Kuzokwenzekani uma? > Isifo sikashukelaUma kunoshukela omningi uzoshukelaAbantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukulutha kumaswidi kungadala ukuvela kwesifo esibi njengesifo sikashukela. Ngisho nodokotela abaningi bathi ukudla ukudla okulimazayo kungadala izinkinga zokukhiqiza i-insulin. Ukudla okwandayo kokudla okumnandi emzimbeni kubangela ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wamaseli we-beta, aqala ukusebenza ngendlela ecindezelayo. Kodwa nokho, abaningi banesifiso embuzweni oyinhloko: ingabe ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka uma kunoshukela omningi.Ukungasebenzisi njalo ukudla okumnandi njalo kungadala le nqubo ye-pathological, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sifo sinezici eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokuvusa inkanuko. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukubheka ngokucophelela izici zalesi sifo.Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lesi sifo. Imvamisa, esimweni esejwayelekile, isilinganiso se-glucose esegazini sihambelana nezinkomba kusuka ku-3.3 kuye ku-5.5 mol. Uma lezi zinkomba ziphakeme, khona-ke kuleli cala kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sikashukela. Futhi, lezi zinkomba zingakhuphuka uma umuntu edla amaswidi amaningi noma ephuza inani elikhulu lotshwala.Le pathology ingavela iphikisana nesizinda sezifo ezilandelayo zegciwane:Ezicubu ze-adipose kunezinqubo ezinomthelela ocindezelayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke, isisusa salokhu kugula siyabonakala ikakhulu kubantu abanesisindo somzimba esithe xaxa.Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism yamafutha kudala ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol namanye ama-lipoprotein ebusweni bezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Njengomphumela, kuvela izingwevu. Ekuqaleni, le nqubo inengxenye, bese kuba nokunciphisa okuqinile kakhulu kwe-lumen yemikhumbi kwenzeka. Umuntu ogulayo unomuzwa wokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuthinta isimo semilenze, ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yenhliziyo.Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugqamisa izinto ezimbalwa ezicasulayo ezibangela isifo sikashukela:Ukuba khona kwengcindezi engapheli.Amanye ama-pathologies wesibindi nezinso.I-Pathology ye-pancreas.Ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba.Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithile.Ukudla esivame ukukudla kuvame ukuba nomthelela ekukhuliseni ushukela wegazi. Lapho kudliwa okumnandi nokunye ukudla okulimazayo, kuphuma ushukela oyinkimbinkimbi emzimbeni. Lapho kuqhubeka ukugaya ushukela, adlulela esimweni sikashukela, esimunca negazi.Imvamisa isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho i-insulin ye-hormone iyeka ukukhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu ngenani elifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zamazinga kashukela azimele yobudala. Ngakho-ke, uma inkomba ye-glucose ingaphezulu kunokwejwayelekile, khona-ke isiguli sinconywa ukubonana nodokotela ukuze ahlolwe elebhu.Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma kunoswidi omningi, khona-ke ukwanda koshukela wegazi kanye nesifo sikashukela kungavela emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kepha into ukuthi egazini akulona ushukela osetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-dessert, kepha into yamakhemikhali yi-glucose.Njengomthetho, ushukela ongena emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokudla kokudla okuhlukahlukene okumnandi, amasistimu wokugaya agqekeza abe ushukela.Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi ukwakheka kwalesi sifo kuthinteka kakhulu hhayi ngamaswidi, kodwa ngokukhuluphala. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane etholwe phakathi nokuhlolwa okuningi ifakazela ukuthi ukwanda kokudla ushukela kungadala ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwe-endocrine, ngisho nakubantu abanesisindo somzimba esijwayelekile.Ngakho-ke, ukudla okumnandi ukuphela kwento okucasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Uma umuntu eqala ukusebenzisa amaswidi amancane, isimo sakhe sizothuthuka kakhulu. Futhi, lesi sifo singanda uma sidla ukudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate. Yini ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate amaningi:Izinga elikhulayo lama-carbohydrate aqukethe emikhiqizweni engenhla alilethi inzuzo enkulu, kepha lapho le mikhiqizo isetshenziswa, umzimba ugcwala amandla adingekayo. Kepha uma usebenzisa inani elinyukayo lale mikhiqizo futhi ungenzi umsebenzi owanele womzimba, khona-ke umphumela ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesifo sikashukela.Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, noma ngubani angathola isifo sikashukela, noma ngabe unesisindo nobudala. Kodwa noma kunjalo, iqembu lengozi lifaka ikakhulukazi iziguli ezinesisindo somzimba esandisiwe. Kodwa ukuze uvikele lesi sifo esiyingozi, kufanelekile ukunamathela kwezinye izindlela zokuvimbela.Odokotela abaningi batusa izindlela ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:Okokuqala, isiguli nodokotela wakhe ohambelayo kufanele bahlakulele isu elikhethekile lokudla okufanele.Uma lesi sifo sitholwa enganeni, khona-ke abazali kufanele baqaphele njalo ukudla kwabo.Kunconywa ukuthi kulondolozwe ibhalansi yamanzi njalo emzimbeni, ngoba inqubo yokuthatha ushukela ayikwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-insulin kanye nesilinganiso esanele soketshezi.Odokotela abaningi batusa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela baphuze ingilazi yamanzi okuphuza ngaphandle kwegesi esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni. Amanzi kufanele aphuzwe ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye. Iziphuzo ezinjengetiye, ikofi, ushukela omnandi, utshwala abukwazi ukubuyisa imali esele yomzimba.Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ukudla okunempilo, ngoba ngaphandle kwakho, ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ngeke zilethe imiphumela elindelekile.Okumnandi kufanele kuthathelwe indawo noshukela abahlukahlukene. Lezi zingxenye azinamphumela oyingozi empilweni, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zingakwazi ukufezekisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuyekethisa kwikhwalithi nokunambitheka.Ukuze uthuthukise umsebenzi womzimba, udinga ukusebenzisa okusanhlamvu okuphelele, ilayisi elinsundu, ufulawa we-bran.Kuyafaneleka ukukhawulela imikhiqizo kafulawa namazambane.Uma kuvela izimpawu nezinkinga, kufanele ulahle ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha omkhiqizo nemikhiqizo yobisi.Ungadli ngemuva kwe-19,00.Ngesifo sikashukela, kunconywa ukunamathela ekudleni okukhethekile. Ukudla kufanele kube yingxenye yama-carbohydrate, ama-30% amaprotheni, amafutha e-20%.Yidla kaningi, nsuku zonke kufanele kudliwe okungenani amahlandla amane. Uma lesi sifo sincike i-insulin, khona-ke isikhathi esifanayo kufanele sidlule phakathi kokudla nemijovo.Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo esibi, udinga ukusebenzisa amaswidi amancane. Ukudla okumnandi okuvusa ukubukeka kwalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, odokotela abaningi batusa ukuqapha ukondliwa kwezingane zabo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kungakuhle ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kokudla ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate. Ukudla okunempilo nokufanele ngeke kusize kuphela ukuvikela isifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi.Izimbangela Zesifo SikashukelaUkulutha kwamaswidi kukhulisa ubungozi besifo sikashukela, kepha akubangeli ngokuqondile ukukhula kwalesi sifoIngabe amaswidi abangela ushukela?Amaswidi aholela ukukhuluphala, okungadala isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2Odokotela abaningi batusa izincomo ezilandelayo zokuvimbela:Ukukopisha izinto ezivela esizeni kungenzeka kuphela ngesixhumanisi esizeni sethu.QAPHELA! Lonke ulwazi olukule sayithi ludumisa imininingwane futhi aluchazi ukuthi luqonde kangakanani ngokubuka kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa kumele kwenziwe ngudokotela ofanelekayo. Ukuzelapha, ungazilimaza!Umqondo wesifo sikashukelaUkuqonda ukuthi ushukela ungasithinta kanjani lesi sifo, udinga ukubheka umqondo wesifo sikashukela ngemininingwane eminingi. Lesi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle ekushintshaniseni amanzi nama-carbohydrate. Lokhu kucasule ukwephulwa kwamanyikwe. Nguye okhiqiza i-insulin. Futhi le hormone ihlanganisa ushukela ube ushukela. Ngendlela ushukela, ushukela ungena kuzo zonke izitho ngokusebenza kwazo okujwayelekile. Igazi lomuntu ngamunye kufanele libe noshukela othize. Kepha uma inani labo selidluliwe, khona-ke izinkinga ziqala. Uma ama-pancreas engahambisani nomsebenzi wawo, akhiqiza i-insulin encane, okudingekayo ukufakwa koshukela. Amanani kashukela akhuphuka, futhi izinqubo ze-metabolic ezihlobene namanzi ziyaphazamiseka. Izicubu zomzimba ngeke zisakwazi ukubamba umswakama, ukuphuma komzimba kuqala. Isifo sikashukela yi-Blood Extension Ushukela. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunoshukela omningi egazini, kepha izitho zantula ushukela.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukelaIsifo sikashukela sokuncika. Kungenzeka kube ngofuzo. Imvamisa kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Inkambo yesifo ibi kakhulu, isiguli sihlala sidinga i-insulin.Isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin. Kwande kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile. Akunasici sofuzo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luyatholakala. Esigulini esikhulu seziguli, lolu hlobo luyavela. I-insulin ayidingi njalo.Ngokusobala, uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela alunakubangelwa ukudakwa kakhulu koshukela.Ngabe kuzoba noshukela uma kunoswidi oluningi?Sasihlala sitshelwa: "Uzohlala udla amaswidi - uzogula nesifo sikashukela." Kepha hhayi amazinyo amnandi njalo aphethwe yilesi sifo, futhi lesi sifo asisongeli abathandi bamaqebelengwane nashokoleti. Izimbangela zeqiniso ze-pathology azikho kulokhu."Kusuka kuSomnandi kuzovela ushukela." Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabantu emhlabeni bayazethemba lesi sitatimende. Siphuthuma ukujabulisa izinyo elimnandi, ngoba ukusetshenziswa njalo koshukela akuholeli ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela.Ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kweshukela nohlobo 2 lweshukela?Ushukela wegazi noshukela esiwudlayo imiqondo ehlukene.Ushukela wegazi ushukela olulula kakhulu maqondana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Ushukela ungena emizimbeni yethu ngaphansi kwesitashi nangemva kokuqhekeka phansi ushukela. I-glucose ingena egazini futhi ingena kuzo zonke izitho zangaphakathi. Lapho umuntu ephilile, ushukela egazini lakhe uhlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga ajwayelekile. Uma ngabe le nkomba iphezulu, kusho ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela noma usanda kudla amaswidi. Kulokhu, ukweqa ushukela ngeke kube yinde. I-insulini isheshe iqondise le nkomba. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwamaswidi ngeke kuholele kushukela.Omunye umbuzo ukuthi amaswidi noshukela - Ukudla okunama-khalori aphezulu. Ngenxa yokuphila kwethu nje kokudla nokungadli kahle, izinyo elimnandi lingakhipha ukukhuluphala. Kepha kungavele kubangele ushukela.Ngakho-ke, ushukela omningi, noma ngokungaqondile, unomphumela ekuqaleni kwesifo sikashukela.Ingabe abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangadla amaswidi?Phambilini, imikhiqizo efanayo ibingafakwa eceleni ekudleni kwabanesifo sikashukela, kepha umuthi wanamuhla awume futhi amarejista okwelashwa aseshintshile. Ukuze ugcine ushukela wakho uzinzile, kumele sidle ama-50% ama-carbohydrate nsuku zonke ekudleni kwethu. Ukudla kwanamuhla kwabanesifo sikashukela kukuvumela ukuba ulondoloze ushukela wegazi njalo ezingeni elithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-carbohydrate kufanele abe yinkimbinkimbi, futhi hhayi kalula ukugaya ukudla.Njengoba ubona, amaswidi amaningi nsuku zonke awasebenzi ngqo kulesi sifo. Kepha kungasithinta