Imivimbo yokuhlola "i-Bioscan": umgomo wokusebenza > Ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukelaUcwaningo lwelabhoratri luyimpumelelo enkulu kusayensi, kufaka phakathi umuthi. Isikhathi eside, bekubonakala sengathi ayikho enye indawo yokuvela ngokuqhubekayo. Bese kufike iphepha lesikhombisi. Ukukhiqizwa kwemichilo yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwaqala cishe eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule e-United States. Inani elikhulu labantu abanezifo ezahlukahlukene, lokhu kusungulwa kwakubaluleke kakhulu."I-Chemical Dry" ne "Bioscan"Igazi, umchamo kanye namathe amuntu kuqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali. Imvamisa imvelo kakhulu, kepha futhi ayijwayelekile emzimbeni - ngokwesibonelo, uma uphuza utshwala noma ubuthi bamakhemikhali.Inkampani iBioscan ibekwe njengomkhiqizi okhiye wemicu ehlukahlukene yokuhlola. Iningi lokukhiqiza ligxile ekuhlolweni komchamo.Ukusebenza kwamachashazi enkomba kusekelwe kumgomo we "chemistry owomile". Ngamafuphi, lokhu kusho ukucwaninga kokwakhiwa kwento ngaphandle kokukubeka kunoma yiziphi izixazululo. Indlela enjalo ayivumeli nje kuphela ukuhlunga kuzo zonke izakhi, kepha futhi ikhombisa ukuthi kungakanani okuqukethe.Ngakho-ke imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan isiza ukuhlola ngokushesha umchamo wegazi lemilingo, namathe ngamazinga otshwala. Lokhu kungenziwa ngochwepheshe kwizindawo zokuhlinza izingane noma nganoma ubani ngokwakhe.Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, inkampani inikeza izivivinyo ezithile ezikhethekile.I-GlucosuriaUmuntu ophilile une-zero glucose cishe kumchamo. Izinga le-glucose liyinkomba ephambili yenkambo yesifo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungukuphulwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-metabolism okucasulayo lesi sifo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulinganisa izinga lakho loshukela ekhaya.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-glucometer, kepha lokhu kudinga ukuthathwa ngomunwe ukuthatha igazi. Kulokhu, ukuhlaziya umchamo kulula ukwenza.Amazinga anda ngesifo sikashukela nezinye izifo zezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-glucosuria ngaphambili kwengxenye yehora ngemuva kokuxineka ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, ngoba ihambisana nokukhipha ushukela emzimbeni. Kunconywe ukuthi ungazidli izidakamizwa nge-ascorbic acid amahora ayishumi noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkomba zingahle ziguqulwe.Lapho uhlaziya umucu wesikhombisi we- “Bioscan”, udinga ukucwilisa umhloli kumchamo okwesibili, uwususe bese ulinda imizuzu emibili. Elebula lephakeji, okufundwayo kunqunywa ngasikhathi sinye ezilinganisweni eziningana (ngokwesibonelo, ngamaphesenti nangama-moles amancane ilitha ngalinye).Indlala kushukela - ingabe ukwelashwa okunjalo kwamukelekile?Ungayenza kanjani imijovo ye-insulin? Yini isenzo se-algorithm?Umelaphi weBeetle nezakhiwo zayo. Funda kabanzi mayelana nekhambi lezimanga kule ndima.Imichilo yokuhlola i-Bioscan Glucose, ama-100 ama-pcs / packImigqa yenkomba ye-BIOSKAN®-Glucose ihloselwe ukuhlaziya okucacile kwe-glucose kumchamo womuntu. Ububanzi bokugxila okugxilwe ku-glucose kumchamo ngu-0,05-1.0%. Isikali sombala kwilebula siqukethe imibala yezinkundla ezinhlanu ehambelana nokugxila kwe-glucose kwe-0.05.05.0.1.0.3 ne-1.0%. Ukuzwela kokuzimisela kwe-glucose ngu-0,05% (ohambelana nokuqukethwe kwe-glucose engu-50 mg / 100 ml, 0.5 g / l noma u-2.8 mmol / l). Isikhathi sokuhlaziya yimizuzu emi-2. Imichilo iqondene noshukela. Into yenkomba iqukethe i-glucose oxidase ne-peroxidase enzymes, kanye nohlelo lwe-chromogenic, olunika amandla eglucose lapho wenza imikhiqizo eluhlaza. Ukuba khona kanye kanyekanye emchameni ongaphansi kwe-0.5% ushukela nokugxila okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid (uvithamini C), ukuwohloka kombala wento yezinzwa kungenzeka, okungaholela emiphumeleni engabukeki phansi yokuhlaziywa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlaziya kumele kuphindwe ngomchamo oqoqwe okungenani amahora angama-10 ngemuva kokudla kokugcina kweziguli ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-ascorbic acid. Lapho umchamo uqukethe ushukela ongu-0,5% noma ngaphezulu, ubukhona obufana kanyekanye emchameni wokugxila okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid (kufika ku-50 mg / 100 ml) ayihlanekezeli imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.Yini umucu wokuhlola umchamo?Imichilo yokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kokuhlaziywa komchamo ivezwa yi-reagents eyodwa noma eziningi zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziselwa ukucwaninga ezindaweni zokucwaninga zokwelapha Zisetshenziselwa isisekelo sephepha lepulasitiki noma eliminyene, ubukhulu bawo bube ngamasentimitha ayishumi nesithathu ngobukhulu obungamamilimitha amahlanu.I-reagent iyinkomba yokuhlola, ekwazi ukuguqula umthunzi wayo, ngokuxhumana nezakhi ezikhona emthanjeni wezinto eziphilayo.Isikhombi se-reagent sikhethiwe kucatshangelwa ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-pathology okufanele lubonwe. Kunemichilo esebenzise i-reagent eyodwa kuphela. Babizwa ngokuthi inkomba eyodwa, ungabheka izinga lokuqukethwe kwento eyodwa kuphela.Kukhona imichilo yokuhlola enesilinganiso esiphelele sama-reagents ahlukile aklanyelwe ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi yinkomba enhlobonhlobo.Ikhithi yokuhlola ifaka:ishubhu lezinto zepulasitiki ezingabamba imichilo engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuye kwelilikhulu namashumi amahlanu,Imiyalo enemininingwane yokusetshenziswa,into ye-sorbent edonsa umswakama ngokweqile,ibhokisi lekhadibhodiisikali esinezimibala ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, ngosizo lapho izinkomba zokuhlaziywa komchamo zihunyushwa. Ezimweni eziningi, isikali esinjalo sisetshenziswa ngaphezulu kweshubhu.Igazi emchameniIsizweli segazi elisebenzayo emgodleni we-Bioscan Penta strip test likuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma ukwenqabe ukuba khona kwegazi elise mchini.Leli qiniso elilandelayo kufanele licatshangelwe: Ukuhlaziywa komchamo onemichilo yokuhlola akuvezi igazi ngokwalo, kodwa-ke (intact ngenxa ye-hemolysis) amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ne-hemoglobin yamahhala (okuwumphumela we-cell hemolysis ebomvu). Ukuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-hematuria.IHematuria yigama lezokwelapha elisho ukuba khona kwegazi kumchamo ngokweqile kwamanani akwenza okujwayelekile ngokomzimba. IHematuria ihambisana nokuvela komchamo wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi angakanani ngaphezu kwama-microliter (kumuntu ophile kahle, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emchameni akhona ngamanani omkhondo) kanye ne-hemoglobin yamahhala (kumuntu ophile kahle akukho hemoglobin emchameni).Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kumchamo kuyithuluzi elebhu elizimele elikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-hematuria kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomchamo kungenye yezinzwa ezinhlanu ku-Bioscan Penta strip test. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kanyekanye ngamapharamitha amahlanu kuvumela isiguli ukuthola umbono ophelele wesimo somzimba, umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi ngaphandle kwezindleko ezingezekile.Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, i-hematuria ivela eminyakeni eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngemuva kokubonakaliswa (ukubonakaliswa kokuqala) kwalesi sifo, kuwuphawu lokuhluleka kwezinso ngenxa yokufayiliswa isikhathi eside yizinso zegazi ezinokuqukethwe okukhulu kweglucose. Umngane ojwayelekile wesifo sikashukela yi-acetone emchameni.Umchamo AcetoneInzwa ye-acetone kumchamo we-Bioscan Penta strip test ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphike iqiniso lokuba khona kwe-acetone emchameni, ukuhlola ubukhulu be-acetonuria.I-Acetone (imizimba ye-ketone, ama-ketones, i-KET, "i-ket") ingumkhiqizo we-metabolic owakha esibindini ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kweglucose. Uma isilinganiso sokwakheka kwe-acetone seqa isilinganiso sokusebenzisa kwayo, umonakalo we-acetone onke amaseli omzimba, ngokuyinhloko amaseli obuchopho.I-acetonuria kwisifo sikashukela kuwuphawu lokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini (ketoacidosis).I-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela luhlobo lwe-metabolic acidosis ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kokuphazamiseka emzimbeni kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ekhona emzimbeni.I-acetone emchameni ezimweni eziningiezimile ezinganeni nabesifazane abakhulelwe. Izimbangela zokubonakala kwezidumbu ze-ketone emchameni wala maqembu zihluke kakhulu, kepha zixhunywe yisici esivamile sokuvusa - ukungondleki. I-acetone kumchamo ezinganeni imvamisile uphawu lwe-uric acid diathesis.I-Uric acid diathesis (neuro-arthritic diathesis) yisimo somzimba esibonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. I-acid ye-diathesis ye-acid ibonwa, njengomthetho, ezinganeni, ngenxa yezici zofuzo (zofuzo), ezivame ukuhambisana nokukhubazeka kokudla, ukwanda kwenjabulo nokwenzeka ngokomzwelo, umkhuba we-ketoacidosis (ukwanda kokuqina kwemizimba ye-ketone egazini).Ithuluzi elilula nelingabizi kakhulu lokuthola i-uric acid diathesis ukuhlolwa kwe-acetone.Ukuhlolwa kwe-acetone (imichilo ye-keto) iyithuluzi elimele elebhu elikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-acetonuria kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urine acetone kungenye yezinzwa ezinhlanu ze-Bioscan Penta strip test. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngasikhathi sinye ngamapharamitha amahlanu kuvumela isiguli ukuthola isithombe esibanzi sesimo somzimba ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe, okubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sihlala sihambisana ne-hyperglycemia (i-glucose ephakeme), esibonakaliswa ngokwanda kwe-glucose kumchamo.Ushukela we-UrinaryInzwa ye-glucose kumchamo we-Bioscan Penta strip test ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphike iqiniso lokuba khona kwe-glucose kumchamo, ukuhlola ubukhulu be-glucosuria.I-glucose (ushukela) ingukudla okune-carbohydrate ezithweni eziningi zezitho nezitho zomzimba, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla wokuhlinzeka nge-carbohydrate metabolism. Bangaphezu kwama-50% amandla asetshenziswa ngumzimba womuntu akhiqizwa yi-oxidation ye-glucose ekhiqizwa kusuka kwesitashi ne-sucrose yokudla ne-glycogen egcinwe esibindini. I-carbohydrate nayo yakhiwa ngokuphendula okuvela kusuka kuma-amino acid, lactate. I-glucose ihanjiswa ngegazi, yona, ehlungiwe yizinhlaka zezinso ezinomkhawulo wezinso (amandla amakhulu wokuhlunga). Lapho umkhawulo wezinso we-glucose udluliwe, kuvela umchamo.I-glucose kumchamo (i-glycosuria glucosuria) ingumphumela wokuphazamiseka okwenzeka emzimbeni, ezinso, ikakhulukazi okuhambisana nokuvela kweglucose emchameni.Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-glucosuria: isifo sikashukela esibolile kanye nomsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle.I-glucose kumchamo, okungeyona eyokubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela, esivame ukubangelwa izifo zezinso, kungaholela ekuphepheni ukopha, ngoba kuphakamisa ukumbumbuluzwa kwamanzi kumchamo.Chofoza bese wabelana nge-athikili nabangane bakho:Izinso ezinempilo ziyakwazi ukubuyela egazini lonke inani likashukela (ushukela) oludluliselwe ku-renal glomerulus. Umchamo ojwayelekile womuntu ophilile ayiqukethe i-glucose, ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ukugxilwa kwayo kungasho lutho (0,06 - 0,083 mmol / l) lapho wenza izivivinyo ezisezingeni lomchamo (ukuhlaziya kwe-biochemical, ukuhlaziya jikelele), le carbohydrate akatholakali. Iglucose emchameni njalo ubufakazi bokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni komzimba (umsebenzi we-renal okhubazekile, endaweni yokuqala), bungabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-glucosuria.Ukuhlolwa kwe-glucosuria kuyithuluzi elimele elebhu elikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-glucosuria kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-urch glucosuria kungenye yezinzwa ezinhlanu ze-Bioscan Penta strip test. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngasikhathi sinye ngamapharamitha amahlanu kuvumela isiguli ukuthola isithombe esiphelele sesimo somzimba ngaphandle kwezindleko ezingeziwe, ukukhomba, kufaka ne-glucosuria, ukuhlola isilinganiso sayo.I-Glucosuria ngobuningi bamacalakuwuphawu lwe-mellitus ebunjiwe yesifo sikashukela, okuwuphawu lomtholampilo oluwukukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi.I-glucose yegazi (glycemia) ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezilawulwa zomzimba womuntu (i-homeostasis), elawulwa izinqubo eziningana zomzimba.Izinga le-glycemia lingancipha ngenxa ye-catabolism (ikakhulukazi ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukuzivocavoca komzimba, ukucindezela), futhi kukhuphuke ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwe-carbohydrate yokugaya kalula, eminye imikhiqizo yokudla, efana nama-starches (polysaccharides). Ukwanda kwe-glycemia ngokumelene nesizinda se-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kuyinto yendalo.Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isifo sikashukela siyiqembu lezifo ze-endocrine ezikhula njengomphumela we-jamaa (DM 2) noma ngokuphelele (DM 1) ukuntuleka kwe-insulin hormone Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibonisa inkambo engapheli kanye nokwephulwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism: amaminerali, usawoti wamanzi, i-carbohydrate, amafutha, iprotheni.Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kanye nokuqapha inkambo yesifo, asisetshenziswa kuphela imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta, kubalulekile futhi ukwenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo igazi: ushukela wegazi osheshayo (njengomthetho, kuhlolwa kwenziwa ekhaya, kusetshenziswa i-glucometer ekuhlolweni kwegazi) kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwelebhu, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose test (ukuhlolwa kweglucose), ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbI-A1c) nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile (ukubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe aphansi kukhombisa ukungalingani kwe-thyroid).Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo sikashukela yi-diabetesic nephropathy (ukulimala kwezinso ezinso, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwekhono lazo lokusebenza), okuthi ezigabeni zakamuva kubonakale ngokubonakala kwamaprotheni emchameni.Amaprotheni emchameniInzwa yeprotheni ephelele kumchamo we-Bioscan Penta strip test ikuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise noma uphike iqiniso lokuba khona kwamaprotheni kumchamo, ukuhlola ubukhulu be-proteinuria.Amaprotheni emchameni (i-proteinuria) - ama-protein (ama-protein) ama-proteinin womchamo, odlula amanani ajwayelekile (40-80 mg / ngosuku). Amaprotheni emchameni uwuphawu lomtholampilo nolwebhu lwasifo sezinso.Ekuphumuleni, kumuntu ophile kahle, akunamaprotheni omchamo, engxenyeni yasekuseni okuqukethwe akumele kudlule ku-0,033 g / l. Izimbangela ze-proteinuria kungaba ukulimala kwemishini yezinso, i-chemotherapy, ukushiswa. Amaprotheni emchameni, ovame ukubangelwa izifo zezifo zomgudu womchamo (ukuvuvukala kwesinye, ama-ureters, i-prostate gland) kutholwa ukuhlolwa kwe-proteinuria.Ukuhlolwa kwe-proteinuria kuyithuluzi elimele elebhu elikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ubukhulu be-proteinuria kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-proteinuria kungenye yezinkomba ezinhlanu zemigqa yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngasikhathi sinye ngamapharamitha amahlanu kuvumela isiguli ukuthola umbono ophelele wesimo somzimba ngaphandle kwezindleko ezingezekile, ukukhomba, kufaka phakathi, umsebenzi wezinso ongonakele.Eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yezinso ukugcina i-acid-base (acid-base) equilibrium (pH).I-Urine Acidity (pH)Inzwa ye-umchamo acidity (pH) ye-Bioscan Penta strip test ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ibhalansi yama-asidi nama-alkali.I-Urine acidity iyinkomba ye-hydrogen ekhombisa inani le-hydrogen ions kumchamo womuntu. Ukunqunywa kwe-acidity yomchamo (ukutadisha ngezakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo) kubhekisa kuhlu lwezifundo eziyimpoqo ekuhlaziyeni komchamo. Izinkomba ze-urine acidity zibalulekile ekuhloleni isimo somzimba jikelele, ukuthola izifo.Izinso zinesibopho sokugcina i-acid-base esele (pH) emzimbeni womuntu. Izinto ezivezwa yilesi sitho ngomchamo zinesici esisodwa se-acid-base (izakhiwo). Lapho umchamo uphethwe yizinto ezibonisa izakhiwo eziyisisekelo (i-alkaline), umchamo kufanele ubhekwe njenge-alkali (pH mkhulu kune-7). Lapho umchamo uphethwe yizinto ezibonisa izindawo ezinomzimba, umchamo kufanele ubhekwe njenge-acidic (pH ngaphansi kuka-7). E-acid-base (acid-base) equilibrium (ibhalansi), umchamo uzoba ne-acidity engathathi hlangothi (pH = 7).Ukunquma ubungako bomchamo, ungathenga isivivinyo esikhethekile se-pH.Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthenga isivivinyo se-pH, kufanele ukhumbule: lokhu kuhlola kuyithuluzi elimele elebhu, ngokuthenga lapho isiguli sikwazi ukubona ukuphambuka kokujwayelekile kwe-acid-base esele. Njengengxenye ye-Bioscan Penta strip test, ukuhlolwa kwe-urine pH kungenye yezinkomba ezinhlanu ezivumela, ngaphandle kwenkokhelo eyengeziwe, ukukhomba umsebenzi we-renal ongasebenzi kahle, kufaka phakathi.Noma imuphi umsebenzi we-renal ophazamisekile uhlala uholela ekushintsheni kwebhalansi ye-acid.Ngakho-ke, ithuluzi elilula kakhulu, elingabizi futhi elikhona emhlabeni jikelele lokuthola ukuphambuka ezimfanelweni zomchamo, ofakaza ikakhulukazi ekubonakalisweni kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma umsebenzi wezinso ongasebenzi kahle, umucu wokubonisa inkomba we-Bioscan Penta.Imivimbo yokuvivinyaUmugqa obonakalayo wokuhlolwa kwemizwa we-Bioscan Penta iyi-reagent ebilungiselelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ebekwe endaweni engaphansi eyenziwe ngepulasitiki engenabuthi, enobubanzi obungu-5 nobude bamamilimitha angama-70. Imivimbo yokuhlolwa kwenzwa yenzelwe ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo komchamo ekhaya, ukusetshenziswa kwayo asikho isidingo sokuba namakhono akhethekile ezokwelapha nolwazi.Enye yezinzwa ezinhlanu ze-Bioscan Penta strip test strip zisebenzisa umthetho wayo wokunquma impahla eyodwa noma enye yomchamo:Impendulo yokuzwa igazi lomlingo emchameni Imichilo yokuhlola isuselwa emandleni we-hemoglobin wokubopha isilinganiselo se-oxidation yesikhombi yi-organic hydroperoxide equkethwe endaweni yenkomba. Inzwa yegazi efihliwe ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuthembekile izinga le-hematuria ebangeni kusuka kumaseli abomvu egazi ayisi-5 kuya kwangama-250 (amaseli abomvu egazi), ukusuka kumamiligramigrams angama-0 kuye kwangama-0,75 nge-decilita ngayinye (ye-hemoglobin yamahhala),Inzwa ivuliwe umchamo we-acetone Imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta iqukethe i-sodium nitroprusside, enombala ngesikhathi sokuphendula kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kombala obomvu (burgundy). Inzwa ye-acetone ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuthembekile izinga le-acetonuria ebangeni elisuka ku-0 iye ku-10 wamamilimitha ngelitha ngalinye / ama-milligram angama-156 nge-desilita ngayinye,Imisipha yokuhlola inzwa iBioscan Penta ivuliwe glucose womchamoaqukethe i-glucose oxidase ne-peroxidase, ephendula nge-glucose, inombala kusuka kokuluhlaza (endaweni ephansi) kuya ku-brown (ekugxilweni okukhulu), ikuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukubona ngesilinganiso seglucosuria ebangeni ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-1000 wamamayela nge-desilita / 10 amagremu,Impendulo yesendlalelo sesikhombi ku- inani lamaprotheni omchamo Imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta isuselwa kunqubo yezinkomba ze-pH zamakhemikhali: ukwahlukaniswa njalo kanye nokushintsha kombala ngokuya nge-concentration (kusixazululo se-buffer nge-pH = 3.5, i-tetrabromphenol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yakha indawo enemibala enamaprotheni). Isikhombisi somucu wokuvivinya sizwela i-albhamuin ekuqoqweni okungu-0,06 g / l. Umbala wesikhombi uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi (ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni) kuya kokuphuzi noma okuluhlaza okotshani. Inzwa ikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuthembekile izinga le-proteinuria ebangeni ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-5.0 amagremu ngelitha / 500 milligrams nge-desilita ngayinye,I-asidi ye-alkali (pH) inzwa yomugqa wokuhlola iqukethe inhlanganisela yezinkomba ezimbili (i-methyl red ne-bromothymol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), evumela ngokuthembekile ukunquma i-pH yomchamo ebangeni ukusuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-9.0.Ukuzimisela okulungile kokudonswa kwesikhombisi sokubonakalayo se-Pentoscopes Bioscans ukulungisa iqiniso lokugcina inzwa. Ukunqunywa kwesilinganiso sobungako kwenziwa lapho kubhalwa imiphumela, kufaka phakathi ukuthola inkomba ethile ngokufaka ngaphezulu (ukuqhathanisa) ukufakwa kwemibala kwesizisi se-strip test ngesikali sombala (itafula) kufakwa ku-Bioscan Penta tube.Emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa okutholwe umucu wokuhlola weBioscan Penta, kungenzeka Izici ezilandelayo zithonya:I-Acetone kumchamo - ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngokuya nge-sulfophthalein kanye ne-phenolphthalein endaweni ye-alkaline kungaveza inzwa yomugqa wokuhlola ngombala obomvu-i-violet,Inani lamaprotheni omchamo - unamanga wamanga imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-strip test ingatholakala ngokuhlaziya umchamo nge-pH engaphezu kwe-8, ezigulini ezidla izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-quinoline ne-quinine,Igazi elifihliwe emchanjeni - i-microbial peroxidase ehlotshaniswa nokutheleleka kwethamo lomchamo kungaholela unamanga wamanga umphumelaImiphumela engalungile lapho usebenzisa umucu wokuhlola ungahle uholele esitsheni sokuqoqa umchamo esihlanzekile esingenayo imidwebo yama-disinfectants (ekhishini yokuwasha) ngokususelwa ku-Quaternary ammonium,Ukuba khona komkhondo we-anionic noma i-nonion ionic kungaholela ukungamanga okungamanga imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okutholwe umucu wokuvivinya umucu wokuhlola we-Bioscan Penta,Ukuzwela kwesibonakaliso somugqa wokuhlola we-Bioscan Penta kuthintwa ubumbano lwesihlobo (amandla athile adonsela phansi) omchamo kanye / noma ukuba khona kwe-inhibitors yemvelaphi ye-pharmacological.Ukwanda kobunzima bomchamo obungahle bungaba ngokungaqondile khombisa ukuba khona kwamaprotheni kumchamo (0,4 g / l wamaprotheni akhulisa ubungako bomchamo ngo-0,004). Kukhona imichilo yokuhlola umchamo equkethe inkomba ehlukile yobugovu obuthile. Intengo yemichilo yokuhlola umchamo ngezinkomba ezifanayo iphakeme impela; ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuxilongeni i-proteinuria akunangqondo.Ngokusho kwe- "All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities, Products and Services" (OKDP), imidwebo yokuhlola yokuchama yomchamo weBioscan Penta inikezwe ikhodi 2429422 - "Complex diagnidic reagents". Izinkampani ezibandakanyeka lapho kudayiswa imichilo yokuhlola zinikezwa ikhodi yezibalo OKVED 51.46.1 (Isitolo sempahla yezemithi nezokwelapha).Imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta, ngokuya nge "Nomenclature ngezigaba zamadivaysi ezokwelashwa ngamakilasi, ngokuya ngengozi engasetshenziswa", angamalungu eklasi 2a (amadivaysi ezokwelapha anesilinganiso sobungozi).Enye indlela yemichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan ukuhlolwa komchamo okujwayelekile.I-Urinalysis (OAM, ukuhlaziya umchamo ngomtholampilo) kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlolwa kwelebhu yomchamo okwenziwa ngenhloso yokuxilonga. Inzuzo ye-urinalysis ejwayelekile ngaphezulu kwezimpawu zokuhlola izinkomba akuyona nje ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu zomchamo nezinto eziphilayo eziphathelene nomchamo, kodwa futhi nemicroscopy yedimentiment (kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu).Lapho wenza ukuhlaziya okujwayelekile, njengomthetho, kusetshenziswa umchamo wansuku zonke.Umchamo wansuku zonke konke umchamo ukhishwe emzimbeni phakathi nosuku (amahora angama-24). Umchamo wansuku zonke, ngokungafani nomchamo wasekuseni owodwa osetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa imichilo yokuhlola, uyinto efundisayo kakhulu yokucwaninga.Ukuzihlonza ngemichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta, ngilandela yonke imiyalo, akuyona indawo yokuhlola okujwayelekile kwesimo sempilo ngudokotela ofanelekile wezokwelapha, udokotela.Imfundiso Bioscan PentaUkufunda le miyalo yokusebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta akumkhululi ogulayo ekutadisheni "Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwemikhomba yenkomba yokuhlola okuphelele komchamo i-Bioscan Penta"ibekwe kushubhu.Lapho usebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ebonakalayo yeBioscan Penta, akufanele uthinte into yezinzwa, kufanele ulandele imithetho ejwayelekile yenhlanzeko.Ukuzimisela kwe-glucose kumchamo kumele kwenziwe ekushiseni kuka +10 kuya ku- +30 ° C.Imicu yokuhlola imizwa ekhishwe kwi-tube kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziywa kungakapheli imizuzu engama-60.I-strip ye-Test Bioscan Penta yenzelwe ukuhlaziywa okukodwa. Ngemuva kokukhishwa kushubhu, umucu wokuhlola kufanele usetshenziswe kungakapheli amahora angama-24.Ukuhlaziywa, kufanele usebenzise amaqoqana asanda kuqoqwa (hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-2), hhayi amamitha ayi-2, angaxubeki kahle, umchamo obekwe emgqonyeni oyinyumba. Ngokuma isikhathi eside, izinga le-pH lomchamo ligudlulela ohlangothini lwe-acid, okungaholela emiphumeleni yamanga.Imiphumela ehlaziya kakhulu izotholakala ezifundweni. ekuseni umchamo. Umthamo ophansi odingekayo kulokhu kuhlaziya ngamamilimitha ayi-5- 10.Lapho ukhetha inani eliphansi lomchamo ocwaningweni kufanele unake inani lezinto zesikhombisi ezitholakala ngokulingana ngaphezulu kwamamilimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu wesigamu esingezansi. Uma ngabe kunomchamo onganele, nazo zonke