I-Meldonium ": imiyalo yokusebenzisa, ukubuyekezwa, i-analogues > Ukwelashwa nokuvimbelaI-Mildronate - yini ekusizayo nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani?Izinkinga ohlelweni lwenhliziyo zivame ukuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isiguli ngeke siphile impilo ephelele. Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukufuphala, kanye nokuqwasha. Ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe angeke akwenze. Udokotela unquma umuthi ozosiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sesiguli. Imiphumela emihle ikhonjiswa umuthi "Meldonium". Imiyalo esetshenziswayo ichaza ukuthi uwuthatha kanjani umuthi ngendlela efanele.Uhlobo lokukhululwa komuthi nokwakheka kwawoUmuthi ukhishwa ngendlela yamakhompiyutha nesixazululo. Kukhona futhi elinye igama - emakhemisi uvame ukuthola amaphilisi e-Mildronate. Leli thuluzi linokwakheka okufanayo futhi lingasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Isithako esikhulu esisebenzayo yi-meldonium dihydrate. I-Colloidal silicon dioxide, isitashi samazambane, kanye ne-calcium stearate asetshenziswa njengezinto ezisizayo emaphaketheni. Kulesixazululo, amanzi ahlanziwe akhona ngokungeziwe.Ngemuva kokuphathwa ngomlomo, amaphilisi atshalwa ngokushesha aphuma emgudwini wesisu. I-bioavailability ephezulu yi-78% futhi itholakala emahoreni ambalwa. Isithako esikhulu esisebenzayo sikhishwa cishe ngokuphelele yizinso ngemuva kwamahora ayi-6 ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi.Kungaba yingxenye yokwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi ekwelashweni kwezidakamizwa zenhliziyo ezi-coronary "Meldonium". Intengo yamaphilisi ingaphansi kancane kunenkokhelo yesisombululo, ngakho-ke imvamisa inketho yokuqala enqunyelwe. Abantu abanenkinga yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo baphuza umuthi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile. Ngabe umuthi "Meldonium" kanjani? Amathebulethi athuthukisa inhlala-kahle yesiguli, akhuphule ukusebenza kwakhe.Akuwona wonke umuntu ongabekwa lesi sidakamizwa "Meldonium". Imiyalo esetshenzisiwe ikhombisa ukuthi umuthi ungaba yingozi kubantu abanekucindezela okwanda kwe-intracranial. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umkhiqizo, kufanelekile ukubonana nodokotela. Abantu abahlushwa yizifo ezinkulu zesistimu yezinhliziyo, kungakuhle ukuthi uphuthunyiswe esibhedlela.Umuthi "Mildronate" ("Meldonium") awunqunyelwe iziguli ezincane. Abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa kufanele futhi benqabe ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo. Isithako esiyisisekelo esisebenzayo kungaholela ekubukekeni kokungahambi kahle ekwenziweni kwesibeletho.Bonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha iMeldonium. Amakhompiyutha anikezwa ngokuqapha ezigulini ezinenkinga yokuhluleka kwezinso. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uyohlolwa udokotela. Umuthi awusiwo umuthi wokuqala kulashwa i-acute coronary syndrome. Amaphilisi noma isixazululo angafakwa kuphela ekwelapheni okuyinkimbinkimbi.I-Meldonium dihydrate ayithinti impendulo yomqondo womuntu. Umuthi ungasetshenziswa ngabantu abasebenza umsebenzi wabo ohambisana nokuphathwa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi.Umuthi "Meldonium" kumele usetshenziswe kahle. Imiyalo yokusebenzisa isetshenziswa ikhombisa ukuthi umuthi ungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezimpendulo ezijabulisayo. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi kuthathwe ekuseni. Isimo sansuku zonke sisethwa ngokuhlukile, kususelwa kwifomu lesifo sesiguli, kanye nezimpawu zalo. Umthamo owodwa lapho uthathwe ngomlomo akufanele udlule igramu eyi-1. Ukuphindaphindeka kokwamukela kuncike ebufakazini. Ngokuphathwa kwe-intravenous kwekhambi, umthamo owodwa ngu-0.5 g. Umuthi okuleli fomu awusetshenziswa ukwedlula kabili ngosuku.Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engabangelwa amaphilisi e-Meldonium? Imiyalo esetshenzisiwe ichaza izimpawu ezingaba khona kakhulu uma unatha umuthi ngamanani amakhulu. Engxenyeni yesistimu yenhliziyo, iziguli zingakha i-tachycardia, futhi izinguquko ekucindezelweni kwegazi kokubili kuya ezansi zingabonakala. Kusukela ohlangothini lwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, imiphumela emibi ibonakaliswa ngendlela yovuko lwengqondo nolwemizwa, ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Iziguli zivame ukukhononda nge-migraines nesiyezi.Kwezinye izimo, kusabela okungezwani komzimba. Iziguli ezithambekele ekuqashweni kufanele ziphuze umuthi “iMeldonium” ngokuqapha. Ukubuyekezwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-hypersensitivity iboniswa ngokuyinhloko ngendlela ye-eczema kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhumba.Ngingayifaka kanjani esikhundleni se- "Meldonium"? Ukufana kwezidakamizwa kunganconywa kuphela uchwepheshe. Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, izidakamizwa eziningi ezinokwakheka okufana nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Isixazululo se-Idrinol siyathandwa. Kumakhemisi, ungathola nomuthi ngendlela yamaphilisi. Isithako esikhulu esisebenzayo yi-meldonium dihydrate. Njengezinto ezisizayo, kusetshenziswa amanzi we-magnesium, talc namanzi okuhlanziwe.Isixazululo seKardionat singenye umkhiqizo owaziwayo osuselwa kuma-meldonium osetshenziselwa ukusakazeka kwamandla kwezicubu ngokushesha. Umuthi usiza ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-oksijini ilethwa kuzo zonke izitho nezinqubo ngokushesha okukhulu. Isiguli siqala ukuzizwa singcono. Imiphumela emibi ikhula ngokuqabukela. Uma kwenzeka kweqa ngokweqile, i-tachycardia noma ushintsho ekucindezelweni kwegazi kungabonakala. Ukuphuza umuthi ngaphandle kokubonana nodokotela akunconywa.Iziguli ziqaphela ukuthi umuthi ukhombisa imiphumela emihle ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuwusebenzisa. I-bioavailability yesidakamizwa iphakeme impela. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni, isiguli sizwa ukuqina kwamandla namandla. Uma udla izidakamizwa kuleli qembu ngokufanele, imiphumela engemihle ayiveli. Akusikho nje ukuthi iMeldonium idumile namuhla.Kungashiwo ngaphandle kwehaba ukuthi awukho umuthi owodwa kuwo wonke umlando wesimanje 'okhuthazwe' kahle, ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani yokukhiqiza ayifakanga imali yokufaka umkhankaso wokukhangisa emhlabeni jikelele. Sikhuluma ngochungechunge lokudicilela phansi iziphikiso "emidlalweni enkulu" lapho i-meldonium (INN), njengoba ibizwa nje phesheya kwezilwandle, noma iMildronat, njengoba ibizwa eRussia (igama lokuhweba), okwakufanele isolwe ngayo.Konke kuqale ngoJanuwari 1 okokugcina, 2016. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-WADA (i-World Anti-Doping Agency) ingenisa i-meldonium, aka Mildronat, ohlwini lwezimali ezivinjelwe. Isizathu kwaba ukuthi umphumela we-cytoprotective and metabolic effect (kungathiwa) ungashintsha i-myocardium kangangoba inhliziyo iyaqina futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe, okuzokwenza ukuthi iphumelele, futhi ngenxa yalokho imali eningi.Umlando walesi sidakamizwa uthambekele impela. Yakhiwa kuqala i-SSR yaseLatvia yi-Ivars Kalvins, futhi ekuqaleni babefuna ukuyisebenzisa ukulahla izingxenye ezinobuthi ze-rocket fuel (dimethylhydrazine). Kepha lapho sifunda ubuthi balesi sidakamizwa ezilwaneni, imiphumela enjalo yatholakala ukuthi kusukela ngo-1976, isidakamizwa esibizwa ngokuthi iMildronate sibhalisiwe e-USSR, sabe sise-USA (kusukela ngo-1984).Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani, kepha e-USA lesi sidakamizwa "besingenangqondo": emuva ngawo-80s eminyaka edlule sasivinjelwe. Ezweni lethu, ukusetshenziswa kwamacwecwe e-Mildronate kwaqala kwezokwelapha, kwathi-ke, ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, kwaba isidakamizwa esasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhubeni ejwayelekile yezokwelapha.Izidakamizwa kanye nendlela yokusebenzaIsithombe se-Mildronate samaphilisi kanye nesisombululo semijovoUmuthi usebenza kumsipha wenhliziyo ngokusebenzisa umzimba wamafutha acid. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-oxididi emangqamuzaneni omzimba - ama-myocardiocytes - kuyancipha, futhi namandla we-oxidation wamahhala ayancipha. Imvamisa, zonke lezi zinto ziphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwe-ATP - i-molecule yendawo yonke - "ibhethri", enikeza wonke amaseli amandla.Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-myocardiocytes ayakwazi ukusebenzisa kangcono ushukela, futhi amandla okuhanjiswa kwe-myocardial ayathuthukiswa. Futhi lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inhliziyo ibhekana kangcono nokwandisa umthwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ATP ayisebenzi kuphela ku-myocardium. Amaqembu ahlukahlukene ososayensi athole ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sisebenza kahle uma umzimba kufanele usebenze ngaphansi kwezimo zeselula. I-Mildronate ikhuthaza ukululama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu, kufaka phakathi ukululama kwe-psycho-ngokomzwelo.Umuthi uvumela abasubathi ukuthi bazinikele ngokwabo ngangokunokwenzeka futhi "banikeze konke okusemandleni" ekuqeqesheni. Kodwa-ke, akuyona i-hormone, ayinamphumela we-anabolic, futhi ayiholeli ekwakheni izicubu zomzimba. Ivimbela ukulimala kwenhliziyo, ithuthukise ukudluliswa kwe-neural, futhi ivimbele ubuchopho be-hypoxia.Izinkomba nezindlela zokukhishwaYini esiza uMildronate? Ngokwemvelo, idokhumenti esemthethweni (okuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iWADA iphinde iqondiswe kuyo) ingumyalo wokusetshenziswa. Amafomu wokukhishwa athandwa kakhulu ngamakhompiyutha angama-250 nama-500 mg, kanye nefomu lobuzali kuma-ampoules (5 ml) wesisombululo esingu-10%. Isixazululo siphathwa ngokuhlinzwa, nge-intramuscularly, ne-parabulbarno (ku-ophthalmology).Cabanga ngomthamo othandwa kakhulu - "Mildronate" 500, uvula imiyalo esemthethweni yokusebenzisa:umuthi ukhonjiswa nge-angina pectoris kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ze-myocardial ischemia, kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo esibuhlungu,ekwelapheni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli (umsebenzi ophansi wesivumelwano sokubeletha),nge-cardiomyopathies yemisuka ehlukahlukene ne-myocardial dystrophy,kuboniswe imivimbo ye-ischemic, i-cerebrovascular pathology kanye ne-dementia,ngokukhathala kanye nomthamo wokusebenza oncishisiwe,uma kunemithwalo eminingi, kufaka phakathi ezemidlalo,ekwelashweni kotshwala (ngokuhoxiswa kwezimpawu zokuhoxa).Konke lokho kungubufakazi obusemthethweni. Kepha, eqinisweni, umuthi uyakwazi ukukhulisa ukukhuthazela, ukwandisa ukumelana nokucindezela, kusebenze isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, ukusheshisa ukuvuselelwa komzimba.Kungakho odokotela abaningi beqala ukunika uMildronate esigulini ngasinye, zombili izifo nokuzivikela. Ngempela, lo muthi uye waba "panacea" kulabo bantu abanokusola, ukukhathazeka ne-hypochondria. Bakholelwa ukuthi uma ukuhambela udokotela kungagcinanga ngokubekwa umuthi, khona-ke ukuvakasha akuphumelelanga, nodokotela mubi. UMildronat uyasihlonipha lesi simo.I-Mildronate - imiyalo yokusebenzisa nomthamoI-Mildronate ingaba nomphumela ojabulisayo, futhi iholele nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Ngakho-ke, labo abayisebenzisayo okokuqala, kutuswa ukuba bangakuthathi ngemuva kuka-17,00 (uma ubuthongo obujwayelekile buhleliwe ebusuku), kodwa kungcono ukukukhawulela ekwamukelweni kwasekuseni. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokuphuza umuthi, ngokuya ngesifo esikutholayo:I-Myocardial infarction kanye nezindlela zesifo senhliziyo ezi-coronary zidinga kuze kufike ku-1000 mg ngosuku, kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Ukwemukelwa kwesifundoNgama-dystrophies ama-myocardial nama-cardiomyopathies, 500 mg kanye sekwanele, ngezinsuku eziyi-10-14,Ezimweni ze-acute cerebrovascular tsaingozi yesimo se-ischemic (imivimbo, ukuhlaselwa kwesikhashana), umuthi uphathwa ngaphakathi, ngokwesibonelo, kuhlangene ne-glucose, insulin ne-potassium chloride. Ngemuva kwenkambo yemijovo, i-1000 mg inqunywe nsuku zonke ekuseni, noma 500 mg we-Mildronate capsule (ekuseni nantambama) izinyanga ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2.Ukusetshenziswa kwemijovo iMildronate nakho kukhonjisiwe njenge-bolus ye-intravenous. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-ampoule eyodwa ku-5 ml ilingana ne-capsule "enkulu" ku-500 mg wesidakamizwa, ngoba okuqukethwe yi-meldonium kungu-100 mg nge-1 ml yesisombululo.Uma kwenzeka ingozi engalaphekiyo yokulimala kokuqina kwengqondo (i-cerebral atherosulinosis, i-ischemia engapheli), umuthi ukhonjiswa ngo-500 mg kanye ngosuku, futhi isikhathi eside - kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbili,Ukwemukelwa kubasubathi, kanye nakubantu abadalulwe, noma abasebenze kakhulu ngokomzimba, kunconyelwa kumthamo we-500 kuya ku-1000 mg nsuku zonke. Isikhathi sokwamukelwa sisuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwayi-3,Njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesifo sokuhoxiswa kotshwala, umuthi ukhonjiswa kumthamo omkhulu - kufika ku-2000 mg ngosuku, uhlukaniswe ngemithamo emi-4. Inkambo yokwelashwa imfushane - ngokwesilinganiso - izinsuku eziyi-7.Abantu abaningi babuza - yini ephumelela kakhudlwana: ukuthatha amaphilisi e-Mildronate, noma imijovo? Ukuphendula umbuzo ngokufanele, kufanele ubheke kuma-pharmacokinetics nakuma-pharmacodynamics wesidakamizwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inani eliphezulu kakhulu ku-plasma yegazi livela emahoreni ama-1 kuye kwayi-2 ngemuva kokungeniswa.Umuthi akufanele udlule esibindini ukuze usebenze. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ibhujiswa esibindini, iphenduka kuma-metabolites amahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ngemuva kokungenwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomu elingajoveka, ngoba kulokhu umbandela wokuqala wesibindi awunakwa (ngemuva kokufakwa kwesidakamizwa ku-duodenum esimweni samaphilisi). Vele, ngalokhu kufanele kube yizo zonke izimo nobufakazi obufanele.Ama-Analog kanye nama-generator MildronateNgaphezu kweMildronate, umuthi i-Idrinol (Sotex) uyatholakala emakethe yasekhaya. Futhi, into esebenzayo (i-meldonium) iqukethe ama-analogues alandelayo e-Mildronate:IMeldonium yokukhathazeka kwasekhaya "Biochemist","I-Angiocardil" kuma-ampoules akhiqizwe yiNovosibirsk Chemical Farm (OJSC "Novosibirskkhimpharm"),I- "Cardionate" ekhiqizwe yi-STADA CIS nayo iyisidakamizwa esivamile senziwa eRussia Federation.Itholakala kumakhompiyutha angama-250 mg, nakuma-ampoules wokuhlushwa okufanayo ne-Mildronate yasekuqaleni - 5 ml, 100 mg / ml.Yini engcono - "Cardionate" noma "Mildronate"? Ngombono wezezimali, ukuthatha i-1000 mg yeCardionate nsuku zonke ngenyanga kuzobiza ama-ruble angama-231 kuphela (inani eliphansi kakhulu), futhi uthathe isidakamizwa sokuqala - ama-ruble angama-533. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza kahle, khona-ke umuthi wokuqala uhlala ungcono, ngoba izinto zokuqala zihlala zihlanzekile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuvela kokuthakazelela kwesidakamizwa, bekukhona ama-generics e-meldonium, akhiqizwa ngabakwa-LLC Organika, ZAO Binergiya, Solofarm. Ngakho-ke, iMildronate inenhlobo ephelele ye-INN analogues - ama-generics (meldonium) ne-brand generics (Angiocardil, Cardionate), enemiyalo efanayo yokusebenzisa, amanani aphansi kanye nokubuyekezwa okuhlukahlukene.Kepha, njengakuqala, owaziwa kakhulu yi- "Mildronat" - ukuthuthukiswa kwasekuqaleni kososayensi baseLatvia. Kwakunguye owathola ukuthandwa emhlabeni wonke njengethuluzi lekhwalithi leziguli nabasubathi, okwandisa ukumelana kwengcindezi, ukukhuthazela komzimba ekucindezelekeni, futhi kuthuthukisa umsoco we-myocardium nobuchopho.Isimo sezidakamizwaLe mishanguzo ibekelwe ukuzikhandla ngokwengeziwe komzimba, ezemidlalo ezinzima nokukhubazeka kwenkumbulo nokuhlushwa.Ngesifo senhliziyo ne-ischemia, ibuyisela ukulethwa komoya-mpilo kumaseli. Kwandisa ukusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba, kuqeda imiphumela yokuxineka kwengqondo, kunomthelela we-cardioprotective.Umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo nasekwelapheni uphuzo oludakayo. Khipha ifomu - imishanguzo nekhambi lomjovo.Umuthi ubuye wenyuse ukungabikhona komzimba nokungamelana nengcindezi.Umuthi unciphisa isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokushaywa yi-ischemic, usiza ukunciphisa indawo ye-necrosis.Umuthi usiza ukwehlisa izehlakalo zokuhlaselwa kwe-angina. Isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukukhuthazela kubasubathi. Sengathi sinikeze ukusabela okuhle esivivinyweni sokudubula. Umuthi usiza ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya endaweni ye-ischemia, esheshisa ukubuyiselwa kwendawo ethintekile.I-Mildronate isiza ukunciphisa izigameko zokuhlaselwa kwe-angina.Umuthi ubekelwe izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka ku-fundus. Umuthi unomphumela we-tonic, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuwusebenzisa ekuseni. Umuthi ubekelwe ushukela njengesidakamizwa.Ukuqhathanisa kweMeldonium neMildronateLe mishanguzo inokwakheka okufanayo futhi yinto efanayo esebenzayo - i-meldonium dihydrate. Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa zombili lezi zidakamizwa:ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza ebuchosheni,isifo sokuhoxa ezigulini ezinotshwala obungapheli,ukucindezela okukhulu kwengqondo nangokomzimba,isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.I-Contraindication nayo iyafana kuyo yomibili le mithi:isikhathi sokuncelisa kanye nokukhulelwa,ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi ye-intracranial.Imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa iyefana:isimangaliso se-dyspepticUmenzi wazo zombili izidakamizwa nguVidal. Imithi akufanele ihlanganiswe ne-alpha-blockers ne-nitroglycerin. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukubonakala kwe-tachycardia kungenzeka. Yomibili le mishanguzo isetshenziswa ngokuqapha ezifweni ezinzima zezinso nezinso.Yikuphi ukufana kwezidakamizwa:umphumela ofanayo wemithiuhlu olufanayo lwe-contraindication nemiphumela emibi,inkampani eyodwa.Yini iMeldonium? Imiyalo, amanani kanye nokubuyekezwaKulesi sihloko sezokwelapha, ungajwayela isidakamizwa iMeldonium. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa izocacisa ukuthi ungawaphuza ngamaphi amaphilisi kanye nemijovo, ukuthi umuthi usiza kanjani, iziphi izinkomba zokusebenzisa, imibandela emibi nemiphumela emibi. Isichasiselo sibonisa uhlobo lomuthi nokwakheka kwawo.I-ejenti elwa nokuhleleka kwesigaba se-IB, ithuthukisa imetabolism - izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni womuntu, yiMeldonium. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa isikisela ukuthatha amaphilisi noma amaphilisi we-250 mg no-500 mg, imijovo kuma-ampoules womjovo wokwelapha izingozi ze-cerebrovascular, ukubuyiselwa kwamandla kwabasubathi, isifo senhliziyo se-ischemic.Kubalulekile! IMeldonium ibonwa njengendunduma. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo emidlalweni yobungcweti akuvunyelwe!Isikhuthazi seMetabolism, i-analogue ye-gamma-butyrobetaine. Ivimbela i-gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxynase, ivimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-carnitine kanye nokuhanjiswa kwamafutha amade acinene ngama-membranes weseli, futhi kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kwezindlela ezifakiwe zama-acid acids emangqamuzaneni - okususelwa ku-acylcarnitine ne-acylcoenzyme A.Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-ischemia, ibuyisela ibhalansi yezinqubo zokulethwa komoya-mpilo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kumaseli, kuvimbela ukwephulwa kokuthuthwa kwe-ATP, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kusebenze i-glycolysis, eqhubeka ngaphandle kokungezelelwa kwe-oxygen.Njengomphumela wokwehla kokuxineka kwe-carnitine, i-gamma-butyrobetaine enezakhiwo ezi-vasodilating yenziwe kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwesinyathelo kunquma ukwehluka kwemiphumela yayo ye-pharmacological: ukusebenza kahle okwandayo, ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuxineka kwengqondo nangokomzimba, kusebenze kwezicubu zomzimba nokungabi namahloni, umphumela wethambo.Endabeni yokulimala kwe-ischemic acute ku-myocardium, kunciphisa ukwakheka kwendawo ye-necrotic futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuvuselelwa kabusha. Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, kwandisa ukungazibandakanyi kwe-myocardial, kwandisa ukubekezelela umzimba, futhi kunciphise imvamisa yokuhlasela kwe-angina.Ekuphazamisekeni kwe-ischemic esezingeni eliphakeme futhi elingamahlalakhona kwegazi eligeleza emzimbeni kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi ekugxileni kwe-ischemia, kunomthelela ekusakazweni kwegazi kabusha endaweni ye-ischemic. Isebenza ngempumelelo kwe-vascular and dystrophic pathology ye-fundus.Inomphumela we-tonic ohlelweni oluphambili lwezinzwa, kuqeda ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa ezigulini ezinobuthakathaka botshwala obungalapheki nge-draal syndrome.IMeldonium inconywa ukuthi ithathwe ekuseni, ngoba ingadala umphumela ojabulisayo. Umthamo usethwe ngokuhlukile ngokuya izinkomba kanye nendlela yokuphatha.Lapho uthathwa ngomlomo, umthamo owodwa ngu-0,25-1 g, imvamisa yokuphatha kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kuncike kuzinkomba.I-0.5 ml yesisombululo somjovo nge-500 mg / 5 ml iphethwe ngokuzwakalayo izinsuku eziyi-10.Ngokuphathwa kwe-intravenous, umthamo ungama-0,5-1 g 1 isikhathi ngosuku, isikhathi sokwelashwa kuya