Datasets:

Aditi572

/

ScienceQA_ids

like 0

validation_images/image_0.png

Which animal's mouth is also adapted for bottom feeding?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.

Look at the picture of the sturgeon. The sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The sturgeon uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The discus's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the sturgeon. The sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The sturgeon uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The discus's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.

armored catfish

fde16f357ef24ca7a41ceb2c327eba2d

validation_images/image_1.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Chicago is known as The Windy City. But on average, the wind there only blows at about 10 miles per hour. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Chicago. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Chicago is known as The Windy City. But on average, the wind there only blows at about 10 miles per hour. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Chicago. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

climate

f064434f0bac45498b97635b3209d872

validation_images/image_2.png

Which animal's feet are also adapted for grabbing prey?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Look at the picture of the bald eagle. The bald eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the bald eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The New Zealand falcon has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sable has hoofed feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The sable uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the bald eagle. The bald eagle has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sharp claws can help the bald eagle attack and kill its prey. The long toes can help it hold on to its prey. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The New Zealand falcon has long toes with sharp claws. Its feet are adapted for grabbing prey. The sable has hoofed feet. Its feet are not adapted for grabbing prey. The sable uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.

New Zealand falcon

ae6486b97a214d90869af394f2c12ba2

validation_images/image_3.png

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Jupiter's volume is more than 10,000 times as large as the volume of Mars.

natural science

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation. For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3. To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12 If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15 To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 · 1000 = 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3 = 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3) = 1.43 x 10^18

To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mars. Then compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. Jupiter's volume is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is less than 10,000 times as large as the volume of Mars.

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation. For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3. To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12 If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15 To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example: 1.43 x 10^15 · 1000 = 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3 = 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3) = 1.43 x 10^18 To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mars. Then compare the result to the volume of Jupiter. Jupiter's volume is 1.43 x 10^15 km^3, which is less than 1.63 x 10^15 km^3. So, Jupiter's volume is less than 10,000 times as large as the volume of Mars.

false

6766ded3894c48f4bc555dfe3d73159c

validation_images/image_4.png

Is Lithops bromfieldii made up of many cells?

natural science

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Lithops bromfieldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Lithops bromfieldii is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.

yes

e2e201eec4af4e81b4e229d309c4d51c

validation_images/image_5.png

Which bird's beak is also adapted to tear through meat?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.

Look at the picture of the red-tailed hawk. The red-tailed hawk has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sharp hook can help the red-tailed hawk cut the meat into pieces it can swallow. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The Cape vulture has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sand martin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to tear through meat. The sand martin uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the red-tailed hawk. The red-tailed hawk has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sharp hook can help the red-tailed hawk cut the meat into pieces it can swallow. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The Cape vulture has a sharp hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to tear through meat. The sand martin has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to tear through meat. The sand martin uses its beak to eat insects and other small invertebrates.

Cape vulture

36ed9b0146c24f719ef968df1e6b0c84

validation_images/image_6.png

Which of these states is farthest north?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north.

Idaho

3cd81b02ed5e46188907319005f46471

validation_images/image_7.png

Which property do these three objects have in common?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are hard. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are soft. The property that all three objects have in common is soft.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. None of the objects are hard. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. None of the objects are bouncy. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All three objects are soft. The property that all three objects have in common is soft.

soft

662896f0e2644219b7eba41815ab2e9e

validation_images/image_8.png

Which animal's mouth is also adapted for bottom feeding?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.

Look at the picture of the armored catfish. The armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The armored catfish uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers and streams. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The clown triggerfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the armored catfish. The armored catfish's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The armored catfish uses its mouth to find food hidden in the sediment at the bottom of rivers and streams. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The sturgeon's mouth is located on the underside of its head and points downward. Its mouth is adapted for bottom feeding. The clown triggerfish's mouth is not located on the underside of its head. Its mouth is not adapted for bottom feeding.

sturgeon

3d5cc8fd5dba4f15b82f9ca099eb51a8

validation_images/image_9.png

Which property do these two objects have in common?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour. Potato chips have a salty taste. The lime is not salty. The property that both objects have in common is sour.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A lemon has a sour taste. Both objects are sour. Potato chips have a salty taste. The lime is not salty. The property that both objects have in common is sour.

sour

a320487bf5504a5591cc2c6ff99d404e

validation_images/image_10.png

Based on the arrows, which of the following organisms is a consumer?

natural science

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Consumers eat other organisms. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other organisms to consumers. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer. The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the bear sedge is a producer, not a consumer.

