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W2097775940 | Biosynthesis of an Escherichia coli cell, with organic compounds as sources of energy and carbon, requires approximately 20 to 60 billion high-energy phosphate bonds [Stouthamer, A. H. (1973) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 39, 545–565]. A substantial fraction of this energy budget is devoted to biosynthesis of amino acids, th... |
W2605069562 | Abstract Surfactin, a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis , is one of the most powerful biosurfactants known. This molecule consists of a cyclic heptapeptide linked to a β‐hydroxy fatty acid chain. The isomery and the length of the fatty acid (FA) chain are responsible for the surfactin's activities. In this stud... |
W2080549611 | null |
W1994981031 | Abstract Background Organisms of the genus Clostridium are Gram-positive endospore formers of great importance to the carbon cycle, human normo- and pathophysiology, but also in biofuel and biorefinery applications. Exposure of Clostridium organisms to chemical and in particular toxic metabolite stress is ubiquitous in... |
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W1975321361 | Abstract Fatty acids are the primary natural starting materials for the production of surfactant and detergent molecules. Derived from vegetable (oil) and animal (fat) triglyceride sources, the fatty acids are linear aliphatic carboxylic acids. Industrial interest in branched‐chain fatty acids is driven by the needs fo... |
W2783317487 | ABSTRACT To overcome the adverse impacts of environmental stresses during growth, different adaptive regulation mechanisms can be activated in Lactococcus lactis . In this study, the transcription levels of eight transcriptional regulators of L. lactis subsp. lactis F44 under acid stress were analyzed using quantitativ... |
W2791235950 | Bacillus subtilis strain NCD-2 is an excellent biocontrol agent for plant soil-borne diseases, and the lipopeptide fengycin is one of the active antifungal compounds in strain NCD-2. The regulator PhoP and its sensor kinase PhoR compose a two-component system in B. subtilis. In this study, the phoR- and phoP-knockout m... |
W2605223700 | null |
W1589377261 | Abstract Membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis actively transport amino acids in the presence of electron donors. The effectiveness of each physiological electron donor depends on the presence of the necessary membrane proteins that allow substrate oxidation and couple it to amino acid transport. Some of these protein... |
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W2945732919 | This study, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, systematically probed the regulatory effect of increasing the supply of amino acids on surfactin production. It provided an effective strategy and a new perspective for systematic studies on surfactin and other amino acid-derived chemicals. |
W2972428201 | Phosphorus is required for many biological molecules and essential functions, including DNA replication, transcription of RNA, protein translation, posttranslational modifications, and numerous facets of metabolism. In order to maintain the proper level of phosphate for these processes, many bacteria adapt to changes i... |
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W2915615881 | Abstract Surfactin is one of the most widely studied biosurfactants due to its many potential applications in different fields. In the present study, Bacillus velezensis BS‐37, initially identified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis , was used to efficiently produce surfactin with the addition of glycerol, an inexpensive... |
W3005139013 | The Gram-positive model organism and soil bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> naturally produces a variety of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified AMP YydF, which is encoded in the <i>yydFGHIJ</i> locus. The <i>yydF</i> gene encodes the pre-pro-peptide, w... |
W3133553060 | Surfactin is a lipoheptapeptide produced by several Bacillus species and identified for the first time in 1969. At first, the biosynthesis of this remarkable biosurfactant was described in this review. The peptide moiety of the surfactin is synthesized using huge multienzymatic proteins called NonRibosomal Peptide Synt... |
W3199953739 | In the current scenario of changing climatic conditions and the rising global population, there is an urgent need to explore novel, efficient, and economical natural products for the benefit of humankind. Biosurfactants are one of the latest explored microbial synthesized biomolecules that have been used in numerous fi... |
W3163410698 | Iturin, a metabolite produced by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, and because they are secreted in the rhizosphere of plants, iturins are often mixed with many organic molecules. In recent years, people have improved their separation and purification methods but still cannot achieve ... |
W3176891009 | Bacillus subtilis Z-14 can inhibit phytopathogenic fungi, and is used as a biocontrol agent for wheat take-all disease. The present study used the soil-borne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici ( Ggt ), which causes wheat take-all disease, and the soil microbial community as indicators, and investigated the ant... |
W3145434124 | In comparison to other natural and synthetic emulsifiers, the results showed that surfactin is a strong candidate to form and stabilize O/W emulsions under the reported conditions. |
