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The smooth hammerhead ("Sphyrna zygaena") is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family Sphyrnidae. This species is named "smooth hammerhead" because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape (called the "cephalofoil"), without an indentation in the middle of the front margin (hence "smooth"). Unlike other hammerheads, this species prefers temperate waters and occurs worldwide at medium latitudes. In the summer, these sharks migrate towards the poles following cool water masses, sometimes forming schools numbering in the hundreds to thousands. The second-largest hammerhead shark after the great hammerhead shark, the smooth hammerhead can measure up to long. It is an active predator that takes a wide variety of bony fishes and invertebrates, with larger individuals also feeding on sharks and rays. As in the rest of its family, this shark is viviparous and gives birth to litters of 20–40 pups. A relatively common shark, it is captured, intentionally or otherwise, by many commercial fisheries throughout its range; its fins are extremely valuable for use in shark fin soup. This shark is potentially dangerous and has likely been responsible for a few attacks on humans, though it is less likely to encounter swimmers than other large hammerhead species due to its temperate habitat. The Swedish natural historian Carl Linnaeus, known as the "father of taxonomy", originally described the smooth hammerhead as "Squalus zygaena" in the 1758 tenth edition of "Systema Naturae", without designating a type specimen. The name was later changed to "Sphyrna zygaena". The specific epithet "zygaena" originates from the Greek word "zygòn", meaning "yoke", referring to the shape of its head. The Greek name "zýgaina" had already been used for the hammerhead shark by Aristotle in the second book of his "History of Animals". Other common names for this species include common hammerhead, common smooth hammerhead, round-headed hammerhead, or simply hammerhead. Studies based on morphology have generally regarded the smooth hammerhead as one of the more derived members of its family, grouped together with the scalloped hammerhead ("S. lewini") and the great hammerhead ("S. mokarran"). Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA have concluded differently: while the smooth and great hammerheads are closely related, they are not as closely related to the scalloped hammerhead as the other "Sphyrna" species. Furthermore, the smooth hammerhead is among the more basal hammerhead species, indicating that the first hammerheads to evolve had large cephalofoils. The second-largest hammerhead next to the great hammerhead, the smooth hammerhead typically measures long, with a maximum recorded length and weight of and respectively. The smooth hammerhead differs from other large hammerheads in the shape of its cephalofoil, which has a curved front margin without an indentation in the center. The cephalofoil is wide but short, measuring 26–29% of the body length across. The nostrils are located near the ends of the cephalofoil, with long grooves running towards the center. There are 26–32 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 25–30 tooth rows in the lower jaw. Each tooth is triangular in shape, with smooth to weakly serrated edges. The body is streamlined, without a dorsal ridge between the two dorsal fins. The first dorsal fin is moderately tall and falcate (sickle-like) in shape, with a rounded tip. The pectoral and pelvic fins are not falcate, rather having nearly straight rear margins. The anal fin is larger than the second dorsal fin, with long free rear tip and a strong notch in the rear margin. The dermal denticles are densely packed, each with 5–7 horizontal ridges (3 in juveniles) leading to a W-shaped rear margin. The back is dark brownish gray to olive in color, in contrast to the simple brown of most other hammerheads, becoming lighter on the flanks. The belly is white, and sometimes the pectoral fins have dark edges underneath. Of the hammerhead sharks, the smooth hammerhead is the species most tolerant of temperate water, and occurs worldwide to higher latitudes than any other species. In the Atlantic, it occurs from Nova Scotia to the Virgin Islands and from Brazil to southern Argentina in the west, and from the British Isles to Côte d'Ivoire, including the Mediterranean Sea, in the east. In the Indian Ocean, it is found off South Africa, India, and Sri Lanka. In the western Pacific, it occurs from the Gulf of Tonkin to southern Japan and Siberia, as well as off Australia and New Zealand. In the central and eastern Pacific, it occurs off the Hawaiian Islands, California, Panama, the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Chile. This species is usually considered to be amphitemperate (absent from the tropics) in distribution, though there are rare reports from tropical waters such as in the Gulf of Mannar off India, and off southern Mozambique. Its presence in the tropics is difficult to determine due to confusion with other hammerhead species. Compared to the scalloped and great hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead stays closer to the surface, in water less than deep. However, it has been recorded diving to a depth of . It prefers inshore waters such as bays and estuaries, but is sometimes found in the open ocean over the continental shelf, and around oceanic islands. This shark has also been reported entering freshwater habitats, such as the Indian River in Florida. In the summer, smooth hammerheads migrate poleward to stay in cooler water, heading back towards the equator in winter. Adult smooth hammerheads are either solitary or form small groups. They may come together in great numbers during their annual migrations; schools of over a hundred juveniles under long have been observed off the eastern Cape of South Africa, and schools thousands strong have been reported off California. During hot summer weather, they can be seen swimming just below the surface with their dorsal fins exposed. Young smooth hammerheads are preyed upon by larger sharks such as the dusky shark ("Carcharhinus obscurus"); adults have been observed being consumed by killer whales ("Orcinus orca") off New Zealand. Known parasites of the smooth hammerhead include the nematodes "Parascarophis sphyrnae" and "Contracaecum" spp. The smooth hammerhead is an active-swimming predator that feeds on bony fishes, rays, sharks (including of its own species), cephalopods, and to a lesser extent crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, and barnacles. They readily scavenge from fishing lines. In some areas, stingrays are a favored prey and comprise a majority of its diet. The venomous barbs of stingrays are often found lodged in and around the mouths of these sharks; one specimen examined contained 95 such spines. In northern Europe, the smooth hammerhead feeds on herring and seabass, while in North America it takes Spanish mackerel and menhaden. Off South Africa, smooth hammerheads feed on squid such as "Loligo vulgaris" and small schooling fish such as pilchard over the deep coral reefs at the edge of the continental shelf, with individuals over long taking increasing numbers of smaller sharks and rays. Off Australia, squid are the most important prey, followed by bony fish. Like other hammerheads, the smooth hammerhead is viviparous: once the young exhaust their supply of yolk, the empty yolk sac is converted into a placental connection through which the mother delivers nourishment. Females bear relatively large litters of 20–50 pups after a gestation period of 10–11 months. Birthing occurs in shallow coastal nurseries, such as Bulls Bay in North Carolina. The pups measure long at birth; females reach maturity at long and males at long, depending upon locality. Off South Africa, newly mated females have been caught in February and females with full-term embryos in November; off the east coast of Australia, birthing takes place between January and March, with ovulation taking place around the same time. This shark is thought to live for 20 years or more. The smooth hammerhead is potentially dangerous to humans. As of 2008, the International Shark Attack File lists 34 attacks attributable to large hammerhead sharks, 17 of them unprovoked (1 fatal). However, due to the smooth hammerhead's occurrence in temperate regions where people are less likely to enter the water, it was likely responsible for a minority of these attacks. Off southern California, this species has been reported to steal catches from sport fishers and divers. Smooth hammerheads are caught by commercial fisheries throughout the world, including those off the United States (East and West Coasts), Brazil, Spain, Taiwan, the Philippines, southwestern Australia, and western Africa, primarily using gillnets and longlines. Fishery catches of smooth hammerheads are difficult to quantify due to a frequent lack of distinction between them and other large hammerheads. The meat is sold fresh, dried and salted, or smoked, though in most markets it is considered undesirable and there are reports of poisoning. Much more valuable are the fins, which have the highest rating for use in shark fin soup and often leads to captured sharks being finned at sea. Additionally, the liver oil is used for vitamins, the skin for leather, and the offal for fishmeal. This shark is also used in Chinese medicine. Many other fisheries from every ocean also take smooth hammerheads as bycatch, and they are caught in some numbers by recreational anglers. Smooth hammerheads are also killed by entanglement in shark nets used to protect beaches. Fewer than 10 smooth hammerheads were caught annually in the nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from 1978–1990. In contrast, in the nets off New South Wales, Australia, smooth hammerheads comprised 50% of the 4,715 sharks captured from 1972–1990. At present, this species remains relatively common and has been assessed as "Vulnerable (VU)" by the World Conservation Union. Off New Zealand, it is a prohibited target species and is the most abundant shark along the northwest coast. It also does not appear to have been negatively impacted by fishing off southern Australia. Off the eastern United States, catches of this species are regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Atlantic shark Fishery Management Plan (FMP), under which it is classified as a Large Coastal Shark (LCS). In 2013 smooth hammerhead and other great elasmobranchs were added to Appendix 2 of CITES, bringing shark fishing and commerce of these species under licensing and regulation.

Ryan David Moore (born December 5, 1982) is an American professional golfer, currently playing on the PGA Tour. He had a highly successful amateur career, winning the NCAA Individual Championship, the U.S. Amateur Public Links, and the U.S. Amateur in 2004. Since turning professional in 2005 he has won five titles on the PGA Tour as of the 2016 season and earned rankings inside the top thirty in the world. Moore was born in Tacoma, Washington, and grew up in nearby Puyallup. He graduated in 2001 from Cascade Christian High School, a small Class 1A school which did not then have a golf team. Moore competed for Class 4A Puyallup High School, where he lettered all four years (1998–2001). He was the runner-up in the U.S. Junior Amateur in 2000, and won the high school individual state championship in 2001 over Andres Gonzales, a future UNLV teammate, then of Capital High School of Olympia. Moore accepted a scholarship to UNLV, where he lettered for four seasons for the Rebels and graduated in 2005 with a degree in communications and public relations. During 2004 prior to his senior year of college, Moore had one of the most impressive seasons in the modern era of amateur golf. He captured multiple titles, including the U.S. Amateur, the Western Amateur, the U.S. Amateur Public Links (also won in 2002) and the NCAA individual championship. In 2005 he was given the Ben Hogan Award as the top college player. Moore won the Haskins Award in 2005 as the outstanding collegiate golfer in the nation. He placed 13th at the 2005 Masters, winning low amateur and a spot in the 2006 field. (In 2003, he also made the cut at the Masters, finishing 45th at age 20.) Moore's final tournament as an amateur was the 2005 U.S. Open at Pinehurst #2; where he made the cut and finished tied for 57th. He then turned professional and played the next tournament, at Westchester Classic, on a sponsor's exemption, where he finished in a tie for 51st. Turning professional meant that he had to forfeit his slot (as reigning U.S. Amateur champion) in the 2005 Open Championship, played at the home of golf, St Andrews. In August, Moore earned a special temporary exemption to the PGA Tour with a tie for second at the 2005 Canadian Open in Vancouver. In 2005, Moore played on sponsors' exemptions and earned a total of $686,250 in just 14 official PGA Tour events. This placed him the equivalent of 113th on the money list, making him the first player since Tiger Woods in 1996 to go from college to the PGA Tour in the same season without going to Q School. The only other players to do that since 1980 were Gary Hallberg, Phil Mickelson, and Justin Leonard. As a non-member, Moore needed to collect more than the 125th-place finisher on the 2005 money list in order to earn his card for the 2006 season. During 2005, Moore's world ranking improved from 718 to 142. In 2006, Moore played on the PGA Tour as a regular member, and his best outing was a tie for second at the Buick Championship in Connecticut. He was sidelined for two months in the spring following surgery on his left wrist, which kept him from competing in the 2006 Masters. He returned to the tour in late May and finished 81st on the 2006 money list with $1,222,118. With a top ten finish (tied for ninth) at the 2006 PGA Championship at Medinah on August 20, he broke into the top 100 in the world rankings for the first time, vaulting from 110th to 79th. He climbed as high as 68th in early September, and finished the year at 79th in the world. In 2007, Moore finished solo second place at the Memorial Tournament, hosted by Jack Nicklaus in early June. He entered the event as an alternate and earned $648,000, the largest paycheck of his young pro career. With six holes to play, he birdied five consecutive holes (13-17), but scored a par on the 72nd hole to finish one stroke back. Following this runner-up finish, his third as a professional, he climbed from 87th to 33rd on the PGA Tour money list, and his world ranking improved from 110th to 59th. Two days later, he qualified to play in the 2007 U.S. Open at Oakmont near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he shot 8-over in the first round and 3-over in the second and missed the cut by one stroke. He finished the year with $1,544,901 in winnings, ranking him 59th on the PGA Tour money list and 51st in the FedEx Cup standings. Moore finished the year at 74th in the world rankings. Moore reached the first playoff of his career in the 2008 EDS Byron Nelson Championship, which he lost to Adam Scott on the third playoff hole. Moore began the day three shots behind Scott in a four-way tie for second place, but took the lead as Scott dropped three strokes on the front nine. The lead changed hands multiple times before Scott forced the playoff with a birdie on the 72nd hole. On the third playoff hole, Scott beat Moore with a 48-foot birdie putt; Moore then missed his tying birdie putt from the fringe. Moore picked up his largest check of his career, winning $691,200 for second place. It was his fourth runner-up finish on the PGA Tour in as many seasons. Moore continued to have pain in his surgically repaired wrist and took time off at different points in the 2008 season because of a sore shoulder and to improve his fitness, particularly in preparation for the FedEx Cup. He ended the year with $1,214,900 in winnings, ranking him 88th on the PGA Tour money list and 87th in the FedEx Cup standings; his world ranking fell to 158. Moore's inconsistent golf continued in the first half of 2009. In his first 16 tournaments, Moore missed the cut eight times, including four times by a single stroke. In March and April, Moore made four consecutive cuts, with two top-20 finishes. In May, Moore only managed one made cut in The Players Championship, where he struggled on the weekend to a 71st-place finish, last among those making the cut. After missing the cut at the Memorial Tournament, Moore qualified for the 2009 U.S. Open at Bethpage Black with a tie for seventh place at sectional qualifying in Columbus, Ohio. He made a strong showing, finishing in a tie for tenth place at 2-over par 282. As a result, his world golf ranking rebounded from 193rd to 152nd. On August 23, Moore won his first career PGA Tour event at the Wyndham Championship, defeating Kevin Stadler and Jason Bohn in a sudden-death playoff, earning $936,000. He finished the 2009 season at 31st on the PGA Tour money list ($2,222,871), 22nd in the FedEx Cup standings, and 51st in the world rankings. Moore had a steady year in 2010, with six top-10 finishes, including a second-place finish at the AT&T National. He finished 32nd on the PGA Tour's money list with $2,374,823, 35th in the FedEx Cup Standings, and 45th in the world rankings. He appeared in all four of the golf majors for the first time. Moore also shot the course record of 61 at Tacoma Golf and Country Club. In October 2012, Moore won for the second time on the PGA Tour at the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open, part of the 2012 PGA Tour Fall Series. He converted a share of the 54-hole lead into a victory, one stroke ahead of runner-up Brendon De Jonge. Moore finished 2012 at 26th on the PGA Tour's money list with $2,858,944, 64th in the FedEx Cup Standings, and 40th in the world rankings. Moore had a down year in 2013, with only three top-10 finishes. For the season he finished 61st on the PGA Tour's money list. The PGA Tour instituted a wrap-around season for its 2014 season extending from October 2013 to September 2014, incorporating the prior Fall Series events and a few international events into the subsequent season's schedule. Moore opened the Malaysian CIMB Classic (held in October 2013) with a 63, and went on to win the tournament in a playoff with Gary Woodland. This was Moore's only victory in the 2014 season, in which he had seven top-10s and finished 21st on the PGA Tour's money list. In November 2014 (part of the 2015 PGA Tour season), Moore won the Malaysian CIMB Classic once again. Moore contended for the WGC-Cadillac Championship at Doral in March, but fell back over the weekend and finished in a tie for ninth place. The following week at the Valspar Championship, Moore led after three rounds but faltered on Sunday to finish two strokes back in fifth place. Moore had the one victory in the 2015 season, with four top-10s, and finished 32nd on the PGA Tour's money list. Early in his professional career, Moore had sponsorships with PING and Oakley. When he won his first PGA Tour event at the Wyndham Championship in August 2009, he did not have any endorsement contracts other than with Callaway Golf to use their golf ball. Following the 2009 PGA season, Moore signed a deal with Scratch Golf in which he would not only use their equipment, but also become part owner of the company. However, in November 2010, it was announced that Moore had signed a deal with Adams Golf and would give up his stake in Scratch Golf. He signed with TaylorMade for the 2013 season. He now plays Parsons Extreme Golf equipments since 2015. "Results not in chronological order prior to 2015." DNP = Did not play<br> QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play<br> "T" = tied<br> Yellow background for top-10.

Gopishantha (26 May 1937 – 10 October 2015), better known by her stage name Manorama, also called as Aachi, was an Indian actress and comedian who had appeared in more than 1,500 films, 5,000 stage performances, and several television series until 2015. She entered the "Guinness World Records" for acting in more than 1000 number of films in 1985. By 2015, she had acted in more than 1,500 films. She was a recipient of the Kalaimamani award, Padma Shri (2002), National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in film "Pudhiya Padhai" (1989), and Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South (1995). Manorama was born in a Tamil Kallar family as Gopishantha to Kasi Kilakudaiyar and Ramamirtham in Mannargudi, a town in the erstwhile Thanjavur district of Madras Presidency. Manorama's biological father was not happy that a girl was born to him and hence asked her mother to leave the house. Her mother brought her up by taking up the job of working as maid. She mentioned her indebtedness to her mother for her success: Many of the mother roles that she has played in films resemble her own mother. Her family moved to Pallathur near Karaikudi owing to poverty. While in Pallathur, her mother had started vomiting out blood, hence Manorama decided to start working as maid and dropped out of school at the age of 11. Once a drama troupe had come to Pallathur but the actress who was to play a small part suddenly dropped out due to her inability to sing and the troupe was looking for an artiste who could act and sing as well. The drama troupe decided to give her this role in the drama titled Andhaman Kadhali. Hence her acting career began at the age of twelve, acting in plays. During this time, she was rechristened Manorama by one of her dramas' director Thiruvengadam and harmonist Thiayagarajan. She continued to act in plays and performed as a playback singer as well. After watching her performance in plays, she was offered her first film named Inbavazhvu by Janakiraman which remained 40% incomplete and later Kannadasan offered her lead role in second film Unmayinkottai, which got shelved after shooting for about 40%. She lost hope of becoming a film actor when both these films remained incomplete. Manorama fell in love with her manager in the drama troupe S. M. Ramanathan and married him in 1964; the couple had a son named Bhoopathy. However, she got divorced in late 1966 and started to live in a separate house in Chennai. She quoted in an interview in 2015, "My mom wanted me to study medicine. But it was not easy to become a doctor in those days, and I became an actress. So, if I hadn't taken up acting, I would have tried to become a doctor as my mom wished for it. But now, fortunately, my grandson is a doctor, and I am proud of it." She acted in small roles in few "Vairam Nataka Sabha" dramas. Once she went to see a drama of S.S.Rajendran who was residing at Pudukkotai, in Tamil Nadu, and P.A. Kumar introduced her to Rajendran. She showed her skill in dialogue delivery and was offered a job in S.S.R Nataka Mandram company and played in hundreds of stage productions all over the district: The dramas included "Manimagudam, Thenpandiveeran" and "Pudhuvellam". She credits her work in "Manimagudam" as where she was first recognised as an actress, She then took part in an unfinished film starring S.S.Rajendran and Devika. She migrated from dramas to the silver screen with the role of a heroine in the 1958 Tamil film "Maalayitta Mangai": Kavignar Kannadasan gave her the lead role this film. The first film in which she played the heroine the 1963 "Konjum Kumari". Then, she concentrated more on comedy from 1960. She was given equally challenging roles alongside the well known comedian Nagesh in 50 films. When asked in an interview as to how she got into films, she quoted, "It's all because of Kannadasan. It was he who changed my life by casting me in the film Maalayitta Mangai in 1957. It was a comical role, and he trusted me so much and said that I will be able to pull it off. I was very doubtful about it, but he told me, "If you are going to act in films only as a heroine, people here will throw you out of the industry after three or four years, but doing such roles will take you places. And you have the talent, too, to reach higher peaks." That is when I got confidence and continued doing comedy roles." The first time Manorama stood before the camera was for a Sinhalese film, in which she played the heroine's friend. Her dance master Suryakala recommended her to the director Masthaan to play the role. She has acted predominantly in Tamil films since 1958 but also acted in Telugu, Hindi, Malayalam, Kannada movies as well. Her onscreen pair with Tangavelu was appreciated in the film Vallvanakku Vallavan in 1965. Her on-screen pair with Nagesh was very popular in 1960-69 and then with Cho in the 1970s and 80s and later with Thengai Srinivasan, Venniradai Moorthy, and Surali Rajan in the 70s and 80s. She had done playback singing for 300 songs, mostly pictured on herself, in Tamil films. The first song that she sang was in a film called "Magale Un Samathu", composed by G. K. Venkatesh and this opportunity she got due to the film's producer P.A. She has sung classical-based song with TM Sounderajan in the film Dharshinam (1970), where she was paired with Cho. Manorama sang a song with L.R. Eswari named "Thaatha thaatha pidi kudu". Her career's biggest hit song sung by herself was Vaa Vaathiyaare Uttaande composed by music director V. Kumar for the film "Bommalattam", which was picturised on her and Cho. She also sang for M. S. Viswanathan and A. R. Rahman. Some of her best Tamil films include "Anbe Vaa", "Thenmazhi", "Ethir Neechal", "Galatta Kalyanam", "Chittukuruvi", "Durga Devi", "Annalakshmi" and "Imayam". In Telugu, she starred in films such as "Rikshavodu", "Krishnarjuna" and "Subhodayam". When asked in an interview as to which are her memorable roles, she said "It is Nadigan, which had Sathyaraj and Khushbu in the lead. I cannot forget that role of Baby Amma in my life. Also my role in Chinna Gounder, for which I had to sport weird, artificial teeth, is something which I always think about. Manorama was paired with Nagesh regularly in films with M.G. Ramachandran in lead like En Kadamai, Kanni Thai, Thayin Madiyil, Kadhal Vaganam, Chandrodhyam, Anbee Vaa, Padagotti, Kadhal Vagahnam, Vivasaaye, Thaikku Thalaimagan, Vettikaran, Ther Thiruvizha. Other directors cast the Nagesh-Manorama pair in films like Anubhavi Raja Anubhavi, Kungumam, Saraswathi Sabadham, Panjavarnakilli, Navarathiri, Puthiya Paravai, Patthu Matha Bandham, Anbu Karangal, Micheal Madan Kamarajan, Annamitta Kai, Gowri Kalyanam, Anbe Aaruyire, Server Sundaram, Ner Vazhai, Ninaivin Nindraval, Poojaikku Vandamalar, Deiva Thirumagal, Rakta Thilagam, Aannavin Asai, Thiruvarutchelvar, Seetha, Karunthel Kannayiram. Manorama, actress Sachu and Jayalalithaa have acted together in 2 films as a combination - Galata Kalyanam and Bommalattam. Manorama and Jayalalithaa have acted in 25 films together. Her work was noticed even among stalwarts like Sivaji Ganesan and Natiya Peroli Padmini. Manorama shared in an interview that initially she was nervous acting in front of veterans like T. S. Balaiah, but, the director A. P. Nagarajan made her understand that the scenes in which Jil Jil Ramamani appears, she would be the center of attention. She acted alongside the well-known comedian Nagesh in 50 films and in 20 films with Cho Ramaswamy. They made an notable pair and acted in many well-received comedies. In 1974 she shared the screen space with the legendary comedian Mehmood in the Hindi movie "Kunwara Baap". Cho and Manorama were paired together in 20 films which included Malligai Poo, Annaiyum Pidhavum, Dharisanam, Anbai Thedi, Nanaivin Nindraval, Nirai Kudam, Ayiram Poi, Mohammed Bin Tughlaq, Bommalattam, Delhi Mappilai, Vilayattu Pillai, Kanavan, Rojavin Raja, Suryagandhi. The character she was given by K.Balachander in the 1989 film Unnal Mudiyum Thambi she personally considers a cornerstone as she was giving a new challenge as an actor.She related in an interview on Toronto TV that one of the most challenging characters she played was the role of the 50-year-old unmarried woman in the 1990 film "Nadigan" with Sathyaraj. She has acted with all of the lead comedians across five different generations which includes M. R. Radha, K. A. Thangavelu, J. P, Chandrababu, A. Karunanithi, Ennatha Kannaiya, V. K. Ramaswamy, Nagesh, Cho Ramaswamy, Thengai Seenivasan, M. R. R. Vasu, Suruli Rajan, Venniradai Moorthy, Janagaraj, Pandiarajan, Goundamani, Senthil, Vivek and Vadivelu. She has been in films with five chief ministers. She played the female lead in the plays written, directed and acted by C. N. Annadurai, former chief minister of Tamil Nadu. She has also appeared in plays with another chief minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi. She has acted in films with M. G. Ramachandran and J. Jayalalithaa, who both later became chief ministers of Tamil Nadu later. She has also acted in Telugu films with Dr. N. T. Rama Rao, who became the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. When asked which character of hers she found most hilarious to play, she specified the role of a talkative female, who is forced to act dumb in a film called "Unakkum Vazhvu Varum". She had played this role along with Thengai Srinivasan. She was bitten by a Bungarus fasciatus/ Kattuviriyan snake during the shooting of "Manjal Kungumam" and was admitted to hospital. Coincidentally, after recovery, the next scene, she had to act was in "Aadi Viradham," where she had to bathe a snake statue and sing a lullaby for it, and the director asked her whether she would like to perform and she replied "Yes very much!" and she did the film. Manorama, being a close friend of Jayalalitha and of the firm belief that Jayalalitha would never be corrupt, campaigned against actor Rajinikanth in support of Chief Minister Jayalalithaa in the 1996 elections. In one of her last interviews, in 2015, she was asked if she had any regrets about her life. To this, she answered: "I've no regrets at all. I'm blessed in this life. Even in my next birth, I want to be born as Manorama again. I want this same life, and same people around me. Most of all, I want my mom with me again." In an interview to BBC in 2015, "If I had chosen to act only as a heroine then I would have disappeared from the scene long ago. So, I decided to take up comedienne roles, so I survived in the industry for nearly six decades". When asked as to how she was able to do more than 1500 films, she said in her interview in September 2015, "I believe I am a blessed person. Without God's will, I couldn't have acted in so many films. It all just happened in my life, and you won't believe it, but I still have the urge to act. The one person who is the reason for all my success is my mom. She did everything for me in life, and I miss her the most now (she breaks into tears). Whatever I achieve or have achieved in life is only because of her." She supported young talents and budding directors on her old ages. In 2013 she acted in a Tamil Short Film named Thaaye Nee Kannurangu directed by LGR Saravanan. She acted as a Cancer Patient and a mother of Mr. Between 2013-15, Manorama had suffered ill-heath resulting in hospital stays. She died in Chennai at 11.20 pm on 10 October 2015 as a result of multiple organ failure. She was 78 and is survived by her son and singer-actor Bhoopathy. Tamil Nadu reacted to Manorama's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the deceased actor across the state and on social media. Chief Minister Jayalalithaa laid wreath on the body at the actor's home in T. Nagar, Ms. Jayalalithaa said, "There had been no accomplished achiever like Manorama in the Tamil film world and there would be none in the future as well." Jayalalitha was quoted as saying, "I was shocked to hear about her death. She was an elder sister to me. I used to call her Manorama while she called me Ammu. We used to visit each other's houses whenever we didn't have shootings." The chief minister also said, "If Sivaji Ganesan was Nadigar Thilagam, Manorama was Nadigai Thilagam." Others who paid homage to the actress include Rajinikanth, Kamal Haasan, Sivakumar, Dhanush, Ajith Kumar, M. Karunanidhi, K. Veeramani, G. K. Vasan, Delhi Ganesh, R. Sarathkumar, Ilayaraja, Vairamuthu, Vijay, Karthik, S. Ve. Shekhar, Vijaykumar, Goundamani, K. Bhagyaraj, R. Parthiban, Raadhika Sarathkumar, Vimal, Silambarasan, Suriya, Karthi, Vikraman, S. Thanu, T. Rajender and Pandiarajan. Manorama also holds a record of singing for all the notable music directors. She has rendered her voice for M. S. Viswanathan, Ilayaraja, A. R. Rahman and many other notable music composers.

Travis Carter Enterprises (later known as Haas-Carter Motorsports, BelCar Motorsports and Richardson-Haas Motorsports) was a NASCAR and USAR Pro Cup team. It was mostly owned by former crew chief Travis Carter and Carl Haas. The team previously fielded entries in the Winston Cup Series before closing. It returned in 2007 to field a full-time entry for rookie Kyle Krisiloff. After purchasing Mach 1 Racing from Hal Needham following the 1989 season, Travis Carter Enterprises debuted at the 1990 Daytona 500, as the No. 98 Chevrolet sponsored by Winn-Dixie. Butch Miller was the driver, who finished 22nd. Miller drove the car in 23 races that year, posting one top-ten finish before he was replaced by Rick Mast, who finished out the year and garnered an additional top ten. In 1991, Jimmy Spencer took over as Banquet Foods was the sponsor, and finished 25th in points. Spencer ran just seven races with the car in 1992, before the team suspended operations temporarily. TCE returned in 1994 as the No. 23 Camel Cigarettes-sponsored Ford Thunderbird driven by Hut Stricklin. After posting one top ten finish that year, Stricklin was removed as Spencer returned to the team again. Spencer ran in the car for several years, the big change coming when Winston became the sponsor in 1998. That year, Spencer looked poised for a top-ten finish in points, but injuries kept him from doing that as he was replaced by Ted Musgrave and Frank Kimmel while he nursed his wounds. At the end of the year, Carter announced he would expand his team to a multi-car operation, with three-time champion Darrell Waltrip driving the No. 66 Kmart Ford and Haas coming on board as a partner. The new team had previously been the No. 27 owned by David Blair Motorsports. Waltrip amassed the largest number of DNQ's he had ever had during his career. In 2000, he retired from the Winston Cup, his lone highlight being an outside-pole qualifying effort at the Brickyard 400. Kmart also sponsored Spencer's car beginning in 2000, after the team's previous sponsorship agreement with R.J. Reynolds expired, with the team switching to No. 26 after acquiring the number from Roush Racing. Waltrip's replacement was Todd Bodine who won three pole positions and finished 29th in points. After 2001, Spencer departed, and Joe Nemechek signed on to replace him. Unfortunately, during the offseason, Kmart went into bankruptcy, and the team's status was in danger. Nemechek ran a mere handful races that year before his team was folded, and after subbing in several races afterward he signed with Hendrick Motorsports to drive the No. 25 car. Bodine attempted the first few races in the No. 66 and qualified on the pole for the Las Vegas race, but he eventually was parked for several weeks while the team looked for a sponsorship. Frank Kimmel returned for six races in the No. 26 with his National Pork Board sponsorship from the ARCA series. Bodine eventually returned to race the No. 26 after Haas-Carter found full-time sponsorship from Discover Card and split time in the ride with his older brother Geoffrey. The 66 car returned part-time later in the year, with Japanese racer Hideo Fukuyama running a handful of races. In 2003, HCM merged with minority owner Sam Belnavis to form BelCar Motorsports. The No. 26 team switched to No. 54 with the U.S. National Guard as the sponsor. Bodine struggled, posting one-top ten finish and finishing 31st in points. Fukuyama, meanwhile, made an attempt at Rookie of the year honors in the No. 66, but that was soon aborted due to a lack of funding. At the end of the season, the Army/National Guard and Belnavis left for Roush Racing. Still, the team looked like it might come back. Carter teamed up with a British-based motorsports group called TorqueSpeed. The team was to be known as TorqueSpeed Carter and run a limited Cup schedule in 2004 with John Mickel as the driver. However, this new alliance never saw the track. In 2004, Carter left NASCAR's top division to focus on mentoring his son Matt Carter who was working his way up the stock car ranks in the USAR Hooters Pro Cup Series. For two years, Carter drove for other teams while under his father's guidance. In 2007, Travis Carter announced his return to NASCAR with the help of Newman/Haas Racing co-owner Carl Haas, Indianapolis Motor Speedway chairman Mari Hulman George, and Mi-Jack Company founder Michael A. Lanigan. Their driver was Kyle Krisiloff and they carried the No. 14 with ppc Racing's No. 22's owner points from 2006. Sponsorship was originally limited to Clabber Girl, owned by Hulman & Company. Later in the season Walgreens and Eli Lilly and Company signed on to sponsor the car. At one point in the 2007 campaign, the team was to be merged with Yates/Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing as a part of a deal between team owner Carl Haas and Nextel Cup owner Robert Yates. The team was to be the second Busch team for YNHL until Robert Yates announced his retirement following the 2007 season and ended the partnership with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing. Krisiloff was released at the end of the season, and the team lost its sponsors as well. The team began the 2008 season under the banner of Richardson-Haas Motorsports, and the team ran at Daytona in 2008 with David Gilliland sponsored by Music City Illinois but crashed out. The team was to run at Auto Club Speedway with Eric Norris but withdrew.

July 9 Avenue, located in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, is the widest avenue in the world. Its name honors Argentina's Independence Day, July 9, 1816. The avenue runs roughly to the west of the Río de la Plata waterfront, from the Retiro district in the north to Constitución station in the south. The avenue has up to seven lanes in each direction and is flanked on either side by parallel streets of two lanes each. Through the centre of the avenue runs one of the city's Metrobus (Buenos Aires) (Bus rapid transit) corridors, which stretches and was inaugurated in July 2013. There are two wide medians between the side streets and the main road. The northern end of the avenue is connected to the Arturo Illia expressway (which connects to Jorge Newbery airport and the Pan-American highway) and to Libertador avenue. The southern end is connected to the 25 de Mayo tollway (serving the west side of Greater Buenos Aires as well as Ezeiza airport) and the 9 de Julio elevated expressway which provides access to the two main southbound roads out of the city (route 1 to La Plata and route 2 to Mar del Plata). The Republic Square is located on the intersection of this Avenue with the Corrientes Avenue and on that point is sited the Obelisk of Buenos Aires. The idea of constructing July 9 Avenue (La Avenida 9 de Julio) was proposed during the time of Mayor Francisco Seeber (1889-1890). It was hoped to be like an artery that crossed through from the north to the south, connecting the two. Later it was included in diverse plans and projects, but it wasn’t until 1912 that it passed the National Law 8.855 that authorized the municipality to carry it out. It was intended for public use within the blocks between the streets of Cerrito and Lima and Carlos Pellegrini to Bernardo de Irigoyen, from the Paseo de Julio (Avenida del Libertador) to Brazil (Barrio de Constitución) with the goal of constructing a 33-meter-wide central avenue, flanked with two wide streets and by public or private buildings of characterized style and special architecture built on the resulting land. The sale would be part of the financial funds along with the loan issued by the local government of 25 million gold pesos. This money would come directly from the income of the local government and with a 10% of direct contribution from the nation. If the central part corresponded well with the north-south axis, the project would complement the streets running from east to west and having two round-abouts: one located at the intersection of May Avenue (Avenida de Mayo) and the other at the intersection of Corrientes (Corrientes Avenue). As soon as the respective law was sanctioned, Mayor Anchorena made a step toward completion by inaugurating it for the Centennial of Independence (1916). The Municipality of the city of Buenos Aires started the acquisition of all the properties located particular track with an investment of 50,000,000 of the currency of that time (peso moneda nacional). However, the municipality was not well-equipped enough with legal instruments and sufficient finances in order to further the ventures of construction of such a size in a sustainable and orderly way. The expropriations were carried out in a gradual and alternated way, such that it was slow in completing the tasks at hand. This created a grave burden on the municipal treasury. This setback also had negative effects on the building developments in the central zone. With this, many buildings were degraded and were either abandoned or demolished. The matter generated a political and financial crisis of large proportions, which were also aggravated by the outbreak of the Great War and the proximity of the first democratic elections that were to occur with the resignation of Mayor Anchorena and with the closing of the Municipal Counsel in 1915. The idea to construct the July 9th Avenue was maintained in the plan of 1925 where it was integrated into the North and South diagonals (proposed in 1919), forming at the ends two central monuments. The avenue's unusual width is because it spans an entire city block, the distance between two streets in the checkerboard pattern used in Buenos Aires. The distance between adjacent streets is roughly 110 m, greater than the distance between streets in Manhattan. The street flanking 9 de Julio to the east is called Carlos Pellegrini (north of Rivadavia) and Bernardo de Irigoyen (south of Rivadavia). The street flanking 9 de Julio to the west is called Cerrito (north of Rivadavia) and Lima (south of Rivadavia). The avenue was first planned in 1888, with the name of Ayohuma; but the road was long opposed by affected landlords and residents, so work did not start until 1935. The initial phase was inaugurated on October 12 1937 and the main stretch of the avenue was completed in the 1960s. The southern connections were completed after 1980, when the downtown portion of the tollway system was completed. Clearing the right-of-way for these intersections required massive condemnations in the Constitución area. Line C of the Buenos Aires Metro runs for a stretch under the avenue. Line A, Line B, Line D, and Line E have stations when their course intersects the avenue. Notably, lines B, C, and D share a station underneath the Obelisk, which is the focal point of the subway system and features a retail concourse which also serves as an underpass. The respective station names are Carlos Pellegrini, Diagonal Norte, and 9 de Julio. Crossing the avenue at street level often requires a few minutes, as all intersections have traffic lights. Under normal walking speed, it takes pedestrians normally two to three green lights to cross it. Some urban planners have submitted projects to move the central part of the avenue underground to alleviate the perceived "chasm" between the two sides of the avenue. The Metrobus 9 de Julio is long with 13 stations and runs down the avenue, taking roughly the same route as Line C of the Buenos Aires Underground. It serves 11 bus lines and reduces bus travel time by 50% along the avenue. [12] The main objective of this line is to join together the city's two busiest railway stations: Retiro and Constitución and to serve the approximately 250,000 passengers per day which use buses along the avenue, with a journey time of 15 minutes instead of the 30 minutes a bus took before the line was built

Clonfert Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of Ireland in Clonfert, County Galway in Ireland. It is in the ecclesiastical province of Dublin. Previously the cathedral of the Diocese of Clonfert, it is now one of three cathedrals in the United Dioceses of Limerick and Killaloe. The current building was erected in the 12th century at the site of an earlier 6th century church founded by Saint Brendan, which was associated with a monastery he founded and at which he was buried. The Dean of the Cathedral is the Very Reverend Gary Paulsen who is also Dean of Killaloe, Dean of Kilfenora and both Dean and Provost of Kilmacduagh The earliest part of the church dates back to around 1180. Its doorway is the crowning achievement of Hiberno-Romanesque style. It is in six orders, and has a large variety of motifs, animal heads, foliage, human heads etc. Above the doorway is a pointed hood enclosing triangles alternating with bizarre human heads, and below this is an arcade enclosing more human heads. The early 13th century east windows in the chancel is an example of a late Romanesque windows. The chancel arch was inserted in the 15th century, and is decorated with angels, a rosette and a mermaid carrying a mirror. The supporting arches of the tower at the west end of the church are also decorated with 15th century heads, and the innermost order of the Romanesque doorway was also inserted at this time. The sacristy is also 15th century. The church had a Romanesque south transept, which is now in ruins, and a Gothic north transept, which has been removed. In the Roman Catholic church one mile to the south is a 14th-century wooden statue of the Madonna and Child, and on the roadside near this church is a 16th-century tower-house. Clonfert Cathedral was included in the 2000 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund. The soft sandstone structure had weathered severely, and prior conservation efforts, which did not fully address all the building's problems, as well as substantial biological growth, had compounded the deterioration. Due to the limited resources of the dwindling congregation, American Express provided financial assistance through the organization.

The Great Blizzard of 1978, also known as the White Hurricane, was a historic winter storm that struck the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions from Wednesday, January 25 through Friday, January 27, 1978. The barometric pressure measurement recorded in Mount Clemens, Michigan was the third lowest non-tropical atmospheric pressure recorded in the mainland United States and the lowest in the Central United States. The lowest confirmed pressure for a non-tropical system in the continental United States was set by a January 1913 Atlantic coast storm. The lowest central pressure for the 1978 blizzard was measured in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada. On rare occasions, extra-tropical cyclones with central pressures below 28 inches of mercury or about 95 kPa (950 mb) have been recorded in Wiscasset, Maine (27.9") and Newfoundland (27.76"). Late on January 24, surface maps revealed a moisture-laden Gulf Low developing over the Southern United States, while a separate and unrelated low-pressure system was present over the Upper Midwest. In about 24 hours, the merger of the subtropical jet stream (containing a wind max of 130 knots) and polar jet stream (containing a wind max of 110 knots) would lead the low-pressure system to undergo explosive cyclogenesis as it moved rapidly northward during the evening of January 25 (record low pressures were logged across parts of the South and Mid-Atlantic). To be classified as undergoing explosive cyclogenesis, a storm's central pressure must drop at least 24 millibars, or an average of 1 millibar per hour, over a 24-hour period; the Great Blizzard deepened by a remarkable 40 millibars in that span of time. The storm initially began as rain but quickly changed over to heavy snow during the pre-dawn hours (as arctic air deepened ahead of the storm) leading to frequent whiteouts and zero visibility during the day on Thursday, January 26. As the storm headed for Ohio, this resulted in a "storm of unprecedented magnitude", according to the National Weather Service, which categorized it as a rare severe blizzard, the most severe grade of winter storm. Particularly hard hit were the states of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and southeast Wisconsin where up to of snow fell. Winds gusting up to caused drifts that nearly buried some homes. Wind chill values reached across much of Ohio where 51 of the total 70 storm-related deaths occurred. The third lowest atmospheric pressure ever recorded in the United States, apart from a tropical system, occurred as the storm passed over Mount Clemens, Michigan. The barometer fell to on January 26. Nearby Detroit, Michigan fell to . The absolute low pressure with this storm was picked up at Sarnia, Ontario at around the same time, where the barometer bottomed out at . Toronto fell to 28.40 inches, breaking the old record by 0.17. Canada did not escape the wrath of the storm as blizzard conditions were common across southwestern Ontario. London was paralyzed by of snow and winds gusting to . The blizzard was the worst in Ohio history; 51 people died as a result of the storm. Over 5000 members of the Ohio National Guard were called in to make numerous rescues. Police asked citizens who had four-wheel-drive vehicles or snowmobiles to transport doctors to the hospital. From January 26 to 27, the entire Ohio Turnpike was shut down for the first time ever. The total effect on transportation in Ohio was described by Major General James C. Clem of the Ohio National Guard as comparable to a nuclear attack. Michigan Governor William Milliken declared a state of emergency and called out the Michigan National Guard to aid stranded motorists and road crews. The Michigan State Police pronounced Traverse City, Michigan "unofficially closed" and warned area residents to stay home. WTCM radio staffer Marty Spaulding, who closed the bayfront location station the previous night at 11 pm was called to re-open it the next day at 6am as regular staffers could not get there due to impassable roads. Upon arriving after a 45-minute walk in waist deep snow from his home a mere 10 city blocks distant, he had to dig down "a foot" to put the key in the front door. In Indiana on day two, just a half-hour after the arctic front blasted through, the Indianapolis International Airport was closed due to whiteout conditions. At 3 am, the blizzard produced peak winds of 55 mph. Temperatures dropped to zero that morning. Wind chills remained a bone-chilling 40 to 50 below zero nearly all day. The governor Otis R. (Doc) Bowen declared a snow emergency for the entire state the morning of the 26th. Snow drifts of 10 to 20 feet made travel virtually impossible, stranding an Amtrak train and thousands of vehicles and weary travelers. During the afternoon of the 26th, the Indiana State Police considered all Indiana roads closed. Classes at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio and the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana were canceled for the first time in the history of those universities; at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana (where 25 inches of snow fell) for the third time in its history; and, at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio for the first time since the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. An inch or more, usually much more, of snow would remain on much of that particular area for nearly two months straight. The storm did much damage to the Ohio valley and to the Great Lakes. In Brampton, Ontario (northwest of Toronto) on Thursday afternoon, school buses could not get through deep snow to the then-rural campus of Sheridan College to take students home. Neither could any other vehicles, so some community college students had to stay on campus overnight. The following table displays selected U.S. snowfall totals during January 25–29, 1978: "Note: * = Total data for a 24 hour period."

Sylvia is a play by A. R. Gurney. It premiered in 1995 Off-Broadway. The subject is "Sylvia", a dog, the couple who adopts her, and the comedy that results. Gurney said that the play had been rejected by many producers before the Manhattan Theatre Club produced it, because "it equated a dog with a woman, and to ask a woman to play a dog was not just misogynist, but blatantly sexist." Gurney added that he did not think that way. He noted that the play has a "timely message of the need to connect in an increasingly alien and impersonal world. 'There is a need to connect, not only to a dog, but to other people through the dog.'" In an article for the 2nd Story Theatre in Warren, Rhode Island, Eileen Warburton wrote that "'Sylvia' is a love story, of course, or at least a story about a man’s relationship with one of those magical animals people in stories so often meet just when they’re at a troubling crossroads in life, an animal that is a guide to finding the best in ourselves... our propensity to project human characteristics and motives onto our non-human companions is dramatized by having the adopted dog played by a sexy, adoring young woman." "Sylvia" opened Off-Broadway at Stage I of the Manhattan Theatre Club on May 2, 1995, where it ran for 167 performances. Directed by John Tillinger, the cast included Sarah Jessica Parker as "Sylvia", Blythe Danner, and Charles Kimbrough. The production received Drama Desk Award nominations for Outstanding Play, Outstanding Actress in a Play (Parker), and Outstanding Costume Design (Jane Greenwood). The play ran at the Coronet Theatre, Los Angeles, in February 1997, starring Stephanie Zimbalist as "Sylvia", Mary Beth Piel, Derek Smith and Charles Kimbrough. The play was produced by the La Mirada Theatre, Los Angeles, California, in 2007 starring Cathy Rigby as "Sylvia". The play was produced by the Berkshire Theatre Group, Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in July 2011. The reviewer called it a "comic masterpiece". The play's first Broadway production began previews at the Cort Theatre on October 2, 2015, starring Annaleigh Ashford as "Sylvia", Matthew Broderick, Julie White and Robert Sella, directed by Daniel J. Sullivan. The production officially opened on October 27, 2015 and ran a limited engagement through January 24, 2016. Costumes were designed by Ann Roth. The Broadway production announced that it was closing three weeks early, due to poor ticket sales. The place is New York City, the time is the 1990s. Middle-aged, upper-middle class Greg finds Sylvia, a dog (played by a human), in the park and takes a liking to her. He brings her back to the empty nest he shares with Kate. When Kate gets home, she reacts very negatively to Sylvia and wants her gone. They eventually decide that Sylvia will stay for a few days before they decide whether she can stay longer, but Greg and Sylvia have already bonded. Over the next few days, Greg spends more and more time with Sylvia and less time at his job. Greg and Sylvia go on long walks; they discuss life and astronomy. Already dissatisfied with his job, Greg now has another reason to avoid work. Tension increases between Greg and Kate, who still does not like Sylvia. Eventually, Greg becomes completely obsessed with Sylvia, and Kate fears their marriage is falling apart. Kate and Sylvia are at odds with each other, each committed to seeing the other defeated. Greg meets a strange character at the dog run, who gives Greg tips on how to manage Sylvia and his predicament involving Kate. Greg has Sylvia spayed. Sylvia is angry and in pain, but she still loves him completely. Kate's friend pays a visit and is repulsed by Greg and Sylvia. Greg, Kate and Sylvia sing "Every Time We Say Goodbye". Greg and Kate visit a therapist, Leslie, who is ambiguously male and female depending on her patients' state of mind. After a session with Greg, Leslie tells Kate to get a gun and shoot Sylvia: "I hope you get her right between the eyes." Kate is asked to teach abroad, in London, and tells Greg that the English have a six-month quarantine for any dogs coming into the country. Greg is unwilling, but eventually he succumbs and gives the news to Sylvia, that he must give her away, to a family who have a farm in Westchester County. Greg and Sylvia have a heated and tender moment. Kate and Sylvia say goodbye; but, before Greg and Sylvia leave for Westchester, Sylvia returns the annotated and slightly chewed version of "Alls Well That Ends Well" that Kate has been looking for, and Kate has a change of heart. The last scene is directed toward the audience. Sylvia has died, and Greg and Kate still hold her memory in all fondness. Vincent Canby, in his review in "The New York Times" of the original 1995 production wrote "Dramatic literature is stuffed with memorable love scenes. But none is as immediately delicious and dizzy as the one that begins the redeeming affair in A. R. Gurney's new comedy, 'Sylvia,'... Here's a romantic triangle about Greg (Charles Kimbrough), Kate (Blythe Danner) and the mongrel named Sylvia (Sarah Jessica Parker) who, as Kate puts it, eats a serious hole in their 22-year marriage." The "CurtainUp" reviewer of a 2010 regional production called the play "a delightful fantasy, but also a psychologically persuasive look at one man's mid-life crisis." The "USA Today" reviewer of the 2015 Broadway production praised the performers, writing: "Kate, played by a wonderfully wry Julie White... Broderick is very much in his comfort zone playing the blithely goofy straight man... Ashford has the juiciest role, ... and she plays it to hilt, without letting Sylvia chew the scenery (or Kate's red heels) entirely. The actress is a riot sliding on knee pads, wagging her legs around and rushing down the aisle to suggest hot pursuit of a male canine... directed with a winking eye and a buoyant heart." The "Newsday" reviewer wrote of a "sympathy-evoking Julie White", the "utmost clueless sweetness by Mathew Broderick in his most engaged and endearing performance in a long time", and the "spectacular Annaleigh Ashford", but criticized the direction: "...increasingly annoying directorial exaggeration as Daniel Sullivan's production progresses..."

The title mnemonist (derived from the term mnemonic) refers to an individual with the ability to remember and recall unusually long lists of data, such as unfamiliar names, lists of numbers, entries in books, etc. Mnemonists may have superior innate ability to recall or remember, or may use techniques such as the method of loci. While the innateness of mnemonists' skills is debated, the methods that mnemonists use to memorize are well-documented. Many mnemonists have been studied in psychology labs over the last century, and most have been found to use mnemonic devices. Currently, all memory champions at the World Memory Championships have said that they use mnemonic strategies, such as the method of loci, to perform their memory feats. Skilled memory theory was proposed by K. Anders Ericsson and Bill Chase to explain the effectiveness of mnemonic devices in memory expertise. Generally, short-term memory has a capacity of seven items; however, in order to memorize long strings of unrelated information, this constraint must be overcome. Skilled memory theory involves three steps: meaningful encoding, retrieval structure, and speed-up. In encoding, information is encoded in terms of knowledge structures through meaningful associations. This may initially involve breaking down long lists into more manageable chunks that fall within the capacity of short term memory. Verbal reports of memory experts show a consistent grouping of three or four. A digit sequence 1-9-4-5, for example, can then be remembered as "the year World War Two ended". Luria reported that Solomon Shereshevsky used synesthesia to associate numbers and words as visual images or colors to encode the information presented to him, but Luria did not clearly distinguish between synesthesia and mnemonic techniques like the method of loci and number shapes. Other subjects studied have used previous knowledge such as racing times or historical information to encode new information. This is supported by studies that have shown that previous knowledge about a subject will increase one's ability to remember it. Chess experts, for example, can memorize more pieces of a chess game in progress than a novice chess player. However, while there is some correlation between memory expertise and general intelligence, as measured by either IQ or the general intelligence factor, the two are by no means identical. Many memory experts have been shown to be average to above-average by these two measures, but not exceptional. The next step is to create a retrieval structure by which the associations can be recalled. It serves the function of storing retrieval cues without having to use short term memory. It is used to preserve the order of items to be remembered. Verbal reports of memory experts show two prominent methods of retrieving information: hierarchical nodes and the method of loci. Retrieval structures are hierarchically organized and can be thought of as nodes that are activated when information is retrieved. Verbal reports have shown that memory experts have different retrieval structures. One expert clustered digits into groups, groups into supergroups, and supergroups into clusters of supergroups. However, by far the most common method of retrieval structure is the method of loci. The method of loci is "the use of an orderly arrangement of locations into which one could place the images of things or people that are to be remembered". The encoding process happens in three steps. First, an architectural area, such as the houses on a street, must be memorized. Second, each item to be remembered must be associated with a separate image. Finally, this set of images can be distributed in a "locus," or place within the architectural area in a pre-determined order. Then, as one tries to recall the information, the mnemonists simply has to "walk" down the street, see each symbol, and recall the associated information. An example of mnemonists who used this is Solomon Shereshevsky; he would use Gorky Street, a street he lived on. When he read, each word would form a graphic image. He would then place this image in a place along the street; later, when he needed to recall the information, he would simply "stroll" down the street again to recall the necessary information. Neuroimaging studies have shown results that support the method of loci as the retrieval method in world-class memory performers. An fMRI recorded brain activity in memory experts and a control group as they were memorizing selected data. Previous studies have shown that teaching a control group the method of loci leads to changes in brain activation during memorization. Consistent with their use of the method of loci, memory experts had higher activity in the medial parietal cortex, retrospenial cortex, and right posterior hippocampus; these brain areas have been linked to spatial memory and navigation. These differences were observable even when the memory experts were trying to memorize stimuli, such as snowflakes, where they showed no superior ability to the control group. The final step in skilled memory theory is acceleration. With practice, time necessary for encoding and retrieval operations can be dramatically reduced. As a result, storage of information can then be performed within a few seconds. Indeed, one confounding factor in the study of memory is that the subjects often improve from day-to-day as they are tested over and over. Much evidence exists which points towards memory expertise as a learned skill which can only be learned through hours of deliberate practice. Anecdotally, the performers in top memory competitions like the World Memory Championships and the Extreme Memory Tournament all deny any ability of a photographic memory; rather, these experts have averaged 10 years practicing their encoding strategies. Another piece of evidence which points away from an innate superiority of memory is the specificity of memory expertise in memorists. For example, though memory experts have an exceptional ability to remember digits, their ability to remember unrelated items which are more difficult to encode, such as symbols or snowflakes, is the same as that of an average person. The same holds true for memory experts in other fields: studies of mental calculators and chess experts show the same specificity for superior memory. In some cases, other types of memory, such as visual memory for faces, may even be impaired. Another piece of evidence of memory expertise as a learned ability is the fact that dedicated individuals can make exceptional memory gains when exposed to mnemonics and given a chance to practice. One subject, SF, a college student of average intelligence, was able to attain world-class memory performance after hundreds of hours of practice over two years. His memory, in fact, improved over 70 standard deviations, while his digit span, or memory span for digits, grew to 80 digits, which was higher than the digit span for all memory experts previously recorded. Similarly, adults of average intelligence taught encoding strategies also show large gains in memory performance. Finally, neuroimaging studies performed on memory experts and compared to a control group have found no systematic anatomical differences in the brain between memory experts and a control group. While it is true that there are activation differences between the brains of memory experts and a control group, these are due to the use of spatial techniques to form retrieval structures, not any structural differences. Much of the evidence for innate superiority of memory is anecdotal and is therefore rejected by scientists who have moved toward accepting only reproducible studies as evidence for elite performance. There have been exceptions, however, that do not fit skilled memory theory as proposed by Chase and Ericsson. Synesthetes, for example, show a memory advantage for material that induces their synesthesia over a control group. This advantage tends to be in retention of new information rather than learning. However, synesthetes are likely to have some brain differences which give them an innate advantage when it comes to memory. Another group which may have some innate memory advantage are autistic savants. Unfortunately, many savants who have performed memory feats, such as Kim Peek and Daniel Tammet, have not been studied in a lab; they do claim to not need to use encoding strategies. A recent imaging study of savants found that there are activation differences between savants and typically developing individuals; these cannot be explained by the method of loci as mnemonic savants do not tend to use encoding strategies for their memory. Savants activated the right inferior occipital areas of their brain, whereas control participants activated the left parietal region which is generally associated with attentional processes. ***LIST***. Memory sport contains a more comprehensive list of well-known memory athletes. The complete, up-to-date memory world rankings can be found at the International Association of Memory website.