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Consumers eat other organisms. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other organisms to consumers. The barren-ground caribou has an arrow pointing to it from the lichen. So, the barren-ground caribou is a consumer. The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the bear sedge is a producer, not a consumer.

barren-ground caribou

f35312b26b2f4e1aa64df0cdafcab69c

validation_images/image_11.png

What is the expected ratio of offspring with black eyes to offspring with red eyes? Choose the most likely ratio.

natural science

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black eyes or red eyes, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for red eyes, is dominant over the e allele, which is for black eyes. Black eyes is the recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the recessive version of the eye color trait must have only recessive alleles for the eye color gene. So, offspring with black eyes must have the genotype ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype ee. Red eyes is the dominant allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the dominant version of the eye color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the eye color gene. So, offspring with red eyes must have the genotype EE or Ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype EE or Ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with black eyes to offspring with red eyes is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with black eyes. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with red eyes.

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2. To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with black eyes or red eyes, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for red eyes, is dominant over the e allele, which is for black eyes. Black eyes is the recessive allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the recessive version of the eye color trait must have only recessive alleles for the eye color gene. So, offspring with black eyes must have the genotype ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype ee. Red eyes is the dominant allele's version of the eye color trait. A koi fish with the dominant version of the eye color trait must have at least one dominant allele for the eye color gene. So, offspring with red eyes must have the genotype EE or Ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype EE or Ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with black eyes to offspring with red eyes is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with black eyes. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with red eyes.

4:0

d1da4834836b41c691a9e2cecccdd8f9

validation_images/image_12.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia. The arrival of a storm brought dark clouds on the first day of June. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the clouds seen in Malaysia on June 1. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia. The arrival of a storm brought dark clouds on the first day of June. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the clouds seen in Malaysia on June 1. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

weather

0d9c78fff98743cc94e92e3c1cbe2993

validation_images/image_13.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Lhasa is a city in the high mountains of Tibet. The winds there were blowing at 30 miles per hour this morning. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed in Lhasa this morning. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Lhasa is a city in the high mountains of Tibet. The winds there were blowing at 30 miles per hour this morning. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the wind speed in Lhasa this morning. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather.

weather

64841b21047c49c7bc51bc88d633a163

validation_images/image_14.png

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.

natural science

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury. Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's.

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of three times the volume of Mercury. Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 160 billion km^3, which is less than 180 billion km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than three times as large as Mercury's.

false

140277942b0041a0b6f0f50784e80476

validation_images/image_15.png

Select the bird below.

natural science

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A pelican is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A pelican is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.

pelican

d623df2e736745f3a1e1ca20b5ad98e6

validation_images/image_16.png

Which bird's beak is also adapted to crack large, hard nuts?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.

Look at the picture of the scarlet macaw. The scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The scarlet macaw uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The Alexandrine parakeet has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The blue rock pigeon has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the scarlet macaw. The scarlet macaw has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The scarlet macaw uses its thick beak to crack the shell of a nut by squeezing it. The hooked shape of the beak can help the bird hold the nut in place while cracking it. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The Alexandrine parakeet has a thick hooked beak. Its beak is adapted to crack large, hard nuts. The blue rock pigeon has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to crack large, hard nuts.

Alexandrine parakeet

29a0e628690c4b428e6e62f7da599775

validation_images/image_17.png

Complete the sentence. is what happens when pollen lands on a female cone.

natural science

Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce? Conifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.

When pollen lands on a female cone, it is called pollination. This photograph shows wind blowing pollen from the male cones on a Japanese cedar tree. Photosynthesis happens when plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to make sugar.

Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce? Conifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. When pollen lands on a female cone, it is called pollination. This photograph shows wind blowing pollen from the male cones on a Japanese cedar tree. Photosynthesis happens when plants use water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight to make sugar.

Pollination

77390f6d097045aba45cb00e81a77f29

validation_images/image_18.png

Which property do these three objects have in common?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All three objects are stretchy. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The bubble gum and the rubber band are not rough. The property that all three objects have in common is stretchy.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. All three objects are stretchy. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The bubble gum and the rubber band are not rough. The property that all three objects have in common is stretchy.

stretchy

93a7c977d50a4fc5a1bd60d2e0aa47e1

validation_images/image_19.png

Is Chelonoidis nigra made up of many cells?

natural science

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Chelonoidis nigra is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Chelonoidis nigra is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells.

yes

1b23983b43ff4ef98c6c4af524436384

validation_images/image_20.png

Which of these continents does the equator intersect?

social science

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Australia.

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect North America or Australia.

