before! Sadly I have never read anything about any musician or composer from Revolutionary America time having thoughts one way or another about America. European art music (especially opera) didn’t really get a foothold in America until the 1820s. Classical composers tend... | 2 | [
"I’ve actually thought about this question before! Sadly I have never read anything about any musician or composer from Revolutionary America time having thoughts one way or another about America. European art music (especially opera) didn’t really get a foothold in America until the 1820s. Classical composers tend... | 2 | <P> Classical music was brought to the United States during the colonial era. Many American composers of this period worked exclusively with European models, while others, such as William Billings, Supply Belcher, and Justin Morgan, also known as the "First New England School", developed a style almost entirely indepe... | question: What did composers from the classical period [Mozart, Haydn, even Beethoven] think of the United States? Do we know? [crosspost from r/classicalmusic] context: <P> Classical music was brought to the United States during the colonial era. Many American composers of this period worked exclusively with European... | answer: I’ve actually thought about this question before! Sadly I have never read anything about any musician or composer from Revolutionary America time having thoughts one way or another about America. European art music (especially opera) didn’t really get a foothold in America until the 1820s. Classical composers t... |
109,365 | ct1p85 | how to tell non-planet time of day (if day is defined)? | Well if location and orbit are removed there's nothing left to alter a "days time" or a year seeing as they're both related to rotation and orbit. So theyd all be the same at that point. | [
"Well if location and orbit are removed there's nothing left to alter a \"days time\" or a year seeing as they're both related to rotation and orbit. So theyd all be the same at that point.",
"At that point, there will need to be some standard to keep things coordinated. For example, one could still use the moder... | 3 | [
"Well if location and orbit are removed there's nothing left to alter a \"days time\" or a year seeing as they're both related to rotation and orbit. So theyd all be the same at that point."
] | 1 | <P> A standard time zone covers roughly 15° of longitude, so any point within that zone which is not on the reference longitude (generally a multiple of 15°) will experience a difference from standard time equal to 4 minutes of time per degree. For illustration, sunsets and sunrises are at a much later "official" time... | question: how to tell non-planet time of day (if day is defined)? context: <P> A standard time zone covers roughly 15° of longitude, so any point within that zone which is not on the reference longitude (generally a multiple of 15°) will experience a difference from standard time equal to 4 minutes of time per degree.... | answer: Well if location and orbit are removed there's nothing left to alter a "days time" or a year seeing as they're both related to rotation and orbit. So theyd all be the same at that point. |
177,355 | blqlvj | American War of Independence and class conflict | There was, first of all, a lot of participation across class lines by the Colonists. There were wealthy merchants like Robert Morris, southern planters like Patrick Henry, bourgeois and haute-bourgeois businessmen like Paul Revere. But there were also farmers and sons of farmers, like Joseph Plumb Martin in Pennsylva... | [
"There was, first of all, a lot of participation across class lines by the Colonists. There were wealthy merchants like Robert Morris, southern planters like Patrick Henry, bourgeois and haute-bourgeois businessmen like Paul Revere. But there were also farmers and sons of farmers, like Joseph Plumb Martin in Penn... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> The Wars of Independence in South America were the numerous wars against Spanish rule that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 to 1829. The conflicts can be characterized both as a civil wars and a war of national liberation, since the majority of combatants on both sides were Spanish Americans and... | question: American War of Independence and class conflict context: <P> The Wars of Independence in South America were the numerous wars against Spanish rule that took place during the early 19th century, from 1808 to 1829. The conflicts can be characterized both as a civil wars and a war of national liberation, since ... | answer: There was, first of all, a lot of participation across class lines by the Colonists. There were wealthy merchants like Robert Morris, southern planters like Patrick Henry, bourgeois and haute-bourgeois businessmen like Paul Revere. But there were also farmers and sons of farmers, like Joseph Plumb Martin in P... |
127,230 | 3um6uc | there are estimates that 46% of the labor force is at risk for being automated in the next 10-25 years. why is no one talking about this? why do we need "jobs" when there are about to be less and less for more and more people? | This is actually quite a prominent area in leftist theory that goes back to Marx. One of Marx's biggest points wasn't just workers controlling the means of production, but also the advancement of technology to increase everybody's leisure time. Fully Automated Luxury Communism is a bit buzzwordy but encapsulates wel... | [
"There have been major shifts of work performed in the past. Most human work was done on farms. Now there are few farmers. We invented other kinds of work.\n\nYou can look at many things we do and realize that they do not need to be done. The whole sports industry is merely entertainment. The travel industry is unn... | 19 | [
"There have been major shifts of work performed in the past. Most human work was done on farms. Now there are few farmers. We invented other kinds of work.\n\nYou can look at many things we do and realize that they do not need to be done. The whole sports industry is merely entertainment. The travel industry is unn... | 11 | <P> A number of studies have predicted that automation will take a large proportion of jobs in the future, but estimates of the level of unemployment this will cause vary. Research by Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne of the Oxford Martin School showed that employees engaged in "tasks following well-defined proce... | question: there are estimates that 46% of the labor force is at risk for being automated in the next 10-25 years. why is no one talking about this? why do we need "jobs" when there are about to be less and less for more and more people? context: <P> A number of studies have predicted that automation will take a large ... | answer: This is actually quite a prominent area in leftist theory that goes back to Marx. One of Marx's biggest points wasn't just workers controlling the means of production, but also the advancement of technology to increase everybody's leisure time. Fully Automated Luxury Communism is a bit buzzwordy but encapsul... |
1,125 | 17w2jw | How definitive are the DNA results on the Richard III skeleton? | You didn't really elaborate on what you mean, but I'm guessing you want to know how confident we can be that the skeleton they've found is King Richard?Here's an overview of the evidence:DNA comparisons:* Geneticists were able to extract and sequence mitochondrial DNA from the skeleton* Mitochondrial DNA is passed down... | [
"[Here is a link to an article describing how they did the DNA analysis](_URL_0_) I will summarize it's points.\n\nThey were able to get a good sample of the corpse's mitochondrial DNA, which is passed without combination from mother offspring. Then, through a historical analysis, they found two people (currently ... | 2 | [
"[Here is a link to an article describing how they did the DNA analysis](_URL_0_) I will summarize it's points.\n\nThey were able to get a good sample of the corpse's mitochondrial DNA, which is passed without combination from mother offspring. Then, through a historical analysis, they found two people (currently ... | 2 | <P> In February 2016, French, Danish and Norwegian researchers opened the lead boxes in order to conduct DNA analysis of the remains. Radiocarbon dating of the remains showed that neither skeleton could be that of Richard I or Richard II. One skeleton dated from the third century BCE, the other from the eighth century... | question: How definitive are the DNA results on the Richard III skeleton? context: <P> In February 2016, French, Danish and Norwegian researchers opened the lead boxes in order to conduct DNA analysis of the remains. Radiocarbon dating of the remains showed that neither skeleton could be that of Richard I or Richard I... | answer: You didn't really elaborate on what you mean, but I'm guessing you want to know how confident we can be that the skeleton they've found is King Richard?Here's an overview of the evidence:DNA comparisons:* Geneticists were able to extract and sequence mitochondrial DNA from the skeleton* Mitochondrial DNA is pas... |
129,385 | 1a2r50 | Which famous European historical figures visited America before transatlantic travel became more common and what did they do? | The Swedish aristocrat [Axel von Fersen](_URL_2_) is most famous as being the alleged lover of Marie Antoinette, but he'd also visited Voltaire in Geneva. He went off to fight in the Revolutionary War under [Rochambeau](_URL_0_), and served as the interpreter between the latter and George Washington. Washington later i... | [
"The Marquis de Lafayette fought during the American Revolution.",
"Two of my favorites were literary tours. Oscar Wilde visited in 1882 where he was promoting his ideas of aestheticism. He'd be walking around town in New York one week with lilies in his hair and spend the next drinking whisky with miners in Virg... | 3 | [
"The Marquis de Lafayette fought during the American Revolution.",
"Two of my favorites were literary tours. Oscar Wilde visited in 1882 where he was promoting his ideas of aestheticism. He'd be walking around town in New York one week with lilies in his hair and spend the next drinking whisky with miners in Virg... | 3 | <P> Throughout her Lloyd transatlantic career "George Washington" carried some notable and interesting passengers to and from Europe. In August 1909 Sigmund Freud sailed from Bremen bound for New York on his one and only trip to the US. He was accompanied by his colleagues Carl Jung and Sándor Ferenczi. In February 19... | question: Which famous European historical figures visited America before transatlantic travel became more common and what did they do? context: <P> Throughout her Lloyd transatlantic career "George Washington" carried some notable and interesting passengers to and from Europe. In August 1909 Sigmund Freud sailed from... | answer: The Swedish aristocrat [Axel von Fersen](_URL_2_) is most famous as being the alleged lover of Marie Antoinette, but he'd also visited Voltaire in Geneva. He went off to fight in the Revolutionary War under [Rochambeau](_URL_0_), and served as the interpreter between the latter and George Washington. Washington... |
116,277 | 631sy4 | Why were schooners so popular in New England? | There are a couple reasons: * **Labor Shortages**. For much of the early history of New England labor shortages were a real and common issue. After the Great Migration of the 1630s we begin seeing large numbers of English colonists heading back to England (this is one reason slavery takes off during this period). For ... | [
"There are a couple reasons:\n \n* **Labor Shortages**. For much of the early history of New England labor shortages were a real and common issue. After the Great Migration of the 1630s we begin seeing large numbers of English colonists heading back to England (this is one reason slavery takes off during this peri... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> In the 1700s and 1800s in what is now New England and Atlantic Canada schooners became popular for coastal trade, requiring a smaller crew for their size compared to square rig ships, and being fast and versatile. Three-masted schooners were first introduced around 1800.
