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Wednesday, 17 August 2016

Just South of the Canadian border Ray Beierling captured his second title at the US stop of the NCA Tour in Lewiston, New York. Beating Nathan Walsh in the finals of the Turtle Island Crokinole Tournament, Ray Beierling made it his 9th straight NCA Tour with winning a tournament title.

The weekend event began with a Friday Night Social, where the many guests were treated to food and crokinole action, while the remainder of the guests battled the border traffic on the Saturday morning. The tournament attendance reached another high, up to 47 in it’s 5th edition.

The morning began with preliminary round play, having the competitive and recreational fields split into 2 groups, while many Canadians shared their unique and always entertaining stories of trying toexplain to a US border guard what exactly is a crokinole tournament.

After the first round a hearty lunch was provided as just a small piece of the hospitality and welcoming that makes the New York event so great. The experience of the Turtle Island Crokinole Tournament is a special one, and should be an NCA Tour stop that every crokinole player needs to partake in. The country-side setting of Lewiston is quite something just over the border, and the Tuscarora Nation House is a spectacle. The large windows, high ceilings and big common rooms have the makings of a great community centre, while the artwork adds unique character to the facility. Of particular note is the design of “The Moochie Man” (coined by Dale Henry) on the floor


just after the main entrance into the building.

In the crokinole action, Zionne Jong come out very strong to win the Recreation C title, just ahead of Tiffany Henry. Meanwhile, Wayne Wolfgang and Dave Carnahan had been battling each other at the top of the Recreation B pool all afternoon, finishing 1-2 in the round robin at 42 and 38 points. Wolfgang scored the victory with 15 points, edging Carnahan, who had 14, in the playoffs.

In the Recreational A pool, Abijah Jong finished 3rd in the round robin, but turned it on in the playoffs, to win the title with 16 points. Just behind were Derek McKie, Jo Ann Carter and Christina Campbell, who rounded out the top 4 of the recreational side.

For the Competitive C title, Barry Kigginsthe Owen Sound title and the runner-up finish in St. Jacobs last season, as he won the final over Miltenburg 12-6.

The competitive Pool A group included many players who claimed they had not been practicing, when most likely the opposite was true. Regardless, Nathan Walsh, Ray Beierling and Andrew Hutchinson played very well through the round robin, all earning point totals in the 30s to grab the first 3 playoff positions. There was a significant log-jam for the final spot as Roger Vaillancourt scored 24 points, and Jon Conrad had 25, but it was Dwayne Campbell earning his second NCA playoff appearance (the first being the 2015 ODCC) with 26 points.

Both semifinal matches were fine displays of 20s scoring, with all four players looking comfortable racking up the


centres. Walsh would defeat Campbell and Beierling would win over Hutchinson to set up 4th championship encounter between Walsh and Beierling. Walsh won their first encounter in London in 2014, and jumped out to a big lead of 7-1 through 4 rounds. But Beierling (a victor in Owen Sound in 2014, and Hamilton in 2015) responded to lead 9-7. Walsh won the following round to level the first to 11 match at 9-9, where Beierling proved to be better, winning the 2016 Turtle Island Crokinole Tournament.

And with the close of the New York tournament, the NCA Tour pauses for the remainder of the Summer, but will return North of the border in September for the 6th annual Belleville Crokinole Challenge, presented by the Quinte Region Crokinole Club.

About Me

CrokinoleCentreA Victoria resident says he’s frustrated that his calls to 911 were transferred to a series of dispatchers, a frustration shared by politicians and emergency workers whose calls for a single dispatch centre for the region are falling on deaf ears.

Justin Hiscox, who runs a designated driving service called Wise Choice, said he called 911 about a possible drunk driver after seeing a northbound car almost hit the centre median three times on the Pat Bay Highway.

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“I was at Beaver Lake, so in Saanich, and as soon as I hit the imaginary border line I had to be transferred to Central Saanich,” Hiscox said.

His experience was worse a month earlier when he called 911 about a serious two-car crash at Tillicum Road near Burnside Road West.

Hiscox


into the 2007 Oak Bay murder-suicide in which Peter Lee killed his son, his wife and her parents before killing himself.

A frantic 911 call was transferred through a maze of dispatchers and police officers from different departments.

A CRD 911 police working group, consisting of Victoria police and the RCMP, earlier this month backed a single dispatch centre. However, Saanich police, who patrol the region’s largest municipality, are not in the working group.

In 2008, Saanich spent $600,000 on a purpose-built communications centre, designed to withstand a major earthquake and backed up by the emergency communications system, E-Common, on the Lower Mainland. The centre dispatches police calls for Saanich and Oak Bay police and fire calls for Saanich, Oak Bay, Esquimalt, North Saanich, Central Saanich and Sidney.

Saanich Mayor Frank LeonardThe Story Behind the lucky Cristian Ronaldo (CR7)

Born Feb 5th, 1985 Christian Ronaldo is one of the best football players in the world today. His Success started at a tender age. As a kid, he played for an amateur club Adorinha where his father used to work as a kit man, and this was before Ronaldo joined Club Nacional. Ronaldo got his first signing in the year 1997 for 1500 pounds, and this happened after he attended the three-day trial to join Sporting Cp. He went to the Academy and at the age of 14 years Christian Ronaldo agreed with his mother to quit school and train on football as a career. Although he had been expelled from school after throwing a chair at the teacher, he had


to agree with his mother on the issue of quitting schooling.

The Story Behind the lucky Cristian Ronaldo (CR7)

The Story Behind the lucky Cristian Ronaldo (CR7)

Christian Ronaldo played semi-professionally, and a year later after agreeing with his parents stop schooling and start working on football as a full time career, his soccer dream was shunned after being diagnosed with a racing heart. The problem did not go because a surgery saved him and he was able to continue with his career, and he went back to training only after a few days.

At the age of 16 still playing for Sporting CP, he was promoted to Sporting CP youth team by the new manager after he was impressed by Ronaldo performance. Ronaldo later became the first player in the teamto play for Under 16, Under 17, under 18, team B and the first all in one season. At the end of the season, 2002-03 Liverpool had the interest to sign him as well as Arsene Wenger who he met personally but the deal never came to pass, and he was signed by Sir Alex Fagurson. This was after Sporting CP beat Manchester United. The Man United considered him as the most exciting you player, and that was the reason behind the big signing.

After signing Christian Ronaldo became the first Portuguese to play for Manchester United. He was also the most expensive teenager to be signed and play in European leagues in history. When he got to Old Trafford, Ronaldo requested to retain the number of his jersey


which he wore at Sporting CP, but he was convinced by Sir Alex to wear number 7 which was earlier worn by great stars including David Beckham and George Best among others. That’s how the term CR7 came into existence.

Christian Ronaldo – Footballer

Ronaldo Stay at Old Trafford was fortunate having scored lots of goals and leading Manchester to win league titles. In fact, Ronaldo scored overs 100 goals in 300 games making him one of the best players The Red Devils has ever had. His relationship with Sir Alex was right that it reached a point, and he said: “He’s been my father in sport, one of the most important and influential factors in my career.”

In the year 2009, Christian Ronaldo left Man United and Joined Spanish Leagueteam Real Madrid and replaced Raul Gonzalez. Ronaldo has remained in the club up to date. Christian Ronaldo has remained to be one of the most exceptional players in the world. Having scored the last penalty that saved Real Madrid from Atletico and they won the Uefa Champions League. Zinedine Zidane chooses CR7 as his favourite player of all times. He has won 4 golden boots so far and had lots of trophies and awards through his career as a footballer. Ronaldo career has been a success since to day he is the most paid and the most expensive athlete, infact he outdid Lionel Messi and the world top golfer Tiger Woods.


Just when Axis Japan felt invincible, Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle hit Tokyo with a daring bomber raid that shattered Hirohito’s peace of mind.

By Richard Sassaman

Jimmy Doolittle was a genius with guts. A “pilot-scientist” is what Duane Schultz called him in his 1998 book The Doolittle Raid—a man brave enough to fly planes faster than anyone had ever flown them and smart enough to earn a doctorate in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was the natural choice to lead the Pearl Harbor retaliation attack of April 18, 1942.

Soon known as the Doolittle Raid, the operation was small in the great scheme of the war, but because of its modest size, it’s relatively easy to follow every one of the 80 men involved, see where theysat in their 16 B-25 Mitchell bombers aimed for Tokyo and four other cities, and track to the present day where each raider ended up afterward. It was a crazy idea that many thought impossible to pull off, a suicide mission. But this first joint army-navy operation since the Civil War turned out to be quite a success, even though the bombing did little actual damage, and even though 14 percent of the force was captured or killed and all the airplanes lost. It was a success because the Japanese would never again be able to sit at home confident that America could not attack them there.

The Man

For these [fliers] to learn that their mission leader was none other than the world-famous and notorious Lt. Col. James Harold


Doolittle —well, it would be like being asked to join a secret new baseball team, and it just so happens the lead guy’s Babe Ruth. —Craig Nelson in his book The First Heroes: The Extraordinary Story of the Doolittle Raid—America’s First World War II Victory (2002)

It would be impossible for Jimmy Doolittle to become the most famous pilot in a nation that also included Charles Lindbergh, but he tried. On September 4–5, 1922, Doolittle became the first man to fly across the United States in less than 24 hours. Nine years later he did it in less than 12. He was first to perform an outside loop and first to take off, fly, and land “blind,” using only instruments. By the time he retired in September 1947 afterthree decades in the air, he had flown more than 10,000 hours in 265 different types of aircraft. During the First World War, Doolittle had been a flight instructor in the Signal Corps and organized a military stunt-flying team called the Five Daring Acrobats, but although he was moved around the States to Texas, Ohio, Louisiana, and California, he never made it overseas. Between the wars, he worked for Shell Oil and helped develop the first high-octane fuel. He won many of the major trophy races in this golden age of air racing. In 1925 he set the world seaplane speed record at 245 miles per hour and seven years later set the world land plane speed record at 296.

