MartinKu/wikipedia_stage1_OC_20230331 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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a political philosophy and movement
sceptical of authority and rejects all involuntary , coercive forms of hierarchy .
for the abolition of the state ,
to be unnecessary , undesirable , and harmful .
As a historically left - wing movement , placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum
alongside communalism and libertarian Marxism as the libertarian wing ( libertarian socialism ) of the socialist movement , and has a strong historical association with anti - capitalism and socialism .
in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of formal states , realms , or empires .
With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies
throughout history
from the Enlightenment .
During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century
in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers ' struggles for emancipation .
during this period .
part in several revolutions , most notably in the Paris Commune , the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War ,
the end of the classical era of anarchism .
In the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century
resurgent once more .
a diversity of tactics in order to meet its ideal ends
into revolutionary and evolutionary tactics ; there is significant overlap between the two ,
merely descriptive .
to bring down authority and state , having taken a violent turn in the past ,
to prefigure what
like .
a part in diverse areas of human society .
internally inconsistent , violent , or utopian .
Etymology , terminology , and definition
from the Ancient Greek anarkhia , meaning " without a ruler " , composed of the prefix an- ( " without " ) and the word arkhos ( " leader " or " ruler " ) .
the ideological current
anarchy .
in English from 1642 as anarchisme and anarchy from 1539
a sense of disorder .
their opponents as anarchists ,
many views with later anarchists .
to the anarchist doctrines of the next generation but did not use anarchist or anarchism in describing themselves or their beliefs .
Pierre - Joseph Proudhon ( 1809–1865 ) , marking the formal birth of anarchism in the mid-19th century .
Since the 1890s and beginning in France
as a synonym for anarchism and
still common outside the United States .
to individualistic free - market philosophy only , and free -
libertarian anarchism .
largely synonymous with anarchism
with wider adoption from ideologically disparate groups , including both the New Left and libertarian Marxists ,
themselves with authoritarian socialists or a vanguard party , and extreme cultural liberals ,
primarily concerned with civil liberties .
libertarian socialist to avoid anarchism 's negative connotations and emphasise its connections with socialism .
to describe the anti - authoritarian wing of the socialist movement .
to socialist forms
state - oriented or from above .
anarchism 's socialist credentials and criticise attempts at creating dichotomies between the two .
anarchism as having many influences from liberalism , and being both liberals and socialists but more so ,
anarcho - capitalism as a misunderstanding of anarchist principles .
central to anarchist thought
an easy task for scholars , as there is a lot of discussion among scholars and anarchists on the matter , and
anarchism slightly differently .
the will for a non - coercive society , the rejection of the state apparatus , the belief
in or progress toward such a non - coercive society , and a suggestion on how to act to pursue the ideal of anarchy .
History Pre - modern era Before the establishment of towns and cities
after the creation of institutions of authority
as a reaction .
in China and Greece .
In China
by Taoist philosophers Zhuang Zhou and Laozi .
Alongside Stoicism
to have had " significant anticipations " of anarchism .
by tragedians and philosophers in Greece .
the myth of Antigone to illustrate the conflict between rules set by the state and personal autonomy .
Athenian authorities constantly and insisted on the right of individual freedom of conscience .
human law ( nomos ) and associated authorities while trying to live according to nature ( physis ) .
supportive of a society based on unofficial and friendly relations among its citizens without the presence of a state .
In medieval Europe , there was no anarchistic activity except some ascetic religious movements .
birth to religious anarchism .
In the Sasanian Empire
for an egalitarian society and the abolition of monarchy , only to be soon executed by Emperor Kavad I. In Basra
against the state .
In Europe
anti - state and libertarian tendencies .
elements of anti - authoritarian secularism , particularly in France .
the ideological development of
the era of classical anarchism .
Modern era During the French Revolution
a turning point in the fermentation of anti - state and federalist sentiments .
throughout the 18th century
philosophical anarchism in England , morally delegitimising the state , Max
the way to individualism and Pierre - Joseph
fertile soil in France .
By the late 1870s
well - defined and
from 1880 to 1914 .
until the end of the Spanish Civil War and is considered the golden age of anarchism .
Drawing from mutualism
collectivist anarchism and entered the International Workingmen 's Association , a class worker union later known as the First International
in 1864 to unite diverse revolutionary currents .
a significant political force , with
a leading figure and a member of its General Council .
state socialism , advocating political abstentionism and small property holdings .
After bitter disputes
from the International by the Marxists at the 1872 Hague Congress .
similarly in the Second International , being ultimately expelled in 1896 .
power by Marx 's terms
up the new tyrants of workers .

a political philosophy and movement

sceptical of authority and rejects all involuntary , coercive forms of hierarchy .

for the abolition of the state ,

to be unnecessary , undesirable , and harmful .