<P> Schooners were popular on both sides ... | question: Why were schooners so popular in New England? context: <P> In the 1700s and 1800s in what is now New England and Atlantic Canada schooners became popular for coastal trade, requiring a smaller crew for their size compared to square rig ships, and being fast and versatile. Three-masted schooners were first in... | answer: There are a couple reasons: * **Labor Shortages**. For much of the early history of New England labor shortages were a real and common issue. After the Great Migration of the 1630s we begin seeing large numbers of English colonists heading back to England (this is one reason slavery takes off during this perio... |
26,012 | 3wusfu | how important a consistent sleep schedule is? why? | For starters you title your ELI5 wrong when sleepy. The real issue is that your body has a natural sleep rhythem an as a result you will feel sleepy at certain times more than others. This sleep rhythm is slow to change, and sleeping at times when you are normally awake will cause your sleep to be lighter and shorter t... | [
"I get some sleep every day between 7 and 8 hours. You don't want to screw yourself over by getting like 4 hours of sleep, and don't want to sleep horrifically late because y'know life.",
"Very important. Fatigue, exhaustion, stress all can happen if you're falling asleep at extreme time differences each night. T... | 19 | [
"Very important. Fatigue, exhaustion, stress all can happen if you're falling asleep at extreme time differences each night. There's also things like weight gain and depression. It has been also studied that those who don't get enough sleep may have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.\n\nConsistent sl... | 6 | <P> According to a recent study at Brigham Young University, a regular sleep schedule can make an almost immediate difference on the body's ability to metabolize fat cells. In this specific study design, 300 college aged women (19–26 years old) were followed for a week and given an activity tracker which not only moni... | question: how important a consistent sleep schedule is? why? context: <P> According to a recent study at Brigham Young University, a regular sleep schedule can make an almost immediate difference on the body's ability to metabolize fat cells. In this specific study design, 300 college aged women (19–26 years old) were... | answer: For starters you title your ELI5 wrong when sleepy. The real issue is that your body has a natural sleep rhythem an as a result you will feel sleepy at certain times more than others. This sleep rhythm is slow to change, and sleeping at times when you are normally awake will cause your sleep to be lighter and s... |
178,612 | trppd | why was greece allowed to enter the european union without meeting the required criteria? | You're referring to the euro. A minor, but quite important, difference. | [
"You're referring to the euro. A minor, but quite important, difference.",
"The cooked their books when applying to the Eurozone - after the crisis, the fraud came out, and it turned out the numbers were even worse than the fraudsters thought."
] | 2 | [
"You're referring to the euro. A minor, but quite important, difference.",
"The cooked their books when applying to the Eurozone - after the crisis, the fraud came out, and it turned out the numbers were even worse than the fraudsters thought."
] | 2 | <P> The European Communities (Greek Accession) Act 1979 (c. 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which ratified and legislated for the accession of Greece to the European Communities. It received royal assent on 20 December 1979.
<P> Some economic experts argue that the best option for Greece, and t... | question: why was greece allowed to enter the european union without meeting the required criteria? context: <P> The European Communities (Greek Accession) Act 1979 (c. 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which ratified and legislated for the accession of Greece to the European Communities. It receiv... | answer: You're referring to the euro. A minor, but quite important, difference. |
63,094 | 4m7wn0 | Questions about a census from 1840 | I can't give you a firm answer about the people in question, but I have spent some time working with census aggregates. So some general considerations:It might be an error. Here's how the census was done at the time:A guy would come up to your house. He had a big ledger with him full of pre-printed census forms. As I'm... | [
"I can't give you a firm answer about the people in question, but I have spent some time working with census aggregates. So some general considerations:\n\nIt might be an error. Here's how the census was done at the time:\n\nA guy would come up to your house. He had a big ledger with him full of pre-printed census ... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The United States Census of 1840 was the sixth census of the United States. Conducted by the Census Office on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32.7 percent over the 12,866,020 persons enumerated during the 1830 Census. The total population i... | question: Questions about a census from 1840 context: <P> The United States Census of 1840 was the sixth census of the United States. Conducted by the Census Office on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32.7 percent over the 12,866,020 persons enu... | answer: I can't give you a firm answer about the people in question, but I have spent some time working with census aggregates. So some general considerations:It might be an error. Here's how the census was done at the time:A guy would come up to your house. He had a big ledger with him full of pre-printed census forms... |
41,172 | c30pi1 | what is the electric universe theory? | It's basically pseudoscience that postulates that electricity describes most of the features of the universe. It's generally said to be at odds with modern Physics though, and tends to be popular among the conspiracy types. | [
"It's basically pseudoscience that postulates that electricity describes most of the features of the universe. It's generally said to be at odds with modern Physics though, and tends to be popular among the conspiracy types."
] | 1 | [
"It's basically pseudoscience that postulates that electricity describes most of the features of the universe. It's generally said to be at odds with modern Physics though, and tends to be popular among the conspiracy types."
] | 1 | <P> Electric Universe is a psychedelic trance project from Germany formed by Boris Blenn and Michael Dressler in 1991. Their first EP release, "Solar Energy" was an instant hit with the underground trance scene and is often credited with putting the Spirit Zone Recordings label at the forefront of psychedelic trance e... | question: what is the electric universe theory? context: <P> Electric Universe is a psychedelic trance project from Germany formed by Boris Blenn and Michael Dressler in 1991. Their first EP release, "Solar Energy" was an instant hit with the underground trance scene and is often credited with putting the Spirit Zone ... | answer: It's basically pseudoscience that postulates that electricity describes most of the features of the universe. It's generally said to be at odds with modern Physics though, and tends to be popular among the conspiracy types. |
15,670 | a3561d | how do you refinance a car? (usa) | Just go talk to a loan officer at your bank and they will help you understand your options. If your current loan is from a different bank/lender, you will have to call them and have them send you a "10 day pay off".. which is just a statement of the amount your new loan would have to be in order to pay off the previous... | [
"Just go talk to a loan officer at your bank and they will help you understand your options. If your current loan is from a different bank/lender, you will have to call them and have them send you a \"10 day pay off\".. which is just a statement of the amount your new loan would have to be in order to pay off the p... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Many U.S. states have enacted additional laws that apply specifically to the repossession of purchased and leased automobiles, and which are intended to afford additional consumer protections. Typical requirements include mandating that auto lenders provide consumers with opportunities to either "reinstate" or "re... | question: how do you refinance a car? (usa) context: <P> Many U.S. states have enacted additional laws that apply specifically to the repossession of purchased and leased automobiles, and which are intended to afford additional consumer protections. Typical requirements include mandating that auto lenders provide cons... | answer: Just go talk to a loan officer at your bank and they will help you understand your options. If your current loan is from a different bank/lender, you will have to call them and have them send you a "10 day pay off".. which is just a statement of the amount your new loan would have to be in order to pay off the ... |
102,318 | 3zaoco | Glider units in world War 2 | Glider pilots were trained to fly gliders, but also to fight as infantry (both US and British pilots had to qualify to some extent with all infantry weapons) alongside the troops they had landed for as long as was necessary (a few days, even as long as a week or more) until they could be evacuated to the rear. Many gli... | [
"Glider pilots were trained to fly gliders, but also to fight as infantry (both US and British pilots had to qualify to some extent with all infantry weapons) alongside the troops they had landed for as long as was necessary (a few days, even as long as a week or more) until they could be evacuated to the rear. Man... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The Glider Pilot Regiment was a British airborne forces unit of the Second World War, which was responsible for crewing the British Army's military gliders and saw action in the European theatre in support of Allied airborne operations. Established in 1942, the regiment was disbanded in 1957.
