day work up to Secretary and then one day I want to strive to be Chairman," she says.

Hide caption Modern Seminole patchwork makes use of glittery fabrics and sequins, especially for pageant nights. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Outgoing Jr. Miss Florida Seminole Cheyenne Nunez snaps a selfie with her portrait at the Miss Florida Seminole pageant on July, 25, 2015 in Hollywood, Fla. Every Miss Florida Seminole from 2005 to the present has been memorialized in the bronze statues behind her. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Outgoing Miss Florida Seminole Brianna Nunez, 20, backstage with aspiring contestants for the Jr. Miss Florida Seminole Contest. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Skyla Osceola, 16, is crowned Jr. Miss Florida Seminole. Her mother, Francine Osceola, hand-made her pageant dress. Atskeins and rolls of rick rack sit beneath vintage Singer sewing machines still in use by Seminole tribal elders in the Art and Culture Center on July, 24, 2015 in Hollywood, Fla. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption The Culture Room at the Hollywood headquarters exhibits functioning hand cranked sewing machines from Singer which elder tribal members still use. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Cheyenne Nunez's Indian name is Eyvtecet, "The Shy One," yet the 17-year-old 2015 Jr. Miss Florida Seminole is anything but. She's from the Brighton Reservation near Lake Okeechobee. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Young contestants wait to be called to the stage during the Miss Florida Seminole Princess and Junior Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageants. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption All twelve contestants in the


Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageant and Junior Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageant, promenade across the stage, resplendent in their hand made patchwork garments. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Skyla Osceola, 16, wears a striking hand-made cotton traditional patchwork dress with Man on Horse and H symbols, which she made with the help of her mother, Francine Osceola. Skyla won the Jr. Miss Florida Seminole Princess crown. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Last year's royalty, Cheyenne Nunez (left) and Brianna Nunez (right) flank Destiny Nunez (Brianna's sister and Cheyenne's cousin) as she is declared the winner of the Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageant on July, 25, 2015 in Hollywood, Fla. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption Pageant director Wanda Bowers, left, directs this year's winners onstage, right. She has shepherded"her girls" through every pageant since 1991. She was Miss Florida Seminole twice in the 1960's. Previous Next Will O'Leary

Hide caption In 1960, the contested Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageant began. Early competitors were so uncomfortable with the swimsuit portion of the pageant, it was never repeated. Previous Next Seminole Tribe of Florida

Hide caption Earlier contestants from the 1960's for the title of Miss Florida Seminole Princess. The dresses have gotten flashier, but traditional cotton patchwork remains an important category in all patchwork competitions. Previous Next Seminole Tribe of Florida 1 of 17 i View slideshow

Betty Mae Jumper was the first woman elected chairman of any federally recognized American Indian tribe.

The Princess Pageant began when the Seminoles were working to gain federal recognition, back in the late 1950's.


Pageant Director Wanda Bowers tells the story of the young secretary who was accompanying tribal elders to Washington, DC. She tired of a certain question.

"They'd ask, 'Is she your princess?'," says Bowers. "She would always say 'I'm the secretary-treasurer of the tribe. I'm their translator, their note-taker' Finally she told the chief, 'I'm not gonna be recognized as the princess anymore. I want you to start a princess contest so that we can have an official princess to be recognized as our ambassador."

By 1960, the tribe held its first such contest, and it's become increasingly traditional over time. (The swimsuit contest was dropped after the first season.) Bowers, 64, won the pageant in '68 and '69. She's has been directing the Miss Florida Seminole Princess Pageant since 1991.With the Jr. Miss Pageant added, young women 13 to 25 can participate. Princesses travel — a lot.

Alexis is one of several contestants who made some of her outfits. "I learned all my sewing at the [Art and] Culture Center here in Hollywood. Sewing is something that I really love doing. It's one of my major hobbies that I do every day."

The invention of the sewing machine changed the way the tribe looked. When the Singer sewing machine came into existence in the 19th century, the Seminoles embraced it. The outline of the long skirts and capes emulated European dress — and kept mosquitoes at bay. By the 20th century, tourists sought the Seminole patchwork, too, and that brought in money for the tribe.

