Amakhowe | Umlimi wasemadlelweni we-intanethi | April 2020Isigaba AmakhoweIndlela yokomisa amakhowe ama-oyster: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo ngezithombeAma-mushroom e-oyster ayinhlobo ewusizo futhi engabizi kakhulu yama-mushroom, angasetshenziswa emashalofini. Kulabo abafuna ukuzimela ngokuzimela amakhowe ama-oyster ngendlela efomile yokugcina isikhathi eside, sizokutshela ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani ngendlela efanele, ukuze ukunambitheka kwabo kungakudumazi esikhathini esizayo. Kungenzeka yini ukomile amakhowe amakhoster? Kuneziqondiso ezanele ezinyathelo ngezinyathelo kwi-intanethi ukuthi ungomisa kanjani amakhowe, amakhowe amhlophe kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe, kodwa kunolwazi oluncane mayelana nama-oyster amakhowe, ngoba lo mkhiqizo awuthandwa kakhulu ekomiswe.Umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe adlekayo namanga, ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwe-foam mosam kusuka kumakhowe avamileAmakhowe ama-honey anqotshwa njengenye yamakhowe agaric adume kakhulu. Yiqiniso, efomini noma efakwe efriji, zingathengwa kalula esitolo, kepha i-mushroom ekhulile ezimweni zokufakelwa ayinalo ukunambitheka okufanayo nephunga elifanayo nehlathi elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuqonda kahle ukuthi yiziphi amakhowe okufanele aziqoqe futhi azidle ngaphandle kokufaka ukuphila kwawo engozini.Izinhlobo ze-honey agedics ezingenakulinganiswa, usizo lokuqala uma kunobuthi obuhlungu ngamapungusheInyosi yama-mushroom agaric ithandwa yibo bonke. Izinhlobo ezichazwe ezincwadini nase-Inthanethi zihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingu-22 zazo, nakuba ngokuvamile kuvunywa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingu-34 ze-agaric. Lawa amakhowe akhula cishe unyaka wonke. Ziyakhula emithonjeni yemithi, zikhule emindenini ezikhunjini, ikakhulukazi zibolile.Izakhiwo eziwusizo neziyingozi zamakhowe amakhoweAma-Real Milts (Lactarius resimus) - amakhowe amakhowe angama-lacquers akhula ngamaqembu. Babizwa nangokuthi okuluhlaza, okumhlophe, i-pravskie noma okumanzi. Khula ikakhulukazi eduze kwezihlahla ze-birch, ukwakha i-mycorrhiza - uma i-mycelium i-fungus ikhona ezimpandeni zomuthi. Isikhumba se-fungus ngumthunzi omhlophe, ophuzi ophuzi, omanzi, ogcwele umsizi, ogcwele izindawo ezigxile kuzo.Cep - izinhloboIgama le-mushroom elimhlophe litholakala kusukela endulo. Khona-ke abantu ikakhulukazi amakhowe omisiwe. I-pulp ye-fungus emhlophe yayihlala imhlophe ngokugcwele ngemuva kokumiswa noma ukwelashwa okushisa. Lesi yisizathu salolu gama. I-fungus emhlophe ingokwesihlobo sama-Boletus, ngakho-ke igama lesibili le-fungus elimhlophe yi-boletus. Kubalulekile! Emva kokuqoqa amakhowe, kudingekile ukuba uqale ukuwacubungula, ngoba amakhowe amhlophe alahlekelwa izinto zawo ngokushesha kakhulu.Indlela yokuvuna amakhowe ebisi ebusika: ukomisa, u-salting, ukuqhwazaUkunambitheka okushisayo nokwehliswa kwesiphuzo sobisi kubangela izinkinga eziningi kubamakekazi ekhishini, ikakhulukazi lapho belungiselela ubusika. Ngifuna ukuqeda ukufutheka okubangelwa ubisi olubi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo balondoloze ubunzima babo bokuqala. Naphezu kwalezi zakhiwo eziphikisanayo zamakhowe, zathola indawo yazo ezitsheni eziningi.I-Boletus Mushroom: incazelo, izinhlobo, umehlukoEmahlathini okuthiwa yi-coniferous namaxube, ungathola ama-mushroom, okuvame ukukhula eduze kwe-moss, ngakho-ke igama elithi flyworm. Ungamhlangabeza kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zayo