W3034283818 | A polar head and an apolar tail chemically characterize surfactants, they show different properties and are categorized by different factors such as head charge and molecular weight. They work by reducing the surface tension between oil and water phases to facilitate the formation of one homogeneous mixture. In this re... |
W3131068657 | null |
W3163181598 | Abstract Background Surfactin, a representative biosurfactant of lipopeptide mainly produced by Bacillus subtilis, consists of a cyclic heptapeptide linked to a β-hydroxy fatty acid chain. The functional activity of surfactin is closely related to the length and isomerism of the fatty acid chain. Results In this study,... |
W3088135731 | Glycogen is a highly branched polysaccharide that is widely present in all life domains. It has been identified in many bacterial species and functions as an important energy storage compound. In addition, it plays important roles in bacterial transmission, pathogenicity, and environmental viability. There are five ess... |
W3091847020 | The developing field of bio-nanotechnology aims to advance colloidal research via the introduction of multifunctional nanoparticles to augment the dermal effectiveness of active substances. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)—isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, solvents and co-solvents or surfactants—ar... |
W4283310922 | Microbial biosurfactants have attracted the attention of researchers and companies for the last decades, as they are considered promising candidates to replace chemical surfactants in numerous applications. Although in the last years, considerable advances were performed regarding strain engineering and the use of low-... |
W4295899406 | null |
W4292953972 | Surfactin is an excellent biosurfactant with a wide range of application prospects in many industrial fields. However, its low productivity and high cost have largely limited its commercial applications. In this review, the pathways for surfactin synthesis in <i>Bacillus</i> strains are summarized and discussed. Furthe... |
W4387641368 | null |
W4327804028 | A new member of the surfactin family, surfactin-C 17 , with the longest fatty acid chain showed strong surface and biological activities. |
W4213317657 | This study aims to find the targets that may influence the production of bacitracin based on RNA sequencing in <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>. Transcriptional profiling revealed that (i) the expression of the <i>bacT</i> gene, encoding a type II thioesterase (TEII<sub>bac</sub>), was positively correlated with bacitraci... |
W4224036818 | The current work aims to formulate a stable cosmetic nanoemulsion using nature-derived ingredients such as surfactin (a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp) as an emulsifier, plant-based essential oil as a bioactive ingredient, and coconut oil as the base oil using high-energy ultrasonication method.... |
W4210817322 | Mycosubtilin belongs to the family of lipopeptides. Different isoforms with various antifungal activities can be obtained according to the length and the isomery of the fatty acid. In this work, the activities of the mycosubtilin isoforms were first studied against the pathogen Aspergillus niger, revealing the high act... |
W4304124187 | null |
W1523693806 | Autophagy is an important intracellular degradative process that delivers cytoplasmic proteins to lysosome for degradation. Dysfunction of autophagy is implicated in several human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. Autophagy-related proteins are constitutively expressed in t... |
W1788032165 | We cloned and expressed a new organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), termed human OATP2, (OATP-C, LST-1; symbol SLC21A6), involved in the uptake of various lipophilic anions into human liver. The cDNA encoding OATP2 comprised 2073 base pairs, corresponding to a protein of 691 amino acids, which were 44% identic... |
W1948123184 | The immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and cyclosporin A block T-lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting calcineurin, a critical signaling molecule for activation. Multiple intracellular receptors (immunophilins) for these drugs that specifically bind either FK506 and rapamycin (FK506-binding proteins [FKBPs]) or cyclosporin... |
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W1126765015 | We previously showed that anthraquinones (including rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) were inhibitors of human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3, causing transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions in rats. In this study, the time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of hOAT1 and hOAT3 by anthraq... |
W1500191737 | null |
W1583737843 | Protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) is one of the major brain phosphatases and can dephosphorylate tau at several phosphorylation sites in vitro. Previous studies that measured PP2B activity in human brain crude extracts showed that PP2B activity was either unchanged or decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. These resu... |
W1497188274 | The mechanism of FK506 immunosuppression has been proposed to proceed by formation of a tight-binding complex with the intracellular 12-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12). The FK506-FKBP12 complex then acts as a specific high-affinity inhibitor of the intracellular protein phosphatase PP2B (calcineurin), interrupting d... |
