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__label__wiki	0.542186	0.542186	Ozzy Osbourne on Black Sabbath: ‘We’re Going To Do One More Album and a Final Tour’ by Graham ‘Gruhamed’ Hartmann September 29, 2014 10:09 AM – LOUDWIRE Big news from Black Sabbath! According to singer Ozzy Osbourne, the band has begun to plot its end, as they plan to head back into the studio in 2015 for one more album before embarking on one final tour. Earlier this year, it was rumored that Black Sabbath’s July 4 gig at London’s Hyde Park would be the band’s last. However, guitarist Tony Iommi gave fans some comforting news when he vowed Black Sabbath would tour again. In a new interview with Metal Hammer, Ozzy Osbourne speaks of Black Sabbath’s ’13′ album and touring cycle. “The whole Sabbath experience this time around was great,” Ozzy begins. “We all made friends, we didn’t f— around, we all knew that we had a job to do, and we did it. It was a lot of fun. So we’re going to do one more album, and a final tour.” Ozzy continues, “Once the dust settled after the last tour we started discussing the idea, because we were getting asked about it all the time. I said to [wife/manager] Sharon, ‘What’s going on? Because if there’s no more Sabbath, I want to get on with my own thing again,’ and she came back and said, ‘Let me look into it.’ Three weeks later, I asked her about it again, and she said, ‘Oh, I still have to talk to so and so…’ and I said ‘Sharon, I ain’t f—ing 21 anymore, if we’re going to do I want to do it before I’m 70!’ Time isn’t on our side! So she made the call and came back and said, ‘Yeah, the record company wants another album.’ I believe [producer] Rick Rubin is going to do it with us again.” [via Blabbermouth] There you have it! Stay tuned for more news on Black Sabbath’s upcoming studio album and “final tour.” Read More: Ozzy Osbourne: We’re Going to Do One Album and a Final Tour \| http://loudwire.com/ozzy-osbourne-black-sabbath-one-more-album-final-tour/?utm_source=sailthru&utm_medium=referral&trackback=tsmclip September 30, 2014 Post Under 5 O'Clock ROCK - Citeşte tot articolul « New Reports: AC/DC’s Malcolm Young Suffered a Stroke and Now Has Severe Dementia by Spencer Kaufman September 26, 2014 9:19 AM – LOUDWIRE RTMFest 2014 »	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line0
__label__cc	0.697222	0.302778	Bike to Work Week tips from the author of 'Big Book of Bicycling' By Tom Held of the Journal Sentinel It takes a good deal of pedaling, and editing, to bridge the gap between bicyclists who ride to the store for eggs and the Ironman triathletes who rides 100 miles and more on a Saturday morning. The Big Book of Bicycling attempts to cover that ground with a comprehensive guide compiled from five years of stories from the magazine. Emily Furia, a senior editor for Bicycling Magazine, tackled the task of winnowing the material and earned the author credits for her effort. Emily Furia An All-American runner in college, Furia added biking and triathlons to her pursuits while working for the Rodale Inc. publication in the Lehigh Valley. This interview with Furia serves as a timely primer at the start of Bike to Work Week in Milwaukee. Gearing up: First thing is make sure that your bike is in good working order. Give the brakes a squeeze while you turn the wheels. Get it in to the shop as early as possible, to avoid the wait. We tell people to do the tuneup in late winter or early spring. I’d like to reiterate that you don’t need anything fancy to start riding to work. You do need a lock. If your employer doesn’t provide space for bikes, it doesn’t hurt to ask. We’ve run stories on people who have started commute clubs and things at your offices. If you can get more people riding to work, you can get bargaining power. Studies show that people who are fitter have lower health-insurance premiums, and they take fewer sick days, too. And if they’re going to be commuting at night – a white light in front and the red blinky in back. People here have different philosophies – panniers, backpack. Some sort of carrier, whatever best fits your needs. Ease into it: "If you’re just starting out, try to work up the nerve to ride for errands more. I recommend they start out going someplace fun, just a few miles away, and if it’s less than two to three miles, you might get there quicker on a bike. Start small with short trips like that, and as you gain confidence you can make longer trips. Riding by yourself can be soothing, but reach out to a local cycling club or join a group. The best way to learn is to ride with a group of people who are like-minded.” The future of cycling: "What I hope to see is more people using bikes for transportation. I think what we’re starting to see with city riding, there’s a cool factor associated with it right now. More companies are coming out with clothing for people who don’t want to walk around in full kit. You don’t really need special clothes to ride a bike for every ride. We’re seeing more clothes for walking around downtown, then riding home. I think the growth of city riding and transportation and if gas prices continue to go up, we’ll see more of that. I’d like to see women numbers going up, in racing, and in regular riding. More women feeling comfortable riding to work and around town. Attracting women: Last year, we did a round-table discussion and podcast with some women who work in various segments of the bike industry. They’re trying to reach more women as well, whether it’s promoting races or selling bikes and clothing. It comes down to the women who are already racing or active, reaching out to other women. Women tend to be very social about cycling. Shops will host ladies nights or ladies rides. I think a lot of it will come from female cyclists reaching out to other female cyclists.” Getting around the barriers: "If people take the time to realize they have the right to the road and they ride like they drive a car. The bike isn’t a toy for the sidewalk. Infrastructure improvements will go a long way to make people feel safe. People don’t realize how simple it can be. You don’t need a special bike, and the best bike for your commute might be sitting in your garage right now. Realize that it doesn’t have to be all or nothing. You can ride once or twice a week. You can bring a week’s worth of work clothes. You can drive part way and ride the rest of the way. On the book: My first take-away is that we had given a lot of tips in the last five years. It was hard for me to decide what to include, because there was a lot of good advice in there. I also wanted to make sure all the subcultures were being addressed. Cycling means so many things to so many people. I think in the end we accomplished that. Cycling is a fun sport. We should have fun with that.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line1
__label__wiki	0.891424	0.891424	Ones To Watch: Portsmouth v Plymouth Argyle Home » Matches » Ones To Watch: Portsmouth v Plymouth Argyle by Nick Saunders Smith \| Nov 24, 2017 \| Matches \| 0 comments A name that might not be that familiar with most Argyle fans, Jamal Lowe joined Portsmouth last season from Hampton and Richmond Borough and immediately established himself as a fan favourite, injecting more speed into what was perceived to be a slow front three, despite failing to hold down a starting spot as they snatched the title. With Jackett taking over from Cook, Pompey’s approach has become less technical and more physical which has enabled Lowe to claim a starting spot within the team and become one of Pompey’s key players this season. Only Christian Burgess and Luke McGee have played more minutes than the winger, who has amassed four goals and three assists in all competitions. Only Brett Pitman has been involved in more goals for Pompey this season Lowe is a more traditional winger who thrives off his physical attributes: he’s strong, quick and direct. Combining with the likely captain-on-the-day Gareth Evans, he will look to get himself involved from the early stages and establish himself as a threat to Argyle’s defence. As he pushed forward, he’ll create more room for Evans to support him on the right and will probably give Argyle a tough time down that side. Stat: Lowe has faced Argyle twice before and is yet to be on the winning side. The winger came off the bench for the last 10 minutes of the draw at Fratton Park last season, and at a similar time for Barnet back in 2012 in a 4-1 win for Argyle at Underhill. Matty Kennedy Kennedy should remain in every Argyle fan’s mind following a productive stint at Home Park last season, playing a key role as they made it over the line by providing five goals and three assists from the left wing. A return this season never looked on the cards after Argyle signed up a series of wingers early in the summer, but his deadline day move to Portsmouth left some fans at Home Park a little disappointed. Six of Kennedy’s seven goals over the last two seasons have come against sides in the bottom five of their league Kennedy has started well for Pompey, making the left wing spot his own early on. He scored the winner at Gillingham live on Sky and recently provided the game changing impetus to turn a draw into a win against Southend. In total he’s been invovled in seven goals since his move to Fratton Park. Though still fond of cutting inside, he’s continued to develop his game after his successful loan spell at PL2 and has proved to be a reliable operator on the left wing by holding his width and learning to resist the temptation to come inside with such frequency. Pompey have struggled to replace their star left-back Enda Stevens since his switch to Sheffield United this summer – with Dion Donoghue, Tareiq Holmes-Dennis, Damien McCrory, Brandon Haunstrup and Matt Clark all lining up in the position this season – so it is unlikely that they will prove quite as dangerous on the left as the right. Despite this, Kennedy has the acceleration and agility to cause problems for any full-back in this league, though he might not find it as easy to cut inside the left-footed Sawyer, as opposed to his usual right-footed opponents. It remains unlikely that Brett Pitman, Portsmouth’s leading goal scorer this season, will participate this weekend having missed their midweek defeat to Peterborough with a hamstring injury; Jackett confirmed on Thursday that Pitman would miss the game, but the striker has since said he believes he will be fit to play. Should he miss it, Pompey’s attack would be seriously weakened given that the 29-year-old has netted half of Pompey’s league goals this season, with the side sometimes appearing blunt in his absence. With that possibility a likelihood, and Oliver Hawkins now converted from a striker into a centre-back, the two men who could fill Pitman’s boots are Curtis Main and Conor Chaplin. Main led the line for Portsmouth in midweek, but was replaced by Chaplin (who has played twice as many minutes this season) in the second half, with the youngster going on to score his third league goal of the season. The Pompey academy graduate has found starts hard to come by this season, with his appearances mainly coming off the bench, but he has still showed his usual eye for goal and is likely to cause problems if used on Saturday. On average, Chaplin has scored a league goal every 157 minutes, and has scored 22 goals despite starting only 32 matches in his career Standing at only 5ft8, Chaplin lacks the physical presence that Pitman, Main or Hawkins could provide, but his predatory instincts in the box combined with his quick feet make him a tricky player to handle. He has already scored some outstanding goals in his short career and, quite frankly, it’s surprising that he hasn’t been poached by a higher division club willing to give him even more game time. His technical ability fitted more naturally with Paul Cook’s style of play, that does not mean he cannot be a success in Jackett’s team. Even if he doesn’t start on Saturday, expect him to cause problems no matter the scoreline should he inevitably come off the bench. Stat: Brett Pitman has played in every tier of the football league during his career, but to this point he has not played a competitive fixture against Argyle. Chaplin meanwhile, has already racked up four appearances against Argyle, scoring in last season’s draw at Home Park, but has yet to be on the winning side. http://argyle.life - The Alternative Plymouth Argyle Voice	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line3
__label__cc	0.685543	0.314457	February 28-March 23, 2014 Jonpaul Smith mixed media constructions Opening Reception for the Artists Fourth Friday, February 28, 2014 7:00-10:00 pm Smith is inspired by the complex relationships of systems and patterns that control and dictate the world in which we live. He approaches his woven and constructed paper pieces from a variety of perspectives but common to all are the processes of disassembly and reassembly. His materials can be his original traditional and non-traditional prints, gouache paintings, smoke transfers, and the packaging of everyday household items. No matter what material he chooses, the process begins with cutting the materials into strips of various sizes, then painstakingly overlapping or weaving them into meticulous, intricate compositions. His complex, tapestry-like constructs, make use of (and, in a sense, refine) pop culture imagery. Smith received his M.F.A. and Graduate Certificate in Museum Studies from the University of Cincinnati. His B.A. is from Hanover College in Indiana and he also studied fine arts at the University of Wollongong in Australia. Smith frequently conducts visiting artist seminars, has received numerous grant awards and scholarships, and completed a residency and exhibition in Budapest, Hungary and Paducah, Kentucky. The artist has exhibited in California, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Florida, Georgia, New York, New Jersey, Missouri, Virginia, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, South Carolina, Australia, Canada, England, France, Spain, Budapest-Hungary, Kyoto-Japan, Penang-Malaysia and Sofia-Bulgaria along with other venues. He has been featured in many prominent solo exhibitions, and was selected for the 2006 "New American Paintings Juried Exhibition-in-Print," No. 65 along with their 15th anniversary issue. Collections include University of Cincinnati; Purdue University Print Archive; Avalere Health; Kyoto International Woodprint Association; Universiti Sains Malaysia print archive; Art-O-Mat; Hungarian Multicultural Center; Knowledgeworks Art Collection; Hanover College; Language Logic; U.S. State Department; M. L. Greiner, among others. www.jonpaulcsmith.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line5
__label__cc	0.530699	0.469301	Book Review: Wild by Cheryl Strayed When I opened up the first page of Cheryl Strayed's enthralling Wild, I was disappointed. The book was supposed to be the memoir of a woman who hiked the Pacific Crest Trail in the mid-nineties; but on the map at the beginning it only showed that she hiked part of the trail. She hiked a bit low down in California, a bit high in California and then all of Oregon. My first thought was, why should I read a book about someone who only hiked part of the PCT. Over the years I've met a lot of people who have trekked from Mexico to Canada on the Pacific Crest Trail. Indeed, we have employed at least four guides since I've been here who have made the journey. The trail's length and the endurance it takes to hike it are things to be admired. The trail stretches 2,663 miles and most people take five months to hike it. Strayed walked 1,100 miles on a 100-day expedition, which is nothing to scoff at. But what I found truly engaging about Wild was not the adventure travel narrative. Instead it was the journey within the journey. As such, it didn't matter that she hadn't hiked the whole trail. That's not what the book was about. Cheryl (it's hard to refer to her with her last name after reading such an intimate book) started the trek in an extremely dark place. She had hit the absolute rock bottom in self-destructive behavior. Her mother had recently died, which resulted in a profound grief that ruined her youthful marriage and lead her down a dark rabbit-hole of one-night stands and drug abuse. She knew that she needed a change. She needed to find a way to deal with her grief while building herself back up; so with little knowledge of wilderness travel, she decided to hike a large portion of the Pacific Crest Trail. The young woman didn't really understand what she was getting herself into. She had never been backpacking before and she had no idea how to pack her pack or how to select boots for the trip, or even how to light her stove. Hamburger feet. A massive pack she could barely lift nicknamed, Monster. Painful calluses on her hips from her waist-belt. An irrational fear of animals. Dangerous dehydration. And minor epics too numerous to count. Often times Cheryl's ignorance is funny. And sometimes it's a little bit scary. But it's always entertaining. We've seen this comic novice backpacker part before though. Bill Bryson's A Walk in the Woods covers much of the same ground on a different trail. His book deals with his own comic ignorance on the Appalachian Trail. And while this aspect of Wild is entertaining, it's not the heart of the book. No, the heart comes from a deep place where nature helps to heal the emotional wounds that we suffer in this life. This core of the memoir is what removes Wild from the standard aventure narrative and elevates it to the highest level of outdoor literature. Cheryl writes eloquently about the history of the trail and about the people who helped it come into being. These include proponents like Catherine Montgomery in 1926, Clinton Clark, who took up the cause in 1938, and then Warren Rogers who saw the trail dedicated in 1968. In the following passage, she writes about how these people understood what nature means to the human soul. It didn't matter that everything from my cheap knock-off sandals to my high-tech-by-1995-standard boots and backpack would have been foreign to them (the trail's founders), because what mattered was utterly timeless. It was the thing that compelled them to fight for the trail against all odds, and it was the thing that drove me and every other long distance hiker onward on the most miserable days. It had nothing to do with gear or footwear or backpacking fads or philosophies of any particular era or even getting from point A to point B. It had only to do with how it felt to be in the wild. With what it was like to walk for miles for no reason other than to witness the accumulation of trees and meadows, mountains and deserts, streams and rocks, rivers and grasses, sunrises and sunsets. The experience was powerful and fundamental. It seemed to me that it had always felt like this to be a human in the wild, and as long as the wild existed it would always feel that way. That's what Montgomery knew, I supposed. And what Clarke knew and Rogers and what thousands of people who preceded and followed them knew. It was what I knew before I even really did, before I could have known how truly hard and glorious the PCT would be, how profoundly the trail would both shatter and shelter me. There are dozens of beautiful and heartbreaking moments in Wild. We cry for Cheryl's mother. We cry for Cheryl's ex-husband who tries to deal with her grief, but can't handle it when the grief turns to adultery. We cry for a horse that has to be put down and is done so sloppily. We cry for Cheryl's drug abuse. And finally we cry for Cheryl... We want her to survive, not just the trail, but her grief. We want her to learn what she needs to learn from the wilderness, and we want her to bring her knowledge back with her. I often found myself both angered with and enamored by Cheryl. From a technical perspective, it drove me nuts that she hiked over a thousand miles and never figured out how to take care of her feet, or really pare down on her backpack. From a personal perspective, it drove me nuts that she was attracted to a guy that brought her into a dangerous drug culture. And it drove me nuts that she treated her ex-husband -- whom she truly loved -- so poorly. But on the other hand, I found myself falling in love with her as she came to terms with her mother's death and with her personal quest to find value in herself and in her life through self-imposed wilderness therapy. I went into the women's restroom. As I brushed my teeth before a flourescently lit mirror above a bank of sinks, a woman said, "I like your feather," and pointed to it on my pack. "Thanks," I said, our eyes meeting in the mirror. She was pale and brown-eyed with a bumpy nose and a long braid down her back; dressed in a tie-dyed T-shirt and a pair of patched up cutoff jeans and Birkenstock sandals. "My friend gave it to me," I mumbled as toothpaste dribbled out of my mouth. It seemed like forever since I'd talked to a woman. "It's got to be a corvid," she said, reaching over to touch it delicately with one finger. "It's either a raven or a crow, a symbol of the void," she added, in a mystical tone. "The void?" I'd asked, crestfallen. "It's a good thing," she said. "It's the place where things are born, where they begin. Think about how a black hole absorbs energy and then releases it as something new and alive." The wilderness is the void, and the adventures that we take there are what shape us. This is implied throughout the cannon of outdoor literature; but few books take us simultaneously so deeply into the crucible of the backcountry as well as into that of the human heart. Wild is a funny, adventurous and heart-wrenching tale that reminds us of something that we already know. That wilderness and our adventures there can heal us and give us hope. Climbing Events April & May 2013 The Back-Up Belay Climbing Events March & April 2013 One Day Ski Of Mt. Baker POV Falls in Scotland and Europe Climbing Events: March & April 2013 Ian McEleney Completes Palisade Traverse in Winter Jummaring a Fixed Line Bad Skiing Forecast? Good Climbing. Hot Rappel Devices and Your Rope	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line14
__label__cc	0.614318	0.385682	The Light from the TV Shows: A Chat with Gary Lockwood (“The Lieutenant,” “Star Trek”) Your frame of reference to the name “Gary Lockwood” depends heavily on what genres of TV and movies you tend to favor. For instance, if you’re a sci-fi guy like myself, then your instant reaction to hearing his name is either to think of “2001: A Space Odyssey” or, if you’re really geeky (and – shocker! – I am), to his lone episode of the original “Star Trek” series, where he played Gary Mitchell, Jim Kirk’s Starfleet Academy pal who failed to remember that with great power comes great responsibility and suffered the consequences. That one-off “Trek” appearance was actually Lockwood’s second time working with Gene Roddenberry, however, the first time having taken place a few years earlier when Lockwood starred in the short-lived series “The Lieutenant,” which has just been released on DVD by Warner Archive. Lockwood took a few minutes to chat with Bullz-Eye about his work with Roddenberry on both series, and he also touched on occasions in his career when he crossed paths with the likes of Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, Henry Fonda and Jimmy Stewart, and Elvis Presley. Bullz-Eye: “The Lieutenant” wasn’t the last time you worked with Gene Roddenberry, but was it the first time you crossed paths with him? Gary Lockwood: Yes, it was. They talked to me about doing this show, and Roddenberry was sitting there with the head of television at MGM, and that’s how I met him. BE: That was your first time headlining a series, although, you’d at least had a little experience as a recurring character on “Follow the Sun.” GL: Yeah, well, I was the third banana on “Follow the Sun,” but I ended up doing the most shows. It’s hard to talk about yourself, but…it’s not that difficult. [Laughs.] What I mean to say is that the audience ended up liking my character, so I did most of the episodes of the show. BE: There’s a quote attributed to you about how being the star of a series is like being a jet pilot: you’ve got a lot of experts working behind the scenes to get the jet running, and then the pilot sits in the cockpit and makes it work. GL: Yeah, at which point you either live or die. [Laughs.] You get the spoils, but you also get the losses. The reason I kind of make a joke about jet pilots is that you go to work and you don’t do anything, you just sit there in a chair and drink coffee and look at girls. And then they call you, and go over and fly in front of a camera for awhile, and then you sit down for awhile while everyone else does all the work. So I kind of thought it was a little bit like being a jet pilot. BE: When you think back to the character of Lt. Bill Rice, what’s the first thing that leaps to mind? GL: Well, I just played him. I mean, I was just an actor. Bill Rice is not somebody I would ever be or… [Trails off.] They did ask me once if I wanted to go to Annapolis, but I was a bit too much of a rogue for that kind of life. One of my best friends did go to Annapolis, but he resigned after about a year. He didn’t like the regiment. So it takes a certain kind of guy. It was very difficult for me to consider. I wouldn’t say I wanted to be like Bill Rice, but acting is all making believe, so you create a character and you just go there and play him. I think I’ve done that with every job I’ve ever had. Tags: 2001: A Space Odyssey, Antonio Isasi, Arthur C. Clarke, Bert Gordon, Elia Kazan, Elke Sommer, Elvis Presley, Firecreek, Frank Poole, Gary Lockwood, Gary Mitchell, Gene Roddenberry, Henry Fonda, It Happened at the World's Fair, Jack Elam, Jackie Gleason, Jimmy Stewart, Lt. Bill Rice, Splendor in the Grass, Stanley Kubrick, Star Trek, The Lieutenant, The Light from the TV Shows, The Magic Sword, Vietnam War, Wild in the Country, Will Harris	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line15
__label__wiki	0.699358	0.699358	La sécurité automobile est votre première priorité Trump denies Russian income despite letter showing $100 million from Russian sources Trump 'ready to resolve North Korea issue one way or another' Pilot ejects from jet on U.S. aircraft carrier headed to Korea North Korea Decides Against Starting World War III, At Least Today UK: Royal Navy escorting 2 Russian warships through Channel Pak court hands down death sentence to Kulbhushan Jadhav for spying La France passe la barre des 70.000 morts — Coronavirus La Russie menace de prison l'opposant Alexeï Navalny s'il revient en Russie Le bilan de la pandémie dépasse les deux millions de morts Bannir Trump de Twitter crée un précédent "dangereux" — Jack Dorsey PLUS DE NOUVELLES CATÉGORIES CE Wales hold group leaders Serbia to World Cup qualifying draw A campaign was then started to get people to donate blood to help him. For it was on June 11 past year that Wales beat Slovakia 2-1 in their Euro 2016 opene... 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Trump reacts on Twitter after special counsel reportedly starts investigating him Citing officials familiar with the move, the Post notes how the widening of the federal probe to include the president's conduct "marks a major turning point i... Theresa May orders public inquiry into tragic London tower blaze The number of confirmed fatalities from Wednesday's inferno in a West London residential block is now 17, British police have said. There has been speculation... Kochi Metro: E Sreedharan to be included in inauguration by Narendra Modi The port city of Kochi in southern India's progressive Kerala state thanked almost 800 migrant workers for their labor in the newly constructed metro rail with ... US Toughens Stance on Russian Gas as Engie Defends New Pipe In this Wednesday June 14, 2017 photo German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel speaks during a press conference at the ministry of foreign affairs in Berlin, Ge... 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Merkel Expects UK to Stick to Brexit Timetable Yet three days on the prime minister is still struggling to scramble a coalition deal together. The leader of Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Part... Britain's Hammond to push for United Kingdom to stay in EU customs union The newspaper reported he believes government must rethink its plan to pursue an independent trade policy outside the customs union. Former prime minister D... Joe Scarborough: Donald Trump Never Discussed Firing Robert Mueller as Special Counsel If Trump instructs Rosenstein to dump Mueller, it would evoke memories of 1973, when the two top Justice Department officials, Elliott Richardson and Bill Rucke... Australian TV journalist Adam Harvey hit by bullet in Philippines city The politician also said that starvation has led residents to eat cardboard boxes. Harvey was wounded while reporting on the continuing battle between Islami... Sinn Féin protests to Theresa May over Tory-DUP link The DUP is understood to be close to agreeing to its ten MPs supporting Mrs May's minority government on a "confidence and supply basis". The Prime Minister w... Bernie Sanders Condemns Alexandria Shooter Who Volunteered on His Campaign In both parties, people who were highly engaged with politics were more likely to hold this view. After visiting Scalise Wednesday evening at MedStar Washing... Sanders, 'Sickened,' Says GOP Gunman Worked on Campaign Hodgkinson of Belleville, Illinois . Scalise remained in critical condition early Thursday morning, according to officials at MedStar Washington Hospi... US lawmakers back at work after shooting, congressman still hospitalized Rep. Steve Scalise , one of the truly great people, is in very tough shape - but he is a real fighter". President Donald Trump made a surprise visit to ... London Police Launch Criminal Probe Into Fire The fire cast aside May's talks with Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party to secure the votes of its 10 House of Commons lawmakers to back her program... Sénégal : Khalifa Sall passe 100 jours en prison, ses avocats en colère En effet, avec l'investiture du Maire de Dakar, Khalifa Sall, l'histoire est entrain de se répéter au Ps où ce n'est pas la première fois qu'on détenu soit inve... London fire death toll rises as calls for accountability grow louder Former prime minister David Cameron on Wednesday tweeted his "horror" at the "terrible fire in my local neighbourhood". As the smoke continued to billow fro... Castile jury ends 4th day without verdict Paul. Officer Jeronimo (yeh-RON'-ih-moh) Yanez shot 32-year-old cafeteria worker Philando Castile during a traffic stop in a St. Paul suburb last July 6. Th... IPad Pro 10.5 teardown reveals a bigger battery Well, you don't claim that you have something "more powerful than most PC laptops" if you can't back it up, right? The new 2017 10.5-inch and 12.9-inch iPa... Body found in Lake Ontario identified as previous Niagara Falls jumper As authorities tried to piece the story together of what had happened in 2003, a friend from MI recalled that Jones was confident that if he performed such a st... 61% des Français veulent corriger le résultat au second tour — Législatives La République En Marche qui déjà crédité d'une majorité parlementaire (249 à 286 sièges selon une enquête Opinionway) avant l'élection de Macron au second tour ... Adele Pays Emotional Visit to London's Grenfell Tower After Deadly Apartment Fire In 2009, six people died in an inferno in Camberwell, London; while two firefighters were killed in 2011 as they tackled a burning apartment building in South... 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Musician Akala: People died in London fire 'because they were poor' Some residents threw a baby and other children out the window to escape the flames. The tragedy has prompted a review of conditions and safety precautions at ... 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le ministre de la Sécurité intérieure Chad Wolf démissionne Pourquoi la couverture de Vogue avec Kamala Harris fait polémique La Deutsche Bank prend ses distances avec Trump — USA Donald Trump : Youtube le sanctionne à son tour après Facebook et Twitter Trump n'assistera pas à la cérémonie d'investiture de Biden — Etats-Unis Coronavirus: il n'y aura pas d'immunité collective en 2021, selon l'OMS Première exécution fédérale d'une femme en près de 70 ans — États-Unis De nouvelles interpellations de suspects à Rouen SUIVRE NOTRE JOURNAL AUTRES NOUVELLES Dans une note publiée sur le site officiel, le développeur entend se... 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__label__cc	0.691672	0.308328	Interview Index (A-Z) 30 Days Out: Asheville Music More/About Annual Best-of’s Hometown Writing NewCity Music Home » interview » (Everybody’s) Talkin’ About Harry Nilsson, Part 2 Posted in interview By Bill Kopp On June 16, 2011 (Everybody’s) Talkin’ About Harry Nilsson, Part 2 In fall 2010 fall the film documentary Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why is Everybody Talkin’ About Him)? premiered in selected cities. The film came out on DVD around the holidays, with a great deal of bonus material added. I got a chance to have a wide-ranging conversation with John Scheinfeld, the writer/director of the film. Continuing from Part One, here’s Part Two. Bill Kopp: Watching all the interview clips that hold the film together, I’m impressed at how well they form the narrative and move the story along. John Scheinfeld: The best way for me to describe it is this: If you go back to a birthday or a holiday when you were a kid, one of your relatives gave you a jigsaw puzzle. You opened up the box, and dumped out hundreds or thousands of pieces. And over a period of time — a week, a month, whatever — you fit the pieces together and they formed a pretty picture. The thing is, in a jigsaw puzzle, those pieces only fit together one way. What I do, the pieces are sound bites, interviews, photographs, film clips, music. All of those things are the pieces with which I work. But I could fit those pieces together ten different ways. Fifty ways, a hundred ways. And how those pieces are fit together are what makes a film good, bad or ugly. So if you come out of a theatre, and you say, “I did not like that movie!” then they didn’t fit the pieces together properly, and in a way that resonated with you on some level. My goal is to put the pieces together in a way that (a) tells a story, (b) does so in a compelling and entertaining way and (c) looks like I spent no time whatsoever putting it together. Because then it has an effortless quality to it. Viewers won’t watch and ask, “Why did they do such-and-such?” They’ll just be into the story. That kind of flow is important to have in any kind of film. BK: Successful filmmaking is the kind that doesn’t call attention to itself. JS: Exactly. That’s how I approach an interview, too. I’ve seen a lot of interviewers who like to show how smart they are; they start debating things. When I do an interview, I know their time is precious. I ask the question and then get the heck out of the way and let ‘em talk. For a minute, five minutes; it doesn’t matter. What happens very often — as you know — very often someone will say something that you maybe hadn’t figured on. And to be able to say, “Forget my list of questions; tell me about that” is a great thing. And in Who is Harry Nilsson and in my previous film The U.S. vs. John Lennon, that happened all the time. BK: The list of contributing appearances is long and pretty exhaustive. Other than people who have passed on, like John Lennon, Keith Moon and Harry himself, you seem to have included anyone who’d come to mind when thinking of Harry. Were there people whom you wanted to include but that didn’t appear for one or another reason? JS: Yes. Ringo. You sort of feel like he’s in the film, because he is [via archival clips]. But we were not able to get a sit-down interview with him. That said, he and his people were very, very helpful to us providing audiovisual material, name-and-likeness, and giving us permission to use as much as we wanted from that great movie Son of Dracula. That had sat in Ringo’s vault since 1974. But he said, “Sure. Go ahead.” Where the interview process came into it, we tried four different ways to get him, and what came back to us each time was that it was just too emotional for him. He doesn’t like talking in public about three people: John, George Harrison, and Harry. And so at the end of the day, we felt that we had to be very respectful of that. But he was great in so many other ways. And with everybody else it was easy: “Yeah, we’d love to do that.” So we pretty much got everybody we wanted. BK: I was ten when Son of Dracula came out in theatres. So my memories aren’t super-vivid. But for one reason or another – mostly likely Ringo’s involvement – I actually paid to see the film. JS: So you’re the one! [laughs] Not many people saw it. BK: That, as I understand, is something precious few people can claim, having seen the movie. JS: Where did you see it? BK: Atlanta, Georgia. JS: That’s what I was going to guess. Because it only screened in three places. They did a big opening in Atlanta; Harry was there, Ringo was there. There are a couple of photographs from it in the film. Then they showed it in New York and London, and Ringo said, “That’s it.” And it never had a proper theatrical run. So you saw a very rare thing. BK: It must have screened for a few days, because Harry and Ringo were not there when I saw it. Over the years, I’ve mentioned this to a few people, and gotten blank stares. Nobody’s heard of it: “There’s no such movie like that!” In a lot of ways Son of Dracula seemed like a tangent in Harry’s career, more of an excuse to hang out with pals – like the Pussy Cats album with John — than to create some sort of enduring art. Is that your impression of the project or do you think there was more at work? JS: I think it was that Ringo had an idea, Harry thought that would be fun – fun being the operative word – and they did it. Ringo found the money; I don’t know where the money really came from. There nominally was a director on it, but I think it was a bit of…hmm. Micky Dolenz talks about it; there was a lot of partying going on. I don’t think Harry had any desire to be an actor; I don’t think that was in his skill set. Ringo, on the other hand, has proven that he has some talent as an actor. BK: Ringo had done the Marc Bolan film project [Born to Boogie]; that was probably only about a year or so before this. JS: Like Pussy Cats – and I think you’re right about that — sometimes when you’re a success as an artist or performer, something will come along where you get to work with the people that you love. And I think Son of Dracula was one of those projects. BK: One of the things I saw in the film and was surprised and thrilled to see – was the Smothers Brothers talking on-the-record about the infamous Troubador incident. JS: It is an incident in Harry’s and John’s life that keeps getting written about all the time. It seems to have become one of the more scandalous moments in rock history. So I thought it was important to take a look at what really happened that night. For example, there are a number of accounts I’ve read that actually confuse two nights and two incidents; it all sort of becomes one. It also says a lot about what was going on with Harry and John at that time. There was a lot of craziness going on. But again, I wanted to go where the truth took me. So, May Pang, who was John’s girlfriend at the time: she was there. Van Dyke Parks: he was there. But better than that [laughs] let’s get the guys who were onstage getting heckled! And what’s so fascinating to me about that, is that it’s thirty-something years later, and Dick is still pissed about what they did that night! And Tommy – partly because Harry and John were his friends – he can look back on it and say, “Well, that was those guys.” Would he have chosen a different outcome for the evening? Yeah. More to the point — and this is very important to me when I’m making a documentary film – my goal is to find the most rare and most appropriate audiovisual material available to tell the story. So in this case, not just generic shots of the Smothers Brothers, John and Harry. I found — after some looking — actual photographs taken at the Troubador that night. BK: There’s a particular iconic shot, the one of Harry and John being thrown out. I’ve seen that one over and over again. And you didn’t use it. JS: I try not to use the photos that everyone’s seen. I prefer to dig a little deeper. In Who is Harry Nilsson we have all kinds of rare photos and footage. We were granted generously by Sony access to their vault, so we have lots of photos of Harry in the studio, shots that have never been seen before. We have home movies from Micky Dolenz and Chip Douglas, and the family had material. All of this combines with the great story to really keep the audience engaged. Harry did precious little television, so I needed all of it to illustrate things, to show him in performance. And there’s a clip in the film from Playboy After Dark. BK: I recognized the set. Because I have bootlegs of a lot of those Playboy After Dark performances. JS: Yeah. Hef’s always smoking a pipe, and Norm Crosby seems to always be there. Anyway, I called up Playboy Enterprises, and explained who we are and what we’re doing. I said that we wanted to license the performances. And I dealt with this woman with a real attitude. She said, “Even if we would license you this material, it’s gonna cost you $12,000-$13,000 a minute. And you can’t afford that. So you may as well forget it.” And I’m the wrong person to say that to. When I’m making a film, I can be…nice, but I can be relentless. I am also known in my circle for writing very passionate letters. So I wrote a Very Passionate Letter to Mr. Hefner, who I did not know. We Fedex’d it to the mansion. About three days later we got a call from his number two person out here. “Hef got your letter. He thought Harry was a great artist. He loves his music. You can have whatever you want. No charge.” Follow “the_musoscribe” on Twitter and get notified when new features, reviews and essays are published. Bill Kopp With a background in marketing and advertising, Bill Kopp got his professional start writing for Trouser Press. After a stint as Editor-in-chief for a national music magazine, Bill launched Musoscribe in 2009, and has published new content every business day since then (and every single day since 2018). The interviews, essays, and reviews on Musoscribe reflect Bill's keen interest in American musical forms, most notably rock, jazz, and soul. His work features a special emphasis on reissues and vinyl. Bill's work also appears in many other outlets both online and in print. He also researches and authors liner notes for album reissues -- more than 30 to date -- and co-produced a reissue of jazz legend Julian "Cannonball" Adderley's final album. His first book, Reinventing Pink Floyd was published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2018, and in paperback in 2019. His second book, Disturbing the Peace: 415 Records and the Rise of New Wave, will be published in 2021 by HoZac Books. Coming in 2021 from HoZac Books: Disturbing the Peace: 415 Records and the Rise of New Wave Learn more about Bill Kopp’s Reinventing Pink Floyd Album Review: Bobby Rush – Rawer Than Raw 30 Days Out, January 2021 #2: Travis Book Happy Hour, Sons of Ralph, Page Brothers, The Harrows Bonus Interview: Kevin Godley on ‘Consequences’ and the Gizmotron Kevin Godley: The Consequences of Remote Collaboration (Part 2 of 2) Archives Select Month January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 November 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 Tweets by @the_musoscribe 60s Today Big Plans for Everybody Joe Bonomo Bucketful of Brains Digital Meltd0wn Gary Pig Gold's Blog Off Your Radar PowerPop (Steve Simels) Powerpopaholic Powerpopulist Prog Archives Pulmyears (Paul Myers) The Day After the Sabbath PLEASE NOTE: I welcome comments; I really do. But the site was getting hammered by sleazy comment-spammers, so I've had to disable the commenting feature. My apologies. Feel free to email me (my-first-name at musoscribe dot com) with feedback, though. Or, hey: why not just use my online form. © Bill Kopp and Musoscribe.com, 1996-. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this blog’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Bill Kopp and Musoscribe.com with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Musoscribe: Bill Kopp's Music Magazine Copyright © 2021.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line24
__label__wiki	0.860139	0.860139	BPA Announces Wholesale Rate Hike, Hermiston Spared Hermiston Herald, July 28, 2011 The Bonneville Power Administration announced this week that BPA's wholesale power rates will go up 7.8 percent, a move prompted by needed improvements to the region's 31 federal dams and lone nuclear power facility. The rate increase will affect the City of Hermiston, but not the city's residents, according to Ed Brookshier, Hermiston's city manager. "We were expecting a rate increase," Brookshier said, stating the city included those added expenditures in the 2011-2012 budget. "It will somewhat diminish our reserves. We are not passing that on to the consumer." The added power cost will be offset by the conclusion of Residential Exchange Program negotiations, recently signed off on by BPA. The new agreement will ensure long-term stability for both investor-owned and publicly owned utilities. "That's put to bed now, thank goodness," said Russ Dorran, superintendent of Hermiston's energy services, alluding to the string of litigations and negotiations over the convoluted REP program. According to Dorran, Hermiston will receive $213,500 annually until 2019 as a result of the settlement. "It's not an insignificant amount," Brookshier said. That puts Hermiston on solid footing to deal with potential increases spurred by renewable wind energy costs. This month, a coalition of wind-power companies filed a complaint with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission stating that BPA overstepped its bounds by shutting down wind production due to unusually high runoff this spring. According to BPA spokesman Dough Johnson, BPA needed the extra transmission capacity in order to deal with increased power production caused by the excess water. Spilling too much water can cause fish-killing nitrogen build up, something Johnson said BPA has committed to avoid. (bluefish notes: transmission capacity was rarely if ever a constraint on the system this spring when "Overgeneration" concerns arose.) To make up for shutting down the wind-power production, BPA filled the wind-power contracts at no cost to the companies. The wind-power producers, however, are upset because they will not receive renewable energy production tax credits, a multi-million dollar hit according to Johnson. Johnson said the loss was estimated by some sources to be as high as $37 million, but turned out to be much lower. "It was just a few million dollars," Johnson said. "They were losing revenue, and we're aware of that." Several utility companies, including the Northwest Requirements Utilities, a regional utility coalition that includes the city of Hermiston, filed statements of support for BPA. "If the wind generators get their way, ultimately it will increase costs," Brookshier said. "It would most definitely increase costs." At the heart of the issue is legislation passed in 2007 that requires a certain percentage of electricity production come from renewable energy sources. The legislation does not include in the "renewable" definition hydropower generated from facilities built prior to 1995, however. That has spurred the growth of wind power production. Johnson, however, stated that as the BPA updates its production facilities, some of the energy produced could be considered renewable. Adding new turbines that produce more power to existing dams could allow some of the power to fall into the renewable category, according to Johnson. 'Renewable' Requirements Make No Sense by Neill Woelk, Hermiston Herald, 5/20/11	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line25
__label__wiki	0.812618	0.812618	Ken Haar: Incumbent Candidate for State Legislature News October 2, 2012 In June 2000, Ken Haar headed into the Colorado wilderness for a three-week backpacking trip. In all he hiked about 100 miles from Copper Mountain to where the Colorado Trail crosses US Highway 50—just 5 miles per day. But Ken says he’s glad that he could keep a leisurely pace, taking the time—indeed, having the time—to admire the microcosm of an anthill or take in the “the sheer beauty of the Collegiate Peaks.” Each night after cooking dinner and washing the dishes, Ken would secure his food from bears by hanging it in a tree—and even invented BearHooks, a device designed to simplify the process. Photo by: Mary Anne Andrei. Ken’s ongoing commitment to green energy doesn’t stop with policy making. He and his wife, Chris, live in Malcolm, Nebraska, in a beautiful light-filled green energy home they built themselves with the help of family and friends. “My time out there was a unique experience,” Ken says now, “but I’m 69, so my question is: ‘How old can you be and still backpack?’” He answers himself by quoting Finis Mitchell’s Wind River Trails: “You don’t quit hiking because you get old; you get old because you quit hiking.” Ken estimates that in his lifetime he has hiked thousands of miles in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, and Nebraska, but he especially admires the unique beauty of the Pine Ridge with its buttes and rugged bluffs rising up from the White River Plain and loves hiking around Fort Robinson, which he boasts is as high as Denver. Not surprisingly, the environment and education are two issues Ken is most passionate about. Following family tradition—his mother, brothers, and sisters were all teachers—Ken started out as a math and science teacher. “Service is a family value,” he says. But he wanted to serve the community beyond the classroom. In the 1980s, he became involved in the Lancaster County Democratic Party, and from 1989 to 1997 he served on the Lincoln City Council. Four years ago, he ran for the Nebraska Legislature and won by only twenty votes—not exactly a mandate. But that didn’t stop Ken from becoming the leading legislator for progressive politics in the state. “I always believed I could make a difference; I can and I have made a difference in Nebraska and its communities.” “Because of my interests,” he says, “I got onto the Natural Resources Committee, and that’s where I’ve done a lot of my creative work.” As a member of the committee, Ken led the charge against TransCanada’s routing of the Keystone XL pipeline through the Sandhills. For those who doubt the importance of state politics, he points to a moment of questioning a TransCanada spokesperson during the regular 2011 session: “I asked the guy, ‘What’s going to happen to the pipeline when it’s no longer needed?’ I think it was a slip of the tongue, but he said, ‘We could always transport water.’” Ken recalls his visceral response, “I thought, ‘Over my dead body are they going to take water out of Nebraska and transport it to Texas.’ Because I think water is our greatest resource.” In early August 2011, Ken was the first legislator to call for a special session to enact siting legislation to reroute the pipeline around the delicate Sandhills ecosystem and the Ogallala Aquifer. Ken’s tireless work culminated in a bill to reroute the XL pipeline. When I ask Ken how he felt when he scored that victory, he says, “I’ll tell you what I told the World-Herald: I think it’s a f***ing miracle.” (The World-Herald edited his comment to “Christmas miracle.”) Ken’s strong feelings come, in part, from his concern at our slow pace addressing the effects of climate change. “Climate change is happening,” he says. While you find a lot of debate in Nebraska whether or not it’s human caused, Ken points to the signs all around us: “Nebraska has been changed to a warmer horticultural zone”—from zone 4 to zone 5. “We’re finding armadillos in Nebraska, and some cranes have started to overwinter.” He hopes that “we’re not going to wait until everything is a crisis.” To this end, Ken introduced a bill that created a program called Wind for Teachers, which allows for wind and solar leases on school lands in Nebraska that will generate revenue for teacher performance pay. In 2010, Ken sponsored the Green Schools Summit at the University of Nebraska and introduced legislation to provide additional funds for schools to lower their energy costs and implement green projects—a bill vetoed by Governor Heinemann. Ken did secure passage of a bill that created a statewide net metering standard for Nebraska, which will make it easier for individuals to install and operate wind and solar energy systems. He also has been working with environmental organizations to pressure Nebraska Public Power to embrace renewable energy and significantly reduce its reliance on carbon-emitting coal. “I enjoy policy making,” Ken says, “but most of all I want to leave a legacy for my grandchildren. I want them to have clean air, clean water, and lots of opportunities.” Learn More and Volunteer: To learn more about Ken Haar or to volunteer for his campaign to continue serving as a State Senator in the Unicam, a position that will influence where Nebraska is heading on energy and other critical issues, visit Ken’s website at www.kenhaar.com. You can also find Ken on Facebook. About the Unicam: To find out if you are in District 21, or need to know who your State Senator is, visit www.nebraskalegislature.gov. District 21 covers parts of the counties of Lancaster and Saunders. Folks call the Unicam different names–State Legislature, Unicameral and State Senate. In Nebraska, we are unique and have one legislative body and it is non-partisan. We are the only state in the country to have our legislative branch of government under one “house” that does not organize by party. When a person is elected to serve in the Unicam, they are called a State Senator or State Legislator. Ken’s profile is part of a series to highlight candidates who embody “new energy.” Candidates who bring new energy, new faces or who are running on a platform of homegrown, sustainable energy deserve more focus and attention. These profiles will also be featured on the New Energy Voter website which will give Nebraskans a “voter guide” you can email to your friends. The New Energy Voter site helps you register online using the Rock the Vote tool and has a voter guide on candidates up and down the ballot. If you are on Twitter, make sure to use these tags #nevoter #nebpol and of course follow @boldnebraska. Bold Nebraska Email: info@boldnebraska.org	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line27
__label__wiki	0.651919	0.651919	Alphabet Inc. (GOOG) reported its quarterly earnings on Thursday, October 29. The technology company posted increased revenue and net income. Revenue for the quarter came in at $46.2 billion during the quarter. This was up from $40.5 billion last year at this time. "We had a strong quarter, consistent with the broader online environment," said Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai. "It's also a testament to the deep investments we've made in AI and other technologies, to deliver services that people turn to for help, in moments big and small." The company reported quarterly net income of $11.2 billion. This was up from $7.1 billion in the prior year's quarter. Despite the economic impacts of COVID-19, the parent company of Google grew its advertising revenue during the quarter. The company raked in $26.3 billion of revenue through its Google Search & Other category. YouTube ads brought in an additional $5.0 billion in revenue. Google Cloud and Other Bets brought in $3.4 billion and $178 million respectively. Alphabet Inc. (GOOG) shares ended the week at $1,621.01, relatively unchanged for the week. Amazon Delivers Earnings Report Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) released its latest quarterly earnings on Thursday, October 29. The company's earnings continued to grow during the quarter. Net sales came in at $96.1 billion for the quarter. Last year at this time, the company reported net sales of $70.0 billion. "Two years ago, we increased Amazon's minimum wage to $15 for all full-time, part-time, temporary, and seasonal employees across the U.S. and challenged other large employers to do the same. Best Buy and Target have stepped up, and we hope other large employers will also make the jump to $15. Now would be a great time," said Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO of Amazon. "Offering jobs with industry-leading pay and great healthcare, including to entry-level and front-line employees, is even more meaningful in a time like this, and we're proud to have created over 400,000 jobs this year alone." The company reported net income of $6.3 billion during the quarter, or $12.37 per share. This was up from $2.1 billion, or $4.23 per share during the same quarter last year. Over the years, Amazon has successfully expanded its footprint from an online bookstore to a multifaceted digital company offering Prime Video, Alexa-enabled smart devices and Amazon Web Services. Amazon's flagship commercial website has allowed the company to thrive during the global pandemic, as consumers around the world have shifted more heavily to online shopping. Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN) shares ended the week at $3,036.15, down 5.1% for the week. Hasbro Reports Earnings Hasbro, Inc. (HAS) released its latest quarterly earnings on Monday, October 26. The company's revenue and profits rose year-over-year. The toy company reported revenue of $1.78 billion for the quarter. This was up from $1.58 billion during the same quarter last year. "Hasbro's third quarter performance was the result of great work from our global team and continued growing consumer demand for Hasbro brands in most markets," said Hasbro's CEO, Brian Goldner. "Our broad, innovative product line, including leadership in gaming, excellence in global [ecommerce] and compelling marketing campaigns drove meaningfully better performance in the third quarter." Net earnings reached $220.0 million during the quarter. This was up 12.4% from $212.9 million at this time last year. The popular toy maker has experienced increased demand in its gaming category during the quarter. This was due, in large part, to families' increased time at home during the global pandemic. Gaming revenue reached $543.1 million during the quarter. This was a 21% increase from $449.4 million in 2019. Hasbro, Inc. (HAS) shares ended the week at $82.72, down 4.9% for the week. The Dow started the week at 28,186 and closed at 26,502 on 10/30. The S&P started the week at 3,441 and closed at 3,270. The NASDAQ started the week at 11,441 and closed at 10,912. Yields on U.S. Treasurys rose this week as economic indicators beat expectations. Initial weekly jobless claims and consumer spending both outperformed analysts' expectations this week. On Thursday, the U.S. Department of Labor announced 751,000 new jobless claims for last week. This was down 40,000 from the prior week and lower than the 778,000 new claims projected by experts. "We had expected that the steep decline we saw in claims last week would be too big to repeat, but downside momentum in claims remains intact," said Thomas Simons, an economist with Jeffries & Company. "The question going forward is going to be whether a surge in COVID cases and renewed measures aimed at containing the virus will lead to another spike in claims in the coming weeks." The benchmark 10-year Treasury note was at 0.865% during trading on Friday, up from 0.842% on Monday. The 30-year Treasury bond reached 1.743% on Friday, up from Monday's opening yield of 1.643%. On Friday, the Commerce Department released the latest personal consumption expenditures (PCE) numbers. PCE rose 1.4% in September to $201.4 billion. This outpaced analysts' expected increase of 1%. "We see that consumers are still spending," said Stifel Nicolaus & Co. Chief Economist Lindsey Piegza. "In many cases, they are spending differently, meaning the composition of goods and services in their basket are different now." Mortgage Rates Hold Steady Freddie Mac released its latest Primary Mortgage Market Survey on Thursday, October 29. Mortgage rates showed relatively little movement this week. The 30-year fixed rate mortgage averaged 2.81% this week, up from 2.80% last week. Last year at this time, the 30-year fixed rate mortgage averaged 3.78%. This week, the 15-year fixed rate mortgage averaged 2.32%, down from last week's average of 2.33%. During the same week last year, the 15-year fixed rate mortgage averaged 3.19%. "The record low mortgage rate environment is providing tangible support to the economy at a critical time, as housing continues to propel growth," said Sam Khater, Chief Economist at Freddie Mac. "Strong purchase demand is helping to lift the construction, manufacturing and transportation industries that build new homes and it is also leading to more consumer spending for owners, who are selling or improving their homes." Based on published national averages, the national savings rate was 0.05% for the week of 10/26. The one-year CD finished at 0.17%. Stitch Fix Reports Earnings	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line33
__label__cc	0.673377	0.326623	Book Review: The Murderer’s Daughter by Jonathan Kellerman When fellow psychologist and thriller author of thirty Alex Delaware novels introduces a brand new protagonist, it’s got to be worth a look. And the debut of Dr. Grace Blades leaves me hoping to see more of her. I’ve always enjoyed Kellerman’s books. He really gets the psychology right in his psychological thrillers, delivers complex stories, solid dialogue, terrific description, nuanced characters. But I’ve also found Alex Delaware a bit lacking in the quirks that make a protagonist really compelling. Okay, he’s super smart, intense, has a cool bromance with the gay cop he solves cases with, but… So enter Grace Blades, brilliant shrink, damaged survivor, loner, risk-taker, and adrenaline junkie. Now we’re cooking! Kellerman’s well-paced story cuts back and forth between her harrowing childhood and equally chilling search for a psychopathic killer who has already stolen too much from her. You can just sense how much Kellerman is enjoying this break-out character. And so will you. I have a feeling this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship – and series. http://www.jonathankellerman.com/ Guest Post by Kristin Seaborg MD I don’t know about you, but during the holidays every year I always unwittingly transition to survival mode. Book marketing, blog writing, and social media posts are quickly replaced by the more present and pressing tasks of cookie baking, present wrapping, and schlepping the kids to their Christmas programs. I find myself repeating the mantra I’ll work on that after the New Year again and again to assuage my mounting worry over tasks left undone. But now that my memoir is published and I can finally – truthfully – consider myself an author, I’ve realized that there are many ways that I can write through the holidays without going near my computer at all. Sometimes when the living room is filled with children and presents and the dining room table is encircled with friends and family from near and far, I can find my inner voice more easily than ever. If I look through my Writer’s Eye, its easier to see that the cast of characters drinking Bloody Mary’s at 9 AM on Christmas morning could be fantastic protagonists for my next novel. The bright sweaters and loud laughter flirt with the senses and invite happiness and cheer. The fog of suspense that danced around my children on Christmas Eve as they slept in front of the fireplace to wait for Santa had the edge and authenticity of the best mystery novel. Parents and grandparents seated around the Christmas dinner table shared stories of their past which quickly became embedded in the narrative of my persona. The tears I shed of relief and exhaustion as I fell to bed yesterday evening had the bitterness of a drama that will undoubtedly be repeated every year, every holiday, every lifetime. No matter the circumstances, when I take time to observe instead of react, I can find stories worth repeating and rewriting in even the most mundane settlings. Even the task of cleaning the hurricane of the holidays provides me with subjects to write. There must be a story why that one partially wrapped present was left under the Christmas tree. The candy wrappers mark a path to and from the kids’ rooms like Hansel’s bread crumbs led Gretel. And even in the quiet aftermath of the holiday storm, I can still hear the voices, the stories, and echoes of laughter; a drama ongoing that will last until it’s reenacted again next year Though the keyboard is unfamiliar after over a week of absence, the keys are warm as I type and recount the stories of the past week. Perhaps writing is not always putting words on a screen but instead being present in the moment to create lasting memories. The words come quickly and artfully from the stories that have been written on my heart. Kristin is a practicing pediatrician in Madison, Wisconsin, where she lives with her husband and three children. She contributes magazine articles about pediatrics and parenting, and writes a blog about epilepsy, www.oneintwentysix.com. An advocate for epilepsy awareness, Kristin hopes that writing about her disease will help decrease the stigma associated with seizures. You can find Kristin at www.kristinseaborg.com, on Facebook at Kristin Seaborg MD, Author, and on Twitter @KristinSeaborg. Purchase The Sacred Disease On Amazon: http://amzn.to/1XXQLAS On Goodreads: http://bit.ly/1U5J4Ts Author Interview with Laura E. Koons Well, He Said, She Said is a writing guide, so it’s nonfiction. I suppose you could say that in this case the genre chose me. When we first started talking about putting out a series of writing manuals at Red Adept Publishing, I knew right away that I wanted to jump in and try my hand at a guide on dialogue. As a reader, I quite enjoy writing guides and books about the writing life. I’ve read quite a few—from the sort that are mostly how-tos to the kind that are more memoirs with some writing advice woven in. Writing can seem so overwhelming, especially if you’re staring down a blank page. It’s nice to turn to books that try to order all the aspects of the process and break them down into manageable bits. Putting butt in chair. In other words, actually making myself sit down and do the work. This is seriously the hardest part of writing for me and always has been. I envy people who find solace in their writing. For me it’s work—often enjoyable and rewarding work, but work all the same. So the lure of more immediately pleasurable activities—reading, watching TV, going for a walk, whatever—can be really hard to ignore. To be honest, I don’t always deal with it that well, but if the usual self-disciplining tricks—setting aside non-negotiable writing time, doling out little rewards (a cookie when I’ve written 1500 words!)—don’t work, establishing an external accountability process helps a lot. Enlist a friend whose disappointment will upset you to help you out. Tell them to yell at you if you don’t email them one thousand words by ten o’clock every night. I work best under deadlines. Doing something like this imposes a daily deadline that I can’t wiggle out of (a cookie because I wrote 900 words that were really hard), and that’s often really helpful. This changes a bit depending on what other things I have going on any given day, but usually early morning (often before I do anything else) at my computer in a spare bedroom that I’ve commandeered into an office. It has a door that shuts. This is key. I’m still very new to this, so I’m still very much learning, but: you have to work at it. Duh, right? But I think there’s this tendency to think, “Okay, the book’s written, and the edits are finished, so I’m done, right?” Nah. I think this might be like thinking that you’re never going to have to parent again just because you’ve gotten the kid safely graduated from high school. Sure, the most fundamental, foundational work is probably done, but you’re going to be called on again. Finishing things. First drafts, edits, final drafts, what-have-you. There’s this tremendous sense of accomplishment in closing the book (ha!) on a piece, even if I know I’ll be coming back to it. I get this little surge of “See? You can do this.” There’s nothing like it. I have to pick just one? There are so many writers I’d like to chat with—and for so many reasons. Some just to fangirl over, some to thank for writing books that have meant so much to me, some just because they seem like they would make fascinating dinner companions. But if I were truly trying to make the best use of my time, I’d have to pick someone I could talk about process with, I think. Jane Austen maybe, because there’s this image of her just fiddling away at a little table in the parlor and slipping her work under a letter or a blank sheet or something when people came to call. And, just, how—? Her plots contain such little intricacies, and she accomplishes so much through humor and point of view. I’d love to hear about her process—was she really writing like that, in the midst of family life going on right on top of her? If so, how did she manage to accomplish what she did in that environment? Or, if not Austen, J.R.R. Tolkien. I’m a procrastinator and a perfectionist, and I think he was too. I’d like to know if he has any advice about how to work well with those afflictions—or how to stop worrying about them and just carry on! Laura E. Koons attended Lycoming College and then completed graduate degrees in Creative Writing at both Ohio University and The University of Tennessee. She has worked on several literary magazines including Quarter After Eight, Drunken Boat: an online journal of art and literature, and Grist: The Journal for Writers, where she served as Fiction Editor for the inaugural issue. She currently edits for Red Adept Publishing. In her free time, Laura can usually be found with a book in hand, but sometimes she puts them down long enough to enjoy swimming, crocheting, and doing volunteer work at both her local library and history museum. She lives in Virginia with her husband and two ancient, snarky cats. On Red Adept: http://bit.ly/RAPHeSaid On Amazon: http://amzn.to/1PgVlUI Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/25784271-raining-embers Twitter: https://twitter.com/lycomayflower Guest Post: An Exercise for Strengthening Dialogue by Laura E. Koons One of the best ways to improve your own dialogue is to think about how you might change passages that you think fall short. Here’s a passage of dialogue I’ve written which might be improved upon. Think about what you might do to make this passage read better. Below the passage you will find a revision as well as a discussion of why I made the changes I did (you, of course, may have made other, equally effective changes). Dialogue Passage: “What should we get Carla for her birthday?” Toni asked Sue. “I don’t know,” Sue said and shrugged. “She’s been campaigning pretty hard for a puppy, but I don’t think Dad would appreciate that.” Toni snorted. “What do I care what Dad would appreciate?” she asked bitingly. “It’s not like he has any respect for any of us.” “Toni,” Sue said. “Don’t.” “Don’t what?” Toni asked. “Don’t tell the truth?” Sue shrugged. “Just don’t right now. I know he’s been awful to you—” “To all of us!” Sue nodded. “Maybe.” “Definitely, Sue.” “Whatever. I just don’t want to talk about it right now. Can we get back to Carla’s birthday? Maybe deal with Dad later?” Revised Dialogue Passage: (1)Toni poured coffee into Sue’s mug then sat down across from her at the scarred Formica table. “What should we get Carla for her birthday?” (2)Sue shrugged. “I don’t know. She’s been campaigning pretty hard for a puppy, but I don’t think Dad would appreciate that.” (3)Toni snorted. “What do I care what Dad would appreciate? It’s not like he has any respect for any of us.” (4)Sue’s eyes widened. “Toni. Don’t.” (5)“Don’t what? Don’t tell the truth?” (6)Sue ducked her head and rubbed one thumb along the handle on her mug. “Just don’t right now. I know he’s been awful to you—” (7)“To all of us!” (8)Sue gazed out the kitchen window and frowned. “Maybe.” (9)“Definitely, Sue.” (10)“Whatever. I just don’t want to talk about it right now. Can we get back to Carla’s birthday? Maybe deal with Dad later?” Line (1) provides a setting in which the dialogue takes place and therefore removes the need for a dialogue tag which identifies to whom the dialogue is addressed. Line (2) removes a dialogue tag since Sue’s gesture coupled with her dialogue is enough to indicate that it is her speaking. Line (3) removes a dialogue tag because the gesture is enough to identify who is speaking. The adverb attached to that dialogue tag is also unnecessary in any case since the description of Toni it provides is implied in the dialogue. Line (4) provides an action for Sue that makes the dialogue tag unnecessary. Line (5) removes the dialogue tag because it is clear, even without any attributed gesture or action, who is speaking. Line (6) gives Sue unique, characterizing gestures instead of the generic gesture (a shrug) which does little to tell the reader anything about Sue, specifically, as a character. It also brings the setting back into the dialogue exchange and helps keep the narrative going while the dialogue exchange unfolds. Line (7) remains unchanged. Line (8) gives Sue more characterizing gesture and again eliminates any need for a dialogue tag. Lines (9) and (10) remain unchanged. Doing quick exercises like this one with any dialogue you come across that you think doesn’t work should help you improve your own dialogue. Book Spotlight: Two Tales of the Moon By Jennifer Sun Two Tales of the Moon By Jennifer Sun Genre: Literary fiction Two lives converge over a high stake international deal between U.S. and China - Will Donovan, a successful cyber technology business owner and Lu Li, a Wall Street investment banker. From New York City to Washington, DC, to Shanghai, together they have to face ethical dilemmas, make life choices, and come to terms with their past. East meets West, past clashes with present. Blending romantic suspense with ethical intrigue. TWO TALES OF THE MOON is a compelling story that reveals that human struggle is the same regardless one's past or cultural upbringing. Clarion/Forward gave the book a four star rating, calls it "a thoughtful portrait of a modern woman who must choose between the burden of memory and a future of her own making...the writing takes on the sharpened focus of a play... the work effectively captures the effects of communism in searingly personal ways. BlueInk Review says: "Jennifer Sun draws on personal knowledge of China and a former career in telecommunications/finance for her well-crafted debut novel about the meeting of East and West. Blending romance and ethical intrigue, Two Tales of the Moon is a unique novel, with characters of psychological depth. Jennifer Sun has a MBA from George Washington University and a B.A. in English Literature from Fudan University in Shanghai, China. She has held several executive financial management positions at Fortune 500 companies in telecommunication and web technology industries. She currently writes full time and lives with her husband in Vienna, Virginia. She is also an avid reader, a runner and a foodie. www.Facebook.com/JenniferSunAuthor @JenniferSun8 www.JenniferSunAuthor.com https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/14554078.Jennifer_Sun Available on Amazon: http://amzn.to/1Ns0irQ Family Album: The Fabulous Formans My maiden name was Freda Forman, daughter of Muriel, step-daughter of Leon and sister of Michael. Sadly, they have all passed. But today’s post is a holiday tribute, celebrating the year’s accomplishments by my surviving immediate family of Formans. What a trio of creative superstars! Besides her career in medical research, my sister-in-law, Judi Lowenberg Forman, is a brilliant jewelry designer. From a small home studio in Vermont, Judi Forman Designs generates dazzling, unique necklaces, earrings, rings, bracelets and more. Judi enjoyed several successful shows this year and you can find her creations on Etsy (holiday shopping hint). My niece, Hannah Forman (aka Hannah Neurotica) is the undisputed queen of women in horror. Founder of Women in Horror Month, Editor-in-Chief of the zine Ax Wound, Hannah is a writer and filmmaker. Her short film, Letting, garnered raves this year and she was a recent guest on NPR’s All Things Considered, speaking about holiday horror movies. Noah Forman, my nephew, is a writer, producer, actor and inspired comic. Known for his work on the Chris Gethard Show, Noah is a veteran performer with the improv troupe, UCB (Upright Citizens Brigade). This year he was hailed as a “comic genius” for producing and starring in an homage Seinfeld episode. Now, that’s fan fiction! Of course, those who knew my late brother Michael Forman would hardly be surprised. Writer, musician, humorist and teacher, he was a creative force. He’d be so proud of them.And so am I. Happy holidays, you guys. May the New Year bring even more great things! Author Interview with Deanna Martinez-Bey I write about books that are based on life transformation. When Life Gives You Lemons, Drink Coffee! is just that, a book about a woman who decides to change her life from a life lived to please others to a life lived to please herself. It falls under the “Fiction” genre. I chose this genre because it allows a great story to be told: a story that will hopefully inspire those who read it. There are days when it is nearly impossible for me to take the time to sit down and write. I have a job and a family in addition to my writing career. I have to just accept it, and press forward. Normally, when this happened, the next time I sit down to write is a fantastic session where I make a lot of progress! I have created a writing nook! I like to write in the same space each time. I have a few special pictures hung in my writing area. I enjoy writing in a neat space, with a window! I do my best writing mid-afternoon to early evening. Early morning, I am not nearly awake and by night, I’m super sleepy and ready for bed! The more the book is networked, the more people will see it which means the chances of people purchasing it are greater. Promotion and networking are crucial! I am proud to simply call myself an author! It has always been something I wanted to do…ever since I was a young girl. I am proud to have my work published. I am also proud that the focus of my work is life transformation and that my books can actually help the individual who chooses to read it! I absolutely love Martha Stewart! She is not only an author, but an independent woman who knows how to take care of herself without having to depend on any one else. I look up to her for that! I would ask her where she gets her strength and inspiration. I would also pick her brain about baking and organizational tips…we can all use more of those in our life! Deanna has been writing since she was 7 years old. At that time she wrote poetry and short stories. She now enjoys writing novels, self-helps and cookbooks. Deanna is from New Jersey, but now resides in Raleigh, North Carolina. She is a writer for Examiner.com and has been featured in Taste of Home magazine, Taste of Home “Best Of” cookbooks, Gooseberry Patch cookbooks, local publications and on Women’s Day online. Twinkle, Twinkle Christmas Star is Deanna’s first published work. In addition to writing, Deanna enjoys cooking, photography, running and fitness. Website: http://tastenccom.wix.com/authormartinezbey Writers Blog: http://bookwriterdeanna.blogspot.com/ Food Blog: http://tastenc.blogspot.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/bookwriterdeanna Purchase Twinkle, Twinkle Christmas Star: http://amzn.to/1NL9lkA Purchase When Life Gives You Lemons, Drink Coffee!: http://amzn.to/1lO2jVO Interview with Michael Bradley I write mostly thrillers with a supernatural twist to them. Early on, I tried my hand at mysteries, but I’m not very good at coming up with those obscure clues that are just ambiguous enough to mislead the reader. Thrillers are a bit more straightforward, not necessarily needing to have clues to guide the reader to the conclusion. Adding a supernatural spin gives me the ability to break accepted laws of reality. I always try to ground my stories in modern times, with all the usual things that one would expect: cars, mobile phones, etc. My characters have the same struggles that we all do, as well as the same joys and regrets. But, the supernatural twist provides a way to blur the line between the possible and the impossible. If you ask my editor, it’s my grammar. But, I think my biggest challenge is being patient with my writing. I often want to rush things along in order to finish sooner, resulting in a story not being quite as good as it could be. I hear all the time where it took years for an author to finish their first novel, and I would have a lot of difficulty being patient enough for that. But, I know that a story can benefit from having that extra time to mature. A good story takes time to develop, and needs to be nurtured to obtain its full potential. That’s where I struggle, being patient enough to give my stories the time that they need. Have I found a way to deal with it yet? It’s a work-in-progress. I’m improving, but there is still a lot of work to be done. I usually do my writing in the evening, setting aside a couple hours in whatever room in the house no one else is in. I’m easily distracted so I often need to find somewhere quiet. More often than not, I end up in the basement, sitting at a small desk in the corner, just me and my laptop. It takes a lot of time and energy. Writing a book isn’t just about putting words on paper, and books don’t sell themselves. There is almost as much, if not more, work involved in promoting the book and building your audience as there is in the actual writing. Promotion on social media, as well as maintaining an online presence through a blog and website, can be time consuming, but is necessary to engage and retain an author’s readership. If anything, it would be the two main characters from my debut novel, SIRENS IN THE NIGHT. I spent a great deal of time developing Samantha Ballard and Jack Allyn, and a lot of people have said that they loved those two characters. There was an early reviewer write to me to say that she was upset to find out what happened to Samantha and Jack at the end of the book. It felt good to know that readers were making a connection with Samantha and Jack. Terry Pratchett. Definitely Terry Pratchett. I’m a huge fan of his “Discworld” series. His novels have an infinite ability to entertain again and again with his ironic, and often, hilarious storytelling. Pratchett had an incredible ability to take an otherwise straight-laced fantasy world filled with dwarfs, goblins, wizards, vampires, and humans, and add just enough absurdity to turn the whole thing upside down. His characters have a charm all their own that draws me into with every novel. As for what we would talk about, I see my dinner with Terry Pratchett to be more of a “pupil sitting at the feet of the master” type meal. I’d want to know all about the inspiration for some of my favorite characters, how he developed his ideas, and what inspired him to write such hilariously twisted tales. About Michael Bradley Born and raised in southern New Jersey, Michael Bradley is an author and software consultant, whose frequent travels have brought him in touch with a variety of people throughout the United States. In his "day job", he has presented on a variety of subjects at several IT conferences, both in America and in Europe. When he isn’t on the road, working, or writing, Michael hits the waterways in one of his three kayaks, paddling creeks, streams, and rivers all over Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New Jersey. Before working in information technology, Michael spent eight years in radio broadcasting, working for stations in New Jersey and West Virginia, including the Marconi Award winning WVAQ in Morgantown. He has been "up and down the dial" working as on air personality, promotions director, and even program director, providing a wealth of fond, enduring, and, sometimes, scandalous memories that he hopes to some day write about. Among the writers in which he finds inspiration, Michael favors P.D. James, Raymond Chandler, Leslie Charteris, Simon Brett, Terry Pratchett, and Ian Fleming. He lives in Delaware with his wife, Diane, and their three furry four-legged “kids”, Simon, Brandy, and Preaya. Web: www.mbradleyonline.net Twitter: @mjbradley88 Facebook: www.facebook.com/mjbradley88 Interview with Michael J. Bowler As a teacher, coach, youth leader, mentor, and volunteer, I’ve spent all of my life around kids and youth, so writing books for teens seemed a natural progression. Within the teen lit genre, I tell stories that mash up other genres – the connective threads are thematic and the main characters are teens, but the stories don’t fit into neat little boxes. I don’t write just urban fantasy or horror or contemporary, but mix them up to create something different. I feel that too much media today sends the wrong messages to kids, teaches them to self-obsess and feel entitled to everything in life without having to make real choices, choices that involve right and wrong. In the world of modern media there is no right or wrong – if something benefits “me” in some way, kids are told to go for it and never consider anyone or anything else in the decision-making process. I like to tell stories that challenge readers to look beyond themselves and their wants and see that life is bigger than them. I want them to see that we all have a responsibility to make this world a little better for our having lived in it. I tend to have numerous characters and plot threads in my books and I was never good at juggling. LOL So the challenge is to keep these various “balls” in the air until the precise moment each needs to drop, and then resolve every plot and character thread by the end of the book so readers feel satisfied. I usually do my writing in my upstairs office at home. I use my desktop computer, but if I have to travel, or even if I’m at the car dealership having my car serviced, I’ll bring my laptop and write wherever I happen to be. At home, I try to write most of the day unless I have other commitments. I’ve learned I’m not good at it. LOL I wish I had some brilliant pearl of wisdom about promotion that I could share with your readers, but I don’t. I would have to say that social media – which I use a lot – has proved to be an ineffective tool for me. I’ve gained lots of followers on Facebook and Twitter, but these people have no interest in reading my books, let alone buying them. I think, too, that teen lit is the toughest genre to promote because teens aren’t on social media to find books. For a teen lit author, gaining access to School Library Journal, Library Journal, and major publications seems to be essential. Thus far, I have failed to interest any major journal in reading/reviewing my books. It appears they only review books released by the “Big” publishers and aren’t interested in “indies.” I suspect they are obligated to read the new releases from big publishers and simply don’t have enough readers/reviewers on staff to also cover indie publications. That’s sad because there are some great books being released by indies these days. I made a choice to populate my books with characters not usually seen in mainstream lit – gay kids, gang members, kids of color, kids with physical and mental disabilities, abused kids, marginalized kids, incarcerated kids. My characters are not your standard-issue teen heroes because there is no such thing. Hollywood, and media in general, would have us believe that only white, suburban, smart, straight, drop-dead gorgeous kids can be heroes, and that’s simply not true. I want readers to know the kinds of kids I’ve spent my life with - kids who are extraordinary in their own way and deserve to be in the spotlight. So my books are very much outside the box, and that difference likely diminishes their sales potential. So be it. People who’ve read my books have come to love my different, outside the mainstream, flawed characters and embrace their stories. My philosophy is this: no matter what we look like or how much money we have or how smart we are, no matter our race, ethnicity, gender, or orientation, no matter our abilities or disabilities – at the end of every day we’re all the same. We’re all human. We’re human first, and everything else second. I want my teen readers to embrace their humanity, or rediscover that humanity if it has been lost along the way. I’d love to dine with Mary Shelley, the eighteen-year-old who wrote Frankenstein, and discuss how she conceived such an insightful look into the very heart of human nature for a piece of literature as relevant today as it was in 1818. Michael J. Bowler is an award-winning author of eight novels––A Boy and His Dragon, A Matter of Time (Silver Medalist from Reader’s Favorite), and The Knight Cycle, comprised of five books: Children of the Knight (Gold Award Winner in the Wishing Shelf Book Awards), Running Through A Dark Place, There Is No Fear, And The Children Shall Lead, Once Upon A Time In America, and Spinner. He grew up in San Rafael, California, and majored in English and Theatre at Santa Clara University. He went on to earn a master’s in film production from Loyola Marymount University, a teaching credential in English from LMU, and another master's in Special Education from Cal State University Dominguez Hills. He has also been a volunteer Big Brother to eight different boys with the Catholic Big Brothers Big Sisters program and a thirty-year volunteer within the juvenile justice system in Los Angeles. He has been honored as Probation Volunteer of the Year, YMCA Volunteer of the Year, California Big Brother of the Year, and 2000 National Big Brother of the Year. The “National” honor allowed him and three of his Little Brothers to visit the White House and meet the president in the Oval Office. He is currently working on a sequel to Spinner.His goal as a YA author is for teens to experience empowerment and hope; to see themselves in his diverse characters; to read about kids who face real-life challenges; and to see how kids like them can remain decent people in an indecent world. www.michaeljbowler.com FB: michaeljbowlerauthor Twitter: https://twitter.com/BradleyWallaceM Blog: sirlancesays.wordpress.com Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/6938109.Michael_J_Bowler Interview with Medric "Cous" Cousineau, SC, CD I write in the Nonfiction genre, and Further Than Yesterday (FTY) is the first volume of a trilogy and there will be two more installments of the “Further Than” series. The genre was literally thrust upon me as FTY is truly my story, very autobiographical and very personal. But it represents only a part of my life’s journey, one which I feel comfortable sharing so that others who struggle with Mental Health issues, primarily PTSD will reach out and get help. The appeal is in the results of watching others regain control over their lives as part of the treatment process. I believe the most challenging part of the process is objectively trying to evaluate the relevance of subjective experiences. Will the reader relate? Did I capture the emotions I was going for? Will this make sense to the reader? A huge part of the solutions to these questions comes in the edit and revisions phase. Having an editor who understands the issues and is willing to either call “BS” or conversely encourage you to delve deeper into areas that you may wish to gloss over. I find that my actual writing for me is done in front of the keyboard, in my office/den. I tend to be surrounded by my books, my dog, my aquarium, my music and my ever present coffee cup. I am truly addicted to coffee. But there are times when I will go to certain areas to write as the setting is such an integral part of the setting that you need to have been there or be present to truly capture the nuances of the environment. If you want to write about deserted beaches go walk one, soak in the experience, make notes, take pictures and try and employ as many senses as possible while there. It will reflect in the authenticity of your writing. I think the biggest lesson I have learned in promotion to individual readers is to set the hook and let the reader delve in and find out where the book takes them. In a group setting the strength lies in being to address the group, and lend a true voice to a passage that you read. It will help the readers throughout the rest of the book. I often read a passage called “The Nightmare Begins” and then take them into a later passage which gives them a glimpse into the Hell that PTSD is and how my service dog has had such a positive effect on my life. I think that the pride comes from hearing individuals relate to capturing the raw emotions and how it has served as the springboard for them to reach out for help for themselves or a loved one. Inspiring others to take action was the goal, and I know I have hit it. The book speaks to veterans, military personell, mental health sufferers and advocates, those with PTSD, Service Dog Handers and dog lovers as a whole. With so many interested segments in the readership, it is a balancing act. But those who suffer who need inspiration, Further Than Yesterday, That’s All That Counts delivers the message of Hope and Motivation. Wow, the Million Dollar question. I am going to go with someone who has passed because there is always hope that I will cross paths with the living. That being the case, going with Abraham Lincoln. Specifically I would love to sit down and talk about the Civil War, the anguish he went through in the tough decisions, but mostly I want to talk about the “Gettysburg Experience” immediately following the Battle and during the period of the Gettysburg Address. Cous, a Royal Military College graduate with a degree in English, was injured doing Search and Rescue in 1986, and was awarded the Star of Courage. He has battled PTSD ever since, and in 2012 was paired with his PTSD Service Dog, Thai. As a result, his wife Jocelyn and he co-founded Paws Fur Thought, an initiative that fund raises and advocates to pair other disabled veterans with their Service Dogs. “Further Than Yesterday” is the first volume of a pending trilogy. Cous has been awarded a Mental Health Inspiring Lives award and recognized as the PetLynx Urban Animal Innovator of the Year in 2014. When not busy writing and delivering motivational speeches, Cous can be found reading, traveling, studying history, fishing, listening to music and walking his dog at the beach. Cous also shares the house with his wife, her Service Dog, several cats and their grown daughter Jennifer when she chooses. On Facebook: Paws Fur Thought - http://on.fb.me/1RADHd5 On Facebook: Further Than Yesterday - http://on.fb.me/1H9Ftwk @pawsfurthought1 www.furtherthanyesterday.com On Amazon: http://amzn.to/1H9FdgG	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line41
__label__wiki	0.684396	0.684396	2007-02-22: Like A Daffodil Roleplay Logs » Volume 01: Beginnings » 2007-02-22: Like A Daffodil A mysterious fire is set at a local junior high, shaking Lee out of a dead-end afternoon and prompting Tamara and D.L. to intervene. Date It Happened: February 22nd, 2007 Like A Daffodil John Philip Sousa Junior High School, #142 Lee sits at his desk. The blackboard behind him says 'FRAME OF REFERENCE' in big block letters, directly over his head. Underneath that is written things like "Civil Rights" and "Unions" and "Lobbyists". He is looking at the class, which is boredly looking back at him, or at each other, notes they're writing. They could care less about what he's saying, he could care less that they care less, and everyone in the room can easily sense each others boredom with one another. It's a beautiful afternoon, but the windows of the crumbling old, rambling building that is the central feature of John Philip Sousa Junior High School #142 have bars on them and haven't been properly cleaned in years. Tamara hasn't set foot on the grounds of a junior high school in a couple of years, but she's slight enough to pass as a student. You know, those young people who're sitting listening /attentively/ to one teacher or another right now and not wandering around the halls. …Well, she's wandering around the halls. Apparently the hall monitors haven't spotted her yet - but then, she only came in the door just a bit ago. And Tamara doesn't want to be seen by them, anyway. Fingertips of one hand brushing along a row of lockers, the girl hums softly under her breath, just walking down the corridor. Rental Car. D.L. spent the last of his money on it. Why? Because he needed to go on a road trip across the country to find his wife who ran off. Again. She does that a lot lately. At the present moment, the quaint rental car is parked across the street from JPSJHS #142. Curled up in the back seat and covered by a blanket? Micah Sanders. He's fast asleep. But where's his father? Up at the corner, on the pay phone. "Listen. I'll be back as soon as I can. It's a family…" He rolls his eyes and punches at the wall. "You're firing me?! You're… hello?! Son of a —" D.L. slams the phone down and shoves himself away from the pay phone. He sighs and turns around, leaning back against the wall to look at the school across the street. "Dammit, Niki…" A thickset, balding man passes Tamara in the hall without a second glance at her. The fire alarm goes off a few moments later, and kids and teachers come into the halls with bored and desultory looks, and begin to stream outwards, through the metal detectors which add their buzz to the beeping sound of the alarm. Laughing and joshing around, the occasional scuffle, the normal roar of 13 year olds, no sense of urgency. At first. But then someone sees smoke and things start to move a lot faster. Blue eyes track the man as he passes by; Tamara's humming stops, and she turns to watch him go. But because he's going, she turns away again. Her hand falls away from the lockers, and the girl's head lifts slightly, tipping to one side as she looks into the distance of the now-crowded hall. After a moment, she seems to reach a decision and starts threading her way through the throng with comparative ease; finding the possibility that takes her from point A to point B with the fewest traffic jams. Wherever point B is… it doesn't seem to be outside, where everyone else is fleeing to. D.L. is busy with the sulking. He shakes his head a little bit and starts back towards the vehicle. He tosses his hands into his pockets and steps around something or other. He's taking his sweet time, for he has to figure out how in the world to break this news to Micah. He finally gets back to his car and looks inside. Micah's still sleeping. He sighs and has a strange spider-sense style tingling type deal involving the school behind him. Turning around, he raises an eyebrow and just tries to figure out why kids are filing out of the building like so. Lee stands outside his classroom, getting the students into line and saying, "That way, that way, just follow the line…" Smoke begins to be visible in the hall near him, at the ceiling, and it thickens quickly, the kids starting to run instead of walking in an orderly fashion. "Jose, put your phone away, now's not the time to be shooting video, and… Maria! No, the other way, the other way!" Lee says. It's a bit of a cul-de-sac of rooms and a staircase where the smoke is thickest and the kids are thinnest. Smoke is visible at the windows, and even the orange flicker of smoke in one room. The sprinklers kick on with a gurgle…but only in a few areas. Bad maintenance strikes again. Walking into the cul-de-sac without, apparently, much regard for the gathering smoke, Tamara steers one wayward student back into line and points them towards the way out. Her gaze is focused on Lee, pupils dilated far enough that their blue color is little more than a token ring. "Slow." Whether that's a direction or a warning isn't quite made clear. "Sand's running." Marginally clearer. D.L. is watching the fire thing happen, but he's not sure if he's needed. He checks through the window to make sure Micah's still asleep, which is all well and good. He keeps looking over shoulder to see that everything's taken care of, but without any fire trucks in the vicinity… well, that's not going to be a good thing at all. He sighs to himself and runs across the street, pushing past whomever's already gathered outside. "Is anybody still in there?" he tosses the question at random people that may or may not be listening. Sometimes he wishes he has something like X-Ray Vision. "Mr. Jones went after Maria!" says a wide-eyed black youth wearing gang colors, pointing into the building. The adults are busy corralling the kids across on the other side of the basketball court. Lee is lifting his soaked coat collar to cover his mouth. "What?" he says to Tamara, eyes confused and wide. "What?" A CRASH of something collapsing comes from up the hall and a burst of flame and smoke gouts inwards, spreading rapidly. "Maria!" yells Lee. "Maria, this way!" Tamara looks over her shoulder, back down the hall. Then she leans forward and grabs Lee's arm; it's not exactly a /strong/ grip, what with her build and all, but it's quite firm. "Wait," she instructs him, tugging back a bit. Turning her face away from the burst of fire, Tamara lifts her fingers to her lips, casting a piercing whistle into the smoke-filled corridors. It might carry far enough; it might not, but she deems it worth a try. That isn't good. Not at all. D.L. looks from the building that's burning back to the car that has his son in it. Nothing to say, since he's not exactly sure of what's going on or who Mr. Jones is, but he's pretty sure that means that they could be in some sort of trouble. He breaks through the small crowd and makes a bum rush towards the wall. Caring not if anyone sees him, he runs right on through it like there's nothing there. No brick, no anything. Once on the inside, he can hear the loud whistling and looks towards the sound. "Anybody in here?! Hey!" Smoke and flames kind of make it hard to see. Okay, a lot hard to see. Lee was just about to charge forward recklessly when Tamara pulls him back, which prevents a small slide of bricks and timber from smashing into his head as the roof, sagging, half-collapses, water and steam pouring off as a busted pipe spews upwards. "Is there someone in there? Look, look for Maria!" yells Lee. "Yellow hair!" He breaks down coughing, returning his coat to his mouth. The fire is burning hot, but in a limited area so far. The sound of sirens begins to become audible. "Here!" Tamara calls for D.L.'s benefit. She starts walking backwards, attempting to pull Lee along with her. "Away," she says, now speaking to Lee. "Come away." Her intonation is peculiar - not really very concerned at all. Or only in a distant sort of manner. The teen looks down the hall. "Can you find her?" she asks, despite D.L. still being around the bend and out of view. He's /almost/ here, and that's close enough for her. "Get out if you can! I'll find her!" D.L. calls through the fire and the flames. He narrows his eyes, trying to see if he can see through whatever smoke has filled the hall that he's on. "Maria! Maria!" This is him calling out to some girl with yellow hair. He's hoping it's actually yellow and not like blonde or something. These ghetto schools tend to have both, if you really want to stop and think about it. He turns and slides himself through another wall, peeking his head around to see if and where there's a girl. He doesn't have much time, he's assuming, before the fire spreads. Which would be a bad thing. "Where are you…" This is said more to himself than actually as a searching yell. The yellow haired girl - and the hair really is yellow, yellow like a daffodil - has fallen beneath the layer of smoke, which is good for her chances, if she can get out. "No, through…" Lee calls out, confused about how DL's yelling voice got from here to there, but there's too much confusion. "Through there…she went into 118! 118…back towards us! Come towards us!" He turns to face Tamara for the first time. "Go that way." he says, indicating the exit, leaning down to talk at her level so he doesn't have to cough again. "Whose room are you in? They're looking for you probably." He does move with her a bit away from the fire, but he still has a student unaccounted for. The girl's free hand, she uses to pat Lee's shoulder gently, acknowledging his concern. "He got her. Farther," Tamara directs, tugging a little harder on his arm. After a moment, she wraps both hands around his arm and starts to /pull/, glancing briefly to the thicker smoke and the flickers of fire. "She was fine. /You/…" Her voice trails off, and, if anything, Tamara drags harder at his arm. D.L. blinks. "Oh now they tell me." Sliding out of the wall to look at the door to his room, he figures that he's not at the right one. 118 is what he's looking for and that means he's going to have to go through fire. Since he's not a superhero or anything, he turns and proceeds to pull some majorly awesome special effects out of the woodwork as he literally passes through the flames to step into corridor where he can find the right room. "Gotcha'." Whether or not the door to 118 is on fire matters not to the likes of D.L and he passes through it with ease. "Maria? Maria, you in here?" He spots the yellow hair amidst the smoke and he's doing that crouching negro, hidden hero thing to offer her his hand. Lee says, "Whose /room/ are you in? I…" insists Lee, but he's walking Tamara back towards the door. Maria reaches out weakly, she's still conscious, barely, overcome by the smoke but not badly burned. Sirens are wailing as they near the place. With Lee now following, Tamara eases up on the pulling, but she doesn't stop. She seems to think he still needs direction, the better to get them down and out. "Over there," she says, in some attempt to be helpful. But without the pointing which would give the phrase any sort of practical significance. "Time to go," the girl adds, a note of cheer now under her voice which is entirely at odds with the tense situation. "I got you, don't worry. I got you." D.L.'s all trying to sound like he's the man with the plan, but he actually isn't planning anything. He grabs Maria up into his arms, holding her close and immediately gets to phasing both him and her. So the smoke can flow through their bodies of course. "I got her!" is yelled into the burning building, but he doubts if they can hear him. Still, look, there's a wall. And a wall on this side of a building usually leads to a corridor. Corridors lead to outside. Taking Maria through the wall with him, he comes out somewhere a little less burn-y and proceeds to head for the wall that will lead them outside. Smoke. Smoke. Fire. Smoke. Wall. Sunlight. The beautiful afternoon, Lee and Tamara exit one way, DL and Maria another. "Whose room are you in?" he asks Tamara one more time. He keeps looking behind himself - he totally misses DL's dramatic exit with his student. "Did you see who that guy yelling was?" "Yes. No." Now that they're outside, she releases Lee, twisting back to look over her shoulder at the building even as she continues walking away from it. Tamara's lips press into a thin line; then the teen offers Lee a wan smile. "Sorry about your room." She gives the gaggle of students a look, then shakes her head a bit; pressing one hand against her temple, Tamara moves off on a tangent to the group, rather than going to join them. D.L. is not one for being a hero. Well, he is, but he doesn't really need to stick around for all the theatrics afterwards. He sets Maria down, making sure that she's still capable of walking. And breathing, since there's no smoke outside. "There you go. Your friends…" He points off in the random direction of what can only be the crowd of people around the corner of the building. Not even waiting for her to leave, he turns to make his exodus off in the general direction of his rental car. "Micah…" He's remembered that his son is still asleep in the car! Along with, well, whatever's in the trunk. Lee sees D.L. withdrawing one way and Tamara withdrawing the other way. "But…" he says, protesting weakly, "The door…I…hey!" He heads towards D.L.'s back, and Maria. He reaches the girl first, and she needs help, so he stays with her. "…hey?" he finally says again, left behind, and unsure what just happened why. The thickset man emerges unnoticed from the administration building with files under his arm and disappears, the only one that knows. dlleetamara	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line42
__label__cc	0.648614	0.351386	Animals, etc. This blog, begun in connection with Animals: A Novel, was originally devoted entirely to posts about human and non-human animals. It now also includes posts about Rising Stories: A Novel, and occasional posts relating to a range of other topics, including the visual arts, prose fiction, sports, poetry, politics, and film. For those interested in the novels, there is more material posted on my website, http://www.donlepan.com/. Eating for a Greener Planet I've been very quiet on the blog the past few months--largely because a lot of my spare time has been taken up with working as part of a group trying to try to bring about change within the Green Party of Canada. I can now report that five of the nine candidates running for the party leadership (Judy Green, Meryam Haddad, Amita Kuttner, Dimitri Lascaris, and David Merner) have declared their support for a new approach to animal agriculture—phasing out subsidies to animal agriculture (and increasing support for plant-based alternatives), as well as including animal agriculture GHG emissions under the provisions of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act. In other words, there’s now a very good chance that we can elect a party leader who will make the Green Party of Canada the country’s first major party committed to taking seriously the harms caused by animal agriculture—and by eating animals. Anyone who would like to make that happen can help by joining the Green Party of Canada before 11:59 pm on September 3, and taking part in the voting later that month. Membership in the Green Party of Canada costs just $10; any Canadian or permanent resident aged 14 can join. I hope you’ll join us! I’ve just posted more information on this website: https://donlepan.wixsite.com/greener-planet Posted by Don LePan at 10:52 PM No comments: Labels: Green Party Rhyme of New Orleans Maureen and I were thinking the other night that there are too few poems written that have something to them of joy. As you may have experienced recently, there's been a move in some circles to circulate poems--poems that people have found engaging and affecting, particularly in a joyous or uplifting sort of way. There is of course no shortage of engaging and affecting poetry in the world, but E.E. Cummings and a few others excepted, there has been a dirth of poets who frequently write poetry expressive of joy--whether in some pure form or admixed with other emotions. One such poem that comes to mind is Alice Oswald's "Wedding"; another is Carol Ann Duffy's "John Barleycorn." The latter is a poem very largely composed of the names of English pubs; re-reading it the other day (before I passed it along as a reading recommendation to one of these "Poem Exchange" groups) made me think that one could perhaps do something of the same sort with the names of bars in New Orleans. The poem below is the result of my effort to do just that (drawing on some of the material I'd included a few years back in a poem for Maureen). It didn't end up with as many bar-names as I'd thought it would, and the joy is certainly admixed with a few other emotions, but joy there is. For what it's worth: New Orleans don’t rhyme with beans, or with means— That’s what they’ll tell you, uptown or downstream: New Orleans don’t rhyme with beans. But Satchmo did it—you know what it means...: When it’s music it all becomes different, it seems, The notes and the words flow like water, like dreams— Like the dark and the deep of the river’s wide dreams As it curls in the sparkle of night through New Orleans. Rhyme New Orleans. Rhyme New Orleans and the music begins, With full rhymes, fat rhymes, light rhymes, slant rhymes, With high notes, low notes, bank notes. Light sins. Rhyme thick air. Rhyme black and white and good times, Rhyme Abita and amber, and rhyme good health, Rhyme night and stomping, rhyme black and blue, Rhyme like the river, turned back on itself And stretching, aching, thrusting round, surging through, And once or twice a lifetime, swamping The city that once was the place where they sold the enslaved, City of graves, city of cotton, Time stretched, time lost, but nothing forgotten, ‘Cept some days let’s pretend last night never happened. The night is warm, the beer is cool, There’s jazz, there’s blues, there’s someone rappin, DBA, Hi Ho, they’re passing the hat, Vaughan’s, the Mother-in-Law, Spotted Cat, Blue Nile, Maple Leaf, the Candlelight Lounge, Spare a dollar? I tell ya, I just gotta scrounge A few bucks, buy a coffee, a meal; I can tell ya, nobody here really wants to steal. Tipitina’s, Lost Love, the Friendly Bar All open late, and the door’s ajar: That’s Chris Kohl’s clarinet, smooth as a knife; Eight to the bar, hold a note like forever. Like life. That tune? You can’t lose it; Time? You can’t choose it. It’s time like the always and never of music, Of everything music, of mockingbird music, Like the always and never of Living, of loving. Of love. Posted by Don LePan at 1:53 PM No comments: Labels: Abita Amber, Alice Oswald, bars of New Orleans, Carol Ann Duffy, Chris Kohl, Christopher Kohl, John Barleycorn, Louis Armstrong, New Orleans, poem exchanges, poetry of joy, Spotted Cat, Wedding Cross-Cultural Scholarship: A Cautionary Tale My original intention was to call my first book The Birth of Expectation: A Cognitive Revolution in Western Culture. But when I told the publishers, Macmillan, of my tentative plans for a follow-up volume they decided they wanted a grander title; when it came out in 1989 the book had acquired a definite rather than an indefinite article at the start, and bore the title The Cognitive Revolution in Western Culture, volume 1: The Birth of Expectation. In a quiet way it’s received a good deal of attention over the years—though, in recent years, not of a sort that makes me at all happy. The monograph originated in the Masters thesis I had completed at Sussex more than a decade earlier (working under the brilliantly wide-ranging scholar, and wonderfully warm-hearted human being A.D. Nuttall), the central insight of which had been that there was a yawning divide between the plotting techniques employed by Shakespeare and Marlowe and the plotting techniques employed by their medieval (and even their immediate Tudor) predecessors. Shakespeare and Marlowe crafted plots that facilitate the formation of expectations in the minds of the audience members; typically, characters’ intentions are revealed before they act on those intentions. That became the most common template for plots through to our own day; audiences (or readers, or viewers) are provided with raw material that encourages them to form expectations of what is likely to happen as the action moves forward. But almost all plots from the medieval period operate on a very different basis; one thing happens, and then another thing happens, and then another thing happens after that, without our being given information that would allow us to form expectations as to what is likely to happen. The question I was left with when I had completed the short Master’s thesis was why. Why would such a drastic change in dramatic plots have occurred? And the conclusion I eventually came to was that most people in pre-Shakespearian England had not developed the sorts of temporal and causal thought processes that, for educated individuals in technological societies, have become sufficiently ingrained to make the formation of expectations as to what is likely to happen a deep-rooted habit. It was a conclusion reached largely through a comparison of the evidence from medieval English (and medieval European) culture with evidence from a wide range of other pre-literate societies. But it was a conclusion carefully qualified in a number of ways. First, I made clear that the generalizations I was making concerned the great majority but not every individual; I was not suggesting that highly educated individuals such as Thomas Aquinas or Geoffrey Chaucer had not developed the ability to form expectations of this sort. Second, I made clear that the differences I was postulating were the result of environmental factors and subject to change; they were not innate. “Indeed,” I suggested, “it seems self-evident that a baby born into [San society on the Kalahari] but brought up from infancy and educated in Toronto will grow up with modern Western habits of thought, and that the reverse is also true.” Though my focus in looking at developed societies was on those of the Shakespearian and post- Shakespearian Western cultures, I in no way suggested that non-Western literate cultures had not developed causal and temporal cognitive habits of very much the same sort as those developed in the literate West. I said very little about non-Western literate cultures, either in earlier eras or today. Then as now, it seemed obvious to me that even a glance in the direction of the history of China should be enough to make clear that, over much of the past 2,000 years and more, Chinese culture evidenced causal and temporal thought processes at least as sophisticated as those found anywhere in the West at the same time. It seemed clear to me too that many “developing” countries were indeed developing not just economically, but also in terms of people developing more complex patterns of temporal and causal thought. Of Zimbabwe, for example—a country where I lived for three years in the early 1980s, teaching at a rural high school—I observed that generalizations about causal and temporal thought processes which “still hold for the bulk of the rural population, most of whom are untravelled and (despite the massive developments in the years since Independence) only semi-educated, are manifestly untrue of the growing number of Zimbabweans who are possessed not only of a high level of formal education but also what one can only refer to as urban sophistication.” Most important of all, I repeatedly made clear that my argument should not be taken to suggest an over-arching superiority of any sophisticated culture over any less sophisticated one. Indeed, my contention was that even where most people in pre-literate cultures may tend to think in quite different –and even less logical ways—than most people in more highly educated and sophisticated cultures, they may still be equal or superior to more “developed” peoples in spheres such as the moral and the aesthetic. I also suggested that pre-literate cultures often possess a poetic vitality that has been largely lost in the developed West, and argued strenuously that a highly educated society in which the majority of people possess highly complex temporal or causal thought processes is no more likely to be a wise or a morally good society than is the most undeveloped of pre-literate societies. The one thing I regret about the way I expressed the argument of The Birth of Expectation: A Cognitive Revolution in Western Culture (as I much prefer to call the book) is that, instead of referring to “pre-literate societies” or “elemental ways of thought” I used a term that, although controversial, was in the 1980s still fairly common in reputable scholarly discourse; I referred to “primitive societies” and “primitive ways of thought.” I soon realized that I had made a mistake. The 1995 paperback edition of the book includes the following note, which bears repeating: I have become convinced that the frequent use in the text of the word “primitive” was ill-advised. In the book’s first long note and at many other points I am at pains to point out that I see the proper use of the term as being purely descriptive (to mean “original; primary”) rather than pejorative. But as others have now persuaded me, … one doesn’t get to make the language; once a word such as “primitive” has been corrupted by prolonged pejorative use, it may not be enough to argue that it should not carry negative connotations. The text [of the paperback edition] has not been reset, and troublesome word thus remains. (Nor am I sure of the best substitute; I suspect “elemental” might serve better than any other.) But at least the paperback may carry a prominently placed apologia for my having used a word that I should have recognized carried with it the risk of tainting for many people the thesis of the entire book, and of allowing it to be suspected of perpetrating the very sorts of preconceptions that it was written largely to challenge. As it happened, the book was not attacked for its use of the word "primitive," or for its thesis; the scholarly reviews were not numerous but they were on the whole very favorable. I nevertheless am deeply saddened by its reception. It has had virtually no impact in the field of serious literary studies, and I make no complaint about that; it’s the fate of most scholarly monographs, particularly when they put forward arguments that go nowhere near the currents of a discipline’s main stream. What saddens me is where the book has made an impact. Despite all the disclaimers, despite all the careful qualifiers, the book has been cited again and again by those whose goal is to paint the West as superior to the rest. Typical is an article by Ricardo Duchesne, posted on the “Counter-Currents” website and entitled “Jean Piaget and the Superior Psychogenetic Cognition of Europeans.” Counter-Currents Publishing—a self declared voice of “the North American New Right” –dedicates itself to principles such as this: “We live in a Dark Age, in which decadence reigns and all natural and healthy values are inverted.” It declares that it “aims to promote the survival of essential ideas and texts into Golden Age to come.” Those “essential” ideas, it is made very clear, are European ideas—evidently code for “white people’s ideas,” given that white North Americans are surely included in the "North American New Right." Ricardo tries to use my work to support what to me are entirely misguided claims for the supposed “superior intellectual powers and superior creative impulses” of Western culture. He refers to the “he uniqueness of the West,” “the higher fluidity of the Western mind, the multiple intelligences of Europeans”—repeatedly suggesting that “Europeans” are innately superior to other peoples. Duchesne does acknowledge at one point in his discussion that “LePan carefully distances himself from any claim that Europeans were genetically wired for higher levels of cognition.” But he suggests that the sorts of evidence I present can and should be taken to draw such a conclusion. More, he ascribes to writers of my ilk a fear of confronting the truths my work supposedly points to: The uniqueness of the West frightens academics. They have concocted every imaginable explanation to avoid coming to terms with the fact that Europeans could not have produced so many transformations, innovations, renaissances, original thinkers, and the entire modern world, without having superior intellectual powers and superior creative impulses. To draw any such conclusions about the world’s various groups of humans is to my mind not only wrong in point of fact; it is also morally repugnant. It is telling that Duchesne dismisses the final chapter of The Birth of Expectation (“Postscript: Zimbabwe, 1995”—to my mind perhaps the best-written part of the book) as simply “strange.” He observes archly that “LePan praises the cultural ‘vitality’ of this African country,” as if that were all I praised about Zimbabwean culture—and as if any praise at all for an “African country” were to be wondered at. Anyone who knows anything of the culture of Zimbabwe—the engaging and intelligent fiction of such writers as Charles Mungoshi, Tsitsi Dangaremba, and NoViolet Bulawayo, for example, or the unforgettable music of such songwriters and musicians as Thomas Mapfumo, Oliver Mtukudzi, and Leonard Zhakata—will be aware of its rich complexity and its wide-ranging intelligence as well as its vitality. But writers such as Duchesne evidently have no interest in non-European cultures in and of themselves; such cultures seem to be of interest only insofar as information about them can be twisted so as to suggest that they are inferior to “European” cultures. It is in the Postscript that I argue most powerfully that “the Shakespearean moment” in our own culture occurred when new cognitive processes were emerging among the majority of the population, but the poetic vitality of pre-literate culture was also still very much alive in the mainstream of society. Given the degree to which such vitality has now been blunted by the post-renaissance emphasis on rationalism, I argue that another such moment has become impossible in our own society—and that “if a new Shakespeare is to emerge,” it is far more likely to be “from the valleys of the Niger or the Zambezi than the skyscrapers of New York or London.” I believed that then; I still do. Labels: A.D. Nuttall, medieval drama, pre-literate societies, right-wing writing, Shakespeare's plots, Zimbabwe Ag Gag Laws Continue to Spread Across the US—and Now They’ve Come to Canada In many areas of the world trespassing is a relatively minor offence under the law, and offenders are liable to relatively minor punishments. The maximum fine for a first offence in the province of Alberta, for example, was until recently $2,000; for a second offence the maximum was $10,000. (Penalties for trespassing are typically the same regardless of whether the premises are a private individual’s home and yard, a business owner’s warehouse and parking lot, or a farmer’s fields and farm buildings.) But under the provisions of a bill rushed through the Alberta legislature by Premier Jason Kenney’s Conservative government late last year, an individual in that province who has been found guilty of trespassing is now subject to a fine of up to $10,000 for a first offence—plus six months in jail. A second offence is now subject to a fine of up to $25,000, plus a further six months in jail. An organization involved in sponsoring or directing an act of trespass is subject to a fine of up to $200,000. If one is deemed to have gained access under “false pretenses” (for example, by falsely saying as you start a job at a pig farm that you have no intention of taking photographs of any animals being abused), one is subject to the same penalties. Why prescribe such harsh punishments for such a minor offence? The key is in another part of the bill, where it is specified that such penalties apply even when property is not fenced off and no notices forbidding trespassing have been posted—if the offence occurs on farmland or “on land that is used for the raising of and maintenance of animals.” Alberta’s Bill 27 is legislation of a sort familiar to many Americans as “ag gag” legislation—legislation intended to gag those who would inform the general public of what goes on behind the closed doors of the agricultural operations where the 10 billion or so mammals and birds killed every year in North America for human food live out their brief, unhappy lives. As in many other North American jurisdictions, such operations in Alberta are in practice exempt from almost all provisions of animal cruelty legislation. Typically, such legislation prohibits only the causing of “unnecessary” pain, suffering or injury to an animal, and in many jurisdictions any practice is allowed if it can be classed as part of “generally accepted” practices of animal management or animal husbandry. Given that those have for decades included such practices as confining sows in crates so small that the animals can never turn around, and confining egg-laying hens to cages in which they each have no more than 67 square inches of living space, a phrase such as “generally accepted practices” leaves a lot of room for cruelty. But not enough room to satisfy the animal agriculture lobby. Over the past decade and more, undercover operations at animal agriculture facilities across North America have revealed horrific examples both of what constitutes “generally accepted practice” and of abuses that exceed anything that could possibly be described as “necessary cruelty” or “generally accepted practice.” As Camille Labchuk, executive director of the organization Animal Justice, has pointed out, “whistleblowing employees are often the only way the public has to monitor the conditions animals endure on modern farms.” Alberta is not the only province that has moved to criminalize such whistleblowing; in the province of Ontario Premier Doug Ford’s Conservative government has just introduced similar legislation. In doing so, the two provinces are following in the footsteps of the many American states that have passed such legislation (in three of which the legislation has been ruled unconstitutional—legal battles continue elsewhere). At stake is not only the treatment of non-human animals, important though that is; it is also freedom of speech. A society in which whistleblowers are prevented from drawing the attention of the public to horrific abuses is a society that gives license to the powerful to do anything they please. But surely, many may say, property owners have a right to do as they please on their own property; should we not do everything we can to protect that right? Perhaps the best response to such arguments is to imagine a situation in which those being abused are not calves and piglets and chicks but puppies and kittens—or human children. In any such scenario it becomes clear that we instinctively feel private property rights to be far outweighed by those of the general public. The public in such cases has a right to know—and the public has as well a responsibility to do everything possible to stop the abuse. (That’s particularly the case given that agricultural operations enjoy the benefits of considerable government subsidies in almost every North American jurisdiction.) Yet Governments in Alberta and Ontario—just like governments in many American states—are doing everything possible to keep the public from knowing what’s going on—and nothing whatsoever to stop the cruelty. Animal activist and free speech groups are likely to challenge the constitutionality of the Canadian laws, just as such legislation has been challenged in America. But it is hard to keep up; though the issue receives little coverage in the mainstream media, in America the problem has been getting worse rather than better. Ag gag laws have been attempted in a total of 28 states; they have now become law in a total of at least 11. Even in Iowa, where the state ag gag law was ruled unconstitutional in January 2019, the legislature within two months managed to pass a new ag gag bill. And in some states with ag gag laws—notably, North Carolina—the legislation is worded so broadly as to deter whistleblowing in almost any industry in almost any context. Today’s media give a good deal of attention to alleged threats to freedom of speech coming from progressives on university campuses; it is time more attention was paid to these far more serious threats to freedom of speech that are coming from industry and from government. Labels: ag gag laws, Alberta ag gag, Animal Justice, Camille Labchuk, Doug Ford, free speech, Jason Kenney, Ontario ag gag, private property Baseball Hall of Fame Criteria It's too seldom noticed that, of the six criteria to be considered when deciding who should be admitted to the baseball Hall of Fame, three have nothing to do with anything that can be measured by WAR: Voting shall be based upon the player's record, playing ability, integrity, sportsmanship, character, and contributions to the team(s) on which the player played. Far from being unreasonable, keeping the likes of Curt Schilling out of the Hall of Fame is standing up for what's most important--in sports, and also in life. Larry Walker, we celebrate your entry into baseball's Hall of Fame! Labels: baseball Hall of Fame, character, Curt Schilling. Hall of Fame Criteria, Hall of Fame, integrity, Larry Walker Textbook Prices Columbia University professor Tim Wu published an interesting piece in The New York Times this week on textbook prices. I sent the following letter to the editor; The Times has not published it, so I'll post it here. Tim Wu is absolutely right that many university textbook publishers have been ripping off students for years ("How Professors Help Rip Off Students: Textbooks Are Too Expensive," Dec. 12). Some large publishers in particular have long made a practice of setting hugely inflated prices for bound book textbooks—and then turning around and saying to academics—"but look! We can offer you digital products much more cheaply.” (What they don’t draw attention to is that these digital products increase their profit margins by killing off the used book market.) But before concluding that the only choices are between overpriced bound book textbooks and digital options that often offer lower quality and less flexibility than they seem to promise, I would encourage academics not to tar all publishers with the same brush. Smaller and mid-sized independent publishers such as Hackett, Broadview, and Norton (as well as several university presses) have for many years offered high quality textbooks at reasonable prices in both bound book and e-book formats—and we continue to do so. Canada's Green Party - Which Way Forward? In his Nov. 8 Globe and Mail column, Gary Mason puts forward the interesting argument that the Green Party of Canada should either merge with the NDP or “try to build a broader, more serious platform that is palatable to a greater cross-section of Canadians.” By taking this latter path, Mason suggests, “the Greens in Germany reinvented themselves” to become a major player on that country’s political scene. Let’s look more closely at the German experience. The Greens in that country have indeed been riding high in the polls, and they have indeed put forward a broad, serious platform. But have they done so primarily in the way that Mason suggests—by watering down their environmentalism in order to make themselves “more attractive to centrist voters”? That's highly debatable. The German Greens recognize—as, in Canada, even the Green Party is sometimes hesitant to do—that fighting climate change and protecting our future isn’t only a matter of reducing the production and consumption of fossil fuels. In particular, they recognize that industrial animal agriculture is damaging to human health in a wide variety of ways, and is responsible for a very significant percentage of global warming. Here are some highlights from the German Green Party’s set of agricultural policies (which together form a central part of their overall program): We will replace intensive factory farming over the next twenty years by livestock welfare-centred husbandry. We will enforce higher animal welfare standards by law, based on the needs of animals, and on ending agonising breeding techniques and intensive animal farming. … We will restructure Europe’s tax billions to ensure that environmental protection and animal welfare become new income opportunities for farmers, because the new agriculture will depend on these farmers. A German Green party spokesperson recently confirmed that the party supports increased taxes on meat consumption, with the proceeds being directed to improving animal welfare. In all this, the German Greens are considerably bolder than the Green Party in Canada—which is currently the only major Canadian party to engage at all seriously with the damage done by industrial agriculture. (The NDP echoes the Liberals, the Conservatives, and the Bloc in their enthusiastic defence of the status quo in the Canadian agriculture sector—including massive subsidies to animal agriculture.) A few years ago things were different for the Greens in Germany; in 2013 their support fell dramatically when they proposed a once-a-week Veggie Day, on which cafeterias would be required to offer only vegetarian choices. The change in the party’s fortunes is partly a result of having pulled back on coercive policies of that sort. But it’s also a result of real changes in public opinion. Germans may still be opposed to any party trying to tell them they can’t eat meat on any given day. But many seem no longer to be opposed to putting a price on the damage done by industrial animal agriculture. Slowly—ever so slowly—Canadians may be starting to move in the same direction. A 2018 survey by Sylvain Charlebois of Canadians’ eating habits reported that 7.1% of Canadians self-identify as vegetarian, with over 2% of those being vegan. (By comparison, just 3% self-identified as vegetarian in 2003.) A further 10.2% described themselves as “flexitarian” or as having a “primarily vegetarian diet”; that’s over 17% either vegan, vegetarian, or flexitarian. And of those Canadians who do eat meat, fully 51% reported that they were willing to consider reducing their meat intake. I would argue that the Canadian Greens should be gently encouraging Canadians to move in just those sorts of directions. The Greens should take the lead not only in calling for an end to government subsidies for the fossil fuel industry, but in doing the same when it comes to animal agriculture. And the new Green leader (whoever he or she may be) should speak to us as individuals as well, pointing out that we’re all in this together, that our governments can’t do it all, and that, just as we should all do what we can to reduce our impact when it comes to driving, flying, and heating our homes, so too should we do what we can for our environment, our health, and our children’s future when it comes to choosing what we eat and drink, what we wear, how we live our lives. The German Greens have been doing just that—and public opinion now seems finally to have caught up with them. Labels: agriculture policy, climate change, diet, flexetarian, Gary Mason, German Green Party, global warming, Globe and Mail, Green Party of Canada, vegan, vegetarian How to Be Good with Words cover, How to Be Good with Words Rising Stories cover, Rising Stories: A Novel Chicago: Vacation City Poster discussed in Chapter 7 of Rising Stories Animals - American edition Animals - Canadian edition Don LePan	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line45
__label__wiki	0.755203	0.755203	Stage Left: Christina West January 24 - March 8, 2018 In this immersive installation, Christina A. West integrates figurative sculptures into a space that is suggestive of a house, playfully alluding to the idea of the home as a stage set. “Stage left” is a term used in theatre to direct actors as they move around the stage. Though a term traditionally used to orient, it is used here as a foil to highlight the viewer’s disorientation within the fabricated space, while reinforcing theatrical associations with the installation. As people move through the gallery, spaces recede and reflect, sometimes offering a glimpse into another room, sometimes reflecting back the space one is in, and occasionally reflecting a reflection. Additionally, exposed studs on one side of each wall create a sense of front and back (or stage and backstage) that shifts throughout the gallery. Objects such as sheets, blinds, and picture frames conjure the context of the home, charging this “stage” with a sense of a private space. As viewers bend, squat, and peek around corners to view tableaus, their own reflections appear throughout the space highlighting their participation in the scenes. 