Doolittle returned to active duty in July 1940 and


was working as a troubleshooter on the staff of Henry “Hap” Arnold, commanding general of the US Army Air Corps (which would be renamed the US Army Air Forces in July 1941), when the raid on Japan was first mentioned. Arnold knew Doolittle was the perfect man to command the mission, but he was also too valuable to lose. Arnold wanted him to train the men, get the planes ready, then stay behind. Doolittle, on the other hand, having missed out on combat in World War I, was not so easily dissuaded. Not only would he go along on the raid, the 45-year-old lieutenant colonel would sit in the pilot’s seat of the first B-25.

The Plan

The purpose of this special project is to bomb and fire the industrialcenters of Japan. [T]his will not only cause confusion and impeded production but will undoubtedly facilitate operations against Japan in other theaters [when they withdraw] troops for the purpose of defending the home country. —memo from Doolittle to Hap Arnold in the first week of February 1942

As you embark on your expedition please give each member of your command my deep appreciation of their services and complete confidence in their ability and cour-age under your leadership to strike a mighty blow. —radiogram sent to Doolittle by army Chief of Staff George Marshall on March 31, 1942

In early 1942, America was ready to strike back, but not sure how. The type of aircraft used on carriers at that time could hit targets only within 300 miles, and nobody wanted


to take the remains of the Pacific Fleet that close to Japan. The largest bomber force in the region had been the 35 B-17s in the Philippines, but many of those planes had been destroyed a few hours after Pearl Harbor, in another surprise attack. Plus, the B-17s had a round-trip range of less than 1,000 miles, and Japan was 2,000 miles away. Russia was within striking distance of Tokyo, but Stalin didn’t welcome American planes on Soviet soil because he didn’t want Japan angry at him while he was already struggling with Hitler to the west. Portions of China lay within striking distance of Japan, but Japan already occupied those.

During a discussion of the invasion of North Africa on January 4, Admiral Ernest King, chief of navalplane 7 wrote in his personal account of the raid, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo (1943), that “every minute counted.” He even told his engineer-gunner David Thatcher “to stop calling me ‘sir’ because it was a waste of time.”

For the first three weeks of March, the crews worked at Eglin Field in western Florida, then 22 of the planes flew cross-country to Sacramento. On March 31 and April 1, 16 of the Mitchells (all that would fit) were loaded onto the Hornet at nearby Alameda Naval Air Station. A day later the carrier, accompanied by four destroyers, two cruisers, and an oiler, passed under the Golden Gate Bridge and headed out to sea. They would join forces 11 days later with an identical group of eight ships sailing from


time for repairs. “With one exception,” wrote Captain Marc Mitscher of the Hornet, “takeoffs were dangerous and improperly executed.” But the men just wanted to get into the air, and they all did.

The 16 planes, unable to communicate with one other, headed for Japan in a staggered line 50 miles wide and 150 miles long. The first 10 were aimed at Tokyo, and they arrived beginning just after noon, when by coincidence the city was finishing up an air raid drill. Many Japanese waved at the planes, perhaps because the Army Air Forces insignia in those days included a red circle in the center, like the Japanese flag. The other six planes attacked targets in Yokohama, Kobe, and Nagoya and on the Yokosuka Naval Base. Enemy planes wereineffective against them. Several even seemed to be scared off by the painted broomsticks in the rear. Anti-aircraft fire was intense but inaccurate, and only plane 10 was hit at all, leaving it with a small hole in its fuselage.

All the B-25s except plane 4, which fled from a number of fighter planes because its guns became inoperative, dropped their four 500-pound bombs accurately on targets. Two of each plane’s bombs were demolition bombs, and the other two contained clusters of 128 incendiary bombs each. All four bombs on Doolittle’s plane were incendiaries, because the original plan had been for him to reach Tokyo three hours ahead of the other fliers and start fires to guide them in during what was to have been a nighttime raid.

After leaving


their bombs behind, all 16 B-25s left Japan as quickly as possible. American bombers would not return to Japan for more than two years.

The Aftermath

…the fact that the raid was attempted proves most conclusively in what pitifully desperate condition the United States now finds herself.… —the Japan Times and Advertiser, April 22, 1942

…no raid is a success in which losses exceed 10 percent and it now appears that probably all of the airplanes were lost. —Hap Arnold in a memorandum to President Franklin Roosevelt dated April 23, 1942

My cap is off to Jimmy and his brave squadron…. Their flight was one of the most courageous deeds in all military history. —Admiral William “Bull” Halsey

The B-25s were desperately short of fuel as they left Japan, but then an unexpectedother B-25s crash-landed, three in the water and one in a rice paddy. Crew members from planes 2 and 5 emerged safely, but William Dieter and Donald Fitzmaurice, the two enlisted men on plane 6, drowned just off the China coast. Four of the five crewmembers of plane 7 were hurt seriously, and pilot Lawson’s leg had to be amputated in the field by Thomas “Doc” White, plane 15’s gunner, who had graduated from Harvard Medical School.

Plane 8, low on fuel its entire trip, made its way to near Vladivostok, Russia, instead of China. The crew members landed safely, but were interned by the Soviets for more than a year before they escaped over the mountains into Iran in late May 1943.

Eight raiders, the surviving crew members of


planes 6 and 16, were soon captured by the Japanese. Three were executed in October 1942 following a sham trial, one died of malnutrition in prison, and the other four continued to live under horrifying conditions—torture, disease, solitary confinement—until they were rescued in August 1945. (One of these last four—plane 16’s bombardier, Jacob DeShazer—would return to Japan after the war and spend 30 years there as a Christian missionary. Born in November 1912, he is the oldest surviving raider.)

With the help of locals in China, most of the raiders on the ground made their way to safety and were soon back in action. The city of Chungking had been bombed by the Japanese more than 100 times in the preceding decade, and the Chinese were delighted someone hadshown at D23 Expo.

Avengers: Infinity War currently has a 4.34 out of 5 ComicBook.com User Anticipation Rating, making it the most anticipated upcoming comic book movie among ComicBook.com readers. Let us know how much you're looking forward to Avengers: Infinity War by giving it your own ComicBook.com User Anticipation Rating below.

Avengers: Infinity War brings the Guardians of the Galaxy together with the Avengers to face off against Thanos and his minions.

Avengers: Infinity War is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, from a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and stars Robert Downey Jr., Josh Brolin, Mark Ruffalo, Tom Hiddleston, Chris Evans, Chris Hemsworth, Jeremy Renner, Chris Pratt, Elizabeth Olsen, Sebastian Stan, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Bettany, Samuel L. Jackson, Cobie Smulders, Benedict Wong, Zoe Saldana, Karen Gillan, Vin


Diesel, Dave Bautista, Pom Klementieff, Scarlett Johansson, Benicio del Toro, Tom Holland, and Anthony Mackie.

Avengers: Infinity War opens May 4, 2018.

More Avengers: Infinity War News: Check Out The Full Triptych Comic-Con Poster For Avengers: Infinity War / Director Teases High Stakes And Imminent Death In Avengers: Infinity War / Director Explains Why Thanos Needs The Black Order / Robert Downey Jr. Shares Behind The Scenes Photo Of Himself With Josh Brolin.the title King...Mt. 2:2

Ps. 2:7...Declared the Beloved Son...Mt. 3;17

Psa. 2:7, 8...The Crucifixion and Resurrection intimated...Acts 13:29-33

Psa. 2:12...Life comes through faith in Him...Jn. 20:31

Psa. 8:2...The mouths of babes perfect His praise...Mt. 21:16

Psa. 8:5, 6...His humiliation and exaltation...Lu. 24:50-53; 1 Cor. 15:27

Psa. 16:10...Was not to see corruption...Acts 2:31

Psa. 16:9-11...Was to arise from the dead...Jn. 20:9

Psa. 17;15...The resurrection predicted...Lu. 24:6

Psa. 22:1...Forsaken because of sins of others...2 Cor. 5:21

Psa. 22:1...Words spoken from Calvary, "My God..." Mk. 15:34

Psa. 22:2...Darkness upon Calvary...Mt. 27:45

Psa. 22:7...They shoot out the lip and shake the head...Mt. 27:39

Psa. 22:8.."He trusted in God, let Him deliver Him"...Mt. 27:43

Psa. 22:9......Born the Saviour......Lu. 2:7

Psa. 22:14...Died of a broken (ruptured)heart...Jn. 19:34

Psa. 22:14,15...Suffered agony on Calvary...Mk. 15:34-37

Psa. 22:15........He thirsted........Jn. 19:28

Psa. 22:16...They pierced His hands and His feet....Jn. 19:34,37;20:27

Psa. 22:17,18...Stripped Him before the stares of


men...Lu. 23:34,35

Psa. 22:18.....They parted His garments.....Jn. 19:23,24

Psa. 22:20,21...He committed Himself to God...Lu.23:46

Psa. 22:20,21..Satanic power bruising the Redeemer's heel..Heb. 2:14

Psa. 22:22.....His Resurrection declared.....Jn. 20:17

Psa. 22:27...He shall be the governor of the nations...Col 1:16

Psa. 22:31......"It is finished"......Jn. 19:30

Psa. 23:1...."I am the Good Shephard"....Jn. 10:11

Psa. 24:3......His exaltation predicted......Acts 1:11; Phil. 2:9

Psa. 30:3......His resurrection predicted......Acts 2:32

Psa. 31:5..."Into thy hands I commit my spirit"...Lu. 23:46

Psa. 31:11...His acquaintances fled from Him...Mk. 14:50

Psa. 31:13...They took counsel to put Him to death...Jn. 11:53

Psa. 31:14,15..." He trusted in God, let Him deliver him"...Mt. 27:43

Psa. 34:20.....Not a bone of Him broken.....Jn 19:31-36

Psa. 35:11....False witnesses rose up against Him....Mt. 26:59

Psa. 35:19...He was hated without a cause...Jn. 15:25

Psa. 38:11.....His friends stood afar off.....Lu. 23:49

Psa. 40:2-5...The joy of His resurrection predicted...Jn. 20:20

Psa. 40:6-8....His delight-the will of the Father....Jn. 4:34

Psa. 40:9....He wasis slated to represent the administration in his stead.

