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1
QPOs in 4U 1626-67
J. Kommers (MIT), D. Chakrabarty (MIT), W. H. G. Lewin (MIT)
The low-mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1626-67 shows quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) with a centroid frequency of 0.048 Hz and red noise variability as well as coherent pulsations at the 0.130 Hz neutron star rotation frequency. In power density spectra of observations made with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we have found significant sidebands at the frequencies (n*f_0 - f_qpo) and (n*f_0 + f_qpo), where f_0 = 0.130 Hz is the pulsar spin frequency, f_qpo = 0.048 Hz is the QPO frequency, and n = 1,2,3... is an integer. These sidebands provide a diagnostic of the QPO mechanism. In the 17-30 keV range the powers in the sidebands are symmetric about the harmonic frequencies. This suggests that the instantaneous amplitude of the coherent pulsations is modulated by the QPOs. This phenomenon is expected (for example) in models such as the magnetospheric beat frequency model (MBFM) where the QPOs originate near the polar caps of the neutron star, since any variation in the X-ray emission from the polar caps will affect the intensity of the coherent pulsations. In the 4-8 keV range, however, the lower-frequency sidebands (at n*f_0 - f_qpo) are significantly stronger than their higher-frequency complements (at n*f_0 + f_qpo). Since simple amplitude modulation produces side bands with equal powers, there must be an additional oscillation at the frequencies (n*f_0 - f_qpo) that produces the excess power observed in the enhanced lower-frequency sidebands. In the MBFM there is nothing obvious that would explain the enhanced lower-frequency sidebands. Thus the observed sideband structure is inconsistent with the MBFM being the explanation for the 0.048 Hz QPOs. A scenario that explains the 0.048 Hz QPOs as well as the observed sideband structure is the following. Suppose a coherent structure (a "blob" of some kind) orbits the neutron star with an orbital frequency of 0.048 Hz, which may or may not be a Keplerian frequency (e.g., it may represent a wave packet traveling in the accretion disk). This blob modulates the optical depth along the line of sight as it orbits, producing the 0.048 Hz QPOs. When it crosses the line of sight between the Earth and the neutron star, it attenuates the pulsar beam; this modulates the coherent pulsations at 0.048 Hz and produces the symmetric sidebands. The blob orbits in the same direction as the neutron star rotation, so it reprocesses the pulsar beam at the beat frequencies between the pulsar harmonics and the QPOs (n*f_0 - f_qpo). Some of the reprocessed X-rays are returned along the line of sight, producing the enhanced lower-frequency side bands. Quite independently, we find no evidence that the red noise variability modulates the amplitude of the coherent pulsations. This is also in contrast to the expectations of the MBFM and differs from the behavior in some high-mass X-ray binary pulsars. More information can be found in our manuscript (in preparation), available as a PostScript file at the URL associated with this telegram.
1997-12-18 01:28:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,pulsar,star
1997-12-18
01:28:00
3,014
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0
2
GB971227
R. Rutledge
The following message was emailed to me this evening by Walter Lewin at MIT. - -------------------------------------------------------------- A GRB (GB971227, Bacodine trigger 6546) has been detected by BeppoSAX GRBM and WFC at 8:23:06 UT. Coordinates from WFC are: RA(2000)=194.373 Dec(2000)=59.27 The event was detected when the satellite was in a not optimal attitude configuration, with an estimated error radius of about 10'. Luigi Piro on behalf of the BeppoSAX team #----------------------------------#------------------------------------------# Luigi Piro | E-mail: Istituto Astrofisica Spaziale | piro@alpha1.ias.rm.cnr.it C.N.R. | SAX program: saxsci@alpha1.ias.rm.cnr.it Via Fosso del Cavaliere | phone: -39-6-4993-4007 I-00133 Roma | phone BeppoSAX center: -39-6-4079-6393 Italy | fax(CNR) : -39-6-20660188 #__________________________________#___________________________________________#
1997-12-28 12:43:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1997-12-28
12:43:00
901
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1
3
Improved Coordinates for GB971227
R. Rutledge
In addendum of ATEL #2: Additional Information forwarded by Walter Lewin, providing improved coordinates for the Gamma Ray Burst 971227 - --------------------------------------------------------------- Slightly improved coordinates of GB971227 from BeppoSAX WFC are RA(2000)=194.395 Decl(2000)=59.256 i.e. only 1.4' far from the previous ones. Error radius is 8'. Further improvements may be available in a day or so from the result of the follow up observation with the NFI of BeppoSAX, that is currently on going. Luigi Piro Mission Scientist on behalf of the BeppoSAX Team #----------------------------------#------------------------------------------# Luigi Piro | E-mail: Istituto Astrofisica Spaziale | piro@alpha1.ias.rm.cnr.it C.N.R. | SAX program: saxsci@alpha1.ias.rm.cnr.it Via Fosso del Cavaliere | phone: -39-6-4993-4007 I-00133 Roma | phone BeppoSAX center: -39-6-4079-6393 Italy | fax(CNR) : -39-6-20660188 #__________________________________#___________________________________________#
1997-12-28 14:52:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1997-12-28
14:52:00
1,007
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2
4
The Probable Connection Between Relativistic Shock Acceleration and Gamma Ray Bursts
R. Lieu (Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899)
The recent detection of delayed Gamma ray burst (GRB) afterglows at longer wavelengths (van Paradijs et al 1997, Piro et al 1997, Bond 1997, Frail and Kulkarni 1997, Halpern et al 1997) supports strongly the notion that GRBs are produced at relativistic cosmological shocks (Pacynski 1986, Goodman 1986, Rees and Meszaros 1992). The current understanding is that these shocks are ultra-relativistic, with an upstream Lorentz factor Gamma ~300, and radiate the gamma rays as the shock accelerated electrons emit by the synchrotron or inverse-Compton process (Waxman 1997). A non-thermal origin of the GRB requires acceleration of electrons to energies comparable to those of the UHE cosmic rays. As already pointed out by Vietri (1995 and 1997), it is well known that diffusive acceleration at non-relativistic shocks is not rapid enough to produce such particles, which are at the top end of the cosmic ray spectrum (i.e. ~10^{20} eV). This same author also correctly noted that an earlier paper (Quenby and Lieu 1989) recognized for the first time an enhancement in the acceleration rate when a shock becomes relativistic. The effect, which may either be viewed in terms of a higher rate or a shorter time to reach a given particle energy when compared with conventional shocks, scales as Gamma^2, meaning that for Gamma ~300 acceleration can in principle be ~10^5 times faster. The production of gamma rays and UHE cosmic rays can therefore be achieved simultaneously at the sites of GRBs. The original application of Quenby and Lieu (1989) was to termination shocks in AGN jets, and the value of Gamma assumed in that paper was ~3. Obviously since the Lorentz boosting scales as Gamma^2 the effect is far more important in GRBs. It is entirely reasonable to expect such a powerful mechanism to dominate other acceleration/energization process, and to easily overcome any complicating factors. For example, while our result was obtained assuming a parallel shock, the presence of a shock obliquity (i.e. a finite angle between the upstream flow vector and the upstream magnetic field) does not affect the basic physics (Lieu et al 1992). Even in the case of a perpendicular shock where the problem of returning particles upstream is most acute, the dense environment of the expanding GRB shells ensures sufficient turbulence to confine particles to within the shock vicinity by scattering. I conclude with a simple heuristic way of appreciating why relativistic shocks are such efficient accelerators by drawing an analogy with the inverse Compton process. The upstream cosmic ray particles are likened to the laboratory photons, while scatterers downstream of a relativistic shock are likened to the fast electrons. An elastic collision in the frame of a scatterer returns a quantum to the original (laboratory) frame with an energy gain of Gamma^2. This is especially so for relativistic shocks, where anisotropies in the particle distributions favor backward scattering events. Acceleration in this kind of environment are more appropriately classified as a zeroth-order Fermi process. References
1998-01-06 14:11:00
optical,gamma ray,uhe,agn,cosmic rays,gamma-ray burst,a comment
1998-01-06
14:11:00
3,105
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3
5
GRB 971214
S. R. Kulkarni, A. N. Ramaprakash, J. Bloom, S. Djorgovski, Caltech; R. Goodrich, Keck Observatory/CARA and D. Frail, VLA/NRAO report on behalf of the Caltech GRB effort
The optical transient (IAUC # 6788 ) of GRB 971214 (IAUC # 6787 ; IAUC # 6792 ) was observed by J. Aycock using the LRIS instrument on Keck II. The observations were conducted between 1400--1600 UT of January 10, 1998 and images were obtained in the R band. The seeing was consistently 0.86 arcsec and 12 frames each of five minute duration were obtained. A source is clearly detected at the position of the OT. This source is fainter by 5.5 +/- 0.17 mag compared to object 2 of Henden et al. (GCN note [#016] of Dec 24, 1997). We measured pixel offsets between this source and object 2 and compared to similar offsets in the LRIS I-band image of Dec 15.47 1997 UT (see GCN note of Dec 17, 1997). The offsets match to better than 0.15 arcsec in each axis. A power law fit to the I-band data of Halpern et al. (IAUC # 6788 ) and our LRIS I-band data of Dec 16.52 and Dec 17.45 UT predict an I-band magnitude between 26.2 and 27.0 on January 10, 1998. The uncertainty represents maximum errors in the extrapolation. Diercks et al. (IAUC # 6791 ) note that the OT had R-I=1.0+/-0.4 on Dec 15.5 1997 UT. The subsequent two R band measurements (IAUC # 6791 ) appear to track the I-band points (to within errors). Thus, if there is no color evolution in the OT then the predicted R band magnitude on 10 January 1998 UT is between 27.2 and 28.0 mag with an offset uncertainty of 0.4 mag. We conclude that either the OT has stopped its power law decay or more likely the host of the OT has an R magnitude of 25.6 mag.
1998-01-13 05:31:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,transient
1998-01-13
05:31:00
1,510
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4
6
GRB980109
Andrzej Udalski and Martin Kubiak, Warsaw University Observatory, on behalf of the OGLE collaboration
GRB980109 field was observed by the OGLE collaboration with the 1.3-m Warsaw telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile on Jan. 10.06, 10.18, 11.05, 12.05 and 16.05, 1998. Ten 900 sec I-band exposures were collected. The field size was 14.2 by 14.2 arcmins covering almost entire error box. None fading or variable stellar-like object was detected up to detection limit of I ~ 21 mag and variability threshold of 0.4 mag.
1998-01-18 09:48:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,variables
1998-01-18
09:48:00
427
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5
7
GRB 971214
S. R. Kulkarni, K. L. Adelberger, J. S. Bloom, T. Kundic, L. Lubin, (California Institute of Technology)
On December 28, 1997, Kundic and Lubin obtained spectra of the optical transient of GRB 971214 (IAUC # 6788 ) with the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS) mounted on the Keck II telescope. The seeing conditions were excellent. If the transient continued the power-law decay as indicated by the data from Halpern et al. (IAUC # 6788 ) then by this epoch the light at this position should be dominated by the host (cf. Kulkarni et al. GCN #27; ATEL #5). Analysis of these spectra show a slightly extended emission feature at 5384 A. Additionally, a broad absorption feature is seen at 5752 A. We cannot at this time make a definitive statement about the redshift of the host. If, the emission feature is identified as Lyman-alpha and the absorption feature as OI 1302 A then the redshift of the (presumed) host is z=3.43. However, there appears to be no obvious depression bluewards of this feature as is normally seen in high-redshift objects (caused by the Lyman forest). If, however, the emission feature is identified with the [OII] 3727 line then the redshift is z=0.44. A strong emission feature at a wavelength of 5602 A is also seen in the spectrum of the nearby galaxy G1 (GCN #12; GCN #13). Identifying this as the [OII] 3727 A feature as well as matching major absorption features yields a redshift of z=0.50. We are in the process of analyzing additional LRIS data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and also to understand the apparent discrepancy with similar data obtained on 17 Dec 1997 UT (GCN #12). We note that the earlier data were obtained under bright lunar conditions while the data reported herein was obtained during dark time. This message is citable.
1998-01-24 12:07:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,transient
1998-01-24
12:07:00
1,686
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6
8
Possible Radio Counterpart of MXB 1730-335
R. Rutledge (UCB), C. Moore (Kapteyn Inst.) D. Fox, W. Lewin (MIT), and J. van Paradijs (UA/UAH)
Contemporaneous observations with RXTE All-Sky Monitor (2-10 keV) and the VLA at 4.9 and 8.4 GHz reveal a transient radio point-source, the intensity of which is correlated with the X-ray flux of MXB 1730-335 (The Rapid Burster; RB). The dates of observations, ASM 1-day average countrates, and flux densities are: The probability of an unrelated background radio source producing similar on/off behavior to the X-ray Rapid Burster, assuming a uniform probability of a duty cycle, is 1.6%. The best X-ray position (Grindlay & Seaquist, 1986, ApJ, 310, 172) reported for the RB is 4.5 sigma away from this source; however the distribution of 40 X-ray source localizations which produced the X-ray error circle contained some outliers, and the Rapid Burster may be another (J. Grindlay, priv. comm). The radio spectrum during these observations is flat or slightly inverted (0.0-1.2, 90% confidence), and is consistent with a synchrotron bubble model. In this model, emission is expected to peak at higher frequencies, early in the outburst. We estimate the following peak radio flux densities: Alternatively, the radio flux may be correlated with the X-ray flux, with the inverted spectrum observed: The RB has outbursts separated by roughly 250 days (+/- 40 days). The next outburst is expected to occur in February-April 1998. We are organizing a radio campaign, to begin immediately upon the start of the next outburst. Observers interested in performing observations should contact R. Rutledge . In addition, the onset of the next outburst will be announced via the Instant Email Notices for transients, within a few hours of its beginning.
1998-01-28 03:03:00
radio,x-ray,binary,transient
1998-01-28
03:03:00
1,649
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-0.015101011842489243, -0.10692078620195389, 0.07513262331485748, 0.03280312567949295, -0.06089995056390762, 0.027368050068616867, -0.06366000324487686, -0.06719055026769638, -0.002510452875867486, -0.0997815653681755, 0.05411781743168831, -0.033194251358509064, 0.03181593120098114, -0.10321569442749023, 0.0023259511217474937, 0.04366893693804741, -0.01540627796202898, -0.09490351378917694, 0.009945492260158062, 0.023519303649663925, -0.0029232646338641644, -0.02728249877691269, -0.08208883553743362, 0.0030826060101389885 ]
7
9
Outburst of MXB 1730-335
D. Fox, R. Guerriero, W. Lewin (MIT), R. Rutledge (UCB), C. Moore (Kapteyn Inst.), M. van der Klis (UA), and J. van Paradijs (UA/UAH)
The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) has been detected by the All-Sky Monitor of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer in three consecutive 90-second dwells over the course of the last 28 hours (beginning 28 Jan 1998 22:20 UT). The source was detected at fitted count rates of 14, 11, and 15 cts/sec (per SSC), with uncertainties of ~2 cts/sec. During quiescence fitted count rates are generally < 6 cts/sec and consistent with zero (3 sigma). This indicates the beginning of a new X-ray outburst for this source. Discovery of a likely radio counterpart to the Rapid Burster (IAUC # 6813 ) makes timely radio observations, particularly at high frequencies, extremely valuable (see ATEL #8). Infrared observations with high time resolution (< 10 sec) are also sought (please contact the authors for possible coordination with RXTE observations). The timing of this outburst (217 days after the previous one) confirms suspicions of a Rapid Burster recurrence time of ~6 months; the three immediately preceding outbursts began on 13 April 1996, 29 October 1996, and 25 June 1997, respectively. The coordinates of the Rapid Burster's (probable) VLA counterpart are RA=17h33m24s.61; Dec=-33d23m19s.8 (J2000).
1998-01-30 11:39:00
radio,infra-red,x-ray,binary,transient
1998-01-30
11:39:00
1,195
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8
10
GRB as Vacuum Discharge of Schwinger Critical Field at Fireball Surface
R. Lieu, Y. Takahashi (U Ala, Huntsville), T. W.B. Kibble (Imperial College)
It has long been recognized[1] that when a static electric field exceeds a critical value E_c corresponding to an electron acceleration of a_c ~2.4 x 10^31 cm per sec per sec, it is unstable with respect to pair production. The `vacuum breakdown' causes a E=E_c field to dissipate its energy in a timescale of ~10^-16 seconds, resulting in a mixture of gamma rays and pair plasma at temperature ~0.5 MeV. This paper outlines a theory of GRB based on the Schwinger mechanism (SM). The first detection of optical afterglow[2] quickly led us to ascertain that GRB must be cosmological. Furthermore, the high redshift association[3,4] and the presence of deep and rapid modulations in the GRB flux[5] render it generally accepted that the intrinsic energy of a GRB is > 10^52 ergs and the size of the burst region (the `fireball', FB) is < 3 x 10^7 cm. The data pose difficulties: even for gamma rays the Thomson optical depth of the FB is >> 1, implying radiation cannot escape unless the latter has expanded sufficiently. By then, however, the source size will be incompatible with observations. We emphasize that a relativistic bulk outflow is not an inevitable fate of the FB. If the FB contains 1 M_solar worth of baryonic matter (as we shall assume here) the gravitational potential would be sufficient to bind a system of matter and radiation at kT < 10 MeV within the FB radius. We propose here an alternative model of GRB. We presume the energy injection at the FB is instantaneous. Since a quantum diffuses very slowly out of the FB, the energy density is simply total GRB energy : source volume. One then obtains U_GRB ~10^29 ergs per cc, or black body temperature of kT ~5 MeV. The dense FB ensures complete thermal equilibrium. This implies electrons and protons also have kT ~5 MeV, and system is bound. To implement SM, one notes that the radiation pressure exerted by an expanding FB on the ambient matter (or an `envelope') can cause a vacuum breakdown. The radiative electron acceleration is a = sigma_Th U_GRB/m_e ~7 x 10^31 cm s^-2 > a_c. Since proton acceleration is reduced by (m_e/m_p)^3, momentarily the electrons advance radially outwards. This means a field E > E_c must exist because the electrons move with a > a_c with respect to the protons. Such a field will discharge, and will convert the surface flow energy of the FB into thermal energy at kT < 0.5 MeV in an optically thin region just outside it. The discharge will propagate into the FB and `extract' the bulk of its energy into an avalanche of e+ e- pairs. The ensuing annihilation produces gamma rays which can escape to make a GRB. On the observed GRB duration ~1 - 10 s. A static electric field of strength E ~ E_c must have length > an electron Compton wavelength ~2.5 x 10^-10 cm before it can discharge. Thus the FB radiation must push out the ambient plasma selectively to produce a discharge layer of thickness ~2.5 x 10^-10 cm, the SM will then dissipate field in 10^-16 sec. The ratio of these two nos implies the discharge propagates into the FB at speed 2.5 x 10^6 cm per sec. Given the FB size it will be consumed within the observed timescale. This slow, inward moving discharge layer provides ample time for the gamma rays and pairs already created outside it by the SM to escape from the optically thick FB (none of the created quanta is gravitationally bound). The theory explains with simplicity the basic observed properties of a GRB, and may also be relevant to supernova explosions. References
1998-03-07 08:50:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,supernovae
1998-03-07
08:50:00
3,505
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9
11
Discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations in the new X-ray pulsar XTE J1858+034
B. Paul (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)
Discovery of quasi-periodic oscillations in the X-ray pulsar XTE J1858+034 This is the fifth X-ray pulsar after Cen X-3, EXO 2030+375, 4U 1626-67 and GRO J1744-28 in which QPOs have been detected. Assuming that the QPOs are produced as a result of some inhomogeneity at the magnetospheric boundary with the disk rotating at the Keplerian frequency (fK), the Keplerian frequency fK is derived to be 0.11 Hz . For a neutron star of mass 1.4 MSun, this indicates that the magnetosphere radius rM is 7.3 × 108 cm. From the X-ray luminosity of this pulsar for an assumed distance of rkpc, the magnetic field of this pulsar is estimated to be about ~1012 rkpc Gauss, where rkpc is the distance of the pulsar expressed in kiloparsec. The Keplerian frequency of the disk at the magnetospheric radius is ~ 0.2 Hz in three of these five pulsars in which QPOs are observed. These are Cen X-3, EXO 23030+375 and 4U 1626-67. In the bursting pulsar GRO J1744-28 the magnetic field strength is estimated to be much smaller which is consistent with a smaller magnetosphere with Keplerian frequency of the disk at magnetosphere being 40 Hz. This new pulsar with lowest fK appears to be the one having a largest magnetosphere.