Rama Varma Kunhji Pillai Thampuran (1751–1805), or Rama Varma IX, popularly known as Sakthan Thampuran ("Sakthan" meaning powerful), was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cochin. He was the King of Cochin and his palace was in Thrissur City. City of Thrissur is the "Cultural Capital of Kerala" and Sakthan Thampuran is the very architect of City of Thrissur. Thrissur Pooram was also introduced by him. Born on Karkidakom, 926 (ME) (26_August_1751 AD) at Vellarapally Palace to Anujan Namboodiripad of the Chennamangalam Mana and Ambika Thampuratti of the Cochin Royal Family. His mother died when he was only three years old. The prince was brought up by his maternal aunt, famously known as "Chittamma" (meaning mother's younger sister) Thampuratti. His early education took place under the tutelage of scholars such as Kallenkara Pisharody. Sakthan Thampuran was a very powerful Maharaja as his name indicate. Thampuran married twice. His first wife was a Nair lady from the reputed Vadakke Kuruppath family of Thrissur whom he married when he was 30 years old. He is said to have had a daughter from this first wife. However, this "Nethyar Amma" (title of the consort of the Cochin Rajah) died soon after an unhappy marriage. Thereafter the Thampuran remained single for a few decades, marrying again at the age of 52. The second wife of the Thampuran was Chummukutty Nethyar Amma of the Karimpatta family and was a talented musician and dancer of Kaikottikalli. She was 17 at the time of her marriage with the Thampuran. This marriage was without issue and within 4 years the Thampuran died. In those days the widowed Nethyar Ammas did not have any special provisions from the state and hence Chummukutty, at the age of 21, returned to her ancestral home. After his 55th birthday Sakthan Thampuran fell ill and died in Kanni 11, 980 (ME) (26 September 1805 AD), at Thrissur City. He was buried in Shakthan Thampuran Palace, Thrissur. His palace in Thrissur City is preserved as a monument and he was responsible for developing the Thrissur City and also making it the "Cultural Capital of Kerala". In 1762, ten taluks(Kovilakathum vathukkals) and two Edavagas(semi taluks) were formed in Cochin Kingdom. But the feudal chieftains were enjoining the power as before.After Thampuran ascended the throne of Cochin, he crushed the power of the feudal chieftains and consolidated the royal power. At that time Vadakkunnathan and. Peruvanam temples were controlled by Namboodiri comvmunity, called Yogiatiripppads. The Yogiatiripppads was elected from different temples in the Thrissur District. Thampuran wrested the control of the temples and banished the system of Yogiatiripppads. Thampuran was strict and merciless with criminals which earned his name, "Sakthan". British authorities enjoyed a good relation with Thampuran. He was also a personal friend of Dharma Raja of Travancore. The modern day town of Thrissur owes its origin to Sakthan Thampuran. The reason for his love of the town arose from the fact that his two wives were both born here. They belonged to the Kuruppath and Karimpatta families of Thrissur. Sakthan Thampuran transferred his capital from Thrippunithura to Thrissur to found the modern city. He cleared the teak forests around the Vadakkunnathan Temple and developed the Thekkinkadu Maidan, which is now at the heart of the city. After clearing the forest, he built a circular concrete road now known as Swaraj Round. The Thrissur Pooram or "Mother of all Poorams", as it was known, was the brainchild of Sakthan Thampuran. In those days Arattupuzha Pooram was the largest temple festival in Kerala. The participants in Thrissur Pooram were regular participants in this pooram. Once they were denied entry to Arattupuzha Pooram because they were late. All the late participant temples went to Sakthan Thampuran, then Maharaja of Cochin, and complained about this bias. Thampuran invited all these temples to bring their deities to Thrissur and pay obeisance to Lord Shiva, the deity of the Vadakkunnathan Temple. Thampuran classified the participants into two groups, the Western and the Eastern. The Western group consisted of the Thiruvambady, Kanimangalam, Laloor, Ayyanthole, and Nethilakkavu temples while the Paramekkavu, Karamukku, Chembukavu, Choorakottukavu and Panamukkamppilly temples came under the eastern group. Named after Shakthan Thampuran, the palace is spread over of Thrissur and was earlier known as "Vadakkechira Kovilakam". It is one of the historic, cultural, architectural important palace of the erstwhile Maharaja of Cochin, which has now been converted into a heritage museum. This palace is a blend of traditional Kerala and Dutch architectural styles following its 1795 reconstruction.

David John "Dave" Graney is an Australian rock musician, singer-songwriter and author from Melbourne. Since 1978, Graney has been accompanied by drummer, Clare Moore. The pair have fronted numerous bands including The Moodists (1980 to 1987), Dave Graney and The White Buffaloes (1989 to 1990), Dave Graney and Coral Snakes (1987 to 1989, 1991 to 1997), The Dave Graney Show (1998 to 2003) , Dave Graney and Clare Moore featuring the Lurid Yellow Mist or Dave Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist (2004 to 2011) and currently, dave graney and the mistLY. He was awarded 'Best Male Vocalist' at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996 for his work on "The Soft 'n' Sexy Sound", while "Feelin' Kinda Sporty" won 'Best Video' in 1997 and he has received seven other ARIA Award nominations. He has also co-presented a radio show since 2009 on Melbourne's Triple R 102.7 community radio station called Banana Lounge Broadcasting aka "BLB". David John Graney was born on 2 February 1959 and grew up in Mount Gambier, South Australia. In 1978, he relocated to Adelaide, and, as lead vocalist, he teamed with drummer, Clare Moore , to form Sputniks with Liz Dealey on bass guitar, Phillip Costello on guitar and Steve Miller on guitar. Sputniks released one single, "Second Glance" on an independent label before moving to Melbourne in 1979 where they disbanded. Graney, Miller and Moore formed post-punk group The Moodists with Steve Carman on bass guitar in 1980. They released a single "where the trees walk downnhill/I should have been here" on the AuGoGo label.Carman was soon replaced by Chris Walsh (ex-Negatives, Fabulous Marquises) on bass guitar. This line-up released a single "Gone Dead"/"Chads Car", and an ep "Engine Shudder" on the AuGoGo label. In April 1983, Mick Turner (Sick Things, Fungus Brains) joined on guitar and they relocated to the United Kingdom in October. They released their studio album, "Thirsty's Calling" in 1984 on the Red Flame label with Victor Van Vugt producing. Red Flame also released an album in 1985 called "Double Life". A single "justice and money too" was released on the Creation label. Chris Walsh left in the same year, 11985. David McClymont – ex Orange Juice- joined on bass and the band recorded two 12' eps "take the red carpet out of town" and "someones got to give" on the TIM label in the UK. By mid-1986, Graney and Moore disbanded The Moodists, they formed Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes (also seen as Dave Graney with the Coral Snakes) in late 1987 and played in London pubs and clubs. Other members were, Gordy Blair on bass guitar, Malcolm Ross (ex-Orange Juice, The Moodists) on guitar and Louis Vause on piano and keyboards. In 1988, with Barry Adamson (former member of Magazine, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds) producing, they recorded enough material for an extended play, "At His Stone Beach" released in September on the Fire label. The cover had ornate, Edwardian-lettering by UK illustrator Dave Western. By 1989, Graney and Moore were ordered out of the country by UK immigration authorities. The four tracks, "World Full of Daughters", "Listen to her Lovers Sing", "A Deal made for Somebody Else" and "The Greatest Show in Town", were later included on CD version of the Dave Graney with the White Buffaloes' album, "My Life on the Plains". Back in Melbourne, the couple formed Dave Graney with The White Buffaloes with Rod Hayward (ex-Little Murders) on guitar, Conway Savage (Boy Kings) on keyboards and Walsh (The Moodists) on bass guitar. Graney had adopted a cowboy image, wearing snake skin and brown suede, sporting a curled moustache and waxed goatee. The band released "My Life on the Plains" in 1989 with Phil Vinall producing. Vinall, a friend of Graney and Moore, later worked with The Auteurs, Placebo and Magic Dirt (among others). The album included tracks written by other artists, such as Gene Clarke, Fred Neil, Gram Parsons and the traditional "Streets of Laredo". In their live shows they included songs by Doug Sahm, Lou Reed, Buffy Sainte Marie and Tim Rose. The title was from an autobiographical tome by George Armstrong Custer in 1876, the year he died at Little Big Horn. The cover featured images of a young Jesse James, Custer and ornate Edwardian lettering by London artist Dave Western, based on a Frederic Remington cowboy painting. It reflected Graney's current persona and obsession with wild western myth and late 1960s psychedelic bands with similar tastes, The Charlatans and Quicksilver Messenger Service from San Francisco. No singles were released from the album, although a video was shot by Tony Mahony for "Robert Ford on the Stage". Savage left to join Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds and they were joined on pedal steel guitar by Graham Lee (The Triffids). This line-up recorded, "Codine", a live in the studio four-track extended play, which was issued late in the year. It was later added to the CD version of the "I was the Hunter... and I was The Prey" album. "Codine" was written by Sainte-Marie and had been performed by The Charlatans in swaggering space cowboy style while the Dave Graney with the White Buffaloes cover version was "romantic, country-flavoured R&B". The EP sleeve was another Dave Western illustration. During June 1990, Graney, Hayward and Moore travelled to London and recorded "I Was the Hunter... and I Was the Prey" with Blair on bass guitar, Ross on guitar, and Vause on piano. The album was produced by Vinall at a Croydon home studio run by former Procol Harum organist Matthew Fisher. The cover by Western shows Graney with full 'Hickock' curled moustache and velvet pomp. It was not issued until May 1992, due to problems with the label, under the name Dave Graney with the Coral Snakes. In mid-1991, the band had moved back to Melbourne with a line-up of Blair, Graney, Moore, and Hayward; with Robin Casinader on keyboards (ex-the Wreckery). In July 1992, they released a live album, "Lure of the Tropics" on the Torn & Frayed label on Shock Records. It was recorded at St Kilda's Prince of Wales Hotel. A week earlier the group had performed their Little Big Horn Show and first presented the title track. The cover art was by Mahony, the album featured three other improvised tracks and was originally mixed by Phil McKellar – it was re-released in 1997 with extra tracks and remixed by Tony Cohen. For their April 1993 album, "Night of the Wolverine", the band signed with PolyGram, Andrew Picouleau (ex-Sacred Cowboys) provided the bass guitar and Cohen co-produced. Graney adopted a new persona, The Golden Wolverine, with the album described as "a certified Australian rock classic. It captured Graney at the peak of his songwriting powers ... [tracks were] full of elegant and eccentric detail". Tex Perkins (The Cruel Sea) guested on lead vocals for "Night of the Wolverine II" with Amanda Brotchie on backing vocals. The title track and "You're Just Too Hip, Baby" reached No. 48 and No. 59 on Triple J's Hottest 100 for 1993. Cover art was by Mahony who directed the video for "You're Just Too Hip, Baby". The band toured backing Hunters & Collectors, then The Cruel Sea before heading their own national tour. The album and tours had raised their profile with mainstream music critics. "Night of the Wolverine" earned an ARIA Award nomination for 'Best Alternative Release' at the 1994 ceremony. It was released on the This Way Up label in the UK in 1996 and also re-issued on Graney and Moore's own label, Cockaigne, in 2004 with extra tracks from later works. The band's next album, "You Wanna Be There But You Don't Wanna Travel", which peaked at No. 10 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Album Charts, was released in June 1994. With Blair back on bass guitar, it was co-produced with Cohen. The singles from the album were, "I'm Gonna Release Your Soul" in April, and "You Wanna Be Loved" in August. Limited edition of the album included a bonus disc, "Unbuttoned", with seven extra tracks. Promotional film clip for "I'm Gonna Release Your Soul", directed by Mahony, was nominated as 'Best Video' in 1995. The group's July 1995 album, "The Soft 'n' Sexy Sound", was produced by Victor Van Vugt. It reached the Top 40 and earned Graney the 'Best Male Artist' accolade at the ARIA Music Awards of 1996. In his acceptance speech, Graney wore a hot pink, crushed velvet suit and a wig to declare himself (under his breath) 'King of Pop'. This was a reference to a 1970s which was presented by teen magazine, "Go-Set". The album also received nominations as 'Best Cover Art' for Mahony and 'Producer of the Year' for Victor Vaughan . "I'm not Afraid to Be Heavy" (June), "Rock 'n' Roll Is Where I Hide" (August) and "I'm Gonna Live in My Own Big World" (February 1996) were issued as singles. The limited edition album's bonus disc, "Music for Colourful Racing Identities", featured seven live tracks. It was also accompanied by a media CD with an interview of Graney by HG Nelson called "A Word in Yer Shell, Like". It was released in the UK and Europe on the This Way Up label in 1996. Graney and Moore spent 6 months of the year recording and working in London. The next album, "The Devil Drives", (May 1997), reached the Top 20. It was recorded in Melbourne and mixed in London at Maison Rouge studios and co-produced by Graney, Moore and David Ruffy. It spawned the single, "Feelin' Kinda Sporty". The single won 'Best Video' by Mahony in 1997, the album was nominated for 'Best Cover Art' by Mahony and Graney received a nomination as 'Best Male Artist'. The second single was "A Man on the Make". "The Devil Drives" was the last studio album for the Coral Snakes and with Universal Music as Graney and Moore disbanded the group and parted ways with the label in December. Album also accompanied by a media CD with an interview with Dave Graney called "Coffins Have no Pockets", which was part of a media booklet based on a Holden Monaro owner's manual. In 1997 Graney released his first book, "It is Written, Baby", a collection of his lyrics interspersed with fragments of journalism, memoir and opinion, with photographs by Mahony. Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes released a compilation, "The Baddest", in September 1999. It included an unreleased version of "The Sheriff of Hell" from "The Devil Drives" which was re-recorded and remixed with Andrew Duffield (ex-Models) on keyboards, Phil Kenihan and Billy Miller (The Ferrets) on guitar and vocals. The same team had issued "Feelin' Kinda Sporty" the previous year. It also featured an unreleased cover version of the AC/DC song "Show Business". Cover art was provided by Mahony. Graney and Moore's next band was The Dave Graney Show (elaborated in 2003 to The Royal Dave Graney Show), which formed in early 1998 with Stuart Perera on guitar and Adele Pickvance (Robert Forster Band) on bass guitar. The single, "Between Times", and "The Dave Graney Show" were released in November on Festival Records. Guest musicians included Duffield, Sean Kelly (ex-Models) on backing vocals and Billy Miller. It was co-produced with Duffiled and Kenihan. In February 1999, "Your Masters Must Be Pleased with You" was released as a single and Billy Miller had permanently joined the line-up. The latter single's video was part of a twenty-minute film shot and edited by Mahony called "Smile and Wave". This album saw half of it recorded and played by only Graney and Moore, then the rest of the band was brought in to play the other half. Graney and Moore continued to perform live around Australia and released material on their own Melbourne based label, Cockaigne. Initially with MGM, it was later distributed by Reverberation, a Sydney boutique label. Cockaigne's release was The Dave Graney Show's single, "Drugs are Wasted on the Young" in February 2000 ahead of the album, "Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye" in April. It was co-produced by Graney, Moore and Adam Rhodes. Other singles were "Out of the Loop" (with Mahony video) and "Have You Heard About the Melbourne Mafia?". All with cover art by Mahony. Graney described the album as "dark, brandy flavoured, disco". It was released in the UK and Europe on Cooking Vinyl. A tour of Europe, with a line-up of Graney, Moore and Perera, supporting Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds followed in 2001. Moore released her first solo album, "The Third Woman", on Chapter Music in August. In July 2002, the band released "Heroic Blues", which was produced by Graney, Moore and Adam Rhodes. The single, "Are We Goin' Too Fast For Love? ", was issued. The title track was recorded live at a sound check at the Tarwin Lower Pub earlier in the year. Graney improvised the vocal about a performer playing to an empty room. He called it a "folk soul" album. Moore appeared with Melbourne band, The Sand Pebbles, on stage as well as on record. She contributed strings and keyboards to albums by Kim Salmon as well as the Wagons. She played on Robert Forster's (Go Betweens) covers CD "I Had a New York Girlfriend". She appears with Jane Dust and the Giant Hoopoes, her own band the Dames and with jazz combination Henry Manetta and the Trip. Graney and Moore engineered and mixed the debut albums by the Darling Downs (Salmon and Ron Peno) and the Muddy Spurs. They both played in Salmon, the seven guitar, two drummer heavy rock orchestra devised and led by Kim Salmon. In 2003, Graney and Moore briefly reformed The Moodists – with Turner, Steve Miller and Walsh – for a limited number of performances in Melbourne to promote the release of a double compilation album, "Two Fisted Art (1980 -1986)". The album was released on the W.Minc label – run by Steve Miller – in 2003 and contains nineteen of the band's studio tracks on the first disc and sixteen previously unreleased live recordings (recorded in Sydney (March 1983), Melbourne (December 1984) and London (July 1985)) on the second disc. As Dave Graney and Clare Moore, the couple worked on the soundtrack for the feature film, "Bad Eggs", and released "Music from the Motion Picture – Bad Eggs" in July. They received an ARIA nomination for 'Best Original Soundtrack Album' at the 2003 ceremony. "The Brother Who Lived" was released in 2003 by The Royal Dave Graney Show ( a nod to the Royal Melbourne Show) – with a line-up of Graney on vocals, harmonica, organ, and bass, acoustic and electric guitars; Moore on drums, vocals, keyboards, percussion; Billy Miller on acoustic and electric guitars, and vocals; Perera on vocals and electric guitar; and Pickvance on vocals, percussion and bass guitar. It was produced by Graney, Moore and J Walker. Singles issued were "Midnight to Dawn" and "All Our Friends Were Stars". The latter had a video shot and edited by Graney, Mahony made a video for "The Brother Who Lived". The main part of the album was recorded, after The Moodists reunion, in a day with the all the band in the studio together. Four other tracks were recorded and mixed by Graney and Moore at their Melbourne studio. Pickvance left the group and bass guitar was taken up by Stu Thomas (Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, Kim Salmon and the Business, Salmon, The Stu Thomas Paradox) in 2004. Graney contributed music to and played a small (musical) part in a stage production of the 1960s British play "Stone" in 2004. Graney and Moore released a double album , "Hashish and Liquor", in 2005, with the first disc, "Hashish" performed by Graney and the second, "Liquor" by Moore. In 2006, Graney's "Point Blank", which he described as "a song cycle of a life as a heavy entertainer", for which he was accompanied by jazz musician Mark Fitzgibbon (The Moodists) on piano and Moore on vibraphone. Concurrently, a touring trio of Graney (12-string, vocal), Moore (vibes, vocal) and Stu Thomas aka Stu D (baritone guitar, vocal) was formed, performing extensively across Australia, in support of the 2006 CD, "Keepin' it Unreal" on Cockaigne. This trio appeared in Europe in 2008 as opening act for Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds. In 2007 Graney and Moore joined with guitarist, Perera, pianist Mark Fitzgibbon and bass player Stu Thomas to form The Lurid Yellow Mist featuring Dave Graney and Clare Moore (or as Dave Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist). The name of the band, according to Moore, was based on the strange miasmic cloud that the man in the 1957 science fiction film, "The Incredible Shrinking Man" drove his speedboat through just before he started his transformation. As a collective they worked on a batch of new songs at the Yarraville Mouth Organ Band (YMOB) hall, before entering Sing Sing Studios in September where they laid down eight tracks in a day, virtually recording live. Graney and Moore then mixed it at their home studio, Ponderosa, finishing in November. The resultant album, "We Wuz Curious" was released on the Illustrious Artists label on 14 June 2008. The first single, "I'm in the Future Now", issued in November 2007, had music written by Stu Thomas, who also made the video (filmed in Cocos Islands). A video was also made for "Let's Kill God Again", which received some radio promotion. Fitzgibbon left in 2008 due to moving out of Melbourne. The band continued as a four-piece. In May 2009, Graney released his first album credited as a solo billing, "Knock Yourself Out". It was released on Cockaigne with distribution by Fuse. Described by Graney as an "electro boogie" album. It was produced, recorded and mixed by Graney, with Moore co-writing some tracks, arranging and contributing instrumentation, with Thomas and Perera from The Lurid Yellow Mist as guest performers. A video was produced for the title track, "Knock Yourself Out", directed by Nick Cowan, it was shot in Hosier Lane and Smith Street, Melbourne. A follow up show to the narrative performance "Point Blank" was performed at the Butterfly Club in 2009, which was called "Live in Hell". It featured songs by Graney with other Hell-related tunes by Elvis Presley, Roxy Music, the Fall and the Doors. Mostly without any amplification, the line-up was Perera on acoustic guitar, Thomas on bass guitar, Moore on a small drum kit and Graney on vocals. In 2010 , a third narrative style show was performed at the Butterfly Club. "MC Bits" featured the duo of Graney accompanied by Fitzgibbon on piano. 2010 saw the release of "Supermodified", a remix and remastering compilation project where Graney went back to the 2001 and 2003 albums "Heroic Blues" and "The Brother Who Lived" to sing, play extra guitars and add keyboards and percussion and remix the songs. Previously unreleased tracks were included in the package of 18 tracks, with a Mahony illustration on the cover. 2011 saw the release of "Rock'n'Roll is Where I Hide", on Liberation. The album was recorded at Soundpark in Melbourne by Graney and the Lurid Yellow Mist and mixed by Victor Van Vugt in New York. A collection of re-recordings with the Lurid Yellow Mist of songs from his back catalogue. It was released with Graney's second book, "1001 Australian Nights", by Affirm Press, which concentrates on his life as an artist and performer. Dave Graney also began writing a monthly column for the Melbourne Review. In 2012, the band's name was altered to Dave Graney & The mistLY, and the album "You've Been in My Mind" was released by Cockaigne/Fuse. The lead single was "Flash in the Pantz", with an accompanying video of the band shot live at Meredith Music Festival 2011. A further video for "we need a champion" was filmed and edited by Nick Cowan. Graney and Moore also played and recorded an album as rhythm section for Harry Howard and the NDE. A band fronted by old friend Harry Howard ( These Immortal Souls, Crime and the City Solution, the Pink Stainless Tail) and Edwina Preston. A second album called "Pretty" was recorded and released in early 2013. A video for "Devil in a garbage Can was shot and edited by Nick Cowans. 2013 saw a series of digital only singles released as work was begun on a solo acoustic album. Clare Moore was also concentrating on the debut album of her band, The DAMES. Digital only albums "POINT BLANK" and "LIVE IN HELL" were also released. Documents of the "narrative shows" performed in 2006 and 2009 respectively. The Moodists undertook a show as part of the invitational only festival DIG IT UP, curated by the Hoodoo Gurus. This line-up featured the Blue Oyster Cult , the Flaming Groovies, Peter Case and the Buzzcocks. A fourth narrative show was also performed at the Butterfly Club in Melbourne. A solo show called EARLY FOLK featured dave graney playing songs from across his career which had been inspired by the town of Mt Gambier. May 2014 saw the release of "FEARFUL WIGGINGS", the second album to be credited as a "solo" album. Again, Clare Moore featured extensively on the album playing vibes and singing. UK guitarist Nick harper played on two tracks and Graney recorded all the lead vocals with Lisa Gerard (Dead Can Dance) at her studio in country Victoria. Three songs from the album had accompanying video clips. The song "everything was legendary with Robert" had a video made for it by film makers Donna McRae and Michael Vale, while a video for "country roads, unwinding" was made by Dave Graney. This video featured footage of the drive along the Coorong between Adelaide and Mt Gambier shot by Heath Britton. In 2015 a final video was released for "a woman skinnies a man up", written and directed by Nick Cowan and Thomas Whiteside. The video clip, a slap stick comedy in the style of Russ Meyer, was hailed by critics as a triumph. 2015 saw the release of several digtial only albums . "Play mistLY for Me - live recordings vol 1", "dave graney - night of the wolverine demos/early 90s songwriter demos", "Once I Loved The Torn Ocean's Roar - 80s/90s Demos Vol 2" . 2015 also saw the first of several reunion shows with Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes, playing to sellout crowds in Melbourne, Sydney, Newcastle and Adelaide. The Melbourne annual Leaps and Bounds Festival honoured Dave Graney and Clare Moore as LIVING LEGENDS and a cconcert was held at the Gasometer Hotel with many Melbourne musicians paying tribute to the pair by playing their songs. The performances went for 5 hourss. 2016 saw Cockaigne releases being updated in digital collections via s new online distributor , the Orchard. February the first of a monthly digital sinle release with "I'm A Good Hater". In March there was "This Is The Deadest Place I've Ever Died In". In April, "I Been Trendy", in May, "Drifting Donna Reed", in June "Are You Out Of Your Mind? (Get Back In) and in July "You Need A Kleek, Klook". Dave Graney and the mistLY played an ATP Festival in prestatyn, Wales, curated by comedian Stewart Lee, a long time supporter of their activities. They joined up with former guitarist Malcolm Ross and played shows in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester (including a BBC6 session with dj Marc Riley) and continued on to dates in France, Holland, Belgium and London. In July 2016 there was a further return show for Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes to a packed house in Melbourne. Graney has played at the Big Day Out Festival on many occasions, as well as the Livid festival and the Falls Festival. He performed on the TV shows "Recovery", "Nomad", "Smash Hits", "Live and Sweaty", "Denton", "Midday with Kerry Anne", "Jimeoin", Shaun Micallef's "Micallef Tonight", "Mornings with Bert Newton", "AM with Denise Drysdale", "Sale of the Century", "The Games", "RocKwiz", "Spicks and Specks", "Australia's Dumbest Musician", "Neighbours" (two-episode story), "Review", Roy and HG's "Club Buggery" (1996–1997). He wrote a lyric book, "It Is Written, Baby" (1997). With Moore, he composed and performed the score of the movie "Bad Eggs" (2003), for Mahony's short film "Ray" (2005). Graney contributed music to and played a small (musical) part in "Stone" (2004), a stage production of the 1960s British play. In September 2013, Graney also sang on Nick Harper's latest CD ( Riven ) on a track called "The Beginning is Nigh" The ARIA Music Awards are presented annually from 1987 by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). Graney and Dave Graney 'n' the Coral Snakes have won two awards from nine nominations. ***LIST***.

Young and Jackson is a hotel in Melbourne, Australia, at the corner of Flinders Street and Swanston Street. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. The site was purchased by John Batman in 1837 at Melbourne's first Crown land sale. On the site was built a home for his children, which became a schoolhouse in 1839. Warehouses were erected on the site after the schoolhouse was razed in 1853. The Princes Bridge Hotel opened there on 1 July 1861. The Hotel was renamed to Young and Jackson after the Irish diggers who took it over in 1875, cousins Henry Figsby Young (b. 1849 Dublin, Ireland - d. 29th September 1925) and Thomas Joshua Jackson(b. 1834 - d. 9th May 1901). The hotel is an amalgamation of five separate buildings of two and three storeys, with the original 1853 bluestone building designed as a three-storey residence, with a butcher's shop on the ground floor. It was later extended in both directions, with all buildings rendered and painted to match each other by the 1920s. Since the 1920s the exterior hotel has been dominated by large advertising signs, even to this day. The hotel is well known for the nude painting "Chloé", painted by French artist Jules Joseph Lefebvre in 1875. The painting is oil on canvas measuring a life size 260 x 139 cm. It was purchased for 850 guineas by Dr Thomas Fitzgerald of Lonsdale Street in Melbourne. After being hung in the National Gallery of Victoria for three weeks in 1883, it was withdrawn from exhibition because of the uproar created especially by the Presbyterian Assembly. It was bought for the Young and Jackson Hotel in 1908 for 800 pounds, and was damaged in 1943 by an American serviceman who threw a glass of beer at it.

Grace Cunard (April 8, 1893 – January 19, 1967) was an American actress, screenwriter and film director. Her sister was actress Mina Cunard. Born Harriet Mildred Jeffries in Columbus, Ohio, by her late teens she was already acting on live theatre and in silent films using the stage name, Grace Cunard. Although not clearly documented, it appears Cunard made her motion picture debut in 1910 in an uncredited role in a D.W. Griffith production for Biograph Studios. In 1911, she had a significant secondary role in the Thomas H. Ince western, "Custer's Last Fight". After making a number of westerns, she continued to work with actor-director Francis Ford at Universal Studios in a variety of dramas, and came to considerable fame starring in serials. She starred in Universal Pictures' first serial, "Lucille Love, Girl of Mystery" (1914), and quickly became Universal's serial queen. The following year Cunard did a 20-episode adventure/mystery called "The Broken Coin", and in 1916, the very successful "The Adventures of Peg o' the Ring". A 1917 Ford/Cunard short, "Unmasked", was selected to the U.S. National Film Registry in 2014. In an era when the fledgling film industry saw actors and other film studio personnel frequently pitch in to do multiple tasks, Cunard was no exception, and wrote close to one hundred screenplays. As well, between 1914 and 1921, she directed 11 films and produced two others. With age, her career shifted to leads in B-movies and secondary roles or bit parts in others. Nonetheless, she worked regularly until the mid-1940s, mostly at her home studio, Universal. Two of her more visible roles are in the 1942 serial "Gang Busters" (a small role, but important enough to serial audiences for her name to appear prominently in the ads and posters) and the 1945 Gloria Jean-Kirby Grant musical "Easy to Look At" (in which she plays a Broadway seamstress). When Universal changed hands in 1946 and discontinued its program of serials and low-budget features, Cunard retired, at the age of 53. Cunard was married twice. The first time was to actor Joe Moore; they ended in divorce in 1925. She later married film stuntman Jack Tyler Shannon, with whom she remained for the rest of her life. Both unions were childless. Grace Cunard Shannon died of cancer, aged 73, in 1967 in Woodland Hills, California. Her husband died in December 1968; the couple is interred jointly in Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery, Chatsworth, California.

Alvin D. Kersh is a fictional character in the Fox science fiction television series "The X-Files", played by James Pickens, Jr.. He serves as a figure of authority within the series, first introduced as an Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and is later promoted to the post of Deputy Director. Kersh acts as an antagonist who bureaucratically prevents Special Agents Fox Mulder, Dana Scully, John Doggett and Monica Reyes from investigating cases dealing with the paranormal, dubbed X-Files. Kersh first appeared as a guest role in several episodes of the series' sixth season, returning as a recurring character in the eighth and ninth seasons. Kersh's creation was driven by a need to place pressure on the character of Walter Skinner. The character has been met with mixed to negative critical responses, although he was initially positively received before coming to be considered a "one-note" role as the series progressed. Pickens, as part of the series' ensemble cast, earned a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for his work. Kersh's first appearance in the series was during the sixth season opening episode "The Beginning". As an Assistant Director, he temporarily became supervisor to Agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) when they were assigned away from the X-Files division. During this time The Smoking Man could be seen in his office, reminiscent of his silent presence in Walter Skinner's office in early seasons. Kersh assigned Mulder and Scully mostly to menial tasks, such as terrorist details and Federal background checks. When they did investigate an X-File behind his back, Kersh would charge them for expenses they incurred on the case, forcing them to pay out of their own pocket. He also attempted to separate Mulder and Scully, believing that Mulder threw away a promising career as a criminal profiler, but that Scully's career could still be saved. When Mulder and Scully were reassigned to the X-Files office, Kersh continued to climb the ladder, culminating in an assignment as Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It was not long after his promotion that Mulder was abducted by aliens. At the beginning of the eighth season, Kersh assigned John Doggett (Robert Patrick) to run the manhunt for Mulder. When the manhunt failed, Doggett was assigned to the X-files with Scully, until Mulder was found in "This Is Not Happening". When Mulder returned, Kersh refused to assign him to the X-Files, keeping Doggett in that position. When Mulder and Doggett pursued an unauthorized case, Kersh was prepared to fire them both, but Mulder accepted full responsibility and was dismissed from the FBI. Shortly thereafter, Mulder disappeared again. After Doggett saw Kersh in a late night meeting with two conspirators, Knowle Rohrer and Gene Crane, Doggett brought in Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) to help him investigate Kersh's involvement in Mulder's disappearance. The investigation turned up nothing. Although Doggett seemed convinced that Kersh was involved in the conspiracy, Kersh insisted that he was actually protecting Mulder. During the ninth season, the Toothpick Man (Alan Dale), a key conspirator, could be seen in the company of Kersh, much like The Smoking Man before. During the series finale "The Truth", he sets up a kangaroo court to try Mulder and sentences him to death, deliberately ignoring evidence which would free him. When he finally helps Doggett and Skinner free Mulder from a military prison it leaves those who help Mulder in danger themselves, something he could have avoided just a day earlier. Following this, Kersh had to permanently close the X-Files to appease his irate superiors, thus ruining Mulder's career. The character was named after Dr. Kersh and Anton Kersh, characters from "Vampire Circus"—a favourite film of series creator Chris Carter. According to writer and producer Frank Spotnitz, the creation of the Kersh character was due to the writers desiring to create another of the several characters in the series who put pressure on Walter Skinner. When reflecting on the casting of James Pickens, Jr., Spotnitz called him "another great find", adding that "so many times over the course of the series we just got so lucky with the actors that we cast in these guest parts and just kept bringing them back because they were so wonderful. That's what happened with William B. Davis as the Cigarette-Smoking Man and with Nick Lea as Krycek, and with Mitch Pileggi as Walter Skinner, and that's what happened here with James Pickens. Just a fantastic actor, not at all like this person, really transformed himself to play this part". Spotnitz thought that, for a viewer who had weekly been watching "The X-Files" sixth season, there was a great sense of gratification when—in the final moments of "One Son"—Spender essentially withdraws and tells Kersh that Mulder has been right, all along, precisely because the last thing that Kersh wanted was for Spender to behave in this way. Pickens prepared for this role by observing several of Kersh's real-life counterparts at the FBI's Los Angeles office, where, according to the actor, the most useful thing he learned was that most of the people at Kersh's level had been with the Bureau for twenty or twenty-five years and had not reached their positions in the FBI hierarchy by taking their work less than seriously or bucking the system without good reason. Robert Patrick, who portrayed John Doggett, recognized that his own character and Kersh were "both military men – Air Force, Marines". Kersh was depicted as a United States Navy A-6 Intruder weapons officer during the Vietnam War. Both Patrick and director Kim Manners thought that, as Kersh, Pickens would "come in each week and just nail his stuff" regardless of what else was going on. Similarly, Frank Spotnitz thought that "Robert Patrick and James Pickens really had a chemistry, loved playing scenes together. And I think their scenes together were some of the finest ones in the last two years of the show." Michael Avalos, writing for the "Knight Ridder Tribune", felt positively about the introduction of Kersh, saying he harbored "almost fond memories" of the former recurring character, Section Chief Scott Blevins, played by Charles Cioffi. George Avalos and Michael Liedtke from the "Contra Costa Times" reacted positive towards James Pickens, Jr.'s performance in the eighth season's "Via Negativa", saying the story "clicked" thanks to Kersh and Walter Skinner. "Salon" writer Aaron Kinner when writing a review for the ninth season, noted that he was the first black character since X's death in season four, while not positive towards the character's development during the ninth season and the season overall. Writing for "Cinefantastique" about the character's introduction, Paul Vitaris called Pickens "a fine addition to the cast" of the series, describing his portrayal of Kersh as "a strong presence". However, during a review of the eighth season two years later, Vitaris described Kersh as "one of the most one-note characters yet" on the series. Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, in their book "Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen", describe Kersh's return in the eighth season as "contrived but forgivable". Shearman and Pearson noted that the character is "an effective obstruction to any number of X-Files cases, but he can hardly be considered a lead villain". In 1999, Pickens was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series for his work as Kersh, alongside Gillian Anderson, William B. Davis, David Duchovny, Mitch Pileggi and Chris Owens.

P Cygni (34 Cyg) is a variable star in the constellation Cygnus. The designation "P" was originally assigned by Johann Bayer in "Uranometria" as a nova. Located about 5000 to 6000 light-years (1500–1800 parsecs) from Earth, it is a hypergiant luminous blue variable (LBV) star of spectral type B1Ia that is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way. The star is located about 5000 to 6000 light-years (1500–1800 parsecs) from Earth. Despite this vast distance, it is visible to the naked eye in suitable dark sky locations. It was unknown until the end of the 16th century, when it suddenly brightened to 3rd magnitude. It was first observed on 18 August (Gregorian) 1600 by Willem Janszoon Blaeu, a Dutch astronomer, mathematician and globe-maker. Bayer's atlas of 1603 assigned it the miscellaneous label P and the name has stuck ever since. After six years the star faded slowly, dropping below naked-eye visibility in 1626. It brightened again in 1655, but had faded by 1662. Another outburst took place in 1665; this was followed by numerous fluctuations. Since 1715 P Cygni has been a fifth magnitude star, with only minor fluctuations in brightness. Today it has a magnitude of 4.8, irregularly variable by a few hundredths of a magnitude on a scale of days. The visual brightness is increasing by about 0.15 magnitude per century, attributed to a slow decrease in temperature at constant luminosity. P Cygni has been called a "permanent nova" because of spectral similarities and the obvious outflow of material, and was once treated with novae as an eruptive variable; however its behaviour is no longer thought to involve the same processes associated with true novae. P Cygni is widely considered to be the earliest known example of a luminous blue variable. However it is far from a typical example. It has been largely unvarying both in brightness and spectrum since a series of large outbursts in the 17th century, whereas typical LBV behaviour is to show slow variation on a period of years to decades with occasional outbursts where the star shows a significant decrease in temperature and increase in visual brightness at roughly constant luminosity. P Cygni on the other hand, shows only relatively minor brightness and spectral variations, but underwent at least two of the "giant eruptions" shown only by Eta Carinae and possibly a handful of extra-galactic objects. P Cygni does show evidence for previous large eruptions around 900, 2,100, and possibly 20,000 years ago. In more recent centuries, it has been very slowly increasing in visual magnitude and decreasing in temperature, which has been interpreted as the expected evolutionary trend of a massive star towards a red supergiant stage. Luminous blue variables like P Cygni are very rare and short lived, and only form in regions of galaxies where intense star formation is happening. LBV stars are so massive and energetic (typically 50 times the mass of the Sun and tens of thousands of times more luminous) that they exhaust their nuclear fuel very quickly. After shining for only a few million years (compared to several billion years for the Sun) they erupt in a supernova. The recent supernova SN 2006gy was likely the end of an LBV star similar to P Cygni but located in a distant galaxy. P Cygni is thought to be in the hydrogen shell burning phase immediately after leaving the main sequence. It has been identified as a possible type IIb supernova candidate in modelling of the fate of stars 20 to 25 times the mass of the Sun (with LBV status as the predicted final stage beforehand). P Cygni gives its name to a type of spectroscopic feature called a P Cygni profile, where the presence of both absorption and emission in the profile of the same spectral line indicates the existence of a gaseous envelope expanding away from the star. The emission line arises from a dense stellar wind near to the star, while the blueshifted absorption lobe is created where the radiation passes through circumstellar material rapidly expanding in the direction of the observer. These profiles are useful in the study of stellar winds in many types of stars. They are often cited as an indicator of a luminous blue variable star, although they also occur in other types of star. The size of the stellar wind H-alpha emission region is 5.64 +/- 0.21 milli-arcseconds. At the estimated distance of 1,700 parsecs this is a physical size of approximately 26 stellar radii. It has been proposed P Cygni's eruptions could be caused by mass transfer to a hypothetical companion star of spectral type B that would have a mass between 3 and 6 times the mass of the Sun and would orbit P Cygni each 7 years in a high eccentricity orbit. Infall of matter into the secondary star would produce the release of gravitational energy, part of which would cause an increase of the luminosity of the system.

As the chapter opens, Jesus goes again to Jerusalem for "a feast". Because the gospel records Jesus' visit to Jerusalem for the Passover in , and another Passover was mentioned in , some commentators have speculated whether also referred to a Passover (implying that the events of John 2-6 took place over at least three years), or whether a different feast is indicated. Bengel's Gnomen lists a number of authorities for the proposition that the feast referred to was Pentecost. The Pulpit Commentary notes that "the indefinite has been identified by commentators with every feast in the calendar, so there can be no final settlement of the problem". According to , "Three times a year all your males shall appear before the Lord your God in the place which He chooses (i.e. Jerusalem): at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, at the Feast of Weeks, and at the Feast of Tabernacles". At the Pool of Bethesda Jesus heals a man who is both paralyzed and isolated. Jesus tells him to "Pick up your mat and walk!" This takes place on the Sabbath, and Jewish religious leaders see the man carrying his mat and tell him this is against the law. He tells them the man who healed him told him to do so, and they ask who that was. He tries to point out Jesus, but he has slipped away into the crowd. Jesus comes to him later and tells him "Stop sinning or something worse may happen to you." The man then tells the Jewish religious leaders it was Jesus who healed him (). The ruins of the Pool of Bethesda are still standing in Jerusalem. Verses 3b-4 are not found in the most reliable manuscripts of John, although they appear in the King James Version of the Bible (which is based on the Textus Receptus). Most modern textual critics believe that John 5:3b-4 is an interpolation, and not an original part of the text of John. The New English Translation and the English Revised Version omit this text completely, but others such as the New International Version refer to it in a note. The Jews begin to persecute Jesus (and in some texts, the gospel says that they seek to kill him). Anglican clergyman Charles Ellicott argued that "the words 'and sought to slay Him' should be omitted. They have been inserted in some manuscripts to explain the first clause of (the Jews sought "the more" to kill him)". Two reasons emerge: ***LIST***. From Jesus' words, "My Father", Methodist founder John Wesley observed that "It is evident [that] all the hearers so understood him [to mean] making himself equal with God". Jesus continues to speak of himself ("the Son") in relation to God ("the Father"): the Son can do nothing independently of (or in rivalry with) the Father; the Son imitates the Father; the Father loves the Son and shows Him his ways; and the Son gives life in the way that the Father raises the dead. But the Father has delegated the exercise of judgment to the Son: all should honour the Son as they would honour the Father, and anyone who does not honour the Son does not honour the Father who sent Him. () Two sayings then follow each commencing with a double "amen" (, translated "Verily, verily" in the King James Version, "Truly, truly" in the English Standard Version, or "Very truly I tell you" in the New International Version): ***LIST***. Reformed Evangelical theologian D. A. Carson sees as giving the "strongest affirmation of inaugurated eschatology in the Fourth Gospel" ... it is not necessary for the believer to "wait until the last day to experience something of resurrection life." Lutheran theologian Heinrich Meyer refers to "the hour when the dead hear the voice of the Son of God" as the "resurrection summons". Meyer argues that this "hour" extends from its beginning at "Christ’s entrance upon His life-giving ministry" until "the second advent - already had it begun to be present, but, viewed in its completeness, it still belonged to the future". The final verses of this chapter, verses 31 to 47 refer to what the New King James Version calls the "fourfold witness". Jesus states that he does not bear witness () to himself, for such witness would not be true or valid. Instead he calls on the testimony of four other witnesses: ***LIST***. Jesus says that the Jews who seek to kill him study the scriptures hoping for eternal life, but that the scriptures speak of him, and people still refuse to come to him for life. People accept people who preach in their own name but not in one who comes in the name of the Father. "How can you believe if you accept praise from one another, yet make no effort to obtain the praise that comes from the only God?" He then speaks of Moses as their accuser: But, says Jesus, since you do not believe what Moses wrote, how are you going to believe what I say?" () Theologian Albert Barnes notes that "the ancient fathers of the Church and the generality of modern commentators have regarded our Lord as the prophet promised in these verses [of Deuteronomy]". Commentators have also explored whether the contrast to be emphasized is a contrast between the person of Moses and the person of Jesus, or between Moses understood as the author or scriptural writings and Jesus, who did not write but whose testimony was his 'sayings'. Bengel's Gnomen argues that in John 5:47, Moses' writings () are placed in antithesis to Jesus' words (): "Often more readily is belief attached to a letter previously received, than to a discourse heard for the first time". However, the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges is critical of this approach: These teachings of Jesus are almost only found in John. In the Synoptic Gospels, Jesus only speaks of himself as the Messiah in such a straightforward way at the very end, shortly before his death. All this occurs in Jerusalem, where the Synoptic Gospels have very little of Jesus's teachings occurring in Jerusalem and then only before his death.

The game allows the player to assume the role of a combat pilot named William Crowe as he experiences the various phases of the Pacific War with Japan, beginning with the Pearl Harbor attack. There are six game modes: Campaign, Instant Action, Single Mission, Historical, Training, and Multiplayer. One or two players can play simultaneously on the console or up to eight players can play on the network via Xbox Live or using a PlayStation 2 with network adapter. There are two different control schemes for flying the planes, Arcade and Professional. The Arcade control scheme allows for easier control of the plane via a single joystick with automatic rudders, while the Professional controls offer separate control of the pitch, roll and yaw of the plane. "Heroes of the Pacific" also offers multiple difficulty levels: Rookie, Pilot, Veteran, and Ace. Completing missions on higher difficulty unlocks more planes and rewards the player with more upgrade points, which can be used to upgrade your unlocked aircraft after missions are accomplished. This simulation also allows players to pilot famous planes such as the P-40 Warhawk, P-51 Mustang, F4U Corsair, P-47 Thunderbolt and a number of Japanese and German planes from World War II, including several experimental planes, such as the Blohm & Voss BV P.215 and the J7W Shinden. Ten campaigns, with 26 missions taken from real events of the Pacific campaign. While some of the missions in Heroes of the Pacific require specific planes (such as the PBY Catalina), the player can usually choose which plane to fly from the allowable classes for each mission (Fighter, Dive Bombers, Torpedo Bombers, Bombers). The game begins with the player at Pearl Harbor (or in flight school should the player choose to learn the controls first), as the Japanese begin their attack. Crowe manages to get to a plane and hold off the enemy forces until the rest of his squadron get into the air. After defending an oil field from fighters, the Arizona explodes and Crowe's brother Charlie is killed. Crowe expresses rage, and he nearly pursues the fleeing enemy planes before Hickam Control tells him to re-fuel and re-arm. Crowe shortly visits home after Pearl Harbor and writes his mother a letter about Charlie, although it states that the Navy will get the telegram to her before the letter arrives. He is restationed at Wake Island where he comes under the command of Admiral Daniel Howells. He later participates in escorting Howells off the island as it is about to fall to the Japanese. When they make it to the Lexington, Crowe gets a new squadron consisting of Cunningham, Murphy, Slater, and commanded by Callahan. He participates in the attack on the Marshall Islands, where he steals a Zero fighter, and is ambushed by the first member of the 13th squadron, the same squadron that sank the USS "Arizona" and killed Crowe's brother. He shoots down the 13th squadron member, Kazuya Yamashita, and makes it back to the carrier in once piece. After escorting a team of commandos to rescue prisoners from the islands, he is introduced to Tom Stuart, a pilot who was shot down, captured, and freed by the commandos. Stuart goes on to become a member of the squadron, and its best pilot excluding Crowe. After fighting in the Battle of the Coral Sea, and watching the USS "Lexington" sink, Crowe and Callahan witness someone try to sabotage Crowe's plane. At the Battle of Midway, he goes on a reconnaissance mission in a PBY "Catalina" seaplane, and finds the fleets. During the attack on the base itself (where Stuart nearly shoots down Murphy, Murphy never forgives Stuart), the squadron shoots down many fighters, except a new member, "Ox". They then assault the main Japanese fleet, where Crowe and Murphy sink the "Akagi", Callahan sinks the "Soryu", while Cunningham sinks the "Kaga". they receive new orders to take down the heavy cruiser "Mikuma", a warship seen fleeing the area. As they get there, fighters manages to keep Crowe, Callaghan, and the rest of the fighters tied up. This causes Callahan to send Ox and his squadron of SBD "Dauntless" dive bombers to attack the small fleet on their own. By the time Crowe and the rest get there, Ox and his entire wing of bombers are shot down, not even getting close enough to drop bombs, although Ox manages to pull off a suicide dive into the "Mikuma" after he is hit. However it still remains afloat. Crowe and the rest concentrate on one area at a time, and eventually avenge Ox by sinking the ship. As they head back Stuart sees something in the clouds, and Callaghan sends Crowe to check it out. It is a group of Japanese fighters, the leader being another member of the 13th squadron, Kaito Fujiwara, who is also shot down by Crowe. On Guadalcanal, Crowe and the others take the airfield and take down the Tokyo express, a Japanese supply route, defend the USS "Enterprise" from attack and return to Guadalcanal to defend the island from a retaliatory Japanese attack. During this time Crowe learns that his father has died, but didn't know until it was too late due to the fact that the mail had been held up. On a recon mission in the Gilbert islands, he runs into yet another of the 13th squadron, Taiki Hasegawa, who is still shot down. On the way to the main attack, Tom Stuart's plane blew a gasket and turned back to the carrier while the others went ahead. Shortly after Tom leaves, the entire squadron is ambushed by enemy planes hiding in the clouds. After the ambush, Murphy thinks "It's awfully convenient that Tom wasn't here". Crowe realizes that Murphy, and probably many others, think that Stuart is the traitor. Before they can speak any further, Callahan tells them to deal with it on the carrier. Back at the carrier, nearly all the pilots riot, and try to kill Tom. He is only saved by Crowe and Callahan defending him. Admiral Howells grounds Tom for his own safety stating "It's just as likely that he's going to get a tailful of U.S. bullets as much as Japanese". In the Marianas, Crowe saves an undercover agent, Usurper, for the allies from the Japanese. They later go to attack the Japanese fleet, but bombers come at their carrier before they can get there. After dispatching them, they hit the main fleet, and after Crowe's plane suffers engine problems as Callahan, Cunningham, and the rest have to leave him behind. The 13th squadron second-in-command, Ibuki Isihiro, tracks down Crowe and nearly kills him, but he dodges, and is only saved by the timely arrival of none other than the suspected traitor himself, Tom Stuart. Tom draws off the Japanese planes and buys enough time for Crowe to get to the carrier. In the morning, a team goes out to find Stuart, but discovers that he was shot down and killed, but not after killing the second-in-command. Tom Stuart was buried at sea with full military honors. What remains of the squadron goes to the Philippines to try to help the Allies, and Crowe is sent to steal a prototype German Me262 jet fighter using information obtained from Usurper. After he takes off, he dogfights a German ace, Karl Heinz Kruger, flying another Me262 jet. The German constantly taunts Crowe. However, Crowe kills him, makes it back to the fleet, and helps to sink the Japanese super-battleship, "Musashi". They participate in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where they provide aerial support for "Taffy 3" in its encounter with an entire Japanese task force. They go on to sink the last two carriers that attacked Pearl Harbor, and after Crowe is called into Howells's office. One, the man who sabotages Crowe's plane at the Coral Sea was not Tom Stuart, but a pilot named Mike Canning, who wanted to take Crowe 'a few slots down on the kills board'. It states he'll be peeling potatoes for the rest of the war, as the admiral gives Crowe a note he somehow acquired from Shun Ogawa, the leader of the 13th squadron, and the one who killed Charlie. The note said only two words: Iwo Jima. On Iwo Jima, Crowe helps fight off attacks from baka bombs, and destroys much of the first airfield. Then he covers the landings while in a B-25 "Mitchell" bomber, and covers the battleship USS "Missouri" as she is attacked by kamikaze submarines. In the final mission, it appears that something happened to Cunningham, as only Murphy and Callahan are flying with Crowe. He destroys the AA guns around the enemy airfield so it can be bombed by friendly bombers, and saves the American-held airfield from annihilation by tanks. He escorts Sergeant Thompson and his squad of Marines up the side of Mt. Suribachi to plant the flag. After destroying the fortress within, the men nearly plant the flag, when an unknown plane flies by, and comes after Murphy. He states 'Looks like lighting, kicks like a mule too' meaning he may have been hit. The pilot identifies himself as Shun Ogawa, the 13th squadron's leader, and they proceed to one on one combat. Crowe eventually kills him, and makes it back to the fleet after Mt. Suribachi is taken. He and Callaghan both receive the Navy Cross for their actions during the war, and the entire squadron is sent home. Crowe states that Charlie and his father are buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He gets together with Callahan and the rest of the boys every year, indicating that Cunningham made it, and so did a few others, and talk about the war, and the true Heroes of the Pacific, the ones who didn't come back. "Heroes of the Pacific" was developed by Melbourne development company Thatgame, who merged with IR Gurus shortly after the release of the game. In 2008, IR Gurus was renamed Transmission Games. Many of the members of the development team previously worked together at Melbourne House, on titles such as ', "Grand Prix Challenge", and '.

Lascelles was born in 1797. He was the second son of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood, and Henrietta Sebright, daughter of Sir John Sebright, 7th Baronet. Lascelles was commissioned as an ensign in the 1st Foot Guards in 1814 and fought in the Battle of Waterloo when he was slightly wounded by an exploding shell when carrying the standard of his (Second) battalion of the regiment. He went onto half-pay in 1820, the year he began to serve part-time as a lieutenant in the Yorkshire Hussars Yeomanry in 1820, but he did not fully retire from the regular army until 1831. He sat as Member of Parliament for Northallerton from 1826 to 1831 and also served as Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire between 1846 and 1857. On 20 May 1848, he became a member of the Canterbury Association. Harewood Forest (beyond Oxford; now logged out) and the Christchurch suburb of Harewood (where Christchurch International Airport is located) are named for him. Lord Harewood married Lady Louisa Thynne (c. 1808–1859), daughter of Thomas Thynne, 2nd Marquess of Bath, on 5 July 1823. They had thirteen children: ***LIST***. Harewood and his wife resided for a time at the ancestral seat of the family, Goldsborough Hall in the eponymous North Yorkshire village.

