a coma, per USA Today. After being taken to a Tampa area hospital, Booth remained unconscious for 47 days. On the 48th, seemingly almost miraculously, he woke up, still knowing who he was and who his family members were.

Though it took some time for him to regain his speech — a tracheotomy has hindered his abilities — when he finally did, he had only tacos on the brain.

"He actually said, out loud, 'I want Taco Bell,'" Booth's brother Jason Schwartz said. "That was the very first thing he said... When he starts getting into a full sentence, he can't do it. But when he does one or two words at a time, you can definitely understand him. So when he asked for Taco Bell almost immediately, his friend2008.11.17: November 17, 2008: Headlines: COS - Honduras: Election2008 - Obama: Politics: The New Yorker: Honduras RPCV Jon Carson was part of the team that made the important decision, during the race against Clinton, to target small caucus states where Clinton had virtually no presence

Honduras RPCV Jon Carson was part of the team that made the important decision, during the race against Clinton, to target small caucus states where Clinton had virtually no presence

As the campaign got ready for Super Tuesday, Carson called upon the volunteers—in particular, those he called the “super-volunteers,” people who had left their jobs or dropped out of school to help. He estimated that there were about fifteen thousand super-volunteers working full time for Obama. Carson recalled the moment when the campaign figured out


if Clinton and Obama split the first four states, which is what happened. Obama won Iowa and South Carolina, and Clinton won New Hampshire and Nevada.

David Plouffe’s field director was Jon Carson. When we spoke, five days before the election, it was at a cafeteria-style Italian restaurant in the food court of the office building that housed Obama’s headquarters. He wore a gray button-down shirt and khakis, and told me that we had exactly forty-five minutes. Carson has a civil-engineering degree and spent time in Honduras working as a water and sanitation engineer. He, like Plouffe, made me think of the focussed men in white shirts and narrow black ties who, in the nineteen-sixties, ran the space program. When Carson hired field organizers for the campaign, he saidand Nevada.

As the campaign got ready for Super Tuesday, Carson called upon the volunteers—in particular, those he called the “super-volunteers,” people who had left their jobs or dropped out of school to help. He estimated that there were about fifteen thousand super-volunteers working full time for Obama. Carson recalled the moment when the campaign figured out what it would cost to put a hundred organizers out in the February 5th states. “It was the first time that we took an enormous leap of faith in our grass-roots network that was already out there,” he said.

On October 1st, a field organizer named Joey Bristol, a recent graduate of Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School, who had delayed a career at the State Department and was working as an intern at the


As both are on the threshold of departing their official positions with the League, ARRL President Kay Craigie, N3KN, presented ARRL CEO David Sumner, K1ZZ, with the ARRL President’s Award. The presentation came during the ARRL Board of Directors’ 2016 Annual Meeting, under way through January 16 in Windsor, Connecticut. She also recognized two Board members for their 50 years of League membership.

The legend on the ARRL President’s Award plaque recognizes Sumner for “for lifetime dedication to advancing the art, science, and enjoyment of Amateur Radio.” Sumner announced last year that he would be stepping down at the end of May after 44 years on the ARRL Headquarters staff, most of that time as CEO. A successor has not yet been announced. Both President Craigie and CEO Sumnerare attending their last ARRL Board of Directors meeting.

Licensed in 1962, Sumner has been engaged in Amateur Radio in the domestic and international arenas for most of the years since. Sometimes called “Mr Amateur Radio” in recognition of the breadth and depth of his knowledge and expertise, Sumner is an active contester and DXer.

President Craigie will hand over the gavel to incoming President Rick Roderick, K5UR, at the conclusion of the Annual Meeting. She has held the League’s top elective office since 2010.


the MAC organization following the Casablanca Conference, No. 201 Group was not part of the Northwest African Coastal Air Force (NACAF), but remained in RAF Middle East Command under its new commander, Air Chief Marshal Sir Sholto Douglas. On 5 March 1943, Air Vice Marshal Thomas Langsford-Sainsbury took over command of No. 201 Group. Appropriately, 201 group's previous commander during the campaigns in Egypt and Libya, Hugh Lloyd, took command of the coastal component (NACAF), which along with the Northwest African Strategic Air Force (NASAF) and the Northwest African Tactical Air Force (NATAF), formed the complete tri-force of NAAF.

Notes:
RAF=Royal Air Force; RAAF=Royal Australian Air Force; SAAF=South African Air Force; FAA=Fleet Air Arm (Royal Navy); Det.=Detachment

On 1 February 1944 No. 201 group was absorbed into Air Defences Eastern Mediterranean.

References

Citations

Bibliography

FurtherConservative strategist Ed Whelan will be taking a “leave of absence” from the Ethics and Public Policy Center after he suggested Christine Blasey Ford, the woman accusing Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh of sexual assault, misidentified her attacker.

The organization's board said in a statement obtained by CNN that Whelan, the president of the organization, initially offered to resign following backlash prompted by his series of tweets seeking to cast doubt on Ford’s allegations.

But the organization decided that Whelan would instead take a leave of absence and that the board will review the situation again in the coming month.

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"After the meeting, Edward Whelan, who has led EPPC with integrity and excellence for many years, offered his resignation in light of what he described as an 'appalling and inexcusable' error


in posting online a series of comments that he has now deleted and for which he promptly publicly apologized,” the EPPC board said in a statement obtained by the publication.

But after deliberation, the statement reads, the board “declined to accept Mr. Whelan's resignation, but determined that he will take a leave of absence from the organization during which time Yuval Levin, EPPC's Vice President and Hertog Fellow, will be in charge."

The statement comes days after Whelan fired off a series of tweets suggesting that Ford may have confused Kavanaugh for another classmate in the alleged assault.

Whelan also named the classmate and provided photos of the classmate on Twitter, in addition to listing the address of the house he suggested the alleged sexual assault took place.

Whelan later apologized forThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has released new open-source software for the unbanked that utilizes technology developed by distributed ledger startup Ripple.

Announced today, Mojaloop is aimed at providing an interoperability layer between financial institutions, payment providers and other firms that offer such services to the poor and unbanked. Ripple’s Interledger protocol, which is used to transact between different financial networks, is being used to help accomplish that goal.

In addition to Ripple, three other financial technology firms participated in the development of the software. The app came out of the group’s Level One Project, an umbrella initiative for its work with the unbanked poor that has seen it explore technologies like blockchain.

The Gates Foundation has been weighing applications of the tech since as early as 2015, including its


"We're excited about our team and it's fun to hear the passion our players have when I've talked to them about representing our country," said Chris Drury, general manager of the 2019 U.S. Men's National Team and also the assistant general manager of the NHL's New York Rangers. "We have one objective and that is to come home with the gold medal."

Team USA will depart the U.S. for Mannheim, Germany, on May 4 where it will spend three days training, including a pre-tournament game against Germany on May 7. The U.S. begins play in the 2019 IIHF Men's World Championship on May 10 against host Slovakia. All U.S. games in the tournament will air live on NHL Network.

The U.S. has medaled in three of the last six IIHFtalk show The View. She co-wrote the "Sully and Denise" sketches with Rachel Dratch, who plays one of the teens.

Fey was an extra in a 1998 episode, and after watching herself, decided to diet and lost 30 pounds. She told The New York Times, "I was a completely normal weight, but I was here in New York City, I had money and I couldn't buy any clothes. After I lost weight, there was interest in putting me on camera." In 1999, McKay stepped down as head writer, which led Michaels to approach Fey for the position. She became SNL's first female head writer.

In 2000, Fey began performing in sketches, and she and Jimmy Fallon became co-anchors of SNL's Weekend Update segment. Fey said she did not ask to audition,


Rock for Broadway Video. At the time she left, the 117 episodes she co-hosted made her SNL's longest-serving Weekend Update anchor, a mark that would later be passed by her replacement, Seth Meyers.  In Rolling Stones February 2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to date, Fey was ranked third in importance (behind John Belushi and Eddie Murphy).  They credited her with "salvaging 'Update' from a decade-long losing streak," and "slapping SNL out of its late-nineties coma."

30 Rock (2006–2013)

In 2002, Fey suggested a pilot episode for a situation comedy about a cable news network to NBC, which rejected it. The pilot was reworked to revolve around an SNL style series, and was accepted by NBC. She signed a contract with NBC in May 2003, whichin theaters on April 17, 2015. She then re-teamed with Poehler, starring in the 2015 comedy film Sisters as the title characters, and received positive reviews for her role. In 2016, Fey starred in the biographical war comedy-drama Whiskey Tango Foxtrot, based on the memoir The Taliban Shuffle: Strange Days in Afghanistan and Pakistan, to mixed reviews, with some criticizing the whitewashing of characters of color in the film. Fey dedicated the film to her late father, Don Fey, a veteran, writer, university administrator, and firefighter.

Fey had a supporting role in the comedy film Wine Country, longtime collaborator Amy Poehler's directorial debut, which was released on Netflix in 2019.

In August 2019, it was announced that Fey would voice the co-lead role in the Pixar fantasy comedy adventure film


the Russian investigation team that came to Korea from May 31 to June 7 to conduct its own investigation into the sinking of the Cheonan concluded that the sinking resulted from an "indirect outside underwater explosion," but that the blast was more likely from a mine than a torpedo.

In particular, the Russian team raised doubts about the time of the explosion reported by South Korea's joint civilian-military investigation team, which announced that the blast to the Cheonan came from a North Korean torpedo attack at 9:21:58 p.m. on March 26. The Russian team's conclusion was based on factors such as the last time indicated on the Cheonan's closed circuit television footage, which was 9:17:03 p.m. on the night in question.

On Monday, the Hankyoreh acquired a document titled "Datafrom the Russian Naval Expert Group's Investigation into the Cause of the South Korean Naval Vessel Cheonan's Sinking," in which the Russian team stated, "The explosion time officially stated by South Korea [9:21:58 p.m.] does not coincide with the time of the last video footage taken on the day in question when the power current was cut off within the vessel [9:17:03 p.m.]." This statement hints that an uncontrollable situation may have arisen at least four to five minutes before the time announced by the South Korean team.

The Russian team also said that a sailor on board the Cheonan made a cell phone call at 9:12:03 p.m. notifying a Naval signalman that crew members were injured. "The record of this first communication does not accord with what was


Korean team as "conclusive evidence" of North Korean responsibility for the sinking. "While the torpedo fragment may have been made in North Korea, the characters written in ink do not conform to general standards" in terms of location and lettering, the Russian team said. The Russian team went to say, "Based on a naked-eye analysis of the torpedo fragment presented, one could believe that the fragment had been underwater for six months or more." Previously, the South Korean team announced that a naked-eye analysis of the degree of corrosion indicated that the torpedo debris had been underwater for around one to two months.