<P> The 319th and i... | question: Glider units in world War 2 context: <P> The Glider Pilot Regiment was a British airborne forces unit of the Second World War, which was responsible for crewing the British Army's military gliders and saw action in the European theatre in support of Allied airborne operations. Established in 1942, the regime... | answer: Glider pilots were trained to fly gliders, but also to fight as infantry (both US and British pilots had to qualify to some extent with all infantry weapons) alongside the troops they had landed for as long as was necessary (a few days, even as long as a week or more) until they could be evacuated to the rear. ... |
129,256 | af4b7g | How is diphenhydramine (benadryl) both an antihistamine and a sleep aid? | Diphenhydramine is an indiscriminate antihistamine, in that it blocks any histamine receptor it sees. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit one of the other functions of histamines — that is, the pivotal role they play in regulating sleep and wakefulness. This disruption of the action of histamines in the br... | [
"Diphenhydramine is an indiscriminate antihistamine, in that it blocks any histamine receptor it sees. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit one of the other functions of histamines — that is, the pivotal role they play in regulating sleep and wakefulness. This disruption of the action of histamines in t... | 2 | [
"Diphenhydramine is an indiscriminate antihistamine, in that it blocks any histamine receptor it sees. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit one of the other functions of histamines — that is, the pivotal role they play in regulating sleep and wakefulness. This disruption of the action of histamines in t... | 1 | <P> Because of its sedative properties, diphenhydramine is widely used in nonprescription sleep aids for insomnia. The drug is an ingredient in several products sold as sleep aids, either alone or in combination with other ingredients such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) in Tylenol PM or ibuprofen in Advil PM. Diphenhy... | question: How is diphenhydramine (benadryl) both an antihistamine and a sleep aid? context: <P> Because of its sedative properties, diphenhydramine is widely used in nonprescription sleep aids for insomnia. The drug is an ingredient in several products sold as sleep aids, either alone or in combination with other ingr... | answer: Diphenhydramine is an indiscriminate antihistamine, in that it blocks any histamine receptor it sees. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit one of the other functions of histamines — that is, the pivotal role they play in regulating sleep and wakefulness. This disruption of the action of histamines i... |
158,387 | 3jkw92 | how come a burglar, who gets hurt while robbing a house, can sue the owner and win? | Kotka v Briney is probably what you're referring to. In that case it was because the home in question was not occupied and the would be burglar was attacked by a booby trap. The use of booby traps are illegal because they attack people indiscriminately and do not use force to protect human life rather only property.Lif... | [
"First, this is actually very rare. It is extremely uncommon that a burglar is actually able to sue for injuries they suffer. (partly because of the law, and partly because juries aren't especially sympathetic to burglars) \n\nNo \"unknown and unforeseen.\" trespasser can ever sue for damages based on some accident... | 86 | [
"First, this is actually very rare. It is extremely uncommon that a burglar is actually able to sue for injuries they suffer. (partly because of the law, and partly because juries aren't especially sympathetic to burglars) \n\nNo \"unknown and unforeseen.\" trespasser can ever sue for damages based on some accident... | 39 | <P> Burglary can also be committed in "part of a building" and in R v Walkington 1979 1 WLR 1169 the defendant had entered a large shop during trading hours but went behind a counter and put his hand in an empty till. The court held that he had entered that part of the building normally reserved for staff as a trespas... | question: how come a burglar, who gets hurt while robbing a house, can sue the owner and win? context: <P> Burglary can also be committed in "part of a building" and in R v Walkington 1979 1 WLR 1169 the defendant had entered a large shop during trading hours but went behind a counter and put his hand in an empty till... | answer: Kotka v Briney is probably what you're referring to. In that case it was because the home in question was not occupied and the would be burglar was attacked by a booby trap. The use of booby traps are illegal because they attack people indiscriminately and do not use force to protect human life rather only prop... |
206,461 | 2st861 | Store bought balloons into outer space? | There is no point of zero gravity. Otherwise how would the moon orbit?Things in orbit are in *free fall*, accelerating downwards just like any other object, but they are also travelling sideways so that the distance they gain from travelling on a tangent cancels the distance that they fall. | [
"There is no point of zero gravity. Otherwise how would the moon orbit?\n\nThings in orbit are in *free fall*, accelerating downwards just like any other object, but they are also travelling sideways so that the distance they gain from travelling on a tangent cancels the distance that they fall.",
"Helium only f... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> In May 2008, the first bagel made it to outer space from the International Space Station on mission STS-124. 45-year old Astronaut Greg Chamitoff, the nephew of the owner of the store, managed to take products from Fairmount Bakery with him in his shuttle into space.
<P> Toy balloons are used as decorations and/... | question: Store bought balloons into outer space? context: <P> In May 2008, the first bagel made it to outer space from the International Space Station on mission STS-124. 45-year old Astronaut Greg Chamitoff, the nephew of the owner of the store, managed to take products from Fairmount Bakery with him in his shuttle ... | answer: There is no point of zero gravity. Otherwise how would the moon orbit?Things in orbit are in *free fall*, accelerating downwards just like any other object, but they are also travelling sideways so that the distance they gain from travelling on a tangent cancels the distance that they fall. |
35,379 | v2jp5 | Is superstition a learned behavior? Are humans naturally superstitious? | To understand superstition, it is useful to understand how learning actually occurs. When something good happens, the brain basically reinforces all the circuits that were active prior to that good thing happening. If something bad happens, the reverse is true. This has the effect that you do more of the things that ca... | [
"To understand superstition, it is useful to understand how learning actually occurs. When something good happens, the brain basically reinforces all the circuits that were active prior to that good thing happening. If something bad happens, the reverse is true. This has the effect that you do more of the things th... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> Psychologist Stuart Vyse has pointed out that until about 2010, "[m]ost researchers assumed superstitions were irrational and focused their attentions on discovering why people were superstitious." Vyse went on to describe studies that looked at the relationship between performance and superstitious rituals. Preli... | question: Is superstition a learned behavior? Are humans naturally superstitious? context: <P> Psychologist Stuart Vyse has pointed out that until about 2010, "[m]ost researchers assumed superstitions were irrational and focused their attentions on discovering why people were superstitious." Vyse went on to describe s... | answer: To understand superstition, it is useful to understand how learning actually occurs. When something good happens, the brain basically reinforces all the circuits that were active prior to that good thing happening. If something bad happens, the reverse is true. This has the effect that you do more of the things... |
22,732 | whjqr | why if i put the + of one battery to the - of a different battery does nothing happen? | You need to have a full circuit. Here's an analogy:Think of electricity like water and the battery as a pump. If you put two pumps next to each other but dont loop it, the water wont be able to keep flowing through and back to the first pump again; won't be a cycle.It's nothing like that but if it helps you to understa... | [
"You need to have a full circuit. Here's an analogy:\n\nThink of electricity like water and the battery as a pump. If you put two pumps next to each other but dont loop it, the water wont be able to keep flowing through and back to the first pump again; won't be a cycle.\n\nIt's nothing like that but if it helps yo... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> In the latter case, the problem occurs due to the different cells in a battery having slightly different capacities. When one cell reaches discharge level ahead of the rest, the remaining cells will force the current through the discharged cell.