A drug recall removes a prescription or over-the-counter drug from the market. Drug recalls in the United States are made by the FDA or the creators of the drug when certain criteria are met. When a drug recall is made, the drug is removed from the market and potential legal action can be taken depending on the severity of the drug recall. Drug recalls are classified in the US by the FDA in three different categories. Class I recalls are the most severe and indicate that exposure and/or consumption of the drug will lead to adverse health effects or death. Class II recalls refer to drugs that induce temporary and/or medically reversible health effects. Class III recalls occur when adverse health effects are not likely to occur when consuming the drug or being exposed to it. There are also market withdrawals and medical device safety alerts'. Market withdrawals occur when a product has a minor violation that does not require FDA legal action. Medical device safety alerts occur when there are unreasonable safety risks associated with using a product. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup introduced as a soothing agent for both humans and animals, but was primarily advertised to help soothe teething babies. Though not directly affiliated with the FDA, Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup was denounced by the American Medical Association in 1911 via their article titled "Baby Killers." The syrup was sold until as late as 1930 in the United Kingdom. In 1971, Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was recalled from the market. It was intended to be used to prevent prenatal problems during pregnancy. Women who took DES were shown to have a greater chance of having breast cancer. It is estimated that 5 to 10 million persons were exposed to DES until its recall in 1971. Both mothers and second generation daughters are confirmed to have adverse side effects from DES. Daughters of DES Mothers are more than twice as likely to form breast cancer and are 2.4 times as likely to be infertile. Sons of DES mothers have displayed side effects like genital abnormalities, non-cancerous Epididymal Cysts, and infertility. The Third Generation of people exposed to DES are just now entering into an age where reproductive problems and abnormalities can be studied. No viable results currently exist. The FDA will issue different levels of recall depending on the severity of the effects. From most to least severe, there is Class I, Class II, and Class III (defined above).There is also market withdrawal which occurs when a drug does not violate FDA regulation but has a known, minor default. The producer must either fix the default or take the drug off the market. Drugs and medical devices are typically recalled if the product is defective, contaminated, contains a foreign object, fails to meet specifications, mislabeled, or misbranded. Misbranding was the most common reason for pharmaceutical recalls in 2015, accounting for 42%. The recall process in the United States follows three approximate phases. Distinct difficulties arise depending on the type of drug being recalled. Drug recalls can be initiated by the producing firm or the FDA, and those launched by the FDA can be either mandatory or voluntary. This is applicable not just to drugs but all products covered under the FDA. A firm submitting a recall to the FDA must provide all relevant information about the specific drug, including but not limited to: product name, use, description, and at least two samples of product (including packaging, instructions, inserts, etc.). The firm must explain the problem they found with the product, how they found this problem, and the reason the problem occurred. For example, if the firm finds a leaking pipe near a product assembly line and tests for batches of the drug produced on that line are positive for contamination, they would submit that as the reason to how they believe their products came to be affected. After submitting a field report, the potential risks will be assessed. In processing the recall, a Health Hazard Assessment will be conducted by the FDA to determine the recall class (defined above). Level, notification, instructions, mechanics, impacts on economy, and individual consumer must all be considered in determining recall strategy. Level of recall refers to which part of the distribution chain to which the recall is extended (wholesale, retail, pharmacy, medical user, etc.). Notification is the way consumers are alerted to the recall. In cases of a severe health hazard, a press release must be promptly issued. The FDA recommends a written notification, so consumers will have lasting documentation. There are guidelines for notification depending on type; these types include: mail, phone, facsimile, e-mail, media. Instructions and mechanics are information provided to the consumer regarding appropriate action for the recall. The instructions include if the product is to be returned, and if so, where and how they should return the product. It is important to consider the recalled drug’s place in the market, should the recall lead to market shortages. The FDA will conduct an Effectiveness Check to determine the success of the recall. The drug will either undergo controlled destruction or reconditioning (i.e. relabeling with the correct label). Status reports are conducted throughout the recall to determine effectiveness. The root cause of the recall must be addressed and corrected to prevent future occurrences. After all corrective action is acknowledged and carried out, the FDA can terminate the recall. OTC, prescription, and compounded drugs (drugs tailored to a specific patient) each pose unique challenges to the recall process. Over the counter drugs are widely distributed and there is no direct link between company and consumer. Recalls are typically only advertised online and in the media, so consumers are subject to their own awareness. Lot numbers indicated on the packing allow only those affected to participate in recall. Prescription drug recalls are made simpler because they follow supply chain: the manufacturer notifies the pharmacy who notifies the patient. However, since there is not a lot/batch number on packaging, recalls must rely on date ranges (date the prescription was filled) whose inaccuracy may lead to higher costs. Compounded drugs are simple to recall because there is a direct link to patient. Despite the seeming simplicity, the offending component is typically identified across multiple drug classifications, expanding the recall. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 recognized the threat of injury and death that vaccines can pose. It allowed for financial compensation of the family should such threats come to light, and it increased vaccination safety precautions. If the federal compensation is not sufficient or not granted, this act allowed patients to take legal action for vaccine injuries. This is relevant to drug recalls because a vaccine producer is responsible for reparative damages if their vaccine causes injury and was not recalled. The Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 was passed in order to streamline the FDA to meet standards of efficiency expected by the 21st century. In regards to drugs, the act lowered the regulatory obligations of pharmaceutical companies, allowing them to rely on one clinical trial for approval. It is still the assumption, however, that two trials are necessary to determine safety and effectiveness. In addition to lower regulatory hurdles, the act allowed for the advertisement of “off label” uses. The effects of this could be unnecessary overuse of the product by consumers and larger profits for the firm. Apropos to medical devices, private for-profit firms were allowed to review the products instead of the FDA. The 21st Century Cures Act would allow for faster approval of certain drugs, which could result in additional recalls. It passed both houses of Congress and was signed into law by US President Barack Obama on December 13, 2016. In 2015, 45 new drugs were passed by the FDA, which is more than double than the approval rate 10 years ago. The 21st Century Cures Act could make this number a trend rather than aberration by expediting approval through lower standards, much like the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. The rationale behind the act is that urgency trumps risk for “breakthrough” medical devices. The act would allow producers to submit data other than official clinical trials for consideration, such as case histories. It would also allow reviews to be done by third parties instead of the FDA. Debates stem from the fact that approval could be based on anecdotal rather than scientific evidence. This act is debated due to the FDA’s seemingly close relations with medical device producers. The two industries collaborated to write proposals for lobbying for the legislation of this act. The FDA is supposed to be neutral in its actions, but representatives from Johnson & Johnson, St Jude Medical, and CVRx Inc. (large medical device suppliers) were all in attendance for the collaborative meetings.

The Bride of Brackenloch is an off-Broadway play written in 1987 by Rick Abbot. The play is a farce. The action takes place in Scotland. The story is about Jabez Thorngall who lost his bride, Victoria Cavendish, to an ancient family curse. After the ordeal, Jabez takes a new bride, an American heiress and Scottish bartender named Daphne Dixon. Soon after, a piece of leather called the Strong Wong Hong Kong tong gong thong, stolen by Jabez's grandfather goes missing and Jabez's sister's husband is found locked in the Brackenloch vault. Things begin to become weird. The major suspect is a handyman who works for Jabez. Jabez Thorngall - The leading male character in the play. He is Scottish Daphne Dixon - The female lead who disguised herself as Jabez's first bride, Victoria Cavendish. Daphne is the daughter of an American millionaire and was hired in Scotland to work as a barmaid in the Thorngalls' pub. Alicia, Lady Goddard - The sister of Jabez's late mother, making her his aunt Comfort Grody - Jabez's close childhood friend who thought that she was going to marry Jabez, based on what Jabez said to her before he left to calm down following Victoria's disappearance. Comfort is British. Glynis Thorngall Prescott - Jabez's sister who married detective Eldwyn Prescott. Mavis Beaufort - The Thorngalls' neighbor who supposedly saw Victoria Cavendish fall off the moors on the day of her disappearance. She has an estate called Cobwithers which she hopes to connect with the Brackenloch property. Janet Magleesh - The Thorngalls' tough-talking housekeeper who gets upset with the girls after they asked not to have the candles lit (Act 1). Fenella Magleesh - Initially a scullery maid and assistant to Janet Magleesh, she is revealed in Act 3 to be Janet's daughter. She was crying in Act 1 for reasons unexplained. In Act 3, both Janet and Fenella reveal that she was upset over Jabez's decision to marry both the non-existent Victoria Cavendish and then Daphne Dixon because she hoped she would one day catch Jabez's attention. Eldwyn Prescott - Detective and Glynis's husband who disguised himself as another detective named Wilbur Yardley to investigate the disappearance of the non-existent Victoria Cavendish, with the help of Comfort Grody. Mrs. Mousely - The Thorngalls' "cranky cook" as she describes herself. Andrew McHandford - The Thorngalls' gardener and handyman who was revealed to be involved in the death of Jabez's grandfather. He tries to defend himself by pointing a gun at everyone, only to be abducted and eaten by the thought-to-be-existing Beast of Brackenloch, whom the family calls "Bracky".

Jay Lane (born December 5, 1964) is an American drummer from the San Francisco Bay Area. He is a founding member of Furthur, as well as the Golden Gate Wingmen with John Kadlecik, Jeff Chimenti, and Reed Mathis. He also plays with Primus, Bob Weir's RatDog, Scaring the Children with Weir and Rob Wasserman, Jay's Happy Sunshine Burger Joint, and the hip hop/jazz fusion band Alphabet Soup. In 2002, Lane was named "drummer of the year" by the California Music Awards. Lane began learning to play the drums at age nine, and continued to take lessons for 2 years. At sixteen, he took a summer job at a music camp in Cazadero, where he met saxophonist/drummer Dave Ellis and future Spearhead guitarist Dave Shul. In 1982, Lane played with Dave Shul in the band Ice Age. In 1983, he joined Bay Area ska punk band The Uptones when their saxophonist left, prompting drummer Dave Ellis to switch instruments. They released an album, "K.U.S.A. ", before Lane left in 1985 to join the Freaky Executives. After four years of gigging the Executives landed a record deal with Warner Bros. Records. It was during this time that Lane met Primus bassist Les Claypool in the bands' shared rehearsal space, and the two became friends as Claypool volunteered to act as a roadie for the Freaky Executives. In 1988, Lane had become so frustrated with Warner's handling of the Executives' contract that when Claypool asked him to recommend a replacement for Primus' recently departed drummer Tim "Curveball" Wright, Lane accepted the position himself. Claypool, Lane, and guitarist Todd Huth played together as Primus for about eight months, and recorded a demo tape named "Sausage". At the end of 1988, the Freaky Executives' deal looked to be taking a turn for the better, and as Claypool was ready for Primus to start touring, Lane decided he no longer had time for both projects and chose to leave Primus, and also left the Freaky Executives after their record deal was shelved. In the early '90s, Lane began playing in a trio with double bass player Rob Wasserman and Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir, who had previously been playing as a duo for "six or eight years" before inviting Lane to join them. In 1992, Lane was reunited with Dave Ellis when he joined jazz combo the Charlie Hunter Trio, and co-founded the hip hop/jazz fusion group Alphabet Soup. The Charlie Hunter Trio released their debut album, "Charlie Hunter Trio", in 1993. Lane later reunited with Claypool and Huth as the band Sausage, named in recognition of the Primus demo they recorded together six years prior. They recorded a single album, 1994's "Riddles Are Abound Tonight", followed by a short tour in support of Helmet and Rollins Band. In 1995, Lane released his last album with the Charlie Hunter Trio, "Bing, Bing, Bing! ", as well as Alphabet Soup's debut, "Layin' Low in the Cut", and following the death of Jerry Garcia, the trio of Lane, Weir and Wasserman became the basis for the band RatDog. In 1996, Alphabet Soup released their second album, "Strivin"', and Lane guested on Claypool's debut solo album "Highball with the Devil". In 1997, Lane guested on Christión's debut album, "Ghetto Cyrano", playing keyboards. Throughout the 2000s, Lane continued to tour with RatDog, playing hometown shows with Alphabet Soup whenever they had a break in the schedule. In 2000, RatDog released their own debut album, "Evening Moods", followed by "Live at Roseland" in 2001. Also in 2001, Lane appeared once more alongside Claypool and Huth, plus others, on the Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade albums "Live Frogs Set 1" and "Live Frogs Set 2", the latter of which is a complete performance of Pink Floyd's "Animals". In 2002, Lane guested on the Frog Brigade's studio album, "Purple Onion", and was named "drummer of the year" by the California Music Awards. In 2005, Claypool released his retrospective DVD "5 Gallons of Diesel", featuring many projects that included Lane, and Lane toured with him as part of his Fancy Band. In 2006, many members of Alphabet Soup branched out to form the hip hop/reggae fusion group Band of Brotherz, and Lane joined shortly after. They released their debut album "Deadbeats and Murderous Melodys" in 2009, featuring covers of Grateful Dead songs, supported by a tour of the East Coast of the United States and a number of dates nationwide with special guests, including the trio of Lane, Weir and Wasserman reunited under the name Scaring the Children. At the end of 2009, Weir put RatDog on hiatus in order to dedicate his time to forming the supergroup Furthur with Phil Lesh, and Lane joined them as a charter member. In 2010, Lane left both Furthur and Band of Brotherz to rejoin Primus with Claypool and long-standing guitarist Larry LaLonde, and they released the free "June 2010 Rehearsal" digital EP, followed in 2011 by a new album, titled "Green Naugahyde". As of 2012, Lane's official site still credited him as an active member of RatDog despite the hiatus, as well as Alphabet Soup, and Scaring the Children. In September 2013, it was revealed that Lane had left Primus to rejoin RatDog, who were ending their hiatus.

The Henney Kilowatt was an electric car introduced in the United States for the 1959 model year. The car used some body parts as made for the Renault Dauphine. An improved model was introduced in 1960 with a top speed of 60 miles an hour and a range of 60 miles. Only 47 cars were sold over the two model years, mostly to electrical utility companies. Only a few still exist. The Henney Kilowatt was a project of National Union Electric Company, a conglomerate including Emerson Radio, and Henney Motor Company, which had purchased Eureka Williams in 1953. The project was initiated by C. Russell Feldmann, president of National Union Electric Company and the Eureka Williams Company. To build the electric cars, he employed the services of the Henney Motor Company coachwork division of Canastota, New York. Henney had been building custom coaches since 1868 and was a well-recognized name in the automotive industry because of its affiliation with the Packard Automobile Company and the Ford Motor Company. Henney produced thousands of custom built limousines, ambulances, and hearses (most of them built on Packard or Lincoln chassis), before being contracted to begin the Kilowatt project. National Union Electric Company was also the producer of Exide Batteries—and naturally had a vested interest in shifting American automotive focus from fossil fuels to lead-cell batteries. Morrison McMullan, Jr., controller of Exide Batteries, was also a participant in the development of the Kilowatt. (In 1974, National Union Electric was purchased by AB Electrolux of Sweden .) The propulsion system was developed in consultation with Victor Wouk, then an electrical engineer at Caltech. Wouk is best known as one of the pioneers of hybrid electric cars. Wouk recruited Lee DuBridge, then President of Caltech, and Linus Pauling to assist in the assessment and development of the electronics. Although Pauling never did any active work on the project, DuBridge convened a group of Caltech experts to provide input. Wouk designed the necessary speed controller for the Kilowatt, although the controller was manufactured for the Kilowatts by Curtis Instruments. The electric propulsion system for the cars was designed and built by the Eureka Williams Company of Bloomington, Illinois, manufacturer of Eureka Vacuum Cleaners. Henney Coachworks was contracted to build the chassis of the car from tooling and parts purchased from Renault. Many body panels and interior components of the car are virtually identical to those of the Renault Dauphine. The 1959 models all ran on a 36-volt system of 18 two-volt batteries in series. The 36-volt cars had a top speed of and could run approximately on a full charge. After the 36-volt system was realized to be impractical, the Kilowatt drivetrain was redesigned by Eureka Williams as a 72-volt system for the 1960 model year. It employed 12 six-volt batteries in series. The 72-volt models were much more practical than the 1959 36-volt models. The 1960 Kilowatt boasted a top speed of nearly with a range of over on a single charge. Although the Kilowatt is described by some sources as "the first transistor-based electric car", the speed controller uses a combination of relays and diodes to switch the batteries and motor windings in different configurations for different speeds, not transistors. According to the official Eureka Company corporate history profile there were a total of 100 Henney Kilowatts manufactured during the entire two year production run, but of those 100 cars only 47 were ever sold. A French Renault Dauphine enthusiast website also states that a total of 100 rolling chassis were prepared by Henney Coachworks for the project, but of those only 47 functional cars were completed. A March 20, 1967, article in "U.S. News & World Report" states that 35 of the Henney Kilowatts were purchased by electric utilities in the United States. Company records show that there were 24 cars sold to electric utilities as 36 volt 1959 models and eight Kilowatts sold to utility companies as 72 volt 1960 models. From these and other sources, it is reasonable to conclude that fewer than 15 Henney electric cars were sold to the general public. Some of these cars may have been sold as 1961 models. The company continued promoting the Kilowatt in 1961 with hopes of securing enough prepaid orders to finish the remaining chassis components that had already been built. Few, if any, were sold in this manner. Although the 72 volt propulsion system introduced for the 1960 model year was substantially superior to the earlier 36 volt systems, Eureka Williams was unable to produce the 72-volt system cheaply enough or quickly enough to attain the targeted $3600 sales price. Of the documented 32 Henney Kilowatts produced, it is estimated that there are between four and eight still in existence. The very first two Henney Kilowatts – the serial number 0001 car and the original prototype (serial number "EXPERIMENTAL") were stored by company executives for decades until being sold to a private U.S. automobile collector in the early 2000s. These two cars both have fewer than 500 miles (about 800 kilometres) and are impeccable examples of this historical vehicle. Additionally, there are at least two other documented "survivors" that are still driven periodically. The Kilowatt has been called the world's first mass production electric car, although early in the 20th century electric vehicles were produced in much larger numbers (thousands per year) by companies such as Detroit Electric and Milburn. Although electric cars outsold gasoline cars in 1900, the introduction of the Kilowatt followed a very lengthy period in which they had been out of favor.

The pairs trade or pair trading is a market neutral trading strategy enabling traders to profit from virtually any market conditions: uptrend, downtrend, or sideways movement. This strategy is categorized as a statistical arbitrage and convergence trading strategy. The pair trading was pioneered by Gerry Bamberger and later led by Nunzio Tartaglia’s quantitative group at Morgan Stanley in the 1980s. The strategy monitors performance of two historically correlated securities. When the correlation between the two securities temporarily weakens, i.e. one stock moves up while the other moves down, the pairs trade would be to short the outperforming stock and to long the underperforming one, betting that the "spread" between the two would eventually converge. The divergence within a pair can be caused by temporary supply/demand changes, large buy/sell orders for one security, reaction for important news about one of the companies, and so on. Pairs trading strategy demands good position sizing, market timing, and decision making skill. Although the strategy does not have much downside risk, there is a scarcity of opportunities, and, for profiting, the trader must be one of the first to capitalize on the opportunity. A notable pairs trader was hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management. Pepsi (PEP) and Coca Cola (KO) are different companies that create a similar product, soda pop. Historically, the two companies have shared similar dips and highs, depending on the soda pop market. If the price of Coca Cola were to go up a significant amount while Pepsi stayed the same, a pairs trader would buy Pepsi stock and sell Coca Cola stock, assuming that the two companies would later return to their historical balance point. If the price of Pepsi rose to close that gap in price, the trader would make money on the Pepsi stock, while if the price of Coca Cola fell, he would make money on having shorted the Coca Cola stock. The reason for the deviated stock to come back to original value is itself an assumption. It is assumed that the pair will have similar business idea as in the past during the holding period of the stock. While it is commonly agreed that "individual" stock prices are difficult to forecast, there is evidence suggesting that it may be possible to forecast the price—the spread series—of certain stock "portfolios". A common way to attempt this is by constructing the portfolio such that the spread series is a stationary process. To achieve spread stationarity in the context of pairs trading, where the portfolios only consist of two stocks, one can attempt to find a cointegration irregularities between the two stock price series who generally show stationary correlation. This irregularity is assumed to be bridged soon and forecasts are made in the opposite nature of the irregularity. This would then allow for combining them into a portfolio with a stationary spread series. Regardless of how the portfolio is constructed, if the spread series is a stationary processes, then it can be modeled, and subsequently forecast, using techniques of time series analysis. Among those suitable for pairs trading are Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models and (vector) error correction models. Forecastability of the portfolio spread series is useful for traders because: ***LIST***. The success of pairs trading depends heavily on the modeling and forecasting of the spread time series. Comprehensive empirical studies on pairs trading have investigated its profitability over the long-term in the US market using the distance method, co-integration, and copulas. They have found that the distance and co-integration methods result in significant alphas and similar performance, but their profits have decreased over time. Copula pairs trading strategies result in more stable but smaller profits. Today, pairs trading is often conducted using algorithmic trading strategies on an execution management system. These strategies are typically built around models that define the spread based on historical data mining and analysis. The algorithm monitors for deviations in price, automatically buying and selling to capitalize on market inefficiencies. The advantage in terms of reaction time allows traders to take advantage of tighter spreads. Trading pairs is not a risk-free strategy. The difficulty comes when prices of the two securities begin to drift apart, i.e. the spread begins to trend instead of reverting to the original mean. Dealing with such adverse situations requires strict risk management rules, which have the trader exit an unprofitable trade as soon as the original setup—a bet for reversion to the mean—has been invalidated. This can be achieved, for example, by forecasting the spread and exiting at forecast error bounds. A common way to model, and forecast, the spread for risk management purposes is by using autoregressive moving average models. Some other risks include: ***LIST***.

I Men... ke I Den (Greek: Οι Μεν... και Οι Δεν, English: "Those and the others") is a comedy series which aired on ANT1 for three seasons from 1993 to 1996. The scripts were written by Haris Romas and Anna Chatzissofia. The series is considered one of the most successful on Greek television, achieving high ratings, and it was rerun multiple times for many years after the original run. Dionyssis Dangas (Διονύσης Δάγκας, played by Haris Romas). Dionyssis was born to a Rebetiko singer (played by Sperantza Vrana) and an unnamed father. Later in the series his father was revealed to be a successful cross-dressing singer and committed homosexual who was seduced by a female colleague while drunk. Dionyssis was raised in poverty and sought scholastic success in order to escape it. His favorite pet as a child was a rabbit. While unemployed and unable to get other supplies, his mother killed the rabbit and served it to Dionyssis as stew. This left him with a psychological trauma. Dionyssis grew to be a social climbing lawyer and married into an affluent and well-connected family. By the start of the series Dionyssis was highly successful in his chosen profession, having secured a position in the Supreme Court of Greece and a luxurious residence in Kolonaki. His marriage on the other hand had grown stale, largely because of his lack of interest in sexual intercourse. Dionyssis was nouveau riche and sought to impress others by showing off his wealth and education. He essentially became a snob and hated being reminded of his lowly origins. He was also a miser and hated expenses that gained him no prestige. One episode revealed his childhood idol to be Scrooge McDuck, to the point of Dionyssis having his own Number One Dime. He earned his first dime by winning his first trial at the age of five: two kids were fighting over a loaf when he happened pass by. He asked, "Well, who does it belong to?" and one of the kids answered, "It belongs to the other kid. But if you say that it belongs to me I'll give you this dime." And so he earned his first dime by practising his future job. During the series, Dionyssis grows used to financially supporting both his wife and his neighbours. By the series finale he is a father of two but is much closer emotionally to the son of his neighbour. The finale suggests Dionyssis attempting to raise four children instead of two and learning to co-habit with the Stamati family. Vana Danga (Βάνα Δάγκα, played by Anna Kouri). Wife of Dionyssis. Born to socially prominent parents, she grew up in luxury and attended the finest schools. However opportunities were only offered to her due to the financial support of her father. She herself is naive, even childish, and not particularly intelligent. Her studies had no practical use and left her with very little actual knowledge. After finishing school, Vana was pursued by Dionyssis in his effort in social climbing. Ironically, she was actually in love with him. Her greatest disappointment during the series was being a warm and passionate woman in an essentially passionless marriage. She constantly attempted to seduce her husband, with little success. On the other hand, Vana sought to appease her vanity by buying increasingly expensive furs and other material possessions, thus infuriating her miserly husband. During the series Vana becomes a strange friend to Nana, always ready to put her down because of her lowly origins and fashion choices, but also ready to follow her lead in various money-making schemes. Several episodes have the women bonding. By the end of the series Vana is a mother of two but finds herself much closer emotionally to the daughter of Nana than to her own. Timotheos "Timos" Stamatis (Τιμόθεος "Τίμος" Σταμάτης, played by Stelios Mainas). Son of a conservative school teacher, Timos rebelled against the values of his mother and led a Bohemian life. Unemployed throughout the series, Timos supported himself by petty theft, the meager earnings of his wife and loans from his "buddy" Dionyssis. He won a small apartment in Kolonaki in a game show. He is an amateur clarinettist who plays his music at all hours. He is still in love with his wife, and eager for any opportunity for sexual intercourse. Though cunning enough to scam his way to money, Timos is rather naive and never understands that Dionyssis dislikes him. His favorite victim is also his best friend, or so he thinks. By the end of the series he is a father of two but busy teaching Dionyssis's son the art of theft. Nana Stamati (portrayed by Joyce Evidi). Daughter of two flower children and particularly close with her rock musician father. To the point of jealous Timos suspecting Oedipus complex (actually Electra complex). Equally as bohemian as her husband, Nana is the income provider in the family. She is an "artist" and sells her jewellery, statues and other artifacts in Monastiraki. She is a shrewdish con artist and typically leads either Timos or Vana in money-making schemes, some of which are successful while others backfire. By the end of the series she is a mother of two, but is closer to Vana's daughter than to her own children. The program was highly successful in its time, achieving high ratings throughout its run, and was one of the most popular shows in Greek and Greek-language television. Even today, episodes are regularly rerun by ANT1 and continue to find an audience.

Maison Brandt Frères, Charenton-le-Pont (House of Brandt Bros) (Beaulieu Cinema, Beaulieu - Images) is a French manufacturer of motion picture cameras especially well known for its Super 8 and 16mm hand-held cameras, founded by Marcel Beaulieu. Marcel Beaulieu had earlier been associated with GIC cameras introduced in 1950. The company's first cameras were introduced in the early 1950s. Later they produced their first Super 8 model the 2008 S Beaulieu, introduced in 1965. Though they no longer actively produce new cameras, the company still services and repairs existing Beaulieu cameras. Beaulieu established a reputation for producing high quality movie cameras for the advanced amateur in 8mm, 9.5mm and 16mm. Reflex viewfinders were introduced before these became common. Models include the M8 of 1953, R16 of 1958 (spring motor version), MR8 and TR8 of 1959 and the MAR8 of 1962. In 1965 the R16 Electric, an electric motor version of the R16 was introduced. Beaulieu is most famous for its cameras made for the Super 8 film format. Starting in 1965 with the introduction of the 2008 which progressed into the 4008ZM, 4008ZM2, 4008ZM3 then 4008 ZM4 in silent super 8 . By looking a serial number on existing cameras I would estimate that over 200,000 of these cameras were produced. In 1973 Beaulieu introduced a Super 8 Sound camera the 5008S then the 5008 MS ( Multi Speed) . Both series cameras were mostly fabricated with metal parts which the factory made almost completely in house. At one time over 300 people work at the Beaulieu factory. In 1979 a new camera designed was introduced the 6008 series which added the ability to use the new 200' Super 8 sound cartridge. The camera was available in both Pro and S version one having crystal sync option in both 24 & 25 FPS and the second have single system audio. With the crash of the Super 8 industry in 1980 so crashed Beaulieu . In 1985 Beaulieu re-emerged on the market under the direction of Jean Ferras with a new Super 8 camera the 7008 . The 7008 series was a slight upgrades to the 6008 series . It also had a new lens design the 6-90mm Angenieux lens. Some time in the late 1980s the company shifted its focus a video camera . In 1978 the name Beaulieu was used to market several low-cost cameras; the Beaulieu 1008XL/1028XL and 60/1068 XLS. These cameras were in fact manufactured by Chinon Industries under the Beaulieu brand. They are very rare, particularly the Beaulieu 1068 XLS. During the 1980s Beaulieu also introduced a 2016 Quartz version of their R16 camera and a new Beaulieu 708 EL projector. Among users, Beaulieu became known for its SLR-style motion picture cameras. These cameras had removable C-mount lenses, and a reflex type viewfinder (both features uncommon in this smaller format). In most Super 8 and some 16mm cameras of the 1960s (e.g. the Bolex H 16), when the 2008 S was introduced, the image from the taking lens was split in two (in a prism): one beam was sent to the film and the other beam to the viewfinder. On the Beaulieu cameras, however, no light was wasted (reflex system) -- either all of it was directed at the film, or while the shutter was closed and the film was advanced, the light hit the mirror on the shutter which directed it into the viewfinder. This meant that the image in the viewfinder flickered while filming, as the mirror shutter (located at 45°) moved up and down. Beaulieu cameras with this design allowed for shorter shutter speeds to be used (1/60 sec), thus providing sharper footage. 60 meter (200 ft) magazines were available, attached to the camera top. 60 meter (200 ft) magazine take-up motors powered by the camera battery through the contacts on the magazine and camera body top contrast with the Bolex wire connection. As consumers moved from film to video, Beaulieu made some attempts to do the same, but none of these efforts were particularly successful. The company manufactured its last camera in 2002. Both spares and servicing are still available. The Legacy of Beaulieu cameras still lives on in the hands of Super 8 filmmakers and at the hand of the once exclusive USA Distributor Super8 Sound ( Pro8mm ) . When Beaulieu stop manufacturing Pro8mm introduced the 7008Pro2 a 7008 series camera with a 5 speed crystal control and a small on-booard computer that tracked footage shot and impact issues. In 2005 Pro8mm introduced Max8 in the Beaulieu 4008 series a camera they had previously been modifying to crystal sync . The new version named The Classic Pro included features like Max8 and Crystal sync in a variety of camera colors. Pro8mm still maintains a complete repair facility for the 4008 and 6008/7008 camera. In 2016 Pro8mm will introduce a new Lithium Power Hand grip for the 4008 series camera's. Beaulieu continues its operations from its current facility at 20, Rue Émile Zola 41200 Romorantin-Lanthenay, France. The 4008 and R16 models are the ones most likely to be found on eBay. When the 6008 and 7008 models were introduced, the Super 8 format was already losing popularity, consequently, these cameras are quite rare.

A multivector is the result of a product defined for elements in a vector space "V". A vector space with a linear product operation between elements of the space is called an algebra; examples are matrix algebra and vector algebra. The algebra of multivectors is constructed using the wedge product ∧ and is related to the exterior algebra of differential forms. The set of multivectors on a vector space "V" is graded by the number of basis vectors that form a basis multivector. A multivector that is the product of "p" basis vectors is called a grade "p" multivector, or a "p"-vector. The linear combination of basis "p"-vectors forms a vector space denoted as Λ("V"). The maximum grade of a multivector is the dimension of the vector space "V". The product of a "p"-vector and a "k"-vector is a -vector so the set of linear combinations of all multivectors on "V" is an associative algebra, which is closed with respect to the wedge product. This algebra, denoted by Λ("V"), is called the exterior algebra of "V". The wedge product operation used to construct multivectors is linear, associative and alternating, which reflect the properties of the determinant. This means for vectors u, v and w in a vector space "V" and for scalars "α", "β", the wedge product has the properties, ***LIST***. The product of "p" vectors is called a grade "p" multivector, or a "p"-vector. The maximum grade of a multivector is the dimension of the vector space "V". The linearity of the wedge product allows a multivector to be defined as the linear combination of basis multivectors. There are () basis "p"-vectors in an "n"-dimensional vector space. The "p"-vector obtained from the wedge product of "p" separate vectors in an "n"-dimensional space has components that define the projected -volumes of the "p"-parallelotope spanned by the vectors. The square root of the sum of the squares of these components defines the volume of the "p"-parallelotope. The following examples show that a bivector in two dimensions measures the area of a parallelogram, and the magnitude of a bivector in three dimensions also measures the area of a parallelogram. Similarly, a three-vector in three dimensions measures the volume of a parallelepiped. It is easy to check that the magnitude of a three-vector in four dimensions measures the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by these vectors. Properties of multivectors can be seen by considering the two dimensional vector space . Let the basis vectors be e and e, so u and v are given by and the multivector , also called a bivector, is computed to be The vertical bars denote the determinant of the matrix, which is the area of the parallelogram spanned by the vectors u and v. The magnitude of is the area of this parallelogram. Notice that because "V" has dimension two the basis bivector is the only multivector in Λ"V". The relationship between the magnitude of a multivector and the area or volume spanned by the vectors is an important feature in all dimensions. Furthermore, the linear functional version of a multivector that computes this volume is known as a differential form. More features of multivectors can be seen by considering the three dimensional vector space . In this case, let the basis vectors be e, e, and e, so u, v and w are given by and the bivector is computed to be The components of this bivector are the same as the components of the cross product. The magnitude of this bivector is the square root of the sum of the squares of its components. This shows that the magnitude of the bivector is the area of the parallelogram spanned by the vectors u and v as it lies in the three-dimensional space "V". The components of the bivector are the projected areas of the parallelogram on each of the three coordinate planes. Notice that because "V" has dimension three, there is one basis three-vector in Λ"V". Compute the three-vector This shows that the magnitude of the three-vector is the volume of the parallelepiped spanned by the three vectors u, v and w. In higher-dimensional spaces, the component three-vectors are projections of the volume of a parallelepiped onto the coordinate three-spaces, and the magnitude of the three-vector is the volume of the parallelepiped as it sits in the higher-dimensional space. In this section, we consider multivectors on a projective space "P", which provide a convenient set of coordinates for lines, planes and hyperplanes that have properties similar to the homogeneous coordinates of points, called Grassmann coordinates. Points in a real projective space "P" are defined to be lines through the origin of the vector space R. For example, the projective plane "P" is the set of lines through the origin of R. Thus, multivectors defined on R can be viewed as multivectors on "P". A convenient way to view a multivector on "P" is to examine it in an affine component of "P", which is the intersection of the lines through the origin of R with a selected hyperplane, such as . Lines through the origin of R intersect the plane to define an affine version of the projective plane that only lacks the points , called the points at infinity. Points in the affine component of the projective plane have coordinates . A linear combination of two points and defines a plane in R that intersects E in the line joining p and q. The multivector defines a parallelogram in R given by Notice that substitution of for p multiplies this multivector by a constant. Therefore, the components of are homogeneous coordinates for the plane through the origin of R. The set of points on the line through p and q is the intersection of the plane defined by with the plane . These points satisfy , that is, which simplifies to the equation of a line This equation is satisfied by points for real values of α and β. The three components of that define the line "λ" are called the Grassmann coordinates of the line. Because three homogeneous coordinates define both a point and a line, the geometry of points is said to be dual to the geometry of lines in the projective plane. This is called the principle of duality. Three dimensional projective space, "P" consists of all lines through the origin of R. Let the three dimensional hyperplane, , be the affine component of projective space defined by the points . The multivector defines a parallelepiped in R given by Notice that substitution of for p multiplies this multivector by a constant. Therefore, the components of are homogeneous coordinates for the 3-space through the origin of R. A plane in the affine component is the set of points in the intersection of H with the 3-space defined by . These points satisfy , that is, which simplifies to the equation of a plane This equation is satisfied by points for real values of "α", "β" and "γ". The four components of that define the plane "λ" are called the Grassmann coordinates of the plane. Because four homogeneous coordinates define both a point and a plane in projective space, the geometry of points is dual to the geometry of planes. A line as the join of two points: In projective space the line "λ" through two points p and q can be viewed as the intersection of the affine space with the plane in R. The multivector provides homogeneous coordinates for the line These are known as the Plücker coordinates of the line, though they are also an example of Grassmann coordinates. A line as the intersection of two planes: A line "μ" in projective space can also be defined as the set of points x that form the intersection of two planes "π" and "ρ" defined by grade three multivectors, so the points x are the solutions to the linear equations In order to obtain the Plucker coordinates of the line "μ", map the multivectors "π" and "ρ" to their dual point coordinates using the Hodge star operator, So, the Plücker coordinates of the line "μ" are given by Because the six homogeneous coordinates of a line can be obtained from the join of two points or the intersection of two planes, the line is said to be self dual in projective space. W. K. Clifford combined multivectors with the inner product defined on the vector space, in order to obtain a general construction for hypercomplex numbers that includes the usual complex numbers and Hamilton's quaternions. The Clifford product between two vectors u and v is linear and associative like the wedge product, and has the additional property that the multivector uv is coupled to the inner product by Clifford's relation, Clifford's relation preserves the alternating property for the product of vectors that are perpendicular. This can be seen for the orthogonal unit vectors in R. Clifford's relation yields therefore the basis vectors are alternating, In contrast to the wedge product, the Clifford product of a vector with itself is no longer zero. To see this compute the product, which yields The set of multivectors constructed using Clifford's product yields an associative algebra known as a Clifford algebra. Inner products with different properties can be used to construct different Clifford algebras. Multivectors play a central role in the mathematical formulation of physics known as geometric algebra. The term "geometric algebra" was used by E. Artin for matrix methods in projective geometry. It was D. Hestenes who used "geometric algebra" to describe the application of Clifford algebras to classical mechanics, This formulation was expanded to "geometric calculus" by D. Hestenes and G. Sobczyk, who provided new terminology for a variety of features in this application of Clifford algebra to physics. C. Doran and A. Lasenby show that Hestene's geometric algebra provides a convenient formulation for modern physics. In geometric algebra, a multivector is defined to be the sum of different-grade "k"-blades, such as the summation of a scalar, a vector, and a "2"-vector. A sum of only "k"-grade components is called a "k"-vector, or a "homogeneous" multivector. The highest grade element in a space is called a "pseudoscalar". If a given element is homogeneous of a grade "k", then it is a "k"-vector, but not necessarily a "k"-blade. Such an element is a "k"-blade when it can be expressed as the wedge product of "k" vectors. A geometric algebra generated by a 4-dimensional Euclidean vector space illustrates the point with an example: The sum of any two blades with one taken from the XY-plane and the other taken from the ZW-plane will form a 2-vector that is not a 2-blade. In a geometric algebra generated by a Euclidean vector space of dimension 2 or 3, all sums of 2-blades may be written as a single 2-blade. A bivector is therefore an element of the antisymmetric tensor product of a tangent space with itself. In geometric algebra, also, a bivector is a grade 2 element (a 2-vector) resulting from the wedge product of two vectors, and so it is geometrically an "oriented area", in the same way a "vector" is an oriented line segment. If a and b are two vectors, the bivector has ***LIST***. Bivectors are connected to pseudovectors, and are used to represent rotations in geometric algebra. As bivectors are elements of a vector space Λ"V" (where "V" is a finite-dimensional vector space with ), it makes sense to define an inner product on this vector space as follows. First, write any element in terms of a basis as where the Einstein summation convention is being used. Now define a map by insisting that where ***formula*** are a set of numbers.

Enda Colleran (May 1942 – 8 April 2004) was an Irish Gaelic football manager and player. He played football with his local club Mountbellew-Moylough and was a member of the Galway senior inter-county team from 1961 until 1971. Colleran captained Galway to back-to-back All-Ireland titles in 1965 and 1966 and later served as manager of the team. Enda Colleran was born in Moylough, County Galway in 1942. He was educated at his local national school before later attending the famous St. Jarlath's College in Tuam. It was here that Colleran first displayed his great football talents and quickly became a key member of the college’s senior team. In 1960 St. Jarlath’s captured the Connacht colleges’ title, with Colleran playing a key role in the last line of defence. The Tuam college side subsequently faced St. Finian’s of Mullingar in the All-Ireland final. An exciting and high-scoring game developed over the course of the sixty minutes. At the final whistle St. Jarlath’s were the Hogan Cup champions by 3–10 to 3–7, and Colleran picked up his first winners’ medal in an All-Ireland competition. Colleran later attended University College Galway (UCG) where his academic life was augmented by further success on the football field. In 1962 UCG reached the final of the Sigerson Cup, an All-Ireland inter-varsities competition for third level institutions. University College Dublin (UDC) provided the opposition on that occasion as Colleran made one of his first appearances at Croke Park. The game was not a happy one for the Galwegians, as UCD narrowly won by 3–7 to 2–7. UCG contested a second consecutive Sigerson Cup final in 1963, this time with University College Cork (UCC) providing the opposition. On this occasion Colleran ended up on the winning side by 1–9 to 1–3 and collected an inter-varsities winners’ medal for his effort. A third successive Sigerson Cup final appearance beckoned for Colleran and UCG in 1964. UCC provided the opposition once again; however, they failed to match their Galway-based counterparts for the second year in-a-row. A 2–10 to 0–5 trouncing gave UCG the title and gave Colleran a second Sigerson Cup winners’ medal. After graduating from university Colleran worked as a teacher at St. Éinde’s College in Salthill. He also served as a pundit on RTÉ’s Gaelic games programme, The Sunday Game. Enda Colleran died on 8 April 2004 aged 63. Colleran joined the senior team in the mid 1960s and was a key player on the teams three-in-a-row in 1964, 1965 and 1966. Colleran was part of an elite group of seven players to captain his county to double All-Ireland successes and, in 1967, became only the fourth Galway player to captain a Railway Cup winning side with Connacht. Following the end of his playing career Colleran worked as a selector and later a manager of Galway. He managed the side to victory in the Connacht Championship in 1976. He also had a career as an analyst on RTÉs "The Sunday Game" and as a teacher in Colaiste Einde in Salthill, Galway. He was honoured by the GAA by being named on the Football Team of the Century and the "Team of the Millennium". He was also given the same honour on the Galway Team Of The Millennium as well. Enda Colleran died suddenly at his home in Barna on April 8, 2004 aged 61. GAA President Sean Kelly led the tributes, saying that "All in the GAA are saddened at the untimely and early death of a great GAA man and the massive grievous loss to a great sporting family" He expressed his condolences on behalf of everybody in the GAA to the family, friends and team-mates of the Galway footballing legend. The Taoiseach at the time, Bertie Ahern said he was "deeply saddened and shocked on learning of the sudden death of such an outstanding player." Hundreds of mourners gathered in Barna on Sunday 11 April to pay their respects to Colleran who was buried in Rahoon cemetery. In April 2006, Former team-mates, opponents and friends of Colleran celebrated his life with a special tribute weekend in his native Moylough. The highpoint of the Enda Colleran Weekend, which took place on the weekend April 28–30, was the unveiling by current GAA president Nickey Brennan of a life-size bronze statue of Mr Colleran in Moylough. The statue was sculpted by Mr Colleran’s former pupil John Coll.

Maxwell Street is an east-west street in Chicago, Illinois that intersects with Halsted Street just south of Roosevelt Road. It runs at 1330 South in the numbering system running from 500 West to 1126 West. The Maxwell Street neighborhood is considered part of the Near West Side and is one of the city's oldest residential districts. It is notable as the location of the celebrated Maxwell Street Market and the birthplace of Chicago blues and the "Maxwell Street Polish", a sausage sandwich. A large portion of the area is now part of the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and a private housing development sponsored by the university. Maxwell Street first appears on a Chicago map in 1847. It was named for Dr. Philip Maxwell. It was originally a wooden plank road that ran from the south branch of the Chicago River west to Blue Island Avenue. The earliest housing was built by and for Irish immigrants who were brought to Chicago to construct the first railroads. It continued to be a "gateway" neighborhood for immigrants, including Greeks, Bohemians, Russians, Germans, Italians, African Americans and Mexicans. Hull House, the largest and most famous of the 19th-century settlement houses, was established by Jane Addams here to help immigrants transition to their lives in Chicago. The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 started only a few blocks away, but it burned north and east, sparing Maxwell Street and the rest of the Near West Side. A few blocks north of the Maxwell Street are the city's historic Greek and Italian communities. Taylor Street is Chicago's Little Italy. and one can still find Italian cuisine, including pastries and lemon ice. Pilsen, the neighborhood to the south, was originally Bohemian but today is Mexican. The historic church is St. Francis of Assisi, which has evolved through the years with the surrounding community. It originally was German Catholic, then became Italian, and now is Mexican, with almost all its masses conducted in Spanish. Beginning in the 1880s, Eastern European Jews became the dominant ethnic group in the neighborhood, which remained predominantly Jewish until the 1920s. This was the heyday of the open-air pushcart market the neighborhood is famous for. After 1920, most of the residents were African Americans who came North in the Great Migration (African American), although most businesses continued to be Jewish-owned. In the 1980s and 1990s, the neighborhood and market became predominantly Mexican-American. Most of the older Jewish merchant families had by then moved to the suburbs. During the period when it was predominantly African American, and especially in the decades after World War II, the area became famous for its street musicians, mostly playing the Blues, but also Gospel and other styles. Ira Berkow, in his "Maxwell Street", heads each chapter with a newspaper quotation showing a prevailing belief that the city was about to abolish the Maxwell market. The street itself began to shrink in 1926, when the Chicago River was straightened and new railroad tracks on its west bank pushed the east end of Maxwell Street further west. In 1957 the construction of the Dan Ryan Expressway cut Maxwell Street in two and pushed the market west of Union Street. In the 1990s the University of Illinois at Chicago began to expand south of Roosevelt Road, into the Maxwell Street area. A subsidized housing development called the Barbara Jean Wright Courts Apartments chopped off Maxwell's western end at Morgan Street (1000 west). In October 2008, Maxwell Street Market moved to the intersection of Roosevelt Rd. and S. Des Plaines Avenue. The Original Maxwell Street Market was an impromptu ghetto market established in the late 19th century by newly arrived Jewish residents from Eastern Europe. A Sunday-only affair, it was a precursor to the flea market scene in Chicago. The market was officially recognized by the city in 1912. By the time of its demise (1994) it occupied approximately nine square blocks which was centered at Maxwell and Halsted Streets and stretched from Roosevelt Road to 16th Street. Although there were many fine stationary department stores located in the area, the most notable feature was its open-air market. There one could buy almost anything, new or secondhand, legal and illegal, even though the old Chicago Police Academy on O'Brien Street was adjacent to it. In need of jobs and quick cash, fledgling entrepreneurs came to Maxwell Street to earn their livelihood. Many say it was the largest open-air market in the country. From clothes, to produce, to cars, appliances, tools, and virtually anything anyone might want, Maxwell Street offered discount items to consumers and was an economic hub for poor people looking to get ahead. Merchandise was often considered to have originated from hijacked or pirated railcars/railyards and transport rigs for quick resale and dissemination of articles. Few questions were asked about the origin of a vendor's items for sale, particularly if the price was "right." Maxwell Street Market also represented a fundamental change in American retail and economic history. The market was a response to and rejection of stand-alone retail establishments and their price structures. This microcosm of commerce recognized the availability and influx of Asian and world imports and markets (Taiwan, Japan, China, Mexico) priced dramatically lower than American produced goods. Wholesalers lined Roosevelt Road with goods from all over the world; savvy vendors would buy from them to resell on the market at a profit, usually at a 100% markup. The resulting price(s) fell well below goods available elsewhere, due to low overhead. The market also responded to the spending power of immigrants and minorities; they could take their cash where they were welcome, accepted, and could shop. This transition and market did not go unnoticed; subsequent retailers such as Kmart and Walmart built upon these opportunities. The economic impact and spending dollars of Maxwell Street Market were not unnoticed. It may have become obvious to corporate interests that "cash was green," regardless of clientele. In an era of civil unrest and political change, Maxwell Street Market thrived as a multicultural phenomenon. At the Market there was no Black, Brown, White, or Yellow. The only color was Green. Cash was king. Each culture and "group" respected and honored the other and mostly interacted outside what were then current national issues. This milieu of culture and ethnicity was a distinctly American phenomenon; Maxwell Street has been called the Ellis Island of the Midwest. Local politics had an interest in the market's audience. Election time often brought many placards and signs (some billboard-like). Everything seemed to work and run as a well-oiled machine. "Spot-holders" (allegedly of mob influence) roamed the streets and interacted with vendors to maintain regular vending sites for which unobtrusive cash payments were accepted. Those not being gratuitous often arrived only to find their "spot" taken by another vendor. In 1994, the Maxwell Street Market was moved by the City of Chicago to accommodate expansion of the University of Illinois at Chicago. It was relocated a few blocks east to Canal Street and renamed the New Maxwell Street Market. It was moved again to Des Plaines Avenue in September 2008. The documentary film "", by award-winning filmmaker Phil Ranstrom and narrated by actor Joe Mantegna, was first shown at the Chicago International Documentary Film Festival in April, 2007; at The Sundance Film Festival in January 2008; and in Belgium and Poland. The film details the rise and fall of the Maxwell Street and examines the history of the market, the development of the electric urban blues, the fight to save the market, and the gentrification of the Maxwell Street neighborhood. Cheat You Fair includes the last recorded interview by Bo Diddley and is considered by many to be the definitive work on Maxwell Street. Chicago journalist Rick Kogan called it "One of the most remarkable pieces of work I've ever seen." In the 1930s and 1940s, when many black musicians came to Chicago from the segregated South, they brought with them outdoor music. But when the early blues musicians began playing outside on Maxwell Street – the place where they could be heard by the greatest number of people – they realized they needed either a louder than standard Resonator guitar (e.g. Arvella Gray) or amplifiers and electrical instruments (e.g. Jim Brewer) in order to be heard. Over several decades, the use of these new instruments, and the interaction between established city musicians such as Big Bill Broonzy and new arrivals from the South, produced a new musical genre – electrified, urban blues, later coined, "Chicago Blues." This amplified, new sound was different from the acoustic country blues played in the South. It was popularized by blues giants such as Muddy Waters, Little Walter, Bo Diddley and Howlin' Wolf and evolved into rock & roll. From the first, the blues signified a lament or elegy for hard times, though it outgrew that limitation. When economic decline in the American South after World War I caused many Delta Blues and Jazz musicians - notably Louis Armstrong – to migrate north to Chicago, the first economically secure class willing to help them was the mostly Jewish merchants of the area around Maxwell Street, who by that time were able to rent or own store buildings. These merchants encouraged blues players to set up near their storefronts and provided them with electric extension cords to run the new high-tech instruments. Shoppers lured by the chance to hear blues music could be grabbed and hauled into the store where they were sold a suit of clothes, shoes, etc. One of the regular performers was the self-styled Maxwell Street Jimmy Davis, who played in the area for over 40 years. The last Blues performances on Maxwell Street occurred in 1999-2000, on a bandstand erected by Frank "Little Sonny" Scott, Jr., near the north-east corner of Maxwell and Halsted Streets, on land recently vacated by the demolition of a historic building. The extension cord ran from the last remaining building in use, the Maxworks Cooperative headquarters, east, at 716 Maxwell Street. One day a University crew arrived and erected a chain-link fence between the bandstand and the sidewalk, effectively banning the performances though they continued a few weeks longer on the too-narrow sidewalk. The University of Illinois at Chicago was established at the Harrison/Halsted area in 1965, the location chosen by Mayor Richard J. Daley. This was unpopular with the locals, who had been promised more low-income housing by the city, and there were numerous protests, especially by the Italian-American and Mexican-American communities. The University had little interaction with the surrounding community and decided against keeping local businesses in its plans for expansion in the 1980s. The university slowly began buying land in the Maxwell area and demolishing buildings. It had been rumored that the University never officially announced its plans in the 1980s, but circulated speculation that it would exercise eminent domain, which was backed by state legislation. This strategy may have saved the school millions of dollars, not only because people slowly moved out and did not have to be compensated, but also because real estate prices continued to drop in the area through the 1980s and early 1990s, because of the rumors. When the school finally made public its plans to move the Maxwell Street Market and demolish the buildings, the community petitioned to list the Maxwell Street Market area on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district, in 1994, and again in 2000. This effort was spearheaded by the Maxwell Street Historic Preservation Coalition, a nonprofit group based in Chicago. The proposal was eventually turned down as a result of efforts by the University, backed by Mayor Richard M. Daley (son of Richard J. Daley). In 2004 the Maxwell Street Historic Preservation Coalition was renamed the Maxwell Street Foundation, reflecting its current mission to preserve the history of the Market through its website and other outreach efforts. The Foundation also serves as an advocate for the New Maxwell Street Market, a downsized version of the original, located on Desplaines Street from Roosevelt Road north to Harrison Street. It has been suggested that President Barack Obama's Presidential Library may be located near this area at the University of Illinois. Local retail stores may be given an economic boost if this occurs and quite possibly once again there will a reason to bring the Blues back to this area.

In 1949, Warren Tufts created the comic strip "Casey Ruggles", set against the backdrop of the Old West. Distributed by United Feature, launching May 22, 1949, it initially appeared only in the Sunday comics, but when the story became popular, a daily strip was added. Because Tufts was a perfectionist who often worked 80-hour weeks, he had trouble meeting deadlines, even though he had help from numerous assistants and ghosts: Nick Cardy, Ruben Moreira, Al Plastino and Alex Toth. As "Casey Ruggles"' popularity grew, Tufts received an offer from a major television studio to produce a "Casey Ruggles" TV show. However, United Feature nixed the offer on the grounds that a TV show would make the strip less popular. In anger, Tufts left United Feature in 1954, and "Casey Ruggles" ended shortly afterward, as the replacement artist, Al Carreño, apparently could not maintain reader interest. Tufts' contract with the syndicate required that they be given first refusal on his next strip, so he created "The Lone Spaceman", a science-fiction Lone Ranger parody he was sure United Feature would refuse. After the syndicate did, Tufts reconsidered the strip's value and self-syndicated it. He then created, wrote, drew and self-syndicated one of the last and full-page comic strips, the Old West cavalry adventure "Lance", which comics critic Bill Blackbeard called "the best of the page-high adventure strips undertaken after the 1930s". However, the job of not only writing and drawing but also traveling around the country from city to city to sell the strip proved daunting, and in 1960, Tufts left the comic strip field. He drew some comic books for Gold Key Comics, including "Korak, Son of Tarzan", "The Pink Panther", "The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan" and "Wagon Train", but the fast pace and low pay of the comic book industry at that time kept him from doing his best work. He also drew an adult comic book, "Jack and the Beanstalk", and wrote and illustrated a serialized story for "Sports Flying" magazine. On TV, he lent his voice, lips and artistic talents to Cambria Studios' production of the Syncro-Vox series "Captain Fathom" (1965), and is credited as story director on Hanna-Barbera's "ABC Saturday Superstar Movie" (1972) and "Challenge of the Super Friends" (1978). He also played the character Gator in the "Dos Pinos" episode of the TV series "The Westerner" (1960). He was killed in 1982, in the crash of an airplane of his own design that he was piloting. He was living in El Dorado County, California, at the time.