Argentine outlets Infobae and La Nacion reported last week that Trump would attend the inauguration on Dec. 1, but those reports were brushed off as unfounded rumors by administration officials.

To attend Lopez Obrador's inauguration, Trump would have to cut short his scheduled visit to Argentina for the G20 summit.

The White House did not immediately respond to a request for clarification of Trump's schedule.

Lopez Obrador invited more than 200 heads of state to the event, according to a report on El Universal newspaper.

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro is among the guests who have confirmed their attendance.

The Trump administration has ramped up sanctions against Maduro's regime, accusing Venezuela's government of profiting at the expense of its people. In October, national security advisEr John


Bolton announced a gold embargo against key entities connected to Maduro, and labeled Venezuela, along with Cuba and Nicaragua, as part of a "Troika of Tyranny" in the Western Hemisphere.

A senior Trump administration official told The Hill in October that Maduro's attendance would have no effect on Pence's plans.

Polevnsky has in the past drawn criticism for her praise of the Venezuelan regime, particularly former President Hugo Chavez.

Cuban President Miguel Diaz Canel will also be attending Lopez Obrador's inauguration.Plants Can Recognize and Prefer Their Kin

HAMILTON, Ontario, Canada, June 13, 2007 (ENS) – The apparently passive garden plant is not as easy-going as people assume, at least not with strangers. Researchers at McMaster University have found that plants become competitive when forced to share a pot with strangers of the same species, but they are more friendly when potted with their siblings.

"The ability to recognize and favor kin is common in animals, but this is the first time it has been shown in plants," said Dr. Susan Dudley, associate professor of biology at McMaster University in Hamilton.

"When plants share their pots, they get competitive and start growing more roots, which allows them to grab water and mineral nutrients before their neighbors get them," Dudley explains.

Biologist Susan Dudley


is the first to discover that plants recognize their kin. (Photo courtesy McMaster University)

Because differences between groups of strangers and groups of siblings only occurred when they shared a pot, the root interactions may provide a cue for kin recognition.

Though they lack cognition and memory, Dudley says the study shows plants are capable of complex social behaviors such as altruism towards relatives.

Like humans, says Dudley, the most interesting plant behaviors occur beneath the surface.

Dudley and her student, Amanda File, observed the behavior in sea rocket, Cakile edentula, a member of the mustard family native to beaches throughout North America, including the Great Lakes, where McMaster is located near Lake Ontario.

The American sea rocket grows on sandy beaches above the high tide line. (Photo by Virginia Kline courtesy U.joked.

How the plants learn which neighbor is a relative is still a mystery. Dudley speculates that a protein or chemical signal specific to each plant's family might be secreted and detected by other roots nearby.

The study was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. It appeared Tuesday in the Royal Society journal "Biology Letters."


appeals the sentence for

the supervised release violation, arguing that a consecutive sentence is

substantively unreasonable. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we

affirm. 1

                                    Background

       Corrales-Felix is a citizen of Mexico. He was first deported in 2002. In

2005, he reentered the United States and was eventually arrested, charged, and

convicted of illegal reentry in federal district court in Arizona. He was sentenced

in the 2005 case to forty-two months imprisonment and thirty-six months

supervised release. After serving thirty-one months of his sentence,

Corrales-Felix was released in April 2008, and again deported.

      In January 2009, while he was still on supervised release, Corrales-Felix

illegally reentered the United States. A month later, he was arrested and charged

in Adams County, Colorado, with vehicular eluding and driving under the

influence of alcohol. While in state custody, Corrales-Felix came to the attention

of federal authorities. In June 2009, he was indicted for illegal reentry. Shortly

thereafter, the probation office filed a petition against Corrales-Felix, charging

that his 2009 illegal reentry violated the terms of the supervised release imposed

in connection with his illegal reentry conviction in 2005.

1
      Appeal No. 09-1568 is the appeal of supervised-release sentence; Appeal
No. 09-1572 is the illegal reentry case.


Quite how the name ‘syphilis’ came in to common usage is a story as long as the history of the disease. The origin of the disease itself has been debated since the late 15th century. Its appearance has at one time or another been attributed to the Moors, the Beggards (a mystic sect), God’s Anger, Spaniards mixing lepers’ blood with Greek wine, the result of the coupling of a leprous knight and a courtesan (or of men and monkeys), or merely as a new form of plague or leprosy.

Eventually a consensus of sorts was reached that the conjunction of Saturn with Jupiter in the sign of Scorpio and the house of Mars on 25th November 1484 was the certain cause of the disease. Not long after this, thedebate moved on to whether or not the disease had in fact been transferred from the Americas to Europe aboard Spanish ships during the voyages of Columbus.

From the 1490s to the present day the disease has been referred to by hundreds of different titles. The full history of the changing terminology of this disease is a subject too lengthy to fully cover in a blog post. What follows is the (extremely) short version. Prepare for sweeping generalisations, leaps in time and broad strokes ahead.

The early years – The blame game

In the early years (roughly 15th-16th century) of the documentation and distribution of literature and knowledge around syphilis, it was referred to by a vast number of different names. All followed much the same pattern: find out who gave


it to you – name it after them. There are quite a few mentioned in this passage from ‘The History of Syphilis‘ by Claude Quétel:-

“Each newly affected country lost no time naming the new disease after the neighbour which it suspected, usually with good reason, of having been the source of the contamination. The following gives an idea of the variety of the names: the Muskovites referred to it as the Polish sickness, the Poles as the German sickness, and the Germans as the French sickness – a term of which the English also approved (French pox) as did the Italians (which presented certain difficulties). The Flemish and the Dutch called it ‘the Spanish sickness’, as did the inhabitants of North-west Africa. The Portuguese called it the Castiliansickness’, whilst the Japanese and the people’s of the East Indies came to call it ‘the Portuguese sickness’. Only the Spanish, oddly enough, did not call it anything”†

This naming convention could also become quite local with various towns in France blaming their neighbours and giving rise to names such as ‘peste de Bordeau’, ‘Les fiebvres Sainct-Job’, ‘mal du Carrefour de Poitiers’ and so on. Eventually Europe, as a continent, largely settled on blaming the French and many hundreds of books and pamphlets were published using variations on the name ‘Morbus Gallicus‘: the French Disease.

The middle years – The shame game

As time passed and a greater emphasis was placed on diagnosis and cures, the focus on local or national level blame for the suffering caused by syphilis was replaced


by a move towards shaming those who had contracted this awful disease. It is at this time (very roughly late 17th-18th century) the term ‘Lues Venerea‘ becomes over time, in a still crowded field, the most commonly used term for the disease: the literal Bane or Blight of Venus.

The sufferers of lues became pariahs of society, shunned as victims of a righteous punishment for their undoubtedly wicked behaviour. This leads to the rise of the notion of poisonous women, an increased vilification and fear of women (almost never men) involved in prostitution, and being afflicted by the disease being seen as a sure sign of licentious behaviour. This sexual stigma carried by the disease ensured that sufferers were presumed to be neither virtuous nor wholesome.

The truth was, asis usual, far more prosaic. You were as likely to be afflicted with a case of lues from a simple frolic as from any other more degenerate encounter:-

A gossiping Baron relates a tale of a noble young lady afflicted by lues venerea after a “frolic” in an 18th century note in the margins of a copy of ‘De morbis venereis libri sex‘ by Jean Astruc (Paris, 1736) Sp Coll BG57-b.9

The latter years – The name game

While the name syphilis had been used sporadically throughout the preceding three hundred years it was not until the 19th century that the name began to gain real traction and in time became the only term used for the disease. It was coined in one of the very earliest documents produced on the


disease: Giralamo Fracastoro’s “Syphilis, sive Morbus Gallicus” (Syphilis, or the French Disease). Produced in 1530 it takes the form of an epic poem and relates the tale of the eponymous shepherd ‘Syphilis‘ who turns his back on the Sun God, leads the people in worship of the earthly King, and is struck down with a ferocious sickness in retaliation:-

“Straightaway an unknown pollution was born to flood the blasphemous earth. The first man to display disfiguring sores over the body was Syphilis, who by the shedding of blood instituted divine rights in the king’s honour and altars in the mountains sacred to him; he was the first to experience sleepless nights and tortured limbs, and from this first victim the disease derived its name and from him the farmers While employed by Eastern, Del Casal twice unsuccessfully attempted to become a member of ALPA, the exclusive bargaining agent for Eastern's pilots.  Both times he was rejected on the basis of his incompetency as a pilot.

9
On May 29, 1975, Del Casal was discharged from Eastern on the ground that he was an incompetent and unsafe pilot.  He immediately filed a grievance pursuant to the collective bargaining agreement between ALPA and Eastern.  During the initial stages of the grievance procedure, Del Casal was assisted by John Loomos, an ALPA staff attorney.  When the grievance was rejected at the initial stages, Del Casal requested a hearing before the Eastern Airlines Pilots System Board of Adjustment (System Board).  The System Board, composed of two members


from Eastern and two members from ALPA, is an arbitration tribunal established pursuant to the Railway Labor Act, 45 U.S.C. § 184 and the collective bargaining agreement between Eastern and ALPA.1

10
Before the System Board hearing was held, Loomos, the ALPA staff attorney, advised Del Casal that he would not be allowed to represent him at the hearings.  ALPA had instructed Loomos to cease handling the case because Del Casal was not a member of the union.  In his letter to the appellant informing him that he would no longer be representing him because he was not a union member, Loomos advised Del Casal to retain the services of another attorney.  Del Casal took this advice and retained an attorney, David Block, to represent him interminating Del Casal.  Del Casal was represented by retained counsel Block throughout the proceedings.  On February 7, 1977, the System Board issued a ruling finding that Eastern was justified in terminating Del Casal.

