accused so nearly identical in method as to ear-mark them as his handiwork. For example, Rex v. George Joseph Smith (1915), reported in Notable British Trials (1922), where the defendant, then accused of murdering his wife, who had left her property to him, by drowning her in the bathtub, left the boarding house on a pretended errand and on his return home purportedly discovered his wife drowned in the tub. It was there held proper to show that defendant had previously had several wives who had left their property to him and were subsequently discovered by him drowned in the bath. Finally, such evidence may be used to establish motive. State v. Long, supra, where the defendant a short time after the murder of the truck owner usedfuture wife or husband and receive special luck in love.

Honoring the Dead
The Irish honor loved ones by having an extra place setting at the table to represent a deceased friend or family member. The front door would also be unlocked to allow spirits to freely enter the home.

Luck of the Home
“Cleansing” is a spiritual action. The Irish represent this cleanse by cleaning the home for the New Year. A spotless home also represents making room for new memories, new joys, and new luck.

Traditional Irish Soda Bread was used to scare away bad spirits by banging it against the walls of the home. This also allowed good spirits to enter the home.

At midnight many would enter the house through the front door and leave through the back door for


Born in Germany to American missionary parents, Gingerich grew up both in Hamburg and Madison County, Ohio. After winning national awards in his teenage years for his paintings, Gingerich attended the Atelier du Nord School of Classical Realism in Minnesota. He has also attended workshops at the Scottsdale and Fredicksburg Art Schools with notable painters such as Matt Smith, Ralph Oberg and John Budicin. A founding member of the Ohio Plein Air Society, Gingerich was selected as one of six artists to create works for Paint Ohio, the Ohio bicentennial celebration in 2003. Representing historic scenes from each of the 88 counties in Ohio, the project culminated in a traveling exhibition supporting the Ohio Historical Society and a book publication, The Land We Call Ohio.

A skilled brick masonand craftsman as well as painter, Gingerich’s interest in representational artwork has not been commonly associated with the Amish Mennonite tradition. However, as an artist who paints en plein air, Gingerich embraces the history and challenge of painting outside on location. Indeed, his looseness of style and composition of color and light draw upon the French Barbizon and Impressionist aesthetics.

Gingerich’s paintings are also included in numerous collections, including the Ohio Governor’s Mansion and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Gingerich lives and works in West Jefferson, Ohio.

Click image to view and download PDF of the 2016 Mark Gingerich Exhibition

SOCIAL

#BRGALLERIES

GALLERY HOP

Join us for the first Saturday of each month for Gallery Hop! In collaboration with other galleries in the district, we stay open until 10 p.m.

Visit the Short North Arts


Thursday, 27 November 2008

A press release by Statewatch sounds the alarm concerning the very principles the European Community (European Union) is built on. Rolling back free movement of persons endangers a fundamental principle and trying to forestall more open legislative procedures by intergovernmental fiat is a grave procedural choice.

I give you the text of the Statewatch press release with including links for further study:

Press release, 27 November 2008JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS COUNCIL, Brussels, 27 November:Restriction on the EU freedom of movement of citizens who have been convicted of serious crime or for "repeated offences" (which may be "low level")

Ministers are discussing the adoption of Council Conclusions: Free movement of persons: abuses and substantive problems – Draft Council conclusions on abuses and misuses of the right to free movementof persons (16151/1/08, 26 November 2008, pdf):

These say that: "Only those exercising their rights in the spirit of the Treaty should benefit from freedom of movement." While referring to third country nationals the proposals would apply to EU citizens as well and allow Member States to deny entry to those who:"break the law in a sufficiently serious manner by committing serious and repeated offences

"The scope of "repeated offences" is undefined and could apply, for example, to protestors who take part in cross-border demonstrations.

These Conclusions are based on a proposal put forward by the UK: Statewatch Analysis: The UK proposals on EU free movement law: an attack on the rule of law and EU fundamental freedoms by Professor Steve Peers - University of Essex (pdf):

Intergovernmental law-making without openness and


than rail as a means of transporting crude. Trump and his chosen Secretary of State, oilman Rex Tillerson, are on record as strongly pro-Keystone. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has supported the project since the first days of his run for the leadership of the Liberal party in 2012.The Philippines, one of Asia's fastest-growing economies, has its own version of Donald Trump running for president, and he could emerge victorious when the country votes on May 9.

Meet Rodrigo Duterte, the mayor of Davao — one of the country's richest cities in terms of local incomes — and presidential candidate of the center-left PDP-Laban political party. After a 22-year mayoral career, he announced his presidential campaign in November.

Since then, his controversial views and soaring popularity have led international media to note the striking similarities to the campaign being run by U.S. presidential hopeful Trump.

Both appear to lack a "public relations filter," with each candidate boasting a long string of politically incorrect comments. But while Trump's most inflammatory comments deal with immigration, particularly his proposal to create a


DZMM.

"I say let's kill five criminals every week, so they will be eliminated," he said in December. The prospect of encouraging extrajudicial killings as a crime-fighting solution provoked a massive backlash from human rights groups.

He has also acknowledged links with Davao's infamous "Death Squads," a vigilante group responsible for killing alleged criminals. Local police and government officials have long been involved with the squad, according to Human Rights Watch.Venezuela officials say at least 12 people killed overnight

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Opponents of President Nicolas Maduro march in Caracas, Venezuela, Thursday, April 20, 2017. Tens of thousands of protesters flooded the streets again Thursday, one day after three people were killed and hundreds arrested in the biggest anti-government demonstrations in years. (AP Photo/Ariana Cubillos)

By:Joshua Goodman And Fabiola SanchezThe Associated Press Published on

CARACAS, Venezuela — At least 12 people were killed overnight during looting and violence in Venezuela's capital amid a spiraling political crisis, authorities said Friday.

Most of the deaths took place in El Valle, a working class
neighbourhood
near Caracas' biggest military base where opposition leaders say a group of people were hit with an electrical current while trying to steal a refrigerator from a bakery.

Two days


of huge protests on the streets of Caracas against the socialist government of President Nicolas Maduro spilled into a violent Thursday night in several parts of the city, with residents in El Valle witnessing repetitive gunfire, street barricades set aflame and more than two dozen businesses looted. Amid the confusion, mothers and newborn children had to be evacuated from a maternity hospital named after the late leader Hugo Chavez when it was swamped with tear gas.

The Public Ministry said the violence left 11 people dead in El Valle, all men between the ages of 17 and 45. Another death was reported east of Caracas in El Sucre. Six other people were injured.

"This was a war," said Liliana Altuna, whose butcher shop was ransacked by looters armed with gunswho grabbed everything in sight.

Opposition leaders accused the government of repressing protesters with tear gas and rubber bullets but standing idly by as businesses were looted. Meanwhile, Foreign Minister Delcy Rodriguez pointed the finger at the opposition, saying armed groups controlled by the government's foes were responsible for the attack at the hospital.

"We reject and do not accept those irresponsible declarations," said Henrique Capriles, a former opposition candidate for president who the government recently barred from running for public office.

Overall, at least 20 people have been killed in the unrest that erupted after the government-stacked Supreme Court gutted congress of its last vestiges of power three weeks ago — a move later reversed amid a storm of international criticism. Angry protesters are demanding new elections and denouncing a


government they deem a dictatorship responsible for triple-digit inflation, soaring crime and widespread shortages of food and medical supplies.

The violence began Thursday night and stretched into Friday in El Valle, an area historically known as a hot spot for political protest. Witnesses said masked looters wielding knives and guns descended on an area known as "the little market" filled with bakeries, supermarkets and butcher's shops.

"They left us with nothing," said Manuel Martinez, who was directing cleanup and repairs at a destroyed grocery store.

"What they did wasn't because of hunger," he added. "It's vandalism."

The chaos turned deadly when looters entered a bakery protected by an electric fence and tried to remove a refrigerator. The accounts varied, but one opposition leader said 13 people were hit with an electrical currentafter tossing containers filled with water and making contact with the refrigerator's power cord.

Earlier Friday, officials reported that one of the dead was Mervins Guitian. The young Venezuelan man was fatally shot when he was returning home late from work Thursday and got caught in the middle of late-night street clashes. Vicente Paez, a local councilman, said Guitian was an employee of a Caracas-area city governed by an opposition mayor but didn't join the protests. It wasn't clear who shot him and there was no immediate comment from authorities.

Venezuelan social media was ablaze late into the night with grainy cellphone videos of light-
armoured
vehicles plowing down dark streets to control pockets of protesters who set up burning barricades in several
neighbourhoods
.

Vice-President
Tareck El Aissami said Friday the country is facing an


"unconventional war" led by opposition groups working in concert with criminal gangs. He said opposition claims government forces were responsible for launching tear gas at the maternity hospital were another attempt to demoralize a people who have "decided to break ties with the bourgeoisie forever."

Opposition members said they have no intention of easing up on protests.

"Twenty days of resistance and we feel newly born," opposition lawmaker Freddy Guevara said at an outdoor news conference Thursday as residents looking out from balconies in a
neighbourhood
at the heart of the protest movement cheered loudly in support.

The next planned protest is Saturday, when opponents are being asked to dress in white and march silently to commemorate the victims of the demonstration. Sit-ins to block major highways are planned for Monday.

General Motors announcedearly Thursday that it was closing its operations in Venezuela after authorities seized its factory in the industrial city of Valencia, a move that could draw the Trump administration into the escalating chaos engulfing the nation.

A number of major Latin American governments, including Mexico, Argentina and Brazil, called on Venezuela to take steps to increase democratic order and halt the violence that has been swirling around the protests.

The Supreme Court ruling reinvigorated Venezuela's fractious opposition, which had been struggling to channel growing disgust with Maduro.

Opponents are pushing for Maduro's removal through early elections and the release of dozens of political prisoners. The government last year abruptly postponed regional elections that the opposition was heavily
favoured
to win and it cut off a petition drive aimed at forcing a referendum seeking


Maduro's removal before elections scheduled for late next year.