10,000 Shards of Bliss (the rhythm that forgets itself) For his film installation at The University of Tennessee Knoxville’s Downtown Gallery, in conjunction with the 2018 Big Ears Festival, Los Angeles based collage film artist Lewis Klahr will present a looped, rotating selection of his films that explore the vicissitudes of time and memory. Lewis Klahr uses found images and sound to explore the intersection of memory and history. He is primarily known for his uniquely idiosyncratic films, which he began creating in 1977 and has screened extensively in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Lewis Klahr teaches in the Theater School of the California Institute of the Arts and is represented by The Anthony Reynolds Gallery, London. On the Fringe of Conformity: Clarence Morgan This exhibition of drawings and paintings explore linear patterns that operate in a pictorial space. Utilizing random shapes and biomorphic forms within an intricate network of drawing, collage elements, and subtle color, Morgan's work ranges from highly patterned organic painting compositions to meticulously articulated and somewhat minimal collage-drawings. A native of Philadelphia, PA, Clarence Morgan has been a professor in the Department of Art at the University of Minnesota since 1992. Every day, Knox County art teachers devote their time and energy to cultivating creativity and critical skills in their students. For more than a decade, ARTSOURCE, the exhibition dedicated solely to Knox County art educators, has given these same teachers an opportunity to nourish and showcase their own artistic talents. Celebrating the Life and Art of Kimberly D. Iles Kimberly D. Iles was known for her vivacity, generosity of spirit, and passion for the arts. She graduated with honors from the University of Tennessee in 1990, earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. As a graphic designer, she poured her talent and energy into her work for clients ranging from Oak Ridge National Laboratories to the White House tech corps, and started her own very successful design firm, Ilesnet Design. She designed a web-based textbook – the first of its kind – for the Computational Science Education Project, a K-12 educational program to teach the principles of high-performance computing. She later transitioned into a full-time career in fine art, exhibiting her paintings and photographs in juried shows around the world. Iles and her husband, Dr. James J. Hack, established the Kimberly D. Iles Art Scholarship Endowment in 2015. The endowment supports multiple scholarships awarded annually to undergraduate students in the School of Art. Alumni in the Permanent Collection The Dirty Dozen - First Year MFA Exhibition August 31 - September 1, 2018 Exhibiting students are: Alissa Walls, Washington & Lee University Quynh Nguyen Duc Diem, University of Architecture, Ho Chi Minh City Erin Wohletz, University of Nevada-Reno Mary Climes, Art Institute of Chicago Gina Stucchio, University of South Florida Kate Clark, University of Minnesota- Twin Cities Conor G. McGrann, Syracuse University Nyasha Madamombe, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Zimbabwe Lauren Terry, VCU Lilly Saywitz, Boston University Kelsie Conley, VCU Jake Miller, Western Illinois University Ben Seamons The UT Downtown Gallery is pleased to present an exhibition of work by Ben Seamons. Ben received his MFA in Painting from the University of Tennessee in 2012. He passed away in 2016, and this exhibition is in celebration of his life. Chakaia Booker: Auspicious Behavior Sculptor Chakaia Booker fuses ecological concerns with explorations of racial and economic difference, globalization, and gender by recycling discarded tires into complex assemblages. Booker began to integrate discarded construction materials into large, outdoor sculptures in the early 1990s. Tires resonate with her for their versatility and rich range of historical and cultural associations. Booker slices, twists, weaves, and rivets this medium into radically new forms and textures, which easily withstand outdoor environments. Face To Face - Joseph Delaney Death Rock City: Dannielle Tegeder Featuring new and recent work, Death Rock City examines how New York artist Dannielle Tegeder challenges the two-dimensional boundaries of traditional painting through the integration of animation, sculpture into her work. Dannielle Tegeder earned her BFA from the State University of New York at Purchase and her MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. She has had solo gallery exhibitions in Paris, Berlin, New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston and participated in numerous group exhibitions at PS1/MoMA, The New Museum, The Brooklyn Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.Her work is in the collections of a number of museums including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago, and the Weatherspoon Art Museum at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. New Topology: Paul Krainak March 7 - March 29, 2014 "Topology" employs elements of early modern logic and its attendant forms in art and technology. It considers aesthetic and industrial incentives originating in rural America and calls into question modernism's strictly urban mythology. Grids, cruciforms, and wood grain details are embedded in extended patterns calling to mind Constructivist and Bauhaus Schools' principals of industrial hybridity and utopianism. But the site of industry here is agriculture with distilled forms taken from domestic textile design, land management diagrams, and vernacular architecture. Paul Krainak is an artist, critic, and Chair of the Art Department at Bradley University. As one of the Dogwood Arts Festival's featured exhibits, NEXUS, showcases national and international artists working in contemporary sculpture and 3D media. Indoor sculptures comprising all styles and genres from emerging and established artists will be selected by esteemed professor, Laticia Bajuyo, for exhibition at the University of Tennessee's Downtown Gallery. MFA Exhibition: Eric Cagley http://www.ericcagley.com Marion Greenwood in Tennessee Marion Greenwood in Tennessee features her mural of the history of Tennessee music painted for the University Center at the University of Tennessee in 1954; "The Partnership of Man and Nature," a WPA mural painted in 1940, graciously loaned by the Crossville, TN Post Office; preparatory sketches loaned by UT Special Collections; and lithographs from the permanent collection of the Ewing Gallery of Art and Architecture. Ask Me, I can Help. An exhibition of the incoming class of 2017 MFA candidates. Twelve student artists feature their current work as they begin their graduate studies at the University of Tennessee, School of Art. Exhibiting students are: Corinna Ray, Anna Wehrwein, Jing Qin, Josh Shorey, Jessica Gatlin, Abigail Lucien, Elysia Mann, Adam Higgins, Meg Erlewine, Geoff Silvis, Chris Spurgin, and Bailey Davenport. AIR of UT Air of UT is an exhibition of the Limited Box Edition project, curated by artists Wade Guyton '95, Josh Smith '98, and Meredyth Sparks '94. The Limited Box Edition project is part of a fund raising campaign to support the School of Art's Artist-in-Residence in Painting and Drawing program. Now in its 32nd year, the Artist-in-Residence (A.I.R.) program enriches a student's experience by bringing a different artist to spend the semester teaching undergraduate and graduate students. The resident artists are selected because they have launched successful careers in the contemporary gallery and museum world nationally and internationally. They furnish students with significant role models and faculty with new professional connections beyond Knoxville. Each of the organizing alumni -- Wade Guyton, Meredyth Sparks, and Josh Smith -- benefited from this program, and have asked their former School of Art peers as well as past Artists in Residence to contribute images to the three curated portfolios making up the Limited Box Edition. AIR of UT and the Limited Box Edition is a celebration of the legacy and impact of the Artist in Residence program on the School of Art and its graduates. DeWitt Godfrey: Drawings, Proposals, Plans, Models, Diagrams, Documents DeWitt Godfrey is a Professor of sculpture in the department of Art and Art History at Colgate. Godfrey completed his undergraduate work at Yale University, was a member of the inaugural group of CORE Fellows at the MFA Houston, and received his MFA from Edinburgh College of Art, Edinburgh, Scotland. He is the recipient of numerous grants and fellowships, including a National Endowment for the Arts Artist's Fellowship, a New York Foundation for the Arts Artists Fellowship, a Japan Foundation Artist's Fellowship, and a Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Artist Fellowship. His work is in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas and the Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York. His commissioned work includes "Concordia" for Lexarts, Lexington, KY; "Waverly Place" Cambridge Arts Council; "Greenwich South" a visioning exercise by the Downtown Alliance, New York, NY and installations at Frederik Meijer Garden and Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, MI; The DeCordova Museum and Sculpture Park, Lincoln, MA; and the Kennedy Art Museum, Ohio University, Athens, OH. Louis Chan: My Home My Home is an on-going project aimed to help define my identity as a Chinese American and attempt to preserve generations of memories and experiences of Chinese immigrants through photography. My Home serves as a contemporary marker for Chinese Americans to reflect on the hopes, dreams, and sacrifices made for them by older generations in order for their children to have a chance of a better life in America. Of A Feather Artists throughout history have found inspiration in the form of birds. Man imbued birds with mystical and religious meaning due to their fascinating ability to exist in two worlds – the earthly world, and the sky, or heavenly realm. Drawn primarily from the Ewing Gallery’s permanent collection, Of a Feather features works from historic and contemporary artists who represent birds in a diverse assortment of styles. While some artists approach the bird as studies of simplified form others utilize strategies of space and distance to take a more poetic or analytical look at the economic and social issues attached to birds. Works range from hyperrealism to whimsical to abstract. This exhibition incorporates a number of artists of artists from New York and Chicago including Keith Haring, Michael Kirk, Keith Long, Diane Churchill, and Laurie Hogin; regional artists, Howard Finster, Todd Johnson, Kelly Hider, Heather Middlebrooks, Gary Monroe, and Richard Jolley, as well as distinguished faculty from the University of Tennessee – Jered Sprecher, Diane Fox, Beauvais Lyons, Marcia Goldenstein, Don Kurka, Bill Kennedy, Clark Stewart and Byron McKeeby. The artworks on display consider themes of scientific inquiry, symbolism, environmental consciousness, and the rituals of birding, among others. The exhibition is in tribute to the late artist Ellen Lanyon who often used images of birds in her art. In the summer of 2013, six students accompanied Ewing Gallery director, Sam Yates to New York, Philadelphia, Boston, New Haven, and Washington DC. They visited major art museums, had studio visits with artists, and learned about the contemporary art world. The work on display was inspired by their travels. The exhibiting students are, Alexandra Gellis, Eric Cagley, Brandon Donahue, Sarah Campbell, Jessica Beeler, and Kelly Householder. Chad Curtis: Panorama of Desire Chad D. Curtis is an artist and technologist living and working in Philadelphia. Drawing inspiration from both digital technology and homebrew DIY makers, Curtis's work examines the abstraction of materiality in the digital age and the effects of high technology on the relationship between human beings and the natural environment. Curtis has exhibited internationally, including more than fifty solo and group exhibitions in the past ten years. He holds an M.F.A. from Alfred University and is an Associate Professor at the Tyler School of Art, Temple University. William Lamson: Fieldwork William Lamson is a Brooklyn-based artist who works in video, photography, performance, and sculpture. His work is in the collections of the Brooklyn Museum, the Dallas Museum of Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, and a number of private collections. Since graduating from the Bard M.F.A. program in 2006, his work has been shown at the Indianapolis Museum of Art, the Brooklyn Museum, P.S.1 MOMA, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Santa Fe, among others. Lamson is currently working on two installations for Storm King Art Center in Mountainville, New York. March 25 - April 6, 2013 As one of the Dogwood Arts Festival's featured exhibits, NEXUS, showcases national and international artists working in contemporary sculpture and 3D media. Indoor sculptures comprising all styles and genres from emerging and established artists were selected by nationally recognized juror, Durant Thompson, for exhibition at the University of Tennessee's Downtown Gallery. Durant Thompson is an Associate Professor of sculpture in the Department of Art at the University of Mississippi. In 1997, Durant received a BFA in Sculpture from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and in 2001 he earned an MFA in Sculpture from Louisiana State University. He has also worked at The Johnson Atelier School of Technical Sculpture in New Jersey and at the University of Southern Mississippi as a technician and instructor before accepting his current position. MFA: Greg Daiker, Alex Merchant, Shelly O'Barr, and Neil Ward Knoxville Watercolor Society 50th Anniversary Exhibition June 7 - 29, 2013 The KWS celebrates its 50th anniversary with an exhibition of works by the current members as well as highlighting the founding members: Robert Birdwell, Ted Burnett, Richard Clarke, Kermit "Buck" Ewing, George Galloway, Martha Godwin, Arlene Goff, David Joyner, Josephine Mayo, Margaret Scanlan, Walter "Holly" Stevens, Carl Sublett, and Betsy Worden. Print Resonance Fifty graduate students and faculty members at five universities: the University of Alberta, Canada; the University of Tennessee, Knoxville; the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Antwerp, Belgium; Silpakorn University, Thailand and Musashino Art University, Tokyo, Japan created prints specifically for this project. The participating artists made their prints on the same size paper, allowing the viewer to focus on the image, rather than the scale of the work. The audience is encouraged to consider the artistic expression from each university and to find commonality across geographic and cultural borders, as the printmakers share ideas about their own interests, lives, and values. The works were created using various print techniques, which include inkjet, etching, drypoint, chine-colle, lithography, woodcut, intaglio and blind printing. This portfolio is a limited edition of 10 copies, two for each of the five universities, with the goal of further development of printmaking education around the globe. The University of Tennessee Downtown Gallery is excited to present "20 Years Later, UTK School of Art, MFA Class of 1993." This exhibition features the work of 14 MFA artists from the UTK School of Art Class of 1993. Artist's will be displaying work that is current or important in their journey in fine arts over the last 20 years. The UT MFA program attracts students from different regions of the United States as exemplified in this exhibition, which include artists from Mississippi, Florida, Minnesota, New York, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee. Artists included in the exhibition: Scott Palmer -- Ceramics, Annette Bongers - Ceramics, Melody Reeves -- Printmaking, Rob Tarbell -- Painting, Eric Fracassi -- Sculpture, David Deitrick -- Graphic Design, Eric Smith -- Graphic Design, Joel House -- Sculpture, Melanie McLaughlin -- Graphic Design, Kris Rehring Jones -- Graphic Design, Debi Henry Danielson -- Painting, Brad Cantrell -- Ceramics, Laurie Robichaux -- Ceramics, Earl Watson -- Graphic Design. Echo of the Object "Echo of the Object" is an exhibition by the artists and Ball State faculty members: Hannah Barnes, Jennifer Halvorson, David Hannon, and Jacinda Russell. This exhibition will bring together several series of works in drawing, painting, photography, and sculpture. Each body of work explores how objects of symbolic or personal significance play a role in the construction of memory, identity, and meaning. The metaphor of containment is a consistent theme in each artist's work, both in the use of objects whose literal function is to contain (bags, jars, boxes), and also in the suggestion that seemingly insignificant objects have a certain capacity to become filled with meaning. Time, humor, absurdity, the domestic, and the everyday are additional themes this exhibition will seek to explore. Ossuary: A project by Lorrie Beth Clarke Three hundred artists have contributed to Ossuary. Their work, in many media, includes single bones, clusters of bones, and art works inspired by, using, or playing with the idea of bones. These bones are political statements and personal elegies, memorials to individuals and statements about mortality. They represent connections to our ancestors and/or to our descendants. Some works are serious and some use bones in a completely playful manner. Ossuary was developed in response to the repositories of bones that have accrued in countries like Cambodia and Rwanda, but Ossuary is not a project about those traumas. Rather, Ossuary offers a poignant counter-image to mass violence. It is a project about the hope that art brings. Images and statements for all the bone works from this iteration can be found online at www.ossuaries.net. Ossuary is a cummulative traveling project. It began in Madison, Wisconsin. Artists interested in contributing bones to future exhibitions should write to ossuaries@gmail.com. This relational project was initiated and developed by the artist Laurie Beth Clark. Clark, who is a Professor in the Art Department at the University of Wisconsin, has shown work in galleries, museums, theatres, and public spaces in North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Extensive documentation of prior projects can be found at www.lbclark.net. AAA 75th Anniversary Print Portfolio This is the first digitally produced portfolio published by American Abstract Artists. All past portfolios—1937, 1987, 1997—were produced using various forms of lithography and means of transferring image to plate. Unlike traditional printmaking, the digital inkjet process does not involve a physical matrix from which ink is transferred to paper. This marks both a technical and a conceptual shift in printmaking. Our choice of the medium situates this portfolio squarely in the current century and is an indication of the group's forward momentum. The artists were asked to provide a digital file meeting predetermined specifications, yet no restrictions were placed on how the file could be created. The digital process enabled a wide variety of approaches that include abstract and documentary photography, scanning of flat-work made expressly for the project, digital compositing and image manipulation, as well as the use of vector-based software and hand-coded algorithms. The results are as varied as the artists' individual sensibilities.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line46
__label__wiki	0.620894	0.620894	Imagework Built in 1902 construction was aided by a temporary cable car from the cliff installed for the transport of workers and building materials to an iron ocean platform adjacent to the lighthouse. 3,660 tons of Cornish granite were used in the construction of the tower. For more than 80 years, the red-and-white striped tower was manned by three lighthouse keepers. Their primary job was to maintain the revolving light, which was then visible 26 nautical miles out to sea. For most of the 20th century cooking was done on a solid-fuel range and the accommodation was lit by paraffin lamps. Electricity first reached the lighthouse in 1975, whereupon an electric lamp was installed in the optic. The pier at Eastbourne, located on the East Sussex Coast. ‘A little English seaside town, as ridiculous as these sorts of places always are… too many draughts and too much music.’ Claude Debussy, 1905. It was here, on the South Coast, that Debussy completed the proofs of his masterpiece La Mer, spending the summer in the Grand Hotel while continuing his clandestine affair with Emma Bardac, discretely registered as Mrs Debussy. He stated 'its a peaceful and charming spot' where he could 'relax like an animal' Built in 1902 construction was aided by a temporary cable car from the cliff installed for the transport of workers and building materials to an iron ocean platform adjacent to the lighthouse. 3,660 tons of Cornish granite were used in the construction of the tower. For more than 80 years, the red-and-white striped tower was manned by three lighthouse keepers. Their primary job was to maintain the revolving light, which was then visible 26 nautical miles out to sea. For most of the 20th century cooking was done on a solid-fuel range and the accommodation was lit by paraffin lamps. Cuckmere The Seven Sisters Cliffs and Coastguard Cottages showing Cuckmere Haven. "In September 1783 gangs of 200 or 300 men arrived at Cuckmere Haven twice within a week and defiantly carried off their goods, despite opposition and the fact that the sea was extremely rough. A contemporary newspaper reported that it was quite common to see a dozen smuggling vessels lying off the coast in broad daylight at this time”. Numerous shipwrecks at Beachy Head in the 17th and 18th Centuries eventuated in the construction of the Belle Tout Lighthouse. Completed in 1834, its use of 30 oil lamps meant that the lighthouse required two gallons of oil every hour. Unfortunately its cliff top location caused visibility issues when the sea mists obscured the light, obviously problematic for a lighthouse, and it was decommissioned in 1902. Erosion over the years meant the entire lighthouse had to be relocated in 1999. © Imagework 2014 \| +44 (0)20 3397 2628	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line47
__label__wiki	0.765208	0.765208	Gander Streets Egdar Baird by Frank Tibbo When the Town Council of Gander named a street in honour of Edgar Baird, they recognized one of the true pioneers of the town. Baird, who first came to Gander in the spring of 1948, was one of the first to realize that something had to be done to accommodate the people stuffed in buildings surrounding the airport, and he lobbied the government to establish a permanent town site near the Gander Airport. He then went on to become the first chairman of the Local Improvement District and the first to complete a house in what was to become the Town of Gander. (His house was built in conjunction with the Veterans Land Act Administration, an agency of the Federal Department of Veterans' Affairs. Although not directly concerned with the establishment of the Town site, Veterans’ small holdings were established just outside the original Town site limit before 1950 and were included in the Municipal Area when the Local Improvement District was established.) Prior to World War II and prior to there being a Gander, Edgar Baird was involved with the use of aircraft, especially as it related to the Newfoundland forests. It was about this time that he had considerable influence in persuading the Newfoundland government to use aircraft to help protect the forests. He is considered the pioneer in the use of aircraft for combating forest fires in Newfoundland. He was born in Campbelton, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, on May 28, 1911. He attended the one-room school in Angle Brook, finished Grade XI and went on to Memorial College. Next came a combined interest in flying and forests. In 1935 he was appointed the Chief Woods Ranger of Newfoundland by the Governor on a recommendation from London and stayed in the position until 1937. During that period, he was flown around by Doug Fraser (Fraser Road, Gander). Fraser and Cliff Kent (Kent Place, Gander) were the two pilots employed with Imperial Airways. That company, among other things, conducted on behalf of the Geodetic Survey of Canada, an aerial survey of Newfoundland in 1937. War changes a lot of lives, and Edgar Baird's was no exception. His first thought in 1939, considering his knowledge and experience, was to join the Overseas Forestry Unit. He volunteered and was appointed District Superintendent with the Newfoundland Overseas Forestry Unit in Scotland. He took charge of the largest contingent of men ever to sail from Newfoundland in any service. John Arrowsmith, Lieut. Commander in the Royal Navy wrote to Captain Jack Turner, O.B.E., Officer in Charge of the Newfoundland Forestry Unit: "Dear Sir, I have had the honour of being Liaison Officer to Mr. Edgar Baird of the Newfoundland Forestry Unit on a voyage from St. John's, Newfoundland to the United Kingdom. Mr. Baird was in charge of nearly a thousand Newfoundland Foresters and their conduct and behaviour was so exemplary that I feel it a duty to bring this to your notice." F.H. Daicokovski, Master of the "Chrobry" on which the men were transported, wrote a similar letter. Three months later, while the "Chrobry" was engaged in the Norwegian campaign, it was sunk with all hands. _ As did many other Newfoundlanders, Baird decided to apply for a transfer to the Royal Air Force. The RAF accepted him in April 1941, and he received his officer's commission as soon as he earned his RAF pilot's wings in 1942. He must have impressed the RAF because they decided to keep him at the training school as a flying instructor. First it was on twin-engine aircraft at Service Flying Training Units and later on Advanced Flying Training Units. He eventually taught pilots the intricacies of "blind" flying in Beam Approach Training ("BAT") School. Baird's natural modesty comes through in this statement: "That's all we did. We'd take the pilot out and get him lost, and we'd teach him how to get back on instruments. Not much to it, really, when you know how." His wife, the former Mary Snartt, was the secretary to the Newfoundland Trade Commission in London when they married in 1944. When you are in the military, you do as you are told. Baird was told that his unit, RAF No. 33 Service Flying Training School, was being transferred to Manitoba. "The works of us were shipped off – the whole station: cooks, mechanics, dishwashers, instructors, to train RAF pilots in Canada!" The reason was the weather, more space, the danger in England, and available airfields in Canada. The RAF also sent whole units to Rhodesia. In March 1944, Baird was sent back to England again. This time he was sure he was going to be assigned to bombers because the Allies were involved with the massive bomber raids on Germany. But he was told that he was needed to continue to give advanced training to pilots who needed instrument flying training. By war's end, he had obtained the rank of Flight Lieutenant. When he returned to Newfoundland, he naturally gravitated toward the woods operation and Bowaters hired him as a superintendent of their woods operation. He stayed with them from 1946 to 1948; but their philosophies were far apart. "After a while I couldn't stand the sight of Bowaters and Bowaters couldn't stand the sight of me so we parted company." Edgar has been one of the most articulate and thoughtful advocates that this province has known. His passion for the cause of establishing a town for Gander Airport residents can be determined by reading the following excerpts from a full page article in dated February 16, 1950. “Gander is to air transportation what Suez or Panama is to shipping. Gander is the crossroads of the world. ... There is no menace to Gander's future unless an earthquake should throw up another island some hundreds of miles further out in the Atlantic, or unless some artificial and manmade restrictions forbid its use. If, for instance, the people of this new province are prepared to sit idly by and allow the Air Transport Board to barter our position and importance for the privilege of getting T.C.A. a run to New York. ... If you lose your job or change your job you lose your home. What is even worse is that no one is allowed to build a home within five miles of Gander. That is a restriction laid on during the war and may have been necessary. It is kept on still, for God knows what reason. ... There are many people who wish to build their homes here. That can surely be no crime. ... What we want at Gander is a free town with simple, democratic constitutions, where the rule is the rule of the majority; where a man may own his own home on his own land and engage in any business or occupation he may choose within the laws of the land and the bylaws of the town; where private enterprise will be encouraged, not prohibited; where home building, cultivation and improvement will be counted a virtue, not a crime, and above all where freedom and democracy will rule.” (The Evening Telegram, 1950) It wasn't long before Baird went back to flying. On July 14, 1947, he obtained Senior Commercial Pilot's Licence No. 8 from the Newfoundland government's Civil Aviation Division of the Department of Public Works. (After Newfoundland joined Canada, he was issued a Canadian licence – No. SC-47.) Speed Baird (no relation), Ewan Boyd and Chuck Heron, an American, formed Terra Nova Aviation. "Speed and Ewan were also pilots, but they had other jobs; so I was the only full-time pilot on the Piper Cruiser. Later we got a four-seater Stinson. Our company got contracts from the Fire Patrol of Newfoundland, an association of Bowaters, A.N.D. and the Newfoundland government." "It was while I was flying with Terra Nova Aviation that I saw Joey Smallwood for the first time. We used Deadman’s Pond quite a bit. One day I landed there and there was this poor bedraggled fellow looking for a lift to the airport, I had left a vehicle there so I gave him a lift. I asked him who he was and he said 'I'm Joe Smallwood' Now there was a great deal of talk about Smallwood at that time and I asked him if he was Joe E. Smallwood that we hear so much about and he said, 'yes but it's Joey not Joe. E.” “I flew him around a few times. They put a loud-speaker in the aircraft that I was flying; and as we got close to the place where he would be speaking that night, I would fly over the town and he'd announce over the loud speaker where the meeting would be that night. The loud speaker came in handy a few times. Once I was returning from St. Anthony flying south along the east coast of the Great Northern Peninsula and seeing all those poor little schooners struggling through the ice up north. I used to fly over them and tell them where the ice was – wasn't supposed to be doing it of course.” "I then went flying for Newfoundland Airways for a couple of years, which was owned by Maritime Central. There were three of us, Carl Fisher, an American, Joe MacGillvery and me." (The Evening Telegram, 1950) He also purchased a Fox Moth (CF-BNM) on skis and floats from Carl Burke. "I paid sixteen hundred dollars for it, used it for two years and sold it for the same price. I needed the money for a truck." Baird started Caribou Cabins around 1949 and operated it for five or six years. He also formed Gander Lumber Company around 1954, a lumber business and building supplies company. That lasted for about 15 years and got a contract for exporting wood to Italy, Spain and England from Carmanville. Gander Lumber Company built quite a few houses in Gander with Phil Gillett as chief foreman and had as many as 50 people in the construction business and approximately 200 people working at the pulpwood. "We did very well with the pulp wood business but the government came up with a law that in order to get the pulpwood contracts again it was necessary to harvest the large trees and have a saw mill. I built a saw mill and it burned after a very short time and there was no insurance carried." (The Evening Telegram, 1950) It was interesting to find out why the first houses were built on what is now Memorial Drive, an area already under construction when the government decided to build a town site for those living around the airport. It seems that the Canadian Army in Gander during the war were worried about depending on the rail-road as the only transportation link between Gander and Lewisporte. (The port of Lewisporte was the only source of fuel for the aircraft.) They decided to build a road and started on both ends and in the middle. They were stopped because the opposition party in Ottawa complained that roads were being built unnecessarily in a foreign country out of taxpayers’ money. It is also possible that approval had not been received from the appropriate authorities. The result was that when the construction was stopped; there were two or three pieces of road going nowhere. "I had been suggesting to the authorities that we be given permission to build houses under the Veterans Land Act (VLA). The road that the army had started ('Glenwood Road' and now 'Memorial Drive') seemed to be an ideal location and we eventually got land grants and started to build. People "told us we were nuts." My house was the first of six to be finished followed soon by Ernest Peyton, Elmo Baird, Charlie Taylor, Scotty Tulk and Bob Walsh. We moved from Building 2 on the American Side to our new our house in June, 1951." "Al Vivian, the general manager of CMHC, approached me and asked me if I would serve on the Local Improvement District, the others were Rex Tilley representing Transport, Bob Walsh and a representative from CMHC." Baird went on to become the first chairman, an office equivalent to that of mayor." (The Evening Telegram, 1950) One of Baird's biggest concerns was for the town to develop as one cohesive unit. "… rather than a number of 'half-assed' villages – we already had Union East, Radio Range, Plumberville, Hillcrest and other budding villages. I am glad that we succeeded, and I believe that everyone is. It is noteworthy that in Gander there is no Snob Lane and no slum area. Incidentally, we (the Local Improvement District Board of Trustees) condemned to death a proposal by some Ottawa bureaucrat that the town should be named AIRLANDIA!" "You'll notice that I never seemed to stick with a job very long, the job of Chief Woods Ranger was one of the best jobs in Newfoundland, but I left that and went with the Island Timber Company. I suppose I should have stayed with a government job, then I could have had a pension, but I almost considered it a form of slavery, having to work for someone else." (The Evening Telegram, 1950) Ed note, also read; When Time Was Ripe For A New Town Site Contributed by F. Tibbo	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line49
__label__cc	0.741018	0.258982	Acting Resume Reels & Clips Business CV Posts Tagged "Candle Cafe" Home » Posts Tagged "Candle Cafe" I'm Single!? Posted by Gary Ploski on Apr 18, 2008 in Blog How did that happen!? All of a sudden — Poof! I’m single. The ring (displayed to the right) is gone. And it didn’t even cost me anything! No heartache. None of those money things. None.... On Stage/Film Breakfast Smoothie Time Cast to Curtain NY news Archives Select Month August 2017 July 2017 December 2016 November 2016 February 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 August 2014 July 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 April 2013 January 2013 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 December 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2004 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 August 2003 August 2002 July 2002 June 2002 May 2002 April 2002 March 2002 February 2002 January 2002 December 2001 November 2001 October 2001 September 2001 August 2001 July 2001 June 2001 May 2001 April 2001 February 2001 January 1999 July 1998 June 1998 May 1998 April 1998 March 1998 February 1998 January 1998 December 1997 November 1997 October 1997 September 1997 August 1997 July 1997	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line51
__label__wiki	0.811275	0.811275	Why Do Catholics Do That? FacebookTwitterLinkedInRssEmail IS ROE V. WADE REALLY “SETTLED LAW”? A Quarter Million Americans Just Asked the Supreme Court to Reconsider the Case By Kathy Schiffer\|2019-10-08T00:33:41+00:00October 7th, 2019\|Politics & Culture, Pro-Life\| On October 1, just days before the Supreme Court's 2019-2020 season convened on October 7, pro-life Americans unfurled a petition in front of the Court, calling for the justices to reverse the controversial Roe v. DOING BUSINESS THE RIGHT WAY: The Pro-Life and Pro-Family Way to Invest in the Stock Market By Kathy Schiffer\|2019-03-23T14:54:48+00:00March 23rd, 2019\|Books & Film, Politics & Culture, Pro-Life\| I once worked at a university where the employees' retirement plan boasted an elective "socially responsible" option. All the stocks in that plan were carefully screened to meet certain ethical guidelines: The companies demonstrated a Trey Gowdy and Tim Scott: If These Guys Can Get Along, Why Can’t the Rest of Us? By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-07-27T17:51:33+00:00July 27th, 2018\|Books & Film, Politics & Culture\| One is U.S. Representative for South Carolina's 4th Congressional District, and serves as Chair of the House Oversight Committee. The other is the junior U.S. Senator for South Carolina. One is from a well-to-do Southern For International Women’s Day: Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-03-08T03:47:10+00:00March 8th, 2018\|Politics & Culture, Pro-Life\| On Thursday, March 8, we'll celebrate International Women’s Day—a day when we focus our collective attention on the struggles of women in the fight against gender discrimination, and celebrate the economic, political and social achievements MY TWO CENTS: On Judge Roy Moore, My Old Boss, and the October Surprise By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-01-27T17:38:43+00:00November 16th, 2017\|Politics & Culture\| Unless you've been on a desert island for the past two weeks with no access to TV or radio news, you can't help but know that there have been some serious accusations against the Republican Why My Co-workers Needed the Billy Graham Rule By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-01-27T17:38:43+00:00April 4th, 2017\|Politics & Culture\| The liberal media has been all a-twitter this week at the news that Vice President Mike Pence will not dine alone with a woman except for his wife. The same outlets that were happy to AIN’T I A WOMAN? Sojourner Truth, and the Liberation of America’s Smallest Women By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-01-27T17:38:44+00:00March 8th, 2017\|Politics & Culture\| On March 8, 2011, feminists observed the centenary of International Women’s Day—a day when we remember the struggles of women in the fight against gender discrimination, and celebrate the economic, political and social achievements of Witches Plan to Cast a Spell on President Trump Tonight By Kathy Schiffer\|2017-02-24T23:53:24+00:00February 24th, 2017\|Politics & Culture\| Tonight's the night: Witches across America and around the world are planning to cast a spell on President Donald Trump and his supporters -- weakening his power and, they hope, eventually removing him from office. 7 New Planets Could Support Life? Great–Let’s Baptize the Aliens! By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-01-27T17:38:44+00:00February 23rd, 2017\|Books & Film, Politics & Culture\| Less than 40 light-years away, in the constellation Aquarius, astronomers have just discovered seven new Earth-size planets, circling a dim dwarf star named Trappist-1 -- and at least three of these rocky planets could support San Antonio Police Wear Trump Hat, Get Suspended; But D.C. Cops Wear Pink Pussy Hat, and That’s Fine. By Kathy Schiffer\|2018-01-27T17:38:44+00:00January 21st, 2017\|Politics & Culture\| Two Washington, D.C. police officers got in on the action at the Women's March in Washington on Saturday. They were in uniform, providing security for the March, and donned anti-Trump "Pink Pussy Hats" just like the protesters. Web design & hosting by Jeff Schiffer. 24/7 phone or online support and 99.9% uptime guaranteed. http://jeffschiffer.com.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line53
__label__cc	0.609774	0.390226	Sort by Post dateTitle The Antisemantics of the Word 'Jew' Submitted by Debra on Sun, 2017-08-13 22:51 Antisemantics-of-the-Word-Jew.mp3 by Pastor Mark Downey Scripture Reading: Revelation 2:9 We hear a lot about anti-Semitism, which is a misnomer in its usage, but we don’t hear anything about anti-semanticism. Semitism comes from Semite and Semite comes from Shem, the son of Noah. We are Semites carrying our genetic seedline from Adam to Christ to the present day racially pure Israelite. I thought I had invented this new term. Semantics is the study of the meaning of words. If something is ‘anti’, it is against or contrary to something and is replaced with another meaning. Such is the case with the little four letter word ‘jews’. But, I was wrong; “anti-semantics” is online and cleverly rubbing next to the fish scales of “anti-antisemitism” in the fishy-slimy Urban Dictionary. It says, “Being against the arguing of meanings or definitions of words”. And then gives an example: "Look, I just don't care if the Holocaust refers specifically to the murder of the Ashkenazi Jews or if it can be used more broadly to the Nazi's persecution of other minorities!" Who would've thunk? Of all the myriad of examples, they pick the jews. In other words, it doesn't make any difference to them if a word has been adulterated for nefarious purposes. If you google “antisemantics”, this article doesn't show until page 3 and before that it's 2 pages of whining jews. The misnomer must be defended at all costs by the jews. Read more about The Antisemantics of the Word 'Jew' Open Letter to Donald Trump Open Letter to Trump.mp3 Chairman, President and CEO c/o The Trump Organization Dear Mr. Trump, I don't know where to begin, but I need to get your immediate attention. I've noticed there are innumerable “open letters” to you and for the most part they are all hostile and grubbing for their own special interest. This is not a hostile letter, but sent in the love of Jesus Christ. You have announced to the world that you are a Christian and that really doesn't need to be equivocated by denomination. I write to you as a pastor, politically incorrect patriot and presidential advisor in the tradition of colonial election sermons. My interest is the same as yours: to make America great again. This letter may be the most important thing you ever read in your lifetime, if it can pass through the filters of campaign intercessors and reach your eyes only. Actually, if it touches your heart to love the truth of God more than anything else, my one and only goal will be fulfilled. Read more about Open Letter to Donald Trump Manufacturing Surrender Submitted by Debra on Sat, 2016-07-16 02:32 Manufacturing Surrender.mp3 Sermon notes of Pastor Mark Downey Scripture Reading: Romans 12:1-2 Where there's smoke, there's fire and where there's fire, there's light. Where there's smoke and mirrors, there's a jew and none dare call it a conspiracy. For those who wish to wave the white flag of defeatism and promise in their heart that they will no longer fight, because someone in authority says you can't, then this message is for you. For those who love the God of Creation and whose comfort zone isn't too great to exercise the mentality of a challenge to the status quo, then this message is for you also. Let's go ahead and spoil some liberal and kosher conservative's day by reciting some factual history shall we? Even though they, the republicrats, are at the heart of an insidious memory hole. America is a very unique nation in the history of mankind in an experiment to fuse God given rights with the governments of man. Most White nations in history have failed because inalienable rights have submitted to an alien authority. A vicarious power structure causes the choice between whom we will serve. “And if it seem evil unto you to serve the Lord, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord” Joshua 24:15. The Hebrew word for serve is abad (#5647) and means “to work.” For whom and for what do we labor in this life? It is “For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ” Eph. 4:12 Read more about Manufacturing Surrender An Identity Rebuttal to Jewish Voice Today Part 1: JVT is Jewish Voice Today Ministries International, which is the quintessential wolf in sheep's clothing, although it cannot mask its face or motives from the discerning and watchful eye of Christian Identity. Part 2: The two witnesses of the parable of the husbandmen and Psalms 83 clearly show how Edom, in the guise of Messianic jews, are diabolical adversaries to God and true Israel. Part 3: The extent of the jewish impersonation of Israel through manipulation of scripture and media. Part 4: This message delves into the extent of the jewish conspiracy. There's nothing that will separate us from the love of God. Read more about An Identity Rebuttal to Jewish Voice Today With Jews We Lose Submitted by Debra on Mon, 2014-11-03 22:52 With-Jews-We-Lose.mp3 The word 'jew' is the most confusing word in the Bible and it's because of those who call themselves jews who want us confused. They invented the word and we're stuck with it, like it or not. Had Rev. 2:9 been honestly translated, you would read it as Judean or Judahite, signifying only one of the twelve tribes of Israel, the tribe of Judah. Therefore, John is revealing to us the blasphemy of an entire group of people known as jews impersonating something which they cannot legitimately claim i.e. the tribe of Judah. The interpretation of this verse is not talking about any other group of people in the world today except those who call themselves jews and play this scam of assuming a false identity. John says they are “the synagogue of satan.” There is only one religion in the world that meets in a synagogue and that is judaism, attended by jews. Because of this insidious identity theft, John characterizes them as satanic; the very adversaries of God on earth today. It can only be a losing proposition when the bona fide tribe of Judah and hence all twelve tribes of Israel are deprived of their biblical identity. And the truth becomes even more astounding from a Christian Identity perspective when we correctly identify the tribe of Judah as Germany, which in times past meant “genuine” as applied to the Scythians i.e. Israelites who were dispersed from the Assyrian captivity and migrated into the territories of Anglo Saxon Europe. The Saxons were descended from the Sacae of Scythia, and their name meant 'sons of Isaac.' The propensity of jews to name their children after biblical characters to give the impression that jews were somehow connected to God's chosen people was convincingly argued against with the advent of Adolph Hitler and the express Christian character of the German people. The jews couldn't possibly be a holy people with their track record of being a profane and vile people whom God said He would have indignation against them forever (Mal. 1:4). When you hear the phrase “den of vipers,” that's who it's talking about... jews. “Ye shall know them by their fruits” Mt. 7:16. The majority of people today believe jews are Israel, not because it's the truth, but because of the enormity of outrageous jewish propaganda. Read more about With Jews We Lose It's My Party and I'll Cry if I Want To Submitted by Debra on Tue, 2014-09-30 00:43 Its-My-Party.mp3 Scripture Reading: Luke 14:15-24 You might be wondering what today's Scripture reading, the parable of the great supper, has to do with the sermon title, a #1 hit song from 1963; the year the jews assassinated Camelot. The song was written by Wiener, Gold, Gottlieb and Gluck, which sounds like a jewish law firm. It was sung by Lesley Sue Goldstein, also known as Lesley Gore. Maybe somebody has made the same or similar observations as I have, but I like to think this song has gone unanalyzed until now. One can only probe the subconscious mind of the jew with the assistance of the Holy Spirit to read between the lines. I originally titled this message 'Have You Got Your Invitation Yet?' and then I heard this song in my head in a nostalgic moment for no apparent reason. Now I know why... thank you Lord, it's the perfect antithesis or maybe antichrist. The distinctions between the parable and the song are somewhat uncanny. Read more about It's My Party and I'll Cry if I Want To I Love to Hate I-Love-to-Hate.mp3 Scripture Reading: Romans 13:10-12 This is a message guaranteed to irritate politically correct liberals or even kosher conservatives who pretend to be defenders of a moral culture, when in fact, both contribute to the decadence and corruption of society. My original title was “A Time To Hate' from the book of Ecclesiastes and then changed to 'Hate Is A Family Value,' but I decided to settle on the proactive title 'I Love To Hate,” because it's self explanatory (which I'll explain in a moment) and logical. It would be a contradiction to say I hate to hate. That's like Bill Clinton saying, “We will not tolerate intolerance.” Let me say from the onset that there's nothing wrong with hate unless someone comes along and redefines it to mean something malicious, malevolent, sadistic or satanic etc, which is exactly what totalitarians do in a dictatorship; they can make words mean whatever they want; and it becomes a war of words. Orwell exemplified this in his classic novel '1984' with three slogans: war is peace, freedom is slavery and ignorance is strength. If they make sense, you're either a master of doublethink or have stopped thinking altogether. The last thing a dictatorship wants, is it's subjects hating what the regime wants you to think. Read more about I Love to Hate Are White Christians Blessed or Cursed By the Jews? Are we, White Christians, Blessed or Cursed By the Jews, according to Genesis 12:3? "I will bless them that bless thee, and curse them that curse thee." There is a multitude of wolves in sheep’s clothing who have played the part of Judas Iscariot (for 30 pieces of silver) that promulgate the Big Lie that Jews are God’s chosen people. They go under the auspices of Judeo-Christian or Christian Zionist as if true Christianity needs to be hyphenated or affixed to another religion; one that is especially hostile to Jesus Christ. In fact, the modern Jews are descendants of the Pharisees, the evil figs of Judah who should never be confused with the good figs, and were responsible for the crucifixion of Christ, admitting that, “His blood be on us, and on our children” Mt. 27:25. And indeed the Jewish mindset is anathema towards Christ to the present day. 2000 years of antichrist perfidy has followed the Jews wherever they go. It might come as a shock to some mainstream church-goers that there were no people at Mt. Sinai who called themselves “Jews” or the Bible ever calling Moses, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob a “Jew.” One of the 12 sons of Jacob became the tribe of Judah and all 12 tribes collectively became known as Israel. They were known as Hebrews, not Jews. Read more about Are White Christians Blessed or Cursed By the Jews? Jewish Ritual Murder Submitted by Debra on Wed, 2011-12-07 01:30 Jewish-Ritual-Murder.mp3 Today’s message dovetails with Pastor Elmore’s sermon entitled ‘Murderers’ (8-28-11) and comes from a series I did several years ago called ‘Why We Hate Jews.’ Nothing I have written has gotten a more vitriolic response from jews and judeo-Christians than this one, due to the fact that jewish ritual murder is indelibly part of the historical record; as much as they would like for it to disappear down a memory hole. Martin Luther was an outspoken critic of not only the church, but even more vociferous of the synagogue in which he said in his book ‘The Jews and Their Lies’, “They stabbed and pierced the body of the young boy Simon of Trent. They have also murdered other children… The sun never did shine on a more bloodthirsty and revengeful people as they who imagine to be the people of God, and who desire to and think they must murder and crush the heathen. Read more about Jewish Ritual Murder Why We Hate Jews Submitted by Debra on Thu, 2011-11-03 00:33 An expose of the jewish religion and why it has fomented animosities since the time of Christ. Part 1: An explanation of hate and how Judaism creates antipathy through historical practises of ritual murder. Part 2: A well kept secret of Jews in the religious rite that sanctions lying and rationalizes stealing. Part 3: The deathly role of Jews institutionalizing the mongrelization of Christianity and the White race. Read more about Why We Hate Jews The Unfortunate Gentile	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line55
__label__cc	0.702125	0.297875	Fact / Myth Toggle Fact / Myth Navigation History and Events Mathematics and Logic Natural and Physical Sciences People and Self Philosophy and Thinking Religion and Belief Systems Technology and Applied Sciences Related Factoids Saying “Moshi Moshi” Proves You Aren’t a Ghost Only 21 Million Bitcoins Can Be Created The Equal Rights Amendment Was Never Ratified There is Already a Wall Between the U.S. and Mexico There are Elections Each Year in the United States Democrats are Responsible for Trump’s Immigration Policy Thomas Jefferson and John Adams Died on July 4th 1826 Whatever is the Case, is the Case Different Branches of the Military Use Different Battle Cries Salsa and Chutney are Just Different Words for Sauce Karl Marx’s Das Kapital James Madison’s Federalist #10 Deductive Logic by St. George William Joseph Stock Explained Friedrich A. 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Our site is not officially associated with any brand or government entity. Any mention of a brand or other trademarked entity is for the purposes of education, entertainment, or parody. On that note, we also don’t offer professional legal advice, tax advice, medical advice, etc. Neither FactMyth.com nor its parent companies accept responsibility for any loss, damage, or inconvenience caused as a result of reliance on information published on, or linked to, from Factmyth.com. See our legal page and cookie policy. What is an Alternative Fact? Posted by Thomas DeMichele on January 23, 2017 How to Understand “Alternative Facts;” the Term’s Original Meaning in Law and Its Recent Meaning in PR Alternative facts describe inconsistent sets of information submitted as plausible evidence for competing sides of a case/debate/argument. The Legal Version of Alternative Facts Here the term “facts” is used loosely, as it only denotes statements that the entity submitting them believes to be true (or has put forward as true) and related to the main subject. The best way to understand this is to consider a legal case being argued in a Courtroom where each side will present their own set of facts. One party puts forward their evidence and arguments to back up their version of “what is the case in this case,” the other party puts forward their evidence and arguments. Each party thus puts forward their own set of competing “facts,” their own alternative facts. This is the true meaning of the term “alternative facts.” See: Alternative facts (law). Ex. “the Glove didn’t fit, therefore OJ is innocent.” That is an alternative fact, some would argue that isn’t true, but arguments aside it ultimately either is true or isn’t. Alternative facts are the justifications we give, they don’t speak to the object truth. The PR Version of Alternative Facts With this in mind, “alternative facts” is also used in another sense, as a term coined by Trump’s White House counselor Kellyanne Conway to describe questionable information presented as facts.[1][2] Here , an alternative fact holds pretty much the same meaning and is probably best described as a mashup of “alternative viewpoint” or “bias information” that is plausible. It is a little like a conspiracy theory in talking point form. It is sometimes making a political point, lying by omission, or just “spin.” Parsing the Two Usages of the Term In other words, it is in some respects just the latest term given to information that isn’t purely designed to inform and/or isn’t purely true, that which we would otherwise call talking points. They are viewpoints that may be fully true with some important information missing, or just slanted. So, putting this together, alternative facts are competing sets of evidence and arguments. Despite this, there is still only one truth. Thus, in the court, or in the mainstream media, or at the press conference, objective truth is still king/queen. At least two sides will submit their “alternative facts” to make a case for “what the truth is,” and each set may sway the audience, but nothing about that process changes the object truth. Thus, there is only one set of facts, only one truth, but the arguments made and the facts provided to back up a specific narrative of “what was the case” can be denoted as “alternative facts.” The Politics of Alternative Facts The modern usage of the term may have originated on the political right, but it isn’t limited to them. Whether we say “Muslim ban” or “Muslim Extremist Terrorists”, in both cases, we aren’t purely using words to inform, we are using them to sway, and this is not the same as speaking fact. It is PR, it is marketing, it is Propaganda (which isn’t so different from what is happening in the court room where each side is putting forward their own set of facts with a purpose of persuading the Jury and Judge). This is similar to the concept of fake news too (in that it is a new term that basically just means “information + a specific viewpoint AKA bias”). And just like with fake news, and just like arguments in a court room, not all alt-facts are created equally. Thus, the questions we have to ask, with our history in mind, are: Should we just ignore this and chalk it up to PR? If we should care, then is this innocent or are there tactics behind this? Is this about misspeaks, doublespeak, spin and public relations, contesting facts, or browbeating people with disinformation until they give up and stop caring? Is the Media’s response to alternative facts an overreaction, or is there some actual meat in here? [3] Although I’m tempted to just fallback to point 1, truth is important, since some of us consider the pursuit of truth and wisdom as one of the highest virtues, no different from the stance of Plato and Aristotle, we can say the situation merits scrutiny. Below we examine the concept of “alternative facts” to see if they are alternative hypotheses, counter arguments, differing opinions, spin, or flat out lies and if their purpose is to inform or not. This will help us to understand what types of information constitutes an “alternative fact” better and answer the question “is an alternative fact more like a lie, more like an alternative weather report, or just PR as usual.” This discussion of the different types of truths and types of information will help us understand a newly coined term like “alternative facts” from a centered perspective. “Sorry, Kellyanne, I’m not buying it. Alternative facts are not facts; they’re falsehoods!” -NBC’s Chuck Todd told Kellyanne Conway when she tried to defend Sean Spicer’s misleading and false claims about the size of Trump’s inauguration at his very first press conference (which took place during the biggest demonstration in modern history “the Women’s March“). As you’ll see below, not everything Spicer said was proven wrong, but he included enough falsehoods to spark the controversy. NOTE: To start, let’s note that Trump’s crowd size was average by all reasonable estimates. Some media portrayed it as small, and I think this triggered Spicer to lash out a little hard with the PR. Is this just an honest misspeak, or is it doublespeak? Time will tell. For now, our focus isn’t on Trump’s team; it is on the nature of truth and politics. UPDATE: The Media, shortly after these events, jumped on Conway for what I see as a misspeak (intentional or not) more than a fabrication and lumped it into the alternative facts conversation. Topics like “fake news” and “alternative facts” speak to important concepts of our time, but one should note that some of what is called “fake news” isn’t purely fake and some of what is called “alternative facts” isn’t always pure BS. There is a world of difference between propaganda laced with half-truths and a single misspeak. Crying wolf at every flub is a sure fire way to create a bed of nails. Watch a timelapse of the National Mall on Inauguration Day. This time lapse video proves Spicer wrong in real time. Many in the media were nervous when something that is provably false is presented as true. To be fair to Trump’s team, charges of fake news aren’t always fully unfounded. Still, if the answer is “we need more honesty and integrity” Trump’s PR team is hardly setting the right precedent. We aren’t saying Spicer lied purposefully; we take his word he didn’t. Examples of Alternative Facts and Real Facts Below is probably the best way to understand alternative facts. Are they a comparison of “two different versions of the weather report?” Is this like one weather man telling the truth, and the other misleading you with a different forecast (purposefully or not, based on justified belief or not). Fact Alternative Fact Obama had biggest in-person turnout for an inauguration. Trump had an average in-person turnout but perhaps had the largest world wide if views on the internet are counted. This was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration — period — both in person and around the globe. Much bigger than Obama’s. Obama is an American Citizen. We don’t know, Obama could be a Muslim from Kenya. Hillary won the popular, Trump won the electoral college. There is no proof of voter fraud but legal voter suppression like gerrymandering and rules like winner-take-all skewed the vote in some states and districts. Trump Won the election by a landslide and he would have won the popular if it wasn’t for voter fraud. A Definition of “Alternative Facts.” Before moving on, lets get a suitable definition of everything alternative facts could mean out of the way; then we will discuss all the nuances. On One Hand, This is Just Heavy Handed PR and Opinion We might say “alternative facts” is just a nonsense PR word that was given to justify a chunk of information that contained true claims, partly-false claims, purely false claims, or spin. In this light, it is just business as usual under a new President. With a kind lens, we may be seeing differing opinions on the same set of facts. If everyone saw everything the same way, we wouldn’t have two major political parties and a mostly split vote. As, while there is only ever one truth, one set of facts, one reality according to science and reason, PR politics is all about spinning the truth so hard it barely looks like truth anymore. So, for example, Spicer said, “this was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration — period — both in person and around the globe.” That statement as written is a lie, not a purposeful lie according to Spicer, but technically a falsehood. A lie is intentionally told, so, giving the benefit of the doubt, it is an unintentional falsehood, as Spicer said didn’t mean to mislead the people.[4] All the above claims are essentially more PR. In truth, Spicer used a basic PR trick of using ambiguous wording. Due to the rise of social media, Trump likely had the largest audience if we count all online and TV viewers, but his crowd size is estimated at a fraction of Obama’s. In truth, Trump’s crowd was average for a Republican. The crowd was filling the front (so it looked like millions from the front), but in reality, not filling the back or the streets, so turnout was lower than Obama’s. We have video footage proving this below. Still, this is just called “spin” and PR. You leave enough room for debate if you are caught using misleading words. We are dealing with PR and politics first and epistemology (the study of the nature of truth) and ethics (morality applied) second. So, here, Spicer was just using “heavy-handed PR tactics” that went a little too far and used some provable falsehoods. It is a bit shady, but to be human is to err, and people have room for improvement. Alongside Some Alt-Facts from the Alt-Right With the above said, digging a bit deeper, we see less misspeak and more calculated doublespeak. Alternative-facts is a big nod to alternative-right and alternative-media. Conway’s use of term insinuates that the official message of the establishment and the media is not factual and that what the alt-right claims to be true is “a better version of the truth.” So, an “alt-fact” is, from this perspective, the type of information you hear on something like Infowars. It is a half-truth framed from a populist anti-elite right-wing perspective. The alt-right have many alt-facts like Hitler was a liberal socialist, Hitler’s eugenics program is directly equatable with Planned Parenthood, the Civil War Democrats are exactly the same as modern progressives. From this lens, an alt-fact is just framing reality in a way that fits the alt-right narrative, whether or not the information is a truth, half-truth, or utter falsehood. This is the dangerous part. Is the administration trying to indoctrinate America with an alt-right ideology by spinning the truth? Will we have to disbelieve our own ears and eyes? Will we consider all MSM (main-stream media) false? Will those who stand up become proverbial Dixie Chicks? There is a valid and historically understandable fear of alt-facts from this perspective. Trust is earned, not brow-beaten. Trump’s team should not underestimate the tenacity of liberty loving Americans. We have all kinds here; some kinds will like the alt-facts, the others will either rebel or just ignore the hook and sinker. Trump’s 1/3rd minority with a majority in Congress is powerful, but it is less powerful than the wide support a Reagan or Eisenhower had. Justified Beliefs vs. Beliefs Some alternative facts could be described as justified belief or theory. You have facts pointing to a belief; you believe it; you say it. You can be shown to be wrong, but you weren’t lying by asserting your claim. I believe Trump believed his crowd might have been the biggest; he saw a big crowd. Still, we are talking about the U.S. government. We expect a certain degree of accuracy, and treating a belief as a fact is not “the most precise” tool in the rhetoric toolkit. Again, we expect PR, but we expect factual PR. When Obama said “you can keep your plan,” people didn’t just roll over; they lambasted him. The problem here is that filling people’s heads with contradictions is a manipulation technique. The fear is that some aspects of the Art of the Deal aren’t appropriate for PR, even if the people voted for that sort of rhetoric when it came to making deals on our behalf. “Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one’s mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them.” – 1984 Contradictory beliefs aren’t facts; they are beliefs. A belief, an opinion, and a fact are all different things. Academics have been studying the nature of truth since the time of the Greeks, so we aren’t charting new territory. Consider these other 1984 quotes: “But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.” “The Party told you to reject the evidence of your eyes and ears. It was their final, most essential command. His heart sank as he thought of the enormous power arrayed against him, the ease with which any Party intellectual would overthrow him in debate, the subtle arguments which he would not be able to understand, much less answer. And yet he was in the right! They were wrong and he was right. The obvious, the silly, and the true had got to be defended. Truisms are true, hold on to that! The solid world exists; its laws do not change. Stones are hard, water is wet, objects unsupported fall towards the earth’s centre. With the feeling that he was speaking to O’Brien, and also that he was setting forth an important axiom, he wrote: Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.” We should not be able to quote 1984 to make points about the PR style used by Trump’s White House PR team out of the gate. The charge, and let us be clear, is that if it isn’t just an honest mistake, then we are seeing the start of a war on information and truth and a propaganda campaign meant to indoctrinate and confuse the American people. This is what 1984 is about. The majority of people don’t have a tolerance for such things. However, Plato pointed out that a majority isn’t needed. THIS is the fear, the fear that we are seeing a new era of propaganda. Still, this line of thinking insinuates the worry is real. The hope is that the mistake was honest and the reaction an over-reaction. LIGHT HEARTED: Urban Dictionary offers this definition: “When truth is so unfavorable to a pathological liar, that they must invent a whole new category of lies to describe their nakedly intentional acts of deception.” That is one way to frame it. Keep in mind Urban Dictionary relies on people to “vote up” definitions; take it with a grain of salt. Kellyanne Conway: Press Secretary Sean Spicer Gave ‘Alternative Facts’ \| Meet The Press \| NBC News. TIP: The term speaks to the times and the nature of information in the information age. In a world full of reality TV where, “fake news,” and “alt-right,” combine with the reality TV idea that “being good at business” is the highest virtue, it would be odd to expect anything else than a debate like this to arise. TIP: Some would argue this whole story is a distraction technique meant to take attention away from what is being estimated as “the largest day of demonstrations in U.S. history,” the worldwide women’s march. My claim that it is a distraction is opinion, and the claim that it is estimated to be the largest demonstration is fact. The women’s march wasn’t protesting Trump (although it was also about that given his expressed opinions of women and minorities); it was first and foremost about women, peace, love, unity, and solidarity in defense of women’s rights. In either case, the preliminary data is true, and this peaceful show of force for women’s rights was the biggest demonstration in American history. Let us admire the women’s march before moving onto a discussion about alternative facts, Trump’s PR team, fake news, and the nature of truth.[5] Anti-Trump protests break out across D.C. This is what the anti-Trump protests looked like (they were small, local, and sometimes negative). Women’s March Floods Washington. This is what the women’s march protests looked like (they were “huge,” global, and positive). FACT: Another important point that may have been obscured is that Donald Trump Signed a Global Anti-Abortion Executive Order Surrounded By Men. The order defunded $600 million in annual funding for women’s health services around the globe. This could affect tens of millions of women. This is why the women’s march got so many millions to take to the streets. NOTE: I’m using language to make a point without lying; that is how proper PR and spin is done. Fact-check me and see; each point I make is a defensible, provable fact. I don’t need alternative facts to frame my argument for my base if anything they would hurt my argument. Trump also signed an executive order to start defunding the ObamaCare (the Affordable Care Act) and to withdraw from the TPP (a nativist protectionist stance). Conway, Spicer, and the Origin of the Term “Alternative Facts” The term “alternative facts” was coined by Kellyanne Conway when she was asked by NBC’s Chuck Todd why White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer had presented provable falsehoods including one about the size of Trump’s inauguration at his first Press Conference following the inauguration. In response to the question, Conway claimed that Spicer hadn’t presented falsehoods, but had instead presented “alternative facts.” In this case, Spicer presented falsehoods. He, knowingly or not, presented falsehoods and spin for purposes of public relations. We can conclude that on one level “alternative facts” are misinformation, disinformation, half-truths, and lies used for the purposes of propaganda. They may not be differing conclusions based on scientific data, as weather reports are. From this frame, “alternative facts” and Conway’s claim that Spicer presented “alternative facts,” are both the same thing: spin and talking points, not a type of fact, but a type of myth.[6] With that said, taking a step back from the gut level reaction to this use of propaganda, noting that Trump’s PR team is still getting their sea legs, and noting Spicer’s following corrections, we can give Conway and Spicer the benefit of the doubt. Let us discuss the validity of skepticism and reference frames as tools of those who love logic and reason and seek healthy debate. TIP: Propaganda is information designed to sway emotions rather than inform. Trump had accused CNN of being “Fake news” for spreading “unsubstantiated information” about him, and the press has not been favorable to Trump. It is likely Spicer and Conway are trying to counter what they feel is unfair reporting with a little spin, but the spin presented went overboard and, in some cases, became a falsehood. Falsehood is not an alternative to a fact; it is a lie. Everything Depends on Frame of Reference. There is Only One Truth. Giving Conway and Spicer the benefit of the doubt, we can view “alternative facts” not as an alternative to the facts, but as an alternative view on the facts (AKA opinion). After all, while there is only one set of facts, only one truth, and only one reality, there are countless ways in which to view a set of facts depending on one’s frame of reference. For example, Trump’s inauguration looked way more impressive from the front than from an aerial view of the back. Looking at different viewing angles of Obama’s crowd indicates how much perspective can complicate things. For another “perspective” see a comparison of the two inaugurations. Still, using Trump’s inauguration size as an example, we can see that Trump’s is a little smaller and that calling it bigger isn’t an “alternative fact;” it is a falsehood. Likewise, when Spicer quoted the number of people who rode the public metro, it was inaccurate reporting and wasn’t a falsehood, not an “alternative fact.” However, when Spicer said [paraphrasing], “the CIA was very excited about Trump upon his visit” he was spinning and giving an alternative view. We can give alternative perspectives on facts, but we can never give alternative facts. We should note that there is no shame in presenting different perspectives on facts if it is done clearly and not conflated with fact. The shame is in not upholding our values and not telling people the truth. Anyone is going to be able to forgive CNN for a false story or Spicer for a false claim, but forgiveness and trust are earned. In the case of media and the President, a free press that seeks to inform the public will earn its own respect. Spicer; Alternative-Fact-Check Although we won’t debunk each Spicer claim here, below are a few bits of evidence to start you on your fact-checking journey (see politifact.com for more detail). First let’s consider this quote from Spicer’s 1/21/17 conference given just one day after Trump’s inauguration (on a Saturday, the same day the women’s march was taking place across the globe, just as it began to make headlines). “Inaccurate numbers involving crowd size were also tweeted. No one had numbers, because the National Park Service, which controls the National Mall, does not put any out. By the way, this applies to any attempts to try to count the number of protestors today in the same fashion…. This was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration — period — both in person and around the globe. – You can read a partial excerpt of the Transcript of Sean Spicer’s statement here. Was Trump’s Inauguration both in person and around the globe? Spicer was right in that some media framed the reporting on the inauguration in a way that would, ” …minimize the enormous support that had gathered on the National Mall.” However, much of the rest of what Spicer says is half-truths and flat out lies. Specifically, he says “no one has numbers” and then says “this was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration — period — both in person and around the globe.” How could BOTH be true? UPDATE: Both were not true. Spicer gave a follow-up to the 1/21/17 conference on 1/23/17 and clarified that the media had reported accurately and that he had reported falsely. According to MotherJones, “Toward the end of Monday’s lengthy press conference, Spicer conceded that the crowd in Washington was not the biggest ever and argued that he had never made such a claim. Instead, he said that by “both in person and around the globe,” he meant “total largest audience.” I’m not sure that is provable either (see here and here). Here’s a breakdown of ridership of the most recent inaugurations (source): Metro ridership (whole day) Metro ridership (as of 11 a.m.) Jan. 20, 2017 (Trump inaugural) 570,557 193,000 Jan. 21, 2013* (Obama inaugural) 782,000 317,000 Jan. 20, 2009 (Obama inaugural) 1,100,000 513,000 Jan. 20, 2005 (Bush inaugural) 583,803 197,000 *Note: Obama’s second inauguration was Jan. 21 instead of Jan. 20, which fell on a Sunday. Here are the attendance estimates for past inaugurations: Estimated attendance Trump, 2017 250,000 to 600,000 Barack Obama, 2013 1 million Obama, 2009 1.8 million George W. Bush, 2005 400,000 Bush, 2001 300,000 Bill Clinton, 1997 250,000 Clinton, 1993 800,000 George H.W. Bush, 1989 300,000 As you can see from the data above, Trump had an average turnout for a Republican. This makes sense if you consider Republicans are favored by a rural minority in modern times, not a majority, and that Trump won based on the winner-take-all system, not the popular vote. It is likely the only way “total largest audience” is possible is if we count views on global social media. We should count social media as it is now much more prevalent than it has ever been. Press Secretary Sean Spicer Slams Media – White House Press Conference 1/21/2017. FULL -1/23/17 – Press Secretary Sean Spicer First White House Press Conference – Trump Briefing. TIP: When Trump heard about the turnout for the women’s march he said: “Why didn’t these people vote?” Of course, they did. Trump lost the popular vote. Later he corrected his language and said, “Peaceful protests are a hallmark of our democracy. Even if I don’t always agree, I recognize the rights of people to express their views.” Trump corrected himself and showed a willingness to respect American values. The hope is that Conway and Spicer will follow suit and step up to the plate. FACT: 1982’s anti-nuclear march in New York City drew an estimated crowd of 1 million. The 1963 Civil Rights March on Washington drew 250,000. 1969 anti-Vietnam war march in Washington was attended by an estimated 500,000-600,000. 1995’s Million Man March was attended by 400,000-1.1 million. In 1993, the LGBT March for equal rights had a crowd of 800,00-1 million. We don’t yet know how many attended the Trump inauguration. A Definition of the Term “Alternative Facts” In the context of the way the term “alternative-fact” was used by Conway, an alternative-fact is an opinion or hypothesis. Or more specifically, in context, it is counterfeit information meant to spread falsehoods and sway opinions. It is propaganda, PR, a talking point. The fact was that fewer people attended Trump’s inauguration, but the media exaggerated the point by showing images from specific angles and not others. We can assume that the media did this because Trump keeps calling them “Fake News” and hints at state-run media. We have to understand how information works. How information works: What is a Fact? A fact is an objective and verifiable reality; it is something that can reasonably be proven true. What is a Myth? A myth is anything that is not fully true. This includes all counterfeit information, all talking points, and any information presented as true that isn’t objective and verifiably true. What is a Hypothesis? A hypothesis a proposed explanation based on facts. A hypothesis becomes a “good” theory if it can withstand testing and has enough facts pointing to it. What is Truth? Truth is something that is the case, even if we can’t verify it. Furthermore: There are many different types of myths. A theory is based on fact, but can be proven untrue and replaced with a better theory. Theories, facts, and hypotheses are all different things. Facts will almost always turn out to be true, but, in some cases, they can be proven to be myths if better data comes along. We used to think the world was flat. Then we figured out it was round, but some still believe it is flat. Those who still say it is flat aren’t presenting “alternative facts,” they are making hypotheses. Everything else aside, there is only one type of truth. Everything is always true or untrue, even if we can’t prove it. There are cases where we think we have a fact, but through a healthy skepticism and the scientific method we discover a better fact, and we can have a great theory that ends up not being true, but this is different than spreading a provable falsehood knowingly. TIP: Manipulation is a PR tactic where you purposefully confuse the public by using counterfeit information. For example, you call CNN fake news; CNN reports that alternative-facts are lies, and then “oh, dear” people don’t know what to believe anymore. 1/3rd of America believes CNN, 1/3rd thinks CNN is fake, the other is just confused and wants it to stop. The person behind the PR doesn’t need you to believe their lies; they only need you to question information and sources that provide that information. This WWI – WWII era tactic was used by the Russians and Germans but was originated by Western thinkers and intelligence. Propaganda is an important part of world history. Our enlightened ancestors and our intelligence community, the ones who opened this Pandora’s Box in modern times, know how to tell the difference between real and counterfeit information. They know how to apply Hume’s fork logic and the scientific method to data. We already have the tools to protect against misinformation. TIP: The term counterfeit information describes information designed to look real, but that isn’t real. It is meant to sway people emotionally, not to inform. Propaganda is a type of counterfeit information told purposefully for any purposes other than “to inform.” Of course, not everyone who spreads a falsehood knows they are presenting counterfeit information. Sometimes fake information is spread, but the intent is to spread real information, things get complex. The Final Answer There is only ever one truth, but certainly we can all put together our own sets of facts and argue for our version of the truth despite this. It is human nature meets the nature of information, pure and simple. We can be a skeptic, and we can question facts, come up with a reasonable hypothesis, create a theory based on facts, and test our theory. This is the scientific method. However, when we make claims based on ideology and weave in half-truths, we cross the line of presenting valid competing views and start presenting misinformation. When this happens, we are not presenting “alternative-facts.” We are presenting “counterfeit information.” In a court room there is a duty to perjury, in politics there is no such duty. This is the problem and the difference. ‘Alternative facts:’ Why the Trump team is ‘planting a flag’ in war on media Dear team Trump,’alternative facts’ are lies by CNN Why Nobody Cares the President Is Lying Spicer compares ‘alternative facts’ to getting different weather reports The Women’s Marches may have been the largest demonstration in US history Reality Check: Sean Spicer hits the media over crowds "What is an Alternative Fact?" is tagged with: American Politics, Epistemology, Logic and Reason, Philosophy of Language, Propaganda, Social Engineering, Truth Bruce Robinson on February 9, 2017 Consider Christianity with its 30,000 or so denominations, sects, faith groups, traditions, etc. All teach different beliefs. There can be either zero or one true group. All the other tens of thousands of Christian groups are teaching at least some alternative facts. The probability of a given person belonging to a group with the fullness of truth is miniscule. Thomas DeMichele on February 9, 2017 Interesting points. We all probably believe some alternative facts, but we don’t all work as a mouth piece for the Federal Government in a position of authority in which our words matter. I expect a higher level of critical thinking from some groups. When people go to a source for facts, and it can be reasonably expected that facts will be provided, it is in this situation that spreading “alternative facts” is perhaps the most problematic. Imagine being in the military, being stuck in a survival situation, opening up a field guide, and instead of getting pure information you get opinion, rhetoric, and a complex and obscure answer on which berries to eat to survive out in the wilderness. That would be absurd, surreal, and dangerous. If a Christian tells me about God, I assume they are speaking about faith. If the State Department tells me a fact or figure, I assume they are trying to convey true information. I’d like to be able to assume that about the press, the dictionary, and other reasonable sources. « The Problem With Unsubstantiated Information and Plausible Deniability How Democracy Leads to Tyranny From Plato’s Republic » © 2021 Fact / Myth \| About \| Legal \| Contact	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line56
__label__cc	0.735285	0.264715	Opinion: Good times ahead for German post-virus economy ByMusa Aktas Many have said it before, but it’s never been as true as it is now: It has to get worse before it gets better. This long, dark winter will be quite a challenge for us pandemic-hit Germans. We have to refrain from a lot of things; we need to be patient and considerate of others, and at the same time we’re called upon to stay confident. There are reasons, though, why we should raise our heads and look to the future without fear. But first, let’s take a brief look back. During the first lockdown in spring of this year whole factories were shut down, meaning the production of machines and cars ground to a halt. Big and small stores were shuttered. There was no lack of gloomy forecasts, with some prophets predicting a 20% drop in GDP for the year. At the end of the day, we’ll most likely log a 5% contraction for 2020 as a result of the COVID-induced standstill. That’s a lot, but we’ll manage. In summer, the German economy showed everyone what it is capable of: It finished the third quarter with a growth rate exceeding 8%. That was a truly unparalleled surge. DW’s Henrik Böhme Who’s going to foot the bill? In a likewise historic development, the government has been spending unprecedented sums of aid money, with billions of euros coming from the otherwise thrifty Finance Minister Olaf Scholz. True, the aid has not yet reached all of those who need it most, notably small entrepreneurs and self-employed people, and that’s because the software to handle their applications is not yet working as it should. By and large, though, you can’t say the government hasn’t tried to provide quick help. Now we’re faced with €180 billion ($219 billion) in fresh borrowing to make the federal budget work next year. Looking at this figure can make you feel dizzy. And who’s going to pay for all this? However, that’s a question you’re inclined to ask on various occasions these days. Just think of the €1.8 trillion European Central Bank’s emergency bond-buying program. Add to this the €1.8 trillion financial aid package that the European Union approved earlier this month following tough negotiations. Shopping streets in Germany will once again fill up like here in 2017 As early as this summer, aid packages globally amounted to at least $15 trillion, making global debt levels rise at lightning speed. According to the Institute of International Finance, a banking lobby association, global debt equals $275 trillion including liabilities of companies and lenders. By comparison, German economic output in 2019 amounted to $4.2 trillion. Back to a balanced budget Of course, we’re talking about mind-boggling figures. But was there really an alternative? Let’s not forget that during the Great Depression of the 1930s, banks and governments held back on financial aid, thus triggering catastrophic consequences. That’s different today. During the crisis in Asia toward the end of the 1990s and in the years following the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, comprehensive aid packages were initiated to prevent capital flows from drying up. Naturally, the money will have to flow back into state coffers at some stage. A brief look back shows us that following the global financial crisis, the German economy expanded for almost a decade, boosting state revenues through tax income. That increase in revenues — coupled with a policy of frugal economic management — has enabled the German finance minister to pull out the big guns in the current pandemic. It’s time to correct a misconception the author of this article himself once held as an outright opponent of a balanced budget policy. Experience tells me, though, that saving something for a rainy day while the economy is booming makes sense and is no bad recipe to brace for the future. Will things get better next year? I believe so. The first COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized, meaning the pandemic will become less frightening in the foreseeable future. People will be able and will want to travel again and buy cars. This year, Germans spent between €70 billion and €100 billion less than in ordinary years. That money will hopefully flow back into consumption soon and crank up the economy. Some dents will remain Exports are expected to pick up considerably. Should the global economy really expand by 4.2% next year as forecast by the OECD, some of that growth will no doubt be generated in the German engineering and automotive sectors and a couple of other industries. As companies have been cutting back on investments over the past two years, there’s a lot of catching up to do. And let’s not forget that the many billions from the various government aid programs have to be spent on a number of infrastructure projects including the expansion of fiber-optic high-speed internet, the improvement of the road and rail networks, and digitization. Sure, not everything will be rosy. Not everyone in the hospitality sector and not every small shop owner will survive the pandemic. The number of corporate insolvencies will increase sharply once special temporary regulations to head off bankruptcies expire. Many a firm that’s currently keeping afloat solely because of government aid is bound to go under. Let’s hope that as few people as possible will lose their jobs — and find employment elsewhere quickly. Be that as it may, 2020 was a unique year by many standards, and next year won’t be any less exciting, but hopefully one with a better ending. French chefs struggle to reinvent themselves amid uncertainty In Germany, electric cars struggle to get into gear By Musa Aktas Opinion: Don’t shut down the economy! Jan 16, 2021 Musa Aktas EU launches Year of Rail campaign amid drop in passenger numbers Chip shortage disrupts global car production	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line62
__label__cc	0.621282	0.378718	World’s Press Calls on the United Kingdom to Address Press Freedom Concerns The Board of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), meeting in Glasgow, Scotland on 3rd June, 2019 on the occasion of the 71st World News Media Congress, 26th World Editors Forum and 3rd Women in News Summit, has called on the government of the United Kingdom to address a number of critical press freedom challenges that threaten UK media and risk undermining recent international efforts to prioritise media freedom. WAN-IFRA Board Press Freedom Resolutions WAN-IFRA Board Press Freedom Resolution – Tanzania, 2019 The Board of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), meeting in Glasgow, Scotland on 3rd June, 2019 during the 71st World News Media Congress, 26th World Editors Forum, and 3rd Women in News Summit, calls for renewed global solidarity with the Tanzanian press in the wake of attacks and the hardening government stance against independent, free media. World’s Press Calls for Renewed Solidarity in the Wake of Threats to Independent, Free Media in South Africa The Board of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), meeting in Durban, South Africa on 7th June 2017 ahead of the 69th World News Media Congress, has called on the South African government to ensure an environment that better protects media freedom and the independence of journalists, notably in the face of proposed legislation that threatens a free press. #freeturkeyjournalists WAN-IFRA Board Press Freedom Resolution - Tanzania, June 2017 The Board of the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), meeting in Durban, South Africa on 7th June 2017, calls for renewed global solidarity with the Tanzanian press in the wake of attacks and the hardening government stance against independent, free media. Connecting with Sweden and Norway Abroad Throughout 2016, WAN-IFRA’s Women in News team members regularly met with Swedish and Norwegian representatives in many of the markets where activities were taking place. Norweigan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Hedvig Lundstrom	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line63
__label__cc	0.684555	0.315445	Sinkhole, after the rains came… and came… and came Feb 19, 2014 \| General Blog On Saturday morning I stepped out into the street after climbing out of bed at the crack of 10.30 only to spy police cars and a small crowd at the top of the street. Asking a neighbour what the fuss was I was told that the road had been closed because of the sink hole. Now get that phrase right, it was the sink hole not a sink hole, the implication being that everybody knew about it, as should I. Scratching my head and squinting my bleary eyes I considered going back to bed but decided this was the sort of thing that I really ought to pay attention to, but not until after breakfast. If my neighbours and I were going to tumble into the Hell Mouth as seen on everything from Hollywood blockbusters to the recent documentary on Florida’s sink holes, I was going to make sure I didn’t have an empty stomach. Who knows what dining opportunities there are in Hell, although I imagine they are tastier than those in Heaven. (Heaven for the weather, Hell for the company as the song goes and I imagine that applies to their eateries too.) Before long there was all manner of kafuffle going on outside including a helicopter hovering in a position that seemed to be just outside my front window and, strangely, there is one again as I write my account two days later. Let’s hope, then, that having spent the weekend doing more interesting things this is still early enough for me to jump on the topical bandwagon. Taking a wander up the road it turned out that the hole was really close, less-than-those-signs-on-the-motorway-that-say-it’s-300-yards-to-the-junction close. I’d say the thing is 250 yards away on the corner of a street of new houses built less than five years ago. There wasn’t much to see apart from some guy in hi-vis clothing apparently digging a hole, which didn’t seem to be very sensible no matter how you considered it. The various nice policemen didn’t really have much to say other than that they’d evacuated seventeen houses and that things were now under control. Returning home I was on the phone to a concerned relative when a neighbour came into the room and interrupted, suggesting that she’d been told that we might have to evacuate. Suddenly I found myself thinking of the vast house swallowing sink holes in Florida as described on a BBC Horizon documentary only two weeks ago. Apparently the problem in Florida is a layer of clay on top of porous, water soluble, rock, often limestone. The houses are built on the clay which remains stable while water, over thousands of years, erodes the rock beneath. Eventually the rock is no longer sufficient to support the remaining clay which collapses when it either dries and cracks or softens at times of high rain fall and drops into the void beneath. Hertfordshire is completely different to Florida in terms of landscape. Hertfordshire is hilly and temperate whereas Florida is flat and has alligators. However there are similarities in that Hertfordshire has chalk hills beneath a layer of clay instead of limestone as they have in Florida. When you begin to think about it it’s surprising that Hertfordshire isn’t more known for sink holes as chalk is considerably softer than limestone, more porous and, you might imagine, more easily washed away. Could there really be voids beneath us? It seems sink holes are becoming more frequent occurrences and the recent spate of them in the UK are ascribed to the extraordinary amount of rain we’ve had this winter. In many cases it seems that the clay itself has washed away and in some places there might have been in filled clay pits that have opened up again. With all the recent rain the culprit would seem clear but there is talk of a water leak. Judging by the size of the hole you might imagine that there would have to be a lot of water leaking for a long time. So the neighbour interrupting my phone call with the single word ‘evacuation’ lent an air of credible fear to what had until then been a curiosity at a safe distance. A 35ft wide hole twenty feet deep is no concern but add an official hint of further evacuation, even at this apparently safe distance, and the imagination runs wild. My mind began to visualise thoughts that I’d not had since they switched on the Large Hadron Collider with the consolation that if the world got sucked into a black hole at least France would be sucked in a few seconds before Britain. From the mention of possible evacuation my 250 yards of safety collapsed into nothingness. A few minutes later there was a knock on the door with a policeman asking me to move my car from the road because of the congestion. He could have been asking me anything but in that moment he triggered a full evacuation panic complete with thoughts of, ‘What could I live without?’ and, ‘What should I absolutely take with me?’ Strangely my physical possessions seemed unimportant and I was mostly concerned with my PC, software and data. What does that say about me? Moving the car, as I prepared to load-up never to return, I found myself encountering sinkhole tourists. Talking to the police later it turned out that there hadn’t been any advice regarding further evacuations and my neighbour had merely been told by a policeman that if he was in this situation he’d have a bag packed ready to leave. Having said that even the mistaken experience of having to leave and wondering what to save brings the whole experience home to you and it makes you feel for the poor souls who have had to get out of their homes at a moment’s notice. One resident told the story of not even being able to grab her purse. What must that do to your life when your home contains everything you own and is your place of refuge? Running away to Colchester until the following day I watched the excellent new Lego Movie, which interestingly turns upon the main character, Emmet, falling down a sink hole where he begins his journey to become a hero, his perceptions are challenged, he transforms, and so the world transforms with him. It’s a brilliant film, you don’t have to have kids, I don’t and I still had a great time. If you ever had Lego as a kid, and who didn’t, you’ll enjoy to it even if it’s recognising the colours of the original bricks. Leaving the film is was still early so we wandered around Colchester thinking about pubs and beer and soon headed for the excellent music venue The Bull. It you don’t know The Bull it’s a proper old fashioned live music venue with bands in the main pub and a second stage in The Soundhouse out the back. Colchester seems to have a thriving live music scene, something that Hemel Hempstead once had but that seems to have been killed after the changes in public entertainment regulations some years ago. The judgemental blue noses of Hemel have finished off the local music scene and left us with a soulless town with nothing going on other than bars that are little more than corporate run alcohol warehouses while Colchester is thriving and vibrant. impassioned The main bar in The Bull was just a little too packed so we tried out the back. Walking into the Soundhouse we found the excellent cover band The Kicks playing a truly brilliant selection of mod, punk and rock. Their performance was tight and energetic with tracks mostly taken from the seventies and early eighties with a bit of leeway for the best tracks from decades either side. When they dropped in a couple of Blur tracks or other more recent material the fit was perfect. If anything the crowd didn’t seem to appreciate what they were listening too, as their response to The Kicks’ impassioned rendition of All or Nothing (Small Faces) was a bit lukewarm. But perhaps I’m older than I’m prepared to admit and the rest of the audience didn’t have the same association with the music. Talking to the band after, swapping stories of Steve Marriot (late lead singer of the Small Faces), I happened to mention that I’d come all the way from Hemel to see them and it seemed news of our local sink hole had reached Colchester. Okay that wasn’t strictly true as I’d come over to see the film and generally have a night out, The Kicks were serendipity. Over night it had occurred to me that we used to talk of subsidence but these days we speak of sinkholes. Returning home on Sunday the house was still there, as were the police. The nice policeman sitting in the car playing with his iPhone (because he had little else to do) said that the engineers had explained that subsidence is the movement of land whereas sinkholes were already there. In this case nobody had been prepared to commit either way. I was particularly pleased, when I looked over towards the hole, to see another three policemen gingerly venturing towards the edge of the Hell Mouth to get a better view. Indeed there was a hole, and the police were looking into it. Lady Danni Morinich on February 26, 2014 at 8:24 pm Just goes to show when escaping a sink hole, the only way is Essex. jackbarrowuk on November 25, 2014 at 9:08 pm The road reopened today after nine months. If I ever find out any more about what they spent so long filling in I’ll post an update. If anyone else has any information I’d be grateful if you could post it here.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line64
__label__cc	0.724652	0.275348	TD Toronto Jazz Festival Casa Loma Sessions Earlier this summer, we recorded three concerts at the iconic Castle Loma with some of Canada’s leading musicians. Each video was premiered exclusively on the Toronto Star website with repeat performances here on our website. Tuesday October 6 - Queer Songbook Orchestra explored the music and lives of queer icons from the 60s and 70s featuring the music of David Bowie, Queen, Jackie Shane and more. Allie X and James Baley joined as special guests. Tuesday October 27 - Canada’s Queen of Rock, Sass Jordan, performed hits and new music from her #1 blues album, Rebel Moon Blues. She was joined by special guest Emily Burgess – a top up-and-coming blues guitarist and singer. Tuesday November 24 - the incomparable Molly Johnson performed her hits plus the debut of a new song with special guest, The Philosopher Kings’ guitarist James Bryan. Backed by Davide DiRenzo, Mike Downes and Robi Botos, and a string quartet. Produced in partnership with the Toronto Star and with the generous support of Ontario Creates.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line65
__label__wiki	0.872946	0.872946	Medleyville Music coverage for eclectic tastes January 15, 2021 in Features: THE VOICE AND THE STORY January 1, 2021 in Features: SYMBOLIC GESTURE December 10, 2020 in Features: A CONNECTED SOUND Home » Columns » SOUNDING OFF: 2016 IN MEMORIAM SOUNDING OFF: 2016 IN MEMORIAM Listening to late greats without prejudice can be good for the soul Posted on December 29, 2016 by medleyville in Columns // 0 Comments Pop culture has had quite a somber year, with era-defining athletes, beloved film legends and honored TV staples passing away over the past 12 months. But the music world may have been hit the hardest in terms of losing impact players, starting with the Jan. 10 death of David Bowie. The most recent was the Christmas Day loss of George Michael at age 53, and while it’s certainly sad news for his fans and peers alike, maybe the outpouring of wonderful memories and touching tributes can enrich our understanding of ourselves and the world. Michael’s career spanned more than 30 years, both as a solo artist and as part of the pop duo Wham! For most of the 1980s, he was a fixture on MTV and pop radio. Like the aforementioned Bowie, Michael went through a number of image changes during his career, making him a true style icon and trendsetter. Of course with the fame came some backlash. Michael was tabloid fodder throughout the ’90s, mostly due to various arrests and his sexual orientation. He battled addiction up until the end of his life — nothing new for a pop star — and that shouldn’t tarnish his creative output. In the days since Michael’s death, there have been numerous social media postings from his contemporaries and those who were clearly influenced by his music and style, as well as others who saw him as a role model for how he handled his sexual orientation in the public eye: Heartbroken at the loss of my beloved friend Yog. Me, his loved ones, his friends, the world of music, the world at large. 4ever loved. — Andrew Ridgeley (Michael’s former Wham! partner) RIP George Michael. I can’t believe it. Such an incredible singer and a lovely human being, far too young to leave us — Bryan Adams George Michael, you were the smartest Pop Star I ever met, RIP now fella — Paul Young Other than a global pop phenom, George Michael was one of the true British soul greats. alot of us owe him an unpayable debt. bye George xx — Producer Mark Ronson Doesn’t matter what kind of music you are into, 2016 has taken its toll on all genres. @GeorgeMichael the latest. 53, crazy. Bring on 2017. — Radio personality Eddie Trunk All this online mourning of Michael has been in line with the typical reaction to the deaths of celebrity musicians this year: lots of #RIP tributes, the obligatory video clips shared from YouTube and some good use of the deceased’s lyrics (my favorite of Michael’s being #NeverGonnaDanceAgain from the Wham! hit “Careless Whisper”). Short of a trip to England for a Michael memorial or attending some sort of all-star tribute concert, this now-common behavior is an acceptable way these days to celebrate the life and career of a man who touched so many lives through his songs (as well as through his charitable work, most of which he purposely kept quiet). Personally, I can’t lay claim to being a big George Michael fan. I was in my early teens when he was at the height of popularity — therefore, I was “too cool” to like his stuff. I’ve never had a desire to see him in concert or collect his albums. But I can honestly say that within the past few years, in large part through hearing such acts as My Morning Jacket and Iron & Wine cover Michael’s songs, I have a greater appreciation of his material. I was reminded this week how poignant “Praying for Time” is. The lyrics ring true as a cautionary tale of how losing sight of what we have in our lives can cause us to miss it when it’s taken from us. I really love “Careless Whisper” because I do have ears and a heart, after all. But “One More Try” is the song that made me rethink Michael’s career. Lyrically, it’s filled with emotional struggle, with themes of self worth and defiance at its crux. Musically it’s fairly sparse — some haunting synth with basic drums and bass — but the vocals are the focal point. Michael goes from a hushed, whispery tone to the high-note peaks of the chorus, then comes back down with a softer touch. It’s not only one of the triumphs of his career but of 1980s pop music in general. It’s a very sad song that makes me feel better after hearing it. I can relate to the spirit of wanting to learn from prior mistakes but in the end giving in because it’s just easier to give the low road one more try. So even if it takes you until after an artist dies to dig into his or her body of work, don’t resist it. Read up on what made them special to fans. It doesn’t matter if you think you’re too cool for their catalog or have reservations about their lifestyle: Music is history, so celebrate it that way. We are in very uncertain times today — and bonding and uniting through a shared appreciation of a musician’s work is one way to break through any planned or existing walls (both literal and figurative). — By Mike Madden Sounding Off is a music opinion column on www.medleyville.us. Eddie Trunk FEELING MORE LIKE HERSELF Amanda Kravat resumes music career with new EP SXSW 2016 PREVIEW: SUMMER HEART LIGHT OF DAY 2016 Sweet Little Sixteen Kickoff Party/Jan. 14, 2016/Asbury Park, N.J. ENTICING ELEMENTS The Whigs, You Won’t and Mean Creek/Bowery Ballroom, New York/Jan. 24, 2015 A PEERLESS PROMOTER Philadelphia’s NMAJH presents extensive Bill Graham exhibit Categories Select Category Archives Columns Features Photo gallery Reviews Uncategorized	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line66
__label__wiki	0.832555	0.832555	Kate Hudson in the Watch Hunger Stop T-Shirt MICHAEL KORS KICKS OFF 5th ANNIVERSARY WATCH HUNGER STOP CAMPAIGN TO FIGHT GLOBAL HUNGER In anticipation of World Food Day on October 16, Michael Kors is pleased to unveil a host of exciting initiatives to support Watch Hunger Stop, the brand’s vital, annual campaign to fight global hunger. Download Photo Multiple Formats \| What's this? Embed What's this? Artist Eli… Kate Hudson Artwork by Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… Artwork by Eli… Hailee Steinfeld Watch Hunger Stop… Artist Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… Artist Eli… Kate Hudson Watch Hunger Stop… Watch Hunger Stop… Artist Eli… Kate Hudson Watch Hunger Stop… Artwork by Eli… Hailee Steinfeld Artist Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… Artwork by Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… Kate Hudson Artist Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… Artist Eli… Watch Hunger Stop… WatchHungerStop20… NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 17, 2018—In anticipation of World Food Day on October 16, Michael Kors is pleased to unveil a host of exciting initiatives to support Watch Hunger Stop, the brand’s vital, annual campaign to fight global hunger. The brand's partner in the effort is the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), and all funds raised support WFP's school meals program. Last year, WFP provided school meals to more than 18 million children in 60 countries, providing them with vital nutrition that helped them fulfill their potential. ARTIST ELI SUDBRACK \| ASSUME VIVID ASTRO FOCUS In celebration of the campaign’s 5th anniversary, Michael Kors has partnered with Eli Sudbrack I AVAF, a multi-media artist living and working between São Paulo and New York, for the 2018 Watch Hunger Stop campaign. In his signature, colorful style, Sudbrack created the design for this year’s limited- edition t-shirt. “When I was invited to this project, I was so happy to finally do something where I could reach out and help people’s lives in a very concrete way,” says Sudbrack. “I think every artist should do more of this, especially in the world we live in now. I come from a country that has a lot of issues with hunger and education. If you can solve those two problems, the world would be different.” WATCH HUNGER STOP T-SHIRTS For the first time, Michael Kors’ Watch Hunger Stop limited-edition t-shirts will be available for purchase online and in every Michael Kors lifestyle store in the US as well as select global stores. Created by Eli Sudbrack I AVAF, the t-shirt design honors the U.N. goal of achieving Zero Hunger in the world by 2030. For every t-shirt sold, Michael Kors will donate 100 meals to children in need through the World Food Programme, which means that 100% of the profits go to help feed hungry children.* Better yet, Michael Kors will donate 100 additional meals to WFP if customers “wear it and share it” by snapping a “selfless” selfie in their Watch Hunger Stop t-shirt and posting it online with the hashtag #watchhungerstop.* PARTNERSHIP WITH KATE HUDSON Kate Hudson knows the importance of supporting children and their communities. Michael Kors is honored to continue its partnership with the actress, author, entrepreneur and longtime supporter of Watch Hunger Stop and WFP, who will once again lend her talents to support the cause. “There’s something so simple but so deeply important about the work that the World Food Programme does,” says Hudson. “It is not just that [WFP] feeds children—though they do that and it’s incredible. They also work to support families and education and local economies, working towards a bigger picture that enables communities, and ultimately countries, to get back on their feet. I really do believe that if we work together at this, we will see an end to world hunger.” INTRODUCING HAILEE STEINFELD Hailee Steinfeld, who appeared in the 2017 Michael Kors The Walk campaign, will lend her influence to the cause for the first time this year. “It was an honor to team up with Michael Kors again, this time for such an important, worthy cause,” says the actress and singer. “All children deserve to have their basic needs met in order to fulfill their greatest potential. If we band together, we can end hunger for good.” WATCH HUNGER STOP SPECIAL-EDITION RUNWAY WATCH Special-edition watches have been a part of the Watch Hunger Stop effort since its inception, with 100 meals donated to WFP for each watch sold.* This year, the iconic Runway watch features a gold-tone case in a slimmer profile with a detailed map of the world on a turquoise-hued dial. The unisex style is sold exclusively this fall in select Michael Kors stores worldwide and online at michaelkors.com and retails for $275. SNAP TO DONATE To mark World Food Day, Michael Kors has created a special Watch Hunger Stop Snapchat geofilter that will launch on October 1. Just stop by almost any Michael Kors store in the US or UK, snap using the special geofilter, and 25 meals will be donated to WFP.* SHARE THE MEAL Share The Meal is the world’s first app against global hunger. An initiative of WFP, Share The Meal has bright, charming graphics, an effortless interface, and a wealth of facts and photos about people and places you’re delighted to get to know. With Share The Meal, you can donate as little as $.50 with a tap on your screen—and know you’ve helped someone. Download the Share The Meal app at http://wfpusa.org/MKSTM2017. During the month of October, customers can make a donation directly to WFP at the register in select Michael Kors stores around the globe. Just $5 feeds a child in school for a month. In select countries, visitors to WatchHungerStop.com can follow the on-screen link to donate to WFP directly. In the US, users can also text the word MKHUNGER to 50555 to make a $5 gift (message and data rates may apply). “Hunger is a global problem but it’s also a solvable one,” said Michael Kors. “However much you choose to get involved, you will make a real difference in someone’s life. One of my dreams is to see a world with Zero Hunger, and we are working hard with the United Nations World Food Programme to make that a reality. I’m proud of what Watch Hunger Stop has been able to accomplish so far, but we’re not done. So we continue to work together to zero.” Watch Hunger Stop: http://www.watchhungerstop.com/Destination Kors: http://www.destinationkors.com/ Michael Kors on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/michaelkors @MichaelKors on Twitter: http://twitter.com/michaelkors @MichaelKors on Instagram: - https://www.instagram.com/michaelkors/Michael Kors on Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/michaelkors/ To order the t-shirt or watch, visit http://www.michaelkors.com/watchhungerstopTo learn more about WFP, visit http://www.wfp.org World Food Programme on Facebook:www.facebook.com/worldfoodprogramme @WFP on Twitter: twitter.com/wfp * For each Watch Hunger Stop t-shirt or watch purchased from a Michael Kors retail store or official Michael Kors website, Michael Kors will donate 100 meals (US $25) to WFP. For each Watch Hunger Stop t-shirt selfie, Michael Kors will donate 100 meals (US $25) to WFP. For each snap using the Snapchat Watch Hunger Stop geofilter, Michael Kors will donate 25 meals (US $6.25) to WFP. Michael Kors will donate up to two million meals to WFP through 3/31/2019. WFP does not endorse any product or service. About Watch Hunger Stop Watch Hunger Stop, established in 2013, raises funds and awareness to help achieve a world with zero hunger. The brand's partner in the effort is the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), and funds go to support WFP's school meals program. In 2015, Michael Kors was named a Global Ambassador Against Hunger for the United Nations World Food Programme; in 2016, he was awarded the McGovern-Dole Leadership Award by WFP USA for his dedicated efforts to highlight and alleviate the crisis of hunger. About Michael Kors Michael Kors is a world-renowned, award-winning designer of luxury accessories and ready-to-wear. His namesake company, established in 1981, currently produces a range of products under Michael Kors Collection, MICHAEL Michael Kors and Michael Kors Mens, including accessories, ready-to-wear, footwear, wearable technology, watches, and a full line of fragrance products. Michael Kors stores are operated in the most prestigious cities in the world. In addition, Michael Kors operates digital flagships across North America, Europe and Asia, offering customers a seamless omni-channel experience. About the World Food Programme The United Nations World Food Programme—saving lives in emergencies and changing lives for millions through sustainable development. WFP works in more than 80 countries around the world, feeding people caught in conflict and disasters, and laying the foundations for a better future. This press release contains forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on such statements because they are subject to numerous uncertainties and factors relating to the operations and business environment of the Company, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. Forward-looking statements include information concerning the Company’s possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of its business strategy. These statements often include words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate” or similar expressions. The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on assumptions that the Company has made in light of management’s experience in the industry as well as its perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors that it believes are appropriate under the circumstances. You should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although the Company believes that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors could affect its actual financial results or results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from those in these forward-looking statements. Dinesh Kandiah VP, Global Communications MICHAEL KORS Dinesh.Kandiah@michaelkors.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line68
__label__wiki	0.751058	0.751058	New Church Worthies Rev. Dr. Jonathan Bayley SAMUEL CROMPTON, Inventor of the Wonderful Machine for Spinning Cotton, called the Mule WHEN the immense increase of this country in wealth, population, and influence among mankind arising from the stupendous cotton trade is considered, connecting us with America, giving the nation capacity to bear its burdens in the warlike troubles of the early part of the century, and maintaining at the present a population four times as great as it possessed a hundred years ago, it is interesting and suggestive to know that this vast growth of trade was largely owing to the inventions of three humble New Churchmen: Hargreaves, of Standhill, near Blackburn; Highs, of Leigh; and Crompton, of Hall-i'th'-Wood, the latter an old mansion in a beautiful and romantic region near Bolton. Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny, Highs the Water-frame, and Crompton the Mule, which combined the excellences of the other two. It is with this Crompton especially, a humble, spiritually-minded, excellent, and most ingenious man, with whom we have at present to concern ourselves. He was born at Firwood, lived afterwards at the picturesque old house called Hall-i'-th'-Wood, in which he was making his marvellous inventions, and cultivating his music, in his days of early manhood. There is a fine picture of him with his violin in hand, and his thoughtful face absorbed in meditation. He received the doctrines from his friend Samuel Dawson of our previous sketch, in early middle life, for at his death, June 26th, 1827, he had been over forty years a New Churchman. His knowledge of the doctrines of the New Jerusalem was obtained from his friend, who was then rejoicing in their full and glorious light, and he at once began practically to carry them out. He made an organ for the little Society at Bolton, of which he was an early member, and composed many beautiful tunes. He was a man of strict integrity, ardent in his attachments, and persevering in all he undertook. His religion was seen in his daily life, which was one ever seeking to perform uses, directed by profound thought. His portrait shows the face of a man deeply meditative, but also a man of order and peace. From indifference to the attainment of riches, he did not obtain a patent for inventions which have increased the wealth of the country to an incalculable extent. He probably had no idea of the astonishing growth of commerce that would follow in time from his improvements. He had been for some years a worker on Hargreaves' jenny. Greedy watchers were hanging about when Crompton was known to be scheming his more perfect machines, although he commenced doing so when he was only twenty-one, and it took him five years to complete his mule. The work he produced was so superior, and the wages of those who employed his methods were so increased, that he had to guard his plans from being caught up and carried out before he had matured them himself. In a letter to a friend he says, in regard to the mule, "The date of its being first completed was 1779. At the end of the following year I was under the necessity of making it public, or destroying it, as it was not in my power to keep it (for myself) and work it, and to destroy it was too painful a task, having been four and a half years at least, wherein every moment of time and power of mind, as well as expense, which my other employments would permit, were devoted to this one end, the having good yarn to weave; so that to destroy it I could not." Being of a retiring and unambitious disposition, he only regretted that public curiosity would not allow him to enjoy what he called his little invention to himself in his garret, and to earn by his own manual labour undisturbed the fruits of his ingenuity and perseverance. The very superior of his yarn drew persons from all quarters to ascertain the means whereby he produced it. His first machine was almost entirely of wood, and it had only about twenty or thirty spindles; all the parts of the work were comparatively heavy, but he and others continued to improve, making the several parts in metal, until one machine at the beginning of this century would work 400 spindles, and in 1835 mules of eleven hundred spindles each, or two thousand two hundred the pair, and self-acting, only requiring young girls to join the broken threads, annonced its wonderful perfection in its maturity. The mule, and the other inventions of which, after the steam engine, it may be considered to be the chief, have increased the population of Lancashire from 297,300 in 1750, to three millions and a half of people, and Yorkshire nearly as many, at the present day. And these people have comforts and advantages of which their forefathers little dreamed. In Crompton's time our manufacturers consumed three millions of pounds of cotton; in 1881 the enormous amount had been reached of fifteen hundred millions; and our readers may conceive faintly the wonderful effect this extent of peaceful, useful trade must have, in inducing friendly feeling and enlarged prosperity all over the world. Although Crompton took out no patent, the gratitude of the manufacturers benefitted was early acknowledged by a present, in the form of a subscription amounting to a hundred guineas. About twenty years afterwards there was another subscription of £400; and in 1812 the manufacturing public petitioned Parliament to recognise the merits of Mr. Crompton, and a grant was made of the sum of £5,000. It was then stated that 70,000 persons were employed on his machines, and they found work for 150,000 weavers. The capital then employed in factories, machinery, and mule-spinning was said to amount to four millions sterling, and in 1825 the amount was said to be four-fifths of the whole capital of the kingdom. Mr. Crompton's busy, useful life was not without considerable vicissitudes and sorrows. His excellent wife died early, and left him with a numerous small family, and many cares. He embarked in business, and did not succeed; but he paid his creditors every farthing. Inventors are not always successful in the commercial circle. During the remainder of his days he struggled with losses and disappointments; bearing them, however, with Christian patience and fortitude, acknowledged by all who knew him. Chequered by prosperity and adversity, he rejoiced to confess he found the doctrines of the New Church his constant and peculiar support. His only daughter kept his modest house in King Street, Bolton, where he died, leaving her but very poorly provided for. His own means were small, though he had always kind friends who delighted to show how much they appreciated him, and he had always the contented air of being in comfortable circumstances. His orderly life prevented him probably from having any active illness in his old age. He gently decayed and without pain faded away. Sustained by the truths he had so long embraced and loved, and which had consoled and strengthened him in all previous trials, he passed away quietly to heaven, almost unnoticed in the town, on Tuesday, June 26th, 1827, in the 74th year of his age. Soon after his departure, a feeling sprung up in Bolton and the manufacturing districts generally that his genius, his ability, and his worth had not been honoured as they ought to have been, and a desire was felt that something more should be done. This sentiment increased with the growth of the trade which his ingenuity had so much promoted; and at length it was determined there should be a statue erected to his memory. This was at length carried out. A life-size figure, in a sitting, thoughtful posture, on a square stone pedestal, the pedestal about six feet high, was erected in Nelson-square, fronting Bradshaw-gate. One side of the pedestal has a representation of the Hall-i'-th'-Wood, where Crompton lived when he invented the mule; and on the opposite side he is seen as himself working at the mule. It is a fine memento of their townsman, and Bolton now regards his name with homage and respect. September 24th, 1862, when the statue was unveiled, was a great day in Bolton. All the town was en fête, and there was a grand procession. Everybody strove to do honour to Crompton. Bands of music played, the trades walked, and the chief people of the town led the procession. The New Church people joined, and testified their respect and love for their brother just gone before. Little did that modest, excellent man dream that the time would come when his name would be echoed on all sides with acclamation. But, still better than the applause of thousands, was the assurance in his loving Christian heart that his name was written in heaven, and the sweet well-done of his Saviour would be his—"Well-done, good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of the Lord." Top \| Previous Chapter: Samuel Dawson \| Next Chapter: Oberlin \| Table of Contents Copyright © The Academy of the New Church	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line72
__label__cc	0.653129	0.346871	Mark Kaye’s music column This week, Mark discusses his new favourite band Vega4, looks forward to seeing Muse in concert and gives details of some special Xfm events coming up soon… Published on November 9th 2006. It's been just over a week since "In the City" came to a spectacular end, and I am still recovering. It was another great weekend of music in the city and Xfm's two breakthrough nights ended with the most stunning performances from local lad Liam Frost and my new favourite band Vega4. From Ireland and good mates with Snow Patrol they deserve to be the next big stadium band. They are on tour now and are playing 53 degrees in Preston next week, so I know where I will be on November 13th. Vega4's album "You and Others" is out now and has to be in the running for album of the year. Well the cat is out of the bag regarding Xfm Manchester’s plans for December, and it's a biggie! On December 8th we are having our first Winter Wonderland, a concert headlined by The Manic Street Preachers, and tickets have already sold out. It is going to be a great night of live music in Manchester and if you want to be there you will need to keep listening as my bosses have held some tickets back to give away on air so make sure you keep your radio on at all times. On the bill will be Badly Drawn Boy, Liam Frost, Starsailor and many more special guests. The gig will be opened up by the winners of Xfm's rock school which is a competition we are running to find the best under 18s band in Greater Manchester. It's a Friday night so at least there's no school the next day! If you are in a band and under 18 get your demo uploaded onto the Xfm website to be in with a chance of winning the night of your life opening Winter Wonderland. This Friday I will be joining 14,000 other Muse fans at the M.E.N Arena when the band roll into town for two sold out nights. I'll see you there for that and after missing them all summer I can't wait. Everyone I have spoken to said they were the highlight of all the festivals this summer so at the moment I feel like a child waiting for Christmas. Finally, I can't wait to start giving away tickets next week to see the Red Hot Chili Peppers at an intimate venue in London on November 22nd. It will be an amazing night and a chance for fans to see one of the world’s biggest bands up close as they perform tracks from their latest number one album ‘Stadium Arcadium’. Don't miss out on this incredible night. Tonks will start the ticket frenzy on his ‘Morning Glory’ show this Monday from 6am. Mark Kaye	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line74
__label__wiki	0.8477	0.8477	Saramago makes up with Portuguese Government by lallen \| April 16th, 2004 Jose Saramago has ended his long feud with the Portuguese government. After the ministry of culture refused to submit his novel The Gospel According to Jesus Christ for consideration for the 1992 European Literature Prize (because they felt it offended Portuguese Christians), Saramago moved to Spain and “vowed never to carry out official acts in the name of Portugal while the Social Democratics were in office unless they issued a public apology.” But earlier this month Prime Minister Jose Manuel Durao Barroso raised a white flag in the dispute, saying in an interview with weekly newspaper Expresso that he condemned acts which in the past “discriminated” the author. Durao Barroso, who was a secretary of state with the government in 1992 when Saramago’s book was barred, then invited the author to his official residence in Lisbon for lunch on Thursday. “After the statements which the prime minister made a few weeks ago I consider this matter completely closed,” Saramago told reporters after the lunch.