1998-03-20 00:59:00
x-ray,binary,neutron star,pulsar,star,transient
1998-03-20
00:59:00
1,210
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10
12
BeppoSAX Alert -- GB980425
Editor
I received the following notice: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/9 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980425 The BeppoSAX GRBM was triggered at 21:49:11 UT of April 25 by a GRB (GB980425) The event was detected by one of the WFC (WFC2), with preliminary position: RA(2000)=293.65 Dec(2000)=-52.81 The error radius at this stage is 10', that includes systematic errors due to a not optimal attitude configuration. An update of the position will be released soon. A BeppoSAX follow up with the NFI is being planned Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-04-26 11:37:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-04-26
11:37:00
541
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11
13
BeppoSAX GRB ALERT: refined position of GB980425
Editor
Further to ATEL #12, I received the following: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/10 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980425: REFINED POSITION FROM WFC Refined position of GB980425 in BeppoSAX WFC are: RA(2000)=293.72 Dec(2000)=-52.83 with an error radius of 8', that includes systematic errors due to a not optimal attitude configuration. No further updates are foreseen for the WFC position. The results of the NFI follow up observation should be available in 1-2 days. Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-04-26 12:32:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-04-26
12:32:00
501
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12
14
BeppoSAX Alert: GB980425: Preliminary results from BeppoSAX NFI follow up
Editor
Further to ATEL #12, #13, I received the following: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/11 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980425: Preliminary results from BeppoSAX NFI follow up The BeppoSAX Wide Field Camera error box of GRB 980425 (IAUC # 6884 ) was observed with the BeppoSAX Narrow Field Instruments (NFI) starting about 10.0 hrs after the burst. Preliminary analysis of the first 27 hr shows a previously unknown x-ray source in the MECS and LECS at: R.A. = 19h35m04s Decl. = -52o48'34'' (equinox 2000.0)with an error radius of 1'. This position is 2'.0 from the centroid of the WFC position. The source did not significantly fade during the observation. The average flux (2-10 keV)was a few x 10E-13 c.g.s. Further BeppoSAX observations are already planned to monitor the behavior of the source and to establish its association with GRB980425. Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-04-29 00:50:00
x-ray,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-04-29
00:50:00
881
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13
15
GB980425: BeppoSAX NFI follow up UPDATE
Editor
Further to previous Telegrams (ATEL #12, #13, #14), I received the following: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/12 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980425: BeppoSAX NFI follow up UPDATE The first TOO pointing of GB980425 with the NFI was completed with a total duration of about 2 days. The unknown x-ray source quoted in the previous mail (98/11), reporting preliminary results of the first 27 hr, remains at about the same flux as before. A more detailed analysis shows another unknown X-ray source at R.A.: 19h 35m 21s Dec.: -52d 52' 19" (equinox 2000.0) with an error radius of 1'. This source is visible only during the first day of observation at a flux of about 10E-13 c.g.s. (2-10 keV). The upper limit in the second part of the observation implies a decay by about a factor of two or more. Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-04-30 02:42:00
x-ray,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-04-30
02:42:00
830
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14
16
Real Time Gravitational Microlensing in OGLE experiment
Andrzej Udalski, Michal Szymanski (Warsaw Univ. Observatory)
A. Udalski and M. Szymanski, on behalf of the OGLE collaboration: The Early Warning System (EWS) designed for detection of microlensing events in progress has been implemented for the second phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment - OGLE-2. Information about detected events in progress is available on WWW page and Anonymous FTP. Astronomers interested in e-mail notification, are requested to send an e-mail to ogle-ews@sirius.astrouw.edu.pl. Short notes will also be posted at The Astronomer's Telegram page. Each night about 25 million stars are monitored in the Galactic bulge with the 1.3-m Warsaw telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. Also large parts of the LMC and SMC are regularly observed. In the 1998 bulge season (Mar-Oct) 15 microlensing event candidates has already been detected. 5 of them are still in progress. The expected detection rate is about 50 microlensing events per observing season.
1998-05-07 21:06:00
optical,gravitational lensing,microlensing event,star
1998-05-07
21:06:00
934
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15
17
Discovery of 7-13 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations in the new X-ray transient XTE J1806-246
Rudy Wijnands & Michiel van der Klis (Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam)
We have discovered quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) with frequencies of 7-13 Hz (see the power density spectrum) in the recently discovered X-ray transient XTE J1806-246 (IAUC 6891 ) in data obtained on May 3 1998 21:03-22:31 UT with the proportional counter array (PCA) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. The total PCA count rate varied between approximately 7000 and 8000 counts/sec. The rms amplitude of the QPO in the 2-60 keV energy band varied between 2 and 6.5 % (rms) and the FWHM of the QPO peak varied between 2 and 9.5 Hz. Their is no clear correlation between X-ray count rate and the QPO parameters. In the X-ray color-color diagram a two-branched structure was traced out. The QPO parameters are well correlated with the position of the source on these branches. During earlier observations on 1998 April 27, 28 and 29 the count rates were between 5000 and 7000 counts/sec. The 7-13 Hz QPO was not detected during these observations. In the X-ray color-color diagram those observations are slightly displaced from the data obtained on May 3. The frequency of the QPOs and the behavior of the QPO parameters with respect to the position of the source on the two branches is similar to the behavior of the 5-7 Hz QPO usually found in the brightest low-mass X-ray binaries, the Z sources, which accrete matter from a companion star at close to the Eddington mass accretion rate. It is possible that XTE J1806-246 is similar to these systems. If so, then it would be the first discovery of a Z source in over more then twenty years. It would also be the first transient Z source known.
1998-05-08 09:06:00
x-ray,binary,star,transient
1998-05-08
09:06:00
1,603
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16
18
Possible high magnification microlensing event
Andrzej Udalski, Michal Szymanski (Warsaw Univ. Observatory)
The OGLE team informs about a microlensing event in progress - OGLE-1998-BUL-15 (18:07:20.83, -27:34:10.8, J2000) which is presently about 4 days before maximum and is rising rapidly (already more than 2 mag above the normal level). Preliminary fit to the light curve predicts possible maximum magnification as large as 10 mag and maximum on JD=2450945.2. Follow up observations, both photometric and spectroscopic, are strongly encouraged. Finding chart, coordinates and all other information can be found at WWW page and Anonymous FTP. See ATEL #16 for info on OGLE Early Warning System.
1998-05-08 16:35:00
optical,microlensing event
1998-05-08
16:35:00
590
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17
19
3rd Interplanetary Network Gamma-Ray Burst Website
Kevin Hurley (SSL)
We announce the opening of the 3rd Interplanetary Network web site at http://ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/index.html . This site presently has four parts: 1. A bibliography of over 3000 publications on gamma-ray bursts, 2. IPN data on all bursts triangulated up to February 1998, 3. A master list showing which spacecraft observed which bursts, 4. Preliminary IPN data on the latest bursts observed.
1998-05-12 05:49:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,a comment
1998-05-12
05:49:00
396
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18
20
GB980515
Editor
Two messages received, regarding a newly detected gamma-ray burst: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/13 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980515 A GRB (GB980515) was observed by the BeppoSAX GRBM at about 17:00:10 UT of May 15. The event was detected by one of the WFC (WFC2), with preliminary position: RA(2000)=319.25 Dec(2000)=-67.238 with an error radius of 5'. A BeppoSAX follow up with the NFI is being planned Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist Further to this message, the following was received by email on May 18 1998: The BeppoSAX-WFC position of GRB980515 has been revised using the Final Observing Tape. The revised burst position is: R.A. = 319.3527 (21h 17m 25s), Decl. = -67.2550 (-67o 15' 18") Eq. 2000.0 We give an error radius of 4 arcmin. This is somewhat larger than the usual 3 arcmin because of low statistics of the burst. This position lies at 3.8 arcmin from the latest distributed position, and 2.6 arcmin from the first distributed position. Best regards, Marco Feroci and Jean in 't Zand on behalf of the BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-05-19 06:39:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-05-19
06:39:00
1,062
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19
21
GB980519
Editor
The following two messages were received by email: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/15 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980519 GB980519 (BATSE trigger n.6764) has been detected by the GRBM of BeppoSAX and by the WFC at about 12:20:00 UT of May 19. A preliminary position by the WFC is RA(2000)=350.54 Dec(2000)=77.293 with an error radius of 5'. A BeppoSAX follow up with the NFI is being planned. Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/16 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980519 Refined position from the WFC are: RA(2000)=350.561 Dec(2000)=+77.255 with an error radius of 3'. This is 2' from the preliminary position. Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-05-20 02:11:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-05-20
02:11:00
678
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22
BeppoSAX Alert: GB980515
Editor
Further to ATEL #20, The following email was received: BeppoSAX GRB MAIL N. 98/17 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GB980515: follow up with NFI A previously unknown faint X-ray source has been found by MECS during the follow up observation starting about 10 hrs after the GRB. Position is: R.A.(2000)= 21h16m49s.5 Dec.(2000)= -67o11'48".6 with an error radius of 1'.5 Luigi Piro BeppoSAX Mission Scientist
1998-05-20 13:20:00
x-ray,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst
1998-05-20
13:20:00
406
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21
23
SGR1900+14
K. Hurley, Space Sciences Laboratory, on behalf of the Ulysses Gamma-Ray Burst Team; C. Kouveliotou, Universities Space Research Association, on behalf of the Gamma-Ray Observatory BATSE team; and E. Mazets and T. Cline, on behalf of the KONUS-WIND team
This soft gamma repeater has entered an extraordinary new phase of activity with a previously unobserved frequency and intensity of bursts. Activity began on May 26 and has continued at least through May 30. Triangulation with Ulysses and BATSE gives a preliminary annulus whose center is at (equinox 2000.0) R.A. = 21h58m18s, Decl.=-11o18'.4, and whose radius is 47.269 +/- 0.019 deg. This annulus includes the network synthesis error box (Hurley et al. ApJ 431, L31, 1994), the ROSAT source proposed as a possible quiescent X-ray counterpart to the soft repeater (Hurley et al. ApJ 463, L13, 1996), and the peculiar double M star system coincident with the ROSAT source (Vrba et al. ApJ 468, 225, 1996). As all these locations are mutually consistent, we conclude that the ROSAT source and M star system are indeed the counterparts to the soft gamma repeater, and urge that observations at other wavelengths be undertaken immediately, while the source remains active. An image may be found at http://ssl.berkeley.edu/ipn3/sgr1900+14/
1998-06-03 09:17:00
x-ray,gamma ray,soft gamma-ray repeater,star
1998-06-03
09:17:00
1,035
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22
24
SGR1900+14
C. Kouveliotou, Universities Space Research Association, P. Woods, M. Kippen, M. S. Briggs, University of Alabama in Huntsville, K. Hurley, Space Sciences Laboratory
On May 30th, BATSE triggered on an extremely intense outburst from this source that comprised at least 38 bursts of varying intensity and duration; the series of bursts started at 32624 s UT, and lasted for about 350s. The peak flux of each of the three major bursts in the series is 1.1x10e-4 ergs/cm^2 s (between 25-300 keV, integrated for 128 ms). Assuming a distance of about 12 kpc for SGR 1900+14 (F. Vrba et al., ApJ 468, 225 1996), this corresponds to a luminosity of about 2x10e42 ergs/s for each burst. This bunching of emission is very similar to the behaviour of SGR 1806-20, as detected with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer in 1996 (C. Kouveliotou, et al, IAUC # 6503 ). Overall, between May 26 and June 1st, we have detected over 50 bursts from SGR 1900+14. The frequency and intensity of emissions are unlike any previously seen behaviour from this source. We strongly encourage follow up observations in infra-red and radio wavelengths, while the source is still active.
1998-06-03 09:21:00
radio,infra-red,x-ray,gamma ray,soft gamma-ray repeater
1998-06-03
09:21:00
986
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23
25
New RXTE/ASM Transient XTE J1748-288
D. A. Smith, A. Levine, and A. Wood (M. I.T.) report for the RXTE ASM team at M. I.T. and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
The RXTE All-Sky Monitor has detected a transient X-ray source at the following position (equinox J2000): R.A=17h48m8s, Decl.= -28o28.8' (error radius = 5' to better than 90% confidence). The source was observed in each of two detector systems in two contiguous 90 s exposures at 1998 June 4.69, and again in two more observations 1.8 h later. The spectrum is hard, with typical fluxes of 90, 300, and 470 mCrab in the bands 1.5-3, 3-5, 5-12 keV, respectively.
1998-06-05 05:26:00
x-ray,transient
1998-06-05
05:26:00
460
[ -0.02214628830552101, -0.0291371401399374, 0.03874041140079498, 0.08676224201917648, 0.10416694730520248, -0.054732222110033035, 0.03711175546050072, 0.11241938918828964, -0.02771141193807125, -0.036976080387830734, -0.01685398630797863, -0.013595890253782272, 0.11346253752708435, 0.026606662198901176, -0.0418364591896534, -0.014014845713973045, 0.021874411031603813, -0.10193274915218353, 0.024305230006575584, 0.03755820170044899, -0.009736510924994946, 0.07948403060436249, -0.05248251184821129, 0.02875453233718872, 0.0336199551820755, 0.003791773458942771, -0.002072693081572652, -0.11823319643735886, 0.027814200147986412, -0.05310859903693199, 0.018630631268024445, 0.10721268504858017, -0.04124778136610985, 0.029419900849461555, -0.0012254019966349006, 0.029534311965107918, 0.03239624947309494, -0.023908166214823723, -0.006798071786761284, -0.04436223953962326, 0.0063972692005336285, -0.03644600138068199, -0.0028025635983794928, 0.0037391837686300278, -0.04509671777486801, 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24
26
IR Observations of SGR 1900+14
B. R. Oppenheimer, J. S. Bloom, S. S. Eikenberry, and K. Matthews (Caltech)
We have obtained narrowband 2.2 micron images of the proposed infrared counterpart to SGR 1900+14 (Vrba et al. 1996, Ap.J. 468, 225) at June 3.486 UT, 4.1 days after the recent bursting activity reported by Hurley et al. and Kouveliotou et al. (ATEL #23, #24; IAUC # 6929 ). Differential photometry of stars "A" and "B" (the double M -stars) and star "C" of Vrba et al. show A-B=0.4 +-0.1 mag and A-C=4.5+-0.2 mag, consistent with the measurements of Vrba et al. Over the course of 10 minutes (ten separate frames) no variability was detected in the double M-stars to a limit of 0.1 mag.
1998-06-05 08:43:00
infra-red,gamma ray,soft gamma-ray repeater,star
1998-06-05
08:43:00
587
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25
27
Possibly high amplification microlensing event
Michal Szymanski, Andrzej Udalski (Warsaw Univ. Observatory)
The OGLE team informs about a microlensing event in progress - OGLE-1998-BUL-18 (17:54:21.79, -29:53:24.0, J2000) which is presently about 2 days before maximum. It is relatively bright star (I0=15.5), rising rapidly. Preliminary microlensing fit to the light curve predicts large maximum magnification to be reached on JD=2450971.831 (1998-06-07.33 UT) Follow-up observations, both photometric and spectroscopic, are strongly encouraged. Finding chart, coordinates and all other information can be found at WWW page and Anonymous FTP. See ATEL #16 for info on OGLE Early Warning System.
1998-06-05 20:24:00
optical,microlensing event,star
1998-06-05
20:24:00
588
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-0.027411021292209625, 0.052722856402397156, 0.05404563248157501, -4.9778680732970315e-8, 0.08597243577241898, 0.05849025398492813, -0.020900467410683632, 0.030636319890618324, 0.059687159955501556, -0.06555231660604477, 0.03636445477604866, 0.021029755473136902, -0.028174521401524544, -0.0030172148253768682, 0.018725469708442688, -0.019342860206961632, -0.030419593676924706, -0.04551487788558006, 0.06927388161420822, -0.031900011003017426, -0.0163483377546072, -0.07598580420017242, -0.06558536738157272, 0.023671627044677734, -0.03852513059973717, 0.0013907585525885224, 0.023060059174895287, -0.03412817046046257, 0.022371424362063408, 0.05957172438502312, -0.004748447798192501, 0.10952203720808029, 0.018719196319580078, -0.07377282530069351, 0.005194507539272308, 0.04531744495034218, -0.02743610367178917, 0.017673661932349205, -0.06081460416316986, 0.06550361961126328, -0.04933169111609459, 0.0696665346622467, 0.032978445291519165, 0.10110928118228912, -0.05216500163078308, -0.06517346203327179, 0.04138043895363808, 0.0007654986111447215, -0.07807248085737228, -0.012664698995649815, -0.01778574474155903, -0.05914939194917679, -0.031319502741098404, 0.07295022904872894, -0.027267828583717346, 0.016188444569706917, -0.035002049058675766, 0.06375952810049057, -0.053304173052310944, 0.0074939182959496975, 0.029937617480754852, 0.018348880112171173, -0.0408153310418129, 0.025714099407196045, 0.0675935298204422, -0.08117199689149857, -0.0575108602643013, 0.05553682893514633 ]
26
28
Microlensing Event Caustic Crossing
MACHO/GMAN Collaboration
The MACHO/GMAN Collaboration (cf. IAUC 6845 ) plus affiliate S.Rhie report that further observations of microlensing event MACHO-98-SMC-1 (R.A. = 0h45m35s.2, Decl. = -72o52'34" J2000) confirm the binary lens interpretation and yield a prediction for the time of the 2nd caustic crossing: June 19.2 +/- 1.5 UT. The confirming observations were obtained with the MSO 1.3m MACHO survey telescope and the CTIO 0.9-m telescope. Photometric measurements during the caustic crossing are URGENTLY REQUESTED because the timescale of the caustic crossing will indicate whether this binary lens resides in the SMC itself or in the Milky Way's dark halo. This star is expected to reach R ~18 at the peak of a ~12-24 hour caustic crossing if the lens is in the SMC or R < 17 at the peak of a ~1 hour caustic crossing for a Galactic halo lens. Potential observers are urged to contact macho@astro.washington.edu, A. Becker at telephone 206-543-9205 and/or D. Bennett at telephone 219-631-8298 to coordinate observations.
1998-06-16 18:13:00
optical,binary,microlensing event,star
1998-06-16
18:13:00
1,006
[ -0.07306069135665894, -0.04358486458659172, 0.005092214792966843, 0.052392132580280304, 0.04467017948627472, -0.071992427110672, -0.025720233097672462, 0.07895222306251526, -0.022928183898329735, 0.007092949002981186, 0.0197062399238348, -0.138790100812912, -0.04603937640786171, -0.02514922060072422, -0.026421815156936646, -0.05473862960934639, 0.03192005679011345, -0.10136325657367706, -0.002162348246201873, 0.07218778133392334, 0.040231168270111084, -0.04190798103809357, -0.06363314390182495, 0.018538352102041245, 0.05208375304937363, -0.019301073625683784, -0.03435204550623894, -0.06227409094572067, -0.07025657594203949, -0.016486607491970062, 0.00019111871370114386, 0.07537972182035446, -0.028252962976694107, 0.05919875204563141, 0.09575702250003815, -0.039434511214494705, 0.06519612669944763, -0.046832021325826645, 0.024667955935001373, -0.09081123024225235, -0.00932986754924059, -0.008180360309779644, 0.07334873825311661, -0.015028479509055614, 0.026798313483595848, 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27
29
BATSE Discovery of Previously Unknown Soft Gamma-ray Repeater SGR1627-41
C. Kouveliotou, Universities Space Research Association, M. Kippen, P. Woods, G. Richardson, University of Alabama in Huntsville, V. Connaughton, National Research Council, report on behalf of the BATSE team at NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center
BATSE has detected repeated soft gamma-ray bursts consistent with the same (previously unknown) location. We recorded three bursts on June 15.109, 15.296, 15.411 UT (BATSE triggers 6825, 6826, 6827, respectively) with an average duration of ~ 200 milliseconds. Preliminary spectral analysis of the data indicates that the events are very soft, with power law spectral indices varying between -3.0 and -7.0. BATSE triggered 5 more times, on June 17.873, 17.901, 18.004, 18.035, and 18.071 UT (BATSE trigger numbers 6833, 6834, 6835, 6836 and 6837, respectively). The last trigger had a peak count rate of over 300000 counts/sec above background (integrated over 4 detectors between 20-1000 keV, in 1 second interval) and a duration of ~ 3 seconds. Due to its very high peak intensity, deadtime effects prevent us from using it for localization, until we receive more data types. The weighted location of the 7 remaining triggers is centered on R.A. = 16h27m12.0s and dec = -41d06.0' with an error radius of about 2 degrees. This location does not correspond to any previously known SGR source; we conclude that we have discovered a new source, SGR1627-41. We have initiated an RXTE ToO and we strongly encourage wide field observations at other wavelengths.
1998-06-19 00:34:00
gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,soft gamma-ray repeater
1998-06-19
00:34:00
1,256
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28
30
RXTE/ASM observations of new SGR 1627-41
D. A. Smith & A. M. Levine (MIT)
Although the ASM did not observe any of the BATSE-detected events from SGR 1627-41, during the interval from Jun 15 to Jun 19, three short (<~1 s) burst events were detected in SSC 3 at May 17.943917, 17.954243, and 18.010803 (UTC). During the first event, the original BATSE location (ATEL #29) was outside the FOV of the ASM. The full width of the FOV of SSC 3 during the first event restricts the range of declination values along the IPN annulus (GCN #115) between -44.4 and -56.4 degrees. This is fully consistent with the revised BATSE position reported in GCN #113. Due to low signal-to-noise, our standard cross-correlation technique was unable to isolate these events in our position data, but given the IPN annulus, we were able to search along it for a best-fit location. We find a minimum reduced chi-squared at R.A. = 16h35m50s, Decl.= -47o32' for event 1 and R.A. = 16h35m50s, Decl.= -47o39' for event 2 (1-sigma error of 4' in Decl. in both cases). Both positions are consistent with the location of the SNR (g337.0-0.1) mentioned in GCN #113. If we assume these bursts are coming from SNR G337.0-0.1, we can use its location to measure the burst fluxes: Event Fluence Peak Flux (2-12 keV) (10^{-7} erg/cm^2) (10^{-7} erg/cm^2/s) 1.5-3 3-5 5-12 kev (1-s averages) 1 <0.6 <0.4 2.1 (+- 0.3) 1.1 2 <0.8 <0.4 2.9 (+- 0.5) 2.8 Upper limits are 2-sigma. We do not yet have pointing information for the observation of the third burst.