Africa

c86da68055d34ea39d337f241ceb2be9

validation_images/image_21.png

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

natural science

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample A have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.

sample A

a7f8ba3ea1954bc8bc0861f08b761f2f

validation_images/image_22.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Large thunderstorms, called supercells, often bring large clouds. Oklahoma often experiences violent storms during the summer months. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in Oklahoma. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Large thunderstorms, called supercells, often bring large clouds. Oklahoma often experiences violent storms during the summer months. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of cloud cover in Oklahoma. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

climate

4f70d29270d444ab87f97662affc77a0

validation_images/image_23.png

Based on the bubble map, what does the quotation "Vanity, not love, has been my folly" show?

language science

A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.

A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows traits of characters from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. It also includes quotations from the characters that show these traits. Find the quotation "Vanity, not love, has been my folly" in the bubble map. It is directly connected to judgmental, which is directly connected to Elizabeth. So, the quotation shows that Elizabeth is judgmental.

A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows traits of characters from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. It also includes quotations from the characters that show these traits. Find the quotation "Vanity, not love, has been my folly" in the bubble map. It is directly connected to judgmental, which is directly connected to Elizabeth. So, the quotation shows that Elizabeth is judgmental.

Elizabeth is judgmental.

f943a2a1a9d54d1dbea3b7abee7adbc9

validation_images/image_24.png

Which of these oceans does the prime meridian intersect?

social science

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.

The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects the Arctic Ocean. It does not intersect the Indian Ocean or the Pacific Ocean.

Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects the Arctic Ocean. It does not intersect the Indian Ocean or the Pacific Ocean.

the Arctic Ocean

a80f8d433bb74e70ba9e062b06452808

validation_images/image_25.png

Which animal's body is better adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the nautilus. The nautilus has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hard shell makes it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the nautilus. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The queen conch has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The collared dove has soft feathers covering its skin. Its body is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the nautilus. The nautilus has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The hard shell makes it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the nautilus. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The queen conch has a hard outer shell. Its body is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The collared dove has soft feathers covering its skin. Its body is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.

queen conch

2d45c5192e2c4cf89eca9b097257dc1f

validation_images/image_26.png

What is the direction of this push?

natural science

A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.

The child pushes the button. The direction of the push is away from his finger.

A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The child pushes the button. The direction of the push is away from his finger.

away from his finger

184839d0258a4cd5ab988c6e8e77324e

validation_images/image_27.png

Which statement describes the Gobi Desert ecosystem?

natural science

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there

A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the following statements describe the Gobi Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. It has a small amount of rain or snow. It has long, cold winters. The following statement does not describe the Gobi Desert: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. It has warm summers and mild winters.

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there A cold desert is a type of ecosystem. Cold deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. So, the following statements describe the Gobi Desert ecosystem: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. It has a small amount of rain or snow. It has long, cold winters. The following statement does not describe the Gobi Desert: a small amount of rain or snow, dry, thin soil, and long, cold winters. It has warm summers and mild winters.

It has a small amount of rain or snow.

407f7473084e490197561f2b3a4f5ee5

validation_images/image_28.png

What is the expected ratio of offspring with fuzzy leaves to offspring with smooth leaves? Choose the most likely ratio.

natural science

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.

To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with fuzzy leaves or smooth leaves, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the leaf texture trait. The question tells you that the L allele, which is for fuzzy leaves, is dominant over the l allele, which is for smooth leaves. Fuzzy leaves is the dominant allele's version of the leaf texture trait. A summer squash plant with the dominant version of the leaf texture trait must have at least one dominant allele for the leaf texture gene. So, offspring with fuzzy leaves must have the genotype LL or Ll. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype LL or Ll. These boxes are highlighted below. Smooth leaves is the recessive allele's version of the leaf texture trait. A summer squash plant with the recessive version of the leaf texture trait must have only recessive alleles for the leaf texture gene. So, offspring with smooth leaves must have the genotype ll. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ll. These boxes are highlighted below. So, the expected ratio of offspring with fuzzy leaves to offspring with smooth leaves is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with fuzzy leaves for every 2 offspring with smooth leaves.

Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2. To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with fuzzy leaves or smooth leaves, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the leaf texture trait. The question tells you that the L allele, which is for fuzzy leaves, is dominant over the l allele, which is for smooth leaves. Fuzzy leaves is the dominant allele's version of the leaf texture trait. A summer squash plant with the dominant version of the leaf texture trait must have at least one dominant allele for the leaf texture gene. So, offspring with fuzzy leaves must have the genotype LL or Ll. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype LL or Ll. These boxes are highlighted below. Smooth leaves is the recessive allele's version of the leaf texture trait. A summer squash plant with the recessive version of the leaf texture trait must have only recessive alleles for the leaf texture gene. So, offspring with smooth leaves must have the genotype ll. There are 2 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ll. These boxes are highlighted below. So, the expected ratio of offspring with fuzzy leaves to offspring with smooth leaves is 2:2. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 2 offspring with fuzzy leaves for every 2 offspring with smooth leaves.