Regarding damage to the Cheonan's propeller screws, the Russian team wrote, "Since before the time of the disaster in question, all five of the right-side screwwings and two of the screw wings on the left had been damaged due to contact with the ocean floor." In short, the Russian team held that the screws became broken or bent due to contact with the ocean floor, which varies considerably from the official announcement by the South Korean team.

On its conclusions regarding the cause of the sinking, the Russian team wrote, "The claims that it was a non-contact external underwater explosion were borne out." At the same time, it conjectured that the accident occurred when "the vessel's propeller happened to get caught in a net as it was sailing through shallow waters near the coast, and as the vessel was trying to extricate itself to deep waters, its lower part struck a [mine] antenna and


Posts Tagged ‘pure skateboarding’

In the 1950′s, the psychologist Solomon Elliot Asch conducted an important experiment on social conformity. The grassroots hypothesis was that individuals of the same group are easily influenced by the opinions and the perceptions of other members of the group. The experiment was carried out as follows:a group of participants were shown a series of sheets. On the first sheet was drawn a black line. On the second sheet were drawn three black lines of varying lengths. The participants were asked in turn to indicate which of the three black lines was of the same length as the black line on the first sheet. The peculiarity of this experiment lay in the fact that of the eight participants, seven were actors who had been toldAt the source of Henry Buchanan's first appearances in this area was his relationship to Shawne Merriman, his nephew, more than any boxing expertise he possessed. The fighter known as “Sugar Poo” appeared limited.

Buchanan changed that with his recent effort at the Playboy Mansion in Beverly Hills. The man can fight.

His super middleweight opponent, Brian “the Assassin” Norman, a Georgia veteran, had only a so-so record, but he was a heavily muscled, strong and willing individual. Buchanan, considerably more fit after following some conditioning practices detailed by Merriman, boxed him nicely, did some telling punching and stopped Norman in the ninth round with a right uppercut-straight right combination that left his opponent draped across a lower strand of the ropes.

“We strive for excellence,” Merriman, the Chargers linebacker, would


struck with sufficient force while he was down to cause a concussion. Lorenzo became the winner by disqualification.

WBC President Jose Sulaiman has declared the bout a no-contest, but the Nevada State Athletic Commission has declined to reverse the decision, which was not announced until Cortez had spent considerable time polling officials at ringside.

Through this period, Lorenzo collapsed onto his back and remained there while the officials were conferring. No one was attending him. Had he been severely hurt, his condition could have worsened. Said Ron Ross, author of “Bummy Davis vs. Murder, Inc.” and other boxing works:

“I consider Cortez to be not only an excellent referee but a fine gentleman. Yes, everyone is entitled to an off-night. I fault the Nevada commission much more than Cortez. Yes, hehad a bad night, but they made it a lot worse.”

'Big Sky' falls

Heavyweight Tye Fields, a former San Diego State basketball player, is known as “Big Sky,” a reference to his Montana origins. Fields had to have thought the sky was falling on him the other night when he was matched against the experienced Monte Barrett.

Barrett took Fields out in 57 seconds of the opening round. In the time he was in there, Fields landed only two punches. “Taps,” television analyst Jim Lampley termed them.

The lesson there was that mere size doesn't make a heavyweight. Fields is 6 feet 8 and weighs 275. He had been 41-1 with 37 KOs before he engaged Barrett, but he was woefully unprepared to box a rival of Barrett's skills.

Hits and misses

Heavyweight


title fights once were quality events. Tell me, are you excited about Wladimir Klitschko's IBF/WBO and IBO defense against Tony Thompson on July 12 in Hamburg, Germany? I am not. . .

They had the wrong Diaz in against Pacquiao. David Diaz of Chicago fought valiantly against the buzz saw from the Philippines, but Julio Diaz of Coachella is a more accomplished lightweight than his namesake. Julio can box better and punch better than the Midwesterner. Julio was sharp in scoring a fifth-round knockout of David Torres at the Playboy Mansion. . .

Hasim Rahman is training in Phoenix for his July 16 match against James “Lights Out” Toney at the Pechanga Resort and Casino and has been pronounced “in excellent shape” by trainer Marshall Kauffman. The fight's appeal isthat the winner must score impressively to remain a heavyweight factor. . .

Rita Rubalcaba of Tijuana, to box Danny Perez of San Diego on Bobby DePhilippis' July 24 program at 4th and B, is a one-time WBA FEDEBOL middleweight champion, whatever that means. Rubalcaba has been in with some good ones, including Sergio Mora, a star of the “Contender” television series. Mora stopped him in six. . . .

Pacquiao's name has come up as a possible foe for Oscar De La Hoya. More likely: for Pacquiao to go against WBA/IBF/WBO lightweight champion Nate Campbell.


and Merrill Lynch before she began learning the etiquette business from her mother-in-law, Elizabeth Post. Elizabeth was married to Emily's grandson, William.

Born in Washington, D.C., Peggy Post began her career as an international flight attendant for Pan American World Airways.

In 1991, she began making public appearances with Elizabeth at bridal shows, speaking engagements and media events.

Four years later she was named her mother-in-law's successor as spokeswoman for the Emily Post Institute, an entity established by Emily Post in 1946 and now maintained by her family to keep her name before the public.

Emily Post's "Etiquette The Blue Book of Social Usage," originally published in 1922, became the definitive guideline for how to properly handle almost every situation.

It's a safe bet, however, that in 1922, there were no sections addressingwhat color bridal gown an expectant mother should wear or how to talk to your date about his or her sexual history.

Those are issues tackled in the updated 75th anniversary guideline for living a well-mannered life in the '90s -- a decade in which Emily Post would have felt right at home.

The divorced mother of two sons, Emily Post had written three novels when she was approached by a book editor about writing an etiquette book.

"She thought it was an absolutely crazy idea," said Peggy Post.

Emily Post, who was 51 at the time, knew all the social graces, having grown up in Manhattan, the daughter of famous architect Bruce Price. Yet she researched the book for a year.

When the 700-page tome was published, it topped the best-seller list.

She


went on to become the foremost authority on etiquette, hosting a radio program and writing a syndicated column that appeared in 150 newspapers across the country.

the time she died in 1960 at the age of 86, she had revised her book nine times.

More than just knowing what fork to use and how to address wedding invitations, "Etiquette," according to Peggy Post, "is a code of behavior based on thoughtfulness and consideration."

Two things almost everyone agrees we've not seen enough of in the past couple of decades.

The busy lifestyles of the two-career family don't leave much time for teaching social graces, Peggy Post said. Add the violence and profanity prevalent in television, music and movies, and she sees an American culture that has reached a crescendo of rudeness.

Now wefollows:

2“Of royal blood!”

Genealogically speaking, with a history of 4700 years in record, the
Fang family was originally an offspring from the Jis or the Jiangs, i.e., of
the same family with the founders of the great Zhou Empire, Jiang Shang, King
Wen, King Wu, and Duke Zhou, etc., further traceable all way up to the
legendary Sage Emperor Fu Xi (Shen Nong) of antiquity.

Fu Xi’s 11th generation grand son
Prince (Jiang) Lei was our Master’s initial ancestor of the whole Fang
family.In a conjoint operation with
Xuan Yuan, Lei defeated Chi You. After victory Lei yielded his right to the
crown to the ally commander Xuan Yuan, known in history as Yellow Emperor. Lei
became his Left Premier and was granted the Fang Mountain Area as his feudaldom
(now in Yuzhou City, Henan Province).Hence he was officially named


after the
Mountain as “Fang Lei”.By marrying his
daughter Lady Lui to Yellow Emperor, he became the royal father-in-law; and Lady
Lui gave birth to Emperor Shao Hao.Their 8th century B.C. descendant Fang Shu served as a great
general during the reign of King Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty.From then onwards down to the Qing Dynasty
(1644-1912) -- except of course the short lived Mongolian Rule of the Yuan
Dynasty (1271-1368) -- the Fang family has produced a galaxy of eminent
personalities in a variety of important roles, commanders, statesmen,
educators, philosophers, poets, poetesses, leading men of letters, artists,
doctors, revolutionaries, space scientists, and computer scientist, etc., with
a culturally glorious heritage hardly to be found elsewhere.The Fangs have marked over 242 entries in the Chinese Who’s Who Dictionary.

Confucius admitted, “I transmit, but do not
create”; whereas the sagesLiqun, and Guo Qian,[3] the Fang family of Tongcheng
proves “culturally the most illustrious in China, next perhaps only to the
family of Confucius.”

Edward Gibbon, the eminent historian of the Roman Empire of 18th century Engand, speaks
highly of Confucius -- the great “paradigmatic individual” with Karl Jaspers :

The
family of Confucius is, in my opinion, the most illustrious in the world.After a painful ascent of eight or ten centuries,
our barons and princes of Europe are lost in
the darkness of the Middle Ages.But in
the vast equality of the empire of China, the posterity of Confucius
has maintained above two thousand two hundred years its peaceful honors and perpetual
succession.The chief of the family is
still revered by the sovereign and the people as the lively image of the wisest
of mankind.[4]

But, there is reason to
believe that,


Nobles

The Fang Mountain of Yuzhou
City, Henan, is
looked upon as a sacred site, a sort of “Mecca,”
for the Fangs the world over.From this
original native place as a center of radiation the Fang family spreads
gradually across all over China
and abroad.The usurping regime of the
“New” Dynasty founded by Wang Mang (45 B.C. to 23) terminated the Western Han
Dynasty (206 B.C. – 8), providing a catalyst for the drastic immigration of the
Fang family from Central China towards the
South.In an effort to escape from any
possible political disasters involved, Mayor Fang Hong of Danyang, Jiangsu (now
only 134 miles west of Shanghai) managed successfully to move his family clan
from Henan to Dongxiang (Eastern County) of Xixian, Anhui (now Chunan,
Zhejiang). Thus he is revered as the common ancestor for all the Fangs in Southeastern China.We learnalso that from the Han to the Song Dynasty the Fang family was
so prosperous that it had produced 31 nobles above the rank of count and marquis,
well deserving the laudatory tribute of Premier Wen Tianxiang as cited above.

