UMSHADO IZICI ZOMTHETHOUkulivuma iphuthaUkuthenga Nokudayisa Indlu Buying and Selling a HouseuMthetho Wokuvikela Abathengi Consumer Protection ActAmafa Ashiywe Asebeshonile Deceased EstatesUmthetho Wezabasebenzi Labour LawUmshado MarriageiSikhwama Sezingozi Zomgwaqo Road Accident FundLeInkantolo Yemibango Yezimali Ezincane Small Claims CourtIzimvume Zokungena Emazweni VisasLegislation 250 Acts LegalServe - electronic service Juta Law - new releasesUMSHADO: IZICI ZOMTHETHOUmthetho 88 ka-1984 Wempahla YasemshadweniKungakhathalekile ukuthi usushadile kakade noma uhlose ukushada maduzane, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lo mthetho uyithinta ngokuqondile impahla yakho. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukuba uyifunde ngokucophelela.Le ncwajana ibeka ngamafuphi izici ezisemqoka zalo mthetho. Uyakhuthazwa ukuba ubonane nommeli wakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi impahla yakho ivikeleke ngokufanele.Imishado eyabhaliswa ngaphambi kukaNovemba 1, 1984Uma ngesikhathi ushada ungazange usayine isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado, kusho ukuthi ushade umshado wokuhlanganyela impahla, kodwa wena noshade naye ningafaka isicelo ngokubambisana eNkantolo Ephakeme noma nini sokushintshela umshado wenu kunoma imuphi wemishado yokuhlukanisa impahla futhi nenze ukuba kusebenze isimiso sokuqongelela impahla emshadweni wenu. Nokho lokhu kuhambelana nezimfuneko ezithile.Uma ushade umshado wokuhlukanisa impahla (nasayina isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado) usengashintshela emshadweni wokuhlanganyela impahla. Nalapha futhi kumele nifake isicelo ngokubambisana eNkantolo Ephakeme.Ummeli wakho uyokunika ukwaziswa okuphelele ngezimfuneko zalokhu.Imishado eyabhaliswa ngemuva kuka-1 Novemba 1984Inqubo yokusingatha impahla yasemshadweni oyikhethayo iyoba nomthelela ekusaseni lakho lezimali nasesimweni sempahla yakho.Kumele ukhethe ngolwazi. Okukhethayo kuyonquma ukuthi unamaphi amalungelo ngempahla ngesikhathi usashadile, nalapho umshado uphela, okungaba ngokufa noma ngesahlukaniso.Yikuphi ongakhetha kukho?Umshado wokuhlanganyela impahla noma wokuhlukanisa impahla.Owokuhlukanisa impahla: kanye nesimiso sokuqongelela impahla noma ngaphandle kwaso.Isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado esivumelana nezidingo zakho kanye nesimiso sokuqongelela impahla noma ngaphandle kwaso.Iziphi izinyathelo ozilandelayo ukuze kusebenze inqubo ethile emshadweni wakho?Ukuhlanganyela impahla kusebenza lapho ushada ungazange usayine isivumelwano sokuhlukanisa impahla. Inqubo yokuqongelela impahla isebenza uma ushada umshado wokuhlukanisa impahla ngokwesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado kodwa ungacacisanga ukuthi asisebenzi isimiso sokuqongelela impahla. Izibonelo zemibandela ecacisa isimiso sokuqongelela impahla yilezi:okuqongelelwe ngeke kuhlukaniswe 50/50 kodwa ngesinye isilinganiso; noma ukuthi isimiso sokuqongelela impahla ngeke sisebenze uma umshado uphela ngesahlukaniso noma uma omunye kwabashadile engasenamali lapho umshado uphela.Kungabekwa noma imiphi eminye imibandela esivumelwaneni sakho sangaphambi komshado, uma nje ingangqubuzani nemithetho