W1875385555 | Aims In contrast to cyclosporin, only limited information exists on the interaction potential between the immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus and HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, which are metabolized via the cytochrome P450 system. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of ceriv... |
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W1967676836 | The specificities of nine approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib) were determined by activity‐based kinase profiling using a large panel of human recombinant active kinases. This panel consisted of 79 tyrosine kinases, 19... |
W1977839873 | null |
W1969352301 | The nuclear translocation of peptide hormones, such as the somatolactogenic hormone prolactin, after receptor internalization has been widely reported. Prolactin has been demonstrated to interact with cyclophilin B, a member of the immunophilin family of proteins. Cyclophilin B interaction with prolactin potentiated pr... |
W1967808726 | Atorvastatin is increasingly used as a cholesterol-lowering agent in solid organ transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine A (CsA). However, the potential bilateral pharmacokinetic interaction between atorvastatin and CsA in renal transplant recipients has not previously been examined. Baseline 12-h CsA pharmacokine... |
W1968824596 | null |
W2012034410 | Protein expression across human tissues Sequencing the human genome gave new insights into human biology and disease. However, the ultimate goal is to understand the dynamic expression of each of the approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes and the function of each protein. Uhlén et al. now present a map of protein ex... |
W2022687771 | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly variable plus-strand RNA virus of the family <i>Flaviviridae</i>. Viral strains are grouped into six epidemiologically relevant genotypes that differ from each other by more than 30% at the nucleotide level. The variability of HCV allows immune evasion and facilitates per... |
W2023012828 | null |
W2017265065 | Oxygen homeostasis represents an essential organizing principle of metazoan evolution and biology. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of transcriptional responses to changes in O2 concentration. HIF-1 is a heterodimer of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta subunits. O2-dependent degradation of the HIF-1alpha... |
W2016394900 | null |
W2005518854 | Objective The mutual drug-drug interaction potential of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor cerivastatin and cyclosporine (INN, ciclosporin) in kidney transplant recipients receiving individual immunosuppressive treatment was evaluated with respect to pharmacokinetic behavior of eith... |
W2021805817 | null |
W2019122675 | Cyclosporin A (CsA) exerts its immunosuppressive effect by inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), thus preventing transcriptional induction of several cytokine genes. This effect is thought to be largely mediated through inactivation of the phosphatase calcineurin, which in turn inhibits... |
W2015591423 | Nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of hepatitis C infection (HCV). However, alisporivir, cyclosporin A, and most other cyclosporins are potent inhibitors of OATP1B1, MRP2, MDR1, and other important drug transporters. Reduction of the side chain hydrophobicity of the... |
W2004287689 | Abstract Statins are relatively safe first-line agents to use in the setting of dyslipidemia associated with immunosuppressive therapy in subjects undergoing liver transplantation, and also in HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia due to antiretroviral drugs, especially ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors. Rosuvast... |
W2053519812 | Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1), cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) and cyclophilin B (CyPB) form a complex in the endoplasmic reticulum which is responsible for 3-hydroxylation of a limited number of proline residues in types I, II and V collagens. In this complex, CRTAP serves the role of helper protein, while P3H1 p... |
W2050932098 | Two classes of hepatitis C antiviral agents currently exist, i.e., direct-acting antivirals and host-targeting antivirals. Direct-acting antivirals target viral proteins including NS3/NS4A protease, NS5B polymerase and NS5A protein, while host-targeting antivirals target various host proteins critical for replication o... |
W2036741913 | Cyclosporin A (CsA) causes a number of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by inhibiting OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. In the present study, long-lasting inhibitory effects of CsA on these transporters were examined in comparison to tacrolimus (TCR). OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-expressing HEK293T cells, OATP1B1-expressin... |
W2041587518 | The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) involves the opening of a non-specific pore in the inner membrane of mitochondria, converting them from organelles whose production of ATP sustains the cell, to instruments of death. Here, I first summarize the evidence in favour of our model for the molecular mechanism o... |
