Ukuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda ye-Open Science ukuthola impendulo efanelekile ye-Afrika ku-COVID-19 [isimangalo] - AfricArXivKushicilelwe ngu I-AfricArXiv on 31st March 2020 31st March 2020Qamba njenge: U-Hadmann, Jo, Bezuidenhout, Louise, Achampong, Joyce, Akligoh, Harry, Ayodele, Obasegun, Hussein, Shaukatali,… Wenzelmann, Victoria. (2020). Ukuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda ye-Open Science ukuthola izimpendulo ezisebenzayo zase-Afrika ku-COVID-19 [prerint]. doi.org/10.5281 /Iqembu lesisekelo:Jo havemann, 0000-0002-6157-1494, Finyelela 2 Imibono & I-AfricArXiv, eJalimaneLouise Bezuidenhout, 0000-0003-4328-3963, I-Oxford University, i-AfricArXiv & Access 2 Perspecadors, iNingizimu Afrika ne-UKImibhalo: (JH & LB) info@africarxiv.orgAbabhali abanikela (ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama):Joyce Achampong, 0000-0002-6694-8473, Iqembu Lokubheka Ngezemfundo Lomhlaba Wonke wePivot, Ukufinyelela Okubili kwe-2 ne-AfricArXiv, UKHarry Akligoh, 0000-0002-6949-1392, I-Open Bioeconomy Lab, iHive Biolab (Kumasi Hive), neGhanaObasegun Ayodele, 0000-0002-6830-0478, I-Vilsquare & AfricArXiv, NigeriaUFlorence Chaverneff, 0000-0003-0131-1225, Isayensi 4 i-Afrika, e-USAShaukatali Hussein, 0000-0001-6499-2318, Labs Robotch, eTanzaniaNabil Ksibi, 0000-0002-3226-7485, I-ORCID ne-KiaArXiv, South AfricaUMboa Nkoudou Thomas Hervé, 0000-0001-9678-7765, I-Open Air, i-AfricaOSH, i-Open Bioeconomy Lab, i-APSOHA, ne-CameroonJohanssen Obanda, 0000-0002-2111-7780, I-Pint Yesayensi ne-KiaArXiv, KenyaJoy Owango, 0000-0002-3910-2691, Isikhungo Sokuqeqeshwa Kwezokuxhumana (i-TCC Africa), i-Access 2 Perspecadors kanye ne-AfricArXiv, KenyaUValerian Linus Sanga, 0000-0001-8421-4134, I-STICLab, i-AfricaOSH ne-OSHNet, eTanzaniaUJulian Stirling, 0000-0002-8270-9237, I-University of Bath & AfricaOSH, e-UKIVictoria Wenzelmann, 0000-0002-1421-0063, I-Global Innovation Gathering, eJalimaneUyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele: Le dokhumenti enguqulweni yayo yamanje (v1.1) ivulelwe ukuphawula.Sicela wenze iziphakamiso eziqondile kumbhalo ku- tinyurl.com/Open-Science-Africa-COVID-19, noma uthumele i-imeyili abalobi abahambisanayo. Ngokunikela ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kumbhalo, usengasijoyina ohlwini lwababhali.Ukufaka isandla empendulweni yokusebenzisana kwezinye izinyathelo zomsebenzi kanye / noma ngokwezezimali, sicela uvakashele https://info.africarxiv.org/contribute/.Isimo sokushicilela samazwe omhlaba njengamanje siguqukela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Open Science kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo ehlobene ne-COVID-19 konke kwenziwa obala kutholakala ngomzamo osheshayo wokuqhutshwa komphakathi wokucwaninga nokuhlola (Akligoh et al. 2020; JOGL COVID19 projekthi, Open Letter: Ukulandelela Ukuxhumana kanye ne-NHSX). Encwadini yombono we-Financial Times, uNdunankulu wase-Ethiopia kanye nomklomelo weNobel Peace Prize ka-2019 u-Abiy Ahmed ukhulume ngokubaluleka kwemizamo ehlanganisiwe yokulwa nobhubhane ngokufingqa: "[I] f leli gciwane alihlulwa e-Afrika, kuzolunga buyela emhlabeni wonke nje ”. Ubukhulu bezomnotho nezepolitiki u-Ahmed agxila kubo kumele busekelwe ocwaningweni oluyisayensi oluzwakalayo - oluhlukile lwasendaweni, ngenkathi luxhumeke emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuvula ucwaningo emnothweni othuthukile ngakho-ke ngeke kwanele, kumele sengeze futhi sisekele amaphakethe akhona obuchwepheshe kwi-Open Science ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.Ngobhubhane lwe-coronavirus lwamanje, isidingo esiphuthumayo Sokuvulwa Kokufika kwemiphumela yocwaningo kuzokhulisa ulwazi lwesizinda somphakathi sesayensi ezincwadini ezihlobene ne-COVID-19 ngaleyo ndlela kusiza abacwaningi base-Afrika ukuba bathuthukise izixazululo ezigxile e-Afrika ngokulwa negciwane le-SARS-CoV 2, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqinisa isikhathi izinsizakusebenza zasendaweni zamazwe ase-Afrika nokwandisa ukuzilungiselela kwazo ngokuqubuka kwesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo womabili amazinga wesifunda kanye nowesifunda. Ukuqubuka kwegciwane langaphambilini, okufana nesifo esihlasela nje i-Ebola eNtshonalanga ne-Zika, kugcizelele imiphumela ebuhlungu yokufinyelela kokuvinjelwe kwedatha kanye nemigwaqo yokusabalalisa engahambisani kahle. Kungokususa kuphela amahholo, ukukhulisa ukufinyelela kwedijithali ezinsizakalweni, kanye nokukhuthaza izindlela zokwabelana ezihlanganyelwe imizamo yokunciphisa imiphumela yaleli gciwane kungaphumelela. Lokhu akulona iqiniso izimpendulo zesikhashana esifushane enkingeni yezempilo, kepha nemiphumela yesikhathi eside emnothweni wase-Afrika, ezikhungweni zezenhlalo kanye nezokuziphilisa zabantu ezwenikazi lonke.Amazwe ahola kancane naphakathi nendawo '(LMICs) iqhaza abelokhu ehola ngendlela evulelekile - ikakhulukazi i-Brasilian isheke yemibhalo egciniwe yama-database wenethiwekhi ye-SciELO (iSayensi yeThala leSayensi ye-elekhthronikhi ye-Intanethi) nayo emelwe eNingizimu Afrika. Sigqugquzela abathintekayo base-Afrika ukuthi babheke phambili amaphakethe akhona obuchwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi impendulo ehlelekile ekwabelaneni ngolwazi e-Afrika ingathembela ezinhlakeni eziningi ezikhona ezisekela ukuvula ucwaningo nokwabelana ngolwazi. Ngempela, okudingekayo ukunakekela lezi zinsizakusebenza ezikhona, ukulungiselela ukuxhumana nokuxhumana, nokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izikhala nokusilela okuvezwa imephu okunjalo.Ukuze isebenze kahle, ababambiqhaza ocwaningweni lwase-Afrika kanye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kumele basebenzisane nezinhlaka ezikhona nezingabizi kakhulu ukuqiniseka ukuthi idatha ekhiqizwe ngalesi sifo ibhekana namazinga emininingwane ye-FAIR, nokuthi noma yikuphi ukucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo kushicilelwa kumapulatifomu e-Open Access kanye nemininingwane engezansi eyenziwe yatholakala vula amakhosombe wedatha.Ukufaka lezo zinqubo ngeke kusize ekucwaningweni kwe-COVID-19 kuphela, kepha ngocwaningo lwase-Afrika luphelele, futhi kuzosungula ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi okuvulekile nokusebenzisana kanye nezinqubo zokushicilela. Ukuqhakambisa ukuvuleleka ngaphakathi kwezifundo zase-Afrika kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezikhona ezwenikazi lonke, futhi kunezimemezelo eziningi ezibalulekile ezikhona zokuxhasa imizamo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iSibambiso seDakar on Open Access Publishing e-Afrika kanye ne-Global South (2016) kanye