Emakhulwini okuqala esikhathi sethu, iWagadu, umbuso omncane owawuphakathi kweSenegal neNiger, emthonjeni wegolide, futhi obuswa yiqembu likaCisse Tounkara wagcina ukubusa wonke amaSoninkés, abantu babalimi .Inkosi yasekela amandla ayo ekukhulekelweni kukaWagadu-Bida, unkulunkulu wenyoka. Wayephethe igama elithi "Kaya-Magan" noma "inkosi yegolide".Izinkinga zefa zazingaziwa ngoba isiko ngokuzenzakalelayo sabekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi indodana endala yedade osekhulile wenkosi.Umbusi weWagadu wemukele abathengisi abangamaSulumane abafike ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye kule ndawo ababeyibize ngokuthi iGhana (igama lesihloko amakhosi ayephethe elisho "induna yempi").Ubavumele ukuthi bahlale eduze kwenhloko-dolobha yakhe, uKoumbi Saleh, ukushintshana ngemikhiqizo yabo ngegolide, kodwa ngaphansi kokubhekwa okuhle, ngoba wagcina imfihlo yalomsuka walezi zinto eziyigugu.I-Wagadu iphetha ekubuseni iSigodi saseSenegal neningi leNiger Delta yangaphakathi.Kwakungaphakathi kwalo mbuso obabeke kakhulu lapho izinqaba zokuqala zabathengisi nezingcweti zavela.Ukusuka enhlokodolobha yakhe, lo mbusi ubusa phezu kombuso ohlukaniswe izifundazwe kanye nemibuso nebutho elinamadoda angama-200. Ababusi, amakhosi, ongqongqoshe bayamsiza ukuthi abuse abantu bakhe abakha izigaba ezintathu zenhlalo: izicukuthwane (abathengisi, abalimi, abezokulwa ...), abesilisa abasebenza ngezingcweti (ababazi bezandla, abaseshi ...) kanye nezigqila (iziboshwa ...).Kususelwa emnothweni othuthuke kakhulu: Ezolimo ziyachuma eningizimu, imfuyo eNyakatho; ukuhweba, ikakhulukazi i-trans-Saharan, kuyachuma (igolide, isikhumba, okusanhlamvu, izigqila, njll.); izimayini zegolide nezensimbi azibonakali; ezokuthutha ziyakhiwa.I-opulence yalo mbuso we-animism idonsela izifiso zomakhelwane bayo abangamaSulumane. Ukusuka ku-1042, amaBerber aguqulwa abe yi-Islam, ama-Almoravid, aqala ukunqoba iWagadu. Idolobha lase-Audagost lathathwa ngonyaka we-1057, kwathi iKoumbi Saleh kwathi ngonyaka we-1076 kodwa yaqala kabusha ngo-1087.Kodwa-ke, i-Wagadu ibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi iqala ukwehla kwayo kancane kancane ngokuthunjwa okuqhubekayo.Amanani embuso ayizondelelo kumaSulumane, abekwa ngamandla, athutha aye eningizimu noma eMpumalanga. Isizwe siyabuswa futhi amabutho aso akanamandla. Ngakho-ke, imibuso efana naleyo yaseMali noma iDiara ithatha inkululeko yokuziqhela embusweni ozoba umbuso omncane.Ngasikhathi sinye, yini eyayenza ukuchuma kwayo (ukuhweba, ukuzalanisa, ezolimo, izimayini) kungahlelekile. Ezinye izifundazwe eziphansi zisebenzisela lokhu ukuthuthukisa lokhu. Omunye wabo, iSosso yeSoumaoro Kante enkulu, yaze yathatha izintambo zakwaWagadu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.I-Vitamin B17: ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo komdlavuzaKwakungubani uNat Turner, isigqila esasihola uguquko eMelika ngo-1831?
