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[INST] What is a acceptance [/INST] State achieved by a product, system or process as soon as there is agreement that thisor it is suitable for the intended use
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[INST] What is a Accident [/INST] Unintended event or series of events resulting in deaths, injuries,Loss of a system or service, or environmental damage
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[INST] What is a Permit [/INST] Permission to use a product or process for a specified purpose or under specified conditionsto market or use
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[INST] What is a Insurance [/INST] Confidence in achieving a set goal. Statement intended to give confidence
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[INST] What is a Audit [/INST] Systematic, independent, documented process for obtaining records, statements of Facts or other relevant information and their objective assessment to determine the extent to whichspecified requirements are metN1
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[INST] What is a Availability <of a product> [/INST] Ability of a resource to perform at a given time or during a given time interval to be able to fulfil a required function under given conditions, provided that thenecessary external aids are provided
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[INST] What is a Basic integrity [/INST] Integrity attribute for safety-related functions with a TFFR higher (less demanding) than10–5 [H-1] or for non-safety-related functions
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[INST] What is a collective risk [/INST] Risk caused by, for example, a product, process or system to which a population ora group of people is exposed
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[INST] What is a commercial standard product [/INST] Product determined by market requirements, which is commercially available and whose suitability for useis considered acceptable by a wide range of commercial users
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[INST] What is a Common cause failures [/INST] Failures of multiple units that would otherwise be considered independent of each other,due to a single cause
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[INST] What is a accordance [/INST] Condition in which a characteristic or property of a product, system or process does not meet the specifiedrequirements fulfilled
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[INST] What is a Configuration management [/INST] Procedures for identifying and documenting the properties of structures, systems and components components of a plant (including computer systems and software) and ensuring that any changes these properties with due care, developed, assessed, approved, executed, implementedmented, verified, recorded and included in the plant documentation
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[INST] What is a Consequence analysis [/INST] Analysis of events that are likely to happen after a hazard has occurred
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[INST] What is a corrective maintenance, repair [/INST] Maintenance carried out after a fault detection, with the intention of restoring
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[INST] What is a Draft [/INST] Activity to analyze specified requirements and translate them into acceptable solutions
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[INST] What is a deterministic [/INST] Expresses that a behavior can be predicted with a certain degree of certainty
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[INST] What is a Diversity [/INST] Existence of two or more possibilities to achieve a specified goal
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[INST] What is a entity [/INST] Person, group or organization that performs a role as defined in this standard
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[INST] What is a Death equivalent [/INST] Expression for the indication of fatalities and weighted injuries and agreement for the combined ration of injuries and deaths in a numerical value to facilitate the assessment and comparison of riskssiken to facilitate
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[INST] What is a False statement / mistake [/INST] Discrepancy between a calculated, observed or measured value or a determinationand the true, fixed or theoretically correct value or quality
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[INST] What is a failure <a unit> [/INST] Loss of ability to function as required
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[INST] What is a Failure type [/INST] How a failure occurs
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[INST] What is a Failure rate [/INST] Limit of the quotient of the conditional probability that the timeT of failure in agiven time interval (t ,tt ) and the length of this intervalt , ift goes to 0,provided that the product is in working order at the beginning of the time interval
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[INST] What is a Faulty condition <in a system> [/INST] Abnormal condition that can lead to an error or failure in a systemN9
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[INST] What is a function <one unit> [/INST] Specified action or activity carried out by technical means and/or by humansand which delivers a defined output value for a defined input value
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[INST] What is a functional safety [/INST] Part of the overall safety that depends on a system or equipment providing correct responsewords on their input states provides
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[INST] What is a generic product [/INST] Product that is independent of application-defined boundary conditions, interfaces andFunctionalities (black box) fulfilled
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[INST] What is a Danger [/INST] Condition that can lead to an accident
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[INST] What is a Risk analysis [/INST] Process for identifying hazards and analyzing their causes, and deriving requirements,to limit the probability and consequences of hazards to an acceptable level
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[INST] What is a Hazard logbook [/INST] Document in which identified hazards, decisions taken, solutions used and theirImplementation state is recorded or referenced