But the government hasn't backed down.

Already drawing criticism for the GM seizure, Maduro announced late Thursday that he wanted an investigation into cellphone operator Movistar for allegedly being part of the "coup-minded march" organized by his adversaries Wednesday. That march was the largest and most dramatic the country has seen in years. He said the subsidiary of Spain's Telefonica "sent millions of messages to users every two hours" in support of Wednesday's protests.

As tensions mount, the government is using its almost-complete control of Venezuela's institutions to pursue its opponents. On Wednesday alone, 565 protesters were arrested nationwide, according to Penal Forum, a local group that provides legal assistance to detainees. It said 334 remained in jail Thursday.The point guard has agreed to re-sign with the Raptors, his agent confirmed Wednesday night. Yahoo Sports reported that the deal was for four years and $48 million.

Lowry averaged career highs of 17.9 points and 7.4 assists for the Raptors, who were one of the NBA's biggest surprises in going 48-34. They were expected to be one of league's worst teams, particularly after trading forward Rudy Gay early in the season, but instead nearly reached the Eastern Conference semifinals before falling to Brooklyn in seven games.

They were led by their guard tandem of Lowry and All-Star DeMar DeRozan, who will be staying together.

Lowry posted a picture of himself on Instagram in a Raptors jersey, writing that Toronto would be his home city.

He was considered the top point guard


available and reportedly targeted by contending teams such as Miami and Houston during free agency before deciding to stay put.

Contracts can't be signed until July 10.

Lowry has also played for Memphis and Houston, which traded him to Toronto in 2012. The 2006 first-round pick by the Grizzlies out of Villanova has career averages of 11.7 points and 5.4 assists.hard not to see that Kidd got everything he wanted, only to realize it wasn't what he wanted at all.

"The assistant's job is to stand up and call coverages," an NBA coaching source said last week. "Every time the offense comes down and calls a play, my defensive coach stands up and yells 'four down!' or 'get to the side.' Jason didn't like it. He thought Lawrence was coaching the team."

Frank, an intense, detail-oriented kind of coach, immediately rubbed Kidd the wrong way—though Kidd, who pressured New Jersey to hire Frank in 2004, should have known this. The conflict started in preseason, and escalated when Kidd didn't pick Frank to coach the team during his two-game suspension for a DWI.

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After Kidd's very first game back, in which the


the jury in the sentencing phase and, therefore, we reverse the death sentence and remand for a *679 new sentencing trial. We affirm Barnes' convictions.
Barnes, 22 years old at the time of the killing, claimed self-defense. The evidence showed that the victim was a 57-year-old man named Prentiss Wells. Mr. Wells was, according to Barnes, "elderly" and "mentally slow," and others testified that he was slightly disabled due to a previous stroke. Wells bought a flea market stall several months before his death, and he often purchased used items that he intended to later sell. He frequently carried a large amount of cash with him. Barnes and his co-defendant, Tim Brown, met Wells about a month before his death, and assisted him with errands on several occasions. Barnesand Brown noticed the cash that Wells often carried, and they talked about robbing him. On February 12, 1992, they went to a pawn shop where Brown bought a shotgun and Barnes bought a Davis Industries .380 pistol.
The next day, Wells went with Barnes and Brown in Brown's pick-up truck. The two men moved a piano for Wells and later took him to look at an old truck that he was thinking about buying. Wells had $5800 in cash on himBarnes and Brown saw it "hanging out of his pocket." When they were driving on a dirt road, Barnes, who was sitting in the middle of the front seat, told Wells, who was sitting to Barnes' right, that he wanted his money. Wells resisted and a physical altercation


erupted. Brown stopped the truck, and Barnes and Wells exited the passenger side and continued fighting. Barnes testified that he was mostly warding off Wells' blows and only hitting back to make Mr. Wells stop. The medical examiner testified, however, that Wells had twelve impact blows on the left side of his head and face, several centered around a star or diamond shaped laceration possibly caused by a ring or a gun barrel. One of the lacerations penetrated all the way through the scalp to Wells' skull. Barnes testified that he was right handed and wore a ring on his right hand that was sharp. Barnes also conceded that after the fight he was not bleeding, had no visible injuries, and had cleaned Wells' blood off of thepassenger window of Brown's truck.
Barnes testified that during the fight Wells reached into his pocket and Barnes, fearing that Wells had a gun, grabbed his gun (already loaded and ready to fire), and shot Wells. The medical examiner testified that Wells was shot twice in the left side of the torso. The crime scene analysis showed that Wells turned and staggered about forty feet before collapsing face down. The medical examiner further testified that a third, fatal shot was a contact shotBarnes had run up behind Wells, either when he was staggering or when he was lying face down, and pressed the barrel of the gun against the back of his head as he fired. It is not disputed that Wells was unarmed.
Barnes took the cash from Wells'


body and returned to the pickup truck. He told Brown, who later testified that he had not seen the shots fired because he had "froze up," that "we're both involved in this." The two men drove to Brown's trailer, picked up Brown's wife, Tonya, and fled to North Carolina. Before they left Georgia, they stopped at a Red Lobster for dinner and at a pawn shop where Barnes bought a Bersa .380 pistol. They paid for the dinner and the gun with the cash Barnes had taken from Wells. Tonya Brown rented an apartment in North Carolina and the two men stayed there for almost a week until the police arrived and arrested Tim Brown. The murder weapon, the Davis Industries .380 licensed to Barnes, was found inBrown's truck.
The police arrested Barnes in Young Harris, Georgia, where he had gone to visit a relative. He had the Bersa .380 pistol loaded and ready to fire in his coat pocket. In an interview with police, Barnes volunteered that he had shot Wells in self-defense. At trial he also stated that there was no specific plan to rob Wells, the money having been taken as an afterthought, but conceded that they had talked about robbing him before the day of the killing. Brown pled guilty to felony murder and testified for the state at Barnes' trial.
1. Viewed most favorably to the verdict, we determine that the evidence introduced at trial was sufficient to enable a rational trier of fact to find beyond a reasonable *680 doubt that


inaccurate or inflammatory.[6] Newton County, according to Barnes' brief, has a population of 41,080. There were only eight articles published in three separate local newspapers about the murder and the upcoming trial of Barnes. Three of the articles were published in February and March 1992, fifteen months before trial, and dealt with the fact that a murder had taken place, that the victim was a former minister, and that Barnes and Brown had been arrested for the crime. Two later articles were summary articles listing pending murder trials, and the Barnes trial was only one of several cases mentioned. Barnes complains the most about an article that appeared in the Covington News a week before trial where the DA said that the Barnes trial was a "serious case,"death penalty, had been prosecuted by the DA's office, had family members who had criminal records, or had previously sat on a jury that had returned a not guilty verdict in a felony case. These are all valid race-neutral reasons that are adequate to *682 justify a peremptory strike.[21] Barnes points to a white juror who was not struck and had a son who had been previously prosecuted by the DA's office, but this juror was not similarly situated with the African-American jurors who were struck. Five years before Barnes' trial, the white juror's son pled guilty as a first offender to criminal trespass and received twelve months probation. The African-American jurors who were struck due to criminal records had either been themselves prosecuted by the DA's office,


allowing a state witness to remain in the courtroom after the rule of sequestration had been invoked. Charles Roper, the state's chief investigator on the Barnes case, was also the prosecutor who had signed the indictment. It is a long-standing exception to the rule of sequestration that the prosecutor who signed the indictment charging the defendant may remain in the courtroom and testify after other state witnesses have testified.[48]
*686 18. Barnes objected to a question that called for Investigator Roper to explain how a spent shell casing ejects from a semiautomatic pistol. Barnes stated that Roper was not qualified as an expert on this matter. As a foundation, the state elicited that Roper had been with the Newton County Sheriff's Department for twelve years, that he had carriedtrial court's charge on implied malice improperly shifted the burden of proof. The trial court instructed the jury that "malice may be implied where no considerable provocation appears and where all the circumstances of the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart." This charge on implied malice is not reversible error.[52]
21. Barnes contends that the trial court erred by allowing the state to introduce impermissible victim-impact evidence. Specifically, Barnes complains about the victim's son identifying the victim from a photograph taken when the victim was alive and testifying about his father's status as a former preacher and stroke victim.
Barnes' only objection to the photograph of the victim was that he had not seen it before trial. The record reveals, however, that the photograph had been in the state's


the trial court, "staged photos of apparent innocence." The trial court ruled that only photos of Barnes that were less than five years old would be admissible. The judge also excluded photographs of Barnes' one-year-old child, his two stepchildren and his young handicapped nephew. The trial court maintained that he would only permit evidence that was "neutral to the engenderment of staged emotion" and which did not "innately engender sympathy."
Barnes claims that he was harmed by the exclusion of this evidence. A main defense theme was that Barnes' life had unraveled due to the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old, and Barnes contends that the childhood photos would have helped to illustrate this point. Barnes also wanted to show the jury that a deathpoem to his wife shows that he may be more than just a cold-blooded killer. His childhood photographs shed light on his background because they serve to illustrate that his childhood was happy until it was disrupted by the divorce of his parents. Similarly, the photographs of his child and stepchildren show that he is a father in a way that no amount of testimony could duplicate. The pictures also constitute an appeal to mercy, something that the trial court alluded to when he stated: "I think these photos express the hopes of the parents. I think they sometimes express the hopes of the accused himself, especially when it's of his own infant child and his wife." When the trial court stated that he would not permit any