zibhekwa njengezidliwayo, kodwa zingadideka nge-flywheel yamanga - i-parasitic. Lokhu kuzoba isihloko sethu, okungukuthi, indlela yokuhlukanisa i-flywheel yangempela kusuka enobuthi nokuthi ingaba edlayo noma cha.Ukufunda izindlela zokutshala amakhoweUma ufuna ukukhulisa ama-mushroom ekhaya, udinga ukuzibuza kuqala imibuzo: uyini futhi unayo ngani? Emva kwakho konke, ukuze unikeze isidlo esiphundu somndeni, amabhokisi ambalwa esiteji esingaphansi noma emibhedeni yasensimu ayokwanela. Kodwa uma unquma ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu, awudingi kuphela izakhiwo ezinkulu, ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi nemishini, imishini, izindleko ezinkulu kanye nezisebenzi, kanye nolwazi.Izinhlobo zamafutha nezici zazoNgisho nomuntu onamahlumela amakhowe ongenalwazi akahlanganisi nanamakhowe ezinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba igama lawo likhuluma ngokwalo: wonke amakhowe alezi zinhlobo anezikhumba. Ama-mushroom ama-Boletus angaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingu-40 ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, isikhunta esibulalayo somndeni waseBolettov kuthiwa yi-buzzers. Ngokuyinhloko zikhula emahlathini ahlambulukile, axutshwe nama-pine, kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zitholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, ezibhekene nesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngisho nase-Afrika nase-Australia.Incazelo yezinhlobo ze-moorheadsIgama elithi "gruzd" ekuhunyushweni elisuka eSlavonic Church lisho "inqwaba". Akumangalisi ukuthi banalo lelo gama. Ezikhathini zasendulo eRussia, abaqoqi be-mushroom baqoqa amakolishi abo futhi bawasawosa emigodini. Zonke izinhlobo zezintambo zihlanganisa izici ezivamile: izindandatho ezigxile kwi-cap ziyabonakala futhi isimo siyashintsha ngokukhula kwe-fungus - okokuqala i-convex bese ihlotshiswe ngamapulangwe emaphethelweni aphansi.Izindlela zokuvuna amafutha ebusika ekhayaMaslata - amakhowe athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi be-mushroom kanye nabalandeli balo mkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka nezindlela zokulungiselela. Futhi umsikazi ngamunye angaziqhayisa, iresiphi ngayinye. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvuna amafutha ebusika. Ukumisa amafutha Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvuna amakhowe ebusika isomisa, okungenakonakalisa izimfanelo zokudla okunomsoco nokunambitheka komkhiqizo.Incazelo yengulube yama-mushroom nesithombeSekuyiminyaka abantu beqoqa izingulube futhi bayabathanda ngokuthanda kwabo okulula futhi kulula ukulungiselela. Abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho bafakazela ukuthi lezi amakhowe ziphephile ngokuphelele, kwanele ukuba zibilise futhi zihlukane ngaphambi kokupheka. Ngokuphambene nalesi sitatimende, kunombono mayelana nengozi nobuhlungu balezi zipho zehlathi.Kungenzeka yini ukuba udle amakhowe amnyama ubisi: ukuhlukanisa kanjani amakhowe wangempela kusuka kumangaAmakhowe omunwe amakhowe athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmets. Ihlathi, lapho kukhona khona ubisi amakhowe, kuyinto yokuthola kwangempela abaqoqi be-mushroom. Naphezu kokuthandwa kwabo, amaGordians afihla amehlo abantu futhi afihle ngaphansi kwamahlamvu eduze neziqu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngokufuna lezi zinhlobo ze-mycobionts, kungcono ukuthatha induku nawe ukuze kuhlolwe zonke izindawo lapho amakhowe amakhowe angakhula khona.Izinhlobo zezingulube nezici zazoI-mushroom svinushka ithandwa