izinkomba zigxile ngokuphelele kusampula yokuhlola, i-substrate yepulasitiki izogobeka ngokuqinile, okungaholela ekutholakaleni kwezinzwa ngazinye. Ngakho-ke, umucu wokuhlola weBioscan Penta kufanele ucwiliswe kungaba ngevolumu eyanele yomchamo, noma kufanele kusetshenziswe i-laborator beaker (ishubhu lokuhlola).Lapho usuqede yonke imiyalo yokulungiselela, kufanele uqhubeke nokuhlaziywa:Vula ishubhu (icala lepensela) ngemicu yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta, susa imichilo, bese uvala ngokushesha ishubhu ngesivimbo,Imizuzwana engu-1-2, gxilisa ingxenye yomucu wokuhlola onezimpawu zesibonakaliso kumchamo ukuze zonke izinzwa ezinhlanu zifihlwe ngokuphelele kumchamo,Ngemuva kokukhishwa, susa uketshezi ngokweqile ngokuthepha emaphethelweni odongeni lwesiqukathi noma ngokuthinta izinto zenkomba ephepheni lokuhlunga elihlanzekile,Ukuqonda ukuhlaziya umchamo kufanele kwenziwe imizuzwana eyi-10-120 ngemuva kokususa umucu wokuhlola kumchamo, qhathanisa umbala wezinto zenzwa nesikali sombala (ithebula) elibekwe kwishubhu.Isikhathi sokuphendula kwezinkomba siyehluka:Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-urine pH (acidity) izokwaziwa ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10,Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe protein ephelele negazi lemimoya izokwaziwa ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-60,Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-glucose ne-acetone izokwaziwa ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-120.Isikali sombala seBioscan Penta imicu yokuhlola yochungechunge oluhlukile ingahluka ngokugcwaliswa kombala. Lapho uqhathanisa inzwa nesikali sombala, sebenzisa isikali se-tube lapho umucu wokuhlola ususwe khona.Ithonya lezidakamizwa ngazinye, amanye ama-metabolites emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa alibonakali njalo. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, engahambelani nesithombe somtholampilo walesi sifo noma esibonakala singathandeki, kufanele ihlolwe ngenye indlela yokuxilonga. Ukuhlaziywa kufanele kuphindwe ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa.Ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwezakhiwo zemichilo yokuhlola, engahle iholele emiphumeleni yokuhlaziya engathembekile, imithetho yokubeka emiswe ngumakhi kufanele ibonwe.Ukugcinwa kwemichilo yokuhlola i-Bioscan PentaImicu yokuhlolwa kwe-Bioscan Penta kufanele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa +2 kuya ku-30 ​​° C, endaweni eyomile engenakufinyeleleka ezinganeni, ngaphandle kokususa i-desiccant kusuka lid. Indawo yokubekisa kumele ivikeleke ngokuthembekile emthanjeni wama-soltiv e-organic, ama-asidi, ama-alkali kanye nomswakama ophezulu kulo lonke usuku lokuphela. Impilo yamashalofu yemichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta yiminyaka emi-2 kusukela isikhathi sokukhululwa. Ngemuva kokuvulwa kokuqala kwe-tube, imichilo kufanele isetshenziswe ezinyangeni ezinhlanu.Imichilo engasetshenziswanga kufanele ichithwe ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe.Uma usebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta esibhedlela, imichilo esetshenzisiwe kufanele ibhekwe njengento ethelelekile, ukugcinwa kwamahhala kwayo akwamukeleki. Imichilo yokuhlola esetshenzisiwe kufanele ichithwe ngokuya ngemiyalo ye-nosocomial.Isikali sombala esibekwe ku-Pentoscopic Bioscan tube kufanele sivikeleke elangeni eliqondile ukulivikela lingapheli.Izidumbu zeKetoneNgaphansi kwaleli gama, izinhlanganisela ezintathu ezikhiqizwa esibindini zihlanganiswe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:i-acetonei-beta-oximebasedi-acetoacetic acid.Ama-ketones akhiwa emzimbeni ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-glycogen kusuka ezicutshini ze-adipose. Isibonelo, uma umuntu engadlanga ngesikhathi, umzimba wakhe awunandawo yokuthatha amandla, ngoba izitolo ze-glycogen esibindini ziyaphela. Futhi-ke ukushiswa kwezindawo ezinamafutha kuqala. Yingakho ukudla okuhlukahlukene okukhona yindlala kuthandwa kakhulu ngama-dieters, yize kunemiphumela emibi eminingi.Imvamisa, ama-ketones akhona emzimbeni ngamanani angenakulungiswa. Ngeke futhi anqunywe ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zaselebhu. Ngakho-ke, i-ketonuria ihlala i-pathology.Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-ketone iyingozi kakhulu. Ukuqoqwa kwalezi zihlanganisi kungafinyelela izinga lobuthi bangempela. Bese kuba nethambo. Kaningi lesi simo senzeka ngohlobo lwesifo sokuqala, kepha kwesibili asikhishwa. Isibonelo, umuntu angavele ahlaselwe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo II isikhathi eside, kodwa angazi ngakho ngaphambi kokuqala kokhokho - enye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu.Isibonakaliso sesifo sikashukela esingabhalisiwe ingukuqukethwe okufana kanyekanye komchamo womzimba weglucose nomzimba we-ketone.Akukenzeki ukuthi i-Bioscan ikhiqize izinkomba ngqo kwabanesifo sikashukela abahlaziya zombili lezi zinto zomchamo. Kepha ungaphenya ngokuhlukile. Lapho ulungisa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, kuhlaziywa ama-ketones noshukela kufanele kwenziwe njalo emahoreni amane kuze kube nokuzethemba okugcwele kokujwayelekile kwesimo sesiguli.Njengokuhlaziywa kwe-glucose, ukuthola izidumbu ze-ketone, umucu womzuzwana ucwiliswa umchamo, futhi umphumela udinga ukulinda imizuzu emibili.Izici eziwusizo zesinamoni - ungasisebenzisa kanjani izinongo emithini?Aspartame noma sucrose? Yini ezuzisa kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela nomuntu ojwayelekile?Imifantu ezithendeni. Kungani kufanele besabe nokuthi kufanele babhekane kanjani nabo?Kuzodingeka umzuzu owodwa kuphela ukuthola okuqukethwe namaprotheni omchamo kanye nomucu wokuhlola we-BioscanKumuntu onesifo sikashukela, lokhu kubalulekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinso empeleni zikhathala iminyaka ethile ukupompa uketshezi olunokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi. Kancane kancane, bathinteka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ezihlanganiswa ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile elithi "isifo sikashukela nephropathy." Okokuqala, amaprotheni e-albhamuin "asayinisa" izinso esigabeni sokuqala. Lapho nje okuqukethwe kwayo kukhuphuka, yisikhathi sokuhlolisisa izinso.Ukuhlola umchamo wamaprotheni kangaki - kumele anqume. Ngokulashwa okufanele nokudla okuhle, ama-pathologies aqhamuka ezinso avela kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi. Ngesimo sokungakhathali ngokugula kwakhe kanye / noma ukwelashwa okungalungile - ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okuvinjelwe kwenziwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuxilonga okukodwa akuyaleli ngenye indlela. Kepha ungakwazi ukuqapha ngokuzimela ubukhona / ukungabikho kwamaprotheni emchameni usebenzisa imishayo yenkomba.Imichilo yenzelwe ukuhlaziya okusheshayo komchamo, hhayi ekhaya kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusebenzisa abahlaziyi abasiza ekuboneni izici zezinto eziphilayo.Ukuchazwa kwesikhombisi sekhwalithi kusho ukukhonjwa kwengxenye ethile eqinisekisa ukuba khona kwengqondo ethile. Izinguquko emthunzini wenkomba zingasho ukuthi kukhona i-metabolite futhi kubhekisele kokusabela okuhle. Isikhombi sobungako obuphakathi singena ekunqumeni umthamo wezinto ezifakiwe ezikhonjwe ngeso lengqondo lizinga lemibala lezinto ezisebenzayo.Sebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ukuhlela ukulawula kwesifo sesifo esibonwe ngaphambili nokubona ububi obusha be-pathological. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:i-glucosaria yabesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa,izifo ezithathelwanayo ku-urethra,izilonda ezingatheleleki ezithinta umchamo izindlela,ukwakheka kwe-calculi.Igazi, umchamo kanye namathe amuntu kuqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali. Imvamisa imvelo, kepha futhi ayijwayelekile emzimbeni - ngokwesibonelo, uma uphuza utshwala noma ubuthi bamakhemikhali.Ngakho-ke imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan isiza ukubheka umchamo wegazi ngokushesha, namathe ngamazinga otshwala. Lokhu kungenziwa ngochwepheshe kwizindawo zokuhlinza izingane noma nganoma ubani ngokwakhe.Isikali Sombala we-PentoscopeIzinga lemibala (itafula) legazi le-Bioscan Penta liqukethe imikhakha emibili (eyokuqala yokusabela ngaphandle kwe-hemolysis, enamaphuzu amancane, owesibili wokuphendula nge-hemolysis, enemibala ngokulinganayo). Umkhakha ngamunye uqukethe amanani amane ahambelana nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi ku-1 μl / hemoglobin yamahhala ku-1 mg nge-100 μl: 0 (negative), 5-10 (0.015), 50 (0.15), 250 (0.75).Analogs of Bioscan PentaImikhiqizo elandelayo yezokwelapha i-analogues (umqondomqondo) we-Bioscan Pent wokunqunywa kokuqina kanye nobungako bezinto zomchamo.I-Analogue ye-Bioscan Penta kuzinkomba ezinhlanu:I-Pentafan / Pentafan Laura - Imizila yokuhlola esebenza e-Europe evela e-Erba Lahema, eCzech Republic,Isi-Uripolian - imichilo evela kwi-Biosensor AN enezinkomba eziyishumi ezivumela ukuhlaziywa komchamo ngokwezimpawu ezilandelayo - ushukela, imizimba ye-ketone, igazi le-latent (i-erythrocyte, i-hemoglobin), i-bilirubin, i-urobilinogen, i-density (amandla athile adonsela phansi), amaseli amhlophe egazi, i-ascorbic acid, iprotein ephelele (i-albhamu ne ama-globulins) ne-acidity (pH).I-Bioscan Penta analogue ezinkomba ezimbili (ushukela kanye ne-acetone kumchamo):I-Ketoglyuk-1 (Ketoglyuk-1 No. 50) evela enkampanini yaseRussia i-Biosensor AN.I-analogue ezinkombeni ezimbili (amaprotheni aphelele kanye ne-acidity (pH) yomchamo):I-Albufan (Albufan No. 50, AlbuPhan) - Imichilo yokuhlola yaseYurophu evela e-Erba Lahema, eCzech Republic.I-Analogue Bioscan Penta ngokuya nge-pH (ukusabela, i-acidity) yomchamo:I-Uri pH (i-Uri pH No. 50) Imichilo yokuhlola okubonakalayo yenkomba yaseRussia evela enkampanini iBiosensor AN,Bioscan pH (Bioscan pH No. 50 / No. 100) - Imichilo yaseRussia evela kumkhiqizi ofanayo.I-Analogue Bioscan Penta ngokuya nge "protein ephelele yomchamo" (proteinuria):I-Uribel (i-Uribel No. 50) - Imichilo yokuhlola okubonakalayo yenkomba yaseRussia evela enkampanini iBiosensor AN, Russia,I-Bioscan Belok (i-Bioscan Belok No. 50 / No. 100) - imichilo evela eBioscans,I-analogue ngokuya nge "glucose kumchamo" (glucosuria):I-Bioscan Glucose (i-Bioscan Glucose No. 50 / No. 100) - Imigwaqo yokuhlola inkomba yokuhlola yaseRussia imichilo evela kuma-Bioscans,I-Glukofan (Glukofan No. 50, GlukoPhan) - imicu yesilinganiso sokuhlolwa komkhiqizo waseYurophu wase-Erba Lahema, eCzech Republic,I-Urigluk (Urigluk No. 50) - imichilo evela enkampanini yaseRussia i-Biosensor AN.I-Analogue ye-Bioscan Penta ngokuya nge- "acetone in urine" (acetonuria):I-Bioscan Ketones (i-Bioscan Ketones engu-50 / Cha. 100) - Imichilo yokuhlola izinkomba zokubonisa isiRashiya,Imigqa yokuhlolwa kwezinkomba kaKetofan (uKetofan No. 50, KetoPhan) womkhiqizo waseYurophu wase-Erba Lahema, eCzech Republic,I-Uriket-1 (Uriket-1 No. 50) imichilo evela enkampanini yaseRussia i-Biosensor AN.I-analogue ngokulandela "igazi lokuchama kumchamo" (hematuria):Imichilo yokuhlolwa kweHemofan (Hemofan No. 50, HemoPhan) - Imichilo yomchamo waseYurophu evela e-Erba Lahema, eCzech Republic,Imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta yenzelwe ukuthola, phakathi kokunye, ukugxila okuphakeme kwe-glucose kumchamo. Enye indlela yokuxilonga ukukala ushukela egazini. Le ndlela inembile futhi iyafundisa, kepha kudingeka igazi eliphelele ukuze lihlaziywe.Kunezinkomba ezilandelayo zeBioscan Penta, imichilo yegazi yokuhlola ushukela engadingi ukusetshenziswa kwe-glucometer:IBetachek (iBetachek No. 50, imichilo yokuhlola ebonakalayo yeBetachek) - imichilo yokuhlola ebonakalayo evela ku-NDP (e-Australia), ihlukaniswa ngentengo yayo ephezulu kanye nokunemba okukhethekile kokulinganisa i-glycemia,Ishadi (Ishadi # 50) - imichilo yenkomba evela ku-Biosensor AN, eRussia.Amanani alezi zinsimbi ehlukile akhuphuke kancane.Intengo ye-Bioscan PentaIntengo yemizila yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta yokunquma izakhiwo zomchamo yizinkomba ezinhlanu ayifaki izindleko zokulethwa uma imichilo ithengwa ekhemisi online. Amanani angahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngendawo oyithengile.Izindleko eziqikelelwe ze-Bioscan Penta:I-Russia (iMoscow, iSt. Petersburg) isuka kuma-ruble ama-Russia angama-285 kuya kwangama-340,I-Ukraine (i-Kiev, i-Kharkov) isuka ku-94 iye ku-082 h Hessnias wase-Ukraine,IKazakhstan (i-Almaty, Temirtau) kusuka ngo-1342 kuya ku-1601 Kazakhstani tenge,I-Belarus (Minsk, iGomel) kusuka kuma-ruble angama-74,955 kuya kuma-89,420 ama-ruble aseBelarusian,IMoldova (Chisinau) isuka ku-80 iye ku-95 Moldovan Lei,I-Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek, Osh) kusuka ku-311 kuya ku-371 Kyrgyz soms,I-Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Samarkand) kusuka ku-11052 kuya ku-13185 izipho ze-Uzbek,IAzerbaijan (Baku, Ganja) kusuka ku-4.2 kuye ku-5.1 manats ase-Azerbaijani,I-Armenia (Yerevan, Gyumri) kusuka ngo-1958 kuya ku-2336 amadrama ase-Armenia,IGeorgia (Tbilisi, Batumi) kusuka ku-9.7 kuye ku-11.6 Georgia waseGeorgia Lari,I-Tajikistan (Dushanbe, Khujand) kusuka ngo-26.8 kuya ku-32.0 Tajik somoni,ITurkmenistan (Ashgabat, Turkmenabat) kusuka ku-13.8 kuya ku-16.4 manat Turkmen amasha.Thenga imichilo yokuhlola i-Bioscan PentaUngathenga imicu yokuhlola yeBioscan Penta yokuhlaziywa komchamo izinkomba ezinhlanu ekhemisi usebenzisa insiza yemithi yokubhuka, kufaka phakathi. Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-Bioscan Penta, kufanele ucacisele izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Unga-oda imichilo yeBioscan Penta kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi etholakala online, ukuthengiswa kwenziwa ngokulethwa kwasekhaya ngothunyelwe, ngaphandle kwemiyalelo kadokotela.Ukubuyekezwa mayelana ne-Bioscan PentaUkubuyekezwa mayelana ne-Bioscan Penta phakathi kweziguli kukuhle kakhulu. Iziguli ziqaphela ukusebenziseka kalula nokulula kokusebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola: ngisho nengane ingenza ngokuzimele ukuhlolwa komchamo. Phakathi kokubuyekezwa okungekuhle mayelana neBioscan Penta kunokungafinyeleleki emaketangeni amaningi ekhemisi, ezitolo zezidakamizwa, ngentengo ephezulu, ukunemba okwanele kwesikhombi seBioscan Penta lapho kukalwa ushukela kumchamo.Izinhlobo Zemivimbo YezivivinyoNamuhla, amazwe amaningi akhiqiza imichilo yokuhlola. Phakathi kwezinkampani ezaziwa kakhulu zifaka:Isi-Russian - "Bioscan" ne "Biosenor",IsiKorea - Uriscan,Canadian - Multicheck,Swiss - Isivivinyo se-Mcral,WaseMelika - i-UrineRS.Noma yimuphi umenzi unikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwamakhithi okuxilonga ukusiza ukuvivinya amapharamitha ahlukahlukene:Ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhombisi sezinto eziningana ze-reagent ekuhlolweni okukodwa kwenza sikwazi ukwenza kahle ukutholwa, kucatshangelwa izinhloso ezilandelwayo. Isibonelo, ukulawula izinga likashukela kushukela, kufakwa uphawu lwenkomba ephendula ushukela nama-ketones emgqeni wokuhlola. Ezimweni ezinesifo se-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imichilo ehlanganisa izinkomba:Kukholelwa ukuthi noma yimuphi umenzi ukhiqiza imichilo yokuhlola esetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukuhlolwa okubukwayo, kodwa neyokusebenzisa izinsimbi lapho kusetshenziswa abahlaziyi.Ukwenza isheke lokuhlola, kunconywa ukulandela imithetho ethile, ukuphambuka kuyo kungaholela ezinkomba zamanga:Ungathinti ingxenye yenkomba yomucu.Yenza inqubo ekushiseni kwama-degrees ayi-15 kuya kwangamashumi amabili nanhlanu wokushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo, izinga lokuphendula lehla kakhulu, okubandakanya imiphumela engamanga.Uma umchamo ubusesiqandisini, kufanele ufuthulwe ekushiseni okufisayo.Ukugcinwa koketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo olukhethiwe ukuze kuhlolwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili kuvinjelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imingcele ye-physicochemical yokushintsha komchamo.Ukusetshenziswa kabusha komucu owodwa kuvinjelwe.Akunconyelwe ukucwilisa inkomba kumchamo isikhathi eside - kunethuba lokufaka isakhi se-reagent kusuka ebusweni be-strip.Ngemuva kokuvula iphakheji, zonke izivivinyo kufanele zisetshenziswe esikhathini esishiwo umenzi - kungakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.Musa ukudalula isikali ekuchayelweni isikhathi eside ekukhanyisweni kwe-ultraviolet ukuze amathoni angapheli.I-Urobilinogen ne-bilirubinUkwanda kokuqukethwe kwabo kuqinisekisa ukuphambuka ekusebenzeni kwesibindi ne-bile ducts. Isilinganiso sokulinganisa sinamazinga aphansi we-2 mg / l, nenani eliphakeme lama-80. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwalezi zinto kuzodala ukwanda kokugcwaliswa kombala kolayini wesikhombi. Imiphumela emihle yokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin iqinisekisa ukuba khona noma ukukhula kwe-hepatitis.Ukuhlolwa kwalesi sakhi kusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kunezimpawu zokuphambuka emsebenzini wezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, kanye nesifo sikashukela. I-Creatinine ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekuthatheni amandla kwamaseli wezicubu, izinga layo lincike kusisindo semisipha.Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi inkomba yemisipha ihlala icishe ingashintshiwe, khona-ke izinga lokuqanjwa liyohlala likhona. Ukwanda kwalo komchamo kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukomisa, ukudla okudla inyama, imithwalo esemzimbeni.Ukukhonjwa kwabo ku-biofluid kungabangelwa yizizathu ezimbili:kwinqubo yempilo nomsebenzi wezinambuzane eziyingozi (esimweni esifanayo, udokotela unquma i-bacteriuria),ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe ama-nitrate amaningi.Ezimweni eziningi, ukutholwa kwama-nitrites kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esithathelwanayo se-urogenital.Yize indlela yokusebenzisa imichilo ihlukile ekuhlolweni okulula ukufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka, kusenokwabiwa okungathi sína kwamathuba okuthi izinkomba ezitholakele kuzovela kungamanga. Kepha uma ulandela ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokusebenzisa amathuluzi ekuhlolweni komuntu ngamunye, khona-ke ubungozi bamaphutha bungancishiswa.Isebenzisa i-Pentoscopic Bioscan IncazeloUkuchazwa kwemigqa yokuhlolwa kwemisipha eyenzekile (inkomba) yokuhlaziya umchamo "i-Bioscan Penta" ye-portal yezokwelapha "Amatafula Wami" iqoqo lezinto ezitholakala emithonjeni enegunya, uhlu lwazo lutholakala esigabeni "samanothi" "Imiyalo esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwemishayo yenkomba ebonakalayo kaBioscan Penta"ezinikezwa abakhiqizi bemichilo yokuhlola. Ngaphandle kokuthi ukuthembeka kolwazi olwethulwe esihlokweni esithi “Imivimbo yokuhlolwa kokuhlaziywa komchamo Bioscan Penta"Kuhlolwe ngongoti bezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe, okuqukethwe yilesi sihloko kubhekiselwe kuphela, akunjalo isiqondisi se uqobo (ngaphandle kokuthinta uchwepheshe ofanelekayo wezokwelapha, udokotela) ukuxilonga, ukuxilonga, ukukhetha izindlela nezindlela zokwelashwa.Ngaphambi kokuthenga nokusebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan Penta, kufanele uzijwayeze nemiyalo yomkhiqizi ukuze uyisebenzise.Abahleli be-portal "amaphilisi wami" abaqinisekisi iqiniso nokufaneleka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ngoba izindlela zokuxilonga, ukuvimba kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zihlala zenziwa ngcono. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okugcwele ngokuphelele, kufanele wenze isikhathi sokuhlangana nodokotela, uchwepheshe ofanelekayo wezokwelapha, uchwepheshe we-urologist, okokuqala.Imizila ebonakalayo ebonakalayo (inkomba) imichilo yokuhlola elahlekayo, imichilo ebonakalayo yesikhombisi - ama-reagents alungiselelwe ngaphambili elebhu afakwe epulasitiki noma ephepheni elingaphansi. Okungafanele kudidaniswe nemichilo yokuhlola ye-electrochemical yama-glucometer.in vitro«>in vitro , ku-vitro (kusuka esiLatini "engilazini") - uhlobo locwaningo olwenziwe ngama-microorganisms, amaseli noma ama-molecule webhayoloji endaweni elawulwayo ngaphandle komongo wawo ojwayelekile wempilo, ngamanye amazwi - in vitro - Ubuchwepheshe bokucwaninga ngesampula ukuphuma kutholwa izinto eziphilayo kusuka izinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ekuhloleni ubungako be-hematuria, i-glycosuria, i-proteinuria, i-acetonuria kanye nasekuhlolweni kwe-acidity yomchamo, umchamo (negazi lemilingo, ushukela (ushukela), amaprotheni (amaprotheni), izidumbu ze-ketone (i-acetone) okuqukethwe kuzo yomzimba womuntu, kanye nemichilo yokuhlola ebonakalayo yeBioscan Penta iyithuluzi lokuxilonga, ucwaningo ngokwalo luyenziwa in vitro. EsiNgisini, isichazamazwi in vitro igama elithi "engilazini", okufanele liqondwe ngokweqiniso ngokuthi "kushubhu lokuhlola ingilazi." Ngomqondo ojwayelekile in vitro kuqhathaniswa nethemu ku-vivoukucwaninga okusho kuvuliwe into ephilayo (ngaphakathi kwayo).Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayizakhi zegazi ezilandelwa nge-postcellular yomsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukudluliselwa komoya-mpilo kusuka emaphashini kuya ezicutshini zomzimba kanye nokuthunyelwa kwekhabhoni diokide kwelinye uhlangothi. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu akhiwa emgqonyeni wamathambo ngesilinganiso samaseli egazi abomvu ayizigidi ezingama-2,4 umzuzwana ngamunye.Ama-25% awo wonke amaseli emzimbeni womuntu angamaseli abomvu egazi.IHemoglobin - Amaprotheni aqukethe i-iron ayinkimbinkimbi angabuyisela umoya-mpilo kabusha. IHemoglobin itholakala kuma-cytoplasm amaseli abomvu egazi, ibanikeza (ngokulandelana, igazi) umbala obomvu.Ukwehluleka kwangempela -umqondo wokungasebenzi kahle wezinso, okuholela ekuphazamisweni kwe-nitrogen, i-electrolyte, amanzi nezinye izinhlobo zemetabolism. Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuhluleka kwezinso yisifo sikashukela (I-33% yamacala) kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme (we-arterial) (I-25% yamacala). Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela zokwehluleka kwezinso empeleni ziyisifo sezinso.I-Endocrinology - Isayensi yemisebenzi kanye nokwakheka kwezinduna ze-endocrine (izindlala ze-endocrine), ama-hormone (imikhiqizo) akhiqizwa yizo, izindlela zokwakheka kwazo nokwenza izinto emzimbeni womuntu. I-Endocrinology futhi ifunda ngezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezindlala ze-endocrine, futhi ifune izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine. Isifo esijwayelekile kunazo zonke isifo sikashukela.Insulin - i-hormone yamaprotheni yemvelo ye-peptide, eyakheka kumaseli we-beta weziqithi ze-pancreatic zeLangerhans. I-insulin inethonya elikhulu kumetabolism cishe kuwo wonke izicubu, kuyilapho umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa (ukugcina) ushukela (ushukela) osegazini. I-insulin yenyusa ukuqina kwama-membrane we-plasma we-glucose, isebenze ama-enzyme asemqoka we-glycolysis, ivuselela ukwakheka kwe-glycogen esibindini kanye nemisipha evela glucose, futhi ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni namafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ivimbela umsebenzi wama-enzyme aqeda amafutha nama-glycogen.Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi - Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, iqembu elisindayo lamaseli egazi emisebenzi ehlukene nokubukeka. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi avikela umzimba womuntu ezinhlwini ze-pathogenic zangaphandle nezangaphakathi.Inhibitors, reaction inhibitor (kusuka esiLatini inhibere - "ukubambezeleka, ukubamba, ukuyeka") - igama elijwayelekile lezinto ezivimba noma ezicindezelayo ekuphenduleni kwe-physico-chemicals noma kwe-physiological (ikakhulu enzymatic). Ukuvinjwa noma ukuvimbela ukuphenduka kungenxa yokuthi i-inhibitor ivimba amasayithi asebenzayo we-catalyst noma ihlangana nezinhlayiya ezisebenzayo ngokwenziwa kwama-radicals womsebenzi ophansi.Izithombe zemitholampilo (isifingqo esithi "umtholampilo" sisetshenziswa phakathi kodokotela) - iqoqo lokubonakaliswa kanye nezimpawu zenkinga yesifo (kufaka phakathi isimo sezikhalazo zesiguli), izimpawu ezithile kanye nokungacacisi kanye nama-syndromes, njengesisekelo sokuxilongwa, ukuqwashisa ngokungemthetho nokwelashwa. Isibonelo, igazi lokugcina umchamo liyingxenye yesithombe somtholampilo se-hemorrhagic vasculitis.I-Urology, i-urology (kusuka esiGrekini _9, P22, `1, _9, _7, -" umchamo "no" _5, a2, ^ 7, _9, `2," - "igama, isayensi, ukutadisha, ulwazi") - emkhakheni wezokwelapha ukutadisha umsuka (etiology), inkambo (pathogenesis), kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela ezikhona futhi ezithuthukisayo zokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokuvinjwa kwezifo zohlelo lobuchamo, izindlala ze-adrenal, izifo zohlelo lowesilisa lokuzala, nezinye izinqubo ze-pathological esikhaleni se-retroperitoneal space.I-Urology iyindlela yokuhlinza, igatsha lokuhlinzwa, futhi, ngokungafani nephrology, ibhekana nezinkinga okungukuthi ukwelashwa okuhlinzwa izinhlelo ezingenhla nezitho zomzimba.Izifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-urological yi-prostatitis, urethritis, cystitis, isifo sofuba, umdlavuza wesinye, umdlavuza wesinye, umdlavuza wezinso, isimila se-testicular - izifo ezihambisana, ikakhulukazi yi-albhamuinuria (proteinuria).I-Emergency Urology ngokukhethekile inikezela ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo uma kwenzeka kugcinwe umchamo obukhulu, i-reic colic, i-anuria ne-hematuria.Imichilo yokuhlola ukuxilonga ebonakalayo yeBioscan Penta ingasetshenziselwa kokubili i-albhamuinuria ne-hematuria.Amanani nokupakishwaImichilo yokuhlola ye-Bioscan ihlelwe ngamacala wepensela ayindilinga namabhodlela. Zingaba yi-150, 100 noma ezingama-50 iphakethe ngalinye. Impilo yeshelufu iyahlukahluka, imvamisa iminyaka eyi-1-2. Konke kuncike enjongweni yemikhawulo yenkomba. Izindleko zemikhiqizo ye-Bioscan zincike ezintweni eziningi:inombolo yezingcezu kwiphakeji,indawo yokuthengisainethiwekhi yamakhemisi.Intengo elinganiselwa - cishe ama-ruble angama-200 (amakhulu amabili) iphakethe ngalinye lezingcezu eziyikhulu.Esikhathini sikashukela, hhayi nje kuphela ukudla okubalulekile, kepha futhi nokuqapha okwenziwe njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anjalo ekhaya ngeke kube yi-100% ukufaka esikhundleni zonke izivivinyo zaselebhu. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela izosiza ukulandelela izinguquko esimweni sakho futhi inqande ukubonakaliswa okungesihle kwalesi sifo.