ne-Afrika esemisha kakhulu ye-Open Access Scholarly Communication (2019). Le mihlahlandlela iveza umbono ocwaningweni oluvulekile lwase-Afrika olubheka izinto eziza kuqala:Izimiso zemvelo ezifundayo ezwenqubekela phambili ezwekazini ezivela eNyakatho, eCentral, eMpumalanga, eNtshonalanga naseNingizimu Afrika futhi zibaxhuma ohlelweni lokucwaninga lomhlaba.Hlela ukuhanjiswa kwezithiyo zolimi esp francophone / anglophone / arabic kanye nezilimi zase-Afrika nezendabuko zase-Afrika.Sungula izindawo zokusebenzela kanye namasethi wamathuluzi anikwe ubuchwepheshe afanele ukusetshenziswa ezimeni zocwaningo zase-Afrika ukulungiselela ukusebenzisana okusheshayo kanye nethuba elilinganayo lokuthola idatha nezinsizakalo ngaphandle kwendawo, ulimi nezinye izimo.Hlanganisa nezinye izindlela, imithombo, namaphrojekthi afanele ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Afrika ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze ukhulise ukuvuleka kanye nokushintshana ngolwazi ngendlela engenamthungo.Ithuba leli bhubhane elinikeza ukucwaninga kanye nemiphakathi esebenza njengabenzi, (i-bio) kubaduni nohulumeni ukukhombisa ngoshintsho oluhlelekile olwalubonakala ngaphambi kweCorona, futhi manje esiba nethuba langempela lokulwa ngokubambisana.Indlela yase-Afrika ebhubhaneni le-COVID-19Kunokubaluleka kwendlela ephelele yokwakha umthamo wezikhungo ngaphakathi kwemfundo ephakeme kanye nezikhungo zokucwaninga zomphakathi ezixhaswa ngezimali kulelizwekazi. Njengokulethwa kweSustainable Development Goals (SDG), impendulo enkingeni ye-Covid-19 izodinga ukulethwa ngokusebenza ngokubambisana. Impendulo yamazwe omhlaba kuze kube yimanje igxila emandleni okuxhuma kubantu ngokusebenzisa abezindaba nobuchwepheshe, iningi lazo ligxila kumadolobha amakhulu amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika. Ukuhlukumezeka kwempilo yabantu kanye nakwezomnotho wase-Afrika kungukuthi kudinga impendulo ehlanganayo yomhlaba wonke yokuthi isetshenziswe kanjani kangcono futhi kusetshenziswe izinsiza zokusekela lawo mazwe okuthola ubunzima obuningi ngezinto ezithile zansuku zonke zokuphila kwansuku zonke. ezindaweni zasemadolobheni (Adegbeye, 2020).Ukuhlanganisa amaqembu ababambiqhaza ababambe iqhaza kanye nemiphakathi, efana:I-ScienceCommunication & Science Literacy Initiatives (amasayensi we-PR nezintatheli)Ucwaningo (olwe-biomedical & zenhlalo nakwezomnotho)Abenzi bezinqubomgomo (amazinga kamasipala, kazwelonke, wesifunda)NgoMashi 18, i-AfricArXiv yethule umzamo wokuqinisa abantu abaningi wokuthola izinsiza ezungeze i-COVID-19 ngokwesimo se-Pan-African. NgoMashi 26, 2020, i-African Academy of Science (AAS) yahlanganisa uhlelo lwewebhu lwabachwepheshe base-Afrika kanye nabangewona ama-Afrika ukuqala imicabango ejwayelekile yokuchaza i-ajenda yocwaningo ngokuqubuka kwe-COVID19 nokunikela ngomzamo ofundwe yisayensi wokulwa lo bhubhane e-Afrika. Zombili lezi zinhlelo ziyavuma ukuthi le ndlela kumele ihlanganiswe nokusebenzela nokuvikela bonke abantu base-Afrika, okungukuthi futhi amaqembu asengozini futhi ancishisiwe njengezintandane, abantu ababalekelwa ngaphakathi (IDP) nababaleki. Indlela emcabango yokuqamba okusha ehlanganisiwe ichazwe nguMcPhee et al. (2018) kusuka kwindlela yendabuko yokubandakanya futhi uqiniseke ukuthi sibheka i-Afrika ngokwesikhathi sayo.Ulwazi lwendabuko nolwamasikoEmazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesintu kuvamile emiphakathini. Imithi yendabuko imvamisa isetshenziswa ngokubambisana, noma ukufaka esikhundleni somuthi we-allopathic. Izimpendulo ezihlanganisiwe ze-COVID-19 e-Afrika ngaleyo ndlela zincike kochwepheshe bezempilo bendabuko, abasebenza ngezempilo be-allopathic kanye nemihlahlandlela kahulumeni enikeza umyalezo ongaguquki. Ikakhulu, imikhandlu yabelaphi bendabuko kumele ilethwe ezingxoxweni ze-COVID-19 zezimpendulo zikazwelonke ze-COVID-19.Ucwaningo ngemithi yendabuko kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi lwendabuko luyakhuphuka ezikhungweni eziningi zase-Afrika, futhi laba bacwaningi abangochwepheshe bangasebenza njengombandela obalulekile phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo bendabuko, ohulumeni kanye nezinhlelo zezempilo zezwe (i-REF).Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlinzeka ngezempilo sekuvele. Isibonelo, Abezempilo Yendabuko (i-THP) eNingizimu Afrika banikeza isikhundla esihlanganisiwe ku-COVID-19 futhi bavimbele isimangalo samanga nesidukisayo samandla okuphulukisa noma owaziyo ukuthi ungalapha kanjani noma welaphe i-coronavirus (Covid-19). Izibonelo zalo mkhuba kufanele zabelwane kabanzi ngolwazi nolwazi olungcono kakhulu.Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ukuvikeleka okuzuzwe kanzima kolwazi lwendabuko (njengoba kufakazelwe ezimisweni ze-CARE) akulona olwedlule ngokuphuthuma kwempendulo ye-COVID-19. Ikakhulu, ucwaningo ezindaweni ezixhunywe ku-inthanethi ku-COVID-19, ezempilo kanye nokuhlala kahle kumele ziqhubeke zivikelwe. Isibonelo, amaphrojekthi wokuqhakambisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemifino yendabuko yase-Afrika ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokunciphisa ubuphofu (Abukutsa-Onyango, 2019). Abaphenyi base-Afrika babekwe kahle ukuthi baqhubeke nokubheka kabanzi ucwaningo kulezi zindawo ukugcina ukuvikela idatha, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha okunenhlonipho kolwazi lwe-indiegnous nolwendabuko.Ngokubalulekile, lezi zindawo zidinga ukucutshungulwa ngaphakathi naphakathi kwemiphakathi yocwaningo lwase-Afrika neyamazwe omhlaba nezinhlangano zokuphikisana (isb. I-Indian natives of Africa Coordinating Committee, IPACC) kuwo wonke amazinga. Amayunithi amaningi okucwaninga aphesheya anokubambisana okuhlala nemiphakathi yase-Afrika, futhi ukuxhumana okunjalo kungabhekelwa ekuxhumeni kuzo zonke izindawo ukulungiselela ukuxoxisana okuhle kanye nokubambisana, ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwemigomo ye-CARE, ukunamathela Isimemezelo se-UN ngamalungelo abantu bomdabu (I-UNDRIP) kanye nokubheka 'Izinkinga Zobunikazi Zempahla Kwamasiko Wamasiko' (Iphrojekthi ye-IPinCH).Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlabaInto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwesayensi nakwabaxhasi ngemali ukusekela ukusebenzisana kweNingizimu neNingizimu. Ukusebenzisana okunjalo kungasiza ukwaba okuhle ngokuhlanganyela kokufunda kanye nokufunda okubonakalayo ukuze kukhonjwe izindlela ezinokwenzeka nezindlela zokusebenza ku-Afrika yonkana, nangokushintshana kolwazi nobuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-Afrika, Latin-Amercia, neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kukhona izibonelo ezinhle zokudluliselwa kokuzijwayeza ngempumelelo, njengokushintshwa kwenhlangano yokushicilela evulekile yeLatin American Open Access i-SciELO yaseNingizimu Afrika.Kubekhona futhi ukwesekwa okukhulu kwabaxhasi bezimali zamaphrojekthi aholwa yi-Afrika kanye namanethiwekhi aqinisa amandla ocwaningo. Lezo zibonelo zifaka i-African Open Science Platform (ekhokhelwa yiNational Research Council of South Africa) kanye ne-Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA - ukusebenzisana kweAfrican Academy of Science (AAS), Ubambiswano Olusha Lokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Afrika (NEPAD) Isikhungo esinezigidi ezingama-US $ 5.5 ekuxhasweni ngemali kwembewu kokuqala kusuka kuBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, iWellcome Trust noMnyango wase-UK Development for International Development (DFID). Lezi zixhaso zihlinzeka ngemithombo ebalulekile hhayi yezimali zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yesikhathi esizayo, kepha futhi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuxhumana kochwepheshe bamazwe omhlaba kanye nababambe iqhaza kuzwelonke / esifundeni.Uhla lwabanye ababambe iqhaza lukhona ohlelweni lokucwaninga lwase-Afrika osuvele lusebenza ekwenzeni lula ukuvuleleka. Uma kuhlangene kahle kungenzeka ukuthi la mathuluzi wedijithali kanye nababambiqhaza bangavele bafake igalelo elikhulu ekufezeni izifiso ezichazwe kusimemezelo esingenhla. Amanethiwekhi omhlaba kanye nokuqaliswa okufana ne-JOGL noma i-GIG eminyakeni yamuva nje kuqoqe isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu sokulungiselela nokuphatha imiphakathi yomhlaba wonke yokuzijwayeza ngaphezu kokuhlinzekwa kwemininingwane kanye nezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo.Yize kunjalo, ukuze ukusebenzisana kweNingizimu-Ningizimu kuchume, kuzodingeka kwenziwe umzamo omkhulu wokuqinisa amasiko wokuvuleleka, okwabelanayo kanye nokubambisana kwesifunda. Lokhu kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwase-Afrika (REF). Ukuthuthukisa ukwethembana phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi avela emazweni ahlukene, izilimi namasiko ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe kungenye yezinselelo ezicindezela kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi womhlaba ovulekile njengamanje. Noma iyiphi indlela kufanele icubungule ukuphathwa komphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuhamba, kanye nezindlela zokuxhumanisa umphakathi wesayensi wase-Afrika ovulekile nabanye ababambe iqhaza. Izibonelo ezivela emiphakathini ekhona, njenge-H3Africa neMalariaGen, kanye nezinhlelo ezivelayo ze-DELTAS zizohlinzeka ngezinsizakusebenza eziwusizo nezindlela zomgwaqo eziya ezindleleni zocwaningo zokubambisana.Njengoba sifunda kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba ezingamasonto amabili ngaphambili nezikhathi zokufakwa kwe-coronavirus, ucwaningo olusheshayo nolwe ngqo nemisebenzi kufanele ifake ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuhlola isilinganiso samanje sokutheleleka kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezibalo kokutheleleka, ukufa, kanye nokululama sendawo , amazinga kazwelonke, wesifunda kanye ne-pan-Afrika kanye nokuphenya ngemithelela yenhlalo nomnotho hhayi ngokuhlobene ngqo namazinga wokutheleleka kepha kucatshangelwa wonke amazinga omphakathi nezimo zesikhathi esizayo.Ithebula 1: Ababambe iqhaza, ubuchwepheshe babo kanye nezinsizakusebenzaThola uhlu olukhulayo lwababambiqhaza abangaphezu kwe-120 ku info.africarxiv.org/stakelings/.Ababambiqhaza Isazi / isibopho InstitutionsAbenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinhlaka zokuxhasa ngezimali Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezezimali I-AfDB, AU, izinhloko zombuso, ezokucwaninga nezempilo, i-AfDB, i-African UnionGates Foundation, i-CZI, iWorld Bank,Izikhungo zezempilo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha imitholampilo, izibhedlela, abelaphi bendabukoAma-hubs amasha nezindawo zokwakhaUkulungisa, ukubheka phezulu nokubheka phezulu izinto zokuphasa nemishini ephukile, imibhalo evulekile yomsebenzi, ukuxhuma ucwaningo nesenzo, ukudala nokusebenzisa izinsiza zemfundo ezivulekile (i-OER) I-AfricaOSH, i-Open Science kanye ne-Hardware Network - i-OSHNet (Tanzania), i-AfriLabs, i-Impact Hub Network, i-Jokkolabs Network, i-RLabs Network, kanye nama-hubs angaphezu kwama-400 womuntu ngamunye ezwenikazi lase-Afrika afana neVilsquare (Nigeria), MboaLab (Cameroon), KumasiHive (IGhana), STICLab (Tanzania), iRobotech Labs (Tanzania), nezinye eziningiAbezindaba Ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa kwesayensi Inethiwekhi ye-African Science LiteracyOsosayensi nabacwaningi Ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukuhlolwa kwegciwane / izikrini, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha Amanyuvesi kanye neZikhungo Zocwaningo, ama-NRENIzikhungo zemfundo kanye namapulatifomu Ukwakha amandla nokuqeqeshwa kuzo zonke izihloko ezifanele I-TCC Africa, i-OER Africa, i-INASP,…Umphakathi jikelele Funa imininingwane emithonjeni ethembekile, ekuqhelaneni nomphakathiImiphakathi yomhlaba nezinhlangano (zomhlaba) Ixhuma emiphakathini yomhlaba wokuzijwayeza, yokwabelana ngesipiliyoni nezindlela ezinhle kakhulu, xhuma ezihlokweni ezijwayelekile, isib. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda I-Just One Giant Lab (JOGL), Ukubuthana Komhlaba Wonke, I-GIPH, I-GOSH, ISOC; APCIningi uma kungebona bonke ababambiqhaza asevele bazilungiselele impendulo ecabangayo futhi ngokuzinikela ye-COVID-19. Kubalulekile ukuthi esikhundleni sokusebenza kuma-silos sihlanganisa amasu nezindlela zokufinyelela kuwo wonke amazwe, ababambiqhaza, izithiyo zolimi kanye nemikhakha yemiphakathi.Ukusebenzisana ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Hardware kwempahla yezokwelaphaUkusebenza ngokubambisana okuthuthuka ezweni lonke kunezinselelo zalo ezithile. Lezi ziqondisi zenzelwe ukusiza ukusebenzisana okusha kugweme izingibe ezivamile. Lesi sigaba sihloselwe kakhulu abacwaningi abaseGlobal North abafuna ukubheka ukwakhiwa kwamahardware angakhiwa futhi asetshenziswe e-AfrikaYenza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabenzi, ochwepheshe bezempilo nabasebenzisi bokugcina ukuze uqonde imvelo lapho izosetshenziswa khona i-Hardware. Lokhu kubalulekile ekwakheni imininingwane efanelekile. Abahlanganyeli bendawo kungenzeka babe nolwazi ngamadivayisi afanayo futhi bazokwazi ukuthi basebenza kahle kangakanani endaweni yendawo. Cabanga ngokutholakala kwengqalasizinda esekelayo (ingabe i-ventilator yakho idinga ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen engaguquki?), Cabanga ngezimo ezikhona (yiluphi uhla lokushisa lwezinto zokusebenza?), Noma ukuthembeka kokuphakelwa kukagesi wendawo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka emibili edlule, i-Opton2020 evulekile yamaphrojekthi ama-Careables ithole ulwazi oluningi kulokhu kusebenzisana phakathi kwababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene futhi inikezela ngesizinda semininingwane yezisombululo ezikhona kanye nokusekelwa kwemibhalo.Ukusebenzisana kwefomu lokukhiqiza / lokulungisa sendawo ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kungakanani ukwakhiwa okungakhiwa futhi kulungiswe endaweni yakini. Ukukhiqiza nokulungisa izinto zasekhaya kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukutholakala nesikhathi esisetshenziselwa noma yiziphi izinsimbi. Izingxenye ezibuyisanayo kufanele zifunwe noma zikhiqizwe endaweni yakini ukuze kukhiqizwe futhi kulungiswe ukusebenza kahle. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziselwa izindleko eziphansi / ezitholakala kalula eYurophu noma eMelika empeleni azihlanganisi nalokho okungabizi kakhulu / kutholakala kalula endaweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukuthi ubandakanye abahlanganyeli bendawo kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokuvota.Cabanga ngejubane lamaketanga wokuhlinzekwa kwamanye amazwe. Sebenza nabahlanganyeli bendawo ukuqonda izikhathi eziholayo zokuthenga imishini emazweni aphesheya. Ijubane nokwethenjwa kwamaketanga okuhlinzekwa komhlaba kuyahlukahluka ngesifunda. Ungacabangi ukuthi ngoba ingxenye ingenza kusuka efektri kwelinye izwekazi kuya elabhorethri yakho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukuthi ingafinyelela abahlanganyeli bakho ngasikhathi sinye. Hlola amaketanga wokuhlinzekela lapho kungenzeka khona noma ngabe ukuthunyelwa okuncane kungathunyelwa ngqo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. Ukushoda noma ukuntuleka kwemishini yokucwaninga kungabuyelwa ingxenye ethile ngokuxhuma okuvulekile kwe-Open Source Hardware, ukulungiswa nokuphakama kwalokho okutholakalayo (Maia Chagas et al., 2019).Yakha futhi uhlanganyele ngokubambisana ku-vet prototypes. Ngenkathi kungabonakala njengokuphindaphindwa kwemizamo yokwakha prototypes ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziningi kuvumela bonke abalingani abafanelekile ukuthi bahlanganyele design. Iphinde ivumele nezinkinga zokuhlonza kusenesikhathi okungenzeka kubhekwane nazo ngenkathi kukhiqizwa indawo. Ukubambisana okwenziwe ngokusebenzisana kwamaphrotocol, njengoba sekwenziwe ngaphakathi kwe-JOGL Covid19 Project, kungumsebenzi owusizo womhlaba wonke wokuxhasa ukwenziwa kwendawo kwaleyo miklamo eye yathandeka kakhulu ezimeni ezihlukile.Ukucwaninga kokuhamba komsebenzi ocwaningweni lwase-AfrikaEngxenyeni elandelayo, sibhidliza ukuhamba kokucwaninga okujwayelekile ukwenza iziphakamiso ezithile kusinyathelo ngasinye ukusuka ekutholakaleni, ukuhlaziya (kufaka phakathi ukuhlela iphrojekthi, indlela yokusebenza, ukukhiqizwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya imiphumela), ukubhala kanye nokushicilela.Ukutholakala kwezincwadi ezifanele zocwaningoIningi labashicileli bezemfundo lenze ukuthi ucwaningo olufanele lwe-COVID-19 lufinyeleleke ngokuthi (okwesikhashana!) Bakhokhe imali yokubhalisela.I-Web of Science neScopus ayimeli umphumela wokucwaninga ngobuningi bomhlaba (Tennant et al., 2019). Ngeshwa, izinselelo zomklamo oqhubekayo zingasho ukuthi izincwadi zesiNgisi ezinyatheliswa kumaphephabhuku abhalwe kwimininingwane yamazwe omhlaba (njenge-DOAJ) zibekwe ngaphambili. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumamagazini amancane, wesifunda ase-Afrika angenawo amandla okubamba okuqukethwe kwawo okugcwele online. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi imiphumela yokuCwaninga kwe-Afrika kunzima ukuyithola nokuyifinyelela.Kuyaziwa ukuthi indlela ebalulekile yokuphelisa ukushoda kokubonakala kocwaningo lwase-Afrika ukuqinisa indima edlalwa yimibhalo edijithali ocwaningweni lwase-Afrika. Kuze kube manje, ukubonakala, ukuxhumana kanye nokufinyeleleka kwale mibhalo kuyahluka kakhulu. Ukuthola imephu kwendawo ebusayo nokuhlelela ukuxhumana kufanele. Umthelela wakamuva kulokhu kube ukushicilelwa kwedatha eguquguqukayo yamakhodi ocwaningo lwedijithali enamamephu asebenzayo wokubuka (i-Bezuidenhout, i-Hasmann, i-Kitchen, i-De Mutiis, ne-Owango, ngo-2020). Izinsizakusebenza ezinjalo kufanele zinciphiswe futhi zinwetshwe ukunikeza ulwazi olusha lwenethiwekhi kule nethiwekhi ebalulekile yokwabelana ngedatha.Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi i-ecosystem evele kabusha yezwekazi lase-Afrika iqhubeke nokusebenzisana nochwepheshe bamazwe omhlaba, njengomphakathi we-Re3data ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwabo nokwenza kwabo kuyahlangabezana namazinga aphesheya futhi kusize ukusebenzisana. Ngaphezu kokuxhasa amakhosombe wokusebenza, kumele kwenziwe umzamo owengeziwe wokwakha amandla ekwabiweni kwedatha nasekuvuleni ukufinyelela phakathi komphakathi wokucwaninga wase-Afrika. Ukusekelwa ekuqeqeshweni kokufunda nokubhala okwedijithali kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomqondo ovulekayo weSayensi. Idathabheyizi yezifundo eziku-inthanethi ezithuthukisa ulwazi lokufunda okwedijithali kufanele lukhiqizwe futhi lakhiwe. Kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokuhumusha okuqukethwe ezilimini ezisemqoka njengesiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiSwahili kanye nesi-Arabhu.Amathuluzi edijithali weSayensi alungele izilungiselelo ezinamandla aphansi / Okusekelwe ku-REFEminyakeni yamuva kube nokwanda okusheshayo kwamathuluzi aku-inthanethi alekelela izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokwenza umsebenzi ocwaningweni. Ukuthathwa kwala mathuluzi e-Afrika, nokho kube nomkhawulo. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yoxhaxha lwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuqwashisa, amasiko okucwaninga, ulimi, izinselelo zezingqalasizinda nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuklanywa. Kubalulekile ukuthi abacwaningi base-Afrika bakhiqize ngokuqinile uhlu lwamathuluzi edijithali afanele, akhethwayo futhi asimeme.Ukutholwa: Amathuluzi wedijithali othola imisebenzi efanelekile yezazi.1) = i-Afrika ethile, 2) = umhlaba jikelele, umthombo ovulekile, 3) womhlaba jikelele, wezentengisoUkusesha izincwadi, amaRekhodi Ukuphathwa Kwereferensi1) I-African Magazinals Online (AJOL), AfricArXiv, DICAMES - -2) Vula amamephu Wokwazi, Ukusesha kwe-BASE IZotero, ReFigure3) IGoogle Scholar, i-Lens, ScienceOpenSciLit, ResearchGate, iPhephahive.org UkuthuthukiswaIndlela yokusebenza nokuhlaziywa kwedathaUkuhlaziywa: Amathuluzi wedijithali wokuhlaziya imisebenzi efanelekile yezaziIndlela yokusebenzisa Ukugcinwa kwedatha Ukubukwa kwedathaevulekile i-Afrika, i-Africa Information Highway Portal, i-Africa Infrastructure information Portal Ikhodi ye-Afrika2) Amaphrothokholi.io I-R-OpenSci, Re3Data, Idatha, I-Oceanprotocol.com, OSF.io UGephi, RI-Figube Kumu,Ukusebenzisana kwe-Agile RemoteYonke imiqondo yolwazi ngokubambisana isizakala ngokusebenzisa indlela evulekile, enikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuzijayeza namaqembu akude.Ngokwesisekelo sayo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo osemdala kufaka phakathi izinqubo zokuphendula njalo kanye nokwenza kwe-cyclical (iterative) kuwo wonke amazinga: ekwenzeni okungokoqobo, ezingeni leqembu, nakubaphathi.Izindlela ze-Agile ziyakwazisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo okuyinkimbinkimbi akunakuhlelelwa kusengaphambili ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba izidingo empeleni zizoshintsha phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila futhi ngokuvamile akuqondakali ngokuphelele ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi.Esikhundleni salokho, indlela yokuguga iguqula izigaba ezimfishane zokuhlela nentuthuko. Amalungu eqembu avumelana ngezinhloso ezizofezeka ngesikhathi sokuhlangana esilandelayo, basebenzisane ngamafuphi nsuku zonke futhi abukeze izilinganiso ezisekupheleni kwesiphetho ngasinye. Ngokusebenzisa kabusha indlela, ulwazi lwenqubo olwengeziwe lungatholakala.Ubuciko obalulekile kwanoma yikuphi ukubambisana okudala yilezi: ukusilela emuva okwabiwe kwemisebenzi; ibhodi yemisebenzi eyabiwe ye-sprint elandelayo; kanye nemihlangano ejwayelekile. Kubalulekile ezinqubweni ezisheshayo ukuthi zenziwa yizindima ezizinikezele emazingeni amabili, okungukuthi umkhiqizo (isib. Ngumnikazi womkhiqizo) kanye nenqanaba lezinqubo (isib. Ngumphathi we-scrum noma umqeqeshi we-agile).Umthombo Ovaliwe Open SourceUkuhlela / I-Whiteboard https://mural.co https://miro.com https://stormboard.com/ https://openboard.ch https://wbo.openode.io/Imihlangano / Izingcingo ezikude https://zoom.us/ https://tico.chat https://jitsi.org/ https://unhangout.media.mit.edu/I-Retrospective https://www.teamretro.com/ https://www.parabol.co/ https://retrorabbit.io/ https://github.com/funretro/distributedNgaphezu kwezinsizakusezi ezingenhla, iCoronavirus Tech Handbook iyisisetshenziswa samanje sezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe esithe xaxa sokusebenza kude. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisana okukude okudala kuyindlela inoveli yenhlangano yokucwaninga yabacwaningi abaningi kuma-LMICs nama-HIC. Kungaba usizo kubacwaningi base-Afrika abanokuhlangenwe nakho kule fomethi ukunikeza izifundo zecala nezibonelo zokuqhubeka kwengxoxo.Idizayini nokusebenza ngokubambisana okuhlanganayo kuyindlela eyisisekelo yomphakathi womenzi womhlaba. Amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye nemininingwane yolwazi ikhona futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuklama nokubukeza ukwakheka online, okuvele kufakazela ukuzuzisa izimpendulo ezisheshayo ku-Covid19. Izinkulungwane zabenzi emhlabeni wonke ziqale ukusebenzisa amaphrinta abo we-3D nabasiki be-laser ukukhiqiza izihlangu zobuso njengeminikelo ezibhedlela nasezindaweni zokunakekela emhlabeni wonke, zisekelwa ngabakhiqizi bemishini edingekayo:Imininingwane yomphakathi Idizayini ye-3D Electronics / Design CodeI-DIY Bio ne-Community BiotechnologyNgaphezu kwezinselelo zokusebenzisa amathuluzi okucwaninga edijithali, abacwaningi base-Afrika bavame ukubhekana nokushoda kwemishini yokucwaninga okwenziwe ngomzimba. I-DIYBio kanye ne-Biotechnology Yomphakathi inikezela ngendlela ekhulayo yokwenziwa kocwaningo yokuthi izibonelelo zivula isayensi nobuchwepheshe obuvulekile bokuqhuba ucwaningo nentuthuko. Le nhlangano eyandayo yomphakathi ibalulekile ukuvula imiphumela yokucwaninga ivela e-Afrika ngenkathi kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo okusimeme. Imizamo evela emaqenjini ocwaningo afana ne-Open Bioeconomy Lab nezindawo zayo ezise-Afrika, i-Hive Biolab, ithuthukisa ikhithi yamathuluzi ocwaningo evulekile ukunika amandla amalebhu ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wezinsizakalo kanye namalebula e-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Latin America ukukhiqiza kwasendaweni ama-enitics ocwaningo afana nama-enzyme ezinamandla okuhlolela igciwane le-SARS-CoV 2.Ukuphathwa Kwemininingwane YocwaningoUkuphathwa kwemininingwane ye-COVID-19 kuyisihloko somhlaba jikelele, futhi sekubone izinhlangano eziningi zedatha ezinomthelela, njenge-Research Data Alliance (RDA) zakha amaqembu asebenzayo ukucacisa imikhuba yokuphathwa kwedatha (i-RDM). Le mikhuba ye-RDM ibheka imigomo ye-FAIR ne-CARE, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi amalungu ase-Afrika alezi zinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba azibandakanye kulezi zingxoxo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga aqhamukayo nemikhuba ekhombisa imininingwane ekhiqizwa e-Afrika.Ukugqugquzela ukubandakanyeka kwabacwaningi base-Afrika ezingxoxweni ze-RDM kuzonikeza ithuba elibanzi lokuhlola imikhuba ye-RDM yamanje, ukuqeqeshwa nokunikezwa kwengqalasizinda ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuvela kwemikhuba ye-RDM evumelana nemikhuba yamazwe omhlaba futhi ikhombise ubuqiniso bocwaningo e-Afrika. Izophinde ibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwedatha yesikhathi esizayo kanye nezingqalasizinda zokushicilela. ?Ukubhala Nokushicilelangokubambisana ngokubambisana Izikhumbuzo zezikhungo amaphephabhuku (OA), amapulatifomu wokushicilelaI-AfricArXiv, IAI / amakhosombe,essa-africa.org/AERD, DICAMES Ukucwaninga Okuvulekile kwe-AAS, I-AJOL, https://upverter.com/ https://easyeda.com/ https://library.io/ https://codebender.cc/ Isayensi yase-Afrika, Izingqondo Zase-Afrika2) I-Authorea, Ngaphezulu, I-GitHub Ukulungiselela kwe-OSFI-PeerJ UDAJ, academicjournals.org/journal, Uhlelo oluvulekile lwe-PKP's, Coko Foundation umkhiqizo suite, Vula Imiklomelo Yokushicilela, Janeane / I-PubPub, IsaziLed, Uhla lwemibhalo lwabezindaba oluholwa yizifundiswa3) -Google DocsQeios.com, ezemfundo.biz/Inqubo yokushicilela esheshayo (>>>)Ukucwaninga Nokuhlaziya Ukulondolozwa kombhalo nedatha evulekile yokufinyeleleka Ukubuyekezwa kontanga womphakathi womhlaba Ukushicilelwa kwezindabaUkuhlola nokuqoqa izincwadi zokucwaninga ezifanele nedatha,ucwaningo olusheshayo / olubi ngezimpawu, ubunzima begciwane, umthelela wezenhlalo nakwezomnotho wokuvalwahttps://github.com/dsfsi/covid19africa AfricArXiv, DICAMES, bioRXiv, medArXiv, preprints.org Ukubuka kabushaI-AJOL, Le grenier de Savoir, Amaphephabhuku ahlelwe ku-DOAJAmapulatifomu agxile kwe-Afrika kanye ne-Open Access efana ne-pan-African prerint repository AfricArXiv, i-Kenya-based Ukucwaninga Okuvulekile kwe-AAS iplatifomu kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziswe njengamazwe omhlaba, njenge-Open Science Framework (OSF), Preprints.org, biorXiv, medrXiv neScienceOpen / okulungiselela, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubuka kontanga ezigxile e-Afrika kodwa ezixhumene namazwe omhlaba, isb ngokujoyina ngokushesha amazwe omhlaba jikelele aqhutshwa ngokushesha imizamo yokusabela efana ne-Outfallak Science Rapid Prereview.