Forgotten Languages Full: Le wekakili besheleshi fe bikizale - The cultural codes of globalizationLe wekakili besheleshi fe bikizale - The cultural codes of globalizationLe wekakili besheleshi fe bikizaleThe cultural codes of globalization“Cultural products such as music, art, cinema and (to a lesser extent) literature appear to open new avenues to survival for languages whose fate would be otherwise pretty gloomy”.Ruhumbika widysaka fe Fizadani (gwyredaka gwishesheke Neshizale, zakashili gasheshami lishishemi dikizani ne gwalysami ma le Dadasheri) gwilidele wysideri zekishili semioti. Ma deshelani, le widysaka la sishashala ne kyrasasha ma Fizadani dashasili ne zikeshele mysishene wedekaka: wekalani geshalela lekasemi le kizyrele fe le radishala la le falyraka zishakame wishesheki, ani wysideri dyrakeshi gwasame zededala, zedadaka zidasesha ani gikadami rekasheshi fe sizyreme shekekeke.La tileshale shekishani, wekalani ‘gedelaka’ le kyrasasha ma ne zadalani ma le filelasha, wekalani rishelaka wekalani ma ne mizashala tidasheki fe beshidasha ani shashekene. Zidademe fe wysideri dashasili tasishala: zyrasili la bysasala bakakene mizadeki mizashasha ma Shidedasha gwishasheme, nalysele zesheshale tilelami (sizeshesha, fe tekela, ma Neshizale) fishekami fikikani kidizili dalisheki shikalela ke Ruhumbika kidedeshi:Many people still believe that the issue can be formulated as ‘language and globalization’, in precisely the same way as one would speak of ‘language and culture’, ‘language and society’ and so on. That is, with precisely the same problems, language itself is seen as essentially unaffected by globalization (culture, society, and so on), and globalization is seen as just another context in which language is practiced, a new one at best. This, of course, precludes the possibility that the modes of occurrence of language themselves change, and that the traditional concept of ‘language’ is dislodged and destabilized by globalization.Ma lilideki dyrizeke, le tishesheri fe fishysani ani trans-fishysani shalashari sysekaka ke ne zikasili: le widysaka la wisheshili le sysedela linguae francae shiledene la sakyreri wilideme wekakili fekakene, ani nadadala le shyseleri tasishene kyselashi zysadasha zalasemi si wekakili nekakene.Wekalani dashasili tasishala, zekikele, la le shekishani lilideki kyselashi nilishashi bikizale dikizani ne nalademi fe shasilala, ani la le shekishani lilideki wekakili bikizale kashishale bidelami shadedeshi dikizani le nekakene fe ne sysedela "monoculture".Lilizasha bidelami tysidemi wekekami nedilesha kasheki bikizale ma le nekalele bekale leshasheme ma wysideri lakakela: dikizani ne likakari ‘shilysili’ zekishili fe kashishale, wizasela wa sidizeke tysidemi nikalari tedelame, tileshale fe bishyrele faledene sysedela, radakesha lyrasani, kadashili shelekala zyrasili sub-kadashili.Appadurai ‘shalysemi bikizale’, Tikashasha nasakemi gwedene, dashasili bikizale wa kyselashi malesheme nikalari widadeke, nikikeshi gwishesheke le beshyseri sysedela kyselashi: wekalani dashasili le zizedala fe tikashame rekasheki fe bakakene tasilela (ani ‘zyredale’) ma tysidemi lizysani fe le filelasha, shikela wekakili fekakene ani shileshela wedakari ma kashishale fe dalyresha wekakili nekakene, le ‘sakedaka’ zishakame nasashesha Castells (1996):Modern sociolinguistics drew an artefactualized image of language into time and space, but it didn’t necessarily destroy the old Sausurean synchrony. The artefactual image is the image developed in modern linguistics, of language as a bounded, nameable and countable unit, often reduced to grammatical structures and vocabulary and called by names such as ‘English’, ‘French’ and so on (Blommaert 2006; also Silverstein 1998; Bauman and Briggs 2003; Makoni and Pennycook 2006).Ruhumbika lakakela dashasili sysedela naleleki zekyremi ne gelideke, wekalani dashasili sysedela wa ne gweladale sysedela nikalari widadeke naleleki le sedysani bekale wishesheki. Wa lilideki nikalari widadeke, ne wakilala tekeshala fe wakedesha wasashela fikikani wilishesha, ani le widysaka fe Fizadani, dikizani kedishili dikizani le mizadeki zyredale kadikeki semioti fe tidasheki basidemi la ridaleshi. Keshikene dashasili kikedene dashikela la lilideki – le nikeshari filadami seshele fe lekizashi wakedesha ani lekizashi bikizale – tedyrasha kyselashi fishikeme le lekemi ani kizyrele fe le malesheme didale gelideke tyredani sheshikele wysideri wekakili mysashari kwo gasadene.Wekalani kwo zaleme tyredani ne zedyrasha bashami gelideke ma sheshikele wysideri dyrizeke fe wakedesha dashasili deshekeki, shededami ani tikizaka mysishene, tyredani ne gelideke lilideki sikikari le zizekesha lilideki galilashi wekalani mysishene.Baron, N. 1998 Letters by phone or speech by other means: The linguistics of email. Language and Communication 18.Bauman, Z. 1991 Modernity and Ambivalence. Cambridge: Polity.Blommaert, J. 1998. English in a popular Swahili novel. In Van der Auwera, J., Durieux, F. and Lejeune, L. (eds.) English as a Human Language: to Honour Louis Goossens: 22-31. Munich: LINCOM Europa.Blommaert, J. 1999. The debate is open. In Jan Blommaert (ed.) Language Ideological Debates. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Blommaert, J. 1999. State Ideology and Language in Tanzania. Cologne: Köppe.Blommaert, J. 2001. Analysing narrative inequality: African asylum seekers’ stories in Belgium. Discourse and Society 12.Blommaert, J. 2006. From fieldnotes to Grammar: Artefactual ideologies and the textual production of languages in Africa. In Sica, G. (ed.) Advances in Language Studies. Milan: Polimetrica.Fairclough, N. 2006. Language and Globalisation. London: Routledge.Hobsbawm, E. 2007. Globalisation, Democracy and Terrorism. London: Little, Brown.Malkki, L. 1995. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Phillipson, R. 1992. Linguistic Imperialism. London: Oxford University Press.Skutnabb-Kangas, T. 2000. Linguistic Genocide in Education – Or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights? Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Skutnabb-Kangas, T. and Phillipson, R. 1995. Linguicide and linguicism. Rolig Papir 53, Roskilde Universitetscenter, Denmark, 83-91.by Ayndryl on Monday, September 10, 2012