13
Subsequently, Del Casal instituted an action seeking to set aside the decision of the System Board and to be granted a de novo review of his claim of wrongful discharge.  The thrust of his complaint was that his hearing before the System Board was a sham and a mockery of justice because all of the board members were biased against him.  A claim was also presented against ALPA for monetary damages resulting from ALPA's alleged breach of its duty of fair representation.  The district court granted appellant's motion for summary judgment


made allegations covering these three grounds, in his briefs filed on appeal he specifically states that he does not contend that he fits within these statutory exceptions.  Instead, appellant argues a judicially created ground for review and contends that the System Board's order should be set aside because all the members of the arbitral body were biased against him; and he was thus denied fundamental due process.  He argues that he could not have a fair hearing before a System Board composed of two company-appointed members and two union-appointed members.  However, he has made no showing of partiality or bias on the part of individual members of the System Board.

17
This court has previously rejected the contention that a System Board's holding must be set asidethe integrity of the arbitration proceeding is mere conjecture and invalid.  The district court was, therefore, correct in concluding that the System Board's order denying relief to appellant Del Casal is final and binding and Eastern was correctly dismissed as a party defendant in this case.

III. ALPA's Appeal (No. 79-2953)
A. The Duty of Fair Representation

22
On appeal, ALPA contends that the district court erred in holding that the union violated its duty of fair representation by refusing to provide Del Casal with a union staff attorney to represent him at the System Board hearing.  ALPA argues that the services of a staff attorney are one of the benefits of union membership and the furnishing of such is not required by contract or law.  Furthermore, the union


Stephen Bannon, center, walks with Reince Priebus at Trump’s New Jersey golf club on Nov. 19. The former Breitbart News chairman has been appointed senior White House counsel in the president-elect’s administration. (Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post)

In the fall of 2015, before Stephen K. Bannon became a trusted adviser to the next president, he launched a daily three-hour radio show that catered to what he called “those ‘low-information’ citizens who are mocked and ridiculed by their ‘betters’ — the clueless elites.”

Bannon welcomed guests whose views, he often said, had been suppressed by the left’s political correctness.

He gave regular airtime to Milo Yiannopoulos, who was banned from Twitter after cheering on supporters who barraged “Ghostbusters” actor Leslie Jones with racist and sexist tweets. Bannon described an anti-Islamic activist who campaignsBannon rose from provocateur to Oval Office confidant is the story of a man who, like Trump, now rages against the system from which he benefited for years.

Bannon and Trump participate in a roundtable with the Republican Leadership Initiative at Trump Tower in New York in August. (Carlo Allegri/Reuters)

As a graduate of Harvard Business School, a former Goldman Sachs investment banker and a Hollywood movie producer, Bannon is in many ways an example of the bicoastal elite that he now disdains.

Although Bannon and those close to him have said he is not racist, he has nonetheless shown a willingness to accommodate “fringe organizations,” as he described the extremists attracted to populism in a 2014 address unearthed by BuzzFeed. Eventually, those elements would fall away, he assured the audience:


said Mike Bannon, who works in finance and still lives in their home town of Richmond. “He’s a man for the forgotten man.”

Bannon is known for becoming consumed with whatever endeavor is before him. When something goes awry, he is quick with an expletive. At times, colleagues said, he would remind those around him that he had a Harvard degree.

Brazenness, canny intuition and luck drove Bannon to a series of unexpected successes. When he ran a boutique investment bank, a bet on the library of Castle Rock Entertainment in the 1990s scored him a lucrative royalties stream from a then-little-known show called “Seinfeld.”

His direction of a glowing biopic of former President Ronald Reagan in 2004 brought him into contact with the late conservative media agitator and entrepreneur AndrewSchool, an all-boys military academy.

Students were not exposed to much of the counterculture of the time.

“We had to take Latin and logic — everyone had to take a classical education program and a heavy dose of values,” said Patrick McSweeney, an old family friend. “At that time, most of the teachers were monks. It was very definitely a religious education.”

McSweeney, a lawyer who went on to be chairman of the state Republican Party, said Benedictine was racially integrated long before Richmond public schools, which did not integrate until the 1970s.

Bannon’s first foray into his brand of disruptive politics came in 1975, during his junior year at Virginia Tech, when he launched an upstart bid for student body president, challenging the established order.

He chose as his running mate a


Harvard Business School, he scored a job at Goldman Sachs in the middle of the heady 1980s, eventually moving to Los Angeles to focus on media mergers and acquisitions.

In the late 1980s, he and some Goldman colleagues broke off and formed their own investment bank, Bannon & Co., housed in an office on Canon Drive in Beverly Hills, Calif. They quickly gained traction by drilling into the details of a media company’s library, outmaneuvering goliaths such as Goldman in the process.

“We were two guys trying to buck the system, not being the traditional establishment investment bank,” said Scot Vorse, a close friend since business school who joined Bannon in the enterprise. “We were of an attitude that we’re going to do something different.”

During this time, Bannon was hiredaback when Bannon added a coda to the Reagan film warning of the threat of “the beast” over images of Muslims praying, terrorist camps and people falling to their deaths from the World Trade Center on 9/11. A few years later, Jones said, she declined to work on a project he pitched about the rise of “Islamic fascism” in the United States that would have opened with an image of the American flag dissolving into the Islamic crescent and star.

“It offended me,” Jones said. “Everything about what he’s become baffles me.”

In recent years, Bannon has expanded his efforts to influence the political debate by setting up nonprofits to spearhead independent research, most notably through the Florida-based watchdog group Government Accountability Institute. Bannon served as chairman of the group,


whose directors included Rebekah Mercer, a daughter of hedge fund executive and conservative megadonor Robert Mercer.

Schweizer, the president of GAI, authored “Clinton Cash,” a book that lacerated Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton for her ties to wealthy interests. Bannon turned it into a documentary that was released earlier this year. It was produced in part by a company called Glittering Steel, which shared a Beverly Hills address with both Breitbart News and the data analytics firm Cambridge Analytica — both of which have financial backing from Mercer, who also financed a super PAC supporting Trump. Cambridge Analytica also worked directly for the Trump campaign this year.

The first rule of ‘Fight Club’

Bannon joined the board of Breitbart News in 2011. The following March, the site experienced an unexpected transformationPlaintiff's claims in this lawsuit center on the alleged conditions of his incarceration at these two facilities. On July 9, 2001, Plaintiff was transferred to a federal correctional facility in Texas. This lawsuit does not involve the alleged conditions of his incarceration in that Texas facility, or any other facility to which Plaintiff was subsequently transferred.

3
In this suit, Plaintiff claims that "his Eighth Amendment rights to medical care were violated by the deliberate indifference of prison officials at FCI El Reno and FTC Oklahoma City in failing to treat a pinched nerve in his neck." Plaintiff also claims that "his Eighth Amendment rights to be free from unreasonable exposure to secondhand smoke were violated by the actions of prison officials at FCI El Reno in requiring him to


be housed in a smoking unit and in a cell with a chain-smoker despite [Plaintiff]'s requests for non-smoking housing."1

4
Plaintiff initiated this suit in December 2002 by filing a pro se complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma.2 On December 16, 2002, the district court referred this case to a magistrate judge for initial proceedings. On September 2, 2003, Defendants moved to dismiss the suit. On February 2, 2004, the magistrate judge recommended that the case be dismissed without prejudice based on Plaintiff's failure to exhaust his administrative remedies. On March 30, 2004, the district court adopted the magistrate judge's report and recommendation over Plaintiff's objections and dismissed the case. On August 9, 2004, Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal.

II. Analysis

5
A. Plaintiff's Failureas it related to FCI Bastrop. Likewise, the Regional Director did not mention FCI El Reno in his response to Plaintiff's appeal of the Warden's determination. Finally, the response to Plaintiff's appeal to the Office of General Counsel states that "the Warden and the Regional Director adequately responded to the issues [Plaintiff] raised in [his] appeal." The response does go on to paraphrase the general policy of FCI El Reno regarding the incarceration of smokers and non-smokers, stating:

19
At FCI El Reno, inmates are allowed to smoke inside their assigned cells only, with the cell door closed, on a designated smoking range. Staff at FCI El Reno ... assign smokers and non-smokers to cells accordingly upon arrival to the unit. The sharing of a cell or living area between


by 7 points, a real recovery that limits the decline in RevPAR. Especially since the market is stable with the number of competitors equal or even slightly down and the room supply around 9,000 for several years. On the other hand, demand is increasing, with an increase in arrivals at the airport, an increase in the number of overnight stays between 2016 and 2017..... And the OR is up even as the number of Airbnbs has exploded and is approaching number of rooms: 7,276 Airbnb listings vs 9,377 hotel rooms. The supply is almost stable, demand is rising, prices are attractive: it was a good year for Nice.

The effects of seasonality need to be qualified. Key figures for tourism in the Côte d'Azur, published by the tourism observatoryon the coast (affiliated with the Côte d'Azur France regional brand, itself linked to the Regional Tourism Council), show 6 out of 10 nights in the summer. Of course, the figure is very high, but it concerns the entire coast and all types of accommodations. And this figure of 6 nights out of 10 must be qualified, again according to the observatory, fewer than 1 in 2 tourists come during the summer period. 16% of tourists come for business, so mostly off-season. As for business tourism, Nice is ahead of the curve, with the Grand Arénas, where a new exhibition centre is expected to open in the coming years.

Hotel openings are scheduled in the near future, particularly in the Grand Arénas business district, with an Okko and a


Sheraton. The 160-room Plaza, one of Nice's iconic hotels, is expected to be completed in 2019 and become a high-end property. Other openings are in the pipeline, such as at the Convent of the Visitation. The number of hotels is stable (closures mainly concern hotels on the outskirts and peri-urban areas) but is expected to increase again.

In short: the market is very solid for the hotel industry.

Contextual details: the problems, the risks

The destination was affected by the attack of July 14, 2016. It took more than 2 years for a return to normal hotel attendance. An attack also increases security costs as well as needs for marketing communications. It is important to remain alert on the security front and to preserve the destination's brand image.

