Amagilebhisi | Umlimi wasemadlelweni we-intanethi | April 2020Isigaba AmagilebhisiIndlela yokukhulisa i-coreopsis endaweni yamiI-flower coreopsis ichazwa ngencazelo njenge-sunflower encane noma i-chamomile. Lesi sitshalo esingapheli sikhuthazelela ukungabi nomswakama futhi sizoqhakaza kuze kufike isithwathwa sokuqala. I-Coreopsis ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, eNyakatho Melika naseHawaii. Isitshalo sikhula kufika ku-1 m ubude. Izimbali ezinhle zilingana no-10 cm.Izici zokutshala amagilebhisi emgqeni ophakathi, izincomo kubaqalayoMhlawumbe endaweni yakho ubusika obude obude futhi i-thermometer ebusika ivame ukuwela uphawu -20, kodwa lokhu akulimazi ukutshala isivini futhi, ngokulandela iseluleko sethu, sikhula isivuno esihle kakhulu sezithelo zama-sun. Yiziphi izinhlobo zemagilebhisi okumele zikhule kubantu abaqalayo emgwaqeni ophakathi Yebo, amagilebhisi akhula cishe zonke izindlu zasehlobo.Indlela yokuvimbela nokulwa nezinambuzane zamagilebhisiAmagilebhisi, ngokuvamile, kubhekwa njengabaqinile futhi kulula ukuzala esitshalweni. Noma kunjalo, kunezinambuzane nezifo eziyingozi kakhulu kuye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kusengaphambili izinkinga ezikhona, ojwayele izinambuzane eziyaziwa kakhulu. Uyazi? Ucwaningo lwezibalo olwenziwa ososayensi lubonisa ukuthi ukuvunwa kwamagilebhisi okuvela ezinambuzane kuncishiswa minyaka yonke okungenani okwesithathu, futhi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ukuvimbela izifo, ukulahlekelwa kungafinyelela isigamu sesitshalo.Izifo zomvini ezivamile kanye nokulawula okusebenzayoIzifo zamagilebhisi - isongo esikhulu kulesi sitshalo. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezinkulu zihlala zithandwa kakhulu, naphezu komsebenzi wabalimi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukwelapha kanjani amagilebhisi ngezifo. Uyazi? Amagilebhisi - isitshalo kuphela emhlabeni esihlola isayensi ehlukene - i-ampelography.Indlela yokubhekana nomkhiqizo wamagilebhisiAbalimi abaningi bathanda ukukhula kwamagilebhisi ezindaweni zabo. Ikwaziswa ngezindawo zayo ezizuzisayo nokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa. Noma kunjalo, isivuno salesi sitshalo singasengozini uma isitshalo sithinteka yizinambuzane. Ngokuvamile amagilebhisi ahlaselwa yi-itch, eyaziwa kangcono njenge-mite yamagilebhisi. Uma usulelekile, ungalahlekelwa ku-30% wesitshalo, futhi uma ungenzi ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ungalahlekelwa ku-50%.Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahloboIzitshalo ze-Berry ezifana namagilebhisi zikhula kakhulu ezindaweni ezizimele zasehlobo. Abaningi bafuna ukukhulisa itafula kanye nezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe zokuzikhiqiza kwewayini elenziwe ngokuzenzela. Kodwa lesi sihloko asikho ngalokhu. Sizokhuluma ngendlela yokutshala amagilebhisi esiqhingini sethu sezithombo ngaphandle kosizo entwasahlobo.Indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi ku-Urals: ukutshala nokunakekela amajikijolo ezimweni zeqhwaIwayini elikhula isikhathi eside laliyilungelo lamazwe aseningizimu. Iqiniso liwukuthi lezolimo zibhekwa njenge-thermophilic. Kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi, ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi ku-Urals, ukutshala nokutshala kwawo kwaba ngokoqobo. Manje i-viticulture ayitholakali kahle kuphela ensimini ye-Urals, kodwa ibuye ikhombise isilinganiso somkhiqizo ophezulu.Iyini isikhumba esiyingozi kumagilebhisi, nokuthi ungayiphilisa kanjaniEnye yezitha eziyingozi kakhulu zamagilebhisi yisifo somuthi wefungal. Abalimi abaningi bebelokhu bezama ukulwa nalesi sifo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu ophumelelayo. Ake sibheke izimbangela zokubonakala kwesifo futhi sithole ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nalo. Incazelo