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[INST] What is a Hazard rate [/INST] Rate of occurrence of a hazard
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[INST] What is a implementation [/INST] Activity to turn the specified designs into reality
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[INST] What is a independent safety assessment [/INST] Process whose objective is to determine whether the service/product meets the specified safety requirements and to assess whether the service/product meets the safety requirements for theis suitable for the intended purpose
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[INST] What is a individual risk [/INST] Process of assembling the elements of a system according to the architecture and designspecification and testing of the integrated unit
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[INST] What is a Life cycle [/INST] Sequence of identifiable stages that an entity goes through from its conception to disposal
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[INST] What is a Maintainability <a unit> [/INST] Ability to operate under given application and maintenance conditions in a functional manner as required.to be maintained or restored to a functional state
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[INST] What is a maintenance [/INST] Combination of all technical and business measures with which a unit is in a statepreserved or restored to a state in which it can function as required
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[INST] What is a Cessation of operations [/INST] Objective description of the basic task to be fulfilled by a system
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[INST] What is a Profile of the business task [/INST] Outline of the expected scope and changes in operational tasks with regard to parameters such as time, load, speed, route, stops, tunnels, etc. in the operating phases of the train.life cycle
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[INST] What is a safety-related failure reaction [/INST] Establishing a safe state after a dangerous failure has been detected
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[INST] What is a reaction time <in railway engineering> [/INST] Time interval that begins with the discovery of a faulty condition and ends with the taking of a safeCondition ends
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[INST] What is a Existing software [/INST] Any software developed before the application currently being worked on, including com- commercial standard software, open source software and previously, not under this EuropeanStandard developed software
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[INST] What is a Maintenance / preventive maintenance [/INST] Maintenance with the aim of avoiding any reduction in functionality and reducing the probability of failure.possibility to reduce
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[INST] What is a product < in railways> [/INST] Set of elements that are connected to form a system, subsystem or facilityare that the specified requirements are met
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[INST] What is a Project management [/INST] Administrative and/or technical management of a project, including RAMS aspects
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[INST] What is a Project Manager [/INST] Entity that performs project management
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[INST] What is a Railway companies [/INST] Body with overall responsibility for the operation of a railway system within the legalFrame
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[INST] What is a RAM plan [/INST] Documented list of time-based activities, resources and events that contribute to Implementation of organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, activities, skills and Resources that together ensure that a unit can provide given, for a specific contractor a specific project meets significant RAM requirements
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[INST] What is a RAMS management process [/INST] Activities and procedures followed to ensure identification and compliance with the requirements for a product orto enable an operation to comply with the RAMS requirements.
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[INST] What is a random errors [/INST] Unpredictable error resulting from one or more of the possible degradation mechanismsresults in
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[INST] What is a Functionality / reliability <a unit> [/INST] Ability to perform as required under given conditions and for a given time interval without failurefunction
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[INST] What is a Reliability growth <a unit> [/INST] Iterative process to improve reliability
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[INST] What is a repair [/INST] Direct action aimed at restoring
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[INST] What is a Residual risk [/INST] Risk remaining after application of protective measures
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[INST] What is a Restoration / Repair [/INST] Process when a unit regains its required operational capability after a failure
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[INST] What is a risk<for Train RAMS> [/INST] Combination of expected frequency of damage and expected severity of this damage
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[INST] What is a Risk analysis [/INST] Systematic evaluation of available information to identify hazards and reduce the riskto assess
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[INST] What is a Risk assessment [/INST] Entire procedure, which includes risk analysis and risk assessment
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[INST] What is a risk-based approach [/INST] Process for ensuring the safety of products, processes and systems by considering theHazards and the resulting risks
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[INST] What is a Risk assessment [/INST] Procedure based on risk analysis to determine whether the acceptable risk is achievedbecame
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[INST] What is a Risk management [/INST] Systematic application of management strategies, procedures and practices to the tasks of analysisAnalysis, assessment, control and monitoring of risks
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[INST] What is a safe condition [/INST] Condition that continues to preserve safety