<P> If a battery is connected to a significant load during charging... | question: why if i put the + of one battery to the - of a different battery does nothing happen? context: <P> In the latter case, the problem occurs due to the different cells in a battery having slightly different capacities. When one cell reaches discharge level ahead of the rest, the remaining cells will force the ... | answer: You need to have a full circuit. Here's an analogy:Think of electricity like water and the battery as a pump. If you put two pumps next to each other but dont loop it, the water wont be able to keep flowing through and back to the first pump again; won't be a cycle.It's nothing like that but if it helps you to ... |
63,459 | 1ip6t8 | with the sun being 92 million miles away why do locations a few hundred miles from each other on earth have such different temperatures? | It's not actually the distance to the sun which determines how hot a place is. It's the *angle* to the sun.[This diagram](_URL_0_) shows that, nearer the equator, the sun's rays reach the earth much more directly than at the poles. At the poles, the same amount of heat energy is spread over a much larger surface area -... | [
"It's not actually the distance to the sun which determines how hot a place is. It's the *angle* to the sun.\n\n[This diagram](_URL_0_) shows that, nearer the equator, the sun's rays reach the earth much more directly than at the poles. At the poles, the same amount of heat energy is spread over a much larger surfa... | 7 | [
"It's not actually the distance to the sun which determines how hot a place is. It's the *angle* to the sun.\n\n[This diagram](_URL_0_) shows that, nearer the equator, the sun's rays reach the earth much more directly than at the poles. At the poles, the same amount of heat energy is spread over a much larger surfa... | 3 | <P> BULLET::::- The distance from the Earth to the Sun varies. The Earth is closest to the Sun (at perihelion) in January, which is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. It is furthest away (at aphelion) in July, which is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, and only 93.55% of the solar radiation from the Sun falls on a gi... | question: with the sun being 92 million miles away why do locations a few hundred miles from each other on earth have such different temperatures? context: <P> BULLET::::- The distance from the Earth to the Sun varies. The Earth is closest to the Sun (at perihelion) in January, which is summer in the Southern Hemisphe... | answer: It's not actually the distance to the sun which determines how hot a place is. It's the *angle* to the sun.[This diagram](_URL_0_) shows that, nearer the equator, the sun's rays reach the earth much more directly than at the poles. At the poles, the same amount of heat energy is spread over a much larger surfac... |
6,881 | 1jpeft | Which technologies owe their invention and/or diffusion to the porn industry? | The best source I know of is Jonathan Coopersmith's "[Pornography, Technology, and Progress](_URL_0_)," which covers the diffusion of many technologies, from photography to the internet. His main point is that porn consumers are willing to pay a premium for these services, so they allow the technology to mature and dr... | [
"The lack of data can probably be attributed to a few things;\n\n• Individuals and companies involved with these sort of decisions likely don't have many interviews/discussion in the mainstream\n• The factors involved with the adoption of a technology or solution are likely multifaceted and it would be difficult to... | 2 | [
"The best source I know of is Jonathan Coopersmith's \"[Pornography, Technology, and Progress](_URL_0_),\" which covers the diffusion of many technologies, from photography to the internet. His main point is that porn consumers are willing to pay a premium for these services, so they allow the technology to mature... | 1 | <P> Pornographers have taken advantage of each technological advance in the production and distribution of visual images. Pornography is considered a driving force in the development of technologies from the printing press, through photography (still and motion), to satellite TV, other forms of video, and the Internet... | question: Which technologies owe their invention and/or diffusion to the porn industry? context: <P> Pornographers have taken advantage of each technological advance in the production and distribution of visual images. Pornography is considered a driving force in the development of technologies from the printing press... | answer: The best source I know of is Jonathan Coopersmith's "[Pornography, Technology, and Progress](_URL_0_)," which covers the diffusion of many technologies, from photography to the internet. His main point is that porn consumers are willing to pay a premium for these services, so they allow the technology to matur... |
56,343 | 2iaekf | how could theatre patrons hear the actors on stage before modern electricity? if it has to do with room acoustics, then why are microphones needed now? | Part of it is room acoustics, part of it is vocal projection by actors. As far as I know stage actors still train in projection (basically having a big booming voice that carries well but doesn't sound like you're just shouting your lines), but microphones are probably mainly in use to make it easier on the actors' voi... | [
"Part of it is room acoustics, part of it is vocal projection by actors. As far as I know stage actors still train in projection (basically having a big booming voice that carries well but doesn't sound like you're just shouting your lines), but microphones are probably mainly in use to make it easier on the actors... | 9 | [
"Part of it is room acoustics, part of it is vocal projection by actors. As far as I know stage actors still train in projection (basically having a big booming voice that carries well but doesn't sound like you're just shouting your lines), but microphones are probably mainly in use to make it easier on the actors... | 5 | <P> Since the microphones of the period were not very sensitive, they had to be brought as close to the performers as possible. Because of the visible shadows that the microphones would have cast under the intense lighting of the film sets they had to be hidden in many scenes behind all sorts of objects such as armcha... | question: how could theatre patrons hear the actors on stage before modern electricity? if it has to do with room acoustics, then why are microphones needed now? context: <P> Since the microphones of the period were not very sensitive, they had to be brought as close to the performers as possible. Because of the visib... | answer: Part of it is room acoustics, part of it is vocal projection by actors. As far as I know stage actors still train in projection (basically having a big booming voice that carries well but doesn't sound like you're just shouting your lines), but microphones are probably mainly in use to make it easier on the act... |
38,138 | 829p01 | Why being a diabetic keeps you from donating blood? | Two factors generally go into consideration for donating blood: health risks for the recipient and health risks for the donor. Usually with diabetics (especially if uncontrolled), they are at high risk for complications related to hypoglycemia because of their natural inability to control body sugar levels. In a simila... | [
"Two factors generally go into consideration for donating blood: health risks for the recipient and health risks for the donor. Usually with diabetics (especially if uncontrolled), they are at high risk for complications related to hypoglycemia because of their natural inability to control body sugar levels. In a s... | 1 | [
"Two factors generally go into consideration for donating blood: health risks for the recipient and health risks for the donor. Usually with diabetics (especially if uncontrolled), they are at high risk for complications related to hypoglycemia because of their natural inability to control body sugar levels. In a s... | 1 | <P> Research published in 2012 demonstrated that repeated blood donation is effective in reducing blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and heart rate in patients with metabolic syndrome.
<P> There are several reasons why individuals can be deferred from donati... | question: Why being a diabetic keeps you from donating blood? context: <P> Research published in 2012 demonstrated that repeated blood donation is effective in reducing blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and heart rate in patients with metabolic syndrome.
<P>... | answer: Two factors generally go into consideration for donating blood: health risks for the recipient and health risks for the donor. Usually with diabetics (especially if uncontrolled), they are at high risk for complications related to hypoglycemia because of their natural inability to control body sugar levels. In ... |
13,888 | 4dcvsq | Are quarks and electrons really indivisible? | > It's hard for me to understand how something can exist without being made of anything else, it just exists.Do you imagine that the sub-particles of electrons and quarks would also have sub-particles etc.? I find the idea of there being an infinite regression of sub-particles much harder to swallow. | [
" > It's hard for me to understand how something can exist without being made of anything else, it just exists.\n\nDo you imagine that the sub-particles of electrons and quarks would also have sub-particles etc.? I find the idea of there being an infinite regression of sub-particles much harder to swallow."
] | 1 | [
" > It's hard for me to understand how something can exist without being made of anything else, it just exists.\n\nDo you imagine that the sub-particles of electrons and quarks would also have sub-particles etc.? I find the idea of there being an infinite regression of sub-particles much harder to swallow."
] | 1 | <P> Quarks are the fundamental constituents of hadrons and interact via the strong interaction. Quarks are the only known carriers of fractional charge, but because they combine in groups of three (baryons) or in pairs of one quark and one antiquark (mesons), only integer charge is observed in nature. Their respective... | question: Are quarks and electrons really indivisible? context: <P> Quarks are the fundamental constituents of hadrons and interact via the strong interaction. Quarks are the only known carriers of fractional charge, but because they combine in groups of three (baryons) or in pairs of one quark and one antiquark (meso... | answer: > It's hard for me to understand how something can exist without being made of anything else, it just exists.Do you imagine that the sub-particles of electrons and quarks would also have sub-particles etc.? I find the idea of there being an infinite regression of sub-particles much harder to swallow. |
127,435 | 1e40rz | WW2 Veterans, Personal Narratives, etc. | Have you looked at the Library of Congress's Veteran's Project? I think my Dad has a tape in there (WWII B29). I am sure there is a lot of personal artifacts in there. | [
"Have you looked at the Library of Congress's Veteran's Project? I think my Dad has a tape in there (WWII B29). I am sure there is a lot of personal artifacts in there."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The project preserves the memories of soldiers whose military service occurred around the globe. These oral histories provide first-hand resources for scholarly research in military history and US history. They address veterans’ experiences during the time periods of the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War, the Kore... | question: WW2 Veterans, Personal Narratives, etc. context: <P> The project preserves the memories of soldiers whose military service occurred around the globe. These oral histories provide first-hand resources for scholarly research in military history and US history. They address veterans’ experiences during the time... | answer: Have you looked at the Library of Congress's Veteran's Project? I think my Dad has a tape in there (WWII B29). I am sure there is a lot of personal artifacts in there. |
151,614 | 1ybb39 | there's so much hustle and bustle about the united states being so "free", but what exactly separates us from countries such as let's say..canada? or switzerland? what about sweden? aren't they just as free as we are? | This is not a complete answer to your question, and it may even raise more questions (but that is also my experience when answering the questions of real five year olds, so perhaps that is a good thing). When asking your question, you also have to take the meaning of the word "freedom" into consideration. What does "fr... | [
"It's mostly comes out of the fact that the United States had the Bill of Rights when most of the world was still ruled by monarchies. For the most part, most western style democracies have the same level of freedom as the United States. There is a free press, the ability to protest, and the freedom to worship or... | 8 | [
"It's mostly comes out of the fact that the United States had the Bill of Rights when most of the world was still ruled by monarchies. For the most part, most western style democracies have the same level of freedom as the United States. There is a free press, the ability to protest, and the freedom to worship or... | 7 | <P> The United States and Sweden have strong economic relations. The United States is currently the third-largest Swedish export trade partner, and U.S. companies are the most represented foreign companies in Sweden.