As is often theis fires. In 2018, 47 fires were counted by the Ministry, between 2014 and 2018 an average of 379 hectares per year went up in smoke in the department. Once again, vigilance is essential.

Another aspect typical of Nice: the structure of the population. A third are retirees. However, the latter have recently lost purchasing power, which could slow down consumption and growth in the region. France has a unique age pyramid that over time can cause problems of cohesion, social ties, as well as economic changes with an increase in personal services, health, employment structure, etc. More than a risk factor, they represent data that needs to be known. Something else that is essential to understanding the territory is the weight of the so-called right-wing parties in local


politics. The LR federation of the Maritime Alps is one of the strongest in France, with some 7,000 members: a rare number today. Another important factor is the fact that the Mayor of Nice was Minister under Nicolas Sarkozy's five-year term: local elected officials have influence on a national level. In addition, there is a rivalry between the territory's two important figures, E. Ciotti and C. Estrosi, which is constantly developing through tweets interposed against a municipal background.

Finally, before moving on to the main subject of the Nice metropolis, it is important to consider Eco-Vallée, an operation of national interest. In addition to the risk studies, which were criticized at the beginning of the project, it should be noted that it is still difficult to find information onthe project today: precise delivery date, financing... While the Var Valley is covered with cranes, and it was about time since the projects have been running for 10 years now, a remains to be done. Not to mention the necessary after-the-fact studies to determine the real impact of the money spent, meaning 300 million euros provided by taxpayers, with the rest from private funds (80% of the budget according to some sources).

Contextual elements: positive points, the projects

Nice has many projects. The city has the privilege of being the site of one of the few Operations of National Interest (OIN), the most important urban planning tool available in France (13 in metropolitan France). In Nice, Eco-Vallée, i.e. the creation of a district marked by sustainable development along the Var


Valley, from the airport to Bonson. For Nice, this is reflected in three areas: an international business district at the Grand Arénas, a new "Nice Méridias" district, and a new technopole/eco district further north, around the new Stade de la Riviera; delivered in 2013. In addition, there is a market of national interest, the second in France, which will be moved higher up in the valley to make way for the new exhibition centre. The aim is to free the city of Nice of its geographical constraints, between the sea and the Alps, for new development and to shift the centre of gravity to the west, to the Var rather than the coast therefore. There is potential for 3.5 million square meters that can come out of theground. A huge project, started in 2008 and expected to be completed around 2026 (the budget for the operation having been approved until that date). The operation is entering a critical moment: launched 10 years ago, all the appeals have normally been purged and all the problems resolved, some islets and infrastructures have already emerged, and now the operation is accelerating, with many openings planned over the next two or three years. This timing perfectly matches the recovery of tourism in Nice.

First, in the North, between the stadium and the airport, Nice Meridias is part of the OIN. The stadium was delivered in 2013 and has 24 hectares for a district resolutely oriented towards high-tech functions, R&D and innovation, with an idea for a a synergy with Sophia


Antipolis. The project will include 2,500 housing units and more than 150,000 square metres for businesses, research and hotels. The district will house the Mediterranean Institute for Risk, Environment and Sustainable Development (IMREDD), affiliated with the Côte d'Azur University. The Institute's new headquarters is scheduled to be inaugurated in September 2019. Further south is the European Business and Innovation Centre, which hosts or has hosted no fewer than 140 start-ups. The Joia Meridias enclave, dedicated to well-being, should be delivered in 2020.

Further south, just before the airport, the new Grand Arénas business district is developing. This is a 41-hectare extension of the Arénas business district. Two hotels have already been announced in the area, a Sheraton and an Okko, both top-of-the-range, for deliveries between 2021 and 2022. Inparticular, a large exhibition centre is planned, with a surface area of at least 75,000 square metres (a discussion is under way regarding the possibility of adding 30,000 square metres to the complex). The only problem is that the project, if confirmed and budgeted, has also been at a standstill for 2 years, against a backdrop of controversy between local political leaders via tweet, due to a delay in moving the national market currently occupying the site: in short, work has not progressed. A point to watch out for when creating any offer: while the exhibitions will bring overnight stays, it remains uncertain when the first exhibitions will take place....

The whole complex should be connected, as far as the old town of Nice, by new tramway lines. These


will intersect at a large multimodal station, at the airport, that will allow you to go north, along the Var Plain, or east, along the coast to the old town and the port. These two new lines should be operational in 2019. In the third quarter for the east-west line, and at the end of the year for line 3 in the valley.

As for events and other important dates for the coming year, it should already be noted that the stadium in Nice will host matches of the Women's World Cup, which will take place in France in 2019. There will also be the Nice International Fair in March, at the Acropolis, the Bridal Fair, the Art3f for Contemporary Art, Nice Jazz Festival, Carnival (which seems to havenew ambitions this year)... enough to keep the city that has just renovated Garibaldi Square and one of its train stations going.

Another undoubtedly positive point is the establishment by the Regional Tourism Council of a territorial brand intended to be strong: Côte d'Azur France. It is the only brand of its kind that has added the name "France" directly to its identity. The brand was launched just after the attacks. The terms are also used in the marketing of the Nice office, which is called "Nice, Côte d'Azur". The whole replaces the former Nice & Smart brand in Nice. These brand creations were a necessity to restore the image of the coast after the attack. The operation is classic, ambassadors, partners, advertisements on social networks. The brand now


seems very interesting, but conspiracy theories have always been there.

China and Russia put the blame on some screwed up experiments of US for the earthquake that happened in Haiti.Chinese and Russian Military scientists, these reports say, are concurring with Canadian researcher, and former Asia-Pacific Bureau Chief of Forbes Magazine, Benjamin Fulford, who in a very disturbing video released from his Japanese offices to the American public, details how the United States attacked China by the firing of a 90 Million Volt Shockwave from the Americans High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facilities in AlaskaIf we can recollect a previous news when US blamed Russia for the earthquake in Georgio. What do you guys think? Is it really possible to create an earthquake by humans?I came across thisCasting "Beautiful," a seductive musical about the dramatic journey two first-time producers and their cast of dancers face as they pursue center-stage stardom on Broadway. Producer states: "The performances of the dance company will take audiences on a thrilling journey through decades of music that incorporates sexy and seductive smash-hits ranging all the way from the 1920’s to current day. "Beautiful" brings world-class dancing, captivating vocals and a powerful storyline together for an all-new musical theatre experience. This is a sexy show but is not a topless show. "Beautiful" has been in the making for two years. The show has been work-shopped and built in Los Angeles and is now launching in Las Vegas."

Rehearsal and Production Dates & Locations

Rehearsals begin late May 2013; performances begin July 2013 at


in crisis, particularly related to the opioid epidemic, and we must act now to improve access to treatment."

Boosting reimbursements for providers is a move mental health advocates have long urged. The idea was also highlighted by USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin's Kids in Crisis series as a method to improve a statewide shortage of mental health providers.

Currently, mental health providers who help people under Medicaid are often reimbursed by the government for only about half their costs, according to Linda Hall, executive director of the Wisconsin Association of Family and Children's Agencies. As a result, providers limit how much time they spend with these clients.

The new policy, Hall said, “will allow us to serve more people and hopefully pay people better so they can come into the field."

Medicaid is ahealth assistance program for disabled, elderly and low-income residents that receives funding from state and federal taxes. In Wisconsin, Medicaid assistance for low-income families and individuals is called BadgerCare.

About 1 million people in Wisconsin use Medicaid for health insurance. About half of them are children, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. State health officials said more than a 100,000 people under Medicaid received outpatient mental health or substance abuse services last year.

Wisconsin spends about $1,800 per child enrolled in Medicaid, ranking it second lowest in the nation, according to Kaiser. The state also spends less than most states on adults, at about $3,000 each.

The Wisconsin Council on Mental Health has been pushing the state to bump Medicaid payment rates up to match rates provided by Medicare, the federal


effort.

In March, Erpenbach repeatedly pressed Walker's top health official at a state budget hearing to support increasing provider rates for mental health services but got little traction. At that time, Department of Health Services Secretary Linda Seemeyer said more study of rates was needed and expressed doubt that higher rates would expand services. "Perhaps," she said.

Erpenbach said he didn't yet know the details of the new rate hikes and whether more could still be needed.

Advocates with Mental Health America and Wisconsin Family Ties said they were hopeful about the investment, but wanted to see details about the new rates.PDF enabled but not functional on Adobe Digital Editions readersePub enabled but not functional on Adobe Digital Editions readersOnline Reader on

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About the author

Klaus Hermann is a senior scientist at the Fritz-Haber Institute and staff member of the Physics department of the Free University Berlin (Germany). He obtained a PhD in Physics from the Technical University Clausthal (Germany), worked as postdoc in Mexico and the USA before being appointed Professor at the Technical University Clausthal. He was visiting professor in the USA, Austria, Poland, Spain and in Hong Kong. Klaus Hermann has (co-)authored 175 scientific publications, three books, two scientific movies,


and different software projects on various subjects of surface science, catalysis, quantum chemistry, and computer science. He is co-author of the open Surface Structure Database, formerly NIST Surface Structure Database.