2:2

d6c7308eadca440d883b10d181f1bb5c

validation_images/image_29.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 1 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 1.

2712dfc7fbdf4079a5c238faec0a3703

validation_images/image_30.png

Which of these states is farthest west?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Nebraska is farthest west.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Nebraska is farthest west.

Nebraska

38acdd86246747f28e1d44671d0901ce

validation_images/image_31.png

Is perfume a mineral?

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Perfume does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, perfume is not a mineral.

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Perfume does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, perfume is not a mineral.

no

aa05fa1c9bcf4f13853d68e232cd9a62

validation_images/image_32.png

Which of these states is farthest west?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest west.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest west.

Colorado

2c79f9ad1c70471a8bd67c4cec08cfcc

validation_images/image_33.png

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

natural science

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.

The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings.

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each aquarium decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each aquarium decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each aquarium to the surroundings.

each aquarium . . . the surroundings

32e1d3d5adb54bfd9cb7072e017b8a96

validation_images/image_34.png

Which ocean is highlighted?

social science

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Pacific Ocean.

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Pacific Ocean.

the Pacific Ocean

14525cda37ae479da3a98655f2c9bc8d

validation_images/image_35.png

Which better describes the Monongahela National Forest ecosystem?

natural science

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there

A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the Monongahela National Forest has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees.

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there A temperate deciduous forest is a type of ecosystem. Temperate deciduous forests have the following features: warm, wet summers and cold, wet winters, soil that is rich in nutrients, and only a few types of trees. So, the Monongahela National Forest has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees.

It has warm, wet summers. It also has only a few types of trees.

1cf747f526914c5eacdcdcdf43f45af0

validation_images/image_36.png

Select the reptile below.

natural science

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.

A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks. A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Clownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. A Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Cardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks. A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Clownfish live with animals called anemones. In the image of the clownfish, you can see the brown anemone surrounding the clownfish. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A red-eyed tree frog has sticky pads on its toes. The sticky pads help the red-eyed tree frog hold on to leaves. A Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Cardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.

leaf-tailed gecko

dfa7acb6e607451dbb5af620d2fe0701

validation_images/image_37.png

Select the amphibian below.

natural science

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.

red-eyed tree frog

fff3bee684d4463aae5cfbe01d394523

validation_images/image_38.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.

Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

e523a1a7ebcb49cf93666e51e5286ad6

validation_images/image_39.png

Which continent is highlighted?

social science

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is North America.

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is North America.

North America

f9ed8bc0d40549c694f99fdc25ce72e3

validation_images/image_40.png

Is gneiss a mineral or a rock?

natural science

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!

The properties of gneiss match the properties of a rock. So, gneiss is a rock.

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of gneiss match the properties of a rock. So, gneiss is a rock.

rock

50861473beb34264a454f24c22a7aa58

validation_images/image_41.png

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? 75% of the planets are made mainly of rock.

natural science

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.

false

21165656c277414c8467e89c5017c0d4

validation_images/image_42.png

Which better describes the Kibale National Forest ecosystem?

natural science

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there

A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Kibale National Forest has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms.

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Kibale National Forest has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms.

It has year-round rain. It also has many different types of organisms.

3e8e9f4c8a4f49aca3c47c9f2661829f

validation_images/image_43.png

Select the amphibian below.

natural science

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A golden frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A golden frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A bison is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.

golden frog

7b5a89d9cd484b9ea92a35202496ed1f

validation_images/image_44.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.

ab1e871a288d4db8a39c43fef6709ff4

validation_images/image_45.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same. So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. But the distance between the magnets in Pair 1 and in Pair 2 is the same. So, the strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

ac6c7811b1564f849a17f27d228a5e60

validation_images/image_46.png

Which property do these three objects have in common?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Sugar has a sweet taste. All three objects are sweet. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The chocolate bar and the candy sprinkles are not fuzzy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The chocolate bar is not bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is sweet.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Sugar has a sweet taste. All three objects are sweet. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. The chocolate bar and the candy sprinkles are not fuzzy. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The chocolate bar is not bouncy. The property that all three objects have in common is sweet.

sweet

dfee3815e08e444f80dde79912c7f5cb

validation_images/image_47.png

Is malachite a mineral?

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Malachite has all the properties of a mineral. So, malachite is a mineral.

