I-Ultrasonic Solvent-Free Garlic Extraction - I-Hielscher Ultrasound TechnologyI-Garlic (Allium sativum) inothile ngama-organosulfur compounds (isib. Allicin, glutathione), ezikhuthaza izinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Ukukhishwa kwe-Ultrasonic kuyindlela ethembekile futhi ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza okukhishwe kakhulu kwegalikhi. I-Ultrasonication iphumela ezithelweni eziphakeme zekhwalithi ephezulu, okukhishwa okugcwele okubanzi kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokukhishwa.Isimiso esisebenzayo sokukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic (okwaziwa nangokuthi yi-sono-isizinda) kususelwa kumcimbi we-acoustic cavitation. I-cavitation eyenziwe nge-ultrasonically idala amabutho aphezulu e-shear, ama-tur-turbulefere amancane, ama-jets ewuketshezi, nokuvalelwa endaweni yangakini, izinga lokushisa ngokweqile nokuhluka kwengcindezi. Imiphumela yemishini yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-ultrasound iphazamisa izindonga zeseli, igqugquzela ukungena kwe-solvent ngaphakathi kweseli futhi ikhulise ukudluliselwa kwesisindo. Njengenqubo yokukhipha isithako engasishisi, i-sonication ivimbela ukonakaliswa okushisayo kwezingxube ze-bioactive. Amapharamitha wenqubo we-Ultrasonic angafakwa ngokuqondile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe nasezintweni eziqondiwe, ukuze ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yokukhipha iqinisekiswe.I-Ullicasonic Isuselwa ku-Allicin ExtractionI-Allicin yi-molecule enkulu kakhulu ye-thiosulfinate etholakala kukhiphe ugarliki. I-Allicin ifaka ama-anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, anti-cancer kanye nemiphumela ye-hypoglycemic futhi yaziwa nangokuthi isekela impilo ye-nenhliziyo namasosha omzimba. Imisebenzi yamakhemikhali kaGarlic ihlobene kakhulu nokushintshaniswa kokushintshaniswa kwe-thiol-disulphide namaprotheni aqukethe i-thiol.Ukuze kukhiqizwe izithasiselo zegalikhi ezigxile kakhulu ezinamakhompiyutha amaningi e-organosulfur, isizinda se-ultrasonic siyindlela ethembekile futhi ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa ama-thiols nezinye izinto eziphilayo ku -galikhi. I-Sonication ikhipha ama-thiols angaphakathi kwamaseli wegalikhi futhi inika amandla wokukhipha ukukhishwa okugcwele kwegalikhi biomolecule. Ngokukhishwa kwegalikhi kwegalikhi, amanzi angasetjenziswa njenge-solvent, okungeyona into enobuthi, engabizi futhi enobungane bemvelo.Isigaba esiguqukayo se-clove yegalikhi ngaphambi nangemva kwe-sonicationukutadisha nezithombe zikaBose et al. 2014I-Ultrasonic Allicin Extraction ProtocolArzanlou et al. (2010) bika ukukhishwa kwe-allicin kusuka kuma-clove wegalikhi kusetshenziswa amanzi njenge-solvent. Babesebenzisa ama-clove egalikhi angama-20g. Baqobise u-macerated ugarlic emanzini ayi-600mL wamanzi ayi-5 min, besebenzisa iHielscher UP200S (Ama-200watts) ngamamitha ayi-100. Kwakusetshenziswa ukugeza kweqhwa ukuhlanza ukushisa. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic, i -lic mash yacindezelwa ngokusebenzisa i-cheesecloth eyisihlanu. Ukumiswa kudluliselwe kwishubhu engu-50mL kwathi isentimitha yafika ku-1258g ku-4ºC imizuzu engama-20 ukuhlukanisa imfucumfucu esele esele. Isiphamandla sidluliselwe kwishubhu elinyumba le-50mL futhi labekwa uphawu ukuze ligcinwe.U-Ismail et al. (2014) bika ukukhishwa okusebenzayo kwe-ultrasonic kwe-cysteine yesibabule equkethe ama-biomolecule kanye ne-glutathione kusuka kuma-garlic bulbs. Basebenzise isizinda esisetshenziswa ngamanzi se-ultrasonic ukukhipha ama-thiols kuma-bulbs wegalikhi besebenzisa a UP100H kuzilungiselelo ze-amplitude eziyi-100. Bathole ukuthi iningi lamagalikhi egalofu lalingu-10% (w / v) esikhumbeni esivulekile se-beaker. Ukuphindaphindwa kwama-thiols kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ka-Ellman yokucabanga. Bathole isivuno esikhipha ama-thiols angama-0.170mM. Abaphenyi baphetha ngokuthi isizinda esisebenzisa amanzi e-ultrasonic siyindlela elula, ephephile futhi engabizi yokuhlukanisa izithambiso kugalikhi.UBose et al. (2014) siqhathanisa isizinda se-ultrasonic probe-hlobo ne-maceration yendabuko, ukugeza kwe-sonication kanye nokukhishwa kwe-microwave. Imiphumela yakhombisa ukuthi isizinda se-Ultrown probe-hlobo sinikeze kakhulu i-allicin.Izinzuzo