will think of the way we in the present day mourned our dead?

Loretta Lux (born 1969) was born in Dresden, East Germany and is a fine art photographer known for her surreal portraits of young children. She currently lives and works in Monaco.

Lux graduated from the Academy of Visual Arts in Munich in the 1990s, and debuted at the Yossi Milo gallery, New York in 2004. The show put both Yossi Milo and Loretta Lux on the map, selling out and setting prices never before seen from a new gallery.

In 2005, Lux received the Infinity Award for Art from the International Center of Photography. Her work has since been exhibited extensively abroad, including solo exhibitions in 2006 at the Fotomuseum Den Haag, The Netherlands, and the Sixth MoscowPhotobiennale. Her work is included in numerous museums collections worldwide, including the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum; J.Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Art Institute of Chicago; Israel Museum, Jerusalem; Fotomuseum, den Haag; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid and Musée de l’Elysée, Lausanne, Switzerland, and National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan. She has had portfolios featured in numerous fine art magazines.

The artist executes her compositions using a combination of photography, painting and digital manipulation. Lux’s work usually features young children and is influenced by a variety of sources. She originally trained as a painter at Munich Academy of Art, and is influenced by painters such as Agnolo Bronzino, Diego


MOMA

This kind of art isn’t that new. Marcel Broodthaers created, the Museum of Modern Art’s “Department of Eagles”: an elusive exhibition from 1968 to 1971 of found objects with eagles on them and eagle-related art that he made, though the exhibition was really about appropriating the language and structures of museums and authorities, using the eagle, a symbol of power, as a metaphor. – ref http://cabinet-of-wonders.blogspot.co.uk/2008_02_01_archive.html

OBJECTS – susan hiller

“Richard Wentworth was born in 1947 in Samoa. He attended Hornsey College of Art from 1965 and worked with Henry Moore as an assistant in 1967. He was awarded an MA in 1970 from the Royal College of Art and went on to become one of the most influential teachers in British art over past two decades at Goldsmith’s College,University of London, where he taught from 1971 to 1987. He was appointed by the prestigious German Academic Exchange Programme (DAAD) to work in Berlin from 1993 to 1994, and in 2002 was made Master of the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, Oxford University.

Wentworth emerged as a major British sculptor in the early 1980s. His work centres on the idea of transformation, of subtly altering and juxtaposing everyday objects which, in turn, fundamentally changes the way we perceive the world around us. His palette is one of ladders and lightbulbs, buckets and tins, tables and chairs, sometimes with legs partly sawn off and counterbalanced by a weight as if to defy gravity. In his ongoing series, Making Do and Getting By, Wentworth also uses photography as


a means of documenting what might be called ‘the sculpture of the everyday’: a cigarette packet jammed under a wonky table leg; a makeshift construction to reserve parking space; a bucket jammed on to the side of a dented car so that the headlight can still operate. ‘I live in a ready-made landscape’, he remarked early in his career, ‘and I want to put it to use’.

He was one of the selected artists in the London section of the 2002 São Paulo Biennial and in 1999 curated ‘Thinking Aloud’, one of the most creative contemporary exhibition projects staged in the past five years and which was seen in Cambridge, London and Manchester.”

written by Cass Sculpture foundation

‘ANTHROPOLOGY’ !!

fichli and weiss

visible world –

material world – internet images of ‘world’

but cannotMurdoch expected to announce one company will hold his entertainment businesses, and the other his publishing assets

Rupert Murdoch is expected to announce plans to split his troubled empire in two on Thursday, severing his US media assets from the newspaper division tarnished by the phone hacking scandal.

Murdoch met with key executives on Wednesday at News Corp's headquarters in New York to outline plans for the biggest corporate shakeup in his company's history. According to the News Corp owned Wall Street Journal the evening meeting lasted roughly an hour and a half.

Murdoch told executives one company would house News Corp's entertainment businesses including 20th Century Fox and the Fox broadcast network while another would hold publishing assets including Dow Jones, publisher of The Wall Street Journal, News International, publisher


of and the Times and Sun in the UK, HarperCollins book publishing and News Corp's recently established education business.

The move is volte face for Murdoch who has consistently fought off calls to split his troubled newspaper assets from his more fast growing media assets. The news has cheered investors and News Corp shares have leapt 11% since Tuesday when the media company first confirmed it was contemplating a split.

The move is unlike to end News Corp's legal woes, according to legal experts. US authorities are now investigating the company and executives including Murdoch and his son James, former boss of the News International newspaper division, under the foreign corrupt practices act (FCPA).

The FCPA is a powerful US law used to investigate allegations of bribery by US executives involvingforeign officials and News Corp stand accused of bribing policemen and other officials to obtain stories for its now closed News of the World tabloid and other papers.

The new largely US-based News Corp would be formed from businesses that accounted for $23.5bn (£15.1bn) in revenue in the year ended in June 2011. The publishing arm that would the UK papers, the WSJ and the New York Post, The Australian and the book publisher, as well as HarperCollins generated $8.8bn (£5.6bn) in the same period.

News Corp called in its newspaper editors from around the world on Wednesday to reassure them that the new company remained committed to publishing.

Murdoch's career started in newspapers and as the company's largest shareholder he has, until now, stood firm against calls to split his


photos and telling stories. On her website, one can choose from table lamps, wall lamps, floor lamps, pendant lampshades and exquisite strings of delicate fairy lights. Lamps and fairy lights can also be personalised for weddings and other celebrations.

Hannah has also written a book, titled Illuminate. In her own words...

"It is about contemporary craft lighting. It captures over forty 'light-bulb moments' telling the tales of many designers, ceramicists, furniture makers, blacksmiths and illustrators, all of whom were going about their business when one day something happened: they discovered light! It's been a great honour to connect with lighting makers from across the globe and bring them altogether in a very pretty book. I hope you'll enjoy reading their stories and feasting your eyes on their beautiful work. ItDescription:Barton's The Protector series continues. As the head of one of the strongest agencies in the world, Ellen Denby thought herself invincible--until she comes face to face with the one man who makes her remember what it feels like to love. Secret service agent Nikos Pandarus knows whoever he claims as his own becomes fodder for vengeful foes. Now that fate has brought Ellen into his arms, he swears to protect her. Original.


there was an accident on 520 and I was 15 minutes late, I showed up frazzled. But instead of being rude, she was understanding and pleasant. Apparently she'd showed up early, put our name down on the list, sat at the bar with a glass of white wine. She was even prettier than her pictures, her face had matured, her hair was looser and wilder. She wore a pale yellow strapless top and dark jeans. The curve of her neck and shoulders and collarbone, her tan skin, I tried not to stare. The hostess took us to our table. The bar was loud so we sat on the same side of the booth. She wasn't nervous at all and her hand was ice cold and smooth. She mademe laugh. I was in love with her then, and I knew it, and it was terrifying.I called her the next day, she answered, we made a date. I offered dinner, she suggested the Pink Door. It was Halloween weekend and she wore an outfit that was almost-a-costume. She refused the first table the hostess offered us, requesting one along the banquette. I expected the hostess to refuse, the staff there is infamously snotty, but instead changed direction and took us to the requested table. She seemed to know the staff, the wine-list made sense to her. She over-ordered and ate little. After dinner I walked her to her car, everyone on 1st Ave. looked at her as we walked by. When we got to her car I


kissed her. Afterward she smiled and said goodnight. We had another date, and another, and another, it was perfect, we made-out in her cold car, NPR droning in the background.And then another date- she came over to my place and we watched When Harry Met Sally, she said it was the sweetest movie of all time. We didn't really watch much of it, of course. She said "yes" all night long.. "yes" over and over and over again, and "please." She said "yes" and then "please" over and over, and breathed into me. She left the next morning. "Thanks for having me over," she said. It was raining and cold outside, but I was warm and sleepy. I called into work and went back to bed and wokeMultipotential osteosarcoma with various mesenchymal differentiations in a young dog.
Apparently synchronous, aggressive, mixed mesenchymal tumors in the right tibia, right femur, left femur, and rib cage produced multiple microscopic metastases in the lungs and macroscopic metastases in the liver, kidney, and spleen in a 1.5-year-old, neutered male, mixed-breed dog. No primary soft tissue tumor mass was present. Microscopically, the neoplasm exhibited osteosarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, liposarcomatous, leiomyosarcomatous, fibrosarcomatous, angiosarcomatous, and leukocytic differentiation and was diagnosed as a multipotential osteosarcoma with various mesenchymal differentiation. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasm was cytoplasmically immunoreactive for vimentin, osteonectin, osteocalcin, CD 18, CD 31, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. Oil Red O staining was positive within liposarcomatous areas. Skeletal metastases from a primary bone tumor are exceedingly rare in human and veterinary medicine. However, the history, clinical signs,


25-50% of packaging costs.
Two methods of aligning optical devices are well known in the art. In “active alignment,” one optical device (typically the emitter) is turned on during the alignment process. The light beam emanating from the emitter passes through the fiber and is detected by a photodetector at the other end of the fiber. Relative movement between the emitter and the optical fiber is imparted until the photodetector detects a high or maximum light intensity, which indicates a desirable alignment between the optical fiber and the emitter. A similar process can be used to in aligning an optical fiber and a photodetector, in which relative movement between the optical fiber and the photodetector is imparted until satisfactory alignment is achieved. This trial-and-error method of active alignment requiresEOF Students Speak Out in Support of Counselor After Reports of Military Style Ritual

NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ—Dozens of current and former Rutgers students jumped to the defense of a university employee accused of conducting a “military style” lecture for incoming freshmen in the university’s Equal Opportunity Fund (EOF) program last summer.

Students in the program are typically the first in their family to attend college, and incoming first-year students are required to pass a five-week "Summer Institute" to prepare them for college. The program usually begins just days after the students finish high school.

In the past month, there has been a wide variety of opinions expressed regarding a welcome speech conducted by Eliezer Marcellus that some felt may have gone too far last summer.

Many EOF students cited Marcellus as a


and displayed on comments, there were key differences between the orientation in 2013 and orientations that occurred before.