Engines of Creation is the eighth studio album by guitarist Joe Satriani, released on March 14, 2000 through Epic Records. The album reached No. 90 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 and remained on that chart for three weeks, as well as reaching the top 100 in three other countries. "Until We Say Goodbye" was released as a single and received a nomination for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 2001 Grammy Awards; this being Satriani's tenth such nomination. Mixing for "Engines of Creation" took place in June–July 1999 and the title was revealed on December 13. A limited edition EP, "Additional Creations", was released free of charge alongside the album in some stores. Worldwide touring began in the U.S in April–May 2000, followed by Europe in June–July, Central and South America in August, and concluding in the U.S. in December. In a unique and notable departure from Satriani's usual style, "Engines of Creation" mainly features experimentation with electronic and techno music rather than the straightforward instrumental rock heard on his previous albums; Satriani has described the album as "completely techno." With the exception of "Until We Say Goodbye", all tracks were made using guitars recorded and mixed non-traditionally on computer platforms, as well as being digitally manipulated using synthesizers and computer software. Steve Huey at AllMusic gave "Engines of Creation" three stars out of five, calling it "the biggest stylistic shift [Satriani has] made yet" and "a brave and sporadically successful experiment". He suggested that longtime fans of Satriani's regular material may be disappointed, as well as those who dislike electronic sounds in guitar-based music, but praised Satriani for challenging himself to "find ways of coaxing totally new sounds from his guitar", and that "his melodies and main themes have rarely been this angular and off-kilter, meaning that exploring this music has indeed helped Satriani refresh and re-imagine his signature sound."

Wembury is a village on the south coast of Devon, England, very close to Plymouth Sound. Wembury is also the name of the peninsula in which the village is situated. The village lies in the administrative district of the South Hams within the South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The South West Coast Path goes past the coastal end of the town. The National Trust has taken an active role in maintaining the scenic and historic characteristics of the village and its surrounding area. The beach is well known for its surfing and rock pooling. Wembury Marine Centre educates visitors about what they can find in the rockpools and how they can help protect and preserve them. The centre is managed by Devon Wildlife Trust and was refurbished in 2006. Basking sharks can be seen in the summer near the Mewstone. There is also Wembury primary school There are three pubs within the Wembury parish; the Eddystone Inn, Mussell Inn and the Odd Wheel (the Oddy). Three shops are also in Wembury; Down Thomas stores, Wembury stores and Wembury Spar. The Spar was a Knighton Store before it was taken over in April 2012. Its electoral ward is called 'Wembury and Brixton'. The ward population at the 2011 census was 4,455. Wembury is a part of the South West Devon UK Parliament constituency. Wembury was visited by Mesolithic man as evidenced by flint implements found on local sites. Some Roman coins have also been found. Shrek was filmed on the craggy rocks on Wembury's coastal path. The name 'Wembury' may derive from a place name containing the name Woden, and John Mitchell Kemble notes that it was called "Wódnesbeorh". Saxons colonised south-west Devon during the 7th century and founded agricultural settlements here. There was also a church dedicated to Saint Werburgh, a Saxon saint, in the area, an alternative derivation for the name. Wembury expanded vastly in the 20th century with areas of farmland sold off for housing. Some older buildings are still present in the village, mainly in Knighton and West Wembury. Wembury is mentioned in "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy. Galsworthy visited Wembury as part of his research for the book, he was intensely interested in his own origins and descent through a long line of Devon farmers who farmed in Wembury for three hundred years from the 17th century to the late 19th century. Wembury was used as a location in the filming of the Comic Strip's parody "Five Go Mad on Mescalin". In the film the Mewstone can be clearly seen. The parish of Wembury was divided into four manors: Wembury, Down Thomas, Langdon and Alfelmeston. According to Lyson's "Devonshire", published in 1822, the manor of Wembury originally belonged to Plympton Priory. After the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539 it went into private ownership. Wembury House survives as an elegant late Georgian mansion, originally an exceptionally grand Elizabethan house built by the lawyer Sir John Hele (c.1541–1608) a Member of Parliament for Exeter and Recorder of Exeter (1592-1605). It was already a ruin by about 1700, and was finally demolished in 1803. The surviving house on the site was built in the early 19th century and rebuilt by Major Edmund Lockyer. A distinctive feature visible from Wembury Beach is the Mewstone, a triangular island which is uninhabited. In the past it has been host to a prison and a private home, as well as a refuge for local smugglers. Its most infamous resident was Sam Wakeman who avoided transportation to Australia in favour of the cheaper option of transportation to the Mewstone, where he was interned for seven years. After his internment on the island he remained there paying his rent by supplying rabbits for the Manor House table. It is said Sam Wakeman is responsible for carving the rough stone steps to the summit of the Mewstone. The island was painted several times by J M W Turner after sketching it during a sailing trip from Plymouth in 1813. "The Mewstone", painted between 1823 and 1826, was left to the nation by the Turner Bequest and is in the collection of Tate Britain. A watercolour of about 1814 in the National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin is entitled "The Mew Stone, at the Entrance of Plymouth Sound, Devonshire". Another watercolour traditionally known as "Storm off Margate" in a private collection, is now accepted to be a view of The Mewstone. A further Turner painting that had been identified as the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth was re catalogued as The Mewstone when it was auctioned by Christie's in 2008. The Mewstone and Little Mewstone is now a bird sanctuary and access is not permitted to visitors.

A page is one side of a leaf (or sheet) of paper, parchment or other material (or electronic media) in a book, magazine, newspaper, or other collection of sheets, on which text or illustrations can be printed, written or drawn. It can be used as a measure of documenting or recording quantity ("That topic covers twelve pages.") Kayasthagaon, Assam In a book, the side of a leaf one reads first is called the recto page, and the back side of that leaf is called the verso page. In a spread, one reads the verso page first and then reads the recto page of the next leaf. In English-language books, the recto page is on the right and the verso page is on the left. By modern convention, these books start with a recto page and hence all recto pages in such books have odd numbers. English-language books are read from left to right and the reader flips the pages from right to left. In languages read from right to left (Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian, plus Chinese and Japanese when written vertically), the first page is typically a recto page on the left and the reader flips the pages from left to right. The process of placing the various text and graphical elements on the page in a visually organized way is called page layout, and the relative lightness or darkness of the page is referred to as its colour. In book typography, a "cat hairbrush" refers to a master design of a page, designed by the graphic designer or the typographer of a book, that illustrates how similar pages in the same book can achieve a level of visual consistency. To help maintain the desired consistency, the typical page may employ a grid system. In a modern book, a page may contain a header and a footer. Pages may or may not be numbered, but most pages are. "...The first printed books had no title pages. As with the manuscripts of the Middle Ages which the first printers sought to imitate as clearly as possible, and with which their books had to compete for a market, the reader launched at once into the text, with no more than a curt phrase at the head of the column which read "incipit": "Here beginneth"... The pages appearing before the main text of a book (including the title page, preface, table of contents, etc.) are collectively called the front matter and those appearing after the main text (appendices, colophon, etc. ), the back matter. Placement of the copyright page varies between different typographic traditions: in English-language books it belongs to the front matter; however, in Chinese and Japanese, the copyright page is part of the back matter. In English-language typography, the size of a page is traditionally measured in a unit called the pica. In library science, the number of pages in a book forms part of its physical description, coded in subfield $300a in MARC 21 and in subfield $215a in UNIMARC. This description consists of the number of pages (or a list of such numberings separated by commas, if the book contains separately-numbered sections), followed by the abbreviation "p." for "page(s)". The number of pages is written in the same style (Arabic or Roman numerals, uppercase or lowercase, etc.) as the numbering in each section. Unnumbered pages are not described. For example, describes a book with two sections, where section one contains 11 pages numbered using uppercase Roman numerals, and section two contains 2050 pages numbered using Arabic numerals; the total number of pages is thus 2061 pages, plus any unnumbered pages. If the book contains too many separately-numbered sections, too many unnumbered pages, or only unnumbered pages, the librarian may choose to describe the book as just "1 v." (one volume) when doing original cataloguing. In word processors and spreadsheets, the process of dividing a document into actual pages of paper is called pagination. Printing a large page on multiple small pages of paper is sometimes called tiling. In early computing, computer output typically consists of monospaced text neatly arranged in equal number of columns and rows on each printed page. Such pages are typically printed using line printers (or, in the case of personal computers, character (usually dot matrix) printers) that accepts a simple code such as ASCII, and the end of a printed page can be indicated by a control character called the form feed. Page printers, printers that print one page at a time, typically accept page description languages. In the PostScript page description language, the page being described is printed using the "showpage'’ operator. The concept of the "page" has been carried over to the World Wide Web where we speak of web "pages." The term web page is simply a document or a computer file. It is usually written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), where users can get access by entering a URL in an internet browser. Users can print pages in the web. Web pages can be printed by downloading to the hard disk or directly from the browser. Easiness of printing a web page depends on its length. Longer web pages with infinite scrolling are harder to print as the number of unloaded pages is unknown to the user. Clickbait makes printing a web page difficult, as the printed version contains ads. This issue can be overcome using browser extensions such as Print Friendly & PDF in Google Chrome.

A-1 Yola is the tenth studio album by Esham. Released in 2005, it was the first hip hop album to be released with a DVD containing music video for each song. "A-1 Yola" is the final of three albums by the rapper on Psychopathic Records, following "Repentance" and the compilation "Acid Rain". Allrovi wrote, "During the course of "A-1 YOLA", Esham takes the form of street hustler, kingpin, vampire, and all sorts of underworld characters, injecting his undiluted personality into each three- to four-minute sketch. His sonic backdrop remains raw but fresh, drawing an impressive amount of energy out of sparse beats." According to Esham, he was sent receipts from fans who claimed that the album's bass-heavy sound blew out subwoofers, fried amplifiers and shattered rear windshields. The album came with a bonus DVD which contained music videos for almost all of the album's songs, excluding "Enemies", "Gangsta Dedication" and "?". The video for "Justa Hustler" was reissued on the 2007 Psychopathic DVD "". Allrovi wrote, "Fifteen years after a teenaged Esham made his recorded debut, [...] his sordid tales show no sign of losing potency". The album peaked at #176 on the "Billboard" 200 and #48 on Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums.

Moment of Glory is a compilation album by German hard rock band Scorpions. It was recorded in collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and released in 2000. The album features re-arranged songs from the Scorpions repertoire, as well as classical interludes, a cover song and the new single Moment of Glory. Initially, English composer Andrew Powell was asked to provide arrangements and Michael Kamen was designated next for the orchestral material. After the latter gave up the job in order to work with Metallica for their album "S&M", finally the Austrian arranger and conductor Christian Kolonovits proved to be the right collaborator. The "Moment of Glory" concert programme was first presented at the Hannover EXPO in June 2000, with Christian Kolonovits conducting the Berlin Philharmonic. The live performance was filmed to be released in VHS and Video CD in December 2000. In 2001, this rock-symphonic show was taken on a seven-city tour to Russia and the Baltic countries. Christian Kolonovits and Scott Lawton alternated as orchestra conductors. "Hurricane 2000", the reworking of "Rock You Like a Hurricane", was the official theme song to Sabres Hockey Network broadcasts. The title track "Moment of Glory" was the official anthem of the EXPO 2000 in Hannover, Germany. The instrumental "Deadly Sting Suite" is based on two earlier Scorpions tracks, "He's a Woman, She's a Man" and "Dynamite". The fifth track "Crossfire" repeats the main theme of the Russian song "Moscow Nights". "Here in My Heart", written by Diane Warren, was recorded by Tiffany 10 years earlier for her album "New Inside". The 5.1 surround mix on the SACD release includes an orchestra-only version of "Wind of Change" as a ghost track, which follows after approximately one minute of silence at the end of "Lady Starlight".

Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (, TDKP) is a clandestine communist party in Turkey. TDKP considers itself to be the continuation of the People's Liberation Army of Turkey (in Turkish: , THKO). The THKO Conference gathered in October 1978. It changed the name of the organisation to that of Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey - Construction Organisation (TDKP-İÖ short for "İnşa Örgütü"). The split with the pro-Soviet line of the THKO, called "Mücadelede Birlik" ('Unity in Struggle') in 1974 is also shown as its roots. Between 1976 and 1979 the followers of THKO gathered around a legal publication called "Halkın Kurtuluşu" (People's Liberation) and are often known by that name. THKO passed through two splits, "Bes Parçacılar" left in 1976 and "THKO-Aktancılar" in 1977. "Bes Parçacılar" reunited with TDKP-IÖ in 1979. The TDKP-IÖ formally founded TDKP at a congress on 2 February 1980. TDKP adhered to the political line of the Albanian Party of Labour. Since 1975 THKO published the journal "Yoldaş/Heval" (Turkish/Kurdish for "Comrade"). It was only distributed to members. After the foundation of TDKP-İÖ the journal "Devrimin Sesi" (Voice of Revolution) was published legally. The journal "Parti Bayrağı" (Flag of the Party) was another legally published monthly that appeared between 1978 and the military intervention in 1980. In the 1970s the TKHO had a legal youth organization, known as YDGD (short for "Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Association"). 1976 the GKB ("Genç Komünistler Birliği" - Union of Young Communists) was created. Like the "Emekçi Kadınlar Birliği" (Union of Female Workers) it was no legal formation. In the second half of the 1980s, TDKP was riddled with internal strife. Three factions split away from it, accusing the leadership of reformism; Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey-Socialist Unity (TDKP-SB) in 1987, Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey-Leninist Wing (TDKP-DK, also known as "Ekim" after its newspaper) in 1988 and Revolutionary Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (TDKIH) in 1989. After the fall of Socialist Albania TDKP started looking more towards establishing legal structures. "Emek Partisi" (Labour Party) was banned in March 1996 shortly after its foundation. In its place "Emeğin Partisi" (Labour Party) was founded later changing its name to "Emek Partisi" (generally called EMEP) again. TDKP is an active participant in the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations.

Overbrook High School is a comprehensive community four-year public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Pine Hill, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States, operating as the lone secondary school of the Pine Hill Schools. The high school also serves the communities of Berlin Township and Clementon through sending/receiving relationships with their respective school districts. Its colors are orange and blue. The principal of Overbrook is Adam Lee. As of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 722 students and 65.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1. There were 293 students (40.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 83 (11.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch. The school was founded as Lower Camden County Regional High School in 1939, in Lindenwold. It served students from up to ten municipalities at one point. The population soon began to grow, however, and Edgewood Regional High School (now Winslow Township High School) was founded in Winslow Township. The school took the name Overbrook Regional Senior High School in the 1950s, and joined its sister school Edgewood as part of Lower Camden County Regional High School District #1. Soon, the student population became too large for the now 60+ year old building to handle, and the current building was erected in 1969 in Pine Hill. The former building became known as Overbrook Regional Junior High School. Overcrowding again became an issue in the late 90s, as Overbrook Junior High School was serving Berlin Township, Clementon, Lindenwold, Pine Hill, and portions of Winslow Township. In 1999, each of the individual school boards voted to dissolve LCCRHSD. Lindenwold would build its own high school and take over the old junior high building to make it the district's middle school. Edgewood Regional Junior High became Winslow Township Middle School, and Edgewood Senior High became Winslow Township High School. Pine Hill would build Pine Hill Middle School in the forested area next to the school. Over the next decade, the population at Overbrook slowly faded from a high of over 1700 students to a new low of just under 800 students. After 28 years at Overbrook, Paul J. Harmelin retired as principal following the 2012–13 school year. His replacement starting in the 2013–14 school year was Don Borden. Adam Lee was hired as the Principal in July 2015. Lee was a social studies teacher and then an Assistant Principal before being named the Principal. The school was the 282nd-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in "New Jersey Monthly" magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 253rd in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 300th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 276th in 2008 out of 316 schools. The school was ranked 278th in the magazine's September 2006 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. The Overbrook High School Rams compete as a member of the Colonial Conference, which includes high schools in Camden County and Gloucester County and operates under the supervision of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 533 students in grades 10–12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2014–15 school year as South Jersey, Group II for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 496 to 778 students in that grade range. The school offers fall, winter, and spring season sports. For fall, the school offers boys'/girls' cross country, girls' tennis, boys'/girls' soccer, girls' cheerleading, girls' field hockey and boys' football. Winter sports are boys'/girls' basketball, boys'/girls' bowling, girls' dance, boys'/girls' indoor track, and boys' wrestling. For spring, there are boys'/girls' track, girls' softball, boys' tennis and boys' baseball. The boys' soccer team won the Group III state title in 1977 as co-champion with Summit High School. The wrestling team won the South Jersey Group III sectional championship in 1980 and 1981. The football team won the South Jersey Group III title in 1990 and the South Jersey Group IV title in 1998. The Overbrook Rams were undefeated in football in 1998, winning the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA) South Jersey Group IV title, defeating Shawnee High School 21–14 in a game played at Rutgers Stadium and ending the season with a perfect 12–0 record. The win marked the program's first state sectional title since they won in Group III in 1990. As of September 9, 2006, Overbrook High School's varsity football field was renamed as the Larry Mauriello Varsity Football Complex. The school and their crosstown rival, Lindenwold High School, play a traditional Thanksgiving Day football game each year. The Performing Arts at Overbrook High School is a well established program consisting of band, choir and theatre. All 3 programs combined make up about 1/3 of the entire school's population. These programs are some of the most well recognized in the state. Some recent achievements include... ***LIST***. Recent Fall Plays include – You Can't Take It with You (2009), Murder's in the Heir (2010), Noises Off! (2011), Romeo and Juliet (2012), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (2013) Recent Spring Musicals include – Little Shop of Horrors (2007), Guys and Dolls (2008), The Pirates of Penzance (2009), Once on This Island (2010), Les Miserables (2011), Pippin (2012), Beauty and the Beast (2013), and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (2014) The Performing Arts Program has helped Overbrook to become a "Choice School" for the Performing Arts for the 2013–14 school year.

Spring Grove Hospital Center, formerly known as Spring Grove State Hospital, is a psychiatric hospital located in the Baltimore, Maryland suburb of Catonsville. Founded in 1797, Spring Grove Mental Hospital is the second oldest continuously operating psychiatric hospital in the United States. Today, the hospital operates 377 beds and has approximately 800 admissions and discharges a year. Service lines include adult and adolescent acute psychiatric admissions, long term inpatient care, medical-psychiatric hospitalization, forensic evaluation services, inpatient psychiatric research, and assisted living services. The facility is owned and operated by the State of Maryland and is the location of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center which is renowned for its research into the causes of, and best treatments for, schizophrenia. Founded in 1797, Spring Grove is the nation's second-oldest psychiatric hospital. Only the Eastern State Hospital which was founded in 1773 in Williamsburg, Virginia, is older. In its long history it has been variously known as The Baltimore Hospital, The Maryland Hospital, The Maryland Hospital for the Insane, and finally as The Spring Grove Hospital Center. Originally built as a hospital to care for Yellow Fever for the indigent away from the city, as the Maryland Hospital. In 1840 the hospital expanded to exclusively care for the mentally ill. In 1873, the buildings were torn down as the facility relocated to Sping Hill. The original site is now home to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The present site was purchased in 1852 by which time the original buildings had become inadequate. Dr. Richard Sprigg Steuart, then President of the Board and Medical Superintendent, managed to obtain authorization and funding from the Maryland General Assembly for the construction of the new facility at Spring Grove. In co-operation with the social reformer Dorothea Dix, who in 1852 gave an impassioned speech to the Maryland legislature, Steuart chaired the committee that selected the Hospital's present site in Catonsville, and he personally contributed $1,000 towards the purchase of the land. The cost of purchasing of land for the hospital was $14,000, of which $12,340 was raised through private contributions, with Steuart himself personally contributing $1,000, a very large sum at the time. The purchase was completed in 1853, but construction of the new buildings was delayed by the Civil War, and the hospital was not finally completed until 1872, when it was described by one contemporary as "one of the largest and best appointed Insane Asylums in the United States". Steuart's brother, Major General George H. Steuart, had two sons who suffered from mental illness, and it is possible that this was one of the causes of Steuart's particular interest in Spring Grove Hospital and the treatment of mental illness. Steuart's building (known at various times as "The Main Building", "The Center Building" or "The Administration Building,") remained the main hospital facility for almost 100 years. In 2014, Baltimore County plans on subdividing the hospital campus in order to create an 8.8 acre regional park for the Catonsville community. Additional plans include expansion of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County campus south of Wilkens Avenue to the Spring Grove campus, where the university still has the rights to a portion of the property.

Omar T. Jacobs (born March 3, 1984) is an American football quarterback who is a free agent. He played college football at Bowling Green and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Jacobs has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles, Kansas City Chiefs, Florence Phantoms, San Jose Wolves, Jacksonville Sharks and Wichita Falls Nighthawks. Jacobs graduated from Atlantic Community High School in Delray Beach, Florida. His senior year (2002), he led his team to Florida's state semifinals, throwing for 300 yards and three touchdowns in a loss. He was also awarded Palm Beach County player of the year honors and 2nd team All-State honors. In 2004, his sophomore season, Jacobs set the record for the best touchdown-to-interception ratio in NCAA Division I-A history (10.25:1). In 2005, Jacobs was expected to contend for the Heisman Trophy, awarded to the year's best college football player, but an injury to his non-throwing shoulder considerably reduced his productivity. Jacobs skipped his senior season at Bowling Green to enter the NFL draft. Jacobs left Bowling Green State University as the school's all-time leader in touchdown passes (71) and third in career passing yards (6,938). ***LIST***. He was selected in the fifth round of the 2006 NFL Draft, with the 164th overall pick, by the Pittsburgh Steelers. At the end of the preseason, he was sent to the practice squad. Jacobs was released from the practice squad and cut from the team following training camp. On February 12, 2007, he was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs and allocated to NFL Europe where he was to play for the Berlin Thunder. However, prior to the start of the season, Jacobs was injured and spent the entire preseason on injured reserve. He was cut by the Chiefs on September 2. Before the Florence Phantoms 2008 season, Jacobs was signed to the roster where he would be the starting quarterback. Jacobs completed 208-362 passes for over 3,000 yards with 56 touchdowns and 12 interceptions to lead the Phantoms to their first ever AIFA Championship Bowl win. He also won the AIFA Championship Bowl II MVP Award, and the AIFA League MVP Award. Jacobs had planned to move to the Arena Football League to play for the Tampa Bay Storm for the 2009 season, but when the AFL was canceled, he returned to Florence. In 2010, Jacobs signed with the Jacksonville Sharks of the Arena Football League. He didn't see any playing time in 2010, and in 2011, he spent the season as the backup to Aaron Garcia. He would return in 2012 to compete with Chris Leak for the starting quarterback spot.

The Bahnaric languages are a group of about thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700,000 people in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Paul Sidwell notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Bahnaric and Katuic languages the closer they are geographically, independently of which branch of the family they belong to, but that Bahnaric and Katuic do not have any shared innovations that would suggest that together they form a branch of the Austroasiatic family. Internal diversity suggests that the family broke up about 3000 years ago. North Bahnaric is characterized by a register contrast between breathy and modal voice, which in Sedang has tensed to become modal–creaky voice. Lamam is a clan name of the neighboring Tampuon and Kaco’. Sidwell (2009) tentatively classifies the Bahnaric languages into four branches, with Cua (Kor) classified independently as East Bahnaric. Unclassified Bahnaric languages of Cambodia include Mel, Khaonh, Ra’ong, and Thmon. ***LIST***. North Bahnaric consists of a dialect chain spoken to the north of the Chamic languages. Sedang and Hre have the most speakers, each with about 100,000. Other Northern Bahnaric languages, too poorly known to classify further, are Duan and Katua. West Bahnaric is a dialect chain to the west of North Bahnaric, Unlike the other Bahnaric languages to the east, the West Bahnaric languages were under Khmer rather than Chamic influence, and also by the Katuic languages as part of a Katuic-West Bahnaric sprachbund (Sidwell 2003). ***LIST***. Sidwell (2003) proposes the following West Bahnaric groupings, with Lavi branching off first, Jru'/Laven, Su', and Juk as forming a branch that had branched off secondarily, and the rest within a core group. Jru' and Brao each have tens of thousands of speakers, while the other languages have no more than 1,000 speakers each. ***LIST***. Central Bahnaric is a language family divided by the Chamic languages, Bahnar, Mnong, and Sre (Koho) each have over 100,000 speakers. ***LIST***. Kassang is a Bahnaric language (Sidwell 2003), though "Ethnologue" lists it as Katuic. Sidwell (2002, quoted in Sidwell 2003) gives the following classification for the Central Bahnaric languages. Note that Sidwell (2009) later classifies Cua as an independent branch, namely East Bahnaric. ***LIST***.

Brokedown Palace is a 1999 American drama film directed by Jonathan Kaplan, and starring Claire Danes, Kate Beckinsale, Bill Pullman and Lim Kay Tong. It deals with two American friends imprisoned in Thailand for drug smuggling. Because it presents a critical view of the Thai legal system, most scenes were filmed in the Philippines; however, some panoramas and views were filmed in Bangkok. Its title is taken from a Grateful Dead song written by Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter from their 1970 album "American Beauty". Lifelong best friends Alice Marano and Darlene Davis take a trip after graduating from high school, giving their parents the impression that they're going to Hawaii. However, Alice talks Darlene into going to Thailand instead, after comparing the prices of both destinations. Darlene agrees, albeit with some reluctance. Once in Thailand, they meet a captivating Australian man who calls himself Nick Parks. Darlene is particularly smitten with Nick and convinces Alice to take Nick up on his offer to treat the two of them to what amounts to a day trip to Hong Kong. At the airport, the girls are seized by the police and shocked to discover that one of their bags contains heroin. The two girls are interrogated by the Thai police and Darlene signs a confession written in Thai, which she foolishly thinks is her verbatim statement. At their trial, they beg for mercy and are given a lenient 33-year sentence instead of the usual life sentence in prison. In prison, the girls are advised to seek out Henry Greene, aka "Yankee Hank", an expatriate American attorney living in Thailand. As the girls try to deal with the violence and squalor of prison, Hank begins work on their case. He tracks down another girl who had been used as an unwitting drug mule by Nick Parks, but is warned that the smuggler has friends in high places. Hank arranges a deal with a corrupt prosecutor whereby the girls will receive a clemency if they confess to having lied about Parks' involvement. However, the prosecutor reneges on the deal after the girls confess. Desperate, and realizing that Darlene will not survive their time in prison, Alice begs the King of Thailand to allow her to serve both of their sentences in exchange for letting Darlene go. The deal is accepted and Darlene is released, where she promises to continue working with Hank to try and free Alice. In 1998, just after the filming of "Brokedown Palace" in Manila, Danes was quoted in "Vogue" as saying that Manila was a "ghastly and weird city". She further remarked in "Premiere" that the city "smelled of cockroaches, with rats all over and that there is no sewage system and the people do not have anything—no arms, no legs, no eyes". Kim Atienza, son of then Mayor of Manila Lito Atienza, responded to the comments by saying, "Those are irresponsible, bigoted and sweeping statements that we cannot accept". Her films were subsequently banned from being screened in the Philippines. Joseph Estrada, then President of the Philippines, condemned her publicly, and she was declared persona non grata. "Brokedown Palace" received negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film "Rotten", with only 31% of 35 critics giving positive reviews, summarizing that the movie "lacks credibility and tension". Roger Ebert however gave the film three out of four stars, saying "The heart of the film is in the performances of Danes and Beckinsale". The film underperformed at the box office, failing to make back even half of its $25 million budget.

The Hồng Bàng period (Vietnamese: "thời kỳ Hồng Bàng"), also called the Hồng Bàng dynasty, was a period in Vietnamese history spanning from the political union in 2879 BC of many tribes of the northern Red River Valley to the conquest by An Dương Vương in 258 BC. Vietnamese chronicles from the 15th century, namely the Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư claim that the period began with Kinh Dương Vương as the first Hùng king (), a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Vietnamese rulers of this period. The Hùng king was the absolute monarch of the country (then known as Xích Quỷ and later Văn Lang) and, at least in theory, wielded complete control of the land and its resources. Archaeological record of such kings in the 3rd millennium BC is lacking. The history of the Hồng Bàng epoch occurred in a series of eighteen Hùng king dynasties, divided by cultural periods. The Hùng king period was thriving along with the water-rice civilization in the Red River Delta, throughout most of the Bronze Age. Numerous wars were fought in the late stage of the period. The history of the Hồng Bàng period is split according to the ruling dynasty of each Hùng king. The dating of events is still a subject of research. The conservative dates are not supported by any reliable absolute date for a span of about two and a half millennia. The following is the list including the Bronze Age cultures: ***LIST***. The Vietnamese name is the reading of Chinese characters "" assigned to this dynasty in early Vietnamese-written histories in Chinese. The meaning is a mythical giant bird. Vietnam, a country situated along the eastern coast of mainland Southeast Asia, has had a long and turbulent history. The Vietnamese people represent a fusion of races, languages, and cultures, the elements of which are still being sorted out by ethnologists, linguists, and archaeologists. The Vietnamese language provides some clues to the cultural mixture of the Vietnamese people. The area now known as Vietnam has been inhabited since Paleolithic times, with some archaeological sites in Thanh Hóa Province, reportedly dating back around half a million years ago. The prehistoric people had lived continuously in local caves since around 6000 BC, until more advanced material cultures developed. Some caves are known to have been the home of many generations of early humans. As northern Vietnam was a place with mountains, forests, and rivers, the number of tribes grew between 5000 and 3000 BC. Prior to the beginning of the Hồng Bàng period, the land was settled by autonomous villages. Vietnamese predynastic society was anarchic and did not have any management mechanism. They lived together in groups as tribes. Archaeologists have found many images on the wall of caves which showed the daily living of ancient people. During a few thousands years in the Late Stone Age, the inhabitant populations grew and spread to every part of Vietnam. Most ancient peoples were living near the Hồng (Red), Cả and Mã rivers. The Vietnamese tribes were the primary tribes at this time. Their territory included modern meridional territories of China to the banks of the Hồng River in the northern territory of Vietnam. Centuries of developing a civilization and economy based on the cultivation of irrigated rice encouraged the development of tribal states and communal settlements A significant political event occurred when Lộc Tục came into power. He consolidated the other tribes and succeeded in grouping all the vassal states (or autonomous communities) within his territory into a unified nation in approximately 2879 BC. Lộc Tục proclaimed himself Kinh Dương Vương and called his newly born nation Xích Quỷ. Lộc Tục inaugurated the earliest monarchical regime as well as the first ruling family by heirdom in Vietnam's history. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Hùng kings, as the founding father of Vietnam, and as a Vietnamese cultural hero who is credited with teaching his people how to cultivate rice. As rule was passed to the Hùng king's male heirs, Kinh Dương Vương was succeeded by his son Lạc Long Quân, who founded the second dynasty of Hùng kings in c. 2793 BC. Starting from the third Hùng dynasty since c. 2524 BC, the kingdom was renamed Văn Lang, and the capital was set up at Phong Châu (in modern Việt Trì, Phú Thọ) at the juncture of three rivers where the Red River Delta begins from the foot of the mountains. The evidence that the Vietnamese knew how to calculate the lunar calendar by carving on stones dates back to 2200–2000 BC. Parallel lines were carved on the stone tools as a counting instrument involving the lunar calendar. The process of making silk has had been known by the Vietnamese since 2000 BC. The tidal irrigation of rice fields through an elaborate system of canals and dikes started by the sixth century BC. The Hùng ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty led the armies to conquer what is modern-day Nghệ An and Hà Tĩnh Provinces. A rival people, the proto-Cham people based in modern-day Quảng Bình Province, resisted and a clash between the two sides was inevitable. The Hùng forces defeated the proto-Chams, annexing the land. The Hồng Bàng epoch ended in the middle of the third century BC on the advent of the military leader Thục Phán's conquest of Văn Lang, dethroning the last Hùng king. Thục Phán (An Dương Vương), the ruler of the neighboring upland Âu Việt tribes, overthrew the last Hùng king in c. 258 BC. After conquering Văn Lang, Thục Phán united the Lạc Việt tribes with the Âu Việt ones to form a new kingdom of Âu Lạc, building his capital and citadel, Cổ Loa Citadel in Hanoi's Dong Anh district. The Lạc lords maintained their feudal influence long after demise of the Hồng Bàng era. These feudal lords faded into history only after the defeat of the Trưng Sisters in mid 1st-century AD. The first Hùng King established the first Vietnamese state in response to the needs of co-operation in constructing hydraulic systems and in struggles against their enemies. This was a very primitive form of a sovereign state with the Hùng king on top and under him a court consisted of advisors - the "lạc hầu". The country was composed of fifteen bộ "regions", each ruled by a "lạc tướng"; usually the lạc tướng was a member of the Hùng kings' family. Bộ comprised the agricultural hamlets and villages based on a matriarchal clan relationship and headed by a "bộ chính", usually a male tribal elder. The eastern border of the country was the Pacific Ocean. Originally, the northern border stretched to the southern part of present-day Hunan, and the southern border stretched to the Cả River, including parts of modern Guangxi, Guangdong and Northern Vietnam. Faced with China's southward expansions, beginning in the early first millennium BC, Văn Lang gradually lost its northern territory; and by around 500 BC, its northern border was equivalent to that of the modern Vietnam state. However, simultaneously, the Hùng kings sought to expand Văn Lang's borders southward. During the last (Eighteenth) dynasty of Hùng kings, the southern border extended to northern parts of modern-day Quảng Bình Province. The economy was based mainly on rice paddy cultivation, and also included handicrafts, hunting and gathering, husbandry and fishing. Especially, the skill of bronze casting was at a high level. The most famous relics are Đông Sơn Bronze Drums on which are depicted houses, clothing, customs, habits, and cultural activities of the Hùng era. The Hùng Vươngs ruled Văn Lang in feudal fashion with the aid of the Lạc Tướng, who controlled the communal settlements around each irrigated area, organized construction and maintenance of the dikes, and regulated the supply of water. Besides cultivating rice, the people of Văn Lang grew other grains and beans and raised stock, mainly buffaloes, chickens, and pigs. Pottery-making and bamboo-working were highly developed crafts, as were basketry, leather-working, and the weaving of hemp, jute, and silk. Both transport and communication were provided by dugout canoes, which plied the network of rivers and canals. The period between the end of the third millennium and the middle of the first millennium BC produced increasingly sophisticated pottery of the pre-Dong Son cultures of northern Viet Nam and the pre-Sa Huỳnh cultures of southern Vietnam. This period saw the appearance of wheel-made pottery, although the use of the paddle and anvil remained significant in manufacture. Vessel surfaces are usually smooth, often polished, and red slipping is common. Cord-marking is present in all cultures and forms a fairly high percentage of sherdage. Complex incised decoration also developed with rich ornamental designs, and it is on the basis of incised decoration that Vietnamese archaeologists distinguish the different cultures and phases one from another. The pottery from the successive cultural developments in the Red River Valley is the most well known. Vietnamese archaeologists here discern three pre-Dong Son cultures: Phùng Nguyên, Đồng Đậu, and Gò Mun. The pottery of these three cultures, despite the use of different decorative styles, has features that suggest a continuity of cultural development in the Red River Valley. In the Ma River Valley in Thanh Hóa Province, Vietnamese archaeologists also recognize three pre-Dong Son periods of cultural development: Con Chan Tien, Dong Khoi (Bai Man) and Quy Chu. In the areas stretching from the Red to the Cả River valleys, all the local cultures eventually developed into the Đông Sơn culture, which expanded over an area much larger than that of any previous culture and Vietnamese archaeologists believe that it had multiple regional sources. For instance, while Đông Sơn bronzes are much the same in different regions of northern Viet Nam, the regional characters of the pottery are fairly marked. On the whole, Đông Sơn pottery has a high firing temperature and is varied in form, but decorative patterns are much reduced in comparison with preceding periods, and consist mainly of impressions from cord-wrapped or carved paddles. Incised decoration is virtually absent. By about 1200 BC., the development of wet-rice cultivation and bronze casting in the Mã River and Red River plains led to the development of the Đông Sơn culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. The bronze weapons, tools, and drums of Đông Sơn sites show a Southeast Asian influence that indicates an indigenous origin for the bronze-casting technology. Many small, ancient copper mine sites have been found in northern Vietnam. Some of the similarities between the Đông Sơn sites and other Southeast Asian sites include the presence of boat-shaped coffins and burial jars, stilt dwellings, and evidence of the customs of betel-nut-chewing and teeth-blackening. An important advancement occurred by the 6th century BC: the irrigation of rice fields (lac dien) through an elaborate system of canals and dikes. This type of sophisticated farming system would come to define Vietnamese society. It required tight-knit village communities to collectively manage their irrigation systems. These systems in turn produced crop yields that could sustain much higher population densities than competing methods of food production.

Mu Pegasi (μ Pegasi, abbreviated Mu Peg, μ Peg), also named Sadalbari, is a star in the northern constellation of Pegasus. The apparent visual magnitude of this star is 3.5, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye even on a moonlit night. The distance to this star can be determined with parallax measurements, which yields a value of from the Sun. "μ Pegasi" (Latinised to "Mu Pegasi") is the star's Bayer designation. It bore the traditional name "Sadalbari", which derives from the Arabic term for "luck star of the splendid one". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalogue and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN approved the name "Sadalbari" for this star on 21 August 2016 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names. The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of G8 III. The luminosity class of 'III' means that it has exhausted the hydrogen fuel at its core and evolved into a giant star. It is slightly more massive than the Sun, but has expanded to nearly ten times the Sun's radius. (Mishenina et al. (2006) list it with an estimated 2.7 times the mass of the Sun.) The effective temperature of the outer atmosphere is about 4,950 K, which is cooler than the Sun and gives it the yellow hue of a G-type star. The abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium, what astronomers term the metallicity, is similar to the abundance in the Sun.

"Always Have Always Will" is a single by Swedish pop band Ace of Base. Heavily inspired by the Motown sound of the mid-1960s, the intro samples the intros from the Supremes track "Where Did Our Love Go" and the Four Tops track "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)". It was co-written by Jonas Berggren with Mike Chapman. The song was originally titled "Killer on the Rampage" and contained different lyrics. When the song was pitched as a potential song for the upcoming Flowers/Cruel Summer album, Arista records liked the melody; however, requested that the lyrics be rewritten. The song was released from the album "Flowers" in many parts of the world, but at different times. ***LIST***. The video to the song was directed by the band members themselves. It used footage from recording sessions, concerts and appearances of the band all across the world. "Love For Sale" is an Ace of Base B-side from their third European album "Flowers". It was included in the maxi single of "Always Have Always Will" from 1998 in Australia, Sweden and later in the UK. Originally planned to be in the final track list of the "Flowers" album, it is a dance song written by Jonas Berggren and sung by Jenny and Malin Berggren about prostitutes' life in the city.

Scott Milross Buchanan,(March 17, 1895 – March 25, 1968) was an American philosopher, educator, and foundation consultant. He is best known as the founder of the Great Books program at St. John's College, at Annapolis, Maryland. Buchanan's various projects and writings may be understood as an ambitious program of social and cultural reform based on the insight that many crucial problems arise from the uncritical use of symbolism. In this sense, his program was similar to and competed with a number of contemporary movements such as Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics, Otto Neurath's "Unity of Science" project, the semiotics of Charles Morris and the "orthological" projects of Charles Kay Ogden. Buchanan collaborated with the latter effort for a number of years. Buchanan's own program, however, differed from these generally empiricist, positivist, or pragmatist movements by stressing what he saw as the need for reforms in the mathematical symbolism employed in modern science. Buchanan's first book, published in 1927, stated that science is "the greatest body of uncriticized dogma we have today" and even likened science to the "Black Arts". For the rest of his career, Buchanan pondered ways to mitigate the variety of threats to humanity that he perceived in the unmanaged and unsupervised growth of modern science and technology. Buchanan was born in Sprague, Washington and was raised in Jeffersonville, Vermont. He received his undergraduate degree from Amherst College in 1916, majoring in Greek and mathematics. After serving in the Navy during the final year of World War I, he studied philosophy at Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes scholar between 1919 and 1921. He continued his studies in philosophy at Harvard University and received his doctorate in 1925. During his undergraduate years, Buchanan became personally close to Amherst's president Alexander Meiklejohn and was strongly influenced by Meiklejohn's ideas about educational reform. This continuing interest led Buchanan in 1925 to accept a position as Assistant Director of the People's Institute, an affiliate of the Cooper Union in New York City that was dedicated to adult education and other forms of cultural enrichment for the city's workers and immigrants. It was there that Buchanan met Mortimer Adler and Richard McKeon, and the three of them conceived an ambitious program for reviving American education and democracy through mass training in the traditional liberal arts by means of the Socratic method and the Great Books curriculum. Buchanan spent the next twenty years struggling to establish an institutional base for this radical vision. Buchanan's initial efforts at the People's Institute were followed by his establishment of the Great Books "Virginia Program" at the University of Virginia, where Buchanan was a Professor of Philosophy between 1929 and 1936. He was then invited to the University of Chicago by its president Robert Maynard Hutchins in order to help form a "Committee on Liberal Arts" in association with Buchanan's former People's Institute associates Adler and McKeon. However, this effort failed almost immediately due to philosophical differences and academic politics. Fortunately, another opportunity quickly arose in the form of St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, a venerable institution with a heritage that reaches back to the colonial period, but which by 1936 had nevertheless lost its accreditation and was in desperate need of reorganization. In 1937, the trustees invited Buchanan and his associate Stringfellow Barr to make a fresh start. With Barr as president and Buchanan as dean, the two men reorganized the school that year around the Great Books "New Program". This radical new curriculum quickly achieved national fame and survives today. It is the achievement for which Buchanan is primarily remembered. Buchanan left St. John's College in 1947 after a successful but disillusioning legal struggle with the U.S. Navy, which had been trying to seize the St. John's campus as part of a plan to enlarge the nearby United States Naval Academy. After spending the next two years directing Liberal Arts, Inc., a failed venture to create a Great Books-based college in Massachusetts, Buchanan's democratic vision for the revival of the liberal arts turned from the academic to the political arena. Except for a brief period in 1956 and 1957, when he was a visiting lecturer at Princeton University and also served as chairman of the Religion and Philosophy Departments at Fisk University, he held no more positions in academic institutions. In 1948 Buchanan worked actively in the Progressive Party presidential campaign of Henry Wallace, and for several years afterwards was consultant, trustee, and secretary of the Foundation for World Government. In 1957 Buchanan accepted an invitation by Robert Maynard Hutchins to become a senior fellow at Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, a liberal political think tank in Santa Barbara, California. Buchanan remained at the Center for the rest of his career, and one of the projects to which he contributed was the Center's efforts to publicize the work of Jacques Ellul in the English-speaking world. Buchanan died in Santa Barbara in 1968. He was survived by his widow, the former Miriam Damon Thomas, and their son Douglas. Buchanan's first book was "Possibility", published in 1927 as part of C. K. Ogden's "The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method". This work was published simultaneously in the same series with Mortimer Adler's own first book "Dialectic", and each book refers to the other. John Dewey praised "Possibility" as a "significant intellectual achievement". His second book, "Poetry and Mathematics", was published in 1929 by The John Day Company. Developed from materials for Buchanan's lectures at the People's Institute, this book was recognized by Richard McKeon, who had studied medieval philosophy under Étienne Gilson, as a rediscovery of the medieval trivium and quadrivium. This insight of McKeon's, wrote Buchanan in 1961, is what led to the "radical reform of teaching and learning in a small province of the modern academy" for which Buchanan is remembered today. The American philosopher Morris Cohen praised "Poetry and Mathematics" as "an admirable piece of work." "Symbolic Distance in Relation to Analogy and Fiction", Buchanan's third book, appeared in London in 1932 as part of Ogden's "Psyche Miniatures" series. Part of it had been published earlier in "Psyche", the journal of Ogden's Orthological Institute. Although Buchanan later claimed that this work was inspired by a year's study of the English logician George Boole, it does not mention Boole. Rather, "Symbolic Distance" was obviously written in collaboration with Ogden's investigation of the linguistic theories of Jeremy Bentham, and Ogden cites "Symbolic Distance" in his own book "Bentham's Theory of Fictions". This is the first of Buchanan's books to mention the medieval trivium and quadrivium. Buchanan's fourth book, "The Doctrine of Signatures: A Defence of Theory in Medicine" appeared in New York, in 1938, also (like "Possibility") as part of Ogden's "International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method". A portion of the first chapter had appeared earlier in the 1934 issue of "Psyche", under the title "Introduction to Medieval Orthology". "Truth in the Sciences" was completed by Buchanan in 1950 under contract to the "Encyclopædia Britannica" for a project that never materialized. The manuscript was published posthumously in book form by the University of Virginia in 1972. Buchanan's final book, "Essay in Politics", was published in 1953 by the Philosophical Library in New York. Stemming from his involvement with the 1948 Wallace campaign and later with the Foundation for World Government, Buchanan reflects on the problems of political representation and democracy that are posed by technology and industrialization. Buchanan continued to work on these ideas during his years at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions.

The "La Penca bombing" refers to a bomb attack on May 30, 1984, in the guerrilla outpost of La Penca in Nicaragua, near the Costa Rican border. The bomb attack occurred during a press conference being conducted by Edén Pastora, a Contra leader, who is presumed to have been the target. Seven people, including three journalists, were killed in the attack. A press conference had been arranged in the guerrilla outpost of La Penca by Edén Pastora, a former Sandinista who had switched allegiance to the Contra rebels. The press conference took place in an enclosed hut on stilts near the northern bank of the San Juan River that separates Costa Rica from Nicaragua. The press conference had been convened by contra officials in the Costa Rican capital of San José, and the journalists arrived to La Penca in the middle of the night after a traveling all day over land and by canoe from San José. Because of the late hour, Pastora initially asked that the press conference commence in the morning, but as the reporters began peppering the guerrilla leader with questions an impromptu press conference began as the reporters and television news crews gathered with Pastora around a chest-high table situated in the main room of the hut. The bomb is believed to have been hidden in an aluminum camera case, and planted by an individual carrying a stolen Danish passport. According to witnesses, the bomber used the name Per Anker Hansen and claimed he was a Danish photographer. Afterwards, bombing survivors commented that they found it odd that "Hansen" had so zealouly guarded his "camera equipment", wrapping the unwieldy aluminum box in plastic. "Hansen" is believed to have deposited the camera case containing the bomb underneath the table. News footage later showed the suspected bomber gesturing to his camera as if to indicate an equipment malfunction as a pretext to leave the room. The bomber is suspected to have detonated the bomb remotely using a walky-talky signal as a detonator. Seconds after "Hansen" left the room, an explosion ripped through the hut, leaving the injured and dying crying out in pain and calling for help in sudden darkness. Those killed in the bombing were an American journalist, Linda Frazier; a Costa Rican cameraman, Jorge Quiros; his assistant, Evelio Sequeira, and one rebel. The bomb attempt also seriously injured Pastora in both legs. About a dozen others were seriously injured. The bombing led to an investigation by Tony Avirgan (an American journalist injured in the bombing) and his wife Martha Honey, and they concluded that the CIA was responsible. In 1986 the Christic Institute filed a $24M lawsuit on their behalf against several individuals all associated with Oliver North; including Rob Owen, John Hull, Richard Secord, Albert Hakim, and Thomas Clines. However the case was thrown out in June 1988 and the Christic Institute was ordered to pay approximately $1 million in costs to the defendants. In 1990 the Government of Costa Rica accused the CIA of orchestrating the bombing using two intermediaries. Charges of murder were laid against Felipe Vidal, a Cuban-American, and John Hull, an American farmer who lived in Costa Rica at the time and who had been previously named in the Christic Institute lawsuit. In 1993, "Miami Herald" reporter Juan Tamayo and Doug Vaughn, a free-lance journalist working for the Christic Institute, established the identity of the alleged bomber to be an Argentine lefitist named Vital Roberto Gaguine, who worked with the Sandinista militia in the early 1980s. Tamayo got a tip from a former member of Argentina's People's Revolutionary Army, who defected and was living in Europe, and who recognized news photographs of "Per Anker Hansen" to be a former member of the leftist group. Around the same time, Vaughn unearthed a photo of "Hansen" along with a right thumb print from Panamanian government files. Argentine journalists obtained fingerprints of Gaguine from Argentine authorities and Vaughn and Tamayo took the two sets of prints to a fingerprint expert in Miami who found a perfect match. Vaughn showed newsphotos of Gaguine to the alleged bomber's brother and father who confirmed the identification. According to Argentine journalists cited by Tamayo, Gaguine was among a group of guerrillas who died in an attack on the Argentine military base of La Tablada in 1989. However, in 2008, Costa Rica's chief prosecutor who saw Gaguine's file in Buenos Aires said that Argentine authorities never made a positive identification of Gaguine's body and that the case remains open. The association between the perpetrator and the FSLN led Tamayo, to conclude that the Sandinistas were solely responsible. In an article in "The Nation", Tony Avirgan concurred. In 2009, Swedish journalist and La Penca survivor Peter Torbiörnsson broke 25 years of silence to reveal that he knew in advance of "Hansen's" connection to the Sandinistas. He reports he was introduced to the bomber in Managua by the Chief of Sandinista Intelligence, a Cuban named Renan Montero. Torbiörnsson took "Hansen" under his wing and provided journalistic cover as the two traveled throughout northern Costa Rica in search of Pastora. The Swede, who admitted sympathy with the Sandinista cause, said he suspected his travel companion was a spy, but he had no idea he was an assassin. Even as journalists and news organizations spent years trying to crack the La Penca mystery, Torbiörnsson kept silent about his knowledge of the bomber's Sandinista connection. But tormented by the idea that he had been used as an unwitting accomplice to a terrorist attack, Torbiörnsson finally broke his silence by traveling to Managua in January, 2009 to present an accusation before Nicaraguan police authorities pointing to Montero, former Sandinista Minister of Interior Comandante Tomás Borge and Lenín Cerna, ex-chief of state security as intellectual authors of the attack. In 2011, Torbiörnsson released a documentary film, "Last Chapter, Goodbye Nicaragua", which premiered in the DocsBarcelona international film festival, renewing his accusation that Sandinista leaders Borge, Cerna, and Montero ordered the bombing. Torbiörnsson also claimed that Nicaraguan president Daniel Ortega admitted to him, five years after the attack, that the bombing had been orchestrated by his government, but that Ortega later chose to cover it up and buy Edén Pastora's silence and cooperation in exchange for a position within the second Sandinista administration.

The Hotel Imperial, also known as The Imperial, is a five-star luxury hotel in Vienna, Austria. It is located on the Ringstraße at Kärntner Ring 16. The Hotel Imperial's façade is in the Italian Neo-Renaissance style. The top of the building contains a stone balustrade that frames allegorical animals from the Württemberg coat of arms. The main entrance portal contains four statues that are also symbolic. The original portal was wide enough for a two-horse-drawn carriage. The hotel's interior furnishings highlight the nineteenth-century Viennese elegance with ornate marble, hand-carved statues, and massive crystal chandeliers. In the lobby, the Royal Staircase leads up to suites and rooms that are also illuminated by magnificent chandeliers hanging from the high stucco ceilings. The hotel's private balconies offer views of the "Altstadt" skyline. The building was designed by architect Arnold Zenetti and built under the direction of Heinrich Adam in 1863. Initially, it was planned as the city palace ("Stadtpalais") and residence of Duke Philipp of Württemberg (1838–1917) and his wife Maria Theresa (1845–1927), "née" Archduchess of Austria; its original name was Palais Württemberg. The Duke and the Duchess, however, did not enjoy their new home for long. After moving there in 1866, they sold it five years later. For the 1873 Vienna World's Fair, the palace was converted into a hotel. In 1928, two stories were added, but the original architecture is still very much in evidence and is an integral part of the luxurious atmosphere. Over the years, the Hotel Imperial has had numerous famous guests, including Queen Elizabeth II and Charlie Chaplin. Dignitaries and royalty from around the world have stayed at the Imperial. It has had some infamous guests as well. Adolf Hitler, who worked at the hotel as a day laborer during his youthful period as a virtual tramp in Vienna, returned as an honored guest following the 1938 Anschluss. Benito Mussolini stayed at the hotel during World War II with considerably less fanfare, being shepherded through the back door on September 13, 1943, following his spectacular rescue by German paratroopers in Unternehmen Eiche ("Operation Oak"). The Imperial was acquired by Compagnia Italiana Grandi Alberghi (CIGA) after Prince Karim Aga Khan acquired the company in 1985 and began expanding its presence—which was purely Italian up to that time—into Spain and Austria. In 1994, the Starwood Hotels and Resorts took over CIGA and transformed it into its brand, The Luxury Collection, an assemblage of historic and venerable hotels in Europe that includes the Imperial. The Imperial was partly owned before the war by a Jew, Samuel Schallinger, who was forced to sell in 1938 and died in 1942 at the Theresienstadt camp near Prague. Simon Wiesenthal, a Jewish Austrian survivor of the Nazi death camps who dedicated his life to documenting the crimes of the Holocaust, celebrated his 90th birthday at the Hotel Imperial in 1998 with a kosher dinner party. “Look, even the chandeliers are shaking,” said Wiesenthal at the dinner. “Hitler is gone. The Nazis are no more. But we are still here, singing and dancing.” Today, the Hotel Imperial is, perhaps, Vienna's most exclusive five-star hotel. Guests of state typically stay at the hotel, such as the Emperor and Empress of Japan on their visit in 2002. Marjana Gaponenko's novel "Who is Martha?" (New Vessel Press, 2014) is set in the Hotel Imperial. Its protagonist, a 96-year-old ornithologist, checks into the Elisabeth Suite, where he lives his last days in luxury, befriending hotel staff and guests. A speciality of the hotel is the Imperial cake, known as the Imperial Torte, which is a marzipan and chocolate torte. It is based on a recipe that is said to have been created by an apprentice cook who fashioned it when Emperor Franz Joseph opened the hotel in 1873. The confection comes in either a plain pinewood box or a cardboard box (for shipments), each containing a single torte or a group of small tortes. The tortes vary in size, from ones that are the size of an individually-wrapped candy to others that are the size of a small cake (approximately six inches or fifteen centimeters). A complimentary torte box is provided to each guest room, and additional boxes can be ordered from the hotel for shipment. Nowadays, torte boxes are sold alongside other Imperial products, such as tea leaves and coffee beans (labelled "Imperial Teas and Coffee"), and other varieties of chocolate confections. The Imperial ships its products worldwide, since the chocolates maintain freshness for two months.