kahulumeni noma yokuziphatha.ILUPHI UHLOBO LOMSHADO OLUNGCONO?Alukho uhlobo olulodwa olubalungele bonke abantu abashadayo. Kuya ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye nangezimo zalabo bantu abashadayo. Xoxani nommeli wenu, ngokwahlukana uma nithanda. Sebenzisani izingqondo hhayi izinhliziyo.Umshado wokuhlanganyela impahlaBobabili abashadile bangabanikazi bempahla ngokulinganayo ngokunjalo nezikweleti.Bobabili banegunya elilinganayo ekuphatheni impahla futhi bobabili (ngaphandle kwasezimweni ezithile) bangenza izinqumo ngaphandle kokuthinta omunye.Kudingeka imvume ebhalwe yibo bobabili abashadile lapho kuthengiswa impahla engathutheki, kwenziwa izibambiso, nalapho kuthathwa izikweleti. Kudingeka imvume yomlomo yabo bobabili abashadile lapho kuthengiswa impahla yasekhaya ehlanganyelwayo, njengempahla yasendlini.Ayidingeki imvume lapho kuthinteke umsebenzi wezandla, ibhizinisi noma umsebenzi ofundelwe.Lo mthetho uyabavikela abashadile uma omunye enza ngendlela embandlululayo omunye.Okuhle ngalolu hlobo lomshadoLolu hlobo lusekelwe esimisweni esinengqondo: ukuthi umshado uwukubambisana, futhi ngaleso sizathu lungabangela ubuhlobo obunokuzwana.Lukhuthaza ukulingana kwabantu abashadile ngokwezomthetho nangokwezomnotho. Ngesikhathi kushadiwe nalapho usuphela, bobabili abashadile bathola ingxenye yakho konke abanakho futhi banegunya elilinganayo lokusingatha impahla.Okubi ngalolu hlobo lomshadoUkuphelelwa yizimali koyedwa kuyithinta yonke impahla ehlanganyelwayo. Lapho kungenzeka kube nokuphelelwa izimali, lolu hlobo lomshado alutuseki. Lapho omunye noma bobabili engasavumi ukubambisana, isimiso segunya elilinganayo singabangela ukungezwani emshadweni.Umshado wokuhlukanisa impahla okuhambelana nesimiso sokuqongelelaNgesikhathi kushadiwe ngamunye uyazilawulela impahla yakhe, azikhulisele impahla yakhe futhi izikweleti zomunye azimthinti omunye.Lapho umshado uphela, kungaba ngokufa noma ngesahlukaniso, inani lempahla etholakale ngesikhathi sekushadiwe (okuqongelelwe) liyohlukaniswa ngokulinganayo. Inani lokutholakele sekushadiwe litholakala ngokubala ingqikithi yenani lempahla yomuntu ngamunye bese kususwa inani okwaqalwa kulo esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komshado kucatshangelwe ukwenyuka kwentengo, izikweleti, noma iyiphi impahla engabalwanga esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komshado, amademeshe, amafa nezipho. Lapho umshado uphela kube sekuhlukaniswa ngokulinganayo umehluko phakathi kwalokho okuqongelelwe kwempahla yabo bobabili.Lo mthetho wenza ngamunye kwabashadile akwazi ukuthola okuthile kokuqongelelwe lapho umshado uphela.Isimiso sokuqongelelwe siyindlela yesimanje enokulinganisa futhi singadala ukuzwana emshadweni.Ngesikhathi kushadiwe, ilungelo lomuntu ngamunye lokusingatha impahla yakhe alibekelwa mingcele nangayiphi indlela, uma nje engekho oyolimaza ilungelo lomunye lokuthola okuthile kokuqongelelwe.Lapho usekhona umshado, lesi simiso siymvikela omunye, ngokwesibonelo, ekuphelelweni yizimali komunye kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho uphela umshado bobabili bathola izingxenye ezilinganayo zokuqongelelwe.Okungase kube kubi, ikakhulukazi kulowo ocebile