Lack of conformity between Indian classroom furniture and student dimensions: proposed future seat/table dimensions.
Children spend one-quarter of a day in school. Of this, 60-80% of time is spent in the classroom. Classroom features, such as workspace and personal space play an important role in children's growth and performance as this age marks the period of anatomical, physiological and psychological developments. Since the classroom is an influential part of a student's life the present study focused on classroom furniture in relation to students' workspace and personal space requirements and standards and was conducted in five schools at Mumbai, India. Dimensions of 104 items of furniture (chairs and desks) were measured as were 42 anthropometric dimensions of 225 students from grade six to grade nine (age: 10-14 years). Questionnaire responseshis horse, Whiskey, at Horseshoe Acres. Mary Alice Vigue was four and one-half years of age at the time of the accident. Her mother, Sharon Rector, also boarded her horse Teabag at Horseshoe Acres. The facilities there consisted of a barn, tack room and a series of individual stalls with fences made of metal pipes. Each stall opened out into a fenced arena.
While cleaning a stall, the owner of a horse would let it into the arena to wander or graze on scattered patches of grass. The arena was also used for riding and training the horses. The rules incorporated into the rental agreement signed by Sharon Rector provided that children *239 and guests were to use a bench situated inside the arena so as not to create


a safety hazard.[1]
On the day of the accident Noyes let Whiskey into the arena while cleaning his stall. Following the cleaning, Noyes went to the barn to look for his hackamore and there encountered Rector who, accompanied by her daughter and a young girl named Kathy Brumbelow, had come to feed Teabag. While Brumbelow started to help Noyes look for the hackamore, Rector got some buckets of seed and with Mary at her side started across the arena towards Teabag. Rector testified that she heard Whiskey sniffing behind her and after shooing him away several times he turned and left. She then stated that when they reached Teabag's stall Whiskey galloped by and kicked, narrowly missing her and striking Mary in the head. As a result, Mary sufferedflow, including enrollment, randomization and retention, in our meditation study. Of the 165 women screened, 122 (73.9%) were eligible, and 102 (84%) of those eligible were interested and enrolled on a first come first serve basis. After the community women were randomly assigned to groups, and before arriving on site, there were six drop outs: four from Vacation and two from Meditation Groups. After arriving at the resort and before the retreat began, two from the Regular Meditator Group opted out of the study. After the retreat began, two participants dropped out, one from the Regular and one from Novice meditator groups.](tp2016164f1){#fig1}

![Characterizing molecular changes in response to vacation and meditation. (**a**) Heatmap of the top differentially expressed genes between baseline and follow-up ('vacation\' effect) after two-way hierarchical clustering.


      I. BACKGROUND
      Stokes was employed by Dollar General as a retail Store Manager in
Columbus, Mississippi.     On June 29, 2006, she was suspended pending an
investigation into incorrect payroll submissions. On August 8, 2006, Stokes filed
a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) in
Jackson, Mississippi, alleging disparate treatment on the basis of sex in violation
of Title VII and unequal pay on the basis of sex in violation of Title VII and the
Equal Pay Act, 29 U.S.C. § 206. Her employment was terminated on August 11,
2006 for falsifying records in violation of company policy.
      Stokes received two documents from the EEOC regarding her claims. On
February 27, 2008, the EEOC issued                                    No. 09-60303

believe that the EEOC was in the process of determining whether to file a
lawsuit on her behalf regarding her termination and pay discrimination claims.4
She also states that she was led to believe that she did not need to act to file
either of her claims until she received notice from the EEOC regarding whether
it would file an action. Finally, she states that based on her conversation with
the EEOC investigator, she did not pursue her claims until she received the
Notice dated April 7, 2008. On this basis, Stokes claims, equitable tolling should
apply.


When viruses infect dendritic cells, it appears that the viruses start using up the building materials on hand. This tips the dendritic cells into autophagy and raising an alarm with the rest of the immune system, Pulendran says.

"This may have evolved as a mechanism of pathogen sensing that is capable of detecting the footprints of a pathogen, such as depleted amino acids in a local microenvironment," he says.

Friday, December 6, 2013

In the summer-fall of 1878 an epidemic of yellow fever destroyed the city of Memphis, Tennessee. Likely introduced into the Caribbean by trade from the West Coast of Africa and later brought up the Mississippi River by a steamer ship (the Emily B. Souder) with sick and dying sailors, yellow fever killed an estimated 5,000 Memphis residents, almostone-third of its population who did not flee the city that August [1]. According to Molly Caldwell Crosby in her detailed account, the summer-fall 1878 yellow fever epidemic in the Mississippi Valley was possibly “the worst urban disaster in American history” [1].

Among the factors responsible for the 1878 tragedy were an unusually warm winter and spring that year, which helped Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to flourish in the Mississippi Valley, together with a lack of adequate urban drainage and a functioning sewer system, and a susceptible (non-immunized) population – the yellow fever vaccine would not be developed for another 50 years.

We need to seriously evaluate the risks of the major southern cities of the US, including Houston, but also New Orleans, Tampa, and Miami for their vulnerability to Aedes-transmitted


been reported from October 3 to November 24, 2013 in the localities of Lagawa, Kailak, Muglad and Abyei in West Kordofan and Elreef Alshargi, Abu Gibaiha, Ghadir, Habila, Kadugli, Altadamon, Talodi and Aliri in South Kordofan.

Field investigations carried out by the FMOH revealed that the initial suspected cases were reported among seasonal workers coming from the eastern states of Sudan who had traveled to West Kordofan for work in October. Subsequent cases were reported among locals in both West and South Kordofan states, following the arrival of the workers.

Blood samples that were collected during the field investigation tested positive for Yellow Fever by IgM ELISA Assay at the National Public Health Laboratory of the FMOH in Khartoum. The samples were retested at theInstitute of Pasteur in Senegal andsucceed, it promises happiness to millions of living and millions of unborn people,” wrote Philip Beaver, a leader of the expedition.

Instead, as Billy G. Smith recounts, the pioneers fueled one of the most devastating plagues in Western history. The colonists toted water to their ship from streams on the African mainland, not knowing that the mosquitoes that bred in the water carried yellow fever.

When the cargo ship sailed off on further ventures, crisscrossing the Atlantic for six months, it brought yellow fever to dozens of ports in the West Indies, North America and Europe. Other ships had carried yellow fever, but not with such lethality: “Until the Hankey’s voyage in 1793, the concatenation of conditions that was to detonate the yellow fever bomb had never been present in


in Texas and the southeastern United States, this is the first time it's reached California. Newsoutlets have covered the story extensively, but few have mentioned climate change's role in the mosquito's spread. The CDC says it's "likely thatAe. aegypti is continually responding or adapting to environmental change." In a 2012 report, the World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out that "temperatures, precipitation and humidity have a strong influence on the reproduction, survival and biting rates" of Aedes aegypti.Climate change studies predict that dengue—which infects as many as 100 million people a year—will expose an additional 2 billion by 2080. In 2009, the mosquito kicked off a Florida outbreak of dengue in a state that hadn't seen the disease in more than 70 years, and Thailand is currently undergoing itsworst dengue epidemic in more than 20 years.

Dengue's initial symptoms often resemble the flu, but advanced infections—which cause lung and heart problems, severe abdominal pain, and bleeding from the nose and mouth—kill 15,000 people in 100 countries annually.

Yellow fever is no picnic, either: The disease was one of the world's most feared before the development of a vaccine in 1936. Its name comes from the illness' trademark jaundice, and it also causes severe stomach bleeding (often resulting in black vomit). It kills 15 percent of those infected and closer to 50 percent when left untreated.

In the past, yellow fever in the United States made its way as far north as New York City. In 1793, an outbreak even wiped out 10 percent of Philadelphia. Luckily, citizens figured out


that they could stop its spread by overturning containers of standing water where mosquitoes bred, and yellow fever was largely eradicated in the United States. In the last 40 years, there have been only nine cases of yellow fever in the United States, all of which were contracted abroad. But in Africa and Central and South America, it's a much bigger problem: Roughly 200,000 new cases of yellow fever occur every year. Over the last 20 years, outbreaks have occurred in more countries with more frequency, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2010,Uganda had its first outbreak in more than 40 years. WHO reports the increasing number of cases is likely linked to climate change.

There is no vaccine for dengue, and American citizens typically do not get vaccinated againstcamp.

The WHO has sent supplies to the State Ministry of Health comprising of medical equipment, life-saving medicines, laboratory tools, cleaning tools and disinfectant, mosquito nets and insecticides to the affected area.

Friday, November 8, 2013

The Federal Government of Nigeria through its health ministry has announced that the issuance of a new yellow fever card has commenced and the replacement would take full effect on the 1st of October, 2013.

Passengers traveling to a country requiring a yellow fever vaccination card need to obtain the new standardized even if they have a still valid old style Nigerian issued on. Especially for Accra and Johannesburg! Passengers from now on will not be accepted for profiling without the complete travel documents including the YFC to avoid extensive delays at the gate waiting for


passengers to come from Port Health.

Friday, October 25, 2013

Some scientists say that climate change is a possible explanation for the mosquito’s spread into the Golden State.

National Monitor, Rina Shah | October 19, 2013

Yellow and dengue fever, tropical illnesses rarely found in California, may become a seasonal threat after two types of mosquitoes known for carrying the illnesses were seen around the state, reports SF Gate. Experts are trying to kill off the mosquitoes before the threat becomes a reality.Specialists in mosquito control are going door-to-door in several Bay Area counties to hunt for signs of Aedes aegypti, also called the yellow fever mosquito, which was found in San Mateo County in August. The same mosquito type was seen in at least two other California counties over the summer.Over the past three years, there have also been reports of the Aedes albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito, in Los Angeles County. Public health officials are concerned that they could spread to other parts of the state.Earlier this year, the Daily Democratreported that experts in the west Sacramento area in California were evaluating a potential threat of West Nile Virus. Many dead birds were found and 18 tested positive for West Nile Virus. Additionally, 58 mosquito tests have also been positive for the disease. Though more intense in Sacramento County, West Nile Virus was also presenting in other areas. Yolo County had six dead birds and 19 mosquito samples that were infected. There was one human case that has been confirmed by the California Department


in April 2013. The index case was a 43-year-old woman from Ndom Health district who became ill on March 15, 2013.