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Malachite has all the properties of a mineral. So, malachite is a mineral.

yes

d9b47fdb398449deae95094d52bf6545

validation_images/image_48.png

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? 75% of the planets are made mainly of rock.

natural science

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.

A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. The table tells you that four out of the eight planets are made mainly of rock. So, one-half, or 50%, of the planets are made mainly of rock.

false

b8a4c4f216b34bad80edbe69bbc14244

validation_images/image_49.png

Which property do these three objects have in common?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.

Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The steel beam and the towel are not fragile. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The steel beam and the popcorn are not stretchy. An opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque. The property that all three objects have in common is opaque.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fragile object will break into pieces if you drop it. The steel beam and the towel are not fragile. A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The steel beam and the popcorn are not stretchy. An opaque object does not let light through. All three objects are opaque. The property that all three objects have in common is opaque.

opaque

77e7ca69363d4a87b5e6545ec083726c

validation_images/image_50.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Uganda is an African country near the equator. It has large forests which are humid during April and May each year. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Uganda. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Uganda is an African country near the equator. It has large forests which are humid during April and May each year. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Uganda. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

climate

176ed8d31a1946fb94853a2b50c375e5

validation_images/image_51.png

Which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles?

natural science

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution B has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of yellow particles.

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution B has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of yellow particles.

Solution B

d72204cb7af749fea75b78cec2deacc8

validation_images/image_52.png

Which of these states is farthest west?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Mississippi is farthest west.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Mississippi is farthest west.

Mississippi

3d161bcc28564cb8a0857959f66c430c

validation_images/image_53.png

Which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles?

natural science

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.

Solution A

5716396312bc4452b93955273e45e824

validation_images/image_54.png

Which of these states is farthest north?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest north.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest north.

Oregon

f9f22e8357604630886e4909f506ae31

validation_images/image_55.png

Which better describes the Kaeng Krachan National Park ecosystem?

natural science

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there

A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Kaeng Krachan National Park has year-round warm temperatures. It also has many different types of organisms.

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there A tropical rain forest is a type of ecosystem. Tropical rain forests have the following features: year-round rain and warm temperatures, soil that is poor in nutrients, and many different types of organisms. So, Kaeng Krachan National Park has year-round warm temperatures. It also has many different types of organisms.

It has year-round warm temperatures. It also has many different types of organisms.

07471c6b8055480599a921bdca9711bd

validation_images/image_56.png

Which animal's feet are also adapted for swimming?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.

Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck. The black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The lava gull has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. The purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The purple gallinule uses its feet to walk on large leaves floating on the surface of the water.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the black-bellied whistling duck. The black-bellied whistling duck has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. As it swims, the black-bellied whistling duck uses its webbed feet to push itself through water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The lava gull has webbed feet. Its feet are adapted for swimming. The purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are not adapted for swimming. The purple gallinule uses its feet to walk on large leaves floating on the surface of the water.

lava gull

28a8e0e350f147f0b90c4afe8f926b41

validation_images/image_57.png

Is granodiorite a mineral?

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Granodiorite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, granodiorite is not a mineral.

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Granodiorite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, granodiorite is not a mineral.

no

073654d179cd44dd902286175aea15e7

validation_images/image_58.png

Select the organism in the same species as the black-headed gull.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A black-headed gull's scientific name is Chroicocephalus ridibundus. Chroicocephalus ridibundus is in the same genus as Chroicocephalus serranus, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Chroicocephalus ridibundus and Chroicocephalus serranus are different species within the same genus. Chroicocephalus ridibundus has the same scientific name as a black-headed gull. So, these organisms are in the same species. Crocodylus moreletii does not have the same scientific name as a black-headed gull. So, Chroicocephalus ridibundus and Crocodylus moreletii are not in the same species.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A black-headed gull's scientific name is Chroicocephalus ridibundus. Chroicocephalus ridibundus is in the same genus as Chroicocephalus serranus, but they are not in the same species. Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Chroicocephalus ridibundus and Chroicocephalus serranus are different species within the same genus. Chroicocephalus ridibundus has the same scientific name as a black-headed gull. So, these organisms are in the same species. Crocodylus moreletii does not have the same scientific name as a black-headed gull. So, Chroicocephalus ridibundus and Crocodylus moreletii are not in the same species.