The sewing room at the


Arts and Culture Center is always busy, especially around the Princess Pageant and other festival times. It's lined with bright skeins of thread, rickrack and bias tape, and banks of sewing machines — even a display of old hand-cranked models.

One of the seamstresses in the sewing room on a weekday morning is Shannon Tiger.

"I'm making Fire," she says, of the cloth piecework she's running on a sewing machine. "This pattern comes from when you start with [another pattern called] Rain, ... but you cut it into two squares, and then you cut it and put it them together at an angle and then you get Fire."

For another seamstress, patchwork is also a business. Ashley Cypress is a member of the closely related Miccosukee Tribe. She sews for nativesand non-native people alike. She uses social media expertly, especially Instagram. She's dressed a lot of pageant contestants.

"They'll come to me with a picture and say, 'Do you think you can make something like this?' I'm like, 'I'll try it!' Pinterest is like my best friend," she says, laughing.

Enlarge this image toggle caption Seminole Tribe of Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida

One historian says that what makes Seminole patchwork so appealing is the way the patterns move: in the wind or when someone is walking. Arrayed on a stage, the patterns on the young women glow, as if they were part of a neon Pop-art kaleidoscope — they're often made from modern fabrics today like satin and velvet. In the case of Alexis Jumper's skirt and cape, she's used


Animals die in Isle of Wight pet shop fire Published duration 6 November 2018

image copyright Google image caption Isle of Wight Pet Centre has been trading for more than 17 years

A number of animals have died in a fire at a pet shop on the Isle of Wight.

Birds, reptiles and lizards were killed in the blaze at Isle of Wight Pet Centre in Newport.

Five crews from across the island were called to the shop in Watergate Road shortly after 23:00 GMT on Monday. The fire was out by 00:45.

The blaze began in the shop area on the ground floor. An investigation into the cause is under way but it is not thought to be suspicious.

Isle of Wight Council said the ground floor and roof were damaged.

According to thepublic policy of Pennsylvania, and, therefore, may be given effect in this jurisdiction. The issue of whether the release is valid under German law, however, is left open at this time.
The background facts relevant to the determination of the present motion may be summarized as follows. On September 11, 1965, while in the vicinity of the American military personnel housing complex in Augusburg, Germany, the plaintiff was struck by an automobile operated by the defendant Patricia Jackson. It is alleged that as a result of this accident, plaintiff sustained extensive and permanent injuries, including serious injuries to the left and right lower extremities, to the abdominal wall and the region of the colon, disfigurement of her arms, legs, abdomen and right wrist, psychosis and neurosis arising out of


the humiliation connected with the disfigurement, and the inability to walk without a limp.
On October 22, 1965, Robin's parents, Glenn and Edna L. Weddington, executed a release in satisfaction of any claim which Robin might have against the defendant, her husband, and defendant's insurer. The release, witnessed by an attorney apparently retained by the parents of the plaintiff, provided for the *1273 payment of $5,000 and "medical, hospital, and doctor's costs". It was executed without court approval, which is not required under German law.
At the time of both the accident and the execution of the release, Robin resided with her parents in Augusburg, Germany, where her father had been assigned to duty by the United States Army. The minor plaintiff is a United States citizen and presently residesin Indiana with her mother. The defendant Patricia Jackson is also a United States citizen. At the time of the accident and the execution of the release, the defendant was in Augusburg, Germany accompanying her husband, who also had been assigned to duty there by the United States Army. The defendant was born in Pennsylvania and except for her absence while accompanying her husband on military assignments, has apparently been a lifetime resident of Pennsylvania.[1]
In the present action, Robin Weddington, suing as a minor by her mother and next friend, seeks to recover damages for injuries sustained as a result of the automobile accident in question.
The defendant asserts that the release, which is alleged to be valid under German law, bars any recovery by the minor plaintiff. By


the various jurisdictions with the occurrences and parties may be identified as follows:

A. Pennsylvania
Except for her absences from the state while accompanying her husband on tours of military duty, the defendant apparently has been a lifetime resident of Pennsylvania. The insurance company which negotiated the release in question apparently has a place of business in Pennsylvania.[3] Finally, Pennsylvania is the forum of the present litigation.