According to a comment posted on Reddit, a similarly stern lecture was given during the 2012 summer orientation, but students were placed and seated indoors instead of standing at attention in a parking lot.

“I went through the 'ritual' also, a part of the EOF class of 2012. It was the summer class, seated in an air conditioned auditorium room being challenged by Mr. Marcellus and the rest of the staff to do their best in college, and if not then expect to go home,” wrote the anonymous commenter.

"It was a tough-love teaching technique that challenged people, including me, to become our best."

According to a Residence Life employee at Rutgers, the housingHonored and humbled to be named one of Washington, DC's top 25 Most Stylish 2013! This year's Fashion ReDeux celebration takes place on Thursday, September 26 and benefits the Nicole Megaloudis Foundation, an organization that awards scholarships based on leadership qualities and financial need. As someone who grew up in a household where education was, and still is, extremely important, I'm happy to participate in an event that gives back to this great cause.

Fashion ReDeux is a Fashion Show previewing 2014 trends and honoring sports stars, media personalities, fashionistas, entrepreneurs and celebrities that live in the Washington, DC area. Described as "Hot off the runway from Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week, local artists will deliver fashion-forward designs through a unique medium. The 2014 collections will be showcased through exclusive photography


New biotin-conjugated antisera for quantitation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum-specific immunoglobulin A in chicken.
The biotinylation of goat anti-alpha-chains of chicken immunoglobulin A (IgA), suitable for use in an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is described. The optimum conditions for the use of the developed conjugate in determining local and systemic IgA specific to Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chickens were established.On a sunny afternoon in west Beijing, on the auspicious eighth floor of a nondescript concrete high-rise, Huai Yang sits with the curtains drawn in his apartment, making his own luck.

For the past six months, 27-year-old Yang has worked mainly from home, mainly from his sofa, tracking and trading bitcoin, and watching the money roll in. The flat itself is modestly sized; Yang moved in in his pre-bitcoin days when he worked variously for a crowdfunder start-up, a branding consultancy and dabbled in hedge-fund management, all of which he describes as “creative financial work”. Now, though, his main focus is bitcoin, which is “much younger, more fun, and much more money”. Yang claims to make up to 1m yuan (£116,000) a month, under the radar of the taxman,


Torment: Tides of Numenera is an upcoming role-playing video game, currently in development by inXile Entertainment for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux. It is a spiritual successor of the critically acclaimed 1999 game Planescape: Torment.

The game will take place in Numenera, a fantasy campaign setting authored by Monte Cook. It will use the Unity game engine. Like its predecessor, Torment: Tides of Numenera will be primarily story-driven, giving greater emphasis on interaction with the world and characters, with combat and item accumulation taking a secondary role.

The release date was initially set to December 2014 but later shifted to late 2015 and then 2016. More: en.wikipedia.org.MIAMI — Rob Gronkowski left the tight end position in good hands.

For years Gronkowski was the best tight end in the game. He made the biggest play of Super Bowl LIII last year, setting up a New England Patriots touchdown, and retired a couple months later.

It’s probably not a coincidence that the two best tight ends in the game are facing off in Super Bowl LIV. The San Francisco 49ers have George Kittle, the 2019 AP first-team All-Pro tight end, and the Kansas City Chiefs have Travis Kelce, who was All-Pro in 2016 and 2018.

“Just to see the two best tight ends right now in the league in the Super Bowl, it shows how special the tight end position is becoming and how these players are transcending the


WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. unemployment rate fell in September to 3.7 percent, the lowest since 1969, when young men were being drafted to fight in Vietnam and the American auto industry and the space program were going full blast.

The Labor Department reported Friday that the rate edged down from 3.9 percent the month before as employers added 134,000 jobs — a figure that was probably depressed by the effects of Hurricane Florence in the South. Still, it extended an extraordinary 8½-year streak of monthly job growth, the longest on record.

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That run has added nearly 20 million people to the nation’s payrolls since the Great Recession, which cost nearly 9 million their jobs.

The ultra-low jobless rate — the best in nearly 49 years — reflects a healthy economyto modify the March 15 order for fees, but it is evident from
husband’s posttrial brief that modifying the March 15 order was actually litigated at trial.

                                              6
       On the contrary, the September 14 order was a final order, which was later
incorporated into the June 6, 2013, judgment. The trial court was, therefore, limited in its
ability to change the September 14 order. “ ‘Independent of statute, a trial court has
power to correct mistakes and to annul orders and


Ha Sung Woon is also reportedly preparing for his solo debut in 2019, following previous news of his fellow HOTSHOT member Taehyun!

Insiders tell media outlets that Ha Sung Woon plans on releasing his solo album some time in late February to early March of 2019. Previously, Ha Sung Woon's original label Star Crew ENT hinted at plans for former JBJ member Taehyun to make his solo debut in January, before HOTSHOT's full comeback as 6-members some time in April-May.

For the past year and a half, Ha Sung Woon has been active as a main vocalist of project group Wanna One. His final promotions as a member of Wanna One will be through their farewell concert, taking place from January 24-26.

Are you excited for HOTSHOT's various promotion plans inopening in an instrument panel against which an outer periphery of the lid abuts, and pins projectingly mounted on a back of the first protector member at its left and right portions and opposed to pin holes made in the second protector member.
With this knee bolster, if the knee of a passenger strikes against the lid of the glove box at the time of a collision of an automobile, a load due to this striking is initially absorbed by a deformation of the first protector member. When the deformation of the first protector member is further increased, the pins are engaged into the pin holes in the second protector member. This causes the load applied to the first protector member to be distributed over the second protector member,


How Property Taxes are Calculated: A Video(best viewed using Internet Explorer)

Mission Statement

The Sandoval County Assessor's office is committed to serving the citizens of Sandoval County by providing fair and uniform assessments through equitable administration and competent interpretation of the New Mexico State Property Tax Code.

About the Assessor's Office

The Sandoval County Assessor's Office determines the property value of homes, businesses and other taxable properties within the county for ad valorem tax purposes. The office also prepares the tax rolls for the County Treasurer for real property (land and improvements), personal property (business equipment), livestock and mobile homes.

The Assessor's office lists and maintains the records of all real and business personal property located in Sandoval County. The office mails notices of property valuation, assists taxpayers in claiming exemption and maintainsKIEV, Dec. 23 – The Ukrainska Pravda online publication and a group of public activists have presented the Ukraine in Global Ratings project aimed at monitoring the real changes of the country's position in the key international indexes and ratings, on the basis of which the policy towards Ukraine is formed in the world.

MOSCOW, Dec. 23 – The approach by Brussels and Kiev at the talks with Russia on the issue of creating a free trade area (FTA) between the European Union and Ukraine has not been economic, but exclusively political, Russian Minister of Economic Development Alexei Ulyukayev said.

KIEV, Dec. 24 – Parliament has supported a bill submitted by the government authorizing it to take countermeasures in foreign trade in response to Russia's discriminatory actions in relation to


line which runs completely through the packer mandrel for connection to another tool below the packer, such as, for example, a sliding sleeve valve which is hydraulically operated. One such sliding sleeve valve is available from Baker Oil Tools as the CM design. In these installations, the setting of the packer occurs by obstruction of the tubular, followed by a pressure buildup through the lateral opening in the tubular, through the packer. The operation of the equipment below the packer is independent, through the control line, which runs through the body of the packer.
It is thus an objective of the present invention to eliminate the opening in the tubular wall through the packer. Additionally, it is another objective of the present invention to employ the existence of aBulls will be the fourth MLS team Republic FC has faced, joining the likes of the San Jose Earthquakes, Colorado Rapids and Real Salt Lake. New York was the 2016 MLS Eastern Conference regular season champion with an overall record of 16-9-9, but were eliminated from the Audi MLS Cup Playoffs in the Eastern Conference Semifinals by the Montreal Impact.


same day
as this set—Vigo's star perhaps never rose higher than when his lone
feature L'Atalante found its way to the Top Ten of the 1962 Sight and
Sound poll (though he would attain higher positions in later years). Despite
Vigo's critical revival and continued influence on filmmakers, his work has had
spotty availability. The lack of availability, the early (now defunct) genres of
the work, and their perception as early critics' darlings have given Vigo's
films a rarified air, like an exclusive club that only snobby film fans can
belong to. Criterion has changed all that, collecting all four of Vigo's films
into one beautiful set with extras that place this remarkable auteur in his
times and show just how important his brief cinematic achievements continue to
be.

The Complete Jean Vigo (Blu-ray) collects all four of the director's
filmson one Blu-ray disc:

• "À propos de Nice" is a short (23 minute)
"city symphony" that takes a satirical look at the sunny, seaside
town.

• "Taris" is another short (9 minute) film that makes a
motion study of champion swimmer Jean Taris.

• "Zéro de conduit" looks at a French boarding
school with an anarchic eye following the uprising of a few of the students.

• L'Atlante is Vigo's sole feature, and it looks at the
life of Jean, a young man who has just married. On the honeymoon trip
(travelling by boat), his new wife grows restless. On a stopover in Paris, she
decides not to come back. Jean is overcome and must find his wife.

His posthumous fame demonstrates just how ahead of his time Vigo was, but
for all his visionary power, his first two short


films fit rather neatly into
pre-existing film genres that were popular in his day. "À propos de
Nice" fits neatly into other so-called "city symphonies" of the
day, with the most famous example being Dziga Vertov's Man with a Movie
Camera. Ostensibly a documentary (though the idea of what we now consider a
documentary hadn't really solidified yet), "À propos de Nice"
combines scenes photographed in Nice with stop-motion animation and other camera
effects. The film can be read on one level as a kind of "travelogue"
of the city showing us the different kinds of people who inhabit the city. On
the other hand it's a poetic piece of filmmaking that makes a political point by
the breadth of subjects it examines.

Similarly, "Taris" fits neatly into early cinema's experiments
with so-called "motion studies." In their earliest incarnations, these
filmswater. It also helps that the whole thing
seems to have been shot in an alternate world of black-and-white, where this
swimmer swims in some Sisyphean task.