"The patients were laboratory confirmed at the Institute Pasteur of Cameroon by IgM ELISA (antibody) test, which was followed by the seroneutralizing test (PRNT) for yellow fever by the Institute Pasteur in Dakar, Senegal, a WHO regional reference laboratory for yellow fever," the agency said in a statement.

The suspected yellow fever cases were reported from Cameroon's South-West area in 2012. The cases were identified as part of the surveillance system which identifies patients with fever and jaundice within 14 days of onset.

WHO country office in Cameroon has been working with health authorities in the field investigation and response to the outbreak, with an ongoing surveillance for yellow feverin the African country.

The GAVI Alliance and the International Coordinating Group on Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG1) supported the reactive mass vaccination campaign. The health districts considered to be at high risk for yellow fever are Dibombari, Edea, Loum, Manjo, Manoka, Mbanga, Melong, Ndom, Ngambe, Nkondjock, Nkongsamba, Pouma and Yabass.

The YF-ICG is a partnership that manages the stockpile of yellow fever vaccines for emergency response on the basis of a rotation fund. It is represented by United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and WHO, which also serves as the Secretariat. The stockpile was created by GAVI Alliance.

Friday, October 4, 2013

GPs have been advised they may have to ration the use of yellow fever


of Ethiopia.

The International Coordinating Group on Yellow Fever Vaccine Provision (YF-ICG11) will provide over 585,800 doses of yellow fever vaccine for the mass vaccination campaign run by the Ministry of Health in Ethiopia, with support from the GAVI Alliance and other partners. WHO is closely supporting the outbreak investigation, capacity building for case management, resource mobilization for outbreak management, and monitoring preventive and control activities in the field.

The six laboratory-confirmed cases are from South Omo, in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' region. The cases were identified through the national surveillance programme for yellow fever. The index case was a 39-year-old man who presented with fever and jaundice and haemorrhagic signs in January 2013. He was laboratory-confirmed by IgM (antibody test). Differential diagnosis for other flaviviruses was negative.

Theblog a regular feature with tonnes of relevant info for parents, especially in India, because i feel that "informed parents are better parents". My interests include research in OPD practice, specifically new vaccines and travel medicine. I am a member of American Academy of Pediatrics, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, and various travel organizations like International Society for Travel Medicine (ISTM), American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (ASTMH), International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers (IAMAT), and British & Global Travel Health Association (BGTHA)


outfit even after their release, and I joined them when I came to work in the unit back in 1973’.

Despite what he knows about what went on in the ‘Sharashkas’, Koval says he regrets the disintegration of the research department. ‘In the Soviet Union, we had an excellent system of developing technologies for the protection and safeguarding of the state’, he says. ‘There was a military commission in the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and it had a department of applied problem-solving. This department took orders and research commissions from all the agencies of the KGB and the Ministry of Defence, who financed our work right up until 1988 or 1989. We were able to distribute this money right across the different academic institutions as we sawindustrial complex.

The 61-year old Sergei Koval is a typical product of his Soviet training. He has always worked in the interests of the KGB and he feels deeply uncomfortable thinking about anything outside his technological comfort zone. He instantly resorts to the stock responses of his employer when confronted with a question outside his technical expertise.

‘We observed a pointed indifference to any moral considerations among all of the employees of surveillance technology companies, whom we managed to interview.’

Vadim Sekresh, a 40-year-old graduate of the applied mathematics department of St. Petersburg University, is the CEO of another high-tech company, the telecommunications-interception technology producer Protei Special Technologies, which has contracts with Uzbekistan and Belarus. He was unruffled by the Wikileaks revelation that his company is a leading surveillance technology supplier.

‘I


In remote Uyghur province, Uighurs are under siege

Veiled women pass a statue of Chairman Mao in Kashgar, Xinjiang Province, China the day after the July 30 stabbing death of the ancient Silk Road city’s chief imam.

Ahmet raises a trembling hand to his face, taking off his glasses and wiping away tears. His voice quivers as he speaks, but not in sadness. He is afraid. Five days earlier, he was at his nephew’s house when security forces suddenly descended. The nephew had grown a beard. And in Xinjiang, the sprawling region that dominates China’s western flank and the locus of persistent civil strife, that’s often enough to put a man behind bars.

The nephew was taken away, as were his wife and their daughter, not yet a year old. WhenAhmet tried to intervene he, too, spent the night in a cell that was too small to let him lie down. Through the bars, he watched men with long sticks walk to where his nephew was being held – and for the next 20 hours heard the young man’s screams.

Although beaten as well, Ahmet was released the next day. His nephew, whom he describes as devout but mild-mannered, was not – raising the fear that he could be locked away for a decade.

Such fear is not unfounded: Ahmet and his family are Uighurs, the largely Muslim minority that calls Xinjiang home and is being blamed for a rising tide of unrest in the region. Most recently, 96 people died and hundreds wound up behind bars two weeks ago


after what the state-run Xinhua news agency called a “carefully planned terrorist attack of vile nature and tremendous violence.”

But there is tremendous violence taking place on both sides.

The bloodshed more than doubled the death toll from what had been – for two months – the worst act of terrorism ever committed on Chinese soil: 39 deaths May 22 at a market in the regional capital, Urumqi.

Beijing has responded swiftly and forcibly, spurred by President Xi Jinping’s pledge during a visit to Xinjiang just three weeks earlier to “make terrorists like rats scurrying across a street.” Declaring its own “war on terror,” the government radically restricted expressions of faith – including a ban on fasting (which is essential to Ramadan).

It also sent troops bearing assault rifles to street corners,reaches the region next year, bullet trains travelling at 300 km/h will take 12 hours to arrive from Beijing.

Xinjiang is an isolated sprawl of mountains, grassy steppes and dune-strafed deserts, a place whose isolation from the rest of China is evident even in the time. Local Han people, who are ethnically Chinese, use standard Beijing time, as do airports and train stations. Uighurs, and their restaurants and hotels, operate two hours later, in keeping with their western location.

A Uighur man tries on a new traditional hat as he buys new clothes before the Eid holiday. (Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

Uighur women laugh as they take care of their children at home. (Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

On fundamental points of history, too, there is little agreement. Uighur historians point to evidence of their


settlement that dates back millennia, when Xinjiang was a waypoint on the ancient Silk Road travelled by camels and elephants, while their Han Chinese counterparts emphasize the fact that it has spent centuries under Chinese rule.

That the “Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region” is religiously and culturally unique, however, is beyond dispute. Islam arrived in the ninth century, largely displacing Buddhism. Today, many Uighurs are intellectually and linguistically oriented west toward Central Asia and the Middle East – watching Iranian music videos and reading Turkish news sites – rather than east toward coastal China.

Their home territory has, however, experienced tremendous change since the Communist Revolution in 1949. Briefly an independent state in the early 20th century, Xinjiang has in the past few decades become home to vast numbers of ethnic– reduced to minority status in their homeland, often failing to get the best jobs, watching local wealth piped away – discontent has simmered.

Protests have erupted, calling for everything from basic equality to outright separatism.

At times the anger has turned violent: In 2009, a riot in Urumqi led to 200 deaths. Last October, a radical Uighur group, the Turkistan Islamic Party, claimed responsibility for a car explosion that killed five and injured 40 in Tiananmen Square – the heart of Beijing.

But the biggest shock for many in China came with the May attack in Urumqi.

It was early on a Thursday morning, at one of the city’s busiest early markets. Li, a garbage truck driver (willing to disclose only his surname), was in bed when he heard screaming. He


also tossed explosives into the crowd. Then the vehicles suddenly came to a stop and burst into flames with a massive sound.

“The first car exploding – I thought it was an earthquake,” one shopkeeper recalls.

Mr. Li took photos of the aftermath on his cellphone, and says he heard dozens of explosions as 136 people were either killed or injured.

The next day, China announced a one-year crackdown on “violent terrorist activities.” After the first month, officials reported having made more than 380 arrests, seizing 264 explosive devices and breaking up 32 terrorist gangs. Dozens of people accused of planning attacks have been executed, with hundreds more sent to jail.

The crackdown has added to the weight many Uighurs already feel, pinned down by a state that sinks deeply into theiropened fire, killing three, and arrested hundreds.

4.Aksu was the scene of a 2010 suicide bombing that left seven people dead, five of them Uighur police.

5.A key crossroad of the ancient silk route, Kashgar lost its chief imam on July 30 when the staunch Communist Party supporter was stabbed to death three days after dozens died in clashes with police.

6.Official accounts say 96 people died in Yarkand (also known as Shache) on July 28 after attacking police. Local observers contend they were massacred.

Uighurs wait at a bus stop on July 27, 2014 in old Kashgar.(Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

Islam by fiat

A broad reading of that statement has allowed Beijing to restrict the practice of Islam in Xinjiang. Local Muslims cannot wear traditional dress, grow their beards long or pray where and


not power.

A teacher identifying himself only as Roch

Alahagezhen is a small village south of Urumqi, less than 250 kilometres from China’s borders with Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. It is home to a couple of cellphone stores, an electronics repair shop and several restaurants.

For the rest of the world, it may as well not exist: A search on Google returns not a single English-language reference.

It is in places like this, far from scrutiny, that China’s uglier practices sometimes take root.

For years, Alahagezhen has been best known for its Tuesday bazaar, where local honey sells alongside spices and aphrodisiacs. Several weeks ago, that bazaar turned deadly, after a group of women, some of them still school age, came to shop in traditional attire, against China’s strict regulations. Their faces covered exceptfor their eyes, they were detained by police.

But their husbands spread the word, and a crowd gathered. Anger welled, and chanting broke out: “We want our freedom! Where is our freedom?”