ze-Ultrasonic Garlic ExtractionIzinhlelo zokukhishwa kwe-Hielscher Ultrasonics 'zisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele embonini yokudla neyama-pharma ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiso okwenziwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zokudla, izithasiselo zokudla nezokwelapha. Kakhulu umgomo wakho ukukhiqiza amabhlana amancanyana wemidwebo yegalikhi noma ukucubungula inani elikhulu lezinto eziphezulu ezisetshenziswayo ze-botanical, i-Hielscher Ultrasonics inesitholi esifanele se-ultrasonic.Izinzuzo Zokuncintisana nge-Ultrasonic ExtractionIzinzuzo ezinkulu zokukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic zezakhi ezihlanganisiwe zezinto ezenziwe nge-botanical ezifana negalikhi zifaka isizinda esincishisiwe futhi sisebenza isikhathi eside, ubungane bayo bemvelo ngenxa yokukhishwa okususelwa emanzini noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-solvent okuncishisiwe kanye ne-CO encane engathandekiyo.2ukuphuma, inani eliphansi lamandla asetshenzisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okulula nokuphephile kwezinhlelo ze-ultrasonic.Izithasiselo, ezisetshenziswa ekudleni noma ekhemisi, kufanele zikhiqizwe ngokuya nge-Okuhle Ukukhiqiza Izinto (i-GMP) nangaphansi kokucaciswa kokusebenza okuhlelekile. Izinhlelo ze-Hielscher Ultrasonics 'zokukhishwa kwedijithali ziza ne-software ehlakaniphile, eyenza kube lula ukusetha nokulawula inqubo ye-sonication ngokunembile. Ukuqoshwa kwedatha ye-othomathikhi kubhala yonke imingcele yenqubo ye-ultrasonic efana namandla e-ultrasound (inani eliphelele namandla e-net), amplitude, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi (lapho izinzwa ze-temp kanye nezingcindezi zifakwa) ngedethi nesikhathi nesikhathi esakhelwe ku-SD-khadi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyekeze kabusha inkatho ngayinye eyenziwe ngobunyoninco. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqinisekiswa kabusha kwekhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo kuyaqinisekiswa. Ukuba namandla kwemishini yokusebenza kwe-Hielscher sika-Hielscher kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-24/7 emsebenzini osindayo nasezindaweni ezifunwayo.I-Garlic nezinzuzo zayo ZezempiloU-Garlic ucebile ngama-molekyuli we-bio, anikeza i-potency yayo njengesitshalo sokwelapha kanye nesengezo sokudla. Izakhi ezingama-200 ezahlukahlukene zinomthelela emiphumeleni eminingi yezempilo enempilo yegalikhi. Ama-clove ama-Garlic anokuqukethwe okuphakeme ngokweqile kwe-organosulfur compounds, njenge-alliin, i-allicin ne-γ-glutamylcysteine compounds njenge-γ-glutamyl-S-allylcysteine, γ-glutamyl-S-trans-1-propenylcysteine. I-Garlic iqukethe isibabule okungenani amahlandla amane kunezinye imifino ecebile yesibabule njenge-anyanisi, i-broccoli, nekholifulawa. Lezo zinhlanganisela eziqukethe isibabule zinikeza u-garlic nephunga lawo elizwakalayo nokunambitheka.Ama-biomolecule aqukethe i-Sulphur abizwa ngokuthi ama-sulphhydryl compounds futhi angamalungu eqembu lama thiols. Zitholakala kuzo zonke izicubu namaseli womzimba womuntu futhi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuphendukeni okuningi okubalulekile kwe-biochemical. I-cysteine ne-glutathione (GHS) zingama-thiols amabili abalulekile ku -galikhi. ICysteine iyi-amino acid equkethe i-sulfure equkethe iqembu elisebenza ngamakhemikhali. I-Glutathione (GHS), i-tripeptide equkethe ama-amino acid glutamate, i-cysteine ne-glycine, iyisicubu samangqamuzana amancane sulfhydryl aphansi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. I-Glutathione isebenza njenge-super-antioxidant futhi inomsebenzi obalulekile emzimbeni womuntu (isib. Amasosha omzimba).I-Allicin ingelinye lama-biomolecule abaluleke kakhulu kugalikhi abonisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene ekhuthaza impilo. I-Allicin ayikho ku-clove yegalikhi engaqondile, kepha iyahlanganiswa, lapho ugalikhi usikiwe noma uchotshoziwe. Ngo-maceration izicubu zegalikhi, i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-alliinase icushiwe. I-Allinase iqala ukuguqulwa kwe-amino acid alliin ibe yi-allicin namanye ama-allylthiosulfinates. Ukwakhiwa kwe-allicin inqubo esheshayo, eqeda ukwenziwa ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa ngemuva kokuchoboza isibani segalikhi esisha.