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izikhungo zase-Afrika zincike kakhulu ekushicilelweni kwamaphepha abukezwe ontanga ukuvisisa ukusebenza kahle kocwaningo nokuchaza inqubo yokuphakanyiswa. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zokuhlola ziyaxoxwa emhlabeni wonke, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi zishintshe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sabaphenyi base-Afrika ukushicilela amaphepha abukezwe ontanga kumamagazini aqashelwa emazweni aphesheya kufanele sihlonishwe. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamamodeli wokushicilela amasha, njengokubuyekezwa kontanga okwenziwa ngeveli yokuqala ngamasevisi afana hypothes.is futhi peercommunityin.org, ingahlehlisa lolu shicilelo.Ukufinyelela, ukuHlola nokudluliswa kolwaziUkuzibandakanya komphakathi nesayensi yezakhamuzi Imiphakathi yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokubonisana1) Global Lab Network, Pollicy, Isayensi Yezokuxhumana Hub Nigeria, Ikhekhe leSayensi, Inethiwekhi ye-African Science Literacy Network, Ngaphansi kweMicroscope Ikhodi ye-Afrika, i-AfricaOSH, i-Vilsquare, idatha evulekile yase-Afrika, EthLagos.io, Inethiwekhi ye-Open Science and Hardware Network (OSHNet), STICLab, Labs Robotch2) I-ORCID Ukubuthanela i-Open Science Hardware (GOSH)Isibalo esincane, kodwa esandayo, sezinhlelo ze-Citizen Science kanye namanethiwekhi ezwenikazi nazo zinikeza indlela yokusabalalisa ulwazi. Ukuzibandakanya kwabo kungatholakala ngokubeka amaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwayo, njengokugcina izakhamizi zinolwazi ngezilimi eziningi ngokwabelana ngemiyalezo ehunyushiwe eguquguqukayo kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi omphakathi (Bezuidenhout et al, 2020).Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi kanye nobuntatheli besayensi kuyinsimu encane, kodwa evelayo ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika. Yize zisekhona izinselelo ezihambisana nokufunda kancane kwesayensi kanye nokuntuleka okungokomlando kokuzibandakanya phakathi kwezemfundo nomphakathi, kube nezinguquko eziningi ezisanda kwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi abacwaningi baqhubeke nokuzibandakanya nomphakathi ukuvikela ulwazi olungelona iqiniso futhi bahlinzeke ngolwazi olusha mayelana nocwaningo lwasekhaya nolwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisana nezintatheli zase-Afrika ukwenza ngcono ukufinyelela komphakathi ocwaningweni.Ukufinyelela kuzo zonke izakhamizi kudinga ukubhekelelwa kokuhluka kwezilimi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zobuntatheli njengoba kubhekwe yi-African Science Literacy Network eNigeria, isb ngokuthumela imiyalezo nokusabalalisa imininingwane ebalulekile njengoba kuhlinzekwe yi-WHO ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi, njengoba kusikiselwe yiBezuidenhout, McNaughton kanye ne-Bemann ( I-2020) noma i-Artificial Intelligence (AI) isondela njenge "Hlanza izandla zakho" ngezilimi ezingama-500.Ukwenza ngcono ukubonakala kocwaningo lwase-AfrikaUkusebenzisana kuyinto esemqoka ekuxhumaneni kwesayensi nokucwaninga. Ukugeleza kolwazi kufanele kube okuthembekile ukwakha ucwaningo oluzinzile kanye nengqalasizinda yezifundo. Ukuxhumanisa ucwaningo kusebenza kumapulatifomu ocwaningo ahlukene kuchazwa ukusebenzisana futhi kusekela ukutholakala kuyo yonke imikhakha, imingcele nesikhathi.Uhla lwezinhlangano ezahlukene zase-Afrika seluvele lubambe iqhaza ngalezi zinkinga. Ikakhulu, izikhungo zokucwaninga ezisebenzisa idatha / ukusebenza okuphezulu (njenge-DIRISA eNingizimu Afrika) zithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obukhulu ekwabelaneni ngemininingwane nezinkundla zokusebenzelana ezisebenzisanayo. Izikhungo ezinjalo zisekelwa yimali nobungcweti bukazwelonke kanye namazwe omhlaba, futhi zibonisa izinsiza ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ye-Open Science e-Afrika.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano eziningi ezizimele, ezinjengeAfroArXiv kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezingaphambi kwephrinta nazo zisiza imizamo yokwenza lula ukwabiwa kolwazi kuzingxenyekazi zonke. Ngokuxhaswa ngabalingani benethiwekhi ye-Africa Open Finyelela, i-AfricArXiv ihlinzeka ngemithombo ebalulekile yabaphenyi base-Afrika. Kusuka ekuqinisekisweni kwe-ORCID nemvume yokufunda umnikelo wabacwaningi ekusatshalalisweni kwamanye amapulatifomu neziteshi njengeZenodo ngayinye.Ukwakha amandla nokuqeqeshwaAbaphenyi Abasebenzi bezokwelaphaIwebhusayithi ye-CDC Africa COVOD-19 yokuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha: https://vimeo.com/401111213/a4f2ac2720Indlela yokusabalala kwesifo esiwumqedazwe we-COVID-19 esaqala eChina, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sadlula e-Europe nase-United States, sivumele ukwenziwa ngcono kwezivivinyo zokutholwa, kanye nokunyuka kwezinhlelo eziningi zokucwaninga ze-COVID-19, kanye nesikhathi esinikezwe sona izwekazi lase-Afrika ukulungiselela impendulo yalo. Abaphenyi baseziyunivesithi nabazimele emazweni asebehlaselwe kakhulu yilolu bhubhane sebeqalile ukwakha izindlela ezivikela leli gciwane ekuhlanganiseni amaseli womuntu, bahlonza inqwaba yezidakamizwa ezikhona ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, futhi bahlola ukusebenza kahle kwama-antibodies aqoqwe ezigulini eziseluleme kusuka ekuthelelekeni kwe-coronavirus, phakathi kweminye imizamo eminingi.Ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba nososayensi base-Afrika kulokhu kufinyeleleka kubalulekile emizamweni yokunciphisa umonakalo wobhubhane kulelizwekazi, kuthuthukiswa izixazululo ezihambisana nesimo sendawo (isib. Izindleko eziphansi / ukuhlolwa kweselula), futhi zibaluleke kakhulu zicebise umsebenzi wontanga INyakatho Melika / iYurophu ngokuletha isethi yamakhono ehlukile, ubuchwepheshe kanye nesimo sengqondo kulo msebenzi. Izinhlangano ezinjengeSayensi ye-Afrika, eziqala futhi zisekele ukusebenzisana kwezocwaningo zamazwe omhlaba, zingenza imizamo yokwakha ngokushesha amandla okucwaninga e-COVID-19 ezwenikazi. Ngokuhlonza amaqembu ocwaningo emazweni ase-Afrika anamakhono, ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza lolu hlobo locwaningo, kanye nabalingani baseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu asevele esebenza kwizisombululo, inhlangano ingakwazi ukuhlangana-ngokubhekela uhlobo oluthile locwaningo, izidingo zokusebenzisana , nobuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe-bese uxhuma amaqembu ocwaningo ngosizo lweplatifomu eyenzakalelayo(Vula) Izinsizakusebenza ZemfundoSekuvele kunomlando omude webanga nokufunda online kwi-Afrika. Isibonelo, i-University of South Africa, eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1946, ngesinye sezikhungo ezindala kakhulu nezinkulu zokufunda amabanga emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo ezifana neSikhungo Sokuvuselela Ukufundisa Nokufunda eNyuvesi yaseKapa, ​​zinikezela ngobuchwepheshe obaziwa emhlabeni wonke ekufundeni kwedijithali. Imisebenzi efanayo ibanjwa izikhungo namapulatifomu kuzwelonke nakwlelinye izwekazi (https://oerafrica.org/). Ukwenza amamephu akhona kulezi zindawo kuzonikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile zokwanda kwe-OER e-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqoqa imibhalo yezeluleko zokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okufunda we-OER / edijithali kuzilungiselelo ezinezinsizakusebenza ezinamandla aphansi (njengeyodwa yi-UCT) kuzonikezela ngemithombo elusizo.I-LeLe Africa Africa Report 2019 ibala amazwe angama-55 ase-Afrika anezibonelo namakhono e-ICT kwezemfundo (amaphrofayli ezwe), amaningi awo angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba komsebenzi wokucwaninga kusuka ekuthuthukisweni kweprojekthi kuya ekushicilelweni kwemiphumela (i-Elletson neStromeyer, ka-2019).Ukuzinza kwezezimaliUkulungiselela imali esheshayoUkuze sikwazi ukwenza lula ukuvela kwengqalasizinda evulekile yokuphendula kwe-COVID-19, kubalulekile ukuthi imali itholakale ukulungiselela ukusebenzisana. Kunezindlela eziningi lapho lezi zimali zingatholwa, kubandakanya:Hlanganisa imisebenzi edlulayoKhomba amaphrojekthi wamanje nabaxhasi abasebenzayo ababheka ukuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda (bese ufaka imininingwane evulekile)Curate uhlu lwezingcingo ezivulekile zokusebenzelana nazoSondela kuhulumeni nabaxhasi bezwe / nohulumeni ngqoUkuqina kwezimali zesikhathi esideUkuhlanganiswa kwengqalasizinda evulekile e-Afrika kuzoba nezinzuzo zocwaningo lwase-Afrika kude kakhulu nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezimali zesikhathi eside ukusekela ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo eziphuma kule nkinga ekhona njengamanje, kuzobaluleka. Izinkinga okufanele zibhekwe kuzoba:Hlanganisa ubufakazi ekuxhumaniseni okwenziwe nge-COVID-19 kanye nomthelela walezi zingqalasizinda ezivulekileQhubeka nokukhuthaza ubuncane obungenalutho be-1% GDP yocwaningo oluvela kohulumeni bezwe, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukubeka imali okuqhubekayo ngokuqinile kwengqalasizinda yocwaningo kusengaphambiliHlaziya ngokucophelela izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zokwabelana ngedatha nokucwaninga ukuze wenze ushintsho oluzoxhasa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda evulekileBambisana nemikhandlu yezimali yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingqalasizinda ze-Open Science zisezinhlelweni zazoCela ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba kusuka emphakathini we-Open Science womhlaba jikeleleKhomba amamodeli wokuxhasa ngezimali, noma amamodeli webhizinisi asebenzayo futhi asebenzayo nomphakathi wokucwaninga wase-Afrika. Siphakamisa imodeli yezezimali esobala nehlanganisiwe, ehlanganisa:i-pan-African: African Union, AfDB,…Ohulumeni bezwe base-Afrika (Izinkonzo zeR & E)imiphakathi yezwe yocwaningo efana ne-ASSAf (SA) ne-SRF (eSudan)Izisekelo zase-Afrika ezinjengoMandela / Mo Ibrahim /…Ixhaswe ukusekelwa komhlaba wonke nge-B&M Gates Foundation, iChan-Zuckerberg Initiative, iMozilla Foundation, iSloan Foundation, njll.I-USAID; Izinhlangano ezixhasa ngezimali zase-Europe: (UK) Wellcome Trust; (GER) DFG, Max Planck / Leibniz / Helmholtz Society, DAAD; (FR) CNRS; (SWE) SIDAIzinsizakalo zezeSayensi: ukuhumusha, iSayensi Ukuxhumana nomphakathi uwonke (yenza lula isayensi yezemfundo), ukuqeqeshwa ngokwakha amakhono kososayensi, ECR kanye nabafundi // okhokhela leyonkonzo enjani?Ukulinganiselwa nezinseleleIzingxoxo zokuxhaswa kwezimali zesikhathi eside zezingqalasizinda ze-Open Science zidinga ukucaciswa ngokuthe ngqo mayelana nokuthi ngubani ozuzayo kwimiphumela yocwaningo olwabiwe ekuqaleni kwenqubo, nokuthi yini amafomethi avumela lokhu. Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwakhiwa kabusha kohlelo lwezezimali lokuthi ngubani okhokhela lokho futhi nini. Izincwadi ezifundwayo nokugcinwa kwedatha kufanele kube yingxenye yenqubo yokucwaninga; kepha ngubani okhokhela ukusebenza / ukuphatha, ukwabiwa kwe-DOI, ukusingathwa kwedatha njll. kuliphi izinga kwinqubo?Qaphela amazwe agunyaziwe nokuthi kungaba namthelela muni ezweni lakucwaningo lukazwelonke: Bezuidenhout et al (2019). Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana okuthembekile, okungabizi, okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi kusadonsa inselelo enkulu kunoma yimiphi imizamo yokusebenzisana kwe-inthanethi ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi lase-Afrika.Sifuna kwakhiwe ubudlelwano kanye nokubambisana ezwenikazi lonke kanye nokusekelwa komhlaba wonke okuvela kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba kanye namazwe anikela.I-Adegbeye OT, (2020). Kungani ukuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo kungasisebenzisi. Umbhali (NG)Izimiso Zase-Afrika Zokuxhumana Nge-OA Scholarly: info.africarxiv.org/african-oa-princepts/Ipulatifomu yesayensi evulekile yase-Afrika - africanopenscience.org.zaI-Abukutsa-Onyango, Mary O. (2019). Amava ku-Open Research & Education for Sustainable Development in Africa. UZenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3582532I-Ayebare R, i-Waitt P, u-Okello S et al. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okulinganisayo kokulungiselela kwe-Ebola kwe-COVID-19 eSub-Saharan Africa [inguqulo 1; Ukubuyekezwa kontanga: kulindwe ukubuyekezwa kontanga]. I-AAS Open Res 2020, 3: 3 (https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13052.1)Ahinon et al. (2019). Imikhombandlela yolwazi ehlukahlukene yemfundo ehlukahlukene evela ne-Afrika: ukuhlola indawo yokuqala eyi-AfricArXiv. eLearning Africa News Portal. Kuyatholakala kusuka ela-newsportal.com/multi-directional-academic-nownow-exchange-from-and-about-africa-exploring-the-preprint-repository-africarxiv/U-Akligoh, uHarry, uHasmmann, uJo, uRaprepo, uMartin, no-Obanda, uJohanssen. (2020). Ukwenza amamephu impendulo ye-COVID-19 yomhlaba wonke: kusuka ezinsizeni kuya kohulumeni [Isethi yedatha]. UZenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732377IBezuidenhout, uLouise, uHasmmann, uJo, Ikhishi, uStephanie, uDe Mutiis, u-Anna, no-Owango, uJoy. (2020). Amarekhodi Wokucwaninga Kwama-Dijithali wase-Afrika: Ukwenza Imephu Yokubamba Izwe [iprinta]. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732274I-Bezuidenhout L, Karrar O, Lezaun J, Nobes A (2019) unswinyo lwezeMnotho kanye nezezemfundo: Umthelela okweqile nemiphumela yesikhathi eside. I-PLoS ONE 14 (10): e0222669. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222669IBezuidenhout L, McNaughton A & Havemann J (2020, Mashi 26). Amavidiyo amaningi Olwazi e-COVID-19. UZenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727534UBoudry C, Alvarez-Muñoz P, Arencibia-Jorge R, Ayena D, Brouwer NJ, Chaudhuri Z, Chawner B, Epee E, Erraïs K, Fotouhi A, Gharaibeh AM, uHasanein DH, uHerwig-Carl MC, uHoward K, Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D, Laughrea P, Lopez FA, Machin-Mastromatteo JD, Malerbi FK, Ndiaye PA, Noor NA, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Papastefanou VP, Shah M, Shields CL, Wang YX, Yartsev V, Mouriaux F. 2019. Ukungalingani emhlabeni jikelele ekufinyeleleni imibhalo ephelele yesayensi: isibonelo se-ophthalmology. I-PeerJ 7: e7850 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7850I-Cárdenas, OVL (2019) I-Technosocial bootstrapping yesikhathi esizayo se-solarpunk ye / kusuka eGlobal South. mutabit.comU-Elletson, H. no Stromeyer, R. (eds) 2019. I-eLearning Africa Report 2019, eLearning Africa / ICWE: Germany. Kuyatholakala kusuka https://elearning-africa.com/media_publications_report_2019.phpUKramer, uBianca, noBosman, uJeroben. (2018, Januwari). Uthingo lwemikhuba evulekile yesayensi. UZenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1147025Maia Chagas, A .; UMolloy, J .; I-Prieto Godino, L .; I-Baden, T. Leveraging Vula i-Hardware Yokuqeda i-Burden ye-COVID-19 ku-Global Health Systems. Preprints 2020, 2020030362 doi: 10.20944 / preprints202003.0362.v1.McPhee, C., Schillo, RS, Earl, L., & Kinder, J. 2018. Isihleli: Ukuhlanganiswa Okusha Kumazwe Athuthukile. I-Technology Innovation Management Ukubuyekezwa, 8 (2) 3-6. http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1134UPoynder, R (Okthoba 31, 2019, Izingxoxo Ne-OA: K. Vijay Raghavan, Umeluleki Oyisayensi Oyinhloko, Uhulumeni waseNdiya. poynder.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-oa-interviews-k-vijayraghavan.htmlIzimiso Zokufinyelela Okuvulekile Kwezemfundo: https://info.africarxiv.org/african-principles-for-open-access-in-scholarly-communication/USmith I (2019). I-DoAJ Guest Post: Ukubuka konke izwe lase-Afrika OA kugxile ekushicileleni okuyisazi. I-Blog.doaj.orgTennant, JP; I-Crane, H .; Crick, T .; UDavila, J .; I-Enkhbayar, A .; I-Hadmann, J .; I-Kramer, B .; UMartin, R .; Masuzzo, P .; Nobes, A .; Ilayisi, C .; URivera-López, B .; URoss-Hellauer, T .; I-Sattler, S .; I-Thacker, PD; UVanholsbeeck, M. (2019) Izihloko Eziyishumi Ezivuthayo ezungeze iScholarly Publishing. Ukushicilelwa 2019, 7, 34. doi.org/10.3390/izinhlangano7020034Isithasiselo: Izinhlangano nezinsiza zedijithaliIzinhlangano zase-Afrika kanye nezangezona ezase-Afrika kanye nezinsizakalo zedijithali njengoba kushiwo kulo mbhalo. Ukuze uthole inguqulo enwetshiwe yaleli tafula iya https://tinyurl.com/sfbb6xnInhlangano i-url izweUhlelo Lokulwelwa Kwezingqalasizinda zase-Afrika http://infrastructureafrica.opendataforafrica.org/ I-Pan-AfricanI-African Development Bank (AfDB) https://www.afdb.org/en TunisiaI-African Information HIghway Portal http://dataportal.opendataforafrica.org/ I-PanAfricanAmajenali ase-Afrika kwi-Intanethi (AJOL) https://www.ajol.info/ Iningizimu AfrikaIdatha Evulekile yase-Afrika https://africaopendata.net/ GhanaInethiwekhi ye-African Science Literacy Network https://www.africanscilit.org/ NigeriaI-AfricaOSH http://africaosh.com/ GhanaI-AfricArXiv http://info.africarxiv.org/ pan-AfricanAma-AfriLabs https://www.afrilabs.com/ NigeriaUkucinga kwe-BASE https://base-search.net/about/en/contact.php I-GlobaIkhekhe leSayensi http://www.rouleauxfoundation.org/cafe-sci/ ENigeria | Umhlaba jikeleleKunakekelwa https://www.careables.org/ I-EU | Emhlabeni jikeleleIkhodi ye-Afrika https://github.com/CodeForAfrica/ KenyaIdatha https://dataverse.org/ USAI-Figube https://figshare.com/ London | E-USAUGephi https://gephi.org/ GlobalUkubuthwa Kwe-Global Innovation (GIG) https://www.globalinnovationgathering.org/ EJalimane | Emhlabeni jikelele-Google Scholar https://scholar.google.com/ GlobalInethiwekhi yeHub Ethinta https://impacthub.net/ AustriaINASP https://www.inasp.info/ i-United KingdomInethiwekhi yeJokkolabs https://www.jokkolabs.net/ FranceIlebhu eyodwa nje ye-Giant (JOGL) https://jogl.io IFrance | Emhlabeni jikeleleI-MboaLab https://www.mboalab.africa CameroonUkuthuthukiswa https://www.mendeley.com/ i-United KingdomI-Oceanprotocol.com https://oceanprotocol.com/ SingaporeOER Africa https://www.oerafrica.org/ Iningizimu AfrikaVula i-Afrika https://africaopendata.org/ KenyaVula Ulwazi Lamamephu https://openknowledgemaps.org/ AustriaInethiwekhi evulekile yesayensi kanye ne-Hardware (OSHNet) http://www.oshnet.africa Tanzaniavula i-Afrika https://open.africa/ Iningizimu AfrikaI-ORCID http://orcid.org/ USAUhlaka lweSayensi evulekile (i-OSF) http://OSF.io USAIphepha lephepha http://Paperhive.org GermanyI-PeerCommunityIn https://ecology.peercommunityin.org/ FrancePollicy http://pollicy.org I-Pan-AfricanUkubuka kabusha https://www.prereview.org/ USAAmaphrothokholi.io https://www.protocols.io/ USAUkulungiswa kabusha https://refigure.org/ GlobalInethiwekhi ye-RLabs https://rlabs.org Iningizimu AfrikaLabs eRobotech http://www.robotech.co.tz TanzaniaIsayensi Yezokuxhumana Isayensi http://www.SciComNigeria.org NigeriaIsayensiOpen https://www.scienceopen.com/ USAI-SciLit https://www.scilit.net/ SwitzerlandI-TCC Africa https://www.tcc-africa.org/ KenyaAmaLambu https://www.lens.org/ AustraliaNgaphansi kweMicroscope https://www.underthemicroscope.net/ KenyaI-Vilsquare https://vilsquare.org/ NigeriaI-Zotero http://zotero.org/ USACategories:	Covid-19Vula UkufinyelelaBhekisiswa ontangaIsandulelo