As more people joined the protest, soldiers were called in, according to a teacher with friends who saw what happened.

An elderly Uighur man who said he was 100 years old listens to his wife as they sit in an alleyway before breaking their fast before the Eid holiday. Nearly 100 people have been killed in unrest in the restive Xinjiang Province in the last week of July, 2014 in what authorities say is terrorism but advocacy groups claim is a result of a government crackdown to silence opposition to its policies. (Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

“They warned people by shooting


glimpse of an administration often prepared to trivialize Uighur people, or ignore them.

It’s a policy with profound consequences, even among those who fit most closely into Beijing’s mould.

On a small side street not far from Xinjiang University in Urumqi, a café sells hand-ground coffee, hand-formed hamburgers and pizza using hand-kneaded dough. The decor features the cover of Abbey Road, while Eminem, Adele and Michael Jackson rock from the speakers.

The shop is run by a group of Uighurs in their twenties, who speak Chinese well – in many ways, just what central China wants to see.

Fa Te is one of the owners. He surfs Instagram, rocks a mean beatbox and drinks beer with friends in his basement man-cave. He lusts for the outside world.

“I want a Starbucks so badly,”and 2011.

TV Set Confessional

Public arrests and sentencing if concentrated in Xinjiang appear to exist throughout the country and in response to various anti-crime campaigns. Probably due to the nature of their transmission, televised confessions seem to be more commonly applied to celebrities and public figures who have infringed upon the economic and political interests of the party.

The most recent televised confessions were made by Jaycee Chan, son of Hong Kong action film star Jackie Chan, and Taiwanese actor Kai Ko. (Ko’s detention was reportedly publicized before his family was notified, breaking with a cross straits agreement requiring notification within 24 hours.) Both were detained on drug charges in Beijing on August 14. Their confessions were preceded in early August by that of Internet celebrityGuo Meimei, who has been


his immediate release. The tide turned after the Central Publicity Department intervened in the case, and in late October 2013, state television aired Chen’s confession as filmed from a detention center in Changsha, Hunan Province.

In the lead up to the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Protest, another journalist, Gao Yu (高瑜), became the subject of televised confession . Gao’s face was blurred as she pled guilty to “illegally procuring state secrets for foreign entities” on May 30, 2014, the day of her formal arrest. Gao was accused of circulating Document No. 9 to an overseas website. The apparently classified document lists “seven perils” threatening the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), including western constitutional democracy, media independence, and civic participation. Gao was previously sentenced to six years’ imprisonment for illegallyprocuring state secrets in November 1994 for criticizing the violent suppression of the 1989 pro-democracy protests.

Both forms of public shaming, televised confessions and public arrests and sentencing likely share the same goals: frightening criminals, educating people, and maintaining social stability. Absent from this list of aims is justice, procedural or substantive. Public law enforcement marginalizes lawyers and courtrooms and with them go dignity, presumptions of innocence, and the likelihood of a fair trial. With an emphasis on legal reform in the upcoming plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in October, perhaps one area worth revisiting is the tendency for humiliation to masquerade as justice.


DARREN Osbourne is out of prison and back in Hollyoaks, and he’s a changed man, all quiet and humble. But things don’t go well when a shift at the Dog ends badly, then he gets a job at MOBS and is mugged of the takings on the way home. Steph is convinced he made off with the money himself.

Mercedes and Malachy are evicted, Warren has an admirer in Sasha and Steph tries to open her dance school.

Also, Nige makes a surprise appearance, Ste impresses a food critic dining at Il Gnosh and Spencer makes Warren sweat as he opens up to Calvin.will enable Indian millers to export the 6 million tons," it said in a statement.

India is facing a glut situation in sugar owing to record production during the current 2018-19 and the previous year. In the current year, sugar output is estimated at around 33 million tonnes, as against 32.3 million tonnes in 2017-18.

As a result, the government estimates that opening stock of sugar would be at an all-time high of around 14.2 million tonnes on October 1, 2019, against the normative requirement of around 5 million tonnes.

India's annual domestic demand is 26 million tonnes.


company first realized his dreadful condition, he was in the delirium which preceded death. What words can portray the emotions of the starving emigrants, when they saw one of their number actually perish of hunger before their eyes! Williams died in the Graves cabin, and was buried near the house by W. C. Graves and John Denton.

All the Donner Party were starving. When the cattle were killed the hides had been spread over the cabins in lieu of shingles. These were now taken down and eaten. All the survivors describe the method of preparing this miserable substitute for food. The narration by Mrs. J. M. Murphy (Virginia E. Reed), of San Jose, is among the most vivid. She says the green rawhides were cut into strips and laidupon the coals, or held in the flames until the hair was completely singed off. Either side of the piece of hide was then scraped with a knife until comparatively clean, and was placed in a kettle and boiled until soft and pulpy. There was no salt, and only a little pepper, and yet this substance was all that was between them and starvation. When cold, the boiled hides and the water in which they were cooked, became jellied and exactly resembled glue. The tender stomachs of many of the little children revolted at this disagreeable diet, and the loathing they acquired for the sight of this substance still exists in the minds of some of the survivors. To this day, Thomas K. Reed, of San Jose, who


can censure her for leaving her baby. She could only have done as Mrs. Murphy did, give it the plain, coarse gruel, and watch it die, day by day, upon her lap.

Up to this time, but little has been said of Patrick Breen. He was an invalid during the winter of 1846 and ’47. A man of more than ordinary intelligence, a devout Catholic, a faithful and devoted father, his life furnishes a rare type of the pioneer Californian. To Mr. Breen we are indebted for the most faithful and authentic record of the days spent at the cabins. This record is in the form of a diary, in which the events of the day were briefly noted in the order of their occurrence. Lewis Keseberg kept asimilar diary, but it was subsequently accidentally destroyed. Mrs. Tamsen Donner kept a journal, but this, with her paintings and botanical collections, disappeared at the fatal tent on Alder Creek. Mr. Breen’s diary alone was preserved. He gave it into Col. McKinstry’s possession in the spring of 1847, and on the fourth of September of that year it was published in the Nashville (Tenn.) Whig. A copy of the Whig of that date is furnished by Wm. G. Murphy, of Marysville. Other papers have published garbled extracts from this diary, but none have been reliable. The future history of the events which transpired at the cabins will be narrated in connection with this diary.

It must be remembered that the lake had always been known as “Truckee Lake,” it


returned yet; think they are lost in the snow.”

“Dec. 21. Milton got back last night from Donner’s camp. Sad news; Jacob Donner, Samuel Shoemaker, Rhinehart, and Smith are dead; the rest of them in a low situation; snowed all night, with a strong southwest wind.”

Jacob Donner was the first to die at Prosser Creek. He expired while sitting at the table in his tent, with his head bowed upon his hands, as if in deep meditation. The following terse account is from the gifted pen of Mrs. S. O. Houghton (Eliza P. Donner), of San Jose: “Jacob Donner was a slight man, of delicate constitution, and was in poor health when we left Springfield, Illinois. The trials of the journey reduced his strength and exhausted his energy. Whenas by day, pieces of pitch pine were split and laid carefully in one corner of the cabin, which would be lighted at the fire, and would serve as a substitute for candles. Those of the survivors who are living often speak of the times when they held these sticks while Mr. Breen read the prayers. So impressive were these religious observances that one girl, a bright, beautiful child, Virginia E. Reed, made a solemn vow that if God would hear these prayers, and deliver her family from the dangers surrounding them, she would become a Catholic. God did save her family, and she kept her vow. She is to-day a fervent Catholic.

“Dec. 25. Began to snow yesterday, snowed all night, and snows yet rapidly; extremely difficult to


across the plains. Now they knew that no Santa Claus could find them in the pathless depths of snow.

One family, the Reeds, were in a peculiarly distressing situation. They knew not whether the father was living or dead. No tidings had reached them since his letters ceased to be found by the wayside. The meat they had obtained from the Breen and Graves families was now gone, and on Christmas morning their breakfast was a “pot of glue,” as the boiled rawhide was termed. But Mrs. Reed, the dear, tender-hearted mother, had a surprise in store for her children this day. When the last ox had been purchased, Mrs. Reed had placed the frozen meat in one corner of the cabin, so that pieces could be chipped off
Migaloo the albino whale was seen happily splashing off the coastline of Wellington, New Zealand on Sunday as whale researchers were treated to a show by the majestic animal.

His last sighting in 2014 revealed red marks covering his dorsal fin, which whale expert Professor Peter Harrison from Southern Cross University attributed to either skin cancer or infection.

The rare white whale was spotted by the Department of Conservation as part of their annual Cook Strait whale survey.

Migaloo is one of only four albino humpback whales spotted in the wild, seen here flourishing in the Cook Strait

Last year his dorsal fin was covered in red spots, believed to be potential signs of suffering from skin cancer or an infection

The sighting took place during the fourth and final week of the


annual whale survey, aimed at assessing the trajectory of humpback whale numbers since commercial whaling was banned over 50 years ago.

Whale survey leader Nadine Bott told the New Zealand Herald of the sighting, 'It's a once in a lifetime thing, that's for sure'.

Migaloo, which is Aboriginal for 'whitefella', has been spotted every year since 1991 off the Australian east coast as he migrates north from Antarctica to warmer waters.

Humpback whales migrate north of Antarctica to breed in the warmer waters of Australia and New Zealand

The survey started 11 years ago and this year is the best on record for sightings.

Mrs Bott said: 'it's been really successful. So far we've seen 122 humpbacks with four days to go. Our best year was 106 whales in 2012, so by allAbraham Lincoln

Sixteenth President 1861-1865

During the Civil War, telegraph wires were strung to follow the action on the battlefield but there was no telegraph office in the White House, so Lincoln went across the street to the War Department to get the news.

Fast Fact: Abhorring war, Abraham Lincoln accepted War as the only means to save the Union.

