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Gemma

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Gemma

Overview

The Gemma model was proposed in Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Technology and Research by Gemma Team, Google. Gemma models are trained on 6T tokens, and released with 2 versions, 2b and 7b.

The abstract from the paper is the following:

This work introduces Gemma, a new family of open language models demonstrating strong performance across academic benchmarks for language understanding, reasoning, and safety. We release two sizes of models (2 billion and 7 billion parameters), and provide both pretrained and fine-tuned checkpoints. Gemma outperforms similarly sized open models on 11 out of 18 text-based tasks, and we present comprehensive evaluations of safety and responsibility aspects of the models, alongside a detailed description of our model development. We believe the responsible release of LLMs is critical for improving the safety of frontier models, and for enabling the next wave of LLM innovations

Tips:

The original checkpoints can be converted using the conversion script src/transformers/models/gemma/convert_gemma_weights_to_hf.py

This model was contributed by Arthur Zucker, Younes Belkada, Sanchit Gandhi, Pedro Cuenca.

GemmaConfig

class transformers.GemmaConfig

( vocab_size = 256000 hidden_size = 3072 intermediate_size = 24576 num_hidden_layers = 28 num_attention_heads = 16 num_key_value_heads = 16 head_dim = 256 hidden_act = 'gelu_pytorch_tanh' hidden_activation = None max_position_embeddings = 8192 initializer_range = 0.02 rms_norm_eps = 1e-06 use_cache = True pad_token_id = 0 eos_token_id = 1 bos_token_id = 2 tie_word_embeddings = True rope_theta = 10000.0 attention_bias = False attention_dropout = 0.0 **kwargs )

Parameters

vocab_size (int, optional, defaults to 256000) — Vocabulary size of the Gemma model. Defines the number of different tokens that can be represented by the inputs_ids passed when calling GemmaModel
hidden_size (int, optional, defaults to 3072) — Dimension of the hidden representations.
intermediate_size (int, optional, defaults to 24576) — Dimension of the MLP representations.
num_hidden_layers (int, optional, defaults to 28) — Number of hidden layers in the Transformer decoder.
num_attention_heads (int, optional, defaults to 16) — Number of attention heads for each attention layer in the Transformer decoder.
num_key_value_heads (int, optional, defaults to 16) — This is the number of key_value heads that should be used to implement Grouped Query Attention. If num_key_value_heads=num_attention_heads, the model will use Multi Head Attention (MHA), if num_key_value_heads=1 the model will use Multi Query Attention (MQA) otherwise GQA is used. When converting a multi-head checkpoint to a GQA checkpoint, each group key and value head should be constructed by meanpooling all the original heads within that group. For more details checkout [this paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.13245.pdf). If it is not specified, will default to num_attention_heads`.
head_dim (int, optional, defaults to 256) — The attention head dimension.
hidden_act (str or function, optional, defaults to "gelu_pytorch_tanh") — The legacy activation function. It is overwritten by the hidden_activation.
hidden_activation (str or function, optional) — The non-linear activation function (function or string) in the decoder. Will default to "gelu_pytorch_tanh" if not specified. "gelu_pytorch_tanh" uses an approximation of the "gelu" activation function.
max_position_embeddings (int, optional, defaults to 8192) — The maximum sequence length that this model might ever be used with.
initializer_range (float, optional, defaults to 0.02) — The standard deviation of the truncated_normal_initializer for initializing all weight matrices.
rms_norm_eps (float, optional, defaults to 1e-06) — The epsilon used by the rms normalization layers.
use_cache (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not the model should return the last key/values attentions (not used by all models). Only relevant if config.is_decoder=True.
pad_token_id (int, optional, defaults to 0) — Padding token id.
eos_token_id (int, optional, defaults to 1) — End of stream token id.
bos_token_id (int, optional, defaults to 2) — Beginning of stream token id.
tie_word_embeddings (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether to tie weight embeddings
rope_theta (float, optional, defaults to 10000.0) — The base period of the RoPE embeddings.
attention_bias (bool, defaults to False, optional, defaults to False) — Whether to use a bias in the query, key, value and output projection layers during self-attention.
attention_dropout (float, optional, defaults to 0.0) — The dropout ratio for the attention probabilities.

This is the configuration class to store the configuration of a GemmaModel. It is used to instantiate an Gemma model according to the specified arguments, defining the model architecture. Instantiating a configuration with the defaults will yield a similar configuration to that of the Gemma-7B.

e.g. google/gemma-7b

Configuration objects inherit from PretrainedConfig and can be used to control the model outputs. Read the documentation from PretrainedConfig for more information.