Despite the beauty of these two earlier films, if Jean Vigo had died just
after their completion, he'd be little more than a footnote in cinematic
history, gone like the names of so many other filmmakers from that era. No,
despite the brilliance of those first films, Jean Vigo's reputation rests on his
longer work. "Zéro de conduit" and L'Atalante cemented his
place in the hearts and minds of cinema fans everywhere. And with good
reason.

It's difficult to define precisely what was going on in French cinema as
Vigo reached his artistic maturity. A movement dubbed "poetic realism"
was afoot in France, and Vigo's films fit fairly comfortably alongside those of
contemporaries like


there's L'Atalante. It's a totally trite story: boy marries
girl, girl realizes being married isn't all it's cracked up to be, girl leaves,
boy pines, a search ensues. By all rights, the film should be just another
romantic comedy/drama, long since forgotten by all but the obsessive. Instead,
Vigo threw everything he had into L'Atalante, everything he'd learned on
his previous films, and imbued his final feature with the sense of heightened
weirdness that approaches realism from a different path. Using the water and its
movements as a motif, Vigo constructs a story that meanders like a river but
cuts just as deep. The film also has a dreamlike quality, a feverish intensity
that imbues every aspect of the film with double and triple meanings.

Jean Vigo is obviously the king of this set, but cinematographer Boris
Kaufman islook amazing. This Blu-ray set reveals fine detail,
appropriate grain, consistent contrast, and solid black levels. Despite the fact
that all the movies (and the copious supplements) are on a single disc, no
compression or authoring artifacts to be seen. On the negative side, expect
flicker, a bit of shimmer, and some damage to the prints. None, however, are
present to a distracting degree. The sound has not aged quite as well.
"À propos" was originally silent and has been given a nice score
by Marc Perrone, while the other three films get PCM tracks in uncompressed
mono. The sources aren't pristine, with distortions and some odd mixing now and
again, but they sound good for their age. The three sound features also have
English subtitles for the French audio.

The extras are simply staggering. Scholar Michael Temple shows


up for a
commentary on all four films, discussing their history, filmic techniques, and
impact on the cinematic world. The video centerpiece is an episode from French
television that spends a little over 90 minutes surveying Vigo's life and work,
featuring interviews with friends and collaborators. "Les voyages de
L'Atalante" is almost as interesting. It's a 40-minute documentary
that examines the restoration of Vigo's final film, tracing the fate of its many
prints. We also get some alternate scenes from "À propos de Nice"
that show the different directions the film could have taken. The disc then
moves to more appreciative supplements. We get a 20-minute interview between
French New Wave auteurs Truffaut and Rhomer discussing the influence of
L'Atalante, a 30-minute piece with Russian filmmaker Otar Iosseliani (who
saw the film in the Russian film archive in the 1960s),The Portuguese Inquisition in Goa: A brief history

Goa was one of the three Portuguese Provinces in India for 451 years. The other two Provinces were Damão and Diu. In 1961 India invaded these three territories, liberated and assimilated them into its domain. For centuries, Goa was considered the Rome of the Orient. It was the headquarters of the Catholic Church in the Orient. The tomb of Francis Xavier, who died in 1552, lies in the Igreja do Bom Jesus in the old City of Goa (Velha Goa). Vasco da Gama died here on Christmas night.

Perhaps because of its Catholic fervour, the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa, became the most severe and cruel of all the Portuguese territories.The inquisitors in Goa became the most fanatic and violent of the Portuguese


Catholic Church. Alfredo DeMello, who was born and educated in British India and Portugal, reveals many dramatic facts of the Portuguese Inquisition in Goa.

Alfredo De Mello is also a historian. He has written three books about the Portuguese Nationality of Cristovão Colon (misnomer of Columbus). He wrote two books in English and one in Spanish. The following is the reproduction of his chapter titled ‘Memoirs of Goa.’

The Portuguese, although a small nation, can be proud of their History, and of their achievements not only as experienced mariners discovering new lands, and being undisputed lords of the Seas during the 16th century, but also as colonizers with their settlements all over Asia, Africa and the Far East, carrying on their crusade against their eternal enemies, the Moors ( Muslims),and being proud standard-bearers of Christianity.

Goa was the seat of their sea borne Empire.

However , there was a flaw which crept in just a few decades after their monumental discovery of the sea route to India. The famous historian and writer Teofilo Braga wrote that ‘there are two dates which signal the downfall of the nationality: 1536, when the Inquisition was inaugurated in Portugal, due to the instigations of the Emperor Charles V, of Spain, and with the loss of the freedom of conscience, silencing the poet who had most fought on its behalf, Gil Vicente; and 1580, the national independence becomes extinct on account of the invasion of Philip II (of Spain) who imposed his dynastic rights ‘ (1)

Indeed King D. João III married to Catarina, daughter


of Juana la Loca, was beset by the priests who insinuated the suggestion of fanatism, in order to exploit the obsession of the terrors of afterlife. It is under the crisis of thais moral and political depression that the Company of Jesus entered into Portugal, recommended by the famous pedagogist Dr. Diogo de Gouvea and by the ambassador D. Pedro de Mascarenhas ( later Viceroy in Goa) who was an intimate of the emperor Charles V. The newly founded Company of Jesus, in their Counter-reformation zeal after the Council of Trent, annointed themselves with the title of Apostles. King João III pleaded with the General Ignatius de Loyola in Rome, that he should send missionaries for the Orient. Promptly Francis Xavier was sent to Portugal in 1541.

Already in1545 Francis Xavier wrote to Rome from Goa , asking for the Inquisition to be installed immediately. King João III under the influx of the Dominicans, considered the Inquisitor General to be worth more than royalty itself, and surrendered his powers totally to the Company of Jesus, granting the widest possible powers to the Jesuits, who were able even to alter the civil laws. Even the Viceroys of India were afraid of the Inquisition.,

The Christian religion on account of its mystical passivity leads to a state of apathy. It was a regression to medieval apathy, extinguishing all individualism, by the contemplation of Death and the terrors of Hell, by frequent confessions.

In another chapter dealing with the nefarious, fiendish, lustful, corrupt religious orders which pounced on Goa for the


purpose of destroying paganism and introducing the true religion of Christ ( poor Jesus, if He only knew what was done in His name!), I have dwelt briefly on the Inquisition, which was introduced in 1560 and lasted until the year 1812, that is a span of 252 years, during which period it held its sway with a power that Stalin and other tyrants would have liked to hold. Stalin was a tyrant, murderer, but at least he was not a hypocrite.

Xavier did not see his wish fulfilled, but in the year 1560 the first inquisitors Aleixo Dias Falcão and Francisco Marques, secular canonists, established the Inquisition in Goa. This Inquisition was definitely abolished in 1812 – when the British Forces were occupying Goa – and the fileswere kept first in Goa, and later sent on to Lisbon.

The ‘Holy Office’, as it called itself, settled in the palace of the Sabaio Adil Khan. From 1510 onwards this palace in Old Goa had become the palace of the Governors and Viceroys who lived there until 1554, when viceroy D. Pedro de Mascarenhas, being 70 years old, and very frail, was unwilling to climb the stairs to two stories. Consequently this vacated palace was occupied by the Inquisition six years later. The palace was modified with a chapel, halls of entrance, the hall of audiences, house of despacho, residence of the first inquisitor, house of secret, house of doctrine, any number of cells, and other special ones: of secret, of penitence; of perpetual confinement; of the tortures,


all this within a great building which had an outer wall of seven spans (1.5 mts).

The Palace of the Inquisition was pointed out in awe by Goans, who called it Orlem Goro. or Big House, with two hundred cells. The Inquisition in Goa, on account of its rigors, was reputed to be the worst of the existing inquisitions in the catholic orb of the five parts of the world, as felt unanimously by national and foreign writers.

‘……The inquisition, this tribunal of fire, thrown on the surface of the globe for the scourge of humanity, this horrible institution, which will eternally cover with shame its authors, fixed its brutal domicile in the fertile plains of the Hindustan. On seeing the monster everyone fled and disappeared, Moguls, Arabs, Persians, Armenians,and Jews. The Indians even, more tolerant and pacific, were astounded to see the God of Christianism more cruel than that of Mohammed, deserted the territory of the Portuguese and went to the lands of the Muslims, with whom time had made peaceful living possible, in spite of the fact that they (Indians) had received from them enormous and incalculable evils. In this fashion the fields and cities became deserted as are today Diu and Goa.. ‘ (2)

Alexandre Herculano, a famous writer of the 19th century, mentioned in his ‘Fragment about the Inquisition’: ‘…The terrors inflicted on pregnant women made them abort….Neither the beauty or decorousness of the flower of youth, nor the old age, so worthy of compassion in a woman, exempted the weaker sex from the


brutal ferocity of the supposed defenders of the religion….’

‘…There were days when seven or eight were submitted to torture. These scenes were reserved for the inquisitors after dinner. It was a post-prandial entertainment. Many a time during those acts, the inquisitors compared notes in the appreciation of the beauty of the human form. While the unlucky damsel twisted in the intolerable pains of torture, or fainted in the intensity of the agony, one inquisitor applauded the angelic touches of her face, another the brightness of her eyes, another, the volluptuous contours of her breast, another the shape of her hands. In this conjuncture, men of blood transformed themselves into real artists !!’

In Portugal, the Inquisitors went so far as to excommunicate King Joao IV after his death in1656. The absolution of King Joao IV was done, according to J.C. Barreto Miranda in his ‘Quadros Históricos de Goa’, as follows: ‘…once the king died, the inquisitors ordered the queen D. Luiza de Gusmão, his widow, that she appear with her sons D. Afonso and D. Pedro, and princess D. Catarina ( future Queen of England, by marriage to Charles I) in the cathedral, where everything was being prepared for the burial of her husband.. The inquisitors, wearing their sacerdotal vests leave in procession from the palace of the inquisitor general, cross Lisbon, and enter the church, where a multitude of people had gathered; they climb to the altar; theirhenchmen climb also, and bring down the coffin; they open it, and throw away the cadaver: they undress


the dead king, and leave the body at the feet of the Inquisitor General: The sentence is read whereby he is declared as excommunicated; they proclaim the dead person as enemy of the church; they insult the dead king with offences and vituperations; later they pronounce the absolution. They bestow to the soul of this king the permission to present itself before the eternal judge, order the cadaver to be put back into the coffin, consent to the continuation of the funeral, they sing a Te Deum, and full of pride they return to their tribunal!’