B. Germany
As previously noted, the accident involving Robin Weddington occurred in Germany, and the release in question was executed in Germany. At the time of the accident and the execution of the release, the plaintiff, her parents, and the defendant resided in Germany. At the time of the accident, the defendant was licensed to operate an automobile by the United States military command, pursuantto authorization by the government of Germany.

C. Indiana
The plaintiff presently resides in Indiana with her mother.
*1275 To select the jurisdiction whose law should govern determination of the validity of the release in question, Griffith and its progeny require the identification of the jurisdiction with the most significant contacts with the parties and occurrences in question. By this standard, it is clear that Germany has the most significant contacts with the parties and occurrences in question; therefore, the validity of the release before me should be measured by the law of Germany. The accident occurred and the release in question was executed in Germany. The plaintiff, her parents, and the defendant resided in Germany at the time of the accident and the execution of the release. In summary, the


occurrences crucial to the present litigation all occurred in Germany, while all of the parties to the release resided there. As against this significant grouping of contacts with Germany, the contacts of the other jurisdictions do not appear substantial. The Republic of Germany has a legitimate and clear interest in the application of its law to settlements entered into in Germany regarding accidents occurring in Germany. Parties entering into settlement agreements in Germany should be able to do so with confidence in the validity and stability of the agreement as measured by German law. The prompt and equitable settlement of disputes occurring within its jurisdiction is a strong and valid interest of Germany in the application of its law in the present context. The encouragement of an orderlythat the insurance company has its main office at 120 Maiden Lane, New York City. The defendant further claims that in its reliance on the name of the insurer (as the National Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pa.) the plaintiff made the "incorrect determination" that the insurer "has some connection with Pennsylvania." The defendant has either clumsily, or very circumspectly failed to claim with specificity that the National Fire Insurance Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa. has no connection with Pennsylvania.
[4]  It should be noted that the contacts of Germany with the parties and occurrences here are more numerous and substantial than the contacts of Pennsylvania with the parties and occurrences in Griffith, where the law of Pennsylvania was found applicable. In Griffith, the ticket for the ill-fated plane


Concealed handgun license holders in Texas can carry their weapons into public university buildings, classrooms and dorms starting Monday, a day that also marks 50 years after the mass shooting at the University of Texas' landmark clock tower.

The campus-carry law pushed by Gov. Greg Abbott and the Republican legislative majority makes Texas one of a handful of states guaranteeing the right to carry concealed handguns on campus.

Texas has allowed concealed handguns in public for 20 years. Gun rights advocates consider it an important protection, given the constitutional right to bear arms, as well as a key self-defense measure in cases of campus violence, such as the 1966 UT shootings and the 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech.

Opponents of the law fear it will chill free speech on campus andlead to more campus suicide. The former dean of the University of Texas School of Architecture left for a position at the University of Pennsylvania because of his opposition to allowing guns on campus.

Officials told the Austin American-Statesman it was a coincidence that the law took effect 50 years to the day after the UT shooting. Marine-trained sniper Charles Whitman climbed to the observation deck of the 27-story clock tower in the heart of UT's flagship Austin campus, armed with rifles, pistols and a sawed-off shotgun on Aug. 1, 1966, killing 13 people and wounding more than 30 others before officers gunned him down.

Whitman had killed his wife and mother before he headed to the tower, investigators said. One victim died in the hospital a week later and


Station, guns are allowed in dorm rooms and teachers must get permission from the administration to ban guns from their office. State law still bans weapons from some campus areas, such as hospitals and sporting events.

Private schools like Baylor, Rice, Texas Christian and others can ban guns under the state law. Currently, Amberton University, which doesn't allow students under 21 and has a total enrollment under 2,000, is the only private school that has opted to allow guns.

As for community colleges, they have until August 2017 to allow weapons, giving them more time to adjust for security and other measures.

The killing spree in Texas helped introduce the nation to the concept of a "mass shooting" outside the context of a military battlefield.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.kph) and were located northwest of center. Eight hours later at 1200 UTC (7 a.m. EST) strongest sustained winds shifted east of center and increased to near 30 mps (67.1 mph/108 kph), making them tropical-storm force.