W2031412970 | null |
W2046996355 | The chemokine receptor CXCR4-mediated signaling cascades play an important role in cell proliferation and migration, but the underlying mechanisms by which the receptor signaling is regulated remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that CXCR4 was co-immunoprecipitated with cyclophilin A (CyPA) from the lys... |
W2049347116 | The plasma concentrations of pravastatin in pediatric cardiac recipients receiving triple immunosuppressive medication are nearly 10-fold higher than in hypercholesterolemic children after the same pravastatin dose. However, the short-term therapy of pravastatin was well tolerated and effective in lowering serum choles... |
W2061730574 | Cyclophilins belong to the enzyme class of peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerases which catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl bonds in peptides and proteins in different folding states. Cyclophilins have been shown to be involved in a multitude of cellular functions like cell growth, proliferation, and motility.... |
W2043034268 | Reduced function of OATP1B1 related to genetic variation and drug-drug interactions likely contributed to cerivastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis. Although cerivastatin is no longer in clinical use, these findings may translate to related statins and other substrates of OATP1B1. |
W2055013289 | A protein has been identified that interacts specifically with both the Src homologous 3 (SH3) domain and carboxy-terminal sequences of the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. The cDNA encoding the Abl interactor protein (Abi-2), was isolated from a human lymphocyte library using the yeast two-hybrid system with the Abl SH3 domain ... |
W2062120260 | null |
W2084977836 | Proliferation and immunologic function of T lymphocytes are initiated by signals from the antigen receptor that are inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506 but not by its structural analog, rapamycin. On the other hand, interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced signals are blocked by rapamycin but not by FK506. Remarkably, these t... |
W2062371417 | null |
W2085448380 | Rosuvastatin exposure was significantly increased in transplant recipients on an antirejection regimen including cyclosporine. Cyclosporine inhibition of OATP-C-mediated rosuvastatin hepatic uptake may be the mechanism of the drug-drug interaction. Coadministration of rosuvastatin with cyclosporine needs to be undertak... |
W2077798795 | Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and is a major regulator of translation, cell growth, and autophagy. mTOR exists in two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that differ in their subunit composition. In this study, we identified KIAA040... |
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W2112078820 | We present a statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide assignments to tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra made by database search applications such as SEQUEST. Employing the expectation maximization algorithm, the analysis learns to distinguish correct from incorrect database search results, computing probabilities... |
W2089850443 | Cyclophilin, a specific cytosolic binding protein responsible for the concentration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A by lymphoid cells, was purified to homogeneity from bovine thymocytes. Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography resolved a major and minor cyclophilin species that bind cyclosporin A ... |
W2145804243 | null |
W2091423586 | Abstract Dasatinib is a BCR-ABL inhibitor with 325-fold higher potency than imatinib against unmutated BCR-ABL in vitro. Imatinib failure is commonly caused by BCR-ABL mutations. Here, dasatinib efficacy was analyzed in patients recruited to phase 2/3 trials with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia with or without B... |
W2099236176 | Cyclosporine raised the plasma concentrations of repaglinide, probably by inhibiting its CYP3A4-catalyzed biotransformation and OATP1B1-mediated hepatic uptake. Coadministration of cyclosporine may enhance the blood glucose-lowering effect of repaglinide and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. |
W2131983256 | Aims Rosuvastatin and pitavastatin have been proposed as probe substrates for the organic anion‐transporting polypeptide ( OATP ) 1 B , but clinical data on their relative sensitivity and selectivity to OATP1B inhibitors are lacking. A clinical study was therefore conducted to determine their relative suitability as OA... |
W2139413142 | null |
W2152561379 | ABSTRACT SCY-635 is a novel nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine-based analog that exhibits potent suppression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro . SCY-635 inhibited the peptidyl prolyl isomerase activity of cyclophilin A at nanomolar concentrations but showed no detectable inhibition of calcineurin phosphata... |
W2102417187 | null |
W2111809733 | The immunophilin cochaperones, cyclophilin 40 (CyP40), FKBP51 and FKBP52 and PP5, a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, have been implicated as modulators of steroid receptor function through their association with Hsp90, a molecular chaperone with a key role in steroid hormone signalling. Although progress towards a... |
W2153607816 | null |
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