Chroicocephalus ridibundus

1ae745f8cc9e425fbe7a1409561d82ba

validation_images/image_59.png

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

natural science

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

sample B

2b9c7656528446dbbdc681219072b564

validation_images/image_60.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. The Charles Bridge spans the Vltava River in Prague. Winters are windy in Prague, with average wind speeds of 11 miles per hour in December, January, and February. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Prague. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. The Charles Bridge spans the Vltava River in Prague. Winters are windy in Prague, with average wind speeds of 11 miles per hour in December, January, and February. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Prague. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

climate

f187c3b5c9f94016a5879ac7aba63990

validation_images/image_61.png

Select the organism in the same species as the marbled salamander.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A marbled salamander's scientific name is Ambystoma opacum. Taricha granulosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha granulosa are not in the same species. Ambystoma opacum has the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, these organisms are in the same species. Taricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A marbled salamander's scientific name is Ambystoma opacum. Taricha granulosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha granulosa are not in the same species. Ambystoma opacum has the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, these organisms are in the same species. Taricha torosa does not have the same scientific name as a marbled salamander. So, Ambystoma opacum and Taricha torosa are not in the same species.

Ambystoma opacum

c1ab00539861464a90b77418137aa0ab

validation_images/image_62.png

Which animal's skin is better adapted as a warning sign to ward off predators?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the opalescent nudibranch. The opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the opalescent nudibranch is toxic and dangerous. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The impala has yellow-brown fur. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the opalescent nudibranch. The opalescent nudibranch has stinging cells in its brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The bright colors serve as a warning sign that the opalescent nudibranch is toxic and dangerous. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The flamboyant cuttlefish has a poisonous body with brightly colored skin. Its skin is adapted to ward off predators. The impala has yellow-brown fur. Its skin is not adapted to be a warning sign that wards off predators.

flamboyant cuttlefish

257bf1c178144c8989d8eae367d7d780

validation_images/image_63.png

During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().

natural science

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.

The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings.

A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each pizza decreased, which means that the thermal energy of each pizza decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred from each pizza to the surroundings.

each pizza . . . the surroundings

40e54825a53740c3ab0ef7d0a2508de5

validation_images/image_64.png

Which property matches this object?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The tent is flexible. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The tent is not scratchy.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The tent is flexible. A scratchy object is rough and itchy against your skin. The tent is not scratchy.

flexible

0ce219f37ea04bea8d2dabdd166a8759

validation_images/image_65.png

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

repel

eb8a3dfda4bc4224a2eb1982ae70d4c6

validation_images/image_66.png

Is gypsum a mineral?

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Gypsum has all the properties of a mineral. So, gypsum is a mineral.

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Gypsum has all the properties of a mineral. So, gypsum is a mineral.

yes

fe6b85cec6d1479287193f15ff6368bb

validation_images/image_67.png

Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.

natural science

A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers. The relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.

Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram. Compare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger: The crocodile egg fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the feather fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely younger than the feather fossil.

A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers. The relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers. Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram. Compare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger: The crocodile egg fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the feather fossil. So, the crocodile egg fossil is most likely younger than the feather fossil.

crocodile egg

ac7c0472219c4250bf52c9000cf411bf

validation_images/image_68.png

Select the organism in the same species as the axolotl.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. Ambystoma mexicanum has the same scientific name as an axolotl. So, these organisms are in the same species. Camellia sasanqua does not have the same scientific name as an axolotl. So, Ambystoma mexicanum and Camellia sasanqua are not in the same species. Tigrisoma mexicanum does have the same species within its genus as an axolotl, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. An axolotl's scientific name is Ambystoma mexicanum. Ambystoma mexicanum has the same scientific name as an axolotl. So, these organisms are in the same species. Camellia sasanqua does not have the same scientific name as an axolotl. So, Ambystoma mexicanum and Camellia sasanqua are not in the same species. Tigrisoma mexicanum does have the same species within its genus as an axolotl, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species.

Ambystoma mexicanum

02914fd1587b44fdaf9b17a2d0e55173

validation_images/image_69.png

Which air temperature was measured within the outlined area shown?

natural science

To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures. The map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25°C up to -20°C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20°C up to -15°C.

Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C. 32°C is within this range. 5°C and 10°C are outside of this range.

To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show air temperatures. The map's legend tells you the temperature that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower temperatures than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -25°C up to -20°C. Areas that are the next darkest shade of blue have a temperature from -20°C up to -15°C. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which air temperatures those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with temperatures between 25°C and 35°C. 32°C is within this range. 5°C and 10°C are outside of this range.

32°C

b9de45e00abc4f9c81dae4df95d52ee7

validation_images/image_70.png

Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

repel

51ee86ffd364485b9517486c1e3fedea

validation_images/image_71.png

Is the air inside a balloon a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

natural science

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.

The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.

Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas. The air inside a balloon is a gas. A gas expands to fill a space. The air inside a balloon expands to fill all the space in the balloon. If the balloon pops, the air will expand to fill a much larger space.

a gas

e6220ae7bb7d4a6fa99195e53e6a0f64

validation_images/image_72.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

4bdf415e048748ee907e0f7183485d7f

validation_images/image_73.png

Which of these states is farthest east?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest east.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest east.

New Hampshire

dea9340e36b242ef84373ca296b801ed

validation_images/image_74.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.

2d7390fa11964580b37b50cbe70ca1bc

validation_images/image_75.png

Which is this organism's common name?

natural science

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Fromia monilis is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Fromia monilis is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that necklace sea star is the common name.

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Fromia monilis is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Fromia monilis is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that necklace sea star is the common name.

necklace sea star

62af8847a58d442a9ee9be073f78e095

validation_images/image_76.png

Which month has the lowest average precipitation in London?

natural science

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. July has an average monthly precipitation of about 45 millimeters. This is lower than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. July has an average monthly precipitation of about 45 millimeters. This is lower than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.

July

98ede95128044be29072f5fc6b857bc9

validation_images/image_77.png

Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

natural science

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

sample B

bf5d65748edf4155ace78420d9c1791a

validation_images/image_78.png

Which of these states is farthest east?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Michigan is farthest east.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Michigan is farthest east.

Michigan

76bceebcc03a432892dc96ffce7ba827

validation_images/image_79.png

Select the organism in the same species as the European nightjar.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. Tyto alba does not have the same scientific name as a European nightjar. So, Caprimulgus europaeus and Tyto alba are not in the same species. Lepus europaeus does have the same species within its genus as a European nightjar, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species. Caprimulgus europaeus has the same scientific name as a European nightjar. So, these organisms are in the same species.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A European nightjar's scientific name is Caprimulgus europaeus. Tyto alba does not have the same scientific name as a European nightjar. So, Caprimulgus europaeus and Tyto alba are not in the same species. Lepus europaeus does have the same species within its genus as a European nightjar, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species. Caprimulgus europaeus has the same scientific name as a European nightjar. So, these organisms are in the same species.

Caprimulgus europaeus

101eb4e4bd9b479983b017bc1f9bcd10

validation_images/image_80.png

Which animal's skin is better adapted to hurt an attacking predator?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

Look at the picture of the thorny devil. The thorny devil has sharp spines on its skin. Its skin is adapted to hurt an attacking predator. The spines can harm a predator that tries to bite the thorny devil. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The porcupine has sharp spines on its skin. Its skin is adapted to hurt an attacking predator. The lesser bushbaby has soft fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for hurting an attacking predator.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the thorny devil. The thorny devil has sharp spines on its skin. Its skin is adapted to hurt an attacking predator. The spines can harm a predator that tries to bite the thorny devil. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The porcupine has sharp spines on its skin. Its skin is adapted to hurt an attacking predator. The lesser bushbaby has soft fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for hurting an attacking predator.

porcupine

f26ff2c7d63a467fa1f56c757b19c14a

validation_images/image_81.png

Which animal's neck is also adapted for reaching high branches?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.

Look at the picture of the gerenuk. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The chital has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches. The bison has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The bison eats mostly grass.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. Look at the picture of the gerenuk. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The chital has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for reaching high branches. The bison has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for reaching high branches. The bison eats mostly grass.

chital

281455842f6b4721b57fc7b21debc4d7

validation_images/image_82.png

Which ocean is highlighted?

social science

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Arctic Ocean.

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Arctic Ocean.

the Arctic Ocean

67d455afafb64b63a7dc17548e664345

validation_images/image_83.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

ba4e2f0e053b40fb9d19362192e36976

validation_images/image_84.png

Which property matches this object?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. Sugar has a sweet taste. The cake batter is sweet. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The cake batter is not bouncy.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object. Think about each property. Sugar has a sweet taste. The cake batter is sweet. A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. The cake batter is not bouncy.

sweet

8c925e51d852499f97bf4100667ecc5f

validation_images/image_85.png

Which of these states is farthest west?

social science

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest west.

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest west.

Georgia

43684d26750f49c495db3a043e6cc9e6

validation_images/image_86.png

Which animal's limbs are also adapted for climbing trees?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.

Look at the picture of the lar gibbon. The lar gibbon uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The chimpanzee has long, powerful limbs. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees. The red-necked wallaby has small arms and long legs. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The red-necked wallaby moves by hopping on two legs.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. Look at the picture of the lar gibbon. The lar gibbon uses its long limbs to reach branches while climbing. It uses its fingers and toes to grab the branches. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The chimpanzee has long, powerful limbs. Its limbs are adapted for climbing trees. The red-necked wallaby has small arms and long legs. Its limbs are not adapted for climbing trees. The red-necked wallaby moves by hopping on two legs.

chimpanzee

ca293d4a1593443baa710466e072611e

validation_images/image_87.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.