more

A valuable learning tool as well as a reference, this book provides students and researchers in surface science and nanoscience with the theoretical crystallographic foundations, which are necessary to understand local structure and symmetry of bulk crystals, including ideal and real single crystal surfaces. The author deals with the subject at an introductory level, providing numerous graphic examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism. The book brings together and logically connects many seemingly disparate structural issues and notations used frequently by surface scientists and nanoscientists. Numerous exercises of varying difficulty, ranging from simple questions to small research projects, are includedin their representative capacities the sum of $20,000.00 as the reasonable value of his legal services and the additional sum of $5,000.00 for the plaintiff's attorneys' fees under Tex.Rev.Civ. Stat.Ann. art. 2226. The judgment of the Court below is affirmed.
Mary Ann Spires died in El Paso County on August 9, 1971. An application to probate her will and certain codicils was filed in the Probate Court of El Paso County, and immediately a contest developed regarding a codicil. On September 27, 1971, pending the contest, a temporary administration for the Estate of Mary Ann Spires, Deceased, was established and the El Paso National Bank was appointed Temporary Administrator of the Estate. The order of appointment authorized the El Paso National Bank to prepare and file preliminary tax returns,


final Estate and Inheritance Tax Returns on the Estate, and to prepare and file an inventory, appraisement and list of claims. The Bank was further authorized "To employ such attorneys, * * * as may be necessary to accomplish the above and foregoing duties and to pay same from the assets of the estate." The Appellee was then retained by the El Paso National Bank, in its representative capacity, to perform certain legal services, including the preparation of a Federal Estate Tax Return, the preparation of an Inheritance Tax Return, and the preparation of Fiduciary Income Tax Returns during the pendency of the temporary administration. In December, 1973, the contest regarding the codicil was concluded by settlement. On December 20, 1973, the Appellee filed an application for paymentof his fees of $20,000.00 and this application was filed with the Clerk of the Probate Court. On the following day, December 21, 1973, the Probate Court established an independent administration for the Estate of Mary Ann Spires and appointed the American State Bank of Lubbock as Independent Executor. It immediately qualified as Executor.
By its first point, the El Paso National Bank complains of the action of the trial Court in entering judgment against it as Temporary Administrator since the undisputed evidence established that the temporary administration was terminated on December 21, 1973, because it was on that date that the independent executorship was established. It is that Bank's contention that after December 21, 1973, the Bank no longer represented the Estate of Mary Ann Spires, Deceased, and


could not take any action on behalf of that Estate.
When the Appellee filed suit for his attorney's fees, he sued only the El Paso National Bank, both in its individual and in its representative capacity as the Temporary Administrator. That Bank immediately filed a third-party action against the American State Bank of Lubbock as Independent Executor of the Estate, reciting the appointment and qualification of the Independent Executor as of December 21, 1973, and claimed that the liability for the attorney's fees of the plaintiff should only be asserted by the plaintiff against the third-party defendant, and, alternatively, that if the El Paso National Bank was liable that it have judgment over against the Lubbock Bank. Thereafter, the plaintiff added the Lubbock Bank as a direct defendant tothe Estate, and the *808 value gained to the Estate because of his services as well as his time spent. Two attorneys, who qualified as experts, supported his claim.
On the other hand, the Appellants pointed to delays which they claim Mr. Leeper caused the Estate; that all information needed in filing the returns were furnished by the Temporary Administrator in the form of computer print-out sheets, and that from this information little additional work needed to be performed by the Appellee; that most of the time which Mr. Leeper and his associate spent was worthless and wasted effort; and that all of the real work on all the complicated matters was performed by the El Paso Bank and Mr. Mounce. The Appellants, by their cross examination, attempted to


while saving you over 15%. Like all Trails Illustrated maps, the Black Hills National Forest Bundle set is frequently revised and printed on waterproof, tear-resistant material to stand up to all conditions. This detailed topographic recreation map bundle contains carefully researched trails, campsites, forest service roads, and points-of-interests. Includes UTM grids for use with your GPS unit.

Follow the journey of a rebel named Black Wolf who breaks from his pack and survives to be one of the oldest wolves in Yellowstone. He'll travel paved roads most wolves avoid at all costs as he ventures out to mate with a rival pack's females. At nearly twice the age most wolves reach, Black Wolf's unorthodox lifestyle likely means he has more pups than any wolf in Yellowstone.

Our deluxe cuckoo clockwhen printed in high-contrast black and white. Hand-pieced and hand-printed, this elegant jacket pairs sections of classic block-printed patterns with swaths of solid black, resulting in a stylish and easy-to-wear celebration of an ancient art form.

This fully adjustable twill baseball cap is comfortable, stylish and offers great protection from the sun. Made of 100% cotton, this cap is embroidered with our National Geographic logo on front and embroidered with our headquarters location, ''Washington D.C.'' on the back. Adjustableone size fits all.

This two-sided map includes Black Canyon National Park, Gunnison Gorge Wilderness, and portions of Gunnison Gorge National Conservation Area. South Rim trails include: Rim Rock Trail; Uplands Trail; Oak Flat Loop; Cedar Point Trail; and Warner Point Trail. The North Rim trails include: Chasm View Trail; North Vista


the pickup 10 starts normal reading of information corresponding to a single rotation of the disk from the position indicated in FIG. 1C. When the recording disk makes the single rotation from the position indicated in FIG. 1C, after the single rotation of the recording disk, the pickup 10 reaches a position indicated in FIG. 1D, and reading of information from the tracks 4 to 6 is completed.
By repeated reading of information corresponding to a single rotation of the disk and alternately jumping the tracks, reading of information corresponding to three tracks is achieved every time the recording disk makes a single rotation.
However, because the recording disk is rotating while the pickup 10 is jumping over the tracks, a position of the pickup 10 just after the trackIn a world in which 50 percent of the population is virtually excluded from the benefits of information and communication technology, bridging the digital gap has become an imperative for the international community, particularly for the industrialized countries. The objective of this study is to define the role of new communication technologies in shaping good governance and people-centered development in accordance with the principles contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The extensive and diverse efforts to use information and communication technology to improve public administration and strengthen democracy being carried out by the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are the primary catalyst for this book.


Q:

Series about three children with powers, one telepathic; unfinished when I was in school

So when I was in grade school, I started reading a series of books that I remember really enjoying, There's little I remember other than:
It was about, I believe, three kids who had powers. One of those powers was telepathy and the author used asterisks instead of quotations to show telepathic conversations.
The reason I never finished the series was because the last book hadn't come out yet. This had to have been sometime probably in the late 90's.

A:

This sounds like it might be the Diadem series by John Peel. The first book in the series, Book of Names, was published in 1997.
The series is about three teenagers who have powerful magical abilities, but are initiallyand modern examples of air pollution poetry this list of works about air pollution is a great resource for examples of. Learned lesson essay dying essay on color education in slums essay on behaviour urdu islam computer paper research on social media pollution effects essay urdu language essay about culture differences jordan essay writing topic my school father essay about meeting doctors. Thermal pollution is the harmful release of heated liquid into a body of water or heat released into the air as a waste product of a business a common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power station s and industrial manufacturers.

Urdu essay on air pollution

Essay on air pollution in urdu – woodartdesignitair pollution, water pollution and noise pollution the


JIM’S MOVIE CHEAT SHEET – 31 March

JIM’S MOVIE CHEAT SHEET – 31 March

BARBIE FLICK ON HOLD FOR NEW LEAD

What was shaping up as the most intriguing bit of casting since Dwayne Johnson was cast as The Tooth Fairy has unfortunately bitten the dust. Naughty-girl comedian Amy Schumer was all set to star as iconic doll Barbie in a fully authorised, live-action comedy film, and had made clear to cynics expecting a satire of her respect for the doll and its role in the childhood of several generations of women.

The pull-out has been put down to nothing more than the usual ‘scheduling conflicts’ and the film is now in search of a new blonde to lead the show, which would show Barbie being exiled from Barbie Land and sentPromoted, owned and managed by UNIFE – the European Rail Industry Association – IRIS was first issued in 2006, when certification to IRIS was initially taken up by rail system integrators and equipment manufacturers. Since then IRIS has evolved and gradually extended across the rail sector. Supported in particular by four big names in rail systems manufacturing, the flow of IRIS throughout the supply chain benefits the entire rail industry, resulting in enhanced safety and reliability.

The rail industry is a challenging and competitive market place, governed by legislation, regulations, codes, restrictions and significant expectations. In a safety critical environment, railway operators cannot take the risk of compromising on quality. The purpose of IRIS is to evaluate a business’s management system and provide evidence of best practice.

The Key Benefits


The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is listed as Critically Endangered in Argentina, where a small number persist in the northeastern portion of the country. Although habitat loss and other human impacts have contributed to the populations’ decline, a new report published in mongabay.com’s Tropical Conservation Science, indicates that yellow fever outbreaks in the region are primarily to blame.

Brown howlers as a species are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, inhabiting the Atlantic Forest ecosystem that spans much of Brazil’s southern coast, and into Argentina. However, their range is extremely limited in Argentina, with only a few small populations persisting in the Misiones province at extremely low densities. In 2008 an outbreak of yellow fever swept through the region and decimated howler monkeys, which are particularlyNEXRAD system includes ground-based radar sites distributed across the continental United States. The NEXRAD system is used to create a series of weather products, including base reflectivity, composite reflectivity, hail indices, and storm tracking information, to name a few. Generally, NEXRAD provides an excellent strategic view of the weather situation, but would likely suffer in cockpit applications from latencies due to acquisition, processing and up link.
The pilot community has expressed interest in up-linking ground-based radar images, like those available from NEXRAD, to the cockpit as has been proposed. Several industry-led programs have focused on development of applications for displaying these images in the cockpit of an aircraft. However, as mentioned earlier, these images suffer in cockpit applications from latencies due to acquisition, processing and up-link. On the other


times higher and customers were hit with a
series of rolling blackouts. The group accused BPA, Canada's BC Hydro,
Powerex and Mirant of withholding wholesale power supplies to boost prices
during the crisis. The BPA, which supplies about half of the Pacific
Northwest's power through huge hydropower dams, is owned by the federal
government. BC Hydro is owned by the provincial government of British
Columbia. The FERC dismissed the complaint because the group's allegations
are vague and similar issues were decided by the commission in other
cases.
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Plains States Hit with Icy Storm and Power Outages

    A brutal ice storm in the Plains states and Midwest knocked out power
to one million utility customers, causing some of the biggest
storm-related outages in history, according to the utilities. In Oklahoma,
the governor declared a state of emergency in 28 of the state's 77
counties. The storm may leave some customers without power for up to a
week. Freezing rain and ice downed power lines and snapped trees around
Oklahoma, leaving more than 230,000 customers without electricity with
temperatures in the low 20s. Oklahoma Gas & Electric said it was the worst
storm in the


100-year history of the company in terms of customers
affected. Yesterday evening, about 176,000 OG&E customers still had no
electricity, about 123,000 of them in Oklahoma City. The utility said at
least 60 miles of high-voltage transmission lines, ranging from 69 kV to
345 kV, were on the ground, but it has been able to reroute power around
the downed transmission lines. Kansas City was also hit by the worst ice
storm in 16 years, with more than 100,000 customers without power. Repair
crews from other areas were being brought in to clear downed trees and
restore electricity. Kansas City Power & Light had 90 line crews and 100
tree crews working around the clock. KCP&L said as many as 285,000
customers were without power overnight. In the upper Midwest, the storm
knocked out power to almost 100,000 customersUniversities in Texas have a white supremacist problem. In the past couple of years, but especially since the election of Donald Trump, hate groups have targeted campuses in the Lone Star State with recruiting events and leafletting campaigns. In one case, a group of torch-wielding neo-Nazis had to be booted off the University of Texas campus, and that was in the liberal bastion of Austin. A new report out by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) shows a threefold growth in the number of white-supremacist propaganda efforts on college campuses, with schools in Texas being hit the hardest, racking up dozens of incidents in the past couple of years.