>>> from transformers import GemmaModel, GemmaConfig

>>> # Initializing a Gemma gemma-7b style configuration
>>> configuration = GemmaConfig()

>>> # Initializing a model from the gemma-7b style configuration
>>> model = GemmaModel(configuration)

>>> # Accessing the model configuration
>>> configuration = model.config

GemmaTokenizer

class transformers.GemmaTokenizer

( vocab_file unk_token = '<unk>' bos_token = '<bos>' eos_token = '<eos>' pad_token = '<pad>' sp_model_kwargs: Optional = None add_bos_token = True add_eos_token = False clean_up_tokenization_spaces = False use_default_system_prompt = False spaces_between_special_tokens = False **kwargs )

Parameters

vocab_file (str) — Path to the vocabulary file.
unk_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<unk>") — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
bos_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<bos>") — The beginning of sequence token that was used during pretraining. Can be used a sequence classifier token.
eos_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<eos>") — The end of sequence token.
pad_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<pad>") — A special token used to make arrays of tokens the same size for batching purpose. Will then be ignored by attention mechanisms or loss computation.
sp_model_kwargs (Dict[str, Any], Optional, optional) — Will be passed to the SentencePieceProcessor.__init__() method. The Python wrapper for SentencePiece can be used, among other things, to set:
- enable_sampling: Enable subword regularization.
- nbest_size: Sampling parameters for unigram. Invalid for BPE-Dropout.
  - nbest_size = {0,1}: No sampling is performed.
  - nbest_size > 1: samples from the nbest_size results.
  - nbest_size < 0: assuming that nbest_size is infinite and samples from the all hypothesis (lattice) using forward-filtering-and-backward-sampling algorithm.
- alpha: Smoothing parameter for unigram sampling, and dropout probability of merge operations for BPE-dropout.
add_bos_token (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to add an bos_token at the start of sequences.
add_eos_token (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to add an eos_token at the end of sequences.
clean_up_tokenization_spaces (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to cleanup spaces after decoding, cleanup consists in removing potential artifacts like extra spaces.
use_default_system_prompt (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not the default system prompt for Gemma should be used.
spaces_between_special_tokens (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to add spaces between special tokens.

Construct a Gemma tokenizer. Based on byte-level Byte-Pair-Encoding. The default padding token is unset as there is no padding token in the original model.

convert_tokens_to_string

( tokens )

Converts a sequence of tokens (string) in a single string.

create_token_type_ids_from_sequences

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None ) → List[int]

Parameters

token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of ids.
token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.

Returns

List[int]

List of token type IDs according to the given sequence(s).

Creates a mask from the two sequences passed to be used in a sequence-pair classification task. An ALBERT

sequence pair mask has the following format:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| first sequence    | second sequence |

if token_ids_1 is None, only returns the first portion of the mask (0s).

get_special_tokens_mask

( token_ids_0: List token_ids_1: Optional = None already_has_special_tokens: bool = False ) → List[int]

Parameters

token_ids_0 (List[int]) — List of IDs.
token_ids_1 (List[int], optional) — Optional second list of IDs for sequence pairs.
already_has_special_tokens (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not the token list is already formatted with special tokens for the model.

Returns

List[int]

A list of integers in the range [0, 1]: 1 for a special token, 0 for a sequence token.

Retrieve sequence ids from a token list that has no special tokens added. This method is called when adding special tokens using the tokenizer prepare_for_model method.

get_vocab

( )

Returns vocab as a dict

save_vocabulary

( save_directory filename_prefix: Optional = None ) → Tuple(str)

Parameters

save_directory (str) — The directory in which to save the vocabulary.

Returns

Tuple(str)

Paths to the files saved.

Save the vocabulary and special tokens file to a directory.

GemmaTokenizerFast

class transformers.GemmaTokenizerFast

( vocab_file = None tokenizer_file = None clean_up_tokenization_spaces = False unk_token = '<unk>' bos_token = '<bos>' eos_token = '<eos>' pad_token = '<pad>' add_bos_token = True add_eos_token = False **kwargs )

Parameters

vocab_file (str, optional) — SentencePiece file (generally has a .model extension) that contains the vocabulary necessary to instantiate a tokenizer.
tokenizer_file (str, optional) — tokenizers file (generally has a .json extension) that contains everything needed to load the tokenizer.
clean_up_tokenization_spaces (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to cleanup spaces after decoding, cleanup consists in removing potential artifacts like extra spaces.
unk_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<unk>") — The unknown token. A token that is not in the vocabulary cannot be converted to an ID and is set to be this token instead.
bos_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<bos>") — The beginning of sequence token that was used during pretraining. Can be used a sequence classifier token.
eos_token (str or tokenizers.AddedToken, optional, defaults to "<eos>") — The end of sequence token.
pad_token (str, optional, defaults to "<pad>") — The padding token
add_bos_token (bool, optional, defaults to True) — Whether or not to add an bos_token at the start of sequences.
add_eos_token (bool, optional, defaults to False) — Whether or not to add an eos_token at the end of sequences.