1998-06-20 03:16:00
x-ray,gamma ray,soft gamma-ray repeater,supernova remnant,supernovae
1998-06-20
03:16:00
1,442
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-0.07918716967105865, 0.02094501443207264, -0.049797557294368744, 0.037705205380916595, -0.06092393398284912, 0.01660861261188984, 0.02075132168829441, -0.019506286829710007, -0.05206762254238129, -0.0799289420247078, -0.07132939249277115, 0.000262619141722098, -0.039916977286338806, -0.020508771762251854, -0.06837084144353867, -0.014729615300893784, -0.07529804110527039, -0.063186876475811, -0.007002064026892185, 0.005499991122633219, 0.02673419378697872, -0.1235460713505745, -0.1657845377922058, -0.010574407875537872 ]
29
31
GRB 980425/980712 repeater nature: GRBs as precessing Gamma Jets
Daniele Fargion
We notice that the two very recent GRBs on July 12 (by GCN Trigger n.6917 at UT 06:04:00:73 and , fifteen hours later , n.6918 at UT 21:06:07:13), are placed at coordinates (RA 292.6,Dec -47.6; RA 300.5,Dec -52) whose corresponding error boxes (3.4-18.2 deg) almost contains and /or overlaps the previous GRB980425 center associated to SN1998bw (at RA 291, Dec -52) IAUC # 6884 , # 6895 . The probability that these two last GRBs events on July would occur by chance in that sky region , since SN1998bw event, is below 10^{-3}. The consequent probable repeater nature of GRB980425 in nearby host galaxy ESO184-G82 probes the Gamma Jet precessing nature either for GRBs (as well as their link to SGRs) contrary to any candle isotropic GRB model (either fireball/ hypernovae or magnetar). The relativistic kinematics for the Gamma Jets (do to Inverse Compton Scattering) imply that only the inner core of gamma jets contains hard and intense gamma photons while external regions of the beam are softer and weaker. Only nearest sources ( most intense ones ) may be (also) observed (as repeaters) in their wider beam periphery because of higher probability rate, due to wider cone cross section. Far away cosmic GRBs are observed rarely at their peak intensity near their SN birth and at their maximal power, while blazing to us within their inner and harder core beam . Jet power decay make far cosmic GRBs no longer (easely) observable as repeaters. The geometrical variability of such multi precessing gamma jet (arc minute size for corresponding Lorentz factor>10^{3}) explains the statistics, the energetics and the puzzling morphology of GRBs and SGRs data either at near and far Universe regions. References: D.Fargion Preprint INFN 1215 on 13/07/98; D.Fargion,A.Salis " The time evolution of GRB spectra by a precessing lighthouse Gamma Jet", 749, GRB 3rdHuntsville Symposium 1996; #Astro-ph 9605166/9605167/9605168. Daniele Fargion
1998-07-15 21:49:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,magnetar,soft gamma-ray repeater,supernova remnant,supernovae
1998-07-15
21:49:00
1,936
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30
32
Outburst of MXB 1730-335
D. Fox, D. Smith, W. Lewin (MIT), and R. Rutledge (Caltech), on behalf of a large collaboration
The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) has been detected by the All-Sky Monitor (2-12 keV) of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite (RXTE) in two consecutive 90-second dwells beginning at 18 August 1998 08:40 UT. The source was detected at fitted count rates of 45 and 15 cts/sec (per SSC), respectively, with uncertainties of ~3 cts/sec for each. Examination of the multiple time series data for these dwells indicates that the dramatic difference in count rates is likely due to a strong flare event (probably a type II burst) that began 10 seconds after the start of the first dwell, and was decaying away by the start of the second. Subsequent observation with the RXTE Proportional Counter Array (2-60 keV) on 19 August, beginning at 05:00 UT, found the source in a state of dramatic variability. 100-200 second long plateau-like type II bursts of ~13,000 cts/sec (~1 Crab) peak count rate were superposed on ~1000 cts/sec persistent emission. The second type II burst observed showed strong (10-15% rms) 2-3 Hz QPO on its plateau; the persistent emission also exhibited strong QPO -- in the ~0.04 Hz (following a burst), 2-4 Hz (between bursts) and ~0.4 Hz (preceding the bursts) frequency ranges -- and showed pronounced ``dips'' prior to and following the bursts. The observation of type II bursts at this early stage of the outburst is contrary to the expectations of Guerriero et al. (1998); however, we note that these authors did not have access to any observations that occurred within a day of the outburst start. It is thus possible that this is how every outburst of the source begins. It is also possible, however, that we are witnessing a new type of Rapid Burster outburst that has not been seen with RXTE before. If the subsequent evolution of the outburst occurs as Guerriero et al. (1998) describe, then regular, rapid type II bursting will commence on or about 8 September, and last for roughly 12 days. High time resolution (<10 sec) infrared observations of the source during this time are eagerly sought; the IR counterparts to the type II X-ray bursts are expected to reach K~16.5 or brighter. Please contact the authors to arrange possible coordination with RXTE observations. (See also the Rapid Burster Page.) The onset of this outburst occurred 201 days after the onset of the previous outburst, consistent with an average 216+/-16 day recurrence time for all outbursts since the launch of RXTE. The four preceding Rapid Burster outbursts began on 13 April 1996, 29 October 1996, 25 June 1997, and 28 January 1998, respectively. The coordinates of the Rapid Burster's (likely) VLA counterpart (IAUC # 6813 ; ATEL #8) are RA=17h33m24s.61; Dec=-33d23m19s.8 (J2000).
1998-08-20 12:55:00
radio,infra-red,x-ray,binary,transient
1998-08-20
12:55:00
2,697
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31
33
HST Observations of the Host Galaxy of GRB970508
A. Fruchter (STScI) and E. Pian (ITESRE) on behalf of a large international collaboration
The field of GRB970508 was imaged by HST with the STIS CCD in open filter mode (50CCD) on 1998 August 5.78-6.03 for a total exposure time of 11,568 seconds. An extended object, which we believe to be the host galaxy of GRB970508, was detected at the astrometric position of the optical transient of GRB970508. The galaxy has high signal-to-noise in our data and is clearly resolved, with a major axis of approximately 0."5 . Including an uncertain contribution from the optical transient, the galaxy has a magnitude of V= 25.25 +/- 0.20, where the primary source of uncertainty is due to the wide bandpass (and thus poor color resolution) of the detector. This agrees reasonably well with previous photometric estimates (Bloom et al. 1998, Zharikov et al. 1998). The image of the galaxy is well described by an exponential disk with a scale length of approximately 0."07, and an ellipticity of 0.3. However, the FWHM of the PSF is comparable in size to the observed scale length; thus an accurate measurement of the surface brightness profile of the galaxy will require modelling and/or deconvolution. We have obtained an astrometric solution with an r.m.s. uncertainty of approximatgely 0."01 which maps the previous STIS image (Fruchter et al. 1997, Pian et al 1998) onto the new data. The position of the OT in the June 1997 STIS image, and the center of the galaxy on the August 1998 image, agree to within the astrometric error. Bloom, J.S., Djorgovski, S.G., Kulkarni, S.R. and Frail, D.A., 1998, Ap. J. (Lett.), submitted, astro-ph/9807315. Fruchter, A., Bergeron, E., and Pian, E., 1997, IAUC 6674 . Pian, E., et al., 1998, Ap. J. (Lett.), 492, L103. Zharikov, S.V., Sokolov, V.V. and Baryshev, Yu.V., 1998, GCN 31.
1998-08-21 03:49:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,transient
1998-08-21
03:49:00
1,726
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32
34
A Possible Optical Counterpart to XTE J1550--564
Jerome Orosz (Penn State), Charles Bailyn, Raj Jain (Yale)
We report YALO consortium observations using the Yale 1m telescope at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory and the ANDICAM CCD camera. We have identified a possible optical counterpart to the recent X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 (IAUC 7008 ) in V-band images obtained September 8.99 UT. The J2000 coordinates of the candidate are R.A. = 15h51m04s, Decl. = -56o28'37.5", with errors on each value of about +/- 3 arcseconds. This object is not visible on an image obtained from the Digitized Sky Survey. We estimate a V magnitude of V=16 based on comparions with nearby stars selected from the Hubble Guide Star Catalog. Further observations, especially spectroscopic confirmation, are urgently needed. A finding chart may be obtained via the World Wide Web at http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/orosz/xte.html.
1998-09-10 10:33:00
optical,x-ray,star,transient
1998-09-10
10:33:00
807
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33
35
Corrected Coordinates for the Possible OC to XTE J1550-56
Jerome Orosz (Penn State), Charles Bailyn, Raj Jain (Yale)
There was a slight error in the coordinates of the possible optical counterpart to XTE J1550-56 we reported in our previous telegram. The correct J2000 coordinates are RA = 15:50:58.78, DEC = -56:28:35.0. The coordinates printed on the finding chart available at http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/orosz/xte.html has been corrected (the arrow points to the correct object in any case). We regret this error.
1998-09-11 03:36:00
optical,transient,a comment
1998-09-11
03:36:00
403
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34
36
XTE J1946+274 Transient 15.8-s Pulsar (= 3A 1942+274 ?)
D. A. Smith (MIT) & T. Takeshima (NASA/GSFC)
This is an advance copy of an announcement submitted to the IAU Circulars. D. A. Smith (MIT) and T. Takeshima (NASA/GSFC) on behalf of the RXTE/ASM and PCA teams at MIT and GSFC report: The ASM has detected emission from a celestial location that overlaps the previous localization of the 1976 Ariel V transient 3A 1942+274 (MNRAS 197, 865; at bII=+1.7o). The corners of the ASM 6' x 26' error region are at (19h47m06s, +27o16'), (19h46m12s, +27o25'), (19h45m30s, +27o25'), (19h46m10s, +27o18') (J2000, 90% confidence, total error). The source first came to our attention at ~90 mCrab (2-12 keV) on Sept. 15.91 (UT), with a very hard spectrum. A retroactive search reveals that the one-day average intensity from this location has been rising from 13 mCrab on Sept 5 to 60 mCrab on Sept 15. The PCA observed this location on Sept. 16.02 and recorded an intensity of ~110 mCrab (2-60 keV) with a very strong 15.83 s (+/- 0.02) pulsation. The pulse profile is double-peaked, with a pulse fraction of about 29%. There is, to our knowledge, no previous report of pulsations from 3A 1942+274. If this is a reoccurrence of the Ariel source, the 8' x 52' Ariel position restricts the location to the westernmost 5' of the ASM region. Further PCA observations are in progress. Observations at other wavelengths are encouraged.
1998-09-16 11:38:00
x-ray,binary,pulsar,transient
1998-09-16
11:38:00
1,318
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35
37
Transient Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564 Brightens to 6.8 Crab
R. Rutledge (Caltech), D. Fox, and D. A. Smith (MIT)
The black hole candidate (BHC) X-ray transient XTE J1550-564 (IAUC # 7008 ) continues to brighten in X-rays, according to RXTE All-Sky Monitor (ASM; 2-12 keV) observations, and at the time of this posting has reached 6.8 Crab (513 +/- 10 cts/sec) in its brightest 90-second ASM dwell. A total of 113 ASM dwells on the source between 7.0 Sep and 13.0 Sep 1998 (UT) show the X-ray intensity increased at an average rate of 0.23 +/-0.002 Crab/day (1 Crab=75.5 ASM c/s), up to 1.45+/-0.14 Crab, with little (<5%) variability about this linear rise. Between 13.0 and 18.8 Sep, the X-ray intensity increased at the (slower) average rate of 0.15 +/- 0.01 Crab/day, with considerable variability about this trend (approximately 10-30%, increasing with time). Between Sep 18.4-18.8, 20 ASM dwells showed a variable intensity between 170-240 ASM c/s (about 2.3-3.2 Crab), far in excess of the 2-4 ASM c/s uncertainty on each measurement. After a 24-hr period with no ASM coverage, realtime analysis of 3 90-sec ASM observations between Sep 19.758-19.759 found the object with countrates of 472, 476, and 513 (all +/- 10) ASM c/s, corresponding to an average flux of 6.5+/-0.1 Crab. X-ray colors, determined from the ASM data, show that the source spectrum softened significantly over the first five days of the outburst, from relative (1.5-3 keV):(3-5 keV):(5-12 keV) count rates of 10:12.3(1.5):17.2(2.0) at the start of the outburst to 10:9.0(0.2):7.9(0.2) by 13 Sep. Since then, the X-ray colors have remained roughly constant, hardening again only within the last day (coincident with the jump in X-ray intensity) to 10:11.4(0.1):11.4(0.2). The source is currently the brightest BHC yet observed by RXTE. As such, observations at all wavelengths in continuation of the reported optical (ATEL #34, #35; IAUC # 7009 , # 7013 ) and radio (IAUC # 7010 ) observations are encouraged. We are grateful to the RXTE/ASM team for access to their quicklook data and associated software products.
1998-09-20 06:10:00
radio,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,variables
1998-09-20
06:10:00
1,983
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36
38
Optical Observations of GRB981226
Przemyslaw R. Wozniak (Princeton University Observatory)
Przemyslaw R. Wozniak reports for OGLE team: An attempt to observe optical transient of GRB981226 was made in BeppoSAX 6' radius region reported by Di Ciolo et al. (IAUCirc 7074). On three nights following the announcement, Dec 27-29, approximately between 1:15 and 2:30 UT I collected 10 and 15-minute frames in I band, with the 1.3 m Warsaw University Observatory Telescope on Las Campanas. This amounted to 70,70,80 minutes of integration each night at 1.4, 1.3 and 1.2" seeing respectively. On the first night a faint object at R.A. = 23h29m27s.3, Decl. = -23d56'54" (J2000) with approximate magnitude I = 20.3 showed some evidence for decline of the flux. Two following nights did not confirm variability. It is most likely a faint galaxy close to detection limit on single exposures. I also looked at object reported by Castro-Tirado et al. (GCN#173) at R.A. = 23 29 35.0, Dec = -23 55 42 (J2000). On averages of frames from each night I can barely discern the object at estimated I = 21.4, close to detection limit, however I don't see evidence for variability in my data.
1998-12-29 13:05:00
optical,gamma ray,gamma-ray burst,transient
1998-12-29
13:05:00
1,079
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37
39
Possible microlensing in the Galactic Disk
Andrzej Udalski, Michal Szymanski (Warsaw Univ. Observatory)
A. Udalski and M. Szymanski on behalf of the OGLE microlensing search team report: The OGLE Early Warning System triggered a microlensing candidate located in the Galactic disk field in Carina. The I=18.0 mag (V=19.6) star designated CAR_SC2 24589 (RA2000=11:07:26.72, DEC2000=-61:22:30.6, l=290.8,b=-1.0) is currently brightening with the light curve consistent with microlensing rise of brightness. The star was at constant brightness level for two observing seasons 1997-98. The rise of brightness is achromatic with V-I color constant within +/-0.02~mag. The star is a regular main sequence star similar to the vast majority of the field stars. Current parameters of the microlensing fit predict long scale duration event with time scale of about 100 days, maximum on May 3, 1999 and large amplitude. We encourage follow-up observations, in particular spectroscopic ones, to confirm or exclude microlensing nature of the brightness rise. If confirmed as microlensing, Galactic disk would be the fourth location where microlensing was detected after the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Galactic bulge. Finding chart, coordinates and all other information on this event can be found at the OGLE EWS WWW page and Anonymous FTP. See ATEL #16 for info on OGLE Early Warning System.
1999-02-24 18:02:00
optical,microlensing event,star
1999-02-24
18:02:00
1,295
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0.005166563671082258, 0.015876924619078636, -0.011568241752684116, -0.09738323837518692, 0.008018163964152336, -0.018248386681079865, -0.07643959671258926, -0.03724388778209686, 0.045326072722673416, -0.03834054619073868, 0.030500292778015137, -0.10120227932929993, 0.047127168625593185, -0.08504579216241837, -0.03474060818552971, -0.02056562900543213, 0.08548755943775177, -0.024867340922355652, -0.025362353771924973, 0.10055390000343323, -0.07906294614076614, -0.06786809116601944, 0.024552930146455765 ]
38
40
Outburst from 4U 0115+63 in progress
Wilson, R. B. & B. A. Harmon, NASA/MSFC; M. H. Finger, USRA
An outburst is currently being detected from the Be/x-ray pulsar 4U 0115+63. Pulsations from the source were first detected on Feb 22, 1999, at a frequency of 0.27666170(75) Hz, assuming the binary orbit ephemeris in Bildsten, et al.,1997, Ap J. Suppl. 113,367. The RMS average pulsed flux in the 20-50 keV energy range on Feb 22 and Feb 23 were (0.132 +/- 0.030) keV cmE-2 sE-1 and (0.177 +/- 0.024) keV cmE-2 sE-1, respectively. The source is detected by Earth occultation after Feb 18, reaching an average intensity between Feb 20 and Feb 23 of (0.31 +/-0.08) keV cmE-2 sE-1 in the 20-50 keV band. The RMS average pulsed flux rose to (0.466 +/-0.026) keV cmE-2 sE-1 on Feb 27.
1999-03-02 05:59:00
x-ray,gamma ray,binary,pulsar,transient
1999-03-02
05:59:00
679
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39
41
Optical Outburst of Aql X-1
R. Jain, C. Bailyn (Yale), M. Garcia and K. Rines (CfA), A. Levine (MIT), J. Espinoza and D. Gonzalez (CTIO)
R. Jain and C. Bailyn (Yale); M. Garcia and K. Rines(CfA); A. Levine (MIT); J. Espinoza and D. Gonzalez (CTIO) report YALO consortium observations using the Yale 1-m telescope at CTIO and observations with the 48" telescope at the Whipple Observatory: Aql X-1 = V1333 Aql appears to be beginning a new outburst. This x-ray binary outbursts approximately once per year, and based on its recent outbursts was due to erupt. We have monitored the optical counterpart of the soft X-ray transient Aquila X-1 since early March in Johnson R using the YALO 1-m telescope. Compared to the average quiescent level, which has a fluctuation of less than 0.1 magnitudes, the source had brightened in R by approximately 0.2 magnitudes on MJD 51306.4 (May 08.3 UT). During the night of May 10.2 -- 10.38 UT, we obtained 5 data points spanning nine hours and found that the brightness increased from 0.4 to 0.55 magnitudes brighter than the quiescent average. V-band data from the 48" telescope at the Whipple Observatory show similar increases. We find that by MJD 51307.5 (May 09.5 UT) the source had brightened by approximately 0.4 magnitudes in V, compared to the average quiescent level. Subsequently we obtained 3 YALO V images on May 10.2 -- 10.38 UT andfound an increase in brightness of approximately 0.45 to 0.6 magnitudes, again compared to the quiescent average. We will continue monitoring this source both in the optical and in the X-ray using RXTE. Observations at all wavelengths are encouraged.
1999-05-11 05:51:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient
1999-05-11
05:51:00
1,494
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40
42
New pulsar 1SAX J1452.8-5949
M. Orlandini, TeSRE/CNR Bologna; T. Oosterbroek and A. N Parmar, SSD/ESA ESTEC; L. Angelini, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, on behalf of the BeppoSAX Galactic Plane Survey Group
M. Orlandini, TeSRE/CNR Bologna; T. Oosterbroek and A.N Parmar, SSD/ESA ESTEC; L. Angelini, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, on behalf of the BeppoSAX Galactic Plane Survey Group report the discovery of a 437.4 +/- 1.4 s X-ray pulsar located at R.A. = 14h52m49s, Decl. = -59o49'03" (equinox 2000.0; uncertainty radius 50"). A Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis shows that the pulsation is significant at 99% confidence. The pulse profile is single peaked, 90% modulated, with no obvious energy dependence. During the 20 ks observation, performed on July 20.5, the source did not show any substantial spectral variability. The 2-10 keV MECS spectrum is fit by an absorbed power-law of photon index 1.7 +/- 0.5. The photoelectric absorption is compatible with the galactic value in the source direction. A 6.5 +/- 0.2 keV emission line is also present (EW 1.1 keV). The un-absorbed 2-10 keV flux is 9 x 10E-13 erg sE-1 cmE-2. The 2sigma upper limit in the PDS 15-30 keV band is 0.9 mCrab.
1999-08-26 15:21:00
x-ray,pulsar,transient
1999-08-26
15:21:00
986
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41
43
SAX J1819.3-2525 (GM Sgr) Brightens to 12 Crab
D. A. Smith, A. M. Levine, and E. H. Morgan (MIT)
SAX J1819.3-2525 (GM Sgr) D. A. Smith, A. M. Levine and E. H. Morgan (MIT) report on behalf of the RXTE All-Sky Monitor (ASM) team at MIT and NASA/GSFC: On 1999 Sep. 15.420 (UT), SAX J1819.3-2525 (= XTE J1819-254), an X-ray transient likely to be associated with the variable star GM Sgr (IAUC 7119 ), was measured by the ASM to have an intensity of 1.55+-0.04 Crab (2-12 keV; estimated error is based solely on counting statistics). Subsequent measurements over the following hours showed a rapid increase in X-ray intensity: 1.32+-0.04 Crab (Sep. 15.422), 1.43+-0.04 Crab (Sep. 15.423), 2.41+-0.04 Crab (Sep. 15.488), 3.74+-0.05 Crab (Sep. 15.489), 10.0+-0.2 (Sep. 15.701), and 12.2+-0.2 (Sep. 15.703). The spectrum is harder than that of the Crab Nebula. These results were obtained following receipt of the report from T. Kato of the optical brightening of GM Sgr (vsnet-alert 3475).
1999-09-16 01:25:00
optical,x-ray,star,transient,variables
1999-09-16
01:25:00
887
[ 0.00322863576002419, -0.03664693236351013, 0.059634964913129807, 0.03873458132147789, 0.04190375655889511, -0.08489692211151123, 0.013317199423909187, 0.05180138349533081, -0.0164125207811594, 0.0011513561476022005, -0.034134574234485626, -0.034615565091371536, 0.11697936803102493, -0.014502117410302162, -0.07170126587152481, -0.036716680973768234, 0.0448908731341362, -0.11051422357559204, -0.024896379560232162, 0.025305461138486862, -0.05234665796160698, 0.06270397454500198, -0.11050498485565186, -0.000041415507439523935, 0.044859983026981354, 0.0032619135454297066, -0.058329906314611435, -0.10905493795871735, -0.00029075739439576864, -0.03543529659509659, 0.02263774536550045, 0.09222635626792908, 0.004629680886864662, 0.05314548686146736, -0.001696560881100595, 0.03458129242062569, -0.026146845892071724, -0.0535581149160862, -0.05558256804943085, 0.016235657036304474, -0.020732548087835312, -0.042866870760917664, 0.0342574268579483, -0.043258387595415115, -0.0532173216342926, 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42
44
Palomar Optical Spectrum of GM Sgr in Outburst
S. G. Djorgovski, R. R. Gal, A. Mahabal, T. Galama, J. Bloom, R. Rutledge, S. Kulkarni, F. Harrison (Caltech).
Following the X-ray outburst of GM Sgr (ATEL #43, IAUC # 7119 ) low-resolution spectrum was obtained of GM Sgr on the Hale 200-inch Telescope at Palomar Mountain by S. G. Djorgovski, R. R. Gal, A. Mahabal on 16.25 Sept 1999 UT. The star has extraordinarily strong Balmer emission lines as well as strong He I 5876 Angstrom emission. The lines appear broad with wings extending to at least +/- 6000 km/s. More detailed analysis of this data continues.