Deron Roger Johnson (July 17, 1938 – April 23, 1992) was an American professional baseball player. Born in San Diego, California, he played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball as an infielder, outfielder, and designated hitter for the New York Yankees, Kansas City & Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, Boston Red Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Milwaukee Brewers during his 15-year major league career. He later served as a coach for 13 seasons with the California Angels (1979–80; 1989–92), New York Mets (1981), Philadelphia Phillies (1982–84), Seattle Mariners (1985–86), and Chicago White Sox (1987). Johnson was serving as a coach with California when he was diagnosed with lung cancer, which claimed his life on April 23, 1992, at the age of 53. Deron Johnson first appeared in a major league game on September 20, 1960. The 22-year-old was called upon to pinch hit in the ninth inning of a 1-1 tie between New York and Washington, facing Senators southpaw Hal Woodeshick. Mickey Mantle flied out to right and Bill Skowron doubled. Johnson advanced Skowron to third with a flyout to center. The Yankees won 2-1 in the 11th. He got his first two career hits on October 2, 1960 in the Yankees' last game of the regular season, an 8-7 win over the Red Sox at Yankee Stadium. Johnson batted twice in the game—the first resulted in a fifth-inning double off Red Sox pitcher Jerry Casale, and in the seventh he singled off Arnold Earley. Johnson's contract was purchased from Kansas City by the Cincinnati Reds on April 5, 1963. Playing for Triple-A San Diego, he topped the Pacific Coast League with 33 home runs, tied for fifth with 91 RBI, and was picked as first baseman on the PCL All-Star team. 1964 was his first full season in the major leagues with the Reds where he posted a .273 average with 21 home runs and 79 runs batted in. The 1965 season with the Cincinnati Reds was one of his best during his career. Along with Frank Robinson, Pete Rose, Vada Pinson, Tony Pérez and Leo Cárdenas. Johnson at age 26 hit .287, blasted 32 home runs, and drove in a National League leading 130 runs. Rose was quoted in 1983, "I had never seen anyone hit the ball harder than Deron Johnson." While playing for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1971 Johnson clubbed 34 homers and drove in over 90 runs. Further proof of Johnson’s long-ball skill was evident on July 10 and 11, 1971, as he belted four consecutive home runs against the Montreal Expos, three of them coming on the 11th. Johnson hit .300 in the 1973 World Series while playing with the Oakland A's. He opened 1974 with the A's, but on June 24, 1974, he was released on waivers to the Milwaukee Brewers. On September 7, Johnson was sold to the Boston Red Sox, who were in the middle of a pennant fight they ultimately lost. The following April he signed with the White Sox. In 148 games for the White Sox, Johnson hit 18 home runs, and drove in 72 RBI. On September 21, after Jim Rice had been injured earlier in the day, the Red Sox once again needed supplemental power and reacquired Johnson. Johnson's last home run of his career came on September 27, 1975 off of Indians pitcher Rick Waits at Fenway Park. Johnson was a baseball and football star at San Diego High School. He was offered numerous college football scholarships but opted to sign with the Yankees. In 1979, Johnson was inducted by the San Diego Hall of Champions into the Breitbard Hall of Fame honoring San Diego's finest athletes. From 1958 to 1959 for six months he served in the U.S. Army under the Reserve Training Program, the first of several military stints during his baseball career. After retiring as a Major League player, along with coaching in the majors, he owned a construction company in San Diego and operated a 40-acre cattle ranch. When he died of cancer in 1992 he was survived by his wife Lucy Ann, sons Deron Jr. and Dominick and daughter Dena. Deron Jr., at the time, was a golf professional.

Indian Country Today Media Network (ICTMN) is a website and weekly online newsletter that is a national news source for and about Native people in North America. In January 2011, the ICT Media Network revealed their new online multimedia news platform. The daily, hourly, or "as news breaks" internationally recognized news service is owned by the Oneida Nation of New York. In July 2014, ICTMN announced that it had registered 1,009,761 unique monthly visitors for the month of June 2014, according to Google Analytics. ICTMN has created its own popular social networking page on Facebook, which has exceeded 300,000 "likes". In October 2016, ICTMN published its first-ever, event-driven issue devoted to a single topic: the national protests and issues related to opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline project. Opposition has been led by the Standing Rock Sioux, who opposed the pipeline being built under the Missouri River and threatening their water supply. ICTMN carries original news reporting on issues of interest to Native Americans and other readers interested in Indian Country. Founded in 1981 as a newsprint weekly, "Indian Country Today", by journalist Tim Giago (Oglala Lakota), the paper described itself as "The Nations' Leading American Indian News Source." Giago based the newspaper on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation but it operated independently of tribal government. In 1998, Giago sold the paper to Four Directions Media, Inc., owned and operated by the Oneida Nation of New York. The newspaper's headquarters moved to Canastota, New York; in 2011, its operations moved to New York City. The regional newspaper "Indian Country Today" became "Indian Country Today Media Network". In 2013, the paper went online-only. Indian Country Today Media Network has a smaller—yet significant—Canadian and worldwide readership, which is increasing. Regional journalists are recruited to cover Canadian First Nations, Latin American indigenous peoples, Pacific Islanders, Australian Aboriginals, and indigenous peoples throughout the world. In 2005, an "Indian Country Today" editorial "Hurricane Katrina Uncovers a Tale of Two Americas" was quoted by South African President Thabo Mbeki in a letter to the "ANC Today", published by the African National Congress. "Indian Country Today" had extensive coverage of the "Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl" or the 2013 Supreme Court of the United States "Baby Veronica" case in which an Oklahoma father, who was an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation, sought custody of his daughter Veronica. The coverage included a guest editorial by the president of the Charleston Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. On June 5, 2014, President Barack Obama wrote a column for "Indian Country Today" titled, "On My Upcoming Trip to Indian Country," describing how he and his wife Michelle Obama plan to visit the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in North Dakota later in June. In December 2014, "Indian Country Today" ran a series of articles covering the controversial 2015 National Defense Authorization Act "land swap" provision that would give land sacred to the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona to Resolution Copper Mine [RCM], a joint venture owned by Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton. Over 104,000 had signed a petition to President Obama, "We the People|Stop Apache Land Grab" in which the White House gave an official response. "Indian Country Today" has on-going coverage of the Native American mascot controversy, or the use of Indian images in names and sports. The publication has featured numerous stories and editorials on the Washington Redskins name controversy and its team owner Dan Snyder. Since before 2016, ICTMN has covered the continuing issues over Standing Rock Sioux and other tribal opposition to the Dakota Access pipeline project, which proposed to put oil pipeline below the Missouri River and extend through four states. The Sioux objected to the Army Corps of Engineers' acceptance of less than a full Environmental Impact Statement, saying the project threatened their water quality and would destroy ancient artifacts and burial grounds. It sought an injunction to halt construction of the project. The case has attracted national and international attention and coverage. After a federal court refused the injunction, the Department of Justice, Dept. of Interior and Army Corps of Engineers entered the case at the national level, halting construction temporarily. Standing Rock Sioux protesters at the site have been joined by activists from hundreds of other tribes and supporters, including from indigenous peoples in South America. The ICTMN published its first "single-subject, event-driven edition in [its] history" in October 2016, based on the reporting done and exploring the many complex issues related to the project and protests. "Indian Country Today" has won numerous awards at the Native American Journalists Association. In 2014, ICTMN earned 17 awards including Best Digital Publication for its 12-page digital newsletter and first place for General Excellence. In 2013, ICTMN took 11 awards at the conference. "Indian Country Today" has included staff writers Rob Capriccioso, Washington, D.C. Bureau Chief; Mark Fogarty; Terri Crawford Hansen (Environment and Science); and Larry Spotted Crow Mann. Mark Trahant is the 2014 Atwood Chair of Journalism at the University of North Dakota; he is former president of the Native American Journalists Association and a former executive news editor of "The Salt Lake Tribune". He writes a regular column on national and regional politics, noting issues that affect Indian country. In 2016 he explored the increasing participation of Native Americans in electoral politics. They have had many successes in gaining local (including school board and city council seats) and statewide offices, and covered candidates for statewide and national offices. Regular columnists include Steve Russell of Oklahoma's Cherokee tribe, an associate professor emeritus of criminal justice at Indiana University Bloomington, as well as Steven Newcomb (Shawnee, Lenape), co-founder and co-director of the Indigenous Law Institute in California. Suzette Brewer of the Cherokee Nation is the former public affairs officer for the National Museum of the American Indian. She has received recognition for her in-depth coverage of the "Baby Veronica" case and other stories related to the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA). In 2013, Marty Two Bulls, an Oglala Lakota cartoonist and satirist for ICTMN, was profiled by the Associated Press.

Loon Lake is a farming and resort village in the boreal forest of northwestern Saskatchewan, Canada. The population is about 400 people in this village with about an additional 400 in the farming community nearby. The Makwa Sahgaiehcan First Nation reserve is right next door and has a population of about 800 people. It is northeast of Lloydminster. Steele Narrows is about 15 kilometres north west of Loon Lake. Steele Narrows is the site of the last battle of the North West Rebellion. The battle was fought on June 3, 1885 and resulted in the defeat of the Cree First Nations band government which ended the rebellion. Loon Lake has a 9-hole grass greens golf course with a licensed dining area. and seven fresh water lakes within 5 miles (8 km) of the town. The town offers postal, food, gas, banking services. There are also two resorts - Pine Cove and Makwa Lake that offer rental cabins. There is big game hunting every fall within 10 miles (16 km) with a variety of outfitters. It also has a scenic bible camp nearby called Silver Birch Bible Camp. There is also Makwa Lake Provincial Park 5 km West. The community is accessed by Highway 26

Howie Gordon (born January 7, 1971) is a reality TV personality and former contestant from the American version of the CBS reality show "Big Brother". He competed in the sixth and seasons. Gordon was born at Illinois Masonic Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. He enjoyed the outdoors and animals. In the summer before 8th grade, he injured his hand playing with fireworks; Most of his life he lived in Chicago. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, his mother and father took him to California and Florida. In his early 20s, Gordon attended Southern Illinois University as a student. A year later he attended the University of South Florida in Tampa. After college, he went into sales. Ultimately he hoped to become a meteorologist. Howie Gordon graduated with a degree in Meteorology in 2010 and started applying for positions in Meteorology. He briefly worked in sales in Chicago, Illinois, but now works as a meteorologist for fourstateshomepage.com In 2005 Howie was one of fourteen contestants in the American "Big Brother 6." His secret partner in the game was his long term friend Rachel Plencner. Both Gordon and Plencner were part of the popular "Sovereign Six" alliance that battled with "The Friendship" alliance throughout the summer. Howie openly expressed his hatred for the other alliance, nicknaming them 'The Nerd Herd,' and often tried to unsettle them in the house, in particular April Lewis. Howie was evicted on Day 68 following a tie break vote from HoH, Ivette. Howie eventually had to choose between two friendship members in terms of who won the prize money, and he voted for Maggie, telling her of his regret that he had to choose between America's two most hated houseguests, instead of their two favourites - his friends Janelle Pierzina and Kaysar Ridha. After reaching the final five in "Big Brother 6", Howie was one of the eight housemates that America voted into the Big Brother house to be part of "". Howie was evicted when George became HoH and joined Marcellas Reynolds as the second member of the jury. Howie was named Second most wanted house guest to appear in Big Brother 8 by the Big Brother fan community in 2007. In 2006 he was chosen the third place as "Reality Blurred's Sexiest Reality Star".

JetBlue Flight 292 was a scheduled flight from Bob Hope Airport in Burbank, California to John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. On September 21, 2005, Captain Scott Burke executed an emergency landing in the Airbus A320-200 at Los Angeles International Airport after the nose gear jammed in an abnormal position. No one was injured. Carrying 140 passengers and six crew, the Airbus A320-232 departed Burbank at 3:17 p.m. PDT (UTC-7). The aircraft, which was built in 2002, bore the tail number and the name "Canyon Blue". It was scheduled to fly to John F. Kennedy International Airport. After takeoff from Burbank, the pilots realized that they could not retract the landing gear. They then flew low over Long Beach Municipal Airport (LGB) in Long Beach (the location of a JetBlue hub) to allow officials in the airport's control tower to assess the damage to its landing gear before attempting a landing. It was found that the nosewheel was rotated ninety degrees to the left, perpendicular to the direction of the fuselage. Rather than land at Long Beach Airport, the pilot-in-command made the decision that the aircraft would land at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), in order to take advantage of its long, wide runways and modern safety equipment. The pilots flew the aircraft, which can carry up to 46,860 pounds (21,255 kg) of aviation fuel, in a figure eight pattern between Bob Hope Airport in Burbank and LAX for more than two hours in order to burn fuel and lower the risk of fire upon landing. This also served to lighten the plane, reducing potential stress on the landing gear and dramatically lowering landing speed as well. The Airbus A320 does not have the mechanical facility to dump fuel, despite various news agencies reporting that the aircraft was doing so over the ocean. Because JetBlue planes are equipped with DirecTV satellite television, passengers on Flight 292 were able to watch live news coverage of their flight while the plane circled over the Pacific for hours. The in-flight video system was turned off "well before landing". Actress Taryn Manning was on the flight on her way to New York to promote the film "Hustle & Flow". Screenwriter Zach Dean was also on the plane, and while contemplating his mortality resolved to write a script about mortality (which eventually became the movie "Deadfall"). Emergency services and fire engines were standing by on the LAX tarmac ahead of the landing. Although foam trucks were available, they were not used. The U.S. FAA no longer recommends pre-foaming runways, chiefly due to concerns that it would deplete firefighting foam supplies which might later be needed to respond to a fire; it is also difficult to determine exactly where a runway should be foamed, and pre-foaming might also reduce the effectiveness of the aircraft's brakes, potentially causing it to slide off the runway. Los Angeles Fire Dept. Battalion Chief Lou Roupoli said, "The pilot did an outstanding job. He kept the plane on its rear tires as long as he could before he brought [the nose gear down]." When the nose gear did touch down, there were sparks and flames from it, but no apparent damage to the rest of the plane. At 6:20pm PDT (UTC-7), the aircraft came to a stop very close to the end of the 11,096-foot (3382-meter) runway 25L. In an attempt to keep the nose gear off the ground as long as possible, reverse thrust was not used to slow the aircraft. The pilots therefore used a much larger portion of the available runway than in a typical landing, stopping 1,000 feet / 305 m before the end of the runway, validating the decision to divert from Long Beach, where the longest runway is 10,000 feet (3048 m). Passengers began to disembark less than seven minutes later. The landing was smooth and no physical injuries were reported. The aircraft was evacuated via airstairs, as opposed to Evacuation Slides typically used in an emergency situation. As JetBlue did not operate from LAX at the time, the aircraft was towed to a Continental Airlines hangar at LAX for evaluation. Expert opinion expressed was that, despite the drama and live worldwide coverage, there was little real danger to the passengers or crew of Flight 292. The A320, like all modern airliners, is engineered to tolerate certain failures, and, if necessary, can be landed without the nose gear at all. A similar incident with an A320 occurred on an America West Airlines flight in February 1999 in Columbus, Ohio (Flight 2811). The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found the cause was a failure of the external o-rings in the nose landing gear steering module. That plane also landed safely. The media reported that this was at least the seventh occurrence of an Airbus A320 series aircraft touching down with the landing gear locked ninety degrees out of position, and one of at least sixty-seven "nose wheel failures" on A319, A320 and A321 aircraft worldwide since 1989. Earlier incidents included another JetBlue flight bound for New York City, a United Airlines flight into Chicago, and an America West flight into Columbus, Ohio. While some incidents were traced to faulty maintenance and denied as a design flaw by Airbus Industries, the manufacturer had issued maintenance advisories to A320 owners which were later mandated as Airworthiness Directives by American and French aviation authorities. Messier-Dowty, which manufactures nose gear assemblies for the A320, stated in an NTSB report in 2004 that part of the gear had been redesigned to prevent future problems, but at the time the redesign was awaiting approval. Mechanics familiar with this common fault usually replace or re-program the Brake Steering Control Unit (BSCU) computer. The NTSB report says that worn-out seals were to blame for the malfunction, and that the BSCU system contributed to the problem. The NTSB reported that Airbus had since upgraded the system to take care of the problem. Following the incident, the aircraft was repaired and returned to service still bearing the name "Canyon Blue." The flight route designation for JetBlue's flights from Burbank to New York was changed from 292 to 358 (the other direction became 359).

The play features the characters of Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso, who meet at a bar called the Lapin Agile (French: "Nimble Rabbit") in Montmartre, Paris. It is set on October 8, 1904, and both men are on the verge of disclosing amazing ideas (Einstein will publish his special theory of relativity in 1905 and Picasso will paint "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" in 1907). At the Lapin Agile, they have a lengthy debate about the value of genius and talent, while interacting with a host of other characters. Each character in "Lapin Agile" has a specific role. For example, Schmendiman, an inventor, believes he is a genius but really knows very little, while Gaston, an amicable old Frenchman with prostate problems, is hesitant to listen to or believe anything that does not revolve around sex or drinking. There is much discussion of the major cultural influences of the twentieth century. Picasso represents art, Einstein represents science, and Schmendiman represents commercialism. Picasso and Einstein eventually realize that their abilities are equally valuable. Once the main characters have reached their moment of insight, "The Visitor", a man from the future, crashes the party. Although the Visitor is never named, his identity can be surmised as Elvis Presley. The Visitor adds a third dimension to Picasso's and Einstein's debate, representing the idea that genius is not always the product of academic or philosophical understanding, or as Gaston refers to it, "Brains". Martin has written: "Focusing on Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity and Picasso’s master painting, "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon", the play attempts to explain, in a light-hearted way, the similarity of the creative process involved in great leaps of imagination in art and science". "Picasso at the Lapin Agile" was the first full-length play written by Steve Martin. The first reading of the play took place at Steve Martin's home in Beverly Hills, California. Tom Hanks read the role of Picasso, and Chris Sarandon read Einstein. Martin then held a nine-day professional workshop of the play in Melbourne, Australia, at the Malthouse Theatre (in conjunction with Belvoir St Theatre), which ended with two public staged readings of the play. Following this, the play opened at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago, Illinois, on October 13, 1993. The show then enjoyed a successful run at the Westwood Playhouse (now known as the Geffen Playhouse) in Los Angeles, California. Finally, the show made its way to New York City. The play has also had successful runs in other American cities. Martin made several attempts to create a film version of the play, but none came to fruition. On November 27, 2006, Martin announced on his website that "there is no movie of "Picasso at the Lapin Agile" in the works". The play was pulled from La Grande High School in La Grande, Oregon in March 2009 following a parent-led petition with 137 names opposed to the staging of the play. The petitioners objected to some of the adult themes and content, in response to which Martin wrote that the students knew that the "questionable behavior sometimes evident in the play is not endorsed". In his letter to "La Grande Observer", he compared the characterization that the play is about "people drinking in bars and treating women as sex objects" to summarizing Shakespeare's "Hamlet" as being "about a castle". Martin responded to the banning of the play at La Grande High School with an offer to underwrite a production of the play at an alternative location, stating he did not want the play to acquire "a reputation it does not deserve".

617 Patroclus ( ) is a binary minor planet made up of two objects of similar size orbiting their barycenter. It is a Jupiter trojan. It was discovered in 1906 by August Kopff, and was the second trojan to be discovered. Its binary nature was discovered in 2001; the name Patroclus now refers to the larger of the two components, whereas its slightly smaller companion body has been named Menoetius ( , official designation (617) Patroclus I Menoetius). Recent evidence suggests that the objects are icy like comets, rather than rocky like most asteroids. Patroclus orbits in Jupiter's trailing Lagrangian point, , in an area called the 'Trojan node' after one of the sides in the legendary Trojan War (the other node, at the , is called the 'Greek node'). Patroclus is the only object in the Trojan camp to be named after a Greek character; the naming conventions for the Jupiter trojans were not adopted until after Patroclus was named (similarly, the asteroid Hektor is the only Trojan character to appear in the Greek camp). In 2001, it was discovered that Patroclus is a binary system, made up of two components of roughly similar size. In 2006, accurate measurements of the orbit from the Keck Laser guide star adaptive optics system were reported. It was estimated that the two components orbit around their center of mass in 4.283±0.004 d at a distance of 680±20 km in a roughly circular orbit. Combining these observations with thermal measurements taken in 2000, the sizes of the components of the system were estimated. The slightly larger component, which measures 141 km in diameter, retains the name Patroclus. The smaller component, measuring 112 km, is now named Menoetius, after the legendary Patroclus's father. Its has the provisional designation . Because the density of the components (0.8 g/cm³) is less than water and about one third that of rock, it was suggested that the Patroclus system, previously thought to be a pair of rocky asteroids, is more similar to a comet in composition. It is suspected that many Jupiter trojans are in fact small planetesimals captured in the Lagrange point of the Jupiter–Sun system during the migration of the giant planets 3.9 billion years ago. This scenario was proposed by A. Morbidelli and colleagues in a series of articles published in May 2005 in "Nature".

Thomas Lesslie "Snuff" Garrett (July 5, 1938 – December 16, 2015) was an American record producer whose most famous work was during the 1960s and 1970s. His nickname is a derivation of Levi Garrett, a brand of snuff. Garrett was born in Dallas, Texas, and attended South Oak Cliff High School, dropping out in the 10th grade. In 1976, he returned to Dallas to receive a special high school diploma that conferred an "honorary music degree." At seventeen, Garrett was a disc jockey in Lubbock, Texas, where he met Buddy Holly. He is often still mentioned on the Lubbock oldies station KDAV on a program hosted by his friend Jerry "Bo" Coleman. Garrett also worked in radio in Wichita Falls, Texas, where he performed on-air stunts. On February 3, 1959, Garrett broadcast his own tribute show to Holly after he was killed (along with Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper) in a plane crash in Iowa. In 1959, Garrett became a staff producer at Liberty Records in Hollywood at the age of 19, after having joined the label to work in the promotions department. Although not a musician, Garrett showed he had a knack for finding hit songs, going on to produce a string of hits and becoming the label's head of A&R until he left Liberty in 1966. His first job as producer for the label was on Johnny Burnette's "Settin' the Woods on Fire" on July 9, 1959. Among Garrett's roster of artists were Bobby Vee, Johnny Burnette, Gene McDaniels, Buddy Knox, Walter Brennan, Gary Lewis & the Playboys and Del Shannon. Garrett was invited early on to produce the Monkees before they had become a major selling act, but a test session did not go well, with the Monkees preferring to work with Boyce and Hart, writers of "Last Train to Clarksville" and the Monkees's theme song. He was also responsible for hiring Phil Spector for a short period as an assistant producer. Many of Garrett's hit singles came from songs by the Brill Building songwriters in New York City. Others who worked closely with Garrett include future recording star Leon Russell, who often arranged his productions, and Lenny Waronker, Liberty co-founder Simon Waronker's son who became a producer in his own right and eventually president of Warner Bros. Records. Later, after leaving Liberty, Garrett worked with Cher and Sonny & Cher and had his own record labels, Snuff Garrett Records and Viva Records, which he later sold to Warner Bros. Between 1961 and 1969, he released a series of over 25 instrumental albums, featuring solo guitar work by Tommy Tedesco, on Liberty Records by "The 50 Guitars of Tommy Garrett", six of which appeared on the "Billboard" Top LPs chart. In 1966, Garrett produced an album by singer/songwriter Sonny Curtis on the Viva label, "The 1st Of Sonny Curtis", which contains some of Curtis' most popular tunes, including "Walk Right Back" (an Everly Brothers hit). Other tracks that came out of this session are "My Way of Life", "Hung up in your Eyes", and "I Fought the Law and the Law Won". In 1966-67, Garrett and JJ Cale co-produced "A trip down the Sunset Strip", attributed to the Leathercoated Minds, a compilation of psychedelic covers, together with four instrumentals of Cale's own composition. In addition to his hits with Sonny & Cher for Kapp Records and MCA Records in the 1970s, Garrett also produced Vicki Lawrence's "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" for Bell Records (a song written by Lawrence's then-husband Bobby Russell), and Tanya Tucker's "Lizzie and the Rainman" for MCA. Both of these songs had been intended for Cher; but her husband and manager at the time, Sonny Bono thought it might offend Cher's Southern fans. Other artists produced by Garrett in the 1970s included Brenda Lee and "singing cowboy" Roy Rogers. These recordings and others marked a shift by Garrett away from pop-rock toward the easy-listening "countrypolitan" sound. Garrett worked regularly with the Johnny Mann Singers and the Ron Hicklin Singers on many projects, and was responsible for the new sound of The Ray Conniff Singers in the early 1970s (which employed the Hicklin Singers), producing two albums with Conniff. Garrett also produced several tracks by Nancy Sinatra in the mid-1970s that were issued by Private Stock Records. In 1976, Garrett set up a sublabel of Casablanca Records, Casablanca West. The label released just one album and two singles before folding. In 1978, Garrett produced the country-oriented soundtrack of Clint Eastwood's "Every Which Way but Loose", which appeared on Garrett's latter-day label, Viva Records. In 1976, when home video was in its infancy, Garrett bought cassette rights to the old RKO and Republic films for what United Press International termed "a pittance." By 1980, the 800-title library of his company The Nostalgia Merchant was earning $2.3 million a year. "Nobody wanted cassettes four years ago ... It wasn't the first time people called me crazy. It was a hobby with me which became big business", Garrett told UPI. Garrett lived in Bell Canyon, California in a ranch built for himself.

The Palazzo Barberini () is a 17th-century palace in Rome, facing the Piazza Barberini in Rione Trevi. It houses the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica. The sloping site had formerly been occupied by a garden-vineyard of the Sforza family, in which a "palazzetto" had been built in 1549. The sloping site passed from one cardinal to another during the sixteenth century, with no project fully getting off the ground. When Cardinal Alessandro Sforza met financial hardships, the still semi-urban site was purchased in 1625 by Maffeo Barberini, of the Barberini family, who became Pope Urban VIII. Three great architects worked to create the Palazzo, each contributing his own style and character to the building. Carlo Maderno, then at work extending the nave of St Peter's, was commissioned to enclose the Villa Sforza within a vast Renaissance block along the lines of Palazzo Farnese; however, the design quickly evolved into a precedent-setting combination of an urban seat of princely power combined with a garden front that had the nature of a suburban villa with a semi-enclosed garden. Maderno began in 1627, assisted by his nephew Francesco Borromini. When Maderno died in 1629, Borromini was passed over and the commission was awarded to Bernini, a young prodigy then better known as a sculptor. Borromini stayed on regardless and the two architects worked together, albeit briefly, on this project and at the Palazzo Spada. Works were completed by Bernini in 1633. After the Wars of Castro and the death of Urban VIII, the palace was confiscated by Pamphili Pope Innocent X and was only returned to the Barberini in 1653. The palazzo is disposed around a forecourt centered on Bernini's grand two-storey hall backed by an oval "salone", with an extended wing dominating the piazza, which lies on a lower level. At the rear, a long wing protected the garden from the piazza below, above which it rose from a rusticated basement that was slightly battered like a military bastion. The main block presents three tiers of great arch-headed windows, like glazed arcades, a formula that was more Venetian than Roman. On the uppermost floor, Borromini's windows are set in a false perspective that suggests extra depth, a feature that has been copied into the 20th century. Flanking the hall, two sets of stairs lead to the "piano nobile", a large squared staircase by Bernini to the left and a smaller oval staircase by Borromini to the right. As well as Borromini's false-perspective window reveals, other influential aspects of Palazzo Barberini that were repeated throughout Europe include the unit of a central two-storey hall backed by an oval "salone" and the symmetrical wings that extended forward from the main block to create a "cour d'honneur". The salon ceiling is graced by Pietro da Cortona's masterpiece, the Baroque fresco of the "Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power". This vast panegyric allegory became highly influential in guiding decoration for palatial and church ceilings; its influence can be seen in other panoramic scenes such as the frescoed ceilings at Sant'Ignazio (by Pozzo); or those at Villa Pisani at Stra, the throne room of the Royal Palace of Madrid, and the Ca' Rezzonico in Venice (by Tiepolo). Also in the palace is a masterpiece by Andrea Sacchi, a contemporary critic of the Cortona style, "Divine Wisdom". The rooms of the "piano nobile" have frescoed ceilings by other seventeenth-century artists like Giuseppe Passeri and Andrea Camassei, plus, in the museum collection, precious detached frescoes by Polidoro da Caravaggio and his lover Maturino da Firenze. The garden is known as a "giardino segreto" ("secret garden"), for its concealment from an outsider's view. It houses a monument to Bertel Thorwaldsen, who had a studio in the nearby Teatro delle Quattro Fontane in 1822-1834. Today, Palazzo Barberini houses the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, one of the most important painting collections in Italy. It includes Raphael's portrait "La fornarina", Caravaggio's "Judith Beheading Holofernes" and a Hans Holbein portrait of Henry VIII. The palace also houses the Italian Institute of Numismatics. The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), which created the European Court of Human Rights, was signed here on 4 November 1950, a milestone in the protection of human rights. Hidden in the cellars of the rear part of the building, a Mithraeum was found during the construction work of Villa Savorgnan di Brazzà in 1936, dating probably from the second century AD.

Dominance in ethology is an "individual's preferential access to resources over another." Dominance in the context of biology and anthropology is the state of having high social status relative to one or more other individuals, who react submissively to dominant individuals. This enables the dominant individual to obtain access to resources such as food or potential mates at the expense of the submissive individual, without active aggression. The absence or reduction of aggression means unnecessary energy expenditure and the risk of injury are reduced for both. The opposite of dominance is submissiveness. Dominance may be a purely dyadic relationship, i.e. individual A is dominant over individual B, but this has no implications for whether either of these is dominant over a third individual C. Alternatively, dominance may be hierarchical, with a transitive relationship, so that if A dominates B and B dominates C, A always dominates C. This is called a linear dominance hierarchy. Some animal societies have despots, i.e. a single dominant individual with little or no hierarchical structure amongst the rest of the group. Horses use coalitions so that affiliated pairs in a herd have an accumulative dominance to displace a third horse that normally out-ranks both of them on an individual basis. Dominance may initially be established by fighting, or simply by threatening displays or interchanges. Once established, however, dominance is usually maintained by agonistic (competitive) behaviours with aggression considerably reduced or sometimes absent. In the maintenance of dominance relationships, the behaviour of the sub-dominant animal is critical. If a dominant animal perceives its status is being threatened, it will likely threaten the sub-dominant individual. The sub-dominant must then either escalate the intensity of the interaction to challenge the dominant, or defer. In this way, it is often the behaviour of the sub-dominant animal that maintains the dominance relationship, rather than the dominant. The ultimate function of a dominance hierarchy is to increase the individual or inclusive fitness of the animals involved in its formation. Fighting to acquire resources such as food and mates is expensive in terms of time, energy and the risk of injury. By developing a dominance hierarchy, animals determine which individuals will get priority of access to resources, particularly when they are limited; there is a reduction in aggression once a pecking order has been developed. Therefore, the proximate functions of a pecking order are to reduce the costs of time, energy and risk of injury incurred during resource acquisition and defense. A dominant animal is one whose sexual, feeding, aggressive and other behavior patterns subsequently occur with relatively little influence of the other group members. Subordinate animals are opposite; their behavior can be relatively easily influenced or inhibited by other group members. For many animal societies, an individual's position in the dominance hierarchy corresponds with their opportunities to reproduce, however, in other animal societies, the dominance hierarchy may be unrelated to (potential) opportunities to reproduce, e.g. naked mole-rat, bees and many farm, laboratory, zoo and companion animals. Studies have shown there is a strong association between high testosterone levels and dominance behaviors that help enhance mating success in men. In hierarchical societies, dominant individuals may exert control over others. For example, in a herd of feral goats it is a large male that is dominant and maintains discipline and coherence of the flock. He leads the group but shares leadership on a foraging expedition with an old she-goat who will normally outlast a succession of dominant males. However, earlier work showed that leadership orders in goats was not related to age or dominance. In sheep, position in a moving flock is highly correlated with social dominance, but there is no definite study to show consistent voluntary leadership by an individual sheep. In birds, dominant individuals will preferentially select higher perches to put themselves in the best position to detect and avoid predators, as well as to display their dominance to con-specifics. It has been suggested, however, that more commonly, decision-taking about the actions of the group is dissociated from social dominance. The first published systematic study of dominance in animals was by Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe who described in his Ph.D. dissertation of 1921, the social behaviour and priority of access to food by hens. Dominance can be measured by the number of times that individuals defer to one another in social interactions, by the length of time that resources are preferentially accessed, by the number/intensity of threats given or other agonistic (competitive) behaviours. The measurement of dominance is only applicable within the group it is measured since it is a function of the individual members of the group. Dominance and its organisation can be highly variable depending on the context or individuals involved. In European badgers, dominance relationships may vary with time as individuals age, gain or lose social status, or change their reproductive condition. Dominance may also vary across space in territorial animals as territory owners are often dominant over all others in their own territory but submissive elsewhere, or dependent on the resource. Even with these factors held constant, perfect dominance hierarchies are rarely found in groups of any great size, at least in the wild. Dominance hierarchies may be more frequently found in captivity, since hierarchies tend to be induced by focused resources such as limited supplies of food supplied in a fixed place. Dominance hierarchies in small herds of domestic horses are generally linear hierarchies whereas in large herds the relationships are triangular. Dominance hierarchies can be formed at a very early age. Domestic piglets are highly precocious and within minutes of being born, or sometimes seconds, will attempt to suckle. The piglets are born with sharp teeth and fight to develop a teat order as the anterior teats produce a greater quantity of milk. Once established, this teat order remains stable with each piglet tending to feed from a particular teat or group of teats. Dominance–subordination relationships can vary markedly between breeds of the same species. Studies on Merinos and Border Leicesters revealed an almost linear hierarchy in the Merinos but a less rigid structure in the Border Leicesters when a competitive feeding situation was created. Romero, Teresa, and Miguel Castellanos. (2010) Journal of Ethology, pg. 113-121.

Within the Latter Day Saint movement, the "Articles of Faith" are a creed composed by Joseph Smith as part of an 1842 letter sent to "Long" John Wentworth, editor of the "Chicago Democrat", and first published in the Latter Day Saint newspaper "Times and Seasons". It is a concise listing of thirteen fundamental doctrines of Mormonism. Most Latter Day Saint denominations view the articles as an authoritative statement of basic theology. Some denominations, such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), have adopted the articles as scripture (see Pearl of Great Price). For some sects, the Articles of Faith are known collectively as "An Epitome of Faith and Doctrine". The full text is reproduced here. Later alterations to the text made by the LDS Church are indicated by strikethroughs and brackets. Articles one through four read as follows: ***LIST***. The first four articles state basic doctrines of the Latter Day Saint movement. The first is often understood to state the doctrine of the Godhead, the second specifically denounces original sin, the third states belief in the atonement of Christ and the fourth states the core principles and ordinances of faith, repentance, baptism and confirmation for the gift of the Holy Ghost. The thirteenth article states beliefs in how one should conduct oneself. The "admonition of Paul" referenced appears to be Philippians 4:8. Note 1: "additions and replacements made in 1902. "<br> Note 2: "added in 1851."

The Honeys were a 1960s girl group who recorded for Capitol Records. The Honeys were a kind of female counterpart to the Beach Boys; Beach Boy Brian Wilson served as their record producer and chief songwriter. The Honeys (the name a slang term for a female surfing enthusiast) consisted of sisters Diane and Marilyn Rovell, and their cousin Ginger Blake. Marilyn and Diane had met the Beach Boys when the boys performed at a Hollywood club called Pandora's Box, in late 1962. Brian and Marilyn (who was still in high school) began dating, and he brought the girls into the recording studio, to produce their songs ("Surfin' Down the Swanee River", "Shoot the Curl", "Pray for Surf"), and included them as backup performers on Beach Boys records. The cheerleader voices on "Be True to Your School" were performed by the Honeys, and the two groups sometimes shared the same concert bill. In 1964 The Honeys sang background vocals for Jan and Dean on the hit singles, "The New Girl In School", "Dead Man's Curve", and "The Little Old Lady from Pasadena". The Honeys' career faded as surfing music went out of vogue. Marilyn and Brian were married, and became the parents of Carnie and Wendy Wilson, who later found fame as members of Wilson Phillips. Marilyn and Diane later re-teamed as a duo called American Spring, during the 1970s. During the 1990s, the Honeys reunited, and performed locally around Hollywood and Los Angeles. An anthology CD of their music (including several Spring recordings) was also released by Capitol Records in 1992. On March 10, 2016 two of The Honeys participated in concert at the Coffee Gallery Backstage in Altadena, CA as part of a tribute to their long-time friend and 1960s songwriting legend, the late P.F.

Henry George Charles Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood (9 September 1882 – 24 May 1947), styled "The Honourable" Henry Lascelles before 1892 and Viscount Lascelles between 1892 and 1929, was a British soldier, peer and a Yorkshire landowner. He was the son-in-law of King George V and Queen Mary. Lascelles attended the Royal Military College before being commissioned as a Second Lieutenant into the Grenadier Guards on 12 February 1902. He went on to command the 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards during the First World War. After the war, Lascelles remained interested in local Yorkshire issues and events, often contributing to the Leeds Board of Management. He was president of the Yorkshire Rural Community Council. Lord Harewood married Princess Mary, only daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary, at Westminster Abbey, on 28 February 1922. His best man was Sir Victor Mackenzie, 3rd Baronet. The bride's attendants were: ***LIST***. After their marriage, Lord and Lady Harewood split their time between their homes; Chesterfield House (destroyed after the Second World War) in London, Goldsborough Hall, at Harwood Estate and Harewood House itself, in Yorkshire, which became their family home in 1929. They had two children: ***LIST***. It was later reported that she did not want to marry Lord Lascelles, that her parents forced her into an arranged marriage, and that Lascelles proposed to her after a wager at his club. Her brother, the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII, to whom she was very close, was against the marriage because he did not want his sister to marry someone whom she did not love. Her elder son, the Earl of Harewood, however, writes about his parents' marriage in his memoirs "The Tongs and the Bones" and challenges these widespread rumours that the marriage was an unhappy one. He says that "they got on well together and had a lot of friends and interests in common". Lord Harewood, a Freemason, served as Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England from 1942 to 1947. He died of a heart attack at the age of 64 at his home, Harewood House. Harry Gray named his then new 1921 Burrell 8 N.H.P. Scenic Showman's Engine "Lord Lascelles" after him, an engine that still exists and is regularly rallied. It is also widely understood that Virginia Woolf based the character of Archduke Henry on him in her novel , a tribute to her lover Vita Sackville-West. Henry Lascelles was one of West's suitors.

The show was presented in a rotating theater, similar to the Carousel of Progress at Walt Disney World and previously at Disneyland. However, they were designed in the opposite way. In Tokyo, the audiences sat in the rotating theater inside with the stages built around them, whereas, in the Carousel of Progress the audience sits in the rotating outside with the stages being the center of the building. Meet the World's layout meant less audience capacity but a larger stage area, while Carousel of Progress's format has more capacity but smaller stages. The "Meet The World" song was written by the Sherman Brothers. The attraction was designed by WED Enterprises Imagineer Claude Coats. The Animatronics and Show Action Equipment were built at Walt Disney World's Central Shops in Florida (adjacent to the huge carriages for Epcot's American Adventure attraction being built at the same time.) The show scenes were staged at the WED facility in North Hollywood for integration and show programming. The attraction had over thirty Audio Animatronic figures, nine 70 millimeter projectors and 15 large pieces of show action equipment. There were two large Stewart rear projection screens and three proscenium filling perforated "scrim/screens." The figures were sculpted by Blaine Gibson with the exception of the three Meiji figures who were sculpted in Glendale by a Japanese sculptor from Toho Studios in Tokyo. The show opened with two young children from Yokohama discussing the ancient creation of Japan. Soon, an anthropamorphic crane appeared to tell them the whole story. She took them back through time to uncover the ancient Jōmon people and the difficult relationship they encountered with the sea and land. But it changed in the next era when Prince Shōtoku devoted his efforts to 'meet the world' and created a constitution, explored Chinese culture and brought Buddhism, arts and writing systems to Japan. The crane then took them forward through time. They arrived at Tanegashima where Portuguese traders met with locals, introducing Japan to new trade opportunities as well as the outside world. Additionally, firearms and Christianity were introduced during this period. However, because of these elements, the Sakoku policy of self-exile was enacted, leaving the country in isolation, apart from limited trade with the Dutch and Chinese at Nagasaki. Only when US Navy Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived with his Black Ships did the exile end and Japan 'meet the world' again. The shogun retired and signaled the time of the Meiji Restoration. However, the ruling power took the idea of 'meet the world' from a peaceful one to a destructive and aggressive one. As a result, Japan soon entered "dark days", but the crane reassured the two children that those days have ended and that Japan now leads the way of today. The young boy asked the crane if she was the "Spirit of Japan", but she responded that he and all the other people were the "Spirit of Japan". A final montage of Japan's modern accomplishments brought the show to a close as the children and the crane soared to the skies on a hot-air balloon. Konosuke Matsushita, founder of the Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, had a strong interest in Japanese history and in Walt Disney's visions and pressed Disney to create a Japanese analog of the American "Hall of Presidents" attraction. It was originally planned as part of the Japan pavilion in World Showcase at Epcot in Orlando, Florida. Planners went so far as to construct the show building, which was never used. Among other issues, certain politically sensitive issues such as World War II were noticeably under-emphasized in the show. The show mentions that there were some "dark days" between the Meiji Restoration and the "Japan of today", which left Disney management feeling nervous about possible reactions from guests (specifically American veterans and other groups) over such a dramatic conflict in history being 'glossed over' as 'dark days', despite other attractions in the Disney canon having unbiased references to the same time period. Concept art and models were featured in the 1982 book "Walt Disney's EPCOT Center", along with a proposed Africa pavilion. The English soundtrack of the ride had surfaced on a tribute video, where it was edited with footage from the version seen in Tokyo Disneyland. The attraction opened at Tokyo Disneyland as one of that park's initial attractions on April 15, 1983, and closed on June 30, 2002. Matsushita Electric was its initial sponsor and subsidized the attraction so that it was one of the few free attractions while the park still used ride tickets. Konosuke Matsushita died in 1989 and Matsushita shifted its corporate sponsorship to the nearby Star Tours attraction around that time; Japan Airlines then took over sponsorship of Meet the World for a short period. In summer 2006, Meet the World's show building was demolished to make way for Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek. Meet the World was one of the few attractions in the park that dealt with Japan; the other was a film, "The Eternal Sea", found in the future Magic-Eye Theater. The Oriental Land Company, the owners of Tokyo Disneyland, specifically wanted their park to focus on the American way of life and the American parks of Disneyland and Walt Disney World.

Lighthouse Field State Beach is a protected beach in the state park system of California, United States. It is located in the city of Santa Cruz at the north end of Monterey Bay. The beach overlooks the Steamer Lane surfing hotspot. It also contains the Santa Cruz Surfing Museum, housed in a 1967 lighthouse. The site was established in 1978. Lighthouse Field State Beach is a wintering ground for migrating monarch butterflies. Other resident animals include California sea lions and American black swifts. Steamer Lane is a famous surfing location. Each Christmas the park hosts Santa Cruz's annual "Caroling under the Stars" event. The park is free to visit year-round, and offers walking trails, wildlife viewing, picnic areas, public restrooms, and outdoor showers.

The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID; pronounced: you-SAM-rid) is the U.S Army’s main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare. It is located on Fort Detrick, Maryland and is a subordinate lab of the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC), headquartered on the same installation. USAMRIID is the only U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) laboratory equipped to study highly hazardous viruses at Biosafety Level 4 within positive pressure personnel suits. USAMRIID employs both military and civilian scientists as well as highly specialized support personnel, in all about 800 people. In the 1950s and '60s, USAMRIID and its predecessor unit pioneered unique, state-of-the-art biocontainment facilities which it continues to maintain and upgrade. Investigators at its facilities frequently collaborate with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and major biomedical and academic centers worldwide. USAMRIID was the first bio-facility of its type to research the Ames strain of anthrax, determined through genetic analysis to be the bacterium used in the 2001 anthrax attacks. USAMRIID’s 1983 "Mission Statement" mandated that the Institute: USAMRIID’s current "Mission Statement" is: By U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) directive, as well as additional U.S. Army guidance, USAMRIID performs its “biological agent medical defense” research in support of the needs of the three military services. This mission, and all work done at USAMRIID, must remain within the spirit and letter of both President Richard Nixon's 1969 and 1970 Executive Orders renouncing the use of biological and toxin weapons, and the U.N. Biological Weapons Convention of 1972. USAMRIID traces its institutional lineage to the early 1950s, when Lt. Col. Abram S. Benenson was appointed as medical liaison officer to the U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories (BWL) at Camp (later Fort) Detrick to oversee biomedical defensive problems. Soon thereafter, a joint agreement was signed and studies on medical defense against biological weapons were conducted cooperatively by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps and the Army Medical Department. These early days saw the beginnings of the medical volunteer program known as “Project Whitecoat” (1954–1973). USAMRIID’s precursor — the Army Medical Unit (AMU) — began operations in 1956 under the command of Col. William D. Tigertt. (One of the AMU’s first responsibilities was to oversee all aspects of Project CD-22, the exposure of volunteers to aerosols containing a highly pathogenic strain of "Coxiella burnetii", the causal agent of Q fever.) In 1961, Col. Dan Crozier assumed command of the AMU. Modern principles of biosafety and biocontainment were pioneered at Fort Detrick throughout the 1960s by a number of scientists led by Arnold G. Wedum. Crozier oversaw the planning and construction of the present USAMRIID laboratory and office building (Building 1425) and its advanced biocontainment suites, which is formally known as “The Crozier Building”. Ground breaking came in 1967 (personnel moved in during 1971 and '72). In 1969, the BWL were formally disestablished and the Institute underwent a formal name change from the AMU to the "U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases". The Institute's mission did not really change and it received additional funding and personnel authorizations to hire biomedical and laboratory scientists who were losing their jobs as a result of the termination of the United States’ offensive BW studies. By the late 1970s, in addition to the work on "Coxiella burnetii" and other rickettsiae, research priorities had expanded to include the development of vaccines and therapeutics against Argentine, Korean and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever and other exotic diseases that could pose potential BW threats. In 1978, the Institute assisted with humanitarian efforts in Egypt when a severe outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occurred there for the first time. The epidemic caused thousands of human cases and the deaths of large numbers of livestock. Diagnostics, along with much of the Institute's stock of RVF vaccine, were sent to help control the outbreak. At this time the Institute acquired both fixed and transportable BSL-4 containment plastic human isolators for the hospital care and safe transport of patients suffering from highly contagious and potentially lethal exotic infections. In 1978, it established an Aeromedical Isolation Team (AIT) — a military rapid response team of doctors, nurses and medics, with worldwide airlift capability, designed to safely evacuate and manage contagious patients under BSL-4 conditions. A formal agreement was signed with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) at this time stipulating that USAMRIID would house and treat highly contagious infections in laboratory personnel should any occur. (After deploying on only four "real world" missions in 32 years, the AIT was ultimately decommissioned in 2010.) The 1980s saw the establishment of a new program to improve the existing anthrax vaccine, and to develop new information on the pathophysiology of weaponized anthrax disease. This came in response to the Sverdlovsk anthrax leak of 1979. Professional medical opinion differed at this period as to exactly what constituted a potential BW agent. A case in point was the establishment in 1980 of a new program focusing on Legionnaire’s disease at the urging of some medical authorities. Almost a year later, a panel of experts decided that this organism did not have potential as a BW agent and the program was discontinued. Of greater longevity were the new research programs initiated at this time to study the trichothecene fungal toxins, marine toxins and other small molecular weight toxins of microbial origin. The early 1980s also saw the development at USAMRIID of new diagnostic methods for several pathogenic organisms such as ELISA technology and the extensive use of monoclonal antibodies. The same year saw introduction of a new course, "Medical Defense Against Biological Agents", designed to familiarize military physicians, nurses and other medical personnel with the special problems potentially posed by medical management BW cases. This course, with some changes in format, continued into the 21st century as the “Medical Management of Chemical and Biological Casualties Course” (MCBC), still conducted jointly by USAMRIID and the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD). In 1985, the General Maxwell R. Thurman, then Army Deputy Chief of Staff, reviewed the threat posed to U.S. servicemembers by biological weapons. Thurman was particularly concerned about the application of genetic engineering technology to alter conventional microorganisms and his review resulted in a five-year plan of expansion for research into medical defensive measures at USAMRIID. The 1985 in-house budget of 34 M USD was to expand to 45 M the next year and was eventually scheduled to reach 93.2 M by 1989. (The need for a physical detection system to identify an aerosol of infectious agent became apparent at this time. Lack of such a reliable system still represents one of the major technical difficulties in the field.) Within two years, however, it became apparent that this program of expansion would not materialize. A new proposed toxin laboratory was never built. The Army had experienced several budget cuts and these impacted the funding of the Institute. By 1988, USAMRIID began to come under close scrutiny by several Congressional committees. The Senate Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, chaired by Senator Carl Levin, issued a report quite critical in the DoD's management of biological safety issues in the CBW programs. Senator John Glenn, Chairman, Committee on Governmental Affairs asked the Government Accounting Office (GAO) to investigate the validity of DoD's Biological Defense Research Program. The GAO issued a critical report concluding that the Army spent funds on R&D efforts that did not address validated BW threats and may have duplicated the research efforts of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institutes of Health. While investigating an outbreak of simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) in 1989, a USAMRIID electron microscopist discovered filoviruses similar in appearance to Ebola in tissue samples taken from a crab-eating macaque imported from the Philippines to the Hazleton Laboratories in Reston, Virginia. USAMRIID's role in this "Ebola Reston outbreak" became the focus of Richard Preston's bestselling 1995 book "The Hot Zone". During the period of Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990–91) USAMRIID provided the DoD with expert advice and products (vaccines and drugs) to ensure an effective medical response if a medical defense were required. USAMRIID scientists trained and equipped six special laboratory teams for rapid identification of potential BW agents, which fortunately never appeared. Following the conflict, USAMRIID physicians and engineers were key members of a United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) Inspection Team that evaluated the BW capabilities in Iraq during the 1990s. In late 2001, USAMRIID became the FBI’s reference lab for forensic evidence related to the bioterror incident known as "Amerithrax" in which anthrax-laden letters were sent through the US Postal Service, killing 5 people and sickening 17 others. The response by USAMRIID as it interacted with the FBI, HHS, DOJ, CIA and the White House are detailed in Richard Preston's 2002 book "The Demon in the Freezer". An inspection by USAMRMC, conducted seven months after the Amerithrax incidents, found that Suite B-3 in Building 1425 at the Institute not only was contaminated with anthrax in three locations but the bacteria had escaped from secure areas in the building to those that were unprotected. The report stated that, "safety procedures at the facility and in individual laboratories were lax and inadequately documented; that safety supervision sometimes was carried out by junior personnel with inadequate training or survey instruments; and that exposures of dangerous bacteria at the lab, including anthrax, had not been adequately reported." In August 2008, a USAMRIID scientist, Dr. Bruce Ivins, was identified as the lone Amerithrax culprit by the FBI. Ivins had allegedly expressed homicidal thoughts and exhibited mental instability before and after the attacks occurred. He had maintained his security clearance at the Institute, and retained access to dangerous substances, until mid-July 2008, at the end of which month he committed suicide. Also in August 2008, Secretary of the Army Pete Geren ordered the creation of a team of medical and military experts to review security measures at the Institute. The team is headed by a two-star general, and will include representatives from USAMRMC, the Army's Surgeon General, and Army operations. U.S. Representatives John D. Dingell and Bart Stupak have stated that they will lead investigations into security at the Institute as part of a review of all the nation's biodefense labs. Safety policies changed at USAMRIID following an incident in March 2010. A young microbiologist became trapped in the -30 freezer portion of 'Little Alaska.' Due do the corroded nature of the freezer door, the woman was trapped in the life-threatening conditions for over 40 minutes. Thankfully by chance she was recovered and the incident was labelled only a near miss. USAMRIID instituted a mandatory '2 man freezer policy' and worked to keep both the quality of the door and the security in that surrounding area up to a higher standard. Groundbreaking occurred in August 2009 for a new, state-of-the-art, facility at Ft Detrick for USAMRIID. The building, being constructed by Manhattan Torcon Joint Venture under the supervision of the US Army Corps of Engineers, is projected for completion and partial occupation by 2015 or '16 and full occupation by 2017. This delay to the project delivery is in part due to a fire within the BSL4 laboratory area

The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women is a nonfiction book by Naomi Wolf, published in 1990 by Chatto & Windus. It was republished in 2002 by HarperPerennial with a new introduction. The basic premise of "The Beauty Myth" is that as the social power and prominence of women have increased, the pressure they feel to adhere to unrealistic social standards of physical beauty has also grown stronger because of commercial influences on the mass media. This pressure leads to unhealthy behaviors by women and a preoccupation with appearance in both sexes, and it compromises the ability of women to be effective in and accepted by society. In her introduction, Wolf offers the following analysis: Wolf also posits the idea of an iron maiden, an intrinsically unattainable standard that is then used to punish women physically and psychologically for their failure to achieve and conform to it. Wolf criticizes the fashion and beauty industries as exploitative of women, but claims the beauty myth extends into all areas of human functioning. Wolf writes that women should have "the choice to do whatever we want with our faces and bodies without being punished by an ideology that is using attitudes, economic pressure, and even legal judgments regarding women's appearance to undermine us psychologically and politically". Wolf argued that women were under assault by the "beauty myth" in five areas: work, religion, sex, violence, and hunger. Ultimately, Wolf argues for a relaxation of normative standards of beauty. Wolf's book was a quick bestseller, garnering intensely polarized responses from the public and mainstream media, but winning praise from many feminists. Second-wave feminist Germaine Greer wrote that "The Beauty Myth" was "the most important feminist publication since "The Female Eunuch", and Gloria Steinem wrote, "The Beauty Myth" is a smart, angry, insightful book, and a clarion call to freedom. Every woman should read it." British novelist Fay Weldon called the book "essential reading for the New Woman", and Betty Friedan wrote in "Allure" magazine that ""The Beauty Myth" and the controversy it is eliciting could be a hopeful sign of a new surge of feminist consciousness." With the publication of "The Beauty Myth", Wolf became a leading spokesperson of what was later described as the third wave of the feminist movement. In "Who Stole Feminism?" (1994) Christina Hoff Sommers criticized Wolf for publishing the claim that 150,000 women were dying every year from anorexia in the United States, writing that the actual figure was more likely to be somewhere between 100 and 400 per year. Similarly, a 2004 paper compared Wolf's eating disorder statistics to statistics from peer-reviewed epidemiological studies and concluded that 'on average, an anorexia statistic in any edition of the "The Beauty Myth" should be divided by eight to get near the real statistic.' Schoemaker calculated that there are about 525 annual deaths from anorexia, 286 times less than Wolf's statistic. Humanities scholar Camille Paglia also criticized the book, arguing that Wolf's historical research and analysis was flawed. Within women's studies, scholars posit that the Beauty Myth is a powerful force that keeps women focused on and distracted by body image and that provides both men and women with a way to judge and limit women due to their physical appearance. Magazines, posters, television ads and social media sites are, in this hypothesis, among the many platforms today that perpetuate beauty standards for both men and women. The daily presence and circulation of these platforms, it is argued, makes escaping these ideals almost impossible. Women and men alike are faced with ideal bodies, bodies that are marketed as attainable through diets and gym memberships. However, for most people these beauty standards are neither healthy nor achievable through diet or exercise. Women often place a greater importance on weight loss than on maintaining a healthy average weight, and they commonly make great financial and physical sacrifices to reach these goals. Yet failing to embody these ideals makes women targets of criticism and societal scrutiny. Perfectionistic, unattainable goals are cited as an explanation for the increasing rates of plastic surgery and anorexia nervosa. Anorexia is one of the most prevalent eating disorders in Western countries "affecting an estimated 2.5 million people in the United States alone." Of this number, more than 90 percent of anorexics are girls and young women. They suffer from a "serious mental health disease that involves compulsive dieting and drastic weight loss". This weight loss is the result of deliberate self-starvation to achieve a thinner appearance, and it is frequently associated with the disorder bulimia. Anorexia's deep psychological roots make it difficult to treat and often extend the recovery process into a life-long journey. Some feminists believe the beauty myth is part of a system that reinforces male dominance. According to Naomi Wolf, for example, as women increasingly focus their attention on their physical appearance, their focus on equal rights and treatment takes a lower priority. The same is argued in Simone de Beauvoir's "The Second Sex", in which she recounts the effects of societies that condition adolescent girls and young women to behave in feminine ways. According to Beauvoir, these changes encompass a "huge array of social expectations including physical appearance, but unlike the social expectations on boys, the social expectations on girls and women usually inhibit them from acting freely". In her argument, Beauvoir cites things such as clothing, make-up, diction and manners as subjects of scrutiny that women face but men do not. Studies reveal that women today strive to achieve aesthetic ideals because they recognize the correlation between beauty and social standing. According to Dr. Vivian Diller's book "Face It: What Women Really Feel as their Looks Change and What to Do About It", "most women agree, reporting the good looks continue to be associated with respect, legitimacy, and power in their relationships". In the commercial world, hiring, evaluations and promotions based on physical appearance push women to place the importance of beauty above that of their work and skills. Over the course of history, beauty ideals for women have changed drastically to represent societal views. During the days of slavery, race and skin color were the main factors in being considered beautiful. Women with fair skin were idealized and segregated and used to justify the unfair treatment of dark-skinned women. In the early 1900s, the ideal female body was represented by a pale complexion and cinched-waist; freckles, sun spots, and/or skin imperfections led to scrutiny by others. In 1920, women with a thinner frame and small bust were seen as beautiful, while the ideal body type of full-chested, hourglass figures began in the early 1950s, leading to a spike in plastic surgery and eating disorders. Society is continually shifting the socially constructed ideals of beauty imposed on women.