kunomunye, kungaba ukuthi abe nomuzwa wokuthi akakhululekile ngempela ukusingatha impahla yakhe njengoba indoda yakhe noma umfazi wakhe ongacebile kangangaye engase afake isicelo enkantolo sokuba okuqongelelwe ndawonye kuhlukaniswe masinyane ngoba ecabanga ukuthi isinyathelo esithile esenziwe ocebile singase silimaze ilungelo lakhe lokuthola okuthile kokuqongelelwe. Lokhu kungadala ukungezwani.Okunye okubi ngesimiso sokuqongelelwe ukuthi abashadile abasizakali ngokufaneleka komunye ukunikwa isikweleti, okungadala ukuba umfazi ongasebenzi abe nelungelo elincane lokunikwa isikweleti ngesikhathi esashadile uma impahla yakhe incane.Khumbula: Uma ungafuni ukuba sisebenze lesi simiso sokuqongelelwe, lokho kumele kushiwo ngokucacile esivumelwaneni sangaphambi komshado.Umshado wokuhlukanisa impahla ngaphandle kwesimiso sokuqongelelaUngacela ummeli wakho akubhalele isivumelwano sangaphambi komshado esivumelana nezimo zakho.Isivumelwano esinjalo situseka uma:bobabili abashadile bengosomabhizinisi abahola imali enkulu kakhulu futhi behlose ukungabi nabo abantwana; ifa lezingane lingase lithinteke emshadweni wesibili noma kwelandelayo.Kulezi zimo kutuswa ukuba ngamunye azitholele iseluleko sommeli eyedwa, ikakhulukazi owesifazane, yena okungenzeka kuphele isikhathi eside engasebenzi ngenxa yezibopho zakhe zasekhaya, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi impahla yomuntu ngamunye ivikeleke ngokufanele.Lapho umshado uphela akekho ofuna okuthile empahleni yomunye.Imishado yesikoUmshado wesiko uqhutshwa ngokuvumelana namasiko agcinwa ngabomdabu base-Afrika abahlala eNingizimu Afrika futhi akha isiko lalabo bantu. Umshado wesiko uqashelwa uma uhambisana nemibandela ebekwe yi-Customary Marriages Act 120 ka-1998. Uma kungumshado wokuqala, ngakho kungumshado wokuhlanganyela impahla ngokuvumelana nezingxenye ezithintekayo zoMthetho Wempahla Yasemshadweni (Matrimonial Property Act, 1984).IsahlukanisoUmthetho uyamvikela umuntu owashada umshado wokuhlukanisa impahla ngaphambi kuka 1 Novemba 1984 okungenzeka athole ukuthi ashade naye uzakhele ingcebo enkulu ngempahla evela kuye ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile. Inkantolo inelungelo lokumnika enye yaleyo mpahla uma inkantolo ibona kulungile.Izipho abaphana zona abashadile akunakwenzeka zibuyiselwe emuva. Nokho lezo zipho zisayolokhu zingaphansi kwemibandela yoMthetho Wokuphelelwa Yizimali (Insolvency Act) noMthetho Wentela (Income Tax Act).IzimfunoNgaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umfazi nendoda bayoba nelungelo lokufuna okuthile komunye nomunye ngisho noma beshade ngokuhlanganyela impahla, njengasendabeni yezingozi zemoto.Izimfuneko zasekhayaAbantu abashada ngesimiso sokuqongelelwa kwempahla noma abavumelana ngokuthi impahla yabo iyohlukaniswa ngokuphelele, kumele bobabili bafake isandla ezidingweni zomuzi, kuye ngobangako bempahla yomuntu ngamunye. Ngokuqondene nemishado eyabhaliswa ngemuva kuka Novemba 1, 1984, lapho omunye efaka isandla ngaphezu kobungako bempahla yakhe, uyokwazi ukufuna ukubuyiselwa lokho adlulise ngakho kuphela, uma lokhu kwakuvunyelwene ngakho ngokucacile kusengaphambilini.Ukuhlelela ifaUmmeli wakho uyokunikeza ukwaziswa okudingekile.