<P> In 2012 Canadian news columnist Andrew Coyne described countries with free trade with both the E... | question: there's so much hustle and bustle about the united states being so "free", but what exactly separates us from countries such as let's say..canada? or switzerland? what about sweden? aren't they just as free as we are? context: <P> The United States and Sweden have strong economic relations. The United States... | answer: This is not a complete answer to your question, and it may even raise more questions (but that is also my experience when answering the questions of real five year olds, so perhaps that is a good thing). When asking your question, you also have to take the meaning of the word "freedom" into consideration. What ... |
89,036 | 7j05xu | the tommy john surgery and how it makes baseball pitchers throw better | Throwing baseballs at 80+ MPH for years is really hard on your arm. This includes the joints, tendons, and ligaments all the way from your wrist to your shoulder.One of the most affected areas is the elbow, specifically the UCL or "ulnar collateral ligament." Tommy John surgery is basically a tissue graft where they re... | [
"Throwing baseballs at 80+ MPH for years is really hard on your arm. This includes the joints, tendons, and ligaments all the way from your wrist to your shoulder.\n\nOne of the most affected areas is the elbow, specifically the UCL or \"ulnar collateral ligament.\" Tommy John surgery is basically a tissue graft wh... | 1 | [
"Throwing baseballs at 80+ MPH for years is really hard on your arm. This includes the joints, tendons, and ligaments all the way from your wrist to your shoulder.\n\nOne of the most affected areas is the elbow, specifically the UCL or \"ulnar collateral ligament.\" Tommy John surgery is basically a tissue graft wh... | 1 | <P> The procedure is named for Major League Baseball pitcher Curt Schilling, who required the surgery to be able to pitch for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 2004 American League Championship Series and Game 2 of the 2004 World Series.
<P> Some baseball pitchers believe they can throw harder after ulnar collater... | question: the tommy john surgery and how it makes baseball pitchers throw better context: <P> The procedure is named for Major League Baseball pitcher Curt Schilling, who required the surgery to be able to pitch for the Boston Red Sox in Game 6 of the 2004 American League Championship Series and Game 2 of the 2004 Wor... | answer: Throwing baseballs at 80+ MPH for years is really hard on your arm. This includes the joints, tendons, and ligaments all the way from your wrist to your shoulder.One of the most affected areas is the elbow, specifically the UCL or "ulnar collateral ligament." Tommy John surgery is basically a tissue graft where... |
172,656 | 4ecga5 | Why do wet things dry, though they're not at boiling temperature ? | Water and all liquids have a vapor pressure. So at equilibrium at a certain temperature, a fraction of the liquid will exist as a vapor. In a closed container, once equilibrium has been established (reached 100% humidity) no further net evaporation will occur. However in an open system, the vapor will leave and now ... | [
"The University of Cambridge brings up this subject in regards to clothes drying, where they state: \n\n > Water has energy. So, in other words, at any given temperature, the water molecules are vibrating or moving around, washing machine proportional to the temperature of the water and when we give energy to wate... | 2 | [
"The University of Cambridge brings up this subject in regards to clothes drying, where they state: \n\n > Water has energy. So, in other words, at any given temperature, the water molecules are vibrating or moving around, washing machine proportional to the temperature of the water and when we give energy to wate... | 2 | <P> Not all ceramic pieces are dry when they need cleaning. Some ceramics, such as those that are excavated archaeologically, will be damp or wet in nature. Conservators tend to remove the surface dirt before the object is completely dry. This is done because it is easier to do before the dirt hardens and because as i... | question: Why do wet things dry, though they're not at boiling temperature ? context: <P> Not all ceramic pieces are dry when they need cleaning. Some ceramics, such as those that are excavated archaeologically, will be damp or wet in nature. Conservators tend to remove the surface dirt before the object is completely... | answer: Water and all liquids have a vapor pressure. So at equilibrium at a certain temperature, a fraction of the liquid will exist as a vapor. In a closed container, once equilibrium has been established (reached 100% humidity) no further net evaporation will occur. However in an open system, the vapor will leave ... |
78,210 | 11buef | Why do animals who live deep underwater on Hydrothermal vents have eyes? | The presence of eyes, while somewhat useless in the abyss, are not an inherent disadvantage, and were likely retained as vestigial remnants of the eyes the creatures' ancestors had when they first went into the depths. This is the explanation for most of the eyed-creatures in the abyss.Though I'm not sure which creatur... | [
"The presence of eyes, while somewhat useless in the abyss, are not an inherent disadvantage, and were likely retained as vestigial remnants of the eyes the creatures' ancestors had when they first went into the depths. This is the explanation for most of the eyed-creatures in the abyss.\n\nThough I'm not sure whic... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> Because of the lack of light, some species do not have eyes. Those possessing eyes in this zone include the viperfish and the frill shark. Many forms of nekton live in the bathyal zone, such as squid, large whales, and octopuses. In the bathyal, some of the world's largest whales feed. Sponges, brachiopods, sea st... | question: Why do animals who live deep underwater on Hydrothermal vents have eyes? context: <P> Because of the lack of light, some species do not have eyes. Those possessing eyes in this zone include the viperfish and the frill shark. Many forms of nekton live in the bathyal zone, such as squid, large whales, and octo... | answer: The presence of eyes, while somewhat useless in the abyss, are not an inherent disadvantage, and were likely retained as vestigial remnants of the eyes the creatures' ancestors had when they first went into the depths. This is the explanation for most of the eyed-creatures in the abyss.Though I'm not sure which... |
107,504 | 74vtpq | Where does the expression 'break a leg' come from? | Check out this answer by /u/caffarelli and /u/AshkenazeeYankee:[When/how was the phrase: 'Break a leg' first coined?](_URL_0_)TL;DR: we don't know, but there are some interesting theories about it.EDIT: fixed circular link | [
"Check out this answer by /u/caffarelli and /u/AshkenazeeYankee:\n\n[When/how was the phrase: 'Break a leg' first coined?](_URL_0_)\n\nTL;DR: we don't know, but there are some interesting theories about it.\n\nEDIT: fixed circular link"
] | 1 | [
"Check out this answer by /u/caffarelli and /u/AshkenazeeYankee:\n\n[When/how was the phrase: 'Break a leg' first coined?](_URL_0_)\n\nTL;DR: we don't know, but there are some interesting theories about it.\n\nEDIT: fixed circular link"
] | 1 | <P> "Break a leg" is an idiom in theatre used to wish a performer "good luck" in an ironic way. Well-wishers typically say "Break a leg" to actors and musicians before they go on stage to perform. The origin of the phrase remains obscure.
<P> Other idioms are deliberately figurative. "Break a leg", used as an ironic... | question: Where does the expression 'break a leg' come from? context: <P> "Break a leg" is an idiom in theatre used to wish a performer "good luck" in an ironic way. Well-wishers typically say "Break a leg" to actors and musicians before they go on stage to perform. The origin of the phrase remains obscure.