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line75
__label__wiki	0.923208	0.923208	World News in Audio Tuesday, March 10, 1998 Published at 12:41 GMT Who's getting the Diana fund grants? Local projects will help landmine victims, a cause with which Diana was closely associated The charities receiving the first grants from the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund all represent causes for which the princess cared deeply. The princess was either patron or president of the first six charities, which are each being awarded �1 million, at the time of her death last August. She had been due to launch an appeal at The Osteopathic Centre for Children, the seventh charity, in September last year. But at the time of her death she was most closely associated with landmines. The final award is to be distributed to organisations involved with people affected by landmines. Centrepoint is one of the leading charities in the UK working to help young people who are homeless or at risk of being homeless. Since it was established in 1969, it has helped over 56,000 people. Each night the London charity provides accommodation to 450 youngsters. The English National Ballet The English National Ballet is one of the UK's leading classical ballet companies. Founded in 1950, it holds about 200 performances a year, and is watched by around 250,000 people. Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital Diana was deeply committed to children The Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital is the UK's leading specialist in paediatric services, research, evaluation and education in the field of child health. It was founded by Dr Charles West in 1852 and has more than 80,000 patients a year. The Leprosy Mission The Leprosy Mission is an an international Christian medical charity, caring for people affected by leprosy. It looks after about 200,000 people affected by leprosy through its own hospitals and programmes, and those it assists. It was founded in 1874 by Wellesley Bailey, an Irishman who was teaching in India. The National Aids Trust The National Aids Trust works across the UK to promote greater awareness on the HIV virus in all sectors of society and to maintain Aids issues on the national policy agenda. Established in 1987, it publishes Aids Matters Briefing, a regular synopsis of key policy issues related to Aids. It also co-ordinates the annual World Aids Day public awareness campaign, in partnership with the Health Education Authority. The Royal Marsden NHS Trust The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, with its associated Institute of Cancer Research, forms the largest comprehensive cancer centre in Europe and the second largest in the world. It is internationally renowned as a centre of excellence for research and development, education, treatment and care of cancer. The Osteopathic Centre for Children Established in 1991 with only 14 patients, The Osteopathic Centre for Children treats 25,000 patients a year. It is the only centre for paediatric osteopathy in Europe. Landmine organisations Small grants are going to be made to local projects dedicated to rehabilitating landmine victims. More than 1,000 non-government organisations are working locally, nationally and internationally to help landmine victims. They have been brought together by the umbrella group, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, and also by the International Committee of the Red Cross and Greenpeace. Back to top \| BBC News Home \| BBC Homepage � Relevant Stories 10 Mar 98�\|�UK Diana fund announces grants Diana fund - how the money will be spent Diana scratchcards on sale � Internet Links England National Ballet Royal Marsden NHS Trust International Campaign to Ban Landmines The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. � [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive]	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line76
__label__cc	0.737318	0.262682	Departments A-I EXEMPTIONS - TAX PROGRAMS Exemptions by Classification and Designation Certain real estate owned by religious, educational, and charitable organizations may be exempt from taxation. Real property exemptions are authorized by the Constitution of Virginia, Code of Virginia § 58.1-3600-3651. Exemptions fall into two categories. Exemption by "Classification" relates to property used for such uses as schools, houses of worship, or volunteer fire departments: Exemptions by "Classification" are administratively processed by the City Assessor’s Office. All requests for Exemption by Classification should be made by making application with the City Assessor’s Office. Exemptions by "Designation" relate to property used for purposes, and by organizations, not specifically "classified" in the Constitution of Virginia or Code of Virginia. Exemptions by "Designation" must be approved by the City Council: There is currently a moratorium on exemptions by "Designation" in effect. Rehabilitation Tax Credit Program – Encouraging Rehabilitation The City Assessor’s Office administers a program to encourage both homeowners and businesses to rehabilitate their properties and in return not pay full taxes on those improvements for a period of five years. The program is authorized by the Code of Virginia § 58.1-3220 & § 58.1-3221. The program criteria varies slightly between residential and commercial properties, as well as between certain areas of the City: Please see the an application for the current criteria. The exemption commences July 1st of the tax year immediately following completion of rehabilitation. The exemption is calculated at 100 percent of the rehabilitation credit for five years. An application must be filed prior to any renovations being started. Application fees are $125 for residential properties and $250 for commercial properties. Land Use Program – Agricultural, Horticultural & Forest Land The Land Use Assessment Program is provided for in the Code of Virginia § 58.1-3230-43 and allows localities to offer a program of special assessments for agricultural, horticultural and forest lands. Properties that qualify for this program are assessed on the value of the land for their production rather than fair market value. The purpose of the program is to encourage the continuation of farming and forestry. Various criteria, qualifying conditions and restrictions exist for acceptance and continuation in the program. Initial applications ($500 application fee) and annual revalidation applications must be filed by May 1 for July 1. A revailidation application fee of $500 is charged once every six years. Late initial applications and late revalidation applications may be filed from May 2 through June 30 with a $550.00 late application fee. Damage Tax Abatement In accordance with the Code of Virginia § 58.1-3222 property owners may be eligible for a real estate tax adjustment if they have been unable to use their home or a building for more than 30 days due to damage by a fortuitous happening beyond the control of the owner. The adjustment is based on the time period the building is unfit for use or occupancy. To qualify, property owners must meet all of the following criteria: The destruction or damage to the building decreases its assessed value by $500 or more. The damage causes the building to be unfit for use or occupancy for 30 days or more. The owner of the property files a Real Estate Tax Abatement Application within 6 months from the date of the damage. All requests for real estate tax abatements should be made by filing a Real Estate Damage Tax Abatement Application. Submission of the application to the City Assessor’s Office will be followed by an initial inspection by the City of Petersburg Code Compliance to determine if the building is unfit for use and habitation. It is the responsibility of the property owner to notify the City Assessor’s Office when the building has been made fit for use and habitation again. If the application is approved after the follow-up inspection, an adjusted tax bill will be computed according to the ratio which the portion of the year the building was fit for use, occupancy and enjoyment bears to the entire year. The bill will be adjusted by the Treasurer. The placement of a conservation easement or preservation easement on a property may reduce the real estate tax liability as a result of the diminution of the assessed value. Information on conservation easements and preservation easements is available from organizations such as the Virginia Outdoors Foundation, Nature Conservancy and the Commonwealth of Virginia’s Division of Historic Resources. Annual Report Fiscal Year 2021 Land Book, Reports, Minutes, Council Presentations Submit any issues City Announcements Real Estate Records What building code has been adopted by Petersburg? When is a Building Permit Required? What permit applications are available online? Tourism Video - City of Petersburg,VA Appomattox River Water Authority South Central Wastewater Authority 135 N Union Street	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line81
__label__cc	0.662937	0.337063	RareFilm Rare Films on Requests. Download Rare Classic and Selected Films, Request on Classic Movies Tag Archives: Madhubala The Great Mughal AKA Mughal-E-Azam (1960) K. Asif, Prithviraj Kapoor, Madhubala, Dilip Kumar July 9, 2020 Drama, Romance, War Set in the 16th century AD, the movie brings to life the tale of the doomed love affair between the Mughal Crown Prince Saleem Read More » Mahal (1949) Kamal Amrohi, Ashok Kumar, Madhubala, M. Kumar June 14, 2019 Drama, Horror, Mystery, Romance, Thriller Hari Shankar (Ashok Kumar) comes to claim his inheritance – a palatial building known as Shabnam Mahal. Read More » Amar (1954) Mehboob Khan, Madhubala, Nimmi, Dilip Kumar, Romance, Musical November 3, 2016 Musical, Romance Anju Rai lives a wealthy lifestyle with her widowed dad in a palatial house. She is now of marriageable age, and her dad has arranged her marriage with Advocate Amarnath. Both Anju and Amarnath meet and fall in love with each other. Shortly before their formal engagement, Anju notices a change in Amarnath – as he appears to be drifting further from her. Then he decides to demolish his house and re-built it, and also refuses to go near any Mandir – either alone or in Anju’s company. When part of the house collapses, he is injured, but recuperates quickly. It is then the town is set afire with rumors that Amarnath may have sexually molested a village belle named Sonia, who sells milk, lives a poor lifestyle with her widowed dad, cruel step-mother, and is to be married to the village goon, Shankar. Watch what happens when Shankar gets killed, and Sonia is arrested for killing him. 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Walter Ruben, Ricardo Cortez, Karen Morley, Anita Louise El bonaerense (2002) Pablo Trapero, Jorge Román, Mimí Ardú, Darío Levy Painted Fire AKA Chihwaseon (2002) Kwon-taek Im, Choi Min-sik, Sung-Ki Ahn, Ho-jeong Yu The Beyond AKA E tu vivrai nel terrore! L’aldilà (1981) Lucio Fulci, Catriona MacColl, David Warbeck, Cinzia Monreale Registered Nurse (1934) Robert Florey, Bebe Daniels, Lyle Talbot, John Halliday Origins of a Meal AKA Genèse d’un repas (1979) Luc Moullet Ballad of a Worker AKA Futari de aruita iku haru aki (1962) Keisuke Kinoshita, Hideko Takamine, Keiji Sada, Yoshiko Kuga Dead Eyes of London AKA Die toten Augen von London (1961) Alfred Vohrer, Joachim Fuchsberger, Karin Baal, Dieter Borsche Cosmic Slop (1994) Reginald Hudlin, Warrington Hudlin, Jorge Ameer, Larry Anderson, Noëlle Balfour Smashing the Money Ring (1939) Terry O. Morse, Ronald Reagan, Margot Stevenson, Eddie Foy Jr. The Story on Page One (1959) Clifford Odets, Rita Hayworth, Anthony Franciosa, Gig Young The Annihilators (1985) Charles E. Sellier Jr., Jim Antonio, Sid Conrad, Gerrit Graham Hong Kong Godfather AKA Jian dong xiao xiong (1985) Lung Wei Wang, Ka-Yan Leung, Norman Chu, Shu-Yuan Hsu 365 Nights in Hollywood (1934) George Marshall, James Dunn, Alice Faye, Frank Mitchell Babel – A Letter to My Friends Left Behind in Belgium (1991) Boris Lehman, Nathalie Balou, François Beukelaers, Maggy Collard Intimate Relations (1996) Philip Goodhew, Julie Walters, Rupert Graves, Matthew Walker The Accidental Tourist (1988) Lawrence Kasdan, William Hurt, Kathleen Turner, Geena Davis The Joy Luck Club (1993) Wayne Wang, Tamlyn Tomita, Rosalind Chao, Kieu Chinh Vlog (2008) Joshua Butler, Brooke Marks, Denyce Lawton, Skyler Caleb San Diego I Love You (1944) Reginald Le Borg, Jon Hall, Louise Allbritton, Edward Everett Horton Puddin’ Head (1941) Joseph Santley, Judy Canova, Francis Lederer, Raymond Walburn Darling (1965) John Schlesinger, Julie Christie, Dirk Bogarde, Laurence Harvey Housewife, 49 (2006) Gavin Millar, Victoria Wood, David Threlfall, Christopher Harper Cinema Inocente (1979) Júlio Bressane, Leovegildo Cordeiro, Nunes Pereira Take a Letter, Darling (1942) Mitchell Leisen, Rosalind Russell, Fred MacMurray, Macdonald Carey Warrendale (1967) Allan King, Martin Fischer The Holcroft Covenant (1985) John Frankenheimer, Michael Caine, Anthony Andrews, Victoria Tennant Seraphim Falls (2006) David Von Ancken, Pierce Brosnan, Liam Neeson, Anjelica Huston This Is My Street (1964) Sidney Hayers, Ian Hendry, June Ritchie, Avice Landone Stranger at My Door (1956) William Witney, Macdonald Carey, Patricia Medina, Skip Homeier Yakuza Graveyard AKA Yakuza no hakaba: Kuchinashi no hana (1976) Kinji Fukasaku, Tetsuya Watari, Meiko Kaji, Tatsuo Umemiya Before We Vanish AKA Sanpo suru shinryakusha (2017) Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Masami Nagasawa, Ryûhei Matsuda, Hiroki Hasegawa Manhunt AKA Zhui bu (2017) John Woo, Hanyu Zhang, Masaharu Fukuyama, Stephy Qi Up Front (1951) Alexander Hall, David Wayne, Tom Ewell, Marina Berti Hollywood the Golden Years: The RKO Story (1987) Edward Asner, Linwood G. Dunn, Ginger Rogers The Bookseller Gave Up Bathing AKA Bokhandlaren som slutade bada (1969) Jarl Kulle, Allan Edwall, Margaretha Krook The Great Skycopter Rescue (1980) Lawrence David Foldes, Aldo Ray, William Marshall, Terry Michos Aces ‘N’ Eights (2008) Craig R. Baxley, Casper Van Dien, Bruce Boxleitner, Ernest Borgnine Vixen! (1968) Russ Meyer, Erica Gavin, Garth Pillsbury, Harrison Page The Big Game (1973) Robert Day, Stephen Boyd, France Nuyen, Ray Milland From a Far Country (1981) Krzysztof Zanussi, Sam Neill, Christopher Cazenove, Lisa Harrow Boycott AKA Baykot (1986) Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Mohammad Kasebi, Majid Majidi, Esmat Makhmalbaf Time of Love AKA Nobat e Asheghi (1995) Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Shiva Gered, Abdurrahman Palay, Menderes Samancilar My Buddy (1944) Steve Sekely, Don ‘Red’ Barry, Ruth Terry, Lynne Roberts A Scandal in Paris (1946) Douglas Sirk, George Sanders, Signe Hasso, Carole Landis Act One (1963) Dore Schary, George Hamilton, Jason Robards, George Segal The Mirages AKA Mirazhi (1916) Pyotr Chardynin, Arsenii Bibikov, Tamara Gedevanova, Andrej Gromov The Vicious Circle (1957) Gerald Thomas, John Mills, Derek Farr, Noelle Middleton The Captive (1915) Cecil B. DeMille, Blanche Sweet, House Peters, Gerald Ward The Road AKA Jol (2001) Darezhan Omirbayev, Jamshed Usmonov, Saule Toktybayeva, Alnur Turgambayeva He Married His Wife (1940) Roy Del Ruth, Joel McCrea, Nancy Kelly, Roland Young Pepe (1960) George Sidney, Cantinflas, Dan Dailey, Shirley Jones Goodnight, My Love (1972) Peter Hyams, Richard Boone, Michael Dunn, Barbara Bain Turtle Diary (1985) John Irvin, Glenda Jackson, Ben Kingsley, Richard Johnson Gone AKA Försvunnen (2011) Mattias Olsson, Henrik JP Åkesson, Sofia Ledarp, Kjell Bergqvist, Björn Kjellman So This Is Love (1953) Gordon Douglas, Kathryn Grayson, Merv Griffin, Joan Weldon Lord Jeff (1938) Sam Wood, Freddie Bartholomew, Mickey Rooney, Charles Coburn I Could Read the Sky (1999) Nichola Bruce, Dermot Healy, Stephen Rea, Brendan Coyle Scandal Sheet (1985) David Lowell Rich, Burt Lancaster, Lauren Hutton, Pamela Reed I Am a Thief (1934) Robert Florey, Mary Astor, Ricardo Cortez, Dudley Digges Down on Us AKA Beyond the Doors (1984) Larry Buchanan, Sandy Kenyon, Joe Camp, Toni Sawyer Baby Doll (1956) Elia Kazan, Karl Malden, Carroll Baker, Eli Wallach Night of the Archer (1994) Paul Nicholas, Vladimir Oktavec, Avital Dicker, Barbara Carrera Beyond the Mat (1999) Barry W. Blaustein, Terry Funk, Mick Foley, Jake Roberts Once Upon a Horse… (1958) Hal Kanter, Dan Rowan, Dick Martin, Martha Hyer The Baby Carriage AKA Barnvagnen (1963) Bo Widerberg, Inger Taube, Thommy Berggren, Lars Passgård Hostile Takeover (1988) George Mihalka, David Warner, Michael Ironside, Kate Vernon I Like to Hurt People (1985) Donald G. Jackson, Abdullah the Butcher, Denny Alberts, André the Giant Black Mask 2: City of Masks (2002) Hark Tsui, Andy On, Tobin Bell, Jon Polito The Great Rupert (1950) Irving Pichel, Jimmy Durante, Terry Moore, Tom Drake The Set-Up (1949) Robert Wise, Robert Ryan, Audrey Totter, George Tobias Deadly Embrace (1989) David DeCoteau, Jan-Michael Vincent, Jack Carter, Mindi Miller Dragon Inn (1967) King Hu, Polly Ling-Feng Shang-Kuan, Chun Shih, Ying Bai Jericho (2000) Merlin Miller, Mark Valley, Leon Coffee, R. Lee Ermey The Man Who Finally Died (1963) Quentin Lawrence, Stanley Baker, Peter Cushing, Georgina Ward The Cats-Paw (1934) Sam Taylor, Harold Lloyd, Una Merkel, George Barbier Trail of Robin Hood (1950) William Witney, Roy Rogers, Trigger, Penny Edwards The Addiction (1995) Abel Ferrara, Lili Taylor, Christopher Walken, Annabella Sciorra Arhats In Fury AKA Ba bai luo han (1985) Hsing-Lai Wang, Au-ping An, Hongping Gao, Fu-sheng Ho Submarino (2010) Thomas Vinterberg, Gustav Fischer Kjærulff, Sebastian Bull Sarning, Mads Broe Andersen Left Bank AKA Linkeroever (2008) Pieter Van Hees, Eline Kuppens, Matthias Schoenaerts, Sien Eggers Guerrilla (2011) Nasiruddin Yousuff, Joya Ahsan, Ferdous Ahmed, Shampa Reza Leaves from Satan’s Book AKA Blade af Satans bog (1920) Carl Theodor Dreyer, Helge Nissen, Halvard Hoff, Jacob Texiere Tango libre (2012) Frédéric Fonteyne, François Damiens, Sergi López, Jan Hammenecker Bullhead AKA Rundskop (2011) Michaël R. Roskam, Matthias Schoenaerts, Jeroen Perceval, Jeanne Dandoy Murder Is My Beat (1955) Edgar G. Ulmer, Paul Langton, Barbara Payton, Robert Shayne Murder in the Air (1940) Lewis Seiler, Ronald Reagan, John Litel, Lya Lys The Sword and the Rose (1953) Ken Annakin, Richard Todd, Glynis Johns, James Robertson Justice Deadly Love (1987) Michael S. O’Rourke, Jim Alves, Cassie Brown, Eileen Hart Hassan and Nayima AKA Hasan wa Naimah (1959) Henry Barakat, Muharram Fuad, Suad Husni, Mohammed Tawfik Battle Circus (1953) Richard Brooks, Humphrey Bogart, June Allyson, Keenan Wynn ‘Gung Ho!’: The Story of Carlson’s Makin Island Raiders (1943) Ray Enright, Randolph Scott, Alan Curtis, Noah Beery Jr. 4 AKA Chetyre (2004) Ilya Khrzhanovskiy, Yuriy Laguta, Marina Vovchenko, Sergey Shnurov The Man Upstairs (1992) George Schaefer, Katharine Hepburn, Ryan O’Neal, Henry Beckman Paju (2009) Chan-ok Park, Wook Choi, Yeri Han, Man-sik Jeong Air Mail (1932) John Ford, Pat O’Brien, Ralph Bellamy, Gloria Stuart Show Boat (1929) Harry A. Pollard, Arch Heath, Laura La Plante, Joseph Schildkraut, Emily Fitzroy Passage West (1951) Lewis R. Foster, John Payne, Dennis O’Keefe, Arleen Whelan Upstream (1927) John Ford, Nancy Nash, Earle Foxe, Grant Withers The Dream of Garuda AKA Kôkyû sôpu tekunikku 4: Monzetsu higi (1994) Takahisa Zeze, Takeshi Itô, Saki Kurihara, Shirô Shimomoto Night Without Stars (1951) Anthony Pelissier, David Farrar, Nadia Gray, Maurice Teynac The Lad (1935) Henry Edwards, Gordon Harker, Betty Stockfeld, Gerald Barry Advice to the Lovelorn (1933) Alfred L. Werker, Lee Tracy, Sally Blane, Paul Harvey Tanganyika (1954) André De Toth, Van Heflin, Ruth Roman, Howard Duff Dimka AKA Ya kupil papu (1963) Ilya Frez, Aleksei Zagorsky, Olga Lysenko, Vladimir Treshchalov	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line83
__label__wiki	0.996628	0.996628	'The Meg' Is Closer to 'Jurassic Park' Than 'Jaws,' According to Star Rainn Wilson During a conversation about shark movies, it's only a matter of time before someone mentions Jaws. When I ask Rainn Wilson about Steven Spielberg's seminal 1975 thriller, a hint of awe enters the actor's voice as he reminisces about seeing it in theatres as a preteen. "I had never seen a movie like that before," he tells Exclaim! "Absolutely terrifying. It's filmed like a documentary — it felt so real. I had no idea that sharks were such a potential threat, and it definitely put me off from swimming in the ocean for years. I could only think about that fin moving back and forth." Wilson is carrying on the tradition with his latest role in The Meg. Directed by Jon Turteltaub (Cool Runnings, National Treasure) and starring Jason Statham, this raucous action movie follows a team of scientists who inadvertently discover a gigantic shark known as a megalodon. But while the film's namesake is an undeniably ferocious beast, Wilson is quick to point out that The Meg is nowhere near as traumatic as Jaws. "I think this is a little closer to Deep Blue Sea meets Jurassic Park," he reflects. "It's not a realistic shark movie at all. It's not based on real events. It's not set in the real world — it's set in an underwater research facility that's exploring the bottom of the Mariana Trench and unearths this prehistoric, non-existent-for-millions-of-years dinosaur." Sure, The Meg isn't particularly scary, but it's tons of fun. With action sequences galore and plenty of comic relief, it's a low-stakes action flick that's highly entertaining in its larger-than-life tone. For Wilson, who's best known for playing the dorky Dwight Schrute in the American adaptation of The Office, branching out into action is a relatively unfamiliar challenge. But even though he has limited experience when it comes to adventure movies, he's always jumped at any opportunity to get his hands dirty. "I love anything where I get to do a stunt, something physical," he reveals. "It's really exciting. I used to beg them on The Office to write me physical comedy and physical gags. Let me get hurt, let me fall off something." Wilson plays one of the film's most memorable characters, a billionaire named Jack Morris who's funding the deep-sea research project. He plays the role with a perfect mix: part shlubby, part suave. Put it this way: he's a businessman who wears original-model Air Jordans. "He's part villain, he's part comedic relief, he's part goofball, he's part billionaire industrialist authority figure," Wilson explains. "There are a lot of different colours to play. I really appreciated that he wasn't just a stock character. So many of these movies have the greedy industrialist villain, and he's got some traces that, but it's not exactly who he is." The actor modelled the character after real-life billionaires he has encountered, whom he describes as "boyish" and "entitled narcissists." Morris is selfish and motivated by money, but he also has a charming exuberance, making him a pleasure to watch despite his questionable morals. "I want to make everyone I play relatable and three-dimensional," says Wilson. "He's all things. It's kind of like we all are. He's likeable and he's also kind of a bastard. I'm kind of the same way." Wilson takes a long pause and adds wryly, "There's your headline: likeable bastard." More Rainn Wilson	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line85
__label__wiki	0.913197	0.913197	Martha Norris Gilbert, who led the former Virginia Department for Children, dies at 82 Jeremy M. Lazarus \| 12/10/2020, 6 p.m. Mrs. Gilbert Martha Norris Gilbert, who led the first Virginia agency that focused on children and was involved in expanding pre-school programming in public school divisions across the state, has died. As she once put it, “Every child born in America should have an even start, which includes a family, a home, clothes to wear, food to eat and the opportunity for optimal development.” Mrs. Gilbert, who also mentored cancer patients during her own 20-year battle with the disease, died on Tuesday, Dec. 1, 2020. She was 82. “My sister had two roles in life,” said her brother, Dr. James E.C. Norris, a plastic surgeon in New York. “She was a fierce advocate for children and an adviser to cancer survivors. She excelled in both.” Her life was celebrated Tuesday, Dec. 8, at a graveside service at Calvary Baptist Church Cemetery in Kilmarnock, where she grew up. Mrs. Gilbert was the daughter of Theresita and Dr. Morgan E. Norris, the first Black physician to practice in the Northern Neck and founder of an elementary school for Black children that she attended. A graduate of Hampton University who was voted Miss Hampton during her senior year, Mrs. Gilbert was recruited in 1982 to direct the new Virginia Department for Children that Gov. Charles S. Robb created. Mrs. Gilbert had experience in the field of early childhood education in New York. Beginning in 1958, she spent 11 years teaching pre-school children, first at the Dalton School and then at the Manhattan Country School, on whose board she later served. Mrs. Gilbert then became an instructor at the City University of New York’s Teachers Resource Center and then served as educational director of the Children’s Art Carnival in Harlem. Under her leadership, the Virginia Department for Children focused on everything from maternal health and day care to teen runaways, teen pregnancy, child safety and juvenile justice issues before it was merged into the state Department of Social Services in 1991. Mrs.Gilbert then moved on the Virginia Department of Education, where she led efforts to expand state-supported pre-school services in local school divisions that had long relied on the federal Head Start program. A friend, Gayle Turner, described her as a “gentle force” in early childhood education. Mrs. Gilbert left in 1996 to serve as director of special projects and personnel for Powhatan County. Since being diagnosed with lung cancer in 2000, she had served as an early childhood education consultant. She also became involved in helping other cancer survivors with advice and encouragement. Mrs. Gilbert was a former member of the state Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Commission and served on the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse. She was a member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, the James River Valley Chapter of The Links and The Bon Tons. Mrs. Gilbert was predeceased by her husband of 30 years, Robert “Bobby” Gilbert. In addition to her brother, Mrs. Gilbert is survived by her stepdaughter, Dina Gilbert of Charlotte, N.C., and other relatives and friends.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line87
__label__wiki	0.62708	0.62708	RonRolheiser,OMI A Showdown With True Love As a child, raised on the old catechisms, I was taught to believe in purgatory. In that concept, after death you went to heaven, hell or purgatory. Heaven and hell were final. Once there, you went to no place else. Purgatory was a transition state, a place separate from heaven. It was understood to be a place of suffering, of very intense suffering. We were constantly reminded to pray for the souls in purgatory. Suffering there was nearly as intense as in hell itself. However, unlike hell, purgatory was not permanent and the pains suffered there were purifying and not further embittering. This belief was more specifically Roman Catholic. Protestantism never quite bought into the concept. For them, there was no intermediate place between heaven and hell. Today, many persons, Protestant and Roman Catholic alike, are benignly indifferent to the question of purgatory. It is seen as a remnant of an older system of thought that is not Scripturally based and that has nothing vital to say about our relationship to God and each other. Occasionally, though with an increasing rarity, one still hears the question: “Does purgatory still exist?” Purgatory does exist, not because it is dogmatically nailed down in any single Scripture text, but because it is impossible to formulate a science of love and community without it. Likewise, it is impossible to speak of the paschal mystery without mention of purgatory. But these statements imply a certain understanding of what purgatory is. Purgatory is a stage of loving, the initial pain of entering into community. Mystics have classically defined purgatory as the pain of letting go of a lesser love and life in order to accept a deeper love and life. What is interesting in that definition is that purgatory is not a place separate from heaven, a place you go to in order to be punished for your sins so as to prepare you for heaven. Purgatory is the pain of entering heaven. This can best be explained by way of an example. Several years ago, a young man came to see me. At the time, he was also seeing a psychologist who had, in fact, sent him to me, a priest, to help him deal with some of his guilt. His guilt centred on his past life and had been triggered by his falling in love. He was in his mid-20s and had, more than a year before, become engaged to a young lady whom he deeply loved and who deeply loved him. She was an attractive and exceptionally good lady. She was his first serious love… and his first moral love. In the four or five years just prior to meeting her, he had lived irresponsibly. Although he had come out of a good family background, he had, during his university years, drifted away from the church, from prayer and from the church’s teachings on sexuality. During this period he had lived primarily by the pleasure principle What is curious is that during this period of irresponsibility, his threshold of inner conflict and pain was minimal. He had been self-confident, cocky, seemingly without excess anxiety, solidly convinced of his own goodness and not particularly given over to guilt. That self-confident world collapsed soon after he fell in love. In love with a very good and moral person, he became aware of himself in a new way. Initially, he simply felt guilty about his past sexual affairs, disappointed that in the light of meeting and falling in love with such a beautiful person, he had not previously been faithful to that relationship. Eventually, his inner conflict became more encompassing. To his credit, he sensed that he needed help to deal with this. He postponed plans to marry until, as he put it, he could get a better grip on his own selfishness and could work through some of his past and his guilt. What seemed strange at the time was why he should be in such pain now, just when he had so beautifully fallen in love. But his pain was necessary, purgative and redemptively produced by the love itself. Her love was saving him. It was a light that was showing him the dark corners of himself and it was also a power that was enabling him to face that darkness. This is the experience of grace. Grace is eventually ecstatic, but initially it can literally be as painful as hell. Purgatory, as this story illustrates, is the redemptive pain that follows falling in love. It is not an arbitrary punishment for sin. It is the pain of entering community. The pattern of love, community and salvation is not loneliness-falling in love-ecstasy, but loneliness-falling in love-a brief taste of ecstasy-a long painful conflictual purgative experience-ecstasy. Morris West once remarked: “All miracles begin with the act of falling in love.” Salvation begins there. Purgatory sits between initial and final salvation. What is Love Asking of Us Now? What is Your Practice? My Top Ten Books for 2020 Christmas as Shattering the Containers of our Expectations The Illusion of Invulnerability	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line88
__label__wiki	0.64899	0.64899	Work (or lack thereof), social strata of New York First things first: there will be a new issue of Air in the Paragraph Line soon, and I’m looking for contributors. The theme of the next issue will be Work (or lack thereof.) So if you have any fucked up tales of corrupt employers or savage burns you’ve pulled on The Man while at a place of business, send them my way. Click on the link above for more info. I read Toby Young’s How to Lose Friends and Alienate People yesterday. There were several forces that prevented this from happening earlier; the biggest was that when I started working on an anti-self-help book in the fall of 2001, I decided that this would be the perfect title. I worked on the book for a couple of weeks, then sort of wandered writing-wise, and then this smart-ass writes a book with the same fucking title! So that pissed me off for several years. Then, for some reason, I read half of a blurb on a subway over someone’s shoulder or something, and somehow got the idea that Young was working in the fashion industry. I assumed that his memoir was some sort of Devil Wears Prada thing, and wrote it off. But a few people told me I should read it, and I also found a used copy on Amazon for ONE CENT, plus shipping. And no, the shipping wasn’t $28, it was like $2. Anyway, I liked the book very much. His writing reminds me of Chuck Klosterman in some ways, although where Chuck might go off on obscure KISS trivia, Young goes off on obscure pseudo-academic history, which had the eyes glazing over. But the other stuff was great, because there’s something that I have in common with him, and it’s not as obvious to most people, which is that we’re both outsiders to New York, and the ludicrosness of the situation in Manhattan that would normally be endured by the fashionistas and aristocrats is something that we both notice, in an Emperor Wears No Clothes sort of way. You’re probably wondering what the fuck I mean, so I’ll break it down for you. I grew up in an essentially classless environment in Indiana. Yes, there were cliques, and maybe some legitimate racial segregation, but the richest of the rich and the poorest of the poor shopped at the same mall. The best golf course in Elkhart in 1987 was only marginally better than playing in a gravel driveway. People didn’t ‘summer’ or spend time in Europe. I don’t know who the richest kid in my graduating class was, but there’s a pretty good chance his or her house had aluminum siding just like mine. I’m not saying that the cruelness of children didn’t create great social divides among us; but I’m saying the income of the rich and the income of the poor was probably close to the amount I currently have in my checking account. I showed up in New York in 1999, and it was a totally different world. The richest of the poor and the poorest of the rich were set apart by seven or eight digits of salary per year. Something that Young explained was that he came from this strict social class system in England, where you never moved above or below a certain level, based pretty much on who your parents were. And if you were stuck in the middle, why should you work hard to become the next Bill Gates? You never could, so keep slumming. Contrast that with New York, where everyone says there are no social classes, and the poorest guy can become the richest person in the world if he just pulls himself together and gets out there. Americans love to think this country is a meritocracy, and in some ways it is, but in New York, there’s this artifical aristrocracy, and it’s something I never really could digest properly. A lot of people in New York do stuff not to do stuff, but because they think if they do it, that moves them a little closer to the top. The biggest example I can think of is summering in the Hamptons. The other example is how people don’t actually process movies or books, but usually only memorize that one catch phrase that coincidentally is also the first sentence of the New Yorker’s review. (Cases in point: Anthony Bourdain’s Kitchen Confidential – every single person who said they read that book and didn’t said it was “the don’t eat fish on Monday” book, and that has so little to do with the actually the book, it’s stupid. It’s like saying the bible was the “how to build an ark” book. The other example is Bowling for Columbine, where EVERYONE I knew said “oh yeah, that movie’s about how horrible guns are,” even though it was about how horrible the news media is. Same goes for Fast Food Nation and the fact that everyone says the book talks about how horrible McDonald’s was, when it was actually pretty neutral about MCD and spent a lot more time picking at Jack in the Box and the cattle industry.) There is such a strong groupthink in this city, it’s impossible to deal with. And the reason this makes this faux-meritocracy so hard to deal with is that the upper-upper-class believe both that “anyone can make it to the top,” even though they are probably at the top because of their parents’ money and influence, but they also simultaneously think that because they are at the top, they are there to stay and they can piss on everyone below them. That’s what makes Enrons happen, not Republicans or Democrats; it’s people so out of touch with reality that doing such horrible things seems normal. And that thought pattern trickles down through the tree until you have people in the upper-middle-class that think it’s okay to spend $800 on a purse because Carrie Bradshaw had one. Toby Young also really had his finger on the dating situation here in New York. He said most women, knowingly or unknowingly, are just looking for the proper attributes that will produce a man that is marriage material, much like how you shop for a new car or hire someone for an office position. In the people that I met here during the fivish years I was single, almost all of them were looking at what I was, not who I was. And that sort of feeds into the above, in that a woman would rather date a bland guy who had a nice summer house than an interesting guy that her coworkers might think isn’t a good long-term investment. I’m just glad I somehow beat the million-in-one odds and found someone who wasn’t like that. Anyway, book was good. I’ll pick up his next one now, although it just came out, so I’m sure it will cost more than a penny… Tags books, New York Obsessed with shuffle I have become obsessed with shuffle. Let me explain. I have a lot of music, or at least I think I do. I know people with 10,000 CDs and I know people with three. Anyway, this adds up to a bunch of songs, and I have ended up with something like 6000 in my iTunes library. (Actually, 6143 – I had to check.) So that’s the kind of music collection that some people would say “I have more than that in my Q section”, and other people might say “you really need to get a hobby.” But it is what it is, I have 6143 songs. And for what it’s worth, I’ve pretty much stopped buying music, so it’s not going to be 12,000 songs by December. [2020 update: it’s now just a few shy of 20,000 songs.] Typically, I leave the house with my iPod, and on my way out the door, decide “I’m listening to x.” Then I select an album, go to track 1, and start listening. This is analogous to the old tape walkman days, when I’d decide on a band and title, put it in the tape player, and listen to it. Except instead of three or four tapes in my backpack, I have 6143 songs. This means two things, first that I only listen to a handful of music that I actually carry around with me. The other is that I sometimes become paralyzed with choice, totally freeze up, and go back to Rush – Moving Pictures or whatever. (Actually, thanks to iTunes, I can tell you that the most-played album, probably due to my indecision, is Guns N’ Roses – Use Your Illusion 2. Sometimes I think it was better when I didn’t have the technology to figure that out so exactly, and I had to resort to examination of tape case wear.) To further complicate this, my current commute lets me listen to about 15 minutes of music if I take the train, and maybe 30 minutes if I walk. I used to get in a whole CD or more during the train ride, but switching islands has changed that. I also don’t get to read as much, but that’s another conversation. I never used to listen to music at work. I’m not sure why, especially since everyone else does, and I’m in cubeland, so there are plenty of distractions and conversations I’d rather not hear. But last week, I gave up and decided to get out the iPod and create my own background noise. And for what it’s worth, I got a lot more work done, and time passed much faster. Plus I got to listen to music, which is good, because I was seriously worried that I was becoming one of those people who only own three CDs and when asked about their favorite music, they usually say “whatever’s on the radio,” or, even worse “Oh, I listen to everything!” In both cases, this means the person only listens to the two dozen songs that ClearChannel wants them to hear, and the latter is more annoying, because last time I checked, “everything” was the definition of a set containing all things, including Cannibal Corpse, skinhead hatecore, and Japanese experimental jazz, all of which would freak the fuck out of these people. (These are also the same kind of people who would pay $180 for tickets to a Rolling Stones concert, even though they own none of their albums and can’t name more than three of their songs, and when asked for their rationale, all they can say is “WOOOOO! ROLLING STONES!”) Music at work is great. I remember working in factories or taking drafting classes in high school, where we had the radio tuned to WAOR constantly, and even though they played “We Built This City” every fucking hour, there was still a chance they would break out some old Van Halen or slip in a number from the first Boston album. My problem, however, was that I still had that deer-in-headlights panic about what the fuck to put on the player. Back in the tape era, or even in my MiniDisc days, you were forced to listen to whatever you carried, and usually a series of coin tosses could determine that. But that didn’t work when you have all of this fucking music. So I broke down. I shuffled. I have hated shuffle mode on the iPod. I hated it even more when Apple came out with the Shuffle, a player the size of a pack of gum with no screen, no software, no features, and almost no memory. To me, it was the stupidest thing since IBM tried to sell OS/2 as an alternative to Windows. It was stupider than BetaMax. It was stupider than the Yugo. And they sold like hotcakes, and that really pissed me off. Why? It was basically saying that millions of people wanted to load exactly seven songs, all from the “Hey, Remember the 80s?” genre, and didn’t give a damn about substance or features or expandability, they just wanted to listen to Cyndi Lauper sing “Girls Just Wanna Have Fun” on repeat while jogging. It’s no secret that I like a lot of music that could be categorized as “album-oriented.” What that means is the experience is better if you listen from track one to track twelve, and there aren’t any hits that can be cherry-picked out and listened without the context of the rest of the album. Bands like Yes or Rush don’t put out hits; they put out albums. If you loaded an iPod Shuffle with old Yes albums and put it on blend, you’d have an aneurysm. You’d seriously shit blood for a week. And it doesn’t help much that most of their songs are 27 minutes long. You could jog the Boston marathon and only be three songs into their 70s backcatalog. But I’ve always thought of the world as people who like listening to albums, and people who listen to songs randomly. And the former usually hate radio, because it neglected whatever prog/experimental/death/thrash/obscure rock movement to which they subscribe, while the latter love radio, so maybe that’s why. I don’t know, but I always thought album/shuffle was like oil/water, Bush/Kerry, or Roth-era Van Halen/Hagar-era Van Halen. A few days ago, I was listening to aforementioned Rush album for the 8th time, and I broke down and said “fuck it, fuck it, fuck it” and put my iPod on shuffle. And at first, it wasn’t entirely bad. For every song I liked, I had to click Next four or five times to get another one that was okay. But sometimes it would pick two or three songs in a row that I liked, and sometimes they strangely fit together. That made me wonder, “how does it shuffle the songs?” And that was pretty much my last free thought before this consumed me. Why? I don’t know. The iPod’s shuffle settings are buried in the firmware, unlike iTunes, which has them on a preferences page. But that still didn’t tell me anything. Did it use rating tags? Genre? Artist or album? Songs listened to all the way through? If I listen to “Iron Man” on a Sabbath record, is it going to throw “Crazy Train” from an Ozzy solo record on the pile? Does it like recently-added songs more? HOW DOES IT WORK? I’m the kind of person that, at a very early age, took apart absolutely everything to find out what made it work. (This was before the era of Torx fasteners, when a #1 Phillips would undo anything.) And I’m still that way about computers and software. But maybe because I listened to the iPod ten hours a day, I needed to know more. Google returned a million sites in Eastern Europe or Indonesia that are giving away free iPod Shuffles if you send them your credit card numbers and signature, but nothing conclusive about the shuffle algorithm. To further confuse things, iTunes has a thing called “Party Shuffle”†, which can use ratings to pick songs. Some sites said it was totally random, some said there must be something more. But after thinking about it, I realized my next little obsession: Smart Playlists. iPods and iTunes have playlists, where you create a list in iTunes, add a shitload of songs (in some order, if you’re not a shuffler), and then the list gets zapped to the iPod. It’s the 21st century equivalent to the mix tape, except if you send your playlist to a friend, they also need all of the song files, too. A Smart Playlist is a like that, except you don’t add songs; you add parameters that determine what songs will be played. For example, you’ve got a bunch of Weird Al albums. You create a Weird Al Smart Playlist, that selects every song in your library where Artist=Weird Al. Sync the iPod, select that list, and you’ve got “Eat It” and “Like a Surgeon” playing away. When you buy a new Weird Al album and add it to the library, those tracks magically appear on your new list. Want it to play Weird Al and Dr. Demento? Add a second thing on the list for Artist=Dr. D and you have both of them on the list. This immediately stuck me as a great way to limit what came on the headphones during the work day. Like, one problem is that I have a lot of comedy albums, and when I’m jamming away to some tunes, I don’t want a seven-second Bill Hicks joke to break in. So I made a “no talk” Smart Playlist, and said “don’t play anything that’s in the Comedy, Spoken Word, or Speech genre.” Worked perfect. The other thing is the rating deal. Songs can be rated from one to five stars, or not at all. You can now update these on the iPod, too. I don’t know if the shuffle looks at this or not, but I do know you can play or not play stuff based on ratings in a Smart Playlist. So I started added ratings as I listened to stuff. One star is “I don’t want to ever hear this when I’m shuffling.” Three stars is the average. Two is a little less; four is a little more. Five stars is one of my absolute favorite songs. I immediately rated anything under about 20 seconds as a one, because I hate it when just the intro sample, talking part, or weird gothic keyboard shit plays and then that’s it. (This always reminds me of a time in high school I was at Pizza Hut with a couple of friends, and I went to the jukebox and wanted to hear a song by Van Halen, so I picked “1984.” Well, that’s the stupid keyboard intro to “Jump,” so that played for ten seconds and not the song, and I was out 25 cents.) Last night, I got into iTunes and started mass-rating stuff. It’s a pain in the ass to stay consistent, and I got so locked into it, that I forgot about the outside world, and then suddenly it was like two hours later, and I was midway through the D bands. I think it will take me about six years to rate everything, if I quit my job and never sleep. So yeah, that’s why I haven’t been writing much lately. I had more to say about this, but iTunes is in the other window, and I keep clicking at ratings as songs scroll down the list. Very addicting. The perks of being a blocked writer The Death of Death Back in the big smear My occasional history with film Xanadu House and 80s nostalgia Curators Versus Creators There has to be a better way to wash dishes KONCAST Episode 4: First Concerts, Last Concerts CVS woes Stop bath acid memories Transit strike On the firing of a dentist Rumored out Red Mars, dumb metal New Mac	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line89
__label__cc	0.679211	0.320789	Home / About, Developing, Featured, Latest Research, Managing, Open Innovation, Open Innovation, Process, Research, Researchers / Potential of Fisheries Industry as a Contributor to Oman’s Exports and Economic Development Potential of Fisheries Industry as a Contributor to Oman’s Exports and Economic Development By OIC Editor • on July 1, 2020 The European Journal of Business and Management reported that on the development of marine biotechnology in Oman, Al-Belushi, et. al., (2015) found the potential for capacity building through open innovation, examined the current state of the art in the emerging and strategically important marine biotechnology sector in Oman, which has a long coastline, rich marine heritage and strong fishing industry. It was further stated in this study that in a knowledge-based economy, the ability to innovate is a key factor increasing organizational competitiveness and this may be achieved using open innovation. In addition, they said, that the use of open innovation to increase collaboration between companies, universities and government research institutes needs to be significantly strengthened. Patent-Related Actions Taken in WTO Members in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic European Commission Announces Support for the Venture Center of Excellence Program Lab Partnership Launched to Support and Grow Open Innovation The Practice of Open Innovation by SMEs in the Food Industry	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line96
__label__wiki	0.759505	0.759505	B. Backgrounds to the phenomena: five contexts In Appendix A, open sourcing while private sourcing was described as a phenomenon in seven cases. Over a decade, these cases had sometimes sequential and sometimes nearly contemporaneous events were learnings in one could influence another. In addition, the individuals involved in depth in one case might be an influencer or participants in another. In this Appendix, five overarching background contexts are described as the background for open sourcing while private sourcing between 2001 and 2011: IBM's senior managers, from 2001, advancing strategic bets on future drivers of industry, business, computing and marketplace; IBM employees, since 1996, engaging online with w3 intranet platforms for global knowledge exchanges and social sharing; IBM consultants, from 2004, probing to confirm business priorities through industry-based executive studies; IBM researchers, from 2004, exploring social changes influencing new organizational and technological opportunities on longer horizon; and At large, from 2000, businesses, creatives, governments, makers and academics, taking up open sourcing. These contexts coincided with an atmosphere of positivity and collaborative teaming amongst IBMers for a decade. More detail is provided in each of the sections following. B.1 IBM senior managers, from 2001, advancing strategic bets The network-centric computing vision presented by IBM CEO Lou Gerstner did not get the attention of Wall Street analysts in 1994, nor did it resonate at Comdex presentations in 1995 (IBM 2011b). When the idea was refined less technically and enterprise customer started to appreciate what the Internet might do, e-business became the galvanizing mission for IBM in 1999. We infused it into everything—not just our advertising, product planning, research agendas, and customer meetings, but throughout our communications and operations—from my e-mails, broadcasts, and town hall visits to the way in which we measured our internal transformation. It provided a powerful context for all of our businesses. It gave us both a marketplace-based mission and a new ground for our own behaviors and operating practices—in other words, culture. Most important, it was outward-facing. We were no longer focused on turning ourselves around. We were focused on setting the industry agenda again. We shifted the internal discussion from “What do we want to be” to “What do we want to do” (Gerstner 2002, 320). The e-business vision not only presented a future for enterprise-scale customers, but for the ways that IBM itself would change (Sager 1999). In business and the Internet, the “real revolution” would be when “big business turns e-business” (The Economist 1999). In 2000 and 2001, the confidence in Internet-based businesses shifted from buoyant to shaken. The NASDAQ index peaked in March 2000, and the dot-com bubble burst into a dot-bomb shakeout of new e-commerce startups (Madslien 2010; The Economist 2000). At March 2001, the NASDAQ market had lost 60% of its value, and NYSE, European and Japanese markets had fallen to lows of 2 to 3 years earlier (BBC News 2001). After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, stocks fell further (Ulick 2001). The IBM 2001 annual report, published in April 2002, reflects much of the context for the industry in the prior decade. The cover was a letter by outgoing CEO Louis Gerstner that acknowledged recent challenges, yet foreshadowed a future with even greater change for the industry: I want to use this occasion to offer a perspective on what lies ahead for our industry. To many observers today, its future is unclear, following perhaps the worst year in its history. A lot of people chalk that up to the recession and the “dot-com bubble.” They seem to believe that when the economies of the world recover, life in the information technology industry will get back to normal. In my view, nothing could be further from the truth. Louis V. Gerstner (IBM 2001). Inside the annual report, the shift that was foreseen was “that customers are finally driving the direction of the information technology industry”. IBM's direction, looking forward, was described as a “handful of strategic bets on the future drivers of industry”.839 The four drivers emphasized were: 1. The New Industry Model: Innovate or Integrate 2. The New Business Model: Services-Led 3. The New Computing Model: Infrastructure Plus Ubiquity 4. The New Marketplace Model: An Open Playing Field Prior to 2001, IBM has participated in the rise of the Internet, and in open standards. The execution of the strategic bets would be left in March 2002 to the new CEO Sam Palmisano, as Lou Gerstner stepped down (Kirkpatrick 2002). This 2002 formal statement of strategy set a foundation for strategies that included open sourcing while private sourcing. The implications of each of the four drivers is described below. B.1.1 IBM would lead the industry by both innovating and integrating The IBM 2001 annual report saw industry survival as either innovating or integrating, but industry leadership as both innovating and integrating. This was the first strategic bet on the future drivers of the information technology industry. Innovation that in the 1960s and 1970s had come from vertically integrated technologies companies … … had given way by the early 1990s to a dizzying array of “pure play” companies (specialists in PC, databases, application software and the like). This explosion of entrepreneurial and technical creativity was, on the one hand, a testament to our industry’s enduring power. [….] As I/T moves out of the back office and into the executive suite, value and growth in our industry are driven less than they used to be by technical innovation or product excellence, as necessary as those remain (IBM 2001, 3). IBM could approach executive suite leaders with a message of innovating for value and growth, whereas niche companies would approach functional managers with the promise of technical innovation or product excellence. The fragmentation of technologies and initiatives led to the need for integration work to be contracted with professional services companies. With technology and services coming from two different sources, the weight of transformation had to be borne by customers. What matters most today is the ability to integrate technology into the lifeblood of business. The people who help customers apply technology to transform their businesses have increasing influence over everything from architecture and standards to hardware and software choices and partners (IBM 2001, 3). IBM's strengths had traditionally been as a full-service, one-stop provider. The strategy going forward would be for IBM both to innovate and to integrate, both in the technological and organizational senses. One way in which IBM would simultaneously innovate and integrate is by open sourcing while private sourcing. Innovating through open sourcing features divergent and convergent phases, but often lacks the credibility to break through to enterprise scale implementations. Private sourcing appeals to a customer preferring predictability and low risk in the technologies that the organization practically adopts and maintains. IBM could make open sourcing credible, complementing its traditional private sourcing offerings. Integrating the mix of open sourcing and private sourcing components would be a responsibility that IBM would take on, for enterprise scale companies. Working with industry committees on open standards would allow customers the possibility of alternative providers, allying fears of technology lock-in. Both innovating and integrating restored an emphasis on the business value of technology, counter to the leaps of faith leading to dot-com crash. B.1.2 IBM would evolve e-business from services-led to on demand The IBM vision of e-business was essentially the adoption of Internet technologies inside enterprise-scale organizations. The heritage of IBM relied on revenue streams from the 1980s on mainframe computing, and from the 1990s on client-server systems. In 2001, the success in professional services was heralded with IBM Global Services as “the world's largest and most innovative consultancy, systems integrator and strategic outsourcing leader”. However, the 2001 annual report foreshadowed the shift from selling hardware, software and IT services with a further disruption of: … utility-like delivery of computing—from applications, to processing, to storage. We see the beginnings of this trend in Web hosting and our own “e-business on demand” offerings, where customers don’t buy computers, but acquire computing services over the Net, on a pay-for-use basis (IBM 2001, 3). This second strategic bet represented a new business model, not just in professional services, but web technology services between machines (via machine-readable formats, e.g. XML and JSON). This vision of e-business evolving to computing as a utility would require development of virtualization technology and new business models that would be known as cloud computing after 2006. In 2002, the IBM messaging on e-business shifted to an e-business on demand model described with three major components: IBM infrastructure on demand of core services (i.e. processing, storage and bandwidth); IBM business process on demand: pre-integrated software from IBM and IBM Business Partners encompassing horizontal and vertical business processes; and Know-how: worldwide consulting support from IBM and IBM Business Partners to ensure best practices integral to every solution (IBM Global Services 2002). For customers to migrate from in-house provisioning of computing resources, implementations by a variety of information technology providers would have to coevolve with emerging industry standards. This would be a race of open sourcing while private sourcing, where the value of a reliable utility would be challenged with disruptive innovations. The “service-led” vision of e-business on demand was organizationally positioned at IBM Global Service (and in the Strategic Outsourcing unit, in particular) as well as the extended IBM business partner community. The evolution of transforming an organization from product orientation towards a services and software business would continue through to the IBM CEO following Sam Palmisano in 2012, Ginny Rometty. B.1.3 IBM would invest in enterprise systems, integrating middleware, and specialized high-value components Under Lou Gerstner, IBM's investments had followed a “barbell” pattern: the highest value was seen in early electronic components parts and later services; lower value would come in the middle computer manufacturing parts. This led to IBM entering joint partnerships to develop and produce PowerPC chips for Apple Macs and Sony Playstations.840 Gerstner ... sketches his vision on the easel in his office: a vertical barbell. The big weight at the bottom is components. At the top end is services. The skinny bar in the middle is everything else: PCs, servers, network gear. Profits are moving to the ends of the barbell, Gerstner says. The companies in the middle? “They’re becoming assemblers. The value is being pulled down to the people who have the real underlying assets.” Look at Intel and its 23% aftertax margin: “They’re at the bottom of the chain–and they make all the money.” The barbell is especially tough on IBM. In the one market it still dominates–mainframes–prices drop so fast that IBM had to sell twice the horsepower in the first half to muster a 10% rise in revenue. IBM’s services business is booming ..., but profit margins are lower than in hardware (Lyons 1999). The barbell pattern would lead IBM to de-emphasize some industry segments to the point of effectively exiting them. As examples, IBM left enterprise application software to companies like SAP and left networking hardware to companies like Cisco, while providing customers with middleware software to integrate across information systems. In the 2001 annual report, the third strategic bet as on “a new computing model: infrastructure plus ubiquity”. The rise of the Internet would see computing workloads moving back to the industrial-scale server technologies. Mobile phones, videogame consoles and television set-top boxes would soon decline in price within the reach of consumers. The pervasive computing trend that would become the Internet-of-Things would take hold a decade later. By 2002, e-business was getting traction as a trend. It was a vision moving away from client-server computing based on personal computers that relied on private sourcing connections to specific server hubs. It was a vision moving towards network-centric distributed computing where intelligent devices and computers could connect in a variety of ways through middleware based on open standards. This meant that, on one end of the scale, the workload was moving back to the infrastructure—to industrial-strength servers, storage, databases and transaction-management systems. On the client end, it has spawned a proliferation of network-connected devices of all kinds: PDAs, cell phones, videogame systems, set-top boxes and beyond—to the whole pervasive-computing world of embedded components in everything from household appliances, to medical devices, to cars. And tying it all together was an emerging category of software with a wonderfully descriptive name, which hardly anybody had heard of five years ago -- middleware (IBM 2001, 4). In the decade 2001-2011, the technologies of an e-business on demand vision would include (i) virtualization and cloud computing platforms, where operating systems would run on software emulators across private and public domains rather than bare metal physical machines, (ii) new devices with embedded technologies, such as smartphones and tablets; and (iii) middleware in a service oriented architecture that rationalized application functions into reusable and more manageable web service components. IBM would continue to focus on being a provider to businesses rather than to end consumers. As the technology evolved, the company would have to simultaneously advance its investments in private sourcing, while participating with open source communities on evolving standards. B.1.4 IBM would turn toward open architectures and common standards Until its termination in 1996, IBM leadership was conscious of a 1956 consent decree with the U.S. Department of Justice (Passell 1994; U.S. Department of Justice 1996). The decree, a settlement so that an anti-trust investigation would be ceased, required IBM to sell its machines as well as to lease them, and to continue to provide services and parts for computers no longer owned by IBM. The provisions were terminated for (i) personal computers and workstations by January 1996, (ii) midframe computers (e.g. AS/400 products) by 2000, and (iii) mainframe computers (e.g. S/390 products) by 2001. The weight of the consent degree, said Lou Gerstner in his outgoing chairman's statement in the 2001 annual report, had IBM “so acutely aware of the siren call of proprietary control that we have learned to resist it”. The fourth strategic bet on “an open playing field”, in a networked world of computing. Private sourcing would not be the only way IBM would deal with customers. Participating through open sourcing would enable both IBM and other technology providers to have interoperable platforms for the benefit of its clientele. In a customer-driven world, open architectures and common standards are inevitable. Today, we are focusing all our technical expertise and marketing energy—previously devoted to creating and marketing self-sufficient systems—toward reimagining and rebuilding them for open platforms. We now share our emerging software products with the developer community; license our technology and patents; and champion common standards at all levels, from Linux, to Java, to Web services. Most important of all was the work we undertook to open up our technical architectures. Absolutely every piece of IBM hardware and software today is a fundamentally different beast (and a more socialized one) than it was ten years ago (IBM 2001, 7). IBM already had a strong history of working with industry standards groups, and customer councils. The alignments reflected IBM's strong installed base of heritage IBM offering lines (e.g. the z/Architecture mainframes, iSeries midrange servers, pSeries Power Unix servers, xSeries Intel-based servers) targeted for different conditions and purposes. Under Gerstner's reign, the feasibility of installing the same IBM software product across the variety of platforms improved. In the age of the Internet, however, the popularity of Linux and Unix servers would lead to an interoperable open sourcing orientation. Evolving from the e-business vision centered on the Internet towards a broader open source perspective had been in discussion by IBM's leaders, since 1999: In March 1999, a report was prepared summarizing our findings and presented to the Corporate Technology Council, a management group that governs key IBM strategy and business decisions. It was well-received although a number of questions were raised, particularly about business considerations, which involved more homework and analysis. Ultimately, a small group was set up within the IBM Software Group organization to oversee IBM’s open source activities, formalize the goals, create educational materials and provide training, and manage the day-to-day aspects of our activities. This included making sure that appropriate approvals were granted before any IBM team externally participated in an open-source activity and that team members received appropriate education (Capek et al. 2005, 253). The Open Source Steering Committee (OSSC), an IBM internal board, was formed to oversee open-sourcing activities and review all planned external uses of open source. Since their establishment during 1999, IBM’s strategic goals for open source have remained consistent. They are: To support rapid adoption of open standards by facilitating easy access to high quality open-source implementations of open standards in order to speed industry adoption. A primary goal is to encourage open-source implementation of open standards and thus use open source as a way to support our business and strategic goals. To use open source as a business tool by keeping the platform open and taking advantage of new business opportunities. By creating more open opportunities, we encourage choice and flexibility in responding to customers’ needs in typically heterogeneous environments. To enhance IBM mind share, creating a preference for IBM brands by associating them with successful OSS projects and building relationships with a broad spectrum of developers. We contribute to key OSS projects that are functionally connected with some of our key products. The joint participation of commercial developers and independent OSS developers creates a synergy that enhances the open-computing ‘‘ecosystem.’’ To summarize these goals, IBM views open source as a tool or technique to be used, where it makes sense to do so, to enhance our business and that of our customers (Capek et al. 2005, 253–254). At the beginning of 2000, resources from the pioneering Internet division were migrated into a new Linux team (Wladawsky-Berger 2006). In February 2000, IBM made a variety of announcements in a keynote presentation at LinuxWorld, and then demonstrated Linux running on “everything from laptops to an IBM S/390 mainframe” (Orzech 2000). In December 2000, IBM announced that it had spent $1 billion on Linux that year, "and you can expect that to grow in 2001" (Wilcox 2000). In the elevation of Sam Palmisano from president to CEO in 2002, IBM was well-positioned for organizational-building. Under Lou Gerstner, the company had been revitalized. IBM was financially strong, and seen as a leader in a information technology sector with many dot-bomb collapses. Further, the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001 would predispose the world to prefer a stable institutions like IBM. The evolution of both the business direction and stronger leaders at all levels of the company were in place to engage open sourcing as a complement to the tradition of private sourcing. B.1.5 Through 2009, IBM reiterated on open source and open standards In the eight years following Palmisano becoming CEO, themes from the IBM 2001 annual report would be repeated again and again. In the 2002 Annual Report, the computing model had evolved to become an “On Demand Operating Environment”, where IBM would continue to lead open technical standards and platforms.841 In the 2003 Annual Report, the next wave was described as “On Demand Integration” with open standards.842 The 2004 Annual Report reiterated “the architecture and technologies for the On Demand Operating Environment, based on open standards”.843 In the 2005 Annual Report, the rise of service-oriented architecture (SOA) was built on “open, standards-based middleware”.844 In 2006, CEO Sam Palmisano wrote about a new business model beyond the multinational corporation, as the Globally Integrated Enterprise, observed “within IBM and among our clients”. As part of the systemic change: New forms of collaboration are everywhere: from increasingly complex intercompany production networks to the open-source software movement, which has helped transform the traditional model of innovation. Today, innovation is not led by lone inventors in their garrets but is the product of a collaborative process that also combines technological and marketing expertise. And such open approaches affect far more than software and IT: they also apply to education, governance, and many industries (Palmisano 2006). In the Annual Report 2006, the language of “open standards” was complemented by the addition of “open, modular systems”, expanding from the domain of technology into the broader domain of business processes. 845 By the Annual Report 2007, open sourcing had become a behaviour that IBM had practised for some time, and would continue. The IBM Strategy was explicitly described as delivering value through three strategic priorities: (i) focus on open technologies and high value solutions, where: The company continues to be a leading force in open source solutions to enable its clients to achieve higher levels of interoperability, cost efficiency ; (ii) deliver integration and innovation to customers; and (iii) become the premier globally integrated enterprise (IBM 2007b, 18). “Open standards” and “open source” were phrases used over and over again in the detailed Management Discussion.846 In November 2008, the primary leadership message from CEO Sam Palmisano shifted to “A Smarter Planet”, as the Globally Integrated Enterprise was having a broader impact on society. Potential was seen in “infusing intelligence into the way the world literally works—the systems and processes that enable physical goods to be developed, manufactured, bought and sold… services to be delivered… everything from people and money to oil, water and electrons to move… and billions of people to work and live”. The possibilities were being made, as “First, our world is becoming instrumented”, “Second, our world is becoming interconnected”, and “Third, all things are becoming intelligent”. This meant that “digital and physical infrastructures of the world are converging” (Palmisano 2008). The IBM Annual Report 2008 acknowledged that “the global economy is experiencing profound disruption”.847 The chairman's letter from Sam Palmisano described IBM was “well positioned to continue delivering strong results” and “positioned to lead in the new era that lies on the other side of the present crisis”. The emergence of a “new computing model” described in 2001 was amended to include “a new platform for global economy and society”, in a world that was increasingly instrumented, interconnected and intelligent.848 The three strategic priorities in the 2008 report were worded identically to 2007. By the Annual Report 2009, open source was described as part of the “IBM's track record” in positioning of new areas for growth.849 Investments were then focused on four high-potential opportunities: (i) growth markets; (ii) analytics; (iii) cloud and next-generation data center; and (iv) Smarter Planet. Open source was explicitly linked to the third investment, and implicitly to the fourth. The 2010 annual report celebrated IBM's centennial in June 2011. Looking towards its “second century”, the IBM business model “based on continuous forward motion” included “a commitment to research” “pioneering breakthroughs, advancing technologies and helping define open standards” (IBM 2010a, 14). In the 2011 annual report, with Ginny Rometty as President and CEO, and Sam Palmisano as Chairman of the Board, “open standards” and “open source” were so ingrained into the company that they only merited mentioning in the management discussion (IBM 2011a, 23-24). From the writing crafted in IBM annual reports, open source and open standards could be seen as new in 2001, core by 2006, and a natural part of the way of doing business by 2009. B.2 IBM employees, from 1996, engaging globally online IBM has appreciated operating as a multinational corporation since the founding of the World Trade organization in 1949 (IBM 2011c). Beyond ethnocentric and polycentric designs, geocentric organizations involve “a collaborative effort between subsidiaries and headquarters to establish universal standards and permissive local variations, to make key allocational decisions on new products, new plants, new laboratories (Perlmutter, 1969, p. 13). Jacques Maisonrouge, the French-born president of IBM World Trade [from 1967, and member of the IBM board of directors from 1983 until his retirement in 1984], understands the geocentric concept and its benefits. He wrote recently: “The first step to a geocentric organization is when a corporation, faced with the choice of whether to grow and expand or decline, realizes the need to mobilize its resources on a world scale. It will sooner or later have to face the issue that the home country does not have a monopoly of either men or ideas … “I strongly believe that the future belongs to geocentric companies …. What is of fundamental importance is the attitude of the company's top management. If it is dedicated to 'geocentrism', good international management will be possible. If not, the best men of different nations will soon understand that they do not belong to the 'race des seigneurs' and will leave the business” (Perlmutter, 1969, pp. 16–17). One way in which employees can interact with their peers on a worldwide basis is online through information and communications technologies (ICT). Beyond point-to-point e-mail transmissions, IBM has had a long history in online platforms for open engagement amongst its employees on a world scale. Some of the platforms have included (i) online forums, in section B.2.1; (ii) the w3 intranet, in section B2.2; (ii) alphaWorks, in section B.2.3; (iii) pooled non-commercial source internally in section B.2.4; (iv) Jams, described in section B.2.5; (v) the Technology Adoption program, in section B.2.6; (vi) Social Computing Guidelines, in section B.2.7; and (vii) the Greater IBM Community in section B.2.8. B.2.1 From 1996, IBMers conferenced on IBMPC, then IBM Forums IBM began online computer conferencing in the age of the mainframe, predating the advent of the Internet.850 In October 1981, the IBMPC Forums were initiated as a modification of the TOOLS file sharing technology on the mainframe (i.e. under the VM operating system) on the internal IBM network (i.e. VNET) (Chess and Cowlishaw 1987). TOOLS maintained a persistent record of files with contributions added as “appends”, so that the content could be read as a temporal transcript of conversations between participants. The IBMPC Forum was a platform developed by scientists from IBM Watson Research Center Yorktown and the IBM UK Scientific Centre to support discussion about the IBMPC that was introduced in August 1981. By 1990, IBMPC had 1500 active conferences, over 1000 contributions a day from over 10,000 contributors around the world, and readers on the order of 100,000 IBMers (Foulger 1990). In 2001, the online conferencing became known as IBM Forums, with infrastructure was moved to an NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) application more consistent with the Internet technologies.851 Despite having become the worldwide online platform of choice for over 20 years, the IBM Forum were still primarily operated by IBM Research, rather than the office of the CIO.852 By 2007, 23,000 unique authors contributed 188,000 posts, with an average of 14,980 posts per month. The application was moved from IBM Research into the TWE (Total Workplace Experience) Center of Excellence production support with a customization of Jive Forums 5.05 onto a zLinux server with four Websphere Application Servers and a DB2 server in 2007.853 On June 2, 2012, the complete content from the IBMPC and IBM Forums legacies were migrated to an intranet installation of the IBM (Lotus) Connections program product. While many companies have struggled with communicating over national boundaries, the IBM Forums were an everyday part of the internal open sourcing culture for IBM employees since the 1980s. Questions or observations as a starter for a thread sparked responses and clarifications where engaged IBM employees could think together. The original form of communications was more rudimentary than today's Internet technologies enable, but the knowledge captured in text has endured since its beginning, beyond generations of IBMers who have retired or left the company. B.2.2 From 1996, IBMers got connected to the Internet and w3 intranet On their desks, IBM employees would graduate from 3270 terminals first introduced in 1971, through the PC/XT in 1983, the PC/AT in 1984, the PS/2 in 1987 (with the OS/2 operating system). By 1993, virtual offices had become common for customer-facing employees and consultants.854 Mobile workers graduated to laptops with a Thinkpad 700C laptop from 1992, a Thinkpad 755C from 1994, a Thinkpad 600 from 1998 and a Thinkpad T20 by 2000. IBM employees in the field became accustomed to connecting to each other electronically through the IBM Global Network Dialer, which became the AT&T Network Dialer after the 1998 acquisition and outsourcing deal. After the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Irving Wladawsky-Berger and John Patrick were shown by David Grossman that Sun Microsystems were publishing IBM's raw data feeds, and presenting them in a way that IBM was not (Hamel 2000). This led to development of a primitive corporate intranet, and the “Get Connected” manifesto of six ways IBM could leverage the web: Replace paper communications with e-mail. Give every employee an e-mail address. Make top executives available to customers and investors on-line. Build a home page to better communicate with customers. Print a Web address on everything, and put all marketing on-line. Use the home page for e-commerce. This led to the launch of www.ibm.com on May 24, 1994 (Ransdell 1997). In 1995, a cross-IBM Internet Division drawing from the software and services business units was formed (Wladawsky-Berger 2005). IBM gained experience with public Internet sites for the 1995 U.S. Open and Wimbledon tennis tournaments, the 1996 chess match between Gary Kasparov and Deep Blue, and the 1996 summer Olympics in Atlanta. By at least 1996, a ShopIBM link has been on the IBM web site, was as paths to a variety of product support paths.855 Microsites for investors, developers and IBM business partners were also available by late 1996. As early as 1997, the complete directory of every IBM employee has been accessible on the Internet at whois.ibm.com.856 In the first half of the 1990s, IBM employees used a combination of PC-based productivity tools (e.g. Lotus SmartSuite on OS/2 and Windows 95) and mainframe-based collaboration (i.e. PROFS on 3270 emulators to VM/CMS).857 In 1996, e-mail and document collaboration moved to Lotus Notes from PROFS.858 Lotus Notes databases became a standard way of sharing documents and discussions, with master copies on networked servers and local replicas on laptops. In late 1996, the IBM w3 intranet was rolled out. In the following year, the web search would handle 2 million hits per day (IBM 2008a).859 By 2001, IBM employees would rank the w3 intranet equally with co-workers as the most credible or useful source of information, above the news media, executive memos or managers (Stellin 2001). Starting with 8000 intranet sites, 11 million web pages and 5600 domain names, the company standardized and integrated its IT systems so that the organizational boundaries for information sources became transparent (Smeaton 2002). In 2000, the capability for each employee to personalize his or her homepage to prioritize the most common job role needs (e.g. managing projects, employees, or teams) was added. By 2004, redesign of the enterprise portal refined tabs for (i) home, (ii) work, (iii) career and (iv) life. The BluePages expertise locator and employee directory was enhanced to show information on mouseover, improving the immediacy to connect to colleagues (Pernice, Schwartz, and Nielsen 2006). The functionality of the w3 intranet has followed the rise of open standards, with IBM Websphere portal technology on servers. Desktops based on the Client for e-Business (C4EB) first relied on Internet Explorer 6 bundled with the Windows XP operating system. IBM was a strong supporter of the Mozilla Firefox browser introduced in 2003, and made that the preferred browser for the company.860 Employees would continue to use, everyday, both a browser and the Lotus Notes version 8.5.1 “ fat client” released in 2009. New mobile applications for smartphones would gradually adopt more standards (e.g. HTML5), but intensive knowledge work continues to be better on a computer with a physical keyboard. The w3 intranet home page is the portal into the company for each and every of IBM's 300,000-some employees. The portal does not host all of the context, but accesses all of the information sources indexed within the company. While much of the information would be official announcements by company executives, the search engines would crawl every forum back to the IBMPC days, and include wiki and blog pages as those new technologies developed. B.2.3 From 1996, IBMers shared emerging technologies on alphaWorks IBM has had a long history in emphasizing quality.861 The development of commercial products at IBM has traditionally followed a structured Integrated Product Development (IPD) process with stage-gated decision reviews (Grzinich, Thompson, and Sentovich 1997).862 Before a product plan could be created, the concept would first have to be completely specified. This practice is consistent with the 1960s IBM hardware development process that separated the design team from the manufacturing team, with the release of specification documentation.863 In the rise of agile practices in software development, the gates evolved to become known as alpha test (of units or modules within a system) and beta test (an initial test of an integrated system).864 For software releases, the rapid pace for new features on “Internet time” was exemplified in the development of the Netscape browser from 1994 through to its open sourcing in January 2008, when beta versions were being released bimonthly or quarterly (B. Wilson 2000).865 In the IBM Internet Division, there was a frustration that “there was a new class of applications possible that were a lot less industrial strength, more user-friendly using Web front ends, browsers and things like that”, with a recognition that “development cycles were all geared to back-end commercial applications ... taking too long” (Wladawsky-Berger, Smith, and Poole 2006). The idea came that “maybe what we need is to put out alpha versions of our stuff out there. Maybe what we need is alphaWorks” (IBM alphaWorks 2006). alphaWorks was first exhibited at the Fall Internet World '96 in December 1996. It was intended as an "online laboratory” and “web site that demos new Web technologies months before they become products or services” (Toporek 1997). In addition to technologies developed by IBM Research, non-IBM technologies were welcomed on the site. These offerings were deemed insufficiently mature to be labelled as beta versions. The alphaWorks license agreement included a “term and termination” clause: the license “will terminate ninety (90) days after the date on which you receive the Software. Upon such termination you will delete or destroy all copies of the Software”. In its first year, the web site hosted 28 early-stage technologies attracting 60,000 users to the community. From those, five products became commercialized that year (Ransdell 1997). In June 2006, IBM complemented the alphaWorks download site with a new alphaWorks Services site (Kerner 2006). This would enable the addition of web-based services, such as browser-based development tools. After 10 years of operating, alphaWorks claimed to have introduced almost 700 new technologies, 129 of which found their way into IBM products. alphaWorks became a way in which IBM researchers could interact directly with university faculty and students. By 2008, many downloadable technologies were offered to the academic community with more open terms and evaluation periods (Bridgwater 2008). The graduation path from alphaWorks has been developerWorks, where a broader audience could engagement with the technology. In 2008, over 200 technologies were available for download, and 40% of the assets posted on the alphaWorks web site had been incorporated into IBM products. The design of alphaWorks as a community site enables both IBMers and non-IBMers to share and try out technologies that may or may not become products and/or standards. Alternative paths of graduation or termination within a short-horizon encourage limits investment and resources in dead ends, while providing a stage on which early implementations can be sampled. B.2.4 From 2000, IBMers have pooled on source repositories The IBM Internal Open Source Bazaar (IIOSB) is “a free service to promote Open Source style development internally at IBM”866. The project with the earliest registration date, of May 3, 2000, is “Linux Client for e-business” (C4EB), that has enabled a standard installation of operating system and applications on computers issued to IBM employees, as an alternative to the Windows XP platform. The IIOSB was first implemented on the IBM intranet in 2000, based on the Gforge software developed by VA Linux Systems at the foundation of Sourceforge on the Internet (McMillan 2000). The IIOSB was originally developed, and continues to be funded by the IBM Linux Technology Center. This place allows IBM employees to create projects where they could share code they have written, that might also include open source code (e.g. under a GPL, LGPL, Apache, BSD, IPL or CPL license) and internal use source code with others in the company. Only non-confidential materials were to be hosted in the IIOSB, with confidential materials to be moved to the IBM Community Source server (which later evolved into the IBM Community Development Platform, also called CSNext). Ownership of the source code written by IBMers posted to the IIOSB is copyrighted to IBM, while third-party copyrights and licenses (e.g. GPL, LGPL, Apache, BSD, CPL, etc.) are respected and retained. Registration on the IIOSB reinforced the licensing terms and conditions with an explicit agreement to be electronically signed within a month.867 Links point to the online education on the IBM Open Source Participation Guidelines that describe the spirit in which open source is to be interpreted.868 The repository is partitioned into licensing zones, with project counts as at May 2010: IBM Internal zone, for 750 projects with no plans to externalize the source code, or an unknown disposition, with a potential for release either as an IBM product or open source; IBM Internal / Mixed OSS zone for 381 projects with no plans to externalize the source code, embedding Open Source Software that could be used only internally; Apache / BSD / MIT zone for projects covered under an Apache Software License (43), a BSD License (11) or an MIT License (13) that might eventually be released externally following an approval process; GPL / LGPL zone for source code covered under the GNU General Public License (146) or the GNU Lesser General Public License (20) that might eventually be released externally following an approval process; IPL / CPL / EPL zone for projects using the IBM Public License (58), the Common Public License (58) and Eclipse Public License (5), that might be released externally following an approval process; and the Other License zone for the miscellany in which legal counsel would have to be sought. At May 2010, 1,493 projects were hosted, with 12,865 registered users. The IIOSB listed 425 projects by development status: 49 were in planning, 49 in pre-alpha, 64 in alpha, 118 in beta, 129 in production/stable, 4 in mature, 3 in moved, and 9 in end of life.869 Benefits of the internal community source model are seen as two-sided. Producers (i.e. authors) get improved collaboration, broader testing and tuning, and more developers using their code. Consumers (i.e. beneficiaries) get faster access to company capabilities, the ability to tune an existing investment to a unique specification, and broader testing and tuning (Sabbah 2005, 16). In 2005, the IIOSB community open to any IBM employee was complemented by the IBM Community Source repository870. “The IBM Community Source web site is the place internally to practice open source behavior with IBM product code”. The motivation for these professional developers was easier collaboration, leading to increased efficiency and a speed to market improvement of 30% (Graham 2005). In contrast to the IIOSB, IBM Community Source targets employees of the Software Group division of programmers across 40 labs. The assets “are not open source” in licensing, but are open sourcing in behaviour. Community source “represents a shift in the traditional development model ... that is required to realize the component model of building IBM products”871. At May 2010, 1,747 projects were hosted, with 33,580 registered users. Both the IIOSB and IBM Community Source are programs where procedures for categorizing open source assets are rigourously managed. This provides clarity for reuse of the contents in a variety of contexts, for both non-commercial and commercial reuses. B.2.5 From 2001, IBMers have collaborated on global online jamevents In IBM, a jam is a massive online collaboration whereby participants meet around the globe, around the clock for three days (IBM 2004c, 41). Leaders can use a jam to “start a movement” in an organizational transformation.872 In 1999, employee opinion surveys uncovered that intranet was a more useful, credible and reliable source of information than both managers and coworkers. This raised a question as to whether an intranet could be used for culture change (Wing 2005b). The pragmatic core for a jam was to capture best practices from individuals on clever, common sense ways to get work done and produce value in spite of the complexity of operating in such a large, diverse and complex enterprise at IBM. “It was a best practices surfacing effort,” says Mike Wing, IBM's director of worldwide intranet strategy and programs. “It was not a suggestion box or a free-form chat. This was not to propose things that management should do. This was very much E to E — employee to employee. We chose topics deliberately so that the ideas that they generated would be things people could go implement, not things that required large capital expenditures or policy decisions. “We didn't necessarily want the executives who were responsible for X, Y, or Z topic [to respond to problems],” he adds, “because we precisely wanted to come at things from some unusual angles, encouraging people who would bring a different intellectual frame of reference to the topic” (Andelman 2001). After nine months of preparation, World Jam was scheduled May 21 to 24, 2001, 72 hours around-the-clock (Feder 2001). The web-based platform was intended as a medium to help IBM employees talk with and help each other, shaping a different kind of computer mediated communication while striving to provide mutual awareness. The World Jam process had three stages: Drawing people in, with headline articles on the main intranet page, and e-mail through managers and from the CEO, leading to a description of the World Jam concept and a list of the fora; Choosing where to go, with ten forum topics divided into five areas (new relationships, new ideas; travelling without a map; managing an e-worklife; managing the matrix (or in spite of it); talent and quality), of which three topics were related to individuals within the company, and seven were related to working within and around company issues; and Participating in one of the fora, contributing to an asynchronous conversation thread and rating posts for usefulness, overseen by a team of 3 to 4 moderators on duty 24 hours per day would nominate ideas to be voted on for the list of 10 Great Ideas. Over the three days, there were 52,595 unique logons (one-sixth of IBM's 300,000 workforce), 1700 posting at least once, totalling 6048 postings (Halverson et al. 2001). Topic moderators had assembled a “board of advisors” to provide reference materials and participate online. Moderators and facilitators communicated through an IBM Research prototype, Babble, to engage on joint problem solving on a back channel (Thomas 2001). Findings from the WorldJam research were positive in three ways: (i) the event accelerated expertise engagement, with 2000 new contacts met; (ii) participants had trust, with 68% observing constructive criticism of each other; and (iii) repeatability, as 85% said they would engage again in a similar event and 62% said they learned new things (Kellogg 2005).873 Following this success, other jams for IBM employees were planned: ManagerJam in July 2002; ConsultantJam in February 2003; On Demand IT Jam in April 2003; ValuesJam in July 2003; and WorldJam 2004 (Wing 2005a). ManagerJam was scheduled on July 9 and 10, 2002, for 48 hours. The central idea was to invite 32,000 managers at all levels worldwide to offer practical grassroots solutions to everyday IBM management challenges (Dorsett, Fontaine, & O’Driscoll, 2002). Forum topics included (i) translating strategy into results; (ii) building careers; (iii) fostering innovation; (iv) managing performance; (v) the human face; and (vi) the new customer landscape. JSP servlets were used to integrate the discussion forums were hosted on an NNTP server, and the message ratings on a DB2 server. The project and facilitation team used a TeamRoom Plus online collaboration environment (Millen and Fontaine 2003). During the event, 8123 managers (25% of the population) participated, with 22% posting (more than double that in WorldJam 2001) to the 4554 comments and replies. ConsultantJam, in February 2003, was conducted within 45 days of 30,000 PriceWaterhouseCoopers consultants coming on board following the company acquisition by IBM. Conversations included what does it mean to be an IBMer, what does PwC bring to the table, what's best and what doesn't work in our cultures, what can we learn from each other, and how can we work with each other. The event ran for 96 hours, involving 8560 participants discussing 2960 ideas, with a JamAlzyer real-time text mining and theme analysis (Birkinshaw & Crainer, 2007; Wing, 2005b). The On Demand IT Jam in April 2003 was designed to uncover ideas and solutions to further IBM's on demand transformation. The four forum topics were: (i) business transformation enablement, how the way business is done could be changes; (ii) development environment, leveraging on demand technologies; (iii) operating environment, changing data centers; and (iv) e‑business on demand for employees, changing the way work was done. Over 72 hours, 9793 participants discussed 2963 ideas, and established management accountabilities for follow-up (Wing 2005a). Values Jam, held between July 29 to August 1, 2003, for 72 hours, was a landmark for the company. With Lou Gerstner as CEO from 1993 to 2002, the focus in the company was to survive and turns its fortune around. When Sam Palmisano took over as CEO in April 2002, it was the first time in since the early 1990s that IBM grew more than the IT industry.874 Having been an IBM employee for 30 years, he believed that the Basic Beliefs -- originally established by Thomas Watson Jr. in 1969 – could continue to be a foundation for the company, but that a discussion on a new set of corporate values should include which aspects were worth preserving and which aspect would need change in the new century.875 Research involving 300 senior executives and then a survey of over 1000 employees developed propositions that could be discussed across the whole company (Palmisano, Hemp, and Stewart 2004). Values Jam invited all employees to discuss what defines IBM and IBMers. The four forums initiated discussions on (i) Company Values (i.e. Do company values exist? What would a company look like that truly lived is beliefs?); (ii) A First Draft (i.e. Consider “1. Commitment to the customer; 2. Excellence through innovation; 3. Integrity that earns trust”. Is there a nuance missing?) (iii) A Company's Impact (i.e. Is there something about our company that makes a unique contribution to the world?); and (iv) The Gold Standard (i.e. When is IBM at its best)? Moderators, with the help of text mining, surfaced emergent themes and updated links on the home page to point specifically at hot topics. After 72 hours and 1.25 million views of the Values Jam web site, 22,007 participants had written 9337 posts and replies. Executives then reviewed the JamAlyzer e-classifier analysis, pre- and post-jam survey and read the raw transcripts. The revised set of new corporate values became: (i) Dedication to every client's success; (ii) Innovation that matters – for our company and for the world; and (iii) Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships. These were published on the company intranet in November 2003, leading to 200,000 downloads by employees within ten days. This led to floods of posting on the intranet, and a thousand e-mails sent directly to Palmisano. A lot of the reactions were positive towards the new values, but said that the company wasn't close to actually living them. World Jam 2004, in October, came out of the responses to the Values Jam in 2003. The intent of this jam was to tease out what could be done operationally, both in the daily work of individual employees, and at the policy level. The focus was to identify actionable ideas to accelerate profitable growth, unleash innovation and drive internal productivity, consistent with the new IBM values (Wing 2005a). Six discussion forums were moderated by 18 senior executives. On the value of client success were forums on “Making IBM Work for Each Client” (i.e. How can we make IBM easier to do business with?); and “Delivery Excellence” (i.e. How can we get better at delivering what the customer expects, and more)? On the value of innovation that matters, were forums on “For the World” (i.e. How can we see and seize new growth opportunities?); and “For our Company” (i.e. Where and how can we innovate on IBM itself)? On the value of trust and personal responsibility were forums on “Managers” (i.e. What do our strategies and values imply for the job of the first-line manage?); and “Every IBMer” (i.e. What do our values imply for each of us -- in our jobs, and an in our careers)? For 52 hours (including a 6-hour extension) between October 26 to 28, 2004, with 2.4 million page views, 56,870 unique participants wrote 32,662 posts. The results were analyzed, based on priority and impact to the business, distilled in 191 ideas across each of the six discussion forums. A “Rate the Ideas” follow-up web site became active for 7 days between November 30 to December 6, inviting every employee to log in and individually rank the 191 ideas. Senior management then committed to 35 of the top-rated ideas. There was overwhelming support for two ideas: (i) an employee survey on people manager effectiveness; and (ii) consolidation of alignment of back-office sales support functions. Three major categories emerged from 26 of the top rated ideas: (i) lowering the center of gravity, improving cross-unit integration for client success; (ii) helping my manager to become a better manager; and (iii) enabling innovation and growth. The success of jams internally at IBM, and the publicity in the business press, led to events for external parties. Habitat Jam, in December 2005, was the first event external to IBM using the Jam technologies and facilitation techniques. This internet conference was jointly sponsored by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the Government of Canada and IBM (Debbe Kennedy 2006). The approach was to use Jam technology an inherently global medium to drive ideas to action, in preparation for the third session of the World Urban Forum scheduled for June 2006 in Vancouver, Canada. The promise was to have a truly democratic event, where people who would not otherwise engage in a United Nations event could join the discussion. The participation of 400 organizations around the world drew in 39,000 people from 158 countries. Real slum dwellers and villagers joined architects, planners and activities in discussions, sometimes employing translators and screen reading technologies. Discussion was channelled into seven forums: (i-ii) Improving the lives of people living in slums; (iii) Sustainable access to water in our cities; (iv) Environmental sustainability in our cities; (v) Finance and governance in our cities; (vi) Safety and governance in our cities; (vii) Humanity: the future of our cities. The jam resulted in 4000 pages of discussion and ideas leading to the generation of 600 ideas. From that output, 70 actionable ideas were chosen, research and summarized into a workbook and CD for the World Urban Forum III (IBM, 2006f). In 2006, Innovation Jam was a significant shift from prior events, in breadth and scale. In addition to IBM employees, participants invited included family members, and represented from 67 organizations spanning business partners, customers and university researchers.876 Weighting more towards developing ideas better over immediate commercialization, the jam formula was broadened to incorporate major market trends as well as internal inputs.877 Unlike prior jams that did not require advance preparation, participants were asked to familiarize themselves with some 25 emerging technologies, in six broad groupings of (i) embedded intelligence; (ii) extracting insight; (iii) global collaboration for individuals; (iv) global collaboration for companies; (v) practical supercomputer; and (vi) intelligent information technology systems (Gryc et al. 2009; Bjelland and Wood 2008, 34). Between July 24 and 27, the first phase of Innovation Jam ran for 72 hours with forums on (i) Going Places, transforming travel, transportation, recreation and entertainment; (ii) Finance & Commerce, the changing nature of global business and commerce; (iii) Staying Healthy, the science and business of well-being; and (iv) A Better Planet, balancing economic and environmental priorities. This led to 57,000 people logging in, and 37,000 posts. In the five weeks that followed, a multidisciplinary cross-IBM team analyzed the Phase 1 outputs, resulting in 31 “big ideas”.878 These 31 big ideas became the focus for refinement in the Innovation Jam Phase 2, September 12-14. Participants were asked to flesh out the proposals, and rate each one on business impact, market readiness and societal value, leading to 9000 posts. The output from Phase 2 was analyzed by the cross-IBM team, working up specific proposals around 10 finalists.879 On November 14, 2006, Palmisano announced that IBM would invest $100 million over the next two years to pursue these ten new businesses, partnering with multiple clients and universities to bring the ideas to market quickly (IBM 2006f). Five years later, those ten new businesses were estimated to have returned $700 million to IBM in revenue (L. Cleaver and Euchner 2011, 17). By 2007, the IBM Jam Program Office within the Office of the CIO had organized to facilitate jams for customers as Jam Consulting Services, contractable through IBM Global Services (L. Cleaver 2010). In March 2007, Automotive Supplier Jam was the conducted with the Original Equipment Suppliers Association (OESA) (IBM 2007l; Guerrera 2007). In May 2007, Nokia had a Nokia Way Jam. focused on the question “What does it take to be an Internet company?” as part of shifting Nokia's business and strategy. In December 2007, Eli Lilly had a Vision Jam to generate practical ideas through an increased understanding of the company's new vision. In January 2009, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office had a jam on One Team, Many Voices, Our Future, to model the behaviour for the future organization, to break down divisions between the home office and overseas, career diplomats and civil service. In early 2010, Royal Dutch Shell Projects and Technologies had a My P&T Jam to create an affiliation across a new organization of 8200 globally dispersed employees. In February 2010, the European Union and NATO had a Security Jam focused on the changing nature of the 21st century security landscape. In March 2010, USAID and the White House had USAID Global Pulse 2010 Jam to share ideas and creative innovation solutions to social issues, informing U.S. foreign assistance and diplomatic strategies. In June-July 2010, the UK Coventry City Council had CovJam, to engage in dynamic conversations with constituents about future direction. In late 2010, Citibank Global Transaction Service had a GTS Jam. to enable employees to engage directly with senior management on key initiatives for future growth. In addition, the American Council on Education and the Kresge Foundation sponsored a Veteran Success Jam in May 2010, to address issues for returning veterans with colleges, universities and employers.880 Innovation Jam 2008 was an IBM-sponsored event with an external emphasis. The jam was structured to follow findings from the IBM CEO Study released in May 2008, where 1100 CEOs shared their visions of the Enterprise of the Future (IBM Global Business Services 2008). The four main discussion areas would be: (i) built for change --adapting to thrive; (ii) customers as partners -- the new intelligence; (iii) globally integrated -- navigating to a flat, smart world; and (iv) the planet and its people -- moving well beyond green. The jam ran for 90 hours from October 5th through 9th. Nearly 90,000 logins generated 32,000 posts. Employees from over 1000 companies across 20 industries included thousands of IBMers, and subject matter experts from Mars Incorporated, Eli Lilly and Company, Citigroup and Boston College. Jammers read 1.5 million pages, with an average jammer reading 76 pages and spending just under 2 hours participating (IBM 2008d). Jammers concluded that the enterprise of the future has to do three things: (i) embrace a new level of transparency for itself and across the systems we are seeking to make smarter, allowing customers and partners to engage more intimately, and on a variety of levels; (ii) increase efficiency in every aspect of its business operations, eliminate waste, and employ new and powerful monitoring and measuring techniques to make better business decisions; and (iii) adopt corporate stewardship as a core business function, working closely with the public sector to build sustainable business practices that will improve global living conditions and drive positive social change. In April 2009, IBM University Programs sponsored a Smarter Planet University Jam. Nearly 2000 students and faculty from 200 universities in 40 countries participated with IBMers and IBM business partners. The jammers saw the need for a new model of university education around smarter campuses, contributed 100 examples and ideas of how universities could “go green”, and identified a variety of opportunities in water, healthcare, grid technologies and cities (IBM 2009e). In January 2010, the Institute for Business Value unit of IBM Global Business Services sponsored the Eco-efficiency Jam. Eco-efficiency “is about embedding sustainability and resource conservation in every facet of an organization” with government regulations and incentives. Participants included 1600 leaders, journalists and experts from more than 60 countries. Three best practice recommendations emerged: (i) “green” infrastructures would overlay the physical infrastructure with digital intelligence; (ii) sustainable solutions would promote resource efficiency while reducing the environmental and social impact of operations; and (iii) intelligent systems would use open standards for realtime information on infrastructure (IBM Institute for Business Value 2010). In October 2010, IBM Corporate Citizenship & Corporate Affairs sponsored Service Jam. More than 15,000 people from 119 countries – including former U.S. presidents, German professors and South African tutors – discussed practices that “elevate the effectiveness and impact of volunteering, public services, social entrepreneurship and other forms of service”. The four key systems of service that presented the greatest challenge and held the most opportunity were: (i) service learning; (ii) volunteer management; (iii) partnership; and (iv) measuring impact (IBM 2010f). In February 2011, IBM Software Group sponsored a Social Business Jam. The event brought together 2700 participants from 80 countries for 72 hours on five major themes: (i) building the social business of the future; (ii) developing participatory organizations through social adoption; (iii) using social media to understand and engage with customers; (iv) determining what social means for IT functions; (v) identifying risks and establishing governance. The jam yielded over 2600 discussion posts and more than 600 tweets. These led to a series of insights. Over 25% of organizations had low levels of adoption of social business practices, as ways of calculating returns-on-investment, and the need for cultural change required by the human resources function were a concern. Social technologies raised issues in the changing role of middle managers, inclusiveness of lurkers who don't contribute, reconciling personal openness with business privacy, and the importance of soft infrastructure (i.e. people, processes and problem solving). Engaging customer with social technologies was seen as shifting from a vendor model to a service provider model, at the risk of overwhelming the business with the wealth of information. The IT function would need to respond more quickly since social tools were rapidly released as consumer applications, on smartphones and tablets previously unsupported. Risks had not yet been identified, nor governance in place, for social business, with the content streaming in from a new variety of sources, and employees interacting directly with customers in a mix of professional and personal spheres (IBM Software Group 2011). In November 2011, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an international community that develops open standards to ensure the long-term growth of the web, hosted the W3C Social Business Jam (World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 2011). For this technically sophisticated audience, IBM provided the platform for a minijam.881 Six aspects of social technology were covered: (i) identity management for social; (ii) mobile and social; (iii) information management; (iv) business process meets social; (v) seamless integration of social; (vi) metrics for social business. The jam had 1073 unique registrants attending, from 20 different industries.882 On the day of the jam, each of those six topics had posted times with hosts and special guests.883 The primary recommendation from the Jam was to “form a W3C Social Business Community Group in order to develop a number of customer-driven strategic use-cases for standardizing the Social Web”. These activities evolved with the W3C launching its Social Web Activity in July 2014 with two groups: The Social Web Working Group, which defines the technical standards and APIs to facilitate access to social functionality as part of the Open Web Platform. The Social Interest Group, which coordinates messaging around social at the W3C and is formulating a broad strategy to enable social business and federation (Jacobs 2014). In December 2014, the OpenSocial Foundation transferred its specifications and assets to the W3C, moving its standards work there and integrating into the W3C legal entity.884 Jams started as massively collaborative internal IBM events in 2001 with World Jam, became externalized in 2005 with Habitat Jam, was offered commercially in 2007 through Jam Consulting Services, and was used for external studies starting with 2008. The collaboration has always had an open sourcing style with individuals able to voice their views at a peer-to-peer level. The scale of planning, operating and reporting on such a large enterprise has followed a private sourcing style with committed resources managed on a worldwide schedule. B.2.6 From 2005, IBM early adopters have collaborated on innovations via the Technology Adoption Program In 2005, the IBM CIO (Chief Information Officer) recognized that, outside of research and development labs, innovation can happen anywhere in the enterprise. While labs have resources to progress work from the design phase into a feature for an offering, individuals without mandate within their job roles have not similarly had access to such infrastructure, resulting in potential innovations that go undeveloped, forgotten and/or unrealized. The Technology Adoption Program (TAP) was designed to nurture self-selecting innovators dispersed across the enterprise. This required a shift of the role of the CIO from an operations manager to become an innovations manager (Chow et al. 2007, 640–641). The Technology Adoption Program was launched in August 2005.885 TAP began as a two-page proposal by Sandesh Bhat, Director of Technology and Innovation in the Office of the CIO, with an idea “What if 30,000 employees were always running the n+1 version of the w3/Intranet?”.886 The first projects mentioned were CEWL (Client for Enterprise Web Services for Blackberry smartphones), Tommy! (a Firefox extension that would augment person-identifiers with tagging) and Dogear (a Firefox extension for enterprise social bookmarking).887 These, and subsequent other projects, have been described as a crowdsourcing in intra-enterprise communities: instead of the responsibility for early adoption development to a specific employee, volunteers donate their time to provide feedback (Alkalay et al. 2009, 3). Even projects with negative feedback were seen to provide value.888 The staff assigned to TAP was relatively small, starting in 2005 with an initial core team of four. IBM management consciously allowed TAP to evolve organically, responsive primarily to community priorities rather than corporate constraints. In 2007, staff was added to manage the large number of TAP offerings, the emphasis shifted towards accelerating the rate of graduation from early adopters to production support organizations. At the close of 2007, there were 143 TAP offerings and over 100,000 registered TAP users -- about 28% of IBM's total worldwide workforce (Alkalay et al. 2009). The life cycle process for a TAP offering was structured as three major phases: In an innovation proposal phase of 1 or 2 weeks, the TAP web application would include (i) an offering proposal submission, (ii) proposal review; (iii) completion of a boarding questionnaire; (iv) proposal evaluation; (v) the boarding welcome call to understand how the TAP team might help; and (vi) early adoption and prototype deployment, including promotion through TAP channels. In the offering time phase of about 9 months, assessment and evaluation from early adopters, both through active data collection (e.g. surveys, defect tracking) and passive data collection would track usage, interests (as buzz or hype), level of satisfaction, and potential innovation value. At graduation, some offerings would be (i) returned to development for refinement and a second round through TAP; (ii) retired, or (iii) movement to a production environment, e.g. product development through IBM Software Group, asset commercialization through IBM Global Business Services or IBM Technology Services, alphaWorks or the internal Applications Hosting Environment (AHE). The TAP community was seen as early adopters releasing trial offerings to other early adopters, so a bounded offering time would be sufficient to assess adoption or lack of interest. In February 2009, TAP was organizationally moved into a new Innovation Programs department, that also managed BizTech and Thinkplace Next.889 Biztech was a program focused on forming virtual teams of early tenure employees of one-to-five years. A project sponsor would back a day-per-week effort for nine-to-twelve months. Results expected could include cost savings, project improvements, or the launch of a new technology (Alkalay et al. 2009, 14). Thinkplace was an ideation management forum originally developed by IBM research. Ideas could be suggested, commented upon, rated, sorted and routed. Thinkplace Next was an evolution of the Thinkplace collaborative tool, combined with social networking tools, i.e. Beehive (a social networking site) and Small Blue (a social network analysis tool) (Majchrzak, Cherbakov, and Ives 2009, 105–107). TAP continued to evolve, with an aim to embed innovation into every employee's workday. By 2010, the Innovation Carousel would enable three types of projects from TAP to be selected to appear on each employee's personalized intranet home page. Social networking features would go beyond the need to search on TAP for projects of interest, but would surface what colleagues with close social ties were following.890 The style of open sourcing style of collaboration in TAP was not only encouraged by the Office of the CIO, but also tracked by IBM Research to learn about new ways of working over the Internet. In 2011, the experiences gained from TAP were directed credited in the development of the private sourcing commercial Lotus Connections offering (Naone 2011). B.2.7 From 2005, IBMers wikied guidelines and grew social computing Since 1956, IBM has had Business Conduct Guidelines in place, describing appropriate behaviour for IBM employees.891 Since 1995, employees has followed IBM Internet Usage Guidelines, including an Acceptable Use Policy on the gateways from the intranet to outside world (Patrick and Trio 1995). By May 2005, the rapid rise of blogging by IBM employees on the open Internet, plus on the intranet -- “to just shy of 9,000 registered users spanning 65 countries, 3,097 individual blogs, 1,358 of which are considered active, with a total of 26,203 entries and comments” in just 18 months -- led to IBMers bloggers coming up with their own core principles. Developed over ten days on an internal wiki, “this isn't a policy that IBM is imposing upon us -- it is a commitment that we all have entered into together”. (Snell 2005b). The IBM Blogging Guidelines were posted on the public IBM web pages, and led to other enterprises reflecting on their attitudes towards social interaction over the Internet.892 It recognized that employees are individuals, and “You must make it clear that you are speaking for yourself and not on behalf of IBM”. The detailed discussion reiterated that “IBM supports open dialogue and the exchange of ideas”. At the same time, it cautioned to “Don't forget your day job. You should make sure that blogging does not interfere with your job or commitments to customers.” In addition to the guidelines, a directory of “IBMers' blogs” on the open Internet was provided. In July 2007, the rise of immersive technologies (e.g. Second Life) led to publishing of the IBM Virtual World Guidelines (Reynolds 2007). By May 2008, a group again working on a wiki on the intranet generalized the prior writings in the IBM Social Computing Guidelines (Piper 2008). The revision was published on the public IBM web site, deprecating the earlier works. In 2010, these guidelines were subtlely evolved.893 At the end of 2007, the IBM Social Software Enablement Program formed a BlueIQ Ambassadors Community as a peer-to-peer network of volunteers who would be come social software evangelists. On the community intranet web site was a description of aims: BlueIQ Ambassadors are social software enthusiasts who help IBM individual employees, teams and communities with using social software. We seek to build a worldwide community of social software evangelists who are passionate and want to learn more about social networking, and who can volunteer their time and talent to energize and enable every IBM employee in order for him/her to benefit from using social software, both internally and externally (Tuutti 2010, 34–35). Beyond the early adopters, the goals of enabling client-facing employees to (i) leverage the collective intelligence of IBM, (ii) improve productivity, and (iii) serve clients more effectively attracted the sponsorship of the Senior VP of IBM Software Group. To support the global IBM base of 400,000 IBM employees across the wide range of job roles, geographies and product lines, 9 people were funded to operate the program (Murray and Shah 2010). The purpose of the initiative, described on the intranet wiki site, was to: Showcase for the business benefits of IBM social software, in both internal and external use, to help employees learn about it, get productive with it, connect to communities with it, and share it with other users, clients, partners, and press. Operate as a living lab filled with the latest social software tools and programs, education and advice, marketing materials, and success stories. Offer a starting point for quickly and easily making the most of social software -- and sharing best practices and success stories -- as an individual, member of a collaborative team, or member of a social-networking community, or BlueIQ ambassador (Tuutti 2010, 34). By 2011, the BlueIQ Ambassador committee grew to 1600 volunteers. They had held 160 events to educate each other on how to collaborate, and then 50 events to engage other IBMers. The ambassadors are credited with spreading the philosophy and practices of social business, growing from 11% of the sales force in 2009 to over 40% in 2011. Over 66% of sales roles were estimated to be using the environment (Shah, Murray, and Overly 2011). Leading up to the 2011 IBM Centennial Program, the Senior VP of IBM Marketing and Communications sponsored the Social Business @ IBM program starting in 2010. This made visible 29,000 IBM experts on the external IBM web site, extending the BlueIQ program (R. Shah, Murray, and Overly 2011). The crossover to IBM's commercial offerings was complemented by a web site and publication on how Social Business could be a game changer, with references on how additional enterprises had effectively networked their people (Hassell et al. 2011). In hindsight, the progress on Enterprise Social Strategy has been traced from 2003 to 2009, summarized in Table B.1. Four stages of maturity have been mapped over five periods (Emerick 2013). Table B.1 Enterprise social strategy (adapted from (Emerick 2013) Maturity stages Ad-hoc experimentation / Discovery (2003-2009) Sponsored exploration (2009-2010) Business unit engagement (2011-2012) Enterprise engagement Characteristics No engagement Lack of cultural readiness Restricted (i.e. legal, regulated industry) Limited complexity Free tools / tools evaluation People working in their spare time Stovepiped investments Decisions by BU functions Ownership disputes Business targets for social Comms or marketing straining to scale Growing effort to coordinate Some data integration Business targets for social Business process focus Enterprise standards and best practices Data integrated into business processes Cost efficiency imp Leadership Management skeptical of business value Taking steps to build skills and culture No overarching vision, under-developed coordination Successful transformation of major enterprise processes Strong overarching vision and culture, good governance, digital initiatives generating measurable business value Business Value Brand becoming irrelevant to increasingly social society, unable to control risk, no influence over earned media. Some improved customer under-standing Some brand surveillance, cost reduction Improved customer insight, new customer touchpoints, predictive modeling Strengthened productivity through worker enablement, increased employee engagement, enhanced customer acquisition Socially modified business models, open innovation, top line growth, new revenue streams The years 2003 to 2009 were a stage of ad-hoc experimentation and discovery. It started with no engagement, a lack of cultural readiness, legal restrictions, skeptical management and an inability to control risks to business value. By the end of period, people in their spare time had tried the free tools, leadership saw that skills and culture should be built, and customers began to have a some understanding that an enterprise social strategy should be pursued. By 2009 to 2010, sponsored exploration saw some decisions autonomously make by business unit functions, in the absence of an enterprise vision and coordination. Ways in which customers could interact with the enterprise improved. In 2011-2012, business unit engagement saw social business targets emerging, with leaders transforming some major processes. Productivity amongst enabled workers strengthened, and impacts on customers was noticed. Only by 2012-2013 did an enterprise engagement occur. Focuses on social business with business processes, standards and data were tracked for cost efficiency and investment sharing. A strong vision and governance guided digital initiatives with a promise of generating business value. A modification of the business model towards open innovation would produce growth and new revenue streams. The six years from 2003 to 2009 can be seen as individuals and communities learning open sourcing within a private sourcing context. Expanding this to the enterprise level would take about 4 years from 2009 to 2013. Social business would be largely a formalization of way of interacting that had informally developed slowly from a grassroots level. B.2.8 From 2006, IBM alumni connect via the Greater IBM Connection In June 2006, a Google Group was formed by IBM U.S. Strategic Communications to open discussions on forming a Greater IBM group. Complemented by a Wordpress blog, this initiative was: ... part of our larger strategy to build a community of IBM veterans, whether retired or still working, as a global innovation community. The goal is nothing less than to reimagine what several hundred thousand IBMers beyond the company’s active workforce can accomplish by having more interaction with the company and current IBMers. A virtual team was formed to plan, develop and drive the success of an IBM alumni network: There are an estimated 800,000 to a million former IBMers worldwide. They include traditional retirees; long-term employees who’ve pursued other opportunities; people who spent a few years with the company and have long careers ahead of them elsewhere; even former interns. The "Greater IBM Community" is new model for lifelong affiliation that encompasses individuals in all of these categories, as well as the company itself and our intersecting circles of friends, colleagues, business partners, clients and advocates (Goodson 2006). At that time, a variety of motives for a corporate alumni network were cited: 20 to 25% of professional hires are former employees, they're more productive on reboarding, they stay for longer the second time, and the recruitment cost of 20% to 30 of an annual salary can be saved. 