Later in the day at 2100 UTC (4 p.m. EST) satellite images indicated that the low pressure system developed into a subtropical storm and was named Alex. At the time, Alex was located near 27.1 degrees north latitude and 30.8 degrees west longitude, about 782 miles (1,260 km) south-southwest of the Azores.

By 1500 UTC (10 a.m. EST) on January 14, hurricane force winds extended outward up to 25 miles (35 km) from the center and tropical storm force winds extend outward up to 150 miles (240 km).

An animation of GOES-East satellite visible and


Alex is also the first North Atlantic hurricane thriving in January since Alice of 1955, which formed on Dec. 30, 1954. Alice developed on December 30, 1954 from a trough of low pressure in the central Atlantic Ocean in an area of unusually favorable conditions.

The Azores Meteorological Service has issued a Hurricane Warning for the islands of Faial, Pico, Sao Jorge, Graciosa, and Terceira in the central Azores, and a Tropical Storm Warning for the islands of Sao Miguel and Santa Maria in the eastern Azores. [ ]

At 10 a.m. EST (1500 UTC), the National Hurricane Center said that the center of Hurricane Alex was located near latitude 31.5 North, longitude 28.4 West. Alex was moving toward the north-northeast near 20 mph (31 kph) and a turn towardexample, under cloudy-bright conditions, sunlight may be reflected by or dispersed by the clouds to strike a photodetector that would otherwise have been shaded from direct rays of sunlight. The result is that the control circuitry falsely signals the horizontal drive motor to advance the reflector apparatus in an attempt to once again shade the photodetector. This so-called runaway condition can cause the reflector apparatus to be advanced to its full due-west position even though the sun may still be in the eastern or southern sky.
A further problem which has been discovered with the tracking apparatus and control circuitry disclosed in the two aforementioned patents is the situation wherein the sun is hidden by the clouds during the morning and mid-day hours, but comes out from behind the


clouds in the afternoon. During such conditions, the reflector apparatus might never be advanced from its initial due-east position, since the photodetector used to sense east-to-west movement of the sun never receives a sufficient amount of light to trigger the horizontal drive motor. By the time that the sun ultimately comes out from behind the clouds, the sun approaches the reflector apparatus from behind the reflector panel, with the result that the photodetector used to trigger the horizontal drive motor is never illuminated. Thus, although there is enough sunlight in the late afternoon to illuminate the interior of the building, the reflector apparatus remains directed due east.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a solar lighting reflector apparatus incorporating a low preofile reflector assemblyseek out the position of the sun once the sun comes out from behind the clouds after extended hours of overcast conditions.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art as the description thereof proceeds.


Bollywood celebs and their tantrums

The actor got angry when he was asked to give a retake. Apparently, Mishti, the Bengali newcomer had to sprinkle water on Rishi’s face. Both the actors shot the scene twice, but Subhash Ghai was insistent on one more take. Rishi flared up and stormed out of the sets saying it was pack up time. Celebrity tantrums in tinseltown are not a new thing, here’s a look at few other actors and their reported tantrums:

Katrina Kaif Though she’s known for her politically correct behaviour, Kat lost her temper on a whirlwind promotional tour of a film. She fell into a deep slumber on a plane without putting on her seat belt, and vented her ire on the hapless airhostess when the latter tapped herhave already developed starry airs. The former adult star displayed some of it recently during a shoot when she laid down the condition that she did not want TV channels covering the shoot. The photoshoot organisers were in a spot as normally there are tie-ups between them and channels.

Arjun Kapoor If insiders are to be believed, then he has put on airs ever since his debut film Ishaqzaade became a hit. The 27-year-old actor reportedly refused to share a car during the promotions of Aurangzeb. Even if he did so, he would make them wait for hours before he turned up for the journey ahead. Well, too much pride too soon!


When the dust settled, only one other game technically counted as an upset - Xavier knocking off No. 6 Maryland. He often envisioned racing down the court as the final seconds ticked away and hoisting up a game-winner.

While the Wildcats doused Collins with water to celebrate a win that extends the program's first trip to March Madness by at least one more game, there were red eyes in the Vanderbilt locker room.