ngezinkomba.Abasubathi babekelwe ukwelashwa okuvuselela kabusha ngokwezinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihambisana nezinye izindlela. Iqashelwe ngokusemthethweni njengentambo.Ungazithatha kanjani izifo?Uma kwenzeka ukusatshalaliswa kokuzala okungalunganga, i-Meldonium iyanconywa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-0,5 g kanye ngosuku izinsuku eziyi-10, bese kuba kwifomu elivalekile - 0.5 g nsuku zonke ngezinsuku eziyi-14-21.Ngendlela engapheli yengozi ye-cerebrovascular, kunikezwa inkambo yokwelashwa ethatha izinsuku eziyi-14 ukuya kwezi-14. Isixazululo somjovo sisebenza ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanelekile ku-0,5 g kanye ngosuku noma sikhishwe ngomlomo ku-0,25 g (imvamisa yokuphatha incike ekujuleni kwesimo sesiguli).Ukuhoxiswa kwe-syndrome kudinga inkambo yokwelashwa nge-Meldonium yezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Ngemuva kwalokho isiguli sikhonjiswa isikhathi esine sokudla umuthi phakathi nosuku, i-0.5 g ngaphakathi noma isikhathi sesibili ngaphakathi.Nge-angina pectoris ezinzile, izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-3-4 zibekwe izikhathi eziyi-0.25 g izikhathi ezi-3. Ngemuva kwalokho bathathwa ngomlomo kabili ngesonto kumthamo wansuku zonke wama-0,25 g izikhathi ezi-3. Isikhathi sokwelashwa sisuka kumaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha.Nge-Cardialgia, ehlanganiswe ne-dishormonal myocardial dystrophy, umuthi uphathwa ngokuqondile ngendlela ye-jet kanye ngosuku, 0.5-1 g noma i-IM kuze kube izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku, ngo-0.5 g. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14, kufakwa ifomu lesigaxa I-0.25 mg ekuseni nakusihlwa, ukwelashwa kuyaqhubeka ngezinye izinsuku eziyi-12.Ngefomu elingazinzile le-angina pectoris kanye ne-infyoction ye-myocardial, iMeldonium isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwendlela ye-jet ye-0.5 g noma i-1 g kanye ngosuku. Kamuva, kunqunywa ngomlomo: izinsuku ezingama-3-4 - izikhathi eziyi-0,25 g 2, bese ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngeviki 0,25 g kathathu ngosuku.Endabeni yezifo zemithambo ye-fundus, i-retinal dystrophy, iMeldonium inqunyelwe i-retrobulbarly and subconjunctively ku-0,05 g ngokuhamba kwezinsuku eziyi-10.Ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo okungapheliyo, umuthi uphathwa ngaphakathi emfuleni nsuku zonke ngethamo lika-0.5-1 g noma uthathelwe indawo umjovo wethambo we-0.5 g ufike ezikhathini ezi-2 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14 zokwelashwa, isiguli sidluliselwa kumaphilisi we-0.5 g, wona athatha isikhathi esingu-1 ekuseni. Inkambo yokwelashwa iqala kumaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha.Funda futhi le ndatshana: AdemethionineIzingane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhulelwaIMeldonium ayibekelwe abesifazane abakhulelwe, ngoba bekungeke kufakazelwe ukuphepha kwayo kumama nengane. Uma udinga ukunquma umuthi kowesifazane osenkulisa, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuncelisa kuyamiswa: akukaziwa ukuthi ingabe into ingena yini ebisini.Ezinganeni nasentsheni engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokuphepha kwe-meldonium akukasungulwa. IMeldonium ngesimo samaphilisi igxilisiwe ukuze isetshenziswe ezinganeni nakwintsha eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18, ngesimo sejusi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12.IMeldonium itholakala ngezindlela eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: ama-ampoules okujova kanye ne-capsule yokuphathwa komlomo. IMeldonium ingakhishwa ngemithamo emibili - 250 mg no-500 mg. Ngokuya ngomthamo, umbala we-capsule uqobo uzoshintsha: ukusuka kumhlophe omhlophe umthamo ka-250 mg uye umhlophe ophuzi nge-500 mg. Ampoules akhiqizwa ngevolumu engu-5 ml, ama-5 noma ama-ampoules ayi-10 ngephakeji ngalinye.Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa, lokhu kungumuthi wesakhi esisodwa. Into esemqoka enomphumela yi-meldonium dihydrate. Abakhongi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathembela kwifomu eliqondile lomuthi. Ama-Ampoules aqukethe kuphela amanzi omjovo, futhi kumaphilisi, i-gelatin, isitashi, i-calcium stearate nezinye izinto ezingenandaba namakhemikhali kuzoba abathandayo.Ngabe iMeldonium isebenza kanjani?Ngokuyisisekelo, iMeldonium iyisidakamizwa senhliziyo ngokunembile. Kuthuthukisa imetabolism yenhliziyo, ikhulisa ukugcwala kwayo ne-oksijini, futhi kubuye kube nomphumela ekujwayelweni kokudla komsoco. Kuvuselela futhi ukuguqulwa kwezindlela ezisebenzayo zama-acid acid zibe amandla. Konke lokhu ngendlela enhle kakhulu kunomthelela ekusekelweni komzimba ezifweni zenhliziyo, futhi kuthuthukisa imetabolism.Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sidakamizwa sisiza ukukhuphula izinga lomsebenzi, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, futhi futhi sibonisa ukusebenza komzimba wonke. Ngenxa yesenzo seMeldonium emzimbeni, inhliziyo iqala ukusebenza kahle, futhi imetabolism iba nokulingana ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunobufakazi bomphumela omuhle womuthi ohlelweni lwezinzwa, futhi umphumela wawo muhle kakhulu emkhakheni wokuqeda noma wokunciphisa ukuhoxiswa kotshwala.Amacala ajwayelekile lapho kuboniswa khona iMeldonium yizimo ezahlukahlukene zokuqina ngokweqile kwengqondo nangokomzimba, ikakhulukazi ezihambisana nemithwalo ekhuphukayo emisipha yenhliziyo. Futhi, iMeldonium iyisidakamizwa esisiza ukwelulama ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kanzima nezifo ezephula ukusakazeka komzimba (loluhlu luhlanganisa, ngokwesibonelo, unhlangothi).Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi umuthi ubonwa njenge-dope futhi awunakusetshenziswa uma uqeqesha abasubathi abangochwepheshe.Izifo nezimpawu ezithile umuthi ongabekwa kuzo yile mibandela elandelayo:Izinkinga nezifo zenhliziyo (CHD, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo). I-Meldonium ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti esekelayo, kanye nomuthi we-prophylactic ukuvikela ubungozi be-myocardial infarction.Ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza ebuchosheni: ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-cerebrovascular and stroke.Ukweqiwa kwendalo ngokomzimba nangokwethukile.Njengendlela yokwenza isifundo sokuvuselela umzimba.Isifo Sokuhoxiswa kotshwala.Ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana nokukhathala okungapheli, ukwehla kokusebenza okuphelele,Kwezinye izimo, iMeldonium ingathuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi ku-retina, nayo isetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-hemophthalmus.Ngokwehlukana, kumele kuthiwe umuthi usetshenziswa kuphela kwiziguli ezindala, ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, umuthi uphulwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwedatha emtholampilo ethembekile ekuphepheni kwayo kweziguli ezisencane.Sebenzisa ezinganeniIminyaka yezingane nakanjani kuwukuphambana kokuthatha lo muthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ucwaningo lwethonya leMeldonium emzimbeni wengane alwenziwa, okusho ukuthi akukho mininingwane emtholampilo ngalokhu. Ngokuhambisana neqiniso lokuthi into iyasebenza ngamakhemikhali, lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni emzimbeni wezingane. Uma kunesidingo sokwelashwa kwesondlo kwengane, kufanele kukhethwe esinye isidakamizwa.Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwaKufanele icacise ngokwehlukile injongo yokuthi umuthi uthatha ini. Okuwukuphela kwenketho lapho iMeldonium ivunyelwe yisidingo esikhulu futhi uma kuphela isikhathi sokubeletha lapho umama eyeka ukuncelisa. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo kuleli cala, akufuneki ukubonisana kuphela nodokotela oqeqeshiwe, kodwa futhi nokuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sowesifazane kuyo yonke leyo nkathi yokuphuza umuthi. Uma umuntu wesifazane eba nemiphumela engafuneki, kufanele ayeke ngokushesha ukuthatha futhi abonane nodokotela.Umuthi ukhishwa egazini kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 uqalile ukusetshenziswa kwawo, okusho ukuthi kuze kube manje ukuphuza utshwala kungadala umphumela wokuxhumana nomuthi. Kodwa-ke, ngokwejwayelekile, utshwala neMeldonium azithathi uhlangothi komunye nomunye. Yize kunolwazi lokuthi umphumela wokuvinjezelwa kotshwala kuma-nerve nezinzwa zenhliziyo ungawenza umehluko umphumela wokuphuza umuthi, okuzonciphisa ngokuzenzakalela ukuvimba yonke imihlomulo yokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi esimweni lapho iMeldonium ichazwa njengendlela yokwelapha esekela izifo zenhliziyo, iziphuzo ezidakayo kufanele zingafakwa ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni ngokuphelele. Ukwemukelwa kwabo kuleli cala ngeke kudele nje kuphela ukuphuza umuthi, kodwa futhi kuzolimaza inhliziyo nenhliziyo nemisipha yenhliziyo.Ngokusebenzisa kanyekanye ne-Nitroglycerin, i-alpha-blockers, iNifedipine, ama-vasodilators we-peripheral, kungenzeka ukuthi kune-tachycardia ne-hyperension ye-arterial. Igqamisa isenzo se-antihypertensive, izidakamizwa ze-antianginal, glycosides zenhliziyo.Mhlawumbe inhlanganisela nezidakamizwa ze-antianginal, ama-anticoagulants, izidakamizwa ze-antiarrhythmic kanye nama-diuretics.Kubalulekile! Ungasebenzisi ngasikhathi sinye nezinye izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-meldonium.Intengo ejwayelekile yeMeldonium (imijovo ka-5 ml No. 10) eMoscow ama-ruble angama-145. E-Ukraine, ungathenga umuthi ngo-195 hryvnia. eKazakhstan, osokhemisi banikeza i-analogue yeMildronate. EMinsk, bathengisa umuthi ngamabhanti ama-4-6. ama-ruble. Ukuthola umuthi, udinga umuthi.Ngokulandela izixhumanisi, ungathola ukuthi yimaphi ama-analogues asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo: izimpawu zokuhoxa, ukudakwa, i-hemophthalmus, i-dishormonal cardiomyopathy, unhlangothi, i-myocardial infarction, i-hemorrhage, i-angina pectoris, i-thrombosis, ukucindezela ngokomzimba, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-cerebrovascularI-Mildronate - indlela yokuthatha abadlaliIMeldonium yatholakala ngeminyaka yama-70s yekhulu lama-20 eLatvia Institute of Organic Synthesis futhi ekuqaleni yasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvuselela ukukhula kwezitshalo nemfuyo, kwathi kamuva yaqala ukusetshenziswa endaweni yezokwelapha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, odokotela baqala ukuyinikeza izifo ezahlukahlukene njenge-ejenti ye-metabolic futhi bancoma kubagadli ukuthi ilulame kangcono.Kungani i-meldonium idingeka kwezemidlaloYini i-mnene, futhi ingathathwa ngabe-amateurs? Umuthi yi-analogue yokufakelwa ye-gamma-butyrobetaine - i-enzyme etholakala kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba womuntu.Indlela yokusebenza yesidakamizwa. IMeldonium ivimba ukukhiqizwa kwe-carnitine emzimbeni futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha acid njengomthombo wamandla. Imvamisa kungamafutha adliwayo lapho amandla edliwe ngabantu abahola impilo esebenzayo.Futhi ama-acid anamafutha aguqulwa abe amandla kumaseli emisipha yenhliziyo, okwenza inhliziyo isebenze ngejubane elisheshayo. Isenzo se-minimronate ukwakha kabusha nokushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kusuka ushukela kanye nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwehlisa umthwalo enhliziyweni nakwamanye amalungu abalulekile.Esenzweni sawo, umuthi uphikisana nesengezo njenge-L-carnitine.Umgomo oyinhloko weMildronate ukuthuthukisa imetabolism namandla e-satellika emazingeni eselula.Izici eziwusizo ze-meldonium kwezemidlaloUkusheshisa ukululama ngemuva kokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba. Impahla ifanele noma yimuphi umdlalo, ejimini kungaba yibo bobabili be-Cardio nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla. Imikhiqizo yokuqothula ikhishwa ngokushesha kumaseli, futhi izinqubo zokubuyisa ziyaqhubeka ngemodi eshesha. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsubathi angaqeqesha kaningi nangokukhiqiza ngokwengeziwe.Ilulaza indlela umzimba osabela ngayo ekusebenzeni ngokweqile kwemizwa nangokomzimba. Lo mphumela we -nenexate uzoba wusizo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semincintiswano noma ukomiswa, lapho yonke izinsizakusebenza zomzimba ziphela ngokushesha.Ukusebenza okuphelele kuyenyuka futhi izinga lokuphendula liyakhuphuka.Umsubathi uyaguga, abe namandla, andise ijubane lokuhamba nenani lokucindezela.Isheshisa ukuhanjiswa kweglucose kumaseli futhi ivikele nenhliziyo kusuka ku-arrhythmias, angina pectoris. Lokhu ukuvimbela kokuxilongwa kwezifo zenhliziyo ezinzima ngokwedlulele njengokuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma unhlangothi.Isebenzisa i-asthenia. Ukuthatha umuthi kukuvumela ukuthi uqede isifo sokukhathala okungapheli, ukozela nobuthakathaka. Konke lokhu, kunjalo, kunomthelela omuhle emiphumeleni yezemidlalo.IMeldonium ingasetshenziselwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomthwalo ejimini. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ulindele ngemuva kokuthatha ukukhula kwezinkomba zamandla kanye nesethi esheshayo yemisipha. Lesi sidakamizwa asikuthinti ukukhula kwemisipha nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi uma ukwanda okuthile kwamandla kuyabonakala, khona-ke akubalulekanga kakhulu.Esigabeni sokuzuza kwesisindo kanye nasekufakweni kwamandla, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-meldonium kuphela ukubuyisela kangcono nokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle komzimba.I-Mildronate izosebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca isikhathi eside sokuzivocavoca. Kunqunyelwe abagijimi, abadlali bebhola, abashushuluza ukukhuthazela okungcono kanye nokwenza ngcono ithoni yenhliziyo. Kuvikela abasubathi ekulayelweni ngokweqile.Wonke umuntu uyazi amacala lapho umbaleki ehluleka kwesokudla phakathi nomncintiswano, ngoba umzimba awukwazi ukumelana nomthwalo omkhulu.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-meldonium kugwema izimo eziyingozi kakhulu empilweni.Uma udla ukudla okuqinile ngenkathi uziqeqesha ngenkani, khona-ke ukuthatha iMildronate nakho kuzosebenza. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwemetabolism kumaseli, ukunyuka kwe-metabolism futhi inqubo yokunciphisa umzimba ishesha.Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi akudingekile ukuhlanganisa i-meldonium namafutha aphezulu, kanye nokudla okungenama-carbohydrate.Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla ngenkathi uthatha i-Mildronate ushukela, ngakho-ke akufanele unciphise kakhulu inani lama-carbohydrate alula futhi ayinkimbinkimbi, ngisho noma womile.Kungani i-meldonium ibhekwa njenge-dopingNgoJanuwari 2016, uMildronate wafakwa ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezivinjelwe futhi manje uthathwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-doping. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaqubuka ihlazo nabasubathi baseRussia abebesebenzisa isikhathi eside.Injabulo enjalo yadlala ezandleni zabakhiqizi be-meldonium, njengoba ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo kwenyuka kakhulu. Namuhla, umbuzo wokuthi yini edingekayo ukuze ubumnene ubukise hhayi kuphela ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukene yezemidlalo, kodwa futhi nezivakashi ezijwayelekile ejimini.Kuze kube manje, odokotela abaningi abaqondi ukuthi kungani i-meldonium ibhekisa ekuthini doping. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yadalwa ngokuqondile ukusekela impilo nokungatheleleki, kwakungekho ukukhuluma nganoma yikuphi ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwamakhono omzimba.Uhlobo oluphambili lokwenqatshelwa kwe-Mildronate yithonya lawo eliqinile ekusebenzeni komuntu, ukwanda kokuqina kanye nomphumela ovuselelayo.Ngenxa yale miphumela, umsubathi othatha iMildronate uzoba nanenzuzo emncintiswaneni.Uma uzilolongela, ke ungesabi ukusebenzisa umuthi. Ngokuya ngamazinga, kuphephile emzimbeni. Kepha kubagadli abaqhudelana baphinde banikele ngegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izidakamizwa, kungcono ukushiya i-meldonium noma ukuyisebenzisa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusebenza.Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwezokwelaphaUkuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwesidakamizwa kwenza siphumelele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. IMildronate imiselwe lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:I-bronchitis engapheli, isifuba somoya nezinye izifo zezitho zokuphefumula ezihambisana nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo,Ukwelapha okuhlanganisiwe kwezifo zenhliziyo - i-angina pectoris, infarction ye-myocardial, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo,Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kwengqondo nokukhathala komoya,Njengokwelashwa kwe-hangover eyingozi kanye nophuzo oludakayo,Izifo zamehlo ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi okungabonakali,Ngezinye izindlela zesifo sikashukela,Isikhathi sokwenziwa komsebenzi sokuvuselela ngokushesha.Naphezu kwesisindo sezakhiwo ezinhle, i-meldonium, njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, inomkhawulo. Akunconyelwe ukuyithatha ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nokulimala kwe-craniocerebral, ukuphazamiseka kwe-venous ukuphuma, izinso, isibindi nezinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa. Ukuphatha okulandelayo, imiphumela elandelayo elandelayo iyenzeka:Ukunyuka kwenhliziyo,Hyperacaction.Ukugwema imiphumela emibi, kunconywa ukusebenzisa iMildronate ekuseni futhi ungeqi umthamo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukungezwani komzimba kungenzeka, kanye nokushisa kwenhliziyo, isicanucanu ngemuva kokuthatha.Ungayithatha kanjani i-meldonium yabasubathiUmuthi wethulwa ngendlela yamaphilisi, amaphilisi kanye nesiraphu, okuhloselwe ukuphathwa ngomlomo. Kukhona futhi nendlela yesisombululo esingahlinzekwa ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-intramuscularly.Ungayithatha kanjani iMildronate yabasubathi ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu? Kuyiqiniso, imijovo engasukelwa ishesha futhi isebenza ngempumelelo.Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ngokuqinile umthamo futhi ube nekhono lemijovo, ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba yingozi empilweni. Abasubathi be-Amateur bangcono uma bekhetha ifomu le-tablet ne-capsule.Lapho kuthathwa ngomlomo, uMildronate udakwa ekuseni isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla, noma imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokudla. Umuthi awukwazi ukuchobozeka noma ukuhlafunwa, ugwinyiwe uphelele futhi ugezwe phansi ngamanzi amaningi.Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, kunconywa ukuthatha i-meldonium ku-500 mg ngosuku, okungukuthi, ama-250 mg izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku noma isikhathi esi-1 ngosuku 500 mg. Ngosuku lokuqeqeshwa, kufanele uthathe into uhhafu wehora ngaphambi kweklasi.Umthamo oqondile ubalwa ngesisindo - 15-20 mg kilo nganye yesisindo somzimba. Ukuqokwa kokugcina akufanele kube ngaphambi kuka-17,00 noma kungakapheli amahora angama-5 ngaphambi kokulala ukuze ugweme ukweqisa.Ochwepheshe bangakhuphula umthamo amahlandla ama-2 futhi basebenzise into leyo izikhathi ezi-2 kabili ngosuku.Kwiphakheji ejwayelekile, i-meldonium iqukethe amakhompiyutha angama-40 we-250 mg. Futhi zitholakala izinhlobo ezingama-60 zecapsule ezingama-500 mg ngayinye. Izindleko emakhemisi ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-230 kuya kwangama-400.Ungathola nesisombululo se-10% seMildronate sokujova - ama-ampoules ayi-10 we-5 ml. I-ampoule eyodwa iqukethe ama-500 mg e-meldonium. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo futhi hhayi ukudida isisombululo se-intravenous nge-intramuscular.Ngemuva kokuvula i-ampoule, into leyo kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha, ngoba umuthi awuvumeli ukuxhumana nomoya isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5. Izindleko zephakethe eli-1 elinemijovo lisuka kuma-ruble angama-68 kuya kwangama-150. Isikhathi sokuthatha iMildronate singamaviki angama-3-5.Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele uthathe ikhefu isikhathi esingangenyanga ukugwema ukujwayela umzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho isifundo singaphindwa."Mildronate - yini esisizayo nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani?"Konke kuqale ngoJanuwari 1 okokugcina, 2016. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-WADA (i-World Anti-Doping Agency) ingenisa i-meldonium, aka Mildronat, ohlwini lwezimali ezivinjelwe.Isizathu kwaba ukuthi umphumela we-cytoprotective and metabolic effect (kungathiwa) ungashintsha i-myocardium kangangoba inhliziyo iyaqina futhi ibe namandla ngokwengeziwe, okuzokwenza ukuthi iphumelele, futhi ngenxa yalokho imali eningi.Umlando walesi sidakamizwa uthambekele impela.Yakhiwa kuqala i-SSR yaseLatvia yi-Ivars Kalvins, futhi ekuqaleni babefuna ukuyisebenzisa ukulahla izingxenye ezinobuthi ze-rocket fuel (dimethylhydrazine).Kepha lapho sifunda ubuthi balesi sidakamizwa ezilwaneni, imiphumela enjalo yatholakala ukuthi kusukela ngo-1976, isidakamizwa esibizwa ngokuthi iMildronate sibhalisiwe e-USSR, sabe sise-USA (kusukela ngo-1984).I-Mildronate (meldonium) kwezemidlalo: amaqiniso, indlela yokusebenza, ukuthi yamukelwa kanjani futhi ikufanele?Umlando we-minimronate (meldonium) kwezemidlalo uqala ngomdlali odumile we-tennis waseRussia, uMaria Sharapova. Ngo-2016, waba yinkanyezi yesigcwagcwa sokudonswa kwempahla, ngemuva kovivinyo oluhle lwe-doping e-Australia Open.Isizathu sasingewona ama-anabolic