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[INST] What is a Security [/INST] Freedom from unacceptable risk
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[INST] What is a Security Authority [/INST] Body responsible for granting approval to operate a safety-relevant system
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[INST] What is a Safety barrier [/INST] Any physical or non-physical means that reduces the frequency of a hazard and/or perceived likely accident resulting from the hazard and/or reduce the severity of probablelikely accidents resulting from the hazard
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[INST] What is a Safety proof [/INST] Documented evidence that a product (e.g. a system, subsystem or equipment)specified safety requirements are met
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[INST] What is a Safety function [/INST] Function whose sole purpose is to ensure security
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[INST] What is a Security integrityN25 [/INST] Ability of a safety-relevant system to perform its required safety functions under all specified conditions within a specified operational environment and within ato be provided within a specified period
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[INST] What is a Security integrity level [/INST] One of a number of defined discrete levels for specifying the requirements for the security ity integrity of safety-related functions assigned to the safety-related systemsbecomes
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[INST] What is a Security management [/INST] Management structure that ensures that the security process is implemented correctly
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[INST] What is a Safety management process [/INST] Part of the RAMS management process that specifically addresses security aspects
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[INST] What is a Security plan [/INST] Documented list of time-based activities, resources and events, the introduction an organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, activities, skills and resources and thus ensure that a unit meets specified safety requirements for aspecific contract or project
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[INST] What is a safety-relevant [/INST] Bearing responsibility for safety
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[INST] What is a Safety-related application conditions [/INST] The conditions that must be met for a system to be safely integrated and operatedcan
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[INST] What is a software [/INST] Intellectual creation, which includes the programs, procedures, rules, data and all related documentationmentation that is part of the operation of a system
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[INST] What is a Subsystem [/INST] Part of a system that is a system in itself
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[INST] What is a system [/INST] Set of interrelated elements that, in a certain context, as a wholeseen and considered separate from their surroundings
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[INST] What is a systematic failure [/INST] Failure that occurs regularly under certain handling, storage or operating conditions
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[INST] What is a technical security [/INST] Part of safety that depends on the characteristics of a product that result from the functionalrequirements of the system and/or the system design
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[INST] What is a Check [/INST] Determination of one or more characteristics of an object of conformity assessment according to aProceedings
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[INST] What is a Validation [/INST] Confirmation by providing objective evidence that the requirements for a specificintended use or a specific intended application have been fulfilled
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[INST] What is a verification [/INST] Confirmation by providing objective evidence that specified requirements have been met.the are
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[INST] What does the abbreviation CoP mean [/INST] Code of Practice
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[INST] What does the abbreviation COTS mean [/INST] Commercial Off-The-Shelf
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[INST] What does the abbreviation EMV mean [/INST] ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
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[INST] What does the abbreviation EMI mean [/INST] ElectroMagnetic Interference
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[INST] What does the abbreviation FC mean [/INST] Fault Coverage
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[INST] What does the abbreviation FMEA mean [/INST] Failure Mode Effects Analysis
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[INST] What does the abbreviation FMECA mean [/INST] Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis
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[INST] What does the abbreviation FRACAS mean [/INST] Failure Reporting, Analysis, and Corrective Action System
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[INST] What does the abbreviation FTA mean [/INST] Fault Tree Analysis
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[INST] What does the abbreviation LAD mean [/INST] Logistic and Administrative Delay
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[INST] What does the abbreviation LCC mean [/INST] Life-Cycle Cost
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[INST] What does the abbreviation MDT mean [/INST] Mean Down Time
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[INST] What does the abbreviation MTBF mean [/INST] Mean Time Between Failures
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[INST] What does the abbreviation MTBM mean [/INST] Mean Time Between Maintenances
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[INST] What does the abbreviation MTTF mean [/INST] Mean Time To Failure
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[INST] What does the abbreviation MUT mean [/INST] Mean Up Time
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[INST] What does the abbreviation RAC mean [/INST] Risk Acceptance Criteria
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[INST] What does the abbreviation RAM mean [/INST] Reliability, Availability and Maintainability
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