Construct a Gemma tokenizer fast. Based on byte-level Byte-Pair-Encoding.

This uses notably ByteFallback and no prefix space. Normalization is applied to replace " " with "▁"

>>> from transformers import GemmaTokenizerFast

>>> tokenizer = GemmaTokenizerFast.from_pretrained("hf-internal-testing/dummy-gemma")
>>> tokenizer.encode("Hello this is a test")
[2, 4521, 736, 603, 476, 2121]

If you want to change the bos_token or the eos_token, make sure to specify them when initializing the model, or call tokenizer.update_post_processor() to make sure that the post-processing is correctly done (otherwise the values of the first token and final token of an encoded sequence will not be correct). For more details, checkout [post-processors] (https://huggingface.co/docs/tokenizers/api/post-processors) documentation.

This tokenizer inherits from PreTrainedTokenizerFast which contains most of the main methods. Users should refer to this superclass for more information regarding those methods.

update_post_processor

( )

Updates the underlying post processor with the current bos_token and eos_token.

GemmaModel

class transformers.GemmaModel

( config: GemmaConfig )

Parameters

config (GemmaConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights. config — GemmaConfig

The bare Gemma Model outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top. This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Transformer decoder consisting of config.num_hidden_layers layers. Each layer is a GemmaDecoderLayer

forward

( input_ids: LongTensor = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None past_key_values: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None cache_position: Optional = None )

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1].

What are position IDs?
past_key_values (Cache or tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the past_key_values returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when use_cache=True or config.use_cache=True.

Two formats are allowed:
- a Cache instance;
- Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)). This is also known as the legacy cache format.
The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no past_key_values are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

If past_key_values are used, the user can optionally input only the last input_ids (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape (batch_size, 1) instead of all input_ids of shape (batch_size, sequence_length).
inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
use_cache (bool, optional) — If set to True, past_key_values key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see past_key_values).
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
cache_position (torch.LongTensor of shape (sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to position_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

The GemmaModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

GemmaForCausalLM

class transformers.GemmaForCausalLM

( config )

forward

( input_ids: LongTensor = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None past_key_values: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None cache_position: Optional = None ) → transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1].

What are position IDs?
past_key_values (Cache or tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the past_key_values returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when use_cache=True or config.use_cache=True.

Two formats are allowed:
- a Cache instance;
- Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)). This is also known as the legacy cache format.
The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no past_key_values are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

If past_key_values are used, the user can optionally input only the last input_ids (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape (batch_size, 1) instead of all input_ids of shape (batch_size, sequence_length).
inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
use_cache (bool, optional) — If set to True, past_key_values key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see past_key_values).
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
cache_position (torch.LongTensor of shape (sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to position_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.

Args — labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional): Labels for computing the masked language modeling loss. Indices should either be in [0, ..., config.vocab_size] or -100 (see input_ids docstring). Tokens with indices set to -100 are ignored (masked), the loss is only computed for the tokens with labels in [0, ..., config.vocab_size].

Returns

transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_outputs.CausalLMOutputWithPast or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (GemmaConfig) and inputs.

loss (torch.FloatTensor of shape (1,), optional, returned when labels is provided) — Language modeling loss (for next-token prediction).
logits (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
past_key_values (tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional, returned when use_cache=True is passed or when config.use_cache=True) — Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head))

Contains pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks) that can be used (see past_key_values input) to speed up sequential decoding.
hidden_states (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for the output of the embeddings, if the model has an embedding layer, + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the optional initial embedding outputs.
attentions (tuple(torch.FloatTensor), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of torch.FloatTensor (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The GemmaForCausalLM forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GemmaForCausalLM

>>> model = GemmaForCausalLM.from_pretrained("google/gemma-7b")
>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-7b")

>>> prompt = "What is your favorite condiment?"
>>> inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt")

>>> # Generate
>>> generate_ids = model.generate(inputs.input_ids, max_length=30)
>>> tokenizer.batch_decode(generate_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False)[0]
"What is your favorite condiment?"