5.The Guilin Fang

The Saga of the Guilin Fang clan begins with Fang
Deyi, of whom little is known except that his forefathers moved from Guangxin
(near Shangrao), Jiangxi
to Xiuning, Anhui; from there, in the late Song Dynasty,
he moved again to Chikou and finally settled in Zongyang, Tongcheng. In the
Yuan Dynasty his first son Fang Xiushi served as Chief Secretary to the Mayor
of Zhangde, Henan;
his first grandson Fang Qian, as Patrolling Officer at Wangting, Jiangsu;
and his first great grandson Fang Yuan, as Pacification Emissary for
Government. He was such a generous, gracious, far-sighted charitable person
that


in 1314 he volunteered to donate half of his land property for widening
the main street in front of the Confucius Temple in town, followed by building
the Auspicious Bridge nearby.With such
charitable acts and community service and contribution, Fang Deyi (Virtue-Beneficence)
has been looked up as a paradigm of genteel squire teaching by deed and
atmosphere and thus laid down the corner-stone of urban design:“Respect teachers and care for education” and
“Stress on propriety as a matter of cultural refinement.” There is little
wonder that in such a milieu and climate, gradually, Tongcheng has become “the
Capital of Culture” in the learned minds of China ever since. Though,
throughout his life time, neither powerful nor illustrious in the ordinary
sense, he scintillates in history beaming with the edificatory lustre of a paradigm.

The next paradigmatic personality of hisclan is Fang Fa (1368-1404) of
the 5th generation.As a
“Juren” (middle candidate for official service) picked by Fang Xiaoru, a native
of Haining, Zhejiang, he was classified under the
category of students; hence the latter’s 10th family
affiliation.The victorious rebelling
Prince Yan of Beijing
(later Emperor Cheng of the Ming Dynasty) ordered Fang Xiaoru to draw the
Imperial Edict of Enthronement for the
new
regime, which he flatly rejected, writing instead “Rebellious Prince Yan
usurped the throne by force.”870 of his
family members being executed before his eyes, and tens of thousands involved,
he himself was chopped in two by the waist.At the time Fang Fa was serving as a 6th grade Chief at the
Military Court, Sichuan Garrison Command.He refused to endorse to the legitimacy of the new
regime by signing up the Congratulation Memorandum.He was arrested for trial at Nanking


but he committed suicide by drowning himself in
the WangRiver when the carrier approached
Anqing, near Tongchedng.He cut himself
quite a figure in Chinese history not for power and position, nor for merits
and deeds, but for great moral courage.Heroically he died a martyr, a character of principle and
integrity.He was truly the first member
of the Great Fang Family to enter upon the stage of history in recent China. He set
up a monumental exemplar with enormous paradigmatic influence upon the younger
generations, e.g., his 9th generation descendants Fang Yizhi who, in
the final moment of existential decision, “To be? or not to be?” found in him a
model to follow.

Fang Mao (1390-1440) of the 6th
generation is relevant for the present account in that his five sons all proved
so well bred and brilliant that they were called“the Five Dragons of the Fang Family.”
His third son Fang You
(1418-1483), our philosopher’s 7th generation ancestor, was the
first one to win the highest honor as “Jinshi,” advanced candidate for official
service, and was made Imperial Censor as Inspector General for several
provinces, such as the North and South Huai River Areas, the
Sichuan and Guangxi Provinces, etc.A character of principle and integrity too,
one who put justice above power and authority, he was fearless to offend the
powerful eunuch clique, the source of corruption of the time, and was “caned”
thirty strokes, demoted to the lower rank as Mayor of Youxian, Hunan and
Guilin, Guangxiwhere he served for only eight
months before retirement. Following his obituary service he was
accorded the distinction and honor as Member of the County’s Memorial Hall of
the Worthies. He was hailed as


bred up in the country side with his first
elder brother Fang Daohuai working on the land as a farmer and his second, Fang
Yihuai (Fang Chen), as a school teacher, who finally became the Principal of
the most famous Tongcheng Middle School founded by Wu Rulun, the great educator
of late 19th century China, and promoted to the rank of Director,
Municipal Bureau of Education.Master
Fang is a remarkable exemplification of those who are not “born great’; nor
have “greatness thrust upon’em”; but have “achieved greatness” by their own
genius and efforts at deliberate pursuit of excellence in spite of the most
unfavorable environments. In certain aspects he may be regarded atypical of the
Guilin Fang heritage from the Ming down to the Qing Dynasty, according to a
young scholar in History and the Humanities of his nativepermeated, to a certain degree, with quixotism, …”[7]

-- Lilliam J. Fang, “Thomé and Books”

1.Atypical
of the Guilin
Fang?

To the famous truism “Behind each great man there
is always a great woman” Master Fang is no exception. These few line cited
above were drawn by his widowed wife.He
has no better portrait painter.Mrs.
Lilliam K. Fang, the late Professor of Foreign Languages and Literature Department,
National Taiwan University, was graduated from the same prestigious Zhongxi
(Chinese-Western) Women’s School, Shanghai -- the Welesley of China – as Madame
Sun Yat-sen and Madame Chiang Kai-shek, the two internationally best known of
Chinese lady celebrities in the West.At
Zhongxi she was a classmate with Yu Dacai, later Madame Fu Sinian, President of
National Taiwan University.

Mrs. Fang’s testimony, as will be seen shortly,
sheds much light onour understanding Master
Fang the man, for whom Simplicity is Beauty;


Innocence makes Greatness.He had spent fourteen years of his early life
in the country side, as a peasant kid.Such peasantry virtues as highlighted by Mrs. Fang are the essential features
of him. And if we bear in mind his relatively obscure background, in comparison
and contrast with his relatives of the other illustrious family branches, admittedly
we must admire him all the more for the astonishing achievements he has
created.He has brought the Tongcheng
School of Philosophy, a part of his family legacy, to a greater height and
newer frontier with profound significance for the world philosophy to come,
than any of his forefathers ever could.Just consider by yourself: How much has he created out of how little!

2.
A Wonder Child

As is customary, Master Fang had a long train of
names: genealogical name, Fang Dehuai; original name, FangXun (meaning thereby
“Beautiful Jade produced of the East”); personal name, Dongmei, hence “Thomé.”

Thomé H. Fang was born the third son of Mr. Fang
Jianzhou (Honorary Advanced Candidate for Official Service)[8] and Lady Yang on February
9, 1899 (Lunar Calendar), at the Dali Estate, Yangshuwan (Poplar Gulf) -- now
Shuangxing Village, Yijin Town – Zongyang, Tongcheng, Anhui, China, where the
offsprings of his eldest brother Fang Daohuai, a respectable farmer in his life
time, still live today.

His father passed away when he was only two; his
mother, when he was four. He had two elder brothers before him, Fang Daohuai,
the farmer, and Fang Yihuai (Fang Chen), the country scholar; and two elder
sisters, both of whom died in their youth.He was nourished up by his two “big brothers” who acted in the capacity
of parents and guardians


with loving care. Especially important for his early growth and
development was the second elder brother Fang Chen, a gifted writer, poet, and
educator, who became the future Principal of the TongchengMiddle School
and Director for Municipal Bureau of Education in town.

As noticed above, Master Fang was of the 23th
generation of the Great Fang (later known as the Gulin Fang) clan with a
history above 4700 years of glamour and distinction traceable to the ancient
Emperor Fu Xi, Yellow Emperor, and Emperor Shao Hao, etc.
From the Zhou (1122 B.C.) to the Song Dynasty (960 A.D.), the Fang family has
produced a long list of prominent figures in history of China, including kings,
dukes, marquis, counts, premiers, lieutenants, ministers, and a variety of
talents -- artists, poets, men of letters, hermits and recluses, etc.Even in the lastage of three; and
had mastered the Thirteen Classics at
the age of twelve.He lost his father
Mr. Fang Jiangzhou (1846-1901) at the age of two, and his mother Lady Yang
(1850-1903), at the age of four.His
first elder brother Fang Daohuai (1872-?) worked hard on the land, as the main
earner of bread for the house; but was soon adopted as heir to their grand
uncle Fang Enpu, therefore considered as “no longer affiliated to the same
house.” The care of his early education was entrusted to his second brother
Fang Chen (Yihuai, 1878-1945) who succeeded Daohuai as the family-head.

Fortunately,
Fang Chen himself was an excellent classical Chinese scholar, a gifted poet,
writer, calligrapher, and a good friend with Yan Fu (1854-1921), President of
University of Beijing, a vigorous champion for the TongchengSchool
in classical Chinese literature, as well as


the famous translator of Thomas H.
Huxley and John Stuart Mill for the learned community of. late 19th
century China.A well reputed educator throughout Anhui, Fang Chen was twice appointed
Schoolmaster of the TongchengMiddle School, and
finally promoted to the rank of Director of Municipal Education.Above all, he was the
first one to perceive the wonder child quality in his youngest brother at the
age of three, whom from among his able students he picked one to tutor at home.

4. Cosmic
Dignity of the Teacher

In line with the custom, a “school opening
ceremony” was held -- at their house.They had all to pay their tribute properly to Confucius by “kowtow,”
that is, by bowing to the Sage image with all themselves on their kneels. Then
it was the turn for the family-head to do the same to thenewly appointed
teacher – a symbol for Confucius as “the teacher of all ages!”As family-head, Fang Chen kowtowed to his
former pupil, a kindergarten level teacher!In the cultural tradition of China, the teacher is treated on
par with “heaven, earth, ruler, and parents.” This early experience was so
deeply imprinted on the tender mind of our philosopher that it had left a
permanent deposit in his own thought for

the rest of his
life.There is reason to believe that it
is of decisive importance for his career planning:In his old age he told the class how this was
precisely the same way for the Imperial Minister of Education of the Qing
Empire to approach the Appointee of Presidency, Imperial University of Beijing
-- Mr. Wu Rulun.

5. Emperor
and Schoolmaster

Before
accepting this most honorable offer in the academics, Mr. Wu Rulun made


a well
planned trip to visit Japan
with the sole purpose in mind: to study the recent Japanese educational reform
as what made possible the Meiji Reformation.Hearing of his arrival, the Meiji Emperor of Japan made an exception of
the protocol by granting Mr. Wu a formal interview at the RoyalPalace
despite his non-official status. A visitor on educational reform as the basis
of national reform was not an ordinary visitor, as more important than the
official special envoys and ambassadors.Japan
the host knew it; Wu the guest knew it.After three
months, Wu returned to China
only to witness the Qing Empire tottering.Realizing that there was not much he could do about the whole situation,
directly he went home to establish for experimentation the TongchengMiddle School
in his native town, to be followed by a higher institution in project for
Anqin,capital of Anhui.Not only a prominent figure of the last
generation of the Tongcheng School in Literature founded by Fang Bao, Wu served
as one of the ablest staffs with General Zeng Guofan who had successfully put
down the Taipin Revolt.With such a rare combination as background,
Wu proved at once a far-sighted educator and able administrator.In his beautiful calligraphy he wrote down
his aim of education as an inscription at the main entrance to the school he
founded:

“One
hundred years or decades hence forth, various types of great talents will
emerge and flourish in the world; they are all found growing right here on this
campus as their embryonic phase, as it were; we aim at the merging and synthesis
of the essentials of learning the world over East and West by way of
cultivation and discipline.”