Mr. Alfred Demersay, French commissioner in Portugal and Spain in 1862, on examining the archives of Lisbon where past processes of inquisition are kept, wrote: ‘Only the Inquisition has furnished 40,000 proceedings oflawsuits, which are the most precious elements to write the history of this nefarious institution, and an inexhaustible mine for the novelists and authors of melodramas’ . (3)

The inquisition was the greatest terror of our ancestors in Goa because of its incredible tyranny; it was an independent terrorist Republic, which did not recognize the viceroys as their superiors.

The savant Ferdinand Denis wrote: ‘Many voyagers painted with great energy the torments which the inquisition of Goa inflicted on its prisoners, but the most minute report, without contradiction and most moderate in all respects was that of a French doctor called Dellon, who wrote a special treatise on this tribunal, of which he was one of the victims’. (4)

Indeed a young French doctor by the name of Dellon, ten years


after he escaped from his punishment in the galleys in Lisbon, wrote the famous book ‘RELATION DE L’INQUISITION DE GOA’, printed in Holland in 1687. The acquisition of Dellon’s book was most difficult for more than two hundred years, because not only it was antique but prohibited. Only Mr. Cunha Rivara, in the late 19th century, on the way to serve as Secretary to the Governor in Goa, was able to get a copy from the curator of the public library in Lisbon, Joao Jose Barbosa Marreca.

The words Auto da fé reverberated throughout Goa, reminiscent of the furies of Hell, which concept, incidentally does not exist in the Hindu pantheon. On April 1st 1650 for instance, four people were burnt to death, the next auto da fé wason December 14, 1653, when 18 were put to the flames, accused of the crime of heresy. And from the 8th April 1666 until the end of 1679 – during which period Dellon was tried – there were eight autos da fé, in which 1208 victims were sentenced. In November 22, 1711 another auto da fé took place involving 41 persons. Another milestone was on December 20, 1736, when the Inquisition burnt an entire family of Raaim, Salcete, destroying their house, putting salt on their land, and placing a stone ‘padrao’, which still existed in the place (at least in 1866).

Let us dwell on Dellon’s experience. He was a 24 year-old Roman Catholic Frenchman, living in Daman – a Portuguese colony north of Bombay – and practised medicine.


The apparent reasons for his imprisonment by order of the Inquisition of Goa were the ill-conceived jealousy of the Governor of Daman, Manoel Furtado de Mendonça, and that of a priest, secretary of the Holy Office, who harbored a secret passion for the same lady who lived in a house in front of the priest’s lodgings.

‘The jealousy of the Captain was motivated by my frequent and innocent visits that I made to a lady that he coveted:; I was equally greatly loved by her, a circumstance which until then I ignored; and as he judged things by light appearances, he learnt soon that I was his most beloved rival..

An ecclesiastic, a native, secretary of the Holy Office, who.lived in front of the house of the said lady, alsonurtured a strong passion, like that of the captain-governor, citing her infamously even in the tribunal of penitence, as was revealed to me by herself. This priest, observing my visits, had become as jealous as the captain, and even though until then he was one of my best friends, grateful for the important services rendered by me, nevertheless he made a common cause with captain Manoel Furtado to provoke my ruin’.

Both these rivals joined forces, by claiming heresies on the part of Dellon for not kissing the small alms boxes, on which were painted the image of the Holy Virgin or some saint as was the custom of the local Catholics. Also the fact that he did not wear rosaries around the neck. And the final heresy was


a friendly conversation that he had had with the priest, in which he questioned the infallibility of the inquisitors, who were, after all, men. To which the priest had replied: ‘Beware of saying such a thing. If the inquisitors in the tribunal are infallible, it is because the Holy Spirit presides always on their decisions…..’.

Captain Furtado being the cousin of the Viceroy Luis de Mendonça Furtado, went to Goa to denounce Dellon, and he was imprisoned by order of the inquisitors on August 24, 1673 to Dellon’s great surprise.

Prisao is the generic name for prison. Carcere was the prison of the inquisition. Dellon was dumped into a fetid cell, provided with a hole for relieving himself. But it overflowed, and there were faeces all over, an abominable smell,practically no light, save for slits on the wall, well above the reach of one’s hands. The first inquisitor was Francisco Delgado e Mattos, a secular priest of around 40 years old. the second inquisitor was always a Dominican. All belongings were confiscated and inventoried, and the prisoners were told that these would be returned after the sentence; in reality the belongings and properties of the jailed were auctioned off at the Rua Direita, Goa’s main thoroughfare, and the inquisitors got hold of the monies and properties at half their value.

The house of the Inquisition, which the Portuguese called Santa Casa, was situated in one of the sides of the great plaza in front of the Cathedral which is dedicated to Saint Catherine. This building was great and


by two doors, one inside the wall, and the other outside; the inner one having a small window where the prisoners received their food and clothing

Each prisoner was given an earthen bowl with water for ablutions; another cleaner bowl with water for drinking, and a jug of earthenware to keep the water cool. He was given also a broom, in order to keep his cell clean (¡?); a mat to put on the bench where he was supposed to sleep; a big basin, which was changed every four days, and another basin to cover the former, and served to keep the trash after cleaning the cell.

The prisoners were well treated; they ate three times a day: breakfast at 6.a.m. , dinner at 10 a.m., and supper at 4never heard mass.

Those who died in the jail were buried inside the building, and as they were going to be judged, the bodies were exhumed, and the bones were kept to be burnt on the next ‘auto da fé’.

The prisoners were not given any books to read, neither light except the daylight which filtered through the slits on the wall above. All the cells had two benches for sleeping and whenever necessary, two prisoners were kept in the same cell. Besides the mat, the European prisoners were given a quilt, which served as mattress, or as cover against the mosquitoes.

As mentioned before, in Goa there were two inquisitors, the first called inquisidor-mor, who is always a secular priest, whilst the second belonged to the order of the Dominicans..


They had a great number of officers, who are called deputies of the Holy Office. They were obliged to be present in the judgment of the accused, in the examinations and tortures, but were never summoned to attend the Tribunal unless they were expressly called for by the inquisitors. Other employees called qualifiers of the Holy Office had to examine the books, and the suspicions regarding any heresy contrary to the purity of the faith. The Holy Office also had a promoter, a procurator, and lawyers who were assigned to the prisoners who sought them. These lawyers, far from defending their assigned prisoners, served only to denounce their most recondite sentiments giving them false illusions. There were other officers who were called ‘familiares do santo oficio’, who wereperpetual silence, and those who complained, or even prayed to God loudly, ran the risk of being whipped by the guards.

Seven witnesses were required to condemn a person. But the witnesses were never brought face to face with the hapless accused. The inquisition admitted the testimony of all kinds of people, even of those who were interested in the utter condemnation of the accused ( as was the case of Dellon). Among the seven witnesses, was included the victim himself, who under torture had admitted the heresies that he had (not) committed.

Many a time all the seven witnesses were worth nothing because they became supposed accomplices, who were really innocent of the crime which they purportedly committed, because the Inquisition in their fiendish manner made them really criminal,


carrying out the burnings) the relapsed who refused to confess the accusations made against them.

Out of one hundred people condemned to the stake as Jews, maybe only four had continued with Jewish mores, whilst all the others cried out loud until their last pitiful gasp that they were Christians, and that they had been Christians all their lives, and adored Jesus Christ as their only and real God. Neither the tears nor the protests of those wretched (as wretched were those who suffered for not confessing a lie) were of any avail. Whereas on the other hand a great number of witnesses, for fear of being burnt to death, were obliged to accuse those innocents.

If Christians taken for secret Jews were unjustly delivered to the executioners, it wasnot less unjust to see how the native Christians were accused of magic and witchcraft, and as such, were condemned to fire. Any practice, or feast or celebration of the pagans, was considered as witchcraft. Furthermore, the newly converted gentiles who had passed the greater part of their lives as pagans, and those who lived in Goa were slaves or servants, who with the intention of improving their status in the house of their lords, had changed their religion to Catholicism, these ignorant and rude men might merit at most some whipping, and not death by fire. It did not matter: they were all convicted and suffered death.

The inquisition did not punish only the Christians accused of having trespassed, but also Muslims, Hindus, and other foreigners of different


religions: they were accused of practicing their religion in Portuguese lands, subject to the Portuguese crown, where Catholicism was the Law. Many were condemned to whipping and work in the galleys, and this fear of being condemned to the stake, often made these gentiles and Muslims embrace christianism as a mode of escape. Therefore, instead of being useful for the Christian faith, the inquisition only served to shoo away the people from the Catholic church, and create a horror towards same.

In spite of Dellon’s tearful requests to appear before the judges, he was kept in prison, and only obtained the first audience on January 31, 1674. After hearing Dellon, the judge dismissed him and recommended that ‘he should take good counsel to accuse himself spontaneously’, and exhorted himmad, they sent another prisoner to his cell to keep him company for some months. He was taken to the inquisitor who reprehended him most severely and ordered that the cloth bindings be protected by iron hoops, so that Dellon could not move his arms.

After eighteen months in jail, Dellon was called for the fourth audience, and several times more, and the august Inquisitors had him returned to his cell, because he had not confessed all his sins. Every morning of November and December he could hear the cries of the tortured.

Three kinds of torture were practiced: 1) the rope or the pulley, 2) water and 3) fire. The torture by rope consisted of the arms being tied backwards and then raised by a pulley, leaving the victim


hanging for some time, and then let the victim drop down to half a foot above the floor, then raised again. These continued up-and-down movement dislocated the joints and made the prisoner emit horrible cries of pain. This torture went on for an hour.

The torture by water was as follows: the victim was made to lie across an iron bar, and was forced to imbibe water without stopping. The iron bar broke the vertebrae and caused horrible pains, whereas the water treatment provoked vomits and asphyxia.

