I-Ultrasonically Phromotha Enzymatic Plastic Recycling - Hielscher Ultrasound TechnologyI-Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ingumthombo omkhulu wokungcola ophuma kakhulu uvela kumanzi asetshenzisiwe namabhodlela esiphuzo. Kuze kube muva nje, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kwe-PET kuholele kumapulasitiki asezingeni eliphansi. I-enzyme entsha mutant ithembisa ukonakaliswa kwe-PET ezintweni ezingavuthiwe eziphakeme, ezingasetshenziselwa amapulasitiki amasha aphezulu. Ama-enzymes anyuswe nge-Ultrasonically akhombisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, kusheshisa ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-enzymatic kwamapulasitiki nokukhulisa inqubo yamakhono.I-Ultrasonication ye-Enzymatic Plastic RecyclingUkuqina okukhulu, i-low-frequency ultrasonication yaziwa kakhulu ngemiphumela yayo ekuphenduleni kwe-enzymatic. I-Sonication ingasetjenziselwa zombili, ukwenziwa kwe-activation kanye nokusebenza kwama-enzyme. Ukulawulwa kwe-sonication elisezingeni eliphansi kuya eliphakathi kusebenze ama-enzymes futhi kugqugquzela ukudluliselwa kwesisindo phakathi kwama-enzyme ne-substrate, okuphumela emsebenzini owandayo wokuqinisa ama-enzyme.I-Sonication ishintsha izici ze-enzyme ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaza umsebenzi we-enzyme. I-Ultrasonic substrate pretreatment isheshisa ukusabela kwe-enzymatic.Ukuxuba kwe-Ultrasonic kukhuthaze ukudluliselwa kwesisindo phakathi kwama-enzyme ne-substrate epulasitiki, ukuze i-enzyme ingangena futhi ichaze ukuncibilika kokuncibilika kwe-PET ye-crystalline kakhulu. Njengobuchwepheshe obusebenza futhi obusebenza kalula, i-sonication isiza ukwenza kabusha i-PET ingabizi kakhulu futhi ibe nemvelo kalula.Ukusakazeka kwe-Ultrasonic kwe-Enzyme ne-SubstrateAma-shear kanye nama-micro-turbuleette akhiqizwe yi-Ultrason ayaziwa ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu uma kukhulunywa ngezicelo zokusabalalisa. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-enzyme okubangelwa yi-enzyme kanye ne-substrate agglomerates kuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-enzymatic catalytic kusukela ukwehlukana kwama-molecule nama-agglomerates kukhulisa indawo esebenzayo yendawo phakathi kwama-enzyme ne-substrate yokusabela.I-UIP4000hdT, iprosesa enamandla angama-4000 wattsI-Ultrasonically Phakanyisiwe ye-Cutinase EnzymeI-Sonication ikhombisile imiphumela emihle kusebenze kwe-enzyme utinase Thc_Cut1 maqondana nomsebenzi wayo wePET hydrolysis. Ukuwohloka kwe-enzymatic okuthuthukisiwe kwe-PET kuholele ekwenyukeni kwama-6,6 kwemikhiqizo yokudiliza ekhishwe ngokuqhathaniswa ne-PET engakaze ihlolwe. Ukwanda kwephesenti le-crystalline (28%) ku-PET powder namafilimu kuholele ezithelweni eziphansi ze-hydrolysis, ezingase zihambisane nokutholwa komhlaba okuncishisiwe. (cf. Nikolaivits et al. 2018)Imiphumela ye-Ultrasonic ekuphatheni kwe-Enzymatic:kuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-enzymekusheshisa ukusabela kwe-enzymekuholela ekuphenduleni okupheleleMayelana ne-Enzymatic Plastic RecyclingI-hydrolyse enzyme leaf-branch compost cutinase (LLC) yenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi isika izibopho phakathi kwamabhuloki wokwakha amabili we-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), terephthalate ne-ethylene glycol. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwe-enzyme ngokuphelele nokuzwela kwayo ukushisa kuyizici zokunciphisa umthelela, ezinciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kakhulu. I-compost cutinase enzyme yamaqabunga iqala ukuwohloka ku-65 ° C, ngenkathi izinqubo zokucekelwa phansi kwePET zidinga amazinga okushisa angama-72 ° C noma ngaphezulu, izinga lokushisa lapho i-PET iqala ukuncibilika. I-Molten PET ibalulekile inqubo ngoba ukuncibilika kunikezela indawo ephezulu lapho i-enzyme ingasebenza khona.Abaphenyi kabusha basebenzise kabusha i-enzyme yemvelo yamagatsha-yegatsha futhi bashintsha ama-amino acid ezindaweni zabo ezibophayo. Lokhu kuholele ekuhlanganisweni kwe-enzyme ekhombisa umsebenzi okhuphuke ngezikhathi ezingama-10,000 ekwephuleni