894 Generation Y young adults expecting high employee turnover in the 21st century often stay connected to their networks. In October 2006, a virtual block party was held for the Greater IBM Connection in Second Life. On Almaden Island, 43 attendees joined from 11 countries (Greater IBM 2006). In addition to the Second Life virtual online meeting room where groups could communicate via text chat, a teleconference line for voice was also provided (Mariacher 2006). By December 2006, the Greater IBM Connection was on the two largest business social networking web sites: Xing and LinkedIn (Suarez 2006). A site was launched on Facebook in 2007, and a Twitter identity was created in July 2008. In December 2008, a virtual holiday party was held in Second Life for the Greater IBM Connection (Debbe Kennedy 2008). By 2012, the online community had 135.000 members. The benefits of participating in the Greater IBM Connection were found to be (i) staying connected for former colleagues; (ii) finding job opportunities, with an interest in rehiring; (iii) keep abreast of thought leadership and initiatives coming from IBM (Swenson 2012). The Greater IBM Connection has been cited as an example of a new network driven approach to human resources where former employees may have opportunities to consult on projects, mentor, or participate in engagement or development events (Kwan, 2013). B.3 IBM consultants, from 2004, focused priorities from business leaders through industry-based executive studies The IBM Institute for Business Value formed in 2002, within IBM Business Consulting Services, with a charter to develop primary research.895 Towards anticipating issues that top business leaders were facing, a series of global executive studies prioritized themes towards which IBM could coalesce its resources and position its offerings. The primary research began with the Global CEO Study in 2004, complemented from 2005 with functional leaders to be known as Global C-suite Studies. Outside IBM, the global executive studies showed that IBM was listening across a broad range of customers, and provided a platform for discussion with business leaders. Inside IBM, the global executive studies set contexts through which leaders and employees could assess their alignment with marketplace changes. All of these studies were funded by IBM at the corporate level, and involved hundreds of interviews with executives in the public and private sector. B.3.1 From 2004, IBM consultants surveyed priorities on innovation and strategic change with Global CEO Studies In early 2004, the first Global CEO Study was published with the title Your Turn: CEOs across the world are renewing their organizations for growth. Are you? It reported on interviews with 456 CEOs “to understand current strategic issues, ambitions and concerns affecting the world’s CEOs” (IBM 2004d, 7). Key findings included that (i) four of five CEOs believed that revenue growth was the most important path to boosting financial performance, following some years emphasizing cost containment; (ii) customer responsiveness as high on their agendas, while rating their ability to respond to changing market conditions and risks low; and (iii) growth and differentiation comes through people, but deficiencies in skills – both inside organizations and across the wider labour force – call for re-education and retention, with a need for managerial leadership. In March 2006, the second Global CEO Study was titled Expanding the Innovation Horizon. It reported on interviews with 765 CEOs -- 80% face-to-face -- to capture views on innovation. Innovation was defined as “using new ideas or applying current thinking in fundamentally different ways to effect significant change” (IBM 2006c, 3). Findings included that (i) business model innovation was much higher on CEO's priority lists than expected, although not negating the need for innovation in products, services, markets and operations; (ii) external collaboration with business partners and customers ranked as the top source for innovative ideas, much above research and development, with an admission that organizations were not collaborating enough; and (iii) innovation has to be fostered by the CEO, orchestrating teams, rewarding individuals and better integrating business and technologies. In April 2008, the third Global CEO Study was titled Enterprise of the Future. It reported on interviews with 1130 CEOs, more than 95% face to face, on the enterprise of the future (IBM 2008f). Findings included (i) eight of 10 CEOs bombarded by change, with gap between expected change and ability to manage it tripling since the 2006 study; (ii) more demanding customer not as a threat, but as an opportunity to differentiate; (iii) two-thirds of CEOs adapting their business models, with 40% changing to be more collaborative; (iv) aggressive movement towards global business designs, changing capabilities and partnering more extensively; and (v) financial outperformers making bolder plays. In April 2010, the fourth Global CEO Study was titled Capitalizing on Complexity. With three prior studies as a foundation, this edition “also sought to understand differences between financial standouts and other organizations” (IBM 2010b). It reported on interviews with 1541 CEOs in 60 countries and 33 industries. In addition, a subset of the questions was also asked to 3619 students from 100 major universities around the world, to “provide insight into the views of future leaders”. Findings included that (i) 79% of CEOs expected greater complexity ahead, but 51% doubted their ability to manage it; (ii) 60% said embodying creative leadership would the most important leadership attribute over the next five years, with 52% mentioning integrity; (iii) 88% planned to get closer to their customers, reinventing relationships to the co-create products and services, and integrate customers into core processes; (iv) 61% of standouts intended to build operating dexterity by simplifying operations as compared to 47% of others, with an expectation of 20% more future revenue to come from new sources. In May 2012, the fifth Global CEO Study was titled Leading Through Connections. The focus was on “the complexity of increasingly interconnected organizations, markets, societies and governments”, also called “the connected economy”. It reported on more than 1709 CEOs across 64 countries (IBM 2012b). Findings included that (i) 75% of CEOs seeking collaboration as the number one trait in their employees; (ii) 70% investing in customer insights, above operations, competitive intelligence, financial analysis and risk management; and (iii) more than half partnering extensively to drive innovation. Subsequent CEO Studies were not packaged independently, but integrated with the C-suite. B.3.2 From 2005, IBM consultants surveyed functional executives with additional C-suite studies Before the global executive studies started in 2004, the Institute for Business published a survey published in September 2003, titled CFO Survey: Current state and future direction. It reported on interviews with 450 CFOs from 35 countries, representing global enterprises with average annual revenues of US$8.4 billion (IBM 2003b). From the past 5 to 7 years, CFOs saw organizations shifting to a “new, more efficient and effective model”, including three transformations: (i) from a role from “policeman” to a strategic business partner; (ii) from a cost base from 3% to 1% of revenue; and (iii) from activity focus of transaction processing to decision support and control. The model of the future, for an on-demand world, would see (i) the emergence of a Chief Focus Officer proactively driving business model design and portfolio configuration; (ii) responsive business management architectures; (iii) resilient governance structures; (iv) competitive cost structures across the finance network; and (v) becoming integrators of process, technology and people. In September 2005, the Global Human Capital Study was titled The Capability Within. It reported on interviews with 106 CHROs (Chief Human Resource Officers) in 320 organizations were interviewed, ranging in size from 1200 employees to over 25,0000 (IBM 2005c). The study confirmed “the findings of the IBM Global CEO Study 2004”, with fewer than half of participants seeing their organization as “adequately equipped to respond to the growth and responsiveness priorities set out by their CEOs”. Findings included (i) CHROs describing their businesses as “cycling downhill” in either “maturing” or “declining” markets, where HR strategies originally in place to drive growth shifted to institutionalizing and consolidation of processes; (ii) the question for talent seen as a buy-build balance, where higher investments in development of middle managers had higher profits per FTE (full-time equivalent) at a risk of enabling higher voluntary turnover of staff; (iii) the challenge of retaining people in a fast-moving world saw more than 50% of CHROs believing their organizations were “doing alright” with work/life programs and flexible hours, fewer than 50% adopting a relaxed dress code, and only 30% of organizations implementing child-friendly policies; (iv) organizations falling short on knowing which areas need to be measured, with only 25% measuring return on investment in human capital, and few incorporating human capital measures into their leadership rewards; and (v) significant differences across regional geographies challenging a unified corporate culture, with the Asia-Pacific region having advantages in cheap labor and Latin America volatile in layoffs and a relatively young workforce. In December 2005, the Global CFO Study was titled The Agile CFO: Acting on business insight. In cooperation with Economist Intelligence Unit, 889 CFOs were interviewed (IBM 2005b). Responses from the CFOs top areas of importance of performance, growth and risk were thought to track with the 2004 Global CEO Study top agenda items of growth and responsiveness. The most effective finance organizations were addressing issues of (i) structural complexity and (ii) fragmented information. In October 2007, the Global CFO Study was titled Balancing Risk and Performance with an Integrated Finance Organization, in cooperation with the Economist Intelligence Unit and Wharton School professors. The preface by Mark Loughridge, CFO of IBM, cited the Palmisano 2006 “vision for the 21st century successor to the multinational corporation, the globally integrated enterprise”, and asked “what does it mean for the Finance discipline?” to enable this innovation (IBM 2007c). The primary survey instrument as delivered to 1200 CFOs in 79 countries, with 619 surveys in person and 611 via an online survey tool. Findings included that (i) 62% of enterprises with revenue over US$5 billion had material risk issues in the prior three years with 42% saying they were not prepared for it, and 46% of enterprises with revenues under US$5 billion had a major risk event and 39% were not well prepared; (ii) IFOs (Integrated Finance Organizations) had been adopted by only 1 in 7 enterprises over US$1 billion in revenue, yet their revenue growth rate of 18% over five years was almost double those of non-IFOs at 10%; (iii) 69% of finance executives believed that greater integration was an imperative to achieve, yet no significant progress had been made in the past 3 years; and (iv) risk management was immature, with only 42% doing historic comparisons, 32% setting specific risk thresholds and 29% creating risk-adjusted forecasts and plans. A roadmap to mature into an IFO was proposed. In September 2009, the first Global CIO Study was titled The New Voice of the CIO. Participants included 2598 CIOs in 78 countries and 19 industries (IBM 2009b). CIOs were found to spend (i) 55% of their time on activities that spur innovation, including generating buy-in for innovative plans, implementing new technologies and managing non-technology business issues; and (ii) 45% of their time on managing the ongoing technology environment, including reducing IT costs, mitigating enterprise risks and leveraging automation to lower costs elsewhere in the business. At any time, a CIO could be described as (i) an insightful visionary and able pragmatist; (ii) a savvy value creator and relentless cost cutter; and (iii) a collaborative business leader and an inspiring IT manager. The three seemingly opposing mindsets would see the CIO lead initiatives to (i) make innovation real; (ii) raise the ROI of IT; and (iii) expand business impact. In March 2010, the Global CFO Study was titled The New Value Integrator. Participants included more than 1900 CFOs from 81 countries and 32 industries, 75% interviewed face-to-face by IBM executives, and the remaining surveyed by the Economist Intelligence Unit (IBM 2010d). Two primary capabilities were identified: (i) finance efficiency, as the degree of process and data commonality across Finance; and (ii) business insight, as the maturity level of Finance talent, technology and analytical capabilities dedicated to providing optimization, planning and forward-looking insights. This led to four segments: (a) scorekeepers, with low efficiency and low insight, primarily focused on reporting results and ensuring regulatory compliance, struggling with speed and consistency because of insufficient standards and automation; (b) constrained advisors, with low efficiency and high insight, developing strong analytical capabilities but working with incomplete and inconsistent information requiring reconciliation and manual intervention; (c) disciplined operators, with high efficiency and low insight, competent in financial control and reporting activities in a highly automated, efficient manner, but lacking the capabilities to provide cross-functional analyses and assist with strategic operational decisions; and (d) value integrators, with high efficiency and high insight, with heightened interest in using technology to improve data accuracy, streamline information delivery and developing a richer base of information and deeper insights. Value integrators were found to outperform all other enterprises with more than 20 times EBITDA, 49% more revenue, and 30% more ROIC. In October 2010, the second Global CHRO Study was released, titled Working Beyond Borders. Participants included 707 CHROs, with almost 600 interviewed face-to-face (IBM 2010g). The report found that the rationale behind workforce investment had changed. The traditional pattern of companies in mature markets seeking operational efficiency through headcount growth in emerging economies had changed, with CHROs in growth markets (e.g. China and India) increasing their workforce presence in North America, Western Europe and other mature markets. This shift led to three new requirements: (i) cultivating creative leaders who could provide direction, motivate, reward and drive results from an increasingly dispersed and diverse customer base; (ii) mobilizing for speed and creativity through simplifying processes and providing fast, adaptive workforce solutions; and (iii) capitalizing on collective intelligence, tapping into an institutional knowledge with new ways to connect people both internally and externally. In December 2010, the first Chief Supply Chain Officer Study was titled The Smarter Supply Chain of the Future. Participants included 393 executives located in 25 countries serving 29 industries. They were compared to top supply chains, with 17 listed in “The AMR Research Supply Chain Top 25 for 2008” (IBM 2010e). Chief Supply Chain Officers were dealing with volatility through coping with (i) cost containment, keeping up with frenetic shocks of wage inflation, spikes in commodity prices and sudden credit freezes; (ii) visibility, with organizational silos too busy to share information or not believing that collaborative decision-making is important; (iii) risk, with 69% of respondents formally monitoring risk, but only 31% managing performance and risk together; (iv) customer intimacy, with 80% of respondents designing products jointly with suppliers, but only 68% doing so with customers; and (v) globalization, with issues reported in unreliable delivery (65%), longer lead times (61%) and poor quality (61%), while nearly 40% reported improved margins through increased sales increases rather than greater efficiency. In May 2011, the second Global CIO Study was released, titled The Essential CIO. This was the first in the program now called C-suite Studies. Participants included 3018 CIOs, spanning 71 countries and 18 industries (IBM 2011d). Aligning with the 2010 Global CEO Study vision to increase competitiveness, plans were cited by CIOs with 83% including business intelligence and analytics, 74% including mobility solutions, and 68% including virtualization, 60% including cloud computing – a 45% jump since the 2009 study – and 60% including business process management. Four distinct CIO Mandates were identified, based primarily on how each organization views the role of IT: (i) the mandate to leverage, where IT was a provider of fundamental technology services, and operations were being streamlined for greater organizational effectiveness; (ii) the mandate to expand, where the CIO led IT operations that help expand organizational capabilities by refining business processes and enhancing enterprise-wide collaboration; (iii) the mandate to transform, where IT would provide industry-specific solutions to the value chain, enhancing relationships with customers, citizens, partners and internal clients; and (iv) the mandate to pioneer, where IT was a critical enabler, radically re-engineering products, markets and business models. In October 2011, the first Chief Marketing Officer Study was published, titled From Stretched to Strengthened. Participants included 1734 CMOs in 19 industries and 64 countries, interviewed face-to-face. Respondents included 48 of the top 100 brands listed in Interbrand rankings (IBM 2012a). Compared to the 2010 CEO Study, CMOs were aligned on the top external forces affecting their organizations, as (i) market factors and (ii) technology factors. Four challenges were seen as pervasive, universal game changers: (i) the data explosion, with 70% of CMOs not fully prepared to deal with the impact; (ii) social media as completely different tool from traditional channels; (iii) proliferation of channels and device choices; and (iv) shifting consumer demographics, with 63% seeing a significant impact on the marketing function while only 37% prepared to deal with the shift. Outperforming organizations addressed these challenges differently from other CMOs. The three areas where marketing needed to improve were: (i) delivering value to empowered customers; (ii) fostering lasting connections; and (iii) capturing value and measuring the results of their efforts. The most intensive research in C-suite Studies appears to have ramped down after the ten-year period ending 2013.896 In October 2013, “the first study of the entire C-suite” was titled The Customer Activated Enterprise. This cumulated the data from 23,000 interviews stretching back to 2003 (IBM 2013c). The combined study cited meeting with 4183 top executives – 884 CEOs, 576 CFOs, 342 CHROs, 1656 CIOs, 524 CMOs and 201 CSCOs – between February and June 2013. Separate reports for each of six executive roles were created: The CEO insights released in November 2013 were described in Reinventing the Rules of Engagement. While CEOs since 2004 had consistently identified market forces as the biggest driver of change, they placed technology at the top of the list for the first time in 2012 (IBM 2013b). The CIO insights were released in November 2013 in Moving from the Back Office to the Front Lines (IBM 2013a). The evolution of the CFO perspective was released in February 2014 in Pushing the Frontiers (IBM 2014d). The CHRO insights were released in March 2014 in New Expectations for a New Era (IBM 2014b). The changing world of the CMO was reported in March 2014 in Stepping Up to the Challenge (IBM 2014e). The ways that the CSCOs were preparing for the future were reported in May 2014 in Orchestrating a Customer Activated Supply Chain (IBM 2014c). The Final Chapter was released not as a hardcopy publication, but an app in June 2014 downloadable to a tablet or viewable on the web as Exploring the Inner Circle (IBM 2014a). This summarized the ten years, 17 studies, and 23,000 face-to-face executive interviews. The program of understanding customer executive perspectives from 2003 through 2013 represents a significant investment by a private company to guide not only its own interests, but also to openly share in potential future directions together. B.4 IBM researchers, from 2004, led studies on longer horizon opportunities for social impact IBM set up an independent research division in 1956, having temporarily set up the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at Columbia University in 1945 (IBM 2011e). It is now a worldwide organization with the most recent locations in the China Research Laboratory in 1995, the India Research Laboratory in 1998, IBM Research Ireland and IBM Research Australia in 2011, and IBM Research Africa in 2013. IBM Research Division continues to provide “a dynamic mix of long-range scientific research with work that feeds cutting-edge innovations to the company’s business units”. IBM Research has always had a longer horizon of five to ten years, as compared to hardware and product divisions with development plans of three to five years, and the sales and distribution division looking out one to three years. IBM has always had strong ties with universities, dating back hosting the first meeting of the precursor to the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) at Columbia University in September 1947.897 With the rise of the Internet, the Faculty Portal and a Student Portal hosted by IBM University Programs would expand into the IBM Academic Initiatives in 2003.898 With business success by the early 2000s, the Research division invested in two further initiatives that opened up the company to a broader range of stakeholders, starting (i) the Global Innovation Outlook, and (ii) the Service Science, Management, Engineering and Design. B.4.1 Since 2004, IBM researchers led the Global Innovation Outlook IBM Research has, since 2000, annually published a Global Technology Outlook for internal use as part of its forecasting processes, based on trends that might be disruptive or harbingers of change.899 In 2004, as a complement the Global Innovation Outlook was initiated with two differences: (i) for interdisciplinary collaboration, viewpoints of clients, partners (both academic and business), through leaders and proponents of change were to be included; and (ii) the scope would be aspects of where quality of life could be changed over a horizon of five to ten years, with disciplines and specialties might then be brought with innovation to break on them as a subsequent consideration (IBM 2004b, 8–9). The Global Innovation Outlook would release reports from 2004 to 2008. In hindsight, there would be distinct focus each year: GIO 1.0 focused on healthcare, government and work-life balance; GIO 2.0 focused on future of the enterprise, environment and transportation; GIO 3.0 focused on media and content, and on Africa; and GIO 4.0 focused on security and society, and water and oceans. In contrast to the typical IBM process, the reports were issued without form numbers, and later editions carried Creative Commons licenses.900 IBM sponsored the dialogues on innovation, business transformation and societal progress, in collaboration with a global ecosystem of experts. The motive for the Global Innovation Outlook program described that, it was “not just our understanding of innovation that needs adjusting”, but that “innovation itself is changing in at least three major ways” in the 21st century: one: It is occurring more rapidly — barriers of geography and access have come down, enabling shorter cycles from invention to market saturation. two: It requires wider collaboration across disciplines and specialties — where until recently, people hunkering down in a garage could create a new technology that would sweep the world, many challenges are now too complex to be solved by individual pockets of brilliance, let alone brilliant individuals. Combinations of technologies, expertise, business models and policies will now drive innovation. three: The concept of intellectual property is being reexamined in the light of these collaborative demands. Increasingly, entities that treat intellectual assets more like capital — something to be invested, spread, even shared to reap a return, not tightly controlled and hoarded —will find the clearest paths to success (IBM 2004b, 5). While IBM leaders thought that IBM had excellent methods for examining technology and business trends, the company had no single integrated view of innovation. Two challenges were: (i) working across disciplines outside the company's borders; and (ii) the “invent first, apply second” bias that had crept into modern thinking. Developing the GIO thus led to two major goals: FIRST, extend the integration of our business insight and technology expertise beyond our company’s borders to include the best thinkers from academia, our clients and partners, and other leaders in areas critical to innovation. SECOND, follow a different path to discovery: begin with several areas critical to society over the next five to ten years, then consider implications for businesses and other integral components of society, finally considering what technologies or solutions might need to be developed (IBM 2004b, 9). In addition, the process to produce the GIO “would be quick and spontaneous, and would maneuver around the boundaries of normal business practice”, conditions under which innovation thrives. In 2004, GIO 1.0 GIO convened 10 “deep dive” sessions in New York, Shanghai, Washington D.C. and Zurich over 24 days. Three broad societal themes were discussed: (i) healthcare; (ii) government and its citizens; and (iii) the business of work and life. From 96 organizations, 100 ecosystem members discussed with 100 IBMers, complemented by 25 additional interviews with global thought leaders. In the report released in November 2014, three consistent themes emerged from the wide range of ideas: (i) the need for standard ways of exchanging information between members of each ecosystem (and across ecosystems); (ii) the need for more open collaboration between ecosystem members (even at times, among competitors); and (ii) the primacy of the individual as a focal point for innovation (IBM 2004b, 14). On healthcare, three areas emerged that held significant promise for innovation: integrated health records; the implications of new delivery models designed to meet the needs of underserved populations; and implications of a deeper understanding of ourselves (IBM 2004b, 24). On government and its citizens, significant ways the relationship would evolve were noted as inevitable: Governments will have to become more efficient and integrated across agencies and ministries. Governments will become subject to new kinds of influence and pressure due to novel uses of communications technology — “they will not be able to escape the bloggers,” said one participant. Governments will compete and cooperate with each other more on the basis of virtual factors (skills, expertise, infrastructure and productivity) than on simple, traditional geographic advantages. In some ways, governments may behave more like businesses (tying plans to budgets and strictly measuring results and return on investment to society), but in others, they will need to remember what makes them fundamentally different: they cannot pick and choose “clients,” since they should act on behalf of all their citizens (IBM 2004b, 41). On the business of work and life, the redefinition of work by the factory through the industrial revolution as “industrial indenture” was being reshaped by knowledge workers: Finding the off switch an always on world reflected “a return to earlier, pre-industrial models where work performed at home (in the fields, at the hearth) was not thought of as something entirely distinct from life”. This changes the ways that a workforce is managed, as well potentially portending a trickle-up into larger structures of society. For workers, work becomes academic, as “First, workers will no longer be able to rely on expertise (including university degrees) earned early in life to keep them at the front of the skills queue. Second, it will be unlikely that universities and other educational institutions trying to keep abreast of the dynamic nature of work will be able to do so”. This could lead to tighter collaboration between academia and industry, or even “a time when leading companies join the ranks of universities in being accredited to offer advanced degrees”. Corporate culture catches up to the knowledge age, where retirement programs that “pressure knowledge workers to leave at a set age with no accommodation for an ongoing association may be wasting their best assets” and a “normalizing culture that allows interaction and collaboration” across cultural differences that are “national, ethnic, linguistic, educational, expertise- or skill-related” (IBM 2004b, 55–67). The 2004 report closed by saying the exploration paving the way for change was not a conclusion, but a way to “stimulate concrete action”. Projects sparked by GIO 1.0 had already started. Building on that first outlook, the view on innovation evolved, so that: ...innovation is no longer invention in search of purpose, no longer the domain of a solitary genius looking to take the world by storm. Instead, innovation is increasingly: Global. The widespread adoption of networked technologies and open standards is removing barriers of geography and accessibility. Anyone and everyone can participate in the innovation economy. Multidisciplinary. Because the challenges before us are more complex, innovation now requires a diverse mix of talent and expertise. Collaborative and open. More and more, innovation results from people working together in new and integrated ways. Within this collaborative environment, notions of intellectual property are being re-examined. And those entities that view intellectual assets as “capital” to be invested and leveraged— rather than “property” to be owned and protected—will likely reap the greatest returns (IBM 2006d, 2). This theme of innovation as “open, collaborative, multidisciplinary and global” would be consistently presented by IBM executive leaders beginning in 2005, both internally and externally.901 The pattern of open sourcing while private sourcing is implicit in a world where innovation is open, collaborative, multidisciplinary and global. Looking to produce a second Global Innovation Outlook, a survey of the contributors to the first GIO some direction: 90% of respondents “suggested that issues related to the environment and energy would benefit most from a GIO-style investigation”. Keeping with the focus on near-term potential for technology and business innovation, the challenge of massive urbanization trends in the developing world and stresses on existing infrastructure surfaced (IBM 2006d, 48–49). The 15 deep dive sessions conducted in fall 2005 would focus on (i) the future of the enterprise, (ii) transportation and (iii) the environment. Participants included 248 thought leaders from 33 countries and 178 organizations. In March 2006, the GIO 2.0 report was released. The patterns from GIO 1.0 -- the need for standards, the trend towards open IP and collaboration, and primacy of the individual continued to resonate. In addition, some new patterns emerged: The power of networks, with the “evolution of social structures” transcending physical and geographic borders; a unifying notion of “the endeavor” in a common set of interests, goals or values that could redefine “the enterprise”, “employer” and “employee”; a “collaborative, contribution-based” environment where the traditional enterprise could shift to orchestration and facilitation of endeavors; “reputation capital” as a kind of accumulated trust, in a standard of accountability that enables diverse people to strike partnerships; and a “complex set of causes and effects” as boundaries dissolve and more fluid relationships form. Line of sight shaping “decision making” as whether understanding and anticipating the full consequences of one's actions might inspire “different choices”, with opportunities capitalizing on advances in computer power, networked infrastructure and data intelligence. Flipping the equation, applying intellectual energy into the areas opposite of current focuses for new breakthroughs and advancements, requiring “moving beyond 'either/or' thinking” (IBM 2006d, 9–12). The patterns were tied to the Innovation that Matters message in 2006, that would broaden the dialogue beyond On Demand. On the future of the enterprise, the idea of a joint endeavor or undertaking could change leadership and managing and motivating global talent. Insights included: Forget about free enterprise. Think enterprise-free: where the endeavor was described as the glue between individuals or entities, relegating the traditional organization to orchestration and facilitation, likened to the fluidity in the Hollywood studio system in rotating rosters of affiliated talent, each an “aggregation of specialized entities”. Talking 'bout my reputation: where brand promise is challenged to maintain integrity across workers and partners, and “reputation capital” of non-affiliated contributors might adopt a currency with a “trustmark”. A small world after all, where highly-specialized businesses of 25, 10 or even five employees can conduct business on a global scale, and large businesses may emulate “smaller is often better” tailoring of products and services. Success will depend on how well you play the game -- literally, where “studying the qualities of leaders” has suggested that the next generation of leaders could be the outliers at the “polar opposite from command and control management systems” in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) where “the connective tissues of this collaboration” is the normalizing culture, and “flexible contextual learning models” allow people to develop new skills as needed. Rewriting the employer-employee 'contract', inventing the exchange of value with reward systems “beyond stock options, bonuses and retirement plans”, with disaggregation where “social networks could provide a stabilizing force” to reduce individual elements of risk, and “mobility for a common set of employees” such as retirees. Insight as a mindset, not a department, where the best ideas from around the world are exchanged dynamically, such as “sensing hubs” in emerging markets to seek out innovation components and ready receivers for existing ideas (IBM 2006d, 14–23). On transportation, eased geopolitical borders enabled people and freight to move greater distances with more frequency, but one they get there, congestion on streets and ports was seen as taking a toll. Insights included: Grow, but with flow, would see cities or regions dealing with congestion, noting that “mobility increases market areas”, expanding options for access to goods, competitive advantage, attracting new business investment and a higher-caliber workforce. Headlights into the system, with sensing and computing devices to reduce vehicular congestion through “more holistic approaches to understanding and managing urban traffic flows” with the challenge of “are individuals willing to cede such control?”, particularly in developing economies. Playing 'leapfrog' to move forward, with emerging economies rejecting existing paradigms to embrace new approach to manage the boom in personal vehicles, e.g. alternative-energy cars or car-sharing, where a rising “middle class is spiking demand”. New paths for public transportation, in better coordination and integration across different modes of public transit, including smart cards as “a common currency”, “integrating the information” to push out to riders via mobile devices or street-side kiosks, and “swarms of smaller, more mobile, more flexible vehicles” that could dynamically re-reroute themselves based on need. Services on the go, with connected vehicles in “a new breed of services”, including embedded technologies, and services that “fundamentally change the relationship” among drivers, passengers, manufacturers and third-party service providers. Shoring up shipping to eliminate paper documents associated with customs policies, manual processed and increased global trade with “standardization and integration”, an “traffic management as a huge differentiator” for economic advantage in ports (IBM 2006d, 24–35). On the environment, a world could be imagined where environmental protection and economic prosperity are not only compatible but simultaneously attainable. All's well that ends well found that back end decomposition could provide the richest opportunities for breakthrough thinking by “flipping the equation” to explore innovative new ingredients, products and processes. The reverse supply network extended the idea of “reverse supply chains” with the possibility of massive waste reduction through new collaborative relationship to send use components and manufacturing by-products back and forth to one another. Regulation: innovation's friend or foe was seen by some as driving innovation around product composition and decomposition, while others thought “regulation may actually impede innovation” by encouraging manufacturers to simply comply with minimal standards rather than rewarding exemplary performance. From trash to treasure considered that landfills might be view instead as “above-ground mines” to recover copper and metal alloys. Seeing is behaving with individuals and businesses having a clearer and continual “line of sight” into the consequences of their actions about energy and natural resource consumption. Mighty micropower through small-scale energy sources such as wind and solar, often considered “the best energy solution for rural areas”. Troubled waters? found GIO participants across the board concurring that water is possible the number one issue of concern to the world's population in 21st century, with the role of the private sector helping by contributing to waste and misuse of available resources (IBM 2006d, 36–47). The GIO 2.0 report of 2006 would be the last integrated document published. Subsequent reports would be issued as in-depth studies on specific topics. One freestanding complementary GIO 2.0 report would be released in February 2007: Virtual Worlds, Real Leaders. Inspired by findings from GIO 2.0 published in 2006, IBM sponsored a study led by Byron Reeves of Stanford University and Seriosity Inc., and Thomas Malone, at the MIT Sloan School, on “whether real business lessons can be learned from observing leadership on online games (IBM 2007g). The model selected to guide the analysis was the Sloan Leadership Model, that breaks leadership qualities and action into four parts: (i) visioning; (ii) sense-making; (iii) relating; and (iv) inventing.902 Then a team from the IBM Institute for Business Value built on the research to survey IBM's Virtual Universe Community. Given the right tools in the right circumstances, leadership can emerge. The study found: Online gaming environments facilitate leadership through: Project-oriented organization Multiple real-time sources of information upon which to make decisions Transparent skills and competencies among co-players Transparent incentive systems Multiple and purpose-specific communications mediums (IBM 2007g, 17). The iterative nature of online games presents many opportunities to lead. While there is an overriding goal for the group, a series of “raids” or missions spreads around leadership with no expectation of permanence in the leadership role. Tools can make leadership easier, with skills and competency levels of a member of the guild readily apparent, and real-time risk assessment tools with visible “incentive systems”. Finally, guild leaders would mediate conflict and maintain relationships as a natural part of their roles. Three GIO-inspired works would have direct policy implications: (i) Peer-to-Patent Project, leading to the Building an IP Marketplace GIO 2.0 report; (ii) The Inventors' Forum for smaller enterprises; and (iii) the Standards for Standards wiki collaboration. Independent of the main GIO 2.0 themes, a “Peer to Patent” Community Patent Proposal was co-led by the New York Law School, IBM, and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2006.903 One of the challenges of working across open sourcing and private sourcing was that the USPTO was challenged in recognizing open source software as a prior art in applications for patents.904 Bringing together the open source development community with the USPTO was controversial, because many developers thought “patents were evil”.905 At a meeting on May 12, 2006, a proposal to develop the Peer to Patent Project on a wiki was tabled.906 IBM continued discussions with USPTO subsequently, lead to IBM making some patent applications in progress available for the pilot: In a private meeting with the USPTO (after the public meeting), we brainstormed out a list of some of the items that need to be addressed for the pilot. Those include advisory/steering committee, technology infrastructure, communications plan (announcement, education, code of conduct, etc), patentee consent to have certain published patent applications commented on by third parties, participants to review and comment on published patent applications, incentives to participate, USPTO rule changes that might be required, and more. Consensus seemed to be that 200-300 published patent applications would be needed for the pilot. IBM announced during the public meeting that we would consent to make some of our published patent apps available for the pilot. We hope that others will also contribute some of their own published patent apps, technical support, engineers to help provide comments, funding, etc. (Schecter 2006) The work on a wiki in May and June 2006 evolved into a Building an IP Marketplace report issued in September 2006 as part of the GIO series. The ties between the nature of innovation and intellectual property was described in the foreword: The very nature of innovation is changing as economic activity shifts from physical to intellectual assets. Products of the mind are often patented, making patents a key currency in the 21st century knowledge-based economy. Many of the world’s patent systems were developed decades or even centuries ago to promote invention of physical goods, and have not evolved to include mechanisms needed to support this expanded role. While emphasis on patenting proprietary invention continues to intensify, so does the adoption of open standards and collaborative business models. Organizations endeavor to find the ideal balance on this continuum of innovation (IBM 2006b, 1). The debate on the wiki led to a “collaboratively written manifesto” that “establishes the foundations of a functioning marketplace for the creation, ownership, licensing and equitable exchange of intellectual property”. On behalf of the contributors across institutions -- and published under Creative Commons licensing -- the GIO special report prescribed: In order for innovation to flourish in a global knowledge- based economy, a new set of principles guiding the creation, ownership and equitable exchange of intellectual goods should include the following tenets: Inventors file quality patent applications for novel and non-obvious inventions of certain scope. Patent ownership is transparent. Market participants act with integrity. IP value is fairly established based on the dynamics of an open market. Market infrastructure provides flexibility to support differing forms of innovation. Realistic introductory levels of global consistency exist for all of the above (IBM 2006b, 6–7). Towards developing global consistency, the report released in September 2006 detailed issues and paths forward on five areas: Patent quality could be improved by making searches for prior art easier, reducing the instances in which a patent is granted for ideas that are neither new nor distinct from prior work. Transparency in the true identity of the rights holders, whether the patent is subject of legal conflict or dispute, and the terms under which the patent might be licensed could speed up further innovation. Integrity would preclude manipulative behaviours that might damage the brand or reputation of a business, or cause difficulty in business relationships could deter “trolls” that produce neither products nor services, and have not customers. Valuation through tools that would help determine the fair price of viable knowledge assets don't exist for IP investments in the same way that they do in the financial industry. Flexibility in accommodating the intangible assets of software, services and business methods haven't kept up with open software standards, where royalty-free licenses of inventions are required, but then derivatives are patented in some jurisdictions but not others. While the GIO 2.0 report captured the collective view of the contributors, IBM independently spoke to the press on the corporate position: According to Ari Fishkind, spokesperson for IBM Technology and Intellectual Property, these are the core tenets of IBM's new initiative: Patent applicants should be responsible for the quality and clarity of their applications, patent applications should be available for public examination, patent ownership should be transparent and easily discernible, and pure business methods patents without technical merit should not be patentable. [….] “The patent policy we announced is a broad framework for everything related to how we handle intellectual property. The common denominator is that in many cases, we will exceed what the law requires,” said Fishkind. “Some aspects of our policy are the notions of transparency and quality. Allowing the USPTO [U.S. Patent and Trademark Office] to publish all of our patents, and allowing other community members to provide detailed feedback about our patents, will exemplify our drive for transparency and quality in the industry” (Dames 2006). Since IBM has had a long record of annually being the world's largest grantee of patents, the weight of these reforms are significant. The Peer-to-Patent program officially started in June 2007. In the first year to 2008, there were “over 2000 registered users and 173 items of prior art submitted on 40 applications by participants from 140 countries” (Center for Patent Innovations 2008). By the second year to 2009, 2600 people had registered to become peer reviewers, with 187 participating patent applications (Center for Patent Innovations 2009). Applications had “been submitted by GE, HP, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Cisco, Disney, eBay, Novell, Red Hat, Sun, Xerox, and Yahoo, as well as by smaller firms and individuals”(Schecter 2009). While the goals of the program were overachieved, the economic downturn led to the USPTO placing a moratorium on extending the pilot past June 2009, until a full evaluation of the impact could be assessed. A full report was subsequently written (Center for Patent Innovations 2012). Of more practical significance, however, was the June 2009 nomination by the Obama administration of David Kappos, the VP and Intellectual Property at IBM (and an early proponent of Peer-to-Patent) for Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the USPTO (Noveck 2009). In addition, Beth Noveck was appointed by Obama to lead the Open Government Initiative (Hansell 2009). In January 2007, IBM announced that it would “develop and host the Inventors’ Forum, an online initiative to share and debate ideas on how smaller enterprises view patent systems and can contribute to reform efforts such as improved patent quality” (IBM 2007g). While U.S. Small Business Administration reported that small companies earn nearly 15 times the number of patents per employee as large enterprises, small companies were seen to lack the resources to obtain a patent, maintain ownership, and then convert the patent into marketable products and services. In December 2007, The Inventors Forum report was released as part of the GIO series, under a Creative Commons license. More than 400 participants -- smaller companies and their larger partners, attorneys and IP experts, government officials, economists and academics -- conversed over 12 weeks (IBM 20073). The group identified a number of issues, including: Education, at university engineering and technical undergraduate levels, did not focus future inventors and business leaders on patents and intellectual property management, further exacerbated by small businesses lacking in-house IP counsel. Patent offices could better exploit technology to help small businesses navigate the complexity of global patent systems more cost effectively. The patent reform legislation pending in the U.S. Congress was viewed positively in improving patent quality and aligning the U.S. with other countries, but sometimes negatively on ways that rule changes could award damages and the challenging of patents after they had been granted. A “Soft IP” system where a patent owner voluntarily foregoes injunctions and accepts some form of compensation for permitting the use of the patented invention would facilitate innovation on complex systems leveraging multiple inventions. Effective IP management where patents and IP are strategic business assets rather than byproducts of other activities (IBM 2007e, 6–7). The conversation began with an emphasis on the ways smaller entities could work more effectively with patent offices and legislators. As the dialogue shifted to areas for improvements that would effect the most significant change, the benefits were considered for the system and its participants as a whole. In 2008, a similar wiki-based collaborative report was used to establish “standards for standards”. This did not officially appear as GIO report -- probably because the GIO initiative was winding down by late 2008 -- but did have an influence both on IBM policy and recommendations into the White House. This collaboration occurred subsequent to the approval of OOXML as the ECMA-376 standard in December 2006, and the ISO/IEC DIS 29500 standard in April 2008, driven by Microsoft.907 Some of the issues were expressed in a blog post by Bob Sutor, IBM VP of Open Source and Standards on “Standards and Quality” in August 2007. In independent assessments of quality, comparisons to Consumers Reports ratings from an independent nonprofit organization, Amazon product ratings from purchasers, and home inspectors ranking the current state of a house under consideration were drawn. We have nothing like this for standards. What would it possibly mean for something to be a “one star standard” versus something that is a “five star standard”? We have folks who do standards compliance testing for a business, but this is not evaluating the quality of the standards themselves. I will note that we do have the Web Services Interoperability Organization which looks at existing standards and best practices in using them, and then recommends both profiles for deploying the standards well and future changes to the standards that will improve them. We have thousands of standards and no clear way to decide which of them are good and which are not. Instead, we more of less go by the organizations that create the standards, whether we are actually required to implement them (say, by law or customer requirements), or if the market leaders use them. I’m going to tackle the issue of quality and standards organizations in a future entry, but let me say that Standards organizations are not all equal in quality, though it doesn’t seem that everyone knows that. A given standards organization can produce two standards of wildly divergent quality. In my opinion, the key measurement of a standards organization is not the quantity of standards produced but the quality of standards produced. As a disclaimer, I’m very aware that when IBM is involved in the creation of standard, we probably want people to use that. The same goes for everybody else. In some cases there may be only one standard for a particular purpose. Do we just accept that or can we apply some set of metrics to it to help the maintainers evolve it into something better? (Sutor 2007) In April 2008, the OOXML standardization by the ISO led to an opinion that something needed to be done. When I was in Geneva in February, I found myself saying something like the following to those who asked me how I thought the OOXML/DIS 29500 vote was going to turn out. “If the ballot fails, we will have seen that a historic change has occurred. If it passes, we will see that historic change is needed.” Evidently, we’re in the latter case. In spite of having significant problems and intellectual property gaps, enough countries have changed their votes from the September ballot to allow the specification to move forward into the publication preparation phase with JTC1 (ISO/IEC). So is that it? Of course not. The process of international standards making has been laid bare for all to examine. [….] While fully cognizant of these current results, I’m energized to take the bigger fight for openness to the next level with the thousands of individuals who are now convinced that the standards system needs fixing, and soon. I hope you’ll take part (Sutor 2008a). In summer 2008, IBM facilitated an online wiki conversation on whether standards setting bodies have kept pace with commercial, social legal and political realities, and how transparency, fairness and quality could be improved in standards. Participants included 70 independent forward-thinking experts. The online forum was divided into five topics: (i) transparency and accountability; (ii) standards quality and creation; (iii) policy and society; (iv) intellectual property; and (v) rating and accreditation. By the end of the wiki conversation, suggestions had been made on (i) government; (ii) standards development organizations; (iii) standards community; (iv) quasi-government and non-governmental agencies; (v) international organizations; (vi) intellectual property; and (vii) academia (IBM 2008e). The wiki recommendations were published on the IBM web site, complemented with translations into Japanese and Chinese. In September 2008, learning from the discussion on the wiki, IBM announced a new corporate policy to formalize the company's behaviour when collaborating to create open technical standards. The tenets of IBM's new policy are to: Begin or end participation in standards bodies based on the quality and openness of their processes, membership rules, and intellectual property policies. Encourage emerging and developed economies to both adopt open global standards and to participate in the creation of those standards. Advance governance rules within standards bodies that ensure technology decisions, votes, and dispute resolutions are made fairly by independent participants, protected from undue influence. Collaborate with standards bodies and developer communities to ensure that open software interoperability standards are freely available and implementable. Help drive the creation of clear, simple and consistent intellectual property policies for standards organizations, thereby enabling standards developers and implementers to make informed technical and business decisions (IBM 2008g). This new policy could lead to IBM withdrawing from a standards body. It was interpreted by the press as “intended to pressure organizations such as the ISO and ECMA, an industry-led standards organization, into rethinking their procedures” (Kirk 2008). In response to the publicity, Bob Sutor blogged: With this principle, IBM is saying that it will increasingly look more closely at issues like the openness and transparency of a standards organization, as well as the modernness and consistency of the processes and intellectual property rules. IBM did so before, but it will do more in the future. IBM will sharpen and communicate its criteria to those involved in a cooperative manner (Sutor 2008b). Withdrawing from a standards body would be a last resort, if the situation became dire. In November 2008, the wiki recommendations became an input into the Standards for Standards Summit at Yale Law School. The day's discussion was divided into three working groups: (i) Standards and the role of Government; (ii) Quality and Creation of Standards; and (iii) Standards and Intellectual Property (Yale Information Society Project 2008). The working groups each summarized current problems, drafted recommendations to the Obama administration, and suggested some next steps. In March 2009, the Information Society Project at Yale Law School presented Technical Standards Recommendations for the Obama Administration. Perceived as consistent with the technology policy directions of the Obama administration, they recommended: Develop a Government Open Standards Strategy. Form a United States Standards Advisory Council. Strengthen International Standards Collaboration. Encourage the Formation of a Global Multi-stakeholder Standards Advocacy Group (Yale Information Society Project 2009) These actions would represent a national standards strategy, enabling both economic innovation, and a connected democracy focused on openness, transparency, and direct civic engagement. These activities would contribute, in part, to the America Invents Act, passed in September 2011 marked “the most extensive and important update to the U.S patent system in nearly 60 years”.908 The research for GIO 3.0 started in 2007. 909 Two reports would be released within the year: one focused on media and content, and the other focused on Africa. In October 2007, the first GIO 3.0 report was titled The New New Media. The sentiment was to explore opportunities for innovation in the “newly amorphous market segment of “media, content, branding and messaging’” -- beyond traditional view of the media industry. Over 60 days, deep dives were conducted in seven cities: Helsinki, London, Los Angeles, Mumbai, New York, Seoul and Shanghai (IBM 2007f). Seven themes emerged, the first four as primary. Authenticity: Viral anti-marketing, brand loyalty and listening without fear. Companies face a challenge of “walking the fine line of viral marketing” in delivering their brand messages. Authenticity comes not from a monologue, but through dialogue, particularly with “the voice of youth”. Beyond recognition, more substantial forms of compensation may be needed in “the currency of contribution”. The Digital Persona: Who should own your online identity? As media producers and advertisers in the digital age aim for personalization in an elusive “market of one”, consumers may want to take back control of their personal information. Context is King: In the age of free content, the future (and the money) is in the context. As the value of content content – e.g. a newspaper article, movie, song, or piece of market research – diminishes, the value of context, as the “when”, “where” and “how” that adds value to a piece of content, becomes a target for data analytics. Going Mobile: Can wireless communications bridge the digital and economic divides? Affordable mobile platforms has become way for the urban poor to connect to the Internet with a simpler “iconic literacy”, and the infrastructure is easier to build. Content Bill of Rights: Universal standards for content usage rights could save the digital media business. Usage rights, e.g. for digital music, could be attached to the a piece of content rather than the device used to consume it, or the mechanism used to deliver it. Regional Spotlight: China: With the eyes of the world upon it, China aims to tell its story. Not only will the volume of Chinese language content on the Internet increase, but a widespread sense in China that content should have educational and cultural value could challenge the Hollywood culture coming from the United States. Virtual Uncertainty: The impact of virtual worlds on the business landscape. The 3D Internet could be to the Internet what silent movies were to Hollywood, with early experiences seeming to be less about consumerism and more about expressionism. The topics of media, content and messaging had important regional differences apparent during the GIO process: in Shanghai, the need for content to be of both educational and cultural value surfaced; in New York, the deep dive went into topics of piracy and the impact on the established media industry; and in Mumbai, there was optimism about the role that India will play in the future of content creation and distribution. In November 2007, the second GIO 3.0 report was released titled Africa. The GIO meetings brought together 123 ecosystem partners from 24 countries, with deep dives in Atlanta, Beijing, Cape Town, Dakar, Lisbon, Nairobi and Paris (IBM 2007a). Africa represents 1/7 of the planet's population, with 43% under the age of 15. While China and giant multinational firms poured were pouring billions into Africa, the African nations have colonial legacies that could be instructive for the future. Eight factors critical to the continent's future were presented: Skills: Unlocking a powerful 21st-century work force in Africa demands the engagement of the private sector. The education system may not have had significant investment in nearly 40 years, so reform and overhaul to realign to the needs of the private sector are needed, and many students want to learn to start their own businesses to employ other Africans. Value Chain: African are beginning to capture more value from the continent's vast resources. Ghana has invested in cocoa-processing facilities, Rwanda rebuilt infrastructure to deliver high-end specialty coffee, Botswana and Namibia are cutting and polishing diamonds, Uganda is producing T-shirts from local organic cotton, Mauritius is becoming an offshore banking center. Infrastructure: Internet access and communications technology will spark the African services economy. Only Mauritius ranks in the top 70 countries in ICT access, with the vast majority of Africa in the “low-access” category, in anticipation of East African Submarine Cable Systems (EaSSy) [completed in 2010]. Wireless: Mobile technology is transforming Africa in unforeseen ways. The boom from 10 million wireless subscribers in 2003 to 200 million in 2007, has led to the M-Pesa money-transfer service in Kenya, and Motorola using wind turbines and photo-voltaic cells to power base stations throughout Namibia. Informal economies: Tapping the economic power of Africa's thriving informal sector. Shadow markets and the traditional sector that account of almost ¾ of non-agricultural employment in sub-Saharan Africa, and unregulated economic activity that constitute as much as 40% of GDP in some African nations has been described as a poverty trap without job protection or employee benefits, which don't contribute taxes that could be used in critical infrastructure improvement projects. Women: Women are the driving force behind Africa's entrepreneurial spirit. While accounting for more than 60% of the rural labour force and contributing up to 80% of food production, female entrepreneurs still find it difficult to obtain the “mesofinancing” they need to grow their businesses. Finance: Access to capital hinges on new definitions of risk and collateral. Few Africans are landowners or have assets or credit, and there are few traditional lenders, with microfinance a revolution, while small to medium sized enterprises don't have the mesofinancing to grow their businesses. Non-Governmental Organizations: Is foreign aid helping or hurting African economies? NGOs providing free money demonstrated little in economic stimulation, and collaboration between NGOs and private enterprises in Africa was in its early stages. IBM had already been doing business in Africa for more than half a century, and the reality of global integration was changing the way the company thought about opportunities for growth and progress. In September 2008, the first of the GIO 4.0 series was published on Security and Society. Starting in April 2008, six deep dives with participants from 93 organizations were conducted in Moscow, Berlin, Taipei, Tokyo, Vancouver and Chicago. The conversations were on security as a foundation of society, with recent trends in globalization, interdependence and digital technologies creating opportunities in business models and lifestyles, also with associated criminal elements and other destabilizing forces (IBM 2008e). The idea of distributed security emerged from the conversations: The Network Effect: Tapping into the power of distributed security. The harmfulness of a single treat is exponentially proportional to the number of people exposed to it, so “to fight a network, you need a network”. Adaptive security intelligence could be moved out to the edges of the network in “distributed security”, through “community-based security” where groups with common interests police themselves, “wireless watchdogs” enable citizens to record audio and video of suspicious activities, and “the secure supply chain” would see transparency from start to finish so that each link in the chain could shoulder a proportionate load. The New Roles: How governments and businesses must adapt to the new security reality. Security is not seen “solely as a government enterprise”, so partnerships of “good security, good business” enables economic globalization while political systems are still nationalistic and oriented towards domestic affairs; prosecuting international crimes of a digital nature is “the legal vacuum” where cyber criminals have little fear for consequences, where lobbying for legislation on digital crime could be aided by education from the private sector; and “built-in security” is embedded in products and services, with careful consideration of convenience and cost to consumers. Best Behavior: Using incentives to change bad habits. Marketing security could be “strictly business”, as manufacturers ensure the products on store shelves are legitimate, and not counterfeit, soft incentives against negative work-related events preempt “the threat within” of insider attacks; any ways to alter security behavior for the better becomes a “convenient truth” through biometric data or prescreening. Getting to Know You: The evolving relationship between security and privacy. “Informational self-determination” sees the information communicated about an individual in online world no different from the physical world, where “cancelable biometrics” might enable a “master token” to be enrolled as an identifier that might be reissued if stolen or compromised; “peer-to-peer based online rating systems” enable a “reputation reconnaissance” for trusting parties; and “data tethering” enables an identity “reclamation project” to track who is using a personal record. The movement towards distributed security tends to focus less on hardening perimeters and securing boundaries, and more on resiliency as an ability to absorb and respond to attacks. In February 2009, the last of the GIO 4.0 series -- and the last of the GIO reports -- was on Water. This study involved participants from 122 organizations, across management, business, infrastructure, food and energy (IBM 2009d). Human beings have “survived knowing very little about out water systems. We have always known where to find it and how to use it, but we never gained an intimate understanding of how to preserve or sustain these systems” (IBM 2009c, 5). In addition to relying on water for simple sustenance, “We generated power from it. We transport people and goods through it. We grow our crops with it. And we use it to cultivate medicine and manufacture products. In fact, every time a good is bought or sold there is a virtual exchange of water”, with embodied water (IBM 2009d, 3). The study led to insights in five areas: Data Drought: Informing a new era of water management. There is a lack of understanding about water, even to “the scientists, academics, businesspeople and policymakers who study water for a living”. “Measuring the oceans” has been done with ambitious projects, e.g. the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), but the programs are “big, international and expensive” with governments “only in power for about four years”, so the private sector could be involved with revenue-generating, self-sustaining business models. “Sharing the wealth” could collect and coordinate data on water that already has been collected, e.g. in the Beverage Industry Environment Roundtable. “Making data pay” could help narrow the gap between corporate strategy and social good, e.g. SmartBay Galway, where a steady stream of real-time data on water quality, aquaculture, chemical content, wave energy and tidal movement supports both policy decisions and industry around Ireland. The Business of Water: Valuing the world's most precious commodity. The economics of water can be complex and confounding to business people. In “the paradox of value”, there are costs associated with procuring, distributing and treating water, the resource itself has no price, so that issues of wastefulness, pollution and scarcity are not mitigated by a monetary incentive. Technologies focus on increasing the supply of water, leaving an opportunity for “adventure capital” to develop the opportunity to decrease demand, through smarter water systems. For “industry and water”, public companies could son be required to disclose water efficiency in their annual reports. The Infrastructure Imperative: Managing water for the next generation. Water infrastructure is easily ignored, with 15% to 35% loss to leaks in cities, and it's three times more expensive to build and maintain than electricity infrastructure. In “urban outfitting”, retrofitting infrastructure should see electricity, telephone, gas and water utilities working in concert and sharing costs. Leak detection and automatic repair of water pipes could “sense and respond” retrofitting infrastructure, as has been done in the oil and gas industry for years. With half of the world's population living in low-lying coastal areas and cities vulnerable to river flooding and storm surge, “climate proofing” has been a strategy where the Netherlands has led, as a country. Food, Energy and Water: Understanding a delicate global balance. Water, energy and agriculture should be appreciated from a broader perspective, e.g. integrated resource management. With global agriculture wasting nearly 60% of the water it uses, “more crop per drop” encourages framers to match their crops to their climate at a local level. There are huge opportunities in “ocean source” for energy and aquaculture, but we must be careful not to change the chemistry of the ocean. With no global market and little international exchange of water, “think globally, act locally” would require a shift in practices and governance at the regional level. Perception is Reality: Building global water awareness. With a hypothetical question of “If you had $10 billion to invest in any water-related startup, what would it be?”, the answer from participants was a “massive public relations effort”, as people think that water is cheap and abundant. To draw attention to the trade of water embodied in products, “virtual water” has been proposed as a basic measurement. Increasing the accountability of a nation, business or individual for responsible water use, “water footprints” could track water consumed during production and manufacturing and the supply chain. The release of this final GIO report, became coupled with the idea to “Let's Build a Smarter Planet” that begin in fall 2008. In 2009, the Smarter Cities campaign would be initiated, with 100 Smarter Cities Forums run around the world.910 The Global Innovation Outlooks enabled IBM to engage in conversations across national borders, with governments, not-for-profit organizations, and commercial businesses. The topics were guided not altruistically, but with an orientation towards the differences that private enterprise could make. In hindsight … … the GIO was never a philanthropic endeavor. If fact, it was not even part of IBM’s community engagement strategy. The GIO was a business program, expected to identify real business opportunities that led to real profit. It just so happens that IBM has always believed that addressing the most pressing needs of society are where opportunity has always been found. As our former CEO, Thomas Watson, Jr. said, “Corporations prosper only to the extent that they satisfy human needs… Profit is only the scoring system… The end is better living for us all” (Briody 2010). The time horizons beyond 3 to 5 years reflects the scale of challenge that IBM could take on, where only a very few global multinational businesses could even aspire. B.4.2 Since 2005, IBM researchers have led the Services Science, Management, Engineering and Design initiative In 2002, the idea of a Human Sciences Research area in IBM Research became realized as Almaden Services Research with an initial staff of seven (Spohrer and Motahari-Nezhad 2015). In September 2004: Jim Spohrer, who was starting up the IBM Research Service Research department, was on the line with Henry Chesbrough, a professor of business and innovation at the University of California at Berkeley. Spohrer complained to Chesbrough that he was having trouble finding job candidates who had the right mix of knowledge, including computer science, engineering, management and social science. Chesbrough pointed out that in the 1940s and ’50s IBM had boosted the development of computer science as a discipline by donating computers to universities and then helping them create curricula for teaching students how to use the machines. “IBM started computer science. You should start service science,” Chesbrough told Spohrer. The two men were so excited at the prospect that they immediately dialed in Paul Horn, then director of IBM Research, who blessed the idea (IBM 2011f). By July 2006, the ideas had been published in “A Research Manifesto for Services Science” (Chesbrough and Spohrer 2006). In October 2006, a Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) Summit included 254 people, representing 21 countries across government, industry and academia (IBM Almaden Services Research 2006). The community seemed to be developing from five clusters of intellectual impetus: (i) operations research / mathematics / optimization; (ii) industrial engineering / systems engineering; (iii) computer science / information technology / information management; (iv) process formalization / physics / complexity; and (v) business / organizational sciences / social sciences. Themes identified across the presentations and discussions included: (i) aspects of services include social interaction and relationship management; (ii) multidisciplinarity as expertise that can bridge across science, engineering, social science, management and ethics; (iii) challenges for high education in silos and tenure processes within a single discipline; and acceleration factors for higher education, where there are already establish centers of study and development of new programs. In 2007, the scholarly community was energized with the formation of a Service Science Section within INFORMS.911 The first issue of the Service Science journal was published in March 2009.912 In summer 2007, “a consortium of technology companies, government agencies and universities dedicated to fostering advancements in service research” named The Services Research and Innovation Initiative was announced (SRII 2007). “Co-founded by IBM, Oracle, the Technology Professional Services Association (TPSA), and the Service & Support Professionals Association (SSPA), SRII was formed to increase the amount of funded service research, development and innovation in the technology industry”. “Members include Association For Services Management International (AFSMI), Cisco, EMC, HP, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, Unisys, and Xerox. Academic participants include top researchers from UCLA; Cranfield School of Management; Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India; Wharton School of Business; Arizona State University; University of Maryland; and University of California Silicon Valley Center at Santa Cruz. Government and research institutions include the European Commission and the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany”. A July 2007 symposium on Service Science, Management and Engineering at University of Cambridge led to a 2008 discussion document on “Succeeding through Service Innovation: A Service Perspective for Education, Research, Business and Government” (IfM and IBM 2008). This report made recommendations for education to enable graduates to become T-shaped professionals; for research to establish service system and value proposition as foundational concepts; for business to establish employment policies and career paths for T-shaped professionals; and for government to promote service innovation and provide funding for SSME education and research. By 2008, a new book series, Service Science: Research and Innovations in the Service Economy, had been established with Springer Science. Proceedings from the SSME Summit were published in July 2008 as Service Science, Management and Engineering: Education for the 21st Century. Significant additional volumes were published in 2011, including The Science of Service Systems, and the Handbook of Service Science.913 For IBM, service science research was cited as having significant internal impact. “By creating reusable software assets, improving business processes and automating elements of services with software, the company improved the pre-tax profit margins for its services business from 6.7 percent in 2005, to 14.1 percent in 2009” (IBM 2011g). In June 2012, the SRII would be partially superseded by the International Society of Service Innovation Professionals (ISSIP) as a “democratically-run non-profit organization” where individual and institutional members work together to expand career options for service innovators while impacting business and society through new and improved service innovations.914 The initial board of directors included representatives from IBM, Cisco, HP, San Jose State University, and Virginia Tech. By the end of 2014, ISSIP would report 675 individual members, across dozens of major companies and 150 universities across 40 countries.915 B.5 At large, from 2000, businesses, creatives, academics, governments and makers, taking up open sourcing Laymen not immersed in information technology commonly associate open source with technology. The term became formalized when the Open Source Initiative was founded in 1998, and received greater notoriety only beginning in 2000 when IBM made major investments in the Linux project.916 The IT industry had presumed that the norms of “lock-in, network effects, de facto standards” were the only way to compete in the IT industry.917 Open sourcing, as a social behaviour -- by IBM and by a variety of other companies -- shifted thinking that commercial propositions with customers didn't have to only be private sourcing. Beyond IBM, open sourcing coincidentally rose as a social behaviour with new Internet technologies. The new phenomenon of an openly editable encyclopedia in Wikipedia challenged ideas about the public sharing of knowledge, particularly around the formation of the non-profit Wikipedia Foundation at 2003. A brief history of open sourcing behaviours by organizations and by individuals follows, to complete the background for changes impacting the period of research between 2001 and 2011. B.5.1 From 2000, private sourcing businesses explored commercial options in open sourcing through new communities and institutions The open source movement has benefited from corporate contributions that are “free as in liberty” as well as “free as in gratis”. The February 2000 LinuxWorld announcement World about IBM's investments into Linux was a landmark. By 2002, key leading companies open sourcing software included IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, SAP, Computer Associates, Hitachi, Sun Microsystems and Cadence Design Systems (International Institute of Infonomics and Berlecon Research GmbH 2002, 12–15). By 2005, in a study of 50 projects, 99% of vendor investments went into a “money-driven cluster” of 18 projects, with the remainder as volunteered effort from employees in a “community-driven cluster” of 32 projects. The motivated vendors in the “money-driven cluster” included IBM (estimated revenue of $4.5 billion related to open source software), Hewlett-Packard (estimated $2.9 billion), Oracle (estimated $1.2 billion) and Red Hat (estimated $280 million) (Iansiti and Richards 2006). By 2011, industry analysts estimate that 80% of all commercial software solutions could involve elements of open source.918 The resources put into open sourcing by corporate businesses are not insignificant. In the Linux project, the estimated development value of Linux release 2.6.30 in 2008 was over €1 billion, with an estimated annual R&D of €228 million (García-García and Alonso de Magdaleno 2010). The Eclipse Foundation doesn't provide hard numbers, but estimates that its ecosystem generates in the range of a billion dollars.919 The rise of open sourcing in business has been marked by (a) the contributing of assets to open source organizations, and (b) the exploring of business models to enable open sourcing into private sourcing commercial offerings. (a) One way of measuring contributions by organizations to open source communities is as assets counted as lines of code (Asay 2009). As of 2009, the Linux kernel had received 1.4 million lines of code from Red Hat, and 725 thousand from IBM.920 Sun had contributed 6.5 million lines of code to Java, 2 million lines of code to Solaris, and 10 million lines of code to OpenOffice. On Eclipse, IBM had contributed 12.5 million lines of code. Google estimated 10 million lines of code for Android, and 2 million lines of code for Chrome. In digital artifacts, only 15% of the content released by open source developers is computer source code. There's four times as much content released as scripts, markup language files, graphics images and documentation.921 Beyond the donations of artifacts, organizations commit resources to ensure vitality in the open source movement. Another way of measuring contributions is through the assignment of human resources. In 2007, 31% of administrators and users of 409 Sourceforge.net project declared that one or more firms were somehow involved. In 68% of the cases, firms supported non-development activities (e.g. testing, animating, forums, documentation, financial and logistic support), and 30% contributed code) (Capra et al. 2009). In 2009, 48% of Eclipse developers were allowed by their companies to use software and contribute back to open source communities, up from 37% in 2007 (Eclipse Foundation 2009, 18). Sponsorship of organizations independent of single vendor control has enabled open sourcing to grow. The Linux Foundation lists Fujitsu, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, NEC, and Oracle as platinum members; AMD, Cisco, ETRI, Google, HP, Motorola, NetApp, Nokia and Novell as gold members; and 44 additional companies as silver members.922 The Eclipse Foundation lists Cisco, Motorola and Blackberry as enterprise members; Actuate, Brox, CA, Cloudsmith, Genitec, IBM, Innoopract, Itemis, Nokia, Obeo, Oracle, SAP, Sonatype, and Sopera as strategic members; and 72 organizations as solution members; and 71 organizations as associate members.923 All of these contributions demonstrate ongoing open sourcing behaviour while the sponsoring organizations have simultaneously pursued private sourcing initiatives commercially. The simultaneity positions an organization to benefit by being on the “right side” of platform decisions endorsed as an open standard, while not restricting private sourcing extensions as features attractive to the customers they target and serve. (b) While small scale open sourcing can be viable through individuals volunteering personal time and effort, ongoing large scale open sourcing occurs only through injections of capital. Governments sometimes redistribute wealth towards open sourcing (e.g. university research) to influence regional policy, with private sourcing antithetical to transparent political processes.924 Free enterprises can redistribute wealth into open sourcing while creating greater wealth through private sourcing to a selected customer set. Industry collaboration in open sourcing projects can be structured so that organizations can still compete on independently funded private sourcing complements. A three-way categorization of business models associated with software products sees (i) pure open source models; (ii) hybrid open source/commercial licensing models; and (iii) embedded open source.925 More generally, the Open Source Definition has always recognized -- if not encouraged -- the benefits of commercial development and motivations with entrepreneurism. Silicon Valley is a hotbed for startup companies initially funded with venture capital, with a promise of business models with eventual financial viability. An offering could include open sourcing in some elements of software, services and/or hardware, while private sourcing in others. When open sourcing while private sourcing was new in 2004, seven alternative strategies enabling sustainable business models were frequently cited: An optimization strategy: In layered a software stack, commodity layers enable optimization where pricing power can be applied in interdependent and/or application layers (e.g. Oracle). A dual license strategy: Free use for software with some limitations, with fees for more features and/or commercial distribution rights (e.g. MySQL). A subscription strategy: Charge for maintenance, entitling configuration support, updates and upgrades (e.g. Novell, Red Hat, SpikeSource, SourceLabs, JBoss, Sun, Zend). A consulting strategy: Make money on the customization of enterprise solutions, where implementation costs are 70% of commercial fees (e.g. 10X, SpikeSource, SourceLabs, JBoss) A patronage strategy: Drive standards adoption to crack entrenched markets with a commoditized layer, and then offer value higher up in the stack (e.g. IBM. HP, Intel) A hosted strategy: Rather than selling software, provide software services using GPL software without being subject to redistribution restrictions (e.g. eBay, Amazon, Salesforce.com, Google). An embedded strategy: Extend hardware platforms with an open operating system, accelerating delivery at a lower cost (Neoteris, Tivo, IBM) (Koenig 2004). In a 2005 IBM-internal study, an eighth was added: an onramp / loss leader strategy: gaining a strong affinity between open source and commercial software options. This strategy was observed for IBM, CA and Sun.926 In the subscription strategy, the consulting strategy and the hosted strategy, customers choose to pay a vendor for complements to the software rather than to do it themselves. These reflect that software only has value when packaged with other components, and that a vendor may gain economies of expertise as a provider to multiple customers. If we look at similes where vendors cook meals for people who might otherwise cook for themselves, (i) some vendors serve meals-on-wheels, (ii) some offer cooking classes where the student prepares food, and (iii) some have restaurants with everyday recipes and ingredients (e.g. a bacon and egg breakfast). In the dual license strategy and the onramp / loss leader strategy, some customers choose to directly pay for software that they might otherwise get for free. The dual license strategy is a value-based customer segmentation. Lightweight users might not place a higher value on one provider over another (e.g. a student learning about how a relational database works, or a small business with few transactions). When an application becomes mission-critical and resource intensive, the paid option may be an economical alternative to obtain features that optimize performance. In the onramp / loss leader strategy, sunk costs are relevant. A customer may want the advantage of working with a specific vendor in the longer term, but is insignificant in its current state. That customer might choose a free version with limitations (e.g. a “community edition”) while in startup mode, then migrating to a paid version (e.g. an “extended edition”) when revenue flows become sustainable. The transition from the free version to the paid version is a simple matter of a changed license key, and no effort is wasted. The trend towards open sourcing requires companies to adjust their private sourcing strategies in the long term, if not in the short term. Three ways in which managers and practitioners might adapt have been suggested: (1) since open sourcing moves appropriability from code secrecy (i.e. private sourcing) to licensing, larger efforts could be placed on patenting algorithms that have superior performance;927 (2) mixing open sourcing components with private sourcing assets and investments could be an attractive packaging that enables profitability; and (3) hardware manufacturers could bundling open sourcing software, while specialized software suppliers change their value propositions or target customers (Fosfuri, Giarratana, and Luzzi 2008, 302–303). A larger perspective would suggest that the space for open sourcing while private sourcing is a non-zero-sum game, if the market opportunity is reframed from just information technologies to larger social and economic realms. Companies with large portfolios of software patents have been key participants in open sourcing projects. However, not all companies are equally enthralled with the potential to commercialize open sourcing. Open source alternatives can be seen as a cannibalization threat, with a potential to devalue a brand name and reputation for quality. Commoditization in one technology may or may not be offset from complementaries (e.g. software for gratis could be bundled with hardware or services for fee) (Fosfuri, Giarratana, and Luzzi 2008, 301–302). Open sourcing is a new phenomenon that has to coexist in a legacy of private sourcing. Companies working together have faced court challenges charging collusion and antitrust. In March 2003, the Santa Cruz Organization (SCO) filed suits against IBM, alleging that IBM had incorporated some of its code (from the private sourcing Caldera derivative of AT&T Unix Unixware acquired by Novell, into IBM's private sourcing AIX product) into the Linux project (Shankland 2003). In a related lawsuit, SCO also attacked the Free Software Foundation (FSF) on the GPL – the license chosen by Linus Torvalds for Linux – as unconstitutional under the Intellectual Property Clause, and in violation of federal antitrust laws (Ake 2007). In 2006, Judge Brooke Wells granted, in part, IBM's motion to limit SCO's claims due to lack of specificity (P. Jones 2006b). The trial date later that year was vacated pending the resolution of a lawsuit of SCO v. Novell. In 2007, Judge Dale Kimball ruled that Novell owned the original Unixware copyright (Jones 2007a). Novell stated that it didn't “believe that there is Unix in Linux” and the company was “not interested in suing people over Linux”, seeing no value in legal proceedings against IBM (Montalbano 2007). With SCO in Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the case was then administratively closed (P. Jones 2007b). In 2013, SCO secured approval to reopen the case against IBM. At the end of 2014. Judge David Nuffer dismissed the charges, ruling that IBM had licensed the source code from Novell, and SCO was bound by the Novell judgement (Sharwood 2014). Beginning in April 2005, Daniel Wallace filed pro se (i.e. without legal counsel) lawsuits in Indiana, against the Free Software Foundation. The complaint was amended four times, based on mistakes leading to dismissal by Judge John Daniel Tinder.928 In June 2006, a second lawsuit was launched against IBM, Red Hat and Novell.929 The plaintiff in the case, Daniel Wallace, has wanted to compete with Linux by offering a derivative work or by writing an operating system from the ground up. He argued that he has been barred from doing so, while Linux and its derivatives can be obtained at no charge. He asserted that IBM, Red Hat and Novell have conspired to eliminate competition in the operating-system market by making Linux available at an "unbeatable" price: free. The court found Wallace's theory to be "faulty substantively." The decision pointed out that "the goal of antitrust law is to use rivalry to keep prices low for consumers' benefit." Here, the court concluded that Wallace sought to employ "antitrust law to drive prices up," which would "turn (antitrust law) on its head" (Sinrod 2006). Later in 2006, Wallace filed with the U.S. Court of Appeals. The three-judge panel upheld the decision by the lower court (Broache 2006). These landmark decisions have become precedents on the findings that open sourcing can be beneficial to society, and not in conflict with the principles on which antitrust laws were founded. With open sourcing changing the legal landscape, IBM proactively (i) made intellectual property pledges and (ii) encouraged other industry leaders to follow suit in commons. The difference between a patent pledge and a patent commons has been contrasted: A patent pledge can take various forms but it is basically a public commitment from a patent owner not to sue one or more parties for infringement, typically, in support of a specific usage. This is usually done by companies like IBM in support of specific technologies, standards, or particular industry trends, such as the open source with the goal to facilitate adoption of a specific technology, standard, or software. Wikipedia defines commons as a word “used in the sense of any sets of resources that a community recognizes as being accessible to any member of that community.” In the case of patent commons, the resources made accessible are patents. Like patent pledges, patent commons are typically created in support of a specific goal. The major difference between patent pledges and patent commons is that while pledges can be done unilaterally, commons by nature require the creation of a community, a set of identified intellectual property owners who agree to respect the rules set by the community (Lehors 2009a). Towards protecting both contributor and users using assets declared in the commons, legacy procedures for intellectual property ownership could be adapted. At LinuxWorld in August 2004, “IBM pledged not to assert any of its patents against the Linux kernel” (IBM 2005d). In January 2005, that pledge was made concrete by naming 500 IBM software patents as open access “to any individual, community, or company working on or using software that meets the Open Source Initiative (OSI) definition of open source software now or in the future”.930 That pledge was intended “to form the basis of an industry-wide "patent commons" in which patents are used to establish a platform for further innovations in areas of broad interest to information technology developers and users”.931 In addition to fostering continued innovation, the pledged patents would “contribute to open standards and broader interoperability between applications by providing open source developers with a solid base of innovation they can use and share”. The proposal to create a patent comments was widely covered in the press. While criticism from some notable individuals ranged from “too little” to “too much”– e.g. Bruce Perens counting the pledge small relevant to the total IBM portfolio (Bednarz 2005), to Bill Gates describing “some new modern-day sort of communists” (Andrews 2005) – the proposal was generally well-received (B. Jones 2005). While copyright and patent systems were originally developed to protect innovation and invention, those were increasingly becoming a detriment to scientific, technological and creative advancements.932 In November 2005, the Open Innovation Network (OIN) was founded as a patent commons by IBM, Novell, Philips, Red Hat and Sony, with a charter to acquire patents and offer them royalty-free, provided those patents would not be asserted (P. Jones 2005d). In addition to the Linux-related content, initial assets also included web service patents from Commerce One, a subsidiary of Novell that had filed for bankruptcy court protection in 2004. In March 2007, Oracle would license patents from the OIN, protecting components in MySQL and PostgreSQL that compete with Oracle's database products (Shankland 2007).933 In August 2007, Google also joined the OIN, as Linux is core to its search engine, web indexing and analysis (Babcock 2007). In late 2005, IBM started pledging technology specifications, acting unilaterally without partners. An open source analyst explained this as a way of removing bureaucracy for industry standards committees.934 Anyone – whether commercial or non-commercial, open sourcing or private sourcing – is free to implement a listed standards, without having to research relevant patents and document conditions on royalty-free licenses,. This effectively separated interface specifications as open sourcing, while putting IBM on the same footing as everyone else for private sourcing implementations (released under either commercial or non-commercial conditions). These pledges included patent shields, implying that anyone attacking IBM on a patent would be met with a counterattack by IBM on its rather extensive patent portfolio. The overall effect would be to reduce the need for legal counsel for all. In October 2005, the first specifications pledged by IBM were selected open healthcare and educational software standards built around web services, electronic forums and open document formats (IBM 2005f). While that year had seen a lot of issues around open documents standards and interoperability, little work had been done on industry verticals. In a federated healthcare system, medical information encumbered by proprietary formats controlled be a vendor can slow down integration. IBM named 20 working groups and technical committees in 6 established healthcare and education standards organizations that have done little work on web services and security. In a forward looking announcement, “if these designated groups build their next generation of healthcare and education standards on web services, electronic forms, and open document standards, and they do so within rules of maintaining compatibility and interoperability, then IBM will not assert any of our patents on implementers of these new healthcare and education standards” (Sutor 2005b). The intent would be to promote to use of core underlying standards into a collection of next generation frameworks, as a global initiative and not just specific to North America. The IBM pledge preceded a report on “Ending the Document Game: Connecting and Transforming Your Healthcare Through Information Technology”, where stories (e.g. filling out contact and insurance information seven times) were presented the U.S. Congress by the federal Commission on Systemic Interoperability.935 In July 2007, IBM pledged universal and perpetual access to patents on 150 core software interoperability standards (IBM 2007v). Motivations were clarified on a page of Frequently Asked Questions.936 The royalty-free non-assert pledge has conditions that the implementer has to reciprocate to also not assert. Like an open source license, no communication to IBM is required. The motive for the pledge was explained as encouraging broad adoption of open specifications for software interoperability, which could see multiple organizations offering a variety of implementations. The list of 150 patents cited on the IBM public web pages included a broad assortment of XML-based technologies.937 Subsequently, additional pledges were made in July 2009 and December 2011.938 In January 2008, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development announced the Eco-Patent Commons. This had been initiated by IBM, who sought a neutral host, following the 2007 Global Innovation Outlook conference.939 The initial founders were IBM, Nokia, Pitney Bowes and Sony, each pledging environmentally responsible patents to the public domain. Examples of environmental benefits expected for pledged patents included: energy conservation or improved energy or fuel efficiency ; pollution prevention (source reduction, waste reduction) ; use of environmentally preferable materials or substances; water or materials use reduction ; and increased recycling opportunity (IBM 2008h). The number of members gradually grew: Bosch, DuPont and Xerox joined in September 2008; Ricoh and Taisei joined in March 2009, and Dow Chemical and Fui Xerox joined in October 2009. Examples of pledged patents include: transforming old mobile phones into new products, e.g. digital cameras or other electronic devices (from Nokia); converting certain non-recyclable plastics into beneficial fertilizer (from DuPont); and substituting a toxic solvent used in quantum computing with a mixture of alcohol and water (from IBM) (Lehors 2009b). By 2009, over 100 patents had been pledged.940 IBM was not the only corporation to make patent pledges. It may, however, have been the company that was least criticized in its legal approach. In January 2005, shortly after IBM's pledge of 150 patents, Sun Microsystems pledged 1600 patents (Sun Microsystems 2005). This gave open source developers free access to Sun OpenSolaris related patents under the CDDL. A journalist asking Jonathan Schwartz why Sun “wouldn't do what IBM did” got a response that he couldn't “justify to his shareholders opening up all of their IP” (P. Jones 2005b). This criticized as “clumsy dodging” with patents “only for signed-up licensees of the CDDL”, which wouldn't apply to using the patents on Linux (under GPL), or any other open source licenses.941 In a headline suggesting “patent use would be okay beyond Solaris project”, the head of Sun Solaris marketing responded that “Clearly we have no intention of suing open-source developers," and added, "We haven't put together a fancy pledge on our Web site" to that effect (Shankland 2005). A deeper analysis seeing the incompatibility of CDDL-licensed OpenSolaris and GPL-licensed Linux meant “Sun prevented its nemeses Red Hat and IBM from implementing those patents in Linux in a way that's harmful to Sun (especially considering the damage that Linux has already done to Sun)” (Berlind 2005a). By 2007, the conditions hadn't changed.942 In September 2006, Microsoft would declare an “Open Specification Promise” (Microsoft 2006c). This promise was criticized as “worse than useless”, as Microsoft explicitly reserved the right to change the terms at any time in the future.943 This did not mean that Microsoft would not work with open source communities -- cooperation on the Apache POI (Java API for Microsoft Documents) project was cited -- but did mean that legal counsel would have to be involved in each and every patent licensing (Oliver 2008). In March 2013, Google would announce an “Open Patent Non-Assertion (OPN) Pledge, whereby the company promised “not to sue any user, distributor or developer of open-source software on specified patents, unless first attacked" (Warren 2013). The first 10 patents released focused on MapReduce, a programming model for handling large datasets.944 In August 2013, Google would pledge 79 additional patents associated with cloud and big data, have acquired them from IBM and CA Technologies (Lardinois 2013). In August 2014, Google would pledge another 152 patents associated with back-end technologies, encryption and prefetching, and XML parsing and validation (Lardinois 2014). From 2001 through 2007, open sourcing while private sourcing by corporations could be seen as pioneering, within the constraints of legal system, particularly in the United States. By 2008, with several legal challenges flattened and a new style of government encouraged by a newly elected Obama administration, open sourcing while private sourcing became an acceptable, albeit uncommon way of doing business. B.5.2 From 2002, Creative Commons has standardized open licensing While some altruistic individuals are willing to participate in open sourcing without concerns about ownership or liability, the pragmatic are more cautious. From the December 2002 release of the Creative Commons 1.0 license, individuals and organizations have been able to easily declare ways in which others are privileged to reuse and/or derive content without having to engage in a case-by-case negotiation.945 Copyright licensing in a broader range of domains was formalized, inspired from the experiences in the open source movement.946 [The] cc licence is not designed for software, but, rather, for other kinds of creative works: websites, texts, courseware (these are all considered literature), music, film, photography, etc.947 The original conditions of “some rights reserved” were expressed in combinations in four dimensions: Attribution [by]: You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your copyrighted work — and derivative works based upon it — but only if they give credit the way you request. Share Alike [sa]: You allow others to distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs your work. Non-Commercial [nc]: You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform your work — and derivative works based upon it — but for non-commercial purposes only. No Derivative Works [nd]: You let others copy, distribute, display, and perform only verbatim copies of your work, not derivative works based upon it.948 Six combinations of these conditions describe increasing strengths of copyright assertion, abbreviated as (i) BY, (ii) BY-SA, (iii) BY-ND, (iv) BY-ND, (v) BY-ND-SA and (vi) BY-NC-ND.949 For each work released, a content creator can override the standard copyright terms in a jurisdiction by declaring a Creative Commons license. Enabling the wide variety of license choices tends to follow the philosophy of choice by the Open Source Initiative.950 In December 2007, two additional legal tools were announced: CC+ (i.e. CC Plus) and CC0 (i.e. CC Zero). CC+ is a protocol to enable a simple way for users to get rights beyond the rights granted by a CC license. For example, a Creative Commons license might offer noncommercial rights. With CC+, the license can also provide a link to enter into transactions beyond access to noncommercial rights — most obviously commercial rights, but also services of use such as warranty and ability to use without attribution, or even access to physical media. [….] CC0 is a protocol that enables people to either (a) ASSERT that a work has no legal restrictions attached to it, or (b) WAIVE any rights associated with a work so it has no legal restrictions attached to it, and (c) SIGN the assertion or waiver (Steuer 2007). The CC+ license was developed in cooperation with commercial rights agencies and some pioneering CC-enabled businesses. The CC0 license is similar to the public domain dedication, enabling a future platform for reputation systems to judge the reliability of a copyright status depending on the certifier. Refinements of the Creative Commons licences has continued, with version 4.0 initially launched in September 2011, published in November 2013. Porting a generic license across the variety of (60) jurisdictions is no longer necessary with CC 4.0 licenses.951 The Creative Commons has advanced the letters of the law in defining remix or read/write culture, in contrast to a permission or read-only culture (Lessig 2008). Licensing is a parallel activity whereby the lawyers have been catching up to the practices exhibited in open source communities.952 The rise of digital photography has led to a domain where new licensing for content has become popular. Photographers capture more images digitally than they did with film cameras, and the Internet can making sharing privately, with friends or family, or the public, easy.953 Organizing digital images on a web platform can make finding a specific photograph easier not only for the non-creators, but also for the photographer himself or herself.954 Flickr launched as a web-based image hosting platform in February 2004. In June 2004, Flickr announced the feature to choose a Creative Commons license on uploading new images, either as a batch, or per-photo (Butterfield 2004). With the rise of blogging, hosting images on Flickr was an easy way of managing digital photographs. Within the first year, 10 million photographs were published under the six Creative Commons licences. Yahoo acquired the company in March 2005. After 5 years, in 2009, there were 100 million photographs, free to download, print and distribute (Thorne 2009). Most photographs were licensed restrictively – with 33% BY-NC-ND, and 29% BY-NC-SA – yet 24% (i.e. 24 million photos) allow commercial use with minimal restrictions. Case law has demonstrated that Creative Commons licenses on Flickr images has been enforced in a variety of jurisdictions.955 In March 2015, Flickr added options to tag works no longer in copyright as Public Domain, or complete copyright releases under CC0 (Vaidyanathan 2015). Creating and sharing derivative works of digital images can complicate their licensing. In November 2006, DeviantArt included Creative Commons licensing as an alternative to traditional copyright, as part of the normal workflow of uploading artistic content to its web site (Ellwood 2006). Founded in 2000, members “deviate” animations, photographs, web skins, films and literature and share them on the web. In July 2004, Google acquired Picasa as an image organizer and viewer. With the September 2008 announcement of Picasa 3.0 and Picasa Web Albums, Google announced the option to choose one of the six CC licenses on each image, and/or set the “Photo Usage and Licensing” as a default (Benenson 2008; Horowitz 2008). Sharing digital images through blogging has become even more popular with “retweeting” or “liking”. Creative Commons licensing by the original photographer legalizes the conditions for resharing the content. Technically, the terms of service for each web hosting service often restrict sharing to only that provider, and not other web services. While rarely enforced, normal practices in resharing content in social media could frequently represent violations of copyright that are not enforced.956 Sharing music over the Internet has had a legal chill since the 2001 enforcement of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) on Napster.957 This could be resolved by separating Creative Commons licensed digital music from the traditional commercial channels of distribution. In January 2005, Jamendo was launched as a website for musicians, complementing peer-to-peer networks (e.g. eMule, BitTorrent and Kazaa) with a legal service allowing artists to choose one of the Creative Commons licenses for their works.958 Jamendo also proposed a system of direct and voluntary compensation from listeners to the artists, in the form of donations or sponsorship, passing through 90% to 100% of the payment (Roelants 2005). By December 2006, the web site had listed 2000 albums (Zimmer 2006). The company received first round venture capital funding in July 2007, which was bought out in April 2008.959 By October 2010, Jamendo claimed that the web site had 400,000 tracks of free music, with 30,000 artists from 150 countries, with additional licensing for film, television, public places and games (Jamendo Team 2013). Spoken word podcasting saw some early adopters of Creative Commons licensing. On May 3, 2005, the first podcasting interview was released, based on a collaboration between two fellows of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society: radio journalist Christopher Lydon and software developer Dave Winer (Walsh 2011).960 The founding of Radio Open Source followed a history of a 2001 dispute on rebroadcast rights on Lydon's prior show, The Connection.961 Production on the podcast show has continued with Creative Commons licensing, with audio content preserved since 2005 on the Internet. In November 2013, an agreement was made by WBUR to rebroadcast Radio Open Source podcasts on weekends (Kahn 2013). Video sharing web sites were slower in working through copyright options, as the popularity of camera phones rose. Blip.tv, since the early days of its beta test in July 2006, was first in requiring all video content uploaded to its web site be licensed as Creative Commons.962 This feature on blip.tv was a major differentiator amongst video sharing web sites for many years. Blip.tv made downloading video content easy for remixing, whereas alternatives would not do similarly for many years.963 In July 2010, Vimeo announced that they were “launching a new Settings option that allows you to add one of several Creative Commons licenses to your videos” (Verdugo 2010). They re-emphasized a “golden rule” that “you may not upload content that you did not create yourself”, and that permissions could not be granted for others to use. In June 2011, Youtube announced that content owners could market their videos with Creative Commons CC-BY licenses upon uploading the videos (Peterson 2011). Additionally, they started a new Creative Commons library of 10,000 videos from C-SPAN, Voice of America, Al Jazeera and others. This was described as “a big deal” for remix culture, as Creative Commons-licensed videos became readily available to Youtube's video editor for mashing up with other clips and synchronizing with music. The Youtube product manager describe it “as if all the Creative Commons videos were part of your personal library” (Roettgers 2011). The sharing of text had a legacy in GNU licences (e.g. documentation), that eventually was updated for larger scale collaboration. Between May and August 2009, Wikipedia amended the licensing on its web sites to enable dual licensing under the original GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License) and a new Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. This was started in December 2007, with a request from the Wikipedia Foundation to the Free Software Foundation to provide a migration path in the GFDL 1.3 license. The Wikipedia founder, Jimmy Wales, said Creative Commons licensing might have been preferred if it had been available when the web site was first launched. When I started Wikipedia, Creative Commons did not exist. The Free Documentation License was the first license that demonstrated well how the principles of the free software movement could be applied to other kinds of works. However, it is designed for a specific category of works: software documentation. The CC-BY-SA license is a more generic license that meets the needs of Wikipedia today, and I'm very grateful that the FSF has allowed this change to happen. Switching to CC-BY-SA will also allow content from our projects to be freely mixed with CC-BY-SA content. It's a critically necessary change for the future of Wikimedia (Wikimedia Foundation 2009). The Free Software Foundation released GFDL 1.3 in November 2008.964 After the May passage of the dual licensing vote by the Wikimedia Foundation, the FSF gave permission to transition from the GFDL by August 1, 2009.965 After that date, all content on Wikipedia was to be licensed as Creative Commons CC-BY-SA. By June 2011, the total number of CC-licensed works on the Internet was estimated at 400 million works “from music and photos, to research findings and entire college courses” (Creative Commons Corporation 2011). Stories of success were related in an online book, The Power of Open, in 9 languages. TED Talks has had free and open distribution of its videos since June 2006 with a CC BY-NC-ND license. British photographer Jonathan Worth followed Cory Doctorow's example of giving his book away and making money from it, with an experiment of CC BY licensing of free high-resolution copies online while selling exclusive signed prints.966 Nina Paley released her 2008 animated movie “Sita Sings the Blues” under CC BY-SA, claiming that she has a higher profile, doesn't spend anything on promotion, and fans buy merchandise. The Open University chose CC licenses on its new OpenLearn website in 2005, preempting £100,000 in legal fees. Khan Academy has licensed its videos under the BY-NC-SA license since 2004, and has received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Public Library of Science (PloS) has published with CC BY license since 2003, and has open access journals recognized as having impact. A total of 30 stories were published in the book. The sharing of content -- as information, ideas, or creative works -- has been defined in four ways: Pay to view sharing is making content available to paying customers. (e.g., paywalls). Read only sharing is granting free access to read content. (for the vast majority of content published, this is the type of sharing involved). Copy only sharing is giving other people the right to actually move and share you content around the web. Remix sharing means giving other people rights to remix and build upon your content (Pearson 2015). The Internet has made sharing easy with (i) the abundant information and creative works online; (ii) free copies of even locked-up content easy to find; and (iii) people going beyond just consuming to participate in creating culture. Thus, Creative Commons licences have been used (i) as a publicity vehicle; (ii) to build community; (iii) to leverage outside ideas; (iv) for the social good; and (v) new kinds of “open” companies with transparency and participative work culture. By 2014, the number of Creative Commons-licensed works is estimated at 882 million.967 The presentation of ideas has led to the August 2015 Kickstarter funding of a book Made with Creative Commons: A Book on Open Business Models (Stacey 2015). The project has a goal to begin to answer the question “how do creators make money to sustain what they do when they are letting the world reuse their work?” (Creative Commons 2015). B.5.3 From 2005, open government data cooperated with citizens Transparency of government and public access to information are not new ideas. Readily sourcing of evolving digital datasets through open interfaces so that that information can be analyzed, contextualized and mashed up has advanced at various rates in a variety of jurisdictions worldwide. In December 2007, 30 American open government advocates met for a weekend to create a list of Open Government Data Principles.968 Resulting the meeting were 8 principles and 3 principles requesting open comment:969 Government data shall be considered open if it is made public in a way that complies with the principles below: Complete: All public data is made available. Public data is data that is not subject to valid privacy, security or privilege limitations. Primary: Data is as collected at the source, with the highest possible level of granularity, not in aggregate or modified forms. Timely: Data is made available as quickly as necessary to preserve the value of the data. Accessible: Data is available to the widest range of users for the widest range of purposes. Machine processable: Data is reasonably structured to allow automated processing. Non-discriminatory: Data is available to anyone, with no requirement of registration. Non-proprietary: Data is available in a format over which no entity has exclusive control. License-free: Data is not subject to any copyright, patent, trademark or trade secret regulation. Reasonable privacy, security and privilege restrictions may be allowed. Compliance must be reviewable. 1. “public” means: The Open Government Data principles do not address what data should be public and open. Privacy, security, and other concerns may legally (and rightly) prevent data sets from being shared with the public. Rather, these principles specify the conditions public data should meet to be considered “open.” 2. “data” means: Electronically stored information or recordings. Examples include documents, databases of contracts, transcripts of hearings, and audio/visual recordings of events. While non-electronic information resources, such as physical artifacts, are not subject to the Open Government Data principles, it is always encouraged that such resources be made available electronically to the extent feasible. 3. “reviewable” means: A contact person must be designated to respond to people trying to use the data. A contact person must be designated to respond to complaints about violations of the principles. An administrative or judicial court must have the jurisdiction to review whether the agency has applied these principles appropriately.970 These 2007 principles have since been adopted, to a greater or less degree, across jurisdictions at the federal, regional and municipal levels. By October 2013, the Open Data Barometer would rank the UK as the most advanced country for open data readiness, implementation and impact, scoring above the USA. Sweden, New Zealand, Denmark and Norway, as shown in Table B.2. The leading developing country was Kenya (21st), ranking higher than rich countries such as Ireland (29th) and Belgium (31st). Table B.2 Open Data Barometer, Top Global Ranking, from (Davies 2013 Rank Country Readiness Sub-Index Implementation Sub-Index Impact Sub-Index ODB Overall 1 United Kingdom 100.00 100.00 79.91 100.00 2 United States 95.26 86.67 100.00 93.38 3 Sweden 95.20 83.14 71.95 85.75 4 New Zealand 81.88 65.49 88.81 74.34 5 Norway 91.88 70.98 46.15 71.86 5 Denmark 83.54 70.20 55.73 71.78 7 Australia 87.88 64.71 51.19 67.68 8 Canada 79.11 63.92 51.59 65.87 9 Germany 74.50 63.14 53.81 65.01 10 France 79.39 64.31 39.07 63.92 10 Netherlands 85.92 67.06 21.42 63.66 The Open Data Barometer is structured in three sub-indices: (i) readiness, identifying how far a country has in the places the political, social and economic foundations for realizing the potential benefits of open data; (ii) implementation, identifying the extent to which government has published a range of key datasets to support innovation, accountability and more improved social policy; and (iii) emerging impacts, identify the extend to which open data has been seen to lead to positive political, social and environment, and economic change. While the UK scored the highest in readiness and implementation, the United States scored highest in impact. Sampling was conducted in 77 countries. Much of emphasis in the report was on on appreciating regional (i.e. continental) trends, and recognizing the strong relationship between levels on the Human Development Index and the diffusion of open government data policy and practice. Most countries had open government data initiatives at a national level, with a few exceptions leading with cities (e.g. the Edo State ahead of Nigeria as a country). With the focus of this book on the period between 2001 and 2011, an outline of progress in the leading two countries follow: the United Kingdom, and the United States. The UK evolved partially coinciding with a 2003 directive from the European Union culminating in 2010 action plan by Prime Minister David Cameron.971 The U.S. activity was led by citizen dissatisfaction on scandals from 2005 through to the Obama administration taking office in 2009. In the UK, policy changes would originate first from outside the country, with grassroots level activities from citizens associated with academic institutions. In November 2003, the EU passed a Directive on the Re-use of Public Sector Information (PSI). It established “a minimum set of rules governing the re-use and the practical means of facilitating re-use of existing documents held by public sector bodies of the Member States” (European Parliament 2003). The general principle was that “these documents shall be re-usable for commercial or non-commercial purposes”, and “where possible, documents shall be made available through electronic means”. By July 2009, all member states had implemented the Directive, although only four met the original deadline of July 2005 (European Commission 2009). The UK was one of those four (Minister for the Cabinet Office 2005). The commission would open 18 infringement cases against member states, and the European Court of Justice would deliver 4 judgements for failure to implement the Directive.972 The 2009 report assessed that “progress had been made”, but implementation in member states was “uneven”. From May 2004, the incorporation of the Open Knowledge Foundation in the UK was led by Rufus Pollock, an economist at the University of Cambridge.973 While initial initiatives at December 2004 In did not focus on open government data, the original purpose would eventually include that as well: The Foundation exists to promote the openness of all forms of knowledge. We work in three particular areas: To promote freedom of access, creation and dissemination of knowledge. To develop, support and promote projects, communities and tools that foster and facilitate the creation, access to and dissemination of knowledge. To campaign against restrictions both legal and non-legal on the creation, access to and dissemination of knowledge.974 The costs of computing and the Internet was seen as an opportunity for a knowledge society, while the trend was threats of strengthening of intellectual property law.975 In January 2005, the Freedom of Information Act 2000 came into force across the whole United Kingdom. This act of parliament originated as a white paper in 1997, with a schedule of compliance around timelines in different jurisdictions. The 2000 UK Act applied to public bodies in England, Wales and North Ireland. The Scottish Act, with almost identical requirements, was passed in 2002. In March 2005, Demos, a cross-party think tank in Britain, published Wide Open: Open source methods and their future potential (Mulgan, Steinberg, and Salem 2005). They suggested three broad categories of activity observed in projects inspired by open source ideas, at least partially transferable to non-software areas: (i) open knowledge, projects where knowledge is provided freely, shaped, vetted and used by a wide community of participants; (ii) open team working, projects that merge semi-open teams rooted in organizations in loose communities of interest; and (iii) open conversations with online with more participants than before. In 2003, the mySociety project, led by Tom Steinberg, revived the UK Citizens Online Democracy (UKCOD) originally founded in 1996.976 In June 2006, the TheyWorkForYou web site -- aggregating content from Hansard records in the House of Commons, House of Lords, Scottish Parliament and North Ireland Assembly to track votes and speeches of Members of Parliament since 2004 -- was adopted by mySociety. In February 2007, an independent review was chartered “to explore new developments in the use of citizen- and state-generated information in the UK, and to present an analysis and recommendations to the Cabinet Office Minister as part of the Policy Review” (Mayo and Steinberg 2007, 7). This was supported by the Strategy Unit of Prime Minister Tony Blair, with Tom Steinberg of mySociety as the primary author, and with Ed Mayo of the National Consumer Council in a rapid review. The final report of The Power of Information was published in June 2007, with 15 recommendations. June 2007 was also the month when the Labour Party leadership would transition from Tony Blair to Gordon Brown in an uncontested election. The popularity of the Labour Party would decline in the recession of 2008, and the party saw a catastrophic loss of seats in the 2010 general election. With the Conservative Party having the largest number of seats in a hung parliament, a coalition between the Labour Party and the Liberal Democrats was insufficient to rule, and Gordon Brown resigned. In May 2010, the government would change to coalition of the Conservative Party led by David Cameron and the Liberal Democrats led by Nick Clegg. In an open sourcing mode, the Open Knowledge Foundation would develop the ideas and infrastructure for the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN), which would become the foundations for the data.gov.uk initiative, and subsequently data.gov in the United States. In September 2006, the OKF would publish version 1.0 of the Open Knowledge Definition.977 A work is defined as open “if its manner of distribution satisfies” conditions on (i) access; (ii) redistribution; (iii) reuse; (iv) absence of technological restriction; (v) attribution; (vi) integrity; (vi) no discrimination against persons or groups; (viii) no discrimination against fields of endeavor; (ix) distribution of license; (x) license must not be specific to a package; and (xi) license must not restrict the distribution of other works. Licenses conformant with the open knowledge definition include the MIT Database License; the Creative Commons Attribution License (cc-by) and Attribution Share-Alike License (cc-by-sa); the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL); and the UK PSI (Public Sector Information) Click-Use License. Features that would make a license non-conformant licenses include no-derivatives and non-commercial clauses. In October 2014, the Open Definition would be revised in version 2 in simpler language: “Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose”.978 The revision was in review for year prior to release, with “input from experts involved in open access, open culture, open data, open education, open government, open source and wiki communities”. OKCon 2007, the first Open Knowledge Conference, was held in London in March 2007, with panels on open media, open geodata and open scientific and civic information.979 OKCon 2008 was held one year later, on the theme “Applications, Tools and Services”.980 OKCon 2009 in March 2009 focused on “open knowledge and development” and on “the semantic web and open data”.981 Subsequent conferences have spread to other geographies.982 In July 2007, the OKF announced the launch of an open sourcing Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) after a year of prior development (Pollock 2007b). CKAN is a registry of open knowledge packages and products, a place to search for resources as well as registering them.983 CKAN did not replace local technologies, and recommended “side by side” integration with existing public data platforms.984 In September 2009, the Cabinet Office announced an early preview of data.gov.uk, inviting the developer community to give feedback on 1000 existing data sets from 7 departments (Taylor 2009). The backend repository for data.gov.uk was CKAN technology private beta, with the packages promised to show up on the CKAN main web site when it would become public (Pollock 2009). In January 2010, the public beta of data.gov.uk was announced (Data.gov.uk Team 2010). Improvements over the four months included more datasets, plus online browsing of data and tags, a wiki, and a forum (powered by Drupal). The OKF was a subcontractor the primary contractor, initially the National Archives and then the Central Office of Information (CKAN 2011). In May 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron announced a radical plan to open up government data to the public, establishing a Public Service Transparency Board under Minister of the Cabinet Office Francis Maude, and appointing Tom Steinberg as one of the UK's leading experts on data transparency (Cameron 2010). In July 2010, the Cabinet Office promoted populating data.gov.uk, with an article to “Tell us which datasets you want released”.985 In September 2010, the information covered by Crown copyright and database rights was relicensed under a new UK-wide Open Government License. From version 1, this new license was aligned to be compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution license.986 In May 2011, the Cabinet Office appointed Beth Noveck as an advisor on open source policy making, based on her experience in the U.S. She was to complement (i) Tom Steinberg; (ii) Tim Kelsey (seconded from McKinsey to direct national policy on transparency, becoming the full-time Executive Director of Transparency and Open Data in January 2012); and (iii) Martha Lane Fox (an Internet entrepreneur previously appointed in 2009 as the digital inclusion champion towards bringing poorer families online) (Osborne 2011). The OKF worked on data.gov.uk for its first two years. In early 2010, the Open Government Data web site, wiki and mailing list was started by the Open Knowledge Foundation. The initial vision was “mapping out open government data initiatives from around the world”.987 By fall 2010, CKAN internationally included instances from governments and institutions in the UK, Norway, the Netherlands, Helsinki and the International Aid Transparency Initiative; and from communities operating at national, provincial and municipal levels.988 “In early 2012 the UK government took its CKAN work in-house, but they continue to work closely with the CKAN team and make regular code contributions back to CKAN” (CKAN 2013). By the relaunch of data.gov.uk in June 2012, the CKAN web interface was found to be providing a better web interface, and those functions were migrated from the Drupal modules (Acuna 2012). Americans came to open government digital data from a different direction. In 2005, dissatisfaction with multiple corruption scandals in Washington D.C. combined with the rise of social media brought together citizen interested in a more open and accountable government.989 In April 2006, the Sunlight Foundation was founded, with three priorities: “digitizing data, building tools and the sites for easy access to it, and developing communities to support and help carry on its work” (Sunlight Foundation 2010). The name of the group reflects the dissatisfaction with government transparency at that time. Publicity is justly commended as a remedy for social and industrial diseases. Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants; electric light the most efficient policeman (Brandeis 1914, 92).990 This group was instrumental in convening an Open Government Working Group meeting in October 2007, to develop the list of eight principles for open government data (Malamud 2007). These citizen-led activities shaped the guidelines under which development by government managers progressed. The Federal Web Managers Council is an interagency group that collaborates to improve the online delivery of U.S. government information and services, sponsored by the GSA's Office of Citizen Services.991 In June 2008, the implementation guidelines on publishing data were updated in response, and citizen feedback on updates based on the Open Government Data Principles were incorporated (Tauberer 2008). On January 21, 2009 -- the first day in office for a new administration -- the White House issued a Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, outlining three principles: (i) government should be transparent; (ii) government should be participatory; and (iii) government should be collaborative. The president directed the CTO, in coordination with the director of the OMB and administrator of General Services for recommendations for an Open Government Directive within 120 days (Obama 2009).992 Beth Noveck was appointed as Director of the White House Open Government Initiative in January 2009.993 In analysis by citizens, this memorandum listed deadlines for 45 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 1 year and 2 years (Schuman 2009). The energy from the new administration sparked public collaborations. In February 2009, a TransparencyCamp meeting -- an “unconference” inviting government representatives, technologists, developers, NGOs, wonks and activists led by the Sunlight Foundation -- convened in Washington D.C.994 Presentations, notes and audio recordings were shared on a wiki openly on the Internet, with videos following soon after.995 A TransparencyCamp West was convened in August 2009, with a better-organized web site and microblogging.996 This series matured with a March 2010 event in a larger DC venue, and video recordings following.997 TransparencyCamp has become an annual event, with strong support for local communities to host their own.998 In addition to individuals immersed in face-to-face meetings, efforts for understanding the importance of open government data has been targeted to the larger audiences. Joshua Tauberer has described Open Data as “Civic Capital”, reducing costs in the redistribution of government information and strengthening governance through educating citizens and reducing the need for government regulation (Tauberer 2009a). In the business media, Tim O'Reilly projected a “Government 2.0” whereby government becomes “an open platform that allows people inside and outside” to innovate, in the similar way that “Web 2.0” has reshaped business models in old media and software companies (O’Reilly 2009b). Inside the U.S. government, the policy setting has trickled down to work towards changing practices. Beginning November 2009, monthly inter-agency collaborative events have been organized as an Open Government Directive Workshop Series, each hosted by a different agency. Online social media tools visible to the public have been used to coordinate these events, with presentations and notes available for public viewing.999 The White House formally directed executive departments and agencies, on December 8, 2009, to take steps towards the goal of creating a more open government, including (i) publishing government information online; (ii) improving the quality of government information; (iii) creating and institutionalizing a culture of open government; and creating an enabling policy framework for open government (Orszag 2009). Evaluation of the U.S. government activities towards a more open government have generally been favourable. A review of the Open Government Directive of December 8, 2009 found that it addressed “early all of the open government data principles that have been put forward, and even [added] two of its own: being pro-active about data release and creating accountability by designating an official responsible for data quality” (Tauberer 2009b). In an April 2010 audit of Open Government Plans, findings scored 6 agencies as “strong”, 16 as in the “middle ground”, and 5 with “weak plans” (OpenTheGovernment.org 2010). On a multi-year time horizon, progress was being made, and the public visibility of activities towards open government through periodic reviews would help to maintain momentum. At the international level, the Open Government Partnership “is a multilateral initiative that aims to secure concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance”.1000 The partnership launched on September 20, 2011, with eight founding governments (Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Norway, the Philippines, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) endorsing the Open Government Declaration.1001 To be accepted, “OGP participating countries will co-create a National Action Plan (NAP) with civil society. Action plans should cover a two-year period and consist of a set of commitments that advance transparency, accountability, participation and/or technological innovation”. By 2013, 57 additional governments had joined the Partnership.1002 The uptake of open government data as an idea rose circa 2007-2009, in a variety of jurisdictions.1003 Citizen engagement, as distinct from official government pronouncements, sometimes more difficult to discern. As an example, the Canadian government espoused joining the Open Government Partnership in April 2012 (Lithwick and Thibodeau 2012). Within Canada, democracy advocates criticized the Conservative government in failing to meet the requirements of a National Action Plan.1004 In April 2014, a Progress Report on Canada for 2012-2013 was issued (Francoli 2014a). While the government of Canada had a highlight in adopting an Open Government License, the report criticized a lack of ambition in driving an open agenda. 1005 This could be interpreted as accepting the licensing of open source, while skirting the adopting of behaviours associated with open sourcing. This led to the federal government conducting consultations for a second Action Plan on Open Government, and recognizing multi-jurisdictionality (Francoli 2014b). At the municipal level in Canada, citizen activity was better welcomed by local governments. ChangeCamp was initiated in January 2009 in Toronto, and has spread to other Canadian cities.1006 In April 2009, the mayor of the City of Toronto announced the OpenTO initiative, with an official launch in November 2009.1007 In May 2009, the City of Vancouver council endorsed principles of open data, standards and source, with an official launch in September 2009.1008 In the UK in 2012, Tom Steinberg resigned after 5 years of advisory roles in Westminister, frustrated “partly due to the dull tribalism”. He publicly posted policy papers written for both Tory and Labour politicians and analysts, expressing regret at the way his name was being used (Steinberg 2012). The progress in government on open sourcing licensing, around the world, can be evaluated as great. The progress in government on open sourcing, as a behaviour, is highly variable. B.5.4 From 2005, open source hardware rose with the maker movement While open sourcing originated with non-material artifacts, the impact on the material world of physical objects was beginning to gain traction by 2007. Physicality can create issues in a mix of property domains: hardware designs can fall under patent law; software code can fall under copyright law; and symbols, words and phrases identifying a source of goods or services can fall under trademark (or service mark) law. The traditional pure private sourcing style would see enforcement of (i) patents on a hardware design; (ii) copyrights on software code; and (iii) trademarks on distribution.1009 Open sourcing while private sourcing may change those positions, to (i) pledging non-assertion of patent rights on hardware designs and (ii) publishing open source licenses on software code, while (iii) operating commercially and pursuing infringements of trademarks on packaging and delivery of products, and/or service marks on the identification of the offering. Two domains where open sourcing while private sourcing received notoriety have been in (i) the maker movement, centered particularly around the popularization of the Arduino ecosystem, and (ii) fashion apparel, where intellectual property protection has been relatively uncommon. A label of maker resonates with many who exhibit behaviours of democratizing innovation (von Hippel 2005).1010 These ideas contrast to the role-partitioned thinking where (i) users provide needs; and (ii) manufacturers develop product and services (in the style this book calls private sourcing). In user-centered innovation, individuals are involved in customizing and/or extending functions, attributes or features of products and services. The involvement can occur either independently of the manufacturer, or in cooperation.1011 Beyond open sourcing software, the development of physical products in kitesurfing by an MIT student (Saul Griffith at Zero Prestige) in 2001 became an early foundational case study for von Hippel. In 2005, Eric Wilhelm would partner with Saul Griffith to cofound Squid Labs (an engineering design firm), and then spin off four companies, including Instructables. Instructables has become “the world's biggest show and tell” on offering free step-by-step instructions on how to make things (McCluskey 2008). The rise of the maker movement coincides with Dale Dougherty coining the term.1012 Dougherty proposed Make magazine – pitched as “Martha Stewart for geeks” – and launched the first issue in January 2005 as not only a web site, but also a physical publication with few advertisers at a $15 cover price (McCracken 2015). The term “maker” was a vague way of describing the target audience of individuals with a sense of curiosity, adventure and intellectual engagement in learning-by-doing. In April 2006, the first Maker Faire at the San Mateo County Event Center attracted 100 exhibiting makers. In 2006, the second Maker Faire was held in May in San Mateo, and in October in 2007.1013 In 2010, two new Maker Faires were started in Detroit and New York City (Hague 2014). By 2014, Maker Faires reached 100 events globally, with 530,000 attendees (Maker Faire 2014). The White House would host a mini Maker Faire on June 18, 2014. In winter 2005, the low-cost Arduino microcontroller board was introduced as a tool for students of Massimo Banzi at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) (Kushner 2011). A microcontroller board, when combined with a programming language, enables novices to to create interactive devices and robots with motors, sensors, lights and sounds. Prior to 2002, the most popular platform had been the Stamp, manufactured by Parallel Inc. The Stamp was programmable with a dialect of BASIC on Windows-based personal computers. The IDII students were challenged to design interactive prototypes, with about 30 days to learn electronics. The Stamp had obstacles including a $100 hardware cost, an underpowered processor for the projects they proposed, and the lack of programming tools on the Mac computers they preferred.1014 One student, Hernando Barragán, wrote a new prototyping platform in 2003 called Wiring, including both a user-friend Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and a ready-to-use circuit board.1015 To complement that software, a core product team of five targeted a $30 budget.1016 The first implementation saw 300 blank printed circuit boards given to IDII students, with a directive to look up assembly instructions online.1017 By 2005, the first simple prototype board was created, eventually given the Arduino name by Banzi. The Arduino project was apprehensive of the IDII running out of operating funds, and decided to ensure that the assets would remain as accessible as possible. The design of the board, as CAD (computer aided design) files, was licensed under Creative Commons. Components could be added onto the basic board, and lots of input and output pins were provided.1018 The Arduino brand was trademarked, enabling alternative implementations to be developed commercially, while retaining a distinct identity. The original Arduino Uno became eventually complemented by the more powerful Mega board, the smaller Nano board, the waterproof LilyPad, and a net-enabled Arduino Ethernet. While Arduino counterfeits (i.e. illegally copies of the trademark) exist, Arduino-compatible clones can follow the specifications with a wide variety of features and costs.1019 Arduino LLC was founded in the United States, with Massimon Banzi as CEO. Production of officially trademarked Arduino board continued with Smart Projects SRL in Italy, under Gianluca Martino. In 2013, Intel introduced the Galileo, an Arduino-certified development board based on the Intel x86 architecture. By 2014, there were an estimated 1.2 million official Arduino boards in use, and possibly an equal number of Chinese counterfeit copies claiming “Made in Italy” (Orsini 2014). By March 2015, there was a split of the five original cofounders, with Smart Projects SRL ceasing royalties payments and a new CEO Frederico Musto renaming the company Arduino SRL (Banzi 2015). The trademark for Arduino in Italy was granted in 2010, and funding for manufacturing had been personally assumed by Gianluca Martino and Daniela Antonietti at Smart Projects, with much competition from counterfeits (Williams 2015). Courts in the United States, Switzerland and Italy have sided with Smart Projects (now Arduino SRL) on their use of trademarks. In May 2015, Arduino LLC announced that Arduino-branded boards would be manufactured outside of Italy, by Adafruit in the United States (Senese 2015). Further, in June 2015, Arduino LLC launched the Genuino brand to be manufactured by a longtime partner, Seeed Studio in Shenzhen, for distribution in China (Dougherty 2015). By 2008, the maker movement had become validated as a “big idea” that had gained recognition over the past three years.1020 Not only were Make and Craft magazines successful, but online sites such as Instructables and Etsy were receiving notice in the business press (O’Reilly 2008). The definition of “open source hardware” or “open hardware” has continued to be a challenge. By 2008, the practice of designing, sharing, distributing and modifying hardware designs over the Internet by makers was common. Sharing blueprints and sketches to make furniture and machinery predates the open source movement by centuries. The difference in open sourcing hardware was articulated by Eric von Hippel: Most products are designed in software first. So you’re designing and simulating on the computer, and in the last step you turn it into hardware. If you think of open-source software as an information good, then open-source hardware is also an information good until the very last stage (Greene 2008). Practically, debates on the definition center around whether the CAD (Computer-Assisted Design) files are or are not available under a Creative Commons license. For microcontroller boards, Arduino set the pace with CAD files licensed under Creative Commons, software licensed as open source, and identity protected by trademarking. Single-board computers have not been so cleanly defined.1021 From 2008, the BeagleBoard community has been following the spirit of open sourcing. The BeagleBoard was introduced as “low-cost, fan-less single-board computer based on Texas Instruments' OMAP35x device family, with all of the expandability of today's desktop machines, but without the bulk, expense, or noise”.1022 Texas Instruments was encouraging “open source as a means to drive innovation, ultimately enabling our customers to create market-leading devices”.1023 The company funded a “small dreams” project to fabricate a prototype printed circuit board and host a web site, on the requests of employees Jason Kridner and Gerald Coley who were volunteering their time.1024 An evaluation board was backed by Digi-Key Electronics, and manufactured under contract by CircuitCo.1025 The goal was not to make the Beagleboard a consumer product, but enable makers to experiment with building an embedded system that might be later be put into production by a manufacturer that Texas Instruments supplies.1026 Reference manuals and hardware documentation were provided first on the beagleboard.org web site under a Creative Commons license, and then on Github.1027 In the five years up to 2013, four generations of BeagleBoards were released (Erives 2013). For a while there would be two major initiatives that would take different stances on open sourcing and hardware: the Open Source Hardware Association at oshwa.org; and the Open Hardware project at openhardware.org, led by Bruce Perens. The Open Source Hardware Association originated in early 2010 with a Creative Commons fellow trying to turn a project of open source hardware modules into a company.1028 Sharing the questions, they convened an “Opening Hardware” workshop in New York City in March 2010. The timing coincided with a major Arduino meeting in New York City, bringing together many stakeholders.1029 The norms of practices in open source hardware were discussed, leading to eventual publishing of the Open Source Hardware (OSHW) Definition 0.1. Iteration on the OSHW Definition continued through the first Open Hardware Summit in September 2010. The OSHW Definition 1.0 was released in February 2011. Open-source hardware means sharing the files needed to build and modify your hardware. As the open-source hardware definition explains, that means the version of the files that you would prefer for making changes to the design, not an intermediate or obfuscated version. For mechanical stuff, this means the original CAD files. For circuit boards, it’s the original schematic and board layout files (Mellis 2012). In April 2011, a community mark selected as the symbol of abidance by the OSHW Definition. The gear logo unfortunately led to trademark infringement suit by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) in August 2012, who were concerned about confusion amongst consumers (A. Shah 2012). In April 2013, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office rejected an application for the trademark of “Open Source Hardware” as it was “merely descriptive” and not distinctive (R. Wilson 2013). In September 2015, the OSHWA reiterated its pursuit of a certification program, despite issues in licensing (Weinberg 2015). In September 2007, Bruce Perens reactivated the openhardware.org web site.1030 In 1998, the original vision was for an “Open Hardware Certification Program” as a self-certification by hardware manufacturers.1031 While there was little interest in self-certification in the early 2000s, the emergence of several projects and companies (including Arduino, Adafruit and Sparkfun) using the label of “open source” led Perens to host a placeholder page until July 2011, when a wiki for an Open Hardware Catalog was put into place.1032 Two issues of Open Source Journal were published, in November 2011, and then in February 2012. In the process of encourage open hardware, Perens found that his activities may have have actually worsened the freedoms1033 that he was promoting: Open Hardware [is] backwards in a way. [….] Patents apply to hardware designs, but most Open Hardware designers never pursue a patent on their designs. What then do they license to others? It turns out that we have a group of people at CERN, and one of my favorite lawyers and Yahoo, and even me, trying to add restrictions to something that is, for the most part, already in the public domain. And it came to me that this was backwards, and that we could be working against our own interest that way. [….] The problem is that when we start licensing things that are actually in the public domain, we create norms that the courts take seriously. And they start enforcing licenses on things that could not be licensed before. We really can write new law when what we do gets to a court case, and we want to be careful what law that is. If we were responsible for taking hardware designs from public domain to copyrighted status, we'd be shooting ourselves in the foot. So, for a while I was uncomfortable with my own Open Hardware evangelism. Was I doing the right thing? I think I've worked out the right path now and will be warning the community about this issue. […] We also have a bunch of people who use “CC BY-NC” licenses on their designs and then call it Open Source Hardware! Funny how eager they are to call it “Open Source” and then they don't even follow the rules of Open Source. Open Source includes the right to use in any way. If it's “no commercial use allowed” like CC BY-NC, it's not Open Source (Perens 2014). By February 2014, the openhardware.org wiki had been removed and replaced by a placeholder web page. In 2015, Bruce Perens reiterated his legal interpretation that open source licenses work for software copyrights, but hardware designers should not expect protections unless the work has been patented. Open Hardware licenses don’t work. So go ahead and make Open Hardware, but be aware of the fact that it’s essentially public-domain. Making the licenses work would be worse, because we’d also lose the right to implement designs we read about, etc. So, keep in mind that no matter what license you put on a schematic, copyright does not protect it and anyone can manufacture it with impunity unless you have a patent (Perens 2015). For a party that owns an entire copyright for software, Perens advised that he continues to be “a big fan of dual-licensing, using one of the more restrictive Free Software licenses like the Affero GPL 3 and a commercial-license for those who would rather pay than be open”. In January 2005, researchers in the fashion industry conducted a conference at the Lear Center at USC called “Ready to Share”. It inquired into whether technological developments – digitalization, cheap and easy replicability (as demonstrated with the Creative Commons) represented a compelling model for creative industries to follow. While open sourcing in software and hardware was seen as enabling some forms of “crowdsourcing”, the fashion industry embraces sampling, appropriation and borrowed inspiration. The scope of works of applied art eligible for copyright are described as rather limited. Works of art (e.g. music, sculpture) can be defined as property, and protected by copyright. Useful articles (e.g. perfume, culinary creations) are free to copy as utilitarian, and not protected under intellectual property law. Figure B.1 reveals a secondary dimension of tangibility: idea and/or digital manifestations versus physical fixed expressions. Fashion design is utilitarian, like open source code, but is expressed in a fixed physical form. Figure B.1 Fashion design produces apparel as "useful articles" in physical fixed expressions (from Blakley 2010a) The open, participatory culture on the Internet and in digital media has been theorized by Claude Levi-Strauss description of a “recombinant creative process as bricolage, a concept that refers to the constant mixing and morphing of incongruous 'found' elements into a new synthesis” (Bollier and Racine 2006). Fashion is seen as having a distinctive “ecology of creativity”, constantly expressing shifting cultural moods, social demographics and personal identities. The ecology of creativity in fashion features an open design commons, limited copyright protection, a focus on marketing and branding, and competitive markets that reward innovation and speed. Intellectual property rights are not unimportant in this regime, to be sure, but neither do they obstruct new sorts of creativity and competition. Businesses still enjoy proprietary advantages -- their brand name and reputation -- but no one is allowed to privatize and lock up design itself. Fashion recognizes that pleasing a diverse, constantly changing consumer base in a timely way is the key to a profitable bottom line, and that staying one step ahead of fickle style trends that last months, not years, is imperative to success (Bollier and Racine 2006, 11). Originality in fashion is built around “an ethic of homage, the respectful referencing and imitation of other people's creativity”, with talent framed in recognized lineage of tradition. Separating “imitation” from “originality” is a challenge for copyright law. If a “derivative” rendition attracts an independent following, the value of “originality” diminishes. While counterfeits – “that falsely bears the label of another designer even though no license has been paid” are legally prosecuted, knockoffs “that may be almost identical to a brand-name dress, but it does not purport to be anything but what it is” have been embraced with cheaper production technologies, faster logistics and shorter fashion cycles. Elite designers can charge a premium of perceived superiority and “originality”, while imitators cater to mid-market and lower-tier consumers who are not customers of elite brands. While fashion may borrow from art and vintage styles, its interdependence with culture has led to street fashion from urban hip-hop pioneers. The culture of appropriating, modifying and sharing materials over the Internet is seen to resemble that of fashion: both innovators and imitators draw on the building blocks of the past through bricolage. Copyright has not generally been granted to apparel, because articles of clothing are considered “useful articles” rather than works of art. Design patents may be granted for ornamental designs, but clothing rarely meets the criteria of novelty and nonobviousness. Fashion … challenges the idea often reflexively accepted by policymakers and courts that "more rights" automatically ensure "more creativity" and less rights will choke it. In the fashion industry, the absence of rights actually may feed the creative process. Fashion designers are free to borrow, imitate, revive, recombine, transform and share design elements without paying royalties or worrying about infringing intellectual property rights. Of course, fashion designers are not the only creators who draw on previous works in order to create (Cox and Jenkins 2006, 17). The dominant business model in fashion is a counterexample that challenges other creative industries that rely on preventing unauthorized or unpaid uses of content. The music industry has been strong on enforcing intellectual property law that is supposed to encourage innovation, prevent theft and reward artists. However, it's possible that an innovative musician could be delayed from sharing his work, and forced to make it more derivative and less original. In the fashion industry, sampling, derivation and reappropriation all are accepted and common forms of creative innovation. Indeed, the creative process today is almost wholly reliant on forms of reuse and has deftly avoided the kind of fracas the music industry faces over intellectual property protections. However, there still are powerful institutions that help navigate the murky waters that separate legitimate influence from theft. Without the "thick" copyright protection afforded to the music industry, fashion depends more heavily on social regulation and a primitive but highly functional watchdog – shame (Sinnreich and Gluck 2006, 6). In the music industry, the high cost of doing business and low success rates has made an industry with concentrated ownership structures and vertically integrated business organizations risk-averse. The fashion industry has resisted corporate consolidation on the same scale. The elevation of fashion design to an art form is partially based on the lack of qualification for copyright protection (Blakley 2010b). Whereas music, film, photography, writing, sculpting and graphic design can be copyrighted as art, fashion design can incorporate elements of peers' creative works to enable greater creative possibilities and accelerate innovation. The Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Prevention Act was introduced into the U.S. Congress in August 2010, and died when not enacted.1034 This bill proposed to extend copyright protection to fashion designs for three years. Previous bills had been introduced with the support of the Council of Fashion Designers of America and the 2010 bill had the additional support of the larger American Apparel and Footware Association.1035 The bill was criticized as hurting the fashion industry more than helping it. Historically, fashion designers have been denied copyright protection because the courts decided long ago that utilitarian articles should not be protected by copyright. Otherwise, a handful of designers would own the seminal building blocks of our clothing. Every time a new blouse would be made, licensing fees would need to be paid to the supposed originator of that particular sleeve or collar. Although this bill tries to get around that problem by making the overall design, not elements of the design, protectable, once any design is owned by someone, it has a chilling effect on other designers who intend to tap into the same trend. Supporters of the bill say the copyright period for fashion designs would only be three years…but three years is an eternity in the fast-changing world of global fashion. Now that this final version of the bill has eliminated a searchable registry of protected designs, I’m not sure how designers will be able to figure out what they are not allowed to make. And according to law professors Kal Raustiala and Chris Sprigman, manufacturers and retailers could also be held liable for any copies they sold (Blakley 2010b). The Japanese Design Law covers apparel, but only if no identical or similar design can have existed before. In the EU Community Design System, apparel with a less stringent novelty standard, but it's too easy to make a small change to a registered design and claim it as new. In Canada, works of artistic craftsmanship are limited to finished useful articles only if fewer than fifty copies are made (Daogoo 2012). The Innovative Design Protection Act of 2012 passed out of the Senate Judiciary Committee, but not enacted, and was yet to be introduced in the 113th Congress.1036 The fashion industry could be portrayed as an industry where open sourcing as a behaviour has been an accepted way of doing business for decades. Legislation towards enacting intellectual property protection could see private sourcing introduced as a legality. The enforceability of copyright on apparel would probably lead to precedent-setting cases ending up in court for many years. In August 2013, full open-sourcing in microprocessors would see the OpenPower Consortium founded by IBM, Google, Nvidia, Tyan and Mellanox (King 2013). In comparison to Power.org founded in 2004, the consortium would have “full access not only to IBM CPUs, but also to the entire gamut of Power-related hardware and software IP. Additionally, Consortium members [are] free to choose who they like, including IBM, to manufacture the customized Power chips they develop”.1037 These evolving contexts in computer hardware and fashion design illustrate that open sourcing is practical outside of the domain of software. Legal contexts, varying by jurisdiction, can be intricate and discouraging to those who don't read law. The opportunity to accelerate innovation through open sourcing has been recognized, however. Enterprises and individuals who are diligent may find their business contexts less constrained than their thinking. B.5.5 By 2006, research on (commons-based) peer production crossed over from academia to popularity The rise of the Internet as an everyday phenomenon was evident by 2006. Amongst G7 countries, the percentage of individuals using the Internet had risen in 1998 from a range of 30% to 4%, to 2006 range of 72% to 38%.1038 In the leading countries, Finland and Korea, use of the Internet has surpassed 65% of individuals by 2003, reaching almost 80% by 2006. The general trend towards adoption of the Internet is shown in Figure B.2. Figure B.2 Percentage of individuals using the Internet (ITU) Increased use of the Internet enabled the rise of open sourcing, not only with infrastructural projects such as the Apache server and Linux operating systems, but also participatory communities such as Wikipedia. The phenomenon was popularized as peer production in 2006, with the books by Donald Tapscott and Yochai Benkler. The ideas of open sourcing and peer production were preceded by leading thinkers seeing a digital information revolution ahead, for some decades. From 1985, the WELL (Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link) was one of the original online communities. Participation on persistent discussions changed the way the people could communicate at a distance. The value and distinctions between data, information and knowledge began to become apparent. Information wants to be free because it has become so cheap to distribute, copy, and recombine -- too cheap to meter. It wants to be expensive because it can be immeasurably valuable to the recipient. That tension will not go away (Brand 1989, 202). TCP/IP -- the protocol standards for the Internet -- would be declared as the standard for all military computer networking in 1982. The first Interop conference in 1985 started the focus on broader adoption of TCP/IP. The proposal for use of hypertext in the World Wide Web was introduced by Tim Berners Lee in 1989. IBM would promote a campaign on e-business in 1996. In 1996, the publication of Co-opetition introduced a game theoretic view of business, where strategies of cooperation could be recognized “as big a factor in business success as competition” (Brandenburger and Nalebuff 1996, 264). Co-opetition sees that “there are both win-win and win-lose elements in relationships” with customers, suppliers, complementers and competitors. A framework of Players, Added Values, Rules and Tactics was proposed as ways to link to a bigger game. In the cases presented, defeating a competitor sometimes seen as the best strategy, but in other times the best strategy had multiple winners. Also in 1996, The Death of Competition extended Gregory Bateson's ideas on coevolution to describe business ecosystems (Moore 1996, 9–21). Beyond a core business is (i) an extended enterprise including direct customers; customer of the customers; suppliers of the suppliers; standards bodies; and suppliers of complementary products and services; and (ii) the broader stakeholders in investors and owners, trade associations and labor unions; government agencies, other regulatory organizations; and competing organizations.1039 The premises of the ecosystem strategy include: (i) the collapse of traditional industries change the way of competing from molding new products to molding new ecosystems; (ii) the new communities exist to bring innovations – as entirely new outcomes – to customers; (iii) the scope of what is contained in the ecosystem – from comprehensive to narrow – is a central strategic decision; and (iv) competitive advantage comes from knowing when and how to build ecosystems. Development of the ecosystem was seen in four stages: (i) pioneering; (ii) expansion, (iii) authority; and (iv) renewal. The automobile industry, with American manufacturers challenged by a rising alternative ecosystem from Japan in the 1970s, was seen as orienting towards new open ecosystems.1040 In 1999, Information Rules took the view that “The Information Economy” did not need a new set of principles to guide business strategy and public policy, but instead required a deeper reading of “the literature on differential pricing bundling, signaling, licensing, lock-in [and] network economics” (Shapiro and Varian 1999, x). With the cost of producing information high and cost of reproducing information cheap, pricing could be personalized to the individual, or based on group identity through third-degree price discrimination. Versioning could be a strategy to offer information products across a variety of market segments, either by tailoring to different customers, or designing to accentuate needs of different customer so that they self-select the one most aligned with the value they expect to receive. Rights management of content could be published with digital technology taking advantage of (i) lower distribution costs to give away free samples while charging for the convenience in repeat view, selling similar but not identical products; or selling complements; or (ii) lower distribution costs to maximize the value of intellectual property, rather than just protecting it for the sake of protection. Recognizing lock-in enables (i) buyers to bargain hard during initial negotiations, emphasizing their influence as a customer, and (ii) sellers utilizing key principles of investing in an installed customer base, entrenching so that customers become more committed over time, and leveraging the value by selling complementary products and access to these customers to other suppliers. The economies of networks in the information economy has displaced economies of scale in the industrial economy, leading to positive feedback with a trade-off of openness versus control. Cooperation and compatibility in network markets can see the game change through open standards, as alliances are assembled in formal bodies. These changes would have an impact on information policy both in companies, and the government authorities that regulate them. In 2003, Open Innovation was presented as a shift from the paradigm of closed innovation saying that “successful innovation requires control” to a new approach “that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as firms look to advance their technology” (Chesbrough 2003, xx–xxiv). The achievements and limits of closed innovation at Xerox PARC (1970 to 1986) and IBM (1945 to 1980) were compared to open innovation with IBM (after 1993 with Lou Gerstner and the rise of the Internet), Intel Capital (investing in its close suppliers), and Lucent Ventures Group (commercializing prior Bell Labs technologies beyond the needs of the core Lucent business). The Open Innovation paradigm leads to a business model where the firm should become both an active buyer and seller of intellectual property.1041 In 2004, The Success of Open Source analyzed the rise of this particular kind of software as an experiment around a distinctive notion of property: Open source is an experiment in building a political economy -- that is a system of sustainable value creation and a set of governance mechanisms. In this case, it is a governance system that holds together a community of producers around this counterintuitive notion of property rights as distribution. It is also a political economy that taps into a broad range of human motivations and relies on a creative and evolving set of organizational structures to coordinate behaviour. What would a broader version of this political economy look like? (Weber 2004, 1) The writing first traces the history of open source through Unix and the origins of the Internet, through proliferating standards, and the founding of the Free Software Foundation. The invention by Linus Torvalds and the rise of Linux is described with two ideal types for the division of labour: the hierarchy, described by Harlin Mills as breaking up separate teams to manage discrete pieces, and Frederick Brooks in a conceptual integrity, with a master plan, separating architecture and implementation;1042 and (ii) the open source process where the key element is “voluntary participation and voluntary selection of tasks”.1043 Open source matured as a model of production following a crisis in incompatible Unix forks; the evolution of Linux 1991-1994; the transformation of NCSA Mosaic in 1994 to the Apache server in 1995, and the IBM's role in the founding of the Apache Group in 1998; and Red Hat and VA Linux IPOs in 1999. The microfoundations of open source was explained in four ways: (i) individual motivations; (ii) economic logic of the collective good; (iii) coordination, and its sustainment; and (iv) complexity managed with technology and governance institutions. The macro-organization of open source was explained with (i) the coordination of contributions of specialized knowledge on a focal point with neither authoritative command nor a price mechanism, i.e. through individual incentives, cultural norms and leadership practices; and (ii) complexity managed through technical design, sanctioning, license as social structure and formal governance structures. Business models with open source through 2000 were seen as experiments,1044 and legal structures were still wrangling with copyright law, the GPL and the DMCA. With the case studies mostly ending by 2000,1045 the open source process was hypothesized to have implications on (i) rethinking property oriented more towards stewardship or guardianship rather than exclusion; (ii) organizing for distributed innovation, rather than just division of labour; (iii) the commons in economic and social life, with the potential for a deadweight loss from a “tragedy of the anticommons”; (iv) development in international economic geography potentially leading to even more drastic inequality; (v) power shifts with changes in relational power; and (vi) how hierarchically structured organizations will manage relationships with networks. In 2005, The World is Flat popularized the association between globalization and the rise of the Internet (Friedman 2005). The idea of a level playing field was described in terms of ten flatteners. Open sourcing, as a behaviour, was threaded through at least five of the flatteners -- e.g. (ii) Netscape, (iii) workflow software, (iv) uploading, (ix) informing, and (x) “the steroids” of digital, mobile, personal and virtual -- with the phenomenon embedded in the larger context of world changes in society and political economy.1046 As one of the best-selling books amongst business readers in the decade, The World is Flat represents a milestone in bringing the average household into a recognition about how much the world had changed over the prior decade. By 2o06, true insight into the open sourcing phenomenon was accumulated into two works: the more academic The Wealth of Networks, speaking to shapers of policy, and the popularized book Wikinomics targeted for a broad audience. Both of these publications represent accumulation of the changes associated with open sourcing as a phenomenon, by respected researchers. Insights into history, and potential changes in practices and institutions were described. The 2006 book The Wealth of Networks is subtitled How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. The title can be wryly be compared to the The Wealth of Nations published by Adam Smith in 1776. The work was both private sourcing in its parallel release under the author's copyright as a hardcover edition by Yale University Press, and open sourcing in the online version and wiki licensed under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license. Social production and exchange, enabled through (i) economies centered on information production, and (ii) communications interconnected pervasively (i.e. the Internet) was seen as having the promise “to play a much larger role, alongside property- and market-based production” than before (Benkler 2006, 3). With the premise that information production is not as dependent on property rights and markets as the obsession with “intellectual property” might suggest, nine ideal-type information production strategies were described, as in Table B.3. Table B.3 Ideal Type Information Production Strategies, from (Benkler 2006) Minimization / Acquisition Public Domain Intrafirm Barter / Rights-based exclusion (make money by exercising exclusive rights) Romantic Maximizers (authors, composers sell to publishers) Mickey (reuses inventory for derivative works) RCA (companies hold blocking patents, in pools) Nonexclusion - Market (make money from information production, not exercising exclusive rights Scholarly Lawyers (write articles to get clients; bands give music free and charge for performances; software customization, advice, training) Know-how (firms that have cheaper or better production processes due to research, lower cost or higher quality) Learning Networks (share information with similar organizations, e.g. newswires, professional engineering societies) Nonexclusion - Nonmarket Joe Einstein (give away information for free, in return for status, reputation or other motivations) Los Alamos (share in-house information, public goods on government funding) Limited sharing networks (release paper to selected peers for review before publication) IBM is described with “an excellent example of a business strategy based on nonexclusivity”. With the largest number of patents obtained from 1993 to 2004, the revenues from “intellectual property” transfer, licensing and royalties declined from 2000 to 2003, at the same time that “Linux-related services” grew at a higher rate (Benkler 2006, 46–47). Open sourcing while private sourcing is described at “the interface of social production and market-based businesses”: IBM is effectively relying for its inputs on a loosely defined cloud of people who are engaged in productive social relations. It is making the judgment that the probability that a sufficiently good product will emerge out of this cloud is high enough that it can undertake a contractual obligation to its clients, even though no one in the cloud is specifically contractually committed to it to produce the specific inputs the firm needs in the timeframe it needs it. [….] The presence of a formalized enforceable contract, for outputs in which the supplier can claim and transfer a property right, may change the probability of the desired outcome, but not the fact that in entering its own contract with its clients, the company is making a prediction about the required availability of necessary inputs in time. When the company turns instead to the cloud of social production for its inputs, it is making a similar prediction. [….] In the case of companies like IBM or Red Hat, this means, at least partly, paying employees to participate in the open source development projects. But managing this relationship is tricky. The firms must do so without seeking to, or even seeming to seek to, take over the project; for to take over the project in order to steer it more "predictably" toward the firm's needs is to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs (Benkler 2006, 124). This positioning had led to IBM contributing patents (e.g. around Linux) to the Free Software Foundation, or openly licensing with the software development community to extend a patent shield. With its size, IBM has “had to structure their relationship to the peer-production processes that they co-exist with in a helpful and non-threatening way”. This is often meant “support without attempting to assume 'leadership' of the project” (Benkler 2006, 125). With other companies (e.g. Meetup, del.icio.us, Flickr), the emergence of social production has meant “focusing on serving the demand of active users for platforms and tools that are much more loosely designed, late-binding – that is, optimized only at the moment of use and not in advance – variable in their uses, and oriented toward providing users with new, flexible platforms for relationships” (Benkler 2006, 126). Looking forward for development in human development, the nonmarket nonproprietary modalities are expected to change the industrial organization of related information industries in the sectors of (i) software, (ii) scientific publication; (iii) agricultural biotech; and (iv) biomed / health.1047 New commons-based approaches for development require policy-making institutions (e.g. patent offices, international intellectual property organizations) to evolve. These changes are occurring as social ties are effected not just thickening with preexisting relations with friends, family and neighbours, but also in loose relationships in virtual communities.1048 The institutional ecology of information production and exchange in the digital economy includes many regulatory and policy elements across a variety of industries. The basic functions in mediated human communications can be mapped in physical, logical and content layers, as in Table B.4. Table B.4 Overview of the Institutional Ecology (Benkler 2006) Enclosure Openness Physical Transport Broadband (with FCC) DMCA ISP liability Municipal broadband barred by states Open wireless networks Municipal broadband initiatives Physical Devices CBDPTA (regulated “trusted systems”) Operator-controlled mobile phones Fiercely competitive market in commodity components Logical Transmission protocols Privatized DNS/ICANN p2p networks Logical Software DMCA anticircumvention: Proprietary OS; Web browser Software patents P2P software widely used Social acceptability of hacking copy protection Copyright expansion Contractual enclosure Trademark dilution Database protection Linking and trespass to chattels International “harmonization” to maximal exclusive rights regime Increased sharing practices and licensing Musicians distribute freely Creative Commons publishing Social disdain for copyright Jurisdictional arbitrage Developing nations with free information ecology The physical layer refers to material things used to connect human beings to each other. The logical layer includes algorithms, standards and ways of translating from human meaning to machine language and back. The content layer is humanly understandable statements and utterances. The policy debate in each layer challenges whether sufficient institutional space is left for social-economic practices of network information product to emerge (Benkler 2006, 391–396). Enclosure is associated with private sourcing behaviour; openness is associated with open sourcing behaviour. The 2006 book Wikinomics was subtitled How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (Tapscott and Williams 2006). It was written in parallel with a private $4 million research program in 2004-2005, exploring “how new technology and collaborative models change business designs and competitive dynamics”.1049 Wikinomics is described as a “new mode of innovation and value creation … called “peer production” or peering -- which describes what happens when masses of people and firms collaborate openly to drive innovation and growth in their industries”.1050 The principles of Wikinomics included: (i) being open, (where traditional companies were closed to networking, sharing, and encouraging self-organization), particularly with standards; (ii) peering, as with Linux and Wikipedia; (iii) sharing, of intellectual property, computing power, bandwidth, content, and scientific knowledge; and (iv) acting globally, not just thinking globally, but also eliminating geographic redundancies with planetary capabilities. The new mode of production was characterized by Wikipedia and IBM with the Apache Server and then Linux. Tapscott and Williams describe The World is Flat as “otherwise helpful”, but criticize Thomas Friedman as “not seeing the forest for the trees” (Tapscott and Williams 2006, 91). They see public goods (e.g. open source software) and business as compatible, as “without the commons there could be no private enterprise”.1051 At IBM, Joel Crawley sees the shared infrastructure “does not decrease opportunities to create differentiated value, it increases them”. The key benefit of peer production for business are listed as (i) harnessing external talent; (ii) keeping up with users; (iii) boosting demand for complementary offerings; (iv) reducing costs; (v) shifting the locus of competition; (vi) taking the friction out of collaboration; and (vii) developing social capital (Tapscott and Williams 2006, 93–95). For managers, Wikinomics design principles are prescribed: (i) taking cues from your lead users; (ii) building critical mass; (iii) supplying an infrastructure for collaboration; (iv) take your time to get the structures and governance right; (v) make sure all participants can harvest some value; (vi) abide by community norms; (vii) let the process evolve; and (viii) hone your collaborative mind (Tapscott and Williams 2006, 286–289). By 2007, the idea of open sourcing had become a mainstream topic in businesses of all scales. Other publications would deepen the histories of successes in the software industry and postulate parallel possibilities in other domains.1052 Questions would shift from why, to how. B.6 Summary: Open sourcing behaviour maturing over a decade While the focus of this book has been on open sourcing while private sourcing in seven specific cases, the larger trends in the decade 2001-2011 were an inescapable context for IBM. Inside the company, the spirit of “open, collaborative, multidisciplinary, global” came from software development practices that changed the way the business worked as a whole. In a coevolutionary path, the Creative Commons, commons-based peer production, open government data and open source hardware emerged as related ideas that have become part of contemporary society. ← Appendix A Footnotes →	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line97
__label__cc	0.656549	0.343451	Marco Rubio to Attend Republican National Convention and Release his Delegates written by Jeanine Martin May 26, 2016 CNN.com is reporting that Marco Rubio will be attending the Republican convention in Cleveland in July and will release all of his delegates to vote for Donald Trump. “I want to be helpful. I don’t want to be harmful, because I don’t want Hillary Clinton to be president,” Rubio told CNN’s Jake Tapper in an interview. “Look, my policy differences with Donald Trump — I spent 11 months talking about them. So I think they’re well understood,” Rubio said. “That said … I don’t want Hillary Clinton to be president. If there’s something I can do to help that from happening, and it’s helpful to the cause, I’d most certainly be honored to be considered for that.” Although Rubio is not running again for Senate when his term expires this year, he is not ruling a future run for office, perhaps President. “I can tell you I enjoy public service. If there’s an opportunity to serve again in a way that I feel passionate about, I’ll most certainly think I would explore it,” Rubio said. “But I don’t know where I’m going to be in two years. I don’t know what my life will look like then.” Rubio will speak on Trump’s behalf at the convention. He’s come a long way from using the hashtag #NeverTrump to speaking for him at the convention. While I have to wonder if all this means Rubio will be Trump’s choice for Vice President, Rubio insists that is not the case, “He (Trump) won the nomination and he deserves to have a running mate that more fully embraces some of the things he stands for,” More on the story from CNN.com. Marco Rubio to Attend Republican National Convention and Release his Delegates was last modified: May 26th, 2016 by Jeanine Martin Rubio support TrumpRubio to attend convention Jeanine Martin Also known as Lovettsville Lady, I am a Republican activist in the wilds of western Loudoun County.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line101
__label__cc	0.711626	0.288374	LGPLv2.1 ASLv2 The Licences page contains copies of various Teltonika Router licences. General Info # GNU General Public License Notice This product includes software code developed by third parties, including software code subject to the GNU General Public License (“GPL”). TELTONIKA provides mail in service of a machine readable copy of the corresponding GPL source code on CD upon request via email or traditional paper mail. TELTONIKA reserves the right to charge for shipping and media as allowed under the GPL. This offer will be valid for at least 3 years. For more information, please contact us at gpl@teltonika.lt or Saltoniskiu st. 10C, LT-08105 Vilnius, Lithuania. Furthermore, under https://www.teltonika.lt/gpl website, TELTONIKA provides machine readable copies of the GPL source codes used in TELTONIKA products, where these copies are available to download for free. 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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w’. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c’ for details. The hypothetical commands `show w’ and `show c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w’ and `show c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items–whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. 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Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions: Updated on July 8, 2020 RUT240 Administration RUT240 Profiles	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line102
__label__wiki	0.545509	0.545509	4 Reasons People Think The Vampire Diaries’ Nina Dobrev and Ian Somerhalder are Dating By: Jessica Rae \| September 14, 2011 at 2:45 PM EDT If you’re a fan of The Vampire Diaries on The CW, chances are you’ve taken a shine to both Nina Dobrev (who plays Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce) and Ian Somerhalder (who plays Damon Salvatore.) In fact, the entire cast is pretty well beloved. But when it comes to Dobrev and Somerhalder, people like to say they’re dating. And we’re going to dissect the reasons why. Nina Dobrev and Ian Somerhalder Dating? Paul Wesley is Married: One of the simplest reason that people pair Nina with Ian is that Paul is already taken. And it’s very common to want (or assume) that tv stars working together will start dating. Quotes: The duo are flirty on Twitter to each other (and have you seen their TwitPics together?) But Nina denied a relationship with Ian to Teen Vogue recently, “We expected the rumors,” she said. “Like, if I wasn’t dating Ian, I’d be dating Paul.” She went on to say, “A lot of people who work together end up dating, so it wouldn’t be unusual, but I’ve never dated anyone I’ve worked with.” But a star denying they were dating someone else isn’t unusual. So people still don’t consider this an official statement. Exposure: Sometimes the pair is caught together, but is it a coming out experience, or are they just costars and friends that were walking together when the camera caught them? Ian Somerhalder kissed Nina Dobrev at LAX in August 2010 (as seen above) but that could have been entirely friendly and innocent. Still, every picture that could imply something gets used for the argument that they’re dating. Wish Fulfillment: People want it to be true. The characters of Elena and Damon on the show have a love/hate relationship that fans love. (Oooh, the unresolved sexual tension is thick in the air of Mystic Falls!) And whether it is true on the screen or not, people simply want to see a reflection of it in real life. At this time no official statement to say that these two are dating has ever been issued. Thanks for reading Small Screen Scoop, the tv blog that loves TVD. Tagged: Ian Somerhalder, Nina Dobrev, nina dobrev ian somerhalder dating, The Vampire Diaries	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line105
__label__cc	0.653527	0.346473	Christmas Page-Turner November 27, 2017 April 16, 2018 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Voice-Blog.mp3 I am happy to announce the publication of a book that has been on my shelf for the past two years. Rage & Revenge is a terrifying, up-close and personal look at what war and its aftermath are really like. For too long, the true nature of combat and the “peace” that follows has been concealed from the general public. Most who have never witnessed war naively assume that there are rules and laws governing such contests. As the reader of Rage & Revenge will quickly discover, nothing could be further from the truth. The fact is, all war is wild, chaotic, brutal, and primitive. War is also the refuge where some of the most sick and sadistic among us may live out their darkest fantasies. In a fast-paced, no-nonsense writing style, Rage & Revenge offers the reader a riveting glimpse at the true face of war in all its ugly reality . . . . and in all its ugly fascination. In time for Christmas, this book will make a great stocking stuffer for those politically-incorrect history lovers in your life. Ask about the special discount for five copies or more! from the book. . . . “What kind of war do civilians suppose we fought anyway? We shot prisoners, wiped out hospitals, strafed lifeboats, killed or mistreated enemy civilians, finished off the enemy wounded, tossed the dying into a hole with the dead, and in the Pacific we boiled flesh off enemy skulls to make table ornaments for sweethearts, or carved their bones into letter openers. . . . [We] mutilated the bodies of enemy dead, cutting off their ears and kicking out their gold teeth for souvenirs, and buried them with their testicles in their mouths. . . . ” ——– Edgar Jones, WWII vet of Europe and the Pacific Perfect for Christmas! Visit Amazon.com, or from the author, at mtgoodrich@aol.com $20 (US) $25 (abroad) Pay thru Pay pal: mtgoodrich@aol.com or purchase on amazon.com “Dead, random white dudes” August 2, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich The government of Scotland has paid to produce a music video in which a black — who obviously has no place in Scotland — rants about his alienation, punches at portraits of great Scotsmen (who, it goes without saying, are all white), and celebrates the replacement of Scots by non-whites. I have a better solution to the alienation of non-whites in our societies: repatriation. If we keep them here, they will destroy us. Please copy and spread this video widely. Its creators already sense they have gone too far. Soon they will try to bury it entirely, lest Scotsmen return their hate in kind. — Greg Johnson, Counter Currents Dennis Fetcho & Me July 30, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich Michael “Tom” Goodrich – 7.29.17 Ken O’Keefe June 30, 2017 June 30, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich US Troops Told to Mutiny — ‘Don’t fight for ISIS!’ (Video, 5-mins) Truth Volunteers Needed! http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/blog-pitch-2.mp3 Island Update June 7, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/rec_340s.mp3 April 8, 2017 April 12, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/rec_390s-1.mp3 April 7, 2017 April 8, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/trump-1.mp3 Fish Art http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fish-art.mp3 The Boss Man January 27, 2017 January 28, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/best-V-Blog.mp3 “V” Also Stands For Vengeance November 11, 2016 January 25, 2017 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/V-for-Vengeance.mp3 Voting For Survival November 6, 2016 November 11, 2016 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Vote.mp3 Jewish Media: Lose/Lose November 3, 2016 November 6, 2016 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Jewish-media.mp3 The Clinton Crime Cartel http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/V-Blog-Oct.-2.mp3 A Trumpless Trump Rally October 19, 2016 \| Thomas Goodrich http://thomasgoodrich.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Trump-Rally-1.mp3	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line106
__label__cc	0.592492	0.407508	Published on January 11, 2016 / ucnwp-admin Justin Welby to Lead Summit to Tackle Anglican Break Up The Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby (Photo: GETTY IMAGES) The Archbishop of Canterbury is facing the prospect of a split over issues such as homosexuality The Archbishop of Canterbury is facing the prospect of a decisive split in the worldwide Anglican church over issues such as homosexuality at what is being billed as make-or-break summit of leading clerics next week. The Most Rev Justin Welby has invited archbishops and bishops from around to what is intended to be a week-long primates’ meeting in Canterbury to discuss a plan he hopes will avert a permanent schism between liberals and conservatives branches of the 80 million-strong church. But there are fears the event could break up amid angry recriminations within days, with the leaders of the church in Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria and other countries walking out. That could herald the beginning of a permanent estrangement between different wings of the worldwide and marking the effective end of the Anglican Communion in its current form. Global Anglicanism has been in turmoil for the last 12 years when the US branch ordained its first openly-gay bishop, Gene Robinson. That led to traditionalist provinces, especially in the southern hemisphere, breaking ties with more liberal branches and the creation of a separate American church. Archbishop Welby wants to recast the Anglican Communion as a loose confederation, with individual national churches formally linked only to Canterbury – rather than directly each other – to enable them to disagree over issues such as gay bishops without severing all ties. He wants the leaders to hold face-to-face discussions with mediators and experts in “reconciliation” in the hope that they will find a way forward. Posted in Anglicans, Christian, Church, NewsTagged Anglican church, Anglican Communion, Archbishop of Canterbury, homosexuality, Justin Welby “The Real O’Neals” Actress Says Show About Gay Catholic Teen Doesn’t Make Fun of Religion Why Wheaton’s Move to Fire ‘Same God’ Professor Makes Sense	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line107
__label__wiki	0.83139	0.83139	Guy Ritchie's Rich Guys Aren't Enough to Evoke a Hat Tip for 'The Gentlemen' Directed by Guy Ritchie The work of Guy Ritchie has become synonymous with a very specific aesthetic, and like the oversized Snatch and Lock, Stock posters themselv... Guy Ritchie Aims for a Return to Form in the First Trailer for 'The Gentlemen' Guy Ritchie's Hollywood career has been packed with strange ups and downs, most recently culminating with creating Will Smith's bizarre geni... Without a Strong Genie, Disney's 'Aladdin' Reboot Loses Its Magic Directed by Guy Ritchie In 2017, when Will Smith was announced as the Genie in Disney's live-action reboot of Aladdin, comedian Demi Adejuyigbe took millions on a m... Watch a New Trailer for Disney's Live Action Remake of 'Aladdin' Just over two months out from its arrival in theatres, Disney's new live-action remake of Aladdin now has a new trailer. The latest look... Will Smith's Genie in the Live-Action 'Aladdin' Remake Isn't Blue and Twitter Is Confused The upcoming Disney live-action remake of Aladdin already came under fire for "browning up" white actors, and now fans are puzzled by the fi... Disney Accused of "Browning Up" White Actors in Live Action Remake of 'Aladdin' Disney's live action remake of Aladdin is being slammed by critics for "browning up" white actors to "blend in" on set. According to the... King Arthur: Legend of the Sword Directed by Guy Ritchie Guy Ritchie delivers another royal knockout with King Arthur: Legend of the Sword, a bombastic and boisterous action epic that breathes new... Charlie Hunnam and Guy Ritchie Discuss Their Incredibly Badass 'King Arthur: Legend of the Sword' If you've been living under a rock for the past nine years, Charlie Hunnam may seem like an odd choice to play Britain's biggest mythical he... Watch a New Trailer for Guy Ritchie's 'King Arthur: Legend of the Sword' After his rather disappointing The Man from U.N.C.L.E., director Guy Ritchie is going even further back in time with his next movie. King... The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Guy Ritchie With Robert Downey, Jr. and Jude Law being preoccupied with other projects, there was a franchise void for populist late summer adult sleuth... Director Guy Ritchie has always been preoccupied with cool. From when he first turned heads in 1998 with Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels... The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Trailer No property is safe from being rebooted, and the next film on our radars is The Man from U.N.C.L.E., a 1960s spy show that's being transform...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line108
__label__cc	0.502555	0.497445	Sunday 17 January 2021, 05:07 Ukrainian Institute of Research of Extremism Donate Partnership War is only a cowardly escape from the problems of peace.Thomas Mann No man can think clearly when his fists are clenched.George Jean Nathan War is a contagion.Franklin D. Roosevelt From fanaticism to barbarism is only one step.Denis Diderot An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.Mahatma Gandhi You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist.Indira Gandhi Wars begin in the minds of men.The Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO Hatred – The anger of the weak.Alphonse Daudet Главная > Research > CHILDREN OF WAR: Research on problems of childhood in Ukraine in conditions of military aggression CHILDREN OF WAR: Research on problems of childhood in Ukraine in conditions of military aggression Children of war (PDF) War and problems of new generation formation Children of forcibly displaced persons Safety of children in the area of military actions Children in the temporarily occupied area Implications and recommendations The annexations of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and the war in Donbas have considerably changed the lives of all citizens of Ukraine, regardless of their places of residence. Most vulnerable segments of population, first of all, children, are most sensitive during any drastic changes in the society, especially, when such changes are associated with military or proto-military (like in Crimea) conflicts. The children living in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions experienced and experience the consequences of the war to a deepest extent. According to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), 5 million Ukrainian citizens have suffered during the conflict in Donbas. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimates that 1.7 million of the aggrieved (or 34% of their total number) are children. War has never accounted for a humanity factor. Therefore, it always leaves a great number of victims behind it, not only among combatants, but also among civilians, including children. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), as of May 1, 2015, 68 children have died during the war in Donbas, with, at least, four of them during the recent ceasefire. 176 children have been wounded. Besides, the war in Donbas has resulted in emergence of victims among children from other countries. Among 298 victims of the Boeing 777 shoot down by separatists on July 2014, there were 80 variously-aged children. At the same time, despite of the fact that there were no direct military engagements during the annexation in Crimea, youngest Ukrainian citizens, however, face problems of another kind. Therefore, we could not avoid the impact of proto-military problems in this research, such as children’s life under the conditions of occupation. Children of internally displaced persons (IDPs), with their specific problems, represent another very large category of children formed due to the Russian aggression. Understanding the significant threats brought by the war and annexation, refugees from Crimea and Donbas started leaving for Ukraine-controlled areas. As of June 3, 2015, 1,325,154 displaced persons (or 3% of the entire population of Ukraine, excluding the annexed Autonomous Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol, according to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine. At the same time, according to the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, 873,816 people were displaced as of June 3, 2015, including 853,124 people from Donetsk and Luhansk Regions and 20,692 people from the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. It means that almost two thousand Ukrainian citizens have had to leave their homes and become refugees every week since the Russian aggression began. These figures only refer to those IDPs that ran away from the war to the Ukrainian territory. Among the IDPs, there are 150,481 children (or 17.2% of their total number). It means that 330 children have been deprived of their homes every day since the so called “polite little men” began taking Crimea away from Ukraine. Displaced mothers gave birth to over four thousand infants in the Ukraine-controlled areas during this period. As the war is running in the territory of our country, as a result of the permanent aggressive information products (died people, military actions, violence, “a language of enmity”) in mass media, due to the stress mental state of adults, after direct communication with the children of IDPs, the problem of the impact of the war on the formation (socialisation) of all Ukrainian children is becoming quite pressing. If in the past years, the term “children of war” was clearly associated in our country with the generation born just before and during the World War II, then today, it refers to quite another age category. It is worthy of note that children of war today do not already represent an old (or already formed) generation, but the generation that is only going through the socialisation stage, the stage of formation of the inner self and the future outer collective ourselves (which means the political and civic culture of a community and the entire nation). The society and the state, provided that they are interested in self-preservation, should not only care for welfare of the most vulnerable categories of population, but also for safety, education, children’s full access to rights and freedoms, and capability of the youngest Ukrainian citizens to assert them in the future. The category of children who have become half-orphans as a result of the military actions is not large in number, but most war-affected. According to the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine, as of March 31, 2015, 1,086 children have lost their parents, as they took part in the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) or were wounded in the ATO area. Today, the state authorities have introduced a number of measures aimed at providing such children with certain privileges (particularly, access to high education). However, to secure their rights, it is necessary to solve current “adult” problems, such as recognition of their deceased parents as the ATO participants (especially, if they were members of volunteer corps). Indirectly, limitations of children’s rights for recreation are also a consequence of the war. As the TSN news informed on May 11, 2015, for the reason of the Russian occupation, Ukraine has lost 120 children’s recreation camps in Crimea and 70 camps in Luhansk and Donetsk Regions. They make up a quarter of all children’s recreation facilities that Ukraine owned. The following data were used in this research: - quantitative and qualitative systematisation of mass media data conducted by experts of our Institute; - repliestorequestsforinformationfromministriesandothercentralexecutivebodies; - resultsofthemonitoringandanalysisconductedbyourresearchcentres, stateauthorities, non-governmentalorganisations; - public data taken from mass media; - results of sociological surveys. Formation of a full member of the society, who will be able to protect his/her rights, under the conditions of exaggerated popularisation of violence and polarisation of public opinions yet does not seem to be the most pressing issue, especially given that thousands of Ukrainian citizens, including children, have already perished during the war. But strategically, it is the solving to the socialisation vector problem that the future acceptable models of social behaviour and, consequently, the future of our country will largely depend on. A latent problem of any war is that during that period, a new generation is formed, a generation cultivated in view of the wartime values. In Ukraine, this problem is being aggravated by the fact that there was a seventy-year gap, when Ukrainians did not experience wars in their country. War seemed to be an atavism of the past and, consequently, the education concepts were aimed at children’s socialisation under peacetime conditions. War does not only popularise aggression and violent methods for solving problems. It discredits the moral standards of tranquil life, legal rules, compromises and dialogues as a means to an end. This will largely determine the behaviour standards of those Ukrainian citizens who were formed during the war. According to experts, children’s stress is formed due to the lack of understanding of the on-going events. Therefore, special attention should be paid to dealing with psychology and rationalising processes of children’s socialisation. It should be noted that during the 15 months after the beginning of the Russian aggression, the Ministry of Education of Ukraine prepared a number of guidelines, concepts related to patriotic education, new materials related to teaching modern history and providing psychological assistance for the educational system. It is also important that the number of psychology specialists in the educational system of Ukraine almost doubled from 2006 to 2014, from 13,355 to 24,311. Though the previous (2014) year showed the insignificant dynamics of dismissal of these specialists, the educational system retained the formal succession pool and the methodical resource to provide psychological assistance and form the respective vector of personal socialisation. The first thing that attracts attention in the system of patriotic education is the absence of the tradition of and experience in cultivating patriotism as a value and the lack of its recognition in the regulatory documents: “during the previous period, the term ‘national’ was wary of, and ‘patriotic education’ was only viewed as having an ethic or a neo-Soviet meaning”[1]. Regulatory documents issued by the Ministry of Education suggest the importance to negotiate flashiness and simplification in the process of forming patriotic values. For example, the guidelines for organisation of patriotic education of children and pupils in 2014/2015 academic years say that “it is important to avoid the replacement of the deep ideological gist of patriotism with its outer indicators, patriotism that means the readiness to facilitate the development of the Ukrainian democracy by hard work, scientific, creative and sports achievements and service”. Therefore, Ukraine as a state recognises that conceptually, patriotism should not be reduced to “sharovarshchyna” (narrow-minded interpretation of the Ukrainian history, culture, language and traditions) or exclusively Ukrainian studies and Ukraine centrism. In this view, the positive component of the above-mentioned guidelines issued by the Ministry of Education is an example of organising patriotic education when such optional courses as Civic Studies, Fundamentals of Democracy, Democracy Studies were included into the optional part of the educational plans. It means that the Ministry of Education does not accentuate flag-waving values, but tries to position the Ukrainian national idea in the minds of teenagers as the one that is based on the values of democracy, civil society and humanity. By the way, this is the difference of the Ukrainian educational system from the educational system inculcated in the occupied areas. Particularly, the Concept of patriotic and moral education of the so called “Republic of Crimea” stipulates that “patriotism is love of the Fatherland, devotion to the Fatherland, endeavour to serve its interests and readiness to defend it, including self-sacrifice”, which means that patriotism in the Russian doctrine is higher than the human right to life and the acceptable model of patriotic behaviour is to “serve the state” (the Russian concept), not to “facilitate the development of the state” (the Ukrainian concept). The Concept of the national and patriotic education of children and youth approved by the Ministry of Education of Ukraine on March 26, 2015 says that its goal is to “form consciousness of the present and future generations so that they consider the state (patria) as the guarantor of their own personal development based on the idea of humanity, social welfare, democracy, freedom, tolerance, deliberateness, responsibility, a healthy way of living, readiness for changes”. It means that the state is not an end in itself, but a basis for people’s development. The values of democratic development offered by the Ministry of Education to some extent stimulate to solve conflicts by means of a dialogue. However, in conditions of war, which always stimulates polar thinking, aggressive tendencies, violent problem solving, we think that a course of Conflict Management, popularisation of non-violent methods for problem solving and formation of a dialogue culture should become important components of the patriotic education. This issue is partially reflected in the Concept of patriotic education. It is also worthy of note that formation of “an ability to settle conflicts in accordance with the principles of democracy” is included in the section of the Concept dedicated to the military and patriotic education. However, “motivation of a person to active counteraction against Ukraine-phobia, amorality, separatism, chauvinism, fascism” is a parallel direction in the objectives of education. We can agree with this direction (provided that a young citizen can clearly differentiate between morality and amorality or between patriotism and fascism, for instance), but without the necessary concretisation, the practical implementation of such “active counteraction” is rather questionable (i.e. understanding of who may exert violence against antisocial persons). Probably, in order to understand the limits and the acceptable methods, the above-mentioned guidelines contain such goal-directed vectors of the educational process as pupils’ gain of critical thinking, initiative, a creative approach, responsibility for their actions and deeds, popularisation of civic and volunteer activities. The analysis of the materials recommended by the Ministry of Education as the last paragraph of the History of Ukraine for Form 11 Manual demonstrates deliberateness in the provision of information, especially with regard to conflicting issues: “a lot of people invited disaster to their lands, being under the influence of the Russian propaganda. Some people betrayed their country, hoping for larger social benefits in case Russia occupies them. Other people, with criminals and drug addicts among them, hoped that the coup will raise them and give an opportunity to rob and maraud scot-free. Instead, the core of the separatists consisted of Russian agents”. Assessing the materials in their entirety, we proceeded from the necessity to strengthen the patriotic values. And, given the on-going military actions in Ukraine, this paragraph is rather deliberate. It tells about both the support for the Russian combatants by part of the local residents and the significant impact of the social and economic promises and the Russian propaganda on the citizens. Though, it should be noted that there is imposition of rather controversial parallels. Namely, the following sentence: “just like during the World War II, there were some people who became collaborationists”[2]. At the same time, the analysis of the above-mentioned paragraph showed that even avoiding hypertrophic heroisation of the war, the educational system did not accentuate the actual social, economic and demographic consequences of the military actions for entire Ukraine. At the same time, certain attention in the supplementary paragraph is paid to the pressing wartime issues, such as a wide movement of volunteers, the Ukrainians’ support for armed forces personnel and forcibly displaced persons. Understanding the problems in teaching history, especially, at its crucial moments, we should proceed with the necessity to form the ability to think critically, on the one hand, and to systematically form the patriotic values of the next generation, on the other hand. The fact that social responsibility and polyculture are among the principles of the patriotic education is very important in the context of the military conflict in Ukraine. “It is important that pupils, regardless of their nationality and region of residence, should associate themselves with Ukraine, strive to live in Ukraine, understand the need to comply with the constitutional and legal requirements and to know the national language, take their region’s history as part of the history of Ukraine, feel their own involvement in the future of their native land as an integral part of the united country”, the guidelines of the Ministry of Education say. Crucial in the process of formation of critical thinking is the understanding, stipulated in the Concept, that the national and patriotic education must not cultivate “the ideas of cultural imperialism, i.e. the way of perceiving the world only through the eyes of the national culture”. In this context, the Ukrainian educational values become a vector (the object of patriotism) and a qualitative opposition to the idea of “the Russian world”. Generally, during 2015, it is planned to establish the Centre for patriotic education, which will be subordinate to the Ministry of Education, and an information resource dedicated to the national and patriotic themes. In 2016-2017, it is planned to develop programmes and educational manuals aimed at patriotic education of the youth. In our opinion, the problem is not so much in the fact that this process is dragged out, as in the importance of the practical implementation of the components of the above-mentioned Concept. We must be aware that the issues related to patriotic education are not the objectives of the educational sector alone. Other socialisation channels should be involved in this process, too, including mass media. But currently, it is in the cultural (not news or documentary) area where there is significant vacuum yet. We mean high quality theatrical and animated films, which would promote the formation of patriotic and democratic values with children. The vacuum of our own cultural products is filled with low-rank and flag-waving information products made in other countries. The problem is in the excessive number of information products from the countries, whose proclaimed patriotic values are not in line with the Ukrainian ones, not only with regard to their objects, but also fundamentally. We do not only mean threats of forming our teenagers’ patriotic feelings to other countries, but also imposition of the values that are in contradiction with the ones that the domestic educational system attempts to strengthen, namely, excessive heroisation of war, easiness of self-sacrifice and the same easiness of murder, propaganda of violence and aggressiveness. These peculiarities is attributed to Russian films, which actually monopolised the information space before the war and continue to occupy the leading positions in it so far (having the respective propagandistic message). Given the excessive number of such films, we can observe substitution of notions, the lack of understanding of the social essence of war (military heroism monopolises the information message of war, without focusing on the humanitarian tragedy). The new generation should not take war and violence, even against an enemy, as a heroic adventure. Therefore, the state, especially during the war, should clearly identify the ideological aspects of films and their targets, as well as heroisation of military actions divorced from reality. The lack of national television channels and domestic information products for children is quite a problem, too. Cable networks offer certain television channels; however, they contain other countries’ information products. Consequently, education of children is fully shifted to parents and the educational system. Meanwhile, the Russian propaganda actively manipulates children’s awareness by substituting the values of love to the native land with xenophobia. Today, along with the non-patriotic component, children, through information products, have easy access to violent scenes and vulgar vocabulary. This does not only influence children’s minds, but also the acceptable behaviour models of the following generations. The problem is that products for children are not profitable. That is why a considerable part of children receives the information products that do not suit their age. A great number of low-rank serials, criminal news and investigations, entertaining programmes for adults atrophy perception of reality by children and popularise extremity in practical activities. Analysing the educational problems, we cannot overlook the problem of formation of a split between the occupied and the free areas of Ukraine, for along with patriotism in the form of self-sacrifice, the occupation authorities actively inculcate militarisation of education. Particularly, the occupation authorities in Sevastopol organised an automatic gun assembly / disassembly contest during the celebration of the International Day for Protection of Children. Thus, the educational system in Ukraine on a regulatory basis recognised formation of a patriotic Ukrainian as one of its objectives. For this purpose, it is understood that patriotism suggests, first, non-recognition of the state dominance in its relations with people (paternalism), with the people themselves dominating; and second, patriotism should not be reduced to “sharovarshchyna”, but should be a set of values aimed at understanding and exercising human and civil rights. At the same time, at the level of popularisation of patriotism and peaceful methods for conflict settlement, the information policy system should undergo fundamental changes. We do not so much mean the division of the world into “good” and “bad” guys, which approach is promoted by the Russian propaganda and sometimes used by Ukrainian mass media. This xenophobic approach to formation of a nation, which Russian communication channels apply, results in the constant need of an external enemy, as a reinforcing stimulus. And as soon as this system fails, the country begins experiencing centrifugal processes. The problem is that a number of values, which the system of patriotic education tries to cultivate, should find their place in other non-educational communication channels. But so far, the Ukrainian socialisation system is characterised by cognitive dissonance, when the educational system forms the values different from those formed by mass media and mass culture. Consequently, the principal conclusion is that we need to form an integral system for educating Ukrainian children, with not only educational facilities involved. Any military actions are always accompanied with displaced persons, civilians, who try to leave the area of military actions. As of May 18, 2015, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine reports of the displacement from the conflict areas of 148,369 children, including 142,709 children (or 96% of all children of IDPs) from Donetsk and Luhansk Regions and 5,660 children from Crimea and Sevastopol. So, forcible displacement is largely caused not by political prosecution, but by safety risks. It means that in one form or another, displaced persons experienced (a) consequences of military actions or their actual threat; (b) displacement associated with the understanding that it will be impossible to return (a threat of destruction or collection of the property they left); (c) the need to begin a new life in new environment, without familiar social relations and often without the required financing. According to experts, families of displaced persons experience a double trauma. First, they need to overcome the stress related to staying in the area of military actions and associated with the left long-inhabited place. Second, they need to overcome the stress associated with the need to become adapted to new environment. In a hypertrophic form, theses psychological traumas impact on their children, too. Despite of the fact that children experience displacement-related stresses in the same way as adults do or even deeply, they, nevertheless, are faced with a number of other specific problems. In particular, they feel the lack of attention of adult members of their families. While solving problems related to financial support of their families, parents spend less time on communicating with their children. A child may perform part of family duties, which children did not use to do before the war. So, there is a crisis related to changes in environment and a crisis related to changes in family roles, leading to acceleration of children’s coming-of-age. Consequently, children’s stress becomes aggravated. This is why one of the pressing issues today is the necessity to provide children with psychological assistance. Therefore, starting in last April, the Ministry of Education has been actively developing guidelines regarding educational work in conflict situations and in the conditions of social and political conflicts. Particularly, IDPs’ children, according to these guidelines, are proposed to be included into vulnerable categories of population; the ministry proposes that we should cultivate “understanding and respect of feelings and opinions of other people” in them. According to the letter of the Ministry of Education dated November 17, 2014, the educational programme for advanced training of specialists of the psychological service on consulting and overcoming psychological traumas, including those associated with military actions, should have been developed this year. However, due to several factors, educational psychologists and social workers, who deal with IDP’s children, still use the previous materials, while working with families that found themselves in complicated life situations, and the materials developed by non-government organisations and several children’s psychologists. One of the important factors, due to which the problem of provision of refugees with psychological assistance is not aggregated enough, is that such assistance is ignored by displaced persons themselves. Ukrainians, regardless of their place of residence, have not yet started to understand that specialised psychological assistance can relieve distress in their lives. Surveys of IDPs demonstrate that access to psychologists and the respective services makes them concerned, but to a much lesser degree than the problem of employment, accommodation and medical aid. Besides, there are other reasons why specific problems of refugees’ children are hard to identify. First, displaced persons are often characterised by a high mobility rate, especially during the first months after they exit the occupied area. Under such circumstances, continuous moves, on the one hand, do not aggregate children’s problems for educational workers and, on the other hand, give an opportunity to bate the first stress related to the departure from the areas of the military conflict. Second, the majority of IDPs’ children is concentrated in the liberated areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions or is staying with their relatives, i.e. in the places and with the people where they have already been partially adapted. Third, due to the absence of a number of socially-imposed hang-ups, a child can rather easily be adapted in a new social environment. For example, as E. Libanova, the director of the Demography Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, notes, the problem of the language of education are relegated to the background for refugees’ children. Nevertheless, while systematising the recommendations on adaptation of displaced persons’ children, it is worthwhile accounting for different degrees of life stresses that a person has overcome, as part of the refugees had left the occupation area before the military actions began in their settlement, another part ran away from shelling. Some people left their relatives in the occupied area; some of the relatives have died during the war. Probably, the mist difficult objective to Ukraine as a state is psychological assistance to those of IDPs’ children, whose father (parents) died as being a combatant of the quasi-republics or continues waging the war on the separatists’ side. We should also account the duration of a child’s stay in the occupied area. For the majority of IDPs’ children, the adaptation-related problems are similar to those faced by the majority of the children who find themselves in a new social environment. To solve them, we should create a favourable general social and psychological climate at the educational facility. Given the stresses accompanying a child and his/her parents during their forcible displacement and the need to cross the delimitation line, access to medical aid is one of the most urgent issues that refugees with children become concerned about. It is children who need medical aid most of all, which is proved by the statistical data of the State Emergency Service. For example, as of June 1, 2015, 259,137 displaced persons (29.7% of all IDPs) have requested for medical aid, including 98,416 children, which means that 65.4% of all IDPs’ children needed medical aid. Besides, children have made up 38% of all IDPs that have received medical services at hospitals. It should be reminded that the number of IDPs’ children only amounts to 17.2%. So, children need much more medical aid than adults. Besides, the fact that only 62,090 children (or 41% of all IDPs’ children) have been registered at hospitals is not so optimistic. At a first glance, the situation with enrolment of IDPs’ children to educational facilities is difficult, too. For example, out of the children of the refugees from Donetsk and Luhansk Regions, 76.6 thousand have been enrolled to schools and kindergartens, which makes up 53.7% of their total number. However, the survey made by Kharkiv Institute of Social Studies shows that the most acute problems which the displaced persons are faced with are employment (45%) and medical service (36%). In its turn, the problem of children’s enrolment to the kindergarten, for instance, concerns only 4% of the refugees. Given that employment is not accessed by half of the refugees, the problem of their children’s enrolment to the kindergarten, with the parents staying at home, has not yet become urgent. Among the basic problems to be solved as soon as possible, there is the problem of shifting the issue of provision of services, including medical and educational, to local budgets. For example, the planned health expenses were calculated only in view of local residents. But today, displaced persons receive medical services at their expense. This does not only decrease the possibilities to access medical services by the both population categories, but also causes risks of conflicts and enmity between the local population and the displaced persons. The target allocation of costs from the state budget to implement social and other guarantees for IDPs could be a way out of this situation. This would not only facilitate fair cost distribution, but also stimulate local authorities to improve servicing displaced persons and their children. Massive habitation of people at one place, which, as a rule, lacks the required medical and sanitary conditions, of which part of the displaced persons are characterised today, always implies threats of epidemics. Given the difficult situation in the Ukrainian medicine, consequences of such epidemics may be considerable. These threats are especially pressing for children, who can facilitate penetration of epidemic threats from places of massive habitation to educational facilities, thus not only stimulating health threats, but also conflict aggravations between the local and displaced population. Such an approach could provide with a possibility to reduce the risk of conflicts between the local residents and the refugees. The Ukrainian Institute of Research of Extremism have conducted a monitoring of mentions of IDPs’ problems in mass media. According to the results of the research, out of 754 items of information about the displaced persons placed during January-May 2015 on ten top Internet resources, 374 items clearly described qualitative and quantitative problems directly associated with IDPs. So, only 7% of the items mentioned IDPs’ children. The major problem determined in the information materials is financial support of refugees (53% of all mentions) and statistical information about IDPs (27%). At the same time, in spite of the wide-spread rumours regarding the involvement of the displaced persons to criminal activities, this theme was found in only 4% of the information items. Nevertheless, the state should apply all possible measures to overcome the language of enmity in the society with regard to the displaced persons of Donbas. We mean: (a) social advertisements regarding assistance to the refugees and promotion of positive principles for national unity (as opposed to negative ones); (b) establishment of legal responsibility for dissemination of regional intolerance, especially by state officials; (c) formation of values of national unity by positive examples. Tolerance towards the displaced persons should be strengthened through all possible state and civil society institutions, as “adult” problems associated with common habitation of the local and displaced population are projected and hyperbolised in conversations within children’s collectives. The level of financial support of IDPs and their children is still low. The Ministry of Social Policy informs that starting on October 1, the special allowance to IDPs for accommodation purposes was introduced. It is provided that such an allowance for one child, as an unemployed person, amounts to UAH 884, and the total volume of allowances for one family is limited by UAH 2,400 per month. In our opinion, such limitations are not grounded, as they lead to reduction of expenses that families with children can obtain. For example, a family consisting of two children and two employable members (who receive UAH 442 each) obtain UAH 2,400 instead of UAH 2,652; so, such families in fact are limited in receiving allowances. It should be noted that Ukraine has maintained control over the great part of educational facilities in the territory of its two eastern regions. Currently, there is a great number of educational institutions in Ukraine-controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions: 47.9% of pre-school facilities (841 out of 1,757), 48.7% of general education facilities (888 out of 1,824), 39.7% of vocational schools (75 out of 189), 65% of higher educational institutions of accreditation levels I-II (52 out of 80), 42.5% of higher educational institutions of accreditation levels III-IV (14 out of 31). According to the Ministry of Education, 45% of children in the liberated areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions are covered with out-of-school education. But, given that the significant part of IDPs’ children stays in Ukraine-controlled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions, the major problem today is the considerable load on educational facilities. Generally, it should be noted that while protecting Ukrainian IDPs, we should refuse from excessive expectations for the international community; as only officially registered, there are 20 million refugees and 25 million internally displaced persons in the world and 80% of them are women and children. Several countries have 10% of its population displaced within the territory of the country. It means that Ukraine, with its 3% of displaced persons, is not in the focus of attention of international migration controlling bodies. So, provision of psychological and medical assistance and access to educational facilities are among the basic problems faced with by IDPs’ children. Unfortunately, part of these problems are either solved by self-regulation (medical treatment at the expense of local budgets), or not solved at all, as they have not become pressing (for example, access to kindergartens), or potentially not aggregated yet (due to the high level of mobility of the displaced persons). Potentially, we have part of the people that after their possible return to Donbas will bring to this territory the identity and the values that will be cultivated in them during the war. Therefore, the state and the society should concentrate their efforts on forming an integral personality not only able to adapt to a new environment, but also to become a promoter of Ukrainian interests in Donbas in the future and one of the efficient means of its future reintegration. Besides, not only refugees, but also local population should be objects for adaptation of IDPs’ children to a new environment. Tolerance to other people is the problem, but no so much of the displaced persons, as the environment they arrive to. The problem of children’s presence in the areas of military actions and securing their safety in the post-war environment is one of the most acute of all problems related to the impact of war on the young generation. Currently, there are no exact statistics regarding the number of children affected by the military actions in Donbas. According to the UNICEF, as of April 2015, at least 42 children have died and 109 have been wounded by mortar bombs and ordnances exploded in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions. According to the data issued by the WHO, as of May 1, 68 children have died and 176 have been wounded during the military actions in Donbas. According to the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, as of May 15, 2015, 4 children have died in Luhansk Region and 48 in Donetsk Region; 7 children have been wounded or injured in Luhansk Region and 123 in Donetsk Region. Given the military actions in the area and the absence of official communication between Ukraine and the separatists, we can expect that the number of victims among children is higher than the above figures. We can assert that in percentage terms, the number of children that died during the conflict is in any case lower than the number of adults. But we should understand that the objective of the state and non-governmental organisations is to do their best to make this number stop growing. The only efficient way out here today is to reduce the level of children’s presence in the areas of military actions. For this purpose, we should adopt the respective regulatory legal acts, which would compel the respective authorities and official to take all measures aimed at displacing children from the area of military actions, including against their parents’ will. The availability of hidden ordnances and explosive substances is one of the major problems faced with by children in the areas where military actions took place. The State Emergency Service reports that from July 2014 until late March 2015, over 33 thousand of unexploded ordnances were found; 22 to 36 per day. It is only in the areas controlled by Ukraine. During May 2014 – April 2015, 11 children were injured (and 2 died) as a result of unsanctioned use of unexploded ordnances in Ukraine. It is notable that Donetsk and Luhansk Regions present the highest level of danger in this connection: 10 children were injured (and 1 child died) in these regions. At the end of the previous year, UNICEF presented the first stage of the information campaign dedicated to dangers of mortar bombs and unexploded ordnances to children and adults. Under this campaign, they distributed 600 thousand information leaflets for children and adults, and schools received 200 thousand posters. The Ministry of Education and Science prepared and issued the guidelines for teachers on the peculiarities of communication with children about risks and dangers of unexploded ordnances. The State Emergency Service reports that during 2014, it and the UNICEF made and distributed in the ATO area 50 thousand leaflets on bomb safety among children and their parents. In May 2015, the State Emergency Service together with the OSCE printed 5 thousand copies of the Rules of conduct (procedure of actions) of population in case of finding suspicious and unexploded ordnances in the ATO area. So, the living environment safety information campaign is becoming permanent and should be continued even after the military actions end. Nevertheless, in spite of the activities of the state and international organisations, children continue being injured by unexploded ordnances. Besides, it should be taken into account that along with incidental explosions, children’s carelessness presents a great danger, too. A considerable part of cases of injuring children as a result of detonation of ordnances referred to their careless conduct (children tried to dismantle them). The second problem related to the children living in a post-war environment is to overcome the post-war psychological stress. For instance, last May, before the beginning of the active military conflict, UNICEF conducted a research in Donetsk Region. According to it, at that time, already half of children felt fear, anxiety and similar feelings. It is notable that the youngest children experienced the highest stress level. Third, one of the consequences of staying in the area of the military conflict, but not less important, is the formation of a negative attitude towards armed people. We can understand how difficult it is for Ukrainian servicemen to experience a crisis of confidence from the people they want to liberate. Therefore, the state and non-governmental organisations should promote the formation among the population and especially among the children being socialised in a post-war environment of clear understanding of the differences between an armed man and a serviceman of the Ukrainian military organisations, between a legitimate and illegal use of arms. At the same time, such understanding is only possible if Ukraine as a state conducts a systematic regional policy (including post-war restoration) in the areas, where the central state authorities have low legitimacy. Fourth is the problem of destruction of social infrastructure. Availability of the respective educational, medical and cultural facilities has indirect influence on childhood in the area of military actions, too. No doubt, it is very difficult to take inventory of damages to such facilities today, especially if they are situated in the area of military actions. Particularly, at least 27 health facilities have been damaged in the two regions. The calculated losses amount to UAH 76 million. The data on seven facilities are still being calculated, and the data on the majority of them are preliminary. Besides, in Luhansk Region alone, 28 cultural facilities have been damaged (or destroyed) during the military actions. It is not only important to take prompt measures to restore these facilities, but also to emphasise Ukraine’s contribution in restoration of social infrastructure damaged during the military actions. It is also important to channel resources to restore the economy and the residential properties in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions by a separate subvention (item of expenses) at the level of the Law of Ukraine “On the State Budget”, not by adopting orders of the central executive authorities. This would enable, first, to send a message to the residents of the de-occupied areas that their problems will be solved at the highest level, second, to side-line rumours, which may be disseminated among the residents of other Ukrainian regions that Donbas is restored at their expense. This would hamper the dissemination of the language of enmity, to a certain degree, which is also a problem in the relations between the residents of various regions. Therefore, the objective of the state (in view of the problems highlighted in the previous section) is to popularise in the ATO area the expediency of psychological diagnostics, especially among the children that survived occupation and military actions aimed at liberating their settlements. The urgent objective is to continue popularising the rules of safe living in a post-war environment among children. And, doubtlessly, it is important to conduct a consistent policy aimed at restoration of the war-affected areas, implementation of the state programmes for formation of patriotic values in children and popularisation of representatives of the legitimate defence and law enforcement agencies. As a result of the Russian imperialist occupation policy with regard to our country, Ukraine currently does not control approximately 45 thousand square kilometres of its territory, which in 2013 was inhabited by about 6 million citizens, with children representing their considerable part. Today, it is difficult to estimate exactly how many children live in the area not controlled by Ukraine. As of January 1, 2014, there were 388.7 thousand people aged below 18 in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. About 70 thousand children lived in Sevastopol. As for the uncontrolled areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions, it is very difficult to calculate the number of children there. But the trends show that the situation is rather complicated. Given that the number of children among the displaced persons amounts to 17.2% and the correlation between the children affected by the war in Donbas and the total war-affected population is 34%, we can see an important peculiarity: a lot of families with children have no possibility to leave the area. Meanwhile, according to the results of the sociological survey conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in November 2014, 41% of families with children that live in occupation would like to, but could not evacuate their children to a safe area. It suggests that Ukraine has not yet created proper conditions for their evacuation and staying in the free areas. Besides, but not less importantly, it suggests that the considerable part of children stay in the occupied areas of Donbas. As for Crimea, according to the data provided by the State Emergency Service, only 5 thousand children were displaced from the peninsula. Taking all the above into consideration, we can come to the conclusion that the basic part of children stay in the occupied areas. For example, according to the data of the Authorised Representative of the President of Ukraine on the Rights of Children, as of the beginning of 2015, about a half million children lived in the occupied areas of Donetsk and Luhansk Regions, which is at least a four time larger figure compared with those children who were evacuated to the Ukraine-controlled area. For many children living in occupation (Luhansk and Donetsk Regions), the pressing problems are practically the same as for the children living in the area of military actions, but Ukraine as a state is unable to exercise its powers to secure their life and health safety (including mental health). Socialisation problems are urgent for them, too (the anti-Ukrainian vector of education at schools, in mass media and other communication channels). Even after the return of Crimea and the occupied part of Donbas to Ukraine, our society will face the global reintegration problem, for hundreds of thousands of the children that lived in occupation are being taught on a Ukraine-phobic basis. We will also have to deal with the children, whose parents supported or fought for the “DPR” and “LPR”, and with the children, whose parents died during the military actions in Donbas. However, before these areas become liberated, the state has a possibility to stimulate talented children, as future intellectual elite, to train and complete their basic specialisation on the basis of the democratic values of the Ukrainian patriotism. We mean the involvement of the school-leavers in studying at the higher educational institutions located in the Ukraine-controlled areas. As the previous year showed, the “war for school-leavers” will be waged in the conditions of stiff competition and a number of internal problems. First, we mean the purposeful policy of the invading state. For example, Russia stated last year that it would provide Crimean young people with privileged conditions of entering Russian higher educational institutions. Totally, 1,400 residents of Crimea entered Russian higher educational institutions in 2014. It is notable that only 300 pupils from Crimea (i.e. 2.4% of all Crimean school-leavers) registered to participate in the External Independent Assessment in Ukraine. As for the 2015 entrance campaign, it is yet very difficult to estimate the exact figures, remembering of the possibility that the school-leavers from the occupied areas could take part in the second stage of the External Independent Assessment. However, according to the results of Kherson Regional Centre for Independent Assessment, which is the closest one to the Crimea, 65 school-leavers from Crimea took part in the test in Ukrainian Language. Totally, over 14 thousand pupils will leave school in 2015 in Crimea (including Sevastopol). 1,040 future applicants took the Russian Unified State Examination in Russian Language, but this is not indicative, as the Unified State Examination is not compulsory for the Crimean pupils intended to enter Russian higher educational institutions. For them, there is an option: they may take examinations at the higher educational institution itself (about 3% of student spaces in Russian higher educational institutions are reserved for Crimean school-leavers). However, comparing the figures in general, we can assert that only 5.9% of Crimean pupils of those who made a final decision plan to enter Ukrainian higher educational institutions. During this academic year, the Crimean occupation authorities refused to teach Ukrainian Language in senior forms, thus creating artificial obstacles for the school-leavers from Crimea to enter Ukrainian higher educational institutions (Ukrainian Language is a compulsory subject at all courses at our higher educational institutions) Second, there are bureaucratic obstacles created by the Ukrainian part. For instance, Ukraine does not recognise education certificates issued in the occupied areas. The letter of the Ministry of Education “Regarding organisation of education at general education facilities for the person that live in the temporarily occupied areas in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and in the areas of the Anti-Terrorist Operation in Donetsk and Luhansk Regions” dated October 14, 2014 says that any education documents issued by “the occupation structures of the Russian Federation and the self-appointed ‘authorities’ shall have no legal force and will not have it in the future”. To have a possibility to enter higher educational institutions and vocational schools, the school-leavers that live in occupation “may continue training in the territory of Ukraine under all possible forms”. As the Ministry of Education reports, it means distant and external studies. Namely, these pupils should study remotely or they become refugees. In any case, to obtain a Ukrainian certificate of secondary education and all other documents required to enter the higher educational institutions, a school-leaver from the occupied areas should either become a refugee or cross the delimitation line several times (to become registered for external studies, to undergo the State Final Attestation and the External Independent Assessment). For example, to obtain all documents required to enter a Ukrainian university and to take examinations, a school-leaver living in the occupied area and having no possibility to stay in the free area for several days will have to cross the military delimitation line (or the so called border between the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Kherson Region) for at least six times. Taking into account the absence of passenger traffic between the occupied and the Ukraine-controlled areas, the low incomes of the population, especially in the areas of military actions, in 2015 Ukraine is at risk to lose the school-leavers from the uncontrolled areas. So, from the beginning of their adult life, young Ukrainians are getting accustomed to the idea that Ukraine does not care for its citizens. The absence of the proper conditions for the school-leavers in the free areas of Ukraine makes even the patriotic part of the population stay in the occupied areas. Third, year after year, due to Ukraine-phobia inculcated in the occupied areas, the flow of school-leavers will decrease. For example, anti-Ukrainian ideology and violence is actively popularised at schools in Donetsk; at School No. 46, the children made a performance, in which the imaginary so called “militiamen” killed the imaginary Ukrainian soldiers. Actually, what is meant here is the need to apply all possible measures to provide population in the occupied areas (including children) with access to objective information, which suggests the formation of specialised information channels for the population with a predominantly Ukraine-phobic position. The fourth peculiarity is the necessity to strengthen involvement of the school-leavers from the occupied areas. It is these children that will become a locomotive of the Ukrainian ideology in the areas of their permanent residence during their training at higher educational institutions. Fifth is the creation in Ukraine of practical conditions for migration of children to the free areas of Ukraine, which should be done by creating real conditions of access to educational institutions and introducing an efficient mechanism for legitimisation of knowledge gained at secondary educational institutions located in the occupied areas. But first of all, the system for involvement of school-leavers from the occupied Crimea and areas of Donbas should be based on the understanding of the gradual gap in the system of knowledge that the pupils gain in the occupied areas. It especially refers to humanitarian sciences, because such subjects as History of Ukraine, Ukrainian Literature, which form the basis of the External Independent Assessment in social and humanitarian subjects, are not taught at schools in the occupied areas. In this context, the appointment of two additional sessions (the principal one took place in April) in Ukrainian Language for the persons from the occupied areas is a step forward. The Ministry of Education also stipulates that citizens of Ukraine living in occupation shall be entitled to get registered to undergo the External Independent Assessment in any settlement. However, in view of technical problems (the absence of passenger traffic), the access to these settlements remains complicated. The problem associated with issuance of birth certificates to new citizens of Ukraine born in the occupied areas is similar to the problem of access of the school-leavers from the occupied areas to education. The situation is similar to the one with issuance of education certificates and diplomas: our country refuses to recognise birth certificates issued by the occupation authorities. In this view, the people that live in occupation and wish their children would be deemed citizens of Ukraine will be deprived of this opportunity. It is understood that in view of the development of electronic technologies, these citizens may be provided with the possibility to notify Ukrainian registration bodies by sending them electronic messages. And Ukrainian registration offices, after the respective examination, may inform these citizens about the readiness of their documents and the possibility of obtaining them in the territory of Ukraine. So, in practice, the residents of the occupied areas are materially limited in their possibilities to enter Ukrainian higher educational institutions after leaving general education institutions located in occupation. It should be noted that year after year, the flow of Ukrainian school-leavers to Ukraine will decrease, as the propaganda machine demonising the enemy will function rather actively. Generally, potential students from the occupied areas face a number of problems preventing them from continuing training in the Ukraine-controlled areas: first, complicated technical opportunities to continue training (an external factor) and second, the expediency beliefs are getting weaker and the knowledge gap is getting larger (an internal factor) to continue training in Ukraine. Consequently, simplification of obtaining an education certificate by means of introduction of a unified examination, which would give a possibility to issue a Ukrainian school certificate and, at the same time, to obtain the required certificates of passing the External Independent Assessment (with the respective system for unification of grades between them and the standard certificates), is an efficient proposal. It means that the blockade of the occupied areas, including its legal grounds, should not have any features of an economic blockade. The problem of the children of war cannot be solved in isolation from the “state-war” problem. Therefore, the policy with regard to children should be an integral part of the general programme for restoration of territorial integrity and the programme for adaptation of displaced persons. Consequently, the formation of the respective authority responsible for the implementation of the Strategy for restoration of territorial integrity of Ukraine should be the most important indicator of the consistency of the state policy with regard to children and the war-caused problems. Unfortunately, during the 15 months after the Russian aggression began, there is neither a strategy with regard to the occupied areas and adaptation of displaced persons nor the unified authority responsible for its implementation. Therefore, a number of measures that are implemented today do not affect other spheres and, consequently, they are losing their efficiency. Namely, the approaches for introduction of critical thinking and a dialogue offered by the educational authorities encounter excessive violence and popularisation of polar thinking in mass media. The theoretical possibilities for the school-leavers from the occupied areas are completely neutralised by the absence of passenger traffic between the areas. Generally, protection of children and their rights from war, military actions and violence in Ukraine requires solving a number of other problems, too, which should be part of the integrated strategy. 1. The conceptually chosen direction of educating the new generation in the spirit of patriotism differs significantly (i.e. not only by its vector, but also by its paradigm) from the direction offered and inculcated by the invaders. If Ukraine focuses on such values as democracy, civil and human rights, then in Russia patriotism means the ability of self-sacrifice in the interests of the state. The model of patriotic actions is also indicative: “promote the development of the state” in Ukraine and “serve the state” in Russia. So, in the military conflict, the Russian Federation will have citizens with higher motivation to self-sacrifice, while the civil society in Ukraine will be stronger than in Russia. Ukraine is building a society, where the human rights, not the state interests, will dominate. Therefore, our way of development is exceptionally peaceful. Taking this into account, only in a peaceful field of confrontation Ukraine will paradigmatically have a possibility to stand against the Russian aggression. Respectively, we should apply all instrumentality of power to localise the on-going conflict in a non-military sphere. 2. The absence of the unwavering faith in the state in Ukraine indicates that shifting the Russian tradition of informational brainwashing of population in the interests of the state into the Ukrainian information environment is not expedient. This conclusion does not remove the need to establish and popularise other channels of strengthening the patriotic values offered by the education system. The formation of the regulatory and legal preconditions for creation and development of domestic information products for children is among the pressing interests of the Ukrainian society today. Given that the problem will require much time, it is already now that we should introduce limitations in the Law of Ukraine “On television and radio broadcasting” with regard to broadcasting audio-visual products manufactured in one foreign country (for example, a limit of 20-25% of all products broadcast by one television channel). This would not only enable to avoid monopolisation of our information space, but also to facilitate the integrity of the domestic system for patriotic education. We should understand that the values cultivated by the educational system should be permanently strengthened by other means, too, namely, by mass media and social networks. Respectively, the concept of the state information policy (the draft concept should have been presented by the Ministry of Information Policy in May) should account for all these requirements. 3. We should simplify the possibility of obtaining Ukrainian education certificates by introducing: a) general education testing of the school-leavers from the occupied areas (which would include assessment in the subject not taught in the occupied areas now and, simultaneously, could become the unified examination for the purpose of obtaining a school certificate and be used to determine the grades at the External Independent Assessment),and b) thecomprehensivestate examination for the graduates from higher educational institutions. The simplified assessment system, first, would provide for understanding the promising outlook for the pupils to study at Ukrainian universities, and second, would significantly complicate the inculcation of the Ukraine-phobic educational policy in the occupied areas. It means that if the requirements for entering universities for the school-leavers from the occupied areas have not become simplified in the nearest future, Ukraine will strengthen the blockade by applying its humanitarian component and will in practice stimulate the further growth of the cultural gap between the citizens living in the occupied and the free areas. It is dangerous, as that the old generation will remember the cohabitation practice and, respectively, will easier reintegrate into the Ukrainian society, while children will have another historical memory, which will be artificially inculcated in them on the anti-Ukrainian basis. 4. Attention to protection of the rights, namely, medical and educational, of IDPs’ children should be strengthened. First of all, we mean financing of services to refugees by the target subvention from the state budget, nit by using the resources, which used to be channelled to meet the needs of local residents. This will eliminate the grounds for conflicts between the displaced and the local population and improve the attitude of the local authorities towards IDPs, given that this financing will depend on the number of IDPs accepted by the respective local community. 5. We should promote resettlement of displaced persons, especially families with children, from the areas of compact settlement. First, this will neutralise the feeling of their needlessness to the state; second, it will reduce the threats of epidemics; third, this will eliminate the possibility of forming artificial ghettoes, when in the context of the language of enmity, or sometimes the conduct of enmity, certain centripetal processes inside the group took place. Under such circumstances, the generation in the process of formation (socialisation) may have the hypertrophic feeling of needlessness to the Ukrainian society and the feeling of “helping hand” from the people from their “ghetto”. The further re-socialisation of such persons will be quite complicated. 