The torture by fire was definitely the worst: the victim was hung above a fire, which warmed the soles of the feet, and the jailers rubbed bacon and other combustible materials on the feet. The feet were burned until the victim confessed. Theselast two tortures lasted for about an hour, and sometimes more.The house of torments was a subterranean grotto, so that other might not hear the cries of the wretched. Many a time, the victims died under torture; their bodies were interred within the compound, and the bones were exhumed for the ‘auto da fe’ , and burnt in public.

Finally on the evening of Saturday 11th January 1676, Dellon learnt that the ‘auto da fe’ would take place on the following day, because he was ordered to wear a black robe with white stripes, and at two in the morning he was taken to a gallery where almost two hundred victims were standing, reclining against the wall. About a dozen were whites, and all the rest natives. In another


gallery, invisible to the condemned men, there were women assembled, dressed similarly. Then, big scapularies of yellow cloth with crosses of St. Andrew painted in front and in the back were brought to be worn by some of the unfortunate lined up in the dark gallery. These scapularies were called ‘Sambenitos’: these were for those condemned for having committed crimes against the faith of Jesus Christ, be it for being Jews, Muslims, magicians, or heretics, who had been formerly Catholics.

Those who were branded as convicts, and persisted in denying the facts of which they were accused, or who were relapsed, were obliged to wear another scapulary which was called Samarra, a brown cloth on which the portrait of the victim was painted above flames, and surrounded by demons.Below this portrait were written down the name of the condemned and the crimes.But for those who accused themselves, after the sentence was pronounced, and who were not relapsed, a different Samarra was given: in these brown vests the flames were facing downwards, which is called ‘fogo revolto’.

The Sambenitos were distributed to about twenty of the natives accused of necromancy and to one Portuguese accused of the same crime and who was also a new Christian.After the distribution of the Sambenitos, five pointed bonnets or mitres of cardboard, all painted with demons and flames, and the word ‘feiticeiro’ (sorcerer) were brought and placed on the heads of the persons accused of necromancy. Standing up all night, at last at 5.30 a.m., the sun rose, and the bell of


the cathedral started tolling. This was the signal for the population of Goa to wake up, and come to witness the august ceremony of the ‘auto da fe’’ which was considered as a triumph of the Holy Office.

By daylight, each convict was ordered to march alongside a godfather, one of the officials assigned to each victim. It was a great honor to be appointed godfather for these ceremonies. Dellon’s godfather was the Admiral of the Armada of the Indies. The procession was led through the long streets of the city, so that the multitudes could watch the ugly pageant. Finally, covered with shame and confusion, tired of the long march, the condemned reached the church of St. Francis, which was decked with great pomp and circumstance. The altarwas covered with black cloth on which stood six silver candleholders. On both sides of the altar there were two kinds of thrones: the right side for the inquisitor and his councilors, and the left side for the viceroy and his court. The convicts and godfathers were seated on benches. Next, four man-sized statues were brought, accompanied by four men who carried boxes full of bones of the victims who had died by tortures: these statues, wearing the Samarra and representing the dead victims would be tried too.

Once the sermon was concluded, two officials went up to the pulpit to read publicly the proceedings of all the guilty, and to declare the sentences upon them. Dellon was declared excommunicated, his belongings confiscated, exiled from India, and condemned to


, he will keep a rigorous secret of everything that he saw, said , or heard, or had been done to him, be it in the tribunal or in the other places of the Holy Office’.

Signed: Francisco Delgado e Mattos.

The condemned to be burnt at the stake were delivered to the secular arm, to which the Inquisition begged to use clemency and mercy with these wretched, and to impose the death penalty without effusion of blood…. What a great goodness of the Inquisition to intercede in this fashion on behalf of the condemned! By burning them, was not like chopping off their heads, with the ‘effusion of blood’!

On January 23, 1676, Dellon and others whose lives had been spared, were called again by the Inquisition, and kissing theground, and on their bended knees, with hands on the Gospels, had to promise to keep an inviolate secret in all matters that had passed during their seclusion, or what they had learned during the imprisonment.

On January 27, 1676, Dellon’s chains were taken away and he sailed to Brazil where he was kept in prison, and finally eleven months later he arrived in Lisbon, where he was sent to the galleys. At that time, there being no galleys in Lisbon he was sent to a prison called ‘galé’ where he was chained again tied to the foot of a Portuguese who had escaped from the flames because of his confession on the day before he was scheduled to be burnt at the stake….They were obliged to forced labor


in the arsenals in Lisbon. All were shaved, head and beard, once a month.

Being aware that he was condemned for five years of hardships, Dellon inquired if there was any Frenchman in Lisbon who could be of help. It just happened that a French doctor was the bedside doctor of the queen of Portugal who was none other than Maria Francisca Isabel of Savoy, who had been married to Afonso VI, the king who had been declared imbecile and impotent, and exiled in the Azores; this marriage was annulled and the French princess was now married to Prince D. Pedro, regent of the Reign. It was through this helping hand, and even though the Inquisition in Lisbon dared not contradict the sentences of the Goa Inquisition, Dellon managedto become free eventually and ordered to leave for France on the 30th June 1677. The French cabbala which ruled Portugal in those days helped him recover his freedom and travel to France: he had been a victim of the Inquisition for four years.

In his book, Dellon narrates the cases of other worthy prisoners, who had no luck, because the Inquisitor’s argument was: ‘We will rather have you burnt, as guilty, than to make believe that we had you prisoner, being innocent’.

The Inquisition was proclaimed extinct in 1774 by Marquis of Pombal, but it was reinstated by the pious Queen Maria I in 1778. The Napoleonic wars, occupation of Portugal by the French, and of Goa by the British, had their salutary effects, because the Inquisition was finally


banished in Goa in 1812 by royal decree. The enormous Palace, which had been the Palace of Adil Khan, and had housed the Inquisition for 252 years was demolished in 1829, and there are no traces of it except for some mounds of bricks and stones.

Reverend Dr. Claude Buchanan, vice president off the Fort William College in Calcutta, dedicated some pages in his work Christian Researches in Asia , London 1811, regarding the visit he paid to Goa in the year 1808, when the British were occupying Goa, and he carried along the book of Dellon in his pocket.

Goa will go down in history as having had the worst Inquisition, as testified by the Frenchman François Pyrard de Laval, who lived in Goa from June 1608 until January1610, in whose book ‘Voyages….’, who states that the inquisition of Goa was more severe than that of Portugal because very frequently it burnt Jews, whom the Portuguese called ‘new Christians’.

Another author, in the 19th century, Joao Felix Pereira, coincides with Pyrard’s statement and wrote:

‘The inquisition of Goa, distinguished itself on account of the greater rigors than those of the tribunals of the metropolis; thousands of victims died at the stake in flames; and when these bloody executions brought fears of a seditious movement, the viceroys and governors, who did not enjoy the power of force openly, employed the dagger of the assassins and poison ‘(5)

The celebrated jurist Coelho da Rocha depicting the intolerance with which Portugal through its Inquisition treated the foreigners, seizing their ships, laments about


the inquisition of Goa in these sentences:

‘ There is nothing which equals the disagreement to establish the holy office in Goa, where all the circumstances and considerations made it mandatory to avoid religious severity on ignorant men, recently converted; and in a place, where commerce was handled by such various nations as far as creeds , as well as in colors and origins ‘. (6)

J.C. Barreto Miranda in his ‘Quadros históricos de Goa’, states: ‘The cruelties, which in the name of the religion of peace and love, practiced this tribunal in Europe, increased in the greatest excesses in India, where the inquisitors, living in a severe luxury, which was not below in any way to the royal magnificence of the greatest potentates of Asia, saw with pride howA father storms into the front office of his daughter’s school and begins to shout abuse. He is responding to a text he’s just received in which she tells him she is being bullied. He tells the office staff he wants to march to her classroom and “belt” the bully; they refuse to tell him where his daughter is. In the end, he tries to coerce the principal into going outside so they can “sort it out like men”.

A father objects to the decision of his daughter’s school to veto a sexist and racist slogan she wants on her school sweatshirt. He is so irate that he takes his complaints to the education minister and accuses the school of running a “cult”. He also starts an online group


man.”

St Andrew’s Cathedral School principal John Collier wrote a school newsletter about bad parental behaviour last year that went viral. He also put the rise of this poor behaviour down to an increase in parental anxiety and an unrealistic concern about poor marks or an overprotective response when a child is disciplined. He pointed out that he has a duty of care not only to his students but also to his staff. He was surprised at the response, not just in education but across all sorts of sectors, including health and local councils. He wrote the newsletter because, while the number of problem parents in his school was small, he was keen to make sure the numbers did not grow. A case of not all parents being abusive,added to the flag to honor the Confederate States of America," Blake said, according to Arkansas Online.

"The star, in context of the time of 1924 and that period, was added to add presence and prominence of white supremacy in the state of Arkansas."

According to the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture, the Klu Klux Klan was at the height of its power in Arkansas near that period.

Lawmakers in a number of states have pushed to remove monuments, plaques and other homages to the Confederacy. Last month, a Confederate plaque was removed from the Texas state Capitol following a bipartisan effort from state lawmakers.


A RABBI ASKS A PRIEST A QUESTION... PART 10

In our last exciting episode, the emperor Diocletian was doing his level best to exterminate Christianity, which had taken root in a surprising 10% of the empire’s population. Even more alarmingly it had found a home among a few members of the imperial household which ran the empire, and in the army. Then it all changed. In 303 AD, the followers of Jesus were being rounded up and executed. In 313 AD, just ten years later, Christianity was not only made legal, but was actually given favored status. How had it happened? Simple: a vision. More about that later.