1999-09-17 02:03:00
optical,x-ray,binary,star,transient
1999-09-17
02:03:00
450
[ -0.044210128486156464, -0.017835542559623718, 0.001115781837143004, 0.005875998642295599, -0.0015904851024970412, -0.05255138874053955, -0.03157401084899902, 0.03695128485560417, -0.00017183761519845575, -0.04890648275613785, -0.031911734491586685, -0.007723629008978605, -0.0008376092882826924, -0.10245460271835327, 0.05173907428979874, -0.015420219860970974, 0.03248400613665581, -0.09822611510753632, 0.004485277459025383, 0.01296936720609665, -0.04831245541572571, -0.0015949007356539369, -0.1136050745844841, 0.0492570661008358, 0.038756564259529114, -0.043774716556072235, -0.04597024247050285, -0.07152903079986572, 0.019484136253595352, -0.048935357481241226, 0.07138422876596451, 0.05456488952040672, 0.008258725516498089, 0.06552115827798843, 0.029202034696936607, 0.006296402309089899, 0.03236435726284981, -0.013679848983883858, -0.06583382189273834, -0.06538639962673187, 0.014886912889778614, -0.09559310227632523, -0.017231155186891556, -0.10664309561252594, -0.0264901090413332, 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0.01195894181728363, -0.06447779387235641, 0.09273073822259903, -0.008171812631189823, -0.09519897401332855, -0.06295690685510635, 0.01889234036207199, 0.024706248193979263, 0.006753075867891312, 0.013198578730225563, -0.04665745422244072, -0.11862663179636002, -0.04748110473155975, 0.0019861962646245956, -0.03813943639397621, -0.04605677351355553, -0.015589484944939613, 0.10191097855567932, -0.06821567565202713, -0.11932318657636642, 0.015476363711059093 ]
43
45
Detection and Possible Flare of GM Sgr at 29-34 GHz
B. Mason, S. Kulkarni, R. Rutledge, P. Udomprasert, J. Cartwright, T. Pearson, and A. C.S. Readhead (Caltech)
GM Sgr (SAX J1819.3-2525 = XTE J1819-254) was observed with the OVRO 40m telescope, for 10 1-minute integrations, between Sept 16.15566-16.16340 UT, following reports of the bright X-ray outburst (ATEL #43, IAUC # 7253 ). The observations were made using a dual-beam, Dicke-switching receiver. The source was detected in four bands averaged over the full 10 minutes, with flux densities 98 +/- 21, 76 +/- 13, 86 +/- 17, 78 +/- 22 at 27, 29, 31, and 33 GHz. Between 03:45:08-03:46:07, we see evidence of a sharp peak in the flux densities in all four bands, with maximum flux densities of 305 +/- 38, 320 +/- 36, 387 +/- 44, and 382 +/- 48 mJy (averaged over the observation time). While we cannot exclude ground-based, atmospheric, or instrumental interference as the cause of this peak, the near flat spectrum is consistent with that expected from a synchtrotron transient source. Observations on Sept 17.06826-17.18779 resulted in 95% confidence upper limits of 29, 15, 11, and 16 mJy at 27, 29, 31, and 33 GHz, respectively.
1999-09-21 00:19:00
radio,x-ray,binary,transient
1999-09-21
00:19:00
1,028
[ -0.07050658762454987, -0.040557485073804855, 0.010147071443498135, 0.015292530879378319, 0.05020082741975784, -0.0932600200176239, 0.02783627063035965, 0.09341844171285629, -0.058926284313201904, -0.02598278410732746, -0.015987277030944824, -0.029787886887788773, 0.08649956434965134, -0.04559706896543503, 0.022227423265576363, 0.0096587548032403, 0.06984736025333405, -0.0803479254245758, -0.029393106698989868, -0.0015367865562438965, 0.012998520396649837, 0.05409335345029831, -0.04574865475296974, -0.00946928933262825, 0.057094380259513855, -0.025447916239500046, -0.021544931456446648, -0.09816572070121765, -0.04383879154920578, -0.027902480214834213, 0.045601725578308105, 0.05265042185783386, -0.05071672797203064, 0.016130000352859497, -0.0009280055528506637, 0.0004187947488389909, 0.009757030755281448, -0.06062210723757744, -0.04583335295319557, 0.013214309699833393, -0.01464802771806717, -0.058556538075208664, 0.00843146163970232, -0.06212354451417923, -0.06588491797447205, 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0.05758367106318474, -0.059788983315229416, 0.06007755920290947, 0.0071161300875246525, -0.04851021245121956, -0.03042898327112198, -0.03504030779004097, -0.013478857465088367, -0.01353814359754324, 0.050442419946193695, -0.09866698086261749, -0.05239808186888695, -0.037753891199827194, 0.0007374422275461257, -0.04983903467655182, 0.022084852680563927, 0.0044417064636945724, 0.05008848011493683, -0.038464855402708054, -0.13907477259635925, -0.021993447095155716 ]
44
46
New Outburst of The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335)
D. Fox, W. H. G. Lewin (MIT)
The Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) has been detected by the All-Sky Monitor (2-12 keV) of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite (RXTE) in nine consecutive 90-second dwells beginning at 30 September 1999 04:46 UT. The source was detected at fitted count rates between 8 and 16 cts/sec (per SSC), with uncertainties of ~2 cts/sec for each. During quiescence fitted count rates are generally < 6 cts/sec and consistent with zero (3 sigma). Subsequent observation with the RXTE Proportional Counter Array (PCA; 2-60 keV) on 30 September, beginning at 20:24 UT, found the source exhibiting strong persistent emission with type I X-ray bursts, as seen at the start of most recent outbursts (Guerriero et al. 1999). If the subsequent evolution of the outburst occurs as with these previous outbursts then regular, rapid type II X-ray bursting will commence on or about 10 October, and last for roughly 12 days. High time resolution (<10 sec) infrared observations of the source during this time may reveal IR counterparts to the type II X-ray bursts, since these are expected to reach K~16.5. Please contact the authors to arrange possible coordination with RXTE observations. (See also the Rapid Burster Page.) The coordinates of the Rapid Burster's (likely) VLA counterpart (IAUC # 6813 ; ATEL #8) are RA=17h33m24s.61; Dec=-33d23m19s.8 (J2000).
1999-10-01 07:10:00
x-ray,binary,transient
1999-10-01
07:10:00
1,343
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45
47
XTE J1859+266 Brightens to 1.4 Crab
D. A. Smith (MIT)
Six 90-s observations of XTE J1859+226 (IAUC # 7274 ) with the RXTE/ASM around 1999 Oct 16.50 (UT) show a mean intensity of 1.37+-0.04 Crab (2-12 keV). The most recent cluster of observations prior to this outburst measured an intensity of 870+-30 mCrab at 1999 Oct 16.115. This value is consistent with the generally linear rise this source has shown since its initial emergence around 1999 Oct 8.7, but the most recent points show a clear excess above the extrapolation of the trend. The ASM hardness ratios do not indicate any significant spectral change during today's outburst.
1999-10-17 03:42:00
x-ray,black hole,transient
1999-10-17
03:42:00
582
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46
48
Multiwavelength observations of XTE J1859+226
S. Chaty (Open University)
Multiwavelength observations of the Transient source XTE J1859+226 (IAUC # 7274 ): We have scheduled simultaneous HST and XTE observations of the new X-ray transient XTE J1859+226, planned for October 18th 1999 02:00-09:10 UT. Supporting ground-based observations (simultaneous, near-simultaneous, and following the evolution over days/weeks) would be extremely helpful. If you can observe simultaneously with HST and XTE, high time-resolution data (< 10 seconds) will be particularly useful. It will also be very useful to know what the source did in the gaps between our exposures, appended below both for HST and XTE. Details of the target are given in IAUC # 7274 , IAUC # 7276 , IAUC # 7278 , IAUC # 7279 , IAUC # 7282 and ATEL #47. The coordinates are R.A. = 18h58m41s.51, Decl. = +22o39'30".2 (J2000.0). Garnavich et al. (IAUC 7276 ) give a finding chart (link below). %%%%% Here is the detailed timing of the HST science exposures of XTE J1859+226. All Times are UT on October 18, 1999: 02:18:25-02:57:05 exposure 2 (science) Far-UV spectroscopy; 03:41:10-04:20:21 exposure 3 (science) Near-UV spectroscopy; 05:17:53-05:57:23 exposure 4 (science) Far-UV spectroscopy; 06:05:27-06:10:28 exposure 5 (science) Near-UV spectroscopy; 07:11:44 end wavelength calibration, exposure 6 (science) STIS buffer dump and readout, and exposure 7 (science) Optical Spectroscopy; 07:16:18-07:31:22 exposure 9 (science) Red/IR spectroscopy; 08:31:19-09:10:49 exposure 11 (science) Far-UV spectroscopy; %%%%% Following is the detailed timing of the XTE pointed observations of XTE J1859+226. All times are UT on October 18, 1999: 02:12:00-02:56:00 pointed observation 1 (science); 03:48:00-04:39:00 pointed observation 2 (science); 05:24:00-06:22:00 pointed observation 3 (science); 07:00:00-08:02:00 pointed observation 4 (science); 08:36:00-09:38:00 calibration; %%%%% Please do not hesitate to contact us if you wish in order to achieve the most fruitful multiwavelength campaign. Many thanks, C.A. Haswell, S. Chaty, A.J. Norton (Open University), W. Chen (NASA/GSFC/U.MD.) and R.I. Hynes (Southampton University).
1999-10-17 07:05:00
radio,millimeter,sub-millimeter,far-infra-red,infra-red,optical,ultra-violet,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,star,transient,variables
1999-10-17
07:05:00
2,110
[ -0.08568209409713745, -0.034425247460603714, 0.058489929884672165, -0.008773298002779484, 0.07578807324171066, -0.022278156131505966, 0.01050072442740202, 0.1024927943944931, -0.06689079105854034, -0.05398666113615036, 0.037897903472185135, -0.020583145320415497, 0.030291011556982994, -0.05750291794538498, -0.008271272294223309, 0.0014120052801445127, -0.0754827931523323, -0.06437430530786514, -0.0036521945148706436, 0.023368095979094505, 0.023203959688544273, 0.032411713153123856, -0.056786611676216125, -0.06500126421451569, 0.035250719636678696, 0.06165442243218422, 0.012967683374881744, -0.08848438411951065, -0.024282442405819893, -0.02425035648047924, 0.08141966164112091, 0.06143227964639664, -0.038531847298145294, 0.024436285719275475, 0.021083462983369827, 0.03847707808017731, -0.013356015086174011, -0.008160868659615517, -0.0240688007324934, -0.05223745480179787, 0.017128897830843925, 0.004727555904537439, 0.0625697448849678, 0.0003764848515857011, -0.053014371544122696, 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47
49
Multiwavelength observations of XTE J1859+226
C. A. Haswell, S. Chaty, A. J. Norton (Open University), W. Chen (NASA/GSFC/U. MD.) and R. I. Hynes (Southampton University)
We have scheduled further simultaneous HST and RXTE observations of the new X-ray transient XTE J1859+226, planned from October 27th 1999 19:26 to October 28th 00:02 UT. Coordinated multi-wavelength observations (simultaneous, near-simultaneous, and following the evolution over days/weeks) would be extremely helpful. If you can observe simultaneously with HST and/or XTE, high time-resolution data (< 10 seconds) will be particularly useful. It will also be very useful to know what the source did in the gaps between our exposures, appended below both for HST and XTE. Details of the target are given in IAUC # 7274 , IAUC # 7276 , IAUC # 7278 , IAUC # 7279 , IAUC # 7282 , IAUC # 7284 , ATEL #47 and ATEL #48. The coordinates are R.A. = 18h58m41s.51, Decl. = +22o39'30".2 (J2000.0). Garnavich et al. (IAUC 7276 ) give a finding chart (link below). ***** For a best multiwavelength coverage purpose, the HST and detailed XTE schedule of the science observations is given below: ### HST ### Date: Oct 27 1999; From UT Start 19:38:21 - to UT End 23:43:20 ### XTE ### Type: Start: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 19:26:00 Type: Science 1: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 19:34:00 to UT End: 19:47:00 Type: Science 2: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 20:15:00 to UT End: 20:35:00 Type: Science 3: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 21:10:00 to UT End: 21:29:00 Type: Science 4: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 21:54:00 to UT End: 22:10:00 Type: Science 5: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 22:46:00 to UT End: 23:12:00 Type: Science 6: Date: Oct 27 1999; UT Start: 23:30:00 to UT End: 23:46:00 Type: End: Date: Oct 28 1999; to UT End: 00:02:00 ***** Please do not hesitate to contact us if you wish in order to achieve the most fruitful multiwavelength campaign.
1999-10-22 00:46:00
radio,millimeter,sub-millimeter,far-infra-red,infra-red,optical,ultra-violet,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient,variables,request for observations
1999-10-22
00:46:00
1,739
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48
50
Optical and near-IR observations of XTE J1859+226
R. I. Hynes (Southampton University), C. A. Haswell, A. J. Norton, S. Chaty, D. J. Rolfe, D. A. Lott (Open University), J.-E. Solheim, R. Ostensen (Tromso University), R. A. Garcia (CEA Saclay), R. Fried (Flagstaff), K. O'Brien, K. Horne (St Andrews University), Z. Ioannou (Keele), A. Shafter (San Diego State University), T. M.C. Abbott (Nordic Optical Telescope), K. Krisciunas (University of Washington), R. J. Ivison (University College London), Y. Sano (Nayoro, Hokkaido), W. Chen, C. Shrader (Goddard Space Flight Center), M. Livio (STScI), E. L. Robinson (University of Texas), R. M. Wagner (Ohio State University)
Following optical and near-infrared monitoring of XTE J1859+226 (IAUC # 7279 , # 7284 ), HST/STIS observations were performed on Oct 18.10-18.38 spanning 112-1026nm. The UV spectrum shows broad (12000km/s FWZI) and deep Lyman alpha absorption, strong CIV 155nm emission (EW 1.1nm, 4000km/s FWZI) and weaker emission lines of CIII, NV, OIII, OIV, OV, SiIV and HeII. Sharp absorption lines of SiII, SiIII, MgII and other species also appear with possible interstellar origin. Preliminary analysis of the 220nm interstellar feature suggests E(B-V)=0.58 +/- 0.07. The dereddened optical-UV spectral energy distribution (SED) is a steep blue power-law (spectral index +1.2) in the optical, flattening in the UV. This SED resembles those of other short period SXTs, suggesting that XTE J1859+226 has a binary period < 1d. A 20% decline in 110-170nm fluxes during the observation coincides with an X-ray decline seen in RXTE/ASM lightcurves. Shorter timescale variations are present but no persistent coherent modulation was detected. Preliminary analyses of 33 hours of optical time-series data collected between October 13.86 and October 20.24 at Nordic Optical Telescope, Braeside, Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, Keele, Mt. Laguna, St. Andrews and Manastash Ridge Observatory, and also 2.5 hours infrared time-series data at UKIRT on Oct. 18.19-18.31 UT suggest a 1% modulation with period 22-23 minutes. Further HST observations are scheduled for Nov 6.82-6.93, Nov 19.43-19.55; coordinated ground based observations are encouraged. We thank the open policy of the Astronomer Telegram for the announcement of our previous observation campaigns (ATEL #48 and ATEL #49).
1999-10-28 23:39:00
radio,millimeter,sub-millimeter,far-infra-red,infra-red,optical,ultra-violet,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient,variables,request for observations,a comment
1999-10-28
23:39:00
1,664
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-0.04730960726737976, -0.024923793971538544, -0.033884987235069275, 0.057452596724033356, -0.01721831224858761, 0.08132609724998474, -0.018656691536307335, -0.032657116651535034, -0.06778433173894882, -0.05014006420969963, -0.013449744321405888, -0.016751892864704132, -0.007383883930742741, -0.07863970845937729, -0.07630334794521332, 0.0009116099681705236, 0.04557999595999718, -0.02338447794318199, -0.06274400651454926, -0.002550795441493392, 0.06313537061214447, -0.08569952845573425, -0.13276343047618866, 0.0025045983493328094 ]
49
51
Multiwavelength observations of XTE J1859+226 on 1999, November 6th
C. A. Haswell, S. Chaty, A. J. Norton (Open University), W. Chen (NASA/GSFC/U. MD.) and R. I. Hynes (Southampton University)
Further simultaneous HST and RXTE observations (visit #3) of the new X-ray transient XTE J1859+226 are scheduled for November 6th 1999 19:37 - 22:22 UT. Coordinated multi-wavelength observations (simultaneous, near-simultaneous, and following the evolution over days/weeks) would be extremely helpful. If you can observe simultaneously with HST and/or RXTE, high time-resolution data (< 10 seconds) will be particularly useful. It will also be very useful to know what the source did in the gaps between our exposures, appended below both for HST and XTE. Details of the target are given in IAUC # 7274 , IAUC # 7276 , IAUC # 7278 , IAUC # 7279 , IAUC # 7282 , IAUC # 7284 , IAUC # 7291 , ATEL #47 and ATEL #50. The coordinates are R.A. = 18h 58m 41s.51, Decl. = +22o 39' 30".2 (J2000.0). Garnavich et al. (IAUC 7276 ) give a finding chart (see link below). ***** For a best multiwavelength coverage purpose, the HST and detailed XTE schedule of the science observations is given below: ### HST ### Date: Nov 6 1999: From Start UT 19:37:07 - to End UT 22:20:06 Type: Start UT Start: 19:37:07 Type: Science 1 UT Start: 19:47:18 to UT End: 19:51:29 Type: Science 2 UT Start: 19:56:24 to UT End: 20:33:55 Type: Science 3 UT Start: 21:20:44 to UT End: 21:36:04 Type: Science 5&6 UT Start: 21:39:04 to UT End: 22:09:30 Type: Science 7 UT Start: 22:09:30 to UT End: 22:14:04 Type: End to UT End: 22:20:06 ### RXTE ### Date: Nov 6 1999: From Start UT 19:53:00 - to End UT 22:22:00 Type: Start UT Start: 19:53:00 Type: Science 1 UT Start: 19:56:00 to UT End: 20:11:00 Type: Science 2 UT Start: 21:20:00 to UT End: 21:47:00 Type: End to UT End: 22:22:00 *****
1999-11-04 20:28:00
radio,millimeter,sub-millimeter,far-infra-red,infra-red,optical,ultra-violet,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,transient,variables,request for observations,a comment
1999-11-04
20:28:00
1,654
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50
52
2S 1417-624 Outburst
Mark H. Finger
Hard X-ray pulses from the Be/X-ray transient pulsar 2S 1417-624 are currently begin detected by BATSE on CGRO. The first detection was on November 12. The average pulsed flux is 16+-3 mCrab (20-50 keV). After correction with the binary orbit of Finger et al. (1996, A&A Supp. 120, 209) the pulse timing from November 12-17 is consistent with a constant frequency of 56.99490(9) Hz. Previous to the current outburst the source was last detected on 1996 December 21."
1999-11-20 06:52:00
x-ray,binary,pulsar,transient
1999-11-20
06:52:00
466
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51
53
Correction to ATEL# 52
Mark H. Finger
In ATEL #52 the spin frequency of 2S 1417-624 was incorrectly given as 56.99490(9) Hz. The correct value is 56.99490(9) mHz.
1999-11-24 02:38:00
x-ray,binary,pulsar,transient
1999-11-24
02:38:00
124
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-0.07172094285488129, -0.016589023172855377, -0.022773541510105133, 0.030940856784582138, -0.05884021520614624, -0.04140577092766762, 0.005687659606337547, -0.017337903380393982, -0.004770086612552404, -0.03608155995607376, -0.05418021231889725, 0.011362278833985329, 0.023962050676345825, -0.07360698282718658, -0.040983423590660095, -0.0026083297561854124, -0.03348948806524277, -0.010890026576817036, -0.08649199455976486, 0.033904653042554855, 0.06678668409585953, 0.04364001378417015, -0.09596846252679825, 0.0011128786718472838 ]
52
54
Enhanced Radio Activity in the Quiescent State of the X-ray Transient V404 Cyg (=GS2023+338)
R. M. Hjellming, M. P. Rupen (NRAO), A. J. Mioduszewski (U. Sydney), R. Narayan (Harvard Univ.)
The quiescent state of the X-ray transient and 14 solar mass black hole binary, V404 Cyg (=GS2023+338), since it ended the long decay that accompanied its initial discovery event at X-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths (Han and Hjellming, Ap.J., 400, 304, 1992), has been associated with a 0.4 mJy radio source and, most of the time, a 7 microJy X-ray source at 2-12 keV (1 ASM count/sec = 24 microJy) in the RXTE ASM daily averages. Starting in early 1999 VLA observations of the V404 Cyg radio source showed fluctuations ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 mJy on time scales of days, and on 2000 Feb 28 it reached 1.5 mJy - the highest radio flux level since the end of the initial discovery event ten years earlier. During the most recent, and most extreme, radio fluctuations, the RXTE ASM has been showing increases to the 20-34 microJy level, and the 1.5 mJy radio measurement was preceded by a month-long X-ray "event" reaching up to 34 microJy. Because of the possibility that this activity may be preliminary to a change of state, judicious multiwavelength observations are suggested.