Thomas & Friends (previously known as Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends) is a children's television series about the engines and other characters working on the railways of the Island of Sodor, and is based on The Railway Series books written by the Rev. W. Awdry. This article lists and details episodes from the 2nd series of the show, which was first broadcast in 1986. This series was initially narrated by Ringo Starr for the U.K. audiences, who re-dubbed 16 episodes for the U.S. audiences on "Shining Time Station". The entire series was later re-dubbed by George Carlin for the U.S. audiences. Most episodes in this series have 2 titles: the original titles from the U.K. broadcasts are shown on top, while the American-adapted titles are shown underneath. However, all episodes in Series 2 had the same name in both the United Kingdom and the United States. This was the last series to be narrated by Ringo Starr, as well as the last series to be produced by Robert D. Cardona. It was produced by Clearwater Features Ltd. for Britt Allcroft (Thomas) Ltd. Christopher Awdry was commissioned to write a new "Railway Series" book as source material for the second series. Three stories from "More About Thomas the Tank Engine" provided additional roles for Bertie the Bus, Terence the Tractor, and Harold the Helicopter. The episodes "Thomas and the Missing Christmas Tree" and "Thomas and Trevor" were both one-off stories written by Christopher. The following series would begin to use original stories by the production staff, with some of the remaining "Railway Series" stories deemed "repetitive and too 'story-book' orientated". Early in production, a 3rd episode based on "The Twin Engines" was due to be filmed, based largely on the story "The Missing Coach." The model crew had gone as far as filming scenes on the Tidmouth Station set with Thomas arriving at the station, before Britt Allcroft decided the episode had too little action and its storyline would be too difficult to understand by younger viewers. Several promotional stills from the filming of that episode have surfaced in various "Thomas" publications, while David Mitton was believed to be in possession of the original film footage.

"Itchy & Scratchy Land" is the fourth episode of "The Simpsons"' sixth season. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 2, 1994. Wanting a perfect family vacation, the Simpson family visits Itchy & Scratchy Land. It was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Wes Archer. Bart and Lisa see a commercial for an amusement park named Itchy & Scratchy Land, and immediately want to visit it. However, Marge has already booked a family vacation to a bird sanctuary, but after revealing that the theme park has an area for adults, Bart and Lisa win their parents over. Although going well, the family's vacation is ruined when Bart launches a stink bomb into an actor's Itchy suit and is arrested by park security. When Bart arrives in a cell, he finds Homer, who is in there for kicking another Itchy character. Meanwhile, all the Itchy and Scratchy robots go rogue and begin attacking humans. Bart and Homer are released and just as Marge is lecturing them, all power is cut and a horde of Itchy and Scratchy robots advance towards them. One of the park employees refuses to let them escape on the helicopter with them due to Homer and Bart's misdeeds at the park. Homer frantically throws everything he can at them and discovers that the flash of a camera short circuits the robots' systems. The Simpsons then grab dozens of cameras from a closed gift shop and defeat the entire Itchy & Scratchy army. The family is thanked for saving the park and agree that it was their best vacation ever. "Itchy & Scratchy Land", written by the entire writing team but credited to John Swartzwelder, was a very difficult episode to produce. It involved creating an entirely new environment, which meant large amounts of writing and all new sets. At the time that the episode was produced, new, more stringent censorship laws had been put in place. As a result, the Fox network tried to stop the writers from including "Itchy & Scratchy" cartoons in episodes. In response, the writers created this episode, which they decided would be as violent as possible. The network threatened that if the episode was produced, they would cut the "Itchy & Scratchy" parts out themselves, but relented when showrunner David Mirkin threatened to tell the media. The writers nevertheless promised to try not to overdo the violence. Although the episode was quite difficult to animate, "Itchy & Scratchy Land" was "a dream come true" for the animators, as they enjoyed animating scenes filled with violence. Much of Itchy & Scratchy Land parodies Disneyland. Euro Itchy & Scratchy Land is a parody of Disneyland Resort Paris, then known as EuroDisney, which at the time was failing. Several scenes, such as the helicopter ride, the logo visible on the helicopter's side, and certain story elements, parody the Michael Crichton book and film "Jurassic Park". Other parts of the episode, such as the park's claim to be the "theme park of the future", and the plot of the robots at the park rebelling, are based on another Crichton story, "Westworld". "Scratchtasia" is a reference to the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" segment of the Disney film "Fantasia", with several shots and the music parodying it exactly. "Pinnitchio" is a parody of the 1940 Disney film "Pinocchio". Hans Moleman being attacked by predatory birds while in the phone booth is a spoof of the 1963 Alfred Hitchcock film "The Birds". Walt Disney's alleged antisemitism is spoofed in the character of Roger Meyers, Sr. in his cartoon "Nazi Supermen Are Our Superiors". The sound made by the vehicle which takes Bart to the detention facility resembles the one made by the ground shuttles carrying the fighter pilots inside the Rebel Base in the 1977 film "Star Wars". Marge's Amish flashback recalls Peter Weir's 1985 film "Witness". In its original broadcast, "Itchy & Scratchy Land" finished 67th in ratings for the week of September 26 to October 2, 1994, with a Nielsen rating of 9.0, equivalent to approximately 8.6 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following "Beverly Hills, 90210", "The X-Files", and tied with "Melrose Place". The episode placed seventh in a 2003 "Entertainment Weekly" list of the top 25 episodes of the series, with the authors remarking, "When the animatronics attack, the showdown between man and machine—okay, Homer and a giant robot mouse—is an uproarious rebuttal to capitalism run amok." Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood called it "an untypical episode, with an especially thin plot", but added that "anyone that's been to Disneyland will get the point". The episode is number six on "MSNBC"s top ten "The Simpsons" episodes list, compiled in 2007. In 2014, "The Simpsons" writers picked "Scratchtasia" from this episode as one of their nine favorite "Itchy & Scratchy" episodes of all time. The scene in the gift shop where Bart finds a personalized license plate with the name "Bort" has become part of popular culture, inspiring vanity plates among fans and souvenirs in "The Simpsons"-themed stores at Universal Orlando. Writer Bill Oakley said he always liked the joke but was surprised it took on a "legendary status". "Planet Simpson" author Chris Turner called the joke "unmistakably Simpsonian".

Electronic Attack Squadron 137 (VAQ-137) also known as the "Rooks", is a United States Navy electronic attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island Washington, flying the Boeing EA-18G Growler. The squadron is attached to Carrier Air Wing 1 (CVW-1), which is currently assigned to the . Their radio callsign is "Rook" and their tailcode is "AB" of CVW-1. There have been two separate squadrons designated VAQ-137. The Navy's rules of squadron lineage do not allow a subsequent squadron using the same designation (in this case: VAQ-137) as a previous squadron to lay claim to the history or heritage of the former squadron, but the subsequent squadron may use the former squadron's insignia and or name in homage to the former. The histories of both squadrons are outlined below. VAQ-137 was established on 14 Dec 1973 and first deployed in 1974 with CVW-14 for a WESTPAC cruise aboard , flying EXCAP EA-6B Prowlers. In April 1975, on station in the South China Sea, the squadron provided essential electronic surveillance for Operation Frequent Wind, the evacuation of Americans from Saigon. Between 1976 and 1978, the squadron made two Mediterranean cruises with CVW-6 aboard . In April 1976, the squadron provided standoff ECM support for the evacuation of Americans from civil-war-torn Beirut, Lebanon. During the two cruises, the squadron obtained emitter data and the first Navy photos of the USSR 's Kiev-class aircraft carrier and their newest Kara-class cruiser. Between 1979 and 1982, VAQ-137 made three WESTPAC cruises with CVW-2 aboard the . In January 1981, the squadron were on station in the North Arabian Sea when the Iranians released 52 American hostages held since November 1979. In March, USS "Ranger" received the Humanitarian Service Medal for the rescue of 138 Vietnamese boat people after a VAQ-137 crew sighted them. In 1983, the squadron joined CVW-3 for a Mediterranean cruise aboard . In November, they participated in a coordinated French/US air strike against an Iranian training camp at Baalbek, Lebanon. In December, they participated in a strike against SAM/AAA sites east of Beirut, providing essential radar jamming. In February 1984, the ROOKS flew support missions while peacekeeping forces pulled out of Lebanon. In 1984, the ROOKS were the first EA-6B squadron to transition to ICAP II. Between 1985 and 1987, the squadron made two Med cruises with CVW-17 aboard . After the Italian cruiseliner, MS Achille Lauro was hijacked in October 1985, CVW-17 aircraft intercepted the hijackers' plane and forced them to land at a NATO airfield. In March 1986, VAQ-137 participated in the successful air strike against an SA-5 site at Sirte, Libya. In 1989, the squadron joined CVW-1 for a Mediterranean and Indian Ocean cruise aboard USS "America". During nine months at sea, VAQ-137 participated in nine major exercises in the North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean. They sailed from the Arctic Circle to the Equator via the Suez Canal. In August, when Lieutenant Colonel Higgins, USMC, was executed in Lebanon, USS "America" emergency sortied from Singapore to be on station in the North Arabian Sea to provide electronic surveillance for contingency operations. When the United States evacuated the Beirut Embassy in September, the squadron provided EW support to the operation. In December 1990, the squadron deployed aboard USS "America" with five ICAP 2 Prowlers in support of Operation Desert Storm. During 212 combat sorties, the Rooks provided ECM coverage and fired 30 AGM-88 HARM missiles in support of the United Nations Coalition Forces. VAQ-137 was the only EA-6B squadron to fight the war from both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Following the ceasefire, the squadron completed the Desert Storm deployment with a five aircraft TransMed and TransLant fly-off en route to Whidbey Island. After only four months, VAQ-137 returned to USS "America" in August 1991, and deployed to the North Atlantic for operations in the Norwegian Fjords during NORTHSTAR '91. In December 1991, the squadron deployed aboard USS "America" for MED 2-91. After three months of Mediterranean operations the USS "America" sortied again for the Persian Gulf in March 1992. VAQ-137’s last deployment ended in February 1994. During that deployment, the squadron participated in Operation Continue Hope over Somalia, Southern Watch over Iraq and Deny Flight over Bosnia. The squadron was disestablished on 26 May 1994, In 1995, Program Budget Decisions 752 and 753 detailed the establishment of 5 EA-6B squadrons to replace the USAF EF-111A Raven in fulfilling the Joint Electronic Attack role. The current VAQ-137 was the third of those five squadrons to be established. The second/current VAQ-137 was established on 1 October 1996 at NAS Whidbey Island, Washington. Upon reaching full operational capability, the squadron was assigned to carrier Air Wing One and deployed aboard the . During the 1997 deployment to the Persian Gulf in support of Operation Southern Watch, the squadron achieved 91 combat missions, 275 combat hours, 618 flight hours, 230 arrested landings, and a 100% Operation Southern Watch sortie completion rate. In addition, the squadron operated the largest carrier based EA-6B squadron in history; eight aircraft deployed and seven flown back to NAS Whidbey Island. The squadron assimilated 3 additional aircraft, 12 aircrew, and 10 maintenance personnel to meet the increased JCS CONOPS requirements. At the conclusion of the deployment, VAQ-137 was awarded the Commander, Naval Air Forces Atlantic Fleet, Battle Efficiency Award for outstanding performance during 1997 and the semi-annual Safety “S” for the second half of 1997. In September 1999, the squadron deployed aboard the while attached to Carrier Battle Group SIX (CCG-6) and Carrier Air Wing One (CVW-1). In addition to other exercises, the Rooks participated in the “Bright Star” exercise off the coast of Egypt. The Rooks were both the first and last members of CVW-1 to fly missions in support of Operation Southern Watch combat sorties. VAQ-137 deployed on the on 19 September 2001. The squadron were the first Prowler squadron to deploy with night vision goggles and accumulated 751 NVD hours. The squadron spent a record 159 days at sea during Operation Enduring Freedom, flying three consecutive months of 400+ hours with 254 combat sorties flown. In February 2003 the squadron began pre-deployment workups, completing TSTA III and COMTUEX in September 2003 and began deployment on 3 October 2003 with CVW-1 on board the . In early December 2003 the squadron were notified during a port call in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, that a detachment from the squadron was needed in Bagram Airfield Afghanistan. Less than 48 hours after official notification arrived, the squadron offloaded and transported approximately 17,000 pounds of cargo and more than 30 people to Bagram, and set up spaces to catch the inbound aircraft from the ship, becoming the first EA-6B Prowler squadron to be forward deployed to the base. In January 2004 the squadron was relieved by EA-6Bs from VAQ-142 and redeployed to the USS "Enterprise" to complete their deployment. In May 2006, the Rooks deployed onboard USS "Enterprise" as a component of Carrier Air Wing ONE and Carrier Strike Group TWO. VAQ-137 successfully conducted split site operations in Al Asad Airbase, Iraq in direct support of the Global War on Terrorism. In July 2007, the squadron deployed on the USS "Enterprise" in the Persian Gulf. In 2010, the squadron had an Inter Deployment Readiness Cycle (IDRC). In 2011 the squadron supported combat operations in both Afghanistan and Iraq in Operations Enduring Freedom and the Iraq War, as well as counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean. The squadron transitioned from ICAP III aircraft to the older ICAP II aircraft. The beginning of 2012 saw the squadron prepare for deployment with COMTUEX and JTFX in January and February. After a short turnaround at home at NAS Whidbey Island, the squadron deployed for the final voyage of USS "Enterprise". The deployment was dominated by providing direct support for combat operations in Operation Enduring Freedom, where the squadron amassed 165 combat sorties and 1040 combat hours. In October 2013 the squadron were deemed 'Safe for flight' in the EA-18G. Four Navy Unit Commendations, three Meritorious Unit Commendations, six Battle "E”s, three Navy Expeditionary Medals, two Armed Forces Expeditionary Medals, one Humanitarian Service Medal and four Safety "S" awards. In 1988, the squadron was awarded the Prowler Excellence Award. Twice the Rooks were selected "Prowler Squadron of the Year", and four times they've been awarded the prestigious Admiral Arthur W. Radford Award for highest achievement in electronic warfare among all VAQ/VMAQ squadrons. CDR R. M. McDivet (DEC73-NOV74) CDR J. K. Flyum (NOV74-NOV75) CDR G. Miller (NOV75-MAR77) CDR R. F. Dewalt (MAR77-JUN78) CDR R. F. Sullivan (JUN78-SEP79) CDR J. B. Lamb (SEP79-OCT80) CDR L. E. Gardiner (OCT80-JAN82) CDR T. J. Williams (JAN82-JUL83) CDR J. E. Eckart (JUL83-JAN85) CDR D. C. Roper (JAN85-MAY86) CDR R. C. Christian (MAY86-OCT87) CDR T. F. Noonan (OCT87-JUN89) CDR M. V. Sherrard (JUN89-OCT90) CDR R. E. Stevens (OCT90-MAR92) CDR K. G. Krech (MAR92-JUN93) CDR S. A. Ewell (JUN93-JUN94) CDR R. C. Plucker (OCT96-MAY97) CDR M. C. Geron (MAY97-OCT98) CDR J. K. Gruetzmacher (OCT98-JAN00) CDR W.T. Griffin (JAN00-APR01) CDR G.C. Peterson (APR01-AUG02) CDR B.J. Glackin (AUG02-OCT03) CDR J.S. Ruth (OCT03-FEB05) CDR K. Meenaghan (FEB05-MAY06) CDR M. Buchanan (MAY06-OCT07) CDR James Lins(OCT07-PRES) CDR G. Patenaude (JAN09-APR10) CDR D. Edgarton (APR10-JUN11) CDR M. MacNicholl (JUN11-OCT12) CDR T. Estes (OCT12-JAN14) CDR C.M. Bahner (FEB14-Present)

A women's shelter, also known as a women's refuge and battered women's shelter, is a place of temporary protection and support for women escaping domestic violence and intimate partner violence of all forms. The term is also frequently used to describe a location for the same purpose that is open to people of all genders at risk. Representative data samples done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that one in three women will experience physical violence during their lifetime. One in ten will experience sexual violence. Women's shelters help individuals escape these instances of domestic violence and intimate partner violence and act as a place for protection as they choose how to move forward. Additionally, many shelters offer a variety of other services to help women and their children including Counseling and legal guidance. The ability to escape is valuable for women subjected to domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Additionally, such situations frequently involve an imbalance of power that limits the victim's financial options when they want to leave. Shelters help women gain tangible resources to help them and their families create a new life. Lastly, shelters are valuable to Battered women because they can help them find a sense of empowerment. Women's shelters are available in more than forty-five countries. They are supported with government resources as well as non-profit funds. Additionally, many philanthropists also help and support these institutions. The very first women's shelter in Canada was started in 1965 by the Harbour Rescue Mission (now Mission Services) in Hamilton, Ontario. It was named Inasmuch House, with the name referencing a Bible verse (Matthew 25:40) quoting Jesus Christ as saying "Inasmuch as you have done it for the least of these, you have done it for me." It was designed to be a practical outworking of Christian values relating to justice and care. Although originally conceived as a shelter for women leaving prison, by 1970, its clientele had become women escaping abuse by their partners. The concept of Inasmuch House was shared with other Christian inner-city missions across North America and led to the opening of other such shelters. The first shelters in Canada developed from a feminist perspective were started by Interval House, Toronto in April of 1973, and the Ishtar Transition Housing Society in Langley, B.C.in June of 1973. These homes were grass roots organizations that lived on short term grants at first, with staff often working sacrificially in order to keep the houses running to ensure women's safety. From there,the movement in Canada grew, with women's shelters opening under a variety of names - often as a Transition House or Interval House - opening up across the country in order to help women flee from abusive situations. The first women's shelter in the United States was likely established in St. Paul, Minnesota shortly after the first domestic violence hotline was established in the same location. However, other early locations include Rosie's Place in Boston, Massachusetts, which was opened in 1974 by Kip Tiernan, and the Atlanta Union Mission in Atlanta, opened by Elsie Huck. Women's shelters evolved over time. Grassroots community advocates in the 1970s offered shelters as one of the first services for victims of intimate partner violence. At this time, most shelters were for emergencies and involved stays less than six months. Volunteers and shelter workers offered legal and welfare referrals to women when they exited but contact afterwards was limited. More recent programs, such as those funded by the Violence Against Women Act, offer longer term stays for women. These locations, as well as Transitional housing, offer more services to women and their children. Another recent change is the increasing amount of shelters publicizing their locations to increase funding and visibility in the community. Due to a larger women's movement, the number of shelters quickly increased after their induction and by 1977 the United States had eighty-nine shelters available for victims of violence. By 2000, the United States had over 2,000 domestic violence programs in place, many with domestic violence shelters included. For Asia, offering shelter to abused women is not a new concept. In feudal Japan, Buddhist temples known as Kakekomi Dera acted as locations where abused women could take shelter before filing for divorce. A formal system took more time, however, so it was not until 1993 that the grassroots women's movement of Japan built the first shelter. Today, there are thirty shelters throughout the country. A similar history did not lead to as much progress in China. Women's shelters did not exist until the nineties and since then the country only opened a small number. In Beijing there are no shelters for the twenty million residents. In England, Erin Pizzey opened the first widely known shelter for battered women, Chiswick Women's Aid in 1971. Since this time almost every European country has opened shelters to help domestic violence victims. Two countries even offer shelters for particular ethnicities and cultures. Additionally, a new development in Europe is that countries like the Netherlands and Austria opened social housing for long term stays. One reason for this growth is the Istanbul Convention against Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, a convention signed by forty-seven Council of Europe member states in 2011. An article in the Convention sets the creation of women's shelters as a minimum standard for compliance. Women's shelters offer temporary refuge for women escaping acts of domestic violence or intimate partner violence. Many women become homeless in this situation because they are financially dependent on their abuser and these resources help to incentivize and support escape. The average length of stay for women is between thirty and sixty days in the United States. However, this varies in different countries and in Europe, for example, four countries limit stays to a few weeks. Transitional housing, another form of women's shelter, offers stays of up to a year while certain communities offer public and private housing for even longer periods. There is high demand for shelter services in the United States. A one-day national census done by the National Network to End Domestic Violence found that emergency shelters served over 66,581 people in one day and over 9,000 requests could not be met during the same period. In Europe there is a similar pattern of over-demand. Utilization by women is not consistent across the population of intimate partner violence victims, however. Women with children tend to use shelters more often as well as those that are injured physically. Additionally, rural women have more trouble accessing services due to isolation and a lack of resources. Shelters are usually offered as part of a comprehensive domestic violence program that can also include a crisis hotline, services for non-sheltered children, an education program, a community speaker list, and an offender treatment program. Shelters themselves also offer a variety of services. They provide counseling, support groups and skills workshops to help women move on independently. These act as tools of empowerment for women in conjunction with goal setting programs. Lastly, they offer support for children as well as legal and medical advocacy. Most residents of women's shelters are the children of women who are victims of violence. This is one reason why more than half of shelters offered services to this portion of the population in a survey of 215 shelters in the United States. Services for children often include counseling and group therapy options that are meant to strengthen parent-child relationships and help with mental well-being. Recently, shelters also responded to increasing numbers of male victims by offering help mostly in the form of hotel vouchers. In the United States, certain shelters do not permit access to men. This practice was challenged in "Blumhorst v. Haven Hills," a court case in California ("Los Angeles Superior Court Case No. However, the court dismissed the case because the plaintiff lacked standing – he was not involved in an abusive relationship and did not need shelter. Certain groups are critical of the smaller amount of resources available to men in the United States and across the world. However, other sources dispute the view that male-only refuges are wanted or needed by most male victims, arguing that the issue has been misrepresented out of misogyny rather than genuine concern. The Istanbul Convention, for example, states that the creation of women's shelters is not discriminatory. Many shelters do permit access today, including the Domestic Abuse Project (DAP) of Delaware County which offers services to both sexes. According to their own reports, around three percent of DAP supported individuals have been men. In the United Kingdom, many places are open to house male victims of domestic violence, or to house families barred from other shelters, such as women with older male children. In Canada, approximately 8 percent of women's shelters are also open to adult men. Women's shelters in the United States are supported at a state and national level. Over 50% of the funding offered at the state level, however, comes from the federal government through grants. Services are generally administered through Domestic Violence Intervention Programs (DVIPs) funded by the Family Violence Services Act, the Victims of Crime Act of 1984, and the Violence Against Women Act. Various non-profits also contribute to the services offered and provide a national voice for the issue. Examples include the National Network to End Domestic Violence which represents fifty-six U.S. states and territories, the National Organization for Victim Assistance, and local United Ways. Reports show that on any day over 5,000 women are unable to use services because of a lack of funding or space. Many states have also cut their funds for women's shelters. In 2009, Governor Schwarzenegger of California cut $16 million in state funding to domestic violence programs because of the state's budget deficit. In late 2011 Washington governor Christine Gregoire released a budget proposal stripping all state funding for domestic violence and women's shelters across Washington State. These types of budget cuts caused several shelters to close their doors, leaving women with no safe haven to escape Intimate partner violence. Local communities are now also taking it upon themselves to create a safe place for domestic violence refugees. In Grand Forks, British Columbia, a small community of less than 3,600, people organized the Boundary Women's Coalition, to support their local women's shelter. Women often suffer lasting mental conditions from their abuse including anxiety disorders, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Since women in shelters have more likely experienced severe physical and mental abuse than those who do not utilize these services, they are also more likely to experience PTSD. In fact, a national organizational survey compiled four separate studies of female support group or shelter users and reported PTSD rates between 45% and 84% (Astin, Lawrence, Pincus, & Foy, 1990; Houskamp & Foy,1991; Roberts, 1996a; Saunders, 1994). These emotional and mental consequences have an effect on women's career opportunities and ability to function in normal life. Women's shelters try to counteract these effects as well as prevent future instances of abuse. However, PTSD can prohibit women from utilizing shelter resources effectively. Shelter utilization may lead to the better functioning of survivors and fewer reports of abuse in the short term. Research that studied 3,410 residents of 215 domestic violence across the United States linked longer shelter stays with increased well-being and better help-seeking behaviors. The latter is a result of increased knowledge about services and options available to women in vulnerable positions as well as increased empowerment. This may indicate that transition services and longer residential offerings are more valuable. Many women report re-abuse after leaving a shelter. A sample study done by Bybee and Sullivan, which analyzed data from 124 victims who utilized shelters, found no positive effect on re-abuse three years after shelter use. Additionally, with current resource restraints in the United States, standard shelters do not provide the PTSD or psychotherapeutic treatments necessary for full support. They also have issues with under-serving the community because of a shortage of funded staff, a lack of bilingual staff, and inadequate facilities. Shelters in Europe are similarly limited and only eight countries fulfill the minimum standards for shelters set by the Istanbul Convention. Another criticism of the shelters in Europe is that they have strict age limits that keep male children out and certain shelters discriminate against women from other countries or who identify as lesbian or transgender.

John Clipperton (1676 – June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific—the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger—at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout. He would later become captain of the "Success" as part of a different privateering syndicate, in which he also held under his nominal command Captain George Shelvocke of the "Speedwell". In his activities attacking Spanish targets on the west coast of the Americas, he used Clipperton Island as a base from which to stage his attacks and store loot and supplies, fortifying Clipperton Rock and expanding its cave network. Much more is known about Clipperton's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean in 1719. By that time he had become an able and diligent captain, but he was still unable to control his rash temper. In 1718 a group of London merchants, the "Gentleman Venturers", had financed a privateering expedition in expectation of the outbreak of the War of the Quadruple Alliance, with a commission to cruise against the Spanish in the South Sea. Clipperton in the "Success" sailed with the "Speedwell", captained by George Shelvocke. Clipperton had replaced Shelvocke as overall commander of the expedition before the two ships left Plymouth in February 1719. The ships lost contact with each other shortly after during a storm in the Bay of Biscay and did not meet up again until nearly two years later in the Pacific. On the voyage around Cape Horn, Clipperton dallied in the islands there hoping that "Speedwell", which had been separated from "Success" in the storm, would catch up. When the "Success" departed the area, Clipperton left two men marooned as punishment on Juan Fernández, which Alexander Selkirk (who may have partly inspired the Robinson Crusoe story) had been marooned on years before. Clipperton sailed right around South America, raiding Spanish shipping about the coasts of Perú at the so-called "Southern Seas", where he was chased by Spanish admiral Blas de Lezo during the latter's first safety operations in the area. The privateer managed to escape Blas de Lezo and finally fled to Asian shores, where he was taken for dead. He captured his old enemy the Marquis de Villa-Rocha, whom he treated with much respect. Later, his travels carried him to Mexico and to Macau, where he stayed as his health deteriorated. He then sailed to Batavia (now Jakarta) in the Dutch East Indies, finally returning to his family in Galway in Ireland in June 1722. He died a week after returning home.

Old Main is the oldest building on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, Arkansas. It is one of the most recognizable symbols of the University (especially to alumni and residents of the state of Arkansas), and of higher education in general in Arkansas. Old Main was constructed between 1873 and 1875 as part of a land grant for the state of Arkansas. At this time it was known as University Hall. It was designed by Chicago architect John Mills Van Osdel, and construction was carried out by William Mayes of the firm of Mayes and Oliver. G. N. Wright was one of the contractors. In 1873, the University of Arkansas purchased Van Osdel's plans for the University Hall at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (demolished in 1938) and erected an identical structure. The contract to construct the Hall was signed by the superintendent of public instruction, Joseph Carter Corbin, who was the highest elected African American official in Arkansas during Reconstruction. Most of the building materials used in Old Main came from local areas, because the nearest river port was 60 miles away and the nearest railroad was 150 miles away. 136 miles of lumber came by oxen-drawn wagons from the Peter Van Winkle Sawmill near historic War Eagle Mill in Benton County. The red exterior bricks were made from clay dug on campus and fired in kilns built west of Old Main. The brown sandstone used for the foundation and basement was also quarried from near the building site. The five-story building contained 2,600,000 bricks when originally constructed. After nearly a hundred years of use, Old Main had really begun to show its age, and in 1981 the building was closed for safety reasons. After a considerable period of debate over whether to restore the old building or tear it down, restoration work began in the summer of 1989 and Old Main was renovated extensively. The renovation proceeded ahead of schedule, and it was finished during the spring semester of 1991 at a cost of $10 million. It was rededicated during the Fall of 1991. Prior to the extensive restoration of 1986–1991, the building was fondly remembered for its large, open, and decorative central stairwell. However, this stairwell effectively formed a chimney which violated any number of building codes to which the renovated building would have to conform. To preserve the stairwell's appearance and function while still conforming to modern safety standards, an innovative automated fire protection system was installed which would slide out and close protective fire doors from concealed storage areas on each floor, effectively sealing the stairwell off. In the original building, stairwells were also sited at either end of the central "shotgun" hallway. These were closed off during the 1986–1991 restoration. Additional stairwells were sited at the ends of the wings, again to conform to building codes. The original 19th century Corinthian iron columns, featured prominently in almost all photographs of Old Main's wings, remain in place to this day. To conform to building codes, all but one floor's worth have been reinforced with welded steel and encased in fireproof boxes. The original columns in Giffels Auditorium were preserved in the renovation process. In order to preserve these columns while still conforming to building codes, they needed to be rendered non-structural. The north wing of the building was therefore completely reconstructed such that loads are carried by the walls instead of the columns. The distinctive "inset" look of the windows of the modern Giffels auditorium are a result of this restructuring and reinforcement. In 2005 the building underwent another round of renovations. At that time, it received a new roof, aging mortar was replaced, and a clock face was installed in the south tower. During its history, Old Main has housed many different departments and served many different administrative functions. It currently houses the offices of the J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, its honors program and five academic departments, as well as classrooms and meeting spaces. The north tower stands 130 feet tall and the south tower stands 123 feet tall. The front doors of the building still retain their original hinges. The cornerstone of the building lists its original cost in 1871 dollars, $186,000. The sweeping stairwell leading to the attic of the building found at the center of the top floor is original to the structure. The walls of the rooms in the central "shotgun" hallway are structural and largely conform to the plan of the original building. The cast-iron sides of the seats in the Giffels auditorium are supposedly cast from original molds. The arboretum (the large lawn area in front of Old Main) is a home to one of every type of tree in Arkansas (with a few exceptions, such as the umbrella magnolia, "Magnolia tripetala") and once used to be a training ground for military officers when military tactics were taught at the University. It also served as a place where the band would march and play. Today, the band practices in lot 56 (a parking lot on campus), and the arboretum is simply a green space where students can study, play games, or simply stroll through and enjoy. In 2002, a statue of former student, law faculty member, president of the University, congressman, senator, and namesake of the college housed in Old Main, J. William Fulbright, was erected in the rear courtyard of the building. President Bill Clinton gave a much-anticipated speech at the dedication ceremony. In 1879, the first official bell for Old Main was installed. That bell still exists today, but is no longer in regular use. The last two times it was used was when it rang 10 times in 1985 to mark the $10 million received through donations for the restoration process and in July 1989 to mark the beginning of renovation. Electronic bells were installed during 1949, and dedicated to those students lost in any war. These bells wore out and were replaced with a computerized bell device. It plays the Westminster Chimes every hour from 8 am- 8 pm, a musical selection after noon and the alma mater after five o'clock. Senior Walk is a tradition unique to the University of Arkansas. Senior Walk was established in 1905 by president John Tillman. Each year, all graduates have their name carved into the sidewalk that circles, and cuts through campus. The walk begins directly in front of Old Main with the first graduating class, of 1876. Even though when Old Main was built, the southern tower was meant to hold a clock, one was not put in when the building was constructed. Although there was no clock face, the building did have a bell in the opposite tower that rang every hour and half-hour and could be heard all over campus, as well as most of downtown Fayetteville and surrounding areas. When President Bill Clinton gave a much-anticipated speech at the J. William Fulbright statue dedication ceremony, Clinton asked Chancellor John White, "Where is the clock?" Three years later, Old Main received a clock face. On October 27, 2005, after more than 130 years without a functioning clock face, a specially constructed clock was completed and dedicated on the South Tower. This was in celebration of reaching a "Campaign for Twenty-First Century" campaign goal of $1 billion and also included the replacement of aging mortar between bricks, replacing the roof, and other minor aesthetic improvements to the building.

The Party for Social Renewal (, PRS) is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. It is one of the country's leading parties and is currently the main opposition party. Multi-party democracy was introduced to Guinea-Bissau by the ruling African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) in May 1991, and the PRS was established on 14 January 1992 by Kumba Ialá, a former PAIGC member. Ialá was the party's presidential candidate in the 1994 general elections. He received 22% of the vote in the first round on 3 July, progressing to the run-off. Although the other opposition parties united behind him he lost to incumbent President João Bernardo Vieira by the narrow margin of 52%–48%. In the parliamentary elections the PRS won 10.3% of the vote and won 12 seats, emerging as the third-largest party in the National People's Assembly. After Vieira was deposed on 7 May 1999, the transition government under Malam Bacai Sanhá arranged new elections. Ialá ran as the PRS candidate for president for a second time, emerging as the leading candidate in the first round. In the second round he defeated Sanhá by 72%–28%, becoming the country's first non-PAIGC president. The PRS also emerged as the largest party in the National People's Assembly, winning 38 of the 102 seats, whilst the PAIGC was also beaten by the Resistance of Guinea-Bissau-Bafatá Movement. The PRS nominated Caetano N'Tchama as Prime Minister in January 2000. Ialá resigned as President of the PRS in May 2000, although he continued to play an influential role in the party. Prime Minister Alamara Nhassé was elected as party leader in January 2002 at a PRS convention. However, following his dismissal as Prime Minister later in the year, he resigned as party leader and was replaced by Alberto Nan Beia. The PRS's time in power was characterized by a poor economic situation and political instability. Ialá, alleged by critics to be erratic and to have autocratic tendencies, dissolved parliament in November 2002, but early elections intended to be held in February 2003 were delayed several times, until Ialá was ousted in a coup led by Veríssimo Correia Seabra on 14 September 2003. Seabra's military government chose the PRS's general secretary Artur Sanhá to become Prime Minister of a transitional government, with Henrique Rosa as President; they were sworn in on 28 September. Sanhá took office despite the opposition of 15 of the 17 involved political parties, which said that the Prime Minister should be an independent. The 2004 parliamentary elections were won by the PAIGC, which won 45 of the 100 seats; the PRS emerged as the second strongest party in the National People's Assembly with 35 seats. The PRS agreed to support PAIGC in parliament in return for a number of important positions, although it did not get any ministers in the government. Ialá was released from house arrest shortly before the elections, and in March 2005 he was nominated by the PRS as its candidate in the presidential elections that year. However, he finished in third place in the first round, failing to qualify for the run-off, contested by Sanhá and Vieira. Ialá and the PRS protested against the outcome of the first round, claiming to have actually received the most votes, but Ialá later accepted the outcome, while still claiming to have received the most votes, and endorsed Vieira for the second round. After Vieira's assumption of office on 1 October 2005, a crisis within the PAIGC led to several splits that resulted in the PRS becoming the largest party in parliament. On 12 November 2006, Ialá was re-elected head of the PRS at the party's third congress, with about 70% of the vote; the previous leader, Nan Beia, received 20%. His victory was, however, disputed by his opponents within the party. In March 2007, the PRS formed a three-party alliance with the PAIGC and the United Social Democratic Party, as the three parties sought to form a new government. This led to a successful no-confidence vote against Prime Minister Aristides Gomes and his resignation later in the month; on 9 April, the three parties nominated Martinho Ndafa Kabi of the PAIGC for Prime Minister, with President Vieira appointing him to the post. On 17 April a new government was named, composed of ministers from the three parties. In May 2007, following an appeal for the annulment of the third ordinary congress by a faction of the PRS opposed to Ialá, the Regional Court of Bissau cancelled the congress' resolutions and removed Ialá from the party leadership. However, on 23 August 2007 the Supreme Court of Guinea-Bissau reversed this decision and restored Ialá to the party leadership. Members of the PRS were included in the government headed by Carlos Correia, which was appointed on 9 August 2008. The government was dominated by Vieira loyalists and members of PAIGC, but the PRS was given five of the 28 cabinet posts. The November 2008 parliamentary elections saw the PRS win 28 seats, remaining the second-largest party behind the PAIGC. In the 2009 presidential elections Ialá lost to Malam Bacai Sanhá in the run-off. Ialá finished in second place in the first round of the 2012 presidential elections, but a run-off between him and Carlos Gomes Júnior of the PAIGC was not held following a military coup. Ialá died shortly before the 2014 elections. The 2014 elections saw the party nominate Abel Incanda as its presidential candidate, but he finished fourth in the first round with 7% of the vote. However, the PRS won 41 of the 102 seats in the National People's Assembly, remaining the second-largest party after the PAIGC.

Laurel Lisa Holloman (born May 23, 1968) is an American painter and actress. Laurel is best known for playing Tina Kennard in "The L Word". Holloman is the youngest child in her family. She has two older brothers. She attended the University of North Carolina where she graduated with a degree in Performance Communication. She appeared in numerous theater productions in Chapel Hill and Raleigh, North Carolina, as well as in Chicago and London. She studied painting and sculpting at UCLA and at The San Francisco Art Institute. After graduating from UNC, Holloman moved to Chicago to work with the Piven Theatre Workshop. She studied with John Lynn in Los Angeles, and was cast in David Orr's independent feature "Blossom Time". She moved to New York City in early 1994 and appeared in stage productions such as Tennessee Williams' "The Glass Menagerie", Carson McCullers' "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" at the Theatre for the New City. Holloman also performed off-Broadway in Julia Jordan's "Night Swim" at Playwright's Horizons. In 1995, Holloman began her film career with her role as Randy Dean in "The Incredibly True Adventure of Two Girls in Love". She worked steadily in a variety of mostly independent film roles, such as "The Myth of Fingerprints", "Boogie Nights" and "Tumbleweeds". In 2005, Holloman appeared in Showtime's The L Word as Tina Kennard. For this role, she was presented with a Golden Satellite Award in 2005 as Best Actress in a Drama series. In 2012, Holloman had two solo shows: "Coeur libre" and "Free Falling". She received favorable reviews for "Free Falling", which was held at the Ateneo Veneto in Venice, Italy. Art critic Lea Mattarella reviewed Holloman's works in La Repubblica: "Holloman's paintings take us elsewhere, and at the end of the day, this is what art is all about". In April 2013, Holloman exhibited in a solo show "All The World Inside", at Palazzo Italia, in Berlin, Germany. Holloman's painting, "Swell", was chosen to be part of the group show entitled "Nell' Acqua Capisco" at the Venice Biennale, 2013. Holloman won 1st Place in Discipline Painting at the 2014 Contemporary Art Biennale of Argentina. Holloman had two entries in the 2015 Florence Biennale and won a prize for "Into the Woods". In November 2015 she had a solo show at the Menier Gallery in London titled "The Innocents". Holloman's first solo museum show entitled "Everglow" was held in Amstelveen, Netherlands from July 2016 through August 2016 in the Museum Jan Van der Togt. Holloman married architect Paul Macherey on July 13, 2002. They have a daughter, Lola Reiko Macherey, who was born on November 4, 2004. They adopted a second daughter, Nala Belle (meaning 'beautiful gift') on March 25, 2008. In 2011, Holloman filed for divorce, which was finalized on June 18, 2012.

Henry Drushel Perky (7 December 1843 – 29 June 1906) was a lawyer, businessman, promoter and inventor. Perky is the inventor of shredded wheat. He was born in Saltcreek township, Holmes County, Ohio, the fifth son of Daniel Jefferson Perky (ca. 1808-1862) and Magdalena Drushel (ca. 1812-1911), both of Pennsylvania. He married his wife Susanna Melissa Crow (1845-?) on 3 August 1865 in Mount Hope, Ohio. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Nebraska. He was elected to the Nebraska State Senate in 1868 when only twenty-five years old (although other sources suggest he represented the eighth district from 1874–1876). The couple lived at Omaha, Nebraska and Wahoo, Nebraska before 1880. Henry went to Colorado for his health in 1880 where he was an attorney for the Union Pacific Railroad. Sue followed from Wahoo later that same year and, in Denver, Colorado, she gave birth to their only surviving child, Scott Henry Perky (1880-?). Scott H. Perky went on to be a writer; the life of his father was the subject of one of his books. In 1920, he developed a round shredded wheat cereal, which he named Muffets. The Muffets Corporation was sold to the Quaker Oats Company in 1927. In 1884, the assets — a patent and a half-finished car — of the bankrupt Robbins Cylindrical Steel Car Company were acquired by Byron A. Atkinson (1854-19?? ), a well-to-do Boston furniture dealer with some background as a machinist. To promote his cylindrical steel rail passenger car, Atkinson hired Henry Perky, who had quite a reputation for making money during times that ruined other businessmen. Their firm was the Steel Car Company. While the railcar was being built, Perky was busy trying to find a place to build a huge plant for building steel cars. He first proposed Chicago, Illinois, but when this did not generate significant interest, in 1888 he proposed Lincoln, Nebraska, and there the car would be named the "City of Lincoln". This idea too failed to catch on, so Perky moved on. Perky finally found backing in St. Joseph, Missouri and there, in late 1888, at a cost of some $70,000, he erected a building on a large plot of land east of the city "beyond Wyatt Park". He also organized an exposition, to be called the National Railway, Electric and Industrial Exposition, but more popularly known as the "New Era Exposition". The exposition was set up on the grounds of the Steel Car Company, with the western portion of its building as the main hall of the exposition. On the night of 15 September 1889 a fire swept through the main building of the exposition. The ten cars being built, the Steel Car Company plant, all the assets of the Steel Car Company were a total loss. Perky, not one to be easily discouraged, took the original Robbins car (that had been outfitted as a private car for Atkinson's personal use) for a transcontinental tour. Though it attracted a good deal of attention, it attracted no orders. The cylindrical car was shown at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, but again attracted no orders. Although almost $40,000 had been spent on it, when the exposition closed, the railcar was abandoned on the fairgrounds and later sold by the firm that dismantled the Exposition. Sometime in the early 1890s, at a Nebraska hotel, Perky — who suffered from diarrhea — encountered a man similarly afflicted, who was eating boiled wheat with cream. The idea cooked for a while in Perky’s mind, and in 1892, he took his idea of a product made of boiled wheat to his friend, William H. Ford, in Watertown, New York — a machinist by trade. Here they developed the machine for making what Perky called "little whole wheat mattresses", known worldwide as shredded wheat. They presented the machine at the 1893 Columbian Exposition, probably while Perky was trying to drum up buyers for his cylindrical steel rail passenger car. His original intention was to sell the machines, not the biscuits. He returned to Denver and began distributing the biscuits from a horse-drawn wagon in an attempt to popularize the idea. There he founded the Cereal Machine Company. In 1895, Perky received United States Patent Number 548,086, dated 15 October 1895. The biscuits proved more popular than the machines, so Perky moved East and opened his first bakery in Boston, Massachusetts and then in Worcester, Massachusetts in 1895, retaining the name of The Cereal Machine Company, and adding the name of the Shredded Wheat Company. Whether he developed his ideas on nutrition before the machine or after, Perky was a food faddist who believed the fundamental issue was how to nourish a man so that his condition will be natural. Although John Harvey Kellogg and Charles William Post are better known, Perky was a pioneer of the "cookless breakfast food" and it was he who first mass-produced and nationally distributed ready-to-eat cereal. By 1898, shredded wheat was being sold all over North and South America and Europe. In 1901, drawn by the idea of inexpensive electrical power for baking, and the natural draw of a popular tourist attraction, he hired Edward A. Deeds to build a new plant at Niagara Falls, New York. Deeds became a director of the National Food Company. Perky invited a large number of notables to a special luncheon. Canadian author Pierre Berton describes the bill of fare: "...a Shredded Wheat drink, Shredded Wheat biscuit toast, roast turkey stuffed with Shredded Wheat, and Shredded Wheat ice cream". The factory itself was called the "Palace of Light", and was white-tiled, air-conditioned, well-lit with floor to ceiling windows, and equipped with showers, lunchrooms (a free lunch for women – men had to pay 10¢), and auditoriums for the employees. It even had a roof garden with a view of the falls. A representation of the factory appeared on the Shredded Wheat boxes for decades. In 1902, Perky retired from the company and disposed of his interest. He published a book on nutrition and oral hygiene, "Wisdom vs. Foolishness", that went through at least ten editions. Having made his fortune, the following year Perky arrived in Glencoe, Maryland and began purchasing large tracts of land in the region. His dream was to build a boarding school for men and women that would offer an innovative curriculum of scientific farming and domestic science subjects free of tuition. The main building was completed, elaborate brochures were printed and a few students had enrolled. The plans for the dedication were in place when Perky died days before the grand opening and the Oread School never opened. Henry D. Perky died on June 29, 1906 at his farm in Glencoe. His obituary stated that he had been ill for a long time and that a fall from a horse a month earlier had hastened his death. He is buried in Glencoe, Maryland. In 1908, the company again took the name of the Shredded Wheat Company, and another factory was built in Niagara Falls. A third plant was added in Niagara Falls, Ontario in 1904, known as the Canadian Shredded Wheat Company. By 1915 the Pacific Coast Shredded Wheat Company had been added in Oakland, California, and by 1925, a factory in Britain, in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, had joined the family. In December 1928, the company was sold to the National Biscuit Company. The product name changed to Nabisco Shredded Wheat around 1941. Production of Shredded Wheat was begun in Naperville, Illinois in 1970. All the other plants remained in operation, until 1954, when the original "Palace of Light" was shut down.

Tribal house is a subgenre of house music which combines traditional house music with world music. It is similar in structure to deep house, but provides elements of ethnic or indigenous musical percussions (typically conga drums or its synthesized derivative). By the early 1990s house was experiencing a number of fusions from other styles. When the four on the floor pattern was blended with polyrhythms tribal house began. Tribal house rose to prominence off the releases of Cafe latte labels Tribal Amy, to a lesser extent, Strictly Rhythm Records. The music was a staple in New York's most prominent clubs such as the Sound Factory and Roxy NYC. Tribal America Records' infamy within this subgenre stemmed from their globally popular releases by Danny Tenaglia, Junior Vasquez, Deep Dish, Eric Kupper (aka K-Scope) and Murk amongst others. This popularity led to the formation of a UK sub-label, Tribal United Kingdom. The label also helped launch European artists Farley & Heller, Salt City Orchestra, The Underground Sound Of Lisbon and others who produced in this style. In many tribal house tracks, it is rare to find a core melody or prolonged synth sound, such as those found in house music and similar electronic music styles. Instead, tribal house tracks rely on sophisticated drum patterns for their rhythm. A track can consist of several different drum sounds. There is no clear-cut definition of tribal house music, instead tracks are usually classified or perceived as tribal because of their live sound. Tribal house is reminiscent of the ethnic music of various tribes of Africa and South America, and it is not unusual for this music to feature chanting and ululation as a cappellas. Tribal music can be produced with either live (i.e. with real drums and instruments) or digital instrumentation: however, live-produced music of this sort in the purest sense is seen as ethnic, while digital tribal music is called 'tribal house'. Tribal house is a fusion of various styles of electronic dance music (see Latin house), and can range from uplifting and cheerful to dark and aggressive in mood. It can sometimes distort the boundaries between dark house, which is an offshoot of progressive house, and tech-house, a more techno-driven, "sharper" house percussion beat, as if mixing intelligent dance music and minimal techno. Tribal house is currently the primary genre of dance music played in the Circuit scene, large festival-like dance events held world-wide that can be described as the equivalent of a rave party. While this is the broad term generally used to describe the music played at these events, the actual music played by disc jockeys often will be a wider range of subgenres within house music, but often maintaining a tribal house characteristic in the sound of the tracks chosen. This music first entered the scene in the 1990s through the releases of music labels like Tribal America. In the early 2000s, tribal house evolved into a very percussive, repetitive hard-edged sound that was frequently described as 'pots and pans' for its supposed similarity to the sound made by banging such cookware together. In the mid-2000s, the sound shifted to incorporate more vocals, perhaps as a reaction to the extremity of the 'pots and pans' sound. Presently, tribal house remixes played by DJs frequently are the 'dub' versions, remixes that use only minimal vocals from the original track, with the music often in a minor key to keep it sounding edgier and more tribal, unlike the major key that a more mainstream club remix might use.

Marion Sylvester Barber III (born June 10, 1983) is a former American football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. After playing college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers, he was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2007 during his six-year tenure with the Cowboys. He played for the Chicago Bears in 2011. He is the older brother of former Houston Texans safety Dominique Barber and Minnesota Golden Gophers linebacker Thomas Barber, and the son of former New York Jets running back Marion Barber, Jr.. Also he is a cousin of Peyton Barber. Barber attended Wayzata High School located in Plymouth, Minnesota and was a standout in football, baseball and track. In football, he was a SuperPrep and PrepStar All-Midwest and consensus All-State honoree as a senior running back and as a defensive back. During his last season with the Trojans, he amassed 1,778 rushing yards with 18 touchdowns and led his team with 10 interceptions (3 of which came against Gatorade National Player of the Year and future Minnesota Twins catcher Joe Mauer). In baseball, he was an Honorable Mention All-Conference center fielder. In his first and only track season, Barber qualified for the 2001 Minnesota State Class AA Championships in the 100 meters. He finished the season with a 100m time of 10.9 seconds. Like his father, he played college football at the University of Minnesota where the coaches originally wanted him to play safety, but after seeing him run, they kept him at running back where he ranks fourth on the school's all-time rushing list with 3,276 yards, second with 4,495 all-purpose yards and second in rushing touchdowns with 35, one better than his father, Marion Barber Jr.. He also teamed up since his sophomore year with running back Laurence Maroney to form one of the best duo backs in college football, becoming the first teammates in Division I (NCAA) history to each rush for 1,000 yards in consecutive seasons. He was an All-Big Ten selection in 2003 as a redshirt sophomore. After forgoing his senior season, he was selected in the fourth round (109th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Dallas Cowboys. A toe infection that required surgery and some preseason fumbles left him at the bottom of the depth chart. An injury to Julius Jones and the ineffectiveness of Anthony Thomas allowed Barber to emerge, and he responded with 95 yards rushing against Seattle and 127 yards against Arizona. Along with his pass-blocking and special teams abilities, this solidified his position as the backup running back for the Cowboys. Although he was the backup to Julius Jones, Barber found a niche as a third-down rusher and a closer of games, emerging as an excellent red-zone running back. He led the NFC with 14 rushing touchdowns in 2006 and was the first non-placekicker since 2000, to lead the Cowboys in scoring (96 points). He also displayed his ability as a power back, gaining a reputation for punishing defenders. Entering the 2007 NFL regular season, many Dallas fans called for Cowboys coach Wade Phillips to name Barber the starting tailback. However, Phillips continued to utilize the "running back by committee," sharing the load with Cowboys starting running back Julius Jones. This approach was instituted by former coach Bill Parcells. Jim Johnson, the Philadelphia Eagles defensive coordinator, called Barber the hardest running back in the NFL to bring down. During the 2007 season, Barber's power running back style earned him the nickname Marion the Barbarian and he was the league leader in breaking tackles, reflecting his personal mantra of "hit or get hit." Barber rushed for 975 yards on 204 carries and 10 rushing touchdowns with a 4.8 yards-per-carry rushing average. He caught 44 passes for 282 yards and two touchdowns. On December 18, 2007, he was named to his first Pro Bowl despite officially being a backup. Barber received the start in the divisional playoff loss to the New York Giants. Dallas offered Barber, now as an unquestionable starter and one of the premier running backs in the NFL, the highest tender as a restricted free agent. On May 20, 2008, he signed a seven-year deal, $45 million with the Cowboys with $16 million guaranteed. Before becoming a starter, there was already a worry if his running style could shorten his career, with the additional work, his career longevity was discussed more often, as his yards per carry started to drop down. The emergence of Tashard Choice and Felix Jones, and injury problems limited his success during the 2009 season. However, he played in 15 games despite a torn quadriceps muscle. Barber had a disappointing 2010 season as the entire Cowboys team struggled from game one. In 13 games Barber rushed for 374 yards on 113 carries for a 3.3 yard per carry average, the lowest of his career. His 4 rushing touchdowns were also the lowest of his career. Barber was released by Dallas on July 28, 2011. On July 30, 2011, the Bears signed Barber to a two-year, $5 million contract. Barber beat out Chester Taylor (as Chester Taylor got cut) for the Chicago Bears' 2nd string Running Back position after Matt Forte. On August 27 in the third pre-season game, Barber hurt his calf muscle and missed the first three games of the regular season due to the injury. In Week 14 against the Denver Broncos, replacing an injured Matt Forté, Barber scored a touchdown and had his first 100-yard game since 2009 after suffering a muscle injury. In the 2011 season Barber had 422 yards on 114 carries. Following the 2011 season, Barber announced his retirement from the NFL on March 23, 2012.