In 235 AD things fell apart for the Roman Empire. Emperor Alexander Severus was assassinated by his own troops, the generals foughtFor our purposes the most interesting chaos happened in 270 AD when Zenobia (her real name) regent of the city of Palmyra, in Syria, invaded the Roman Empire. She controlled Syria, the Holy Land, and Egypt for three years, after which the Romans captured her and put an end to her and to her rebellion. The Jews hadn’t been much trouble in more than a hundred years, and weren’t trouble now, but somehow the taint of being Semitic, like the Palmyrenes and Zenobia, raised suspicions. The Jews seemed more comfortable with the Persian and Aramaic speaking peoples of the east, many of whom were followers of Zoroaster or the prophet Mani both of which religions were essentially monotheistic. The Jews in the neighborhood had not risen up as


far as I have been able to find out, but the Romans were not very forgiving nor very forgetting rulers.

After a half century of disaster, the emperor Diocletian, already mentioned, came to the imperial throne. He realized that the empire was just too big to govern. He divided it into two administrative sections east and west and appointed a co-emperor for the east and two assistant emperors, one east, one west. Things calmed down a bit and as I mentioned, he was busy blaming the Christians for the mess the empire was in. He retired in 305 and was followed by the short lived Constantius, who died a year later and was followed by his son, Constantine. Constantine was a tough soldier and he wanted the whole enchilada.He took to the field and waged war on his rival, Maxentius. He marched his troops toward Rome down the Flaminian road, where, in northern Italy, he went from victory to victory. When he arrived just north of Rome, things didn’t look so good. Maxentius, Constantine’s chief rival had twice as many soldiers as Constantine and was safe behind the city walls of Rome.

Then Constantine had a vision. He later told the historian, Bishop Eusebius, that he saw a cross over the sun and the Greek words “En toutō níka,” or “in hoc signo vinces,” in Latin, which means “In this sign, you shall conquer.” He didn’t understand the meaning of the vision, but the next night he had a dream in which Jesus of Nazareth spoke to


him and said that he should use the sign against his enemies. Constantine had his soldiers paint it on their shield to replace the Roman eagle, at least that’s what Constantine told Eusebius. Maxentius had a revelation of his own. He went to see the keepers of the Sibylline Books, Rome's own collection of prophetic utterances. The keepers prophesied that, “the enemy of the Romans” would die in the coming battle. It was the old gods against Christ. Maxentius suffered a complete defeat at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, on October 28, 312. By the way, in the heat of battle he fell off the bridge and drowned.

Now Constantine was the undisputed ruler of Rome and the western empire. He shared power with only one other -cause of Christianity with government perks and huge building projects, especially in Rome, Jerusalem and his new capital, Constantinople.

A new age of religious tolerance and prosperity had dawned. Sort of. Over the next century Christianity became known as “the religion of the Romans.” The Messiah of Israel became the Christ of Rome. To be a Roman was to be a Christian. The old religion was gradually and often violently suppressed. Heresy was now a crime against the state, not just a religious offense, and the Jews? The position of that tolerated sect of the rabbinic Pharisees, now universally called “the Judeans” (Jews), was less certain. The long standing theological debate between the sect of the Nazarenes and the Rabbinic Pharisees had become a political problem. As early as


English to French, Italian, German Spanish Dictionary . . . French and Italian Dictionaries WordReference has two of its own dictionaries plus those of Collins The French dictionary has over 250,000 translations and the Italian dictionary has nearly 200,000 These dictionaries continue to grow and improve as welldefinitely my kind of woman. I’ve had many friends, and I prefer the company of men. Except for Maureen O’Hara.”

O’Hara, 95, whose on-screen toughness extended to real life when she took on a powerful scandal magazine in the 1950s, died Saturday at her home in Boise, Idaho, near the home of her grandson, Conor FitzSimons.

She died in her sleep of natural causes, said her longtime manager and the co-author of her memoir, Johnny Nicoletti. Family members were with her, Nicoletti said, and they played the music from her favorite film, “The Quiet Man.”

That film was directed by John Ford, a mighty force in his own right, who directed O’Hara in four other movies: “How Green Was My Valley,” “Rio Grande,” “Long Gray Line” and “Wings of Eagles.” O’Hara


on Aug. 17, 1920, she made her first stage appearance at age 5, reading a poem at a school play. She earned her first pay at 12 for performing on a radio program.

Her father owned a clothing business and her mother was an actress and operatic star who designed clothing. Her five siblings all were involved in show business for varying lengths of time.

O’Hara studied music, dancing and elocution, and at 14 was enrolled in Dublin’s Abbey Theatre School where she moved from minor parts in Dublin Operatic Society productions to Shakespearean leading roles. Her portrayal of Portia in “Merchant of Venice” won her the All-Ireland Cup.

At 15, she took her examinations at Trinity College and became the youngest person to complete the Guildhall School of Music’s dramacourse. She moved on to the London College of Music, where she won a medal as top honor student in the British Isles.

After finishing the Abbey Theatre training at 18, she earned a certificate to teach elocution, a leading role with the Abbey Players, and a screen test in London.

The screen test brought her to the attention of actor Charles Laughton and producer Erich Pommer, who cast her as the young female lead in their 1939 film “Jamaica Inn,” directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It was Laughton who, over her protests, gave her the stage name O’Hara, saying FitzSimons was too long.

Next cast as the alluring gypsy Esmeralda opposite Laughton in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame,” the 18-year-old O’Hara, chaperoned by her mother, came to Hollywood in the summer


Jake.”

The actress married three times, and only the last was a happy union.

She became a stay-at-home wife after marrying Charles F. Blair on March 12, 1968. A retired Air Force brigadier general and World War II hero, Blair had been the first pilot to fly solo over the North Pole. They met when he was the pilot of the flight that took her to visit Ireland for the first time after World War II.

O’Hara soon walked away from Hollywood, and moved to St. Croix in the Virgin Islands, where Blair had started a Caribbean airline, Antilles Air Boats. Blair made her public relations officer, and later bought Virgin Islander magazine, naming her publisher.

But it was not to last. Blair, whom O’Hara speculated in her book was working withthe CIA to monitor Cuba, died Sept. 2, 1978, when the seaplane he was piloting plunged into the sea.

O’Hara continued to run both the airline and the magazine for a time, but sold both.

One of her last public appearances in Hollywood was last year, when she was given an honorary Governors Award by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences.

In addition to her grandson, O’Hara is survived by her daughter, Bronwyn FitzSimons, who lives in Ireland, and two great-grandchildren.

news.obits@latimes.com

Oliver is a former Times staff writer. Staff writer David Colker contributed to this report.

MORE:

Maureen O’Hara: In a career that spanned a half-century, 5 movies to remember

Maureen O’Hara’s final appearance: She was uncompromising to the end

From the archives: An interview with Maureen O’Hara: ‘The Christmas Box,’ wrapped with care


of twins.

Eclipse is one of these twins, who also happened to be the 100th and 101st calves born during a previous baby boom in Amboseli in 1979-80. Her brother Equinox used to compete fiercely for the right to suckle. And being a male, he had nature’s advantage of being bigger, so he usually won.

It might have gone badly for Eclipse then, but she was smart and had a strategy – she would play frantically with him until they were both worn out and would flop down to sleep. As soon as Equinox was sleeping, she’d get back up and rush over to her mother Estella for some uninterrupted suckling!

Now Eclipse is 31, and she has a son, a daughter and a grand-daughter who was born in 2010. AfterJoe Cole and Kevin Nolan scored in each half as West Ham United enjoyed a comfortable win over Premier League new boys Cardiff City at Upton Park.

The Bluebirds did not manage a shot on target in their first appearance in the top flight since 1962.

Cole and Nolan showed the Welsh side what finishing is all about at this level with two masterful strikes.

West Ham 2 - 0 Cardiff City: Sam Allardyce delighted with strong start to season

Nicky Maynard missed Cardiff's best chance late on, when he skewed his shot over from six yards out.

The absence of new £7.5m Danish striker Andreas Cornelius through injury might explain Cardiff's lack of cutting edge but, despite a summer of heavy investment - £9.5m Chile midfielder Gary Medel and £8m England defender


Steven Caulker both made their debuts - they still found the step up from the Championship a tough one.

The Hammers were without their own star striker Andy Carroll, who was missing with a heel problem, but it was another Liverpool old boy, Cole, who stole the limelight with his superb early strike.

Cardiff's English influence Cardiff have the most English players in their Premier League first-team squad. Cardiff's 16 include captain Mark Hudson, striker Fraizer Campbell, new centre-back Steven Caulker and midfielder Peter Whittingham

Matt Jarvis sent over a low cross from the left and Cole took a touch before swivelling to expertly fire the ball past Cardiff keeper Andy Marshall and into the opposite corner of the net.

Cole had a chance to get his second moments later when heleft the visitors defence flat-footed but he wasted the opportunity and tamely chipped his shot straight into the arms of Marshall.

Mohamed Diame saw his shot deflected inches wide as West Ham went looking for more goals before the break, with Cardiff only managing two long-distance efforts from Craig Bellamy and Kim Bo-Kyung in response. Both were well off target.

The pattern continued after the break. The Bluebirds were competing well in midfield but, with Fraizer Campbell isolated up front, they rarely looked capable of breaking down the Hammers defence.

It took until the 55th minute for Hammers keeper Jussi Jaaskelainen to be called into meaningful action, when he tipped away a corner, and his only save of note came from a Matthew Connolly header that was already looping over when


SINCE the Silk Road fell into disuse six centuries ago, Asian commerce has been carried not by land but by sea along coasts and island chains, first on monsoon winds and now in the holds of diesel ships. The story of Asia's post-war miracle is above all a maritime one. First Japan, then South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore, and then all of South-East and East Asia bar North Korea and Myanmar, adopted economic models based on exporting manufactures. The rise of China has been nothing if not the embrace of the maritime world. The miracle is inconceivable without the ship-borne container.

The broad lines of Asian security mirror this watery theme. Since the Pacific War of 1941-45, the United States has enforced a Pax Americana through navalstrength and a perimeter of island allies, from Australia to Japan. If American dominance is challenged, it will be at sea. The rise of China and India as military powers has been marked by a large increase in their navies.

But Anthony Bubalo and Malcolm Cook of the Lowy Institute in Sydney argue in TheAmerican Interest* that such a perspective is bumping up against the limits of usefulness. It masks a powerful impulse that is starting to reshape continental Asia's territorial expanses. For much of the 20th century the three powers of the Asian land mass, China, India and the former Soviet Union, bothered little with international exchange, and transcontinental development was derisory. That is now changing.