The point


is: How many university
presidents in the world, even by now, have his vision and insight?Yet this is the school our philosopher
attended and graduated from in 1916, and of which his elder brother Fang Chen
became the Principal in 1930!Both
Master Fang and his best schoolmate Zhu Guangqian (an authority on aesthetics
in contemporary China)
represent the best products of the great educator: Wu Rulen.

To
sum up the distinctive features of our philosopher’s early education: In his
tender age, he lived on the farm in the country side, deeply immersed in the
studies of Chinese classics, as was typical of the traditional Confucian
family.During his most formative period
he had been “nourished” in one of the best high schools in the world.In addition, he had enjoyed the special advantage
of being educated at several modern leading universities both athome and
abroad -- an advantage which none of his illustrious forefathers had ever
enjoyed, or dreamed of.

6.University
Days and Activities

(a)Angry
Beauty Fang

Never had he left the Dali Estate for the TongchengMiddle School until he was fourteen
(1913).Never had he left Tongcheng for Nanking the capital city until he was eighteen (1917)
when he was admitted to the JinlinUniversity there, a most
advanced Christian missionary institution in China.An entirely new college life, colorful,
many-sided, stimulating, and challenging in various ways was awaiting him.He was so serious-looking that he got
nicknamed “Fang Numei” (Angry-Beauty Fang) instead of his school name Fang
Dongmei (East-Beauty Fang).A lot of
anecdotes centering around this Angry-Beauty Fang were spread and retold down
to the present day.For examples:

(b)AnExtremely Absurd Recommendation!

So
remarkably had he distinguished himself in the entrance examination that he was
officially waived from taking the three year


course in Chinese literature.Dr. Liu Boming, Dean of Studies, a graduate
from NorthwesternUniversity, Evanston, IL., was
leaving Jinling to take the Vice Presidency at SoutheasternUniversity.
At a farewell interview with the President he strongly recommended, saying, “In
the future, if you want to hire any new faculties for Chinese literature, be
sure to check with two young men in the field: Fang Dongmei and Huang
Zhongsu.”After half a century, in
retrospect, the old philosopher recollected with a bashful smile: “It was an
extremely absurd recommendation!” But at the moment it was only smiled away as
a joking exaggeration.

Before long all this was perfectly
confirmed in the classroom performance.It so happened that our young philosopher’s superior knowledge in
classic Chinese literature surpassed that of the instructor teaching The Book of Odes; and his excellent
command of the English overshadowed that ofthe British educated Dr. Wang, Dean
of the Students, by correcting the latter’s misinterpretation of the textbook
meaning in Philosophy ofReligion.And, above all, he was found openly critical
of the school administration and the educational policy of missionary institutions
in China,
etc.

(b)Designated for Dismissal

Brilliant,
yet non-conformist at school, Master Fang was so dissatisfied with the some
part of the educational policy of the University that he was outspoken in
criticism -- which really irritated the conservative missionary authorities.Consequently, a case was brought against him
in the faculty meeting and he was designated for dismissal or honorable
withdrawal from the school.For he was
caught right on the spot as reading some Chinese romantic novels instead of The Holy Bible during the Sunday ceremony
at the campus chapel.Present at the
meeting was Dr. Clarence H. Hamilton, who protested by proposing an alternative,
that the


whole University be closed rather than have such a brilliant young man
dismissed for such a minor breach of the school rules. For, without a sound
university educational policy, he argued, the University itself had lost all
its raison d'être!The case immediately caught the attention of
University President, Dr. Baldwin, who arranged an interview with this young
man, asking why he was always opposed to the University authorities.“My critical reaction is not meant to oppose
any one; rather it is for the sake of the University and its sound development
for the future.” Our young philosopher went on more specifically: “For examples,
(1) For due respect of the Chinese cultural tradition the University should approach
and appoint, with proper courtesy, the best qualified, the first rate scholars
to cover the courses concerned, rather than hiring the shams; (2)Since the
1912 Revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen China has arisen from its status of
sub-colony, the University should respect her educational sovereignty by
registering with the Ministry of Education; otherwise the graduates’ diploma
would not be recognized by the government, thus affecting the future of our
alumni to no small extent.” President Baldwin listened through his
presentation, so impressed with his ability and audacity, his judgment and
insight, that instead of having him dismissed, he accepted his criticism and,
after due consideration; put into practice his suggestions.At that moment he came to the decision to
recommend him for advanced studies in the United States upon graduation. .So
our philosopher went straight ahead to study in the United States, first at University of Wisconsin at Madison, then at OhioStateUniversity at Columbus, Ohio,
and finally back again to Wisconsin.His


three years stay in the United States
(1921-24) had laid down a solid foundation for his training in Western
philosophy and culture.Forty years
later, in the early 60s, when he was invited by US State Department to visit 37
American universities in a lecture tour, he did not forget to pay a visit to
his former mentor, Dr. Clarence H. Hamilton, then nearing 90, living in
retirement at home in Oberlin, OH.

(c)What
a Karma: Christian and Buddhist!

Dr.
Clarence H. Hamilton was an open-minded missionary educator in early 20th
century China;
he liked and was liked by the students he taught.Soon after he came to the rescue of our philosopher
at the faculty meeting, in one of his constitutional afternoon walks he came
across a young student of the lass he taught sitting alone at the corner of the
play ground onit that I, myself a Christian, came to be so much engaged in
the study of Buddhism?” Before the student same up with an answer, “All because
of the trouble making class of yours!...”

(d)An
Independent Thinker in the Youth

As we have learned further from his
lectures on Chinese Mahāyanā
Buddhism and Philosophy of the Hua
Yan Sect, it was during his undergraduate days that Master Fang had already
got acquainted with Buddhism.Within the
same capital city was situated the China Academy of Buddhist Studies,
Nanking;It was founded by Layman Yang
Renshan and further developed by Master Ouyan Jingwu, a charismatic figure for
the Buddhist renaissance (especially of the Yogācāra or
Vijñānā-Mātratā School) in modern China after one thousand
years of decline beginning with the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

In spite of his youth Master Fang
displayed very early his critical acumen as a brilliant


Invasion
he had made intensive studies of the Buddhist Sūtras, especially of the
Consciousness-Only Sect and the Hua Yan Sect (Avatamsaka) at a nearby temple in
Chongqing, the
wartime capital of China.He must have studied Buddhism for 40 to 50
years before eventually he agreed to open his mouth to lecture on it, first at
the NationalTaiwanUniversity
(1966-73), and then at the Fu Jen Catholic university (1973-76).

(e). A
Brilliant Activist Student Leader

While at JinlingUniversity,
far from being a merely contemplative mind dwelling in the “ivory tower,”
Master Fang was deeply concerned with and actively involved in the current
affairs of the world.With excellent leadership, he was elected
President for the Students Self-Government; he was the founding
President of the Chinese Philosophical Society of the students body.During the May 4th Movement in
1919, concurrently as President of the Students Self-Government and
Editor-in-Chief for TheLight of Jinling,
he played the key role for initiating and organizing the patriotic student
movements in Nanking and Shanghai that were soon to spread across all of the
Southeastern provinces of China so as to spell a new shock for the young China
throughout.

(7)
The YCS and the May 4th
Movement

As world historians will recognize, the
year 1919 had witnessed two historic events occurring in Beijing with global significance not only for
China
but for the whole world: the outbreak of the May 4th Student
Movement and the founding of the Young China Society (YCS).For the development of both, despite his
youth and location in the South, Master Fang had played an indispensably
significant role echoing the infuriated student leaders in Beijing.The JinlingUniversity campus became
the Headquarter in support of the spread of the May 4th Movement
nation-wide.

Ironically, the
YCS was officially


established on July 1, 1919, in Beijing,
two months after the outburst of the May 4th, yet, but for the
former, the latter would never have outburst the way it had.

The reason is
not far to find:In May 1918 a total of
2,500 students returned from Japan in protest of the secret agreement the
corrupt Beijing Government secretly signed with the Japanese authorities.The three student leaders Zeng Qi, Zhang Mengjiu,
and Lei Baohua (Meisheng), all bossom friends while studying in Japan, gathered
together in Beijing
for a wayout.At this juncture they were
visited by Wang Guangqi, a student of law at China University, aged
twenty-five, a native of the same Sichuan Province, temperamentally a poet and
musician, high-minded and pure hearted, no less deeply concerned with “Whither
China?” than they were.

After several
days of discussion, they met again on June 30,1918, at the Mountain Clouds (Yueyun) Villa, Beijing, concurring on
the founding of a Young China Society modeling after the Young Italy and the
Young Turkey of 19th century Europe,
with the view to reconstructing the Old China into a Young one.Thus the six initial founding members were:
Zeng Qi, Wang Guangqi, Zhou Taixuan, Chen Yusheng, Zhang Mengjiu, Lei Baoqing;
they soon invited Li Dazhao, Director of Library, University of Beijing, to
join as the seventh one.Wang Guangqi
was elected as Executive Director and concurrently Comptroller for the planned
organization -- a capacity he had held until his leaving for studies in Europe in 1920.Li
Dazhao’s joining was of particular importance, as responsible for developing
within less than two years the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as an offspring
from the YCS which, by nature was non-political.Though executed in 1927


as a heroic martyr,
he was revered as “the Father of the CCP” – atitle he well deserved.

On July 1,
1918, the Preparative Committee for the YCS was formed in Beijing; and in February
1919, three months before the May 4th, Wang Guangqi and Chen
Yusheng, as urged by Zeng Qi, came down to Nanking for meeting with Zuo Shunsehng
and Huang Zhongsu.At Huang’s house,
Master Fang and Zhao Shuyu were formally presented to Wang.As a result, all this fine young group were
invited to join as Founding Members for the YCS Nanking Chapter; and our philosopher,
with his well reputed intellectual and literary brilliance, was at once
appointed Editor-in-Chief for The Young
World¸ a twin publication with The
Young China edited by Wang, Li, and Kang Baiqing (a poet writer) in
Beijing.

This meeting
was of vital importance for the landslidesuccess of the May 4th
Movement in China:a success owing to
the key roles played by the elite group of the YCS members such as Li Da Zhao
and Deng Zhongxia in the North and Thomé H. Fang and Zuo Shunsheng in the
South.