But the Republicans who run the state government in Texas aren't really concerned about the explosion of hate-group recruitment in their state.


Texas State University on Wednesday. Even though the state legislature isn't in session, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick was so worried about the threat of political correctness that he called for an interim hearing to address this invented problem, and the Republican-controlled Senate was only too happy to comply.

The choice of Texas State for the Senate hearing is noteworthy, as the school's campus in San Marcos (about halfway between Austin and San Antonio) has been heavily targeted by white supremacist groups like Vanguard America. These groups have repeatedly hung flyers on campus with neo-Nazi slogans and, in one case, five young men — none of them students — were arrested for criminal trespassing when they were caught posting such flyers.

White supremacists target college campuses, Carla Hill of ADL toldand accusing colleges and other schools of peddling "anti-white propaganda."

"Each time the posters have gone up, we’ve immediately taken them down," university spokesman Matt Flores told Salon, But this isn't the school engaging in censorship of ideas, he added. These flyers were being posted on university buildings and other facilities in violation of rules that apply to everyone, the people hanging them were not students and not authorized to be on campus at all.

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Texas State sophomore Benjamin Salinas, social media director for the school's College Democrats, testified at Wednesday's hearing and said that the whole affair "felt like a giant show" to peddle a fundamentally false narrative that conservatives are "somehow the ones who are oppressed on campus and in society." He told Salon there was no censorship


eyes and opens the tear channels. It's an incredible method for corneal scar treatment in ayurveda, and for diminishing dark circles under the eyes. Anjanam - It helps to expel the contaminations from eyes, and influences it to clear and enhances vision. Gives a general cooling, invigorating and alleviating feeling to the eyes. This corneal scar treatment in ayurveda incorporates releasing of herbal medications to concentrate over the eyes in the body in a consistent stream is named as Anjanam. Shirodhara – This is one of the best corneal scar treatment in ayurveda. Shirodhara is normally done at the beginning of the day or at night. This method expects you to rests on the back. Shirodhara may initially start with abhyangam. After abhyangam, the method for Shirodhara isHeyman) – 3:46
"What a Little Moonlight Can Do" (Woods) – 2:49

Personnel
Billie Holiday with the Chico Hamilton Quintet
Billie Holiday, vocals
Carl Drinkard, piano
Kenny Burrell, guitar
Carson Smith, bass
Chico Hamilton, drums
Narration by Gilbert Millstein
on tracks 1–9 (CD) with
Roy Eldridge, trumpet
Coleman Hawkins, tenor sax
Tony Scott, piano
on tracks 10–18 with
Buck Clayton, trumpet
Al Cohn, tenor sax
Tony Scott, clarinet

Notes

Category:Billie Holiday albums
Category:1956 live albums
Category:1961 live albums
Category:Albums recorded at Carnegie Hall
Category:Live jazz albums
Category:Verve Records live albums
Category:Albums produced by Norman Granz


The Art Department is often the largest film crew. Hundreds of employees make up several divisions, including Art, Sets, Construction, and Property. Let’s take a closer look.

The art department is responsible for visual aspects of filmmaking. This includes everything on a set, as well as the set itself. The department is supervised by the Production Designer.

Throughout filming, sets must evolve. Either they are adjusted, or new sets are constantly built. Many members of the art department are on standby, in case any changes must be made. The positions are incredibly creative and require immense amount of skill and attention to detail. Here is a breakdown of the art department and the duties of each member.

Production Designer

The term production designer was created by William Cameron Menzies. At the time,Menzies (featured below) was working as the art director on the set of Gone with the Wind. He coined the term due to the film’s massive scope.

The production designer is responsible for the entire visual appearance of the film. To achieve the overall look, they will coordinate with the art department, costume department, makeup department, and more.

They not only work closely with the director to bring his vision to life, they also work with the producer to calculate the needed budget. The cost will depend on the type of film, whether the art department has to achieve a modern style set, a fantasy castle, or a sci-fi space ship.

Depending on the production, a production designer may even be hired well before a director. They will look at scripts


to estimate the cost needed to bring the story to life. Once a director is in place, they will collaborate on how to best shoot the film. They will either decide to build sets, use visual effects, or shoot on location.

Once decided, the production designer will deliver sketches and outlines to the art director, who in turn delivers their work to the construction department. The final sets built by the construction department will then help set decorators and prop buyers determine their needs for the film.

The Art Department

The overall art department includes a sub-department also called the art department. This department includes the preliminary designers who will plan the overall look of the film.

Art Director

The art director reports directly to the production designer. They oversee the artists andlast minute changes are needed on set during filming.

Draughtsman (Set Designer)

Draughtsmen are responsible for the technical drawings of sets. Their drawings, computer models, and physical models will include all measurements and materials needed for construction. On many sets, a draughtsman in usually the first assistant art director.

Concept Artist (Illustrator)

A concept artist works on a specific set piece. This includes the design of creatures and monsters to the look of a space ship.

Storyboard Artist

These artists will turn a screenplay into a set of detailed illustrations. Storyboard artists will create storyboards, which the production team uses to plan out every shot. These visualizations are often created well before shooting begins.

The storyboard will show the entire film from the point of view of the camera. It will show camera angles, a


Abhayachandra Seeks Rs 15 Crore to Set up Top-class Aquarium in City

Mangaluru: State minister of youth empowerment and fisheries K Abhayachandra Jain announced here on Sunday that a budgetary sanction for Rs 15 crore would be sought to set up a state-of-the-art aquarium n the city.

He was speaking at the concluding session of Matsya Mela held here. He revealed that the chief minister would be convening a pre-budgetary meeting during the coming week. He would place a demand for a grant of Rs 15 crore for the aquarium.

In a lighter vein, Jain said that he was not a fish-eater, yet would not stay away from the fish festival. On the other hand, he gave ‘clean’ lead to the department of fisheries.Tiffany Renee Maydew at her arraignment in Multnomah County on charges she had sex with a 15-year-old boy who is a friend of her daughter. (April 18, 2013)

PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN) — A Troutdale woman accused of having sex with her daughter’s friend is expected to change her plea, court records show.

Tiffany Renee Maydew was indicted in May by a Multnomah County grand jury on two counts of third-degree sodomy and one count each of first-degree online sexual corruption of a child and third-degree rape.

In April, Gresham police Officer Travis Garrison, a school resource officer for Sam Barlow High School, received a report from Oregon DHS that a parent was having sex with a 15-year-old student. Garrison used district databases to confirm Maydew’s daughter attended the school.

Police spoke to


   Ducksworth alleged that on November 4, 2012, in the parking lot of a
convenience store, he was assaulted by several officers of the Hattiesburg
Police Department. He claimed that an officer stopped him, grabbed him by
the neck, and shoved him against his truck. Then “about a dozen officers”
allegedly kicked, punched, and stomped on him as he lay on the ground. He
alleged that they broke his arm, hogtied him, hit him with a baton, and shot
pepper spray in his eyes. Filing suit against the officers, the Hattiesburg Police
Department, and the City of Hattiesburg, Ducksworth asserted claims under
42 U.S.C. §§ 1983, 1985(e), and 1986, as well as various state law claims.
      Defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the district court granted in
part andto an emergency medicine physician. The admitting physician was unsure of the origin of the symptoms and initially consulted several departments including orthopedic surgery and neurology. However, despite several initial tests, including lumbar CT and MRI, the correct diagnosis was not made until the physician observed coldness and pallor in the lower extremities and the absence of the dorsalis pedis arterial pulse. In our view, a rare disease entity, such as our cases, reveals a weakness in departmentalized clinical services in the hospital. It is likely that a number of clinical departments have treated cases aortic thrombotic occlusion. Upon re-examination, we suspected that the symptoms were the result of spinal cord ischemia, such as anterior spinal artery syndrome. Spinal cord ischemia is characterized by segmental necrosis of the


a deep, dark opening at its bottom.. and somewhere beyond that, soft light filtering through.

Post by Darky on Aug 30, 2019 12:23:34 GMT -6

A tunnel was an invitation for what would have surely been a completely new area inside the Mansion, an opportunity to expand their exploration. But one they didn't need to get into just yet, figuratively or literally. Darky sank a little lower, kicking her feet to fight the buoyancy (the amulet let her breathe but it did nothing to make her immune to regular underwater physics). She surveyed the opening, trying to spot anything beyond, but the disturbed sand made a foggy film in front of her and so she gave up, paddling upwards to the surface.

If getting into the water had been annoying, resurfacingwas just a second chapter in the same book - the fur clung to her like a drowned rat and her hair had to be pushed away from her eyes. Lifting the goggles, it was only then she realized one concerning factor. There was no equillion in the water.

Post by Darky on Aug 30, 2019 12:24:36 GMT -6

Momentary panic gripped her in a fashion not unlike realizing you left a sharp knife on the table of a nursery filled with hyperactive five year olds. City nursery, not her local homeland, that was. Children among the abiharim learned basic living skills from as old as they could lift the relevant tool. Flipping around left, right, front and back, the sphinx spun in water to a cascade of sprays, calling


"Bilious!" every couple of seconds.