New roads, railways and pipelines are criss-crossing continental Asia. In December a pipeline


7,000 km (4,400 miles) long opened, bringing gas from Turkmenistan to China, via Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Russia and China have a $25 billion project to pipe oil from the Russian Far East into China. An Iran-Pakistan pipeline is being built, and could eventually run into India or China. In Myanmar, South Korean and Indian firms have a big project to bring gas to south-western China.

Road networks are also expanding, led by India (in Afghanistan, for example) and, especially, China. Dusty Myanmar is now plugged into China's spanking new highway complex. New roads bind neighbours along the Mekong River. Central Asia is also seeing a flurry of road-building.

Railways reflect the boldest ambitions. China has already pushed a railway up the Himalayas to Lhasa in Tibet, on which 5m peoplehave travelled since 2006. Now it wants to push lines down them into Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. As for high-speed railways, from a standing start China's are the world's fastest and longest. The government has plans to roll out a high-speed network across Asia and even Europe. It proposes three main routes to connect two dozen countries, from Singapore in the south to Germany in the west (with a tunnel from mainland China to Taiwan to boot). By 2025, if the railway ministry is to be believed, it will take two days to travel from Shanghai to London.

Immense financial, not to mention political, obstacles stand in the way of such ambitions. But these projects are starting to redefine what people mean by Asia. It is no longer mainly


a coastline with strong trade links to the rest of the world. Now, links across Asia matter just as much. Trade within the region is growing at roughly twice the pace of trade with the outside world. From almost nothing 20 years ago, China is now India's biggest partner, with bilateral trade that may top $60 billion this year. Central Asia's trade with China jumped from $160m in 1990 to $7 billion in 2006. And China is the biggest merchandise exporter to the Middle East. The crowds of worshippers at the mosque in Yiwu, a town in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang with a vast wholesale market, hint at the scale of the links. On the continent's western edge it is getting hard to know where Asiaends.

For all its promise, the new continental perspective does not negate the maritime one, and sometimes reinforces it. C. Raja Mohan, an Indian academic, points out that continental development is helping tie isolated populations into international markets, by giving them a route to the sea (for example, south-west China to the Bay of Bengal). Meanwhile, the continental infrastructure boom increases maritime business: four-fifths of the crude oil bound for China still passes through the Malacca strait. Resource competition among rising powers and the need to protect sea lanes will keep naval strategists in work for years.

America all at sea

Whether competition by land will lead to co-operation or conflict remains an open question. Instabilities abound, including thuggish regimes in Central Asia and fractious populations deep inside China and India.


Much depends on how smaller countries respond to the blandishments of their giant neighbours. Not all Central Asians like the energy deals their governments are striking with China. Plenty of South Asians resent India's swagger. And now Russia wants to regain influence in its backyard.

In continental Asia, there is no enforcer of the peace, as America has been for maritime Asia. None of the new clubs, such as the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation of China, Russia and Central Asian countries, includes America. American pressure on Iran over nuclear programmes has been undermined by the energy interests of China and Russia. Though the United States has a huge military presence in Afghanistan, it vows to get out. And whereas America has tried both containment and engagement to influence the rogueIn a principal aspect, the present invention relates to an improved relay construction and, more particularly to a spring leaf construction for relays.
A spring leaf is utilized in association with a relay generally as a contact blade. On occasion, a spring leaf construction is utilized in association with a relay armature to bias that armature in a first direction opposite the direction imparted by a relay coil.
In the past, it has been the practice to mount such a spring leaf construction in a block of material between insulating spacers. Other constructions include a wrap-around opening formed at the end of the blade and adapted to cooperate with the post.
Among the problems noted with such prior art structures is one of breakage. With continuous use of such spring leaf


Aurukun school inadvertently received up to $815k in overpayments

Updated

The Indigenous Aurukun primary school run in partnership with Noel Pearson's Good to Great Schools organisation routinely overstated enrolments because there was a misunderstanding of policy, netting up to $815,000 in extra payments, a report has found.

Acting auditor-general Anthony Close said staff at the school did not deliberately inflate student numbers, but had poor record keeping and misinterpreted policy.

The report also said there was no deliberate mismanagement at the school and "no evidence of financial impropriety" in its public funding.

Mr Close also said the Education Department gave poor financial stewardship in its partnership with Mr Pearson's Good to Great Schools Australia (GGSA).

Aboriginal leader Mr Pearson feels vindicated by the report, but said the process had hit his and the CapeYork Academy's reputation.

The review was requested by the Education director-general last year after an internal audit found a number of high-risk business practices.

Furthermore, the school was shut twice last year within several weeks after a series of violent incidents forced 20 teachers to be evacuated.

The audit office report made three recommendations.

They include more binding agreements in place between private operators and the state, greater training for staff, and a review to make sure internal audit recommendations are implemented.

Enrolments 'overstated by 116'

The independent review found student effective enrolment numbers from 2010-16 were over-reported by 116, but there was no evidence of deliberate manipulation.

It resulted in the Government providing $815,000 in base funding to the school that it may not have been entitled to.

Mr Close explained the mistake was driven


GGSA played no role or had responsibility in these matters".

"[The auditor-general] has given a clean bill of health to the financial and administrative practices of Good to Great Schools Australia's role with the [academy]," Mr Pearson said in a statement.

"GGSA places on record our dismay and concern at the curious release of sections of those previous reports to media, which damaged GGSA's reputation and jeopardised our students' education.

"Those within the department responsible for the leaking should be exposed and held to account."

In November, Mr Pearson withdrew his organisation's involvement with the school, saying he was unable to negotiate a partnership model with the Government.

His organisation is still involved with schools at Hope Vale and Coen.

Education Minister Kate Jones said the Department would implement Mr Close's recommendations.

Topics: education, access-to-education,the channel’s first new branding campaign since 2009. It includes three spots on three of the new series, each 30 and 45 seconds long. The first, based on “Doomsday Preppers,” depicts a birthday party for a little girl in an underground bunker, who receives a gas mask as a present.

Photo

New ads for National Geographic Channel feature characters representing series like “Doomsday Preppers,” about Americans preparing for the end of the world.

The second spot features Dave Marciano, a fishing boat captain who appears on “Wicked Tuna,” anxiously awaiting a possible catch, while the third spot, promoting “Ultimate Survival Alaska,” follows two adventurers racing to catch an airplane through snowy, icy terrain.

All three ads also feature viewers immersed in the environment of each series, watching the action unfold alongside characters


also the emotional places. National Geographic magazine and National Geographic Channel have a long history of taking you to exotic places, showing you new locations. We wanted to build off that, open up a new way of looking at the brand.”

The new advertising will first appear on Sunday night on National Geographic Channel in the United States; it will also appear, starting Thursday, on the channel’s Web site and its Facebook, Twitter and YouTube accounts.

The spots will run in the future on sister channels of National Geographic Channel, Nat Geo WILD, which offers wildlife and natural history programming, and Nat Geo Mundo, a Spanish-language channel. They will also run later on National Geographic channels outside the United States, in 170 countries.

Photo

An ad for the National Geographic Channel featuresBain was the last one to handle and use the gun.

"The two marks on the thumb match, to the millimetre, the magazine."

Mr Karam blamed poor police handling of Robin Bain's body for the marks not being picked up earlier.

"If his hands had been placed in protective bags, they [the marks] would have been picked up at the mortuary."

"My question for those who say I'm biased is - what are these marks from?" Mr Karam said today.

David Bain - who was originally convicted of his family's murders until an acquittal in 2009 - did not know whether to "laugh or cry" following the revelation,

Mr Karam said David believed the revelation did not make him "any more innocent than he was 19 years ago".

"He was innocent then and he's innocent


now."

David cried over evidence of his innocence in physical form coming up 19 years after being lost, Mr Karam said.

Last month, experts told TV3's 3rd Degree that parallel markings on Robin Bain's thumb were consistent with him firing a gun that morning.

The marks - not noticed in the 19 years since the murder - appeared to match those made by gunpowder residue when loading the magazine of a rifle shortly after it had been fired.

Police dismissed the theory as "interesting", but said it had been taken out of context.

Mr Karam said he had taken more than two weeks to respond to the revelation due to the death of this father.

In response, Mr Burgess said Robin Bain's fingerprints, released today by Mr Karam, were examined at the time byOn Monday, March 10, Wall Street was tense, as it had been for months. The mortgage market had crashed; major companies like Citigroup and Merrill Lynch had written off billions of dollars in bad loans. In what the economists called a “credit crisis,” the big banks were so spooked they had all but stopped lending money, a trend which, if it continued, would spell disaster on 21st-century Wall Street, where trading firms routinely borrow as much as 50 times the cash in their accounts to trade complex financial instruments such as derivatives.

Still, as he drove in from his Connecticut home to the glass-sheathed Midtown Manhattan headquarters of Bear Stearns, Sam Molinaro wasn’t expecting trouble. Molinaro, 50, Bear’s popular chief financial officer, thought he could spot the first rays


Search results for the category: Government

March 30, 2015

Every 10 years, the White House Conference on Aging is held, and this year it will be held in Phoenix. The conference is held to promote and advance ideas to help improve the lives of older Americans. National AARP president Jeannine English and Nora Super, Executive Director, 2015 White House Conference on Aging, will discuss the conference and its goals.

March 18, 2015

The Phoenix City Council has approved a $32 Billion 35-year transportation plan that would expand light rail and bus service and make street improvements. The plan includes a tax increase that would have to be approved by voters. Activist Becky Fenger will discuss her opposition to the plan.

March 11, 2015

The federal government has given final approval to a 22-mile stretchof freeway in Phoenix known as the South Mountain Loop 202. Construction on the $1.9 Billion freeway will start next year, and could be completed by 2019. Timothy Tait of the Arizona Department of Transportation will tell us more.

March 5, 2015

Phoenix voters will get a chance to vote on a 35-year transportation plan for the city. Marty Shultz, vice-chair of the Citizens Committee on the Future of Phoenix Transportation will fill us in on the details.