As a historically left - wing movement , placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum

alongside communalism and libertarian Marxism as the libertarian wing ( libertarian socialism ) of the socialist movement , and has a strong historical association with anti - capitalism and socialism .

in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of formal states , realms , or empires .

With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies

throughout history

from the Enlightenment .

During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century

in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers ' struggles for emancipation .

during this period .

part in several revolutions , most notably in the Paris Commune , the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War ,

the end of the classical era of anarchism .

In the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century

resurgent once more .

a diversity of tactics in order to meet its ideal ends

into revolutionary and evolutionary tactics ; there is significant overlap between the two ,

merely descriptive .

to bring down authority and state , having taken a violent turn in the past ,

to prefigure what

like .

a part in diverse areas of human society .

internally inconsistent , violent , or utopian .

Etymology , terminology , and definition

from the Ancient Greek anarkhia , meaning " without a ruler " , composed of the prefix an- ( " without " ) and the word arkhos ( " leader " or " ruler " ) .

the ideological current

anarchy .

in English from 1642 as anarchisme and anarchy from 1539

a sense of disorder .

their opponents as anarchists ,

many views with later anarchists .

to the anarchist doctrines of the next generation but did not use anarchist or anarchism in describing themselves or their beliefs .

Pierre - Joseph Proudhon ( 1809–1865 ) , marking the formal birth of anarchism in the mid-19th century .

Since the 1890s and beginning in France

as a synonym for anarchism and

still common outside the United States .

to individualistic free - market philosophy only , and free -

libertarian anarchism .

largely synonymous with anarchism

with wider adoption from ideologically disparate groups , including both the New Left and libertarian Marxists ,

themselves with authoritarian socialists or a vanguard party , and extreme cultural liberals ,

primarily concerned with civil liberties .

libertarian socialist to avoid anarchism 's negative connotations and emphasise its connections with socialism .

to describe the anti - authoritarian wing of the socialist movement .

to socialist forms

state - oriented or from above .

anarchism 's socialist credentials and criticise attempts at creating dichotomies between the two .

anarchism as having many influences from liberalism , and being both liberals and socialists but more so ,

anarcho - capitalism as a misunderstanding of anarchist principles .

central to anarchist thought

an easy task for scholars , as there is a lot of discussion among scholars and anarchists on the matter , and

anarchism slightly differently .

the will for a non - coercive society , the rejection of the state apparatus , the belief

in or progress toward such a non - coercive society , and a suggestion on how to act to pursue the ideal of anarchy .

History Pre - modern era Before the establishment of towns and cities

after the creation of institutions of authority

as a reaction .

in China and Greece .

In China

by Taoist philosophers Zhuang Zhou and Laozi .

Alongside Stoicism

to have had " significant anticipations " of anarchism .

by tragedians and philosophers in Greece .

the myth of Antigone to illustrate the conflict between rules set by the state and personal autonomy .

Athenian authorities constantly and insisted on the right of individual freedom of conscience .

human law ( nomos ) and associated authorities while trying to live according to nature ( physis ) .

supportive of a society based on unofficial and friendly relations among its citizens without the presence of a state .

In medieval Europe , there was no anarchistic activity except some ascetic religious movements .

birth to religious anarchism .

In the Sasanian Empire

for an egalitarian society and the abolition of monarchy , only to be soon executed by Emperor Kavad I. In Basra

against the state .

In Europe

anti - state and libertarian tendencies .

elements of anti - authoritarian secularism , particularly in France .

the ideological development of

the era of classical anarchism .

Modern era During the French Revolution

a turning point in the fermentation of anti - state and federalist sentiments .

throughout the 18th century

philosophical anarchism in England , morally delegitimising the state , Max

the way to individualism and Pierre - Joseph

fertile soil in France .

By the late 1870s

well - defined and

from 1880 to 1914 .

until the end of the Spanish Civil War and is considered the golden age of anarchism .

Drawing from mutualism

collectivist anarchism and entered the International Workingmen 's Association , a class worker union later known as the First International

in 1864 to unite diverse revolutionary currents .

a significant political force , with

a leading figure and a member of its General Council .

state socialism , advocating political abstentionism and small property holdings .

After bitter disputes

from the International by the Marxists at the 1872 Hague Congress .

similarly in the Second International , being ultimately expelled in 1896 .

power by Marx 's terms

up the new tyrants of workers .