steroid, erythropoietin noma ama-hormone, kodwa isidakamizwa se-Cardio, ukumangala hhayi uSharapova kuphela, kepha wonke umphakathi womhlaba kanye nabasubathi abahlezi ngokuqinile kusokhemisi.Kulesi sihloko sizobheka amaqiniso mayelana ne-minimronate, sithole ukuthi yini inhloso yakhe yezokwelapha, indlela esebenza ngayo kanye nemiphumela emibi engenzeka.Amaqiniso ngeMildronate (Meldonium)IMeldonium yathuthukiswa yinkampani yemithi yaseLatviaIMeldonium iyi-inhibitor ye-fatty acid oxidation (evimbela ukushiswa kwabo)Ukusetshenziswa kwe-minimronate kwezemidlalo akuvunyelwe yi-World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwe-minimronate kwezokwelapha ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zenhliziyo, kepha uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinkomba lubanzi kakhuluIMeldonium ayivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa (hhayi okunelayisense) e-United States, ivunyelwe eRussia nakwamanye amazwe e-USSR bloc yangaphambiliLesi sidakamizwa sasisetshenziswa kakhulu ngamasosha aseSoviet ngesikhathi sempi e-Afghanistan.Yini i-meldonium (i-mnene)?IMeldonium yathuthukiswa yinkampani yemithi yaseLatvia uGrendiks.Omunye wemiyalelo yokuqala kaMildronate kwaba ukuthuthukisa inzalo (umthamo wesidoda) ezingulubeni zabesilisa nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, isilinganiso sandiswa saba yi-2.Ukuthengiswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kufinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-56 ngonyaka we-2013, okwenza amaGrendiks waba ngomunye wabathengisi abaphambili emakethe yemithi yaseLatvia.Kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1989, uMildronat wadlula "isivivinyo" esikhulu embuthweni wamasosha aseRussia: wathunyelwa ngamanani amakhulu e-Afghanistan kusuka ngo-1979 kuya ku-1989.Ngokusho kukanjiniyela u-Ivan Calvins, Umphumela we-meldonium ukuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-oksijini emzimbeni.Amasosha athatha i-meldonium ngenkathi esezintabeni zase-Afghanistan, lapho kudingekile ukuthwala imishini esindayo: umuthi wathuthukisa ukukhuthazela ezimeni zomoya omncane.Namuhla, iMildronate ingumuthi osetshenziswa eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi (amazwe ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union) ukwelapha izimo eziningi zezokwelapha, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke isifo senhliziyo. E-United States nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, akuvunyelwe.Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, i-meldonium isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezemidlalo njenge-doping agent ethuthukisa ukusebenza kokusebenza.Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka we-2016, ngesikhathi uMaria Sharapova emlethela udumo olukhulu, abasubathi abaningi abavela emazweni ehlukene (kufaka phakathi i-USA, Russia kanye namazwe ase-Europe) bafakwa ohlwini lwabakwa-WADA ukuze basebenzise lona.IMeldonium iyisidakamizwa inhloso yaso yasekuqaleni bekuwukhulisa ubulukhuni ezingulubeni. Namuhla isetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha isifo senhliziyo.Kungani iMildronate ichazwa kwezokwelapha?Kwezokwelapha, iMildronate ibekelwa iziguli ezonakele ekunikezelweni kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba, ikakhulukazi, ngezinkinga zenhliziyo nesifo se-coronary artery (esidlisa inhliziyo uqobo), ekwelapheni i-angina kanye nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.Ucwaningo lwesayensi luqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo ekwelapheni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli 4 kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi 5.Kwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi iRussia, iLatvia, i-Ukraine, i-Georgia, ne-Kazakhstan, ne-Azabajani, ne-Belarus, ne-Uzbekistan, neMoldova, ne-Kyrgyzstan, odokotela banquma i-mildronate ukwenza ngcono ukuhambisa kwegazi ubuchopho 6.Kuboniswe ukuthi kuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwemizwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimoto, kuqeda isiyezi nokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo 8.Futhi meldonium isusa izimpawu ezi-hangover ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala.Ezinye izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kweMildronate 6:isilonda sesisuukulimala kwamehloizifo zamaphaphu nokuphefumula.Uma ufunda ngokucophelela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa kwe-minimronate, sizothola ukwakheka okunjalo "kuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba nokusebenza kwengqondo", yize isigatshana esithi "asithinti ukusebenza kwezemidlalo" sizotholakala nalaphaya.Kukhona ukungafani, njengoba kusobala ukuthi konke okuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kwegazi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo. Isenzo samalungiselelo amaningi okufaka doping sincike kulo mgomo.Ukuchazwa kwe-WADA ngesizathu sokwengeza i-meldonium ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezivinjelwe ukugxila kugxile ngqo kule ndawo: "i-meldonium yenyusa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo ngokunikeza umoya-mpilo ohlelweni nemithambo yenhliziyo."Kwezokwelapha, iMildronate imiselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo nobuchopho, kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu zokuxineka ngemuva kokudakwa.Mildronate (Meldonium) kwezemidlaloUkuthandwa kwe-minimronate kwezemidlalo kwalethwa ngumdlali we-tennis waseRussia, uMaria Sharapova, ongazange awenze umthetho wokudonswa kwezidakamizwa ngoMashi 2016, izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuba i-meldonium yafakwa ohlwini yi-WADA 1.Uvumile ukuthi ubesebenzise lesi sidakamizwa iminyaka engu-10 njengoba kushiwo ngudokotela. Bona ukubuyekezwa kwenhliziyo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-meldonium Sharapova.Ngokushesha emva kwalokhu kuqashelwa, ukuthengiswa kweMildronate kwakhula kaningana.Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuvinjwa kukaSharapova, i-WADA yanikezwa umlingisi waseRussia uYekaterina Bobrova futhi ngonyaka ofanayo, iWorld Champion ngo-1500 m egijima u-Abeba Aregawi, onqobile emncintiswaneni weTokyo ngonyaka ka-2015, u-Endeshaw Negesse.Izindondo eziyi-13 zemidlalo yaseYurophu eyayiseBaku ngonyaka ka-2015 nayo ikhombise isivivinyo esihle sokusetshenziswa kwe-meldonium, futhi ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuziphatha kwabo, cishe abangama-470 bonke ababambe iqhaza baphuza lesi sidakamizwa 17.