6. It is important to understand that all children’s problems represent the transferred projection and exaggeration of adults’ problems. Therefore, the state should: a) solve the most acute problems of displaced persons; first of all, we mean the employment problem, which is basic for any refugee. According to experts, the psychology of an employed person considerably differs from that of a person, who cannot find a job for a long time. People tend to get accustomed to such a status; besides, the displaced persons will surely face the same problem even after they return to their homes. However, we should understand that employment of IDPs will lead to aggravating other problems, namely, organising spaces for IDPs’ children in kindergartens; b) make efforts aimed at infrastructural development of the liberated areas. This would enable the residents of the liberated areas to realise their own significance for Ukraine and to facilitate the return of the displaced persons to the places of their permanent residence. Besides, such practical steps aimed at restoring Donbas would enable the children living in the areas of military actions to obtain access to safe environment and full access to exercising their rights for education and medical aid. 7. The psychological assistance that should be provided to children of war should account for different levels of children’s stresses. Therefore, the guidelines and the courses that will be developed for educational psychologists and social workers should be based on the primary need to conduct children’s psychodiagnostics. It should be noted that permanent examination of the situation should not only be conducted with regard to IDPs’ children (here, it should be compulsory), but also with regard to all other children, because war affects development of all children. And it is the psychological climate within the collective that the adaptation of IDPs’ children largely depends on. 8. If Ukraine is interested in preservation of its human potential, then it should create the conditions when families with children would not only be interested in evacuating from the occupied areas, but also would have possibilities to realise these interests. Therefore, in the nearest time, it is expedient to: - solve the problems of permits to exit the occupied areas, namely, to allow the exit of families with children without the required documents; - reviewthediscriminatingrequirementsthatrestrictprovisionoffinancialassistanceforaccommodationofIDPswithtwoormorechildren; - determinetherequirementsfortheprimarysolvingoftheaccommodationproblemofthefamiliesleaving the occupied areas together with their children; Moreover, it should be accounted for that the process of travelling itself for families with children is rather expensive. Respectively, it would be necessary to provide a state allowance to families with children so that they could leave the areas not controlled by Ukraine. The practical mechanisms that would enable to evacuate children (including school-leavers) and families with children from the occupied areas and the areas of military actions should have the following results: - reduction of the number of victims among children in case full-fledged military actions resume; - formationofamechanismforprotectionofpatrioticchildrenandyouth; - applicationofamechanismfordrawingtalentedandclever children (by creating a simplified procedure for entrance to Ukrainian higher educational institutions by the citizens living in occupation); - cultivationinthemindsofthecitizensresidinginoccupationthat Ukraine will take care of them, despite the fact that they have to live in the occupied areas. [1] Concept of the national and patriotic education of children and youth for 2015-2019 [2] Supplementary paragraph from the History of Ukraine for Form 11 Manual Other researchs The Children of Islamic State (Діти Ісламської Держави) Дослідження наших партнерів по європейській коаліції «Partnership Against the online RadIcalization of Youth Subjects». Актуальність даної проблематики влучно окреслив Президент Quilliam Foundation Номан Бенотман: «Це одна з найсерйозніших проблем на землі. Діти – це ключ до майбутнього. Індоктринація в ісламську державу починається з народження і продовжується в школах і тренувальних таборах. Дітям викладають інтерпретацію шаріату, формують лояльність до насильства, навчають конкретним навичкам, щоб згодом брати в руки прапор джихаду». Вже на сьогодні в так званому Халіфаті завагітніли 31000 жінок, які мають народити нових бійців радикального Ісламу. Розробляються технології виховання більш потужних «смертоносних» бійців, які від народження не цінують життя та готові до насильницьких дій заради ідеалів, які є продуктом зомбування, а не вільного вибору. В навчальних програмах екстремістів для хлопців знищено такі предмети як малювання, філософія, суспільствознавство, всі предмети, які спонукають до творчості та критичного мислення, натомість вивчаються радикальні версії тлумачення Корану, тренування стрільбі, поводження зі зброєю, бойові мистецтва. Програми для дівчат розробляються для навчання майбутніх жінок хатнім справам та догляду за чоловіками. Головний негативний вплив навчальних програм полягає у зниженні чутливості до насильства, як у короткостроковій так і в довгостроковій перспективі. Державні ЗМІ Халіфату пропагують дитяче насильство через демонстрацію подвигів дітей-смертників, зображення підлітків, які беруть участь у бойових діях. Тільки за останні шість місяців, ІДІЛ в офіційних повідомленнях розповсюдила інформацію та зображення 12 катів-дітей, і одну дитину, що бере участь у публічній страті. Враховуючи непоправну шкоду для психологічного та фізіологічного здоров’я дітей, які перебувають під впливом Халіфату, Quilliam Foundation розробив рекомендації щодо організації та супроводу втечі дітей з під нелюдського полону ісламських екстремістів: 1. Створення комісії для захисту від насильницького радикалізму майбутніх поколінь. Передбачає моніторинг реінтеграції дітей в межах країн ЄС. 2. Створення мережі місцевих НУО для координації діяльності фахівців у забезпеченні успішної та стійкої реінтеграції дітей. 3. Сприяння процедурам де-радикалізації, мета яких змінити спосіб життя дітей, приділити максимальну увагу фізичним та психологічним травмам, які виникли внаслідок участі у бойових діях чи під час виховного процесу в дусі насильства та ісламського екстремізму. 4. Розробка програм перевиховання, які націлені на розвінчання авторитету радикальної ісламської ідеології, її заміна позитивною альтернативою. 5. Формування програм мережевих спільнот по залученню дітей до участі у розвиваючих освітніх форумах або профорієнтації. Summary of the study “Extremism in Ukraine 2015- 2016″ Please, be aware that it is only summary of the study “Extremism in Ukraine 2015- 2016″ full version see in Ukrainian. The situation in the Ukrainian society still remains vulnerable to external influence: among the main impulses is the direct threat of military intervention as well as the end to financial and other assistance from the West. Indirect threats include moving of the Ukrainian problems to the background on the world agenda and the appearing of new “hot spots” on the Ukrainian border. The last ones (in particular, the potential reelections in Moldova) allow Russia indirectly influence the internal situation in Ukraine (especially it refers to a safe environment in the Odessa region) without the threat of sanction prolongation for an aggressor-country. New issues of confrontation in the world are inevitable because: a) violence as a means of solving problems is being nowadays popularized; b) some global actors remain interested in provoking new conflicts as well as in getting other countries to be involved in those. Regarding the internal situation in Ukraine, the global attention is attracted by the changing tendency to spreading violence. When in 2014 there was diffusion (spreading violence), then the year 2015 changed its tendency to systematization (consolidation). It is predicted that in 2016 the number of terrorist acts may partially decline. On the other hand, the resonance from committing terrorism may increase, – hybrid wars require that in the first place: the need of further fragmentation (atomization) of a society, the evolving inability to its mobilization and spreading of panic disorder and distrust (to all: starting from a neighbor to the government) in public opinion. It is important that through such actions “Normalization of fear” is imposed on the whole society. But if for passive majority such normalization stimulates inactivity, then for minority it is more like a challenge, motivation for even more violent actions in order to defend their rights. The main objects of terrorist attacks, due to the conception of a hybrid war, are pro-Russian politicians, Russian economic structures on the Ukrainian territory, other organizations and formations that do not have support in Ukrainian society (for example, representatives of different kinds of minorities). Such crimes will not unite a society to increase the role of police, they rather create a “picture” for the Russian media and at the same time they strengthen the panic mood in public opinion. Thus, the threat of terrorist and subversive acts continues to be the leading phobia and the first issue on the agenda in a society. Public opinion also doesn`t allow to integrate state policy. As a rule, none of the prospective government decisions is supported by the majority of the population. And in a similar way there is no clear answer for solving the most important and relevant issues, like the strategies to return the annexed Crimean Peninsula and the occupied territory of Donbas. Thus, more than two-fifths prefer peace negotiations, whereas there is no widely accepted method for regulating these issues for the most people. It proves that the Russian separatist military intervention that lasts more than a year and a half couldn`t create the long-term effect of unity in a society. Considering the impact of public opinion on politicians and widespread rumors about the off-year elections, the lack of common public opinion will affect the behavior of the state leaders. That is why a strategic choice between war and peace will not be probably made soon. So there is a high probability that the situation in the Donbas region will be frozen exactly because of prevailing uncertainty in the population. Moreover, even at the regulatory level Ukraine and Russia admit that military actions in Donbas are more a strategic problem. In other words, the solution of it will require long-term program. In order to prevent this situation Strategy of reconstruction of the territorial integrity should be presented. It should become a roadmap not only for politicians but also for widespread tendencies in a public opinion (that means support of a majority). Furthermore, this strategy will be a signal to the citizens of Ukraine who are forced to live on the occupied territories. They have to understand what to expect after the returning of the Ukrainian government. This will evoke not only patriotic feelings, but also a sense of confidence in their own state. Currently the polarity of public opinion just encourages government officials and deputies to make populist decisions that can only deepen the crisis in the country and in a society. The popularization of violent methods to stimulate political decisions as well as the systematization of the aggressive acts will contribute, in our opinion, to the fact that not only some politicians will create their image using the concept “violence for the public good”, but it can also lead to the formation of deideologized (centrist) political force which will focus on the voters with aggressive intentions. During 2016 Russia will intentionally create other collision issues that would distract the public attention in Russia from the failure to establish the so-called “Russian peace” in Ukraine and from economic problems within the Russian Federation. Moreover, such hot spots would distract the attention of an international community from other problems in the Russia`s area of interests. Solving the problems that were artificially made up by Russia itself would lead to increasing its influence while decreasing its demonization. A further full-scale Russian intervention in Ukraine is nowadays hardly probable. Firstly, it is economically weak, secondly its attention is also turned to a number of “symbolic enemies”: Turkey, IS and Syrian rebels, NATO enlargement, and thirdly particularly because of aggression towards Ukraine, Russia received these sanctions. At the same time the potential risk of intervention is kept, but to open new fronts is dangerous for any country, especially for one economically weak. Moreover, special services within Russia can be activated to search for internal enemies, to intimidate the population and to demobilize its protest moods. It is a big threat to Ukraine, which will result in the ever-increasing flow of refugees from Russia, from the occupied parts of Donbas and Crimea. Meanwhile, the hybrid war against Ukraine will continue with the purpose of provoking further internal conflicts in Ukraine (in political, economic and humanitarian spheres). At the same time such complicated social and economic situation will bring to conflicts in other areas of life, including increase of the crimes and domestic conflicts. An important risk for further conflicts in Ukraine is the lack of the system cooperation with the demobilized fighters. A bloody war life definitely changes people`s values and attitudes. On the one hand, ex-soldiers have to feel that they are in demand in post-war Ukraine (effective employment system, social protection). On the other hand, the long-term state program of psychological rehabilitation should be worked out, which would eradicate aggressive intentions of ex-soldiers. In other words, the life of demobilized people must be filled with positive sense. Another important conclusion: the decrease of aggression rate in society depends on the effectiveness in overcoming polarized thinking. First of all, it is about myths that divide the population on both sides of this conflict. Those about gangster Donbas, about the complete support of the separatists among the local people, on the one hand, and those about fascists, junta and the radical nationalism and the pursuit of Russian-speaking population in Ukraine – on the other hand. Exactly these myths, which are enforced by bloody war events, divide the population. In any case, the return of the territories implies the open dialogue with civilians, who were systematically kept under the manipulative influence of myths. This dialogue will take place under any circumstances: whether a military approach to the return of territories is applied, or through a peaceful way of reintegration. Even the “Croatian variant “, which is now popular among the” hawks “of Ukrainian politicians, implied compromises with the Serbian population on the liberated territories in Croatia. An important task for the government in 2016 and for the upcoming years will be the seizing of the illegal firearms in population. This will be one of the most significant steps to form a secure environment. If no real measures from the government are taken in the nearest future, a lot of weapons, especially those ones that are now in the hands of passive majority will get soon in the hands of criminal gangs and “private armies” (active minority). Therefore, the threats of taking extreme measures to chaotic acts of violence are increasingly getting intentional and resonant meaning (quantity transforms into quality). During the increase of the aggression a society is sensitive to the facts of irresponsibility and, of course, on a psychological level it needs satisfaction. Therefore, bringing to responsibility of those who are guilty for the state and public security violations, – is also among the first issues on the agenda. It is worth mentioning several events that will be crucial for the internal situation in Ukraine. 1. Potential elections on the occupied territories of Donbas. According to the latest data, the elections are to be held in April 2016. Because of the certain protests that are now taking place on the territory of the DIR and the LIR, the separatist support rating is steadily reducing. Therefore, there is a high probability that not only zombieing of local people with myths about Ukrainian threat will be continued for internal total consumption. But also for the ensuring of making the “right” choice armed provocations against the Armed Forces of Ukraine will increase, even active hostilities might start again, and there might be further terrorist acts both on free and on the occupied territory of Ukraine (for the last ones pro-Ukrainian forces will be probably accused). 2. There is a risk of escalation in the internal politics of Ukraine (there is the threat of terrorist attacks as well) and before a consultative referendum in the Netherlands that will take place on 6 April. These escalations will not be related to the situation in Donbas, they will rather refer to an internal political situation – sharpening conflicts among the elites, between population and government. 3. On September 18, 2016 elections to the State Duma of Russia will be held. Taking into account the lack of economic prospects as well as the failure of improving of the social conditions of Russians, “hate speech” is likely to be intensified against those nations, who are negatively taken in a society. It might be as well that victories on the external front should be needed to increase the rating of the ruling party. Among the risks – the further military escalation in Donbas and the “liberation from the junta” of a number of communities. In this sense there might be the escalation of the protests on the territories controlled by Ukraine. The highest risks exist there for such cities like Kharkiv, Odesa, Kyiv and Mariupol. 4. In November 2016 US presidential elections will take place, the results of which will be very important for Ukraine. Firstly, Republicans are more radical than the Democrats in the issue of assistance to Ukraine (including providing Ukraine with the lethal weapons) and tougher in measures towards Russia. In its turn Democrats support the reorientation of the foreign policy from Europe and the Middle East to the Asia-Pacific region. Secondly, during the election campaign Democrats and Republicans might support various competing political parties in Ukraine. In this context the internal political conflicts in our country may even increase, the public manifestations of which had been already observed at the end of 2015. 5. It is difficult to predict the possibility of early parliamentary election in Ukraine. It should be emphasized, however, that any political activity involving great masses of population stimulates also the increase of extremism in a society. Especially when it comes to forming state authorities. 6. Meetings of the international format to implement the Minsk agreements. Traditionally, before such meetings the Russian separatist forces increase their activity, including the number of provocations. Difficult for domestic politics is the total demonization of the enemy and the attributing the blame for all problems to a “hand of Moscow”. This demobilize the political leadership during the process of implementing reforms in Ukraine – as any drawback can always be attributed to an impact of Russian agents. Thus the implementation of any reforms is complicated. The lack of effectiveness of policies is often replaced with their efficiency. This in turn creates reasons for conflicts between “fighters against corruption,” “heroes,” “hopes of the nation.” In the same way the public distrust to the most authorities is increased. The Northern Ireland Peace Process – Lessons for Ukraine. Research Intern of UIRE Bernhard Schneider undertook 3weeks internship at the UIRE. He is currently studying World Politics at the Leiden University College in The Hague. The result of his internship is researching: “The Northern Ireland Peace Process – Lessons for Ukraine”. Full version of researh Looks institutions may not coincide with those of the authors developed by Webkitchen	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line113
__label__wiki	0.528287	0.528287	934-25. Ahmed Abdullah Al-Ghazal Fishing Tools in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 26, 2011 Pet market in Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 26, 2011 Parrots in pet market in Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 26, 2011 Rabbits in pet market in Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 26, 2011 Antique shops in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Cafe in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Kitchenware shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 26, 2011 Alley in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Closed shops in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Carts stored in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Covered passage in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Row of carts stored in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Antique shops in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, April 16, 2011 Fishing nets for sale in an alley of Souq Waqif (market). Doha, Qatar, January 24, 2010 Gallery of Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Architecture of Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Falcon on a perch in Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Mud wall gallery of Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Gates of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Labyrinths of Bird Market (falconry) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Labyrynth of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Courtyard of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Souq Waqif and Spiral mosques, view from Bird Market (Souq Jaidah). Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Falconry accessories for sale in Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Arched passage of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Gates of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif, at evening. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Mud rendered walls of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Falcon perched on a wooden pad in Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Birds Center (falcon sale and accessories) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Arched gate of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif, at evening. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Walls and exposed timber beams of Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Performer in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Restaurants in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 1, 2011 New galleries with exposed timber beams of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Rabbit in pet market in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Face of a kitten in pet market in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Green sea turtles in pet market in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Mud rendered walls and exposed timber beams of Bird Market (falcons) in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Alley in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Red African parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Green parrots pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 African parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Big green parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Kitchenware shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Selling perfumes in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Carts in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Spice shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Souvenir shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Kitchenware store in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Shopping for spices in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Parrot show in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Watch repair in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Chatting at a corner in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Small parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Shopping for parrots in a pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Talking parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Green turtles in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 A woman shopping for perfumes in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Colorful fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Women shopping for watches in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Corner of alleys in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Shopping for green parrots pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Souvenir shops in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Bookkeeping in a fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Antique shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Rows of carts in Souq Waqif (Old Market) at morning. Doha, Qatar, March 29, 2011 Satin fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 Playing a board game of Damah in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, March 24, 2011 Yellow and pink dyed rabbits in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 25, 2011 Green and yellow dyed rabbits in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, March 26, 2011 Falcon Souq in Bird Market in Souq Jaidah behind Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, October 14, 2015 Corridor of Isfahan Gardens (Iranian restaurant) in Souq Waqif (old market). Doha, Qatar, March 18, 2011 Spices in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Kitchenware in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Beans in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Shopping in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Entrance corridor of Isfahan Gardens Iranian Restaurant in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, February 8, 2011 A dining room of Isfahan Gardens (Iranian restaurant) in Souq Waqif (old market). Doha, Qatar, March 18, 2011 Main hall of Isfahan Gardens (Iranian restaurant) in Souq Waqif (old market). Doha, Qatar, March 18, 2011 Perfumes sold in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 African parrot in pet market of Souq Waqif. Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Gummy(?) sold in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Green peas in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Decorations of a dining room of Isfahan Gardens (Iranian restaurant) in Souq Waqif (old market). Doha, Qatar, March 18, 2011 Entrance of main hall of Isfahan Gardens (Iranian restaurant) in Souq Waqif (old market). Doha, Qatar, March 18, 2011 Keeper in a fabric shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Orange lentil seeds in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Camels near Al Koot Fort behind Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 6, 2012 Dried rose buds in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Gummy(?) in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Dry rose buds and petals in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 5, 2013 Dry lemons in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Candy in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Fabric (textiles) shop in Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Dry rose petals(?) in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Sunflower seeds in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Mixed dry stuff in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013 Dry rose hips in spice section of Souq Waqif (Old Market). Doha, Qatar, April 24, 2013	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line116
__label__wiki	0.852797	0.852797	Follow the adventures of Belle, a bright young woman who finds herself in the castle of a prince who's been turned into a mysterious beast. With the help of the castle's enchanted staff, Belle soon learns the most important lesson of all -- that true beauty comes from within. Princess Jasmine grows tired of being forced to remain in the palace and she sneaks out into the marketplace in disguise where she meets street-urchin Aladdin and the two fall in love, although she may only marry a prince. After being thrown in jail, Aladdin and becomes embroiled in a plot to find a mysterious lamp with which the evil Jafar hopes to rule the land. The Swan Princess: Escape from Castle Mountain (1997) The first wedding anniversary of Princess Odette and Prince Derek is distracted by field fires set by Knuckles. His master Clavius, wants to conquer the world, and he needs to capture a giant orb to do that. Clavius kidnaps Queen Uberta and Odette with Derek have to save her. Cinderella II: Dreams Come True (2002) Explore Cinderella's "happily ever after" life as a princess in 3 stories, with help from the Fairy Godmother. First, Cinderella's awkward first days at the palace, when she tried so hard to fit in that she forgot to be herself. Second, how Jaq felt so left out that he wished to be a human. Third, how Cinderella taught one of her nasty step-sisters how to smile which leads to her own true love. Bestowed with superhuman strength, a young mortal named Hercules sets out to prove himself a hero in the eyes of his father, the great god Zeus. Along with his friends Pegasus, a flying horse, and Phil, a personal trainer, Hercules is tricked by the hilarious, hotheaded villain Hades, who's plotting to take over Mount Olympus! When Cinderella's cruel stepmother prevents her from attending the Royal Ball, she gets some unexpected help from the lovable mice Gus and Jaq, and from her Fairy Godmother. Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella (1997) Updated version of the classic Rodgers and Hammerstein musical of the classic fairy-tale, with an all-star, multi-racial cast. The Princess and the Pea (2002) "A truly noble heart is sensitive," says the wise old raven, Sebastian, who pokes, prods and analyzes peas seeking the solution that would save the kingdom of Corazion from the revenge of Laird, the king's brother. As Sebastian seeks to solve the mystery, his friend, Prince Rollo, is searching for a truly sensitive heart in the pedigrees of pampered princesses, until a chance encounter with a kind-hearted peasant girl causes Rollo to ponder where true beauty lies. Can Sebastian discover the answer in time to rescue the kingdom from the cruel schemes of Laird? Join in the quest to reveal the heart of true nobility. The Snow Queen (1957) When the Snow Queen, a lonely and powerful fairy, kidnaps the human boy Kay, his best friend Gerda must overcome many obstacles on her journey to rescue him. The Tale of John and Marie (1980) This became Karel Zeman's final film. Shrek the Halls (2007) The Christmas tree isn't the only thing green in this new holiday classic. Shrek is back and trying to get into the spirit of the season. After promising Fiona and the kids a Christmas they'll remember, he is forced to take a crash course in the holiday. But just when he thinks he has everything for their quiet family Christmas just right, there is a knock at the door. Sleeping Beauty (1955) German-made adaption of the famed Grimm Brothers fairy tale. Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus 3-D (2005) Princess Annika (Barbie) escapes the clutches of the evil wizard, explores the wonders of Cloud Kingdom, and teams up with a magnificent winged horse - who turns out to be her sister, Princess Brietta - to defeat the wizard and break the spells that imprisoned her family. Happily N'Ever After (2006) An alliance of evil-doers, led by Frieda, looks to take over Fairy Tale Land. But when Ella realizes her stepmother is out to ruin her storybook existence, she takes a dramatic turn and blossoms into the leader of the resistance effort. The Swan Princess (1994) As children, Prince Derek and Princess Odette are forced to spend their summers together by their widowed parents, who hope that the two will eventually fall in love and marry, so that the kingdoms of the two will be united. As children and adolescents, Derek and Odette can't stand each other, but as young adults they begin to see each other in a different light and fall in love with each other. B A beautiful girl, Snow White, takes refuge in the forest in the house of seven dwarfs to hide from her stepmother, the wicked Queen. The Queen is jealous because she wants to be known as "the fairest in the land," and Snow White's beauty surpasses her own. Shrek the Third (2007) Shrek and Co, return for more adventures. The King of Far Far Away has died and Shrek and Fiona are to become King & Queen. Shrek however wants to return to his cozy swamp and live in peace and quiet. So when he finds out their is another heir to the throne, they set of to bring him back to rule the kingdom. Meanwhile, Prince Charming enlists the fairy tale baddies to steal the throne away. Fantasia (1940) Fantasia is the adventurous 1940 experiment from Disney. The film sets Disney animated characters to classical music as Mickey Mouse uses his magic wand to set broomsticks dancing in one of the more famous elaborate scenes. The film was groundbreaking in its usage of animation and music and is still considered a masterpiece decades later. Jack and the Beanstalk (1967) A retelling of the popular fairy tale that mixes live action and animation. Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) 'Toon star Roger is worried that his wife Jessica is playing pattycake with someone else, so the studio hires detective Eddie Valiant to snoop on her. But the stakes are quickly raised when Marvin Acme is found dead and Roger is the prime suspect. Shrek Forever After (2010) A bored and domesticated Shrek pacts with deal-maker Rumpelstiltskin to get back to feeling like a real ogre again, but when he's duped and sent to a twisted version of Far Far Awaywhere Rumpelstiltskin is king, ogres are hunted, and he and Fiona have never methe sets out to restore his world and reclaim his true love. Delgo (2008) In a divided land, it takes a rebellious boy and his clandestine love for a Princess of an opposing race to stop a war orchestrated by a power hungry villain. The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) The Wind in the Willows: Concise version of Kenneth Grahame's story of the same name. J. Thaddeus Toad, owner of Toad Hall, is prone to fads, such as the newfangled motor car. This desire for the very latest lands him in much trouble with the wrong crowd, and it is up to his friends, Mole, Rat and Badger to save him from himself. - The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: Retelling of Washington Irving's story set in a tiny New England town. Ichabod Crane, the new schoolmaster, falls for the town beauty, Katrina Van Tassel, and the town Bully Brom Bones decides that he is a little too successful and needs "convincing" that Katrina is not for him. The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993) Tired of scaring humans every October 31 with the same old bag of tricks, Jack Skellington, the spindly king of Halloween Town, kidnaps Santa Claus and plans to deliver shrunken heads and other ghoulish gifts to children on Christmas morning. But as Christmas approaches, Jack's rag-doll girlfriend, Sally, tries to foil his misguided plans. The Rescuers (1977) What can two little mice possibly do to save an orphan girl who's fallen into evil hands? With a little cooperation and faith in oneself, anything is possible! As members of the mouse-run International Rescue Aid Society, Bernard and Miss Bianca respond to orphan Penny's call for help. The two mice search for clues with the help of an old cat named Rufus. A Goofy Movie (1995) When Max makes an preposterous promise to his girlfriend, his chances to fulfilling it seem hopeless when he is dragged onto a cross-country trip with his embarrassing father, Goofy. The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) When Quasi defies the evil Frollo and ventures out to the Festival of Fools, the cruel crowd jeers him. Rescued by fellow outcast the gypsy Esmeralda, Quasi soon finds himself battling to save the people and the city he loves. Enchanted (2007) The beautiful princess Giselle is banished by an evil queen from her magical, musical animated land and finds herself in the gritty reality of the streets of modern-day Manhattan. Shocked by this strange new environment that doesn't operate on a "happily ever after" basis, Giselle is now adrift in a chaotic world badly in need of enchantment. But when Giselle begins to fall in love with a charmingly flawed divorce lawyer who has come to her aid - even though she is already promised to a perfect fairy tale prince back home - she has to wonder: Can a storybook view of romance survive in the real world? In this enchantingly cracked fairy tale, the beautiful Princess Buttercup and the dashing Westley must overcome staggering odds to find happiness amid six-fingered swordsmen, murderous princes, Sicilians and rodents of unusual size. But even death can't stop these true lovebirds from triumphing. Father Frost (1964) A fairy tale about a conceited young man and a young woman with a tyrannical step-mother, who must overcome magical trials in order to be together. Just My Luck (2006) Manhattanite Ashley is known to many as the luckiest woman around. After a chance encounter with a down-and-out young man, however, she realizes that she's swapped her fortune for his. The 10th Kingdom (2000) Two centuries after Snow White and Cinderella had their adventures, the Nine Kingdoms ready themselves for the coronation of Prince Wendel, Snow White's grandson, to the throne of the Fourth Kingdom. But an evil once-queen has freed herself from prison, and turns the prince into a golden retriever. Wendel, by means of a magic mirror, escapes into a hitherto-unknown Tenth Kingdom (modern day New York City) and meets Virginia and her father Tony. Pursued by trolls, cops, and a wolf in man's form, the three blunder back into the Nine Kingdoms and begin their adventures to restore Wendel to his human form and throne, and find the magic mirror that will take Tony and Virginia back home, all the while unknowing that Virginia already has a connection to the Nine Kingdoms that may prove deadly before we reach Happily Ever After. In a faraway kingdom, the king and queen had desired a child of their very own for a long time and when their wish finally came true, they announced a grand celebration at the palace. All of the fairies from the kingdom were invited and immediately named as godmothers for their new child, whose name was Felicity, which means "happiness". Shrek (2001) It ain't easy bein' green -- especially if you're a likable (albeit smelly) ogre named Shrek. On a mission to retrieve a gorgeous princess from the clutches of a fire-breathing dragon, Shrek teams up with an unlikely compatriot -- a wisecracking donkey. The Princess and the Goblin (1992) The story is about the Princess Irene and a young warrior boy named Curty. Irene must use her magic power to fight off goblins and save the kingdom. Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue (2010) During a summer stay on the mainland, TinkerBell is accidentally discovered while investigating a little girl's fairy house. As the other fairies, led by the brash Vidia, launch a daring rescue in the middle of a fierce storm, Tink develops a special bond with the lonely, little girl. Determined to mend the girl's relationship with her distant father, Tink turns away her rescuers in order to help her new human friend risking her own safety and the future of fairykind. Cinderella, the beautiful and kind-hearted ragamuffin who lives with her greedy stepmother and two selfish stepsisters, charms a handsome prince when her fairy godmother sends her to the royal ball. She must leave the ball by midnight before all the magic is gone, but Cinderella has so much fun that she forgets all about the warning, and when she flees the castle she leaves behind one glass slipper. Cinderella, originally released directly to video in 1994, is a 48-minute animated film adapted from the classic fairy tale, "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault. The movie was produced by Jetlag Productions and was distributed to DVD in 2002 by GoodTimes Entertainment as part of their "Collectible Classics" line. On a golden afternoon, young Alice follows a White Rabbit, who disappears down a nearby rabbit hole. Quickly following him, she tumbles into the burrow - and enters the merry, topsy-turvy world of Wonderland! Memorable songs and whimsical escapades highlight Alice's journey, which culminates in a madcap encounter with the Queen of Hearts - and her army of playing cards! The Emperor's Nightingale (1949) Adaptation of a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, about an emperor who prefers the tinkling of a bejeweled mechanical bird to the song of a real nightingale. When the Emperor is near death, the nightingale's song restores his health. Leaving the safety of their nursery behind, Wendy, Michael and John follow Peter Pan to a magical world where childhood lasts forever. But while in Neverland, the kids must face Captain Hook and foil his attempts to get rid of Peter for good. Fantasia 2000 (1999) An update of the original film with new interpretations of great works of classical music. Barbie and the Secret Door (2014) It's the ultimate fairytale musical! Barbie stars as Alexa, a shy princess who discovers a secret door in her kingdom and enters a whimsical land filled with magical creatures and surprises. Inside, Alexa meets Romy and Nori, a mermaid and a fairy, who explain that a spoiled ruler named Malucia is trying to take all the magic in the land. To her surprise, Alexa has magical powers in this world, and her new friends are certain that only she can restore their magic. Discover what happens when Alexa finds the courage to stand up for what's right and learns that the power of friendship is far more precious than magic. The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977) Whether were young or forever young at heart, the Hundred Acre Wood calls to that place in each of us that still believes in magic. Experience the very first time Tigger "pounces" Pooh; laugh out loud when Poohs rumbly tumbly gets him stuck in a hilariously sticky situation. All your favorite Hundred Acre Wood characters come alive in this timeless motion picture. Brave is set in the mystical Scottish Highlands, where Mérida is the princess of a kingdom ruled by King Fergus and Queen Elinor. An unruly daughter and an accomplished archer, Mérida one day defies a sacred custom of the land and inadvertently brings turmoil to the kingdom. In an attempt to set things right, Mérida seeks out an eccentric old Wise Woman and is granted an ill-fated wish. Also figuring into Méridas quest and serving as comic relief are the kingdoms three lords: the enormous Lord MacGuffin, the surly Lord Macintosh, and the disagreeable Lord Dingwall. Tinker Bell (2008) Journey into the secret world of Pixie Hollow and hear Tinker Bell speak for the very first time as the astonishing story of Disney's most famous fairy is finally revealed in the all-new motion picture "Tinker Bell." Brother Bear (2003) When a young Inuit hunter needlessly kills a bear, he is magically changed into a bear himself as punishment with a talkative cub being his only guide to changing back. Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (2009) A blue harvest moon will rise, allowing the fairies to use a precious moonstone to restore the Pixie Dust Tree, the source of all their magic. But when Tinker Bell accidentally puts all of Pixie Hollow in jeopardy, she must venture out across the sea on a secret quest to set things right. When space galleon cabin boy Jim Hawkins discovers a map to an intergalactic "loot of a thousand worlds," a cyborg cook named John Silver teaches him to battle supernovas and space storms. But, soon, Jim realizes Silver is a pirate intent on mutiny! When her father unexpectedly passes away, young Ella finds herself at the mercy of her cruel stepmother and her daughters. Never one to give up hope, Ella's fortunes begin to change after meeting a dashing stranger in the woods. The Princess and the Frog (2009) A waitress, desperate to fulfill her dreams as a restaurant owner, is set on a journey to turn a frog prince back into a human being, but she has to do face the same problem after she kisses him. Barbie: Princess Charm School (2011) Barbie stars as Blair Willows, a kind-hearted girl who is chosen to attend Princess Charm School: a magical, modern place that teaches dancing, how to have tea parties, and proper princess manners. Blair loves her classes -- as well as the helpful magical sprites and her new friends, Princesses Hadley and Isla. But when royal teacher Dame Devin discovers that Blair looks a lot like the kingdoms missing princess, she turns Blairs world upside down to stop her from claiming the throne. Now Blair, Hadley and Delancy must find an enchanted crown to prove Blairs true identity in this charming and magical princess story! Maleficent (2014) The untold story of Disney's most iconic villain from the 1959 classic 'Sleeping Beauty'. A beautiful, pure-hearted young woman, Maleficent has an idyllic life growing up in a peaceable forest kingdom, until one day when an invading army threatens the harmony of the land. Maleficent rises to be the land's fiercest protector, but she ultimately suffers a ruthless betrayal an act that begins to turn her heart into stone. Bent on revenge, Maleficent faces an epic battle with the invading King's successor and, as a result, places a curse upon his newborn infant Aurora. As the child grows, Maleficent realizes that Aurora holds the key to peace in the kingdom - and to Maleficent's true happiness as well. Three Wishes for Cinderella (1973) The film stars Libuse Safrankova as the title character, a young woman who is put upon by her stepmother and stepsisters. The film employs a twist, though, when a handsome prince comes knocking. Cinderella does not simply fall into the prince's arms. In this version, he must actively pursue the young woman who is a skilled sharpshooter prone to wearing hunting outfits. Cinderella also has three wishes at her disposal, gained from three magic nuts. Ella Enchanted (2004) Ella of Frell is given the "gift of obedience" by a fairy, only to realize that it's more of a curse because it could separate her from her true love, Prince Charmont. Will Ella manage to conjure a "cure" that enables her to live happily ever after? Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010) A rogue prince (Jake Gyllenhaal) reluctantly joins forces with a mysterious princess (Gemma Arterton) and together, they race against dark forces to safeguard an ancient dagger capable of releasing the Sands of Timea gift from the gods that can reverse time and allow its possessor to rule the world. Based on the action-adventure video game of the same name. Ordinary Miracle (1978) A wizard invents characters who all come to life and start to arrive at his house: a King, his servants, a princes, a bear trapped in a man's body - the usual lot. The Plot mainly rotates around the bear, who the wizard had turned into a man. The Bear, who wishes to be a bear once again, can turn into his old self if he were to kiss a princess. It gets complicated when he falls in love with that princess, that arrived at the wizard's house. For how can they be together, if a single kiss will destroy their love? Lovestruck: The Musical (2013) Lovestruck: The Musical: Tells the story of Harper (Jane Seymour), one of the best dancers to hit Broadway. But an injury caused her to leave the spotlight, become a choreographer, and raise her daughter, Mirabella (Sara Paxton). When Mirabella, the star of Harper's next big production, decides to quit the show to get married, her mother is determined to put a stop to the wedding and show Mirabella that she cannot give up her career for love, especially to marry playboy Marco (Alexander DiPersia). One Touch of Venus (1948) Fantasy comedy about a young window dresser who kisses a statue of Venus, which then comes to life in the form of Ava Gardner. The problems begin, however, when Venus falls in love with him. Snow White: A Tale of Terror (1997) Based somewhat more authentically on the Grimm Brothers' story of a young woman who is unliked by her stepmother, the film includes the talking mirror, a poisoned apple, and some ruffian gold (not diamond) miners (and they aren't dwarfs or cute). It takes place at the time of the Crusades, and depicts the attitudes of the wealthy and the peasant classes toward one another. Written by BOB STEBBINS With his eye on a lovely aristocrat, a gifted illusionist named Eisenheim uses his powers to win her away from her betrothed, a crowned prince. But Eisenheim's scheme creates tumult within the monarchy and ignites the suspicion of a dogged inspector.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line119
__label__wiki	0.814232	0.814232	Remembering Our Origins: A Salute to the Morris County Central Railroad Copyright 2000 by Steven P. Hepler The predecessor organization of the Whippany Railway Museum was the Morris County Central Railroad Museum, which operated from 1965 to 1973 in conjunction with the steam-powered weekend excursion trains of the MORRIS COUNTY CENTRAL RAILROAD (MCC). Though separate from the for-profit, commercial venture of the Morris County Central Railroad, the non-profit museum was able to enhance visitors' experiences by giving an educational, hands-on look at railroad operations and history, in addition to the nostalgic train excursions offered by the MCC. The Morris County Central Railroad was the first standard gauge, historic preservation railroad in New Jersey. It was also one of the earliest operations of its kind in the United States. The idea of running steam-powered excursion trains on a regular basis in the Northern New Jersey area was born in the mind of a New Jersey aerospace technician named Earle Richard Henriquez-Gil in the late 1950's when conventional steam railroad operations were fading fast from the North American scene. Gil was born on December 24, 1928, the same year that the Morristown & Erie Railroad finally discontinued its passenger service between Morristown, Whippany and Essex Fells, NJ. Earle's life-long fascination with trains apparently came from his father, Carlos, who was the Export Manager for the A.C. Gilbert Company, makers of the legendary American Flyer model trains, and the equally famous Erector Sets. Photos from the late 1930's show a young Earle, sitting at the controls of his extensive American Flyer layout that was built in the attic of the family home, 'Thornwood Farms,' once located at 4 Whippany Road in Morristown, NJ. After marrying in 1950, Earle and his young family would travel throughout Canada and the Southeastern United States during the late 1950s and early 1960s. This was, in part, an effort to witness and document on film the final steam-powered operations of the large Canadian roads and the unique American shortline railroads that hauled coal, lumber and agricultural products through the rural areas they served. In 1959, while visiting the Virginia Blue Ridge Railway (VBR) in Piney River, VA, Earle and his son climbed into the cab of rusting VBR locomotive No. 6 that was parked on a weed-grown siding... forlornly sleeping out her final days. Earle stated that "this engine will never run again." After photographing the engine, they left the property and eventually went home to New Jersey. Virginia Blue Ridge No. 6 was originally built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, PA in November 1907 for the Southern Railway as their No. 385. The locomotive was a classic, early 20th Century 2-8-0 “Consolidation” H-4 Class, fast-freight engine. It had come to the Virginia shortline in 1952 where she labored in freight service for several more years before being retired. ->Next Page->	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line120
__label__cc	0.577682	0.422318	Biography – GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, LOUIS-JOSEPH – Volume IV (1771-1800) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography EN:UNDEF:public_sidebar_new_caption EN:UNDEF:public_sidebar_new_description EN:UNDEF:public_sidebar_updated_caption EN:UNDEF:public_sidebar_updated_description EN:UNDEF:public_sidebar_bio_of_the_day_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_conferences_1864_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_conferences_1864_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_essays_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_essays_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_acadians_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_acadians_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_explorers_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_explorers_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_war_of_1812_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_war_of_1812_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_wartime_pms_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_wartime_pms_description EN:UNDEF:public_special_ww1_caption EN:UNDEF:public_special_ww1_description GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, LOUIS-JOSEPH, keeper of stores, king’s attorney, seigneur, and merchant; baptized 27 March 1712 at Trois-Rivières (Que.), son of René Godefroy* de Tonnancour and Marguerite Ameau; d. 15 May 1784 at Trois-Rivières. Louis-Joseph Godefroy de Tonnancour began to make his mark in the Trois-Rivières region in 1730, when the chief road commissioner (grand voyer), Jean-Eustache Lanoullier* de Boisclerc, chose him as his clerk. The following year he was entrusted with the duties of king’s storekeeper, a post he retained along with that of king’s attorney for the jurisdiction of Trois-Rivières which he received on 1 April 1740. He had also succeeded his father as apostolic syndic for the Recollets of Trois-Rivières in 1738. Godefroy de Tonnancour inherited from his father the seigneury of Pointe-du-Lac, on which he tried to build a village for nomadic Indians. Visiting Canada in 1752, the military engineer Louis Franquet* took note of this undertaking, indicating that it involved “houses all built alike and laid out in straight lines; there were already nine of them.” Five more fiefs were added to Godefroy de Tonnancour’s properties in the Trois-Rivières region – Labadie, Yamaska, Roquetaillade, Godefroy, and Île-Marie. In addition, Godefroy de Tonnancour achieved recognition as a merchant. Having been a supplier to the state in the 1740s, for shipbuilding among other things, he was one of three people granted a licence in 1760 for “sedentary trade” in Trois-Rivières and the surrounding area. About 1760 the Hotel-Dieu of Quebec borrowed 9,600 livres from him, and Bishop Pontbriand [Dubreil] 9,000 livres. Godefroy de Tonnancour remained in Canada after the Seven Years’ War, and he continued to be active under the new régime. Thus, from 16 March to 30 April 1764 he sat as commissioner for the registration of Canada paper, along with Jean-Baptiste Perrault and René-Ovide Hertel de Rouville. He declared that he had over 150,000 livres of it in his own possession, more than any of his fellow merchants claimed; he lost a great deal of it at the time of the settlement of paper money by the king of France [see Alexandre-Robert Hillaire de La Rochette; Bernard Cardeneau]. In March 1769 Governor Guy Carleton* recommended him as a member of the Legislative Council, but he was not appointed. During the American invasion in 1775–76 [see Richard Montgomery] Godefroy de Tonnancour showed his loyalty to George III. Having been appointed a colonel of militia on 7 Sept. 1775, he tried to overcome the desire of the inhabitants of Trois-Rivières to remain neutral; in this effort he was aided by the notary Jean-Baptiste Badeaux. When the Americans occupied the town in February 1776, Godefroy de Tonnancour was the only militia officer who refused to hand over his commission, alleging that it was “something that belonged to him and formed part of his property.” In the face of the enemy’s intransigence, however, he had to give in. On 11 Feb. 1740 at Trois-Rivières Godefroy de Tonnancour had married a former captive of the Indians, Mary Scamen (Scammon), and they had four children. On 2 Nov. 1749 in Quebec he took as his second wife Louise Carrerot, daughter of André Carrerot*; the couple had 12 children. All his life Godefroy de Tonnancour maintained ties with the leading citizens of Trois-Rivières. An important local figure, he was able to adapt to the change of régime and to win the good will of both Governor Haldimand and Bishop Briand. Frances Caissie AN, Col., C11A, 57, pp.40–41 (PAC transcripts). ANQ-MBF, État civil, Catholiques, Immaculée-Conception (Trois-Rivières), 27 mars 1712, 11 févr. 1740, 17 mai 1784; Greffe de Paul Dielle, 26 mars 1766; Greffe de Jean Leproust, 15 mars, 3, 17 mai 1756; Greffe de Louis Pillard, 9 sept. 1749, 7 mars 1755, 15 mai 1764; Greffe de H.-O. Pressé, 11 févr. 1740. ANQ-Q, État civil, Catholiques, Notre-Dame de Québec, 2 nov. 1749; Greffe de Claude Barolet, 26 oct. 1749. [J.-B. Badeaux], “Journal des opérations de l’armée américaine, lors de l’invasion du Canada en 1775–76, par M. J. B. Badeaux, notaire de la ville des Trois-Rivières,” Revue canadienne (Montréal), VII (1870), 186–202, 267–76, 329–45. Le Jeune, Dictionnaire, II 721. P.-G. Roy, Inv. concessions, I, 154, 289; II, 48, 126, 254, 268; III, 147, 263–64; IV, 117; Inv. Procès-verbaux des grands voyers, V, 155–56. Tanguay, Dictionnaire, IV, 314. Coleman, New England captives, II, 147–48. Alexandre Dugré, La Pointe-du-Lac (Trois-Rivières, 1934). Jouve, Les franciscains et le Canada: aux Trois-Rivières. Cameron Nish, Les bourgeois-gentilshommes de la Nouvelle-France, 1729–1748 (Montréal et Paris, 1968), 58, 65–67, 113, 141, 147, 152, 178. P.-G. Roy, La famille Godefroy de Tonnancour (Lévis, Qué., 1904), 50–51, 82. Sulte, Mélanges historiques (Malchelosse), II, 79; XI, 29; XVIII, 39, 58. M. Trudel, L’Église canadienne, II, 98, 270, 406; Le Régime militaire, 11–15, 18, 22, 25–27, 75, 120, 146. Agriculture – Seigneurs Office Holders – French Régime Armed Forces – British – Militia: officers Business – British Régime – Quebec and the Canadas Business – French Régime – Canada CARLETON, GUY, 1st Baron DORCHESTER (Vol. 5)GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, RENÉ (Vol. 2)MONTGOMERY, RICHARD (Vol. 4)BADEAUX, JEAN-BAPTISTE (Vol. 4)BRIAND, JEAN-OLIVIER (Vol. 4)CARDENEAU, BERNARD (Vol. 3)CARREROT, ANDRÉ (Vol. 3)DUBREIL DE PONTBRIAND, HENRI-MARIE (Vol. 3)More FRANQUET, LOUIS (Vol. 3)HALDIMAND, Sir FREDERICK (Vol. 5)HERTEL DE ROUVILLE, RENÉ-OVIDE (Vol. 4)HILLAIRE DE LA ROCHETTE, ALEXANDRE-ROBERT (Vol. 4)LANOULLIER DE BOISCLERC, JEAN-EUSTACHE (Vol. 3)CHARTIER DE LOTBINIÈRE, MICHEL-EUSTACHE-GASPARD-ALAIN (Vol. 6)COFFIN, THOMAS (1762-1841) (Vol. 7)CUGNET, FRANÇOIS-JOSEPH (Vol. 4)GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, CHARLES-ANTOINE (1755-98) (Vol. 4)GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, JOSEPH-MARIE (Vol. 6)GUGY, CONRAD (Vol. 4)MAILLOU, BENJAMIN-NICOLAS (Vol. 5)MARIE (Vol. 3)POUGET, JEAN-BAPTISTE-NOËL (Vol. 5)POULIN DE COURVAL, LOUIS-JEAN (Vol. 3)SALES LATERRIÈRE, PIERRE DE (Vol. 5) DUBREIL DE PONTBRIAND, HENRI-MARIE HERTEL DE ROUVILLE, RENÉ-OVIDE CARLETON, GUY, 1st Baron DORCHESTER MONTGOMERY, RICHARD HALDIMAND, Sir FREDERICK BRIAND, JEAN-OLIVIER SALES LATERRIÈRE, PIERRE DE CHARTIER DE LOTBINIÈRE, MICHEL-EUSTACHE-GASPARD-ALAIN GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, JOSEPH-MARIE CUGNET, FRANÇOIS-JOSEPH EN:UNDEF:public_citation_style_default Information to be used in other citation formats Permalink: http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/godefroy_de_tonnancour_louis_joseph_4E.html Author of Article: Frances Caissie Title of Article: GODEFROY DE TONNANCOUR, LOUIS-JOSEPH Publication Name: EN:UNDEF:public_citation_publication, vol. 4 Publication Details: EN:UNDEF:public_citation_publisher, 1979	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line121
__label__wiki	0.513041	0.513041	Plans to be considered in Bournemouth for transformational shared economic and residential space Plans drawn up by Bournemouth Development Company for the redevelopment of the Cotlands Road and York Road car parks located in the business district of Lansdowne will be considered next week by Bournemouth Borough Council’s Cabinet. As part of Bournemouth Council’s Town Centre Vision, the Lansdowne is a priority location for investment and job creation. The aim is to create a vibrant and enterprising space where businesses and local people can mix and thrive. The proposal for the site, which will include a significant proportion of employment space, is part of a mixed-use scheme to include: new office accommodation new residential apartments retail and café spaces private and re-provided public car parking, and public and private open spaces. The proposal will make the most of the Tall Building zone of the Lansdowne to deliver at scale, set around high-quality public and private spaces. The mix of office and residential accommodation will regenerate the area, creating an attractive place to visit and supporting the new retail and commercial businesses. Cllr John Beesley, Leader of Bournemouth Borough Council, said: “The Lansdowne has recently benefitted with significant investment from the commercial and education sectors. This exciting scheme seeks to build on that success. The mix of office and residential accommodation will bring new businesses and residents into the area, creating a 24-hour living economy and the enhanced public realm will make this an attractive area in which to spend quality time.” Cllr Philip Broadhead, Cabinet Member for Economic Growth, Bournemouth Borough Council, added: “By re-providing all of the public parking into new, modern multi-story complexes, we are able to unlock this exciting site which will help to furnish Bournemouth’s rapidly growing economy. Drawing together a mixed scheme including businesses, homes and other uses enables this to be a vital part of the regeneration of this key location.” “We are pleased to have submitted the initial stage of the plans for the Cotlands Road and York Road development in Lansdowne, and look forward to the Council Cabinet discussing the scheme. “If approved at this stage, the scheme will provide a range of vibrant and innovative business premises combined with high quality housing and re-provided public parking, which will help to boost the economy and regenerate the whole Lansdowne area.” The proposed scheme is aligned with Bournemouth Council’s ongoing strategy to improve the town centre and make it a place where people want to live, work and visit. A number of projects have already been brought forward by Bournemouth Development Company and approved by the Bournemouth Council Cabinet, including the Winter Garden scheme, which received planning permission in November 2018, and several schemes which have been completed, such as Berry Court. A Yammayap of Poole website design	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line123
__label__wiki	0.633243	0.633243	Speech team gathers $2K for Peoria food bank By Vickie Berkow on November 9, 2012 This year marks the 65th annual Bradley University Norton Speech Invitational, and the odds happen to be in the Peoria Area Food Bank’s favor. The Bradley Speech Team held the tournament last weekend, hosting more than 700 students, coaches and alumni from 47 competing schools. This is the second year the speech team has organized a fundraiser to coincide with the tournament, and team member AJ Curry said $2,787 was raised for the food bank. “I could not be happier with how well [the fundraiser] went,” Curry said. “To be able to raise more than $2,000 in two days is phenomenal. Not only did we double the amount of money we raised last year, but the Bradley Speech Team got the opportunity to give back to our community.” Each year, the speech team picks a theme for the annual invitational, and this year they decided on the Hunger Games. The tournament has been dubbed the “Norton Games” in honor of Dr. L.E. Norton, former director of forensics and chairperson for the Department of Communications. The team first hosted the L.E. Norton Invitational in 1947. “The food bank was a fitting choice because the theme of this year’s tournament was a spin-off of the Hunger Games,” said Ken Young, current Director of Forensics. “The team sought to raise about $250 for the food bank, but the overwhelming desire to keep representative tributes ‘alive’ via donations resulted in the speech team raising more than 10 times the initial goal.” To fit the theme, the schools were divided into different circuits, or “districts,” based on region. Each district then elected a representative, or a “tribute”, to participate in the Norton Games. Tributes were kept “alive” through donations. The last two tributes alive, based on who had the most amount of donations, battled it out in costumes, running around campus and asking for last-minute donations. Flags with a specific circuits’ number could be bought for $1, or a Mockingjay pin, a popular symbol in the Hunger Games books, for $3. The last tributes “alive” were from Minnesota State University, Mankato, and Illinois State University. Illinois State’s Mike Tristano was the final winner of the fundraiser, raising $806. Western Kentucky University, Tallahassee Community College and North Central College were all winners of the speech tournament aspect of the invitational. Curry said because Bradley hosts the large tournament, all team members had to help manage the event and could not compete. “The team and our fantastic coaches helped the entire event run smoothly, and both the Bradley team, as well as all the competitors, coaches, judges and alumni had a great time,” she said. Young said he is proud of the team’s effort. “I am very pleased with the fundraising done by the team for the Peoria Food Bank,” he said. “Much like everything this team does, the students want to exceed expectations and be the best.” Despite not competing, Curry said the team made an impact with the fundraiser. “Speech is an activity which focuses on making a difference with the power of our words,” she said. “Every week we advocate for change and speak for those who can’t speak for themselves. So when we get the opportunity to make a difference and help those who need it, we take advantage of it, and we hope to continue to do so for a long, long time” More from NewsMore posts in News » Bradley will start the spring semester with campus quarantine Robbery reported at Bradley Avenue ‘No homework days’ to be implemented in the spring semester A semester of unrest: Bradley’s spring of 1990 More from UncategorizedMore posts in Uncategorized » Rank my drink: Campustown bubble teas COVID-19 positivity rate sees slight increase, but numbers stay consistent What’s new in the Apple world How is the Scout staff doing during quarantine?	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line124
__label__wiki	0.621986	0.621986	Centrists Be In The Center Of The Action Packers RB Brandon Jackson gets shot with Ryan Grant out Author Sporting News NFL Feed RSSPosted on September 15, 2010 Categories NFL Previous Previous post: Ray Lewis avoids former coach Rex Ryan Next Next post: Broncos trade for New Patriots running back Laurence Maroney MLB trade rumors: Which players could be dealt next? We rank 44 of ’em for you NationalsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Trea Turner apologizes for Ã¢â‚¬ËœinsensitiveÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ old tweets Roquan Smith’s holdout with Bears over helmet contact rule, report says Former MLB players say labor battle may loom, recall their own divisive issues Ndamukong Suh: Aaron Donald ‘deserves more than what I got’ How James Shields changed his delivery to change his luck MLB trade tracker: Completed deals heading into July 31 deadline MLB trade deadline 2018: Date, time, what to know The MLB trade deadline through the eyes, minds of players MLB trade rumors: Jays look to deal closer Roberto Osuna Interested in getting MLB Tickets for this coming season? The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of the Bronx, in New York City, New York and are a member of Major League Baseball's American League East Division. Get your New York Yankees Tickets today! The Baltimore Orioles Tickets are a professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. Since 1992, the Orioles have played their home games at Oriole Park at Camden Yards. New York Mets Tickets: The New York Mets are a professional baseball team based in the borough of Queens in New York City, New York. The Mets are a member of the East Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The Minnesota Twins are an American professional baseball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and play in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Get your Minnesota Twins Tickets today! The Toronto Blue Jays Tickets are a professional baseball team located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. The Seattle Mariners Tickets are looking to be a good team this year. Detroit Tigers Tickets: The Detroit Tigers are a Major League Baseball team based in Detroit, Michigan. One of the American League's eight charter franchises. The Philadelphia Phillies Tickets are a Major League Baseball team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating to 1883. One of the biggest games of the season are the Phillies Red Sox Tickets. Another long time rival in the same state is Phillies Pirates Tickets. The Chicago White Sox Tickets are a Major League Baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The White Sox play in the American League's Central Division. The Atlanta Braves Tickets are a professional baseball team based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Braves are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The Texas Rangers are a professional baseball team in Texas, representing the Dallas-Ft.Worth metropolitan area. Get your Texas Rangers Tickets today! San Diego Padres Tickets: The San Diego Padres are a Major League Baseball team based in San Diego, California. Tampa Bay Rays Tickets: The Rays are a member of the Eastern Division of MLB's American League. Since their inception in 1998, the club has played at Tropicana Field. The Florida Marlins were established in 1993 as an expansion franchise, the Florida Marlins Tickets are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. San Francisco Giants Tickets are a Major League Baseball team based in San Francisco, California, who currently play in the National League West Division. The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland Indians Tickets are in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Centrists Proudly powered by WordPress	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line128
__label__cc	0.509768	0.490232	Authors: Promote Your Book Free UK eBooks Free eBook Filters Do not show erotica Show erotica Literature & Fiction+ Anthologies & Literature Collections Religious & Inspirational Fiction Genre Fiction+ Mystery, Thriller & Suspense+ Romance+ Science Fiction & Fantasy+ Nonfiction+ Children's eBooks+ Science Fiction, Fantasy & Scary Stories Arts & Photography+ Comics & Graphic Novels+ Single Issue Comics Computers & Technology+ Systems Analysis & Design Cookbooks, Food & Wine+ Crafts, Hobbies & Home+ Health, Fitness & Dieting+ Humor & Entertainment+ Movies & Video Parenting & Relationships+ Professional & Technical+ Professional Science Religion & Spirituality+ Self-Help+ Memory Improvement Teen & Young Adult+ Amazon Only Amazon and Smashwords Smashwords Only Include Books New Since My Last Visit Free Today for the First Time (in the last 30 days) Newest, then by Ranking Books Per Page 30 Books Per Page 120 Books Per Page Verbose Length / Type Free eBooks of Paperback books Save These Filter Settings All of the filters are bookmarkable too, so you can also bookmark any page and the filter settings will be kept when you return to the bookmark Free Kindle eBooks \| Mythology & Folk Tales \| Showing Free eBook 1-30 of 935 See YOUR eBook promoted here. Click here for details FOU: TIL DEATH DO US PART by ANGEL WILLIAMS Summer and Abella grew up in a small town outside of New Orleans with a secret gift. After the death of their best friend, they are taking the southern life by force as they search for her killer and try to find true love on their own. For Summer, love comes naturally, while Abella uses her gift to obtain the fairytale love life she always wanted.As you delve into the pages of this tale of friendship and desire, you'll be reminded of the warning to be careful what you ask for, and be careful who you use your gift on. Both girls learn this lesson the hard and deadly way.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales Size: 187 pages Free eBook download for Kindle from 16 January 2021 onward PDT/PST Childrens Book: My Little Piggies With Wings (Baby Birds): A children's story about rescued baby birds by Gloria Guerrero This story is about baby birds that have fallen out of their nests, rescued and nurtured with a lot of compassion and love. Genre: Children's eBooks, Animals, Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths, Crafts, Hobbies & Home, Animal Care & Pets, Literature & Fiction, Short Stories, Mythology & Folk Tales, Nonfiction, Sports & Outdoors, Outdoors & Nature, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Science & Math, Nature & Ecology, Children's Nonfiction, Single Authors The French Love Pastry and Her Tale in the Sand: A Dip into the Byblos Foretold Novaplex by M.E. Meegs Once upon a time, on the north coast of France, a callipygian chambermaid set her sights on a rich American with a fetish. It’s the spring of 1903, and the coy Nicole—intoxicated by a combination of youthful infatuation and ageless avarice—puts all her most promising parts to work. But it’s not by her comely tail she’ll win this learned lad’s heart, for his obsession runs deeper—or, at least, further down…. Reminiscent of the tales comprising The Decameron, this singular story recounts yet another skirmish in the age-old battle of the sexes, and then betters Boccaccio by adding a pair of instructive morals, à la: If you lead him by the nose, be sure to check the porridge for parts. For more information on the novaplex, please visit: ByblosForetol... Genre: Humor & Entertainment, Literature & Fiction, Humor & Satire, Literary Fiction, Short Stories, Mythology & Folk Tales, Romance, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Humor, Romantic Comedy, Historical, Literary Humor, Mystery, Thriller & Suspense, Sagas, Satire, Fairy Tales, Single Authors Sasquatch Profiler by Daniel L. Simmons Genre: Children's eBooks, Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths, Literature & Fiction, Humor & Satire, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, General Humor The Elf & the Shoemaker: A Not So Grim Short Story (The NeverLands Saga) by Andi Lawrencovna Once upon a time, in a small shop sitting at the corner of the street, lived a cobbler, praying for a salvation she never knew she needed. It just so happened that at that moment, there was an elf, looking for the same...Some stories were born to be retold, and some stories are the start of fairy tales waiting to be rewritten...... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Fairy Tales Welcome Home: Historic Romance of the Celtic Legends From the romantic history of Scottish Highlander outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor to the tragedy of Bonnie Prince Charlie's last Jacobite Rising, the courage of Flora MacDonald, and the swashbuckling Irish story of Morty Óg O'Sullivan, WELCOME HOME is a tapestry of the great historical conflicts between England and the Celtic nations. Along the way, there are stops through little known incidents that bring Henry VIII, Bloody Mary, Mary Queen of Scots, Elizabeth I, and other historical figures roaring to the page, together with stories, music, and recipes that will immerse readers into the historic battles between towering personalities.Whether you love historical romance, legends, or the history of Scotland and Ireland, read it through from cover to cover or jump around via the table of contents.... Genre: History, Literature & Fiction, Historical Fiction, World Literature, Mythology & Folk Tales, Irish Seeds of War (The Lilboox Mahabharata Book 1) by Somdip Datta Lilboox presents the epic Mahabharata in a graphic novel format, enriched with many maps and vivid character portrayals. This volume covers the origin of the Kuru and Panchala kingdoms, the early history of the Kuru Kings, and the inspiring story of the river’s son. In Kuru the rivalry between cousins rears an ugly head, while in Panchala an enraged King seeks vengeance.... Genre: Comics & Graphic Novels, Graphic Novels, Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Religion & Spirituality, Hinduism, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Single Issue Comics Size: Unknown Justice for Mackenzie (Badge of Honor: Texas Heroes Book 1) by Susan Stoker A member of the famed Texas Rangers, Daxton Chambers has dealt with more than his share of depravity. But the Lone Star Reaper takes evil to a whole new level, kidnapping and burying women alive. It's Dax's job to help keep San Antonio safe, but even with help from friends in various law enforcement agencies, the killer remains two steps ahead. It's hardly the ideal time for a relationship, but Mackenzie Morgan is too luscious to resist. Dax wants her--which makes her an instant target for his newfound enemy. When the Reaper gets personal, it will take every ounce of Daxton's considerable skill and training to keep Mack alive. **Justice for Mackenzie is the 1st book in the Badge of Honor: Texas Heroes Series. Each book is a stand-alone, with no cliffhanger ending... Genre: Arts & Photography, Individual Artists, Fashion, Biographies & Memoirs, Memoirs, Professionals & Academics, Business & Investing, Industries & Professions, Personal Finance, Children's eBooks, Arts, Music & Photography, Computers & Technology, History, Literature & Fiction, Comics & Graphic Novels, Mysteries & Detectives, Geography & Cultures, Biographies, Holidays & Celebrations, Sports & Outdoors, Manga, Databases, Microsoft, Software, Cookbooks, Food & Wine, Cooking by Ingredient, Culinary Arts & Techniques, Drinks & Beverages, Mea The Firethorn Crown (Firethorn Chronicles Book 1) by Lea Doué The crown is her strength. The crown is her weakness.Princess Lily, the eldest of twelve sisters and heir to a mighty kingdom, desperately seeks a break from her mother's matchmaking. Tradition forbids marriage with the man Lily loves, so she would rather rule alone than marry someone who only wants the crown.Fleeing an overzealous suitor, Lily stumbles into a secret underground kingdom where she and her sisters encounter a mysterious sorcerer-prince and become entangled in a curse that threatens the safety of her family and her people. Lily can free them, but the price for freedom may be more than she's willing to pay.The Firethorn Crown, a re-imagining of The Twelve Dancing Princesses, is the first novel in The Firethorn Chronicles, a series inspired by fairy tales and other classic stor... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Teen & Young Adult Hell for the Holidays (The Hell Chronicles Book 0) by Tina Glasneck No one begins life as a queen. Before she was Lady Hel, Queen of Helheim, and goddess of the dead, she was just Hel, daughter of Loki, and a giantess, Angrboda.Find out how it all began in Hell for the Holidays. A Queen is not born, she is created.This is a short story prequel.Other books in the series include:HellishHellbentHelltownHellboundHellraiser (coming soon)... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Horror, Dark Fantasy, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy Steampunk Fairy Tales by Leslie Anderson A toyshop owner builds a set of magic clockwork dolls that delight a factory town. A three-inch tall samurai faces a giant iron ogre with only a sewing needle and a coin. A scientist seeks an antidote to his formula gone wrong, with the help of his partner’s beautiful daughter. All of these stories and more are included in Steampunk Fairy Tales. Written by authors from three different continents, every enchanting tale combines the futuristic Victorian concept of steam and fashion with memorable stories, from the recognizable “Jack and the Beanstalk”, to other popular and unfamiliar works from Germany, France, Italy and Japan. With steam driven gadgets such as mechanical goggles, hoverboards, and an orchestra of automatons. Steampunk Fairy Tales is a charmin... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Fairy Tales From the oceans to Akasha by Rose Cross A fast-paced journey of discovery around the world in search of answers to 5 key questions that will unlock a secret. No one has managed to answer all 5 questions correctly. Can you?... Genre: Children's eBooks, Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths, Education & Reference, Literature & Fiction, Contemporary Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Nonfiction, Politics & Social Sciences, Philosophy, Religion & Spirituality, Christianity, Religious & Inspirational Fiction, Occult, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Children's Nonfiction, Teen & Young Adult, Christian Death at the Olympian by Ed Bemand Will anyone make it out alive when death comes to the Olympian?After offering a lift to a pretty girl, Rich finds himself obliged to attend a gathering of her old, rich and very peculiar family and gets caught up in their strange rituals and strained relationships.When someone dies, people look for the killer in their midst. Tensions boil over as the bodies pile-up and Rich faces suspicion and accusation, but he already has a lot of experience with death and his own ties to the family.This tale of family, betrayal and very old grudges is the latest novel from Ed Bemand, author of works including Beheld, Sinful Submissions and Rebecca’s Story.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Contemporary Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Mystery, Thriller & Suspense, Mystery, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy The Adventure Of Sindbad \| Sindbad Stories From The Arabian Nights by Kanaga Sajeev The Adventure Of Sindbad \| Sindbad Stories From The Arabian Nights _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________CHECK OUR BOOKS ON AMAZONhttps://www.amazon.com/s?k=kanaga+sajeev&rh=n%3A154606011&ref=is_s_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ENGLISH STORIES-----------------------------------✔ AKBAR AND BIRBAL STORY BOOKS FOR KIDS✔ Aladdin And The Magic Lamp \| Bedtime Stories For Kids✔ Alif Laila 1001 Arabian Nights Stories Full Collection✔ Chicken Recipes Cookbook✔ Educational stories \| Story books for kids✔ FUNNY STORIES FOR KIDS \| TRY NOT TO LAUG... Mortiswood Kaelia Awakening (Mortiswood Tales Book 1) by Gina Dickerson “They’ve been waiting lifetimes for you, Kaelia. They want you and will stop at nothing to have you.” The warning’s rung in Kaelia’s ears since she discovered she’s far from the ordinary girl who grew up in the coastal town of Margate. She has power. The first time she shows it, death strikes, the second, she loses someone special, and on the third, her mother disappears. Destiny is coming for Kaelia and there’s nowhere she can hide. THEY have stepped out of the shadows to find her. For generations, there have been whispers of The Chosen One. They speak of a name - Marrock - whose destiny entwines with that of The Chosen One. Kaelia must avenge the wrongs, uncover who Marrock is, find her mother, and ... FIGHT. Genre: Literature & Fiction, Horror, Dark Fantasy, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Teen & Young Adult, Mythology SOLDIER KING: LEVEL SYSTEM by JEON CHONGEUM Roan who ran away 20 years ago from the rural village in the aim of becoming a Great General who will rule the world.However, all he got 20 years later was just a handful of money and a low position that is a 1st legion’s spearman.At the end, he becomes a cold corpse in the battlefield.But somehow, he came back in the past.“Alright. This time, I won’t become a Great General but a Monarch.”His previous life’s aim was becoming a Great General.Actually, he only became a spearman.This time, his life’s aim is becoming the Monarch.“Then I guess I’d become at least a general, right?”Roan who remembers what happened the 20 years.Now starts his unstoppable march in becoming a Monarch.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Action & Adventure, Fantasy, Romance I GOT REINCARNATED!: IMMORTALITY GOD V1 Lingyun’s body takeover fails and the Earth’s ending draws near. From a city, he cultivates, one step at a time to rise against heaven.Cultivating both the Buddhist and the Demon’s path! Dantian holding true dragons! Having the ancient Dragon G.o.d’s bloodline, along with the ancient legacy of the 3 emperors! Lingyun battles both heaven and earth, executing demons and killing devils, cultivating against heaven’s will!He comes from the world of cultivation.He crushes the martial way and throws it off into the abyss!Lingyun, a fierce and savage cultivation genius takes over a dead teenager’s body. Coincidentally, they are both named Lingyun. Set in an alternate version of the 21st century, teenager Lingyun has been killed by someone with a grudge.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Action & Adventure, Romance 2002 Lesser Known Tales From The Mahabharata: Volume 5 by Sharath Komarraju An ocean of stories. Now at your fingertips.The Mahabharata is the world's longest epic. It contains within it numerous fables, anecdotes and pieces of practical wisdom that make up what we today call Indian culture.Two thousand tales from this ocean of Vedic literature are now being retold for your reading pleasure. Crisp, comprehensive, contextual.In Volume 5 you will find stories such as:- The Sage who Sucked on Indra's finger- Rishyasringa, the Hind-born Human- Ashtavakra, the Crooked Brahmin- The Pandavas' Adventures in Kailasa- How Yudhishthir Rescues Bhima from a SerpentAnd many more. Whether you're a casual reader of mythology or a die-hard fanatic, this is a must-read.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Short Stories, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Mythology, Single Authors Septet Legends: The war between light and darkness begins! by Justin McDonald In a dystopian world filled with monsters and demons, the failed knight -Liam Weyward, seeks to take back his homeland from the tyrannical clutches of Almagest by recruiting the Seven Daughters of Eve and many others in his journey west. However, this quest isn't a simple walk-in-the-park, as the high rulers of Almagest- King Adam and Queen Lilith, enlist their demon generals to halt the plans of our heroes by doing nothing short of trying to eliminate them at every chance they get. Will our band of rejects and underdogs have what it takes to uncover the truth about their adversaries and take back the Land of Eden, or will the dark forces of Almagest prove too powerful for the strongest of pure wills to overcome? All these answers and more will be revealed right here, in Septet Legends!... Guardian of the Sunshine Bride (Sīhalt Series Book 1) by Austin Rehl - Betrothed Duty Versus Unexpected Love - A man with a dark past meets a girl with a bright future. Their choices will change the world. - The Bride with Secret Magical Powers - Princess Kathleen is betrothed to the powerful Prince of Tyath. The arrangement was made when she was just a child. She is duty bound to save her people from starvation and sees the marriage as her onlyoption. That is until she meets the Sīhalt Guardian sent to protect her during her dangerous journey tothe altar. The vigorous guardian steals her first kiss, but will he be able to keep her safe and steal herheart? - The Warrior with Chiseled Features and Rigid Strength - Jared spent his childhood in the cold north training to be a Sīhalt Guardian – the fiercest of protectors.While seeking revenge for his sister... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Romance, Fantasy, Fairy Tales, Folklore, Mythology White Bear's Big Adventure: An Organ Transplant Story by Marie Cheine Genre: Children's eBooks, Animals, Fairy Tales, Folk Tales & Myths, Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Growing Up & Facts of Life Dawn's Wicked Light (The Fractured World) by L.E. Bross What if Hansel wasn’t a victim?What if he was working for the witch all along?I’m Essa Foster, nineteen going on ninety, stuck working maximum hours for minimum wage to take care of my deadbeat mom. I stay because she has no one else, but my chances at something more are fading away. I want out of this small town. Of this small life. There has to be more. Anywhere would do really, as long as it’s far, far away.He was charming, hot as sin and made promises he could never keep. Not while he was being manipulated with something he loved. Hunter, aka Hansel, yes the same one from the stories, is trapped. He made one bad choice and his little sister Greta is the prisoner of a monster. Now he must hunt to feed the insatiable witch, or risk condemning his sibling to death. He hates what he... Twelve (Flip-Flopped Fairy Tales) by Savannah Verte It isn't just a dance that's dirty in this twisted tale.Lyford Rousseau needs a son. He has thirty years to fulfill an agreement, or lose his kingdom forever. Multiple wives and a dozen children later, he learns the price of deception, and of apathy. Will it cost him everything?This version of the Twelve Dancing Princesses twists what you thought you knew from your childhood fairy tales and shows what the good king was really worried about. It wasn't dance slippers.... The Sambac Crystal and The Stolen Kingdom (Crystals of The Enchantment Tree Book 1) by Paul Russell Parker III Calevallin is in turmoil. Subjects are disappearing and whispers of strange, new monsters are spreading throughout the Kingdom. Even worse, the King and Queen seem to be oblivious to the new danger at hand. Not Drey though. Drey and her brother Sully are quietly training to defend themselves in the forest near their family’s cottage. Even with years of training, nothing will prepare them for the looming war after dark forces are seemingly given free rein in the Kingdom. Dark forces led by the King’s closest adviser; Jaike. Jaike, the feared man in the shadows who holds the Sambac Crystal.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Fairy Tales, Folklore Kinsmen Die (And the Heavens Burn Book 1) by Matt Bishop How Ragnarok begins Everything Frigg has worked for is at risk. She brought peace and prosperity to her people, but a war with an ancient enemy again threatens while rebels and witches burn her city. Even worse, Frigg's prophetic visions have returned showing that her son Baldr will somehow die—which is just not possible. Frigg must solve the mystery of her vision while battling stopping a war that seems inevitable.Twenty years ago, Odin left Gladsheim in a fruitless search for his long-lost brothers. Now, Frigg has summoned him back to help her solve the mysterious vision of Baldr's death. He returns to find his home in chaos, his ancient enemy, the Jotunn, stirring and his son Baldr threatened. Odin will do whatever it takes to save his people, his city and his beloved son—even if... The Classical Kingdoms Collection - Collection 2: Retellings of Little Red Riding Hood, The Little Mermaid, & Cinderella (The Classical Kingdoms Collection Series) by Brittany Fichter Samhain (Secrets of the Fae Book 3) by Rebecca F. Kenney Genre: Literature & Fiction, Mythology & Folk Tales, Romance, Science Fiction & Fantasy, Fantasy, Teen & Young Adult, Paranormal Mirror, Mirror...? by Dodie Meister Milly’s middle-aged—divorced with a maturing body. Mentally, she feels all washed up and cast into a Goodwill pile. That is until modern day technology magically intervenes. See what happens as this funny fairytale progresses in the quest for self-acceptance and a second chance at finding prince charming.... Genre: Literature & Fiction, Humor & Satire, Mythology & Folk Tales, General Humor ImpossiBella (Flip-Flopped Fairy Tales) Areion (Lunar Medallion Series Book 1) by Lela Grayce Twins raised far from the darkness are the key to Gaai's salvation.Turning eighteen is the highlight of every teenager's life. Or at least it is for Wendy and her twin sister DeeDee. When their adoptive parents gift them with medallions belonging to their late mother, they have no idea their lives are about to change.Their happy day takes a deadly turn when Wendy is lured into the forest surrounding their home by a deceitful voice. Saved by an alluring, green-eyed stranger, questions are brought to light that she may not want the answers to.The girls are descendants of Gaai, a land of ancient magic. Once peaceful and thriving, is now enslaved by a powerful enemy. Though Wendy and DeeDee were sent to Earth to be raised far from the darkness that shrouds their home world, t... DailyFreeBooks.com is not affiliated or related to Amazon.com in any way. DailyFreeBooks is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. KINDLE is a registered trademark of Amazon.com, Inc. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line129
__label__wiki	0.609705	0.609705	Home News Center Health News Heart Anatomy May Put Blacks at Higher Stroke Risk WEDNESDAY, Nov. 25, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- Black Americans face a heightened risk of stroke, and a new study suggests that abnormalities in the heart's upper chambers play a role. Experts said the findings, published Nov. 25 in the journal Neurology, point to an under-recognized factor in Black Americans' stroke risk. It has long been known that in the United States, Black adults are particularly hard-hit by ischemic strokes -- where a blood clot impedes blood flow to the brain. Their rate is twice that of white Americans. Part of the disparity is related to health conditions that can lead to stroke: About half of Black Americans have high blood pressure, and they often develop it at a relatively young age, according to the American Stroke Association. Some other stroke risk factors, like diabetes and sickle cell anemia, are also more common among Black adults. Yet those "classic" risk factors do not tell the whole story, Dr. Hooman Kamel, the lead researcher on the new study, said in a journal news release. The racial disparity in stroke risk is greatest when it comes to "cryptogenic" strokes -- where doctors cannot pinpoint the source of the blood clot. "Better understanding of the underlying causes of these strokes is important for addressing these racial disparities," said Kamel, a neurologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. So his team looked at whether Black and white stroke patients differed from each other in the functioning of the atria -- the heart's upper chambers. It's well-known that atrial fibrillation (a-fib), a common heart arrhythmia, can cause a stroke. If the atria are not contracting normally, blood can pool in the heart and form clots. If a clot breaks free and travels to the brain, the result is a stroke. But the atria can be dysfunctional in other ways, too. And in recent years, that so-called "atriopathy" has been recognized as a potential source of stroke, according to Dr. Natalia Rost. Rost, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and fellow of the American Academy of Neurology, was not involved in the study. "The concept of atriopathy is fairly new," Rost said. Essentially, she explained, it describes atria that are not completely healthy and have abnormal "hemodynamics" -- or blood flow -- that may raise the risk of clots. Kamel's team found that Black stroke patients showed signs of such atrial dysfunction more often than white patients did. The study involved nearly 2,400 ischemic stroke patients who did not have atrial fibrillation. Heart imaging showed that Black patients generally had more signs of scar-like tissue in the left atria, compared to white patients. And on electrocardiograms, they showed more evidence of impaired electrical activity between the two atria. Past studies, according to Kamel's team, have uncovered similar differences in people who have never suffered a stroke. On average, Black adults in the general population show more markers of abnormal electrical activity in the atria than whites do. It's not clear why. But, Rost said, the roots of Black Americans' stroke risk go deeper than health conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Social and economic disparities, chronic stress and "adversities" that go back to childhood can all take a physical health toll, she said. "So even when we say high blood pressure or diabetes can partly explain the stroke risk, it's more complex than that," Rost said. Kamel made a similar point, saying the findings do not mean that Black and white patients have "innate biological differences" in the heart. Instead, he said, doctors may need to update their definition of what constitutes a "disease" of the atria. To Rost, the findings highlight a wider truth in cardiovascular disease: Much of what doctors know is based on studies of white people, particularly white men. Historically, Rost said, there has been "tremendous under-representation" of people of color, and women. Right now, it's not clear how to detect these types of atrial dysfunction before a stroke happens -- whether the abnormalities can cause symptoms people can recognize, or whether some kind of simple testing can catch them. With more research, Rost said, that will hopefully change. Each year in the United States, more than 795,000 people suffer a stroke, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Stroke warning signs include sudden weakness in an arm, "drooping" on one side of the face, and sudden difficulty speaking, seeing or walking. Any of those problems, the CDC says, should prompt a call to 911. The American Stroke Association has more on stroke and Black Americans. SOURCES: Natalia Rost, MD, chief, Stroke Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, and professor, neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and fellow, American Academy of Neurology, Washington, D.C.; Neurology, online, and news release, Nov. 25, 2020 Anemia Overview Anemia in Children Anemia in Pregnancy Albumin (Urine) 1 in 4 Doctors Harassed Online, Study Finds Anemia Quiz	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line132
__label__wiki	0.892179	0.892179	How will the newly promoted teams get on in the Premier League next season? With the curtain finally drawn on the 2018/19 championship campaign we now know which three clubs will be taking their place in England's topflight next season. Villa, Sheffield United and Norwich all achieved their ambition to return to the big time but as history tells us, and the stats prove, the gap between the two leagues is huge and it takes wise recruitment, a fantastic team spirit and a little bit of luck to reach that magic 40 point mark that usually means Premier League status is secured for another term. Over recent years we've seen newly promoted teams perform really well in the big league; even Huddersfield managed to stay up for a season and teams like Bournemouth and Burnley have firmly secured their status as Premier League clubs. With the fixtures released in a matter of days, we take a look at how the newly promoted Championship teams may get on next season. Chris Wilder's blades pulled off a phenomenal feat to even get to the Premier League having been playing League 1 football only a couple of seasons ago. The team spirit they showed to claim automatic promotion was exceptional but the gap between England’s second tier and the top league is huge and it will be a major struggle for Sheffield United next term. That’s not to write off the Bramall lane side completely, it will just take some very shrewd investment because on paper, the current squad look set to struggle against the elite. They must also hold on to Chris Wilder, who many clubs will be looking at following his achievements with the Blades, and their home form will be essential if they are to stay up next season. Daniel Farke's Norwich were the team of the season in the second-tier last term, storming to the title and playing a brand of exciting football that hasn’t been seen at Carrow Road for years. Looking at their squad, there are a few players who you would think could make the step up and compete well in the Premier League but like Sheffield United, wise recruitment and keeping on to their star players that got them promoted in the first place will be key. If Norwich avoid sacrificing their principles like Fulham did, they have a chance and they will cause teams problems, particularly with their pace on the break. Priced at 10/11 to stay up next term, it may not be a bad idea to lay down a no deposit bet at that price because essentially you'll have nothing to lose. Former European Champions and Premier League ever-presents (aside from their 3-year Championship exile), Aston Villa are back in the big time following a dramatic play-off final win against Derby and it's probably fair to say they are far too big to be plying their trade in England's second division. It won't be easy for Villa to stay up, however, but with a core of Grealish, McGinn and Tyrone Mings, who has been a revelation at Villa Park since his arrival from Bournemouth, they do have a squad to build on. Like the other promoted teams, shrewd recruitment is essential but Dean Smith has created a fantastic spirit at the club and his footballing ethos and the way Villa play could make the midlands club the surprise package of next season. The future of a few loanees is still up in the air, including Tammy Abraham, but Villa are run by some of the richest owners in the football pyramid so you would think that they would have the funds to bring in the players Dean Smith wants. Playing at Villa Park is never easy, and yes there will be bumps along the way, but out of the three teams who have gone up, Villa are the biggest and although that doesn't guarantee anything, given the fanbase and current feel-good factor around the club you feel the villains have the best chance of retaining their Premier League status in the 2019/20 campaign.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line139
__label__cc	0.581617	0.418383	31. mrt, 2020 The Rabbi and the Monastery – a Hasidic story For centuries, an impressive monastery stood on top of a hill overlooking the area. People came from far and wide, knocking on the monastery door. Farmers asking the monks to pray for a good harvest, young couples for sun on their wedding day and many young men wanting to join in as a monk. Each monk had specialised in a certain topic and transferred their knowledge over generations of monks, thus creating strong pillars of wisdom. People in the area knew for which issue to go to which monk and they were a source of support and inspiration to all. But after a while, something started to change. The monks couldn’t pinpoint the exact moment but less and less people started knocking on their doors. Less farmers, less young couples, less young men. And slowly the monastery fell silent. Some of the monks knew who was at the root of this. They looked at one another and thought, “He talks too much. He babbles on and on. Nobody ever knows what he is talking about. It chases people away.”. Or “He talks too little. He just sits there! It is uncomfortable for the people. Nobody likes that. It’s his fault!”. Or “He changes his mind constantly. One time he says this, then something else. He’s unreliable. People don’t like that. That’s why they stay away.”. The head of the monastery, the Prior, was very worried and at his wits end. One day the Prior decided to leave the monastery, walk down the hill and knock on a wise Rabbi’s door, who lived in the valley down below. The Rabbi opened his door, let the Prior in, offered him a chair and tea and listened to the Prior’s problem with care. Then the Rabbi said, “My heart goes out to you. It must be devastating for you and your monks. But I also do not know what to do.”. It wasn’t the answer the Prior had hoped for and he got ready to leave again. Then the Rabbi said, “Oh, just one more little thing; someone told me – I forget who – that one of your monks is supposed to be the new Messiah.”. “What!?!… One of us?”. “Yes.”, the Rabbi said. “…Who?”. “I don’t know.” he replied. Completely confused, the Prior went back up the hill. Once arrived there, his fellow Brothers asked, “And? What did the dear Rabbi say?”. “He said that one of us is the new Messiah.”. “What?! One of us?! Who?”, the monks asked. “He said didn’t know.” the Prior answered. And in spite of the fact that they didn’t know, they all started looking for the new Messiah within the monastery walls, within their fellow Brothers. “He can talk to anyone. He eases people and knows how to connect socially. That might be a true Messiah quality; maybe it’s him?!”. “He is such a good listener. Whenever I am troubled, he just listens and makes me feel heard. That’s what a Messiah does. Maybe he’s the one?!”. “He is so flexible; never stuck in just one idea or way. He adjusts to any situation. Surely he could be the Messiah!”. The new Messiah was never found; however profoundly they searched for Him. But they did started to look at each other with new eyes. And slowly things started to turn around…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line141
__label__cc	0.726126	0.273874	Home > Successful Claim Advice > The Pros and Cons of ADR The Pros and Cons of ADR By: J.A.J Aaronson - Updated: 5 Aug 2010 \| *Discuss Alternative Dispute Resolution (or ADR) is a rapidly growing field within the justice sector. The Ministry of Justice has recently created plans to encourage its widespread use in civil disputes, and the number of professional ADR practitioners is steadily growing. ADR Summarised In brief, Alternative Dispute Resolution is a set of procedures through which it is hoped that a civil (as distinct from criminal) dispute can be settled without the need to go to court. ADR potentially applies most significantly to disputes between a consumer and a company, and takes several forms; the most common are conciliation, arbitration and mediation. Each of these has different characteristics, which are detailed in another article in this section. ADR is currently very much in vogue within the criminal justice system. This is in part due to the fact that courts are over-subscribed and cases are therefore taking an increasingly long time to be heard. Furthermore, there is a sense that this over-crowding is partly due to the volume of cases being heard that could be resolved without the need for court action. Alternative Dispute Resolution has, by definition, a number of significant advantages. In the first instance, few people (whether a complainant or the company in question) are likely to relish the possibility of a court appearance. ADR has the potential to remove the necessity for this, while still resolving the dispute effectively. This has advantages for all parties involved: the complainant is saved the stress of a formal court hearing; the company does not risk having their name tarnished in public; and the court service has time freed up to deal with cases that cannot be resolved in this way. Court appearances can also be expensive, particularly now that legal aid is no longer available for compensation claims (as is discussed in an article regarding 'no win no fee' arrangements, elsewhere on this site). Some forms of ADR are entirely cost-free, and most will be less costly than a lawyer. Similarly, as Professor Hazel Genn's report of 1998 found, the use of ADR techniques tends to resolve disputes more quickly and more effectively than court action. There are, however, some significant drawbacks to ADR. Primarily, it should be remembered that some forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution are legally binding on the complainant; if one of these procedures is used further court action is forbidden, even if the complainant is unhappy with the final decision. This can mean that there is no redress in cases where the case is not dealt with properly by the third party involved. Furthermore, the claim that ADR is significantly less costly than court action has been disputed. When an ADR procedure that is not legally binding upon the complainant is used, but when the outcome is not to the complainant's satisfaction and court action is therefore taken anyway, the final costs can be significantly higher once the costs of the original ADR procedures have been factored in. However, Professor Genn also found that the courts are able to deal more quickly and effectively with cases that have already been through an ADR process, meaning that, even if the costs are initially higher, the final outcome might well be better. If you are considering making use of ADR in a civil dispute, you may find it useful to read the related article elsewhere in this section. Furthermore, if your claim has a total value that is over the small claims limit (currently set at £5,000), you should consult a solicitor to ascertain the best course of action. Choosing a Good Personal Injury Lawyer Consumer Credit Act Claims What Can You Claim For? What is Compensation and When Can I Claim? Building Work... Employment Claims... Good Practice... Fighting a Claim... The Legal Basis... Myths & Realities... Claims - Crime Victims... Claims - Personal Injury... Financial Services... Successful Claim Advice...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line143
__label__wiki	0.777897	0.777897	Cosmos Revealed NASA to Announce 'Surprising' Europa Discovery on Monday NASA are set to announce new findings about arguably Jupiter’s most fascinating moon, Europa. The announcement will take place at 14:00 EDT (19:00 BST) on Monday, 26th September. "Astronomers will present results from a unique Europa observing campaign that resulted in surprising evidence of activity that may be related to the presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa," said the space agency. The teleconference, set to take place on Monday afternoon, will feature a number of prominent scientists at NASA. Participants will include Paul Hertz, director of NASA’s Astrophysics Division; Jennifer Wiseman, a senior Hubble scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, as well as William Sparks and Britney Schmidt, scientists from the Space Telescope Science Institute of Baltimore and the Georgia Institute of Technology, respectively. The announcement sparked mass speculation on social media, will hundreds of people questioning whether the news may reveal extra-terrestrial life on Europa. However, NASA quelled such a suggestion shortly after, tweeting “Spoiler alert: NOT aliens”. Although no further details have been revealed about what will be announced on Monday, the involvement of Hubble points towards the possibility that Europa’s plumes may have finally been spotted again. It has now been almost four years since Europa’s elusive plumes have been observed. In December 2012, Hubble detected water vapor plumes reaching 120 miles (200 km) high above Europa’s south pole. Such a discovery prompted many scientists to argue that a robotic probe could now simply travel through the plumes, rather than having to drill through Europa’s icy surface. “This means that future investigations can directly investigate the chemical makeup of Europa's potentially habitable environment without drilling through layers of ice,” Lorenz Roth of Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio said at the time. Another sighting of the plumes will certainly help potential plans to fly through the plumes that could take place as soon as in the next decade. What is for certain, the announcement will be sure to create a buzz! Be sure to tune in to NASA TV at 2pm EDT on Monday to watch the teleconference live. Comet 67P	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line146
__label__cc	0.724886	0.275114	We wish to thank Dr Kuroda of Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute and Mr Kotani of Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute for their valuable information and critical reading of the manuscript. Research for this report was partially supported by the Hughes Family Foundation whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank all those who have helped us by providing us with information that is generally available from published sources.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line150
__label__cc	0.680864	0.319136	Why Heart Disease is on the Rise in America Written by Kristen Fischer — Updated on March 10, 2017 Experts say the country needs to reverse trends like obesity and diabetes, or heart disease will continue to kill us and bankrupt our healthcare system. It seems that Americans aren’t getting the message about heart disease. New statistics predict that 45 percent of people in the United States will have at least one issue related to the disease by 2035. That’s up from earlier predictions from the American Heart Association (AHA) of 40 percent by 2030. The AHA predicts that costs related to the disease will double from $555 billion in 2016 to $1.1 trillion in 2035. That “could bankrupt our nation’s economy and healthcare system,” according to AHA President Steven Houser, PhD. He says heart disease and its complications are spreading quicker than originally thought. The news comes as two celebrities made recent headlines for heart-related complications. Actor Bill Paxton died at age 61, reportedly from a stroke during heart surgery to fix a damaged valve, while fitness guru Bob Harper, from “The Biggest Loser,” suffered a heart attack at age 51. Why is heart disease getting worse, even though our society seems obsessed with healthy living? Other diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s disease garner more attention, but the fact is cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the nation’s most prevalent and costly killer, Houser told Healthcare Website. Even though smoking is on the decline, Houser said that other risk factors — obesity, poor diet, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes — are on the rise. In addition, people may not realize how devastating heart disease is until they know someone who has it. Read more: Get the facts on heart disease » Beating a preventable disease Dr. Michael Miller is a cardiology professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, and author of “Heal Your Heart: The Positive Emotions Prescription to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease.” He told Healthcare Website that the main factors driving the rise in heart disease are obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the real underlying culprits are moving less and stressing more. “What we aren't doing enough is getting up and out, spending quality time with loved ones daily, and smelling the roses,” Miller said. "We also need ‘me time’ to recharge, so I tell my patients to spend at least 15 minutes by themselves to collect their thoughts, whether by meditation or shutting off the radio while in the car.” “I also suggest getting up every 15 minutes if you have a desk job and move around and stretch. Same recommendations hold while watching TV,” he said. Dr. Regina Druz, a cardiologist at the Integrative Cardiology Center of Long Island, told Healthcare Website that stress is a factor along with obesity, diabetes, and pollution. “The epidemic is related to several factors, all converging in what amounts to a ‘perfect storm’ situation,” she said. “However, what fuels the rise of diabetes and obesity, and heart disease down the line, is inflammation, and the impact of inflammation and environment on our genetics.” Read more: Doctors finally begin to treat obesity A wake-up call? Houser was surprised when he reviewed the recent AHA report due to the rising death rates and numbers that describe the financial toll CVD will have in the United States. The report also finds that, by 2035, more than 123 million Americans will have high blood pressure, 24 million will have coronary heart disease, and more than 11 million will have experienced a stroke. Houser said better investments in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) would reduce the burden and costs associated with heart disease. Policymakers must invest in research and ensure Americans have affordable, quality health care—especially preventive care. Then, schools and workplaces have to create healthy environments that promote healthy habits, he said. “The fact that CVD could singlehandedly bankrupt our nation’s healthcare system is disturbing,” Houser said. “But it’s a real possibility if we don’t act soon to do a better job of preventing what are largely preventable disorders." Making More Money Lowers Stress but Won’t Protect You Against Heart Disease Inconsistent Blood Pressure in Your 20s and 30s Could Indicate Heart Disease Later in Life Is Eating an Egg a Day OK for Heart Health? Latest Research Says It Is Heart Disease Affects Women Differently: What We Can Do About It Belly Fat Linked to Increased Risk of Repeat Heart Attacks Researchers say people who move up or down the economic ladder can face higher heart-related health risks than those whose status remains more… Researchers say younger adults should have their blood pressure checked at least once a year and should adopt lifestyle changes if their readings are… A new study that concludes one egg a day doesn't necessarily increase heart disease risk is the latest in a long line of conflicting research. Here's why women are at an increased risk of heart disease versus men, and what we can do about it. Experts say it is important to lose weight, eat healthy, and exercise after an initial heart attack. We’re Just Starting to Understand the Link Between Heart Disease and Marijuana Marijuana advocates say it's unfair to compare marijuana and tobacco, but some health experts say there are concerns about cardiovascular disease Drinking Tea May Reduce Your Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke Experts say people who drink green or black tea at least three times a week get the benefits of polyphenols that can improve cardiovascular health How the New FDA-Approved Fish Oil Drug Can Help Your Heart The Food and Drug Administration approved use of a fish oil based drug, Vascepa, to help prevent cardiovascular events like heart attacks, strokes… People with Lower Incomes Have More Sleep Issues — and Worse Cardiovascular Health Experts say developing regular sleep habits as well as having regular checkups can help lower the risk of heart disease. Why a Flu Shot Is Essential for People with Heart Disease Experts say people with serious illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease can have more serious symptoms if they get the flu.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line161
__label__wiki	0.565102	0.565102	Team USA Secures Gold in a Wheelchair Basketball Final That Illustrated the Spirit of the Games The gold-medal wheelchair basketball match saw powerhouse Team USA take on Team Netherlands in the final competition of the 2017 Invictus Games. With Prince Harry and former US vice-president Joe Biden and his wife, Dr. Jill Biden, looking on (and perhaps... Archery Finals September 29 was the third and final day of archery, starting with the women's and men's novice recurve bronze-medal match. Clare Langham-Phillips of Team UK won the bronze medal with a 6–0 victory in the women's novice recurve. The men's novice recurve... Transformed Lives at the Swimming Finals The swimming finals saw competitors with a wide range of abilities take to the pool in front of an enthusiastic crowd that included Prince Harry and four-time Canadian Olympic medallist Penny Oleksiak. The 17-year-old Invictus Games ambassador said she... Wheelchair Basketball: Highlights from the Preliminary Matches New Zealand vs. Denmark: Vikings Dominate Kiwis Teams New Zealand and Denmark kicked off Friday’s preliminary wheelchair basketball action at the Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre. “Let’s go, Vikings, let’s go!” The Danes clearly heard the cheers from the... Wheelchair Basketball Semifinals With a final four that mirrored the Orlando 2016 Invictus Games, Denmark, Netherlands, the United Kingdom and United States entered the court at Ryerson’s Mattamy Athletic Centre to a roaring, sold-out crowd on Saturday. On the last day of the Invictus...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line162
__label__wiki	0.807496	0.807496	By Massoume Price Translation in the Middle & Near East has existed ever since the second millennium BC. Administrative documents plus literary and religious texts were translated back and forth from Sumerian, Akkadian, Elamite, and Babylonian throughout the area. Achaemenian had their documents and texts translated into all the languages of the Empire including Aramaic that was used parallel to ancient Persian as the language of the court and administration. In Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian time Greek plays were translated; performed and Greek philosophy and sciences were well known by the Iranian scholars. Iranian artists participated and performed at the major art festivals in Rome, India, Alexandria in Egypt and Byzantium cultural centers such as Constantinople (Istanbul). Such cultural exchanges created an international class of artists, intellectuals, and performers well versed in a number of languages and traditions. Such activities reached their peak in Sassanian period (226-642 AD), especially at the time of Khosro I (Anoushiravan, 531-578). An imposing succession of Sassanian emperors actively engaged in collecting, recording and editing the historical, scientific and religious records of their civilization and the neighboring countries. The Sassanian Imperial Ideology was based on the Zoroastrian doctrine. In this religion Ahura Mazda, the Lord of Wisdom (Khodavand i Kherad) is the origin of all learning, therefore, all knowledge is regarded as sacred. According to Dinkard, the Zoroastrian canon in Pahlavi, Book IV, “all knowledge and sciences was received by Zoroaster from Ahura Mazda and transmitted through Avesta. Destruction of Persia by the wicked Alexander dispersed the texts throughout the world. The Greeks, the Egyptians derived all their knowledge and science from these dispersed texts. Subsequently, Sassanian emperors took it upon themselves to collect all these texts from all over”. The sources name, Byzantium, India, and China as the main centers where book collecting was taking place. Greek Philosophers, Syriac speaking Christians and Nestorians fleeing persecution by Byzantines (Orthodox Christians of Constantinople) were received by Anoushiravan and were commissioned to translate Greek and Syriac texts into Pahlavi. Paul the Persian dedicated Works of logic to the king. The Greek philosopher Priscianus Lydus wrote a book in response to the king’s questions on a number of subjects in Aristotelian physics, the theory of the soul, meteorology, and biology. Dinkard itself shows familiarity with all these topics, especially Aristotelian physics. It is apparent from the text that Aristotle’s famous article ‘On coming to be and Passing away’ was well known by the compilers of Dinkard. Becoming, decay and transformation the three fundamental concepts in the article are mentioned and discussed. Books in medicine, astronomy, Ptolemy’s Almagest, Aristotle’s Organon and a number of texts in crafts and skills were translated from Greek sources. Indian scientific material in astronomy, astrology, mathematics and medicine were also translated into Pahlavi along with Chinese Herbal medicine and religion. Indian popular literature was also translated; Kalila va Dimna and Sinbad have survived. Traces of ancient Indian tales are preserved in Medieval Persian literature such as Shireen and Farhad. The story is from Sassanian origin and closely resembles one of the ancient erotic stories of Kama Sutra. In the Indian version, the Royal sculptor and the Kings’ favorite courtesan fall in love. Once the affair is discovered he is chained to the mountain, he recites love poetry and carves his lover’s face on the rocks before he is put to death. The later Muslim historians refer to the Sassanian Imperial library as the House of Knowledge (Bayt al Hikmat). The same name was applied to the Royal Library in Baghdad after the Muslim conquest. The library functioned as both a place where accounts of Iranian history and literature were transcribed and preserved. At the same time, it was a place where qualified hired translators, bookbinders and others worked to preserve, purchase, copy, illustrate, write and translate books. Persia and Byzantium dominated the area at the time. The later was a continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire and the seat of Greco-Roman art, culture, and civilization. Alexandria and Constantinople though constantly at conflict were major centers of intellectual activities with theaters, libraries, and universities. In 525, Justinian the Byzantine Emperor fell in love and married his future Empress Theodora, an actor in Alexandria. The two created a grand court in Constantinople with intellectuals, artists, and performers unprecedented till the Renaissance movement in the 16th century Western Europe. In addition to Major cities like Alexandria Constantinople and Jerusalem, intellectuals and scientists moved and carried ideas from Edessa in the west, through Nisibis and Mosul (Iraq) to Marv and Gundishapur in Western Persia. Sassanian was very much part of the international scene. They send performers to the religious and art festivals all over including Hagia Sophia, the oldest standing grand church that still exists (built in 360 and converted into a mosque after the fall of Constantinople). The Sassanian translation movement was part of their attempt to remain and be active in this climax of international cultural exchange. It was used to widen their horizon and at the same time introduce Iranian culture, art, and ideology to the other nations and therefore expand Iranian cultural influence. The conquest of Islam in the 7th century transformed every aspect of life in the region. For the first time since Alexander the Great lands as far as Egypt and the fertile crescent were united with Persia and parts of India politically, administratively, and most important economically. Under the banner of Islam, the political division of the Near East between east and west ceased to exist. Goods and raw materials moved back and forth. Trade expanded and the introduction of a sophisticated paper industry by Chinese traders created a boom in the book industry, however, there were setbacks. Performing arts were banned and theaters closed down. Women were excluded from the public domain and visual arts suffered because of religious restriction i.e. human and other living forms could not be portrayed or sculptured. Zoroastrian ideology regarded all knowledge as sacred; Umar (the second Caliph) believed no knowledge was knowledge unless it originated in Quran. This was his motto when he ordered the burning and destruction of the famous Library and Museum of Alexandria. Built by the Greek rulers of Egypt in the second century BC, the library for almost a millennium endured ravages of time, wars, fires, and looting. Many times damaged, it was rebuilt, restocked and was functional until the last minute. It was finally destroyed by Amrou ibn el-Ass, the conqueror of Syria and Egypt by direct order of Umar in the 7th century. The Imperial library at Ctesiphon had the same fate; the whole city was totally destroyed and never rose again. The destruction of such major libraries with the compulsory use of Arabic as the only language made it clear to the scholars and intellectuals that all pre-Islamic knowledge and national identities were in danger of total destruction and they had to be preserved. Massive and heroic efforts were made and the result was the formation of a dynamic and significant translation movement for almost two hundred years till the 10th century. The movement started in Damascus in Umayyad times and flourished in Abbasid Baghdad (754 AD). All major Greek Syriac Persian and some Indian texts were translated into Arabic and Neo Persian. Pre-Abbasid translations from Pahlavi included major religious literary and historical texts. The source books that were used by Ferdowsi in compiling Shahnameh were saved around this time. Greek and Indian texts translated into Pahlavi were re-translated into Arabic and Neo Persian. Ibn-al-Muqaffa (Roozbeh) is the best-known Iranian translator of this period. He was accused of being a Zandaqa (heretic) and was murdered. Popular Manichean and other religious texts were also translated. With the Abbasid, the translation of scientific texts was added. Nawbakht the court astrologer and his son Abu Sahl and other colleagues al-Farazi and Umar al-Tabari and many others sponsored by the Barmakid family (the chief ministers to the early Abbasids who were murdered later) translated and promoted Pahlavi texts into Arabic and Neo-Persian. They were all Iranians and aimed to incorporate Sassanian culture into Abbasid ideology and guarantee the continuity of the Iranian heritage. Christian and Jewish learned families of Sassanian Persia such as Bukhtishu and Hunyan families were also great translators of Syriac Greek Pahlavi and other texts into Arabic. Both families had served at Gundishapur University for generations and were instrumental in founding the Adudi Hospital and Medical School in Baghdad. Baghdad a suburb of Ctesiphon was chosen as the site of the New Abbasid capital (Baghdad is a Persian name and means god given, it was founded in 762 by al-Mansur). The Royal library was based on the Sassanian model and was called the house of knowledge (Bayt al-Hikmat). Even at Caliph Mamun’s time when the persecution of Iranian elements had started, the director of the library was the great Persian nationalist and Pahlavi expert, Musa al-Sahl ibn-Harun (9th century). The famed Iranian mathematician and astronomer Musa al-Khwarizmi were employed full time by the library at this time. Ibn-an-Nadim the author of the Fihrist (the index) and the most famous associate of the library listed all the books and their origins in his famous index. A great part of the index has survived and is a valuable source of information. The movement ended by 10th century for a number of reasons. It had lost its sponsors and relevance. The Muslim schools were fully established and were dominated by the fundamentalists where political ideology emphasized fate over reason. The Hellenistic cultures of Egypt, Syria and the Holy Land with its’ Greek and Syriac elements and the Byzantine (Turkey) did not survive. They lost their language and their magnificent culture and ancient heritage. Today we know them as Arabs or Turks and it is only recently with the advent of modern historical studies and Archaeology that their rich heritage is being re-discovered. The Greek philosophy and the secular sciences translated made their way into Western Europe, revived such sciences and played a significant role in the formation of one of the most important secular ideological movement in Europe, i.e. the Renaissance. 13th-century illustration depicting a public library in Baghdad, from the Maqamat Hariri. Bibliotheque Nationale de France Iranians survived and managed to preserve their culture. The brilliant and ingenious adaptation of the Arabic alphabet (Aramaic in origin) guaranteed the survival of the Persian language. The script was changed but the phonetics remained the same. Pre-Islamic Persian literature flourished in neo-Persian texts and was immortalized by the likes of Ferdowsi, Nezami, and Attar. One thousand and one night originally Hazar Afsanak became Arabian nights and Shahrazad inspired European writers and composers. Children of the world came to know the legendary Barmakid minister Jafar through Walt Disney’s Aladdin. Persian became the court language of the Moguls and the Turks and Persian cultural influences remained in Pakistan Afghanistan and the former Soviet republics. By far the most important work re-written and translated in the 10th century was Shahnameh. The Persian language at its’ best, the book contains elements of Persian history survived from the Sassanian period plus a magnificent collection of Avestan mythology. Avestan characters such as Feraydon, Jamshid, Tahmoureth, Kiomarth and the legendary bird Seemourgh etc., were forever engraved in the psyche of Iranians. As correctly put by Ferdowsi himself, the nation was revived through Shahnameh’s language. In Reza Shah’s period when Arabic names were replaced this book was used as the source book to find the equivalent in Persian! The second millennium witnessed the demise of the Iranian culture and civilization as a whole. Towards the end of this period, another major translation movement would make its mark. The second half of the 19th century is the beginning of major political and ideological transformations in the country and the start of modernization processes. Modern sciences and western ideas of democratic civil society enlightenment human rights and emancipation of women were introduced through translation of European texts into Persian. The Armenians of Isfahan for their exclusive use imported the first printing machine in 1641. However, the first printing machine in Persian started work in Tabriz in 1813 and the book industry was changed forever. The first modern school Dar ul Fonoun (the Institute of technology) started work in 1851 with a few European instructors and texts were translated from a number of European languages to introduce Iranian pupils to modern sciences. Educated Iranians joined and in no time tens of books in Geography, Engineering, Medicine, Military, Biology, Mathematics and other disciplines were translated. The school had a theater as well and for the first time since pre-Islamic times plays by western writers (Moliere) were performed in the school. Translations of historical and literary work followed. Voltaire’s Histories of Peter the Great, Charles the VII, Alexander of Macedonia and Sir John Malcolm’s History of Iran were translated. Along with Three Musketeers, Count of Monte Cristo, Queen Margo, Adventures of Telemaque, Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver’s travels James Maurier’s the Story of Hajji Baba of Isfahan and Jules Vern’s science fictions. The early translations were clumsy inaccurate and Persian poetry and anecdotes were added in between the lines. Nevertheless, they opened the way to the modern world and introduced new ideas. The introductions talked about the importance of modernization, new sciences, new literary concepts and they significantly changed the old and pompous literary style of the local writers. Translators wanted to remain true to the originals, as a result, a simpler and more natural language was adopted. The pleasantries and unnecessary commentaries common till 19th century were abandoned and modern Persian literature and poetry were born. Amin Dulah, Rezagholi e Hedayat, Yousof e Mostashar Dulah, Prince Taher Mirza, Etemad Saltaneh, Malcom Khan, Talebof and Akhond Zadeh are amongst the first popular translators of the period. The modernization movement resulted in the constitutional revolution (1906) and for the first time since the conquest of Islam secularization began in the country. During the Pahlavi era translation became an art. All major international texts, literary and otherwise were translated into modern Persian from a number of languages and the translation culture was amongst the best in the continent. Books from a variety of subjects from Nobel Prize authors to popular romance, detective stories, history, health, philosophy etc. were translated. Censorship existed and it was mainly applied to political and erotic literature. The religious sector remained behind and few attempts were made to translate major Islamic texts especially from the Middle Ages into modern Persian. Universities, academics and government institutions such as the Organization for translation and Publication of Books carried out such translations. The second decade of the Islamic Republic has seen an explosion in book publishing. This is despite the high cost, low readership, political instability, pressure groups and contradictory policies by the Ministry of guidance with respect to censorship. Translated books about New Age and modern spirituality are appearing in great numbers. Feminist literature has a strong presence and all the major books and biographies from western sources are translated along with historical and fictional accounts of the goddesses of the ancient times. Ancient Iranian history has made a strong comeback and all recently published books in the field are translated despite the government’s unwillingness. Popular romance and other escapist literature are amongst the best selling books. The government’s sponsorship and financial aid are mainly directed towards religious texts particularly translations of Medieval texts in Arabic and Shiite literature. The translation culture at the present reflects the struggles and contradictions in the country at large. Its aim appears to be preserving the Persian history and heritage, encouraging the flow of information from the west and at the same time provides temporary relief. It is hard to get any reliable statistics from Iran but Daniel Steel’s books seem to be one the best sellers in the country! Massoume Price is an Ecologist and a Social Anthropologist educated in Iran and England, Kings and University Colleges, London University. She currently lives and works in Canada and is a freelance writer.