kakhulu futhi iyaziwa kakhulu kubaqashi be-mushroom abanolwazi. Kubonakala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwamanye amakhowe futhi kuhlwanyela kakhulu kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Uyazi? Ngokusho incazelo yangaphandle, amakhowe e-svinushka afana nendlebe yengulube. Lokhu kufana kubonakala kuma-caps akhulayo e-fungus. Isizathu salokhu kwakuwumlenze, ohlanganisiwe hhayi phakathi kwekhanda le-fungus, kodwa ushiye indawo.Ubuchwepheshe be-Mycelium yokukhiqiza (mycelium): indlela yokukhulisa i-mycelium ekhayaNgesikhathi sokuqala sifunda ukuthi i-mycelium ikuphi ekilasini yezinto ze-biology, kodwa abaningi abaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuyikhula nokuthi kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Kulesi sihloko sizobuka indlela yokukhulisa i-mycelium ye-fungus, imininingwane yokukhula kwe-mycelium, futhi okokuqala sizobuka ukuthi kuyini. Iyini i-mycelium nokuthi kungani ikhula. Ngokuvamile i-mycelium ibizwa nangokuthi i-mycelium, ake sibone ukuthi iyini.Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wamakhowe angaphezulu nawashi?Ngokuvamile amakhowe adliwayo afana nalawo anobuthi, futhi kungaba nzima ukuwahlukanisa ngisho nasesikhumini se-mushroom esimnandi. Isibonelo, i-morels inezinombolo ezifana nemigqa, futhi zivame ukudideka, ukuqoqa ekhishini elilodwa. Sizokukhuluma ngokungafani kwama-morels nemigqa kulesi sihloko. Okujwayelekile okujwayelekile: incazelo Morel (lat.Abameleli abavamile bezinyoni ze-aspen ngencazeloHlanganisa amakhowe - uhlobo lwamakhowe ezidliwayo enomlenze okhuni kanye ne-cap encane. Laba abamele izilwane zasendle bakhula emahlathini ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho inhlobo yale fungus enobuthi, abantu abambalwa abahlukanisa phakathi kwabo. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-aspen kanye nokuthi iziphi izici zazo.Izici kanye namathiphu ama-mushroom amakhoweAmakhowe akheniwe ebusika ekhaya ... Kunezindlela zokupheka ezingaphezu kokwenza lokhu. Futhi ngokukhumbula okukodwa kwalokhu okuthakazelisayo okuphefumulayo, yonke i-gourmet igeleza ematheni. Ngemuva kwalokho, isidlo esinjalo sizokwenza ngokufanelekile ukuhlanganisa nokuhlukanisa imenyu kwanoma imuphi umkhosi.Yeka ukuthi ungafinyeleli kanjani emabhokisini amanga: uhlu lwamakhowe angenakulungiswaI-Boletus noma i-bolt sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziswe ekudleni. Kuneziyobisi ezidliwayo, ezidliwayo futhi ezingenakudliwa. Lo mndeni wamakhowe ungenye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zabameleli abadliwayo - i-mushroom emhlophe. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi i-cep ibukeka kanjani, indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakhowe ama-boletus angenakutholakala futhi asemthethweni, yiziphi izinhlobo ze-boleta.Ukuqandisa amakhowe ebusika ekhayaIngxenye yesibili yehlobo - yisikhathi sokugcwalisa amasheya ebusika. Sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna, ukucubungula nokugcina imifino. Amajikijolo namaqabunga amaningi, ngaphandle kwamathini, athunyelwa efrijini - ukulondolozwa okungcono kwamavithamini. Kodwa kukhona olunye uhlobo lwezinkamba eziningi abesimamekazi abazenzayo, okungukuthi iqhwa lama-mushroom aqoqwe noma athengwe ebusika, futhi le nqubo kufanele ibhekwe ngokuningiliziwe.Izici zokutshala i-tarragon - ukutshala kuphi esiteshini nasekhaya, indlela yokukhetha inhlabathi?Ama-mushroom e-Greenfinch: incazelo, ukunambitha, zokuphekaUkupheka ukhula izithombo zika utamatisi. Yini okumele ifakwe ngaphambi nangemva kokukhethwa?