The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger. The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

2aff41196dce446f8fa3f50e290caf51

validation_images/image_88.png

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

natural science

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Munich, a city in Germany, receives a small amount of snow each year during the winter. This passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in Munich. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Munich, a city in Germany, receives a small amount of snow each year during the winter. This passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in Munich. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

climate

e15a27d2b5714a2e927523c675a70a85

validation_images/image_89.png

Complete the statement. Methane is ().

natural science

All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.

Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if methane is an elementary substance or a compound. In this model, each ball is labeled with C for carbon or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that methane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound.

All substances are made of one or more chemical elements, or types of atoms. Substances that are made of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, the symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, the symbol is one capital letter and one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl. Scientists can use models to represent molecules. A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below. This model represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride. In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent chemical bonds. Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element. Count the number of chemical elements represented in the model. Then, decide if methane is an elementary substance or a compound. In this model, each ball is labeled with C for carbon or H for hydrogen. So, the model shows you that methane is made of two chemical elements bonded together. Substances made of two or more chemical elements bonded together are compounds. So, methane is a compound.

a compound

f99ccf99dbfb4248b61e72ef05386514

validation_images/image_90.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is stronger when the magnets are closer together. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are closer together, the magnetic force between them is stronger. The magnets in Pair 2 are closer together than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

The magnetic force is stronger in Pair 2.

3969c7134b05469992ab7b922946dda5

validation_images/image_91.png

Which continent is highlighted?

social science

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.

This continent is South America.

A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. This continent is South America.

South America

5ba30e0b91634bb488c9913aaf68e7fb

validation_images/image_92.png

Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers?

natural science

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.

Look at the picture of the malachite sunbird. The malachite sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The malachite sunbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The violet sabrewing has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The snowy owl has a short hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The snowy owl uses its beak to tear through meat.

An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. Look at the picture of the malachite sunbird. The malachite sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The malachite sunbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers. Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation. The violet sabrewing has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The snowy owl has a short hooked beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The snowy owl uses its beak to tear through meat.

violet sabrewing

db750a13d7734ca7b8b285c135761ce8

validation_images/image_93.png

Is dolerite a mineral?

natural science

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Dolerite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, dolerite is not a mineral.

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Dolerite does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, dolerite is not a mineral.

no

79ca89f79063482ea862682d2df2a150

validation_images/image_94.png

Select the organism in the same genus as the North American beaver.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor. Alouatta caraya is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta caraya and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus. This organism and the North American beaver are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Castor canadensis.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A North American beaver's scientific name is Castor canadensis. The first word of its scientific name is Castor. Alouatta caraya is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta caraya and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Castor canadensis are not in the same genus. This organism and the North American beaver are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Castor canadensis.

Castor canadensis

bb5dc031a9934ecb97b0628c1a7473a4

validation_images/image_95.png

Select the organism in the same species as the agile wallaby.

natural science

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. Alouatta palliata does not have the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, Macropus agilis and Alouatta palliata are not in the same species. Macropus agilis has the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, these organisms are in the same species. Lontra canadensis does not have the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, Macropus agilis and Lontra canadensis are not in the same species.

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. An agile wallaby's scientific name is Macropus agilis. Alouatta palliata does not have the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, Macropus agilis and Alouatta palliata are not in the same species. Macropus agilis has the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, these organisms are in the same species. Lontra canadensis does not have the same scientific name as an agile wallaby. So, Macropus agilis and Lontra canadensis are not in the same species.

Macropus agilis

5ffc2dcf539e4a1996c997de67655a61

validation_images/image_96.png

Which ocean is highlighted?

social science

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Indian Ocean.

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. This is the Indian Ocean.

the Indian Ocean

42fd578b7ded41e28d5cdb84e80aca3f

validation_images/image_97.png

Which property matches this object?

natural science

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The spring is flexible. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The spring is flexible. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.

flexible

8a33d23a85cd4f77996c8bf4acece478

validation_images/image_98.png

Can Lithops bromfieldii cells make their own food?

natural science

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes

Lithops bromfieldii is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.

In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Lithops bromfieldii is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.

yes

677cb0ef79be4bdeb34c065e0f27bb67

validation_images/image_99.png

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

natural science

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.

6e0d6cf2fe9f4ff1ab81f6ac238fbb90