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-geography inwetshiwe kakhulu, futhi abasubathi baseRussia, i-Ethiopia, iSweden, iJalimane ne-Ukraine babanjwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene besebenzisa i-meldonium.Ngokusobala I-17% yabasubathi baseRussia basebenzisa i-meldonium futhi bangama-2% kuphela abakwamanye amazwe. Uma inombolo ilungile, khona-ke lokhu kufakazela ukusebenza kwayo.Isihlava sakamuva nje sokudonswa kwempahla nokwenqatshelwa kokubandakanyeka KWABONKE beqembu laseRussia kuma-Olimpiki kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi imboni yezokuphaka izinto zaseRussia, esekela ezemidlalo kwezobuchwepheshe, ingelinye lamandla amakhulu futhi athuthukile emhlabeni.UMildronate uthole ukuthandwa kwezemidlalo ikakhulu ngenxa yegama lomdlali we-tennis waseRussia uMaria Sharapova: ngemuva kokuqashelwa kwakhe, ukuthengiswa kwalo muthi kwanda kaninganaNgokusho kwe-WADA ngezigaba, i-meldonium ingeyasesigabeni sama-metabolic modulators, ngaphezu kwe-insulin 7.Uma ubona kubalulekile ukuthi sikwenze - yeseka iphrojekthi yethu!Ukuze kubhekwe Into ifakwa eshidini lokufaka lapho:kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezemidlalo,kubeka engcupheni impilo yabasubathi,kwephula umoya wokuncintisana.Okushiwo umbandela wokuqala kusobala: umsubathi ophuza izidakamizwa ezinjalo uthola inzuzo phezu kwabanye. Isikhombisi sesibili sisebenza cishe kunoma yisiphi isidakamizwa sezokwelapha, ngoba sonke sinemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Kepha incazelo yesithathu iyinkungu enkulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi "uvimbele" noma iyiphi into."IMeldonium iyakhombisa ukuthuthukisa abasubathi bokukhuthazela, amazinga okubuyiselwa emuva kokusebenza, ukuvikelwa kokulwa nokucindezelwa nokusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa okuphakathi. ”Uhlu olujwayelekile lwezinzuzo ze-meldonium kwezemidlalo yinto enjengale:kwenyusa ukusebenza komzimba okuphelele,ithuthukisa ukufakwa komoya-mpilo emisipha,kusheshisa ukuthokozela kwezicubu zezinzwa (lokhu kubalulekile ngejubane lokuphendula),isiza ekulweni nengcindezi yengqondo ngesikhathi semincintiswano,ithuthukisa ukulethwa kwamaseli ezinhliziyo nobuchopho nge-glucose = amandla,kusheshisa ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yokubola.Umphumela wokuthatha i-Mildronate, okubalulekile kubagibeli, ukwenza ngcono ukunikezwa kwemisipha nge-oxygen ne-glucose, ukukhuphula izinga lokuphendula nomphumela wokulwa nokucindezelaUkusebenza kwesenzo se-meldoniumUmphumela wokwelapha we-meldonium uwukuthi ukuvimba isenzo se-carnitine, obandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwamafutha emzimbeni (ukuwashisela amandla), ekusetshenzisweni okuyinhloko kwe-glucose 3.Lapho wenza izivivinyo ze-aerobic (ezidla umoya-mpilo omningi), i-L-carnitine ithinta kahle ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, okwenza ukuthi i-oxidation yamafutha isebenze kahle ngokwamandla: cishe ama-80% amandla akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa lo mshini we-10.Kodwa-ke, esimeni lapho kungekho oksijini owanele emangqamuzaneni, izinto ezinobuthi ziqongelela - ngemikhiqizo ye-oxidation enamafutha.Yini eyenza i-meldonium: kukhubaza inqubo ye-oxidation yamafutha yi-carnitine (kunciphisa ukugxilwa kwayo emangqamuzaneni) futhi kusebenze ukusetshenziswa kweglucose, okuwumthombo wamandla oyinhloko futhi ophumelela kakhudlwana emzimbeni, ngoba kudinga umoya-mpilo ongaphansi kwe-oxygen ukuze uyiqede.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Mildronate ivusa ngqo i-glycolysis, ekhulisa amandla embaleki 14.Ngabe kunengqondo ukuthatha i-bonolo (i-meldonium) ekwakheni umzimba?IMeldonium idumile ikakhulukazi emidlalweni ye-aerobic, isibonelo, phakathi kwabashushulu nabagijimi lapho ijubane nokusabela kubalulekile khona.Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-mnene ekwakhiweni komzimba nasekuxhaseni amandla, ngokungafani nenkolelo ethandwayo, yena AKUFANELE zithinte ngqo ukukhula kwemisipha.Kwezemidlalo yamandla kuyasetshenziswa. ukudambisa izimpawu zokweqisa, okungenzeka kusebenza kuphela kubasubathi abaqeqeshiwe.Sifunde enetheniYikuphi okungcono: ukunciphisa umthwalo noma engeza elinye iphilisi ku-arsenal yakho yemithi - uthatha isinqumo.I-Mildronate ekwakhiweni komzimba ayithinti ngqo ukukhula kwemisipha, isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezimpawu zokuqola ngokweqileUngayithatha kanjani iMildronate yabasubathi: imiyaloIsibonakaliso sokuthatha i-meldonium kwezemidlalo isimo esijwayelekile sokweqisa.Ezifundweni zesayensi ezibonisa umphumela omuhle wobumnene kubasubathi abaziingcweti, imithamo ye-0.25-1 g kabili ngosuku ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amaviki ama-2-3 wesikhathi sokuziqeqesha, izinsuku eziyi-10-14 ngaphambi komncintiswano.Lapho ethola kakhulu Umthamo onembile ubalulekile. Umthamo wansuku zonke ubalwa ngokusekelwe I-15-20 mg ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba.IMeldonium kwezemidlalo (nokwakha umzimba) yamukelwa Isikhathi esiyi-1 ngosuku imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa.Ngingathatha isikhathi esingakanani uMildronate ngaphandle kwekhefu?Isikhathi sesifundo sisuka kumaviki ayi-6 siye ezinyangeni ezi-3. Emva kwalokho, umzimba uba umlutha wesidakamizwa, ulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Ngemuva kwekhefu lamaviki ama-4, ukuvuseleleka kuyabuyiselwa.IMeldonium ingathathwa ngezindlela ezimbili: amaphilisi kanye nemijovo. Ngendlela yamathebulethi, umthamo wansuku zonke akufanele udlule i-2 amagremu. Imijovo icishe ibe kabili esebenza ngempumelelo.I-Mildronate kwesinye isikhathi iyanconywa kanye ne-L-carnitine ne-Riboxin. Esimweni sokuqala, akunangqondo, ngoba indlela yokusebenza ye-elperite ukuvimba isenzo se-carnitine.I-Meldonium kwezemidlalo nokwakha umzimba ithathwa ngesilinganiso se-15-20 mg ngegremu yesisindo somzimba 1 isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwaNgabe i-meldonium igcotshwa isikhathi esingakanani?Akukho mpendulo engenakuphikwa yombuzo mayelana nesikhathi sokuqothulwa kwe-meldonium emzimbeni, ngoba akufundwanga ososayensi.Eminye imithombo ibika ukuthi isikhathi sokukhipha esivamile Amahora angama-24 ngomthamo owodwa, uma uthathwa njalo, lapho-ke ukutholwa egazini kungenzeka ngisho nangemva kwalokho izinyanga eziningana ngemuva kokuyeka ukusetshenziswa.Abanye ochwepheshe bathi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwe-minimronate emzimbeni kwenzeka ngezinsuku eziyi-100-120.Isikhathi esiphelele sokuqothulwa kwe-meldonium emzimbeni singafinyelela izinyanga ezi-3-4 ngokusetshenziswa njaloI-Mildronate: imiphumela emibiUcwaningo olukhona lukhona ayikho imiphumela emibi kakhulu ku-meldonium.Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kokubuyekezwa okwenziwa yi-cardiologists, odokotela babheka ukuthi le ndaba ayiqondakali kahle.Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile iboniswa kwimiyalo yokusebenzisa i-mnene:i-tachycardia (ukunyuka kwenhliziyo),ukugaya okuphezulu.I-Mildronate ingumkhiqizo womkhakha wezindawo ezifundisa doping, lapho abasubathi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba befisa ukuzama (sibonga uMaria Sharapova ngalokhu).Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi nokusetshenziswa kwabasubathi baseRussia kubonisa ukusebenza kwayo okungenzeka. Izifundo ezimbalwa zesayensi ziqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-meldonium kwezemidlalo ye-aerobic (ukugijima, ukushushuluza, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile) kanye nokulamula ngamandla (okwakha umzimba, ukufaka amandla).I-Mildronate ikhishwa emzimbeni izinyanga eziningi futhi ayinamphumela mibi.Nginelungelo!Amaqanda we-Quail wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kuholela ekwakhiweni komthamboUkuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela nokwelashwaUkulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela, 2018Ama-pancake wezindlela zokupheka ezinesifo sikashukela