2000-03-01 01:36:00
radio,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2000-03-01
01:36:00
1,083
[ -0.020370356738567352, 0.023472582921385765, -0.016043562442064285, 0.09702053666114807, 0.03113744594156742, -0.05884240195155144, 0.028647886589169502, 0.09578368812799454, -0.018809758126735687, -0.012650648131966591, -0.0033444094005972147, -0.029704825952649117, 0.05859072506427765, 0.04493388533592224, 0.015298960730433464, 0.008778177201747894, 0.04780913144350052, -0.11585728824138641, 0.005967720877379179, 0.04800799861550331, -0.008251102641224861, 0.08720668405294418, -0.021094772964715958, -0.014348359778523445, 0.08683149516582489, -0.012736137956380844, 0.01029786467552185, -0.07708726078271866, -0.021614311262965202, -0.0017217594431713223, -0.04362674057483673, 0.10724750906229019, 0.003957781009376049, 0.01992492377758026, 0.07551015913486481, 0.046990733593702316, 0.026877745985984802, -0.030800236389040947, -0.022730570286512375, -0.005805966444313526, -0.05312713608145714, -0.034792087972164154, 0.04922248423099518, -0.0005595040274783969, -0.08450949937105179, 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53
55
Multiwavelength observations of XTE J1859+226
C. A. Haswell, S. Chaty (Open University), W. Cui (NASA/GSFC/U. MD.), J. V. Casares (IAC), and R. I. Hynes (Southampton University)
On March 2 06:00 UT the transient source XTE J1859+226 had faded considerably to R=18.0 in the optical (IAC) and to a flux of about 13 mCrab (RXTE ASM). However, it clearly remains active in the X-rays. From extrapolating the last spectrum obtained with HST on 2000, February 8th we predict the following approximate magnitude and colours: V~18.4, U-B=-0.5, B-V = V-R = R-I = +0.4. A final simultaneous HST/RXTE visit to this source (most likely a black hole) is scheduled for 2000, March 5th between 06:10 and 13:41 UT. Time details are given below. Coordinated multiwavelength observations (simultaneous, near-simultaneous, and following the evolution over days/weeks/months) would be extremely helpful. Simultaneous or near simultaneous red and infrared photometry or spectrophotometry (where we have no satellite coverage); and/or photometry with time-resolution greater that about 10s (where the signal to noise ratio justifies this) is particularly solicited. The target is now an end-of-night object, observable for about 2 hours before twilight. Details of the target are given in IAUC # 7274 , IAUC # 7276 , IAUC # 7278 , IAUC # 7279 , IAUC # 7282 , IAUC # 7284 , IAUC # 7291 , ATEL #47 and ATEL #50. The coordinates are R.A. = 18h58m41s.51, Decl. = +22o39'30".2 (J2000.0). Garnavich et al. 1999 (IAUC 7276 ) give a finder chart (see link below). ***** For a best multiwavelength coverage purpose, the HST and detailed XTE schedule of the science observations is given below: ### HST ### HST observations start: Mar 5 2000 06:10:16 UT end: Mar 5 2000 13:41:12 UT. ### XTE ### RXTE observations on source intervals: Mar 5 2000 07:23:00 to 08:21:00 UT Mar 5 2000 08:59:00 to 09:57:00 UT Mar 5 2000 10:34:00 to 11:18:00 UT.
2000-03-04 09:08:00
radio,millimeter,sub-millimeter,far-infra-red,infra-red,optical,ultra-violet,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient,request for observations,a comment
2000-03-04
09:08:00
1,732
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54
56
Optical Photometry of V404 Cyg (=GS2023+338)
R. M. Wagner (LBTO/U. Arizona), C. R. Shrader (NASA/GSFC), and S. G. Starrfield (Arizona State U.)
In response to the request by Hjellming et al. in ATEL #54, Rose Finn (Steward Observatory/U. Arizona) obtained for us two R-band CCD images of V404 Cyg (=GS2023+338) on 2000 Mar 3.52 UT with the Steward Observatory Bok 2.3-m telescope and direct CCD (scale = 0.3 arcsec/pixel, airmass = 1.8, seeing = 1.7 arcsec FWHM). Photometry of V404 Cyg was obtained with respect to the comparison stars C1, C4, and C5 of Udalski and Kaluzny (1991, PASP, 103, 198), Casares et al. (1993, MNRAS, 265, 834), and our own photometry of C1 (R = 12.39). We find for V404 Cyg that R = (16.80 +/- 0.03) mag after correction for the contaminating star (R = 17.52; Casares et al. 1993) 1.4 arcsec north of V404 Cyg, which was not resolved from V404 Cyg at this high airmass. This magnitude is consistent with the quiescent magnitude of V404 Cyg after taking into account the intrinsic variability in quiescence which is typically ~+/-0.2 mag (Wagner et al., 1992, ApJ, 401, L97; Casares et al. 1993). The results indicate that there has not been a general optical brightening associated with the recent enhanced X-ray and radio activity which peaked on 2000 Feb 28 (Hjellming et al., ATEL #54). Given the level of intrinsic optical flickering, V404 Cyg would have to become brighter on average than perhaps V ~ 18 or R ~ 16 before a new optical outburst might be evident. However, our observations do not preclude the possibility that there have been changes in the amplitude of the optical fluctuations that might be correlated with the new X-ray and radio fluctuations. Photometric monitoring on short time scales during the next observing season might be worthwhile.
2000-03-08 06:33:00
radio,infra-red,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,star,transient
2000-03-08
06:33:00
1,648
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55
57
New Outburst of MXB 1730-335
Derek W. Fox & Walter H. G. Lewin (MIT)
A Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array (2-60 keV) observation of the source 4U 1728-34, beginning 25 March 2000 20:35 UT, has revealed the Rapid Burster (MXB 1730-335) to be in outburst. Strong (10,000 PCA cts/sec ~ 0.8 Crab) flat-topped bursts, lasting 100-300 seconds and repeating at 500-1000 second intervals, were observed along with >1000 PCA cts/sec (100 mCrab) persistent emission. This behavior is similar to that observed at the start of the August 1998 outburst (ATEL #32), and represents the strongest type II bursts observed from this source in the RXTE era. The strength of the bursts is expected to decrease over the course of the next two weeks as the outburst evolves (Guerriero et al. 1999). High time resolution (<10 sec) infrared observations of the source during the next week may reveal IR counterparts to the type II X-ray bursts, since these are expected to reach K < 16.5. Please contact the authors to arrange possible coordination with RXTE observations (see also the Rapid Burster Page). The coordinates of the Rapid Burster's (likely) VLA counterpart (Moore et al. 2000) are RA=17h33m24s.61; Dec=-33d23m19s.8 (J2000).
2000-03-27 07:27:00
radio,infra-red,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient,request for observations
2000-03-27
07:27:00
1,167
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56
58
Likely New Outburst from XTE J1550-564
D. A. Smith, A. M. Levine, R. Remillard, and D. Fox (MIT), and R. Schaefer (NASA/GSFC)
Observations over 2000 April 6-10 with the RXTE All-Sky Monitor show a clear detection of a source with maximum likelihood position 1 +- 3 arcmin from the position of XTE J1550-564 (IAUC # 7009 ). It is therefore highly likely that we have detected renewed activity of XTE J1550-564. A 2-12 keV light curve from this location shows an approximately linear flux increase at a rate of ~15+-2 mCrab/day, an order of magnitude slower than the rate of increase during the onset of the XTE J1550-564 outburst in 1998 (IAUC # 7008 , ATEL #37). Extrapolation of the current rate of increase indicates zero flux on 2000 April 2. The energy spectrum is slightly harder than that of the Crab, and there is as yet no evidence for spectral evolution. Multiwavelength observations are encouraged.
2000-04-11 00:30:00
x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2000-04-11
00:30:00
782
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57
59
Mini-outburst of Aql X-1
R. Jain, C. Bailyn and P. Coppi, (Yale); M. Garcia, (CfA); A. Levine, (MIT); J. Orosz, (Utrecht); P. Lu, (Western Connecticut State); and J. Espinoza and D. Gonzalez,(CTIO)
We report YALO consortium observation of a mini-outburst of Aquila X-1 = V1333 Aql, which occurred between July 04.27 and 07.29 UT. This X-ray binary outbursts approximately once per year, and most recently entered a mini-outburst during May 2000 (IAUC 7423 , 7429 ). We have been monitoring this source since April 5 in R using the YALO 1-m telescope at CTIO. Compared to the quiescent average magnitude, which fluctuates by less than 0.1 mag, the source had brightened in R by 0.20 +/- 0.02 mag on July 04.27 UT and peaked at 0.31 +/- 0.02 mags on July 05.26 UT. Thereafter, the source brightness diminished and returned to the quiescent level by July 07.29 UT. We will continue optical monitoring of this source.
2000-07-11 03:50:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient
2000-07-11
03:50:00
715
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0.006978574674576521, -0.005911670159548521, -0.005095075350254774, 0.047546934336423874, -0.08116472512483597, 0.025351248681545258, -0.06021661311388016, -0.10286757349967957, 0.062128886580467224, -0.0024248273111879826, -0.006367146037518978, -0.027312656864523888, 0.06623777002096176, -0.03961506113409996, -0.030295835807919502, -0.008727132342755795, 0.016714420169591904, -0.07261047512292862, -0.049664754420518875, 0.01807577721774578, 0.06187921017408371, -0.03231847286224365, -0.12267950177192688, -0.027342474088072777 ]
58
60
Black Hole Candidate XTE J1859+226 in the Low/Hard State
J. M. Miller, D. W. Fox, D. Pooley, W. H. G. Lewin (MIT)
Recent flaring activity of this source in the optical (Casares et al. 2000, IAUC # 7451 ) has motivated a public RXTE TOO observation on 8 July 2000. XTE J1859+226 is a known X-ray nova that reached 1.4 Crab in the RXTE/ASM in October 1999 (Smith 1999, ATEL #47). During that outburst the source exhibited 150 and 187 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations (Cui et al. 2000, ApJ 535, L123) and radio emission (Pooley & Hjellming, IAUC # 7278 ). The source has been undetected in RXTE/ASM dwells since March 2000. We find that the PCA spectrum from 8 July 2000 is consistent with hard power-law emission, with photon index alpha=1.54(10) and total 3-25 keV flux of 1.08(20)e-11 ergs cm^-2 (assumed neutral hydrogen column N_H=5.5e21 cm^-2). This spectrum is consistent with the canonical Low/Hard spectral state of black hole X-ray binary systems. Observers may contact the authors (jmm@space.mit.edu) for possible coordination with their ongoing multi-wavelength campaign on this source.
2000-07-17 04:47:00
radio,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,nova,transient,request for observations
2000-07-17
04:47:00
982
[ -0.0599837489426136, -0.029429320245981216, 0.023128705099225044, 0.08349500596523285, 0.02662167325615883, -0.0402267687022686, 0.001478973077610135, 0.046759478747844696, -0.012703370302915573, -0.020742474123835564, -0.04395906999707222, -0.02266754023730755, 0.037308987230062485, -0.03107595443725586, 0.04142845794558525, 0.007733299396932125, 0.006978118792176247, -0.0848412811756134, 0.011768089607357979, 0.1090228408575058, 0.021822141483426094, 0.05242255702614784, -0.01705256663262844, -0.009026472456753254, -0.013180297799408436, 0.01935018226504326, 0.015626635402441025, -0.06195133924484253, 0.043480392545461655, -0.03672853112220764, 0.0702766478061676, 0.11225946247577667, -0.03470329940319061, 0.0020762914791703224, 0.045805640518665314, 0.018932795152068138, 0.0667608454823494, -0.052975598722696304, -0.05044789984822273, -0.002407826017588377, -0.013451500795781612, -0.015547065064311028, 0.025766775012016296, 0.028155988082289696, -0.03603944554924965, 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59
61
Recurrence of Radio Counterpart of V4641 Sgr (=XTE J1819-254)
R. M. Hjellming (NRAO)
On 2000 July 17.23 UT VLA 1-km array observations detected recurrence of radio emission from V4641 Sgr (=XTE J1819-254) at a level of 1.6 mJy at 8.4 GHz. On July 18.13 UT it was 0.6, 0.9, 1.1, and 1.2 mJy at 1.49, 4.9, 8.4, and 14.9 GHz, corresponding to a spectrum of ~0.53*nuGHz^(-0.35) mJy. This is much weaker than the peak 400 mJy levels seen in its September 1999 outburst (Hjellming et al. 2000, Ap.J., Nov. 10 issue), but indicates that this superluminal jet source is undergoing recurrence of weak radio activity. It was at levels below 0.4 mJy for several observations in the last year. Multiwavelength observations are encouraged, but it is not known what levels are possible at other wavelengths when it is in this weak radio state.
2000-07-18 23:23:00
radio,black hole,star,transient,request for observations
2000-07-18
23:23:00
744
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60
62
Error in ATEL #61: Recurrence of Radio Counterpart of V4641 Sgr (=XTE
R. M. Hjellming (NRAO)
In ATEL #61 the radio fluxes for 2000 July 18.13 UT were correct, but the formula for the spectral fit should have been 0.53*nuGHz^(0.35) mJy
2000-07-19 00:15:00
radio,black hole,transient,request for observations
2000-07-19
00:15:00
141
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61
63
Aql X-1 in Brightest X-ray Outburst of RXTE Era
R. E. Rutledge (Caltech)
Following the optical outburst reported by Jain et al (IAUC # 7495 ), the type-I X-ray bursting low mass X-ray binary transient Aql X-1 (V1333 Aql) has been detectable (>3 sigma) in the one-day average countrate measured with RXTE/ASM since 22 Sept 2000, according to the quicklook data. By 06 Oct 2000, the 1-day average countrate reached 610 mCrab (1 Crab=73 ASM c/s). Between 06 Oct 2000 and the present time (20 Oct 2000), the 1-day average countrate has remained above 550 mCrab. This is the brightest extended X-ray outburst of Aql X-1, by ~30%, of the RXTE era. The four bright X-ray outbursts observed of Aql X-1 with RXTE/ASM are typically 10-30 days duration, before the decline in X-ray intensity begins. Judicious multi-wavlength coverage is encouraged.
2000-10-21 08:31:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient,request for observations
2000-10-21
08:31:00
765
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62
64
A Black Hole in XTE J1118+480
J. McClintock, M. Garcia, P. Zhao, N. Caldwell, and E. Falco; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysic
Spectroscopic observations of this X-ray nova with the new 6.5-m MMT on Dec. 1 & 4 show that it contains a black hole primary of at least 6 solar masses. Our prior photometric observations using the FLWO 1.2-m telescope showed that the X-ray nova was near its pre-outburst brightness (IAUC 7390 ) at V = 18.8 on Oct. 26. The quiescent state of the system was confirmed on the nights of Nov. 30 & Dec. 1 by P. Garnavich who observed a double-humped, ellipsoidal light curve using the VATT 1.8-m (priv. comm.). Two MMT spectra were obtained on Dec. 1 and six additional spectra were obtained on Dec. 4. As expected, the spectra contain both broad Balmer emission lines and the numerous absorption features characteristic of a late-type dwarf. Robust velocity measurements were obtained by cross-correlating the individual spectra (range 490-650 nm) against the spectra of several bright dwarfs (K5-M2). The eight velocities provide good phase coverage and yield a velocity amplitude of K = 698 +/- 11 km/s and an orbital period of P = 0.1701 +/- 0.0003 days (IAUC 7412 , 7418 ). The large value of the mass function, f(M) = 6.0 +/- 0.3 solar masses, is rivaled only by that of V404 Cyg. A time of maximum velocity occurred on 2000 Dec. 1.4776 +/- 0.0005 UT."
2000-12-14 01:44:00
x-ray,black hole,nova,transient
2000-12-14
01:44:00
1,256
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63
65
High Enerygy Outburst in BL Lac object Mkn 421
R. Remillard (MIT), H. G. Boerst (University of Kiel), N. Goetting (University of Hamburg)
Following the detection of enhanced X-ray emission from the BL Lac object Markarian 421 with the RXTE All Sky Monitor on, observations with the Cherenkov telescopes of HEGRA (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) show very strong TeV activity. Above a threshold energy of 500 GeV, daily integrated fluxes (20 minute averages) reach up to 1, 4, 2, 1.5, 2.5, and 3 times the TeV flux of the Crab Nebula in consecutive nights during January 16-22. The ASM observations of Mkn 421 in mCrab at 2-12 keV: 44(2) over UT 2001 January 13-18; 30(3) Jan 19-20; 54(3) on Jan 21, and 80(6) on Jan 22. Today's peak is the brightest X-ray flux seen from a BL Lac object during the RXTE Mission (since Jan 1996). Observations at other wavelengths are strongly encouraged.
2001-01-23 08:16:00
x-ray,tev,agn
2001-01-23
08:16:00
750
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64
66
Black-Hole Candidate GRS 1758-258 Enters an "Off" State
D. M. Smith, Space Sciences Laboratory, U. C. Berkeley; W. A. Heindl, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, U. C. San Diego; C. B. Markwardt and J. H. Swank, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Twice-weekly observations of the black hole candidate GRS 1758-258 with the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on RXTE have revealed that the source has undergone a dramatic drop in hard x-ray flux for the first time since GRANAT/Sigma saw it disappear (40-150 keV) in 1991/92 (M. Gilfanov et al. 1993, ApJ 418,844). Measurements on Feb 21 and Feb 27 in the 2.5-25 keV band showed a change from a spectrum dominated by a hard power law (index -2) to a spectrum dominated by a thermal component (blackbody kT = 0.4 keV). The residual power-law tail (index -3) now has less than 10% of the photon flux it had on Feb 21. As is usual for black-hole soft states, the fast variability has dropped, and is now less than 8% rms. This state is quite different than the typical "high/soft" state in that the bolometric luminosity is almost a factor of 3 lower than in the hard state (the drop is about two orders of magnitude in the Sigma band). We suggest two possible interpretations. First, that it is what we call a "dynamical" soft state (D. M. Smith, W. A. Heindl & J. H. Swank 2001, submitted to ApJ). In this model, the thin disk and halo flows are independent. The halo, which scatters disk photons into the power law, disappears as soon as accretion stops, while the thin disk persists for the viscous timescale, which appears from earlier data to be a few weeks in this source. A second interpretation is that the remaining soft flux is not from the disk but rather from an outflow; there appears to be evidence of extended emission from this source in Chandra data (W. A. Heindl & D. M. Smith, 2000, BAAS 197, 118.01). In either case, we predict that if mass transfer from the companion does not resume, the remaining soft flux should fade over the next few weeks. Deep follow-up observations with RXTE are taking place today (Mar 12), and in these data the spectrum is much the same as it has been since Feb 27. A Chandra observation has been approved, possibly for as early as next week. The state could end at any time or could last as long as 6 months or more (GRANAT/Sigma showed the source "off" in Fall 1991 and Spring 1992, though without any other observations in between). Observations are encouraged in the radio (to search for correlated changes in the core of the associated core-and-jet radio structure), in the IR/optical (for a rare opportunity to evaluate potential companions with the accretion disk turned - or turning - off), and of course in the x-ray band. Contact D. M. Smith at the address above for more detailed information on RXTE and Chandra observing schedules.
2001-03-13 09:18:00
radio,optical,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole
2001-03-13
09:18:00
2,593
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65
67
The spectroscopic mass ratio of the black hole binary XTE J1118+480
Jerome A. Orosz (Utrecht University)
I obtained spectra of the black hole binary XTE J1118+480 with the 4.2 meter William Hershel Telescope on La Palma February 16/17, 2001. The instrumental configuration was the red arm of ISIS and the R600R grating, which yielded wavelength coverage from 5850 to 6650 Angstroms at a resolution of 1.55 Angstroms FWHM. A total of 22 useful spectra were obtained. From the radial velocities I find K_2 = 704 +/- 11 km/sec and T_0 = HJD 2,451,957.4278 +/- 0.0005. This value of T_0, which is the time of the closest approach of the secondary star, and the K-velocity are both consistent with previous results (McClintock et al., 2001, ApJ, 551, L147; Wagner et al., 2001, astro-ph/0104032). The mean rotational velocity of the secondary star is 114 +/- 4 km/sec, which implies a mass ratio of Q = M_bh/M_sec = 27 +/- 5 (q = M_sec/M_bh = 0.037 +/- 0.007), assuming the star is rotating synchronously with the orbit. This mass ratio, although extreme, is not nearly as extreme as the mass ratio of q = 0.008 (Q = 125) derived by Casares et al. (IAU Circular 7617) from a relation between the superhump period excess vs. the mass ratio. This large difference between the predicted and observed mass ratio may mean that the 2:1 resonance is the dominant tidal instability as suggested by Casares et al. (IAU Circular 7617) and that this resonance has a different period-excess-versus-mass ratio relation.
2001-05-03 19:34:00
optical,binary,black hole,star,transient
2001-05-03
19:34:00
1,396
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66
68
A superburst from GX 3+1
Erik Kuulkers (SRON & Utrecht University)
A search through the publicly available RXTE/ASM database of GX 3+1 revealed a single flare with an observed peak flux of ~1.1 Crab and a duration of a few hours. The flare started between 1998 June 8 22:53 and 1998 June 9 00:52 (UT). During the exponential decay, with an e-folding time of 1.6+/-0.2 hrs (1.5-12 keV), spectral softening is observed. The net emission (=flare emission minus pre-flare emission) at the peak is consistent with black-body radiation with a temperature of kT ~2 keV. The corresponding bolometric net-peak luminosity is ~8x10^37 erg/s at 4.5 kpc. The pre-flare source luminosity was ~0.2 times the Eddington luminosity. The characteristics of this flare are very similar to those reported for other hour-long thermonuclear X-ray events recently found with BeppoSAX/WFC (e.g. Cornelisse, R., et al. 2000, A&A 357, L21), RXTE/PCA (e.g. Strohmayer, T.E. 2000, HEAD 32, 24.10) and RXTE/ASM (Wijnands, R. 2001, ApJ Letters, in press [astro-ph/0103125]) in other low-mass X-ray binaries. This makes GX 3+1 the sixth source to show such a so-called superburst.