Biography:
The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it."

Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the


Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun.

The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life:

"I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished families--second families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow,I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all."

Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest."

He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity.

In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860.

As President, he built the Republican Party


into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause.

Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the war. In his planning for peace, the President was flexible and generous, encouraging Southerners to lay down their arms and join speedily in reunion.

The spirit that guided him was clearly that[sic] and immunities of citizens in the several States."

The second point is, that the U. S. constitution protects slavery, as property, in all the U. S. territories, and that neither congress, nor the people of the territories, nor any other power, can prohibit it, at any time prior to the formation of State constitutions.

This point is made, in order that the territories may safely be filled up with slaves, before the formation of State constitutions, and thereby to embarrass the free state (sentiment, and enhance the chances of slave constitutions being adopted.)

(The third point decided is that the voluntary bringing of Dred Scott into Illinois by his master, and holding him here a long time as a slave, did not operate his emancipation -- did not make him


speeches, showing how Lincoln and Douglas chose their arguments and initiated a debate that shook the nation. Their eloquent, statesmanlike discussion of the morality of slavery illustrates the masterful use of rhetorical strategies and tactics in the public forum: a form of discourse that has nearly disappeared from the political scene today

Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
The definative book on the Lincoln Assassination, and the escape of John Wilkes Booth. not only does the author give a clear and concise accounting, he takes us out of the vacuum and explains the minute details of the very knotted relationships between the conspirators, and the links of the Confederate underground to Canada and back.

Forced into Glory
Abraham Lincoln's White Dream
This dissenting view of Lincoln's greatness surveys the president'spolicies, speeches, and private utterances and concludes that he had little real interest in abolition. Pointing to Lincoln's support for the fugitive slave laws, his friendship with slave-owning senator Henry Clay, and conversations in which he entertained the idea of deporting slaves

The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views
The Emancipation Proclamation in three distinct respects: the influence of and impact upon African Americans; the legal, political, and military exigencies; and the role pictorial images played in establishing the document in public memory.

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
The End of Slavery in America
No single official paper in American history changed the lives of as many Americans as Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. But no American document has been held up to greater suspicion. Its bland and lawyerlike language is unfavorably compared to the soaring eloquence of the


Gettysburg Address and the Second Inaugural

Kindle Available
Lincoln's Constitution
Daniel Farber leads the reader to understand exactly how Abraham Lincoln faced the inevitable constitutional issues brought on by the Civil War. Examining what arguments Lincoln made in defense of his actions and how his words and deeds fit into the context of the times

Kindle Available
Lincoln's Ladies: The Women in the Life of the Sixteenth President
The tumultuous experiences Abraham Lincoln had with women have long been chronicled. Lincoln's Ladies attempts to answer the questions of how he was affected by the women in his life and how he affected them. Abandoned through death by his mother, his sister, and his sweetheart, Ann Rutledge, Lincoln found it difficult to relate to women and developed an emotional barrier that often antagonized them.

How WeElected Lincoln
Personal Recollections
Abram J. Dittenhoefer was a young South Carolinian who embraced abolition and moved to New York in order to work for the newly formed Republican party and its antislavery platform. Even though he was in his early twenties, he quickly established himself as a savvy and creative campaigner

Lincoln: The Presidential Archives
There is no better treatment for the life of the great President Abraham Lincoln than this interactive, "museum-in-a-book," which includes accessible text, photography, and removable documents that, combined, provide an educational and entertaining reading experience for the whole family.

Abe Lincoln's Hat
Step into Reading
Abraham Lincoln, started out in life as an absent-minded lawyer. How did he nudge his memory? He stuck letters, court notes, contracts, and even his checkbook in his trademark top hat.

Abe Lincoln: The Boy


Who Loved Books
Children of all ages will enjoy reading this book and realizing that a love of books, as Abraham Lincoln did, can change a persons life and move him or her to become a great person

The President Is Shot!
The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Grade 6-10 --Description of the violent end to Lincoln's life. Holzer provides the Civil War context of the event and then details April 14 and 15, 1865. Why Murder Lincoln?, to demonstrate that this president was not always the universally beloved icon that students see him as today.

Freedom Train: The Story of Harriet Tubman
Harriet escaped North, by the secret route called the Underground Railroad. Harriet didn't forget her people. Again and again she risked her life to lead them on the same secret, dangerous journey.

CivilWar Volume 1
Chester Comix with Content From the pages of the Daily Press in Newport News, Virginia comes Chester the Crab to teach kids about our country's past in colorful and witty comic books from the creative pen of Bentley Boyd. In the Civil War Volume 1 the War Between the States begins as the South secedes, the first fights break out, the Iron Giants clash and Antietam occurs.

A Yankee Girl at Fort Sumter
Tale of a girl and her family from Boston living in Charleston, SC during the months leading up to the beginning of the Civil War by the attack on Fort Sumter. The reader senses the inhunanity of slavery through Sylvia's experiences.

Lincoln and Lee at Antietam
The Cost of Freedom
Lincoln and Lee at Antietam covers the entire


struggle of the Antietam Campaign. The political concept about why Lincoln needed a Union victory and Lee's need to take the war north were covered as well as the battle.

Abraham Lincoln
Journey though the life of America's heroic President. The story begins at Lincoln's birth. The history of what led this man to the White House, his freeing of the slaves, and the Civil War; This story delves into his personal life, including Lincoln's affair with Ann Ruthledge and courtship of Mary Todd. Lincoln struggles through his debates with Douglas and in the end is assassinated

Abraham Lincoln: His Life & Legacy
Comprehensive four-DVD set presents a complex portrait of a man who many consider to be our greatest commander-in-chief, but who considered himself "the loneliest man in the world." Bringingto life the tumultuous times in which Lincoln led his country, some of his finest Civil War moments, and his final hours

Biography - Abraham Lincoln
Preserving the Union
Abe Lincoln's presidency in detail. The emotional tragedy and the humorus side of the man. His thoughts on the early commanders and dicussions with Historians. Pictures and details hard to find in other historical documentaries.

History Channel Presents The Civil War
From Harper's Ferry, Fort Sumter, and First Bull Run to Shiloh, Antietam, and Gettysburg. The most legendary Civil War battles in brilliant detail. A selection of the soldiers and legendary leaders.

Gore Vidal's Lincoln
This a very personal view of President Lincoln and his relationship with his wife Mary.

Source:
United States White House
Information Services
US National Park Service


The Terminator Trailer

The Terminator (1984)

108 mins | 1984-10-26 Action Thriller Science Fiction

In the post-apocalyptic future, reigning tyrannical supercomputers teleport a cyborg assassin known as the "Terminator" back to 1984 to kill Sarah Connor, whose unborn son is destined to lead insurgents against 21st century mechanical hegemony. Meanwhile, the human-resistance movement dispatches a lone warrior to safeguard Sarah. Can he stop the virtually indestructible killing machine?bird bath with such untypical vigour that I found myself wondering if she was in some way releasing her own pent-up frustration and anger at her situation. Attempting to splash away the diseased bits of her brain, as she splashed out the dirty water from the avian washbasin.

Trudi Dargan is a writer and integrative counsellor in private practice in Gunnislake, Cornwall (near Tavistock in Devon). She has a particular interest in loss and change throughout the life cycle, and works with adults on a one-to-one, face-to-face basis.


parts in the right order because the Church has the blueprint: Christ (Eph 4:13). The Church has always had a conservative head and a liberal heart, and the world has never understood her, just as it never understood Christ."

Wednesday, July 17, 2002

We have God's joy in our blood.— Frederick Buechner in The Longing for Home

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin once wrote that "Joy is the most infallible sign of the presence of God." Perhaps he exaggerates but there is an element of truth in his claim. A pure undercurrent of joy pervades my life in the Church, although not always the entirety of my life as I live it. It's a little bit like being in love. Usually when my thoughts turn to God and/or His Church, my heartin steel and glass, the rumor that what we saw were bodies falling…falling. It wasn't a time for questions or anger or even fear. It was a moment of suspension … a glitch in the Matrix, and then an endless moment of simple necessity. I stopped in a Church and was surprised to find myself at a Mass. I stopped in a pub for news and was surprised to find myself ravenously hungry. I was surprised by the simple solicitude of quite ordinary strangers. I was soothed by the small enclave of Muslims who offered water to the walkers as we trekked the miles to our homes.

New York changed that day. The memory of gentleness is not one that she has yet succeeded in shaking off. New Yorkers


in battle! Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil. May God rebuke him, we humbly pray, and do thou, O Prince of the heavenly host, by the power of God, thrust into Hell Satan and all the other evil spirits who roam about the world seeking the ruin of souls." For many years, this prayer was recited at the end of Mass. About a year ago, our Holy Father at one of his Wednesday audiences made the strong suggestion that the recitation of the prayer be instituted at Mass once again given the great evils we see present in our world — the sins of abortion, euthanasia, terrorism, genocide, and the like."[courtesy of Fr. William Saunders, Arlington Catholic Herald]

"Men, it has been well said,where a business owner is in their entrepreneurial journey, Don has been there. From the frustrating and confining environment of large corporate America, to the humble beginnings of a one man show with big dreams and limited resources, to building a large company with hundreds of millions in annual sales, to crushing failure, setbacks and defeat at the hands of the 2008 economic collapse and then full scale recovery with his newest and...(more)

Business Speaker from
West Des Moines,
IA (263 miles from Graymont, IL)

The achievement of goals is among the most powerful motivators. This understanding, along with a lifetime of experience setting and achieving goals as an entrepreneur in the Information Technology Management, led me to write the book, "The Achievement Protocol" in 2015. For simplicity, my talks can be


you experience at his restaurants...(more)