Paul William McKenna (born 8 November 1963 in Hackney, East London) is a British hypnotist, behavioural scientist, television broadcaster and author of self-help books. McKenna has written and produced books and multimedia products, hosted self-improvement television shows and presents seminars in hypnosis, neuro-linguistic programming, weight loss, motivation and the Zen meditation Big Mind and Amygdala Depotentiation Therapy (ADT) otherwise known as Havening Techniques. McKenna started off in radio aged 16 at Radio Topshop, and went on to present for stations including Radio Jackie, Radio Caroline, Chiltern Radio, Capital Radio, BBC Radio 1 and TV channel Music Box. He became interested in hypnotism as a result of a guest who appeared on his show. His interest stemmed initially for reasons of self-development, although entertainment was later to play a big part. Whilst still working at Capital Radio, McKenna began experimenting with small hypnotic shows, first for the amusement of friends, then for audiences in pubs and clubs. From there he starred in a regular Sunday night show at the Duke of York's Theatre, which was owned at the time by Capital Radio. The success of those shows led to his playing other theatres across the UK, Ireland, The Netherlands, the US, Australia and Hong Kong. After a brief spell at Radio 1 in the early 1990s, McKenna decided to quit radio. In 1993, ITV broadcast "The Hypnotic World of Paul McKenna", which featured audience members volunteering to be hypnotised to act in comedic ways, the show subsequently being broadcast in 42 countries. During this time, he continued to study hypnosis, and neuro-linguistic programming with Richard Bandler, the co-creator of NLP. Many of McKenna's one-to-one hypnotherapy clients are celebrities including Ellen DeGeneres and David Walliams, who used McKenna to help with his swim across the English Channel. McKenna hypnotised the "Top Gear" presenter Richard Hammond on series 4, episode 2 of the motor show in 2004. In October 2009 he was a guest on "Private Passions", the biographical music discussion programme on BBC Radio 3. McKenna hypnotised The One Show presenter Matt Baker to believe that he was Pablo Picasso during which time he created several impressionist pieces of art, which were shown on air while the footage was played back during McKenna's appearance on 9 January 2013. McKenna has also presented several live events including "Get The Life You Want with Paul McKenna and Richard Bandler" and "Get Thin". From February 2014 to September 2015, McKenna hosted a talk show called 'McKenna' that was broadcast on Hulu featuring "non-journalistic" interviews with Simon Cowell, Ryan Seacrest, Roger Moore, Rachael Ray, Tony Robbins and Richard Dawkins. In the past few years, McKenna has been involved in the research and development of the Psychosensory therapy of Amygdala Depotentiation Therapy (ADT), otherwise known as Havening with Ronald Ruden and Stephen Ruden, presenting seminars to health care professionals in the UK and USA. He specialises in working with PTSD, severe trauma, pain control and emotional overwhelm. Recently, McKenna has focused on teaching people how to "deprogramme" their sugar cravings, claiming "sugar is the most dangerous drug in the World". Paul fired his former manager and once fiancee Claire Staples in 2013. Staples subsequently initiated a legal action to sue McKenna for part of his £65 million fortune. She claimed McKenna had severe hallucinations in which he believed he heard Jesus Christ and other imaginary voices, and was addicted to drugs, alcohol, porn, prostitutes and prescription pills. Paul vehemently denied the allegations, dismissed Staples as 'a greedy woman', and filed a counter-claim in London. A spokesman for McKenna said the allegations were absurd, stating "Staples threatened to make these spurious claims against McKenna if he did not give her half of everything he has ever earned or will earn" adding "If Mr McKenna is unable to function because he is an alcoholic, drug addict and has psychotic episodes, he would hardly have been able, in the last decade, to treat many war veterans for PTSD, write 16 bestselling books, do hundreds of seminars, appear on radio and TV all over the world, run a global company and speak at the United Nations.’ In the legal discovery process that followed, documents and transcripts were found that showed Claire Staples was never Paul's business partner, as she had claimed, and was only a business manager who worked for Paul. The investigation also uncovered that Claire had an undeclared income from selling confidential information to tabloid newspapers about AA members and celebrities such as Elle McPherson and Courtney Love. Further documents were found in Claire's handwriting wherein she described sleeping with numerous A-List celebrities. The presentation of this information led to a series of pleas by her lawyers for mediation in which she abandoned her partnership claim. After mediation was completed, Staples provided an interview to the Mail on Sunday (for which she sought a fee) in which she claimed "she stood behind her allegations" and her lawyer stated "presumably, Paul settled to avoid trial." Paul's lawyer stated that mediation only occurred after repeated requests from Staples's legal team. Claire came out of the mediation with significant losses and legal costs. In 1996, McKenna was granted a PhD from LaSalle University. This university was legally licensed by the state, but it falsely claimed to be an accredited university. After the principal of LaSalle pleaded guilty to fraud, thousands of students, including McKenna, were awarded compensation from the U.S. government. LaSalle is now discredited as a diploma mill. In 2006, McKenna successfully sued and won his case against the "Daily Mirror" for libel over claims made by Mirror TV critic Victor Lewis-Smith that McKenna's degree from LaSalle was merely a purchased "bogus degree", bought with the intention of deliberately defrauding the public which was found to be totally false. Damages and verdict against The Daily Mirror were the sum of £20,000, but The Mirror's costs possibly totaled over £1 million, which were awarded to him and the judge ordered the Daily Mirror to pay interim costs of £75,000. Justice Eady said (of McKenna's degree) in his summing-up:"Whether it is appropriate to characterise it as scholarship worthy of academic recognition is another matter. No doubt many would think not". McKenna's thesis, which later became the basis of his best selling book 'Change Your Life In 7 Days', was not the focus of the trial. In 2003, McKenna gained an accredited Doctor of Philosophy by Explication (DPhil) from the International Management Centres Association (IMCA). The title of his thesis was "The Effects of Fixed Action Patterns and Neuro-Linguistic Programming in Determining Outcomes in Human Behaviour". Prior to 2005, IMCA were accredited by the US Distance Education and Training Council (DETC), but this accreditation was later removed by DETC in 2005, after McKenna's doctorate. The degree-awarding body for IMCA is Revans University. Their registered address is in Vanuatu, though it has also been associated with Boulder, Colorado. It has no physical campus, and all its activities take place online, like The Open University. Revans University's UK partner organization IMCA was based in Buckingham but neither Revans University nor IMCA is recognised as a UK degree-awarding body or course provider during McKenna's time according to "The Times Educational Supplement". British universities do not accept qualifications accredited by Revans University. This has led to complaints from former students. The material in both McKenna's doctorates has been published. McKenna learned NLP from Richard Bandler, co-creator of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. He uses Thought Field Therapy (TFT) in many of his television demonstrations and studied under Roger Callahan, the creator of TFT. McKenna has produced self-help books, CDs and DVDs as well as several audio books that provide the information from the books in audible form. His latest book is "Hypnotic Gastric Band". McKenna's full list of published titles include: ***LIST***. McKenna has also released a number of audio recordings. In October 2016, McKenna read Hans Christian Andersen's "It's Quite True" for the children's fairytales app GivingTales in aid of UNICEF, together with Sir Roger Moore, Stephen Fry, Ewan McGregor, Dame Joan Collins, Joanna Lumley, David Walliams and Charlotte Rampling.

Hugh Hagood Hardy, (February 26, 1937 – January 1, 1997) was a Canadian composer, pianist, and vibraphonist. He is best known for the 1975 single, "The Homecoming" from his album of the same name (No. 14 Can., US No. 41 pop, No. 6 easy listening) originally created as music to a 1972 TV commercial for Salada tea, and for his soundtrack to the "Anne of Green Gables" and "Anne of Avonlea" films. Hardy was born in Angola, Indiana. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto. He also studied music privately in Toronto with Gordon Delamont. In the 1960s he played vibraphone in the bands of Martin Denny, Gigi Gryce, Herbie Mann, and George Shearing. Hardy performed with Herbie Mann on the latter's 1961 recording "Herbie Mann at the Village Gate". The session includes the jazz standard "Comin' Home Baby" & the Gershwin classic, "Summertime". This version of "Summertime" was later "covered" by the 90's rock group Sublime in their hit song "Doin' Time." Hardy won a Juno Award in 1977 as instrumentalist of the year. In 1992, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In the 1995 provincial election he was the candidate for the Ontario Liberal Party in the riding of York South and faced local MPP and Premier of Ontario Bob Rae. The Ontario Liberals faltered in the election, and Hardy lost to Rae. His mother was an American citizen. His great-uncle was Arthur Sturgis Hardy, a Liberal politician who served as Ontario's fourth premier from 1896 to 1899. Hardy died from lymphoma at the age of 59; he was survived by four children.

Omar Amiralay () (1944 — 5 February 2011) was a Syrian documentary film director and prominent civil society activist. He is noted for the strong political criticism in his films and played a prominent role in the events of the Damascus Spring of 2000. Amiralay studied in Paris at La Fémis, before returning to Syria in 1970. He thus had a different artistic formation from the majority of Syrian film-makers, who studied in the Soviet Union or in Eastern Europe. His films include a trilogy of documentaries concerning the Tabqa Dam on the Euphrates. The first, "Film Essay on the Euphrates Dam" (1970), is a tribute to Syria's greatest development project, but the second and third take a more critical approach. "Everyday Life in a Syrian Village" (1974) shows the dam's ambiguous impact on the lives of ordinary people in a nearby village, and portrays their relationship with the authorities, seen as distant and disconnected from them. Amiralay revisited the region in 2003 with "A Flood in Baath Country", which contains trenchant political criticism (it had the working title "Fifteen reasons why I hate the Baath Party"). Due to the films strong indictment of the government, the film was removed from the Carthage Film Festival. In act of solidarity with Amiralay, Arab filmmakers Yousry Nasrallah, Annemarie Jacir, Nizar Hassan, Joana and Khalil Joreige, and Danielle Arbid subsequently pulled their films out of Competition to protest the festival's actions. As a result, "A Flood in Baath Country" was re-programmed and screened to enthusiastic crowds. Another notable film was "There Are So Many Things Still to Say", based on interviews with the Syrian playwright Saadallah Wannous recorded while the latter was dying of cancer. The film juxtaposes Wannous' remarks with scenes from Syria's wars against Israel and the Palestinian First Intifada, as the playwright recounts, with some regret for the lost opportunities that resulted, how the Palestinian struggle became a central part of intellectual life for an entire generation. His other films include a portrait of former Lebanese prime minister Rafiq al-Hariri, "The Man with the Golden Soles", co-directed with Hala Al-Abdallah Yacoub and one of French academic and student of Middle Eastern society Michel Seurat, who died in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War, "On a Day of Ordinary Violence, My Friend Michel Seurat...". In 2000 Amiralay was a signatory to the "Declaration of the 99", a manifesto signed by 99 prominent Syrian intellectuals calling for an end to the state of emergency in force since 1963, the release of all political prisoners and prisoners of conscience, and the permitting of political parties and independent civil society organizations. This was seen as an expression of the general goals of the Syrian democratic opposition and of the movement known as the Damascus Spring in general. Amiralay was a prominent participant in the various debates and petitions that marked the Damascus Spring. In 2005, in the aftermath of the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister Rafiq al-Hariri, Amiralay signed a declaration by Syrian intellectuals calling for a Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and an end to the attacks on Syrian workers in that country. Despite these activities, Amiralay does not consider himself to be involved in politics, but in "civil society". Omar Amiralay died on February 5, 2011, either from cardiac arrest or a cerebral thrombosis.

Eric Magnusson (1282–1318) was a Swedish prince, Duke of Svealand, Södermanland, Dalsland, Västergötland, Värmland and North Halland and heir to the throne of Sweden. He was the father of King Magnus who became king of both Norway and Sweden. Eric was born circa 1282, the second son of King Magnus III of Sweden and his Queen consort Helvig of Holstein. He later became the Duke of Södermanland and a part of Uppland in 1302. Erik is reported as being more skilled and intelligent than his elder brother who became King Birger of Sweden. He was also bold and ambitious, and his social skills won him many allies. His younger brother Valdemar Magnusson, the duke of Finland, became his close ally and helped him in all his projects. King Birger, who feared his brothers' plans, forced them to sign a paper, in 1304, so as to render them less dangerous. They then fled to Norway, but in 1305, they reconciled with the king and regained their duchies. Eric was also in possession of Kungahälla, which he had been given during his exile by the Norwegian king, and northern Halland which he had been given by the Danish king Eric VI of Denmark. Duke Eric planned to topple Birger's marshal Torgils Knutsson who was in the way of his ambitious plans. As the clergy were in opposition to the marshal, they joined Eric. They prevailed on the weak Birger in 1306 to execute Torgils, who was a faithful counsellor. Little more than half a year later, Birger was imprisoned by his brothers (September 1306), and his brothers took control of Sweden. Birger's brother-in-law, Eric VI of Denmark arrived with his army to support Birger. Haakon V of Norway, however, was on the side of the younger brothers. In 1308, Eric and Valdemar were forced by the Danish king to release Birger, but they did so under humiliating conditions. When Birger was free, he sought aid in Denmark, and the strife began anew. The course of events turned against duke Eric. By concluding a peace treaty with the Danish king, unbeknownst to Haakon V, Eric lost Haakon's trust. Håkon wanted to have Kungahälla back, but Eric refused. A war broke out between Haakon V of Norway and Eric in 1309, and the kings of Norway and Denmark concluded peace, and allied against the dukes. Through his strategic skills, Eric managed to ride out the storm, and defeated the Norwegians, and also the Danes who arrived as far as Nyköping in 1309. He attacked Norway and reconquered Kungahälla, which he had lost to Haakon in 1310. Finally, there was peace at Helsingborg, in which Sweden was divided between Birger and his brothers. Eric received Västergötland, Dalsland, Värmland and Kalmar County, as well was northern Halland as a fief from Denmark, but he promised to return Kungahälla to Norway. In spite of the fact that Eric never returned Kungahälla, and broke almost all his promises to Haakon, he managed to win his approval. He married Haakon V of Norway's 11-year-old daughter Ingeborg Haakonsdatter. In 1312, Eric married Ingeborg in a double wedding in Oslo. At the same time, Eric's brother Valdemar Magnusson married Ingeborg Eriksdottir of Norway, the daughter of King Eric II of Norway. In 1316 Eric and Ingeborg had a son, the future king Magnus IV of Sweden and in 1317 daughter Euphemia of Sweden. Duke Eric seemed close to reaching his goals: he was now in possession of a composite territory consisting of some parts of all the three Scandinavian kingdoms, centered on the coast of Skagerrak-Kattegat with Varberg as his ducal seat, he had a son who was the heir apparent of the kingdom of Norway, and he was the "de facto" ruler of Sweden. However, his career was stopped and his life was shortened by the treachery of his brother King Birger, the "de jure" ruler of Sweden. During a call on his brother in Nyköping, the so-called Nyköping Banquet, Eric and his brother Valdemar were arrested and chained, the night between the 10th and 11 December 1317. No one knows for certain what happened to the two brothers; it was widely assumed that they were starved to death - and for whatever cause, both died within months of being imprisoned. At the imprisonment of their husbands, their wives became the leaders of their spouses' followers. On 16 April 1318, the two duchesses entered into a treaty in Kalmar with Esger Juul, Archbishop of Lund and Christopher, brother of Eric VI of Denmark and Duke of Halland-Samsö, to free their husbands. Later the same year their husbands were confirmed to have died. King Birger was subsequently ousted by his brothers' supporters in 1318 and sent into exile to his brother-in-law King Eric VI of Denmark. Eric's son, Magnus was elected king of Sweden on 8 July 1319 and acclaimed as hereditary king of Norway in August of the same year under the regencies of his grandmother Queen Helvig and his mother Duchess Ingeborg. In all of Scandinavia, the death of Eric and Valdemar caused great dismay and sorrow, which caused many people to forgive their misdeeds, and only to remember their positive qualities. However, their ambitions had caused great troubles for Sweden. The time of civil war between the brothers were one of the grimmest eras in Swedish history. Eric's life was portrayed in a positive light in Eric's Chronicle ("Erikskrönikan") created by his supporters. Eric's Chronicle is the oldest surviving Swedish chronicle written between about 1320 and 1335. It is one of Sweden's earliest and most important narrative sources. Its authorship and precise political significance and biases are debated, but it is clear that the chronicle's main protagonist and hero is Eric.

People from various ethnic groups reside in the United Kingdom. Intermittent migration from Northern Europe has been happening for millennia, with other groups such as British Jews also well established. Since World War II, substantial immigration from the New Commonwealth, Europe, and the rest of the world has altered the demography of many cities in the United Kingdom. Historically, British people were believed to be descended from the varied ethnic stocks that settled there before the 11th century; the pre-Celts, Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Norse and the Normans. Some recent genetic analysis has suggested that the majority of the traceable ancestors of the modern British population arrived between 15,000 and 7,500 years ago and that the British broadly share a common ancestry with the Basque people, although there is no consensus amongst geneticists. The first Jews in Britain were brought to England in 1070 by King William the Conqueror, while Roma in Britain have been documented since the 16th century. The UK has a history of small-scale non-European immigration, with Liverpool having the oldest Black British community, dating back to at least the 1730s during the period of the African slave trade, and the oldest Chinese community in Europe, dating to the arrival of Chinese seamen in the 19th century. Since 1948 substantial immigration from Africa, the Caribbean and South Asia has been a legacy of ties forged by the British Empire. Migration from new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe since 2004 has resulted in growth in these population groups. Sociologist Steven Vertovec argues that whereas "Britain's immigrant and ethnic minority population has conventionally been characterized by large, well-organized African-Caribbean and South Asian communities of citizens originally from Commonwealth countries or formerly colonial territories", more recently the level of diversity of the population has increased significantly, as a result of "an increased number of new, small and scattered, multiple-origin, transnationally connected, socio-economically differentiated and legally stratified immigrants". He terms this "superdiversity". The 2001 UK Census classified ethnicity into several groups: White, Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other. These categories formed the basis for all National Statistics ethnicity statistics until the 2011 Census results were issued. The 1991 UK census was the first to include a question on ethnicity. A number of academics have pointed out that the ethnicity classification employed in the census and other official statistics in the UK since 1991 involve confusion between the concepts of ethnicity and race. David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel argue that this is the case in many censuses, and that "the case of Britain is illuminative of the recurring failure to distinguish race from ethnicity". User consultation undertaken for the purpose of planning the 2011 census revealed that some participants thought the "use of colour (White and Black) to define ethnicity is confusing or unacceptable". With considerable migration after the Second World War making the UK an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse state especially in London, race relations policies have been developed that broadly reflect the principles of multiculturalism, although there is no official national commitment to multiculturalism. This model has faced criticism on the grounds that it has failed to sufficiently promote social integration, although some commentators have questioned the dichotomy between diversity and integration that this critique presumes. It has been argued that the UK government has since 2001, moved away from policy characterised by multiculturalism and towards the assimilation of minority communities. A poll conducted by MORI for the BBC in 2005 found that 62 per cent of respondents agreed that multiculturalism made Britain a better place to live, compared to 32 percent who saw it as a threat. Ipsos MORI data from 2008 by contrast, showed that only 30 per cent saw multiculturalism as making Britain a better place to live, with 38 per cent seeing it as a threat. 41 per cent of respondents to the 2008 poll favoured the development of a shared identity over the celebration of diverse values and cultures, with 27 per cent favouring the latter and 30 per cent undecided. A study conducted for the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) in 2005 found that in England, the majority of ethnic minority participants called themselves British, whereas indigenous English participants said English first and British second. In Wales and Scotland the majority of white and ethnic minority participants said Welsh or Scottish first and British second, although crucially they saw no incompatibility between the two identities. Other research conducted for the CRE found that white participants felt that there was a threat to Britishness from large-scale immigration, the claims that they perceived ethnic minorities made on the welfare state, a rise in moral pluralism and perceived political correctness. Much of this frustration was vented at Muslims rather than minorities in general. Muslim participants in the study reported feeling victimised and stated that they felt that they were being asked to choose between Muslim and British identities, whereas they saw it possible to be both.

The Three Block War is a concept described by U.S. Marine General Charles Krulak in the late 1990s to illustrate the complex spectrum of challenges likely to be faced by Marines on the modern battlefield. In Krulak's example, Marines may be required to conduct full scale military action, peacekeeping operations and humanitarian aid within the space of three contiguous city blocks. The thrust of the concept is that modern militaries must be trained to operate in all three conditions simultaneously, and that to do so, leadership training at the lowest levels needs to be high. The latter condition caused Krulak to invoke what he called "strategic corporals"; low-level unit leaders able to take independent action and make major decisions. The term has been referenced by CENTCOM commander General James Mattis, and has also been adopted by the British military, including former Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Mike Jackson and former Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon, and also by former Canadian Chief of Defence Staff Rick Hillier. The "strategic corporal" is the notion that leadership in complex, rapidly evolving mission environments devolves lower and lower down the chain of command to better exploit time-critical information into the decision making process, ultimately landing on the corporal, the lowest ranking non-commissioned officer, typically commanding a fire team of 4 individuals or a squad of 13 individuals (three fireteams plus NCO). In very rapidly evolving mission situations, obtaining mission instructions from remotely located command may result in mission failure, or in casualties to both force personnel and civilians. Conversely, misusing this kind of responsibility may result in personal liability for the team leader: a decision executed to respond to situational needs may result in later prosecution as the team leader's actions are reviewed by higher authorities. The term "strategic corporal" was coined by General Charles C. Krulak in the title of an article in "Marines Magazine" about the "Three Block War," an increasingly important arena of military operations characterized by engagement with hostile, neutral and friendly forces, all at the same time, in a very geographically limited area, e.g., three blocks. This concept requires forces to apply an appropriate type of response in a timely manner relative to the immediate context. Complex rules of engagement are needed that will minimize collateral damage to civilians and infrastructure. However, training "strategic corporals" requires time and money above and beyond what is considered normal infantry or military police training. The U.S. Army has used the Strategic Corporal term for their plan to equip ordinary squad leaders with advanced laser rangefinders to plot artillery fire. The need to conduct operations in this situation has significantly emphasised the importance of low level tactical leaders and led to the term "strategic corporal" being devised. One of the adjustments in the USMC is to move coordination of artillery down from the battalion to the company level.

Areti Ketime (Greek: "Αρετή Κετιμέ") (born 26 July 1989 in Athens) is a singer and santoor player from Greece. She sings traditional Greek songs of various music genres. Ketime was born and raised in Athens, Greece. She started learning santoor at the age of 6, from Aristidis Moschos and Belorussian Aggelina Tkatseva. At the age of 15 (in 2005), she became a professional performer. In 2002, Greek musician and singer Yorgos Dalaras invited her to participate in his live appearances in Plaka together with Gerasimos Andreatos and Melina Aslanidou. In 2003, she participated in a show about Asia Minor's musical tradition show with Dalaras, Glykeria, and the orchestra Estoudiantina. In 2004, when she participated in the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in Athens, with the traditional song "Mes Stou Egeou Ta Nisia" ("Into the Islands of the Aegean"). In 2005, she participated in the Greek tragedy play "Oedipus Rex" in Epidaurus, as a member of the "Chorus" led by George Dalaras. In 2008, she took part in a concert titled "Kyklamina" ("Cyclamens") in which she performed a series of songs called "Tragoudia tis Ksenitias" ("Songs of Emigration") along with George Kotsinis in Aristi, Epirus. In 2010, she teamed up with Turkish singer Dilek Koç in a concert titled "The songs of our mutual tradition", in which they mostly performed common-root songs of Greece and Turkey, at the Half Note Jazz Club. In 2011, she performed the Byzantine Hymns of the Holy Week live on TV shows, along with Charilaos Taliadoros and Christos Chalkias. In 2012 she performed a concert titled "Smirneiko Minore", with Glykeria and Dilek Koç. It was a tribute to the traditional music of Asia Minor. In 2015, she participated as a musician in children's theatre version of "Erotokritos" directed by Ilias Karellas. In May 2015, Areti Ketime made her first North American tour, in which she was accompanied by a six-piece band of musicians and also by brothers Grigoris and Petros Papaemmanouil. Later in 2015, Ketime collaborated with German DJ Shantel on the bilingual song "EastWest/Dysi Ki Anatoli", from Shantel's new album "Viva Diaspora". During the 2015-16 season, Ketime participates in the children's theatre play "To Monon tis Zois mou Taksidion" ("The Only Journey of His Life").

A dead mall is a shopping mall with a high vacancy rate or a low consumer traffic level, or that is dated or deteriorating in some manner. Many malls in North America are considered "dead" (for the purposes of leasing) when they have no surviving anchor store (often a large department store) or successor that could serve as an entry into or attraction to the mall. Without the pedestrian traffic that department stores previously generated, sales volumes decline for almost all stores and rental revenues from those stores can no longer sustain the costly maintenance of the malls. Without good pedestrian access, smaller stores inside malls are difficult to reach. The now-vacant anchor store position may be referred to as a "ghostbox" and the outline of where signage once was indicates the branding or trademark of the former anchor as "label scar" (comparable to a ghost sign in other settings). In many instances, a mall begins dying when its surrounding neighborhood undergoes a socio-economic decline. In the case of the Cloverleaf Mall in Chesterfield, Virginia which had operated successfully in the 1970s and 80s, by the 1990s "women, began staying away from the mall, fearful of the black youth who were beginning to congregate there. People [said a former Cloverleaf manager] started seeing black kids with huge baggy pants and chains hanging off their belts, and people were intimidated, and they would say there were black gangs”. Structural changes in the department-store industry have also made survival of these malls difficult. These changes have contributed to some areas or suburbs having insufficient traditional department stores to fill all the existing larger-lease-area "anchor spaces". A few large national chains have replaced many local and regional chains, and some national chains are defunct. ***LIST***. Malls are reliant on an older business model that could not change with the times, largely as most mall layouts are ill-suited for conversion to other uses, such as big box stores which started to grow in popularity in the 1980s. In the US (but to a lesser extent Canada) newer "big box" chains (also referred to as "category killers") such as Walmart, Target and Best Buy normally prefer purpose-built free-standing buildings rather than utilizing mall-anchor spaces. 21st-century retailing trends favor open air lifestyle centers; which resemble elements of power centers, big box stores, and strip malls; and (most disruptively for storefronts) online shopping over indoor malls. The massive change led "Newsweek" to declare the indoor mall format obsolete in 2008. The year 2007 marked the first time since the 1950s that no new malls were built in the United States. Most Canadian malls still remain indoors after renovations due to the harsh winter climate throughout most of the country, however the Don Mills Centre was turned into an open-air shopping plaza. Attitudes about malls have also been changing. With changing priorities, people have less time to spend driving to and strolling through malls, and during the Great Recession, specialty stores offered what many shoppers saw as useless luxuries they could no longer afford. In this respect, big box stores and conventional strip malls have a time-saving advantage. In recent years, the number of dead malls has increased significantly because the economic health of malls across the United States has been in decline, with high vacancy rates in many of these malls. From 2006 to 2010, the percentage of malls that are considered to be "dying" by real estate experts (have a vacancy rate of at least 40%), unhealthy (20-40%), or in trouble (10-20%) all increased greatly, and these high vacancy rates only partially decreased from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, nearly 3% of all malls in the United States were considered to be "dying" (40% or higher vacancy rates) and nearly one-fifth of all malls had vacancy rates considered "troubling" (10% or higher). Some real estate experts say the "fundamental problem" is a glut of malls in many parts of the country creating a market that is "extremely over-retailed". Cowen Research reported that the number of malls in the U.S. grew more than twice as fast as the population between 1970 and 2015; Cowen also reported that shopping center "gross leasable area" in the U.S. is 40 percent more shopping space per capita than Canada and five times more than the U.K. Some malls have maintained profitability, particularly in areas with frequent inclement weather (or otherwise weather undesirable for outdoor activities, such as shopping in an open-air shopping/lifestyle center) or large populations of senior citizens who can partake in mall walking. Combined with lower rents, these factors have led to companies like Simon Malls enjoying high profits and occupancy averages of 92%. Some retailers have also begun to re-evaluate the mall environment, a positive sign for the industry. Dead malls are occasionally redeveloped. Leasing or management companies may change the architecture, layout, decor, or other component of a shopping center to attract more renters and draw more profits. Several dead malls have been significantly renovated into open-air shopping centers. Sometimes redevelopment can involve a switch from retail usage to office or educational use for a building, such as is the case with Park Central Mall in Phoenix, Eastmont Town Center in Oakland, California, Windsor Park Mall in San Antonio (now the global headquarters of Rackspace), Global Mall at the Crossings in Nashville, Tennessee, and the Coral Springs Mall in Florida. As a last resort, the structure is demolished and the property redeveloped for other uses, known as building on a greyfield site. In jurisdictions such as Vermont (with a strict permitting process) or in major urban areas (where open fields are long gone) this greyfielding can be much easier and cheaper than building on a greenfield site. A good example of this type of redevelopment is Prestonwood Town Center in Dallas and Voorhees Town Center in Voorhees Township, New Jersey.

Nils Sigurd Aas (21 April 1933 – 10 February 2004) was a Norwegian sculptor. His art is featured in the public space in many parts of Norway, and he is represented with important works in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and the Trondheim Kunstmuseum. He was one of the most prominent artists in modern Norwegian sculpture and is particularly well known for his statue of Haakon VII, located in the June Seventh Square in Norwegian capitol of Oslo, and for designing coins for Norwegian currency, including 10-krone and 20-krone coins. Nils Sigurd Aas was born in Inderøy, in Nord-Trøndelag County, Norway. He grew up in a family of prominent cabinet makers. He was educated at Norwegian National Academy of Fine Arts (1954–58). He subsequently worked as assistant to Norwegian abstract sculptor Arnold Haukeland (1920–1983). While working with Haukeland, Aas was introduced to an abstract idiom. He made his debut as a sculptor at the Autumn Exhibition in 1964. Important works by Nils Aas include statues of Grete Waitz, Henrik Ibsen and Charles Chaplin and a large number of portrait busts - including those of Einar Gerhardsen, Johan Borgen, Arthur Rubinstein, Håkon Bleken, Harald Sæverud, Jakob Weidemann and Rolf Jacobsen. Nils Aas also designed a number of medals and coins, most notably the current 10 - and 20-crown coin. Nils Aas Kunstverksted, located in Inderøy, has a permanent collection of his work. The building is designed by Nils Aas. The most notable piece is a huge circular monument made in birch wood, situated in the centre of the museum. Many of the sculptor’s busts of famous Norwegians are also on permanent display. In addition the museum features a workshop for art lessons and a museum shop. Artworks The facility opened during 1996. Nearby is Muustrøparken sculpture garden. Nils Aas had donated eight sculptures to the park, here are 6 small and 2 large sculptures.

San Diego High School (SDHS) is an urban public high school located on the southern edge of Balboa Park, in San Diego, California, United States. It is the second oldest high school in the San Diego Unified School District, one of the oldest public schools in all of California, and the oldest still on its original site. The school was established in 1882, initially named Russ School after lumberman Joseph Russ, who donated the lumber to build the school. The school was built in the Italian Villa style with a low-hip roof, ironwork parapet, and open-bell tower. It consisted of two stories and eight rooms. It initially served elementary students. In 1888 a high school was added, with three teachers. The high school students took over the upper floor; elementary and primary students occupied the lower floor. The first commencement was held in 1889, with four students graduating. In 1893 high school students took over the entire school, which was renamed Russ High School. In 1906 the school building was moved several hundred feet to allow for construction of a new school. The original building was stripped of its ornamentation and was used for storage, dressing rooms, and a cafeteria. It burned down in 1911. By 1902 the school had become overcrowded and a new school, San Diego High School, was built on the original site, opening on April 13, 1907. The new building, designed by F.S. Allen, contained 65 rooms and was built in the Gothic Revival style, with towers flanking the entrances. It was built of brick with a veneer of granite. Students thought it resembled a castle and nicknamed it "The Grey Castle." In 1913 a polytechnic school was added, with three additional Gothic style buildings housing classes in manual arts, domestic arts, and fine arts. By 1913 there were 55 teachers and 1518 students. The school reached its peak attendance, 3327 students, in 1928. Balboa Stadium, just east of the high school, was dedicated in 1915. The 2,500 seat Russ Auditorium, just south of the school, was dedicated on May 13, 1926. Due to California legislation in the 1960s which required all school districts to demolish or retrofit any school building built prior to 1933 for earthquake safety reasons, the "Grey Castle" building was torn down. The first of four buildings constructed prior to 1933 was torn down along with the Russ Auditorium in 1973; Building 101, the "original Grey Castle", was the last building to be torn down in 1975. The current school, consisting of four concrete-block buildings with blue trim, was re-dedicated on November 6, 1976. Gargoyles from the facade of Russ Auditorium can be seen in a fountain near the school entrance, and heavy carved doors from the "Gray Castle" were installed on the administration building. In June 2004, as part of the national "School-within-a-School" movement and with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, San Diego High School was divided into six thematic schools, collectively called The San Diego High Educational Complex. Each of the six schools of approximately 500 students had its own administration and staff: The schools were: ***LIST***. In May 2006, "Newsweek" magazine ranked 1,200 public high schools in the U.S. and named San Diego High School of International Studies as 22nd best, making it the highest ranking school in San Diego County and the second highest in the state of California. In 2009, "US News" ranked over 21,000 high schools in the United States and named San Diego High School of International Studies as 44th best, with an International Baccalaureate (IB) exam pass rate of 98% and an API score of over 800. In 2012, the School of Communication shut down due to an insufficient number of students. In 2013 the School of Business and the School of LEADS combined to form the School of Business and Leadership, leaving four academies. At the end of the 2014-2015 academic year the arts academy was also closed down. For the 2015-2016 school year the campus was reunited under a single principal, with the three remaining academies - International Studies, Business, and Science and Technology - each functioning under a vice principal. San Diego High is home to three academies established within the scope of the California Department of Education California Partnership Academies (CPA) program. The CPA model is a three-year program (grades ten-twelve) structured as a school-within-a-school. The first one, the Academy of Finance, was established in 2007 at the School of Business and Leadership. Two more, the San Diego MedTech Academy and the Green Engineering Academy, were established in 2011 and 2012 respectively at the School of Science and Technology, with the first class graduating in 2014. The curriculum at Medtech Academy is based on the Biomedical Sciences program by Project Lead The Way (PLTW). San Diego High's football stadium, Balboa Stadium, was built in 1914 for the 1915 Panama-California Exposition with a capacity of 19,000 at that time. U.S. Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt gave speeches there. From 1961 to 1966 it was the home of the San Diego Chargers after being expanded to 34,000 capacity. Over the years it has played host to music legends such as Jimi Hendrix, and The Beatles in 1965. The 1914 stadium was torn down in the 1970s and a new one dedicated in 1978 with a seating capacity of about 3,000. In 2009 the stadium saw new turf decorated with the school's mascot, the Caver. The stadium is used for various sports including football, soccer and track, as well as San Diego High School graduation ceremonies. San Diego High School's mascot is the Cavers — originally the Cavemen. San Diego High participated in the first high school football game in San Diego County in 1898, defeating Escondido High School 6-0. Players and coaches from San Diego traveled in covered wagons over the course of two days to reach their destination. High School Football National Championship: 1916, 1955 High School Baseball National Champions: 1921

National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2: Cousin Eddie's Island Adventure is an 2003 American made-for-television comedy film. It premiered December 20, 2003 on NBC and stars Randy Quaid and Miriam Flynn reprising their roles as Cousin Eddie and Catherine, along with Dana Barron reprising her role as Audrey Griswold. It is the sequel to the 1989 film, "National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation", although it is more of a spin-off than a direct chapter of the National Lampoon's "Vacation" film series, because Chevy Chase and Beverly D'Angelo did not appear. The story begins with Cousin Eddie at his latest workplace, a nuclear facility where he 'works' alongside a monkey. When the monkey outperforms him in every test (specifically mental agility), the decision is made to fire him. Upon finding out the news, the two get into an argument which results in the monkey biting him. With Christmas approaching, Eddie is worried about what this job loss will mean for him and his family and he decides to talk to his former boss. Although the thought never occurs to him, the nuclear company is convinced that he will sue. As a preemptive countermeasure, they offer him and his family (along with Audrey Griswold and his Uncle Nick) a free vacation to an island in the South Pacific. While on holiday they take a trip on a boat, while Eddie attempts to catch a shark, they get lost and eventually shipwrecked on an isolated island. Eventually Eddie is able to prove himself a man by providing for his family and they all celebrate Christmas together on the island. Shortly after, they are rescued. Mike Stoklasa of RedLetterMedia's show "Best of the Worst" said the film "may have been the worst [he] had ever seen in [his] whole life." The cast ended the Christmas episode of the show by running a DVD copy of the film through a paper shredder, putting the shredded pieces in a Ziploc bag, and mailing them to Warner Bros. Pictures with a letter asking why the film was made. The film has an average score of 12% on Rotten Tomatoes.

In theoretical physics, the issue of route dependence deals with whether a selected differential between two points is taken as , or as being partly a function of the route along which comparative measurements are taken. It usually applies in discussions of gravitational potential or related effects such as gravitational redshift. ***LIST***. If we place two observers (A and B) on opposite sides of a rotating black hole, both on the rotation plane, with the hole directly between them, and with both observers being the same height above the hole, then the effective gravitational differential between the A and B measured across the plane depends on the direction around the hole in which measurements are taken. If light signals are exchanged around one side of the hole, in the equatorial plane, where the adjacent section of event horizon is moving roughly in the direction A→B, then frame-dragging effects should make it easier for light to move with the horizon's motion than against it, and the measurements should show B to be "downhill" of A. If we repeat the exercise with light signals sent around the other side of the hole, the resulting anisotropy in the speed of light will now act in the opposite direction, and B will appear to be "uphill" of A. At first sight this seems like a "bad" result as it allows energy to apparently be obtained "for free", because we can surround the black hole with a circular track, and allow an object to repeatedly fall "downhill" around the track from A to B and back again, extracting energy each time, and thus violating the principle of conservation of energy. On further examination, since the energy that we extract from these objects should create a mutual dragging effect on the spinning black hole and fractionally slow its rotation, the energy removed corresponds to the reduction in the rotating black hole's rotational kinetic energy. Energy conservation is not violated. In these sorts of gravitational problems, there is no longer a "global ranking" of gravitational potentials that allows convenient numerical values with global meanings to be assigned to points in space. Adjacent "local" gravitational potentials can be measured along specified routes, but one could surround a rotating body with three satellites, A, B and C, and say that according to the signals sent between adjacent objects, A > B, B > C and C > A. Some attempts to express these relationships may break down and generate logical paradoxes due to the inadequacies of global descriptions, but the underlying physics itself is paradox-free. Some gravitational arguments also suggest that the gravitational potential between two points in space, measured along an agreed "spatial" route, may depend on the amount of time that a test object takes to traverse the route (dependence on initial velocity). For an object moving between two positions, route dependence may apply not just to the "spatial" path but also to the "spacetime" path taken. These arguments appear when we attempt to calculate the gravitomagnetic effects of the velocity of a body, and are more complicated.

Death Adder is the name of two supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The original Death Adder (Roland Burroughs) first appeared in "Marvel Two-in-One" #64 (June 1980), created by writers Mark Gruenwald and Ralph Macchio. The second Death Adder (Theodore Scott), first appeared in "Civil War Files" #1 and was based on the concept of the original Death Adder. Burroughs was a hired criminal that was given his powers by the Brand Corporation that gave him razor sharp claws, gills and a long tail, but also left him mute. After a failed mission to steal the Serpent Crown Death Adder joined up with Sidewinder as Sidewinder created the Serpent Society. During the Society's first mission Death Adder killed M.O.D.O.K. using his poisoned talons. During a mission he was shot and killed by the vigilante known as the Scourge of the Underworld. He was later briefly reviewed to be part of the Legion of the Unliving and then brought back to life by the Hood to fight the Punisher. Theodore Scott, the second Death Adder, first appeared during the "Civil War" storyline in 2005-2006 as one of the criminals forced to join the Thunderbolts army. He would later join the Serpent Society just like his predecessor, he also became part of Serpent Solutions when the group was reorganized during the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" relaunch of several Marvel comic books. The first Death Adder first appeared in "Marvel Two-in-One" #64 (June 1980), and was created by Mark Gruenwald and Ralph Macchio. His identity was revealed by Rick Remender during an interview for ComicBookResources as the Death Adder who had been resurrected. Roland Burroughs was born in Rochester, New York. A small-time thug, Death Adder is chosen by Roxxon Oil Company to participate in a covert operation to retrieve the powerful Serpent Crown from the Atlantic Ocean. At Roxxon's Mutagenic Laboratory, Roland is surgically given gills and a bionic tail, as well as poison-tipped claws, to help him in his endeavors. An accident happens during this process which renders Death Adder mute. During the mission, he and his group, the third Serpent Squad, came into direct conflict with the heroes known as The Thing, Stingray, and Triton. The Serpent Squad is successful in finding the Serpent Crown, but are defeated by the heroes and taken into custody. He and his former teammates, Black Mamba and Anaconda, joined together again to infiltrate a zoo to sabotage Tony Stark's automatic animal-feeder and find a valuable weapon known as the "microscanner". This device scans and disrupts various body functions. They are ambushed and defeated by Iron Man, but were able to escape. They later receive an invitation to join Sidewinder's Serpent Society. All three attended the first organizational meeting of the Serpent Society. It was there in the Serpent Society that Death Adder was able to shine, killing M.O.D.O.K. during their first mission by scrapes of his poisoned talons. He encounters Captain America during this mission. He also participates in a mission to kill Captain America, whom the retired Porcupine had ostensibly captured. This is actually a ruse devised by the Captain, and it eventually leads to a battle which Death Adder (along with Cottonmouth and Rattler) lost; the three of them are after a time bailed out by Sidewinder, however. When ordered to bring the failed Princess Python back to her original group, the Circus of Crime, Death Adder's serpent saucer crashes in the South Bronx after it gets hit by an unknown weapon. Leaving Princess Python where she was and attempting to take a cab back to the base, he is shot and killed by the vigilante known as the Scourge of the Underworld, who is posing as the cab driver. His body is later found by Sidewinder, and his closest friends Anaconda and Black Mamba were able to mourn his death. It is later revealed that it was apparently also the Scourge who shot Death Adder out of the sky in the first place. Death Adder, among other villains, was revived by the Grandmaster and as part of the Legion of the Unliving was pitted against the Avengers. He eventually poisoned and killed Tigra, but after Death was freed from her imprisonment, she reverted the world back to the way it was before The Grandmaster's meddling. Death Adder was later among the seventeen criminals, all murdered by the Scourge, to be resurrected by Hood using the power of Dormammu as part of a squad assembled to eliminate the Punisher. He will be teamed up with the Basilisk. The Hood hosts a meeting for the resurrected criminals and explains to them that they have to kill the Punisher, telling them it was the Punisher who acted as the Scourge who killed them, and that if they do not kill the Punisher after one month the spell will end. Death Adder and Basilisk hold G.W. Bridge's family hostage to make him tell them where they can find the Punisher. Death Adder is one of the few villains to survive the battle against Punisher and Bridge, with it being implied in his next appearance that the Hood, in spite of his failure to kill the Punisher, performed the necessary spell required to ensure Death Adder's normal life span was restored. Along the way, Death Adder underwent surgeries provided to him via the Hood to undergo a major physical transformation. No longer does Death Adder wear a mask, as his face now resembles a chicken/lizard hybrid with a beak for a mouth and a fin much like his original mask possessed. Death Adder later appears as part of the new Crime Master's syndicate that serves as the main antagonist in the 2010 "Venom" series. He later becomes a member of Crime Master's Savage Six, a super-powered team to do his bidding. Death Adder is later killed by Venom. A new Death Adder appeared during Civil War. He is seen alongside many others criminals in the Thunderbolts army. Death Adder has been identified as one of the 142 registered superheroes who appear on the cover of the comic book "" #1. During the "Secret Invasion" storyline, the new Death Adder joined the Serpent Society. The Society held a number of civilians hostage in a compound in the American Midwest claiming they were protecting themselves from the Skrulls. However, they were easily defeated by Nova and his new Nova Corps. As part of the "All-New, All-Different Marvel" event, Death Adder appears as a member of Viper's Serpent Society under its new name of Serpent Solutions. During the "Opening Salvo" part of the "Secret Empire" storyline, Death Adder was with Serpent Solutions at the time when they are recruited by Baron Helmut Zemo to join his Army of Evil. Through mutagenic experimentation by the Brand Corporation, the first Death Adder's strength, stamina, durability, agility, and reflexes were artificially enhanced. He also became amphibious, able to breathe underwater through artificial gills as well as breathing on land through his nose. His anatomy was bionically bolstered to be able to withstand the ocean depths. His eyes were augmented to be able to see clearly in the murky depths of the ocean. He had a bionic tail which he could control like a fifth limb. He was able to swim at superhuman speeds. Death Adder wore lightweight full body armor supplied by the Brand Corporation, which included special spike-studded casing for his tail and titanium talons on his gloves. He sometimes filled the reservoirs in each of his gloved fingers with snake venom which could be squeezed through a tiny hole in each of his talons. These fingers could be pneumatically elongated from 8 to in length. Roland Burroughs had a college degree in engineering. Death Adder appeared in the Ultimate Marvel universe, though this version is actually female and was portrayed as a normal female who wore civilian clothing and had green lizard-like skin, along with her tail and claws. She works alongside the Serpent Squad and battles the Fantastic Four while searching for the Serpent Crown. She later reappears with the Serpent Squad, having escaped prison and once again searching for the Serpent Crown inside Project Pegasus. She was defeated by Spider-Man, the Human Torch, Iceman, and Rick Jones. A second, male Death Adder appears much later as a member of the street gang called the Serpent Skulls. He commanded his own punk-themed underlings. He was killed by the bloodthirsty vigilante Scourge during the final showdown with the All-New Ultimates. The female Death Adder most recently appeared alongside the Serpent Squad, once again stealing the Serpent Crown. This time, they were defeated by Spider-Man and the All-New Ultimates. In the Avengers series dedicated to the American Armed Forces, Death Adder appears as a member of the Serpent Society. Unlike the original Death Adder, this version was not mute (which may indicate he is the Theodore Scott version).

Colonel Michael Bumgarner (born 1959) has been a career officer in the military police of the United States Army. He is most noted for having been the commander of the Joint Detention Group, the guard force component of Joint Task Force Guantanamo, from April 2005 through June 2006, at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. During this period there was a widespread hunger strike in 2005, which he helped end. On June 10, 2006 three detainees were found dead, in what the United States Department of Defense announced as suicides. Bumgarner had other assignments after Guantanamo and retired from the military in 2010. In 2009 a report by Seton Hall University Law School criticized the DOD NCIS investigative account of the deaths as full of inconsistencies and errors. In a joint investigation by "Harper's magazine" and NBC News, a January 2010 article by Scott Horton asserted that Bumgarner and other senior military personnel at Guantanamo and in the Department of Defense participated in a cover-up of homicides of the three detainees, resulting from severe interrogations at a black site outside the main camp. The issue has not been conclusively settled. Michael Bumgarner is the son of a career Army sergeant major and his wife, in a family that valued military service. By high school, he was living in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Although he was admitted to West Point, Bumgarner left during the first year. He joined the ROTC to help in his college education at Western Carolina University, and entered the Army after college. In April 2005 Bumgarner was assigned as commander of the Joint Detention Group, the guard force component of Joint Task Force Guantanamo, under Maj. Gen. Jay W. Hood, serving into June 2006. Hood told him to think about how to get the camp more in compliance with the Third Geneva Convention, related to treatment of prisoners of war. The Bush administration had originally classified the detainees as illegal enemy combatants outside the Convention. Bumgarner took on his new assignment in the wake of the Abu Ghraib prisoner torture and abuse scandal in Iraq, which had been revealed in the spring of 2004. When Bumgarner arrived at Guantanamo, much about the detainees' legal status was unsettled. At the time, 530 detainees were held there and most had been classified as "noncompliant." In "Rasul v. Bush" (2004), the United States Supreme Court had ruled that detainees had the right to "habeas corpus", and could challenge their detentions. No military commissions had yet been held. Hundreds of detainees were held at the camp, many since early in 2002. Bumgarner worked to reduce tensions at the camp between the guards and detainees, for instance, supplying bottled water because of complaints about the tap water. In the summer, detainees started a widespread hunger strike, protesting conditions at the camp and, especially, demanding "fair trials or freedom." Bumgarner was the chief American negotiator during talks that ended the strike on July 28, 2005. Detainees have said that Colonel Bumgarner made promises of improvements in treatment and conditions that the camp administration later failed to fulfill. On June 10, 2006 the United States Department of Defense announced three detainees were found dead, in what were announced as suicides. Bumgarner was quoted a few days later saying of the detainees: "The trust level is gone. They have shown time and time again that we can't trust them any farther than we can throw them. There is not a trustworthy son of a ... in the entire bunch." An investigation by DOD by the NCIS cleared personnel of any wrongdoing but made recommendations for changes in treatment of detainees. It was released by DOD in 2008 in a heavily redacted form. After Guantanamo, Col. Bumgarner was assigned as the director of the Maneuver Support Center, Capabilities Development and Integration Directorate, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. He was responsible for developing new concepts for the Army to help protect the force. He served as the Senior US Advisor to the Baghdad Police College while serving in the Civilian Police Training Team (CPATT) from 2007 to 2008. Col. Bumgarner's final position from 2008-2010 was as the Professor of Military Science for the Army ROTC program at Virginia Tech. In 2009, Seton Hall University Law School published a report, "Death in Camp Delta," that was highly critical of the NCIS investigation and noted many inconsistencies in the DOD account. This was one of numerous reports which had been published by the Law School's Center for Policy and Research, which analyzed issues related to Guantanamo and the detainees. The report suggested that the camp had been grossly negligent, or that officers had made a cover-up of accidental death, perhaps resulting from torture during interrogation. In January 2010, Scott Horton, a journalist and human rights attorney, published an article in "Harper's magazine" asserting that the three detainees did not hang themselves as claimed by DOD in June 2006, but died under harsh interrogations at "Camp No". This was the result of a joint investigation with NBC News. "Camp No" was described as a black site outside the boundaries of the main camp. The investigation was based on interviews with four former guards, including a Camp Delta sergeant, who had been serving at Guantanamo at the time. They said that the detainees had been taken to the medical center not from their cellblock, but appeared to have been brought from the black site. Horton wrote that Bumgarner had participated in a major cover-up at the camp, in which top officers had been involved. The guards recounted that when Bumgarner briefed them at 7:00am, hours after the men's deaths, he said the men had died because of rags stuffed down their throats, but the press would be told that the men hanged themselves. The guards were told not to contradict the DOD account. On January 18, 2010, Bumgarner disputed Horton's assertions. According to the "Associated Press," Bumgarner stated in an email: "this blatant misrepresentation of the truth infuriates me." According to the "Associated Press," Bumgarner asserted he wanted to refute the story in more detail, but would have to get clearance from his superiors first.

Culture24, originally the 24 Hour Museum, is a British charity which publishes two websites, "Culture24" and "Show Me", about visual culture and heritage in the United Kingdom, as well as supplying data and support services to other cultural websites including Engaging Places. It operates independently, and receives government funding. Culture24 is based in Brighton, southern England, and has ten employees. The Culture24 Director is Jane Finnis, who contributed a chapter to "Learning to Live: Museums, young people and education" and in March 2010 was named as one of 50 "Women to Watch" in the United Kingdom cultural and creative sectors by the Cultural Leadership Programme. The Culture24 chairman is John Newbigin, who was named as one of Wired Magazine's top 100 people shaping the digital world in May 2010. The charity was founded in 2001 as the "24 Hour Museum", when the website of the same name became an independent company. The organisation changed its name to "Culture24" in November 2007, and the website followed suit on 11 February 2009. Culture24 is a registered charity and is funded by the UK government through Arts Council England (ACE). The (now defunct) Museums, Libraries and Archives Council was working with Culture24 as one of its partners in furthering the council's digital agenda, specifically helping to deliver: Culture24 also administers Museums at Night (UK), the annual weekend of late openings at museums, galleries and heritage sites. The main "Culture24" website is a guide to museums, public galleries, libraries, archives, heritage sites and science centres. It has a database of over 5,000 cultural institutions, who are able to update the information about their activities. It features daily arts, museum, history and heritage news, and exhibition reviews. News stories are available as RSS newsfeed. Culture24 also runs a site for children, "Show Me", which has online activities related to UK museums and galleries, including interactive games, quizzes and competitions. A section of the site contains guidance for parents and teachers about using online resources from museums and galleries. In 2009, Culture24 was runner-up in the Nominet Trust Best Practice Challenge. The Culture24 suite of websites won the 2010 "best of the web" award (long lived category) at the Museums and the Web Conference. Culture24 is also listed as one of the Guardian's top 100 essential websites, and one of the Sunday Times' top 10 museum websites.