ngokungaqondile lesi sifo, kubangele ukukhuluphala.Ngabe isifo singakhula uma umuntu engadli amaswidi nhlobo? Maye, kungaba, futhi ngokushesha. Akunandaba noma hlobo luni lokudla olwavusa ukukhuluphala. Kungaba ushokoledi, noma ukusikwa. Kunoma ikuphi, ukweqisa kwama-carbohydrate kuholela kulesi sifo.Izinganekwane mayelana namaswidiKungenzeka yini ukuthi uthole isifo sikashukela uma ushiya ushukela futhi uye esikhundleni saboshukela? Abaningi ngokuqondile esikhundleni sikashukela agayiwe baqala ukusebenzisa ama-sweeteners. Siyakuqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo inomphumela olimazayo, uma kungenjalo kumanyikwe, ke kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungawudlulisi ngoshukela.Uma kunoswidi oluningi lwabantu abangafuni ukugcwala, akukho okuzokwenzeka. Lesi akusona isitatimende esilungile, ngoba futhi kunesifo sohlobo 1, esivame ukuthintwa kakhulu ngabantu esibabiza ngokuthi mncane. Leli fomu livela ekucabangeni kwefa. Yize kunjalo, akekho owaziyo ukuthi ungaba nesifo sikashukela emndenini wakho.Izithelo akuzona amaswidi, awukwazi ukuzikhawulela. Eqinisweni, izithelo ezimnandi ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-kilojoule, ngakho-ke inani labo kufanele lilinganiselwe ukuze bangazitholi ngokweqile.Uju kungumkhiqizo wemvelo ongadliwa nganoma yisiphi isamba. Ngeshwa, uju, njengoshukela, unokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphezulu, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo njalo kungabuyekisa ukukhuluphala.Ngakho-ke, amaswidi akuyona imbangela yalesi sifo, kodwa angathinta ngokungafanele ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ngakho-ke inani labo kufanele lilinganiselwe ekudleni kwakho.Ngokuchofoza inkinobho yokuhambisa, wamukela imigomo yenqubomgomo yobumfihlo futhi unikeza imvume yakho ekucutshungweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu ngemigomo nezinhloso ezichazwe kuyo.Isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho umzimba wakho ungasakwazi ukulawula ushukela wegazi ngempumelelo.Lokhu kungenzeka lapho ama-pancreas akho eyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, lapho amaseli akho ehluleka ukumelana ne-insulin ekhiqizayo, noma lapho kwenzeka kanyekanye (1).I-insulin yi-hormone edingekayo ukuze ususe ushukela usuka egazini uye emangqamuzaneni akho, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okwanele noma ukumelana ne-insulin kungadala ushukela wegazi ophakeme.Ushukela ophezulu wegazi isikhathi eside kungaholela ezinkingeni, njengengozi ekhulayo yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo, kanye nomonakalo wezinzwa nezinso, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyigcina ingaphansi kokulawulwa (2).Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zesifo sikashukela, ngasinye sazo esinembangela ehlukile:Thayipha 1: Kwenzeka lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela ama-pancreas akho, echitha amandla ayo okukhiqiza i-insulin.Uhlobo 2: Kwenzeka lapho ama-pancreas akho eyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele, lapho amaseli womzimba wakho engasaphenduli i-insulin ayikhiqizayo, noma womabili.Uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo sikashukela aluvamile, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sofuzo, futhi lwenza kuphela i-5-10% yazo zonke izimo zesifo sikashukela mellitus (3).Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, okuzoba kuzogxilwa kulo mbhalo, kubalwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 amacala esifo sikashukela futhi okubangelwa ikakhulu yizakhi zomsoco nezindlela zokuphila (4).Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyindlela ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho umzimba wakho uyeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin eyanele noma lapho amangqamuzana ehluleka ukumelana ne-insulin ekhiqizwayo, okuholela emazingeni kashukela egazi aphakeme.Ushukela ulungiswa kanjaniLapho abantu abaningi bekhuluma ngoshukela, kusho ukuthi ama-sucrose noma ushukela wethebula, owenziwe ngamabhungane kashukela noma umoba.I-Sucrose iqukethe i-molecule eyodwa kashukela ne-molecule eyodwa ye-fructose ehlanganiswe ndawonye.Lapho udla ama-sucrose, ama-glucose nama-molecule we-fructose ahlukaniswa ngama-enzyme asesiswini esincane ngaphambi kokufakwa egazini lakho (5).Lokhu kuphakamisa ushukela wegazi futhi kusayina ama-pancreas akho ukukhipha i-insulin. I-insulin idlulisa ushukela usuka egazini uye ezingqamuzaneni zakho, lapho lungasekelwa khona amandla.Ngenkathi inani elincane le-fructose lingangenwa nangamaseli futhi lisetshenziselwe amandla, iningi lidluliselwa esibindini sakho, lapho liguqulwa libe yi-glucose yamandla noma amafutha ukuze ligcinwe (6).Njengoba i-fructose ingaguqulwa ibe ngamafutha, amazinga aphezulu okudla kwayo aholela ekunyukeni kwama-triglycerides, angakhuphula ubungozi bokuthola izifo zenhliziyo kanye namafutha esibindi (7, 8).I-Fructose metabolism iphakamisa namazinga wegazi uric acid. Uma lezi zinhlayiya ze-uric acid zihlala emalungeni akho, isimo esibuhlungu esaziwa ngokuthi yi-gout singakhula (9).Uma udla ushukela omningi kunokuba umzimba wakho ungawusebenzela amandla, okwedlulele kuguqulwa kube ngamafutha acid bese kugcinwa njengamafutha.Ushukela ushukela usetshenziswa kakhulu ngumzimba wakho ukukhiqiza amandla, kuthi i-fructose ingene esibindini sakho ukuze iphenduke ushukela noma amafutha. Ukudla okuphezulu kwe-fructose kuhlotshaniswa ne-triglycerides ephakeme, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha, kanye ne-gout.Ingabe ukusebenzisa ushukela kuyandisa ingozi yami yokuba nesifo sikashukela?Inombolo enkulu yocwaningo ikhombisile ukuthi abantu abahlala baphuza iziphuzo ezinoshukela banengozi enkulu engaba ngu-25% yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (10).Eqinisweni, ukuphuza isiphuzo esisodwa nje esinoshukela oshukela ngosuku kukhulisa ubungozi bakho nge-13%, kungakhathalekile ukutholwa kwesisindo lokhu okungakubangela (11).Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe anesifo sikashukela esiphezulu kakhulu nawo anezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lesifo sikashukela 2, kuyilapho amanani aphansi kakhulu enamazinga aphansi entuthuko yalesi sifo (12).Ukuxhumana phakathi kokudla ushukela nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus kuyaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokulawula umthamo ophelele wekhalori, isisindo somzimba, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokuzivocavoca (13).Yize lezi zifundo zingafakazi ukuthi ushukela ubangela isifo sikashukela, usoseshini uqinile.Abaphenyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla ukudla ushukela kukhulisa ubungozi bakho bokuba nesifo sikashukela, ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile.Lokhu kungandisa ngqo ubungozi bakho ngenxa yemiphumela ye-fructose esibindini sakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwesibindi esinamafutha, ukuvuvukala, nokumelana ne-insulin okwenziwe endaweni (9, 14, 15).Le miphumela ingabangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okungajwayelekile futhi ikhulise nengozi yohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela (14, 16).Ukudla isamba esikhulu sikashukela kungakhulisa nengozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela, kube nomthelela ekutholekeni kwesisindo kanye nasekunyukeni kwamafutha omzimba, okuyizici eziyingcuphe ezihlukile zokuthuthukisa ushukela mellitus (17).Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zezilwane zibonisa ukuthi ukudla ushukela omkhulu kungaphazamisa ukumiswa kwe-leptin (i-hormone ekusiza ukuthi uzizwe ugcwele), okuholela ekuzondeni ngokweqile nasekuzuzeni isisindo (18, 19).Ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokudla ushukela omningi, i-WHO incoma ukuthi kungatholakali ama-10% kilojoule wakho nsuku zonke kusuka kushukela ongeziwe, okungukuthi, esimweni sabo semvelo, abekho ekudleni (20).Ushukela ongeziwe, ikakhulukazi eziphuzweni ezinoshukela, zihlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yomphumela oqondile kashukela esibindini sakho, kanye nomphumela ongaqondile wokuthola isisindo.Ushukela wemvelo awunawo umphumela ofanayo.Ngenkathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-ushukela amaningi ongeziwe kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela, lokhu akusebenzi kushukela wemvelo (21).Ushukela wemvelo ushukela obakhona kuzithelo nemifino futhi awangezwa ngenkathi kukhiqizwa noma lapho kusenziwa.Njengoba lezi zinhlobo zikashukela zikhona ku-matrix ye-fiber yokudla, amanzi, ama-antioxidants, nezinye izakhi zomzimba, ziyaxilongwa futhi zidonswe kancane futhi azibangeli ama-spikes emazingeni kashukela wegazi.Izithelo nemifino nakho kuqukethe ushukela omncane kakhulu ngesisindo kunokudla okuningi okusetshenzwe, okwenza kube lula ukulawula ukusetshenziswa.Isibonelo, i-peach iqukethe cishe ushukela ongu-8% ngesisindo, kanti ibha ye-Snickers chocolate iqukethe ushukela ongu-50% ngesisindo (22, 23).Yize ucwaningo luxubekile, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi ukudla okungenani ukukhonzwa kwezithelo ngosuku kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola ushukela ngo-7-13% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuswela izithelo (24, 25).Kuthiwani ngejusi yezithelo?Ucwaningo ngombuzo wokuthi ukuphuza ujusi wezithelo ongu-100% kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela kunikeza imininingwane exubile.Ucwaningo oluningi seluthole ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamajusi wezithelo kanye nokukhula kwesifo sikashukela, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuqukethwe ushukela okuphezulu okukujusi nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwefayibha (26, 27).Kodwa-ke, hhayi zonke izifundo eziphindaphindwe kule miphumela, ngakho-ke, izifundo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka (28).Kuthiwani ngama-sweeteners wemvelo?Noma ama-sweeteners wemvelo, afana noju, isiraphu yemaple noma i-agave, enziwe emithonjeni yezitshalo yemvelo, asagxila kakhulu njenge-sucrose noma ushukela wethebula.Lokhu kudla kuqukethe inani eliphezulu le-sucrose ne-fructose, futhi kubhekwa njengemithombo kashukela ongeziwe lapho usetshenziswa ekuphekeni.Ngakho-ke, kufanele kudliwe ngokulinganiselwe, njengawo wonke ushukela ongeziwe - ngokweqiniso, kufanele kube ngaphansi kwe-10% yamakhalori akho nsuku zonke (29).Yize ushukela ongeziwe usondelene kakhulu nentuthuko yesifo sikashukela, ushukela wemvelo otholakala kuzithelo nemifino awunawo umphumela ofanayo.Ingabe ama-sweeteners wokufakelwa ayandisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela?Ama-sweeteners okwenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, izinto ezinambitheka-ezimnandi ezingeke zenziwa ngabantu ukukhiqiza amandla. Ngakho-ke, zinikeza ukunambitheka okumnandi ngaphandle kwama-kilojoule.Yize ama-sweeteners okwenziwa engalikhulisi ushukela wegazi, ahambisana nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana ne-insulin kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela (30).Ukuphuza isiphuzo esisodwa nje se-carbonated isiphuzo ngosuku kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ekhulayo yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngokuqhathanisa nokuphuza iziphuzo ezidliwayo ze-carbonated (11, 30).Akukaziwa ukuthi kungani ama-sweeteners wokufakelwa andisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela, kepha kunemibono eminingi.Umbono owodwa uthi ukudla okumuncu okwenziwe ngabenzi kukhulisa izifiso zokudla okunoshukela, okuholela ekudleni ushukela omningi kanye nesisindo somzimba esinyukayo, okuandisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela (31).Okunye okushiwo ukuthi ama-sweeteners okwenziwa emzimbeni aphazamisa amandla omzimba wakho ukunxephezela kahle amakhalori adliwe ushukela, njengoba ubuchopho bakho buhlobanisa ukunambitheka okumnandi nama-kilojoule angama-zero (32).Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-sweeteners okwenziwa okwazi ukuguqula izinto angashintsha uhlobo nenombolo yamagciwane ekholoni lakho, angaba nomthelela ekungabekezeleleni ushukela, ukuqina kwesisindo, kanye nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (33).Yize kunobudlelwano obucacile phakathi kwamakhemikhali enziwa oshukela noshukela, ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kuhlobene kanjani.Yize ukudla neziphuzo ezinziwe ngoshukela okwenziwa ngaphandle kungenashukela futhi kunama-kilojoule ambalwa kunokudla okungezwe ushukela, kusahambisana nesifo sikashukela. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, kudingeka ucwaningo oluningi.Ezinye izinto ezisengozini zesifo sikashukelaYize ukuphuza ushukela omkhulu ongeziwe kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yokuba nesifo sikashukela, ezinye izinto eziningi nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile, ngokwesibonelo:Isisindo somzimba: Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukukhuluphala kungenye yezimpawu eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kepha ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba samaphesenti angama-5- 10 kuphela kunganciphisa ubungozi (34).Umsebenzi womzimba: Abantu abaphila impilo yokuhlala phansi cishe baphindwe kabili kunalokho abangakwazi ukukhulisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 njengalabo abasebenzayo. Imizuzu engu-150 ngeviki yomsebenzi olinganiselayo inganciphisa ingozi yakho (35, 36).Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi ongu-20 noma ngaphezulu ngosuku ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwengozi yakho yokuba nesifo sikashukela, kepha ukuyeka ukubhema kunciphisa ingozi ecishe ibe amazinga ajwayelekile (37).Ukulala i-apnea: I-apnea yokulala, isimo lapho ukuphefumula kunzima khona ebusuku kuyindlela ehlukile yesifo sikashukela (38, 39).Izakhi zofuzo: Ingozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ingama-40% uma omunye wabazali bakho enalesi sifo futhi cishe angama-70% uma bobabili abazali begula (40).Yize ukudla ukudla ushukela kungathinta ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo sikashukela, kukude kakhulu kwento enegalelo kulesi sifo. Ukudla, indlela yokuphila kanye nezici zofuzo nakho kudlala indima.Ungadla kanjani ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yesifo sikashukelaNgaphezu kokwehliswa kokudla ushukela ongeziwe, kunezinye izinguquko eziningi zokudla ongazenza ukwehlisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo sikashukela:Sebenzisa konke ukudla: Ukudla okugcwele amantongomane, izithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu okugcwele kuhlotshaniswa nengozi encishisiwe yokuba nesifo sikashukela (36, 41, 42).Phuza ikhofi: Ukuphuza ikhofi kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Inkomishi ngayinye yekhofi edliwayo nsuku zonke ihlotshaniswa nokwehliswa okungu-7% kwengozi yesifo sikashukela (43).Yidla imifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza: Ukudla okucebile ngemifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza kuhlotshaniswa nokwehliswa okungu-14% engcupheni yokuba nesifo sikashukela (44).Phuza utshwala obulinganiselayo: Ukuphuza ngokweqile izidakamizwa ezifika ezi-4 ngosuku kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi engama-30% yokuthola isifo sikashukela kuqhathaniswa nokuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile (45).* Isiphuzo esidakayo esingu-1 (isiphuzo) = 1 ingilazi ye-vodka engama-40% noma i-cognac (40 ml), ingilazi engu-1 ye-12% iwayini (i-150 ml), ingilazi engu-1 ye-7% yotshwala be-malt (i-230 ml) noma ingilazi engu-1 encane kabhiya u-5% (i-350 ml) .Uma kunzima ngokwengqondo ngokwengqondo ukuthi wehlise ngokushesha ushukela owengeziwe, ungaqala ngokumane unciphise ukuthathwa kweziphuzo ezinoshukela, okuwumthombo ophambili woshukela owengeziwe (46).Lolu shintsho oluncane lungaba nomthelela omkhulu.Funda amalebula wokudla ngokucophelela, ngoba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zoshukela ezisetshenziswa ekudleni.Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ukudla kwakho ushukela ngenkathi usajabulela ukudla okumnandi nokunempilo, ngakho-ke awudingi ukuzizwa ulahliwe.Ukunciphisa inani likashukela oludliwayo, kanye nokudla okugcwele izithelo, imifino kanye nekhofi ngokuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo sikashukela.