February 24, 2015

An annual count of the homeless in the Phoenix area is being conducted. It’s part of a requirement to qualify for federal funding to help that population. It will be done by the Maricopa Association of Governments. Brande Mead of MAG will tell us more.

February 19, 2015

The “Spine” is a section


of the Interstate 17/Interstate 10 corridor that carries almost half the traffic in the Phoenix area. Public input is being sought to make improvements to the Spine. Bob Hazlett, senior engineering project manager for the Maricopa Association of Governments and project manager for the Spine Study, will discuss the plans.

February 16, 2015

February 12, 2015

Ernest McFarland served as Arizona’s governor, chief justice of the Arizona Supreme Court, and as one of Arizona’s senators. A new memorial will be dedicated to him on Arizona’s Statehood Day February 14 at the Wesley Bolin Memorial Plaza at the State Capitol. Hear from McFarland’s grandson, John D. Lewis, about his remarkable grandfather, and architect Don Ryden of Ryden Architects, Inc., who designed the new memorial.

February 10, 2015

It was confirmed today that Kayla Mueller,an Arizona aid worker kidnapped by ISIS, is dead. Dr. Paul Kinsinger, a clinical professor of business intelligence at the Thunderbird School of Management at Arizona State University, will discuss the dangers faced by aid workers in the Middle East.

January 19, 2015

The 50th anniversary of the three civil rights marches from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama is coming up. The marches led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Dr. Matthew Whitaker, an Arizona State University foundation professor of history and founding director of ASU’s Center for the Study of Race and Democracy, will discuss the marches, along with retired Air Force Colonel and pilot Richard “Dick” Toliver, who was active in the civil rights community in Selma at the time of the marches.

January 1, 2015

After


serving on the highest court in the land, former United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor continues her commitment to service with the O’Connor House, which seeks to help increase voting rates. Find out what she has to say about her efforts to increase voting.

December 17, 2014

Former Phoenix Mayor John Driggs’ legacy includes literally helping shape the city of Phoenix and preservation of open land. He recently passed away at the age of 87. Former Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard will discuss Driggs’s life and legacy.

December 11, 2014

A new report by the Arizona Prosecuting Attorneys’ Advisory Council shows that 95 percent of those in Arizona prisons are repeat and/or violent offenders. Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery, who is also a member of the Arizona Prosecuting Attorneys’ Advisory Council,Tucson.

October 28, 2014

Proposition 487 would reform the city of Phoenix’s pension system. We hear from a proponent of the measure, Phoenix city councilman Sal DiCiccio, one day after hearing Phoenix mayor Greg Stanton speak against the measure.

October 27, 2014

October 21, 2014

Now that a federal judge has ruled that Arizona’s ban against gay marriage is unconstitutional, more legal battles are left to fight for the LGBT community, such as in the area of adoption rights. Dan Barr, an attorney with Perkins Coie who recently represented a gay couple in a legal fight, will talk about the legal impact of the same-sex marriage ruling.

October 9, 2014

The United States Supreme Court’s new session started October 6. Arizona State University law professor Paul Bender will discuss the important cases before the court,


she has to say about her efforts to increase voting.

August 18, 2014

The Maricopa County Juvenile Court System is streamlining the adoption process to make it quicker and more efficient. To do that, the court has created the Maricopa County Juvenile Court Adoption Unit. Judge Bradley Astrowsky of Maricopa County Juvenile Court will discuss the changes.

August 5, 2014

July 22, 2014

President Obama issued an executive order barring discrimination against LGBT employees working for the federal government and federal contractors. Jeff Brodin, a Phoenix labor law attorney, will discuss the order and what it means to LGBT employees in Arizona.

July 16, 2014

The Glendale city council voted to support a potential casino right next door. Previously, the council had been against the casino. Councilman Gary Sherwood discusses his change of mind thatgay marriage ban want a federal judge to decide the case himself without having to go to full trial. Associated Press reporter Bob Christie, who is covering the issue, will discuss the lawsuit.

July 2, 2014

The Civil Rights Act was enacted on July 2, 1964 and prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or national origin. It also provides the federal government with the powers to enforce desegregation. Civil rights activist Dr. Warren Stewart of the First Institutional Baptist Church in Phoenix and Matthew Whitaker, an Arizona State University Foundation professor of History, will discuss the law and its impact.

June 23, 2014

June 17, 2014

The State Transportation Board recently voted to move forward with Arizona’s Five-year Transportation Facilities Construction Program. The vote gives the go ahead to


work on six major road projects in Pima County and four in Maricopa County. Scott Omer, Director of the Arizona Department of Transportation’s Multimodal Planning Division, will discuss the plans.

May 21, 2014

The Phoenix city council voted to pass a budget that closed a $37-million budget gap. One of the most controversial parts of the budget was a pay cut for employees. Dustin Gardiner, who has been covering the story for the Arizona Republic, tells us more about the budget.

May 19, 2014

The United States Supreme Court has already decided several big cases that deal with affirmative action, prayer at city council meetings and campaign contributions. Arizona State University law professor Paul Bender will review cases already decided and cases still pending before the court adjourns.

May 6, 2014

Nearly half ofabout the attacks, which come from sources such as the Obama Administration’s war on leaks and NSA surveillance.

April 7, 2014

The Arizona Republic reports that spending by outside groups on congressional campaigns in Arizona has tripled since a controversial supreme court ruling on campaign financing. Rebekah Sanders of the Arizona Republic will talk about her report.

March 24, 2014

Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio and one of his top deputies were called into court for comments the deputy made about federal oversight of the department. JJ Hensley of the Arizona Republic will give us an update.

March 20, 2014

A federal judge ruled that Arizona and Kansas can require people to provide proof of citizenship when registering to vote using a federal form. Both states sued the Federal Election Assistance Commission after the


have been introduced. Sandy Bahr, chapter director of the Grand Canyon Chapter of the Sierra Club and Bas Aja, executive vice president of the Arizona Cattle Feeders' Association, will discuss the pros and cons of the bills.

February 5, 2014

The U.S Senate passed a new farm bill. The Agricultural Act of 2014 will provide farmers and ranchers certainty for the coming year. Arizona Farm Bureau president Kevin Rogers will talk about what the bill means to Arizona farmers.

February 3, 2014

The CARE Team, formed by Governor Jan Brewer to look into uninvestigated child abuse cases, has issued its report. The 50-page report reveals that understaffing and lack of training led to the uninvestigated cases. Charles Flanagan, director of the new Child Safety and Family Services agency and head of theSteve Gallardo, Republican Representative John Kavanagh and pollster Bruce Merrill discuss SB1070 and how it impacted our state.

January 8, 2014

Reporting by the Arizona Republic says Arizona’s congressional delegation is a microcosm of the problems with congress. It includes Tea Party Republicans, establishment members and moderate congressmen and women of both parties. Rebekah Sanders, who worked on the articles for a year, will talk about her reporting.

December 18, 2013

Valley communities will be better able to fight social isolation and strengthen the connections that older adults have, thanks to two new grants awarded to the Greater Phoenix Age-Friendly Network. The funding will help three pilot communities launch new programs to help older adults live independently. Amy St. Peter, the Maricopa Association of Governments Human Services manager, will talk about how


the money will be used.

December 17, 2013

The state legislature’s Child Protective Oversight Committee heard from the director of the Department of Public Safety on its investigation on why child abuse cases were ignored. State Representative Debbie McCune Davis, who is a member of the oversight committee, talks about what was discussed at the meeting.

December 9, 2013

Governor Jan Brewer has created a team to provide oversight for the 6,000 child abuse cases not investigated by Child Protective Services. The Child Advocate Response Examination Team, or “CARE Team,” will also examine CPS to point out areas of concern. CARE Team chair and Director of the Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections, Charles Flanagan, and CARE Team member representative Kate Brophy McGee will talk about the organization and its goals.

December 4, 2013

TheArizona Division of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration is releasing its report on the Yarnell Hill Fire, which killed 19 firefighters. Jim Cross, who covers wildfires for KTAR radio, will discuss the report.

November 21, 2013

The 50th Anniversary of President John F. Kennedy’s assassination is November 22nd. His influence was felt in Arizona on the Central Arizona Project and in the political career of former Arizona Governor Raul Castro. Visiting Scholar in Legal History at the law firm of Snell & Wilmer Jack August, will discuss Kennedy’s Arizona connections.

November 6, 2013

October 30, 2013

Democrats in the state senate have ousted Minority Leader Leah Landrum Taylor and replaced her with Senator Anna Tovar as their leader. Arizona Capitol Times Reporter Luige del Puerto will discuss the situation.

October 17, 2013

President Obama


has said there are no winners in the fight over the debt ceiling and government shutdown. However, the fight could impact upcoming elections. Arizona State University Pollster Bruce Merrill will talk about winners and losers from the drama in our nation’s capitol.

October 3, 2013

A federal judge has appointed a monitor to the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office to watch progress on efforts by the department to stop racial profiling. The judge also issued other orders for the department. Former Arizona U.S. Attorney Paul Charlton will discuss the case.

As the federal government shutdown continues, both political parties continue to blame each other. Arizona State University political science professor Richard Herrera will discuss the political fallout of the shutdown.

October 2, 2013

Arizona is already feeling the effects of the government shutdown. TheGrand Canyon National Park is closed, and civilian workers have been furloughed at Luke Air Force Base. Arizona State University economist Dennis Hoffman and economist Jim Rounds of Elliott D. Pollack and Company will discuss the impacts of the shutdown on Arizona.

September 17, 2013

Phoenix Mayor Greg Stanton will talk about issues regarding the city in his monthly appearance on Arizona Horizon, including his recent trip to China to meet with leaders of 1,600 leading global companies.

September 4, 2013

Should the government play a role in economic development? That’s a question that will be discussed by Byron Schlomach of the Goldwater Institute, who will argue against government intervention in the economy, and Barry Broome of the Greater Phoenix Economic Council, who will talk in favor of the concept.

August 22, 2013

Arizona