2001-05-18 20:57:00
x-ray,binary,neutron star,star
2001-05-18
20:57:00
1,083
[ -0.04508066177368164, -0.037937089800834656, 0.05383040010929108, 0.06504353880882263, 0.029438290745019913, -0.08151812106370926, 0.02386193536221981, 0.07622752338647842, -0.000117121497169137, 0.015821615234017372, -0.04736809432506561, -0.06983568519353867, 0.037262871861457825, 0.010230802930891514, 0.017745720222592354, 0.004948800429701805, 0.01063348725438118, -0.08247019350528717, -0.015582635067403316, 0.04780227318406105, 0.014923996292054653, -0.024183563888072968, -0.05423394963145256, -0.002082420513033867, 0.015598246827721596, -0.012493925169110298, 0.007975057698786259, -0.06067721173167229, -0.02452501654624939, 0.019387418404221535, 0.022867700085043907, 0.026777705177664757, -0.023327616974711418, 0.018112635239958763, 0.04151525720953941, -0.02168874628841877, -0.018439047038555145, -0.010803522542119026, -0.01823166012763977, 0.1206953302025795, -0.01037045568227768, -0.005991153884679079, 0.04544953629374504, -0.036860961467027664, -0.00021294696489349008, 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67
69
A Sudden State Change in 1E 1740.7-2942
D. M. Smith, Space Sciences Laboratory, U. C. Berkeley; W. A. Heindl, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, U. C. San Diego; C. B. Markwardt and J. H. Swank, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
The black hole candidate 1E 1740.7-2942 has made the most abrupt spectral transition since the beginning of an RXTE/PCA monitoring campaign in Feb. 1996. It transitioned from a soft power law of index -2.2 on May 12 to a hard power law of index -1.5 on May 14. It had reached the -2.2 index via two months of gradual softening. The total photon flux, corrected for interstellar absorption and extrapolated to 2-100 keV, remained virtually unchanged through the gradual softening and abrupt hardening. This is shown in the figure available at the URL below. The result of the hardening is that the flux at 15 keV has approximately doubled in two days, which is unusually dramatic for this source. Both theory and recent observations suggest that a sudden onset or increase in hard- state emission might be related to an ejection/brightening of the radio jets, so radio observations are strongly encouraged. 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258, another black-hole candidate in the Galactic bulge with radio jets, differ from Cyg X-1 in that their power-law index and luminosity do not vary simultaneously, but show hysteresis. In a paper submitted to The Astrophysical Journal (astro-ph/0103304) we show that the patterns of variation are consistent with a two-accretion-flow model: a hot halo and thin disk are fed independently, the hot halo showing changes in the accretion rate immediately while the changes have to propagate at the viscous timescale (weeks) in the thin disk. To first order, the total photon flux is proportional to the inner disk accretion rate, and the power-law index is inversely related to the halo flow. In Cyg X-1, the spectra (and therefore the flows) change simultaneously because the disk is small. When the power law flux in GRS 1758-258 recently dropped abruptly, we deduced that the accretion, and therefore the halo flow, had stopped, and we predicted (Astronomer's Telegram #66) that the remaining thermal disk spectrum would decay with a timescale of about a month. This prediction was fully confirmed (astro-ph/0103381, accepted for The Astrophysical Journal Letters). The corresponding explanation for the current event in 1E 1740.7-2942 would be that the halo flow has been decreasing gradually and now has suddenly jumped up. The prediction is that we will see a delayed (and perhaps slightly blurred) increase in the absorption-corrected photon flux (panel 2 of the figure at the URL below) once the change in accretion rate has propagated to the inner disk (in 3-6 weeks).
2001-05-22 04:59:00
radio,x-ray,binary,black hole
2001-05-22
04:59:00
2,512
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68
70
Dynamical Evidence for a Black Hole in the Microquasar XTE J1550-564
Jerome A. Orosz (Utrecht), Michiel van der Klis (Amsterdam), Jeffrey E. McClintock (CfA), Raj K. Jain (Yale), Charles D. Bailyn (Yale), Ronald A. Remillard (MIT)
We obtained direct CCD images and time series spectroscopy of the microquasar XTE J1550-564 on May 24-27, 2001 using the FORS1 instrument on Antu, which is the first 8.2 meter telescope at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal (visitor program 67.D-0229(A)). We obtained a total of 18 spectra covering a wavelength range of 4571 to 6927 Angstroms with a resolution of 3.6 Angstroms FWHM. The spectra show a broad, double-peaked H alpha emission line with an equivalent width of ~23 Angstroms and a peak-to-peak separation of 800 km/s. Absorption lines indicative of K-stars (e.g. the Mg b lines near 5169 Angstroms) are also apparent. Radial velocities were relatively easily to measure from 17 of the spectra, and the best cross correlation peaks were found using a K3III template. A four-parameter sinusoid fit to the radial velocity data yields the following elements: P = 1.552 +/- 0.010 days, K = 349 +/- 12 km/s, gamma = 28 +/- 11 km/sec, T_0 = HJD 2,452,054.296 +/- 0.014 (the epoch of maximum velocity), and chi^2/DOF = 1.38. The spectroscopic period is free of aliases and is consistent with the photometric period of P_photo = 1.541 +/- 0.009 days found by Jain et al. (2001, ApJ, 546, 1086). The resulting mass function is f(M) = 6.86 +/- 0.71 solar masses, which is the largest mass function known among the X-ray transients to date. The lack of X-ray eclipses and deep optical eclipses during the outbursts sets an upper limit on the inclination of i < 81 degrees for all mass ratios. Furthermore, the secondary star must be more massive than 0.15 solar masses in order for it to have evolved off the main sequence (Webbink, Rappaport, & Savonije, 1983, ApJ, 270, 678). The upper limit of i < 81 degrees and the lower limit of M_2 > 0.15 solar masses implies a lower limit on the mass of the compact object of M_1 > 7.4 +/- 0.7 solar masses. We conclude XTE J1550-564 contains a black hole since the mass of the compact object is well above the maximum mass of a stable neutron star.
2001-05-31 02:40:00
optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient
2001-05-31
02:40:00
2,001
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69
71
GRS1915+105 outburst
R. Remillard (MIT) for RXTE ASM team at MIT and GSFC
The latest data points from the RXTE All-Sky Monitor indicate that GRS1915+105 is rising out of the low-hard state, where it had been for the last 14 days with a mean flux of 0.39 mCrab at 2-12 keV. On 2001 July 15, the X-ray flux (2-12 keV) increased from 0.44 Crab (02:50 UT) to 0.73 Crab (07:30 UT). Previous breakouts from the low-hard state have been associated with the birth of relativistic radio jets from this black hole binary (and microquasar), so radio and IR measurements are urgently needed as soon as possible.
2001-07-16 01:24:00
radio,infra-red,x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2001-07-16
01:24:00
525
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70
72
The likely optical counterpart of X-ray transient KS 1731-260
Rudy Wijnands (MIT), Paul J. Groot (CfA), Jon J. Miller (MIT), Craig Markwardt (GSFC), Walter H. G. Lewin (MIT), Michiel van der Klis (Amsterdam)
During our 27 March 2001 Chandra observation of the neutron star X-ray transient KS 1731-260, two X-ray sources were detected (Wijnands et al. 2001, ApJL submitted, astro-ph/0107380). One of those sources is very likely a star in the USNO A2.0 optical catalog (Monet et al. 1998, USNO-SA2.0, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington DC) and in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) point source catalog with a position (from 2MASS) of R.A = 17h34m12.70s, Dec. = -26d05m48.4s (+/- 0.2 arcseconds). If this identification is correct, then there is an offset between the 2MASS and the Chandra positions. Applying the same offset to the primary Chandra source, we find for its position: R.A. = 17h34m13.47s, Dec. = -26d05m18.8s, with an error of approximately 0.4 arcseconds. This X-ray source is very close to the center of the ROSAT/HRI error circle of KS 1731-260 (Barret et al. 1998. A&A 329, 965) and the source detected with Chandra is almost certainly this source (see also Wijnands et al. 2001). To search for the optical counterpart of KS 1731-260 in quiescence, we made observations on June 29-30, 2001, using the Magellan Walter Baade telescope in combination with the MagIC CCD camera. A very weak optical source is present in the Chandra error circle for KS 1731-260 when the X-ray image is overlaid onto the optical images (see the I band image; the small circle is the Chandra error circle and the large one the ROSAT/HRI error circle of Barret et al. 1998). The conditions were not photometric, so no accurate magnitudes can be quoted. The X-ray source can also be identified with a weak infrared star in the images presented by Barret et al. (1998; in between their star G and H, which can both be excluded as the infrared counterpart of KS 1731-260; see the I band image). High sensitivity optical spectra are desirable during the quiescent state of KS 1731-260 to confirm this tentative optical identification, to determine the spectral type of the companion star, and to constrain the orbital parameters.
2001-07-26 05:04:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient
2001-07-26
05:04:00
2,015
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71
73
Brightening of WZ Sge
P. Rodriguez-Gil, D. Martinez-Delgado, J. Casares, C. Zurita, I. G. Martinez-Pais, T. Shahbaz; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC)
We report on a sudden brightening of the dwarf nova WZ Sge during decline from outburst (cf. IAUC # 7669 , IAUC # 7670 ). The observations were made with the 0.82-m IAC80 telescope at Teide Observatory (Tenerife, Spain). The object has risen approximately two magnitudes, and CCD photometry gives B=11.33 +/- 0.01 and R=11.09 +/- 0.01 (August 21.875 UT). This "mini-outburst" has occured after a steep dip in brightness and the magnitude seems to shift back to the previous decreasing trend.
2001-08-22 08:53:00
optical,cataclysmic variable,nova,variables
2001-08-22
08:53:00
491
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-0.0274947602301836, -0.009104842320084572, 0.05407487601041794, -5.104451616944061e-8, 0.0013052753638476133, 0.04394271597266197, -0.10294721275568008, 0.05235937982797623, 0.04527067020535469, -0.055224817246198654, 0.010051852092146873, 0.04456282779574394, 0.012411539442837238, 0.015006680972874165, 0.027163736522197723, -0.09984621405601501, 0.021132828667759895, -0.01769631914794445, 0.020638983696699142, -0.011825455352663994, -0.05814607813954353, -0.07458160817623138, -0.015165881253778934, 0.047081589698791504, -0.030550647526979446, 0.06024988740682602, 0.03863236680626869, -0.052497874945402145, -0.024150269106030464, 0.06092197075486183, 0.024416634812951088, 0.14645464718341827, 0.026241062209010124, -0.08901822566986084, -0.002164641860872507, -0.001942193484865129, 0.003618835471570492, -0.0284439567476511, 0.00960327498614788, 0.09637225419282913, -0.06532999873161316, 0.0329764187335968, 0.05732395499944687, 0.08856859058141708, -0.003784453496336937, 0.019752299413084984, 0.015301968902349472, 0.014711207710206509, -0.08966477960348129, 0.0692315548658371, -0.002478554844856262, -0.07269088923931122, 0.056157421320676804, -0.010402504354715347, 0.026945967227220535, -0.008073871955275536, 0.01256289891898632, 0.009698201902210712, -0.11244311928749084, -0.0492517426609993, -0.04978729411959648, -0.02347978763282299, -0.06887522339820862, 0.0059381756000220776, 0.12333203852176666, -0.06884765625, -0.11540082842111588, 0.01553470827639103 ]
72
74
Outburst of the X-ray transient in NGC 6440 and identification of the optical and quiescent X-ray counterparts
Jean in 't Zand (SRON, Utrecht), Dave Pooley and Walter Lewin (MIT), Marten van Kerkwijk and Frank Verbunt (University Utrecht)
We have obtained observations with ESO NTT SUSI2 in B and R and with Chandra ACIS-S of the transient in NGC6440, which is in outburst again since before 2001 Aug 14, as discovered with RXTE ASM (http://xte.mit.edu/asmlc/ASM.html). The Chandra position of the transient coincides with the brightest source (of some 20 detected sources) in our 2000 July 4 Chandra observation, obtained when the transient was not active, and with the optical variable V2 which was active during 1998 August outburst of the transient (In 't Zand et al. 1999, A&A 345, 100; Verbunt et al. 2000, A&A 359, 960). Our optical observations in B show that V2 is bright again, and thus confirm that this variable is the optical counterpart of the transient. We encourage further optical observations. A first analysis of the quiescent Chandra source confirms that its spectrum can be described with that of a neutron star atmosphere (Zavlin et al. 1996 A&A 315, 141), as expected for a soft X-ray transient in quiescence, with the distance and interstellar absorption of NGC6440. A paper describing these results in more detail is in preparation.
2001-08-31 20:24:00
optical,x-ray,binary,globular cluster,neutron star,star,transient,variables
2001-08-31
20:24:00
1,118
[ -0.09479723870754242, -0.04365959390997887, 0.022106952965259552, 0.09219293296337128, 0.012119858525693417, -0.027268102392554283, -0.009906136430799961, 0.04719025641679764, 0.0018883097218349576, 0.015850014984607697, 0.042868711054325104, -0.008170300163328648, 0.016724729910492897, -0.061522141098976135, 0.06699539721012115, -0.02241675928235054, 0.04045839607715607, -0.10569629818201065, 0.02473176270723343, -0.00842520222067833, -0.007472147233784199, 0.04451074078679085, -0.0929681733250618, 0.007961589843034744, 0.065894216299057, 0.053059328347444534, 0.006148004438728094, -0.05098768696188927, 0.09165994077920914, -0.04228713735938072, 0.05764167755842209, 0.06706904619932175, -0.11682504415512085, 0.10597023367881775, -0.01759551465511322, 0.02042282000184059, 0.0026544425636529922, -0.014239441603422165, -0.0037088769022375345, -0.02931959368288517, 0.0352272167801857, -0.05512823909521103, -0.0512554757297039, -0.07099364697933197, -0.03782866522669792, 0.04024675488471985, 0.00601055147126317, -0.06161309406161308, -0.09300883859395981, -0.054358743131160736, 0.02000776305794716, -0.003400820540264249, 0.021569451317191124, -0.010936353355646133, 0.01521855778992176, -0.023568734526634216, 0.0041853333823382854, -0.09370754659175873, 0.10415226221084595, 0.012987532652914524, -0.00045348762068897486, -0.034773923456668854, -0.008305083960294724, -0.016114139929413795, 0.0077837323769927025, 0.020947139710187912, 0.029490066692233086, -0.05592083930969238, 0.029639562591910362, -0.005831078160554171, 0.03284253925085068, 0.06164628267288208, 0.04256365820765495, -0.029825566336512566, 0.01719033159315586, -0.011686930432915688, 0.10110735893249512, 0.015092364512383938, 0.026254771277308464, -0.0762244462966919, 0.09608209133148193, 0.004099000245332718, -0.007396504748612642, -0.019227487966418266, -0.037887293845415115, -0.01132774818688631, -0.0056758145801723, 0.06805039942264557, -0.023876918479800224, 0.0020037677604705095, 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73
75
Infrared Observations of the Neutron Star X-ray Transient KS 1731-260
Jerome A. Orosz (Utrecht University), Charles D. Bailyn and Katie Whitman (Yale University)
We have obtained J-band images of the field of the neutron star X-ray transient KS 1731-260 on July 13, 2001 using the YALO 1m telescope at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory and the ANDICAM optical/IR camera. We compared our image with the J-band image obtained June 1, 1996 with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (Barret, Motch, & Predehl, 1998, A&A, 329, 965). The counterpart suggested by Wijnands et al. (ATEL #72) is the only star in the ROSAT error circle that is significantly variable between the two images. Using the programs DAOPHOT and ALLSTAR (Stetson, 1987, PASP, 99, 191) to compute instrumental magnitudes and the J magnitudes of several field stars given in Barret et al. (1998) to calibrate the zero point, we find J = 17.18 +/- 0.14 for the counterpart in the CFHT image and J = 18.62 +/- 0.21 in the YALO image. Using a distance of 8.3 +/- 0.3 kpc (Smith, Morgan, & Bradt, 1997, ApJ, L137) and a J-band extinction of A_J = 2.0 +/- 0.3 (Barret et al. 1998), we find an absolute J-magnitude of 2.0 +/- 0.4. This is significantly brighter than the absolute J-magnitude of a K or M dwarf (e.g. a K0V star has M_J = 4.5, Allen's Astrophysical Quantities, 4th ed.). We therefore conclude that the companion star is either significantly evolved or that its spectral type is much earlier than K, assuming the accretion disk is faint in the infrared and that there are no other sources of light such as an unresolved field star (which is the case for Aql X-1, Callanan, Filippenko, & Garcia, 1999, IAU Circular #7086; Chevalier et al., 1999, A&A, 347, L51). We thank Christian Motch for providing the archival CFHT data.
2001-09-06 22:54:00
infra-red,optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient,variables
2001-09-06
22:54:00
1,638
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74
76
X-ray Transients in M31
A. Kong, M. Garcia, S. Murray, F. Primini, J. McClintock and R. Di Stefano (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
A bright X-ray transient in M31 was detected in a 5000-sec Chandra ACIS-I observation on 2001 Aug 31.54 UT. The new transient (CXOU J004305.5+411703) is located at R.A. = 00h43m05s.55, Decl = +41o17'03''.3 (equinox 2000.0; based on the aspect solution, with uncertainty of ~1''). The energy spectrum can be fitted with a power-law model with a photon index of 1.5; the 0.5-10 keV luminosity is estimated to be 2.7 x 1038 erg/s (assuming a distance of 780 kpc). There is second transient (CXOU J004242.1+411424) located at R.A. = 00h42m42s.1, Decl = +41o14'24''.7 (equinox 2000.0; with uncertainty of ~1''). This source is not detected below 1 keV, with estimated 0.5-10 keV luminosity of 7 x 1036 erg/s (assuming a power-law spectrum with NH=1021 cm-2 and a photon index of 1.2). Both sources did not show up in the previous Chandra observation on 2001 June 10. Observations of the new X-ray transients at other wavelengths are encouraged. The super-soft transient observed by XMM (XMMU J004308.5+411820, IAUC # 7659 ) in 2001 June is not detected in our observation. The other transient discovered in the June XMM observation (XMMU J004245.2+411721) is only present just above the 2-sigma level at 1036 erg/s (0.5-10 keV; assuming a power-law spectrum with photon index of 1.5), corresponding to an order of magnitude fainter than in 2001 June.
2001-09-13 07:47:00
x-ray,transient
2001-09-13
07:47:00
1,346
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75
77
Outburst of 4U 1608-522 Detected with RXTE/ASM
Robert E. Rutledge (Caltech)
The quicklook data from the RXTE/ASM indicate that the neutron star transient low mass X-ray binary 4U 1608-522 (QX Nor) has left quiecence and begun an X-ray outburst. Two ASM dwells on 2001 Nov 2 11:54-13:30 UT detected the source at 7.9+/-1.5 and 4.5+/-1.9 ASM c/s (1 Crab=73 ASM c/s). Five days later (Nov 7 10:56-10:59), it was again detected in two consecutive dwells, with 50.3+/-2.2 c/s and 48.1+/-2.6 c/s. This is the fourth X-ray outburst of 4U 1608-522 of the RXTE era, including two extended outbursts in which 1608-522 remained detectable in the daily average dwells of the ASM for a few hundred days, following a fast-rise and decay lasting approximately 30 days. The most recent outburst (see Mendez et al 1999 ) occurred Feb-April 1998, during which the X-ray countrate had reached 40 ASM c/s in 4 days after the most recent non-detection, and peaked between day 4.0-5.5. If 4U 1608-522 follows a similar lightcurve during this outburst, it will reach X-ray peak between approximtely Nov 7 10:00 and Nov 8 22:00 UT.
2001-11-08 02:52:00
optical,x-ray,binary,neutron star,star,transient
2001-11-08
02:52:00
1,032
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76
78
Leonid Fireballs 2001
R. J. Nemiroff, D. Perez-Ramirez, W. Pereira, J. B. Rafert, C. Ftaclas (Michigan Tech) & S. Ashe on behalf of the CONCAM team
All four CONCAMs that compose our current global network of continuously operating fisheye CCD cameras have recorded numerous fireballs during the recent peak of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Shower. A preliminary list of fireballs is listed below, each of which received over 10,000 raw counts (uncorrected for zenith angle) during a three minute exposure. This makes each one brighter than approximately visual magnitude -1.5 integrated over one second. Specifically, the CONCAM on Kitt Peak in Arizona recorded fireballs during increasing cirrus clouds on Nov. 18 on frames starting at approximately UT 09:13:13, 09:49:10, 09:57:13 (2 fireballs), 10:05:06, 10:25:07, 10:29:08, 10:33:09, 10:45:03 (2), 10:49:04, 10:53:04, 10:57:05 (2), 11:04:58, 11:12:59, 11:17:00, 11:24:55, 11:28:57, 11:32:57, 11:48:53, 12:24:50, 12:28:53, and 12:32:54. Similarly, the CONCAM on Mauna Kea in Hawaii recorded fireballs in light cirrus on Nov. 18 on frames starting at UT 10:12:57, 12:26:05, 12:30:09, 12:54:22, 14:06:58, 14:11:00, 14:27:08, 14:35:14, 14:43:16, 14:55:27, 15:07:31 (2), 15:15:36 (3), and 15:23:37 (2). The CONCAM on Mt. Wilson in California recorded fireballs, despite significant cirrus clouds, on Nov. 18 starting at UT 10:38:16, 10:50:27, 10:58:30 (2), 11:02:33 (2), 11:06:37, 11:18:41, 11:22:44, 12:03:11, 12:23:23 (3), 12:27:25, 12:47:36, 12:51:40. The CONCAM at Wise Obs. in Israel recorded fireballs despite light cirrus clouds on Nov. 18 on frames starting at UT 21:46:04, 21:53:56; and on Nov. 19 on frames starting at UT 00:03:44, 00:23:24, 00:35:12, 00:43:04, 01:30:16, 02:09:36, 02:17:28, 02:33:12, 03:00:44. Many more meteors were imaged, and more sporadic Leonid fireball activity was seen on other nights. All CONCAMs produce a continuous stream of three-minute exposures from sunset to sunrise, with about 45% dead-time spent on image downloads and dark frame acquisitions. All CONCAM images remain available online at http://concam.net .