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line164
__label__wiki	0.63008	0.63008	Author: Jane Bourke Economic and Social History Society of Ireland Annual Conference 2019 Post author By Jane Bourke University College Cork, 6 and 7 December 2019 Proposals for papers, or for panels of papers, are solicited for the Annual Conference of the Economic and Social History Society of Ireland, which will be held at University College Cork, on Friday 6 December and Saturday 7 December 2019. The conference is jointly organised by the Department of Economics and the School of History. Paper proposals relating to all aspects of economic and social history will be considered. The conference will be held in the former Cork Savings Bank branch on Lapp’s Quay in the heart of Cork City. This landmark building was constructed in 1842 and has recently been restored for the Cork University Business School. This year’s Connell Lecture will be delivered by Morgan Kelly, Professor of Economics at University College Dublin. Abstracts of papers and proposals for panels should be sent to Dr Eoin McLaughlin (eoin.mclaughlin@ucc.ie) by Friday 4 October 2019. Abstracts should be between 250 and 300 words. Panel proposals should include a session title, contact details for all speakers and abstracts for all papers to be included in the session. For more information about the society, please visit our website: http://www.eshsi.org/. Report Launch: Micro-Businesses in Ireland Wednesday April 3rd 2019 National University of Ireland, 49 Merrion Square E, Dublin 2 REPORT LAUNCH ‘Micro-Businesses in Ireland: From Ambition to Innovation’ Authors: Dr. Jane Bourke & Prof. Stephen Roper Launched by Senator Pádraig Ó Céidigh ‘Supporting Micro-Business Growth in Ireland’ Chair: Prof. Stephen Roper (ERC & WBS). Panel: Senator Padraig O’Ceidigh, Sven Spollen-Behrens (Small Firms Association), Lisa Collins (Micro-Business Owner), & Dr. Jane Bourke (UCC & ERC) As places are limited please register here Further information is available here Irish Economic Association Annual Conference 2019 The 33rd Annual Irish Economic Association Conference will be held in The River Lee Hotel, Western Road, Cork City on Thursday May 9th and Friday May 10th, 2019. The keynote speakers will be Dr Asli Demiguc-Kunt, Director of Research at the World Bank, and Prof. Valentina Bosetti, Professor of Economics at Bocconi and a member of the IPCC. The Association invites submissions of papers to be considered for the conference programme. Preference will be given to submissions that include a full paper. Papers may be on any area in Economics, Finance and Econometrics. The deadline for submissions is Tuesday 19th of February 2019 and submissions can be made through this site. https://iea2019.exordo.com Longfield Lecture in Economics, UCC – Oct 18th 2018, 6pm Cork University Business School & Department of Economics is pleased to invite you to the Second Annual Longfield Lecture in Economics Professor John Fitzgerald Adjunct Professor of Economics, UCD and TCD The Phoenix and the Ashes – 60 years of Irish economic policy Venue: Kane Building, Room G02 Professor Fitzgerald is one of Ireland’s foremost economists. He is currently an Adjunct Professor in both TCD and UCD, having previously been a Research Professor in the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin. He is a member of the Central Bank of Ireland Commission and he is Chairman of the Irish government’s Climate Change Advisory Council. About the lecture Instead of ushering in a period of economic success, the first 40 years of independence saw a serious underperformance by the Irish economy. Ireland missed the free trade boat after the Second World War and, unlike the rest of Northern Europe from the Urals to Snowdonia, it did not invest in human capital. Policy began to change in the 1960s. EU membership in 1973, and a steady commitment to developing a modern education system, eventually saw Ireland realise its economic potential. Bad mistakes in fiscal policy in the late 1970s further delayed Ireland’s convergence to an EU standard of living. However, once the fiscal crisis was dealt with and the EU Single Market came into effect in 1993 Ireland grew very rapidly so that by the mid-2000s Ireland had a standard of living above that of the EU15. Once again unwise fiscal policy, combined with a massive failure of financial regulation, saw Ireland face a major economic crisis in 2008. However, having got into this mess, policy makers made a very good job of extricating the country from the mire. Nonetheless this process was very painful, leaving a legacy of debt and damage to individual households. The success of the Irish economy has been built on developing an extremely open economy, a sustained policy of investing in human capital, and a very open labour market. All of this has been underpinned by the multiple advantages conferred by EU membership. 2 Comments on Longfield Lecture in Economics, UCC – Oct 18th 2018, 6pm Post Doctoral Researcher in Innovation Studies and Policy May I draw your attention to the following post:Post Doctoral Researcher in Innovation Studies and Policy (funding for this position is expected to continue for 2 years) based at the University of Limerick, Ireland as part of a Science Foundation Ireland funded project under its Science Policy Research Programme. Led by Professor Helena Lenihan at the Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, this project on evaluating the impact of science and innovation policies on the economy and society comprises a team of international and national experts (including collaborators from Warwick Business School and the Enterprise Research Centre, ZEW in Germany, KU Leuven and Queen’s University, Belfast) and policymakers. Salary Scale: €36,854-€42,603 per annum. Deadline for Application: Friday 20th April 2018 A full description of the advertised position and application procedure is available here	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line165
__label__cc	0.675104	0.324896	Come join me in London on December 10 In a few days I will fly from Stockholm to London to celebrate my fortieth birthday. Plans are being made to meet some other Fleming / Bond fans but also to enjoy a few days without the kids with my wife. I will also be allowed to join a friend on a trip in his two different Tesla motor cars which has been a dream for a few years now. A concert at the O2 arena in London is also scheduled. The trip has in other words every possibility of being great and I look forward to it a lot. Therefore I wish to announce that I would love for you, the reader of this blog, to come join me on Saturday, December 10 when I together with Maxus Ltd arrange a Ian Fleming post war London walk. I hope this event can be some sort of replica of the great event arranged by Literary007.com and Maxus Ltd that was arranged earlier this year on May 28, Ian Fleming's birthday. So if you are an Ian Fleming fan or maybe just an James Bond fan wishing to learn more about the creator of the worlds most famous spy or if you just wish to meet other James Bond fans and hang out in London then join me. The more the merrier. The locations that we will visit are those connected to Ian Flemings life after the second world war when Fleming begun writing the James Bond novels. We are allowed to be up to 30 people and after the walk, Jon at Maxus Ltd will take us to a bar close by were we can buy drinks and chat as long as we wish. The price to take part in this walk is £10 each if you pay in advance or £15 if you wish to join us in the last minute. If you wish to participate (and I hope you do) then contact me Stephan Backman on Facebook and I will give you the payment details. Also contact me if you may have questions about this event and I will be glad to assist. Let's Bond in London on December 10th. James Bond - The Secret Agent Blog Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Tuesday, November 29, 2016 2 comments: Etiketter: Ian Fleming, London, The secret agent blog How much is actually the Domino letter worth? If you are reading this the chance is quite big that, even if you are a James Bond fan, you have never heard about the rare Domino letter. So let me break down quickly for you what the Domino letter is. Back in 1965 when the forth James Bond film staring Sean Connery was released, Pan Books re-released the novel THUNDERBALL for the fourteenth time in a movie tie-in version (cover below). In that edition (and only that edition) there was a printed promotional notepaper added. It was made to look like a handwritten letter from Domino to James Bond. In the letter she is asking Bond to read pages 152-155 within the book the letter came with. On these pages in THUNDERBALL the Players Cigarettes are mentioned and they were also the company that used the THUNDERBALL novel for advertising. A lot like modern day product placement. I am sure that Ian Fleming himself never got paid for this while writing his book and therefore the idea came up after his passing in 1964. Most readers certainly threw this peace of paper away but some owners kept it. Some books might never have gotten read and therefore the letter is still there. People who own this advertisement claim it to be worth quite a bit. A seller on Ebay says he wants $350 for it but excepts offer. There are also fake versions of the letter on the market and these sell for as little as £2. I myself do not have this letter in my collection but I was bidding on one today. The funny thing is that I was one of only two people who placed bids during the last hour. When I decided to bid it was at £62 and I bided up to £99 and stopped and lost the bidding to someone else who paid £101. It is funny how we value our collections. One would think that such a rare piece of early marketing material would be as valuable as the sellers says but it is not often a bidding war on stuff like this happen. Most of the James Bond collectors would rather have other James Bond collectables in their collection. We are not many who wish to pay a lot of money for these kind of things and the market tell us what the current value is. I would say that the value for a Domino letter on the market is currently £101. Do you think I am right or wrong? Would you have paid £101 for the below peace of paper? Happy to read your comments below. If you wish to learn more about the Domino letter I suggest you head over to this site. The Domino letter The 14th printing of Thunderball from Pan Books UK Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Sunday, November 27, 2016 21 comments: Etiketter: Ebay, Thunderball The problems with FOR YOUR EYES ONLY In 1962, Ian Flemings first short stories titled FOR YOUR EYES ONLY was released in Sweden. The release, by publisher Bonniers, led to some problems when the last Roger Moore film was released in 1985. Let me explain why. When FOR YOUR EYES ONLY was released the different short stories where not titled. They were only chapters. Also the story QUANTUM OF SOLACE was missing in the Swedish version. But the biggest difference was that the book was not called FOR YOUR EYES ONLY. It was called FROM A VIEW TO A KILL. The same title as the first short story within the book. So in 1981 when the Swedish distributor United International Pictures (UIP) where to release Roger Moore's fifth film FOR YOUR EYES ONLY the Swedish film title was FROM A VIEW TO A KILL. No big problem so far but I guess you can figure out where this is going. In 1985 the final Roger Moore film were to be released and it was at first called FROM A VIEW TO A KILL and sometime before the release they removed the FROM and only called it A VIEW TO A KILL. Since that title had already been used in Sweden two Bond films earlier UIP was now having a problem. So they decided to change the title completely in Sweden and came up with the title LIVING TARGET for A VIEW TO A KILL. Since I have started re-reading the Fleming novels I must confess that since QUANTUM OF SOLACE has never been released in Swedish, I have actually never read that story. It is nice to know that I still have some unread Fleming material to look forward to. Has any other country had the same problem with titles already used or being changed for some reason. It is one thing to make up an entire new title for a film. That happens a lot even today. But to have used a title for a franchise four years to early must be quite rare. Below you can see the first edition for the Swedish version of FOR YOUR EYES ONLY. If you truly know your books you will notice that the eye on the Swedish version is not the same eye as on the UK first edition. I prefer the Swedish eye much more. It has a far better paintjob. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Wednesday, November 23, 2016 1 comment: Etiketter: For Your Eyes Only, From a view to a kill, Quantum of Solace The paperback that was NOT to be released When Ian Fleming released his tenth book about his secret agent James Bond back in 1962 he was not prepared for the reviews that followed. Ian Fleming was somewhat sick and tired of writing the Bond novels and had previously changed his formula by writing short stories in his FOR YOUR EYES ONLY collection released in 1961. This time he did something completely different. He did not write the book from James Bond perspective but instead from the female mind and he decided to only let James Bond apear in the second part of the book half way into the story. When the novel was released on April 16 in 1961 the reviewers were not happy about the drastic change Fleming had done to the formula. Sadly I do not own any of the reviews in print in my collection but the below review quotes can be found on Wikipedia. The Daily Telegraph, wrote "Oh Dear Oh Dear Oh Dear! And to think of the books Mr Fleming once wrote!" while The Glasgow Herald thought Fleming finished: "His ability to invent a plot has deserted him almost entirely and he has had to substitute for a fast-moving story the sorry misadventures of an upper-class tramp, told in dreary detail." Writing in The Observer, Maurice Richardson described the tale as "a new and regrettable if not altogether unreadable variation",[going on to hope that "this doesn't spell the total eclipse of Bond in a blaze of cornography".Richardson ended his piece by berating Fleming, asking: "why can't this cunning author write up a bit instead of down?" The critic for The Times was not dismissive of Bond, who they describe as "less a person than a cult" who is "ruthlessly, fashionably efficient in both love and war". Rather the critic dismisses the experiment, writing that "the novel lacks Mr. Fleming's usual careful construction and must be written off as a disappointment." John Fletcher thought that it was "as if Mickey Spillane had tried to gatecrash his way into the Romantic Novelists' Association". Philip Stead, writing in The Times Literary Supplement considered the novel to be "a morbid version of that of Beauty and the Beast".The review noted that once Bond arrives on the scene to find Michel threatened by the two thugs, he "solves [the problem] in his usual way. A great quantity of ammunition is expended, the zip-fastener is kept busy and the customary sexual consummation is associated with the kill." Stead also considered that with the words of the police captain "Mr. Fleming seems to have summarized in this character's remarks some of the recent strictures on James Bond's activities." Vernon Scannell, as critic for The Listener, considered The Spy Who Loved Me to be "as silly as it is unpleasant". What aggrieved him most, however, was that "the worst thing about it is that it really is so unremittingly, so grindingly boring." The critic for Time lamented the fact that "unaccountably lacking in The Spy Who Loved Me are the High-Stake Gambling Scene, the Meal-Ordering Scene, the Torture Scene, the battleship-grey Bentley, and Blades Club." The critic also bemoaned the fact that "among the shocks and disappointments 1962 still has in store ... is the discovery that the cruel, handsome, scarred face of James Bond does not turn up until more than halfway through Ian Fleming's latest book. Anthony Boucher meanwhile wrote that the "author has reached an unprecedented low". So As you can see above Fleming took a hammering when reading the reviews for his latest novel. Ian took this hard. Actually so hard that he tried to stop the book from being published again. He forbid the book to be published as a paperback, there were to be no comic strip adaptation and when he sold the rights to make films of his books to Albert R Broccoli and Harry Saltzman he only sold them the title for the book and not the story itself. He did not wish to ever have it released again. So how come there is a Pan Books release of the book and why has the book been sold in many different versions after 1962? Well Fleming passed away as we all know on August 14 in 1964 and the rights to his books went to his relatives. They waited three years until the books was released in paperback. In 1967-68 the book was also the last original Ian Fleming story to be converted into a comic strip. In 1977 the film with the title THE SPY WHO LOVED ME was released by Eon Productions. The title as as we all know the only connection that film has to Fleming. The story was all new. Below is the 1967 paperback released by Pan Books. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Monday, November 21, 2016 1 comment: Etiketter: Ian Fleming, The spy who loved me The complete set of EIDOLON covers are here! The last episode of the James Bond series EIDOLON will go on sale on December 21 but here and now we can reveal the arwork for the final episode and also show you the complete set of artworks for this six episode series. It all started with the first series VARGR penned by Warren Ellis and drawn by Jason Masters (who have also done the header for this blog). That series was really good and even if I have not read comics for a very long time I enjoyed it a lot. You can read more amount that series here and see all the different covers. Just as with VARGR I decided to wait to read EIDOLON until the complete set was in my hands. And it soon will be. I wonder if anybody else feel it to be a bit strange that the publishers Dynamite Entertainment decided to make EIDOLON as part 7-12 instead part 1-6 since it was a hole new mission. Below you can see all the different covers for the EIDOLON series and they are all made by the same artist named Don Reardom. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Thursday, November 17, 2016 1 comment: Etiketter: Comic, eidolon Title sequence for FLEMING - The man behind Bond Back in 2013 it was announced that Sky Atlantic would air a TV-Series based on Ian Flemings life. The series was co-produced by Sky Atlantic, BBC America and Ecosse Films. Later in the production the producers turned to British animation and graphics company Broken Antler to come up with ideas for the title design. The demand was that the title design should be distinctive and at the same time not a reproduction of a James Bond title sequence. When Broken Antler started working on ideas for the treatment they proposed using shadows in the title theme. They had thoughts of using different objects that Fleming would have used during his time. And that idea sounds a lot like "still life series" of the Ian Fleming books that Pan Books released in 1976. But that idea was scrapped due to the budget and the length of the title sequence being visible. Since the title was to be visible for such a short period in each episode they decided that it should be more focused and delivered quickly. They saw the script for the four episode series to be written as if Ian Fleming would have written his own autobiography and therefore it was therefore decided to go with a paper background and text written in old typewriter style as if Fleming himself was writing it. Below you can see the different suggestions that Broken Antler had until they decided to go with the typewriter. They are all quite amazing. On top of this blog post you can see the actual title treatment that they went with. Below is the Pan Books "still life" series from 1976. (These are very hard to scan with good quality) You can order the FLEMING TV-series below for below £6 nowadays. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Tuesday, November 15, 2016 No comments: Etiketter: Diamonds are forever, Ian Fleming James Bond The authorised biography first edition Added to my collection is the UK first edition of JAMES BOND - THE AUTHORIZED BIOGRAPHY by John Pearson. The book was published in 1973 and cost £2,75 new at the time. John Pearson had a few years earlier written THE LIFE OF IAN FLEMING. A lovely book about the author of the James Bond series. According to Wikipedia, JAMES BOND - THE AUTHORIZED BIOGRAPHY, was never a commissioned novel by Ian Fleming Publications (Glidrose Publications at the time). The book was therefore the first James Bond book not to be published by Jonathan Cape but instead Sidgwick & Jackson. Even if the story was not commissioned by Glidrose Publications, John Pearson still needed their approval for the novel to be published. The copyright is therefore owned by both Ian Fleming Publications and John Pearson for this story and this might be the reason that we never see it included with the rest of the books nowadays. This might also be the reason the book has such a poor layout on the first edition. Maybe they were not allowed to draw James Bond on the dust jacket. As they are not allowed now. If you have not read this book I highly recommend that you do. I truly enjoyed this novel and have very fond memories of reading it. It was the first James Bond novel I read in English and when I had finished reading it I decided to start reading all the other books in English for the first time. If anybody knows more about how this book came about please feel free to comment below. I would love to hear it. If you wish to read this highly enjoyable book you can buy it here on Amazon UK. I myself have a few of the different releases of this book and will soon sell a few of them on my Ebay Page. Not much to get exited about with this cover design. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Sunday, November 13, 2016 3 comments: Etiketter: First edition, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, John Pearson James Bond's salary at MI6 The beginning of Ian Fleming's third James Bond novel MOONRAKER is fantastic reading for any James Bond fan. There we are treated with an ordinary day at work for James Bond. Ian Fleming also tells us the salary that James Bond gets for being a secret agent for the government. "He earned £1 500 a year, the salary of a Principal Officer in the Civil Service, and he had a thousend a year free of tax of his own. When he was on a job he could spend as much as he liked, so for the other months of the year he could live very well on his £2 000 a year net" In other words if you do not follow. Bond has a salary of £1 500 and an extra £1 000 free of tax. There is 30% tax on the first £1 500 and this leaves Bond with £2 000 a year. The book was published in 1955 so lets see what a salary for James Bond would be if we recalculate this into modern inflation. I used this calculator and it says that if James Bond had a salary of £2 000 net in 1955 that would equal £49 400 net in today's world. Using this calculator it transforms into $62 000. Please remember that we are always talking net figures here, after tax. He is supposedly on one mission a year according to Fleming. On these he gets all expenses paid. He also gets a vacation after every mission to "heal". I must say that he seems to earn a decent amount of money working at MI6. Would you sacrifice your life for queen and country and that salary. Feel free to comment below. Below you can see my Danish first edition of MOONRAKER simply called Agent 007. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Thursday, November 10, 2016 7 comments: Etiketter: Moonraker Ian Fleming's favourite actor for James Bond When Ian Fleming wrote about James Bond's looks it was very well drawn. James Bond's hight was little over six feet (183 cm) and his weight was around 167 pounds (76 kg). His body was in other words what you today would call slim. Also, Bond is described as dark, cruel and handsome and that woman find him irresistible. So in 1961 when Producers Albert Cubby Broccoli and Harry Saltzman were searching for there actor to play Bond they almost had a blueprint of what the man should look like. Both Cubby and Harry agreed to let Ian Fleming attend the meetings were James Bond and who he was was discussed and after one of these meetings Fleming send Cubby a fascinating memorandum on the matter. James Bond is a blunt instrument wielded by a Government Department. He is quiet, hard, ruthless, sardonic, fatalistic. In his relationships with women he shows the same qualities as he does in his job, but he has a certain gentleness with them and if they get in trouble he is sometimes prepared to sacrifice his life to rescue them. But not always, and certainly not if it interferes with his job. He likes gambling, golf and motorcars. In other words. Ian Flemings blueprint for James Bond was more or less a blueprint of himself. Cary Grant was the first actor to be asked to play James Bond but he turned it down. There second choice was James Mason but he was no fan of the Bond books. But Ian Fleming had his first choice for the role of James Bond and his name was strangely enough... Roger Moore. Roger Moore was 34 years old at the time and had actually not received world wide celebrity playing Simon Templer in The Saint. Cubby Broccoli did not want Roger Moore at that time. He thought Moore was to much of a gentlemen and not the kind of tough guy that they later found in Sean Connery. But 12 years later in 1973 Ian Fleming would get his wishes come true when Roger Moore played his first role as agent 007. Sadly he never got to see it since he himself passed away in 1964. The facts for this blog post can be found in THE JAMES BOND ARCHIVES that you need to order here if you have not already done so. Etiketter: Ian Fleming, Roger Moore, Sean Connery, The James Bond Archives Did you or your friends win the TRIGGER MORTIS contest? A few weeks back the blog had its first sponsored contest were you the reader had the chance to win a copy of the now released US TRIGGER MORTIS paperback. The 10 winners of the book are as follows: Karl Flood, Ireland Brandon Tate, USA Robert Sterling, UK David Winterfeld, Austria Jan Mouritzen, Denmark Sophie Reid, UK Steve Oxenrider, USA Leijo Van Aubel, The Nederlands Johan Antens, The Nederlands Ian Stubbs, UK A big congratulations to the winners. I will now contact the publishers so that you will get the paperback sent to you. A big warm thank you also to Harper Paperbacks and Abigail Novak and Mary Sasso for making this contest possible. Written by Stephan Bäckman kl. Wednesday, November 02, 2016 No comments: Etiketter: Anthony Horowitz, Trigger Mortis Did you or your friends win the TRIGGER MORTIS con...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line166
__label__cc	0.709479	0.290521	Clearing Up Cloud Confusion Originally published: 01.01.12 by Heather Onorati The cloud. It’s all the rage. But as much attention as cloud computing gets, it seems not many people fully understand what it is. A recent market-sentiment survey conducted by The Small Business Authority found that 71% of the approximate 1,800 surveyed small business owners have never heard of cloud computing. So what is this mysterious cloud, and why should you start looking toward the sky? At its most basic level, “the cloud” refers to the Internet. When people say they’re working in the cloud, it means they’re accessing software services and files that reside on a server in a secured data center in another location — often multiple locations — rather than accessing files that live directly on personal or in-house servers, or wireless devices. A cloud product or service can be anything from software for word processing, customer relationship management, or accounting — to web-based e-mail services (think Yahoo, Hotmail, Google, AOL), website hosting, file storage, backup, and customizable and fully managed server solutions. Traditionally, businesses have had servers on-site to which each employee’s computer is configured, running email through programs such as Microsoft Exchange. Each computer is set up with a variety of applications, and then there is some kind of technology support on a regular or contract basis, said Greg Pierce, Managing Director/Cloud Computing, Tribridge, an IT consulting company for businesses. The problem, according to Pierce, is that this gets expensive and frustrating. With cloud computing, businesses pay a monthly fee and no longer have to worry about managing the cycle of buying new equipment and upgrading software every 36 months. Also gone is the headache and expense that can come with hiring a contractor or team of experts to install, configure, secure, and maintain everything. Working in the cloud So how does it work? Think of the service agreement you offer to your customers. It involves a fixed investment for which the customer receives peace of mind knowing that a specially trained staff of experts will provide regular maintenance and service on the equipment to maintain its life and troubleshoot potential problems before they arise. Similarly, a cloud-services provider will offer you the technology solutions that meet your needs. You’ll sign a service-level agreement in which you’ll agree to a subscription fee for those specified services: i.e., server space, applications, file storage. The cloud service provider manages and maintains the equipment and upgrades while you use your computer or any wireless device to access the server, files, and/or software over the Internet. There’s no installation, configuration, integration, or maintenance on your end. Behind the scenes there are public clouds and private clouds. Public clouds are like condominiums, Pierce said. You share a certain amount of space, but you have a portion dedicated to you. On public clouds, thousands of customers with tens of thousands of users are connecting to the same resource. As the number of customers accessing one resource increases, this drives the price of that resource down substantially for each customer. The down side of the public cloud is that, for the most part, the solutions are standard and can’t be customized for every customer. An example would be Microsoft 365, which provides web-based email, access to online versions of Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote, as well as SharePoint intranet for sharing files and collaboratively creating and managing documents. Private cloud solutions offer more flexibility in that you gain access to the server space on which you can have a customized solution. For this reason, private clouds will cost a little more, but will still be less expensive long-term than maintaining all of the hardware and software yourself. So, for example, a contractor can subscribe to a public or private cloud solution for access to industry-specific software services such as job costing, inventory, quoting, mobile technician dispatching — all of which can be integrated, as well as business-side solutions for human resources, taxes, and payroll. “Public is great for things that are commoditized,” Pierce said. “In other words, things like email that don’t have a ton of customization. This is something that you plug in and get to work. If you have an application, even if it’s e-mail, that needs to be heavily integrated with other applications, or it’s something that’s specific to your industry, then you’re going to be looking at a private cloud solution.” A solution for contractors could be a hybrid cloud, Pierce said. “Let’s say you have an HVAC contractor that has 10 employees that access data. You might want to put your email and SharePoint file storage within a public cloud and then maybe you have a system for dispatch and for maintenance of systems that’s more proprietary. It doesn’t lend itself to a public cloud, so you put that part in a private cloud. The experience from the end user [your employees] is exactly the same. They don’t know that they’re connecting here for public cloud and here for private cloud, but you’re leveraging the best of both worlds.” Benefits of sharing space Whether private or public, the cloud has numerous benefits worth considering. Primarily, experts agree that it’s less expensive, it’s more secure, and it’s scalable to meet your specific needs at any point. It saves you money because you’re not purchasing the server, and you’re renting hardware, software, and maintenance, said Barry Sloane, President and CEO of The Small Business Authority. Therefore, you don’t need the local IT contractor you may be paying up to $5,000 a month. And, most importantly, you pay for what you use. “If businesses set themselves up in the cloud, they will reduce their costs, and they’ll be more efficient,” Sloane said. “We’ve estimated that our cloud solutions can save business owners 30% to 40% minimum off of their IT costs.” The scalability aspect is a tremendous advantage, said Brad Walz, a managing associate at the law firm Winthrop & Weinstine in Minneapolis. He specializes in intellectual-property related to cloud computing. “As a small business, you can really take control over your computing costs,” Walz said. “Let’s say when you need more space or you need more servers online because — let’s just say you’re in the retail industry and you’re expecting high volumes of sales and a lot of those sales are being made on the Internet. You can request additional servers and then when that demand subsides, you can scale back and request fewer servers.” Another benefit, Walz said, is that smaller businesses can take advantage of economies of scale that allow multiple parties to take advantage of a single software application. “The ORACLE accounting software and other types of applications are really expensive to purchase; so when ORACLE puts something like that in the cloud and allows multiple businesses to access that application, they can charge a lower price. So as a small business owner, you can really get the benefit of some of these very expensive enterprise pieces of software that typically have been used only by large companies. From a technology perspective, a small business owner can really be on the same level as some of the largest Fortune 100 companies.” Last but very important is the security aspect. According to Sloane, their survey also indicated that the majority of businesses they spoke with (78%) admitted to having data or critical information, software or hardware in their offices such as such as a server, a tower, or a hard drive that may not be secure. And 71% also said that their data was not stored or backed up off-site, a figure he believes may be much higher because companies who said they did back-up files had very loose ways of conducting that backup. “A complete backup solution should be one where the data transfers automatically and is stored in a remote facility, in a different location — so you’re diversifying your natural disaster or weather-related risk — and is 100% secure,” Sloane describes. The experts agree there are certainly risks to relinquishing your proprietary data for storage in remote locations. The reality though, Walz said, is that for cloud providers, data privacy and security is part of their business, so they are likely to have in place vastly better methods of protecting data than a business owner with a closet-side server. The bottom line is that, for many business owners, the advantages far outweigh the risks. A survey conducted of nearly 1,000 technology stakeholders and critics by the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center, revealed that 71% expected that by 2020, most people would be working in Internet-based applications and accessing information through remote server networks from a variety of wireless devices. And although some respondents expressed concerns over security, control over data, and technology restrictions, most believed that cloud computing would continue to expand and come to dominate information transactions because it offers so many advantages. It just may be that the sky is the limit. Whether you are moving to a cloud model for your business or not, you should get to know the cloud. Products and services in all industries — including HVACR — are starting to incorporate cloud computing. Here are a few examples: Filters: FilterFetch from Jackson Systems This year Jackson Systems will roll out FilterFetch, a cloud-based online ordering system for filters and filter-inventory management. According to the company, benefits of FilterFetch for contractors include: • Air filter inventory management (i.e., ordering, tracking, shipping, storage) never has to be done by the contractor as all they have to do is give the customer/consumer the code, which they then just enter online to order new filters. The filter is at the jobsite waiting for the technician, and the contractor receives commissions. • With the Contractor Dashboard, the contractor can see which customers/consumers are purchasing filters and which field techs offered it to them (helpful if bonuses are paid on sales). And, all of the financial tracking can easily be seen for the contractors’ commissions from orders. • Reduced costs because contractors no longer need to store filters and take losses from missing, damaged, or obsolete filters. Thermostats: Nest Labs Learning Thermostat by Nest Labs From this technology start up staffed by former Apple employees comes a “learning” thermostat that runs on a cloud-and-mobile-app model. The thermostat is billed as having enough intelligence to save energy through climate-control automation. This thermostat and others that use wireless technology to connect to remote servers are products within an emerging category called the energy web. GPS and fleet management: SageQuest Mobile Control Several GPS and fleet-management services, such as SageQuest Mobile Control, use cloud computing to power their applications. Building performance: Optimum Energy Optimum Energy LLC provides commercial and institutional facilities owners and managers with cloud-based software and services that enable them to optimize the energy efficiency of their HVAC systems. Boilers: The Smart Boiler Control System by Ajax Boiler The system uses the Ajax Management System to provide real-time management of its HVAC and plumbing equipment. The system is web-enabled and takes advantage of latest technologies enabling end-users to remotely view real-time HVAC and plumbing system fluctuations. Heather Onorati is former editor of HVACR Business and now works as a writer and editor in business communications. About Heather Onorati Heather Onorati Articles by Heather Onorati YouTube may conjure images of finger-biting babies, flash mobs, and “Gangnam Style” parodies. But the truth is, YouTube is an engaging and economical marketing outlet that HVACR businesses should not ignore. Rebuild Your Brand in Three Steps One of the most powerful tools to help overcome a prospect's natural skepticism and to build relationships is the customer testimonial. They create believability, credibility, and a sense of security for your prospect and customer. Learning, Understanding, Going Green The world is going green. No matter where we’re tuned in, we’re bombarded with messages on eco-friendly business solutions, clothing, toys, housewares, vacation spots; you name it. Everything references “going green.” So are hvac contractors listening? According to a recent survey conducted by NORDYNE, the answer is yes. 4 Keys To Family-Business Success Contractors who work with relatives need to maintain healthy operations and relationships. How a cloud-computing model can save money, increase capability, and relieve IT headaches for HVACR contractors.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line171
__label__wiki	0.766142	0.766142	You are here: Home / Issues / Politics / Elections / Donald Trump’s Latest Flip Flop: ‘Softening’ on Immigration Donald Trump’s Latest Flip Flop: ‘Softening’ on Immigration August 24, 2016 By Latinovations Staff Donald Trump launched his presidential campaign by promising to build a “great, great wall” on the U.S. southern border – making Mexico pay for it – and painting undocumented Mexican immigrants as criminals and rapists. Now, Trump is changing his tone on immigration and “softening” a stance he notoriously endorsed. “There certainly can be a softening because we’re not looking to hurt people,” Trump said during a Fox News town-hall event Tuesday, Aug. 23. A staple element to Trump’s campaign for the Republican nomination was his vow to deport all estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S. and then allow the “good ones” to re-enter legally. But today, Trump denies “flip flopping.” His campaign claims they are considering what to do with undocumented immigrants in the U.S. in order to be “fair” to everyone. “The first thing we’re gonna do, if and when I win, is we’re gonna get rid of all the bad ones. We’ve got gang members, we have killers we have a lot of bad people that have to get out of this country,” Trump said Monday night on Fox News. “As far as everybody else, we’re going to go through the process.” Trump’s campaign has not confirmed whether or not he will abandon the promises he made on illegal immigration that attracted Republican primary voters to his campaign. Trump has spoken out about his plan for a “deportation force,” but his campaign staff has indicated in recent days that such plans may not come to fruition exactly as previously described. Filed Under: Elections, Latest Updates, Politics, Today's Feature	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line174
__label__cc	0.601471	0.398529	The Newfoundland and Labrador Amateur Taekwondo Union Inc is committed to ensuring that equity and access is incorporated across all aspects of its activities. In doing so, it acknowledges and adopts the following foundation principle from the Canadian Sport Policy: Sport is based on equity and access. Sport is welcoming and inclusive, offering an opportunity to participate without regard to age, gender, race, language, sexual orientation, disability, geography, or economic circumstances. Participants have access to affordable sport opportunities that are appropriate to the level of activity chosen and provide opportunities for personal achievement. NLATU: Acknowledges that sport equity is about fairness in sport, equality of access, recognizing inequalities and taking steps to address them. It is about changing the culture and structure of sport to ensure it becomes equally accessible to everyone in society. Supports equity and access for underrepresented groups that have been identified by Sport Canada such as Women, Aboriginals and People with Disabilities. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of every person and will treat everyone equally within the context of their role (player, coach, official and volunteer), regardless of age, ability, gender, race, ethnicity, religious belief, sexuality or social/economic status. Is committed to everyone having the right to enjoy their sport in an environment free from threat of intimidation, harassment and abuse. Everyone has a responsibility to oppose discriminatory behaviour and promote equality of opportunity. Will deal with any incidence of discriminatory behaviour according to the Code of Conduct and Discipline Policy.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line178
__label__wiki	0.735115	0.735115	Shakin’ Stevens Once (or Twice) Opened For The Rolling Stones In 1969 Shakin’ Stevens was chosen to open for two show for the Rolling Stones in London. Tagged as: pop, rock and roll, Shakin Stevens, UK Dion And How His Sam Cooke Friendship Became A Song With Paul Simon Rock and Roll legend Dion knew Sam Cooke in the 1950s. After Sam died he wrote a song about him and didn’t revisit it until recently, more than 50 years later. To complete the song he called on his friend Paul Simon. The result is ‘Song for Sam Cooke (Here In America’ on Dion’s new ‘Blues With Friends’ album. Tagged as: 50s, 60s, Blues With Friends, Dion, rock, rock and roll, USA Steve Priest of The Sweet Dead at 72 The Sweet bass player Steve Priest has died at age 72. Tagged as: 70s, glam, pop, rock and roll, Steve Priest, The Sweet, UK Little Richard By The Hits With the passing of Little Richard Noise11 has dug into the history to plot Richard’s chart success. Tagged as: 50s, Little Richard, rock and roll, USA Hear The First Six Little Richard Singles That Were All Flops Little Richard was no overnight sensation. Richard Penniman had been performing since 1947 at the age of 14. It was Sister Rosetta Tharpe who heard him cover one of her songs and invited him to open for one of her shows. Beatles, Stones, Dylan Tweet About Little Richard Beatles, Stones and Dylan are tweeting about the death of Rock and Roll icon Little Richard at the age of 87. Tagged as: 50s, Bob Dylan, Little Richard, rock and roll, Rolling Stones, The Beatles, USA Little Richard Passes On At Age 87 Rock and Roll legend Little Richard has died at the age of 87 after a battle with cancer. Dion Gathers Rock Icons For His ‘Blues With Friends’ Album Rock and Roll legend Dion has gathered up his famous friends for his next album ‘Blues With Friends’. Tagged as: 50s, 60s, Bruce Springsteen, Dion, rock and roll, USA, Van Morrison Brian Wilson Asks Beach Boys Fans To Boycott Hunting Event Brian Wilson is furious that his former band has agreed to play ay a hunting event in Nevada in front of Donald Trump Jr. Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 20s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s, Al Jardine, Beach Boys, Brian Wilson, pop, rock, rock and roll, USA New Dave Clark Five Compilation Marks 60 Years Of The British Band Here is a fun fact: The Dave Clark performed 18 times on the Ed Sullivan Show. Tagged as: 60s, Dave Clark Five, pop, rock and roll, UK Jerry Lee Lewis Immortalised In Mississippi by Tim Cashmere Legendary musician Jerry Lee Lewis has been given a marker on the Mississippi Country Music Trail, which will be displayed outside of his ranch in Nesbit. Tagged as: 00s, 10s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s, Jerry Lee Lewis, killer, Mississippi Country Music Trail, piano, rock and roll Colin Hay Has Written Ringo Starr’s New ‘Whats My Name’ Sir Richard Starkey wants you to know his name is ‘Ringo’ and we know that with thanks to Men At Work’s Colin Hay. Colin has written the title tracks for Ringo’s new album ‘What’s My Name’. Tagged as: 60s, 70s, classic rock, Colin Hay, Joe Walsh, Men At Work, Ringo Starr, rock, rock and roll, The Beatles, UK Kiss Postpone Salt Lake City Show As Gene Simmons Undergoes Medical Procedure Kiss have had to postpone their final show for Salt Lake City as Gene Simmons had to suddenly return to Los Angeles for a medical procedure. Tagged as: 70s, 80s, Gene Simmons, Kiss, rock, rock and roll, USA Red Hot Summer Mornington Sells Out in 2 Minutes Red Hot Summer set a new record today when the Mornington show sold out in two minutes. Tagged as: alternative, Australia, Boom Crash Opera, Duane mcDonald, Hunters & Collectors, James Reyne, Killing Heidi, music festival, Red Hot Summer, rock, rock and roll, The Angels, The Living End Hunters & Collectors to reform to headline Red Hot Summer Hunters & Collectors will reform in 2020 to celebrate 10 years of Red Hot Summer. Mick Jagger turns 76 and Roger Taylor turns 70 The Rolling Stones Sir Mick Jagger and Queen’s Roger Taylor are sharing birthdays today with Roger turning over to the benchmark 70 years of age. Tagged as: 60s, 70s, 80s, Mick Jagger, Queen, rock, rock and roll, Roger Taylor, Rolling Stones, UK Paul McCartney is Planning a Rehearsals Album by Music-News.com Sir Paul McCartney and his band are planning to release an album of cuts from their improvised soundchecks. Tagged as: 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s, Paul McCartney, pop, rock, rock and roll, The Beatles, UK AC/DC are celebrating the 40th anniversary edition of Highway To Hell AC/DC ‘Highway To Hell’ 40th anniversary of Highway To Hell is being celebrated with special online events including a first official release of a live version of the title track. Tagged as: 70s, 80s, AC/DC, Australia, Heavy Rock, Highway To Hell, metal, rock, rock and roll Paul McCartney wants to remake It’s A Wonderful Life The Beatles legend is in the process of turning the 1946 film – which starred the likes of James Stewart and Donna Reed – into a musical production after teaming up with Bill Kenwright, who will produce the project. Tagged as: 60s, 70s, 80s, Its A Wonderful Life, Paul McCartney, pop, rock, rock and roll, The Beatles AC/DC Didn’t Announce Tour But They Are Celebrating 40 Years of Highway to Hell AC/DC rumoured world tour announce did not happen this week but they have taken the day to honour the 40th anniversary of their 1979 classic ‘Highway To Hell’. Tagged as: 70s, 80s, AC/DC, Australia, Bon Scott, hard rock, Heavy Rock, Highway To Hell, rock, rock and roll Sir Ringo Starr and Sir Paul McCartney give Los Angeles a Knight to Remember Sir Paul McCartney and Sir Ringo Starr were together on stage in Los Angeles on Saturday night giving Beatles fans a Knight to remember at Dodger Stadium. Tagged as: 60s, classic rock, Dodger Stadium, Paul McCartney, pop, Ringo Starr, rock, rock and roll, The Beatles, UK Normie Rowe Sends a Powerful ANZAC Day Message with Compulsory Hero video Normie Rowe has delivered a powerful anti-war ANZAC Day message with his cover of 1927’s ‘Compulsory Hero’. Tagged as: 60s, Australia, Normie Rowe, pop, rock and roll Garland Jeffreys To Retire From Touring Brooklyn singer-songwriter Garland Jeffreys has announced he will be ceasing to tour after his next set of dates but that doesn’t mean he will stop writing and recording. Tagged as: 70s, 80s, Americana, blues, Garland Jeffreys, rock and roll, soul, USA Normie Rowe Covers 1927 to Mark 50th Anniversary of his Conscription into the Australian Army 50 years ago, Australia Prime Minister at the time Harold Holt created a publicity stunt sending ‘Australia’s Elvis’ to war. He chose the nation’s biggest pop star at the time, Normie Rowe. Guitar Legend Dick Dale Dies at Age 81 The King of Surf Guitar Dick Dale has died at age 81. Tagged as: 60s, Dick Dale, rock and roll, surf guitar, USA Jerry Lee Lewis suffers a stroke Jerry Lee Lewis, one of the last Rock and Roll legends of the 1950s, has suffered a stroke. Tagged as: 50s, Jerry Lee Lewis, rock and roll, USA Gil Matthews ‘Go!! Records The Complete Collection’ Is Australian Music History Over 4CDs Gil Matthews, Aztec Records founder and Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs drummer, has compiled an historical collection of Australian music chronicling every track ever recorded for Go!! Records from 1965 to 1967. Tagged as: 60s, Australia, Aztec Records, Gil Matthews, Go Records, pop, rock and roll Paul McCartney Returns To The Cavern Paul McCartney returned to his Beatles roots on Thursday by performing an intimate show at the Cavern Club, the Liverpool venue where the Fab Four played in the early 1960s. Tagged as: 60s, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, pop, rock, rock and roll, The Beatles, UK Paul McCartney Reveals More About The Early Songwriting Days of The Beatles Paul McCartney and John Lennon wrote catchy tracks because they had no other way of remembering lyrics otherwise. Andrew O’Keefe Will Be Johnny O’Keefe For Two Nights Only In Melbourne Former Weekend Sunrise host Andrew O’Keefe will bring his ‘Andrew O’Keefe Shouts Johnny O’Keefe’ show to Melbourne for two nights in October. Tagged as: 50s, 60s, Andrew O'Keefe, Australia, Johnny O'Keefe, rock and roll Cliff Richard To Release New Album To Mark His 80th Birthday Cliff Richard reaches the milestone age on October 14, and to celebrate the special occasion he's recorded two new songs, 'Falling For You' and 'PS Please', for the LP 'Music… The Air That I Breathe'. Bob Dylan Has Written The Liner Notes For Dion’s ‘Blues With Friends’ Dion’s friends on ‘Blues With Friends’ include Billy Gibbons, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen and Van Morrison but there is one name on the album who actually doesn’t sing one note. Bob Dylan wrote the liner notes. Legendary Drummer Joe Porcaro Dies Aged 90 Joe Porcaro, a one-time musician for Rosemary Clooney, has died at age 90. Composer Ennio Morricone Dies At Age 91 Ennio Morricone, one of the world’s most famous soundtrack composers, has died at the age of 91. Sir Cliff Richard Recorded Once With Dame Vera Lynn Cliff Richard is hoping his version of wartime anthem We'll Meet Again with Dame Vera Lynn will finally get a release following the beloved singer's death this week.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line179
__label__wiki	0.997642	0.997642	Whitney Houston's Musical Legacy, By The Numbers We break down the stunning sales numbers behind the late diva's record-setting career. Gil Kaufman 02/12/2012 There had been other explosive young divas before — Aretha Franklin, Tina Turner — but in the 1980s and early 1990s, Whitney Houston seized the spotlight so fast, so early, so young and so forcefully that she set a bar so high singers are still trying to vault it today. The daughter of gospel great Cissy Houston and cousin of "I Say a Little Prayer" singer Dionne Warwick, Houston was discovered as a teenager and burst into the national consciousness in 1985 with her self-titled debut. The seamless mix of wide-screen ballads and dance-floor-worthy anthems spawned such iconic hits as "You Give Good Love," "Saving All My Love for You," "The Greatest Love of All" and "How Will I Know." A radiant breath of fresh air, Houston rode the music-video wave to stardom, scooping up dozens of awards for her smash first album, including two Grammys and an MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video for "How Will I Know." Along with Michael Jackson, Houston helped pave the way for a generation of black artists to exploit the video medium to reach a global audience. She did it by spinning off a string of indelible hits in such an joyful manner that her vocal feats of strength appeared effortless. On the eve of the 54th annual Grammy Awards, Houston was found dead Saturday in Los Angeles at age 48. At press time, the cause of death was still unknown. She had last taken the stage Thursday night at a pre-Grammy event on Thursday night. Just hours before the news broke, friend Kelly Price said stories of Houston's ongoing struggles were exaggerated. MTV News reported Saturday night that Jennifer Hudson would participate in a tribute to Houston at Sunday night's Grammys. Houston died just hours before the start of the annual pre-Grammy party thrown by legendary music impresario Clive Davis, the mogul who signed Houston to Arista Records after seeing her perform in New York clubs in the early 1980s. Though her hitmaking days were long past, Houston's influence continues today, from the sound of such avowed acolytes as Mariah Carey, Christina Aguilera and Mary J. Blige to an untold number of singers hoping to stake their claim on such reality singing competitions as "American Idol," "X Factor" and "The Voice." Houston's muscular, gospel-tinged vocal gymnastics and her telegenic spark raised the bar to a level today's singers — from Rihanna to Adele — are still striving to achieve. By the time her career faltered in the 2000s as she struggled with substance abuse, personal drama and vocal issues, Houston had already blazed an unstoppable trail and was ranked by the Guinness Book of World Records as the most celebrated female vocalist of all time, including 26 Grammy nominations and 6 wins, along with sales of more than 170 million albums, singles and videos. Some of Houston's career achievements: » Released when she was 22, Whitney Houston was the best-selling album by a female artist in the 1980s, with more than 9 million copies sold on its way to becoming the best-selling debut ever by a female artist. » Her "Bodyguard" smash cover of Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You" was the best-selling single of all time by a female artist. The "Bodyguard" album was #1 for 20 nonconsecutive weeks, a record that could by tied by multiple-Grammy nominee Adele next week. » The "Bodyguard" soundtrack was the first album in history to sell more than 1 million copies in a single week. Houston remains one of only four women — including Britney Spears, Norah Jones and Taylor Swift — to sell more than 1 million albums in a week. The "Bodyguard" album is one of the best-sellers of all times at 17-times platinum in the U.S. alone and more than 42 million worldwide. It was also awarded with the Grammy for Album of the Year in 1994. » Houston was the first female artist to receive two diamond awards from the Recording Industry Association of America, signaling 10 million copies sold of an album or a single for the "Bodyguard" soundtrack and Whitney Houston. » While many artists have sung the "Star-Spangled Banner" at the Super Bowl — including, most recently, Kelly Clarkson — Houston's memorable, emotional rendition at the 1991 game is the only one to be certified platinum. The song regained notice following the 2001 terror attacks, when it was re-released as a single. » The incomparable "I Will Always Love You" topped the Hot 100 charts on Billboard for 14 consecutive weeks, the longest-running #1 single ever by a female artist. It is one of the best-selling U.S. singles of all time. » Houston is the only artist in pop history to land seven consecutive #1 hits. » Her second album, 1987's Whitney, was the first by a female artist to enter the Billboard 200 chart at #1. Join us for a tribute to Whitney Houston with non-stop music videos on MTV Hits and MTV Jams, all day Sunday. Share your thoughts, memories and comments on our Facebook page.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line184
__label__wiki	0.622931	0.622931	You are at:Home»News»Suspended prison sentences handed out to farm workers Suspended prison sentences handed out to farm workers By Alistair Driver on March 4, 2019 News Three farm workers who admitted abusing pigs on a Lincolnshire farm have been handed suspended prison sentences. Gavin Hardy, 39, of South Killingholme, Troy Wagstaff, 30, of Grimsby, and Artirs Grogprkevs, 32, of Goole, had all pleaded guilty at Grimsby Magistrates’ Court to causing unnecessary suffering to animals. They were secretly filmed hitting the animals and prodding them with a pitchfork at Fir Tree Farm, in Goxhill, in 2018. Sentenced on February 28, they each received an eight-week suspended prison sentence and a community order of 100 hours of unpaid work. The men, who had been warned they could face jail, were also banned from working with commercial livestock in the future. They were ordered to pay court charges. District judge Daniel Curtis said the footage was ‘sickening to watch’. “These were deliberate and gratuitous attempts to cause suffering. It was ill-treatment in a commercial context,” he said. The owners of the farm sacked the men after an investigation, describing their actions as ‘abhorrent behaviour that does not represent our business’.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line186
__label__cc	0.619719	0.380281	HELP FOR ANDREW. CAN ANYONE IDENTIFY THE DEPTFORD LOCATION IN THIS PHOTO PLEASE. This is a photo of my maternal grandfather, Douglas Jack Green, taking part in a parade somewhere in Deptford! My grandparents lived in Evelyn Street until about 1933, when they moved to Sidcup. My grandfather is the scout on the far left of the front row playing - we think - an euphonium. I know he was very involved with the scout movement. My grandmother’s full name was Ivy Gladys May Green, nee Kingston. I think she worked at the Fry’s Chocolate factory nearby. Andrew Stephen Posted by Andy at Wednesday, August 26, 2020 2 comments Links to this post Help for Kellie Im not sure if anyone will be able to help me but I stumbled on this blog about the history of Deptford. My grandmother was born in 1908 and her family came from Deptford. She was born there and at some point came to Australia with her father and the woman she believed was her mother. Unbeknownst to her her real mother was back in Deptford with her brother and went on to have a family with a new husband later on. Its a long twisted tale Im not sure how it all went down, but would love to know if you have any information on any McAlister/Turner or Lee family from the Deptford area. I am in Australia and dont know much about Deptford itself. Letter from John C. Buckley, 57 Florence Road, New Cross, Deptford, [England], to William Lloyd Garrison, July 3, [18]67 I live on Florence Road (historically in Deptford New Town) and have been trying to find out about the history of our short street and am waiting to hear back from the council's local studies team. You may already have this, but I did find a letter which was written in 57 Florence Road in 1867 by an American soldier called John C. Buckley to abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison who was coming to England which I've attached here. I wanted to get in touch to check if any readers know anything about Florence Road and its history at all? A quick search returned no results but I thought I'd try my luck and contact you as well! Thank you so much, Liz FOUL PLAY AT 17 WATERGATE STREET DEPTFORD GEORGE LEADBEATER (38) , Feloniously wounding Emily Lewis with intent to murder her. Second Count, with intent to do her grievous bodily harm. MR. GRAHAM CAMPBELL Prosecuted. EMILY LEWIS . I live at 17, Watergate St, Deptford—I am single and a laundress—I have known the prisoner between four and five years by living with him as his wife—I ceased to live with him the week before Whitsun on account of his brutality to me he turned me out—I went to live at Mrs. Cromartie's, No. 2, Riley Street and from there to 17, Water-gate Street—I saw the prisoner on October 18th at about a quarter to six; he asked me if I should like to go to a play—we went to the Star Music Hall, The Star Music Hall, Bermondsey. and from there to Peckham; we went to a public house and had two glasses of ale; he threw one over me, and I walked out and took the tram to Deptford—I went home and came out again—I met the prisoner in Watergate Street—he drew out an open knife and said, "You and me for it before twelve o'clock to-night"—that is the knife (Produced)—I said, "Before you do that think of your boys down home; never mind me, go and see to them"—he quietened down, and I asked him for a halfpenny, which he gave me—I went to the Harp of Erin Harp of Erin and got a glass of ale—he came in and landed me a blow on the face—he accused me of being with Mr. Cromartie—we were turned out of the public house—it was 11.30—Mr. Cromartie saw me home—I shut myself in the back room—three minutes later the prisoner came in; he had no boots on and a lightedmatch in one hand and the open knife in the other—he said he meant doing for me and stabbed me on my forehead three times—I tried to protect myself and got a stab in my neck and the back of my ear—I fell down on my left side—I said, "Oh, George, you have killed me, get me a drop of brandy;" he said, "My girl, I will," and jumped out at the window for it—I crawled upstairs to Mrs. Iiford's room—when he brought the brandy he had a cut on his hand—I was taken to Princes Street Police Station Prince St Police Station and from there to the infirmary—I remained there till last Tuesday. The Prisoner. I had been out drinking with my brother-in-law; I was drunk; all I know is we went out for a walk; I do not know anything about beer being thrown over her; after we went to Peckham I do not know what happened; I did not recollect anything till Sunday morning. By the COURT. The prisoner unloads bricks from barges—there is not a quieter man when he is sober. JOHN THOMAS KIDDES . I am landlord of the Harp of Erin, King Street , Deptford—Emily Lewis was in my house on Saturday, October 18th about 11 p.m.—she had a glass of ale—the prisoner rushed into the bar and started using bad language, so I had him put out—he was perfectly sober—he called her filthy names and said she had been deceiving him. The Prisoner. If he says I was sober he is telling a falsehood; I do not even recollect seeing him. JOHN WILLIAM AMOS . I am a labourer of 17, Watergate Street Deptford—at 11.20 on October 18th I saw the prisoner in my back room—I asked him what business he had there; he said, "All right, Jack"—he came out at the door with a lighted match—he had a knife in his hand or a dagger—he shut it up and put it in his pocket—he rushed out of the passage—that made me suspicious, and I burst open the door of the back room—I saw Emily Lewis, who was a stranger to me, lying face downwards in a pool of blood—I went for help, and when I came back she had crawled upstairs under my adopted son's bed—Mrs. Cromartie and myself found her there, and put her on the door-step till the constable took her. By the COURT. I know the prisoner by sight—I have seen him in the place three or four times—I believe he is some relation of Mr. Cromartie, but what I cannot say—I believe he was the worse for liquor, but I cannot say he was drunk. EMMA CROMARTIE . I am the wife of George Cromartie, of 17, Watergate Street, Deptford—at the end of August, Emily Lewis came to live at my house—on October 18th, at about 11.45, I found her in the back room and brought her down into my room—I saw the prisoner there; he brought a cup with some brandy or whisky in it—I took it out of his hand and said, "Leave my room, you brute"—he went away, and I did not see him any more until he was at Princess Street Station—I helped the constable lead Emily Lewis to the station, where her wounds were stitched up. WILLIAM WIGGINS . I am assistant medical superintendent of Greenwich Infirmary GREENWICH Infirmary Emily Lewis was brought to me on October 19th, at 2.30 a.m.; she was very faint from loss of blood—I found a wound 2 1/2 inches long over her right eye, and eight punctured wounds in her neck, chiefly in the back—they varied in depth from 1 inch to 2 1/2 inches; one of them reachedas far as the spinal column; the wound over her eye reached down to the scalp—there was a cut on her left arm and left hand, a contusion over her left eye and a cut on her lip—the wounds were such as might be caused by the knife produced—she remained at the infirmary till November 4th—dodo of the wounds of themselves would be fatal, but they were dangerous if either of the wounds in the neck had severed the jugular vein or one of the main arteries she would have lived but a few minutes—the position of the wounds was dangerous. FRANK BEVIS (Police Sergeant R.) On October 19th, at 1 a.m., I saw the prisoner at 29, Charles Street (now Comet PlaceI said, "I am a police sergeant and shall arrest you for attempting to murder by stabbing Emily Lewis on head, neck, and arms at 17, Watergate Street at ten o'clock to-night"—he said, "I caught her with George Cromartie; I meant her murder; I wish the knife was longer so that it would have put her out; I wish I had the chance to do it now"—I produced the knife, and he said, "That is the knife I did it with"—I took him to the station—he was afterwards charged, when he said, "Very good, this is what a man will do when he is mad wild"—on being taken from the dock he said, "I meant to kill Cromartie as well"—when I arrested him he appeared to be perfectly sober. Prisoner's defence. "I did not understand the charge when it was read over to me. I did not recollect anything that night. I plead for mercy. I do not know what I did it for. I had no cause for it. GUILTY on the Second Count only. Three years' penal servitude. Report from the Old Bailey Records Posted by Andy at Wednesday, July 01, 2020 1 comments Links to this post St Nicholas Church Deptford 1966. Original new photograph sent to me by an interested subscriber. Posted by Andy at Saturday, June 27, 2020 0 comments Links to this post Deptford Water Works Chimney Demolition 1966 I was sent this old photo showing Deptford Waterworks chimney demolition. Can anyone tell me what location the photo was taken from. Thanks. Rank Flower Mill 1966. Mumford’s Flour Mills were founded in 1790, built beside Deptford Creek. The mills were supplied by small craft entering the Creek from the Thames. Mumford’s Mills flourished throughout the 19th century. It should be noted that 11 Mills were recorded in the Domesday Book (1086), all standing on the River Ravensbourne. Because Mumford’s Mill was not erected until 1790, it is not one of those 11 ancient mills. A new large mill was erected 1897, designed by Sir Aston Webb and Ingress Bell. There are large inscriptions at the top of the building showing ‘1790, 1897, Mumford’s Greenwich Flour Mills’ and ’S P Mumford & Co’. In the 1930s the building was acquired by the Rank Group. Since then the building has stood empty for several decades. The Rank Group was founded by Joseph Rank in 1875 as a flour milling business and is still in existence today, now known as Rank Hovis McDougal (RHM). Incidentally, the equally famous J Arthur Rank film business was also started by a member of the same family. My thanks to "Know Your London"for historic information Help for Louise Hi guys it’s a long shot but I’m looking for my grandad I have a very limited amount I know about him. His name is Sidney William Nicholls he lived at 23 Hyde street deptford in 1963&64 he lived with his dad who I believe is Sidney Nicholls (He was a lorry driver) & younger brother. I believe he would now be around 80 He was in to motorbikes and tattoos other than that I don’t know much 🙁 Deptford Babies Hospital. Different view looking West towards the High St. Posted by Andy at Saturday, April 04, 2020 0 comments Links to this post Leighs Story I was born in Deptford in 1957. Number 9 (I think) Walnut House, Edward Street. I have very vague memories of going to Edward St nursery school. This next photo was taken by my brother, I have vivid memories of looking at him with his box brownie camera and Walnut house behind him. From this view, obviously taken on my birthday you can see they playground in front of Walnut house. My family name was Morris, my first name was pretty unusual at the time, being Leigh. Perhaps someone remembers my family. My dad Joe was one of identical twins married to my mum, Joy. I had an older brother Steve. I remember we used to go to the local baths (not swimming) but for taking a bath and doing your weekly wash, we obviously didn’t have a bathroom in our flat. It may have been in Evelyn Street. I remember a sweet shop just under some railway arches? and in another street nearby either a pet shop or a shop that had a minah bird in a cage outside that would talk to passers by. In those days your local doctor was a family one and would come and pay home visits. Ours was a Dr Conway, does anyone remember him ? On one occasion he was visiting to see my father (who was a steel-erector and had fallen through a roof damaging his back) when he saw that I was having a severe asthma attack. We had no home telephones in those days, so he had to run to the local call box to dial for an ambulance. One of many I’m afraid. I spent more time in Lewisham hospital than in school! The air pollution was pretty bad in those days often with thick “pea souper” smog. I do remember we also had a smallpox outbreak in London and everyone had to be vaccinated. I attach a copy of a photo of myself (aged around) 3Yrs I guess immediately taken after that. I am the first one. We don’t look too impressed do we ? The Fountain, 36 Deptford Broadway, Deptford SE8 Thomas Randall and Sons in the back yard of the Old Fountain How things change Posted by Andy at Wednesday, March 04, 2020 0 comments Links to this post Deptford Green The Peppercorn Brothers Deptford Broadway Not quite sure where on the Broadway they were. Can anyone help with identifying their location Please. This Pewter teapot was sold by them Trying to find out about the Mantles & Gitshams from Mill Street Dear Andy, I have put a post up on the Carrington post, but didn't get any replies so hoping you could put a separate post for me to assist with my search for info. I have written the following that you could cut and paste into the post if that makes things easier' I am a great granddaughter of Maria Mantle, whose parents Uriah and Sarah Gitsham, ran the Freemason's Arms, a pretty down and out alehouse in Mill St. The alehouse was eventually closed and buildings demolished and replaced by Carrington House. In trying to trace the movements of the family after leaving the Mill St address, I haven't been able to find information. Maria eventually emigrated to Melbourne Australia but shipping records not clear in determining her arrival date. She gave birth to my grandfather in December 1899 out of wedlock. His birth certificate does not record a father's name. Maria's mother, Sarah Gitsham seems to have been a bit of a tough old chook, remarrying a Daniel Hone and having more children post Uriah. She also seems to have visited Melbourne at least once. If anyone can help me out on my quest to learn more about the Gitshams and Mantles of the former Mill St I would greatly appreciate any information that you can provide. Thanks for putting this up on your website. Posted by Andy at Tuesday, March 03, 2020 1 comments Links to this post Photo on the Deptford Fund Hospital for Sick Babies Babies Hospital located at 36, 38 Albury Street. Also could have been at number 34 as well. Posted by Andy at Friday, February 21, 2020 0 comments Links to this post Jeff Memories of Carrington House HI Andy?, I was born in the old St. Alfages hospital in Greenwich in 1950.Apparently I was not thriving as I should as my Mum was terrified of the ward sister which caused problems with feeding me. My Dad decided to kidnap us both and we came home to the family residence at 39 St. Donatts Road, New Cross. I went to school at St. James's in the road of the same name, New Cross and later went to Addey and Stanhope grammar school (known by us as Study and No Hope) In New Cross Road Deptford. I well remember Carrington House and the forboding presence it cast over Brookmill Road and the surrounding area. When I was 15, I had a girlfriend who had a horse. She was so devoted to it that she turned up on it one day ....for a date at the pictures at the local fleapit (Deptfor Odeon). I told her that the place was pretty bad but didn't think they would let her and her horse in. As I recall a few of the local girls kept horses in the stables in Mechanics Passage where the totters kept theirs. In the 1070s, I started a long career driving buses and often drove the 47 past Carrington House and in the mid 1980s the 53 past the end of Brookmill Road. Looking back we seemed to enjoy our simple lifestyle and seemed a lot healthier for it. Thank you for all the lovely memories contained in your blog. EXCELL FOUNDRY Co. New Cross Road I wonder if you are able to help me. I recently purchased a cast iron name plate. On the back is written… The Excell Foundry Co 489a New Cross Road London SE 14 I have been unable to find any information on this foundry. Does anyone have any information on it? Steve Frampton Trading in Number Plates since 1975 www.frampers.com Posted by Andy at Thursday, November 21, 2019 0 comments Links to this post Deptford Ragged School Archive Heritage Open Day My name is Katharine and I am currently running (on a part-time, voluntary basis) the Deptford Ragged School Archive which is based in The Bear Church/Shaftesbury Christian Centre, Frankham St, Deptford. Since Jan 2019 I and a group of volunteers have been meeting once a month to catalogue and document the archive, making it publicly available, recording the collection on our Deptford Ragged School Archive page of eHive. One day we hope to list everything we’ve got on there. We’re finding out some great stories about the history of the Deptford Ragged School dating back to 1844, the year it was started. I’m actually getting in touch to invite you all to the Deptford Ragged School Open Day on Saturday 21st Sept, 13:30-17:00 Shaftesbury Christian Centre, Frankham St, Deptford Look forward to seeing you all Posted by Andy at Friday, September 06, 2019 2 comments Links to this post Help for Ralph Deptford Football Club Bronze Athletic I am trying to gather more information on the former Deptford Football Club Bronze Athletic who played there home games on the ground at the end of Yeoman Street off of Plough Road, Deptford. They seem to have become defunct about the time of the First World War. The reason for all this is the action photo I have included. When I tried to get more information on Twitter three separate people suggested the photo could be of Bronze Athletic and one suggested the chimneys in the photo could be the old Deptford Power Station. If it is the DPS the photo could have been taken close by to Bronze Street which may be how the club got their name. I’ll include an accompanying team photo just in case. Any help would be so gratefully received. Ralph Sheridan. Posted by Andy at Thursday, July 25, 2019 3 comments Links to this post Help for Glyn My wife's family came from Deptford. Their family name is POOLE. We know they lived in 5 Evelyn Place, Deptford in 1881 (from the census) and later had a butcher's shop at 168 Grove Street. The son (my wife's grandfather) lived at 162 Grove Street and later at 125 Grove Street. Her great grandmother had a sweet shop at 1 Tanner's Hill. See photo. This was taken in 1919. But we know nothing about it. If you know anything we would be interested to hear. Glyn Wise Posted by Andy at Monday, March 11, 2019 1 comments Links to this post My name is Marian Jessie Bravery (nee Lewington) and I was born in Deptford in November 1936. My parents were Minnie Louisa Lewington (nee Barker) and Leonard John Lewington from Rotherhithe. My mum and Dad lived, with me, at 71 Windmill Lane until we were bombed out near the beginning of the Second World War. Although I was just a toddler at that time I do have some memories of the house. I remember crying when my mum told me that my teddy bear had been looted after the bombing because I used to cuddle him at the foot of the stairs.He was almost the same size as I was, so he was a large teddy! I also remember my mum took me to a grocer shop on a corner off Windmill Lane owned by a nice man called Harry Bloor who used to give me offcuts of breakfast sausage. And my mum used to push me, in my pushchair when going for walks, over the Surrey Canal. I later discovered that my mum's sister, Ada lived next door, with her husband Leslie. Leslie was later called up and got captured in Singapore immediately they arrived, poor man, and suffered ill health even though he did survive. My aunt Ada spent the whole of the war years not knowing whether he was alive or dead but he turned up at my Granny Barker's flat in Renforth Street, Rotherhithe in 1946! Our large family took care of me and mum after 71 Windmill Lane was destroyed so we were never without a bed. There is so much more to say (like when I got strafed while walking in Deptford High Street with my mum when I was six and living in Edward Street with my Aunt Flo, Uncle Frank Bennett and cousin Frankie ~ but I don't want to go on too long until I know that I might get a reply to this email. Although I now live in New Zealand, I still love, deep in my heart, Deptford, Rotherhithe and Surrey Docks area. Posted by Andy at Thursday, December 27, 2018 6 comments Links to this post Help for Pat Does anyone remember my Grandad from Edward Street, Deptford? I have the original newspaper this was from. I lived in Clyde Street, Deptford. My name was Pat Hill, and I had a brother Bob, and my parents names were Charles and Vi Hill. Any replies would be interesting. Posted by Andy at Saturday, July 07, 2018 4 comments Links to this post Help for Ron I wonder if I'm the only one old enough to remember Windmill Lane, and in particular the building shown in my attachment. I recently purchased a photograph taken shortly after a bomb destroyed the Chichester pub which was on the corner of Windmill Lane and Evelyn St. 1943. It revived the curiosity I always felt when I passed this building 80 years ago. It looks similar to the houses next door, but had an industrial gate on the ground floor, and no windows.....just an open space above the door. The house next door is I believe No. 2, and I know who occupied it between 1930 and 1940. An old map from c.1900 suggests that there may have been a way to access the school from W.L. at this point. I have looked in several Directories going back to 1880 but can find no reference to a business at this location. My only guess is that it could have been a house, later converted to a loading bay for horse-drawn carts. Anybody know? Posted by Andy at Tuesday, May 22, 2018 10 comments Links to this post Bronze Street Deptford Most family's kept chickens in Deptford hence "OVUM" CHICKEN feed being sold at the corner shop, well I think so? Posted by Andy at Thursday, March 29, 2018 2 comments Links to this post The Albury Street Masquerade: The Ripper's Story London 1890, The murder of Alice Mckenzie, not attributed to Jack the Ripper. A genetic research scientist, whose aim is to discover if a ‘Killer gene’ exists if so can it be removed? His research becomes an obsession when he learns from his ghostly great-great-grandmother, that his origins begin with her and a man, William, known as Jack The Ripper. The writer gives us a new perspective on Jack, that of a loving man until his life crashes in on him with his marriage. The scientist inherited a family home on Albury Street, Deptford, haunted by his dead relatives. Wanting to help their descendants, they demand he takes his troubles there, where they can deal with them quickly and permanently. His dead great-great-grandmother wishes to smooth his way in life because she could not help her son born in an asylum after she was committed there for the murder of William, aka Jack The Ripper, the father of the child. The researcher accepts her help, and that of the dead William, alas, their solutions are final, and murder follows his family line of which he plans to be the last one, a path fraught and dangerous and one he can never win. The writer uses real incidents of bodies found on the Thames embankment and around the country through the decades, all unnamed and unclaimed by society. Interesting read. Can get from here https://www.amazon.co.uk/Albury-Street-Masquerade-Rippers-Story/dp/1976822645/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1522070259&sr=1-1-fkmr0&keywords=the+albert+street+masquerade+paperback Interesting facts about Deptford from the book " Curiosities of Great Briton." By Thomas Dugdale, William Burnett DEPTFORD was anciently denominated West Greenwich. From a small fishing village, it has risen to a large, flourishing, and populous town. The situation of this place, on the banks of the Ravensbourne, gave rise to its present name, originally spelr Depeford, from the deep ford, which has been superseded by a bridge over that river. It was also named Deptford Strond; an appellation afterwards solely appropriated to what is now called the lower town, included in the parish of Deptford St. Nicholas: the upper town is in that of Deptford St. Paul, which was constituted a distinct parish in 1730. A royal dock was established here, by Henry VIII., in the beginning of his reign. Since that period, the town has progressively increased; its population having augmented in the proportion of twenty to one, though it experienced a considerable check in 1665 and 1666, when nearly 900 persons died here of the plague. The manor was given by the Conqueror to Gilbert de Magnimot, who made it the head of his barony, and erected a castle here, every part of which has been long since buried in its own ruins. After passing through the hands of numerous possessors, the manor was resumed by the crown at the restoration. The manor-house, with its surrounding estate, which had obtained the name of Sayes Court, from its having been long held by the Says, became, in 1651, the residence of John Evelyn, Esq., the celebrated author of the Sylva; and to him, in 1663, Charles II. granted a new lease, at a reserved annual rent of 22s. 6d. This gentleman passed much of his time in retirement, " at this his favourite spot." His gardens are said to have been the wonder and admiration of the greatest men of his time: in the life of Lord Keeper Guidford, they are described as "most boscaresque; being, as it were, an examplar of his book of forest trees." The severe frost of the winter of the year 1682, did considerable damage here; but a more complete destruction was made by Peter the Great, to whom Mr. Evelyn lent bis house and grounds, whilst he was obtaining a knowledge of the science and practice of naval architecture in the adjoining dock-yard, in 1698. Mr. Evelyn died in 1706. The house and gardens were afterwards entirely neglected; and there is not now the least trace of either: the present workhouse was built on the site of the Charitable institutions. Deptford, so named from a deep ford. The manor of Sir John Evelyn, the author of Sylva. Lamentable fire in 1652, Great im provent for maritime purposes. Dsptford. I former, in the year 1729. The estate, however, which includes the site « the present victualling-house, and of a large dock-yard, is still vested in the Evelyns. A lamentable fire happened at Deptford, in 1652; any nineteen years afterwards the lower town was inundated by a great flooi which rose to the height of ten feet in the streets near the river, so tha: the inhabitants were obliged to retire to the upper town in boats. The adjoining marshes were also overflowed, and about 700 sheep, with a great number of oxen, cows, &c. were destroyed. Sir Thomas Wyat lay = night and a day at Deptford, with his army, in the year 1553. The Royaidock, or King's-yard, has been greatly enlarged and improved since iti original establishment. It is managed under the immediate inspection of the navy board: the resident officers are a clerk of the cheque, a storekeeper, a master shipwright, and his assistants, a clerk of the survey, a master attendant, a surgeon, and various inferior officers. The number of artificers and labourers employed here is about 1,500: even in times of peace, the general number is upwards of 1,000. The whole extent of the yard includes about thirty-one acres, which are occupied by various buildings; two wet docks, a double and a single one; three slips for men of war; a basin, two mast ponds; a model-loft; mast-houses; a large smith's shop, with about twenty forges lor anchors; sheds for timber, &c The old store-house is a quadrangular pile, and appears to have consisted originally only of the range on the north side; where, on what was formerly the front of the building, is the date 1513, together with the initials H.R. in a cypher, and the letters A.X. for Anno Christi. The buildings on the east, west, and south sides of the quadrangle, have been erected at different times; and a double front, towards the north, was added in 1721. Another store-house, parallel to the above, and of the same length, having sail and rigging lofts, was completed a few years ago: and there is also a long range of smaller store-houses, that was built under the direction of Sir Charles Middleton, afterwards Lord Barham, about the year 1780. The other buildings consist of various workshops and houses for the officers, where some of the largest ships in the navy have been built. On the north of the King's-yard stands the victualling-office, sometimes called the Red-house, from its occupying the site of a large range of store-houses, constructed with red bricks, which was burnt down in July, 1639, together with all its stores. Being rebuilt, it was included in the grant of Sayes court to Sir John Evelyn, in 1726; and was then described as 870 feet in length, 35 feet wide, and containing 100 warehouses. These premises were for some time rented by the East India company; but being re-purchased of the Evelyns by the crown, a new victualling-house was built on the spot in 1745, to replace the old victualling-office on Tower-hill. This new building was also accidentally burnt in 1749, with great quantities of stores and provisions. The immense pile which now forms the victualling office, has been erected at I different times since that period; and consists of many ranges of building, I appropriated to the various establishments necessary in the important concern of victualling the navy. In addition to the Royal-dock, here are two large private yards for ship building, belonging to Messrs. Barnards and Roberts, where men of war, of seventy-four guns, are sometimes built. Here is also a large and commodious commercial dock, which was opened on the 30th of June, 1809. Itwas intended principally for the receptionof foreign merchantmen engaged in the Baltic trade. It was formerly known by the name of the Greenland dock; in which several alterations and improvements were made, and an entirely new range of store houses was erected. The Lord Mayor's barge, handsomely decorated, was the first to enter; the whole ceremony was conducted with much pomp and splendour: and, as a close of the proceedings, a party of about 150 persons partook of an elegant dinner in one of the store-houses. 'The town of Deptford contains two churches; the oldest is dedicated to St. Nicholas, from time immemorial, I Commercial dock.trie patron of sea-faring men; and the other to St. Paul. St. Nicholas church consists of a nave, chancel, and aisles, with an embattled tower of flint and stone, of a date long prior to the body of the fabric, which was rebuilt in 1697, on account of the great increase of inhabitants. In the chancel, against the north wall, within the recess for the altar, is the monument of Captain Edward Fenton, who accompanied Sir Martin Frobisher in his second and third voyages, and had himself the command of an expedition for the discovery of a north-west passage. Near this is a tablet inscribed to Henry Roger Boyle, eldest son to Richard, Earl of \| Corke, who died at a school in Deptford, in 1615; and a neat mural monument to the memory of George Shelvock, Esq., secretary of the general post-office, and F.R.S., who, at a very early period of life, attended his father in a voyage round the world. The tomb of Captain George Shelvocke is near the east end of the chancel, on the outside; he was descended of an ancient Shropshire family, and bred to the sea service under Admiral Benbow. Against the east wall, to the north of the altar recess, is the monument of Peter Pett, Esq., a master shipwright in the King's-yard, whose family were long distinguished for their superior talents in ship- I building; and who was himself the first inventor of that useful ship of war, I a frigate: he died in 1652. On the opposite wall is a mural monument, with a long inscription, in memory of Sir Richard Browne, Knt., of Sayes court, who was " Governor of the United Netherlands, and was afterwards, by Queen Elizabeth, made Clerk of the Green Cloth, in which honourable office he continued under King James, till the time of his death, in May, 1604, aged sixty-five years;" of Christopher Browne, Esq., his son, who died in March, 1645, at the age of seventy; of Sir Richard Browne, knight and baronet, only son of Christopher; and of their respective wives. Many other monuments and inscriptions are in this church: among them a slab in the pavement of the north aisle marks the burial-place of Mr. John Benbow, eldest son of the gallant Admiral Benbow, who died at the age of twenty-seven, November, 1708. The register of this parish records the following instances of longevity: Maudlin Augur, buried in December, 1672, aged 106; Catherine Perry, buried in December, 1676, by her own report, 110 years old; Sarah Mayo, buried in August, 1705, aged 102; and Elizabeth Wiborn, buried in December, 1714, in her 101st year. The church of St. Paul is a handsome stone fabric, erected under the provisions of certain acts passed in the ninth and tenth years of Queen Anne, for the building of fifty new churches in and near London. It has a well-proportioned spire at the west end : the roof is sustained by columns of the Corinthian order; the pews are of Dutch oak, and the whole inte- rior is neatly fitted up. On the north side of the altar, against the east wall, is an elegant mural monument, by Nollekins, in memory of James Sayer, Esq., Vice-Admiral of the White, son of John Sayer, and Catherine, his wife, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Rear-Admiral Robert Hughes, and Lydia, his wife, who all lie buried in the old church of this town, with many of their issue. On the south side of the chancel is a sumptuous monument, displaying a sarcophagus, surmounted by a large urn of statuary marble, partly covered with a mantle, in memory of Matthew Finch, gentleman, who died in 1745; and on the nprth side is another splendid monument, in commemoration of Mary Finch, daughter of the above, and wife to Richard Hanwell, of Oxford, gentleman, who died in 1754. Among the tombs in the church-yard, is one in memory of Margaret Hawtree, a famous midwife, who died in 1734, inscribed as She was an indulgent mother, and the best of wives: She brought into this world more than three thousand Uvea! Mrs. Hawtree gave a silver basin, for christenings, to this parish, and another to that of St. Nicholas. Mr. Isaac Blight, ship-breaker, of Green- land-dock, who was killed by a pistol-shot, as he was sleeping in his chair in his back parlour, was also buried in this church-yard. A. man of the name of Richard Patch, who had been taken into the employment of , the deceased, out of motives of charity, about three years before, and was his confidential servant, was tried on suspicion of the murder, convicted upon a chain of the most satisfactory evidence, and executed on the 8th of April, 1806. For a long time great interest was excited by the trial and execution of this man. The register records the burial of Margaret Haley, who died in March, 1739-40, aged 100, and upwards. The rectory-house is a handsome edifice. This parish contains about 1DO0 acres of lands; of which from 900 to 1100 are marsh and pasture; about 550 arable; ani 250 occupied by market gardeners, who are famed for the growth of asparagus and onions. Here are several meeting-houses for Methodists, Independents, Quakers, Ana-, baptists, and other sects. In this parish stands one of the telegraphs I which communicate with the admiralty and Dover. The Surrey and' Croydon canals also pass through and communicate with each other in this parish. The corporation or society of the Trinity-house, the meetings of which are now held in a handsome building on Tower-hill, was originally established at Deptford, in the reign of Henry VIII., and incorporated by the name of " The Master, Warden, and Assistants, of the Guild or Fraternity of the most glorious and undivided Trinity, and of St. Clement, in the parish of Deptford Strond." The ancient hall, in which the members continued to assemble at this place, was pulled down about the year 1787, on the erection of the Trinity-house in London; but here are still two hospitals belonging to the corporation. The old hospital, which adjoins to St. Nicholas church-yard, was founded in the time of Henry VIII., and originally contained twenty-one apartments; bat on its being pulled down and rebuilt in 1788, the number was increased to twenty-five. That called Trinity-hospital, which stands in Church-street, was erected towards the end of the 17th century, on a piece of ground given for the purpose, in 1672, by Sir Richard Brown, the younger, baronet, of Sayes court, who was an elder brother and master of the Trinity-house. It consists of fifty-six apartments, forming a spacious quadrangle, in the centre of which is placed a statue of Captain Richard Maples, who, in 1680, bequeathed £1,300 towards the building. The pensioners in both hospitals consist of decayed pilots, and masters of ships, or their widows: the annual allowance to the widows and single men is about £18; the married men receive about £28 yearly. Here are numerous charitable establishments. In those founded previously to the year 1730, both parishes have a joint interest. In Butt-lane is a charitv- school, under the direction of twelve trustees, endowed for the education and clothing of 100 boys and girls, who are apprenticed out. The school house was erected about the year 1722, on a piece of ground given for the purpose, by Mr. Robert Gransden; whose daughter, Mrs. Mary Gransden, in 1719, bequeathed £80 towards the building; and also gave a farm in Essex, and the ground rents of two tenements in St. Bartholomew's-lane, London (since sold to the Directors of the Bank for £1,300), towards the endowment of the school: the whole expense of the building amounted to about £740. Besides the children educated in this school, between twenty and thirty others are taught elsewhere, with the produce of different bene- factions. A bequest of £200 was made by Mr. John Addey, a master builder in the King's-yard, in the year 1606, for the purchase of land. With this sum the Gravelpit-field, Deptford, was bought, the annual rents of which now amount to more than £280. The Gun-tavern in this town is said to have been the residence of the Earl of Nottingham, Lord Admiral to Queen Elizabeth, whose arms, encircled by the garter, are carved in wood over the chimney-piece of a large dining-room. Sir Thomas Smith, who was sent ambassador to the court of Russia by James I., had a magnificent house at Deptford, which was burnt down on the 20th of January, 1613. Cowley, the poet, was also a resident here for a considerable period. In the year 1753, an act was passed for paving and cleaning the streets, and for the better relief and employment of the poor. The bridge over the Ravensbourne, which was formerly of wood, but rebuilt of stone at the sole cost of Charles I., in 1C28, has been rendered more commodious of late years, at the expense of the parishioners. Here, previously to the battle of Blackheath, in the reign of Henry VII., was a skirmish between Lord Dawbeney's troops and "certayne archers of the rebelles; whose arrowes, as is reported, were in length a full yerde." The population of this town are chiefly employed in the dock-yards, or engaged in maritime pursuits. An extensive manufacture of earthenware, called Deptford ware, is successfully caried on here.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line188
__label__wiki	0.876286	0.876286	China’s Gays and Lesbians Vow Not to Marry Heterosexuals Members of LGBT community come out against sham marriages. Qian Jinghua Chinese gays and lesbians took to social media on Friday with the message “I’m gay and I won’t marry a straight person.” On Thursday, online media portal Tencent News published a photo essay on the stories of tongqi — straight women who unknowingly married gay men — and the confusion and shame they have endured. The story claims there are 16 million women in such marriages in China. The gay and lesbian community in China responded with a social media selfie campaign holding signs reading “I’m gay and I won’t marry a straight person” to show solidarity with heterosexuals in these sham marriages. PFLAG China — an NGO that supports LGBT people — is promoting the campaign, which has been viewed nearly 1.5 million times on microblogging platform Weibo as of Friday evening. 1/7 Parents vow not to pressure their gay children into heterosexual marriages, and support the legalization of same-sex marriage, April 8, 2016. @同性恋亲友会 from Weibo 2/7 Gays and lesbians hold signs saying they won’t marry heterosexuals, April 8, 2016. @同性恋亲友会 from Weibo Li Peng, 29, the first person to post a photo, told Sixth Tone “We want the public to know that most gay men would never choose heterosexual marriage." That perhaps sounds like it should be self-evident, but in China many gay men feel pressured to marry, and the women in sham marriages feel caught, fearing a divorce will bring shame. Some in the LGBT community feel coverage of tongqi marriages in Chinese media has demonized gay men as dishonest and abusive cheats, fueling negative attitudes towards the broader LGBT community. Friday's “I’m gay and I won’t marry a straight person” campaign aims to counter these perceptions by linking the issue of tongqi with gay and lesbian rights. One post shows a selfie of a gay couple with the text: “I’m gay, I’ve had a failed straight marriage that was very painful, so I don’t support gay people entering heterosexual marriages. I have my gay lover, we support the end of discrimination and call for the legalization of same-sex marriage.” (Header image: Two men from China hold hands at a mass wedding ceremony in Los Angeles, California, U.S., June 9, 2015. VCG)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line190
__label__wiki	0.967002	0.967002	e. info@puredesigngroup.co.uk Blog \| About Pure Illustration \| Contact Us \| Be a Pure Artist \| Privacy Policy \| Terms & Conditions \| Search for artwork Search for images by keyword, reference number, and artist name. or view our latest artwork. Artists & keywords Not sure what to search for? Try selecting one of our artists or clicking on a popular keyword. Select an artist... Alison Vickery Amanda Lewis Charlie Davis Charlotte Hardy Deva Evans Hazel Kelly Jan Brewerton Jane Skingley Jayne Ward Jo English Reginald Swinney Roland Gurr-Horn Shyama Ruffell Susan Haseltine Tony Parsons Everyday Images (990) All Occasion (982) Coastal (174) show all keywords... Grandmother (119), Thank You (102), Get Well (76), Daughter (76), Sailing (75), Boat (66), Bird (57), Tea (57), Animals (48), Sea (47), Countryside (44), New Home (43), Country (35), Cake (34), Male (33), Fathers Day (31), Fashion (29), Anniversary (29), Party (27), Mum/ Mom (27), Home (25), Wedding (22), Dad (21), Nautical (20), Coffee (20), Friends / Friendship (20), Shopping (19), Bird House (16), Travel (16), Holiday (15), Garden (14), Nature (13), Alcohol (13), Romantic (13), Juvenile (12), Valentines (11), House (11), Love (11), Seasonal (10), Christmas (10), Farming (10), Beach (9), Shoes (9), Sympathy (9), Tree (9), Gardening (8), Childrens (8), Baby (7), Summer (7), Thinking Of You (7), Foliage (7), Transport (7), New Baby (7), Sport (7), Spring (7), Heart (6), Engagement (6), Granddaughter (6), Fruit & Vegetables (6), Tropical (6), Celebrate (5), Fishing (5), Bon Voyage (5), Boy (5), London (5), Dog (4), Easter (4), Children (4), Girl (4), Retirement (4), Winter (4), Butterfly (4), Niece (4), Typography (3), Many Happy Returns (3), Moving Home (3), Religious (3), Cute (3), Kitchen (3), Town (3), Grandfather (3), New Years (3), Cooking (3), Figurative (2), Fish (2), Village (2), Couple (2), Cow (2), Craft (2), Snow Scene (2), Family (2), Church (2), Sorry (2), Rose (2), Congratulations (2), Deer (2), Stockings (1), Cat (1), Parks (1), Employment (1), Gifts (1), Presents (1), Religion (1), Sister (1), Jobs (1), Wife (1), Golf (1), Snow (1), Fairy (1), Christmas Tree (1), Wildlife (1), Good Luck (1), Robin (1), Snowman (1), Fox (1), Work (1), Leaves (1), Wreath (1), Decorations (1), Grandson (1), Car (1) Access your lightbox To access your lightbox and access certain areas of the website you must login. Registration is free and only takes a moment. Departments Fine Art Charlotte Hardy Charlotte Hardy Charlotte Hardy is a painter and illustrator working in South London. Charlotte is inspired by her love of pattern and decoration. References include interiors, cafes, shop displays, flowers and plants. Her work is both loosely expressive and closely observed. The work has a whimsical quality to it and a delightful richness. Charlotte Studied at Winchester School of Art before graduating with a first class honours in Textile Design from Manchester Metropolitan University. She has since worked as an artist and illustrator of editorial content and book covers. Her work has been exhibited nationally and printed as stationary internationally. 00032838CH 00015989CHa 00006486CHb	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line192
__label__cc	0.700698	0.299302	Home / Admin / Poll / Commons blocks 16/17 year olds from voting in EU referendum Commons blocks 16/17 year olds from voting in EU referendum Admin, Poll The House of Commons has voted to overturn a decision made by the House of Lords to allow 16 and 17 year olds to vote in the EU referendum, to be held by 2017. They voted 303 to 235, rejecting the plans after a short debate. The government opposed the change to the election franchise, but Labour, the SNP and the Lib Dems were all in favour. The Lord's decision was able to be overturned as it had financial implications, the BBC reports. The government estimated that it would cost £6m. Should they be allowed top vote? Have your say in our poll or comment in the section below: Commons blocks 16/17 year olds from voting in EU referendum Reviewed by Admin on 21:14 Rating: 5	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line194
__label__cc	0.577266	0.422734	The Route is a network linking the most important synagogue buildings in Slovakia. Some are active houses of worship, while others serve today as cultural venues. Several historic Jewish cemeteries are also included. Click on the map to learn more about Route sites in various regions in Slovakia. THE GATEWAY TO JEWISH HERITAGE IN SLOVAKIA Our online resources provide information about major Jewish sites around the country. The material covers a range of topics and is oriented to scholars as well to the general public. The MONUMENTS DATABASE features details on hundreds of Jewish heritage sites we have documented throughout Slovakia. We began our work in 2001 as Synagoga Slovaca, a project aimed at documenting the scores of synagogues, many of them in ruinous condition, that still stand in all corners of the country. We are gradually adding cemeteries, cemetery chapels, mikvaot (ritual baths), school buildings, other Jewish communal buildings and Holocaust memorials. Material in the database includes historical and architectural information as well as photographs. The SLOVAK JEWISH HERITAGE ROUTE promotes the country's most important Jewish heritage sites and integrates them into national and local cultural, educational and tourism contexts. The Route is associated with the European Routes of Jewish Heritage, which has been declared a Major Cultural Route of the Council of Europe. We organize SLOVAK JEWISH HERITAGE TOURS in cooperation with a leading touroperator Enjoy Slovakia DMC. These projects and other activities of our Center are part of a long-term vision that includes the establishment of a sustainable and multi-faceted SLOVAK JEWISH HERITAGE PROGRAM. We strongly believe that our work can foster a desire - and a commitment - to seek sustainable frameworks for the maintenance and restoration of these important yet all-too-often neglected heritage sites. Only through such strategies can we contribute to the preservation of Slovak Jewish monuments as part of Slovakia's overall multicultural heritage.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line199
__label__cc	0.573794	0.426206	Snohomish: Then and Now Repeat Photographs and Essays by Warner Blake Snohomish Now and Then: A train station here? [singlepic id=254 w=550 h=386 float=none] J.Craig Thorpe Rendering (Click to Enlarge) We are flipping the adjectives of our blog title this month over our excitement to be sharing with you a future idea for the Centennial Trail Station and Interpretive Center at First Street. The original watercolor rendering by J. Craig Thorpe was unveiled this past weekend as part of the celebration marking the first train to reach Snohomish 125 years ago on September 19, 1888. Snohomish City Council Members unanimously approved to commission Thorpe to produce a conceptualization of what a station in downtown Snohomish might look like after some 70 years without passenger train service, although freight service continued to mid-1990s. The station could accommodate plans for the return of an excursion train to Snohomish. The Eastside TRailway Alliance was formed in 2012, joining the cities of Snohomish and Woodinville, along with various groups and business, including wineries. The Alliance is committed to both rail and trail development and is devoted to seeing the Eastside Rail Corridor improve and expand for public benefit – in other words, building upon the same rail route that was established 125 years ago. Working with the new rail operator Eastside Community Rail, the Alliance is developing plans to establish a Taste of Washington excursion train. Over the horizon may be commuter rail service, from a station south of the Snohomish River, connecting our city to Bellevue to the south and Everett to the west. Modern self-propelled rail cars, called “diesel multiple unit” (DMU), are as quiet as buses, one of which is pictured in the rendering. [singlepic id=253 w=260 h=173 float=left] J. Craig Thorpe is a well regarded local artist of landscapes who has been commissioned by Amtrak for original art over the past two decades. Our neighboring city of Skykomish to the north commissioned Thorpe to create a vision for its Town Center expanding on its history as a Great Northern town. The Mayor of Skykomish testifies have a picture of the vision is a valuable ‘marketing tool with local businesses, residents, possible investors, other stakeholders and legislators,” according to Thorpe’s website. Snohomish’s newspaper The Eye published a headline on April 23,1887 that read: “LET ‘ER BOOM! Unbridled enthusiasm anticipating the arrival of the train the following year. With this concept of our future train station in mind, I say, “Let‘er Boom Again!” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Published in the Snohomish County Tribune, September 18, 2013 This entry was posted in Posts, Railroads and tagged eastside trailway assocaition, j. craig thorpe, Snohomish WA history on September 17, 2013 by warner. ← Video: LET ‘ER BOOM: 125 Years Later! Elwell House: Built 1888; Divided 1913; Renovated 2013 → 2 thoughts on “Snohomish Now and Then: A train station here?” Mary Pat Connors September 18, 2013 at 12:31 pm It’s beautiful. Thanks to Mayor Guzak for all that she has done on this project–and thanks to you, Warner, for showing it to us. warnerblake September 18, 2013 at 12:48 pm You’re welcome Mary Pat! This website is archived. Stories of Snohomish continue HERE! Archived Posts: 2009-2013 Archived Posts: 2009-2013 Select Month December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 October 2008 SNOHOMISH COUNTY HERITAGE SNOHOMISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line200
__label__cc	0.700269	0.299731	2011 Community Town Hall Meeting: Renewing Robertson Rec Center An investment in our community Update: we'll continue to have public meetings about the Rec Center, so be sure to sign up to be notified via email, Facebook, or Twitter. And if you have thoughts about what you'd like to see in a new Rec Center, email us at parkideas@soronc.org. Council District 5 is spearheading a project to renew Robertson Recreation Center (at Preuss & Airdrome) to create a newer, better facility which can serve more community needs. The project would create a vibrant, clean, safe and new community center with enriched activity and learning programs for youth, seniors and other segments of our community, as well as the potential to expand uses to include performing arts, community meetings and more. Located a short walk across from the Robertson Public Library, the Rec Center area would become the heart of community activity for a wide swath of our residents. SORO NC's Town Hall On Monday, November 7, we will gather some of the key decision makers together at the Recreation Center to host a Community Town Hall and dialogue. We will hear from Council Member Paul Koretz and see the earliest presentation of schematics and plans from the architects working at the Bureau of Engineers. Most importantly, we want to hear from all of you. Our own annual survey indicated that many of you would use this facility more often if it had more to offer you, so we are excited about the opportunity to make that happen. This will be the first in a series of meetings, so there is a long way to go until anything is set in stone, but we welcome your voices to the table and are looking forward to a productive dialogue and the best possible result for all our community. Town Hall Speakers Speakers will include: Neil Drucker, Program Manager, Bureau of Engineering, Recreational and Cultural Facilities Manager Neil Drucker has managed the Bureau of Engineering's Proposition K - L.A. for Kids Program since 2001. He has managed over 150 Recreation and Parks and Cultural Affairs projects during that time, including managing the $100 Million Griffith Observatory Renovation and Expansion, plus through the LA for Kids Program, has funded and assisted various non-profit agencies on their Proposition K funded projects as well. Mr. Drucker has a professional certificate in Project Management, as well as certificates in Asbestos and Lead Paint Testing and Abatement, Fundamentals of Traffic Noise Assessment, Toxic and Hazardous Materials Management, has lectured on various aspects of the Project Management field at UCLA and USC, and has spoken at various local, state and national level meetings of the Construction Management Association of America. Mr. Drucker and his professional staff are responsible for managing all aspects of the project lifecycle, from pre-design to project closeout. Jaime Contreras, Project Manager, Bureau of Engineering, Recreational and Cultural Facilities Program Council Member Paul Koretz Paul Koretz is the Councilmember for the fifth district of the City of Los Angeles. Born and raised in Los Angeles, he has had a long career as an environmentalist and animal enthusiast. SoRo has a special place in the Councilmember's heart—he went to school at Canfield, then at Palms Middle School and Hamilton High School, and ended up as a UCLA Bruin. Where's the money coming from? In 1996, City of Los Angeles voters passed "Proposition K", to create a citywide assessment district to create $25 million a year in funds for 30 years, specifically for the acquisition, improvement, construction and maintenance of City parks and recreation facilities. The primary purpose of Prop K is to combat the decay of the City's youth infrastructure, resulting in serious unmet needs for parks, recreation, childcare and community facilities. The project at Robertson is at its very earliest stages, and the process for getting money, time and investment from the City will take some work. But there's real potential for this project to represent a $6-7 million investment in our community, at a time when the City is strapped. For all these reasons, SORO NC is very enthusiastic about this project, and we are committed to keeping the community involved in the process as it moves forward, so that we end up with the best solution for everyone. SORO NC Town Hall meetings are free and open to all. Monday, Nov 7 \| 7:00pm Robertson Rec Center (map) Download the flyer, print it out, and distribute to your friends or community group. About Robertson Recreation Center 1641 Preuss Rd., Los Angeles, CA 90035 Facility Hours: Mon/Wed/Fri: 10:00am - 9:00pm Tue/Thu: 10:00am - 9:30pm Current Facility Features: basketball courts (lighted/outdoor), children's play area, community room, handball courts (unlighted), indoor gym (without weights), picnic tables More information (including the Rec Center's program schedule)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line202
__label__cc	0.636063	0.363937	Wharton Connect About Our Forums Organizing Board Giovanni Fattore Wharton Speaker >> Biography Professor Giovanni Fattore is associate professor of Public and Health Care Management at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. He earned his M.Sc. in Health Policy and Management from Harvard University and his Ph.D. in Social Policy from the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is member of the Steering Committee of the Centre on Health Care Management (CERGAS), member of the Research Committee and professor of SDA (the business school) at Bocconi University. He is past president of the Italian Association of Health Economics (AIES) and past member of the Board of the European Health Management Association (EHMA). He teaches courses in public management, research methods and health policy at the undergraduate, graduate, masters and Ph.D. levels. Prof. Fattore’s research interests focus on health care management & policy. He has published some 100 articles or book chapters in Italian and leading international journals. Since 2011 he has been Associate Editor of the journal Health Policy. © 2011 The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. All Rights Reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line210
__label__cc	0.621927	0.378073	Beauty bespoke gems and jewels The beauty of bespoke at Gems and Jewels Makers & Growers Sparkling, shining, twinkling in the light. You’ve happened upon the most amazing jewellery box. The kind of jewellery box that is kept up high, in the top of the cupboard, away from the sticky fingers of little girls who love to play dress-ups. The kind that holds the most special and unique pieces. It’s beautiful and calm; something magic happens here, you can feel it. Located on Sturt Street for just over 10 years now, Gems and Jewels was originally founded in Central Square Ballarat, 30 years ago. The move to Sturt Street was intentional and part of a bigger vision Suzy Allan, owner and creative director, had for her business. Stepping off the street into what can only be described as a ‘hidden gem’ (pun absolutely intended!), this new location encompasses exactly what Suzy had envisaged for her future clients. A special relationship is formed upon walking through those doors, one that matters and one that will be remembered. Although Gems and Jewels do sell “off-the-rack”, straight from the shop floor, their bespoke experience is what they are most passionate about and proud of. A flurry of people work intently behind a partly obscured wall, as Suzy speaks of her creative process and her love for what she does. Suzy’s passion is palpable and contagious. It’s obvious this place of celebration, a place that captures some of the most significant times in people’s lives, has much more to offer than initially meets the eye. A lot of what happens at Gems and Jewels happens behinds the scenes. The bespoke experience involves many private consultations to carefully meet each client’s needs and wants.  “Every client is different,” explains Suzy. “It’s a process, one that can be exciting and emotional, but ultimately filled with joy.” Allen, jeweller and gemologist at Gems and Jewels, shares a moment he will never forget. One of the first rings he ever re-made was for a lady who was confined to a wheelchair and had some trouble communicating. After many years of marriage, her wedding ring had worn and needed some repair. When presented with the new ring, and not able to communicate like she once could, Allen watched as a single tear ran down her face. It was at that moment that Allen knew he was part of something really special. “Jewellery’s not just about monetary value, there is so much emotion behind it,” says Allen. The bespoke experience can mean designing a ring from start to finish, including sourcing the right stones, a repair or re-make, or a full re-design. “People come to us with heirlooms or wedding rings after relationships break down and we are here for them, for whatever they need,” explains Suzy. The re-using of precious stones and gold is encouraged by Suzy. “Re-design is probably one of the main things we do, being able to re-purpose gold is wonderful,” she says. Once a year, Suzy and Allen take a trip to Hong Kong to source the very best stones for their own range, as well as sourcing on behalf of their clients. “I take them on the journey with me, sending them photos and talking to them throughout the process,” says Allen. Suzy’s own collections are not only beautiful but limited edition. Releasing only two collections a year, her passion aligns with a ‘slow’ consumerism – pieces that are cherished, passed down and enjoyed forever. Jewellery is emotional; we connect with it in a way many of us don’t even realise. It carries an energy, one that connects us to the person who gave it to us and any of the hands it has passed through along the way. Jacinta, another member of the design team at Gems and Jewels, takes the role of cleansing the jewellery, a process that strips away past energy and welcomes the new. Once cleansed, no one touches the piece with their bare hands. It is placed carefully into a box so that when presented to the client, they are the first to touch it. "This is really important,” explains Jacinta. “Jewellery holds energy and it’s not always good. It’s not something we talk a lot about, it’s just something we do, it’s part of our process.” It’s abundantly clear that it’s not about ‘selling to people’ for Suzy but more about connection and community, and sharing her own love for jewellery to the world around her. The respect and love that the Gems and Jewels team have for each other, as well as for their clients, is obvious. You may find yourself unwilling to leave, as you sit sipping warm lemon tea, soaking in the harmonious sanctum that is Gems and Jewels. But alas you must and inevitably comes the time when you have to close the lid on this extraordinary jewellery box and walk out the door. Stepping back onto the footpath of Sturt Street, you might have to resist the urge to stop someone and ask them, “How long I have been gone for?”, as though you’ve had just returned from a land far, far away. Gems and Jewels have achieved the impossible, creating a space so special, so unique that while inside, you forget everything that is happening on the outside. Simply magic. Words by Bianca Flint, pictures by Her Golden Point As printed in Uncover Summer 2019 Gems and Jewels is located at 424 Sturt Street, Ballarat	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line213
__label__wiki	0.846343	0.846343	Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists > Lists > Film Lists > The 25 Best Movies Adapted from The Works of Shakespeare The 25 Best Movies Adapted from The Works of Shakespeare Posted on March 18, 2015 March 18, 2015 by Woodson Hughes “All the world a stage”, or so goes the line from As You Like It, a notable quote from a famous play by the Bard of Avon, a.k.a William Shakespeare, the world’s greatest playwright and sonnet author. Though many may not have actually read the great author’s works or gone to many, if any, of the staged productions of his plays, almost everyone knows Shakespeare’s works to one degree or another, if only by reputation. It’s not surprising considering the many, many productions staged in all corners of the world and in all the eras since Shakespeare’s actual lifetime in the 17th Century, that the world of film should also have seen, and is still seeing, a number of productions based on the playwright’s works. Shakespearean plays have been filmed as far back as the early silents (the earliest known American feature film is a 1912 ten minute version of Richard III) and there are always new versions of the works being created, even if sometimes only the storyline is used. These works are among the best dramatic entities ever and they’re all in the public domain! No listing could ever be truly complete and it would be foolish indeed to say which is the “best”. However, the twenty-five below may be considered outstanding or original versions of these age old stories. 1. A Midsummer’s Nights Dream (1935) Though the Bard’s works are well known, Shakespeare is rarely big business in the movie world, certainly not in the U.S. Classic Hollywood really didn’t invest many dollars in the playwright’s works. After a disastrous 1929 version of The Taming of the Shrew with Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford, Shakespeare wasn’t tackled again until this film in 1935. How did this come about? Easy, Warner Brothers, the studio built on gangster films and Busby Berkeley musicals (and almost all of them rather good) wanted to show that they were coming up in the world. After the great German director Max Rhinehardt fled his homeland, he staged a much talked about version of the Bard’s story of comically star-crossed lovers and other sundry characters having various adventures during a long summer’s night in an enchanted forest outside ancient Athens, a forest filled with fairies, sprites, magical beasts and other wonders. The company bought the production and retained many members of the cast, though several of the key roles would be recast with Warner contract players, most of whom had no training on the classical stage. Rhinehardt was hired for what would be his only screen credit, though credited co-director William Keighly actually directed the film. The result? Rather mixed since some cast members (Dick Powell, Hugh Herbert, Joe E. Brown, Anita Louise) looked like they should be sprouting wisecracks in a modern comedy or musical while others (James Cagney, Victory Jory, Mickey Rooney) looked like fresh and inventive casting. The play had to be a bit abridged (and somewhat reset in Shakespeare’s own era)but the tradeoff was a film with a visual style unlike any other. The sets were magnificent (though some found them gloomy) and the cinematography was a one-of-a-kind treat. Veteran cameraman Hal Mohr made the whole thing look like a jewel box come to life and used the sets and lovely costumes as props for shots that could stand alone as great pieces of art in and of themselves (the Academy didn’t nominate him but this came during the short period when write-in votes were allowed and Mohr won the only write in Oscar ever!) Shakespeare may not have been best served but the film world was delivered a stunning artifact. 2. Romeo and Juliet (1936) The year after A Midsummer Nights Dream, M.G.M decided to show how it should be done with a lavish production of what may well be the most popular of Shakespeare’s works. Who doesn’t at least know the story of ill-fated lovers doomed by feuding families? Producer Irving Thalberg wanted this to be the crowing achievement in the career of his wife, actress Norma Shearer. No expense was spared with pieces of architecture such as Juliet’s balcony imported at great cost from Italy (all authentic to the Renaissance era), superb costumes, an unbeatable supporting cast (Oscar nominated Basil Rathbone, John Barrymore, Edna Mae Oliver, etc.) and a world class director (George Cukor). How could it lose? Well, it could and did mainly due to overspending and central miscasting. Romeo was played by Leslie Howard, an excellent but wan actor closing in on forty. Why was he cast? Mostly it was due to Mrs. Thalberg being thirty-six when her character is supposed to be fifteen and Romeo only a bit older. Never before or since have the pair been played by such mature performers. The film lost over a million big ones (in the days when they were big ones). Still, this is a handsome and well made folly. As seen by looking at the dates on these entries, almost twenty years would pass before another English-language film version of Romeo and Juliet would again be mounted. This lovingly detailed, well designed, expertly executed version would actually be shot in Italy, albeit with a British cast and crew. The leads are played by Laurence Harvey and Susan Shentall, and the supporting cast includes such players as John Gielgud, Sebastian Cabot, Flora Robson and a roster of respected British and Italian stage players. The result weren’t that extraordinary but the film is quite good in a conventional way and deserves to be better remembered than it is. Finally a hit! Italian director Franco Zeffirelli is often all at sea with contemporary pieces but give him Shakespeare or an opera to film and there is none better. He had made his first internationally known Shakespeare film, The Taming of the Shrew in 1967 (more on that later) but he hit gold with his version of R&J. Why? Well, this film, as were the previous versions,is a most professional and beautiful production and the score is highlighted by the haunting theme “A Time for Us”, a big hit at the time. However, this version’s big selling point was the casting of Leonard Whiting and Olivia Hussey, two newcomers, as the title pair. The two actors were then the ages called for in the play. It would be nice to relate that they pulled their performances off like pros but they really didn’t and didn’t have great careers thereafter (though they did keep on working). The fact of their youth may not seem a big deal now but 1968 was a very youth oriented year and few conventional romantic films with any youth appeal were being made that year. Besides this one was good for book reports and pop quizzes. 5. Romeo + Juliet (1996) Australian director Baz Luhrman loves things to be fast and furious and eye catching. His films virtually never pause to take a breath. That surely includes this version of the age old story, now set in modern dress in a punky, funky area of southern California and featuring such adventurous casting as comic actor John Leguizamo, Harold Perrineau, Pete Postlethwaite, Paul Rudd and Diane Venora among others. The leads were played by Claire Danes and Leonardo Dicaprio, both correct in their youth, but experienced in acting even so and, unlike the leads in the 1968 version, up to the demands of the roles. This is not a film for the purists but it did entice a whole new generation to attend and be exposed to Shakespeare’s works. 