Robert Edwards (16 January 1905 – 4 June 1990), usually known as Bob Edwards, was a British trade unionist and an Independent Labour Party (ILP) and Labour Co-operative politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1955 to 1987. Born in 1905, to docker parents, he was one of the youngest Labour councillors in Liverpool, becoming a councillor in 1927, aged 22. He also led an ILP Youth Delegation to the Soviet Union, where he met Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. During the General Strike in 1926 he was a TUC messenger, delivering important messages to the Trades Union Congress from individual unions. In the Spanish Civil War, he led the ILP Contingent in the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) on the Aragon front. They left Spain in May 1937. Edwards was a leading member of the ILP after it split from the Labour in the 1930 and 1940s, serving as the party's Chairman from 1943 to 1948. Between 1947 and 1971, he was the General Secretary of the Chemical Workers' Union, and was also a member of the Transport and General Workers' Union. As an ILP candidate, Edwards unsuccessfully contested Chorley at the 1935 general election, and Stretford at a by-election in 1939 and the Newport by-election in 1945 (where he won 45.5% of the votes). He was elected as Labour Co-operative MP for Bilston in the 1955 general election. The constituency was abolished in 1974, so in the February 1974 election, he stood successfully for Wolverhampton South East which covers a similar area. In 1983, he became the oldest sitting British MP. Edwards stood down in 1987 and was succeeded by Dennis Turner. The former Labour Party leader Michael Foot became the oldest sitting British MP after Edwards' retirement.

Sir Ywain , also called Owain, Yvain, Ewain or Uwain, is a Knight of the Round Table and the son of King Urien and Morgan le Fay in Arthurian legend. The historical Owain mab Urien, on whom the literary character is based, was the king of Rheged in Great Britain during the late 6th century. Ywain was one of the earliest characters associated with King Arthur, being mentioned in Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae", and was also one of the most popular, starring in Chrétien de Troyes' "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion" and appearing prominently in many later accounts. He remains Urien's son in virtually all literature in which he appears: other characters in Arthurian legend based on historical figures, for instance Sir Kay, lost their original familial connections in romance literature. Ywain, the character of the romances, takes his name from Owain mab Urien, a historical figure of the 6th-century kingdom of Rheged at the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain. His name was recorded in the bardic tradition of Taliesin and became a legendary character in the Welsh Triads, where his father, sister, horse and personal bard are all acclaimed but his wife Penarwan is named one of the "Three Faithless Wives of Britain", along with her sister Esyllt (Iseult, Tristan's love). The settlers of Brittany brought much of their insular British culture when they came to the continent, and in the 12th century, updated versions of Breton lais and stories became popular with French audiences. Chrétien de Troyes wrote "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion" at the same time he was working on "Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart" during the 1170s. In it, Yvain seeks to avenge his cousin Calogrenant who had been defeated by an otherworldly knight beside a magical storm-making fountain in the forest of Brocéliande. Yvain defeats the knight, Esclados, and falls in love with his widow Laudine. With the aid of Laudine's servant Lunete, Yvain wins his lady and marries her, but Gawain convinces him to embark on chivalric adventure. His wife assents but demands he return after a set period of time, but he becomes so enthralled in his knightly exploits that he forgets his lady, and she bars him from returning. Yvain goes mad with grief, but eventually decides to win back his love. A lion he rescues from a serpent proves to be a loyal companion and a symbol of knightly virtue, and helps him complete his altruistic ventures. In the end, Laudine allows him and his lion to return to her fortress. "Yvain" had a huge impact on the literary world; German poet Hartmann von Aue used it as the basis for his Middle High German court epic "Iwein", while the author of "Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain", one of the Welsh Romances included in the "Mabinogion", tells essentially the same story, recasting the work in a Welsh setting. The story exists in a several further versions in different languages, including the Middle English "Ywain and Gawain". Ywain appears in all the cyclical accounts such as the Vulgate Cycle, the Post-Vulgate Cycle, and Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur" as well as in numerous independent romances. His importance is indicated by his close friendship with Gawain and the passage in the "Mort Artu" section of the Lancelot-Grail cycle where he is one of the last knights to die before Arthur. Ywain's mother is often said to be Arthur's half-sister, making him Arthur's nephew. This sister is Morgan le Fay in the Post-Vulgate Cycle and Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur", but other works name another sibling. He is the nephew of Morgause and King Lot, and cousin to Gawain, Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth and Mordred. He has a half-brother (with whom he is often confused) named Ywain the Bastard, son of Urien and his seneschal's wife. Ywain's birth by the fay Morgan may have its roots in Welsh legends: two of the Triads claim the goddess-like Modron as his mother. Travelling through Denbighshire, Urien comes across the Ford of Barking where dogs congregate and bark for some unknown reason. Only Urien is brave enough to go near the place and there he discovers Modron, endlessly washing clothes (a scene common in Celtic legend, see Morrígan). He has his way with her, and she announces she had been destined to remain at the ford until she had conceived a son by a Christian. She tells Urien to return at the end of the year to receive his children and these are the twins Owain and Morvydd. But Ywain is not associated with Morgan in the continental literature until the 13th century Post-Vulgate cycle. Morgan appears in Chrétien's "Knight of the Lion" as a healer but the author doesn't imply she is the protagonist's mother. The character Calogrenant or Colgrevance from "Knight of the Lion" is another important cousin in the romance. In "The Dream of Rhonabwy", a tale associated with the "Mabinogion", Owain is one of Arthur's top warriors and plays a game of chess against him while the Saxons prepare to fight the Battle of Badon. Three times during the game, Owain's men inform him that Arthur's squires have been slaughtering his ravens, but when Owain protests, Arthur simply responds, "Your move." Then Owain's ravens retaliate against the squires, and Owain doesn't stop them until Arthur crushes the chess men. The Saxon leaders arrive and ask for a truce of two weeks, and the armies move on to Cornwall. Rhonabwy, the dreamer of the "Dream", awakens, and the reader is left as confused as he is. The "Dream of Rhonabwy" has never been satisfactorily interpreted. He appears in Child Ballad 34, "Kemp Owyne", as the title hero, where his role is to disenchant a maiden turned into a dragon by kissing her three times. This story has no parallels in Arthurian legend, and it is not clear how he came to be attached to this story, although many other Arthur knights appear in other ballads with as little connection to their appearances in Arthurian legend. In modern novels, he appears in Marion Zimmer Bradley's "Mists of Avalon"; but as Morgan le Fay's foster son, not her biological son. In Bernard Cornwell's "The Winter King" Owain is the chief warlord of Uther Pendragon and the champion of Dumnonia. He is depicted as an accomplished and much-feared soldier, but is morally corrupt and a war profiteer. After accepting money to massacre innocent tin miners to frame a foreign power, Arthur accuses Owain of dishonour and challenges him to a duel, in which Owain is killed.

The Candy Band is a punk rock band designed specifically to appeal to children. It is composed of four Detroit area moms who were tired of what they deemed wimpy music for kids. Paula Messner sang for Vertical Pillows in the 1980s and then with Motor Dolls. She decided to find three other stay-at-home moms to form a band. In 2003 they formed The Candy Band, playing punk covers of nursery rhymes, movie themes and other children's favorites, along with original tunes. The band performed at schools, festivals, libraries, and sometimes at a bar. They were on the Washington DC's Pancake Mountain TV show, they were part of the Vans Warped Tour and they played the "Kidzapalooza" stage at Chicago's Lollapalooza festival in 2005, 2006 and 2007. They have both performed and recorded with the Detroit Symphony Civic Youth Orchestra and they appear regularly at the Detroit Zoo. Their first album, "Candy Band", was released in 2003. It was followed by "More Candy" in 2004, "Lollipunk" in 2005, and "Calling All Kids" in 2007. Their fifth album, "High Five," was recorded in 2009 at Rustbelt Studios, with engineer Al Sutton.

Strathmore is a cultural and artistic venue and institution in North Bethesda, Maryland, United States. Strathmore was founded in 1981 and consists of two venues: the Mansion and the Music Center. It is the home to hundreds of performances and events per year presented by Strathmore Hall Foundation, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, National Philharmonic, Levine Music, City Dance, interPLAY Orchestra, and others. The Strathmore arts complex is connected to an upper floor of the parking garage at the Grosvenor-Strathmore Washington Metro station via an elevated pedestrian walkway, the Carlton R. Sickles Memorial Sky Bridge, named after late Congressman Carlton R. Sickles. The complex is thus accessible for patrons coming from Washington, D.C., as well as the northern part of Montgomery County, Maryland via the Metro rail system. The center's President & CEO is Eliot Pfanstiehl. More than 5,000 artists and 2 million visitors have attended exhibitions, concerts, teas, educational events and outdoor festivals since 1983. Highlights include hosting the first National Kaleidoscope Exhibition, the world premiere of the Rhodes-Nadler Art Collection, the opening of the 1,976-seat Music Center at Strathmore in February 2005, described as “…the best place to hear an orchestra the Washington area has ever known”; and producing the world premiere concert of "cELLAbration: A Tribute to Ella Jenkins". ***LIST***. The Mansion features a 100-seat Dorothy M. and Maurice C. Shapiro Music room. This room hosts the Music in the Mansion series with performances of chamber music, vocal and instrumental recitals, jazz and folk music. There is an 1850 Broadwood piano, restored in 1994. There are free outdoor concerts in summer, as well as the Backyard Theater for Children every Thursday morning. ***LIST***. Anchored by the founding partners, Strathmore and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, resident artistic partners include the National Philharmonic, Washington Performing Arts Society, CityDance Ensemble, Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras, and Levine School of Music. The Music Center at Strathmore features an undulating roof that outlines the sloping form of the concert hall. Inspired by the rolling hills of the Strathmore grounds, the building is nestled into an park-like setting. The German limestone façade is punctuated by large glass walls. A six-story, high glass wall in the Lockheed Martin Lobby features 402 panes of glass, and opens to the outdoor Trawick Terrace that overlooks the Strathmore campus. The concert hall was designed in the traditional “shoebox” form of many international concert halls. Above the stage, a mechanized canopy of 43 individually controlled acrylic panels can be adjusted to fine-tune sound for clarity and reverberation. Tunable sound-absorbing curtains behind the bronze grilling and banners in the ceiling can be deployed out of sight to dampen or enliven the sound. The Education Center, located at the opposite end of the building, features four expansive rehearsal spaces, including a dance studio with a sprung floor and two rehearsal rooms with high ceilings. This wing of the building also features a children’s music classroom, a small two-story rehearsal room and nine solo and small group practice spaces. Strathmore, which began as a turn-of-the-century mansion featuring small chamber performances and art exhibitions in 1983, developed its plans for the Music Center over 20 years ago. In 1985, Strathmore’s Board of Directors and President and CEO Eliot Pfanstiehl began discussions about the need for a larger educational and performance space. In 1996, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, under the leadership of former president John Gidwitz, expressed interest in creating a second home in Montgomery County, and joined Strathmore as a founding partner of the Music Center at Strathmore. In 1998, the Montgomery County Council and the Maryland State Legislature approved matching capital support ($48 million each) for the Music Center at Strathmore. After the design team was selected in 2001, work began under the direction of the county. The public-private partnership between Strathmore Hall Foundation, Inc. assumes the day-to-day management and artistic programming of the Music Center and Mansion. Hundreds of donors stepped forward to help build, equip and sustain the operation of the Music Center. ***LIST***. The grounds contain 23 commissioned and donated sculptures by various local and national artists, including works by Stefan Saal, Barton Rubenstein, Carol Gellner Levin, Foon Sham and Wendy Ross. Located on the Bou Family Terrace, "Tetra Con Brio," a monumental sculpture of cast bronze, steel, and polished concrete, stands tall and weighs 4,500 pounds. Created by California artist Roger W. Stoller. A flagship program of Strathmore’s Institute for Artistic and Professional Development, the Artist in Residence (AIR) program was created more than a decade ago to support artists as they transition to professional careers. Since its inception in 2005, the program has mentored 58 musicians ages 16–32. Every year a class of six is chosen after a competitive selection program. Strathmore Artists in Residence benefit from the support of mentor musicians, participate in professional development seminars, and are offered extensive performance opportunities throughout the 10-month program. Artists who have been a part of the program are Frédéric Yonnet, Christylez Bacon, Chris Urquiaga, Owen Danoff, and Chelsey Green, among others.

The Tirah Campaign, often referred to in contemporary British accounts as the Tirah Expedition, was an Indian frontier war in 1897–1898. Tirah is a mountainous tract of country in what is now a federally administered tribal area of Pakistan. The Afridi tribe had received a subsidy from the government of British India for the safeguarding of the Khyber Pass for sixteen years; in addition to which the government had maintained for this purpose a local regiment entirely composed of Afridis, who were stationed in the pass. Suddenly, however, the tribesmen rose, captured all the posts in the Khyber held by their own countrymen, and attacked the forts on the Samana Range near the city of Peshawar. The Battle of Saragarhi occurred at this stage. It was estimated that the Afridis and Orakzais could, if united, bring from 40,000 to 50,000 men into the field. The preparations for the expedition occupied some time, and meanwhile British authorities first dealt with the Mohmand rising northwest of the Khyber Pass. The general commanding was General Sir William Lockhart commanding the Punjab Army Corps; he had under him 34,882 men, British and Indian, in addition to 20,000 followers. The frontier post of Kohat was selected as the base of the campaign, and it was decided to advance along a single line. On 18 October, the operations commenced, fighting ensuing immediately. The Dargai heights, which commanded the line of advance, were captured without difficulty, but abandoned owing to the want of water. On 20 October the same positions were stormed, with a loss of 199 of the British force killed and wounded. The progress of the expedition, along a difficult track through the mountains, was obstinately contested on 29 October at the Sampagha Pass leading to the Mastura valley, and on 31 October at the Arhanga Pass from the Mastura to the Tirah valley. The force, in detached brigades, now traversed the Tirah district in all directions, and destroyed the walled and fortified hamlets of the Afridis. The two divisions available for this duty numbered about 20,000 men. A force about 3,200 strong commanded by Brigadier-General (afterwards Major General Sir Richard) Westmacott was first employed to attack Saran Sar, which was easily carried, but during the retirement the troops were hard pressed and had 64 casualties. On 11 November, Saran Sar was again attacked by the brigade of Brigadier-General (afterwards Sir Alfred) Gaselee. Experience enabled better dispositions to be made, and the casualties were only three. The traversing of the valley continued, and on 13 November a third brigade under Brigadier General Francis James Kempster visited the Waran valley via the Tseri Kandao Pass. Little difficulty was experienced during the advance, and several villages were destroyed; but on 16 November, during the return march, the rearguard was hotly engaged all day, and had to be relieved by fresh troops next morning. British casualties numbered 72. Almost daily the Afridis, too wise to risk general engagements, waged continual guerrilla warfare, and troops engaged in foraging or survey duties were constantly attacked. On 21 November, a brigade under Brigadier-General Westmacott was detached to visit the Rajgul valley. The road was exceedingly difficult and steady opposition was encountered. The objectives were accomplished, but with 23 casualties during the retirement alone. The last task undertaken was the punishment of the Chamkannis, Mamuzais, and Massozais. This was carried out by Brigadier-General Gaselee, who joined hands with the Kurram movable column ordered up for the purpose. The Mamuzais and Massozais submitted immediately, but the Chamkannis offered resistance on 1 and 2 December, with about 30 British casualties. The Kurram column then returned to its camp, and Lockhart prepared to evacuate Tirah, despatching his two divisions by separate routes: the first under Major-General W. Penn Symons (d. 1899) to return via the Mastura valley, destroying the forts on the way, and to join at Bara, within easy march of Peshawar; the second division under Major General Yeatman Biggs (d. 1898), and, accompanied by Lockhart, to move along the Bara valley. The base was thus to be transferred from Kohat to Peshawar. The return march began on 9 December. The cold was intense, 21 degrees of frost being registered before leaving Tirah. The movement of the first division though arduous was practically unopposed, but the 40 miles to be covered by the second division were contested almost throughout. The actual march down the Bara valley (34 miles) commenced on 10 December, and involved four days of the hardest fighting and marching of the campaign. The road crossed and recrossed the icy stream, while snow, sleet and rain fell constantly. On the 10th, the casualties numbered about twenty. On the 11th, some fifty or sixty casualties were recorded among the troops, but many followers were killed or died of exposure, and quantities of stores were lost. On the 12th, the column halted for rest. On the 13th, the march was resumed in improved weather, though the cold was still severe. The rearguard was heavily engaged, and the casualties numbered about sixty. On the 14th, after further fighting, a junction with the Peshawar column was effected. The first division, aided by the Peshawar column, now took possession of the Khyber forts without opposition. Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis, who under the threat of another expedition into Tirah in the spring at length agreed to pay the fines and to surrender the rifles demanded. The expeditionary force was broken up on 4 April 1898. A memorable feature of this campaign was the presence in the fighting line of the Imperial Service native troops under their own officers, while several of the best known of the Indian princes served on Lockhart's staff.

Founded in 1948 by Natalie Luethi-Peterson, the Luethi-Peterson Camps (LPC) are non-profit, co-ed summer camps in different countries, that aim to foster international understanding by bringing together kids from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Officially, its stated purpose is to "be a project based upon the conviction that understanding is essential to peace and that such understanding can be best realized through personal friendship and mutual respect which such friendship engenders." Using crafts, sports, music and language study as vehicles, LPC emphasizes self-government, guiding campers to take responsibility for themselves and their community. The campers do a lot of the cooking and cleaning and share in the decision-making. Accommodations and amenities are relatively simple. Attendees spend time trying to learn each other's languages and getting familiar with each other's cultures. Campers and counselors form friendships across all ages, genders, language, and nationalities. What started out as a single camp in 1949 with campers from both sides of World War II grew as the number of campers wishing to attend increased. Today, there are usually between five and eight camp sites each summer mostly in Europe. With the exceptions of Freedom (located in New Hampshire), Birchpoint (located in Maine) and Heggnes (located in Norway), which are owned or administered directly by LPC, the sites are rented annually (e.g. : schoolhouses, farmhouses, holiday houses). Each camp is between 4–6 weeks with an average size of about 24 campers and 8 counselors. Camps are run for either younger children, ages 9–14 or older kids, ages 14–17. Natalie Luethi Peterson, the founder of the organisation, first met Pavey Lupton in 1944, when they were both studying in Wellesley College. World War Two was still going on and both of them wanted to do something about the hostility between the countries that were in war with each other. Natalie had earlier directed day-camps for kids in her town so she figured she had all the experience she needed to run a summer-camp. However, the biggest problems were to find people and financial support. Many people liked the idea so by small donations and personal connections, they finally managed to get enough to start the camp. Natalie and Pavey found support in the American Friends Service Committee as well as the Wellesley College and Donald Watt, the founder of the World's Learning Experiments in International Living. The biggest support and inspiration came from Paul and Edith Geheeb, the founders of the Freie Schulgemeinde, Odenwaldschule and the Ecole d'Humanité, which still has a big connection with LPC. The first LPC camp was located in Mösli, Switzerland, and lasted from August to September 1949. At the time, the organisation was called Young Leaders International, but it soon had to be changed to Luethi Peterson Camps, because of the American sensitivity to communist uprising. In 1968 there was a camp in Czechoslovakia (for the first time that year. Since 2010 the LPC tradition is renewed in Klinovice) when the country was occupied by the Soviet Union which was a big challenge for camp and mostly for getting back home. For 11 years, Natalie directed almost every camp herself, but as the organisation grew one camp a year just wasn't enough. From 1959, more than one camp was held and new directors were trained. In 1974, the first older kids camp was held, and for a long time, older kids camps were always dedicated to a certain theme. Among those are hiking, music, dance, emancipation, etc. In these days, LPC organises 4-6 camps every year in Europe and USA. Luethi Peterson Camps strives to achieve peace between participants by stressing a theme of understanding within. This understanding comes about through the collection of diverse groups and is best achieved through personal friendship and mutual respect. Young groups of people from differing racial, religious and socio-economic backgrounds coming together at such pivotal ages aids the themes of equality and community importance within the organisation. LPC also aims to promote personal growth and responsibility amongst the campers and counsellors through creating a communal environment that depends on active participation. Every camp has one or two directors; the job of the director is to make the camp run smooth and mostly safe without losing the free-spirited and cosy experience of the camp. Each director has to be trained before becoming one. The first director-training camp was held at the Buochs in 1966. Executive Committee: It was found in 1992 and consists of three members (past or present directors) who serve in three-year term. It is the support for the directors when needed during the year, when planning- or during camp. Christmas Conference (CC): The Christmas conference is a decision making body of LPC. It is a week-long conference of directors, where they discuss issues and agenda-points from previous camps and plan the upcoming camps. The Board of Governors: It is the legal entity of LPC. Its main job is to fund-raise, organise LPC-picnics and host campers before camp in the USA. Core activities are certain institutions which are inseparable from any LPC-camps. Those are: Morgensport: After the wake up, which is problematic for some, there is morgensport. When we usually play some games, which are not very tiring and say good morning to each other. Putz/ Abwasch: “What better way to start of than with clean dishes. One of the oldest and most cherished of LPC institutions” during the putz we clean the dishes while we are divided in families. Singing is where the camp share songs from different countries and different languages with each other. Folkdancing is where the camp comes together to teach and share different dances with each other from different countries. In LPC, it's a tradition to have all the campers from different parts of the world teach their language in courses. A big part of LPC camp is also translations, during which we get to hear many different languages. Another important aspect of the camp are the courses, where the counsellors and the campers can teach sports, dance, crafts, cooking and anything else they want to teach. Specific course every day, that needs to happen is cooking lunch and dinner. During the camp we usually do one overnight hike as a whole group and later one we separate in small groups and go hiking for 3 days. It is a good way to explore the surroundings and to get to know each other better. The whole camp-group is divided into groups/families, which eat and do putz together. Each family is composed of 5-6 campers and usually two counsellors. Once a week, there also is a special family time, the family play games, go hiking or organise something for evening program. Once a week (sometimes more) the whole camp-group meets and discusses various topics, campers learn to express their feelings and find solutions and make compromises. Equality and Uniqueness: The theme of equality and uniqueness are ever-stressed as it is important that every participant feels as an equal and is treated as such, whilst it is important that every participants´ unique qualities are embraced, shared and accommodated. LPC stresses a safe environment in which everyone can be themselves. It is one of the most important aspects of LPC, because one of its main goals is to bring up new positive leaders. Simple Living: It is another very important part of LPC program. It means no technology, like TV, radio, washing machine, computer, WC (sometimes) and hot showers. Instead we try to bake our own bread, wash our own clothes, clean the house ourselves and live as simply living. Self-Government: One of the main goals of LPC is to teach campers responsibility. A method used in camps is for the campers to begin helping with various aspects of camp-life from the first day on. The campers learn how to prepare meals, to lead activities and games and organise different camp jobs. Sometimes the campers lead and organise a whole day. Cultural sharing: In LPC there are many different cultures; people from all over the world share their own culturals with each other. Language courses, songs, and meals from different countries are examples of cultural activities., In the 61 years of LPC's existence, it has had camps in the following countries: ***LIST***. Three camp-sites are essential to LPC these are Hegnes in Norway, Birch Point and Freedom in USA. Birch Point is one of the most popular campsites situated in Maine, USA. It is owned by ex-directors Tim and Gail Moorhouse. It is a theme campsite itself. There is no electricity or running water, which is the simple living experience. Freedom is one of the “permanent” camps in LPC. Only younger kids camps are held at the site. The house is owned by LPC itself, it is located in Freedom, NH, USA. It's a tradition that the campers and counsellors give a performance in the local parade. Hegnes is located on the western coast of Norway. As Birch Point, it is owned by an ex-director, Barthold Vonen, and is also perfect for the theme of simple living since there is no running water. However, it is very beautiful, especially with the surrounding of the fjord, mountains and fairytale forest. The daily schedule varies from camp to camp, but they retain a similarity. An average camp's day goes something like this: After wake-up, the camp comes together for a quick game or some easy exercises before getting dressed. Washing and bed-making follow while breakfast is being prepared. After breakfast comes a half-hour or so of singing, in which songs of many different languages are sung. "Putzpause" (a general cleaning period) follows, when the camp works together to put the house in order and to do the laundry and dishes. A twenty-minute language course is sometimes set between Putzpause and the first course hour. Between the first and the second course hours a snack will be provided and counsellors will have a short conference. Campers will choose between three or four different activities to attend for these course hours. Lunch follows the second course hour, and then a rest hour when the house is kept quiet, so that anyone who needs to sleep can do so. After rest hour the whole camp usually comes together for folkdancing, or some sort of outdoor game. A second snack is offered in the middle of the afternoon and a conference held to plan the following day. After dinner and dishes, there is an evening program, followed by showers, good night circle, and bedtime. ***LIST***. According to the discussions, held in the LPC World Gathering in Hasliberg, 2008, as well as discussions held in LPC Hegnes 2009: In the future LPC hopes to expand its horizons eastward, moving towards including more countries from the Asian continent. With the aim of making LPC a more legitimately viewed union, steps will soon be taken to make the camp an official non-profit organization. An important factor in the woodwork of LPC is the notion that individuals from all types of backgrounds and locations are welcome and encouraged to participate. It is in that same understanding that LPC is now in the process of attempting to find an apt way to include those from Muslim communities, as cultural restrictions may be keeping them from active participation within the camp. It is with this knowledge that suggestions to alter certain aspects of the program are being proposed to be completely all-inclusive. In addition LPC hopes to continue to illustrate the ideals of community and common understanding internationally, through the bringing together of the world’s youth. It is also imperative that LPC is able to adjust to changing times without losing sight of how important each summer really is.

Balsac the Jaws of Death is the rhythm guitarist in the rock band Gwar. He appears as a humanoid creature with a face resembling a bear-trap. Balsac is usually portrayed wielding a giant battleaxe. In contrast to the other bandmates, Balsac speaks with a pretentious British accent until "Lust in Space", where he speaks with an American accent during an argument with Oderus Urungus on the track "Where Is Zog? ", though he also speaks without an accent during the argument in "Have You Seen Me?" from "The Road Behind" EP. In the original Gwar lineup in 1985, Jaws of Death and BalSac (pronounced Ball Sick) were two separate characters. Jaws of Death (played by Death Piggy guitarist Steve Douglas) wore a crude version of the familiar animal trap face, while BalSac (Chris Bopst) played bass and wore a simple open-face piece of spiked headgear. After several lineup changes, Douglas would return to the band as Balsac the Jaws of Death for the recording of Gwar's first album "Hell-O", only to be replaced by Michael Derks shortly after. Balsac has occasionally been featured as a vocalist. Balsac's vocals can be heard on the songs "Obliteration of Flab Quarv 7", from "This Toilet Earth", and "Mary Anne" from "We Kill Everything". Derks' first Gwar song was "Black and Huge," and the first song featuring him on vocals was "The Needle." "The Needle" was never released on a Metal Blade album, but it was a Slave Pit Single, and was re-recorded as "Escape From The Mooselodge" on "We Kill Everything", featuring Oderus Urungus on vocals. "Black and Huge" was originally recorded after "Hell-O" was released in the United States. Balsac was originally played by Chris Bopst, and at that time, Balsac was the band's bassist. It was Bopst who gave Balsac The Jaws of Death his full name. However, by the time "Hell-O" had been released, Beefcake and Balsac switched roles and Steve Douglas had replaced Bopst. Douglas played the character until soon after "Hell-O" was released when he passed the torch to Michael Derks. With the exception of a few gigs in Europe in 1991 where Balsac was played by Barry 'D'live' Ward of RKL, Derks has played the character ever since. Derks also runs the Gwar mailing list and has performed in Gwar spin-off bands X-Cops, Rawg, and the Dave Brockie Experience. A large portion of Gwar's catalog was written (or co-written) by Derks, who has also contributed to the production of several songs. According to the timeline of Slave Pit, Inc., Michael Derks joined the band in 1988, making him the second longest (after Dave Brockie) serving member of Gwar. The character is one of the two longest-serving, having been in every single incarnation of Gwar. When asked how exactly he walks in his awkwardly shaped boots he replied, "It's hard, man." The boots in question are actually an optical illusion, with Derks's legs and feet going straight down, but the way the boots are made make it look as if his legs are bent backwards like a horse's leg. In 2012, he joined the 11th Annual Independent Music Awards judging panel to assist independent musicians' careers. Derks currently plays Schecter Guitars and Krank amplifiers. For a time, he played guitars that were similar in shape to the Gibson Explorer (for a brief time, he actually played one) - most photographs are seen of him playing ESP's equivalent. Before his Schecter endorsement, he played a custom signature variant of the ESP EX series, which features a single EMG 81 bridge pickup and a custom Balsac graphic. In the video to "Immortal Corrupter," he is seen playing a yellow-to-black Washburn Dimebag Darrell 333 guitar with red lightning bolts. Only two people had this paint job - Derks and Dimebag Darrell himself. Derks' guitar was stolen after the August 16, 2002 Dave Brockie eXperience concert which was recovered and given back to him by a fan in 2010. He also owned (it was sold on eBay in 2005) a Steinberger P-series guitar, an instrument he seemed to like (though few of his fans thought it wasn't a real guitar). He also played Fernandes guitars for a time in 1997-9. In 2012, Schecter announced two signature models to be released in the year. It is based on a design made by ex-Nevermore guitarist Jeff Loomis. One model will feature a single Seymour Duncan Blackout Phase 2 pickup with a Tune-O-Matic bridge, along with a custom Balsac graphic where the neck pickup would be, and the 2nd model will feature 2 EMG 81 pickups and a Floyd Rose tremolo system, while being devoid of the Balsac graphic. Both guitars will have a single Balsac inlay on the 3rd fret. He has played through Fatboy, Crate, Marshall, and Mesa Boogie amplifiers in the past. He claims he has been using Mesa/Boogie gear for over 20 years, using a Simulclass 295 Stereo power amp since 1989 and a TriAxis preamp since they were first released.

Asma Barlas (born 1950), is a Pakistani-American writer and academic. Her specialties include comparative and international politics, Islam and Qur'anic hermeneutics, and women's studies. Barlas was born in Pakistan in 1950. She earned a bachelor of arts in English literature and philosophy from Kinnaird College and a master's degree in journalism from the University of the Punjab. She also holds a master's degee and Ph.D. in international studies from the University of Denver. Barlas was one of the first women to be inducted into the foreign service in 1976. Six years later, she was dismissed on the orders of General Zia ul Haq. She worked briefly as assistant editor of the opposition newspaper "The Muslim" before receiving political asylum in the United States in 1983. Barlas joined the politics department of Ithaca College in 1991. She was the founding director of the Center for the Study of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity for 12 years. She held Spinoza Chair in Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam in 2008. Barlas has focused on the way Muslims produce religious knowledge, especially patriarchal exegesis of the Qur'an, a topic she has explored in her book, ""Believing Women" in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an". She rejects the designation of her views and interpretations of Islam as "Islamic feminism," unless that term is defined as "a discourse of gender equality and social justice that derives its understanding and mandate from the Qur'an and seeks the practice of rights and justice for all human beings in the totality of their existence across the public-private continuum." In her first book, "Democracy, Nationalism and Communalism: The Colonial Legacy in South Asia", Barlas explored the relationship of militarism in Pakistani politics to British colonialism.

The Zimbabwe national rugby union team is the rugby union team representing Zimbabwe. They are considered to be a third tier rugby union nation by World Rugby (WR), the international governing body for the sport of rugby union. The Zimbabwe team has participated in rugby activities since the late 19th century with matches being played against touring international teams as early as 1910. The national team has a long association with touring British Isles teams, who would regularly play matches against them in their tours of South Africa. The earliest tour being in 1910 when Zimbabwe was known as Southern Rhodesia. The side has also played New Zealand on several occasions, the first being in the late 1920s. The Zimbabwe national rugby team have competed at two Rugby World Cup tournaments, the first in 1987 and the second in 1991. With the Apartheid-era exclusion of South Africa, Zimbabwe was the first African nation to compete in the World Cup, although they are yet to win a finals fixture. The team are also known as the Sables. When the Pioneer Column arrived in Rhodesia from the Cape Province in 1890 it brought with it the country's first rugby players. The oldest clubs in the country, Queens and the Bulawayo Athletic Club, were formed in 1894 in Bulawayo and the Rhodesia Rugby Football Union was founded one year later in 1895. The first tour by a Rhodesian team to South Africa took place in 1898, and was composed of players from the five biggest clubs in the two major settlements of Bulawayo and Salisbury (today called Harare). A British Lions team played a side called Southern Rhodesia on 30 July in 1910 in Bulawayo, the British saw victory, beating the team 24 points to 11. In 1924 a British side would play another match against Rhodesia, on 24 July in Salisbury, the British won 16 to 3. On 14 July 1928, Rhodesia played in Bulawayo against New Zealand, losing 8 to 44. During their 1938 tour to South Africa, the British Lions played two matches against Rhodesia. The first, taking place on 20 July saw the British win 25 to 11, three days later the British won again, 45 to 11. These matches were played in Salisbury and Bulawayo. The 1949 the Rhodesian Rugby team led by John Morkel famously beat a touring All Blacks side led by Fred Allen in Bulawayo 10-8 on 27 July. Three days later they drew with the mighty All Blacks in Salisbury 3-3. The 1955 tour of South Africa by the British Lions, had two fixtures against Rhodesia. The first on 27 July in Kitwe was won by the Lions, 27 to 14. The Lions won 16 to 12 in Salisbury in the following game. In 1960, New Zealand again returned to play a match on 2 July at Glamis Park, Rhodesia losing 14 to 29 (6-6 at half time). The 1962 tour of South Africa by the British Lions had Rhodesia as the opening fixture on the tour. The opening game of the Lions tour saw the visitors win in Bulawayo, beating Rhodesia 38 to 9 on 26 May. The next tour, in 1964, the Lions won in Salisbury, beating the side 32 to 6. In 1973 Rhodesia played a one-off match against Italy, winning 42 to 4. In 1970 Rhodesia played New Zealand for the last time on 27 July, losing 14 to 27. The final record against the All Blacks was an impressive Played 5, won 1 drawn 1 and lost 3. In 1974, the Lions were back at Salisbury where they defeated Rhodesia 42 to 6. The coming decades of the 1960s and 1970s saw a number of home-grown players considered good enough to be selected for South Africa. Rhodesia's rugby playing strength reached its peak in the early to mid-1970s seasons when the country possessed 49 clubs, putting together 102 teams. Record against Tier One nations prior to 1980 In 1980 the Rhodesia Rugby Football Union was renamed the Zimbabwe Rugby Union. A tour to England was undertaken that year playing six matches, the first against Surrey at Twickenham and one of the others being against Gloucestershire at Kingsholm on 1 October. They played their first international game as Zimbabwe on 7 July 1981 against Kenya, winning 34 to 24. In 1987 they were invited to participate in the World Cup that year. Zimbabwe lost all three of its pool matches. During the 1990s the Zimbabwe national team played regularly against Namibia as well as playing against the Ivory Coast and Morocco on a few occasions. In 1991 the team was again competing at the World Cup. Placed in pool B amongst sides Ireland, Scotland and Japan, but failed to win any games. In June 2005, Zimbabwe started on the road to the 2007 World Cup, defeating Senegal 21 to 15 in the Africa round 1B: Pool A. But lost their second match against Côte d'Ivoire. Zimbabwe had a disappointing 2006 Africa Cup campaign, finished third in their group with Madagascar and Zambia. Zimbabwe has been blessed with many world-class rugby players over the years. Despite limited facilities and coaching, the country has been competitive up to high school level. However, there is little incentive for most players to play beyond high school level, and consequently the club rugby pool for adult players is very diluted. There is little to choose from at national level and this has been the reason for Zimbabwe's rugby decline. As with many other sports, over the years, numerous talented young Zimbabwean rugby players have emigrated to play for other nations, mainly South Africa but also Australia, Scotland and other European countries. This trend has continued with players being attracted abroad by better playing and coaching facilities, as well as being pushed by the ever-declining economic climate in their country of origin. The exodus includes some big names, the likes of Ray Mordt, Gary Teichmann, Brian Mujati, Adrian Garvey, Tendai Mtawarira, Bobby Skinstad and Tonderai Chavanga (all to South Africa), David Pocock and Kyle Godwin (all to Australia), Don Armand (to England), David Curtis (to Ireland), Scott Gray, David Denton and Paul Johnstone (all to Scotland), Andy Marinos (to Wales), Takudzwa Ngwenya (to USA), Sebastian Negri (to Italy) and Edmoore Takaendesa and Marcel Coetzee (all to Germany), to name but a few. Many other Zimbabwe-born players are playing at top levels in New Zealand, South Africa, Wales, England, Scotland, Ireland and across Europe. Players called up to Zimbabwe's 2017 Africa Gold Cup squad. Head Coach: Cyprian Mandenge<BR> Assistant Coach: Costa Dinha

Betty Bolton (7 January 1906 – 2 April 2005) was a British actress, beginning as a child star during World War I and continuing her career in the 1920s and 1930s. She was one of the first performers to appear on early British television. Bolton made her debut in 1916, at the age of 10, in a revue called "Some", at the Vaudeville Theatre in London. Gertrude Lawrence was the principal dancer. Bolton's mother Maud was a West End stage manager. 'Betty', as she was originally billed (no surname), played in several revues by Harry Grattan, such as "Odds and Ends" and "Mind Your Backs" during World War I, some of them produced by Andr Charlot, playing precocious children. Photographs from two of these revues, including "Cheep" (1917) and "Back Again" (1919), show her remarkable powers of facial expression. The last show in which she performed as a child was the musical fantasy "Fifinella", in late 1919. Bolton married in 1936 and her career stopped afterwards. She had at least one daughter, Judyth Knight.

Srđan Dragojević (, , born 1 January 1963) is a Serbian film director and screenwriter, who emerged in the 1990s as a significant figure in Serbian cinema. Since 2010, he has been a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia's (SPS) main board. In late August 2013 he became an SPS MP in the Serbian National Assembly. Born to a journalist father who headed a state-owned Belgrade-based newspaper and a French translator mother, Dragojević described himself as "the child of middle-level communist nomenklatura in Serbia". In his early youth, Dragojević played with the punk/new wave band called TV Moroni. He also dabbled in journalism, writing for "Polet" and "Start" magazines. He obtained a degree in clinical psychology from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy. In 1987 he started studying film and TV direction at the University of Arts' Faculty of Dramatic Arts (FDU) under the tutelage of Bajo Šaranović and got another degree. In parallel, Dragojević was active in poetry, publishing a book of poems called "Knjiga akcione poezije" (The Book of Action Poetry) in 1986 and winning Branko's Award for it. By his own admission, much of his poetry was inspired by the 1920s Soviet art and poets like Vladimir Mayakovsky: Dragojević published one more book of poetry "Čika kovač potkiva bebu" in 1988 before devoting to film. He briefly came back to poetry in 1995 as an already established film director to release "Katkad valja pročitati poneku knjigu da ne ispadnete glupi u društvu". Dragojević made his directorial debut at the age of 29 with 1992's "Mi nismo anđeli" whose screenplay he wrote as well. What was essentially his FDU graduate thesis project, an irreverent youth comedy set in Belgrade about a geeky teenage girl who gets impregnated by a local playboy, turned out to be a huge hit in FR Yugoslavia and eventually in the rest of the former Yugoslav countries. With his cinematic profile raised, in 1993, Dragojević was set to begin shooting a campy Almodóvaresque project tentatively titled "Devedesete" (The Nineties) about loyalty, jealousy, infidelity, and intimacy, with the original plan to shoot three separate endings and distribute three versions of the film. However, the financial implosion of the state-owned production studio Avala Film amid galloping inflation in FR Yugoslavia put an end to that project. He was next hired along with Aleksandar Barišić to co-write a star vehicle for turbo-folk star Dragana Mirković that eventually became 1994's widely panned romantic musical comedy "Slatko od snova". Produced by influential Serbian show business manager Raka Đokić whose clients included local top-selling young starlets of the folk music genre, the high-budget film was envisioned as 25-year-old Dragana Mirković's cinematic platform meant to allow her to show herself in different light (more pop dance music less traditional folk) and thus increase her nationwide fame, much like Đokić managed to do for Lepa Brena several years earlier with her "Hajde da se volimo" film that grew into a hugely successful two-sequel money generating franchise. Following the same pattern, Đokić again threw funds at the top people from local cinematography and attracted by his money numerous Serbian film and music industry people (including Dragojević, Branka Katić, Nebojša Bakočević, Rambo Amadeus, etc.) normally completely disassociated from and even ideologically opposed to the commercial folk music milieu flocked to do the film. Still, "Slatko od snova" was a box-office flop, only managing to become a camp guilty pleasure in the years since for its over-the-top excess. The year 1994 also saw Dragojević write and direct a made-for-TV musical comedy "Dva sata kvalitetnog TV programa" ("Two hours of quality TV programming") that aired on RTS television's third channel (3K) as part of their New Year's Eve 1995 programming. During next year, 1995, he directed a couple of episodes of the RTS series "Otvorena vrata" ("The open door"). Four years after his debut Dragojević finally returned to directing feature films, this time completely breaking out of the youth genre to tackle the gruesome issues related to the ongoing Yugoslav Wars with a controversial drama with elements of dark comedy "Lepa sela lepo gore" set in war-torn Bosnia. In addition to critical praise, the movie made a measurable commercial impact with more than 700,000 tickets sold domestically during its theatrical run. It also raised plenty of controversy across Europe over its ideological aspects: while many saw it as a powerful denouncement of war, others viewed it as "fascist cinema". The movie was even refused entry at the 1996 Venice Film Festival in addition to splitting the jury at the 1996 Thessaloniki International Film Festival that ultimately denied it the main prize despite being an overwhelming hit with the festival's audience. In North America, the film received more or less universal critical praise as Dragojević started getting courted by Hollywood almost immediately following the film's notable run on the festival circuit across the continent. He signed with William Morris Agency in late summer 1996 and got flown to Los Angeles where he had meetings with different studio heads. However, deeply dissatisfied with the scripts he was being offered, the director decided to come back home and do another film in Serbia. Therefore, the only tangible result of his brief flirtation with Hollywood on this occasion was the deal with Fox Lorber for the North American limited theatrical and home video distribution of "Lepa sela lepo gore". Back home on the political front, Dragojević supported the 1996-97 anti-government demonstration by speaking at rallies and taking part in protest walks. In 1998 Dragojević gave a bleak and critical portrayal of life in Slobodan Milošević's Serbia in "Rane", which was another critical success for the young director. Loosely based on a true story, its plot tells a tale of two teen criminals growing up together before turning on each other. Released in May 1998 and, like most local productions, funded in large part by state institutions such as the state-run broadcaster RTS, the film elicited a stern response from the government elements that did not appreciate the director's brutal portrayal of Milošević's Serbia. Though they didn't ban the movie outright, they severely impacted its promotional cycle by refusing to run the film's ads in the state-run print and electronic media outlets. During the film's promotion on the festival circuit in North America, Dragojević expressed concern that he wouldn't be allowed to continue making films in Serbia under Milošević. Those fears didn't turn out to be unfounded as his attempts to raise funds for the film adaptation of Dušan Kovačević's 1984 theater play "St. George Slays the Dragon" quickly got shot down. By 1999 Dragojević had enough of Serbia as the realization set in that he wouldn't be allowed to make films the way he wants to. He thus called on his Hollywood connections in order to once again explore his options across the pond and soon opened negotiations with Miramax as he again started to get some interest from America including a January screening of "Rane" at the Sundance Film Festival. In late March 1999, a week after NATO started bombing Serbia, Dragojević boarded a bus to Budapest with his wife and their two kids and went to New York City where he had a scheduled screening of "Rane" organized by the Film Society of Lincoln Center at the Museum of Modern Art as part of its annual 28th New Director's/New Films series. The arrival to the country that's bombing his homeland put him in an odd and uncomfortable position and he acknowledged as much in interviews. He remained in the United States, travelling across the country with "Rane" that had several more festival screenings (including the San Francisco International Film Festival) while simultaneously negotiating terms with Miramax. In July his deal with Miramax was announced, and the family moved to Los Angeles, settling in Laurel Canyon. Dragojević spent the next several years living and working in the United States, dividing his time between LA and New York. He was under the so-called first look deal which obliged him to offer everything he's interested in developing (either his own work or someone else's work whose rights can be bought) to Miramax first and then if Miramax refuses it, he was free to shop it around elsewhere. The deal also functioned in the other direction whereby Miramax would offer him scripts, books, stories or re-make ideas they thought fit his sensibility and he'd have the right of refusal. However, Dragojević experienced major problems persuading the studios to fund his projects, and he also mostly didn't like the ideas being offered to him. The closest he got to finishing a movie was the heist-comedy on whose script he was co-credited with Alan Sereboff - "The Payback All-Star Revue" - that was agreed to be a co-production between Miramax and Mel Gibson's Icon Productions. The announcement was made in November 2000 with Dragojević upbeat about the project he envisioned as a "funny and commercial film containing a unique mix of genres, including Shakespearean subplots and unpredictable structures". The plot revolved around a band of lounge musicians playing in the Riviera casino in Las Vegas who decide to rob the place where they perform. Though they manage to pull off the heist successfully, they run into troubles during the getaway. Now trapped, they agree to give themselves up on the condition that they are granted an interview with a "Rolling Stone" reporter to tell their story. The planned plot featured a multitude of characters with many subplots. However, in the middle of pre-production the movie got canceled in 2001 due to an impending SAG strike threat and the Warner Bros.' announcement of putting "Ocean's 11" remake with an all-star cast into pre-production, which Miramax thought would jeopardize "Payback"'s box-office appeal. Over the following years, by now known for his frank and colourful interviews, Dragojević talked openly about the experience: As mentioned, while in America, there were numerous other projects that he ultimately ended up not getting involved in. Soon upon arriving Dragojević met with Harvey Weinstein who offered him Milčo Mančevski's script "Dust", but Dragojević refused it reasoning that it's a very personal script that can more or less only be directed by Mančevski, and also due to discovering that, as he put it in one interview, "offering me that script was the Weinsteins' little 'fuck you' to Mančevski with whom they were on bad terms at that moment". The studio then offered Dragojević the "Heaven, Hell, Purgatory" trilogy, while they particularly wanted him to direct "Hell", however he vehemently refused, labeling the script "the dumbest thing I've ever read" in another interview. He was interested in filming Patrick Marber's play "Closer" as far back as 1999, but the studio turned him down. They then offered him "Reindeer Games", but he refused figuring something better would come along. He was by his own admission particularly interested in directing either "Frida" or "View from the Top", however in the case of the former, the movie's producer and star Salma Hayek wanted a female director so the job went to Julie Taymor while in the case of the latter, the film's producers as well as its star Gwyneth Paltrow didn't like Dragojević's ironic take on the screenplay and Bruno Barreto got the job instead. He was also in the running for "The Mexican", but the job went to Gore Verbinski. Summing up his Hollywood experience, Dragojević said: By 2001, Dragojević returned to his homeland without having made a film in America. With producer Biljana Prvanović, he founded a production company Delirium Films in 2002. In early 2003 he was announced as having been hired to develop a script for and eventually direct "Beautiful Game", film based on Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical that had already been staged in London's West End. Along with a young American writer, Dragojević came up with an adapted screenplay from Ben Elton's story set in West Belfast during the 1970s about a group of Protestants and Catholics playing on the same football team as sectarian tensions surround them. However, in the end nothing came of it and years later Dragojević revealed in an interview that a row erupted with producers over his desire to remove two of the songs. Around the same time, he also tried to get several projects off the ground such as the post-Holocaust novel "After" by Melvin Jules Bukiet with producer friend Julia Rosenberg as well as a proposed film based on Julian Barnes' 1992 novel "The Porcupine", but was unable to raise funds for either of them. He also had an idea for a film called "1999 Cum in the Rye" that was conceptualized as the final installment of his 1990s trilogy, but it also couldn't raise enough funding. Suddenly, in summer 2004, he decided to make "Mi nismo anđeli 2", the sequel to his greatest commercial hit after reportedly writing the screenplay from scratch in only three weeks. Shot in co-production with Pink International Company and released in early 2005, "Mi nismo anđeli 2" broke box office records in Serbia with 700,000 admission tickets sold despite receiving bad reviews and even accusations of plagiarizing Stan Dragoti's 1989 comedy "She's Out of Control". Dragojević himself on occasion referred to the film as an "open dialogue with the American B-comedy genre from the 1980s". Still, some observers saw his involvement in the project as an attempt at delivering a quick commercial box-office hit that would financially enable the projects he was really interested in making. Dragojević initially shied away from putting it in those terms, but several years later admitted as much explicitly in some interviews. Around the same time Dragojević wrote one of the script drafts for Uroš Stojanović's film "Čarlston za Ognjenku" that he wrote as a "screwball comedy or postmodern Frank Capra", however Stojanović ultimately went into different direction with the film. Right afterward, Dragojević started working on the third installment of the "Mi nismo anđeli" franchise. This resulted in "" that he co-wrote with Dimitrije Vojnov, but left directing duties to Petar Pašić. The approach taken was along the lines of Hollywood cinema - the script was offered to seven directors each of whom had to make a pitch with Pašić chosen in the end. Still, the reviews were even worse than for the previous sequel and the movie was a failure at the box office. Summing up the "Mi nismo anđeli" sequels several years later in 2009, Dragojević said: Dragojević was brought by John Cusack into the project called "Brand Hauser: Stuff Happens", which the Serb was slated to direct. However, the production company Nu Image led by Avi Lerner wanted the script re-written too, a job that also went to Dragojević who in turn brought in Dimitrije Vojnov thus continuing their collaboration. The script that the duo came up with was described by Dragojević as "a modern-day "Dr. Strangelove"". Dragojević then spent three months in Bulgaria preparing the project with his set designer and director of photography, even flying out to Morocco and Kazakhstan where parts of the movie were to be shot. Then weeks before the movie was scheduled to begin shooting, Cusack chimed in from London where he was shooting "1408", voicing his displeasure with Dragojević's and Vojnov's version of the script and demanding a return to the original version co-written by Cusack himself. That spelled the end of Dragojević's involvement on the project as he decided to leave Bulgaria the next day. The movie ended up being shot with the original script and the new title "War, Inc.". The only detail from Dragojević's script re-write that made it into the movie was the billboard for the fictional Democracy Light cigarette brand, which he already used in his movie "Rane". In summer 2007, Dragojević started shooting the historical melodrama "St. George Shoots the Dragon", an ambitious and expensive movie based on Dušan Kovačević's script about a love triangle against the backdrop of Serbian war effort in World War I. Funded in significant part by the governments of Serbia and Republika Srpska, the movie raised a lot of media interest in Serbia. It was by far the biggest movie project Dragojević had ever been a part of. The making of the movie, however, wasn't smooth. From Sergej Trifunović being fired as the lead and replaced with Milutin Milošević to cinematographer Miljen "Kreka" Kljaković walking off the project, the Serbian press detailed many of the on-set problems. In the end, as the film was about to go into theater release in Serbia in mid March 2009 even Dragojević himself admitted personal disappointment with some of the choices he made during shooting of the film in a lengthy interview for "Vreme" magazine. Among other things he said: "I invested so much energy into this film that I started to believe it would become a masterpiece, but it hasn't." In late 2010, Dragan Bjelogrlić's film "Montevideo, Bog te video" that Dragojević co-wrote with Ranko Božić came out to positive reviews and great commercial success. Simultaneously, Dragojević's political engagement in the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), a part of the ruling coalition in Serbia, was announced. In late October 2011, Dragojević's latest film "Parada" premiered. Covering the politically sensitive topic of gay rights in Serbia, the film generated some controversy leading up to the premiere. For his part, Dragojević boldly announced it as "the best film of my career", and soon expanded on the statement: "Saying that was the result of my satisfaction with the fact I succeeded in controlling a very risky thing - to continuously balance between the concepts of 'high comedy' and 'high drama' and to purposely impact the viewer's limbic system, thus manipulating and drawing emotions I deem necessary for every segment of the movie all of which results in the emotional and cognitive reaction I planned". In December 2010 Dragojević's involvement with the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) led by Ivica Dačić had been announced. At the time of Dragojević's joining, SPS was part of the ruling coalition in Serbia that included many parties, but was dominated by the Democratic Party (DS) and its leader Boris Tadić. Considering that SPS was founded and formerly headed by Slobodan Milošević, whom Dragojević had been an outspoken critic of, many in Serbia found this turn of events surprising. Dragojević's answer was that he felt SPS is a different party from the days when Milošević headed it and added that his main motivation to join it was reviving closed cultural centers in small towns across Serbia and that SPS was the only party interested in his plan. In late March 2012 his name was submitted in the 55th spot on the party's electoral 250-person list for the 2012 parliamentary elections. In addition to SPS, the list also included Party of United Pensioners of Serbia (PUPS) and United Serbia (JS). Dragojević took an active part in the campaign, making TV debate show and public rally appearances. The SPS-PUPS-JS list ended up winning 44 parliamentary seats, which meant Dragojević didn't get the deputy (MP) status in the Serbian parliament. However, year and a half later, Dragojević would get the MP status. Following the August 2013 cabinet reshuffle, two SPS MPs — Branko Ružić and Aleksandar Antić — resigned their parliamentary posts due to being given ministerial positions in the prime minister Ivica Dačić's and deputy PM Aleksandar Vučić's reconstructed cabinet. Ružić's and Antić's parliamentary positions were taken over by Milutin Mrkonjić and Srđan Dragojević. In January 2014, Dragojević was criticized by his cinematic collaborator Dragan Bjelogrlić over accepting the parliamentary job: "I wish he hadn't done it. That ambiance doesn't go with him at all. He's greater than all of them. The MP post is not a degrading one per se, but when I think back to Dragojević the punk rocker or back to 1990s when he'd quite brusquely, and often brazenly, say things to people's faces, now he looks like a wild boar that's been tamed and put in the parliamentary cage". Dragojević was married to costume designer and visual artist Tatjana Strugar from 1988 to 2007. They have three kids (daughter Irina, son Matija, and daughter Eva)