GemmaForSequenceClassification

class transformers.GemmaForSequenceClassification

( config )

Parameters

config (GemmaConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.

The Gemma Model transformer with a sequence classification head on top (linear layer).

GemmaForSequenceClassification uses the last token in order to do the classification, as other causal models (e.g. GPT-2) do.

Since it does classification on the last token, it requires to know the position of the last token. If a pad_token_id is defined in the configuration, it finds the last token that is not a padding token in each row. If no pad_token_id is defined, it simply takes the last value in each row of the batch. Since it cannot guess the padding tokens when inputs_embeds are passed instead of input_ids, it does the same (take the last value in each row of the batch).

This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a PyTorch torch.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular PyTorch Module and refer to the PyTorch documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

forward

( input_ids: LongTensor = None attention_mask: Optional = None position_ids: Optional = None past_key_values: Optional = None inputs_embeds: Optional = None labels: Optional = None use_cache: Optional = None output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None )

Parameters

input_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (torch.Tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1].

What are position IDs?
past_key_values (Cache or tuple(tuple(torch.FloatTensor)), optional) — Pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the self-attention blocks and in the cross-attention blocks) that can be used to speed up sequential decoding. This typically consists in the past_key_values returned by the model at a previous stage of decoding, when use_cache=True or config.use_cache=True.

Two formats are allowed:
- a Cache instance;
- Tuple of tuple(torch.FloatTensor) of length config.n_layers, with each tuple having 2 tensors of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, embed_size_per_head)). This is also known as the legacy cache format.
The model will output the same cache format that is fed as input. If no past_key_values are passed, the legacy cache format will be returned.

If past_key_values are used, the user can optionally input only the last input_ids (those that don’t have their past key value states given to this model) of shape (batch_size, 1) instead of all input_ids of shape (batch_size, sequence_length).
inputs_embeds (torch.FloatTensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size), optional) — Optionally, instead of passing input_ids you can choose to directly pass an embedded representation. This is useful if you want more control over how to convert input_ids indices into associated vectors than the model’s internal embedding lookup matrix.
use_cache (bool, optional) — If set to True, past_key_values key value states are returned and can be used to speed up decoding (see past_key_values).
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.
cache_position (torch.LongTensor of shape (sequence_length), optional) — Indices depicting the position of the input sequence tokens in the sequence. Contrarily to position_ids, this tensor is not affected by padding. It is used to update the cache in the correct position and to infer the complete sequence length.
labels (torch.LongTensor of shape (batch_size,), optional) — Labels for computing the sequence classification/regression loss. Indices should be in [0, ..., config.num_labels - 1]. If config.num_labels == 1 a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If config.num_labels > 1 a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).

The GemmaForSequenceClassification forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

FlaxGemmaModel

class transformers.FlaxGemmaModel

( config: GemmaConfig input_shape: Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True **kwargs )

Parameters

config (GemmaConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
dtype (jax.numpy.dtype, optional, defaults to jax.numpy.float32) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of jax.numpy.float32, jax.numpy.float16, or jax.numpy.bfloat16.

This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given dtype.

Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

The bare Gemma Model transformer outputting raw hidden-states without any specific head on top.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a Flax Linen flax.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

call

( input_ids attention_mask = None position_ids = None params: dict = None past_key_values: dict = None dropout_rng: PRNGKey = None train: bool = False output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) → transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

input_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, input_ids_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last decoder_input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1].

What are position IDs?
past_key_values (Dict[str, np.ndarray], optional, returned by init_cache or when passing previous past_key_values) — Dictionary of pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used for fast auto-regressive decoding. Pre-computed key and value hidden-states are of shape [batch_size, max_length].
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxBaseModelOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (GemmaConfig) and inputs.

last_hidden_state (jnp.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)) — Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
hidden_states (tuple(jnp.ndarray), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of jnp.ndarray (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (tuple(jnp.ndarray), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of jnp.ndarray (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The FlaxGemmaPreTrainedModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

This example uses a random model as the real ones are all very big. To get proper results, you should use openlm-research/open_llama_3b_v2 instead of google/gemma-2b. If you get out-of-memory when loading that checkpoint, you can try adding device_map="auto" in the from_pretrained call.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxGemmaModel

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-2b")
>>> model = FlaxGemmaModel.from_pretrained("google/gemma-2b")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="jax")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state

FlaxGemmaForCausalLM

class transformers.FlaxGemmaForCausalLM

( config: GemmaConfig input_shape: Tuple = (1, 1) seed: int = 0 dtype: dtype = <class 'jax.numpy.float32'> _do_init: bool = True **kwargs )

Parameters

config (GemmaConfig) — Model configuration class with all the parameters of the model. Initializing with a config file does not load the weights associated with the model, only the configuration. Check out the from_pretrained() method to load the model weights.
dtype (jax.numpy.dtype, optional, defaults to jax.numpy.float32) — The data type of the computation. Can be one of jax.numpy.float32, jax.numpy.float16, or jax.numpy.bfloat16.