After the May 4th,
the YCS was officially founded on July 1, 1919, in Beijing.Master Fang joined it in November the same
year in Nanking. In January the following year
1920, Mao Zedong joined it in Beijing.
In April Mao came down to visit the Nanking Chapter and there he first met
Thomé H. Fang, the student leader in the South.Mao’s joining the YCS was no less significant than Li’s, historically
considered.But that is another story.

(a) The
Young China:
A Great Expectation!

Up
to the late 20s of the last century, since the fall of the Qing (Manchuian)
Empire in


1977, as the perfect model member of the YCS – a twin star with Wang
Guangqi the founder; for “both had committed to the founding aims and
principles of the Society and had put into practice by deeds unswervingly all
the four Joint Pledges as the lifestyle of beauty and good in one in resonance
with the Spinozistic ideal of “simple living and noble thinking!”

(d)Like Challenge, like Response

As noticed
above, the founding of the YCS was triggered by the students protest against
the secret deals going on between the corrupt Beijing Government and Japan;
similarly, the outbreak of the May 4th Movement, by the students
protest against the unjust resolution of the Versailles Conference.For its immediate cause we need only refer to
the World War I (1914-1918) as the background.Despite the fact that China had declared waragainst Germany by
providing 200,000 labors to work for the Allies, yet at the Versailles
Conference on April 30, 1919, the Western Powers (David Lloyd George for
Britain, Georges Clemenceu for France, and President Woodrow Wilson for the
U.S.) unanimously agreed to transfer all Germany’s Shangdong Rights to Japan![12]This really triggered the May 4th
Movement in Beijing.
All Chinese youths were
infuriated, crying out: “Get rid of traitors within! Fight for sovereignty
without!” They set afire the house of Cao Rulin, Minister of Communications,
and got Zhang Zongxiang, Chinese Envoy to Japan, beaten to unconsciousness; in Shanghai 60.000 workers
went on strike; in one month (June) a nationwide Student Union was formed in
thirty localities all over China.Even seven years later, as a remote echo, the
strike in Hong Kong in 1926 continued for 16 months in protest against the
British


May 30th massacre in Shamen (killing 52 unarmed Chinese and wounding
over 100), backed up by the boycott of British goods.

The eminent British philosopher
Bertrand Russell, who had lectured at University of Beijing
in 1920-21, condemned his own compatriots for their stupidity and savages:

I wrote a fierce denunciation of
these outrages, which was published first in England and then throughout China.An American missionary in China.… (later) told me that the indignation in China had been
such as to endanger the lives of all Englishmen living in that country.…He
said that the English in China
owed their preservation to me, since I had caused the infuriated Chinese to
conclude that not all Englishmen are vile.[13]

Once
awakened from such bitter experiences of frustration and tribulation,
understandably, China
was never to remain the same as she was before.Obviously, she was at thecrossroad:“Whither, China?”From what was purely a student patriotic
movement, the May 4th developed into a new literary revolution
followed by what is known as the “New Cultural Movement” headed by Chen Duxiu
and Hu Shi, University
of Beijing.At this juncture -- on the eve of the May 4th
-- arrived the great American philosopher John Dewey, Hu Shi’s mentor, who was
so deeply impressed with what he had seen with his own eyes in eleven provinces
of China
that he openly admitted that he loved China next to his own.

(8)
“Welcome,
Dr. John Dewey!”

During his sabbatical leave 1918-1919 at Columbia University, New York,
the great American philosopher John Dewey had planned to visit and lecture in Japan; not in China.As with Brand Blanshard, the late Chairman of
Philosophy at Yale, “The only right thing I have done in my life


was by
accident.”[14]While in Japan, Dewey was visited by his
former students from China,
who happened to be there on official trip, including Chancellor Jiang Mengling,
University of Beijing.Jiang invited Dewey to lecture in China for one year under the joint
sponsorship of several newly formed Chinese societies in Shanghai and Beijing. Dewey accepted the invitation and
arrived directly from Japan to Shanghai on April 30 just in time, as it were,
on the eve of the May 4th Students Movement – a movement that had
changed the history China for good and, as a result, that of the world as
well.To put in the Dewey language, the
experience of his visit to China
best exemplified his metaphysical principle of interaction. In the words of his
daughter, Miss Jane M. Dewey:

Whatever the influence of Dewey upon China, his stay
there hada deep and enduring influence upon him.He left feeling affection and admiration not
only for the scholars with whom he had been intimately associated but the
Chinese people as a whole.China remains
the country nearest his heart after his own.[15]

He was struck both with the tremendous multiple
impact of the May 4th phenomena and the moral courage and great
self-esteem of the Chinese youths: From Chancellor Jiang he came to learn how
the student leaders refused to leave the prison until the government gave them
an official apology!Little wonder there
was that “he left feeling affection and admiration.”He must have heard of the YCS and its
connection with the May 4thMovement.Therefore, when he was in Nanking in the
Spring of 1920, obviously before his scheduled departure for the U.S.A., he
expressed, through his competent interpreter and guide Mr. Zha


Xiaoxian, that
he wished to visit the YCS Nanking Chapter, saying, “I wish to have an
opportunity to talk face to face with the young people of YCS in Nanking,
because I very much wish to understand more about the Society in regard to its
aims, plans, and causes.” Mr. Zha passed the message across to the host
party.It was at once warmly
responded.After due preparation a tea
reception was held in Dewey’s honor at the Cang Yuan (Dark Green Garden) by the
Inner City Bridge.Thomé H. Fang was
elected to deliver in English the Welcome Speech on behalf of the YCS Nanking
Chapter.In response to Dewey’s query
young MasterFang served as the best spokesman for the
Society, expounding its goal sets in a way exuberant with youthful zest and
ardor, as follows:

“The
great causes of the Young China Society can byCCP (the Chinese Communist Party) in June[24]
and, in addition, (11) Fang’s assuming Editorship
with Zuo Shunsheng for The Young China
in March 1921 until his departure for studies abroad in August 1921.

From the above chronicle list one can perceive
how devotedly our philosopher had been engaged for the cause of the creation of
a Young China!He had known by personal
acquaintance all the three party leaders, Duan shuyi for Nationalist Party
(KMT), Zuo Shunsheng for the the YouthParty (YP), and Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, Mao Zedoing for the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP).Like Wang Guanqi,
founder of the YVS, he was one of the few devoted YCS members who had remained
non-political and non-partisan all his life.Moreover, he was unique in maintaining a dual relationship with Mao
Zedong (as a fellow member at the YCS) and Chiang Kai-shek (as


him until many years later, during the war time, in
the 40s, when he had heard high admiration for him through their common friend
Duan Shuyi in Chongqing; at that time Chen was in house arrest in Jiangjin,
Sichuan. As all know, Chen was only a Juren (the middle degree for official
service), running a radical journal New
Youth in Shanghai, whereas he was approached several times earnestly by Cai
Yuanpei,, Chancellor of University of Beijing, who had the advanced degree
Jinshi in the Qing Dynasty.Hen accepted
the offer as Dean of Liberal Arts at the University of Beijing.Though temperamentally a volatile and
passionate person, he was a competent dynamtic journalist, a forthright brave
critic, with a compellingly forcible style.In fact, with the power of news media, he prepared the way for the May 4th
Movement.After the founding ofthe CCP
in 1920 he was made its 1st Secretary-in-General by the
Comintern.He was such a rare
combination of the charismatic revolutionary with the typical Chinese literati
that he dared to refusethe financial
support from Stalin in Moscow; that, when tried at the court house of Shanghai
on charge of conducting the communist activities in Southeastern China, he
refused the service of free defense for him by the illustrious Attorney Zhang
Shizhao, cutting Zhang short with yelling, “Why fool with defending for me? I
am innocent!Joining any political party
is legally permitted by the Civic Code of Laws of the ‘Republic of China!”that,
while imprisoned in Chongqing, he refused both the offer of financial
assistance from the Nationalist Government and Mao’s offer of protection by
taking asylum with the Communist Government in Yanan.He spent his last few years of life
concentrating on


the studies of archaic Chinese philology until he died of
illness in 1942 .In view of all these
factual evidences, Fang gave Chen high credits as an accomplished classic
scholar and a far better improved personality than he used to be when young,
working for the War Lords in Anhui![25]

(b) Li
Dazhao

Again, little was known of Fang’s relationship
with Li Dazhao.Fang seldom visitedBeijing and Li seldom came south. Their
common link in between was Li’s devoted disciple Deng Zhongxia. A mutual
sincere admiration was instantly struck between Fang and Deng as a result of
their first meeting after May 4th, both being fine characters and
noble minds. with deep love for classical Chinese literature. Judging from the
fact that after 1921 Li yielded his Editorship for The Young China to Fang and Zuo, two young man barely passing their
twenties,whose character and talents must have been readily and fully
recognized by Li, the dual founder of the YCS and CPP.

On April 6, 1927, Li was arrested from the
Russian Embassy in Beijing by the Militarist Grand Marshal ZhaNg Zuolin of
Manchuri., father of Zhang Xueliang who kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek on December
22, in 1936.After undergoing severest
torture, Li heroically defended for his case at the court; but was still sentenced
to death by hanging, along with other 80 victims, communists and nationalists
alike, on the dame day of April 28.Li
died a martyr at the age of 38.

As a matter of fact, at the YCS Nanking
Chapter, Zuo Shunsheng, Huang Zhongsu and Thomé H. Fang’s formed a sort of the trivium; their life long friendship
began dramatically as the result of an accident.

It so happened that, once


working as a
tutor for Huang’s sisters at home.

(d) Zuo
Shunsheng.

Thus began the lifelong friendship for the
three of them:Six years Fang’s senior,
Zuo Shunsheng (1893-1969), like Mao Zedong, a native of Hunan; later was to
become one of the key founding members of the Youth Party.Huang was the first of them to join the YCS
in Beijing.He was of such crucial
importance for the Society’s development that he may be aptly described as the
medium of intercommunication: It was through his arrangement that Wang Guangqi
the founder came down to visit the South in July 1918; it was by his
recommendation that both Fang and Zuo joined the YCS as the foundingmembers for the Nanking Chapter. Besides, he
was the one who kept correspondence with Mao more frequently than the rest; he
was the one who managed to paya visit to Wang Guangqi, virtually in
self-exile, studying music in Germany. .He obtained B.A in English literature
from University of Illinois and M.A. in French literature from University of
Paris. After his return in the 30s he had taught at several universities in
China.