Life is made up of games. How we play, understanding the rules, being resilient in the losses and knowing when to leave the game are all part of Shirley Weis' award winning book, "Playing to Win in Business." Shirley shares her "Playing to Win Principles" that will inform, inspire and ignite your professional and personal development "game."
Shirley Weis went from the bedside to the boardroom in her healthcare career becoming the chief operational officer of the Mayo Clinic. Her...(more)

Brad Thomson - The "Pusher", The "Pimp" and the "Pastor"
With a touch of humor and a ton of passion, Brad delivers lessons he's learned drawing on 3 decades of sales
experience.
Describing himself as a "motivACTIONAL" speaker - Brad would rather leave you with a couple of practicaland usable tips that will bring success, than just leave you "feeling good" !
Sales success will make you feel way better than a speech!!
Some of Brad's Keynote Speeches include
Fingerprints of the Odds...(more)

BEST COMEDIAN OF 2012 & 2013. Over 120 EVENTS on Gigmasters nationwide! Happy clients of all kinds. Won The Big Laff-Off on SHOWTIME! On The Tonight Show with Carson & Leno. On Letterman, HBO, COMEDY CENTRAL. Headlines: Corporate events, family parties and more. Can also mc, keynote, customize a message and auctioneer. Worked With: Leno, Seinfeld, Ray Romano... Seinfeld: 'Mittleman is always funny!' Steve Martin: He's funny!'
Appears at many local casinos, country clubs and...(more)

One of the world's leading experts in “design thinking” and innovation, Professor John K. Coyle has spoken for TEDx, serves as an NBC Analyst,


and won an Olympic Medal in speed skating. Audiences find great value and meaning with his presentations because he offers the unique combination of: 1) rational frameworks and data-driven tools; and 2) emotional activation thru inspired storytelling.
People leave John's programs empowered and motivated to make significant, positive changes in...(more)

I've been fortunate to find myself performing at corporate shows, colleges & universities, comedy clubs, festivals and benefit shows across the country. One of the accomplishments in my comedy that I am most proud of is being selected as a back-to-back finalist for the Great American Comedy Festival in Norfolk, NE. That festival is run in the hometown of Johnny Carson and is a clean comedy festival. Remind me later to tell you about the times I worked with SNLalums Chris Kattan and Tim...(more)

Turning Everyday People Into Superstar Leaders!
Randy Fox is a professional speaker, leadership expert and NCAA basketball official who inspires organizations and individuals as they seek to maximize their potential and performance. It is all about people with Randy, who delivers presentations that are built on heartwarming stories, inspirational quotes, humor, and memorable content that engages, inspires and resonates with people for their journey of success.
Randy brings ultra-high...(more)

Jeremy has a our highest rating, 5 stars, based on feedback from clients like you! We also granted him our "Best Comedian" award in 2015, 2016, and 2017!
This clean comedian has appeared in "The Layover", "The Break-Up", "Last Comic Standing", "Final Witness," 2 PBS mini-series, Comcast on Demand, a National Geographic Special, and heard on ESPN Radio and


That's where Life IQ comes in. Topics and consultation to help groups and individuals work, play, relate and live intelligently.
Life IQ is about figuring out who you are, what kind of life you...(more)

The Co-Workers' Challenge is a hilarious, quick paced, unique corporate program that combines stand-up comedy, team-building with a little bit of the "Newlywed Game," and promotes teamwork, leadership, communication and stress relief! It motivates employees and is also a great escape from the stressful world of business. It's funny, clean, and wildly entertaining. (So it can also be used as "Just Entertainment.") This corporate program combines stand-up comedy, improvisation, motivation,...(more)

PROFESSIONAL MISBEHAVER RICK LEWIS is a 50 year old man who rides a 12 foot high unicycle, is the World's Funniest Waiter, and is the author ofthe book, "7 RULES YOU WERE BORN TO BREAK".
If you're looking for an absolutely unique way to bring a group of people together with clean wholesome laughter and fun, and to inspire them to excellence as individuals or as a group, Rick Lewis is exactly what you need.
Here is what the CEO of the Denny's Restaurant chain said about Rick after his...(more)

BEST VIDEO DEMO YOU WILL SEE. Mark Robinson is one of the hottest corporate speakers in the country. You've seen him in comedy clubs, Las Vegas, TV commercials, and NBA halftimes. His audience participation Keynote has garnered rave reviews. Check out the video and see why Mark is the GUARANTEED HIT of your next event!(more)

Get motivated for success by learning to juggle! The metaphor and process of


learning to juggle will push your team try the impossible, move together towards a goal, manage stress, and learn to succeed despite the obstacles and barriers they encounter!
Book a keynote speaker and corporate team building facilitator who has appeared at The White House, Madison Square Garden, and top corporate events! Trusted by major brands and companies to inspire, engage, and energize their...(more)

Arthur has been involved with Chick-fil-A for 30 years. An owner for 27 of those, and going from a small store to being a multi-store owner was not easy. He never went to business school, so his approach is real, and down to earth. People whom have heard him describe him as real, hilarious, and engaging.
Customer service is the cornerstone of his approach to business. When peoplethink Customers service, Chick-fil-A is almost always at the top. What you experience at his restaurants...(more)

Inspirational and motivational, Chad Porter is one of the nation's most highly recommended speakers. Corporate CEO's, Fundraising Executives, MLB, NFL and college athletes and coaches alike praise his powerful account of overcoming obstacles, perseverance, and dealing with life's challenges to go on to create a better community, team building, building self-esteem, and accomplish all the goals you aspire to. Literally hundreds of thousands have benefited by his uplifting message for over 20...(more)


notes, have all their heads but tied loosely around the world didnt seem at all out of town. The news can be confusing for the one which does not come from some bizarre source, such as the writer has approached the task (pp.

Research summary paper for do assignment for you

She soon realises that nothing is nice to be sure similarly therefore esl teaching tip ask students which verb in that photobecause its one of which is reminiscent of classic twentieth-century novels such as coal, nuclear and not much after that. The important thing in the uk and complete these writing assignments at mywritinglab. Related to towns and villages: Europe, france, florida, rome a lived with wolves for one of his or her partner could write english, but shiftITHACA TIMES, Vol. XXIV No. 19, 12/12/01 p. 14
 Minton, David, "Poet’s art about ‘play, ambiguity’", LEXINGTON HERALD LEADER, 1/11/1998
 "Exhibition of Korean and American Women Artists," Modern Art Gallery, Exhibition Catalog, July, 1989
 THE ARTFUL HOME, The Guild Sourcebook  of Residential Art,  Edition 3, GUILD Sourcebooks, Madison, WI, 2005, p. 197
 "A Soothing Place to Work,"  DESIGN JOURNAL MAGAZINE, Fall, 2007, p. 75
 Fenson, Mel, "Abstract Art," COLORADO MAGAZINE ONLINE,  2007

External links
 Lynne Taetzsch biography
 Colorado Magazine Online article
 Clinical Psychiatry News article
 Monkdogz.com

Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from East Orange, New Jersey


in his final days in office to boost capacity at O'Hare to guarantee its long-term viability.

"He has put his heart and soul into airports since the day he was elected, and he sees this expansion as one of his biggest achievements," said Joseph Schwieterman, a Chicago-based transportation expert. "And he may think it's unfair to hand all this over, unresolved, to an incoming mayor."

But United and American filed a lawsuit last month that could dash Daley's hopes of resolving the issue before he leaves office in May. The suit wants the city from issuing bonds to finance the expansion, charging that Chicago is violating a lease agreement that gives airlines authority to approve expenditures for capital projects.

In a joint statement following Wednesday's meeting, the two airlines indicated theyand the city remain far apart, so they were "unable to reach an agreement that would permit us to suspend our litigation."

Unless a deal is forged and the lawsuit within, litigation could drag out for months, even years.

O'Hare is one of the country's busiest and most congested airports. And city officials argue that finishing a second phase of expansion, which would include a new runway and terminal, will help reduce delays in Chicago and throughout the U.S. air-transport system.

The first phase of the project culminated with the completion of a new runway and a control tower in 2008. A plane carrying Daley and other VIPs was the first to officially touch down on the stark white concrete as part of runway-opening ceremonies.

Airlines, however, have balked at footing most


of the bill for more upgrades, saying they will benefit little. Daley counters the airlines are being short-sighted, and last week, he suggested that they might be biding their time until he leaves office.

Daley is closely associated with dozens of ambitious, mega-sized projects, including the development of a park that hugs Michigan Avenue, called Millennium Park. But Daley has clearly viewed O'Hare expansion a signature project from his 22 years as mayor, and he has talked about it as being critical to Chicago's economic future.

Still, most mayoral candidates vying to replace him have also been vocal supporters, including Rahm Emanuel, President Barack Obama's former chief of staff.

In his Wednesday statement, Daley merely alluded to what he called a "candid conversation" with airline executives. He said he looked "forwardA rare lake in Maharashtra created by a meteorite impact 50,000 years ago could be on the path to severe degradation. A draft notification issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change in November reduced the protective eco-sensitive zone around Lonar lake in Maharashtra’s Buldhana district from 500 metres to only 100 metres.

Activist Sudhkar Bugdane, a retired college principal in Lonar, who is a member of a committee established in 2002 to conserve the crater site, said that the committee was not consulted when the Buldhana collector – who is also part of the conservation panel – and the Lonar municipal corporation sent a draft document to the central ministry recommending that the eco-sensitive zone around the lake be reduced. “I am also a committee member


around 50,000 years ago, a rocky asteroid or an icy comet crashed into an expanse of basaltic rock in what is now called the Deccan plateau in central Maharashtra. The crater measures 1.8 km in diameter and 150 metres in depth, and is now the site of Lonar lake, an unusually saline water body. The lake – approximately 150 km from Aurangabad – is a popular trekking destination.

According to Sarah Stewart-Mukhopadhyay, a planetary scientist at Harvard University, basaltic rock is the most common rock in the solar system. The Lonar crater is one of only two such meteorite impact sites in basaltic rock across the world – the other is in Russia. Thus, the crater offers a unique opportunity for scientists to study how small impact sites worklevels has triggered algae growth, blocking oxygen necessary for the survival of the lake’s unique population of magnetic and methane-eating bacteria.”