amabhondi e-PET (ngokuqhathaniswa ne-enzyme yomdabu ye-LLC) kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuthuthuke kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-enzyme entsha yama-mutant ayiphuli ngo-72 ° C, izinga lokushisa lapho i-PET iqala ukuncibilika.Ukuhlakazeka kwe-Ultrasonic kanye nokwenza kusebenze komhlaba kukhuthaza ukusabela okuqhutshwa yi-enzymatic. Amapharamitha we-sonication acacisiwe njenge-amplitude ye-ultrasonic, isikhathi, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kungenziwa ngokuqondile kuhlobo lwe-enzyme ukwandisa umsebenzi wayo wokuvuselela. Amapharamitha wokucubungula we-Ultrasonic nemiphumela yawo kuma-enzyme ancike kuhlobo oluthile lwe-enzyme, ukwakheka kwayo kwe-amino acid kanye nesakhiwo sokuhlangana. Ngaleyo ndlela, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-enzyme lunezimo zenqubo ephezulu lapho kusebenze khona ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-enzyme.Izinzuzo ze-Ultrasonicationukudluliswa kwamandla amaningiKhuphula izinga njaloUkwanda kokusebenza kahleNgokweqile kufanele uhlangane nendawo emnandi yama-enzymeUkuhlolwa kwengoziKuyalingana ngokuqondileKuphephile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisaUkugcinwa okuphansiIthangi nge-8kW ultrasonicators (4x I-UIP2000hdT) kanye ne-agitatorOkuphezulu- Okwenziwayo kwe-Ultrasonic processors ze-Enzymatic ReactionI-Hielscher Ultrasonics inesipiliyoni eside ekubumbeni, Ekhiqizweni nasisabalaliseni abasebenza kakhulu be-ultrasonicators bezicelo zamandla kwelebhu nomkhakha. Ulwazi lwethu nesipiliyoni ekucutshungulweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-ultrasonic kuyingxenye yokunikeza esikuhlinzeka amakhasimende ethu.Siqondisa amakhasimende ethu ekubonisaneni kokuqala kokuhlola okungenzeka bese senza inqubo yokufaka ukufakwa kokugcina kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lwakho lwe-ultrasonic.Amadivaysi ethu e-ultrasonic aqondakala kahle avumela ukuthonya umsebenzi we-enzyme, i-kinetics, izakhiwo ze-thermodynamic kanye nokushisa kokushisa.Iphothifoliyo yethu yonjiniyela abanamandla nabanokwethenjelwa be-ultrasonic bahlanganisa uhla oluphelele kusuka kudivayisi ye-compact ebanjwe ngesandla yelebhu kuya kubacubunguli be-bench-top nabasebenza ngokugcwele kwezimboni. Ukusuka kuma-watts angama-200 kuya phezulu, wonke amadivaysi e-ultrasonic afakwe isibonisi sokuthinta sedijithali, isoftware ehlakaniphile, isilawuli kude sesiphequluli kanye ne-automatic protocolling yedatha ekhadini le-SD elihlanganisiwe. Imodi yokujikeleza kwe-sonication ejwayelekile (Imodi yokudonsa) ivumela ukusetha nokulawula ukubonakaliswa kwe-enzyme (isikhathi nesikhathi sokuphumula) ekwelashweni kwe-ultrasonic. Ukuba namandla kwemishini yokusebenza kwe-Hielscher sika-Hielscher kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-24/7 emsebenzini osindayo nasezindaweni ezifunwayo.Ultrasonic Pectin Extraction kusuka kwiZithelo ne-Bio-WasteUkuhlukaniselana Kwezintathu Zama-Ultrasonically EnhancedAmandla we-Acoustic Cavitation ForcesImvamisa ephansi, i-high-intensity ultrasonication (ngu-20 – I-50kHz) ibangela i-acoustic / i-ultrasonic cavitation ekhiqiza imiphumela ebonakalayo yomzimba, yokwenza izinto nezamakhemikhali. Imiphumela ye-acoustic cavitation ingabhekwa njengokwakheka, ukukhula kanye nokuwohloka okuhambisana nodlame kwamabhamu we-vacuum wemizuzu, okuvela ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwengcindezi yamagagasi e-ultrasound ahlanganiswe noketshezi. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwamabhamuza we-cavitation, kutholakala izindawo ezishisayo, ezibekelwe indawo encane nesikhathi esifushane. Lezo ezenzeka endaweni eshisayo zibonisa ukushisa okukhulu okungu-5000 K, ingcindezi efinyelela kubha le-1200, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokwehluka kwengcindezi okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwama-millisecond. Amaconsi nezinhlayiya zewuketshezi kusheshiswa emgudwini we-liquid onamacala afinyelela ku-208m / s.Ukwelashwa kwe-Ultrasonic kwama-enzyme kususelwa ku-acoustic cavitation kanye ne-hydrodynamic shear force yayo