<P> Othe... | answer: Check out this answer by /u/caffarelli and /u/AshkenazeeYankee:[When/how was the phrase: 'Break a leg' first coined?](_URL_0_)TL;DR: we don't know, but there are some interesting theories about it.EDIT: fixed circular link |
24,848 | 15jp4g | Can you fail a lie detector test for things you think about intensely but never have done? | Forgive me for ignoring the specific content of your question (since I don't really know much about lie detector technology.) It sounds like you feel guilty and ashamed about these thoughts you're having, and fear about other people realizing you think about those things. > I’ve even thought about some very weird and... | [
"Forgive me for ignoring the specific content of your question (since I don't really know much about lie detector technology.) It sounds like you feel guilty and ashamed about these thoughts you're having, and fear about other people realizing you think about those things.\n\n > I’ve even thought about some very ... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Langleben was inspired to test lie detection while he was at Stanford University studying the effects of a drug on children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). He found that these children have a more difficult time inhibiting the truth. He postulated that lying requires increased brain activity compared to tru... | question: Can you fail a lie detector test for things you think about intensely but never have done? context: <P> Langleben was inspired to test lie detection while he was at Stanford University studying the effects of a drug on children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). He found that these children have a more d... | answer: Forgive me for ignoring the specific content of your question (since I don't really know much about lie detector technology.) It sounds like you feel guilty and ashamed about these thoughts you're having, and fear about other people realizing you think about those things. > I’ve even thought about some very w... |
186,065 | 3x0541 | How big of an impact does the smog in China have on the rest of the world? And, in detail, what type of impact is it having? | Being "downwind" of China; Japan and Korea are shown on this site that shows air pollution 2.5-micron particulate matter counts "PM2.5"_URL_0_It's in Japanese but the format and maps are pretty intuitive. The levels can often reach the moderately bad level, which can cause problems for people with asthma, etc. | [
"Being \"downwind\" of China; Japan and Korea are shown on this site that shows air pollution 2.5-micron particulate matter counts \"PM2.5\"\n\n_URL_0_\n\nIt's in Japanese but the format and maps are pretty intuitive. The levels can often reach the moderately bad level, which can cause problems for people with asth... | 1 | [
"Being \"downwind\" of China; Japan and Korea are shown on this site that shows air pollution 2.5-micron particulate matter counts \"PM2.5\"\n\n_URL_0_\n\nIt's in Japanese but the format and maps are pretty intuitive. The levels can often reach the moderately bad level, which can cause problems for people with asth... | 1 | <P> Modern studies continue to find links between mortality and the presence of smog. One study, published in Nature magazine, found that smog episodes in the city of Jinan, a large city in eastern China, during 2011–15, were associated with a 5.87% (95% CI 0.16–11.58%) increase in the rate of overall mortality. This ... | question: How big of an impact does the smog in China have on the rest of the world? And, in detail, what type of impact is it having? context: <P> Modern studies continue to find links between mortality and the presence of smog. One study, published in Nature magazine, found that smog episodes in the city of Jinan, a... | answer: Being "downwind" of China; Japan and Korea are shown on this site that shows air pollution 2.5-micron particulate matter counts "PM2.5"_URL_0_It's in Japanese but the format and maps are pretty intuitive. The levels can often reach the moderately bad level, which can cause problems for people with asthma, etc. |
223,201 | 6f71b8 | Why do we build larger particle colliders with bigger diameters instead smaller diameters traveled multiple times? | To go to higher energies at a fixed bending radius, you need stronger bending magnets. The momentum per unit charge of a particle along the central orbit inside a bending element is called its *magnetic rigidty*: Bρ = p/q.B is the magnetic field strength of the bending magnet, ρ is the bending radius of the central orb... | [
"To go to higher energies at a fixed bending radius, you need stronger bending magnets. The momentum per unit charge of a particle along the central orbit inside a bending element is called its *magnetic rigidty*: Bρ = p/q.\n\nB is the magnetic field strength of the bending magnet, ρ is the bending radius of the ce... | 2 | [
"To go to higher energies at a fixed bending radius, you need stronger bending magnets. The momentum per unit charge of a particle along the central orbit inside a bending element is called its *magnetic rigidty*: Bρ = p/q.\n\nB is the magnetic field strength of the bending magnet, ρ is the bending radius of the ce... | 2 | <P> The shape of the collider is also important. High energy physics colliders collect particles into bunches, and then collide the bunches together. However, only a very tiny fraction of particles in each bunch actually collide. In circular colliders, these bunches travel around a roughly circular shape in opposite d... | question: Why do we build larger particle colliders with bigger diameters instead smaller diameters traveled multiple times? context: <P> The shape of the collider is also important. High energy physics colliders collect particles into bunches, and then collide the bunches together. However, only a very tiny fraction ... | answer: To go to higher energies at a fixed bending radius, you need stronger bending magnets. The momentum per unit charge of a particle along the central orbit inside a bending element is called its *magnetic rigidty*: Bρ = p/q.B is the magnetic field strength of the bending magnet, ρ is the bending radius of the cen... |
127,317 | 63mm0h | How can my portable battery charger drain itself completely when charging my phone? Shouldn't the two batteries come to equilibrium? | Portable chargers and phones are not directly connected batteries. The portable charger has a boost converter, that takes the voltage (between 3 and 4v) from the internal battery(ies), oscillates it to create an alternating current that can be boosted in voltage using a coil, capacitor or both, and then it gets rectifi... | [
"Portable chargers and phones are not directly connected batteries. The portable charger has a boost converter, that takes the voltage (between 3 and 4v) from the internal battery(ies), oscillates it to create an alternating current that can be boosted in voltage using a coil, capacitor or both, and then it gets re... | 9 | [
"Portable chargers and phones are not directly connected batteries. The portable charger has a boost converter, that takes the voltage (between 3 and 4v) from the internal battery(ies), oscillates it to create an alternating current that can be boosted in voltage using a coil, capacitor or both, and then it gets re... | 8 | <P> A series charge controller or series regulator disables further current flow into batteries when they are full. A shunt charge controller or shunt regulator diverts excess electricity to an auxiliary or "shunt" load, such as an electric water heater, when batteries are full.
<P> If a battery is connected to a si... | question: How can my portable battery charger drain itself completely when charging my phone? Shouldn't the two batteries come to equilibrium? context: <P> A series charge controller or series regulator disables further current flow into batteries when they are full. A shunt charge controller or shunt regulator divert... | answer: Portable chargers and phones are not directly connected batteries. The portable charger has a boost converter, that takes the voltage (between 3 and 4v) from the internal battery(ies), oscillates it to create an alternating current that can be boosted in voltage using a coil, capacitor or both, and then it gets... |
15,484 | 20lybi | why taking antibiotics long term does not lead to antibiotic resistance, but taking them for too short of a time (ie not finishing the prescription) does? | It's like weeding a garden.If you don't get the roots out, the weeds come back.Kill all the weeds and you keep a healthy garden, leave the roots and they come back.But with anti-biotics it survival of the fittest, the most resistant survive the die off and re-populate with a more resistant strain. | [
"It's like weeding a garden.\n\nIf you don't get the roots out, the weeds come back.\n\nKill all the weeds and you keep a healthy garden, leave the roots and they come back.\n\nBut with anti-biotics it survival of the fittest, the most resistant survive the die off and re-populate with a more resistant strain.",
... | 4 | [
"It's like weeding a garden.\n\nIf you don't get the roots out, the weeds come back.\n\nKill all the weeds and you keep a healthy garden, leave the roots and they come back.\n\nBut with anti-biotics it survival of the fittest, the most resistant survive the die off and re-populate with a more resistant strain."
] | 1 | <P> Antibiotic resistance increases with duration of treatment. Therefore, as long as an effective minimum is kept, shorter courses of antibiotics are likely to decrease rates of resistance, reduce cost, and have better outcomes with fewer complications. Short course regimens exist for community-acquired pneumonia spo... | question: why taking antibiotics long term does not lead to antibiotic resistance, but taking them for too short of a time (ie not finishing the prescription) does? context: <P> Antibiotic resistance increases with duration of treatment. Therefore, as long as an effective minimum is kept, shorter courses of antibiotic... | answer: It's like weeding a garden.If you don't get the roots out, the weeds come back.Kill all the weeds and you keep a healthy garden, leave the roots and they come back.But with anti-biotics it survival of the fittest, the most resistant survive the die off and re-populate with a more resistant strain. |
128,498 | 2tp0gm | During or after it rains, it appears like headlights and flashlights are less powerful. Why? | What you're probably noticing is light being scattered by the raindrops or foggy humidity in the air. Less light gets delivered to the target of the beam, which is where you're looking, and more gets tossed in all directions. That's why you can see the beams under those conditions as well, because of the light that's b... | [
"What you're probably noticing is light being scattered by the raindrops or foggy humidity in the air. Less light gets delivered to the target of the beam, which is where you're looking, and more gets tossed in all directions. That's why you can see the beams under those conditions as well, because of the light tha... | 2 | [
"What you're probably noticing is light being scattered by the raindrops or foggy humidity in the air. Less light gets delivered to the target of the beam, which is where you're looking, and more gets tossed in all directions. That's why you can see the beams under those conditions as well, because of the light tha... | 2 | <P> These radars had S-band wavelengths, so attenuation by rain was almost entirely avoided (Atlas and Banks 1951); however, detection of light rain and snow was minimal due to system performance limitations.