kanye nengozi yezifo Mildew (noma i-downy isikhutha) - enye ye-pathologies eyingozi kunazo zonke ye-fungal yezinhlobo zevini zaseYurophu.Ukulima kwezithelo zomvini omisiwe: ukutshala nokunakekelwaI-Kishmish yigama elihlangene lezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ahlukene, ezihlukaniswa ngosayizi wabo omncane kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwamajikijolo, kanye nokungabikho kwembewu kuzo. Lo mzuzu kufanele ucatshangelwe uma ukhetha amagilebhisi omisiwe okutshalwe kusayithi, kusukela ekutshalweni kwe-grain agrotechnical wezithelo zomvini ovuthiwe, izimfanelo zokunambitheka amajikijolo alo kanye nezici zokunakekela lesi sitshalo zingahlukahluka kuye ngokuhlukahluka okuthile.Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezizosetshenziswa esivinini: izifungicide zamagilebhisiUma ukhula amagilebhisi ekhaya, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isengozini kakhulu ezifweni nezinambuzane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zasendle. Ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa ikhwalithi kanye nenani lomkhiqizo okhulile, kunconywa ukuba uphathe amagilebhisi ngamafungicides, okuzohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okumele ukulwa nalezi zinkinga.Amagilebhisi "iCabernet Sauvignon": izici nobuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulimaIwayini le-Cabernet liyaziwa futhi lithandwa yibo bonke abachwepheshe bewayini elibomvu elomile. Cishe wonke amazwe lapho kune-winemaking, esuka eCroatia eCroatia ukuyogcoba iLebhanoni, zikhule izinhlobo ezifanayo zamagilebhisi nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezibomvu ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iwayini elidumile i-Cabernet ikhiqiza i-Italy neSpain, i-Ukraine neMoldova, iChile ne-Argentina, kanye neNingizimu Afrika, i-Australia ne-United States of America.Unganisela kanjani futhi ukondle amagilebhisi entwasahloboNamuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi singanisela kanjani futhi sondle amagilebhisi entwasahlobo. Abanikazi abaningi abaye bahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwamagilebhisi amashumi eminyaka, bajwayele ukunakekelwa komvini. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu siyashintsha, kanti isimo sezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwesilinganiso esidingekayo sezakhi zomzimba kunciphisa isivuno samasimu futhi "kunikeze" amagilebhisi ngezifo ezihlukahlukene.Indlela yokusika amagilebhisi emahlumela angadingekile ehloboUkusika izihlahla zomvini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela lesi sitshalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kulezo zifunda lapho ihlobo lifushane khona futhi amavini akatholanga ilanga elanele lokuvuthwa kahle. Kungenzeka yini ukuvuna amagilebhisi ehlobo? Inzuzo engenakuphika yokusika izivini ehlobo yilezi zinqubo zisiza kakhulu ukwandisa ubuningi futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesitshalo.Indlela yokwenza iwayini ngamagilebhisi: izimfihlo ze-winemaking ekhayaNamuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi zewayini ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene zamajikijolo. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu namanje iwayini leviniga. Sizokhuluma ngokuthi yiliphi uhlobo lamagilebhisi okumele akhethe nokuthi singakwenza kanjani isiphuzo esihlwabusayo kulesi sihloko. Yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi ongakhetha kuzo Ukwenza iwayini ngamagilebhisi ekhaya, ungakhetha ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukuhluka kwalesi sitshalo.Indlela yokubhekana ne-oidium ngamagilebhisiAmagilebhisi, njengezinye izitshalo ezitshalwa, angaba nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Zihlasela amaqabunga, ama-inflorescence, ngaleyo ndlela zilimaza isitshalo. I-Oidium (elinye igama lingu-powdery isikhutha) yisinye isifo esivamile. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa nge-oidium yamagilebhisi: cabangela ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo, futhi uxoxe ngendlela engcono yokusingatha lesi sitshalo.Ukutshala nokunakekela amagilebhisi "Memory Dombkovskaya" kuleli zweAmagilebhisi - uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni waseVinogradovye, onenhlobo engaphezu kwengu-70, ekhula ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphansi. Izinhlobonhlobo "Memory Dombkovskoy" ukunambitheka ehlukene okumnandi izithelo nombala ocebile amajikijolo. Umlando wokukhethwa kwamagilebhisi "Inkumbulo kaDombkovskaya" yahlonywa ngumuntu othakazelisayo ovela e-Orenburg Shatilov Fyodor Ilyich eminyakeni engaba ngu-30 edlule.Kuyini umvini omuhle "uJulian" nokuthi ungamnakekela kanjaniMuva nje, umvini "uJulian" uthola ukuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezimfanelo zawo, futhi ukuhluma okukhulayo kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kungukuziqhenya kwanoma yimuphi umlimi. Kulesi sihloko sizojwayela amagilebhisi "uJulian" - incazelo kanye nemithetho yokunakekela ezihlukahlukene, isithombe. Umlando Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngumbelethi we-amateur V.Ingabe kufanele nginakekele amagilebhisi ngenkathi ziqhuma?Isikhathi esinquma ikhwalithi yokuvuna esilandelayo yizimbali zomvini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema izinkinga kule sigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko. Futhi uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthonya izimo zezulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza lokho kuxhomeke ezandleni zomlimi. Incazelo kanye nezici zenkathi Uma amagilebhisi egeleza, izimo zokushisa, izinga lomswakama, kanye nokunakekelwa komlimi wensimu kumasiko kubaluleke kakhulu.Amathiphu okukhula kanye nezici zeMvini yamagilebhisiNgasekuqaleni kwekwindla, amagilebhisi ekugcineni avela emashalofini ezitolo kanye nezimakethe. Sonke sibheke phambili ngalesi sikhathi lapho ungajabulela ngokugcwele ukunambitheka okumnandi kanye nephunga elicebile lala majikijolo amnandi. Basijabulisa ngezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zabo, okwandisa kakhulu ukhetho lwabathengi, noma kunjalo, libhekene nokukhetha okunzima kubantu abanquma ukukhula lokhu kudla ensimini yabo.Ngokuvamile, abalimi bafuna ukushintsha ukuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi akhulile kusayithi, kodwa abafuni ukuchitha isikhathi sokutshala isihlahla esisha. Kulokhu, sebenzisa inqubo yokugoma, esichaza ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko. Kungani uhlwanyela amagilebhisi Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nencazelo yenqubo uqobo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kuyadingeka.I-Pinot iwayini lewayini kanye namagilebhisiNamuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zomvini "i-Pinot Noir", esetshenziselwa ukwenza iwayini nge ukunambitheka okumnandi. Uzofunda lapho izivini zikhule khona, yikuphi iwayini eliyigugu, ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukukhula ezihlukahlukene kusayithi lakho. Xoxa ngamaphuzu aphambili okutshala nokunakekela izivini.I-Thuja entshonalanga "i-Brabant": ukufika, ukushiya, sebenzisa ukuhlela indawoIndlela yokutshala idiot i-ivory on the cottage ehloboUngayigcina kanjani ithanga eliphelele nelisikiwe ekhaya: kubhaluni noma esiqandisini?Ukudla kwama-parrots: kungenzeka yini ukuba badonsa futhi kuzokwenzekani uma uyayinikeza?Indlela yokusika i-orchid peduncle ngokufanele emva kokuchichima futhi kufanele kwenziwe?Imikhosi ehlanganisiwe: utamatisi okhulayo "i-truffle yaseJapane"Izinhlobo ze-sansevieri nencazelo yazoUhlobo luni lwe-acai berry futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zabo?