2001-11-24 02:02:00
optical,meteor
2001-11-24
02:02:00
1,949
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77
79
X-ray Transients in M31
M. Garcia, A. Kong, F. Primini, J. McClintock, S. Murray, and R. DiStefano; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
On Nov 19, 2001, The Chandra X-ray Observatory surveyed M31 with 5 overlapping very short (1ks) HRC exposures and a single short (5ks) ACIS-S exposure. Preliminary analysis allows us to report the following concerning possible X-ray transients within M31. A new source CXOU J004428.4+415628 (RA=00:44:28.4, DEC=+41:56:28.1, J2000), near the NE spiral arm, is seen in two overlapping HRC exposures. The source has a luminosity of 1.7 x 1037 ergs/sec (emitted over 0.3-7.0 keV, assuming a power-law spectrum with photon index of 2, NH=1021 cm-2, and a distance of 780 kpc) and a rather large error radius of 40'' due to it's large off-axis angle. Nearer to the nucleus two additional new sources are found. The second new source CXO J004251.2+411639 (RA=00:42:51.295, DEC=+41:16:39.88, J2000, error radius 1'' set by absolute aspect uncertainty) was detected at a luminosity of 1.4 x 1036 ergs/sec. The third new source, CXOU J004239.5+411614 (RA=00:42:39.526, DEC=+41:16:14.46, J2000, error radius 1'') was detected at a luminosity of 3.3 x 1037 ergs/sec, with a spectrum well fit with a power law of photon index 2.2 and NH = 3.7 x 1021 cm-2. This source was also seen in a 40ks ACIS-S image on Oct 4, 2001 at LX = 5.0 x 1037 ergs/sec, but was not found in earlier Chandra images, nor was it found by the ROSAT PSPC (Supper etal 2001, A&A 373, 63) or HRI (Primini, Forman & Jones 1993, ApJ 410, 615), but it is within 2'' of source #43 (LX = 3.4 x 1037 ergs/sec) in the Einstein survey of Trinchieri and Fabbiano (1991 ApJ 382, 82). Our new Chandra detection could therefore represent a recurrence of this transient. The bright Chandra transient described in ATEL 76 (Kong etal 2001), CXOU J004305.5+411703, is seen at LX = 1038 ergs/sec in the 5ks ACIS-S image and at 3 x 1038 ergs/sec in the 1ks HRC image, suggesting high variability. The second Chandra transient described in ATEL 76, CXOU J004242.1+411424, is at or below our detection limit of LX = 5 x 1035 ergs/sec on Nov 19, 2001 (assuming the spectral parameters in ATEL 76). CXOM31 J004309.7+411901, at RA=00:43:09.791, DEC=+41:19:01.22 (J2000, error radius ~1'') was previously seen at a luminosity of 0.7 x 1037 ergs/sec in observations during 2000 and early 2001 (Kong etal 2001 in prep). It was also detected by the Einstein Survey (#82), the ROSAT HRI Survey (#75), and the ROSAT PSPC Survey (RX J0043.1+4118) at luminosities ranging from 1 to 8 x 1037 ergs/sec. Supper etal (2001) noted variability between PSPC exposures of a factor of 5. Surprisingly, two recent observations show this persistent source in a very dim state: On Aug 31, 2001 we marginally detected the source in a 5 ks ACIS-I observation at 7 x 1035 ergs/sec, and on Oct 4, 2001 we clearly detected it in a 40 ks ACIS-S observation at 9 x 1035 ergs/sec. (The two observations are consistent with a steady source at LX = 8 x 1035 ergs/sec.) Our most recent observations of Nov 19, 2001 show that it has re-brightened to LX = 4.6 x 1037 ergs/sec. The spectrum during this observation can be well fit by a power law with slope = 1.9 and NH = 3.3 x 1021. The large variability implied by the Chandra and previous observations (factor of ~100) qualify this source as a probable transient.
2001-12-11 04:41:00
x-ray,black hole,neutron star,star,transient
2001-12-11
04:41:00
3,221
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78
80
MCQC J162847-4152 - a Possible Brightest Microquasar found
G. S. Tsarevsky (ATNF, Sydney, & ASC, Moscow), N. S. Kardashev (ASC), R. A. Stathakis (AAO, Sydney), O. B. Slee (ATNF), R. Ojha (ATNF)
MCQC J162847-4152 is one of 40 objects found in the course of our systematic and complete survey for new microquasars in the whole Galactic plane (see project description in astro-ph/0110511). It is optically brightest and mostly definite microquasar candidate in the list, which we describe as follows: 1) It is a bright ROSAT source, 1RXS J162848.1-415241, in the Galactic plane (b=4.7deg), with a hard X-ray spectrum (HR1 = 1.00+/-0.04), which is characteristic of X-ray binaries (Motch et al., AAS 132, 341, 1998). 2) It was detected at 4.8 and 8.6 GHz by the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in October 2000 as a ~7 mJy flat spectrum radio source with an unresolved core, but with no conclusive evidence for the presence of a jet on an arcsec scale. 3) Using precision radio coordinates, MCQC J1628-4152 was identified with a relatively bright star-like object as follows:
2001-12-11 18:19:00
radio,millimeter,infra-red,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient,variables,request for observations
2001-12-11
18:19:00
885
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79
81
X-ray Absorption Lines in the Galactic Black Hole Candidate XTE J1650-500
Jon Miller (MIT), Rudy Wijnands (MIT), Patrick Wojdowski (MIT), Paul Groot (CfA), Andrew Fabian (Cambridge), Michiel van der Klis (Amsterdam), and Walter Lewin (MIT), on behalf of a larger collaboration
We report the first convincing detection of narrow features in the grating-resolution X-ray spectrum of a transient low-mass X-ray binary and Galactic black hole candidate. XTE J1650-500 was discovered by Remillard (2001, IAU Circ. 7707) with the All Sky Monitor aboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), and identified as a black hole candidate due to its hard spectrum. Our observations of the source throughout its fall-winter 2001 outburst with the RXTE Proportional Counter Array (PCA) reveal spectra and rapid variability consistent with Galactic systems dynamically constrained to have black hole primaries. Optical observations revealed spectra consistent with a low-mass donor star (Augusteijn, Coe, & Groot 2001, IAU Circ. 7710). We observed XTE J1650-500 with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) twice during the "high/soft" state, at flux levels of approximately 0.40 and 0.25 Crab (1.5-12 keV). Each observation was 30 ksec in duration, and the 0.5-10.0 keV energy spectrum was strongly dominated by a soft thermal component with kT=0.5-0.7 keV. A Ne IX resonance line and a transition from an Fe XVIII multiplet are clearly detected in absorption in both spectra, in addition to a myriad of lines of lower intensity which seem to be present. To view a figure illustrating these lines, please see http://space.mit.edu/~jmm/1650lines.ps. The expected strength of the Fe L1 edge near the Fe XVIII line is negligible compared to the strength of the line. The neutral Ne K edge from the ISM seen in the spectra is consistent with solar abundances. The spectra were fit locally with power-law continua and the lines were fit with simple Gaussians. The F-statistic probability that the Ne IX R line in the first observation is due to random fluctuations is P = 7 E-3; for the Fe XVIII line in the first observation and both lines in the second observation, P is less than 1 E-8. For a variety of spectral forms incident on a nebula, Kallman & McCray (1982, ApJS, 50, 263) have calculated the temperature at which line features from the irradiated gas will be strongest (assuming a gas in photoionization equilibrium). This work indicates that the Ne IX R and Fe XVIII lines we have observed are likely due to a gas with log(T) = 5.0-5.5 K -- nearly two orders of magnitude below the inner disk temperature as measured from the dominant thermal continuum spectral component. These lines are resolved, and show small net red-shifts of 140-300 +/- 50 km/s and FWHM velocity widths between 300-600 +/- 100 km/s. It is possible that these lines represent absorption in an ionized accretion disk atmosphere or accretion disk wind. Previous observations of transient Galactic black holes with low-mass companions with Chandra and XMM-Newton have not clearly revealed line features; in many cases this has been due to limited statistics. The lines we report here (and weaker lines to be reported in detail in forthcoming work) underscore the promise of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy for revealing the accretion environment in such systems. We acknowledge Harvey Tananbaum and Jean Swank for executing our target-of-opportunity programs, and assistance from the CXC ISIS team.
2002-01-16 06:44:00
optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,star,transient
2002-01-16
06:44:00
3,217
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80
82
X-ray Transients in M31
M. R. Garcia, A. K.H. Kong, J. E. McClintock, F. A. Primini, P. Kaaret and S. S. Murray (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
Chandra observations on Jan 16, 2002 surveyed M31 with a series of 5 short (1ks) HRC images. Preliminary analysis yields the following info on new transients and highly variable sources: A new source CXOU J004307.0+411809 (RA=00h43m07s.099, DEC=+41o18'09".95, +/- 1", J2000) is discovered at a luminosity of 2.7 x 1037 ergs/sec (emitted over 0.3-7.0 keV, assuming a power-law spectrum with photon index=2 and NH = 1021 cm-2 at a distance of 780 kpc). It was also present (but unnoticed) at lower luminosities in several earlier exposures. The first of these was a 40ks ACIS-S exposure on October 5, 2001, when it had a luminosity of 5 x 1035 ergs/sec. The second was a 50ks HRC-I exposure on November 1, 2001, when it had a luminosity of 2 x 1036 ergs/sec. However, the source was not detected during 1999-2001 in the 40ks exposure merged from snapshots taken during 1999 through 2001 (Kong atel astrop-ph/0202065), nor is it seen in either of the XMM exposures taken during June 2000 and December 2000. These non-detections imply upper limits of ~2 x 1035 ergs/sec (Chandra) and ~6 x 1035 ergs/sec (XMM). The supersoft transient discovered in XMM observations on Jan 5, 2002 (XMMU J004414.0+412204, Trudolyubov etal 2002, IAUC 7798 ) is also found as a new source in an ACIS-S image from Jan 8, 2002 as CXOU J004414.3+412205 (RA=00h44m14s.3, DEC=+41o22'05" +/- 3"). We confirm the supersoft nature of the transient and measure a thermal temperature of 40 +/- 10 eV and a detected luminosity of ~5 x 1036 ergs/sec (0.3-1.5 keV). This source may be marginally detected in the HRC images from Jan 16, 2002 at a similar luminosity. This source is not within the FOV of the merged snapshots mentioned above, but it's non detection in the ROSAT PSPC survey (Supper etal 2001) indicates a previous upper limit of ~5 x 1035 ergs/sec. The bright Chandra transient described in ATEL 76 (Kong etal 2001), CXOU J004305.5+411703, is much fainter. This was seen at 3 x 1038 ergs/sec (0.3-7.0 keV) in an HRC image from Nov 19, 2001 (ATEL 79, Garcia etal 2002), but is 10x fainter at 1.3 x 1037 ergs/sec in the Jan 16, 2002 HRC data. The luminosity indicated by the Jan 8, 2000 ACIS-I exposure is 2.5 x 1037 ergs/sec. The spectrum on Jan 8 is well fit by a power law with photon index=2.7 +/- 0.3 and NH = 2 +/-1 x 1021cm-2.
2002-02-09 05:59:00
x-ray,black hole,neutron star,star,transient,variables
2002-02-09
05:59:00
2,312
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81
83
Aquila X-1 Outburst
J. H. Swank, E. A. Smith (GSFC)
RXTE observations indicate that Aquila X-1 has begun an X-ray outburst. The ASM reported a level of 33 mCrab during the period 2002 Feb 12-15. On Feb 15.6 UT the flux began a rise at the rate of 8.3 ASM counts/s (112 mCrab) per day. The PCA observed a rise from 75 to 120 mCrab Feb 16.03-16.25. One X-Ray burst was observed at the level of 1 Crab. Additional RXTE observations are scheduled.
2002-02-17 05:53:00
x-ray,binary,transient
2002-02-17
05:53:00
391
[ -0.012254253029823303, -0.04343061521649361, 0.030160199850797653, 0.02837904542684555, 0.008768982253968716, -0.040337465703487396, -0.012545286677777767, 0.09162082523107529, -0.012821434997022152, 0.006855209358036518, -0.03315895423293114, -0.027732450515031815, 0.10279173403978348, -0.002883243141695857, -0.04687061533331871, 0.04846060648560524, 0.014134830795228481, -0.12942077219486237, 0.031288858503103256, 0.055956028401851654, -0.03583339974284172, 0.006287315394729376, -0.05387059226632118, 0.011947641149163246, -0.03558369725942612, 0.0016857741866260767, -0.03976370394229889, -0.08429354429244995, -0.034626152366399765, -0.051026348024606705, -0.005405777599662542, 0.07537300884723663, 0.017786888405680656, 0.011653952300548553, 0.04813221096992493, 0.023580016568303108, -0.006798408459872007, -0.005969692021608353, -0.07664804905653, 0.04339687526226044, -0.022104434669017792, 0.007265171967446804, 0.054040875285863876, 0.005252538248896599, -0.03698583319783211, 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82
84
A search for the optical counterpart of SAX J1805.5-2031
C. R. Powell, A. J. Norton, C. A. Haswell (Open University), S. T. Hodgkin (Cambridge)
The X-ray transient SAX J1805.5-2031 was reported in IAUC # 7843 on 6 March 2002, with R.A. = 18h05m34s, Decl. = -20o30'.8 (equinox 2000), uncertainty 1'.8. We took CCD photometry of this region in R, V, and B on 2002 March 8 around 06:00 UT, and March 9 between 05:20 and 06:30 UT, with the Jacobus Kaptyn Telescope. No objects were significantly brighter than they appeared on the Digitized Sky Survey. Reliable differential photometry was derived for 503 stars in the three bands. No significant variability was detected between the two nights in either B or R. A plot of B-V against R magnitudes failed to reveal any anomalously blue candidates, and none of the red outliers gave indication of variability. An image of the field and B, V, and R magnitudes of the 503 stars are available at http://physics.open.ac.uk/~crpowell/J18055-2031.html .
2002-03-23 00:45:00
optical,x-ray,binary,star,transient,variables,a comment
2002-03-23
00:45:00
850
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83
85
Outburst of GX 339-4
D. M. Smith (Space Sciences Laboratory, U. C. Berkeley), J. H. Swank (NASA/Goddard), W. A. Heindl (Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, U. C. San Diego), and R. A. Remillard (MIT)
Observations with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) show that the suspected black-hole binary GX 339-4 has become active after three years in quiescence. At 15:30 UT on 3/26/02, the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) measured an unabsorbed flux of 9.4 x 10^-11 ergs/cm2/s from 2-10 keV, about an order of magnitude higher than the upper limits which had been detected in a year of previous weekly monitoring. At this time the spectrum was well fit by a power-law of index 1.9 +/- 0.5 and an absorption column nH of 2.8 +/- 0.6 x 10^22 /cm2. At 14:30 UT on 4/2/02, the source was more than an order of magnitude brighter, 1.4 x 10^-9 ergs/cm2/s at 2-10 keV, with a power-law index of 1.56 +/- 0.01 and absorption column of 0.89 +/- 0.18 x 10^22 /cm2. The All-Sky Monitor (ASM) on RXTE reported the source as active at 13:10 UT on 4/3/02, with an average rate of 4.7 cts/s. Further RXTE observations are in progress. Multiwavelength observations are requested, particularly monitoring of radio emission associated with jet ejections, but also IR/optical observations of the rapidly evolving accretion disk.
2002-04-04 03:42:00
radio,infra-red,optical,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2002-04-04
03:42:00
1,109
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-0.049205295741558075, -0.05671188235282898, -0.014083771035075188, 0.026543255895376205, -0.1172800287604332, 0.02917490154504776, -0.06438276171684265, -0.09147241711616516, -0.010797295719385147, -0.002177303656935692, 0.00841349083930254, -0.022254688665270805, -0.049087245017290115, -0.03418548032641411, -0.10009855031967163, -0.053730860352516174, -0.0931653082370758, 0.0029084032867103815, -0.043539177626371384, -0.03480343148112297, 0.018517764285206795, -0.09906516969203949, -0.11736398935317993, -0.053329240530729294 ]
84
86
Search for an Optical Counterpart of XTE J1908+094
R. M. Wagner (LBTO) and S. Starrfield (ASU)
We obtained R-band imagery of the X-ray error box of the black hole candidate XTE J1908+094 (IAUC # 7856 , # 7861 , and # 7873 ) on 2002 April 11.44 UT with the Hiltner 2.4-m telescope and 8K CCD camera at the MDM Observatory on Kitt Peak. At the location of the possible radio counterpart reported by Rupen, Dhawn, and Mioduszewski (IAUC # 7874 ), we do not find an optical counterpart brighter than R ~ 23. A R ~ 20 mag star (RA = 09:08:52.75, DEC = +09:23:03.9, J2000) lies 4.8 arcsec west and 1.0 arcsec south of the radio position. Further observations will be useful, particularly at infrared wavelengths.
2002-04-13 15:30:00
radio,infra-red,optical,x-ray,black hole,cataclysmic variable,neutron star,star,transient,variables
2002-04-13
15:30:00
611
[ -0.02529112622141838, -0.030051052570343018, -0.03931692987680435, 0.030406488105654716, 0.03921037167310715, -0.02119682915508747, 0.009844131767749786, 0.09215547144412994, -0.03967232257127762, -0.03835679218173027, -0.08075720071792603, -0.02530992589890957, 0.04177670553326607, -0.03080098144710064, -0.006410629954189062, -0.03513218089938164, 0.05844676122069359, -0.044897470623254776, 0.05658804252743721, 0.029509155079722404, -0.0024157308507710695, 0.04107661917805672, 0.03862905874848366, -0.03437042608857155, 0.039050158113241196, -0.04972962290048599, 0.01699947752058506, -0.11590506136417389, -0.04697975143790245, -0.0251294057816267, 0.030768558382987976, 0.02407989092171192, -0.03153180330991745, 0.020765844732522964, 0.030309708788990974, 0.005099565256386995, 0.08951465040445328, -0.027834709733724594, 0.0008283572969958186, -0.01627320982515812, -0.03091016225516796, -0.001920617651194334, 0.021187296137213707, -0.04547125846147537, -0.10707327723503113, 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-0.038023874163627625, 0.03344307467341423, 0.006360654719173908, -0.08284878730773926, 0.02268795110285282, -0.04725908488035202, -0.09875070303678513, -0.040588557720184326, -0.06989049911499023, -0.00950233917683363, 0.0396588072180748, -0.02470669522881508, -0.15472087264060974, -0.07355661690235138, -0.012767615728080273, 0.01576380617916584, -0.028938211500644684, -0.03071173094213009, 0.021574845537543297, 0.06701657921075821, -0.06980464607477188, -0.10713938623666763, -0.026202553883194923 ]
85
87
Optical Counterpart of the Millisecond Pulsar XTE J1751-305
A. K.H. Kong, P. Challis, M. R. Garcia and R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
We have obtained I-band images for the new accreting millisecond pulsar XTE J1751-305 (IAUC# 7867 ,# 7870 ,# 7872 ,# 7874 ,# 7876 ) with the 6.5-m Baade telescope and the MagIC CCD camera at the Las Campanas Observatory on 2002 April 14. At the position of the possible infrared counterpart (IAUC# 7874 ), we found no optical sources to a limiting magnitude of I = 22.5. A possible optical counterpart with I = 19.6 +/- 0.1 is found at R.A.=17h51m13s.53, Dec=-30d37'23".8 (J2000, 0.2" uncertainty); it is 0.7" and 0.9" from the infrared and Chandra positions, respectively. Comparing to a Sloan i'-band image taken on 2002 April 13, no significant variation is found from differential photometry. Further observations to search for variability, particularly the 42-min orbital period are desirable to confirm this tentative optical identification.
2002-04-17 10:07:00
radio,infra-red,optical,x-ray,binary,pulsar,transient
2002-04-17
10:07:00
847
[ -0.08753693848848343, -0.07123256474733353, -0.07313448935747147, -0.0014063885901123285, -0.008291405625641346, -0.09202232956886292, 0.03548626974225044, 0.03531193360686302, -0.010304002091288567, -0.002553325379267335, 0.02131771482527256, -0.0883287563920021, -0.04082992300391197, -0.05591767281293869, 0.040244393050670624, 0.008803512901067734, 0.015152267180383205, -0.03543791547417641, 0.04036920890212059, 0.10429224371910095, -0.025112789124250412, 0.028545279055833817, -0.0199968870729208, 0.033115167170763016, -0.012006115168333054, -0.04063580930233002, -0.020452281460165977, -0.07141855359077454, 0.010248132981359959, -0.051220718771219254, 0.03999656066298485, 0.030889518558979034, -0.03509603813290596, 0.00839677732437849, 0.07583796232938766, -0.07319404184818268, 0.0584573931992054, -0.040331631898880005, 0.004613274708390236, 0.0040816632099449635, -0.003177907085046172, -0.0032793886493891478, 0.06752346456050873, -0.00432185735553503, -0.04771873727440834, 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86
88
XTE J1901+014: a new, fast X-ray transient
Ron Remillard (M. I.T.) and Don Smith (U. Michigan)
The RXTE All-Sky Monitor has discovered a fast X-ray transient that was initially thought to be a gamma ray burst, reported on the GCN network as GRB020406. The event began on 2002 April 6.76268, lasting more than 2 min and less than 3.15 hr, with a peak flux of 0.9 Crab (2-12 keV). (see http://xte.mit.edu/xtej1901+104 ). The ASM data show rapid evolution to a very hard spectrum during this outburst, but the IPN instruments failed to detect the source above 15 keV (K. Hurley, private communication). Furthermore, archival ASM data show a previous outburst at the same position on 1997 June 21.215, which was longer than 6 min and less than 8 hr, with a peak flux of 0.4 Crab. The combined ASM observations yield a best position: R.A. = 19h01m36s, Decl. = +1 26'.4 (equinox J2000.0; estimated 3' uncertainty in R.A. and 2' uncertainty in Decl.). The error box contains one very faint, unidentified X-ray source from the Einstein Galactic Plane Survey: 2E1859.1+0122 (J2000 R.A. = 19h01m40.2s, Decl. = +1 27' 13''; error radius 48''; Hertz and Grindlay 1988, AJ, 96, 233). The time scale for these eruptions are reminiscent of the microquasar and black hole binary V4641 Sgr, so we strongly encourage optical and radio observations of XTE J1901+014.