<P> The most common type of floodlight is the metal-halide lamp, which emits a bright white light (typically... | question: During or after it rains, it appears like headlights and flashlights are less powerful. Why? context: <P> These radars had S-band wavelengths, so attenuation by rain was almost entirely avoided (Atlas and Banks 1951); however, detection of light rain and snow was minimal due to system performance limitations... | answer: What you're probably noticing is light being scattered by the raindrops or foggy humidity in the air. Less light gets delivered to the target of the beam, which is where you're looking, and more gets tossed in all directions. That's why you can see the beams under those conditions as well, because of the light ... |
209,849 | 88emhp | Why were live-in domestic servants so much more common in the 19th and early 20th centuries than they are today? | I'm giving this answer mostly based on two books by the same historian, Frank Trentmann: - The Empire of Things (2016) - The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption (2012) From their titles alone, you may be able to guess that Trentmann would give a very goods-based answer.There's the obvious answer that domestic... | [
"I'm giving this answer mostly based on two books by the same historian, Frank Trentmann:\n\n - The Empire of Things (2016)\n - The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption (2012)\n \nFrom their titles alone, you may be able to guess that Trentmann would give a very goods-based answer.\n\nThere's the obvious a... | 1 | [
"I'm giving this answer mostly based on two books by the same historian, Frank Trentmann:\n\n - The Empire of Things (2016)\n - The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption (2012)\n \nFrom their titles alone, you may be able to guess that Trentmann would give a very goods-based answer.\n\nThere's the obvious a... | 1 | <P> Edwardian Britain had large numbers of male and female domestic servants, in both urban and rural areas. Middle and upper-class women relied on servants to run their homes smoothly. Servants were provided with food, clothing, housing, and a small wage, and lived in a self-enclosed social system inside the mansion.... | question: Why were live-in domestic servants so much more common in the 19th and early 20th centuries than they are today? context: <P> Edwardian Britain had large numbers of male and female domestic servants, in both urban and rural areas. Middle and upper-class women relied on servants to run their homes smoothly. S... | answer: I'm giving this answer mostly based on two books by the same historian, Frank Trentmann: - The Empire of Things (2016) - The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption (2012) From their titles alone, you may be able to guess that Trentmann would give a very goods-based answer.There's the obvious answer that ... |
36,505 | hpfhq | How do capacitors actually "store" energy? | I don't know how deep you want to go with this, but I'll answer this way and then we can gauge whether you want to go deeper or not.When you charge a parallel-plate capacitor (the type you're describing in the question), one side is positive and the other side is negative, like you said. When this happens, you generate... | [
"Energy is stored in the electric field between the plates. Voltage is a measure of electric potential energy.",
"I don't know how deep you want to go with this, but I'll answer this way and then we can gauge whether you want to go deeper or not.\n\nWhen you charge a parallel-plate capacitor (the type you're desc... | 2 | [
"Energy is stored in the electric field between the plates. Voltage is a measure of electric potential energy.",
"I don't know how deep you want to go with this, but I'll answer this way and then we can gauge whether you want to go deeper or not.\n\nWhen you charge a parallel-plate capacitor (the type you're desc... | 2 | <P> A capacitor (originally known as a 'condenser') is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically. Practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e., insulator). A capacitor can store electric energy whe... | question: How do capacitors actually "store" energy? context: <P> A capacitor (originally known as a 'condenser') is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically. Practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectr... | answer: I don't know how deep you want to go with this, but I'll answer this way and then we can gauge whether you want to go deeper or not.When you charge a parallel-plate capacitor (the type you're describing in the question), one side is positive and the other side is negative, like you said. When this happens, you ... |
57,460 | 1r9c4k | How did the rise of punk rock differ in NY, LA and London and which scene came first? | New York City is unquestionably the birthplace of punk rock including the term (via *Punk* magazine, founded by *Please Kill Me* author Legs McNeil).Without Ramones first UK tour there are about half a dozen prominent UK punk bands who probably wouldn't exist as they site that band and tour with their direct inspiratio... | [
"I would strongly recommend reading \"Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk\". The whole book is a story told through quotes from the members of the punk scene at the beginning. Though NY focused there is some overlap with other scenes.",
"New York City is unquestionably the birthplace of punk roc... | 2 | [
"I would strongly recommend reading \"Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk\". The whole book is a story told through quotes from the members of the punk scene at the beginning. Though NY focused there is some overlap with other scenes.",
"New York City is unquestionably the birthplace of punk roc... | 2 | <P> New York City had the earliest documented punk rock scene in the United States. Drawing on local influences such as The Velvet Underground, Richard Hell, and the New York Dolls, punk music developed at clubs such as CBGB and Max's Kansas City. Patti Smith, Talking Heads, Blondie, Suicide, Television, The Fleshtone... | question: How did the rise of punk rock differ in NY, LA and London and which scene came first? context: <P> New York City had the earliest documented punk rock scene in the United States. Drawing on local influences such as The Velvet Underground, Richard Hell, and the New York Dolls, punk music developed at clubs su... | answer: New York City is unquestionably the birthplace of punk rock including the term (via *Punk* magazine, founded by *Please Kill Me* author Legs McNeil).Without Ramones first UK tour there are about half a dozen prominent UK punk bands who probably wouldn't exist as they site that band and tour with their direct in... |
95,520 | 1ojnmb | How can tree roots grow under concrete slabs, sidewalks or roads; where dirt is compacted, there is almost no water, oxygen and organic material? | The organic material comes from water and carbon dioxide. Trees build almost all of their mass from [synthesizing](_URL_1_) simple sugar molecules. They use those as energy sources for their cells and as building blocks in large chain molecules such as [cellulose](_URL_2_). These chain molecules are what constitutes th... | [
"The organic material comes from water and carbon dioxide. Trees build almost all of their mass from [synthesizing](_URL_1_) simple sugar molecules. They use those as energy sources for their cells and as building blocks in large chain molecules such as [cellulose](_URL_2_). These chain molecules are what constitut... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Permeable pavements may give urban trees the rooting space they need to grow to full size. A "structural-soil" pavement base combines structural aggregate with soil; a porous surface admits vital air and water to the rooting zone. This integrates healthy ecology and thriving cities, with the living tree canopy abo... | question: How can tree roots grow under concrete slabs, sidewalks or roads; where dirt is compacted, there is almost no water, oxygen and organic material? context: <P> Permeable pavements may give urban trees the rooting space they need to grow to full size. A "structural-soil" pavement base combines structural aggre... | answer: The organic material comes from water and carbon dioxide. Trees build almost all of their mass from [synthesizing](_URL_1_) simple sugar molecules. They use those as energy sources for their cells and as building blocks in large chain molecules such as [cellulose](_URL_2_). These chain molecules are what consti... |
175,184 | 4covkn | What really happens when I "get used" to cold water? | The thermoreceptors in your skin send signals towards your brain when there is a *change in temperature*.When you have exposed yourself to cold water, you feel the immediate change in temperature at the surface of your skin. At this point, your sympathetic nervous system (which controls the unconscious 'fight or flight... | [
"You perceive cold from the rate of change in thermal energy. The greater the difference in energy (temperature) two objects are, the faster the rate of change in thermal energy occurs. \n\nThermal energy flows from high to low. So your body to the water. When you initially jump in the water the difference in energ... | 8 | [
"The thermoreceptors in your skin send signals towards your brain when there is a *change in temperature*.\n\nWhen you have exposed yourself to cold water, you feel the immediate change in temperature at the surface of your skin. At this point, your sympathetic nervous system (which controls the unconscious 'fight ... | 6 | <P> The HELP is an attempt to reduce heat loss enough to lessen the effect of hypothermia. Hypothermia is essentially a condition where bodily temperature drops too low to perform normal voluntary or involuntary functions. Cold water causes "immersion hypothermia", which can cause damage to extremities or the body's c... | question: What really happens when I "get used" to cold water? context: <P> The HELP is an attempt to reduce heat loss enough to lessen the effect of hypothermia. Hypothermia is essentially a condition where bodily temperature drops too low to perform normal voluntary or involuntary functions. Cold water causes "immer... | answer: The thermoreceptors in your skin send signals towards your brain when there is a *change in temperature*.When you have exposed yourself to cold water, you feel the immediate change in temperature at the surface of your skin. At this point, your sympathetic nervous system (which controls the unconscious 'fight o... |
179,205 | 6shlcc | how am i able to identify a tv show as being a soap opera simply by watching for a few seconds? what are they doing with the camera that's so unusual? | Soap operas are film at 60hz and your tv displays 60hz. If you watch a soap opera at 30hz the effect goes away. Film with your phone at 60 and it will cause the same effect. Ot watch movies at 120hz. The blur and noise effect goes away. Also the aweful production sets give them away. | [
"Soap operas are film at 60hz and your tv displays 60hz. If you watch a soap opera at 30hz the effect goes away. Film with your phone at 60 and it will cause the same effect. Ot watch movies at 120hz. The blur and noise effect goes away. Also the aweful production sets give them away."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> The show's format, unchanged since its debut, began with a 15-minute daily recap of soap opera serials aired that day, with the last 45 minutes being a talk/variety-type show. In the latter portion of the show, subjects could vary from show to show. In one show, a famous TV, movie, or newsmaking celebrity may make... | question: how am i able to identify a tv show as being a soap opera simply by watching for a few seconds? what are they doing with the camera that's so unusual? context: <P> The show's format, unchanged since its debut, began with a 15-minute daily recap of soap opera serials aired that day, with the last 45 minutes b... | answer: Soap operas are film at 60hz and your tv displays 60hz. If you watch a soap opera at 30hz the effect goes away. Film with your phone at 60 and it will cause the same effect. Ot watch movies at 120hz. The blur and noise effect goes away. Also the aweful production sets give them away. |
93,082 | ehvap3 | Why did the Spanish destroy almost all of the Mayan's records? | I think you are referring to the famous auto de fe of Maní organised by Fray Diego de Landa, where not only the Mayan codices were burnt, but also many statues, idols, and any lithurgical implement Fray Diego and his enforcers could get their hands on. The motivation, as you comment, was religious, the idea being to su... | [
"I think you are referring to the famous auto de fe of Maní organised by Fray Diego de Landa, where not only the Mayan codices were burnt, but also many statues, idols, and any lithurgical implement Fray Diego and his enforcers could get their hands on. The motivation, as you comment, was religious, the idea being ... | 1 | [
"I think you are referring to the famous auto de fe of Maní organised by Fray Diego de Landa, where not only the Mayan codices were burnt, but also many statues, idols, and any lithurgical implement Fray Diego and his enforcers could get their hands on. The motivation, as you comment, was religious, the idea being ... | 1 | <P> The interpretation of Maya hieroglyphs was lost as a result of the Spanish Conquest of Central America. However, recent work by Maya epigraphers and linguists has yielded a considerable amount of information on this complex writing system.