Zuo Shunsheng was an excellent scholar in
recent history of China, but rather actively involved in politics. The
controversy over nationalism vs. communism – strikingly represented by Zuo vs.
Deng Zhongxia -- accelerated the split of the Society in 1925 .During the war time, Zuo headed a delegation
of the Senate of National Council in Chongqing to visit the communist area in
Yanan.Mao, now Chairman of the CCP,
held a whole day long individual conversation with Zuo, attempting to re-establish
the YCS.

After 1949 Zuo retreated to Hong Kong where,
assiduously carrying on his historical researches, he


taught part time at the
Qing Hua College and the New Asia College founded by Qian Mu and Tang Junyi,
etc.Whenever he had a chance to come
over to Taiwan attending the conferences, he visited Fang; on the other hand,
whenever Fang traveled abroad via Hong Kong or came to serve as oral examiner
at University of Hong Kong and New Asia College, he never forgot to see Zuo for
reunion.When in 1969 Zuo died in the
Taipei Veterans Hospital, at the age of 76, Fang was at his dying bed -- though
never were they able to exchange a word again!

Fang’s private library with several thousands
of fine books in collection was victimized along with the fall of the capital
(Nanking) to the Japanese rapacity in 1937.After eight years, when he returned in 1945 from Chongqing, hehundred years since his death, “he has been the subject of
more than two hundred thousand books.”[26]As to the question, of how many books will
Mao the ruler of a quarter of mankind become the subject? we better leave it
for the future to answer.

Six years Fang’s senior, Mao Zedong
(1893-1996) was born of a well-to-do peasant family in the valley of Shaoshan,
Xiangtan, Hunan.F
graduated from the First Provincial Normal School, Changsha, Hunan.A highly controversial figure for history as
he surely was, it was already discernible in the Young Mao Zedong that he was a
rebel nature, a critical reader of history, a challenger of conventions, an investigator
of social problems, a talented poet and writer, an ele-mentary school teacher,
a student and labor organizer, and a journalist with revolutionary caliber.
Most crucial for his subsequent development was


the period of 1919-1920.

Around the May 4th Movement
Mao had visited Beijing only twice:the
first time from August 19, 1918 to March 12, 1919; the second time from
December 18, 1919 to April 11, 1920.

On August 19, 1918, Mao arrived in
Beijing and visited Professor Yang Changji at PU, his former teacher at the
Normal School in Changsha, Hunan; (After Yang’s death in 1920 Mao married his
daughter Miss Yang Kaihui).It was
through Yang’s help that, at the end of September, 1918, Mao got
a junior librarian job at PU, approved by Chancellor Cai Yuanpei, for eight
yuans a month – a living wage; he could only afford to share a room with seven
other tenants.Though he spent only six
months in this humble position, his acquaintance with the boss Li Dazhao had
changed his whole life and that ofChina too.

Again, it was through Li that Mao came to know Wang
Guangqi, Deng Zhongxia, and Kang
Baiqing.In January
1920 he joined the YCS.In March he joined the Marxist Research Society
organized by Li.In April he was sent by
Li to Shanghai to see some students off for studies abroad in France. He
stopped by Nanking and first met Thomé H. Fang at the YCS Nanking Chapter. All
these happened in 1919-1920.

We shall, however, focus his relation
with the YCS.For
all his life Mao had joined only two societies: the New People Society, Hunan and the Young
China Society, Beijing.
Understandably, he had more influence on the former as its founder; whereas the
latter had more influence on him as a member, in as much as it had acquainted
him with the most elite group of Chinese youth of his generation.

How


the Communists in Chong-qing, despite his
tight schedule Mao never forgot to invite all the former fellow members at the
YCS (25 of them in total available) to a dinner reception at the Chongqing
Garden Restaurant (Yuyuan), with Zhou Enlai serving as the chief receptionist.
Now, no longer a junior librarian at PU, Mao appeared as the Chairman of CCP
waving his hands to greet the guests, as if he were reviewing his followers.Though there was felt something condescending
about it, what could they do as invited guests at the recepton?A gentle but distinct utterance from the
philosopher Thomé H. Fang, “Hi,
Big Brother Mao!” had at once changed the total atmosphere from suffocating formality
into light-hearted gathering together with exchange of bantering jokes.“When I first came to Nanking
in 1919, I knew nobody there, I kept walingoften found playing the pipe while riding
on the buffalo back.His father, who was
a Juren (a middle candidate for political service), served as a tutor in
Beijing but died when Guaangqi was a very young.Fortunately he taught an able student Zhao
Erxun who later became the Government of Sichuan, asking about his whereabout.Governor Zhao donated to the Sichuan
government a large sum of money as fellowship for the needy and bright
youths.Wang thus got financially
supported to finish his high school in Chengdu (capital), and went to Beijing for college education.

At the wharf of
Wenjiang, awaiting the ship, he met two beautiful young girls accompanied by
their father, Mr. Wu Zhi, who later became well known across the country as
“the old hero who stuck down the Confucius Grocery Store single-handed!”The Old Hero entrusted him with taking


care
of his two young daughters on their way to Beijing.Who knows, this incident had changed Wang’s
life, that of the Young China Society he was to found, and that of the whole
country he aimed to save!

Wang of course took
good care of these two young girls all the way.He entered China University, Beijing, as a law student; they entered
Women’s Normal University. He was in love passionately with the younger sister
Miss Wu; but he was married at home.

He was a student of law and government at China University,
Beijing, by temperament a poet, sensitive, romantic, and noble minded.As an organizer, he was far-sighted in
planning, meticulously careful in deliberation, and firm and resolute in execution.He was admired by all.He ended up as a professor of history of
music at Bonn University, Germany.Li
Dazhao (1889-1927), anative of Leting, Hebei, was a generous character, who
studied political economics at University of Wasada, Japan, and was the
earliest to import Marxism and Communism into China while serving as Director
of Library, and Professor of Economics and History, University of Beijing.Deng was his devoted student and helped him
organize the Marxist Study Group there in 1920.

Introduced
by Deng Zhongxia and Kang Baiqing, co-editor with Li Dazhao for The Young China, Mao Zedong
joined the Young China Society in November, 1920 and, as an adjunct worker for
Li, he joined the Marxist Study Group.In 1921 the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) was established on a boat at
West Lake, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. The rest of the Party story is well known to the
world historians.

What about our philosopher’s relationship with all these happenings?With his literary and intellectual
brilliance, he


was at once recognized by all the founding members: appointed as Editor-in-chief for The Young Worldin 1919; and Editor for The Young China succeeding Li Dazhao.Dedicated to the aims for which the Society
was founded – for “the creation of Young China by engagement in social
activities in accordance with the scientific spirit” – he was outspoken against
the adoption of any forms of “ism” in contradistinction to most of the members
in the north.He joined
theYCS in November, 1919, for love of its cultural and intellectual ideals as
independent of political power strugglesThus, for the rest of his
life, he had remained non-political and non-partisan. Though a key member of
the YCS, editor-in-chief for its two journals, he has joined neither the
Marxist Study Group nor the CCP. At the final fatal split in 1925 between
rightistand leftist wings within the Society -- represented by Deng Zhngxia
and Zuo Shunsheng, respect-tively – he was in a position to serve as pacifier
and reconciler. The Society, however, was doomed for its premature death.

endorsing to the Society’s goalset
for the creation of a Young China by way of social activities on the scientific
spirit and to its guiding principles for lifestyle: Strive, Practice, Perseverance,
and Simplicity.

In November, 19l9, six months after the May 4th
Movement, Master Fang joined it along with a group of brilliant young men of
his age, such as Huang Zhongshu, Zuo Shunsheng (later President of the Chinese
Youth Party).This Young China Society
was founded by Dr. Wang Guangqi (who later became a professor of History of
Music at the University of Bonn, Germany, and died there in 1936). Ironically,
this Young China Society,


composed of 108 (actually more) members drawn from
the flower of Chinese youth in the early 20s, and intended to be a
non-political organization devoted to the cause of China renovation and
modernization by way of social reform rather than political revolution, turned
out to be the meeting ground for all the future leadership of various political
parties that have played decisive roles in the political scene of China ever
since: for instances, Zuo Shunsheng and Lee Huang for the Chinese Youth Party;
Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia and Mao Zedong for the Chinese Communist Party; and
rest for the Democratic SociaIist Party founded by Dr. Carson Chang, and for
the Nationalist Party formed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen; and only a minority for
non-partism.

With his literary brilliance, Master Fang, barely
passing his twenty, was appointed Editor-in-Chief of the two Societyjournals: The Young China and The Young World until 1921 when he set out for the United States
for advanced studies at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Throughout his
life he remained non-political and non-partisan, true to the spirit and ideals
on which the Society was founded. As such he was hailed as its perfect model
member in Memoriam by his fellow member friend Dr. Shen Yi, an expert on
aqueduct engineering, and former Mayor of Nanking.

At this time, sent by Li Dazhao, Mao came down from Beijing on his
way to Shanghai to see some students off who were going to study in France.
Knowing of nobody in Nanking, Mao strolled down on the city wall walks around
the capital for thirty miles in one day.Somehow he heard about Zuo Shusheng of the same


Hunan province --
affiliated with the famous Governor-General Zuo Zongtang.He stopped by the Nanking Chapter for a visit
only to find Zuo out of town working part time as Editor for the China Books
Co., Shanghai.But he was well received
by our young philosopher Thomé H. Fang and Shen Zeming (younger brother of the
novelist Shen Yanbing, pen-named “Mao Dun”) and some others, all of whom
treated him very friendly.

The philosopher remembers

“The YCS was composed of 108 members all
of whom were unique in character, free in thought, abundant in feeling, and
strict in self-discipline in the conduct of life.” “Wang Guangqi the founder
was such a character of lofty mind and pure heart that of all the fellow
members he was the strictest with himself.”Thus, recollected affectionately our philosopher in 1975 on the passing
of Zuo Shensheng, hisbest youthhood friend, in connection with several others
of the Young China Society.He admired
Wang the most; but he liked Deng the best.

(a)Deng
Zhongxia

On May 5th,
1919, the following day of May 4th, Deng Zhongxia as President of
the Stuent Union in Beijing

He first met with Deng
Zhohngxia

In February 1918, with the introduction of
Zuo Shunsheng and Huang Zhongsu, he first met with Wang Guangqi and Deng
Zhongxia who came down from Beijing to develop the Society in the South. He was
immediately made a founding member for its Nanking Chapter and Editor-in Chief
for its new journal The Young World.He joined the Society officially in November
1919, six months after the May 4th.