2002-04-18 02:50:00
radio,optical,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,gamma-ray burst,transient
2002-04-18
02:50:00
1,252
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87
89
XTE J1901+014 is 1RXS J190141.0+012618 ?
Rudy Wijnands (MIT)
Using the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Source Catalogue, it was found that the ROSAT source 1RXS J190141.0+012618 is located in the RXTE/ASM error box of XTE J1901+014 (ATEL 88) and at the edge of the Einstein error circle. The PSPC position listed in the Catalogue is 19h01m41.0s, +1 26' 18" (1 sigma error radius of 12") and the PSPC count rate of the source was 0.17+/-0.02 counts/s (0.1-2.4 keV). During a pointed ROSAT/HRI observation performed on 1994 October 3 the source was also detected. However, examining the raw data, the position of the source appears to be slightly offset from the PSPC position (the tentative HRI position is 19h01m40.1s, +1 26' 30" with an error radius of 10"). The ROSAT source 1 RXS J190141.0+012618 could be the quiescent (non-flaring) X-ray counterpart of XTE J1901+014. Observations at all wavelengths are encouraged to confirm the association of 1RXS J190141.0+012618 with XTE J1901+014 and to determine the nature of this object.
2002-04-18 05:52:00
x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2002-04-18
05:52:00
962
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88
90
The XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn Spectrum of the Millisecond X-ray Pulsar XTE J1751-305 in Outburst
Jon M. Miller (MIT), Eckhard Kendziorra (Tuebingen Univ.), Marcus Kirsch (SOC/ESA), Rudy Wijnands (MIT), Mariano Mendez (SRON), Michael Nowak (MIT), Bryan Gaensler (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA), Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), and Walter H. G. Lewin (MIT)
We have performed a preliminary analysis of the XMM-Newton/EPIC-pn spectrum of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar XTE J1751-305 (Markwardt and Swank, 2002, and in't Zand et al. 2002, IAUC 7867 ; Ehle et al. 2002, IAUC 7872 ; Markwardt and Swank, 2002, IAUC 7876 ). The observation started on 2002 April 07.54 and lasted for 34.2 ksec, and represents the first outburst spectrum from such a source at CCD resolution. The 0.3-10.0 keV spectrum is well-described by black-body and power-law components, modified by photoelectric absorption in the ISM (with elemental abundances consistent with solar). We measure a 0.3-10.0 keV unabsorbed flux of 7.0 +/- 0.1 E-10 erg cm^-2 s^-1; 83% of the flux in this band is due to the hard power-law component. The equivalent neutral hydrogen column density is 0.99 +/- 0.01 E+22 atoms cm^-2. The black-body temperature is: kT = 1.06 +/- 0.01 keV, and the power-law index is: Gamma = 1.45 +/- 0.01. The normalization of the blackbody component gives an emitting radius: R = (D / 10 kpc) * 2.93 +/- 0.07 km. This radius may imply that the the emission region is a hot spot on the neutron star surface; however, the model is overly simple and we approach this interpretation with caution. (All errors are 90% confidence limits.) We note broad deviations below 0.6 keV which appear as absorption. At present, it is unclear if this represents real, unresolved absorption or a defect in the instrumental response. The deviations are not removed by requiring enhanced elemental abundances in the photoelectric absorption model. Over the 0.3-10 keV band, we obtain a chi^2 fit statistic of 2771 for 1941 degrees of freedom; considering only the 0.6-10.0 keV band yields a chi^2 value of 2085 for 1883 degrees of freedom and component parameters are essentially unchanged. A plot from our analysis may be obtained at: http://space.mit.edu/~jmm/xtej1751-305.ps
2002-04-27 03:33:00
x-ray,binary,neutron star,pulsar,star,transient
2002-04-27
03:33:00
1,893
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89
91
The XMM-Newton/RGS Spectra of the Millisecond X-ray Pulsar XTE J1751-305 in Outburst
Jon M. Miller (MIT), Mariano Mendez (SRON), Michiel van der Klis (Univ. Amsterdam), Rudy Wijnands (MIT), Rosario Gonzalez Riestra (SOC/ESA), Michael Nowak (MIT), Bryan Gaensler (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA), Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), and Walter H . G. Lewin (MIT)
We have performed a preliminary analysis of the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) spectra of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar XTE J1751-305 (Markwardt and Swank, 2002, and in't Zand et al. 2002, IAUC 7867 ; Ehle et al. 2002, IAUC 7872 ; Markwardt and Swank, 2002, IAUC 7876 , Miller et al., 2002, ATEL 90). The observation started on 2002 April 07.52 and lasted for 36.0 ksec; these X-ray spectra represent the first to be obtained from such a source in outburst with a dispersive spectrometer. Herein we report on the time-averaged first-order spectra. The RGS-1 and RGS-2 spectra are strongly truncated below approximately 0.8 keV (wavelengths longer than 15 Angstroms) due to absorption in the ISM. To examine the spectra in fine detail, we considered the first-order RGS-1 and RGS-2 spectra jointly in 3-Angstrom slices: 6-9 Angstroms, 9-12 Angstroms, and 12-15 Angstroms using local single-component models with ISM absorption edges fixed at solar values to characterize the continuum. Plots from this analysis may be obtained at: http://space.mit.edu/~jmm/xtej1751_12-15.ps, http://space.mit.edu/~jmm/xtej1751_9-12.ps, http://space.mit.edu/~jmm/xtej1751_6-9.ps. With the requirement that any real emission or absorption lines be observed in both the RGS-1 and RGS-2 spectra, we find no evidence for strong spectral lines in the time-averaged dispersed spectra (dips or line-like features or breaks in the model are instrumental). Considering these results with those from the EPIC-pn (Miller et al., 2002, ATEL 90), we can compare XTE J1751-305 to similar systems: Asai et al. (2000, ApJS, 131, 571) report the detection of an Fe K line in the ASCA/GIS spectrum of the ultra-compact binary 4U 1820-30 (E = 6.6 +/- 0.1 keV, FWHM = 0.7 +0.2 -0.5 keV, EW = 31 +12 -11 eV). At this centroid energy, the 95% confidence upper-limit on a line with similar FWHM in the time-averaged EPIC-pn spectrum of XTE J1751-305 is only 6 eV. At 42 minutes, the orbital period of the X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1626-67 is the same as for XTE J1751-305. Schulz et al. (2001, ApJ, 5363, 941) find strong, broadened emission lines from Ne IX and Ne X in a Chandra HETGS spectrum of 4U 1626-67 (for Ne X at 12.13 Angstroms: FHWM = 2860 +/- 330 km/s, Flux = 8.15 +/- 0.93 E-5 ph cm^-2 s^-1). Assuming a line with similar width within 0.1 Angstroms of 12.13 A, the 95% confidence upper-limit on the flux from a Ne X emission line in the time-average RGS spectra of XTE J1751-305 is 8.8 E-5 ph cm^-2 s^-1, but such a feature is only suggested at the 2.6 sigma level of confidence in XTE J1751-305. Previous studies have found that Ne may be over-abundant in 4U 0614+091 (Juett et al., 2001, ApJ, 560, L59) and 4U 1626-67 (Schulz et al., 2001). The 95% confidence upper-limit on the abundance of Ne in the time-averaged RGS spectra indicates that Ne is 23% under-abundant in this system [we have assumed a solar abundance relative to hydrogen as per Morrison and McCammon (1983, ApJ, 270, 119) and cross-sections as per Verner et al. (1993, ADNDT, 55, 233)]. Miller notes that ATEL 90 should have included Michiel van der Klis (Univ. Amsterdam) in the author list.
2002-05-01 03:55:00
x-ray,binary,neutron star,pulsar,star,transient
2002-05-01
03:55:00
3,165
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90
92
XTE J0929-314: a faint X-ray transient
Ron Remillard (M. I.T.) and RXTE ASM Team (M. I.T and GSFC)
XTE J0929-314: a faint X-ray transient The RXTE All-Sky Monitor has detected a faint X-ray transient at R.A. = 09h29m22s, Decl. = -31 22'.8 (equinox J2000.0; estimated 3' uncertainty at 90% confidence). The source is visible in sky maps computed from 6-day intervals of ASM data. The average flux (2-12 keV) was 15 +- 2 mCrab during 2002 April 13-18, inclusive, rising to 20 +- 2 mCrab (April 19-24), and 26 +- 1 mCrab (April 25-30). The error circle does not contain any noteworthy sources in the Simbad catalogs. The ASM hardness ratios suggest an X-ray spectrum similar to transients associated with weakly magnetic neutron stars or some black hole systems. We encourage optical and radio observations of this new transient.
2002-05-01 04:16:00
radio,optical,x-ray,black hole,neutron star,star,transient
2002-05-01
04:16:00
727
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91
93
Identification of the optical counterpart of 1RXS J190141.0+012618 and a search for the optical counterpart of XTE J1901+014
C. R.Powell, A. J. Norton, C. A. Haswell, S. D.Wolters, S. F. Green (Open University), L. Morales-Rueda, P. A. Charles (Southampton University), H. Worters (ING)
The RXTE error circle of X-ray transient XTE J1901+014, reported in IAUC # 7880 , includes the much smaller error circle of ROSAT source 1RXS J190141.0+012618, HRI position 19h01m40.1s, +1 26' 30" (J2000) uncertainty 10" (ATEL #89). We obtained Jacobus Kaptyn Telescope B, V, R, I images of the field on 2002 April 18 04:15 - 04:30, the same filters at the IAC80 Telescope (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Tenerife) on the same night 04:30 - 04:50, and R on the JKT on 2002 April 28 04:45. We find a source at 19h01m39.90s, +01 26' 39.2", coincident with the HRI position, with V=18.72, B-V=2.44, V-R=-0.93, R-I=1.64. The V magnitude is calibrated against the Guide Star Catalog owing to lack of standard observations. Plots of B-V vs. R and B-R vs. I show this to be the only significantly blue object in the field. No variability was detected, so we cannot confirm identification with the RXTE object, nor find an alternative candidate, and no objects were visibly different from the Digitised Sky Survey. Photometry of JKT20020418 for 354 objects is tabulated at http://physics.open.ac.uk/~crpowell/J1901_014/JKT20020418BVRI.html . The candidate is star #346, ordered by I magnitude, and is indicated by the purple cross on the image at http://physics.open.ac.uk/~crpowell/J1901_014/JKT20020418.html .
2002-05-10 20:43:00
infra-red,optical,x-ray,binary,star,transient,variables,a comment
2002-05-10
20:43:00
1,311
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92
94
Black-Hole Candidate 1E 1740.7-2942 Enters a Faint Soft State
D. M. Smith, Space Sciences Laboratory, U. C. Berkeley; W. A. Heindl, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, U. C. San Diego; C. B. Markwardt and J. H. Swank, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Frequent x-ray monitoring of the black-hole candidate 1E 1740.7-2942 near the Galactic Center with the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on RXTE shows that it has faded and softened dramatically over the last month, entering a state similar to that shown by the only other persistently active "microquasar" in the Galactic bulge, GRS 1758-258, last year (ATEL #66; also Smith et al. 2001, ApJ 554, L41). The flux above 10 keV has dropped by an order of magnitude below anything seen since PCA monitoring started in 1996 (see the figure linked below). Recent spectral fits to a power law plus a disk blackbody show that the latter dominates the overall luminosity (when corrected for absorption). This is the first observation of a disk-dominated spectrum in this system. There are several faint, highly absorbed IR candidates for the companion of this source (Marti et al. 2000 A&A 363, 184; Eikenberry et al. 2001 ApJ 556, 1). Deep observations of this field to look for changes in any of the sources could help identify the counterpart. In addition, x-ray and radio observations of the current state are strongly encouraged. Observers should feel free to contact the lead author for updates on the state of the source. As in the transition seen in GRS 1758-258, the soft spectrum appears while the source is dim and fading, in contrast to the standard picture where the hard state is at low accretion rates and the soft state is seen at higher luminosity. We continue to interpret such behavior as a "dynamical" soft state, an intrinsically temporary condition caused by the shutoff of accretion material to two simultaneous flows: a standard thin disk and a hot halo/corona flow. The transition to the soft state occurs because the hot flow accretes away immediately while material in the disk can only drain away on the viscous timescale (weeks). Indeed, as predicted in ATEL #66, the soft spectrum of GRS 1758-258 showed an exponential decay with a timescale of about a month after the transition. The shutoff of the hot flow has been less complete and sudden in this case (see the enclosed figure and also Smith et al. 2001 for comparison).
2002-05-21 01:02:00
radio,x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole
2002-05-21
01:02:00
2,148
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93
95
State Changes in GX 339-4
D. M. Smith, Space Sciences Laboratory, U. C. Berkeley; T. Belloni, Brera Observatory, Italy; W. A. Heindl and E. Kalemci, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, U. C. San Diego; R. Remillard and M. Nowak, MIT; J. H. Swank, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; and S. Corbel, Universite Paris VII and CEA Saclay
Using recent data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, we find that the black hole candidate GX 339-4, in outburst since March 26 (see ATEL #85), entered the Very High State (VHS) around May 6, a rare state of x-ray emission last seen in this object in 1988 (Miyamoto et al. 1991, ApJ 383, 784). The VHS may be the same as the "Intermediate State" (IS) identified by some authors. The energy spectrum is roughly consistent with the sum of a power law of photon index -2.5 and a disk blackbody with maximum temperature 1 keV. The contribution of the thermal component has been increasing: the 2-50 keV luminosity of 2x10-8 ergs/cm2/s was equally split between these components on May 16, with the thermal component carrying about 2/3 of the luminosity by May 18. The power spectrum from May 6-16, similar to the 1988 Ginga observations, showed flat-topped noise with a break around 1 Hz and a strong quasi-periodic oscillation that moved from 0.6 to 9 Hz as the state has evolved. The most recent observations have shown a greater variety of behavior, including a strong amount of red noise in one observation on May 17 and a short pointing on May 18 which showed almost no variability at all (rms 1.7%). This may indicate that the state has left the VHS/IS entirely and entered the high/soft state (HS), or it may simply be part of the unpredictable shifts in behavior which often characterize the VHS. Prompt observations at all wavelengths are encouraged, whether the current state is still VHS or is now HS. Since the VHS in other black-hole candidates has show a wide range of behaviors, frequent observing could be very rewarding.
2002-05-21 02:20:00
x-ray,gamma ray,binary,black hole,transient
2002-05-21
02:20:00
1,639
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94
96
HEGRA detects TeV flare from 1ES1959+650
D. Horns, A. Konopelko (Max-Planck Institut f. Kernphysik, Heidelberg)
Initiated by IAUC # 7903 , the outburst of the nearby BL Lacertae object 1ES1959+650 (z=0.048) has been detected during May 17-21 (MJD 52411-52415) with the HEGRA system of Cherenkov telescopes on La Palma of Canary Islands. During the observation time, the overall flux above 1 TeV (2.4*10^{26} Hz) increased from (1+/-0.5)*10^{-11}ph/cm^2/s to a peak value of (3.5+/-0.4)*10^{-11} ph/cm^2/s in the night on May 19 (MJD 52413.1-52413.2). Within the individual nights, a flux increase with a doubling time of less than one hour has been observed. Observations in other wavelengths are encouraged. HEGRA will continue observations on June 2 (MJD 52427) with a daily monitoring.
2002-05-22 23:22:00
tev,agn
2002-05-22
23:22:00
677
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95
97
X-ray Transients in M31
A. K.H. Kong, M. R. Garcia, F. A. Primini, J. E. McClintock and S. S. Murray (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)
A bright X-ray transient was detected by Chandra on 2002 June 2 with a series of 5 HRC-I snapshots. The new source CXOU J004154.6+405648 (R.A.=00h41m54s.64, Dec.=+40d56m48s.0, +/- 1", J2000) is discovered at a luminosity (0.3-10 keV) of 1.5 x 1038 erg/s (assuming an absorbed power-law model with photon index = 2 and NH = 1021 cm-2 at a distance of 780 kpc). It was not detected in previous HRC and ACIS images taken between 1999 and 2002. In a merged 38ks ACIS-S image of this region, we derived a 3-sigma detection limit of 1.5 x 1035 erg/s. A ROSAT source (1RXS J004154.1+405648) in the ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue (1-sigma error circle of 13") is found within 10" from this new transient. Using the count rate of the ROSAT source, we derived a luminosity of 5 x 1037 erg/s. However, this source is not listed in the M31 PSPC catalogs (Supper et al. 1997,2001) that used data after the all-sky survey. If this new transient is indeed associated with the ROSAT source observed in 1991 then it joins the small but growing list of recurrent transients found in M31. The recurrent transient CXOM31 J004309.8+411901 (source r3-16 in Kong et al. 2002; astro-ph/0203243) described in ATEL#79 was also observed by Chandra ACIS-I on 2002 June 3. It was seen at 4 x 1037 erg/s in 2002 January, but is about 20 times fainter at 2 x 1036 erg/s in the 2002 June data.
2002-06-07 02:38:00
x-ray,binary,black hole,neutron star,star,transient
2002-06-07
02:38:00
1,361
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-0.06681111454963684, -0.015475504100322723, 0.035703472793102264, 0.029996449127793312, -0.05298476293683052, 0.07652003318071365, 0.0007942872471176088, -0.10588634759187698, -0.0006078174337744713, 0.012855715118348598, 0.009144118055701256, 0.008119752630591393, -0.029631948098540306, -0.12914526462554932, -0.10393054038286209, -0.04668327793478966, -0.006163179874420166, -0.041140180081129074, -0.031015479937195778, -0.027143659070134163, 0.14672954380512238, -0.07674923539161682, -0.10944687575101852, 0.0036437830422073603 ]
96
98
Bright X-ray Outburst of the Black Hole Candidate 4U 1543-47
J. M. Miller and R. A. Remillard (MIT)
On behalf of the RXTE ASM Team at M.I.T. and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, we report the detection of a new X-ray outburst in the black hole binary, 4U 1543-47 (archival optical position: R.A. = 15h47m08.6s, Decl. = -47 40' 09", equinox J2000.0; +/- 1 "). The first detections with the RXTE ASM indicated a flux (2-12 keV) of 0.054 (+/- 0.009) Crab on June 16.683, rapidly increasing to 0.5 Crab (June 17.122) and 1.65 Crab (June 17.552). The X-ray spectrum is very soft, implying that the dominant component is thermal emission from the accretion disk. Optical and radio measurements are strongly encouraged.
2002-06-18 00:32:00
radio,optical,x-ray,binary,black hole,transient,request for observations
2002-06-18
00:32:00
613
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97
99
SGR-like X-ray Bursts from the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 2259+586
V. M. Kaspi (McGill/MIT), F. P. Gavriil (McGill), P. M. Woods (USRA/NSSTC)
V. M. Kaspi (McGill/MIT), F. P. Gavriil (McGill) and P. M. Woods (USRA/NSSTC), following the discovery of brief X-ray bursts from the direction of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 (IAUC 7924 ) on June 18, 2002, report now on further analysis of the same RXTE/PCA data. We find that the pulsed flux declined monotonically by a factor of 4 over the 15 ks in which the bursts were detected, in concert with the decreasing burst rate over the same interval. In addition, the pulse profile during the 15 ks was significantly different than the long-term average profile, an effect not seen in 5.8 yr of prior RXTE monitoring. Specifically, the relative amplitudes of the two peaks in the profile were reversed, and the bridge of emission usually present between them decreased in amplitude. These two observations independently demonstrate that 1E 2259+586 is the origin of the bursts. This solidifies the common nature of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters. Bursting in anomalous X-ray pulsars was predicted in the magnetar model by Thompson & Duncan (1996; ApJ, 473, 322). We provide figures including lightcurves, the pulsed flux evolution, and pulse profiles both during the burst epoch and the long-term burst free average, at the web page below.
2002-06-22 07:20:00
x-ray,gamma ray,magnetar,neutron star,pulsar,soft gamma-ray repeater,star,supernova remnant,supernovae
2002-06-22
07:20:00
1,266
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98
100
Gemini IR Detection of 1E 2259+586 Post-Burst
V. M. Kaspi (McGill/MIT), J. Jensen(Gemini), F. Rigaut (Gemini), A. Hatakeyama (Gemini), P. M. Woods (USRA/NSSTC)
V. M. Kaspi (McGill University/Massachusetts Institute of Technology), J. Jensen (Gemini), F. Rigaut (Gemini), A. Hatakeyama (Gemini), P. M. Woods (USRA/NSSTC) report Gemini North 8-m near-IR observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586 field. K_s band data were obtained on June 21, 2002 at 14:44 UT using the NIRI instrument and a 30-min exposure with seeing 0.7". The reported possible IR counterpart to the pulsar (Hulleman et al. 2000, A&A, 358, 605) was detected with preliminary magnitude 20.36 +/- 0.15, 1.34 mag brighter than the quiescent value, indicating the source was 3.4 times brighter (5.4 sigma c.l.) 3 days following the SGR-like X-ray bursts detected with RXTE/PCA (IAUC 7924 ). This confirms the IR identification. Further IR/optical monitoring is advised. A preliminary Gemini/NIRI image can be found at http://www.physics.mcgill.ca/~vkaspi/1E2259+586/Gemini.html Note that the relative brightnesses of the pulsar counterpart and star 3 in the Hulleman et al. K_s Keck image are reversed in the Gemini image, demonstrating that the pulsar brightened.
2002-06-23 08:41:00
infra-red,optical,x-ray,gamma ray,neutron star,pulsar,soft gamma-ray repeater,star,supernova remnant,supernovae
2002-06-23
08:41:00
1,081
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