<P> Because the Spanish were now in power, native culture and religion we... | question: Why did the Spanish destroy almost all of the Mayan's records? context: <P> The interpretation of Maya hieroglyphs was lost as a result of the Spanish Conquest of Central America. However, recent work by Maya epigraphers and linguists has yielded a considerable amount of information on this complex writing s... | answer: I think you are referring to the famous auto de fe of Maní organised by Fray Diego de Landa, where not only the Mayan codices were burnt, but also many statues, idols, and any lithurgical implement Fray Diego and his enforcers could get their hands on. The motivation, as you comment, was religious, the idea bei... |
158,059 | 23h2pq | If our eyes have red, green, and blue cones, how do we see yellow and orange? | Yellow light will stimulate both the red and green cones, to a particular extent. The amount of stimulation will determine the exact color you see. This is true for every color you see, very rarely will you encounter pure blue/red/green light source. | [
"Yellow light will stimulate both the red and green cones, to a particular extent. The amount of stimulation will determine the exact color you see. \n\nThis is true for every color you see, very rarely will you encounter pure blue/red/green light source. "
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> People who are colorblind have mutations in their genes that cause a loss of either red or green cones, and they therefore have a hard time distinguishing between colors. There are three kinds of cones in the human eye: red, green, and blue.
<P> An orange color is not as close to white. It doesn't activate the r... | question: If our eyes have red, green, and blue cones, how do we see yellow and orange? context: <P> People who are colorblind have mutations in their genes that cause a loss of either red or green cones, and they therefore have a hard time distinguishing between colors. There are three kinds of cones in the human eye... | answer: Yellow light will stimulate both the red and green cones, to a particular extent. The amount of stimulation will determine the exact color you see. This is true for every color you see, very rarely will you encounter pure blue/red/green light source. |
125,108 | 3jis2w | Some words change their meanings over time based on popular usage (e.g. literally/figuratively). Does this happen often? Does it happen in languages other than English? | Yes to both your questions, [semantic drift](_URL_0_) is one of the main ways in which language change occurs. It's the main reason why the word *gay* has changed its meaning so drastically in the last 50 years, and also why the word *starve* means to die specifically of hunger and not just generally 'to die' as it doe... | [
"Yes to both your questions, [semantic drift](_URL_0_) is one of the main ways in which language change occurs. It's the main reason why the word *gay* has changed its meaning so drastically in the last 50 years, and also why the word *starve* means to die specifically of hunger and not just generally 'to die' as i... | 1 | [
"Yes to both your questions, [semantic drift](_URL_0_) is one of the main ways in which language change occurs. It's the main reason why the word *gay* has changed its meaning so drastically in the last 50 years, and also why the word *starve* means to die specifically of hunger and not just generally 'to die' as i... | 1 | <P> Since such change due to very frequent use occurs much more rapidly than the change in meaning all words go through, and since such words are even sometimes still simultaneously used in their original sense, the new usage is often considered incorrect by some speakers. Other examples include "nice", "terrific", "t... | question: Some words change their meanings over time based on popular usage (e.g. literally/figuratively). Does this happen often? Does it happen in languages other than English? context: <P> Since such change due to very frequent use occurs much more rapidly than the change in meaning all words go through, and since ... | answer: Yes to both your questions, [semantic drift](_URL_0_) is one of the main ways in which language change occurs. It's the main reason why the word *gay* has changed its meaning so drastically in the last 50 years, and also why the word *starve* means to die specifically of hunger and not just generally 'to die' a... |
56,798 | 445vf6 | group think or hive mind. and why does reddit suffer from hive mind instead of other sites such as twitter, facebook, or instagram? or do they suffer as well? is there any advantages to hive mind? | Reddit has a hive mind because all user votes impact all other users. You can't choose to have Reddit not count votes from certain people, so the majority opinions on the website will almost always appear on top for everyone.Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are more like echo chambers. Users control who they hear from/... | [
"I don't know about the psychology behind groupthink but I would argue one of the major things Reddit has that Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram don't is the upvote/downvote function, which essentially ensures that popular opinions are brought to the top while unpopular ones are pushed to the bottom. Twitter, Instag... | 2 | [
"Reddit has a hive mind because all user votes impact all other users. You can't choose to have Reddit not count votes from certain people, so the majority opinions on the website will almost always appear on top for everyone.\n\nTwitter, Facebook, and Instagram are more like echo chambers. Users control who they h... | 1 | <P> BULLET::::- " [...] critics of Twitter point to the predominance of the hive mind in such social media, the kind of groupthink that submerges independent thinking in favor of conformity to the group, the collective"
<P> As conceived in speculative fiction, hive minds often imply (almost) complete loss (or lack) ... | question: group think or hive mind. and why does reddit suffer from hive mind instead of other sites such as twitter, facebook, or instagram? or do they suffer as well? is there any advantages to hive mind? context: <P> BULLET::::- " [...] critics of Twitter point to the predominance of the hive mind in such social me... | answer: Reddit has a hive mind because all user votes impact all other users. You can't choose to have Reddit not count votes from certain people, so the majority opinions on the website will almost always appear on top for everyone.Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are more like echo chambers. Users control who they he... |
5,265 | dhb9b9 | What are the most concerning potential shortages in natural resources? | > Helium? Lithium? Sand?None of those are required for our survival. Compare this to the [loss of insect biomass](_URL_0_) or a [shortage of farmland](_URL_0_) due to climate change. Either of those things would mean that humanity will eventually run out of *food*. That means mass starvation and wars for whatever usab... | [
" > Helium? Lithium? Sand?\n\nNone of those are required for our survival. Compare this to the [loss of insect biomass](_URL_0_) or a [shortage of farmland](_URL_0_) due to climate change. Either of those things would mean that humanity will eventually run out of *food*. That means mass starvation and wars for what... | 1 | [
" > Helium? Lithium? Sand?\n\nNone of those are required for our survival. Compare this to the [loss of insect biomass](_URL_0_) or a [shortage of farmland](_URL_0_) due to climate change. Either of those things would mean that humanity will eventually run out of *food*. That means mass starvation and wars for what... | 1 | <P> The overarching thesis on why there is no resource crisis is that as a particular resource becomes more scarce, its price rises. This price rise creates an incentive for people to discover more of the resource, ration and recycle it, and eventually, develop substitutes. The "ultimate resource" is not any particula... | question: What are the most concerning potential shortages in natural resources? context: <P> The overarching thesis on why there is no resource crisis is that as a particular resource becomes more scarce, its price rises. This price rise creates an incentive for people to discover more of the resource, ration and rec... | answer: > Helium? Lithium? Sand?None of those are required for our survival. Compare this to the [loss of insect biomass](_URL_0_) or a [shortage of farmland](_URL_0_) due to climate change. Either of those things would mean that humanity will eventually run out of *food*. That means mass starvation and wars for whate... |
59,145 | 4igw01 | is 1 minute in a 500watt microwave the same as 30 seconds in a 1000watt microwave? | Same amount of energy applied, but if it's a food that can't be uniformly heated, you won't get the same result. Sort of like putting a chicken in a 700 degree oven instead of 350 and expecting to cook it twice as fast. Microwaves penetrate more and heat water and fats, so not a perfect analogy. | [
"Under ideal circumstances, yes. For instance, the 1000W microwave will heat a cup of water roughly twice as fast. However, if the food is frozen and must be defrosted first, you would likely want to run the higher power microwave at a reduced power setting to allow the food to defrost first. Otherwise, you can ... | 4 | [
"Same amount of energy applied, but if it's a food that can't be uniformly heated, you won't get the same result. Sort of like putting a chicken in a 700 degree oven instead of 350 and expecting to cook it twice as fast. Microwaves penetrate more and heat water and fats, so not a perfect analogy. "
] | 1 | <P> This was one early method used to generate microwave frequencies of moderate power, 1–2 GHz at 1–5 watts, from about 20 watts at a frequency of 3–400 MHz before adequate transistors had been developed to operate at this higher frequency. This technique is still used to generate much higher frequencies, in the 100 ... | question: is 1 minute in a 500watt microwave the same as 30 seconds in a 1000watt microwave? context: <P> This was one early method used to generate microwave frequencies of moderate power, 1–2 GHz at 1–5 watts, from about 20 watts at a frequency of 3–400 MHz before adequate transistors had been developed to operate a... | answer: Same amount of energy applied, but if it's a food that can't be uniformly heated, you won't get the same result. Sort of like putting a chicken in a 700 degree oven instead of 350 and expecting to cook it twice as fast. Microwaves penetrate more and heat water and fats, so not a perfect analogy. |
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