On May 4th he played the key
role for organizing and initiating the students movement in the South, echoing
Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu in the North.In November


of the same year he joined the YCS along with a group of
other brilliant youths, all his good friends, in Nanking, such as
Huang Zhongsu, Zhao Shuyu, Zuo Shunsheng, Shen Zemin etc.He was at once made Editor-in-Chief for The Young World soon succeeding Li
Dazhao as Editor for The Young China.

What was Master Fang’s role in relation to the rise and
fall of the YCS (1918-1925)?He joined the Society in 1919, one year before Mao, for
love of its cultural and intellectual ideals as independent of political power
struggles.He was outspoken against the adoption of any form of “isms”
citing in his support the well formulated aims for which the Society was
founded and to which he had committed himself: “The Society aims at the
creation of a Young China by engagement to social activities inaccordance with
the scientific spirit.”Thus, for the
rest of his life he had remained non-political and non-partisan. Though a key
member of the Society with editorship for two of its official media, he has
joined neither the Marxist Study Group nor the CCP.At its 1925 final meeting in Shanghai, doomed
to meet the fatal split between rightist and leftist wings within the Society
-- represented by Deng Zhngxia and Zuo Shunsheng, respectively – he was in a
position to serve as pacifier and reconciler. At any rate, however, the Society
was doomed for its premature death.

deeply loved the founding ideals of the
YCS in 1918, and deeply regretted its premature death in 1925.

of
course the olda; he bought them street
while In 1ation committee memberoraleachingre frequentat his residence that Wang Guangqi was
received for his visit to the South; by


his recommend both Fazng and Zuo
werewas of such crucial importance that
particular It was through Huang was . brilliant young men trio at the Turning
who mistook Fang for .In 1917,the Jinling University, with Fang was made by
an accident.the philosophedr becoming was
one of his life time best friends.Their
meting wasby a mistake.

by the voluntary attorneyfor thevolatile a character,the was[for whichof Anhui Province of the same province,
Anhui,, .and Li. retOf the founding members for CCP Chen Duxiu was not It is no exaggeration
to say that the CCP was an offspring of the YCS; for most of its founding
members were The earliest founding members of the CCP were, as a rule, allHe had a profound

Of
all his early contemporary contacts

--’s
secret organization in Beijing the Marxist Research Society(Duan Shuyi, Deng Zhongxia, etc)union of May 5th.in a historical perspective, for instances,
(1) in November 1919, six months after the May 4th, Thomé H. Fang
joined the YCS as a member and with Zuo Shensheng was soon to succeed Li Dazhao
as Editors for The Young China. (2)
Li, with the aide of his devoted student Deng Zhongxia, organized an informal
Marx study group on the campus of University of Beijing and soon developed it
into the Marxist Research Society; (3) Mao Zedong, a junior assistant librarian
working under Li, with the introduction of Wang Guangqi, Kang Baiqing, and Deng
Zhong-xia, etc., first joined the YCS, then the Marx study group, then the
Marxist Research Society, and finally the CCP found in 1920-21;[30]
and (4) Young Master Fang, despite his status as Editor for two of the YCS’
official publication, The Young China
and The Young


World, joined neither
the Marxist research Society nor the CCP.How is one to account for such an apparently atypical phenomenon?We need to take a closer look at the nature
of the YCS and the aims upon which it was originally founded..

[2] The late Professor Liang
Shiqiu was graduated with B. A. in 1923 from the Tsing-hua University, Beijing,
and with M. A in 1925 from Harvard, where he studied with Irving Babitt. After
his return from the U. S. in 1926 he became an active
member of the “New Crescent School” in modern Chinese literature owing to the
impact of the great Indian poet-philosopher Rabindranath Tagore who visited
China in 1924.Liang had devoted himself
to the arduous task of translating into the Chinese language The Complete Works of Shakespeare while
serving as Chairman of English Department and Deanof College of Liberal Arts,
National Taiwan Normal University, until his retirement in 1966.

[3] Cf. Guo Qian, Impacts of Great Culture-Families upon China
in the Last One Hundred Years (Haikou: Hainan: Hainan Press, 2006.)

[6]For the first accurate
geneological account of our subject, we are deeply indebted tothe fruitful research work of Mr. Chen Jing (陈靖):“A study of the Genesis of Thomé H. Fang, the
Great Philosopher of Our Time,” Zongyang
News--Anqing Daily, Supplements
(in the 4th Column), Anqing, Anhui, China, September 22, 2007.

[8] This title, together with an
honorary rank as the 9th grade officer, was customarily granted him
by government in recognition of his second son Fang Chen’s successful
performance in the State Examination as xiucai (elementary candidate for
official service).This part of their
family record was inscribed on a stone monument erected in 1903 in the family
graveyard


The Young China Society
(Shanghai: The Sanlian Books, 2006), pp. 58-59; retranslated back into the
English by Suncrates.The original
version of this “Welcome Speech in honor of Professor John Dewey,” as informed
in 1973 by Master Fang himself, was still in his keeping; he said that he would
look for it in his leisure time; but unfortunately, it was never made
available.This passage, we hope, would
help reconstruct an image of the young Master Fang at the age of 21 – a
cosmopolitan-mindedphilosopher in the
making!

[30] The exact date of its founding varies: The official
version of the CCP put it as June 30, 1921; the Comintern sources put it as
November 1920. “That the Party was founded in 1920, not 1921, is confirmed both
by the official magazine of the Comintern and one of the Moscow emissaries
(Voitinsky) who organizedGold price increases by Rs500

The price of gold increased by Rs500 to Rs67,400 per tola, according to the data compiled by the All Sindh Saraf and Jewellers Association.

On Monday, the precious metal was down and traded at Rs66,900 before surging back again in later in the evening to reach its current level. The last week was also volatile in terms of price movements. The prices compiled by the ASSJA come with a lag of a day after changes in international prices. Pakistani traders adjust gold prices based on price movements in the international market and fluctuation in the dollar rates as well as market forces of demand and supply.

Gold usually goes up when the dollar falls as investors move away from dollar-backed funds to gold and vice versa.

Last


enlightened." "The fraternity who silently control the empire share the belief with the kings, pharaohs and emperors of old that the sphinx was a door to another dimension a gateway to immeasurable power." "It's made up of four parts:" "The foot of a lion, the tail of an ox the wings of an eagle, and the head of a man." "In Sir Thomas's secret chamber, I found the bone of an ox the tooth of a lion, the feather of an eagle and hair of a man." "Map." "The points of the star represent the five murdered girls but the cross is what we're now interested in." "It's a widely held belief that within the architecture of the great cities are coded references to this system." "Since heBudeasa

Budeasa is a commune in Argeș County, in southern central Romania. It is composed of six villages: Budeasa Mare (the commune centre), Budeasa Mică, Calotești, Gălășești, Rogojina and Valea Mărului.

Famous natives and citizens of Budeasa
 :ro:Alexandru Mirodan (1927–2010), Romanian writer
 :ro:Nicu Vladimir (1950–1995), Romanian Singer (Drumuri de roua)

References

Category:Communes in Argeș County


Human impacts on groundwater flow and contamination deduced by multiple isotopes in Seoul City, South Korea.
The influence of human activities on the flow system and contamination of groundwater were investigated in Seoul City, South Korea, one of the largest Asian cities, using a combination of isotopes (deltaD, T, delta15N, delta18O, delta34S, and 87Sr/86Sr). Eighteen representative groundwater and river water samples, which were collected over a wide area of the city, were compared with previously reported data. The distribution of stable isotopes (deltaD and delta18O) with groundwater potential data shows that recharged groundwater from either the surrounding mountainous area as well as the Han River and other surface streams discharged towards the northern-central part of the city, where a subway tunnel pumping station is located. It is suggested fromyear, because of the success of the show is, because of the success of the show, people will come out just for the publicity.”

But there are cases of business owners turning down the opportunity to appear on the show, namely Kristy Hadeka and Sean Tice of Brooklyn Slate, a New York-based cheese company who didn't feel giving up part of their company or the profits was worth appearing on TV with their product.

With Brooklyn Slate's story in mind the question then becomes: how many other legitimate companies, with great ideas, decided to turn down the show for the same reasons?

That question might have been relevant a week ago. ABC's ultimatum, however, exists no more after Mark Cuban gave the show one of his own: get rid of the


"Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Biological Sciences: Ecology and Environmental Science."; Thesis advisor: Barbara Nicholson.; M.A.,Central Connecticut State University,,2014.; Includes...

Rural, untouched land is being threatened by construction of subdivisions and retail buildings to support the growing population and continuing urban and suburban sprawl. Natural resources and the environment are drastically changing, and are in...

This project focused on designing an individualized plan of instruction in mathematics. The participants in this project were adult incarcerated males between 18 and 52 years of age. These men were enrolled in an Adult Basic Education program...

Dragonfly and damselfly (Odonata) species are known to vary in abundance due to location. These variations are hypothesized to result from habitat differences in plant species available forNorth Central Missouri College

North Central Missouri College (formerly Trenton Junior College) is a public community college in Trenton, Missouri. Founded in 1925, the campus has grown to include nine buildings used as instruction facilities, a tutoring center, a community center, a student center, a career center, an art gallery, two residence halls, and a technology center.

In 2011 NCMC opened the Barton Farm Campus just south of Trenton. The campus includes three classroom buildings: the Lager Laboratory of Plant & Energy Science, the Metcalf Mechanical Resource Center and Kuttler Animal Science building. The farm campus encompasses 138 acres of farm ground given to the College by the Barton family. A wind turbine, two acre pond and numerous test plots are located on the farm campus to support learning.

NCMC


drug typically taken through other routes;

mixing two solutions for instilling into the ear.

View a compounding brochurethat was developed by the Animal Health Institute, the American Veterinary Distributors Association, and the AVMA.

