I-Ultrasound ekuhlanganiseni ukwakhiwa - Hielscher Ultrasound TechnologyI-Ultrasound ekufakweni kwe-CoatingIzingxenye ezihlukahlukene, ezifana nezingulube, izigcwalisi, izithasiselo zamakhemikhali, ukuguqulwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezindlela zokuguqula izidakamizwa ziya kuguqulwa nokupenda. I-Ultrasound yindlela ephumelelayo yokusabalalisa nokumisa, ukuguqula nokugaya izingxenye ezinjalo zokugqoka.I-Ultrasound isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezingubo ze:emulsification ama-polymers ezinkambeni ezinamandlaukuhlakazeka nokukhishwa okuhle Ama-pigukunciphisa usayizi Ama-nanomaterials ekugqokeni okuphezuluIzembatho ziwela emikhakheni emibili ebanzi: izinhlayiya nezembatho ezisekelwe amanzi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunenselele. Izikhombisi zifuna Ukunciphisa kwe-VOC futhi amanani aphezulu axazululwayo akhuthaza ukukhula emkhatsini wezobuchwepheshe bokugqoka ama-resin. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasonication kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okunjalo izinhlelo ze-eco-friendly.I-Ultrasound ingasiza abakhiqizi bezakhiwo zokwakha, izimboni, izimoto kanye nezinkuni ukuthuthukisa izici zokumboza, ezifana namandla ombala, ukuqala, ukuqhuma kanye nokumelana kwe-UV noma ukuqhutshwa kwegesi. Ezinye zalezi zici zokugqoka zitholakala yi- ukufakwa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-nano-size, isib. i-metal oxides (i-TiO2, Silica, Ceria, ZnO, …).I-Ultrasound yenza usizo olwengeziwe ku- Ukuhlukumeza (ubuningi obuthintekayo) futhi i-degassing (igesi elincibilikisiwe) lemikhiqizo enobungane kakhulu.Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic dispersing bungasetshenziswa I-Lab, ibhentshi-phezulu futhi izinga lokukhiqiza, okuvumela ukuba ama-throughput amanani angaphezu kwamathani ayi-10 / ihora asetshenziswa ku-R&D isigaba kanye nokukhiqiza kwezohwebo. Imiphumela yenkambiso ingafakwa kalula kalula (eqondile).Amadivayisi we-Hielscher ultrasonic kakhulu amandla ephumelelayo. Amadivayisi aguqula i-approx. Amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-90 emandla okufakelwa kagesi abe ngumsebenzi womshini oketshezi. Lokhu kubangela izindleko zokucubungula eziphansi.Ngezansi, ungafunda mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasound ku- i-emulsification yama-polymers ezinkambeni ezinamandla, the ukuhlakazeka nokugaya ama-pigment, futhi ukunciphisa usayizi wama-nanomaterials.I-Emulsion PolymerizationIzakhiwo zokugqoka zendabuko zisebenzisa isisekelo se-polymer chemistry. I shintshela ku-technology based based coating technology inomthelela ekukhetheni impahla eluhlaza, izakhiwo kanye nendlela yokwakha.E-emulsion polymerization evamile, isb for zokugqoka amanzi, izinhlayiya zakhiwa kusukela phakathi kuya phezulu. Izici zengqondo zithonya i-particle homogeneity kanye ne-morphology.Ukucubungula kwe-Ultrasonic kungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili ukukhiqiza ukuthuthwa kwe-polymer.I-Top Down: Emulsifying/Ukuhlakazeka wezinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-polymer ukuze kutholakale izinhlayiya ezincane ngokunciphisa usayiziIphezulu elingaphansi: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ultrasound ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi i-particle polymerizationI-Nanoparticulate Polymers e-MiniemulsionsI-polymerization yezinhlayiya ezincane ze-miniemulsions ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-polymer izinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ukulawula okuhle phezu kobukhulu bezinhlayiyana. The synthesis of nanoparticulate polymer particles in miniemulsions ("nanoreactors"), as presented by K. Landfester indlela yokwakhiwa kwe-nanoparticles ye-polymeric. Le ndlela isebenzisa inamba ephezulu ye-nanocompartments (isigaba sokuhlakazeka) emulsion njenge-nanoreactors. Kulezi, izinhlayiyana zihlanganiswa ngendlela efana kakhulu ngabanye, amaconsi avalelwe. Ephepheni lakhe (I Generation on Nanoparticles in Miniemulsions) I-Landfester inikeza i-polymerization kuma-nanoreactors ekupheleleni okuphezulu ukuze kutholakale izinhlayiyana ezifanayo ezifana nobukhulu obuncane. I isithombe ngenhla ibonisa izinhlayiya ezitholakalayo nge-polyaddition miniemulsions.Amaconsi amancane akhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa ishear ephakeme (i-ultrasonication) futhi iqiniswe ngama-agent agxilile (ama-emulsifiers), ingaba lukhuni ngokwenza i-polymerization esilandelayo noma ngokushisa kwehle ekusetshenzisweni kwama-low-temperature-melting materials. Njengoba i-ultrasonication ingaveza amaconsi amancane kakhulu ubukhulu besayizi obufanayo ekwenzeni i-batch nokukhiqiza inqubo, ivumela ukulawula okuhle phezu kobukhulu bezinhlayiya zokugcina. Ukuze i-polymerization ye-nanoparticles, i-hydrophilic monomers ingafakwa emulsified ibe isigaba sezinto eziphilayo, nama-monomers hydrophobic emanzini.Lapho ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, indawo yonke yezinhlayiya zenyuka ngesikhathi esifanayo. Isithombe ngakwesobunxele sibonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kobukhulu bezinhlayiyana kanye