6. Henry V (1945) After the inverse hat trick of A Midsummer’s Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, and a British version of As You Like It in 1936, Shakespeare was persona non grata in the English speaking cinema for almost a decade thereafter since none of those films was a hit. However, during the World War II years, Britain in particular needed a morale boost and actor Laurence Olivier (who had co-starred in As You Like It) thought that a version of a rousing nationalistic Shakespeare play might well help. The actor, who was also quite prominent in the classical British stage scene and was in the British navy at the time, chose one of the Bard’s historical plays, Henry V, in which the title monarch rallies the troops in order to defeat the French and reclaim land rightfully belonging to England (never mind that the land later turned out to belong to France and that France was then Britain’s ally in the war at hand). It wasn’t one of the great Shakespearan plays but it was perfect for the occasion. Though severe wartime restrictions caused difficulties (almost all the metal in the battle scenes is either wood or wool painted with metallic paint) the film was granted precious Technicolor film stock and this was used to stunning effect. In order not to be forced into using real locations, which was problematic under the circumstances, a bold decision concerning style altered and enhanced the film greatly. The film opens on the day the play first premiered at The Globe Theater. The first several minutes take place on the stage of the historic theater, which then gives way to an only slightly more realistic France and gradually becomes more naturalistic up until the crucial battle of St. Crispin’s Day, and then begins to regress back to the theatrical style and ends up at The Globe again. Cleverly, the film thus become a meditation on theatricality, suspension of belief and the tacit agreement on the uses of imagination between audience and the people of the theater. Olivier gave one of his first great screen performances and did a superb job as director and producer as well. The cast, including Leslie Banks, Robert Newton (wonderful comic relief), Renee Asherson, and Felix Aylmer, among others was first rate. Olivier was award a special Oscar for his combined efforts on the film and it is often considered one of the best of all time. Made under somewhat less dramatic circumstances than Olivier’s version was this retelling by another actor-director-producer, Kenneth Branagh. Though the outer envelop of The Globe has been dropped, it has been replaced with a prolog set in a movie studio, thus keeping the tension between artifice and reality. While the first version was a patriotic spectacle, this one goes for a grittier effect, one more in keeping with historical facts. Both options are valid and one is not inherently better than the other (both were appropriate for the time in which the respective films were made). Branagh follows Olivier’s basic blueprint and the results are similarly memorable. Like version one, version two is blessed with a fine cast (Branagh’s then-wife, Emma Thompson, Dereck Jacobi, Christian Bale, Paul Schofield, Robert Stephens, Judi Dench)and his staging is brilliant. The shadow of the previous film was daunting but Branagh comes through with flying colors. best Shakespeare movies The 15 Best Uses of CGI in Live-Action Movies The 10 Best Edward Norton Movie Performances	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line214
__label__wiki	0.921225	0.921225	McKinney parish breaks ground on new sanctuary From left, Bob Poynor, chair of the building committee; Brian Loughmiller, mayor of McKinney; Auxiliary Bishop Greg Kelly; Father Don Zeiler, pastor at St. Gabriel; and Deacon Mike Seibold during the groundbreaking ceremony at St. Gabriel the Archangel Catholic Church in McKinney on May 15. (RON HEFLIN/Special Contributor) By Jacqueline Burkepile MCKINNEY — Two decades after he led efforts to found the parish, Auxiliary Bishop Greg Kelly returned to St. Gabriel the Archangel Catholic Church on May 15 to celebrate a new chapter in the growing community’s history. Bishop Kelly, who joined more than 500 parishioners and supporters in celebrating the groundbreaking of the parish’s new permanent sanctuary, expressed his gratitude for the Holy Spirit’s continued work within the St. Gabriel community. “It is with faith in him and by responding to the gifts that he, himself, has entrusted to us that we dedicate this place and break the ground for the church that will be here as a faith home for the Catholic parish of St. Gabriel the Archangel,” said Bishop Kelly, who served as the parish’s first pastor from 1996-2008. St. Gabriel’s new 32,000 square-foot, Byzantine-style church will cost $21.5 million and construction is being funded by donations, various fundraisers, and parishioner pledges. The new church will include seating for 1,200 in the main worship area, as well as an additional 200 seats in the chapel. It will also include a narthex, courtyards and a bell tower. Construction begins in June with an anticipated completion in early 2018. Father Don Zeiler, who serves as pastor of St. Gabriel, said he prayed that the groundbreaking would occur this year to coincide with the parish’s 20th anniversary. He added that the building of a new church is a “complex task.” “Building this church calls for lots of prayer, reflection, technical expertise, and a lot of study,” Father Zeiler said. “Through all the planning, we have kept our mission statement as our focus: we are to be fed by Jesus Christ in the Eucharist, and we are sent forth to know, love and serve him always, everywhere and in everyone.” McKinney Mayor Brian Loughmiller also offered words of inspiration and gratitude. “Today, you’re getting ready to build a sanctuary. It’s a very great and proud day for you,” Loughmiller said. “I hope that as you build a sanctuary, you give honor to God and end up with a building that is beautiful.” St. Gabriel parishioners gathered at a reception following the Rite of Blessing and expressed their anticipation for the completion of the sanctuary. “I think it is amazing to see what everyone has done,” said Lori Broas, a parishioner of almost two decades. “It will be wonderful to see it all come to fruition.” John Kysely, also a parishioner of 20 years, called the parish’s permanent sanctuary plans “beautiful,” adding that more seating is greatly needed. “At this point in time, our Masses are packed,” Kysely said. “The new sanctuary will be wonderful and is well-needed.” Parish director Deacon Michael Seibold said the new church will be a place where the community can bring children and teach them about the Catholic faith. “We have been looking forward to this since the parish was first formed,” Deacon Seibold said. “It is very exciting.” Bishop Greg Kelly Diocese of Dallas St. Gabriel the Archangel Catholic Church Next article Faith takes centerstage at St. Mark Previous article Four men ordained as Diocese of Dallas priests	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line215
__label__wiki	0.984548	0.984548	World Russia's Putin pardons Ukrainian pilot, sends her home in prisoner swap Russia's Putin pardons Ukrainian pilot, sends her home in prisoner swap MOSCOW/KIEV - Wednesday, May 25, 2016 22:22 Email Print Ukrainian servicewoman Nadiya Savchenko talks to the media at Boryspil International airport outside Kiev, Ukraine, May 25, 2016. Photo: REUTERS/GLEB GARANICH Russian court sentences Ukraine's Savchenko to 22 years in jail Russian judge says Ukrainian pilot Savchenko killed reporters West clings to fraying Ukraine peace deal despite Kiev doubts Ukrainians pray for female military pilot jailed in Russia Ukrainian army pilot Nadezhda Savchenko appears in Moscow court Ukrainian military pilot Nadiya Savchenko arrived home to scenes of jubilation on Wednesday after her release by Russia in a prisoner swap and she promptly offered to fight again for Kiev in its conflict with pro-Russian separatists. Savchenko's handover, in return for two Russian prisoners - had been demanded by the West and was cast as a humanitarian gesture by Russian President Vladimir Putin a few weeks before the European Union decides whether to extend sanctions against Russia imposed over its support of the rebels. Savchenko, 35, barefoot - it was unclear why - and wearing a T-shirt depicting the Ukrainian coat of arms, emerged from the terminal at Kiev's Boryspil airport to cries of "hero" from a crowd of supporters, among them her sister and mother. "Huge thanks for fighting for me. I thank everyone who wished me well. Thanks to you I survived. To those who wished me ill, I survived despite you!" she shouted. "I can't revive the dead, but I am always ready to lay down my life on the battlefield for Ukraine. And I will do everything possible for every person in captivity to be freed." She was captured in 2014 while fighting with Ukrainian forces against pro-Moscow separatists in eastern Ukraine. She was handed over to Russia and found guilty of complicity in the deaths of two Russian journalists who were killed by artillery fire while reporting on the conflict. As Savchenko touched down in Kiev, Russian television showed footage of Putin meeting relatives of the two Russian journalists to explain his decision to pardon her. "I want to... express the hope that such decisions, which are dictated first of all by humanitarian considerations, will lead to a reduction in the confrontation in the conflict zone and will help avoid such losses, which are terrible and which nobody needs," Putin said. State television also showed the two Russians handed over by Kiev, Alexander Alexandrov and Yevgeny Yerofeyev, descending the steps of an aircraft after it touched down at Moscow's Vnukovo airport. The pair - who told Reuters in an interview last year that they were Russian special forces soldiers captured while on a secret mission in eastern Ukraine - were embraced on the tarmac by their wives. As part of the exchange deal, which could help ease tensions between Russia and the West, they received official pardons from Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko. Symbol of resistance Savchenko, a military pilot, had volunteered to fight with a ground unit against the separatists in eastern Ukraine. At her trial in southern Russia, Savchenko was accused of acting as an artillery spotter, calling down the fire that killed the journalists. She denied this. A Russian court sentenced her in March to 22 years in jail. She is widely seen in Ukraine as a symbol of resistance against Russia, a perception bolstered by her defiant behavior in court during her trial. At one point, she interrupted the judge reading out his verdict by standing on a bench and singing the Ukrainian anthem at the top of her voice. Russia has never explicitly acknowledged that it sent active duty Russian soldiers into eastern Ukraine, so it was not clear how Alexandrov and Yerofeyev would be treated on their return home. While in Kiev, they had accused Moscow of disowning them. Alexandrov's mother, Zinaida, told Reuters by telephone on Wednesday: "I'm glad, I'm very happy. I hope that everything will be okay for him, I really want to see him." German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said in a statement that he hoped Savchenko's release "will help build trust between Ukraine and Russia". Russia's relations with its neighbor and fellow ex-Soviet republic Ukraine have been toxic since an uprising in 2014 forced out the Moscow-backed Ukrainian leader Viktor Yanukovich and installed a pro-Western administration. Russia then annexed Ukraine's Crimea Peninsula. Moscow said it was protecting the local Russian-speaking population from persecution by the new authorities in Kiev. Western governments called it an illegal land-grab and imposed sanctions on Moscow. Soon after, pro-Moscow separatists began an armed separatist rebellion in the Donbass region of eastern Ukraine, an area with a large Russian-speaking community. Fighting between the rebels and Ukraine's forces killed thousands of people. A fragile ceasefire has been in place since last year, but a permanent settlement to the conflict remains elusive. Savchenko Ukraine Putin	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line217
__label__cc	0.566653	0.433347	Home > Research > Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research > Publications & Outputs Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research 1 - 273 out of 273Page size: 500 Chapter (peer-reviewed) Compositionality in English deverbal compounds: The role of the head Iordachioaia, G., van der Plas, L. & Jagfeld, G., 03/2020, The role of constituents in multiword expressions: An interdisciplinary, cross-lingual perspective. Schulte im Walde, S. & Smolka, E. (eds.). Berlin: Language Science Press, p. 61-106 46 p. (Phraseology and Multiword Expressions). Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Chapter (peer-reviewed) › peer-review Jones, S. H., Lam, D. H. & Tyler, E., 12/04/2016, The handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach . Carr, A. & McNulty, M. (eds.). 2nd ed. ed. London: Routledge A case formulation approach to bipolar disorder Tyler, E. & Jones, S., 2015, Case formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy: the treatment of challenging and complex cases. Tarrier, N. & Johnson, J. (eds.). 2nd ed. ed. London: Brunner-Routledge Jones, S., Lam, D. H. & Tyler, E., 2006, Handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach. Carr, A. & McNulty, M. (eds.). London: Routledge Understanding effect and effectiveness of interventions: trials and other evaluative study designs in applied health research Fisher, N. & Robinson, H., 22/07/2020, Handbook of theory and methods in applied health research: questions, methods and choices. Walshe, C. & Brearley, S. (eds.). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, p. 232-250 19 p. Formulating collaboratively with significant others Lobban, F. & berry, K., 2015, Case formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy: the treatment of challenging and complex cases. Tarrier, N. & Johnson, J. (eds.). 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, p. 304-321 18 p. Mania. Jones, S. H., 2009, Oxford companion to emotion and the affective sciences. Sander, D. & Scherer, K. R. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 499 p. Hypomania. Staff supporting people with intellectual difficulties and mental health problems Hatton, C. & Lobban, F., 2007, Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Bouras, N. & Holt, G. (eds.). 2nd ed. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 388-399 Family Interventions Barrowclough, C. & Lobban, F., 2007, The Clinical Handbook of Schizophrenia. Mueser, K. & Jeste, DV. (eds.). New York: Guilford Press A case formulation approach to bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H., 2006, Case formulation in cognitive behaviour therapy : the treatment of challenging and complex cases. Tarrier, N. (ed.). Hove: Routledge, 382 p. Circadian rhythms and internal attribution of physiological fluctuation in bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H. & Bentall, R. P., 2006, The psychology of bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H. & Bentall, R. P. (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press Bipolar disorder. Lam, D. H. & Jones, S. H., 2006, The handbook of adult clinical psychology : an evidence based practice approach. Carr, A. & McNulty, M. (eds.). London: Routledge, p. 346-382 37 p. Introduction and overview. Conference contribution/Paper Designing video stories around the lived experience of severe mental illness Honary, M., McNaney, R. & Lobban, A. F., 1/10/2018, NordiCHI '18 Proceedings of the 10th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. New York: ACM, p. 25-38 14 p. Research output: Contribution in Book/Report/Proceedings - With ISBN/ISSN › Conference contribution/Paper › peer-review Mental health and deafness: the Greek reality Chatzidamianos, G., 2007, Panhellenic Conference with International Participation: Deaf people in the Greek reality. Patras: University of Patras Cognitive Analytic Therapy for those with Experiences of Psychosis Taylor, P., Fisher, N. R., Seddon, C., Gianfrancesco, O. & Perry, A., 30/08/2017. Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper › peer-review Language in Deaf schizophrenia: implications on case management and assessment Chatzidamianos, G., 18/09/2014. The silent corner of mental health and Deafness: an interdisciplinary dialogue Chatzidamianos, G. & Taylor, A., 9/09/2014. Carers and confidentiality: what to share, where and with whom? Lobban, F. & Chatzidamianos, G., 6/09/2013. Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Conference paper Effective communication techniques in mental health practice Barriers and facilitators to relatives’ involvement in Bipolar Disorder: a qualitative study Chatzidamianos, G., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 2012. Deaf Schizophrenia, Sign Language and Motor Control; Evidence for a Dissociation? Chatzidamianos, G., 2006. Seeing voices of a haunted mind. The silent madness of Deaf schizophrenia Linguistic and non-linguistic use of gesture in Deaf patients with schizophrenia; Evidence for a dissociation? Deaf Schizophrenia and Motor Control – Is BSL affected? They told us that John was Deaf and nothing more…: Family Centred Early Intervention Counselling Programmes in Greece Laleni, A. & Chatzidamianos, G., 2002. How do people describe personal recovery experiences in bipolar disorder in structured and informal settings? Jagfeld, G., Jones, S., Rayson, P. & Lobban, F., 20/05/2019. Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Poster › peer-review Investigating the role of rumination in the relationship between socioeconomic environment and mental health Panagaki, K., Jones, S. H. (ed.), Lobban, A. F. (ed.) & Perez Algorta, G. D. (ed.), 9/07/2017. Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Poster Bipolar relatives: the overlooked partners in care Beliefs about mood swings and the experience of recovery in bipolar disorder Dodd, A. L., Jones, S. H., Lobban, A. F. & Mezes, B., 2015. Research output: Contribution to conference - Without ISBN/ISSN › Speech Online interventions for bipolar disorder Dodd, A., 2013. Do positive and negative cognitive styles & response styles predict bipolar risk, mood and academic achievement? : Invited symposium presentation Do extreme beliefs about internal states predict mood swings in undergraduate samples? Invited symposium presentation Hypomanic personality and the student experience Cognitive style and mood in bipolar disorder: a prospective study: symposium presentation A study of the relationship between hypomanic cognitions, hypomanic experiences and ascent behaviours in a student population Silent Corner: An intergraded approach into the Deaf-World Web publication/site Ethics stop dodgy experiments but there’s too much red tape Chatzidamianos, G., 8/11/2013 Research output: Exhibits, objects and web-based outputs › Web publication/site Understanding personal recovery experiences in bipolar disorder Mezes, B., 2018, (Unpublished) Lancaster University. 375 p. Language in profoundly deaf people with schizophrenia Chatzidamianos, G., 2013, University of Cambridge. 237 p. Exploring the nature of the therapeutic alliance in technology-based interventions for mental health problems Hillier, L., 2018, Lancaster University. 223 p. Research output: Thesis › Master's Thesis Linguistic and non-linguistic use of gesture in deaf patients with schizophrenia: evidence for a dissociation Chatzidamianos, G., 2006, Cambridge: University of Cambridge. Lived experience of personal recovery in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and “best fit” framework synthesis of qualitative evidence Jagfeld, G., Jones, S., Lobban, F. & Marshall, P., 18/11/2019, 6 p. National Institute for Health Research. ‘Confidentiality’ is wrongly used to block carers from helping loved ones Chatzidamianos, G., 4/04/2014, The Conversation. A qualitative exploration of how people with bipolar disorder consider risk-taking in everyday decisions. Wah, A., Hodge, S., Jones, S. & Perez Algorta, G., 13/11/2020, (Accepted/In press) In : Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. Psychological factors in personal and clinical recovery in bipolar disorder Mezes, B., Lobban, F., Costain, D., Longson, D. & Jones, S. H., 1/02/2021, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 280, p. 326-337 12 p. An online supported self-management toolkit for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar experiences: the IMPART multiple case study Lobban, F., Appelbe, D., Appleton, V., Arref-Adib, G., Barraclough, J., Billsborough, J., Fisher, N., Foster, S., Gill, B., Glentworth, D., Harrop, C., Johnson, S., Jones, S., Kovacs, T., Lewis, E., Mezes, B., Morton, C., Murray, E., O'Hanlon, P., Pinfold, V. & 7 others, Rycroft-Malone, J., Siddle, R., Smith, J., Sutton, C., Viglienghi, P., Walker, A. & Wintermeyer, C., 24/09/2020, In : Health Services and Delivery Research. 8, 37, 284 p. Antipsychotic medication versus psychological intervention versus a combination of both in adolescents with first-episode psychosis (MAPS): a multicentre, three-arm, randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study MAPS Group, 1/09/2020, In : The Lancet Psychiatry. 7, 9, p. 788-800 13 p. Overcoming challenges in delivering integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for bipolar disorder with co-morbid alcohol use: Therapist perspectives Berry, K., Barrowclough, C., Fitsimmons, M., Hartwell, R., Hilton, C., Riste, L., Wilson, I. & Jones, S., 1/09/2020, In : Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 48, 5, p. 615-620 6 p. Methodological Challenges in Web-Based Trials: Update and Insights From the Relatives Education and Coping Toolkit Trial Robinson, H., Appelbe, D., Dodd, S., Flowers, S., Johnson, S., Jones, S., Mateus, C., Mezes, B., Murray, E., Rainford, N., Rosala-Hallas, A., Walker, A., Williamson, P. & Lobban, F., 17/07/2020, In : JMIR Mental Health. 7, 7, 16 p., e15878. A web-based, peer-supported self-management intervention to reduce distress in relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder: the REACT RCT Lobban, F., Akers, N., Appelbe, D., Iraci Capuccinello, R., Chapman, L., Collinge, L., Dodd, S., Flowers, S., Hollingsworth, B., Honary, M., Johnson, S., Jones, S. H., Mateus, C., Mezes, B., Murray, E., Panagaki, K., Rainford, N., Robinson, H., Rosala-Hallas, A., Sellwood, W. & 2 others, Walker, A. & Williamson, P. R., 1/07/2020, In : Health Technology Assessment. 24, 32, p. 1-142 142 p. Clinical effectiveness of a web-based peer-supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar (REACT): online, observer-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial Lobban, F., Akers, N., Appelbe, D., Chapman, L., Collinge, L., Dodd, S., Flowers, S., Hollingsworth, B., Johnson, S., Jones, S. H., Mateus, C., Mezes, B., Murray, E., Panagaki, K., Rainford, N., Robinson, H., Rosala-Hallas, A., Sellwood, W., Walker, A. & Williamson, P., 14/04/2020, In : BMC Psychiatry. 20, 1, 16 p., 160. IMPlementation of an online relatives’ toolkit for psychosis or bipolar (IMPART study): iterative multiple case study to identify key factors impacting on staff uptake and use Lobban, F., Jones, S., Mezes, B., Rycroft-Malone, J. & Walker, A., 17/03/2020, In : BMC Health Services Research. 20, 13 p., 219. Metacognitive Therapy for Individuals at High Risk of Developing Psychosis: A Pilot Study Parker, S. K., Mulligan, L. D., Milner, P., Bowe, S. & Palmier-Claus, J. E., 17/01/2020, In : Frontiers in Psychology. 10, 10 p., 2741. Differences in beliefs about mood between people with and without bipolar disorder Robinson, H., Jones, S., Fanshawe, T. & Lobban, F., 30/11/2019, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 26, 6, p. 684-694 11 p. Feasibility and acceptability of integrated psychological therapy versus treatment as usual for people with bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcohol use: A single blind randomised controlled trial Jones, S. H., Riste, L., Robinson, H., Holland, F., Peters, S., Hartwell, R., Berry, K., Fitzsimmons, M., Wilson, I., Hilton, C., Long, R., Bateman, L., Weymouth, E., Owen, R., Roberts, C. & Barrowclough, C., 1/09/2019, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 256, p. 86-95 10 p. Cognitive Analytic Therapy for Psychosis: A Case Series Taylor, P., Fisher, N. R., Hutton, P., Tan, R., Focone, C., Seddon, C. & Griffith, D., 1/09/2019, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 92, 3, p. 359-378 20 p. Sexual minority status and symptoms of psychosis: The role of bullying, discrimination, social support, and drug use - Findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 Qi, R., Palmier-Claus, J., Simpson, J., Varese, F. & Bentall, R., 25/07/2019, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. Mental Health, Deprivation, and the Neighborhood Social Environment: A Network Analysis McElroy, E., McIntyre, J. C., Bentall, R. P., Wilson, T., Holt, K., Kullu, C., Nathan, R., Kerr, A., Panagaki, K., McKeown, M., Saini, P., Gabbay, M. & Corcoran, R., 1/07/2019, In : Clinical Psychological Science. 7, 4, p. 719-734 16 p. Proceso de resiliencia en el trastorno bipolar desde la perspectiva de pacientes y profesionales de la salud Echezarraga Porto, A., Las Hayas, C., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 1/05/2019, In : Revistia Argentina de Clinica Psicologica. 26 p. Emotion regulation strategies in bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review Dodd, A., Lockwood, E., Mansell, W. & Palmier-Claus, J., 1/03/2019, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 246, p. 262-284 23 p. A Web-Based Intervention for Relatives of People Experiencing Psychosis or Bipolar Disorder: Design Study Using a User-Centered Approach Honary, M., Fisher, N. R., McNaney, R. & Lobban, A. F., 7/12/2018, In : JMIR Mental Health. 5, 4, 15 p., e11473. Using the Public Involvement Impact Assessment Framework to assess the impact of public involvement in a mental health research context: A reflective case study Collins, M., Long, R., Page, A., Popay, J. & Lobban, F., 12/2018, In : Health Expectations. 21, 6, p. 950-963 14 p. Improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) for people with bipolar disorder: summary of outcomes from the IAPT demonstration site Jones, S. H., Akers, N., Eaton, J., Tyler, E., Gatherer, A., Brabban, A., Long, R. M. & Lobban, A. F., 12/2018, In : Behaviour Research and Therapy. 111, p. 27-35 9 p. Blue Blocking Glasses Worn at Night in First Year Higher Education Students with Sleep Complaints: A Feasibility Study Perez Algorta, G. D., van Meter, A., Dubicka, B., Jones, S. H., Youngstrom, E. A. & Lobban, A. F., 1/11/2018, In : Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 4, 7 p., 166. The feasibility and acceptability of a novel anxiety in bipolar disorder intervention compared to treatment as usual: a randomized controlled trial Jones, S. H., Knowles, D., Tyler, E., Holland, F., Peters, S., Lobban, A. F., Langshaw, B., Hilton, C. A., Long, R. M., Gantt, K., Owen, R. L., Roberts, C. & Riste, L. K., 10/2018, In : Depression and Anxiety. 35, 10, p. 953-965 13 p. Reducing relapse and suicide in bipolar disorder: practical clinical approaches to identifying risk, reducing harm and engaging service users in planning and delivery of care the PARADES (Psychoeducation, Anxiety, Relapse, Advance Directive Evaluation and Suicidality) programme Jones, S. H., Riste, L. K., Barrowclough, C., Bartlett, P., Clements, C., Davies, L., Holland, F., Kapur, N., Lobban, A. F., Long, R. M., Morriss, R., Peters, S., Roberts, C., Camacho, E. M., Gregg, L. & Ntais, D., 17/09/2018, In : Programme Grants for Applied Research. 6, 6 Social media and its relationship with mood, self-esteem and paranoia in psychosis Berry, N., Emsley, R., Lobban, F. & Bucci, S., 10/09/2018, In : Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 138, 6, p. 558-570 13 p. Antipsychotic drugs versus cognitive behavioural therapy versus a combination of both in people with psychosis: a randomised controlled pilot and feasibility study Morrison, A. P., Law, H., Carter, L., Sellers, R., Emsley, R., Pyle, M., French, P., Shiers, D., Yung, A. R., Murphy, E. K., Holden, N., Steele, A., Bowe, S. E., Palmier-Claus, J., Brooks, V., Byrne, R., Davies, L. & Haddad, P. M., 1/05/2018, In : Lancet Psychiatry. 5, 5, p. 411-423 13 p. Coping strategies and self-esteem in the high-risk offspring of bipolar parents. Goodday, S. M., Bentall, R., Jones, S. H., Weir, A. & Duffy, A., 14/03/2018, In : Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry . Bipolar disorder in youth is associated with increased levels of vitamin D-binding protein Petrov, B., Aldoori, A., James, C., Yang, K., Perez Algorta, G. D., Lee, A., Zhang, L., Lin, T., Al Awadhi, R., Parquette, J., Samogyi, A., Arnold, L. E., Fristad, M. A., Gracious, B. & Ziouzenkova, O., 13/03/2018, In : Translational Psychiatry. 8, 10 p., 61. Defeat and Entrapment in Bipolar Disorder: Exploring the Relationship with Suicidal Ideation from a Psychological Theoretical Perspective Owen, R., Dempsey, R., Jones, S. & Gooding, P., 1/02/2018, In : Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 48, 1, p. 116-128 13 p. Assessing for Suicidal Behavior in Youth Using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment Van Meter, A., Perez Algorta, G. D., Youngstrom, E. A., Lechtman, Y., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C. & Findling, R., 02/2018, In : European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 27, 2, p. 159-169 11 p. IMPlementation of A Relatives’ Toolkit (IMPART study): an iterative case study to identify key factors impacting on the implementation of a web-based supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar experiences in a National Health Service: a study protocol Lobban, A. F., Appleton, V. C. J., Applebe, D., Barraclough, J., Bowland, J., Fisher, N. R., Foster, S., Johnson, S., Lewis, E. A., Mateus, C., Mezes, B., Murray, E., O'Hanlon, P., Pinfold, V., Rycroft-Malone, J., Siddle, R., Smith, J., Sutton, C. J., Walker, A. J. & Jones, S. H., 28/12/2017, In : Implementation Science. 12, 11 p., 152. Use of the Internet and Mobile Phones for Self-Management of Severe Mental Health Problems: Qualitative Study of Staff Views Berry, N., Bucci, S. & Lobban, A. F., 1/11/2017, In : JMIR Mental Health. 4, 4, 16 p., e52. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force Report on Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Knowledge to Date and Directions for Future Research Goldstein, B., Birmaher, B., Carlson, G., DelBello, M., Findling, R., Fristad, M., Kowatch, R., Miklowitz, D., Nery, F., Perez Algorta, G. D., Van Meter, A., Zeni, C., Correll, C., Kim, H-W., Wozniak, J., Chang, K., Hillegers, M. & Youngstrom, E. A., 11/2017, In : Bipolar Disorders. 19, 7, p. 524-543 20 p. Users’ experiences of an online intervention for bipolar disorder: important lessons for design and evaluation Dodd, A. L., Mallinson, S. L., Griffiths, M. J., Morriss, R., Jones, S. H. & Lobban, A. F., 23/10/2017, In : Evidence-Based Mental Health. 20, 4, p. 133-139 7 p. Web-based integrated bipolar parenting intervention for parents with bipolar disorder: a randomised controlled pilot trial Jones, S. H., Jovanoska, J., Calam, R., Wainwright, L. D., Vincent, H., Asar, O., Diggle, P. J., Parker, R., Long, R., Sanders, M. & Lobban, F., 09/2017, In : Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 58, 9, p. 1033-1041 9 p. Mindfulness of voices, self-compassion, and secure attachment in relation to the experience of hearing voices Dudley, J., Eames, C., Mulligan, J. & Fisher, N. R., 12/08/2017, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. Protocol for an online randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a peer-supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder: Relatives Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT) Lobban, A. F., Robinson, H. A., Appelbe, D., Barraclough, J., Bedson, E., Collinge, E., Dodd, S., Flowers, S., Honary, M., Johnson, S., Caixeiro Mateus, M. D. C., Mezes, B., Minns, V., Murray, E., Walker, A. J., Williamson, P., Wintermeyer, C. & Jones, S. H., 1/07/2017, In : BMJ Open. 7, 12 p., 016965. The reciprocal relationship between bipolar disorder and social interaction: a qualitative investigation Owen, R. L., Gooding, P., Dempsey, R. & Jones, S. H., 07/2017, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 24, 4, p. 911-918 8 p. #WhyWeTweetMH: Understanding Why People Use Twitter to Discuss Mental Health Problems Berry, N., Lobban, A. F., Belousov, M., Emsley, R., Nenadic, I. & Bucci, S., 5/04/2017, In : Journal of Medical Internet Research. 19, 4, 13 p., e107. Assessing feasibility and acceptability of web-based enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder (ERPonline): a randomized controlled trial Lobban, A. F., Dodd, A. L., Sawczuk, A. P., Asar, Ö., Dagnan, D. J., Diggle, P. J., Griffiths, M. J., Honary, M., Knowles, D., Long, R. M., Morriss, R., Parker, R. J. & Jones, S. H., 24/03/2017, In : Journal of Medical Internet Research. 19, 3, 21 p., e85. A systematic review of adult attachment and social anxiety Manning, R. P. C., Dickson, J. M., Palmier-Claus, J., Cunliffe, A. & Taylor, P. J., 15/03/2017, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 211, p. 44-59 16 p. Extreme cognitions are associated with diminished ability to use disconfirming evidence Haigh, M. & Dodd, A. L., 03/2017, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 90, 1, p. 70-83 14 p. Cognitive behavioural therapy for thought disorder in psychosis Palmier-Claus, J., Griffiths, R., Murphy, E., Parker, S., Longden, E., Bowe, S., Steele, A., French, P., Morrison, A. & Tai, S., 2017, In : Psychosis. 9, 4, p. 347-357 11 p. Predictors and mediators of trait anger across the psychosis continuum: The role of attachment style, paranoia and social cognition Darrell-Berry, H., Bucci, S., Palmier-Claus, J., Emsley, R., Drake, R. & Berry, K., 2017, In : Psychiatry Research. 249, p. 132-138 7 p. Erratum to Protocol for the End-of-Life Social Action Study (ELSA): a randomised wait-list controlled trial and embedded qualitative case study evaluation assessing the causal impact of social action befriending services on end of life experience (vol 15, 60, 2016) Walshe, C., Algorta, G. P., Dodd, S., Papavasiliou, E., Hill, M., Ockenden, N., Payne, S. & Preston, N., 29/12/2016, In : BMC Palliative Care. 15, 1 p., 98. Relationship between childhood adversity and bipolar affective disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis Palmier-Claus, J. E., Berry, K., Bucci, S., Mansell, W. & Varese, F., 1/12/2016, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 209, 6, p. 454-459 6 p. Experience of participation in suicide research from the perspective of individuals with bipolar disorder Owen, R., Gooding, P. A., Dempsey, R. & Jones, S. H., 11/2016, In : Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 204, 11, p. 840-844 5 p. Clinical effectiveness and acceptability of structured group psychoeducation versus optimised unstructured peer support for patients with remitted bipolar disorder (PARADES): a pragmatic, multicentre, observer-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial NIHR PARADES Psychoeducation Study Group, 11/2016, In : Lancet Psychiatry. 3, 11, p. 1029-1038 10 p. Appraisals to affect: testing the integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder Palmier-Claus, J., Dodd, A., Tai, S., Emsley, R. & Mansell, W., 09/2016, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 55, 3, p. 225-235 11 p. Psychological approaches to understanding and promoting recovery in psychosis and bipolar disorder: a mixed-methods approach Morrison, A., Law, H., Barrowclough, C., Bentall, R., Haddock, G., Jones, S. H., Kilbride, M., Pitt, E., Shryane, N., Tarrier, N., Welford, M. & Dunn, G., 31/05/2016, In : Programme Grants for Applied Research. 4, 5, p. 1-304 304 p. Childhood adversity and social functioning in psychosis: Exploring clinical and cognitive mediators Palmier-Claus, J., Berry, K., Darrell-Berry, H., Emsley, R., Parker, S., Drake, R. & Bucci, S., 30/04/2016, In : Psychiatry Research. 238, p. 25-32 8 p. An interpersonal CBT framework for involving relatives in interventions for psychosis: evidence base and clinical implications Lobban, A. F. & Barrowclough, C., 04/2016, In : Cognitive Therapy and Research. 40, 2, p. 198-215 18 p. Psychological interventions for adults with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis Oud, M., Mayo-Wilson, E., Braidwood, R., Schulte, P., Jones, S., Morriss, R., Kupka, R., Cuijpers, P. & Kendall, T., 03/2016, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 208, 3, p. 213-222 10 p. Feasibility randomised controlled trial of Recovery-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for older adults with Bipolar disorder (RfCBT-OA): study protocol Tyler, E., Lobban, A. F., Sutton, C., Depp, C., Johnson, S. L., Laidlaw, K. & Jones, S. H., 03/2016, In : BMJ Open. 6, 3, 12 p., e010590. Harnessing the potential of community based participatory research approaches in bipolar disorder Michalak, E. E., Jones, S. H., Lobban, A. F., Perez Algorta, G. D., Barnes, S. J., Berk, L., Berk, M., Hole, R., Lapsley, S., Maxwell, V., Milev, R., McManamy, J., Murray, G., Tohen, M., Tse, S., Sanchez de Carmona, M. & Johnson, S. L., 9/02/2016, In : International Journal of Bipolar Disorders. 4, 4 Candidate risks indicators for bipolar disorder: early intervention opportunities in high-risk youth Duffy, A., Jones, S., Goodday, S. & Bentall, R., 01/2016, In : International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 19, 1, 10 p., pyv071. Planning for incapacity by people with bipolar disorder under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 Bartlett, P., Mudigonda, M., Chopra, A., Morriss, R. & Jones, S. H., 2016, In : Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law. 38, 3, p. 263-286 24 p. Response styles, bipolar risk, and mood in students: the Behaviours Checklist Fisk, C., Dodd, A. & Collins, A., 12/2015, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 88, 4, p. 412-426 15 p. Study protocol for a controlled trial of strengths model case management in mental health services in Hong Kong Tsoi, W-S. E., Tse, S., fukiu, S. & Jones, S. H., 6/10/2015, In : BMJ Open. 5, 10, 9 p., e008303. Values Associated with Service User and Public Involvement (UPI) in Health and Social Care Research: a Narrative Review Gradinger, F., Britten, N., Wyatt, K., Froggatt, K., Gibson, A., Jacoby, A., Lobban, F., Mayes, D., Snape, D., Rawcliffe, T. & Popay, J., 10/2015, In : Health Expectations. 18, 5, p. 661-675 15 p. A qualitative analysis of relatives’, health professionals’ and service users’ views on the involvement in care of relatives in Bipolar Disorder Chatzidamianos, G., Lobban, F. & Jones, S., 23/09/2015, In : BMC Psychiatry. 15, 1, p. 1-12 12 p., 228. Friends interventions in psychosis: a narrative review and call to action Harrop, C., Ellett, L., Brand, R. & Lobban, F., 08/2015, In : Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 9, 4, p. 269-278 10 p. An exploratory randomised controlled trial of a web-based integrated bipolar parenting intervention (IBPI) for bipolar parents of young children (aged 3–10) Jones, S., Wainwright, L., Jovanoska, J., Vincent, H., Diggle, P., Calam, R., Parker, R., Long, R., Mayes, D., Sanders, M. & Lobban, F., 6/06/2015, In : BMC Psychiatry. 15, 8 p., 122. A qualitative investigation into the relationships between social factors and suicidal thoughts and acts experienced by people with a bipolar disorder diagnosis Owen, R., Gooding, P. A., Dempsey, R. C. & Jones, S., 05/2015, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 176, p. 133-140 8 p. Managing bipolar moods without medication: a qualitative investigation Cappleman, R., Smith, I. & Lobban, F., 15/03/2015, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 174, p. 241-249 9 p. The relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Cannabis use in daily life: an experience sampling study Tyler, E., Jones, S., Black, N., Carter, L-A. & Barrowclough, C., 4/03/2015, In : PLoS ONE. 10, 3, 15 p., e0118916. Self-harm in bipolar disorder: findings from a prospective clinical database Clements, C., Jones, S., Morriss, R., Peters, S., Cooper, J., While, D. & Kapur, N., 1/03/2015, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 173, p. 113-119 7 p. Feasibility and acceptability of web-based enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder (ERPonline): trial protocol Lobban, F., Dodd, A., Dagnan, D., Diggle, P., Griffiths, M., Hollingsworth, B., Knowles, D., Long, R., Mallinson, S., Morriss, R., Parker, R., Sawczuk, A. & Jones, S., 03/2015, In : Contemporary Clinical Trials. 41, p. 100-109 10 p. Sharing stories of recovery in Uganda: The Sharing Stories Venture Parker, R., 1/01/2015, In : Clinical Psychology Forum. 2015, 268, p. 44-46 3 p. Recovery-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for recent-onset bipolar disorder: randomised controlled pilot trial Jones, S. H., Smith, G., Mulligan, L. D., Lobban, F., Law, H., Dunn, G., Welford, M., Kelly, J., Mulligan, J. & Morrison, A. P., 01/2015, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 206, 1, p. 58-66 9 p. Towards a better future for Canadians with bipolar disorder: principles and implementation of a community-based participatory research model Michalak, E. E., Lane, K., Hole, R., Barnes, S. J., Khatri, N., Lapsley, S., Maxwell, V., Milev, R., Parikh, S. V., Berk, L., Berk, M., Tse, S., Murray, G., Perez Algorta, G., Lobban, F., Jones, S. & Johnson, S., 2015, In : Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching and Learning. 1, 1, p. 132-147 16 p. Online mindfulness-based interventions for late-stage bipolar disorder Murray, G., Leitan, N. D., Berk, M., Thomas, N., Michalak, E. E., Berk, L., Johnson, S. L., Jones, S., Perich, T., Allen, NB. & Kyrios, M., 2015, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 178, p. 46-51 6 p. Exploring the links between the phenomenology of creativity and bipolar disorder Taylor, K., Fletcher, I. & Lobban, F., 2015, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 174, p. 658-664 7. The impact of cannabis use on clinical outcomes in recent onset psychosis Barrowclough, C., Gregg, L., Lobban, F., Bucci, S. & Emsley, R., 2015, In : Schizophrenia Bulletin. 41, 2, p. 382-390 9 p. A web-based self-management intervention for Bipolar Disorder 'living with bipolar': a feasibility randomised controlled trial Todd, N. J., Jones, S. H., Hart, A. & Lobban, F. A., 1/12/2014, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 169, p. 21-29 9 p. A phase specific psychological therapy for people with problematic cannabis use following a first episode of psychosis Barrowclough, C., Marshall, M., Gregg, L., Fitzsimmons, M., Tomenson, B., Warburton, J. & Lobban, F., 10/2014, In : Psychological Medicine. 44, 13, p. 2749-2761 13 p. Assessment and management of bipolar disorder: summary of updated NICE guidance Kendall, T., Morriss, R., Mayo-Wilson, E., Marcus, E., Guideline Development Group & Jones, S., 25/09/2014, In : BMJ. 349, 5 p., g5673. Qualitative investigation of targets for and barriers to preventative interventions for psychosis relapse Eisner, E., Barrowclough, C., Lobban, F. & R, D., 16/07/2014, In : BMC Psychiatry. 14, 14 p., 201. Exploring perceived barriers, drivers, impacts and the need for evaluation of public involvement in health and social care research: a modified Delphi study Snape, D., Kirkham, J., Britten, N., Froggatt, K., Gradinger, F., Lobban, F., Popay, J., Wyatt, K. & Jacoby, A., 17/06/2014, In : BMJ Open. 4, 6, 12 p., e004943. Development and validation of a new multidimensional measure of inspiration: associations with risk for bipolar disorder Jones, S., Dodd, A. & Gruber, J., 26/03/2014, In : PLoS ONE. 9, 3, 11 p., e91669. The temporal association between self-injurious thoughts and psychotic symptoms: A mobile phone assessment study Palmier-Claus, J. E., Taylor, P. J., Ainsworth, J., Machin, M., Dunn, G. & Lewis, S. W., 02/2014, In : Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 44, 1, p. 101-110 10 p. Exploring areas of consensus and conflict around values underpinning public involvement in health and social care research: a modified Delphi study Snape, D., Kirkham, J., Preston, J., Popay, J., Britten, N., Collins, M., Froggatt, K., Gibson, A., Lobban, F., Wyatt, K. & Jacoby, A., 10/01/2014, In : BMJ Open. 4, 1, 12 p., e004217. Factors Associated With Distress in Relatives of a Family Member Experiencing Recent-Onset Psychosis Barrowclough, C., Gooding, P. A., Hartley, S., Lee, G. & Lobban, F., 01/2014, In : Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 202, 1, p. 40-46 7 p. Assessing the specificity of autobiographical memory in individuals at a trait-based vulnerability to bipolar disorder using a sentence completion task Dempsey, R., Gooding, P. & Jones, S., 2014, In : Memory. 22, 3, p. 222-231 10 p. What do relatives experience when supporting someone in early psychosis? Wainwright, L., Glentworth, D., Haddock, G., Bentley, R. & Lobban, F., 2014, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 88, 1, p. 105-119 15 p. Suicide in bipolar disorder in a national English sample, 1996-2009: frequency, trends and characteristics Clements, C., Morriss, R., Jones, S., Peters, S., Roberts, C. & Kapur, N., 12/2013, In : Psychological Medicine. 43, 12, p. 2593-2602 10 p. What do service users with Bipolar Disorder want from a web-based self-management intervention? a qualitative focus group study Todd, N., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 11/2013, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 20, 6, p. 531-543 13 p. Self appraisals of internal states and risk of analogue bipolar symptoms in student samples: evidence from standardised behavioural observations and a diary study Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Beck, R. A. & Tai, S. J., 10/2013, In : Cognitive Therapy and Research. 37, 5, p. 981-995 15 p. Collaborative therapy Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 10/07/2013, In : Nursing Standard. 27, 45, p. 24-25 2 p. Relatives' responses to psychosis: an exploratory investigation of low expressed emotion relatives Treanor, L., Lobban, F. & Barrowclough, C., 06/2013, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 86, 2, p. 197-211 15 p. The bipolar recovery questionnaire: psychometric properties of a quantitative measure of recovery experiences in bipolar disorder Jones, S., Mulligan, L., Higginson, S., Dunn, G. & Morrison, A., 05/2013, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 147, 1-3, p. 34-43 10 p. Mood variability predicts the course of suicidal ideation in individuals with first and second episode psychosis. Palmier-Claus, J., Shryane, N., Taylor, P., Lewis, S. & Drake, R., 30/04/2013, In : Psychiatry Research. 206, 2-3, p. 240-245 6 p. A comparison of two delivery modalities of a mobile phone-based assessment for serious mental illness: Native smartphone application vs text-messaging only implementations Ainsworth, J., Palmier-Claus, J. E., Machin, M., Barrowclough, C., Dunn, G., Rogers, A., Buchan, I., Barkus, E., Kapur, S., Wykes, T., Hopkins, R. S. & Lewis, S., 04/2013, In : Journal of Medical Internet Research. 15, 4, 12 p., e60. The role of beliefs about mood swings in determining outcome in Bipolar Disorder Lobban, F., Solis-Trapala, I., Tyler, E., Chandler, C., Morriss, R. K. & ERP Group, U. O. L., 02/2013, In : Cognitive Therapy and Research. 37, 1, p. 51-60 10 p. A randomised controlled trial of time limited CBT informed psychological therapy for anxiety in bipolar disorder Jones, S., McGrath, E., Hampshire, K., Owen, R., Riste, L., Roberts, C., Davies, L. & Mayes, D., 2013, In : BMC Psychiatry. 13, 8 p., 54. Affective Instability Prior to and after Thoughts about Self-Injury in Individuals With and At-Risk of Psychosis: A Mobile Phone Based Study Palmier-Claus, J. E., Ainsworth, J., Machin, M., Dunn, G., Barkus, E., Barrowclough, C., Rogers, A. & Lewis, S. W., 2013, In : Archives of Suicide Research. 17, 3, p. 275-287 13 p. Cognitive-self consciousness and metacognitive beliefs: Stress sensitization in individuals at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis Palmier-Claus, J. E., Dunn, G., Taylor, H., Morrison, A. P. & Lewis, S. W., 2013, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 52, 1, p. 26-41 16 p. Integrating mobile-phone based assessment for psychosis into people's everyday lives and clinical care: A qualitative study Palmier-Claus, J. E., Rogers, A., Ainsworth, J., Machin, M., Barrowclough, C., Laverty, L., Barkus, E., Kapur, S., Wykes, T. & Lewis, S. W., 2013, In : BMC Psychiatry. 13, 12 p., 34. Parenting and the Emotional and Behavioural Adjustment of Young Children in Families with a Parent with Bipolar Disorder Calam, R., Jones, S., Sanders, M., Dempsey, R. C. & Sadhnani, V., 07/2012, In : Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 40, 4, p. 425-437 13 p. An online randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of 'Living with Bipolar': a web-based self-management intervention for Bipolar Disorder. trial design and protocol Todd, N., Solis-Trapala, I., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 07/2012, In : Contemporary Clinical Trials. 33, 4, p. 679-688 20 p. A family risk study exploring bipolar spectrum problems and cognitive biases in adolescent children of bipolar parents Espie, J., Jones, S., Vance, Y. & Tai, S., 06/2012, In : Journal of Adolescence. 35, 3, p. 769-772 4 p. Mobile assessment guide for research in schizophrenia and severe mental disorders Kimhy, D., Myin-Germeys, I., Palmier-Claus, J. & Swendsen, J., 1/05/2012, In : Schizophrenia Bulletin. 38, 3, p. 386-395 10 p. Emotional and symptomatic reactivity to stress in individuals at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis Palmier-Claus, J. E., Dunn, G. & Lewis, S. W., 05/2012, In : Psychological Medicine. 42, 5, p. 1003-1012 10 p. 'Recovery' in bipolar disorder: how can service users be supported through a self-management intervention? A qualitative focus group study. Todd, N., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 04/2012, In : Journal of Mental Health. 21, 2, p. 114-126 13 p. Affective variability predicts suicidal ideation in individuals at ultra-high risk of developing psychosis: An experience sampling study Palmier-Claus, J. E., Taylor, P. J., Gooding, P., Dunn, G. & Lewis, S. W., 03/2012, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51, 1, p. 72-83 12 p. The feasibility and validity of ambulatory self-report of psychotic symptoms using a smartphone software application Palmier-Claus, J. E., Ainsworth, J., Machin, M., Barrowclough, C., Dunn, G., Barkus, E., Rogers, A., Wykes, T., Kapur, S., Buchan, I., Salter, E. & Lewis, S. W., 2012, In : BMC Psychiatry. 12, 10 p., 172. Bipolar Disorder is a two-edged sword: a qualitative study to understand the positive edge Lobban, F., Taylor, K., Murray, C. & Jones, S., 2012, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 141, 2-3, p. 204-212 9 p. A randomised controlled trial of recovery focussed CBT for individuals with early bipolar disorder Jones, S., Mulligan, L., Law, H., Dunn, G., Welford, M., Smith, G. & Morrison, A., 2012, In : BMC Psychiatry. 12, 8 p., 204. Enhancing self-management for service users and carers: How can technology help? Jones, S., Deville, M. & Beck, A., 12/2011, In : Journal of Mental Health. 20, 6, p. 505-508 4 p. Self-management in Bipolar Disorder: The story so far Jones, S., Deville, M., Mayes, D. & Lobban, F., 12/2011, In : Journal of Mental Health. 20, 6, p. 583-592 10 p. The views of relatives of young people with psychosis on how to design a Relatives Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT) REACT Team, 12/2011, In : Journal of Mental Health. 20, 6, p. 567-579 13 p. Involving relatives in relapse prevention for bipolar disorder: a multi-perspective qualitative study of value and barriers Lobban, F., Peters, S., Pontin, E. & Morriss, R. K., 1/11/2011, In : BMC Psychiatry. 11, 10 p., 172. The clinical uses of momentary assessment Palmier-Claus, J., 10/2011, In : Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 124, 4, p. 241-242 3 p. Integrated Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for bipolar disorder with Comorbid Substance Use Jones, S., Barrowclough, C., Allott, R., Day, C., Earnshaw, P. & Wilson, I., 09/2011, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 18, 5, p. 426-437 12 p. Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of group psychoeducation versus group support in the maintenance of bipolar disorder. Morriss, R., Lobban, F., Jones, S., Riste, L., Peters, S., Roberts, C., Davies, L. & Mayes, D., 21/07/2011, In : BMC Psychiatry. 11, 114. Positive and negative cognitive style correlates of the vulnerability to hypomania Dempsey, R. C., Gooding, P. A. & Jones, S., 07/2011, In : Journal of Clinical Psychology. 67, 7, p. 673-690 18 p. Relatives Education And Coping Toolkit - REACT. Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a supported self-management package for relatives of people with recent onset psychosis. Lobban, F., Glentworth, D., Wainwright, L., Pinfold, V., Chapman, L., Larkin, W., Dunn, G., Postlethwaite, A. & Haddock, G., 16/06/2011, In : BMC Psychiatry. 11, 7 p., 100. The negative and positive self: A longitudinal study examining self-esteem, paranoia and negative symptoms in individuals with first-episode psychosis Palmier-Claus, J., Dunn, G., Drake, R. & Lewis, S., 05/2011, In : Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 5, 2, p. 150-155 6 p. The influence of positive affect on jumping to conclusions in delusional thinking Lee, G., Barrowclough, C. & Lobban, F., 04/2011, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 50, 5, p. 717-722 6 p. Hypomanic Personality, Stability of Self-Esteem and Response Styles to Negative Mood Bentall, R. P., Myin-Germeys, I., Smith, A., Knowles, R., Jones, S., Smith, T. & Tai, S., 01/2011, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 18, 5, p. 397-410 14 p. Experience sampling research in individuals with mental illness: Reflections and guidance Palmier-Claus, J. E., Myin-Germeys, I., Barkus, E., Bentley, L., Udachina, A., Delespaul, P. A. E. G., Lewis, S. W. & Dunn, G., 01/2011, In : Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 123, 1, p. 12-20 9 p. The role of metacognitive beliefs in stress sensitisation, self-esteem variability, and the generation of paranoia Palmier-Claus, J. E., Dunn, G., Morrison, A. P. & Lewis, S. W., 2011, In : Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 16, 6, p. 530-546 17 p. Early warning signs checklists for relapse in bipolar depression and mania: utility, reliability and validity Lobban, F., Solis-Trapala, I. L., Symes, W., Morriss, R., ERP Group, U. O. L. & Sellwood, W., 2011, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 133, 3, p. 413-422 10 p. Bipolar disorder in context: Understanding risk, recovery and transition Jones, S., 2011, In : Public Service Review: UK Science and Technology Review. 2, p. 182-183 2 p. Extreme and conflicting appraisals of activated internal states discriminate remitted bipolar disorder from remitted unipolar depression and non-clinical controls. Kelly, R., Mansell, W., Wood, A., Alatiq, Y., Dodd, A. & Searson, R., 2011, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 134, 1-3, p. 438-443 Extreme appraisals of internal states and bipolar symptoms: the hypomanic attitudes and positive predictions inventory Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Morrison, A. P. & Tai, S., 2011, In : Psychological Assessment. 23, 3, p. 635-645 11 p. Do extreme beliefs about internal states predict mood swings in an analogue sample? Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Bentall, R. P. & Tai, S., 2011, In : Cognitive Therapy and Research. 35, 6, p. 497-504 8 p. Bipolar vulnerability and extreme appraisals of internal states: A computerised ratings study. Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Morrison, A. P. & Tai, S., 2011, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 18, 5, p. 387-396 Factor structure of the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory and associations with analogue symptoms in a student sample. Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Morrison, A. P. & Tai, S., 2011, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 50, 3, p. 349-354 6 p. Extreme appraisals of internal states in bipolar I disorder: A multiple control group study Mansell, W., Pascek, G., Seal, K., Pedley, R., Jones, S., Thomas, N., Mannion, H., Saatsi, S. & Dodd, A., 2011, In : Cognitive Therapy and Research. 35, 1, p. 87-97 11 p. Corrigendum to: “Understanding factors influencing substance use in people with recent onset psychosis : a qualitative study” [Social Science & Medicine 70 (2010) 1141–1147] Lobban, F., Barrowclough, C., Jeffery, S., Bucci, S., Taylor, K., Mallinson, S., Fitzsimmons, M. & Marshall, M., 10/2010, In : Social Science and Medicine. 71, 7, p. 1374-1374 1 p. Enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder by community mental health teams: cluster feasibility randomised trial Lobban, F., Taylor, L., Chandler, C., Tyler, E., Kinderman, P., Kolamunnage-Dona, R., Gamble, C., Peters, S., Pontin, E., Sellwood, W. & Morriss, R. K., 01/2010, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 196, 1, p. 59-63 5 p. A preliminary investigation of the effect of hypomanic personality on the specificity of autobiographical memory recall. Delduca, C. M., Jones, S. H. & Barnard, P., 01/2010, In : Memory. 18, 1, p. 12-26 15 p. Principal components analysis of the Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory associations with measures of personality, cognitive style and analogue symptoms in a student sample Dodd, A., Mansell, W., Sadhnan, V., Morrison, A. P. & Tai, S., 2010, In : Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 38, 1, p. 15-33 19 p. Do negative cognitive style and personality predict depression symptoms and functional outcomes in severe bipolar and unipolar disorders? Jones, S. H., Twiss, J. & Anderson, I. M., 12/2009, In : International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. 2, 4, p. 343-353 11 p. The effect of mindfulness meditation on cough reflex sensitivity. Young, E., Brammar, C. J., Owen, E., Brown, N., Lowe, J., Johnson, C., Calam, R., Jones, S. H., Woodcock, A. & Smith, J. A., 11/2009, In : Thorax. 64, 11, p. 993-998 6 p. Objective assessment of circadian activity and sleep patterns in individuals at behavioural risk of hypomania. Ankers, D. & Jones, S. H., 10/2009, In : Journal of Clinical Psychology. 65, 10, p. 1071-1086 16 p. Cognitive correlates of mania risk : are responses to success, positive moods, and manic symptoms distinct or overlapping? Johnson, S. L. & Jones, S. H., 09/2009, In : Journal of Clinical Psychology. 65, 9, p. 891-905 15 p. Training staff in enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder: rates of uptake and measures of skill and confidence Lobban, F., Taylor, L., Chandler, C., Sellwood, W., Gamble, C., Tyler, E., Kinderman, P. & Morriss, R., 05/2009, In : Psychiatric Services. 60, 5, p. 702-706 5 p. Enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder: a qualitative investigation of value perceived for service users and care coordinators Pontin, E., Peters, S., Lobban, F., Rogers, A. & Morriss, R. K., 9/02/2009, In : Implementation Science. 4, 12 p., 4. An evaluation of cognitions, mood and behaviours in late adolescents : a study of associations with risk for bipolar disorder. Cooke, L. S. & Jones, S. H., 02/2009, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 46, 3, p. 314-318 5 p. Relapse prevention and beyond in the psychological therapy of bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H., 2009, In : Clinical Psychology Forum. 195, Supple, p. 8-9 2 p. Psychological treatments for bipolar disorder: Where to from here? Jones, S. H., 2009, In : Clinical Psychology Forum. 195, Supple, p. 10 Implementing clinical guidelines (or not?) Lobban, F. & Jones, S. H., 12/2008, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 81, 4, p. 329-330 2 p. Cognitive-behavioural treatment of first diagnosis bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H. & Burrell-Hodgson, G., 11/2008, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 15, 6, p. 367-377 11 p. Self appraisal and behavioural activation in the prediction of hypomanic personality and depressive symptoms. Jones, S. H. & Day, C., 11/2008, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 45, 7, p. 643-648 6 p. A review of potential cognitive and environmental risk markers in children of bipolar parents. Jones, S. H. & Bentall, R. P., 10/2008, In : Clinical Psychology Review. 28, 7, p. 1083-1095 13 p. Cognitive vulnerability and affect in adolescent children of bipolar parents : relationship with family functioning and self-esteem. Vance, Y., Jones, S. H., Espie, J., Bentall, R. P. & Tai, S., 09/2008, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 47, 3, p. 355-359 5 p. Validation of the mood disorder questionnaire for screening for bipolar disorder in a UK sample. Twiss, J., Jones, S. H. & Anderson, I., 09/2008, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 110, 1-2, p. 180-184 5 p. 'It's quite hard to grasp the enormity of it': perceived needs of people upon diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis Radford, S., Carr, M., Hehir, M., Davis, B., Robertson, L., Cockshott, Z., Tipler, S. & Hewlett, S., 09/2008, In : Musculoskeletal Care. 6, 3, p. 155-167 13 p. The impact of low secure care on patients' outcomes. Jones, S. H., Lobban, F., Evershed, K., Taylor, L. & Wittkowski, A., 06/2008, In : British Journal of Forensic Practice. 10, 2, p. 26-32 7 p. Psychotic experiences in people who have been sexually assaulted Kilcommons, A. M., Morrison, A. P., Knight, A. & Lobban, F., 04/2008, In : Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 43, 8, p. 602-611 10 p. Sensitivity to change of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy scale (RASE) and predictors of change in self-efficacy Hewlett, S., Cockshott, Z., Almeida, C., Richards, P., Lowe, R., Greenwood, R., Kirwan, J. & RASE Study Group, 03/2008, In : Musculoskeletal Care. 6, 1, p. 49-67 19 p. Approach goals, behavioural activation and risk of hypomania. Jones, S. H., Shams, M. & Liversidge, T., 10/2007, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 43, 6, p. 1366-1375 10 p. Stability of self-esteem in bipolar disorder : comparison of remitted bipolar patients, remitted unipolar patients and healthy controls. Knowles, R., Tai, S., Jones, S. H., Highfield, J., Moriss, R. & Bentall, R. P., 08/2007, In : Bipolar Disorders. 9, 5, p. 490-495 6 p. Relationships between the personality beliefs questionnaire and self-rated personality disorders. Jones, S. H., Burrell-Hodgson, G. & Tate, G., 06/2007, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 46, 2, p. 247-251 5 p. The social problem-solving abilities of people with borderline personality disorder Bray, S., Barrowclough, C. & Lobban, F., 06/2007, In : Behaviour Research and Therapy. 45, 6, p. 1409-1417 9 p. Enhanced Relapse Prevention for Bipolar Disorder - ERP Trial: a cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility of training care coordinators to offer enhanced relapse prevention for bipolar disorder Lobban, F., Gamble, C., Kinderman, P., Taylor, L., Chandler, C., Tyler, E., Peters, S., Pontin, E., Sellwood, W. & Morriss, R., 2/02/2007, In : BMC Psychiatry. 7, 6, p. 1-9 9 p., 6. Current state of the evidence for psychological treatment of bipolar disorder and initial findings for early intervention. Jones, S. H., 2007, In : Clinical Psychology Forum. Jones, S. H., 12/2006, In : Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 79, 4, p. 483-484 2 p. Group cognitive–behavioural therapy for schizophrenia : randomised controlled trial. Barrowclough, C., Haddock, G., Lobban, F., Jones, S. H., Siddle, R., Roberts, C. & Gregg, L., 12/2006, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 189, 6, p. 527-532 6 p. A comparative study of circadian rhythm functioning and sleep in people with Asperger's syndrome. Hare, D. J., Jones, S. H. & Evershed, K., 11/2006, In : Autism. 10, 6, p. 565-575 11 p. Personality disorder in primary care : factors associated with therapy process and outcome. Jones, S. H., Burrell-Hodgson, G., Tate, G. & Fowler, B., 10/2006, In : Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 34, 4, p. 453-466 14 p. Objective investigation of the sleep-wake cycle in adults with intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders. Hare, D. J., Jones, S. H. & Evershed, K., 10/2006, In : Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 50, 10, p. 701-710 10 p. Illness beliefs in schizophrenia Kinderman, P., Setzu, E., Lobban, F. & Salmon, P., 10/2006, In : Social Science and Medicine. 63, 7, p. 1900-1911 12 p. Early detection of bipolar disorder : a pilot familial high-risk study of parents with bipolar disorder and their adolescent children. Jones, S. H., Tai, S., Evershed, K., Knowles, R. & Bentall, R. P., 08/2006, In : Bipolar Disorders. 8, 4, p. 362-372 11 p. The Brief-HAPPI : a questionnaire to assess cognitions that distinguish between individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and non-clinical controls. Mansell, W. & Jones, S. H., 07/2006, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 93, 1-3, p. 29-34 6 p. Appraisal of hypomania relevant events : development of a questionnaire to assess positive self dispositional appraisals in bipolar and behavioural high risk samples. Jones, S. H., Mansell, W. & Waller, L., 07/2006, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 93, 1-3, p. 19-28 10 p. Clinical governance in practice : closing the loop with integrated audit systems. Taylor, L. & Jones, S. H., 04/2006, In : Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 13, 2, p. 228-233 6 p. Does expressed emotion need to be understood within a more systemic framework? : an examination of discrepancies in appraisals between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their relatives. Lobban, F., Barrowclough, C. & Jones, S. H., 01/2006, In : Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 41, 1, p. 50-55 6 p. Cognitive therapy and bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H., 2006, In : Viver Psychologia (Brazil). New directions in bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H. & Tarrier, N., 12/2005, In : Clinical Psychology Review. 25, 8, p. 1003-1007 5 p. Patients' perceptions of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: overwhelming, uncontrollable, ignored Hewlett, S., Cockshott, Z., Byron, M., Kitchen, K., Tipler, S., Pope, D. & Hehir, M., 15/10/2005, In : Arthritis and Rheumatism. 53, 5, p. 697-702 6 p. Assessing cognitive representations of mental health problems I :the illness perception questionnaire for schizophrenia. Lobban, F., Barrowclough, C. & Jones, S. H., 06/2005, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 44, 2, p. 147-162 16 p. Assessing cognitive representations of mental health problems II : the illness perception questionnaire for schizophrenia : relatives' version. Actigraph assessment of circadian activity and sleep patterns in bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H., Hare, D. J. & Evershed, K., 04/2005, In : Bipolar Disorders. 7, 2, p. 176-186 11 p. Common sense representations of schizophrenia in patients and their relatives Lobban, F. & Barrowclough, C., 03/2005, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 12, 2, p. 134-141 8 p. Clinical and psychological outcomes of patient education in rheumatoid arthritis Kirwan, J. R., Hewlett, S., Cockshott, Z. & Barrett, J., 03/2005, In : Musculoskeletal Care. 3, 1, p. 1-16 16 p. What does "disability" mean for medical students? An exploration of the words medical students associate with the term "disability" Byron, M., Cockshott, Z., Brownett, H. & Ramkalawan, T., 02/2005, In : Medical Education. 39, 2, p. 176-183 8 p. Psychological therapies for bipolar disorder : the role of model driven approaches to therapy integration. Jones, S. H., Sellwood, W. & McGovern, J., 02/2005, In : Bipolar Disorders. 7, 1, p. 22-32 11 p. Psychological Functioning and Subsyndromal Symptoms in the Children of Bipolar Parents. Jones, S. H., 2005, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 13, p. 137 Bipolar Disorder and Psychosis: New Developments and Common Themes Jones, S. H., 2005, In : Proceedings of British Psychological Society. 13, p. 137 Illness representations in depression Fortune, G., Barrowclough, C. & Lobban, F., 11/2004, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 43, 4, p. 347-364 18 p. The impact of beliefs about mental health problems and coping on outcome in schizophrenia. Lobban, F., Barrowclough, C. & Jones, S. H., 10/2004, In : Psychological Medicine. 34, 7, p. 1165-1176 12 p. Cognitive-behaviour therapy for people with psychosis and mild intellectual disabilities: a case series Haddock, G., Lobban, F., Hatton, C. & Carson, R., 07/2004, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 11, 4, p. 282-298 17 p. Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder : a review. Jones, S. H., 06/2004, In : Journal of Affective Disorders. 80, 2-3, p. 101-114 14 p. The effect of psychological interventions on the cough reflex. Johnson, C. M., Brammar, C. J., Calam, R., Jones, S. H., Woodcock, A. A. & Smith, J. A., 2004, In : Thorax. 59, Supple, p. 43-44 2 p. New developments in the clinical psychology of personality disorder. Non-invasive assessment of sleep across diagnostic groups. Evershed, K., Jones, S. H. & Hare, D., 2004, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 12, p. 198 The relationship of attachment and traumatic life events to personality disorder. Moore, A., Jones, S. H. & Alwyn, N., 2004, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 12, p. 193 The relationship between personality disorder, personal beliefs and therapy outcomes. Jones, S. H., Burrell-Hodgson, G., Tate, G. & Fowler, B., 2004, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 12, p. 192-193 2 p. A review of the role of illness models in severe mental health problems. Lobban, F., Barrowclough, C. & Jones, S. H., 03/2003, In : Clinical Psychology Review. 23, 2, p. 171-196 26 p. A theoretical approach to understanding the role of attributions for physiological changes in bipolar disorder. Coping with depression and fluctuations of self-esteem in relation to vulnerability to bipolar disorder. Knowles, R., Bentall, R., Jones, S. H. & Tai, S., 2003, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 11, p. 291 Noninvasive assessment of circadian rhythms in remitted bipolar patients. Jones, S. H., Hare, D. & Evershed, K., 2003, In : Bipolar Disorders. 5, S1, p. 24-25 2 p. New Issues in the Psychology of Bipolar Disorder: The Roles of Cognitive, Emotional and Physiological Factors. Cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H., 08/2002, In : Bipolar Disorders. 4, 4, p. 275 The role of metacognitive beliefs in auditory hallucinations Lobban, F., Haddock, G., Kinderman, P. & Wells, A., 06/2002, In : Personality and Individual Differences. 32, 8, p. 1351-1363 13 p. Assessment of prevalence of personality disorder in primary and secondary care. Personality disorder in primary care: Frequency of personality disorder in routine primary care referrals. Jones, S. H., Tate, G. & Fowler, B., 2002, In : Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 10, p. 112 Development and validation of a self-efficacy scale for use in British patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RASE) Hewlett, S., Cockshott, Z., Kirwan, J., Barrett, J., Stamp, J. & Haslock, I., 1/11/2001, In : Rheumatology. 40, 11, p. 1221-1230 10 p. Circadian rhythms, multilevel models of emotion and bipolar disorder : an initial step towards integration? Jones, S. H., 11/2001, In : Clinical Psychology Review. 21, 8, p. 1193-1209 17 p. An investigation of models of illness in carers of schizophrenia patients using the Illness Perception Questionnaire Barrowclough, C., Lobban, F., Hatton, C. & Quinn, J., 11/2001, In : British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40, 4, p. 371-385 15 p. Impaired associative learning in chronic schizophrenics and their first-degree relatives : a study of latent inhibition and the Kamin blocking effect. Serra, A., Jones, S. H., Toone, B. & Gray, J. A., 30/03/2001, In : Schizophrenia Research. 48, 2-3, p. 273-289 17 p. Oral health in psychosis: An unmet need Palmier-Claus, J. E., Shiers, D., French, P., Harris, R. & Laverty, L., 1/02/2019, In : Schizophrenia Research. 204, p. 442 1 p. Embracing patient choice Lobban, F., 12/2012, In : British Journal of Psychiatry. 201, 6, p. 494 1 p. Psychological therapies for bipolar disorder: addressing some misunderstandings Jones, S., Lobban, F., Cooke, A., Mansell, W., Wright, K. & Hemmingfield, J., 1/11/2011, In : The Psychiatrist. 35, 11, p. 432-434 3 p. Comment/debate NICE guidance on psychological treatments for bipolar disorder Kendall, T., Morriss, R., Mayo-Wilson, E., Meyer, T. D., Jones, S. H., Oud, M. & Baker, M. R., 04/2016, In : Lancet Psychiatry. 3, 4, p. 317-320 4 p. Web-based integrated bipolar parenting intervention (IBPI) for parents with bipolar disorder: intervention development and evaluation in a randomised controlled pilot trial Jones, S., Jovanoska, J., Lobban, F., Wintermeyer, C., Vincent, H., Parker, R., Long, R., Calam, R., Wainwright, L. D., Asar, O., Diggle, P. J. & Sanders, M., 03/2018, In : Bipolar Disorders. 20, S1, p. 31-31 1 p., S56. Research output: Contribution to journal › Meeting abstract › peer-review Resilience to Bipolar Disorder (Rbd) Questionnaire: Development, Psychometric Evaluation and Validation in Bipolar Disorder Echezarraga, A., Las Hayas, C., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Perez Algorta, G., Lobban, F. & Steven, J., 28/03/2015, In : European Psychiatry. 30, Suppl. 1, 1 p. Personal Experiences of Psychological Therapy for Psychosis and Related Experiences Taylor, P. (ed.), Gianfrancesco, O. & Fisher, N. R. (ed.), 24/01/2019, 1st ed. International society for Psychological and Social Approaches to Psychosis . 200 p. Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Book Cognitive behaviour therapy for bipolar disorder : a therapists guide to concepts, methods and practice. Lam, D. H., Jones, S. H. & Hayward, P., 09/2010, Chichester: Wiley. 344 p. (Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology) Understanding bipolar disorder : why some people experience extreme mood states and what can help. Jones, S. H., Lobban, F. & Cooke, A., 2010, Leicester: British Psychological Society. Coping with bipolar disorder : a CBT-informed guide to living with manic depression. Jones, S. H., Hayward, P. & Lam, D. H., 05/2009, Oxford: Oneworld. 168 p. A Casebook of Family Interventions for Psychosis Lobban, F. (ed.) & Barrowclough, C. (ed.), 2009, Wiley Blackwell. 396 p. The psychology of bipolar disorder. Jones, S. H. & Bentall, R. P., 2006, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Coping with schizophrenia : a guide for patients, families and caregivers. Jones, S. H. & Hayward, P. H., 2004, Oxford: Oneworld. 195 p. Aus den Fugen : zwischen den Extremen - leben mit Bipolartität und manischer Depression. Jones, S. H., Hayward, P. H. & Lam, D. H., 2004, Zurich: Oesch. Coping with bipolar disorder: a guide to living with manic depression Jones, S. H., Hayward, P. H. & Lam, D. H., 2002, Oxford: Oneworld. 224 p. Meeting mental health relatives’ needs in Central and North West London: a qualitative analysis report Chatzidamianos, G., Jones, S. & Lobban, F., 2014, Lancaster: Lancaster University. 21 p. Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Commissioned report Mapping the CNWL trust-wide initiatives for relatives of people with mental health problems: a commissioned independent review Chatzidamianos, G., 2/05/2013, Lancaster: Lancaster University. 28 p. The assessment and management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and young people in primary and secondary care Morriss, R., Kendall, T., Braidwood, R., Byng, R., Cipriani, A., James, A., John, C., Jones, S. H., Leggett, K., Marcus, E., Mavranezouli, I., Maya-Wilson, E., McDougall, T., Meyer, T., Paton, C., Stockton, S., Schwannauer, M., Swinden, D., Taylor, C., Westhead, R. & 2 others, Whittington, C. & Wilson, F., 2014, London: NICE. Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Other report Advance planning for people with bipolar disorder: a guide to making decisions about your personal welfare, property and financial affairs Mudigonda, M., Bartlett, P., Morriss, R., Chopra, A. & Jones, S., 2014, Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Mental Health Research (East Midlands). An evaluation of the feasibility and effectiveness of a supported self management package for relatives of people with recent onset psychosis. Relatives Education and Coping Toolkit (REACT) study: NIHR research for patient benefit final report Lobban, F., Glentworth, D., Pinfold, V., Minns, V., Dunn, G., Larkin, W. & Haddock, G., 2012, Unknown Publisher. CamLing 2005: proceedings of the University of Cambridge Third Postgraduate Conference in Language Research in association with the Cambridge Institute of Language Research, held on 18 March 2005 Chatzidamianos, G. (ed.), Chi, G. (ed.), Frey, L. (ed.), Hargreaves, K. (ed.), Kras, T. (ed.), Noakovic, N. (ed.) & Vilar Beltrán, E. (ed.), 2005, Cambridge: Cambridge Institute of Language Research. Research output: Book/Report/Proceedings › Proceedings A systematic review of the effects of psychosocial interventions on social functioning for middle-aged and older-aged adults with severe mental illness Smart, E. L., Brown, L., Palmier-Claus, J., Raphael, M. J. & Berry, K., 1/05/2020, In : International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 35, 5, p. 449-462 14 p. A guide to behavioural experiments in bipolar disorder Palmier-Claus, J., Wright, K., Mansell, W., Bowe, S., Lobban, F., Tyler, E., Lodge, C. & Jones, S., 1/03/2020, In : Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 27, 2, p. 159-167 9 p. Measuring social and occupational functioning of people with bipolar disorder: A systematic review Akers, N., Lobban, F., Hilton, C., Panagaki, K. & Jones, S. H., 1/12/2019, In : Clinical Psychology Review. 74, 19 p., 101782. Acceptability of interventions delivered online and through mobile phones for people who experience severe mental health problems: A systematic review Berry, N., Lobban, F., Emsley, DC. P. R. & Bucci, S., 1/05/2016, In : Journal of Medical Internet Research. 18, 5, 15 p., e121.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line222
__label__wiki	0.775697	0.775697	support Moneen + Attack In Black author PP date 23/04/07 venue Underworld, London, UK Each time I visit the Camden Underworld, a nicely sized venue fitting just about double the amount of people as Barfly (~300-400), I take a few steps back and stand in awe over the interior architectural design, especially around the floor right in front of the stage. But it is not in inspiration I stand back, it is with a frown and a deeply rooted confusion over whether the architect had a few pints too many or if he had just been smoking crack while designing the venue. These two alternatives are the only plausible explanations for the couple of structural pillars in the middle of the floor right in front of the stage, limiting your view of the stage to about two thirds from any position further than just three metres in front of the stage. If you choose to stand back a few metres to get a wider view, you'll either be blocked from viewing the guitarist, the bassist, or both, an ultimate architectural failure at a music venue. Attack In Black Tonight's first act was yet another Canadian up and coming act (there seems to be an awful lot of them these days) called Attack In Black. Unfortunately I arrived slightly too late to see more than just a few songs by them so rating them would be unfair, but they deserve a few words anyway. The first song I witnessed was a slow, melodic ballad in the vein of Copeland, only slightly louder. It had some singalongable moments and instantly helped me to get into the atmosphere of tonights gig, even if almost nobody knew the band from beforehand. They played one more semi-acoustic track, until they completely caught me off guard by staging a Comeback Kid style hardcore punk assault with a massive anti-build up (I'm making up words here). It was loud, fast, and aggressive, until the breakdown arrived and their sound morphed back into the slow tempo balladic form again. It caught my interest, and I'll certainly be checking them out later on. Moneen After Attack In Black it was time for Moneen to enter the stage. For some reason, this tour had been advertised as co-headline tour, but it was clearly Moneen acting as a support band to Bayside, a fact which Bayside also announced. I've seen them once before and watched countless YouTube live videos, and I have to tell you the truth, they're yet to disappoint me. Moneen is one of the tightest and most energetic bands on stage, there isn't a single moment where the band isn't jumping around like madmen, crashing towards the crowd with their instruments or just shouting the lyrics with the kind of passion rarely seen in today's bands. Kenny's vocals were once again spot on, and especially "Don't Ever Tell Locke.." and "Are We Really Happy.." triggered massive singalongs from a small proportion of the crowd that had come to see Moneen. You might find the latter statement as strange as I, given their epic melodies and incredible live shows, but it seemed like there were only 30-40 moneen fans in total out of the 300 or so people at the venue, disgraceful if you ask me. What was even more horrible was that when Kenny, the always honest and fan-loving person he is, held a breating pause in between their intensely delivered songs and said "I can't thank you enough for coming to see us here, taking time off your day to come see us", some faggot shouted "We came to see Bayside!" from the back. It was one of those moments when you just want to not care about getting kicked out of the show, and just punch the man in the face, and kick him when he falls down. It was an especially horrible thing to say to a band that is probably the most honest, the most caring band out there. Given their shorter set, the band almost didn't bother with older songs, instead focusing on the newer material more likely to appeal to the Bayside crowd. But to criticise their asshole fans once again, they were talking and discussing loudly during the instrumental experimentations of Moneen, where you're just supposed to watch in silence in awe-inspiration over how amazingly creative the band can be. That destroyed a large part of the experience for me and other Moneen fans out there, so thanks a lot, assholes. As expected, Moneen closed their set with "The Passing Of America", and this is where the band truly showed their worth. Bouncing back and forth like absolute madmen, nearly slicing crowd members' heads off with their guitars, the band put on the kind of show most bands aspire to do but usually fail. Kenny even climbed across the barrier-fence on the left side of the venue to play a solo on top of it, before falling on the other side. He had so much trouble getting back that he missed the first two lines of the finishing chorus, but not that it mattered because the crowd knew every single word to it. He then dangerously hanged his guitar from the ceiling above the crowd and crowdsurfed while singing the final lyrics of the song. Great show once again from Moneen, an experience which was only reduced by the idiocy of the vast majority of the crowd. Moneen Setlist: 1. Don't Ever Tell Locke What He Can't Do 2. If Tragedy's Appealing, Then Disaster's An Addiction 3. Are We Really Happy With Who We Are Right Now? 4. Start Angry...And Mad 5. There Are A Million Reasons For Why This May Not Work... And Just One Good One For Why It Will 6. The Day No One Needed To Know 7. Tonight I'm Gone 8. This Is All Bigger Than Me 9. The Passing Of America After a good 25 minutes of waiting, Victory Records favorites Bayside entered the stage to a thunder of applaud and screams from the younger fans to one of their older tunes "Montauk". It was clear from the first minutes that Bayside wouldn't be able to outplay Moneen, so a show that usually would have been awesome didn't feel as great simply because it paled in comparison to what we had just witnessed. Having to watch Bayside to just stand still while playing their show, without showing much additional effort or energy, isn't exactly your ideal scenario after having Moneen damn near tear apart the stage and their amps. However, whereas Bayside perhaps wasn't as active on stage as Moneen, they certainly had the singalongs figured out. "Duality" and "Masterpiece" had the entire venue singing along to the lyrics, and vocalist Raneri could blank out every other line because it would be sang back at him by everyone. But just like their record label Victory, their show seemed just a tad bit too commercial and scripted for my taste. Looking at the setlist glued to the stage, the band had clearly lined up when they would stop playing and say obligatory things like "we love you guys" et cetera. To me, this indicates that Raneri doesn't truly mean what he says, or even if he does, it doesn't come straight from the heart. At the very least it demonstrates the kind of platonic relationship Bayside (and probably their fans) have to their music, merely as a platform for being able to tour across the world and having people enjoy your music. That's not to say they don't want to write this style of music or that they don't like it, but it just doesn't seem like the same kind of love-of-your-life relationship as Moneen has, who put everything on the line every single time they perform, simply because there is absolutely nothing else in the entire world they would want to do more than to write and play their songs. Nonetheless, there were occasional spurs of passion that filtered through the otherwise flaccid stage show. "The Walking Wounded" and "Devotion And Desire" initiated a mosh pit and saw the crowd go wild. "I And I" saw big singalongs taking place, but at the entirely wrong places: The band had wished for the crowd to sing during "I and I, we're taking control of our lives", a weird choice in my opinion, and as a surprise to them (but nobody else), the strongest singalongs took place during the infectious chorus "Sooo hooold back.. steadfast you gotta breathe". All in all, Bayside did a good job and their show was by no means bad. However, they were undisputably outplayed tonight by Moneen, the clearly better act on stage. But any Moneen fan should have been expecting this anyway, and it actually surprised me how few people knew Moneen from the crowd, as I had been hoping for them to be the headlining act. But I guess this just shows that it all depends on your passport - Bayside gets just that much more promotion being American, while the arguably more talented and experimental Canadian band gets shoved aside. Bayside Setlist: 1. Montauk 2. Dear Your Holiness 3. Duality 4. Blame It On Bad Luck 5. Choice Hops And Bottled Self Esteem 6. Existing In A Crisis 7. Masterpiece 8. I And I 9. The Walking Wounded 10. They Looked Like Strong Hands 11. Devotion And Desire --Encore-- 12. Don't Call Me A Peanut	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line223
__label__cc	0.583336	0.416664	Suspects Arrested for Theft of Wayne National Forest Property NELSONVILLE, Ohio (Oct. 2, 2020) – Recently, a U.S. Forest Service Special Agent from the Wayne National Forest obtained arrest warrants for Jimmy Taylor and Brian Fisher. Both were involved in the break-in and theft of a law enforcement trailer and UTV from the Wayne NF Warehouse in Nelsonville, Ohio. Fisher was arrested in Nelsonville by Forest Service law enforcement with assistance from Athens County Probation and Sheriff’s Department, Hocking County Sheriff’s Department, Nelsonville Police Department, and Buchtel Police Department. Taylor is also in custody facing felony theft of government property. “Theft and vandalism of government property are crimes with serious consequences,” stated the Wayne Special Agent who arrested the suspects. “Those consequences include being charged with a federal crime and going to federal prison.” In July, Fisher pleaded guilty to one count of felony receiving stolen government property in violation of 18 USC 641, punishable by up to ten years in prison, three years of supervised release, and a fine of up to $250,000. Assistant United States Attorney Michael J. Hunter, United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Ohio Eastern Division in Columbus, is prosecuting this case. About the Wayne National Forest: The 244,000-acre Wayne National Forest offers a variety of recreation opportunities, including camping, picnicking, fishing, hunting, nature viewing, canoeing, and much more! Over 400 miles of trails beckon visitors to enjoy the great outdoors in Ohio’s only national forest. For more information, visit the Wayne National Forest website at https://www.fs.usda.gov/wayne. Follow the Wayne National Forest on Facebook (@waynenationalforest) and Twitter (@waynenationalfs). About the U.S. Forest Service: The U.S. Forest Service is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Its mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the country’s 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. The agency manages 193 million acres of public land, provides assistance to state and private landowners, and maintains the largest forestry research organization in the world. Its public lands contribute more than $13 billion to the economy each year and provide 20 percent of the country’s clean water supply. For more information, visit www.fs.fed.us. “USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.” October 2, 2020 Krista Beckner Ohio University’s International Education Week 2020 to be celebrated virtually Lost Cat	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line224
__label__cc	0.509512	0.490488	By Adam Fitzgerald, Editing: DJ Thermal Detonator You most likely never heard of them. They were relatively unknown, that is until one lone woman decided to view the billowing smoke from the North Tower under the direction from a neighbor who called to notify her that she felt the apartment building shake and heard a loud noise and then saw the visible damage outside her window. Armed with binoculars at 8:48 am on September 11th 2001, “Maria” (her full name redacted in the FBI report), who lives by Liberty State Park in a high rise apartment was looking at the horrifying damage to the North Tower however she also witnessed another scenario, which grabbed her eyes besides the North Tower aflame, it was toward the Doric Towers parking lot. According to her affidavit which she gave to the FBI on Sept 12th, she witnessed three young men filming and celebrating the horrific sight of the North Tower smoldering. Her rapt attention allowed her to take down the license plate of the white van in which they departed after the filming. The license plate number revealed that the van belonged to a New Jersey registered company called Urban Moving Systems. After her husband came home “Maria” decided to notify NJ Township police about what she witnessed. An all-points bulletin was given for the white van with the license plate she provided which was JRJ 13Y. By 3:51 pm with most of New York’s bridges and parkways under strict surveillance and lock-down, the NJ Turnpike was jammed packed, most wanted to flee the city and head back to the safe confines of their homes. East Rutherford Policeman Scott DeCarlo and Sgt. Dennis Rivelli was directing the heavy traffic at the NJ Turnpike when a white van which fitted the description of the “BOLO” (Be on the Look Out) approached the officers. The white van had all but one number matched to the license plate. DeCarlo decided it was close enough. Both officers approached the van and told the driver of the vehicle to stop. DeCarlo then shouted for the driver to step out of the vehicle. By this time, the van now had 5 occupants instead of the 3 earlier witnessed. With no one in the vehicle complies with the orders given, DeCarlo decided to forcefully open the driver’s side door and physically restrain the driver. As DeCarlo pitted the driver to the ground, he heard something that didn’t make sense….in fact, it was quite bizarre. The driver, who would turn out to be Sivan Kurzberg, would make a bold declaration: “We are not your problem, the Palestinians are the problem. Your problems are our problems.” Others that were detained were the following: Sivan Kurzberg (Driver) Paul Kurzberg Yaron Shmuel Oded Ellner Omar Mamari All 5 men were Israeli nationals and all five men worked for Urban Moving Systems in Weehawken, New Jersey. Kuzrburg brothers and Oded Ellner told arresting officers that they are Israeli tourists on a “working holiday” in the United States. Sivan Kurzberg, while he was searched, had $4,700 dollars stuffed in his sock while two others had passports one from Germany & two from Israel. They also found a map highlighted spots like the WTC and Doric Towers made the investigators suspicious. All 5 men were detained and taken to the Bergen County jail and then relocated to the FBI’s Foreign Counterintelligence Section. Here they were interrogated by the FBI and NY JTTF. Investigators found that Sivan and Paul Kurzberg had direct links to the Israeli Mossad. They also found a camera belonging to them; they had taken photos of the background which included the smoldering North Tower as they celebrated. According to the FBI’s own report, which is heavily redacted, they were indeed seen celebrating the attacks. Paul Kurzberg would fail his polygraph test, as all of them initially refused at first. After pressure from the Israeli ambassador to the US, David Ivry, with Lawyer and Harvard chair Alan Dershowitz acting as a mediator along with two unnamed NY Senators….the Israelis were released back home, after 71 days of interrogation. The FBI disagreed with the decision but was left with no choice. A week after their detention, the FBI got a warrant to search the Urban Moving Systems warehouse in which they collected 16 hard drives from a company and personal computers found in the offices and found the warehouse to be full of clients furniture….they had barely moved anyone at all. The Manager of Urban Moving Systems, Dominick Suter, was asked by FBI investigators to come in for a second more formal interview, instead, he fled to Israel. The FBI concluded from documents obtained at their office in Weehawken that they were targeting Arabs in New York and New Jersey, most particularly in the Paterson N.J. area. While the FBI was left to pick up the pieces of what was left in the warehouse, in November 2001, the Israelis that were under the microscope by NY investigators had not hesitated to conduct an interview on Israeli TV. Paul Kurzberg even suggested that they were there “to document the event”. In June 2002, 20/20 with John Miller, ran a segment dedicated to the mysterious Israelis and Urban Moving Systems. The story gave some insight into why they were released, but shortly after this segment…..it seemed public interest died regarding this intriguing story. The media even made light of the subject, calling them the “Dancing Israeli’s”. Much like any important anomaly regarding the events of September 11th, 2001, it was subsequently forgotten altogether. It seemed we wouldn’t be hearing of the “Dancing Israeli’s” ever again. However, some interest from independent researchers such as Justin Raimondo, Ryan Dawson, and Mike Riviero wouldn’t let this story die on the vine and have done countless videos and written summaries but it wasn’t enough unfortunately to garner national interest. In the general population, it was a “non-story”. 17 years later it would rise from the proverbial grave from an FOIA request. 10 photos have been released by the FBI to the public regarding the “Dancing Israeli’s” at Doric Towers on not just September 11th but also on September 10th, 2001, these were the photos once claimed by the same FBI releasing them had been “destroyed”. Heavily redacted, it shows 3 of the Israeli’s (Sivan Kurzberg, Paul Kurzberg, and Yaron Schimul) celebrating by flicking a lighter in the background also there were photographs of them on top of their company truck. The photos have seemingly no backdrop to the city skyline downtown and although the timestamps are accurate no WTC smoldering in the background is seen. 66 photos have yet to be released, which could show them in a more “compromising” position. As if the photo redactions are nefariously curious, the FBI report (also heavily redacted) shows that these seemingly “innocent” Israeli’s weren’t so “innocent” after all. The roof of Urban Moving Systems Warehouse However, the photos released by the FBI really didn’t tell us anything that most in-depth researchers studying 9/11 didn’t already know. Most of us knew that these Israeli’s were celebrating the attacks when multiple eyewitnesses had already viewed them celebrating the attacks, as well as others from Doric Towers. To most, however, they needed this confirmation to sow discord against Israel in the prejudicial manner, which was already fueled by their anti-Semitism (this ends up poisoning the actual critics of Israel policies). The photos were then promoted by Ryan Dawson, popular skeptic, and researcher of 9/11 attacks, on Adam Green’s (Know More News) interview. It was here Dawson began doubling down on his much earlier synopsis regarding the “Dancing Israelis”, and rightfully so, as he for many years prior had done numerous videos regarding the details of what the “Dancing Israeli’s” were doing that day. However, he made some errors regarding the identities of who’s face belonged on whose body, as the photos of the Israelis had their faces redacted by the FBI. Thermal Detonator, a seasoned 9/11 researcher, corrected Dawson by private email regarding the identities in which Dawson made the obvious corrections shortly thereafter. Wayne Madsen, former US intelligence officer, journalist and often referred to as a “conspiracy theorist”, had authored a rather important book The Star and the Sword in 2014. The book details large spy rings from Saudi Arabia and Israel that were operating inside the United States years prior to the events of September 11th. In Madsen’s book, he lays out a remarkable incident at a Jersey City video store on Kennedy Boulevard across the street from the El Salaam Mosque where operatives from the 1993 WTC Bombing and 9/11 attacks frequented. It was here that the video store tapes, according to Madsen, captured Urban Moving Systems operatives with Saudi hijackers involved in the 9/11 attacks. The FBI evidently had seized the tapes and even collected the hard drives from the store’s computers and the information of rentals customers in the company’s logs. Incidents such as this are in rare company in even the more serious-minded 9/11 discussions, if at all. However one must also remember this about Madsen. He is a fringe conspiracy theorist, and also one who holds the unoriginal scenario of no commercial aircraft impacting the Pentagon. So I advise the reader to take these words from Madsen with a heavy dose of salt. While the photos were being released, stores and other buildings around the area of the Pentagon may have had cameras as well which weren’t inspected by the FBI or local authorities. During the PENTTBOMB investigation 86 cameras were collected by the FBI, cameras from corporate buildings and stores around the Washington DC area near the Pentagon and in Lower Manhattan may or may not have captured a plane in the sky. Intriguing ideas from those who are “invested” in the subject of 9/11 and wish to make a small change or a big one should file FOIA requests for the release of all 86 cameras. Thru the law firm of Motley Rice, who are representing the families of those killed on 9/11 had gotten some of the video released but they didn’t show anything. Which is why we need people like you, the invested researcher who wishes to make a difference in piecing together what others tried before and could not. Mainly due in part to the over-saturation of fringe conspiracies like “no plane crashing at the Pentagon” or “no Arab hijackers being involved”. These far fetched and often ludicrous scenarios pried away thousands from even entering the 9/11 discussion for fear of being labeled a “conspiracy theorist”. However, there are those who are willing to make that sacrifice. Those who are willing to do more than just online activism. This small percentage of people who are willing to be lambasted by the defenders of the official account and those who are for the fringe conspiracy theories. These people are teaching others about the actual anomalies of what happened on September 11th, 2001. People like DJ Thermal Detonator, Ed Brotherton, Ryan Dawson, David Chandler, Wayne Coste, and Ken Jenkins. People who are helping educate thru lectures or films and doing street activism. What will you do? Also, check out the new extended documentary from the blog host, DJ Thermal Detonator (and host of Truther TV) about the 1993 World Trade Center bombing which also addresses the Dancing Israelis in 9/11 and the missed connections of yesteryear: djthermaldetonator Patreon’s of Thermal Detonator get a free PDF of the Sept 12th, 2001 Bergen Record Newspaper with the original story on Dancing Israeli’s arrests on 9/11. 2 thoughts on “Urban Moving Systems Dance Tryouts – A synopsis on recent FOIA release of 9/11 Hi-fiving Israelis photos” Chaos Cat says: Reblogged this on The Chaos Cat. Pingback: Urban Moving Systems Dance Tryouts \| 9/11	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line231
__label__wiki	0.843324	0.843324	Listen to Aimee Osbourne’s ‘Shared Something With the Night’ MAKE Records Aimee Osbourne, the eldest daughter of Sharon and Ozzy Osbourne, has released a new single called "Shared Something With the Night" from her upcoming Vacare Adamare album. You can check out the video below. “The song is like a My Bloody Valentine lullaby for the romantically tormented that struggle to sleep at night,” she told Rolling Stone. “I wrote it when I was living in New York and feeling pretty alone and lost. I hadn’t fully connected with who I really was and what that meant yet. Hung up on the outcome of someone else’s approval of me to determine my own self-worth. This weird little song was an outlet for a lot of uncomfortability at the time.” Recording under the name ARO (her initials), Osbourne first popped up on our radar in 2015 when her debut single, "Raining Gold," bowed and has put out a couple more singles since. She worked on “Shared Something With the Night” with John Dragonetti, who came up with the main musical theme, which in turn inspired the lyrics. “[He] had an idea to play the string sample we used backward,” she continued. “As soon as I heard it, it was instant. I just immediately came up with the lyrics and melody. Writing is kind of like channeling for me, I never know what’s going to happen or what the track will sound like or what strange sound or sample or chord will resonate. It’s usually a very surprising, cathartic and fun experience.” She added that Vacare Adamare, rather than have a traditional release date, will come out song-by-song, with videos for every track. She's planning on taking her act on the road, and is putting a lot of thought into the onstage presentation. “I want the live show to feel like you’re on the haunted mansion ride at Disneyland, with a little Studio 54, a touch of vaudeville and a lot of Blade Runner,” she said. “It will be ghostly and poetic with some neon and hypnotic laser lights to captivate all the senses.” Ozzy Osbourne Year-by-Year Photos: 1969-2020 Next: Ozzy Osbourne Albums Ranked Source: Listen to Aimee Osbourne’s ‘Shared Something With the Night’ Filed Under: Ozzy Osbourne	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line232
__label__wiki	0.741482	0.741482	Buy V8 Supercars - The First 10 Years Series Highlights Boxset online in Australia. V8 Supercars - The First 10 Years Series Highlights Boxset Australian touring car racing has always been seen at home and overseas as among the very best in the world. Over the years the classes have changed to suit the vehicles, newer technology and Australian enthusiasts perception of the sort of racing they want.Whatever the era, whatever the official category of the time, these annual programs capture the very best highlight packages of the Australian Touring Car Championship series. Follow the teams through each season, chart your favourite drivers progress and be in awe of the talent and dedication needed in modern times just to be competitive. The racing is close and hard-fought, as befits a sport moving into ultra-professional management and multi-million dollar costs.These were the early years that ultimately brought about Australia's unique, exciting and polarizing Ford versus Holden battles of today, Enjoy. Sanity V8 Supercars - The First 10 Years Series Highlights Boxset $34.99 Visit Store V8 Supercars - Championship Series Highlights - 2007 The 2007 V8 Supercar Championship Series was a stellar year for Australia's favourite motorsport category. It began with a memorable dual between Rick and Todd Kelly at the Clipsal 500 and went right through to the thrilling Dunlop Grand Finale at... The 2008 V8 Supercars Championship Series was a year of celebrations and farewells. It commenced with the Clipsal 500 celebrating 10 magnificent years of racing and, after 14 hard fought rounds, it concluded in a farewell to Oran Park Raceway and the... The 2009 V8 Supercar Championship Series was an exciting clash of Australian motorsport giants. While V8 Supercars entered a thrilling new era with two new street circuits at Townsville and Sydney, two of the sports great teams emerged to fight out the...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line234
__label__wiki	0.567961	0.567961	McCready Lecture on Canadian Art: Charmaine Nelson Baillie Court, Art Gallery of Ontario Recorded: Wednesday, January 20, 2016 Within the context of Trans Atlantic Slavery, the term Negro/black, prolifically used to signify people of African descent, also became conflated with the legal status of the slave. However, the term as a colonial imposition, homogenized a population, which was extremely diverse in terms of ethnicity, birth origins, language, cultural practice, and social custom. This lecture seeks to understand the process of creolization for the enslaved in a temperate (Canadian) and tropical (Jamaican) slave colony and will ask how African slaves became African-Canadian and African-Jamaican respectively. Beginning with the premise that fugitive slave advertisements were “portraits” (although extremely dubious ones) of the enslaved, this lecture combines an art historical examination of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century fugitive slave advertisements with genre studies (images of human activity) of black slaves to begin to recuperate the ethnicity, regional origins, individuality, and humanity of enslaved blacks and to examine the process and visual representation of creolization within the Trans Atlantic context of (British) Canada and Jamaica. Charmaine Nelson is an Associate Professor of Art History at McGill University where she has taught since 2003. Her research and teaching interests include postcolonial and black feminist scholarship, critical (race) theory, Trans Atlantic Slavery Studies and Black Diaspora Studies. She has made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of the Visual Culture of Slavery, Race and Representation and Black Canadian Studies. Nelson has authored five books including, The Color of Stone: Sculpting the Black Female Subject in Nineteenth-Century America (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007) and Representing the Black Female Subject in Western Art (New York: Routledge, 2010). Her forthcoming book entitled, Slavery, Geography and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Marine Landscapes of Montreal and Jamaica, will be published with Ashgate Publishing in January 2016. AGO Livestream \| McCready Lecture on Canadian Art: Charmaine Nelson From African to Creole: Examining Creolization through the Art and Fugitive Slave Advertisements of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Canada and Jamaica.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line236
__label__wiki	0.594158	0.594158	Assistant/Associate/Professor of Finance American University in Cairo Full time BUS: Accounting/Economics/Finance Founded in 1919, AUC moved to a new 270-acre state-of-the-art campus in New Cairo in 2008. The University also operates in its historic downtown facilities, offering cultural events, graduate classes, and continuing education. Student housing is available in New Cairo. Among the premier universities in the region, AUC is Middle States accredited; its Engineering programs are accredited by ABET, its Chemistry program is accredited by the Canadian Society for Chemistry, and the School of Business is accredited by AACSB, AMBA and EQUIS, and the Master of Public Administration and the Master of Public Policy programs of GAPP are accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA). . The AUC Libraries contain the largest English-language research collection in the region and are an active and integral part of the University's pursuit of excellence in all academic and scholarly programs. AUC is an English-medium institution; eighty-five percent of the students are Egyptian and the rest include students from nearly ninety countries, principally from the Middle East, Africa and North America. Faculty salary and rank are based on qualifications and professional experience. According to AUC policies and procedures, faculty are entitled to generous benefits. The School of Business anticipates openings for faculty positions at the Department of Management at the levels of Assistant/Associate/Professor of Finance, for non-tenure track four-year fixed-term appointments, beginning in fall 2021. The successful candidates will be expected to contribute to teaching in undergraduate and graduate finance courses, thesis supervision in the Master of Science in Finance and engage actively in research and service. The department of management seeks an exceptional candidate whose research complements our existing strengths in the department while transcending traditional research in the areas of corporate financial policies, investment and mathematical finance. The candidate is expected to conduct a world-class research program and build a diverse research team in collaboration with business and industry partners that address the different issues related to emerging markets with emphasis on the Middle East and Africa regions. Possible fields of interest include but are not limited to financial economics, business finance, corporate finance, applied banking, Fintech, algorithmic trading, retail banking, and portfolio theory. All faculty members must be willing to teach introductory courses. Preferred and Required Qualifications Applicants must have a PhD in Finance or a closely related field from a reputable university, preferably AACSB and/or EQUIS accredited. A record of teaching experience, graduate and undergraduate research supervision, professional service and academic service is preferred. Review of applications will begin immediately and continue until the position is filled. All applicants must submit the following documents online: Current resume Statements of research and teaching Sample of current research Completed AUC Personnel Information Form (PIF); and, Three names of reference to busref@aucegypt.edu with the subject line BUS/Finc/2021. Apply Here: https://www.click2apply.net/LYoJaDFBlkPGfop2CZpon When inquiring or applying for this position, please also reference AcademicCareers.com Applicants with dual-career considerations can find university jobs such as professor jobs, dean jobs, chair / department head jobs, and other faculty jobs and employment opportunities at the American University in Cairo and at other institutions of higher education in the region on www.AcademicCareers.com About American University in Cairo Founded in 1919, AUC is a leading English-language, American-accredited institution of higher education and center of intellectual, social and cultural life of the Arab world. Its community of students, parents, faculty and staff, trustees, alumni and other generous sponsors represent more than 60 countries. The University stands as a crossroads for the world’s cultures and a vibrant forum for reasoned argument, spirited debate and understanding across the diversity of languages, facilities and human experiences. The University offers 36 undergraduate, 44 master’s and two PhD programs rooted in a liberal arts education that encourages students to think critically and find creative solutions to conflicts and challenges facing both the region and the world. It also offers a globally recognized professional community-based education in English to meet the needs of the dynamic Egyptian and broader regional economies. The University’s educational assets include the largest English-language academic library collection in Egypt, three modern theaters and 15 cross-disciplinary research centers. The University’s modern, 260-acre New Cairo campus constitutes a visionary investment in the future of Cairo, Egypt and the region — a state-of-the-art facility for advanced research, innovative teaching, lifelong learning and civic engagement. Chartered and accredited in the United States and Egypt, The American University in Cairo is an independent, not-for-profit, equal-opportunity institution. When inquiring or applying for positions at the American University in Cairo, please also reference AcademicCareers.com Applicants with dual-career considerations can find university jobs such as professor jobs, dean jobs, chair / department head jobs, and other faculty jobs and employment opportunities at American University in Cairo and at other institutions of higher education in the region on www.AcademicCareers.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line240
__label__wiki	0.778739	0.778739	Jechiel Jagoda Knight-321 B.Sc. Physics, Imperial College of Science & Technology, University of London (1971); Ph.D., Combustion Physics, Imperial College of Science & Technology, University of London (1976); Dr. Jagoda joined the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1979 after three years at the Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Mulhouse, France and the Technical University of Munich, F. R. Germany. His prime research interests lie in the area of combustion and propulsion with special emphasis on combustion diagnostics, unsteady and pulse combustion, micro-combustors, low NOx combustors and combustion control. He has extensive experience in optical diagnostics including Schlieren imaging, laser Doppler velocimetry, phase Doppler velocimetry, as well as Rayleigh, Raman and Mic scattering. Dr. Jagoda has published 54 refereed publications, numerous non_refereed papers and given over 100 presentations at national and international meetings. He is a member of Sigma Xi and The Combustion Institute and has served a three-year term on the Technical Committee for Propellants and Combustion of the AIAA. He serves as a reviewer for several journals and sponsoring agencies. He was a member of the Program Subcommittee for the 19th and 22nd through 31st Symposia (International) on Combustion. Associate Fellow of the AIAA; Sigma Xi Junior Faculty Research Award, 1985; School of Aerospace Engineering Most Valuable Professor Award, 1985 and 1988; Lab/Collaborations: Ben T. Zinn Combustion Laboratory Strategic Energy Institute (SEI) Propulsion & Combustion Aerodynamics & Fluid Mechanics AE Multidisciplinary Research Areas: Sustainable Transportation and Energy Systems	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line243
__label__wiki	0.893261	0.893261	Office of the Chief Economist, 1 results 1 Records of the Office of the Chief Economist Office of the Chief Economist Engels Top-level description Records of the Office of the Chief Economist Records of the Office of the Chief Economist WB IBRD/IDA DEC 1946 - 2003 (predominant 1972 - 1993) Records created by the Office of the Vice President (later Senior Vice President), Development Economics and Chief Economist (DECVP) comprise the bulk of the records in Fonds 14. Prior to the creation of DECVP in 1987, responsibility for directing economic research to provide insights into the development process rested with the persons serving as the Economic Adviser to the President in the 1960s and early 1970s, and later with the offices of the Vice President, Development Policy (VPD) and the Vice President, Economics and Research Staff (VPERS) whose records are part of this fonds. Files for both approved and rejected research projects in planning and development policy, population and human resources, industry and trade, and sector studies that were maintained in the offices of VPD, VPERS, and DECVP are included in this fonds. This fonds also contains a small volume of records of the Bank's Economic Development Institute and records of the Bank's representatives to international organizations concerned with the development process: the Berne Union, the Paris Club, and U.N. organizations at Geneva, Switzerland. Also included are records of economist Bela Belassa who served from September 1966 to May 1991 as consultant to the Economic Advisers to the President, VPD, VPERS, and DECVP. The following officials served during the period 1964 to 2003 in predecessor organizations or positions whose functions became part of DECVP in the 1987 Bank reorganization and as DECVP following that reorganization: Economic Advisers Irving Friedman: 1964 - 1970 Hollis B. Chenery: 1970 - 1972 Vice President, Development Policy (VPD) Hollis B. Chenery: November 1972 - February 1982 Vice President, Economics and Research Staff (VPERS) Hollis B. Chenery: February 1982 - August 1982 Anne Krueger: August 1982 - December 1986 Benjamin B. King (Acting): January 1987 - May 1987 Vice President and Chief Economist (DECVP) Stanley Fischer: 1988 - 1990 Lawrence Summers: 1991 - 1993 Michael Bruno: 1993- 1996 Joseph E. Stiglitz: 1997 - 2000 Sir Nicholas H. Stern: 2000 - 2003.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line247
__label__cc	0.636403	0.363597	Mayor signs $5.4 billion budget for fiscal year beginning July 1st Posted by The Argonaut \| Jun 3, 2004 \| Area, News \| 0 \| Los Angeles Mayor James Hahn Thursday, May 27th, signed a $5.4 billion budget for the City of Los Angeles for the fiscal year that begins Tuesday, July 1st. The city budget had been approved by the Los Angeles City Council Monday, May 24th, after making what are being called “minor revisions” to the mayor’s proposed budget. A week earlier, Monday, May 17th, the City Council gave preliminary approval to the budget but cut many of the mayor’s proposals. The council restored several small departments that the mayor had proposed eliminating and restored money for business tax reform. The City Council also increased the mayor’s proposed reserve fund for emergencies. After the City Council’s preliminary approval of the budget May 17th, the mayor said he was “pleased” with his budget and intended to approve the budget without any changes after the City Council’s final approval. “These are tough times and we have to be careful in the future but I think the (City Council) was prudent with what we submitted,” Hahn said after the City Council’s preliminary approval May 17th. “I firmly believe the recommendations are consistent with the priority outcomes I identified in my proposed budget and have the broad support of those we serve,” Hahn said May 17th. The seven-inch-thick city budget includes slight increases for police and fire services, street improvements, libraries and a city after-school program called LA’s BEST. But to close a $300-million shortfall, the budget cuts some 300 city positions and slashes the budgets of five human relations departments by about 20 percent. The budget also eliminates about $80 million in anticipated expenditures. The budget includes expansion of the Los Angeles Police Department by 30 officers and shifts $60 million from the Department of Water and Power to the city general fund. Another $130 million was transferred from city reserves. “It is significant that we’ve balanced our budget without increasing taxes or decreasing the level of priority services,” the mayor said. The mayor and City Council members expressed pleasure that the city budget had been approved without the clashing between the mayor and councilmembers that existed during budget discussions in earlier years. But several councilmembers warned that the city still has to monitor its budget carefully. NextWestchester Y volunteer honored	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line251
__label__wiki	0.895799	0.895799	Harlan Ellison, Writer 1934 – 2018 Dan Collins - June 30, 2018 The Los Angeles Times reported that legendary science fiction writer Harlan Ellison died on Wednesday in his sleep at his home in Sherman Oaks. He was 84. Ellison was best known for his works in science fiction and fantasy with... Len Wein, Co-Creator of Wolverine and Swamp Thing, 1948 – 2017 Dan Collins - September 13, 2017 Variety has reported that comic book writer Len Wein passed away Sunday at the age of 69. His cause of death at this time is unknown. Wein was born in New York City and started freelancing at DC Comics. The... Sam Simon, “Simpsons” Co-Creator, 1955 – 2015 Dan Collins - March 10, 2015 The Hollywood Reporter has reported that Sam Simon, former writer and producer of The Simpsons, passed away on Sunday after a bout with colon cancer. He was 59. Mr. Simon, along with creator Matt Groening and producer James L. Brooks,... “Simpsons” Scriptwriter Jon Vitti Takes on Angry Birds Alex Bean - May 23, 2013 The Angry Birds movie received a major boost when it was announced that Jon Vitti was hired to write the screenplay for the upcoming animated feature film based on the popular video game. Vitti is an animated industry veteran...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line253
__label__cc	0.733701	0.266299	Kat’s Blog: City Walk-Urban Mission Wins Preliminary Injunction ·July 16, 2020 A few months ago, I wrote about a small organization called City Walk-Urban Mission in Tallahassee, Florida. The ministry was started in 2012 by Anthony and Renee Miller, it’s purpose, a faith-based, voluntary, re-entry type program to offer homeless men and ex-offenders a hand up, a chance to get back on their feet. The program accepts registrants. The original piece was written back in May 2020. At that time City Walk had run into some nasty problems with county officials who seemed bent on closing them down. Certain neighbors of the heavily wooded 3.4- acre transitional home facility, upon finding out that registrants were included in those that resided there, wanted them gone. City council members attempted to go through local police and then Zoning and Code Enforcement in their attempts to find a way to force closure of the ministry. Things began to get ugly. Now, there’s a lot of organizations out there that profess to “do good”, but City Walk-Urban Mission, seems to be the real deal. With their motto of “Every saint has a past, every sinner a future”, you can’t help but like them. This not-for-profit ministry doesn’t rely on any government aid or grants. Their primary source of funding is an 8,000 sq. ft. thrift store that they operate in Tallahassee as well as donations from those individuals who believe that investing in the lives of others is its own reward. They have a Farm Share program that distributes produce to low-income families meeting certain income requirements. They receive stacks of applications from inmates released from incarceration with nowhere to go and no help in the re-entry process. Their 12- month, voluntary program can accommodate 6 adult males at a time with the program focusing on helping them find jobs, meet probation requirements if necessary, find transportation and eventually reach their personal goals which often include reuniting with family. During their time in the program, the men live in a 3- bedroom home, share meals, chores and operate as a family unit. It’s everything a transitional home, re-entry program should be. It’s what the government should do, but doesn’t. Its honest people helping people who honestly need help. So, when Wakulla County officials began laying problems on City Walk’s doorstep, despite the fact that they didn’t want to file a lawsuit, City Walk felt they had no choice. That’s how much those running this organization believe in their mission to help others. City Walk’s attorneys at Dalton & Tomich, PLC, filed a suit under the Religious Land Use & Institutionalized Persons Act, a federal law which protects the land use rights of religious institutions and assemblies. The suit seeks to secure City Walk’s right to continue its small, transitional home ministry at its current location. On July 10, 2020, a federal court in Tallahassee did in fact enter a preliminary injunction against Wakulla County, Florida, protecting the religious exercise of City Walk-Urban Mission. The court found that the county’s restriction substantially burdened City Walk’s religious exercise and entered a preliminary order barring all county officials from attempting to prevent City Walk from housing up to 6 un-related adults in its transitional home. The injunction order handed down by Judge Mark Walker began with a scripture quote: “Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?” (Matthew 25:44.2) To which the Lord replied, “Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.” Id.25:45. Even those of us that aren’t religious or spiritual might have to agree that this Judge “hit the nail on the head” with that quote. Most people are basically good, but when there are neighbors or county officials that just want to make trouble for those that are guilty of nothing more than being in need, hungry, homeless or just out of prison, it kind of reflects poorly on all of us. Let’s hope that things continue to improve for City Walk-Urban Mission so that they may continue the good work they are doing. FloridaKat's BlogResidency Restrictions (SORR) Public Perceptions Of Youth Who Commit Sexual Offense Is Skewed, Our Research Shows Banishing ‘Sex Offenders’: How Meaningless Language Makes Bad Law – Guy Hamilton-Smith The Outspoken Offender: Can You Shed The Sex Offender Stigma? [Podcast] Sex Offender Registries in Europe and Around the world When Hate Speech Leads to Violence Facebook page requires no evidence to call men sexual abusers DUstin July 17, 2020 I can’t help wondering how long it operated before nosy neighbors complained about the registrants there. Pretty sure crime (sexual or otherwise) hasn’t gone up in the area since it opened. Brandon July 17, 2020 I support City Walk and other organizations that actually practice what they preach. Their mission statement hits the nail on the head also. People who have paid their debt need resources to help them live a better life and that’s what society should agree; instead of eww it’s a so off with their head. A society is judged on how they treat the most vulnerable and ours does a horrible job. It’s nice to see a judge rule what’s right in the state of Florida. Just wish he would of blasted the cops and county officials for harassing this organization when they had no reason. Congratulations City Walk!!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line262
__label__wiki	0.691168	0.691168	‘Ghostbusters’ (2016): The Little But Important Details You Might Have Missed Stuck at home? So is ScreenCrush’s Matt Singer — which is why he’s watching things streaming on Netflix, Hulu, Amazon, Disney+, YouTube, Criterion, Tubi, and elsewhere, and then writing about what he finds. If you want to suggest something for him to watch and write about, find him on Twitter. Previous installments of this column can be found here. Today’s Film: Director: Paul Feig Writers: Katie Dippold, Paul Feig Stars: Kristen Wiig, Melissa McCarthy, Kate McKinnon Box Office Total: $229.1 million Rotten Tomatoes Rating: 74 percent Currently Streaming On: FX Why I Watched It: One of my favorite kinds of pieces to write is a post-hype review of a movie that generated a huge amount of positive or negative press on its release. Back when I worked at The Dissolve, I loved doing the monthly “One Year Later” column, where I’d rewatch and re-examine a big movie from the year prior — with the benefit of hindsight and without the burden of expectations or hype affecting anyone’s judgment. I never got to write a “One Year Later” about Ghostbusters, and I haven’t seen the film since it opened in theaters to absurd levels of controversy in the summer of 2016. With a new — but unrelated — Ghostbusters sequel recently pushed back to next spring, the property was also on my mind. Months before it hit theaters, Ghostbusters became the target of a harassment campaign from trolls who objected to the notion of replacing the original cast with a lineup of female comedians. The trailer got downvoted on YouTube in record numbers. “Fans” bombed its audience score on sites like Rotten Tomatoes and IMDb. Their behavior kicked off a trend that’s been repeated with other pieces of pop culture (most notably Star Wars: The Last Jedi) that are deemed offensive by some online commenters because of their perceived progressive values. So by the time Ghostbusters premiered in July of 2016, it had become this huge thing. But how does it hold up as a movie? That’s what I wanted to find out when I rewatched it at home this week... Gallery — Little Details You Might Have Missed in Starship Troopers: Source: ‘Ghostbusters’ (2016): The Little But Important Details You Might Have Missed Filed Under: commerce, Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters 3, Kate McKinnon, Kristen Wiig, Leslie Jones, Little Details, Melissa McCarthy, Paul Feig	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line264
__label__wiki	0.97555	0.97555	Mike Shinoda Is Hosting An Album Release Party For 'Dropped Frames Vol. 2' By Katrina Nattress Jul 30, 2020 Warner Music Pre-Grammy Party - Inside It's only been a few weeks since Mike Shinoda released his instrumental album Dropped Frames Vol. 1, but the Linkin Park co-founder is keeping his fans pleased by sharing the second volume on Friday (July 31). He'll also be hosting an album release party during his daily Twitch livestream, which is where the tracks that comprise these projects were made. Shinoda announced the event, along with the album's tracklist, on Instagram Thursday (July 30). "Tracklist for 'Dropped Frames Vol 2.' Album comes out this Friday!" he wrote alongside the album art. "Once you listen to the tracks, join the album release party on Friday @ 10am PST on Twitch." See his post below. Shinoda's Twitch-created music isn't the only thing fans have to look forward to. During a recent interview, he teased Linkin Park's plans to celebrate Hybrid Theory's 20th anniversary. “We’ve done our best to go to a lot of people who are family, in a sense, and say, ‘What do you think we should do? What would be a good celebration of Hybrid Theory?’ and try our best to do a bunch of those ideas,” he revealed. “The problem for me is that if I’m not allowed to divulge information because I want it to be a surprise.” Though he's being mum on the details, it's exciting to know an anniversary celebration is in the works. Shinoda also gave a shout out to fans for their creative ideas. “The Linkin Park fanbase is always one of the most creative and active fanbases out there,” he said. “The creative fanbase starts jumping out and imagining things. They come up with their own great ideas — and then once in a while those great ideas are better than our ideas!”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line265
__label__wiki	0.525098	0.525098	Principal Investigators and Staff Documentary Features Episodic Documentaries Vegas Baby Filmmaker: Amanda Micheli Some think an in vitro fertilization contest sounds crazy, but countless Americans desperate to start a family believe this social media sweepstakes is their only hope. Oscar-nominated Amanda Micheli’s provocative documentary follows aspiring parents struggling with infertility and the high cost of treatments. They place themselves in the hands of a Las Vegas doctor and his annual contest, which offers the prize of a free round of IVF—with no guarantee of success. As IVF technology advances, debates about reproductive medicine – the ethical boundaries, who should have access to it, who should pay for it – are exploding across the developed world. In the United States, IVF can be cripplingly expensive and is rarely covered by insurance. So while exposing private pain online to win a contest is a brutal proposition, many infertile couples consider this a gamble worth taking. Through this controversial contest, VEGAS BABY navigates the complexities of America’s burgeoning fertility industry and unveils the class disparity within a topic often clouded by judgment and stereotypes. Micheli paints an intimate portrait of the diverse individuals – from a devoutly Catholic Latino couple in Texas to a lesbian Lady Gaga Impersonator in Manhattan – determined to have a baby against all odds. Amanda is an award-winning director and cinematographer. Her film VEGAS BABY premiered at Tribeca before its 2017 release. In 2008, Amanda earned an Oscar nomination for LA CORONA, which premiered at Sundance before airing on HBO. In 2004, she premiered DOUBLE DARE at Toronto before its PBS and theatrical release. Her first film, JUST FOR THE RIDE, won a student Oscar and IDA Award and aired on PBS in 1996. Her other credits include: ONE NATION UNDER DOG, THIN, MY FLESH AND BLOOD and CAT DANCERS (all for HBO), THE SAVE (ESPN) and SLOMO (which was Oscar-shortlisted and won best short at the IDA and SXSW). Amanda is a past visiting lecturer at Stanford’s MFA film program and a member of the Academy of Motion Pictures and the Director’s Guild of America. Numbers at a Glance 278 programs 171292 people © Copyright 2021 USC School of Cinematic Arts \| This is a program of the U.S. Department of State with funding provided by the U.S. Government, administered by USC.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line267
__label__cc	0.58806	0.41194	Where Do the Amish Live? Research indicates that the Amish population in the U.S. doubles every 16-20 years. This is mainly due to large family size; which is around seven children, and the high retention rate, over 80%, of young people moving into adulthood and joining the Amish church. U.S. Amish Population by State 2010 data are from a commission by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies for the 2010 U.S. Religion Census. 2015 data are from “Amish Studies – The Young Center”. About ‘Where the Amish Live’: As of 2016, The Amish in the U.S. live in just over 30 states. There are also settlements in Canada and South America. Almost 2/3rds of the Amish live in the three most populous states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana. The fastest growing states with Amish populations over 1,000 are New York, Minnesota, Kansas, and Virginia. Population increases in these states are due more to an influx of new residents from other states than through childbirth. *The population of the Pinecraft, Florida Amish settlement varies greatly because it is the most popular winter vacation destination for the Amish. The Amish, a religious sect from Europe, began emigrating from Europe to the U.S. in the 1700’s due to religious persecution, settling in William Penn’s Pennsylvania. There are no longer any Amish in Europe. In the early 1900’s the Amish population in the U.S. was just under 5,000 souls. Today, they reside in the U.S., parts of Canada, and Central America. The worldwide Amish population is around 300,000. You are reading Learn More About the Amish Read more from this series of articles. 1000 ways to be Amish? Who are the Amish? Supper with an Amish Family An Amish Family with their horse and buggy.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line269

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