Q: How is compounding regulated?A: It's regulated by both the federal government (Food and Drug Administration/FDA) and state governments. At the federal level, the FDA regulates compounding for animal patients as a subpart of its Extralabel Drug Use (ELDU) Rules. FDA also has a Compliance Policy Guide (CPG)which describes more about how it regulates compounding for animals and what activities it defers to the state. The FDA says it generally defers day-to-day regulation of compounding by veterinarians and pharmacists to state authorities. The state boards of pharmacy oversee pharmacy practices within the states, while the state veterinary medicaltax. The original complaint named many other defendants both corporate and individuals, all of whom, except the principal defendants and their wives, were dismissed prior to the final order.
Rocco Pintozzi and Frank Pintozzi for many years have been engaged in the business of operating retail liquor stores. For several years their operation was in the nature of a partnership. About 1958 it was determined that the operation of their stores should be carried on through corporate entities. Thereafter these defendants caused to be opened and operated nine retail liquor stores located in Chicago and its suburbs. They also caused to be organized approximately 12 corporations which were involved at various times in the operation of these liquor stores. For a period of time one of the stores was


licensed in the name of William Pape and later in the name of James O'Brien. Pursuant to the provisions of section 4 of the Retailers' Occupation Tax Act (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1967, ch. 120, par. 440 et seq.) the Department of Revenue made corrections in the various tax returns filed on behalf of the corporations and William Pape and made additional assessments of taxes due under the Act. Some of these assessments were reduced to judgment and others were not. The total amount of these judgments and assessments is $1,116,758.65.
The State's theory of the case is that the principal defendants were the real parties in interest in the operation of these liquor stores and that the corporate entities and individuals in whose names the operations were carried onthe fraudulent operations. Hazel Pintozzi, wife of defendant Rocco Pintozzi, and Geraldine Pintozzi, wife of defendant Frank Pintozzi, were joined as defendants because they are owners of interests in some of the real estate upon which the State seeks to impose a constructive trust.
On motion of the State a receiver pendente lite was appointed by the court to take charge of the property, both real and personal, involved in the operation of the various businesses. The receiver was also directed to take possession of the books, records and documents concerning the operation of the businesses. The receiver took possession and control as directed.
Following lengthy hearings the court made detailed findings of facts and conclusions of law on the many issues involved and incorporated the same by reference in


as defendants contend. The receiver had been ordered to take possession of the property of the corporation including the books and records on September 28, 1967. On October 4, 1967, the court directed the receiver to permit the Department of Revenue and any party to examine the books and records in the receiver's possession. On April 7, 1969, the court entered an order authorizing the Attorney General of Illinois to withdraw, upon a written receipt therefor, books and records in the possession of the receiver.
A distinction must be drawn between the obtaining of possession of the books and records by the receiver and the receipt of the same by the Attorney General to be used by him as evidence against the defendants. The taking of the books andcorporations and the principal defendants when taken over by the receiver. The same were thereafter in the possession and under the control of the court through its officer, the receiver. There was no seizure at this point.
A year and a half later, on April 7, 1969, possession of some of the books and records passed from the receiver to the Attorney General of Illinois and some of these documents were thereafter used as evidence in the case. In Dier v. Banton, 262 U.S. 147, 67 L.Ed. 915, the Supreme Court held that the right of an alleged bankrupt to protest *124 against the use of his books and papers relating to his business as evidence against him ceases as soon as his possession and control over them passed


of the Act and on tax returns filed on behalf of the store. During the period covered by these judgments the liquor store at 1423 West 55th Street in La Grange was one of a chain of stores owned and operated by the principal defendants through their various corporate entities. It appears that the corporate entity involved in the operation of this store was Countryside Food & Beverage, Inc. The books and records for this store were kept by the same accountant who kept the books for the other stores in the chain. He also prepared the tax returns for the store and at the direction of Rocco Pintozzi signed William Pape's name thereto. William Pape was a nephew of the defendants and was a part-time employee inthe practice of reporting a fraction of the gross receipts on the tax returns had been used by the defendants from about 1952, the earliest assessment for taxes dates from July 1, 1959. This is the date the complaint alleges as the commencement of the fraudulent practices. Rocco Pintozzi and his wife, Hazel, acquired a joint interest in a part of the property located on 55th Street in La Grange in 1956. Shortly thereafter Frank Pintozzi and his wife, Geraldine, acquired interests in the same property. Hazel Pintozzi and Geraldine Pintozzi had acquired interests in this real estate prior to the date of alleged fraudulent conduct by their husbands. The findings of the court absolve the wives of any wrongdoing and no personal liability was imposed upon them.


Last Chance to See

Last Chance to See is a 1989 BBC radio documentary series and its accompanying book, written and presented by Douglas Adams and Mark Carwardine. In the series, Adams and Carwardine travel to various locations in the hope of encountering species on the brink of extinction. The book was published in 1990.

In 2009, the BBC broadcast a television follow-up series of the same name, with Stephen Fry replacing the late Adams.

In 1985, Douglas Adams went to Madagascar in search of the (possibly extinct) lemur the aye-aye. The trip was part of a project by the World Wide Fund for Nature and British Sunday newspaper The Observer, sending well-known authors to remote places to seek endangered species and write articles for The Observer Magazine, to help raisewindows and good flow. "As soon as I walked in the front door, I said, 'this is it.' My husband said, 'Oh, shit.' "

Sophia Saeed felt a similar lure. After renting "forever" and looking to buy for over a year, she put her life savings into an 1887 Victorian near Trinity Bellwoods Park in Toronto. After living in a condo, she was used to clean and modern, but she couldn't find an existing renovation that suited her tastes. And so she set out to remake the house of her dreams.

The house was divided into three apartments but had to be transformed back into a singlefamily home. "They destroyed all of the original details of the house: Stained glass windows were removed, they painted the railings and stairs, they


painted the brick, and they destroyed the original fireplace," Ms. Saeed says. "The entire house was a '70s renovation dream - my nightmare." One kitchen was powder blue, and there was a bathroom that was entirely pink, right down to the showerhead. She plans on restoring the original brick exterior and the entire interior - from drywall to plumbing and insulation - has already been gutted and will undergo a thoroughly modern remodelling.

Ms. Vickery's renovation was also extensive; the house was gutted from top to bottom, including electrical, plumbing flooring, heating and the stripping of wood floors. They even moved the house 50 feet. Still, Ms. Vickery says she would do it all over again. Though she adds it's been 11 years since she purchased the house, the2000. The house, near Exeter in Southwest England, was at some point an alehouse that sold beer and cider, and was constructed out of cob (a mix of mud, straw and dung). It also has a thatched roof. The kitchen has been gutted, one of the three original inglenook fireplaces has been opened, and frequent repairs have been necessary. "Many years of inappropriate work was done to the house using the wrong materials, and we have done, and hope to continue to do, repairs that will reverse the poor work using the traditional material and methods that are kinder to the fabric of the house," Ms. Livingstone says.

For Ms. Saeed, the choice to go old was easy. She didn't want a condo. And she didn't want to buy


reliable and affordable health care and opioid-related care to millions of people impacted by the opioid crisis,” said Grant Smith, deputy director of national affairs with the Drug Policy Alliance.

There is considerable overlap between states that expanded Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act and states that have been hit hard by the opioid crisis – including Ohio and West Virginia. Republican senators from these and other states have publicly raised concerns about rolling back the Medicaid expansion.

Advocates have repeatedly warned that rollbacks of the Medicaid expansion would strip access to a broad array of health care and mental health services from millions of people vulnerable to opioid relapse and overdose. McConnell has said he still plans to push for a floor vote despite these and other concerns.

It’s nowTranscription

1 Chapter 20: The Progressive Era: The Progressives Problems affected the U.S. in 1900: a. Many people couldn't earn enough money to have decent living conditions. b. Many violent strikes occurred because of low wages and unsafe working conditions for most urban workers. c. Thousands of farmers went bankrupt or became tenant farmers. d. Serious crime and disease were common in crowded neighborhoods in big cities. e. Government at the local, state, and federal level was corrupt. Changes in Attitudes The depression of 1893 The depression of 1893 changed the attitude of middle-class people about poverty because they noticed that not only people who were lazy or unfit but also middleclass people could lose their jobs. Awareness of problems People's awareness of the problems in America increased because:


to Darwin's theory of evolution, some plants and animals were better able to survive changes in their environment because they made changes themselves as their environment changed.

2 The Progressive Era The years from 1900 to 1916 were called the Progressive Era because changes in people's attitudes produced gradual changes in how government helped citizens. Two kinds of improvements made during the Progressive Era: a. The relief improvements to improve the standard of living for poor people. b. The regulation improvements to make elections more honest and fair. Progressives believed that solving the problems needed government action. The Progressives Middle-class women and well-educated, young women from wealthy families were most responsible for starting progressive improvements. Most Progressives wanted to solve America's problems by making business practices honest and fair.Socialism is a form of government that the farmers, workers, and government officials own or control most of the economy. The most well-known socialist in the U.S. was Eugene Debs who formed the American Railway Union. Progressives and Local Solutions Local Relief Middle-class people became concerned with the problems of poor neighborhoods because of the spread of diseases. Some of the concerns middle-class women had for poor mothers and children: a. Many families couldn't afford milk for their children. b. Mothers who worked did not often have any place to leave their children. c. Women worked long hours in dangerous conditions and young children worked instead of attending school. Settlement of houses Settlement housing offered services to help poor people's medical problems and to help find jobs, recreation,


to get votes from them in return. Boss Tweed Boss Tweed used city government corruption to become rich by requiring all city employees to overcharge the city on all construction jobs. Good government candidates Middle-class people became more involved in local politics by sponsoring candidates who were often called "good government" candidates. Mayor Thomas Johnson was considered a good government candidate because he held public meetings for citizens to present their problems to government officials. Mayor Samuel Jones was also a good candidate because he set up free kindergartens and playgrounds and made the police give up their heavy clubs for lighter sticks and stop the practice of jailing people without charging them with a crime. Election reforms In an at large election, candidates for city offices wereelected from the city as a whole and not from just small neighborhoods. This helped elect more good government candidates and fewer city bosses. City managers

4 In the city manager plan, the city council was elected by the people, but the council had to appoint a trained person to be in charge of city employees and their work. This person was called the city manager. The city manager would hire people based on their ability to do their job rather than on their friendship with a politician, which made it more difficult to corrupt a city. Progressives were more successful in improving government in small and middlesized cities than in large cities because political bosses had too much support from city workers and immigrants in larger cities. Progressives


and State Level Solutions Progressives realized that many of the problems at the local level were affected by state laws, which is why they began to work at a state level. State Level Relief Prisons 1913 Thomas Mott Osborn successfully led a campaign to improve the New York prison system. Prisoner abuse decreased and prison buildings were cleaned up. They were provided with better plumbing and ventilation Public education 1830 children were not required to attend school. Progressives thought it was important for all children to have some schooling so they could get better jobs. Progressive Era many states began passing laws requiring children under a certain age to attend school. At the same time laws were being passed that prevented young children from working in factories. Betweenvote on whether to approve a new law. When the legislature passes a law, the time from when the law is passed to when the law goes into effect people can ask if the new law can be voted on by the people. If 10% of the people sign the request, then a referendum is held. The referendum increases fairness because it gives all the people a chance to vote on the law. The recall Recall allows voters to remove politicians from office before their elected term is over. The recall increases fairness because it allows the people to remove a politician if they believe he had been doing something illegal or has done something voters do not like. Limited Effect of Government Fairness Regulations Political bosses limited