Northwestern called dibs on bad basketball from its first game, a 34-19 setback against Chicago in 1905. The country had made them March's darling before the tournament had even begun. "Your best players have to lead, and everybody else has to follow and do their part".

"It's a dream come true", said McIntosh, following his game-high 25 pointeffort. Then came his patented floater and another corner three.

"I thought he was in a good rhythm early".

Krzyzewski said he doesn't have "plans for the future" last summer, but it's unclear how much longer the 70-year-old coach will remain at the head of Duke's bench. He had a great look. I endured more than my share of both covering the Wildcats in the mid-1990s for the Daily Northwestern, a rite of passage for student journalists that involved watching games, describing the carnage and feeling at least a twinge of regret for not having applied to MI. The Commodores had the lead at the time, but McIntosh tied the game and then put Northwestern in front.

McIntosh stepped up, in the biggest moment of his basketball life, with the entire


weight of a program on his shoulders, and calmly hit two free throws. "Certainly, I was surprised". "It was my dumb mistake why we lost". Hmm - I hope the media takes note of this. "We're not in that position without him".

In a way it was also a bit of redemption for McIntosh. And that's what it takes this time of year.

The Bulldogs' 66-46 win in Salt Lake City probably left more than a few people second guessing their brackets. Sanjay Lumpkin was fouled shortly afterward, and made one free throw to make it 68-66.

It's just another hatchet buried in a year that has been all about burying the suffering of the past.

Northwestern also made a strong late-season run, but a blowout loss to Wisconsin in the Bigthe exercise left for Prof Ramgopal Yadav, who is the brain behind the coup to assess the allegiance of the winning MLAs. This was his first visit to the office after it was set up nearly a year ago housing the party's war room for the elections.

Unlike the lower house, whose members are elected by direct vote, the upper house is elected by state assemblies. But its staggering demographic weight makes it the most politically consequential state in India's democracy.

Latest news

Kim's identity confirmed through son's DNA: Malaysia
Washington and Seoul were trying to tarnish the North's image and bring down its social system, Kim said on late Monday in NY . Malaysian police also want to question three other North Koreans, including a diplomat, for their alleged roles in


on the floor where Sunanda’s room was located and where she had passed away. This falsehood was also categorically denied by the hotel which issued a statement that all 230 CCTV cameras, including the ten on the said floor were not only operational but its complete footage from January 15 to 17, 2014 (that included footage of the period before her death and the day of her death) were handed over to the Delhi police and its receipt was duly acknowledged by the cops. Another lie busted.

Swamy has discredited investigation by speculating theories about Pushkar’s death. (Photo: Twitter)

Subramanian Swamy had also claimed in the media that he had personally seen the autopsy video of the late Sunanda Pushkar. Since Dr Sudhir Gupta was the custodian of such material,and to raping and killing his colleague Cpl. Marie-France Comeau, 38, of Brighton and Jessica Lloyd, 27, of Belleville. He is serving a life sentence in Kingston Penitentiary. At the time of his arrest, Williams was commander of CFB Trenton, Canada’s biggest air base.

During his sentencing hearing, the court heard that the SUV Williams used to kidnap Lloyd would be crushed, and the hundreds of items of women’s and girls’ underwear and clothing he stole would be burned.

Williams has since been stripped of his rank and thrown out of the military. It was the first time that happened to an officer in the Canadian Forces, Genest said.

A few minor items of clothing belonging to the military are missing, Genest added. He stressed that none of the documents retrieved


from Williams were classified. Genest said military officials did not enter Willliams’ Ottawa home as part of the operation to retrieve equipment.

There is also “an arrangement,” Genest said, to retrieve Williams’ military medals and his “commission scroll” within days. The scroll is a document signed by the Governor General and the Minister of National Defence, which confirms that Williams was a serving officer in the Canadian Forces. Officers retiring from the military would normally keep the scroll.

Williams had two medals — the Canadian Forces Decoration Medal, given for good service, and the South West Asia Service Medal, for having served at least 30 days in Afghanistan. Genest said the medals will likely be kept “in a safe place” once the military gets them back.