This can be used to enable mixed-precision training or half-precision inference on GPUs or TPUs. If specified all the computation will be performed with the given dtype.

Note that this only specifies the dtype of the computation and does not influence the dtype of model parameters.

If you wish to change the dtype of the model parameters, see to_fp16() and to_bf16().

The Gemma Model transformer with a language modeling head (linear layer) on top.

This model inherits from FlaxPreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input embeddings, pruning heads etc.)

This model is also a Flax Linen flax.nn.Module subclass. Use it as a regular Flax Module and refer to the Flax documentation for all matter related to general usage and behavior.

Finally, this model supports inherent JAX features such as:

call

( input_ids attention_mask = None position_ids = None params: dict = None past_key_values: dict = None dropout_rng: PRNGKey = None train: bool = False output_attentions: Optional = None output_hidden_states: Optional = None return_dict: Optional = None ) → transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

Parameters

input_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, input_ids_length)) — Indices of input sequence tokens in the vocabulary. Padding will be ignored by default should you provide it.

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

What are input IDs?
attention_mask (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Mask to avoid performing attention on padding token indices. Mask values selected in [0, 1]:
- 1 for tokens that are not masked,
- 0 for tokens that are masked.
What are attention masks?

Indices can be obtained using AutoTokenizer. See PreTrainedTokenizer.encode() and PreTrainedTokenizer.call() for details.

If past_key_values is used, optionally only the last decoder_input_ids have to be input (see past_key_values).

If you want to change padding behavior, you should read modeling_opt._prepare_decoder_attention_mask and modify to your needs. See diagram 1 in the paper for more information on the default strategy.
- 1 indicates the head is not masked,
- 0 indicates the head is masked.
position_ids (numpy.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length), optional) — Indices of positions of each input sequence tokens in the position embeddings. Selected in the range [0, config.n_positions - 1].

What are position IDs?
past_key_values (Dict[str, np.ndarray], optional, returned by init_cache or when passing previous past_key_values) — Dictionary of pre-computed hidden-states (key and values in the attention blocks) that can be used for fast auto-regressive decoding. Pre-computed key and value hidden-states are of shape [batch_size, max_length].
output_attentions (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the attentions tensors of all attention layers. See attentions under returned tensors for more detail.
output_hidden_states (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return the hidden states of all layers. See hidden_states under returned tensors for more detail.
return_dict (bool, optional) — Whether or not to return a ModelOutput instead of a plain tuple.

Returns

transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or tuple(torch.FloatTensor)

A transformers.modeling_flax_outputs.FlaxMaskedLMOutput or a tuple of torch.FloatTensor (if return_dict=False is passed or when config.return_dict=False) comprising various elements depending on the configuration (GemmaConfig) and inputs.

logits (jnp.ndarray of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, config.vocab_size)) — Prediction scores of the language modeling head (scores for each vocabulary token before SoftMax).
hidden_states (tuple(jnp.ndarray), optional, returned when output_hidden_states=True is passed or when config.output_hidden_states=True) — Tuple of jnp.ndarray (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer) of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size).

Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
attentions (tuple(jnp.ndarray), optional, returned when output_attentions=True is passed or when config.output_attentions=True) — Tuple of jnp.ndarray (one for each layer) of shape (batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length).

Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention heads.

The FlaxGemmaPreTrainedModel forward method, overrides the __call__ special method.

Although the recipe for forward pass needs to be defined within this function, one should call the Module instance afterwards instead of this since the former takes care of running the pre and post processing steps while the latter silently ignores them.

This example uses a random model as the real ones are all very big. To get proper results, you should use openlm-research/open_llama_3b_v2 instead of google/gemma-2b. If you get out-of-memory when loading that checkpoint, you can try adding device_map="auto" in the from_pretrained call.

Example:

>>> from transformers import AutoTokenizer, FlaxGemmaForCausalLM

>>> tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-2b")
>>> model = FlaxGemmaForCausalLM.from_pretrained("google/gemma-2b")

>>> inputs = tokenizer("Hello, my dog is cute", return_tensors="np")
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)

>>> # retrieve logts for next token
>>> next_token_logits = outputs.logits[:, -1]