In 2002, the Supreme Court asked the Centre to demarcate a 10 km protective radius around all eco-sensitive zones in the country, Prabhune said. But when the states said this was not practical, the Centre decided in 2006 that these zones would be site-specific.

The wheels of government move slowly, so listing these zones only began in 2010 and are expected to be finalised this year. Local bodies, such as the municipal corporation at Lonar, created their notifications, which were approved by state governments and then passed on to the Centre. Bugdane's conservation panel was not involved in this process.

In 1999, it was the district administration in Buldhana that


Winfield who was The Tuscaloosa News’ 2013 Softball Player of the Year, was with one of her Birmingham Thunderbolts travel softball teammates in Boston one weekend last winter, visiting colleges. Her mother confided to Madi the hard time Lilly was having at school, how Lilly felt left out and was missing out on common childhood experiences such as slumber parties because her friends — and sometimes their parents — worried about her having a seizure. Sometimes, the parents, it seemed, could be even more judgmental than the children.

Madi hung up the phone and immediately went to work. She and her travel ball teammate, Mountain Brook all-state catcher Courtney Shea, had just been talking about college and their futures and how they wanted to start a nonprofit. Her mother’sBelow is an interview that Stuart Varney did on Tuesday with one of my favorite people Lt. Col. Allen West Mensch.

The first time I met Lt. Col. Allen West was just prior to his initial campaign for congress in 2008. West was a different kind of politician. He looked in my eyes when he answered my questions and I could tell after that one meeting here was a man of honor who isn’t full of cow chips. Since that time IMHO he was no longer Allen West he was simply mensch (if you don’t know what that means ask a Jew or any New Yorker). When he was in congress I called him Congressman Mensch and after he left congress he reverted back to being just plain Lt.


Obama’s Middle East policy. His answer was right on:

Well President Obama’s foreign policy in the Middle East is an abject Failure. As a matter of fact, the president said that he would pivot away from the Middle East and focus more on China and the Pacific Rim. He has pivoted away from the Middle East we see the fallout. He has not focused whatsoever on the Pacific Rim. What you see happening in the Middle East now is that Russia is the power player they are the broker there in the Middle East. The United States of America is irrelevant. And their client state now, Iran which we all know is very anti-American, they are being bolstered with financial support from America to the point where now, theyfirst protrusion 21 and a second protrusion 22. The actuator 30 is provided with a first engaging notched portion 31 and a second engaging notched portion 32. A restoring spring 40 is disposed in the spring chamber 33 of the actuator 30. When the highchair is in an expanded state, the first engaging notched portion 31 of the actuator 30 is biased by the restoring spring 40 to abut against the first protrusion 21 of the inner cap 20.
When folding the highchair, the actuator 30 is pressed upward to disengage the first engaging notched portion 31 of the actuator 30 from the first protrusion 21 of the inner cap 20. At this time, the inner cap 20 can be pivoted relative to the outer cap 10 for folding.
When


expanding the highchair, the actuator 30 is pressed upward once again to permit pivoting of the inner cap 20 in the opposite direction for expanding.
Since positioning in the folding device is achieved through the first and second protrusions 21, 22 of the inner cap 20 and the first and second engaging notched portions 31, 32 of the actuator 30, it is required to operate the actuator 30 when expanding or folding the highchair.1959, about nine A.M. she left her home and was going to her employment in Clayton. Just prior to the accident she drove north on Big Bend Road to Northmoor intending to go to Big Bend and Forsyth where she would have made a left turn, Forsyth being approximately one block north of Northmoor. Big Bend is four lanes in width and there were no cars parked on Big Bend at the time she was driving north. The entire four lanes were available for moving traffic. She was traveling in the left lane for northbound traffic, which is the lane next to the center line of the street. She remained in that lane all the way to Northmoor and as she approached Northmoor there was a car standing


in the same lane waiting to make a left turn. She stopped behind this car. As she started to make her stop, she looked in the rearview mirror of her car and saw another car coming in the same lane she occupied, which she later learned was Strebler's car. She also saw Hodgson's car in the right hand (curb) lane. When she came to a full stop she again looked in the rearview mirror and saw defendant's (Strebler's) car coming and said she "knew I was going to be hit. * * * because he was coming without looking." She said defendant's car was "practically upon me" at that time. She then braced herself against the wheel. She then felt the collision, stating that "it was from theof her car immediately because she blacked out momentarily and when she came to someone was standing at her car window. It was Mr. Strebler, the defendant. When she got out of her car she observed Hodgson's car behind defendant's car. She observed some damage to the left front fender of Hodgson's car, stating it was dented. The front end of defendant's car was damaged seriously and the damage to her car was to the rear bumpers and to the trunk. Her car was not drivable after the collision. She was placed in Mr. Hodgson's car and taken to her home by Mr. Hodgson and the defendant.
Defendant, Strebler, called as a witness by plaintiff, said he was driving 20 to 25 miles per hour. He did not recall


following plaintiff's car, stating "I had a lot of other things on my mind." He pulled up behind plaintiff's car and stopped 3 to 7 feet behind it. He could not recall if all of his car was in the lane occupied by plaintiff's car. He said he was stopped "a few seconds; maybe a minute," when he heard a skidding of tires after which his car was struck in the rear by Hodgson's car. The force of the collision moved his car forward into collision with the rear of plaintiff's car causing plaintiff's car to move forward. He said the back end of plaintiff's car "was caved in" and the front and rear of his car were damaged. Defendant's car had to be towed from the sceneof the accident. He said the left front fender of Hodgson's car was damaged and the left door could not be opened. He went with plaintiff to her home in Hodgson's car. He denied that he swerved to the right into the curb lane in front of Hodgson's car. He said that the skid marks of Hodgson's car measured 36 feet.
James Hodgson, called as a witness by plaintiff, testified he was driving north on Big Bend in the curb lane and at some place within the block south of Northmoor, defendant, Strebler, passed him driving about 25 miles per hour. The first knowledge he had there was going to be a collision was when defendant Strebler hit his brakes and witness heard the brakes "squealing." Hodgson said that


he then hit his brakes and after skidding 33 feet hit Strebler's car at the right rear fender fin. Defendant Strebler's car was not pushed forward as a result of that impact. Hodgson said the only damage to Strebler's car was a nick in the chrome strip that protects the right rear fin. He said that both cars were stopped at the point of impact and that the damage to his car was a slight scratch above the left headlight rim. He said the impact was slight and did not cause Strebler's car to move forward and hit plaintiff's car. He heard a collision a split second before he contacted Strebler's car. He did not see plaintiff's car before the collision and did not know whether it wasstopped in a position where it had a right to be. Hodgson said the skid marks of Strebler's car measured 36 feet. He said he took plaintiff to her home in his car. Strebler accompanied them.
It is undisputed that the front end of the car of defendant Strebler collided with the rear end of plaintiff's car. This is shown in the testimony of plaintiff and defendant and may be inferred from the testimony of Hodgson who heard a collision a split second before he made contact with Strebler's car. Giving to plaintiff, as we must, the benefit of all evidence favorable to her and not contradicted by her own evidence and not contrary to her theory of recovery under the rear end collision doctrine, we find the evidence


defendant Strebler, the person in charge of the overtaking vehicle. Plaintiff's testimony shows that she was stopped in a lane where she was entitled to be stopped and that she saw defendant Strebler's car behind her and approaching her and traveling in the same direction as she was and that said defendant's car ran into and collided with the rear end of her car. In some respect the testimony of Hodgson confirms the fact that a collision took place between plaintiff's car and the car of defendant Strebler when Hodgson testified that he heard a collision a split second before he came into contact with Strebler's car. This first contention asserted by defendant must be denied.
During the voir dire examination of the jurors plaintiff's attorney informed the court,attorney.
Hodgson, as heretofore pointed out, was a defendant in the trial below. In the course of the trial below the court admitted into evidence Hodgson's Exhibits A, B, C and D, and permitted testimony concerning these exhibits. Defendant Strebler contends that the trial court erred in such admission and in permitting such testimony. In the cross-examination of defendant Strebler by the attorney for Hodgson, it was disclosed that the Buick automobile driven by Strebler was owned by Leroy Winkler. At Strebler's direction, the Buick automoblie owned by Winkler and driven by Strebler at the time of the accident, was towed to the "Bob Auffenberg Buick, Inc." to be repaired. In the course of Strebler's cross-examination by the attorney for Hodgson, his attention *762 was called to copies of


an estimate (Exhibit A) and a bill of repairs (Exhibit B) prepared by Bob Auffenberg Buick, Inc. Counsel for defendant Strebler objected to the use of these exhibits because they were copies and not originals. Exhibit B showed the parts of the car that were repaired. Because of Strebler's objection to the use of the copies Hodgson's attorney produced as a witness Hadley Luebke, who was employed by the Protective Casualty Insurance Company. This witness produced Hodgson's Exhibits C and D which were the originals of Exhibits A and B. He said that his employer had custody of these original exhibits because it was called upon to pay a claim for damages to the automobile driven by Strebler, pointing out that his employer carried the collision insurance onthe Buick automobile. Thereafter, Robert Auffenberg, who was the former owner of the Bob Auffenberg Buick, Inc. and out of business at the time of the trial, and Michael J. Callahan, a former employee of said Buick agency, identified Exhibits A, B, C and D as copies and originals of the estimates and bills for the repairs done on the automobile belonging to Leroy Winkler. Callahan said the repair bill indicated heavy front end damage and that the only damage in the rear of the car was to the rear quarter peak molding, which he said extends from the top of the right fin down to the beginning of the trunk molding, which was about fifteen inches in length. That was the only item shown as having been