A noise caught her ears, off to the far side and she quickly paddled ashore. There, down the beach a good distance away, was the familiar sea foam colour of the wild, prancing around and seeming to chase something fluttering through the air. The sphinx wiped water from her face, squinted and them broke off into a jog with a sigh, eyes able to tell nothing except that it was something pale. As she drew closer the pale form grew dark spots and eventually wings, explaining why it was able to flutter so. The equillion had apparently befriended a little sea bird while she had been underwater.

Post by Darky on Aug 30, 2019 12:25:54 GMT -6

The fact should not have surprised her - Bilious'nature was that of a perpetual foal, regardless of his otherwise somewhat old body. He was giddy and bubbly and friendly, factors which had made him perfect as Nightmare's mate. But those qualities extended beyond that as well.

The bird flew in circles, swooping as the equillion pranced along the sand and ducking around him when he swung his tail around. The idea was not to hit the bird, but to brush it lightly, which the white-black bird was far too agile for. When Bilious finally stopped, sides heaving and bright eyes shining happily, the bird came to perch on his horn.

"Looks like we made some friends," the sphinx said as her jog finally reached the two. Bilious' head turned, but slowly as to not disturb said friend, an


of dust on snow.

A new University of Utah study analyzed the impacts of dust deposition at an alpine study plot in Alta, Utah in the Wasatch Mountains. For the first time, researchers measured dust in the air and in the snow simultaneously. They found that a single dust storm on April 13, 2017, deposited half of all dust for the season. The additional sunlight absorbed by the dust darkened the snow surface, and led to snow melting a week earlier.

PHOTO CREDIT: McKenzie Skiles via USGS LandSat Download Full-Res Image

Using computer simulations, the team modeled where the dust originated. They found that first, ahead of the storm, dust came from the south, but then shifted to the west. The westerly winds brought dust from “hot spots” in the Greatan apparatus for producing rifling grooves in a weapon barrel, in which a drawing head that rotates about its longitudinal axis is drawn through the respective weapon barrel by a drawing rod, and the rifling grooves are cut into the inside surface of the weapon barrel with corresponding drawing knives disposed on the circumferential surface of the drawing head, and wherein:
the drawing head includes a central fastening arbor, which is connectable at one end to a drawing rod, an adjusting arbor, which is mounted on and surrounds the circumference of the fastening arbor in at least a partial region, and is displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the drawing head, and a carrier member, which surrounds the circumference of the adjusting arbor in at least


a partial region, and in which holders that receive drawing knives are disposed;
the holders are disposed in the carrier member for displacement radially outwardly, counter to the pressure of a spring, and are supported on their ends facing the adjusting arbor by slanted end surfaces that rest on corresponding conical regions of the adjusting arbor such that the axial displacement of the adjusting arbor effects the radial displacement of the holders, and thus of the drawing knives; and
the holders are distributed on the carrier member in at least two axially spaced regions that are annular when seen in the circumferential direction. Further, particularly advantageous, embodiments of the invention are disclosed.
The invention is based on the concept of providing the drawing head with a central adjusting arbor, with whichmass hard enough to reflected seismic waves from going all the way through." "Altman had discovered the earth's core." "It was a landmark discovery because it set the stage for the work of another scientist" "Who is about to help revolutionized our understanding of what was happening inside the earth." "With Altman's discovery, many believed that picture of the earth's core was complete." "But in the early 1930, Inge Lehmann wasn't so sure." "Lehmann was a Danish seismologist, who worked extensively in Denmark and Greenland." "Studding the velocity seismic waves from earthquakes" "In 1936, she was analyzing the seismic waves from an earthquake that had occurred several years earlier." "Seismological stations around the world had made recording of the same quake." "By comparing their readings, Lehmann calculated that


which acts as a kind of natural furnace." "What Altman and Lehmann didn't know was what else was this furnace was capable of." "And that's our next great discovery." "A meteorologist named Alfred Wegener was browsing through some books when something caught his eye." "A list of Atlantic plants and animal fossils that had been found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean." "Wegener was intrigued." "How could the same species have gotten from one part of the world to another" "He examined the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa." "And was struck out the shape of the two coastlines might fit together." "The more he looked the more links he found." "Species of land mammals and east Africa also inhabited in theisland of Madagascar" "How did that happenDid the animals evolve at both places at once quiet please" "Or did they somehow cross from one land to the other, swimming hundreds of miles across the Indian Ocean." "And then Wegener saw all clearly" "He realized that all the continents in the world had once formed" "A giant single landmass that he called Pangaea from the Greek pangea meaning all earth." "It was in Pangaea that the plants and animals found on opposite sides of world had once shared the same home." "Then, over hundreds of millions of years, Pangaea had split apart" "And its jigsaw pieces had drifted to their present locations" "Wegener called his theory continental drift." "Wegener wasn't the first scientist to speculate that the earth had


once been dominated by a super continent." "But he was the first to pore together all the evidence and make a strong case for it." "Unfortunately, his peers weren't very accept it." "There was no mechanism to explain how the continents might plow through the oceans" "Continental drift was just too incredible to believe." "As a result, his discovery was largely ignored." "Quiet down or get out of here." "World war two, German U-boat ran the proud" "To track them, the allied forced developed new sonar methods." "And scientists were enlisted to help survey the ocean floor." "When the United States entered the war, Harry Hess was a geology professor in Princeton University." "But he also happened to be a navy reservers." "So it wasn't long before hefound himself command a tank transport ship in the pacific." "To help maneuver when coming in for a beach landing, Hass' ship was equipped with a depth sounder." "Still being a geologist at heart." "He used the sounder to measure the depth of the ocean floor whenever the ship was out to sea." "And what he discovered startled him" "Until the second would war, most scientists imagined the bottom of ocean look like this" "Flat wide with nothing but settlement." "Harry Hass discovered something else entirely." "Mountains, like these here in California with deep canyons and tranches" "Hundreds of high peeks that we now believe are once active volcanoes" "And all of these, at bottom of Pacific Ocean, surprisingly though," "The discovery of the pacific mountain range was


not made Harry Hass part of our great one hundred." "We will get to that in a minute." "To understand where all this headed." "Like to skip a height to another event that set the geology world buzzing" "For years, oceanographers surveyed the Atlantic Ocean." "And taken sonar readings that indicating there was something down there, something big." "They called it the Mid-Atlantic Ridge" "The reason it's so great" "To fills in, a paved a visit to Neal Driscoll." "A geologist at the Scripps institution of oceanography." "One of the big discoveries that was made was that there was this ridge of underwater volcanoes that stood high above the sea floor." "How high is the mountain in the mid-Atlantic" "The average sea floor depth around the order ofabout 4000-5000meters, mid-ocean ridge seize up about 2500 meters" "So, they about two half kilometers on average higher than the surrounding see floor that charly here in blue colors." " So, that's over a mile high." " Yes." "And that's where Harry Hass comes back into the story." "Analyzing course samples in sonar reading around mid-Atlantic ridge, Hass made an astonishing discovery." "A phenomena almost beyond comprehension." "The age of the Atlantic Ocean floor he determined was progressively older, the further moved away from the ridge" "Harry Hass has discovered that the sea floor was spreading." "He concluded that molten rock was being forced up from inside the earth." "And the ridge were then formed into new crust on the ocean floor." "Gradually was pushed away on either


insight, Victor has discovered cosmic radiation." "Electrically charged atomic particles, protons mostly." "Radiation form deep space, powerful enough to penetrate the earth's atmosphere" "And potentially dangerous too." "Capable of causing genetic mutations and cancer" "But the prize didn't shield him from the Nazis." "Hess's wife was Jewish" "And they were marked for entering the concentration camp" "Finally, a Gestapo officer warned them and they fled Austria before they could be arrested." "By 1946, they were American citizens." "And Hess treated his balloon flights for series of scientific tests atop the Empire State Building" "Instead of testing for cosmic rays, Hess now a professor in Ford university" "Went to the empire state building to measure another kind of radiation." "Working high above the New York sky land, Hess analyzedmuch of the sun" "But in 1906, a French geologist named Bernard Brundes made a startling discovery about the field." "Brundes was examining newly formed volcanic rocks near a lava flow in central France." "Lava from a volcano contains minerals from the deep earth." "Inside the molten lava, iron particles are freed to move" "But its flow began to cool and formed into rocks, the iron particles allied themselves according to the earth's magnetic field like a compass." "They become a fossilize snapshot of the earth's magnetic field in action." "But during his research, Brunhes found some of his research contained iron particles that were magnetized in the opposite direction." "Their compass niddle had flipped" "Pointing south instead of north." "This was the moment of discovery." "Brunhes realized


in low line areas" "Born striking resembles with rock normally found at much higher elevation further north." "How did they get there" "One idea put forth was that the rock has been moved by giant glaciers." "That once expanded out of the mountains then retreated to their present locations." "The theory of the ice age was born." "What could cased the ice age happened." "The question remained a mystery until around the First World War." "A Yugoslavia scientist named Milutin Milankovic developed a theory" "At the time, several mathematical models had been developed to explain subtle but significant variations in the earth's orbit around the sun" "The astronomers had calculated that the distance between the two and" "This effect was the sun's energy reaches the earth" "Using theseand other measurements, Milankovic calculated with great mathematical precision" "How the orbital variations has caused major climate changes over the history of the earth." "The changes began when the subtle shift of the earth's orbit" "Produced cooler summers and colder winters." "This change created a domino effect." "That, year after year, century after century," "Allowed the glaciers to expand and ice sheet to grow." "When the orbit of the earth eventually changed again, the ice retreated." "Milankovic had discovered a mechanism to explain the creation of the periodic ice ages." "Today, most of Milankovic's theories had been confirmed and accepted." "It's estimated that the earth may have experienced as many as 17 ice ages over the last several millions years." "With giant ice sheet covering as much as