nomhlaba uma kwenzeka izinhlayiya eziphephile (Chofoza ukuze ubone ukubuka okukhulu!). Ngakho-ke, inani le-surfactant elidingekayo ukuze liqinise imulsion landa kakhulu ngokuhambisana nendawo yonke yezinhlayiyana. Uhlobo kanye nenani lomuntu osebenza ngokusebenzayo luthonya usayizi we-droplet. Amadonsa angama-30 kuya kwangu-200nm angatholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-surfactants e-anionic noma e-cationic.Izingulube ezigqokeIzingulube ze-Organic nezingenangqondo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokugqoka amafomu. Ukuze ukwandise i ukusebenza kwe-pigment ukulawula okuhle phezu kobukhulu bezinhlayiya kuyadingeka. Uma ufaka i-pigment ye-pigment ukuze ibe namanzi, i-solventborne noma i-epoxy systems, izinhlayiya ze-pigment ngayinye zivame ukwakha ama-agglomerate amakhulu. Izindlela eziphakeme kakhulu ze-shear, ezifana nama mixers e-rotor-stator noma ama-agitator bead beills zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuphula lezi zinhlayiya nokugaya izinhlayiya ze-pigment ngayinye. I-Ultrasonication ngempumelelo kakhulu okunye ngenxa yalesi sinyathelo ekukhiqizeni ukugqoka.Isithombe ngakwesokudla (Chofoza ukuze ubone ukubuka okukhulu!) kubonisa umthelela we-sonication ngobukhulu be-pearl luster pigment. I-ultrasound igaya izinhlayiya ze-pigment ngayinye nge-speed speed-inter-particle collision. Inzuzo eveleleUltrasonic processing over high speed mixers, media mills is the more consistent processing of all particles. This reduces the problem of "tailing". As it can be seen on the picture, the distribution curves are almost shifted to the left. Generally, ultrasonication does produce extremely ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana usayizi ukusatshalaliswa (curve milling curves). Lokhu kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi jikelele ye-dispersions ye-pigment, njengoba izinhlayiya ezinkulu zivame ukuphazamisa ukucubungula ikhono, isicwebezeli, ukumelana nokubukeka kwe-optical.Kusukela i-particle Ukukhokha futhi ukugaya kusekelwe inter-izinhlayiyana ukushayisana ngomphumela we cavitation ultrasonic, amakhemikhali e-ultrasonic angabamba kahle ukugxila okuqinile (isib. ama-master batches) futhi namanje ukukhiqiza imiphumela emihle yokunciphisa usayizi. Ithebula elingezansi likhombisa izithombe ze-wet-milling ye-TiO2 (Chofoza ezithombeni ukuze ubone umbono omkhulu!).TiO2 kusuka egazini lebholaspray omisiwe TiO2Isithombe kwesokudla (Chofoza ukuze ubone ukubuka okukhulu!) Kubonisa ukuthi ama-curve usayizi wokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-Deaggomerom degussa anatase titanium dioxide nge-ultrasonication. Ukuma okuncane kwekhava ngemuva kwe-sonication kuyisici esivamile sokucubungula kwe-ultrasonic.Izinto zokwenza izinto ze-Nanosize ezembathweni eziphezulu zokusebenzaI-Nanotechnology itheknoloji ephumayo eyenza izimboni eziningi. Ama-nanomaterials kanye ne-nanocomposites asetshenziselwa ukugqoka ama-formulations, isib. Ukukhulisa ukuthungula nokuqina ukumelana noma ukuqina kwe-UV. Inselelo enkulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezingubo zokugqoka ukugcinwa kokubonakala, ukucaca, nokugcoba. Ngakho-ke, i-nanoparticles ibe yincane kakhulu ukugwema ukuphazamiseka nombono obonakalayo wokukhanya. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kune-100nm.Ukugaya okumanzi kwezingxenye eziphezulu zokusebenza kumkhawulo we-nanometer kuba isinyathelo esibalulekile ekusungulweni kwezingubo ezingenayo. Noma yiziphi izinhlayiya eziphazamisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kubangele i-haze nokulahleka ekukhanyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukusabalalisa ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kuyadingeka. I-Ultrasonication iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu ye ukukhishwa okuhle of solid. cavitation ultrasonic eziketshezi zidala ukushayisana okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlayiyana. Ngokungafani nemishini yokugqoka eyizinyosi kanye namatshe okugcoba, ama-particles ngokwabo aqhudelana, ukunikeza imidiya yokugaya ingadingekile.Izinkampani, like I-Panadur (eJalimane) sebenzisa amadivaysi e-ultrasonic e-Hielscher we-dispersing and deaggomerom of nanomaterials ngaphakathi kokubunjwa kwesikhunta. Chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokhu.Ngokwe-sonication yeziphuzo ezinokutsha noma izixazululo ezindaweni eziyingozi ze-FM ne-ATEX-certified deivces, njenge- I-UIP1000-Exd ziyatholakala.Cela ulwazi oluthe xaxa kulolu hlelo lokusebenza!Behrend, O., Schubert, H. (2001): Umthelela wokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic kanye nokuqukethwe kwegesi kwi-emulsification eqhubekayo ye-ultrasound, ku: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 8 (2001) 271-276.I-Landfester, K. (2001): I Generation of Nanoparticles in Miniemulsions; Ku: Izinto eziphambili ze-2001, 13, No-10, Meyi17th. I-Wiley-VCH.Hielscher, T. (2005): Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ultrasonic ye-Nano-Size Dispersions kanye ne-Emulsions, ku: Proceedings of European Nanosystems Conference ENS’05.I-Pigment iyahlakazekaUkusabalalisa okungafani