“It is an action thatVictor och Natten

Victor Junior Morsing (born 16 June 1988), better known by his stage name Victor och Natten ()  is a Swedish singer.

Life and career
Morsing was born on 16 June 1988 in Köping. His father died when he was very young and he added the name Natten in his artist name as a tribute to him. He released his first music single called Svartsjuk in 2014. Morsing writes songs in Swedish and describes his music as "pop music with rap lyrics". He participated in Melodifestivalen 2016, performing the song "100%" in semi-final 2, ending up in sixth place, not progressing to the final.

Discography

Singles

References

Category:Living people
Category:1988 births
Category:Swedish-language singers
Category:Swedish male singers
Category:Swedish pop singers
Category:Swedish rappers
Category:People from Köping
Category:Melodifestivalen contestants


It's going down: TQILA-IRPGF Speaks from Rojava. Anon.The situation of the Kurds in a drastically changing Middle East has received little attention in academia and less in the media despite their growing impact on regional and international politics. The biggest stateless people living in the Middle East are on the verge of a new status, not only in Iraqi Kurdistan, where a referendum for independence takes place on September 25, 2017, but also in Syria and Turkey. The stories of Iranian Kurds and the conditions they live in are the least known, not only by the international community but also by fellow-Kurds living in three neighbouring countries, due to an intense isolation. And then, in this closing contribution, there are 'the intersecting modalities of power.' This week’s shortinvestigation on Rojava, see Michael Knapp, Anja Flach, and Ercan Ayboga, Revolution in Rojava—Democratic Autonomy and Women’s Liberation in Syrian Kurdistan, Pluto Press, London, 2016.

[3] For further scholarship on the Kurds under four different states, see: David McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds, London: I.B. Tauris, 2004; Jordi Tejel, Syria’s Kurds—History, Politics and Society, translated by Emily Welle and Jane Welle, Routledge, London: New York, 2009; Zeynep Gambetti and Joost Jongerden, The Kurdish Issue in Turkey: A Spatial Perspective, Routledge, Oxon, 2015; Abbas Vali, Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity, I.B. Tauris, London: New York, 2014; Choman Hardi, Gendered Experiences of Genocide: Anfal Survivors in Kurdistan-Iraq, Routledge, London, 2016; Ismail Besikci, International Colony Kurdistan, Gomidas Institute, London, 2015.

[4] It is worth noting


to bed." " Turn up the TV." " What?" "Turn up the damn television." "Vinick'sexperiencingasmallsurge in late validating, possibly due to the death of Democratic Vicepresidential candidate Leo McGarry." "And showing a great deal of strength in the North to all set, ...predictably low turnout in San Diego County,  ...near the site of last month's nuclear accident." "I'm sure that Vinick never anticipated winning  after the catastrophic nuclear accident in California a few weeks ago." "Some websites went as far as to predict that Vinick was the loser of this election." "We are now ready to call California for Arnold Vinick, ...by what appears to be over 80.000 votes." "Senator Vinick is the winner in his home state..." "What's left?" "Oregon and Nevada." "Vinick wins eitherof millions of people in the region have never bought a smartphone, but so far Apple has largely missed out on the opportunity.

The iPhone accounts for only 2% of smartphone sales in India and between 8% and 10% in China — the world's two biggest markets — according to industry estimates. It also has a small share of other Asian markets with huge potential, accounting for 5% of sales in Vietnam, 8% in Thailand and just 1% in Indonesia in the past year, according to IDC.

Innovative Chinese rivals

In addition to its perennial rival, South Korea's Samsung (SSNLF), Apple is facing tougher competition from Chinese players such as Huawei, Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi.

All four have surged ahead of Apple (AAPL) in China and now control more than 80% of


that market, according to research firm Canalys. Huawei overtook Apple as the world's second biggest smartphone brand — behind Samsung — earlier this year.

"In recent years Apple has slid quite a lot in the Chinese market," said Canalys researcher Mo Jia. "The very aggressive tech innovation from Chinese brands is changing the high-end landscape."

The trade war could make life even harder for Apple in China, where overall smartphone shipments suffered their biggest decline ever in the first quarter of 2018.

"The biggest risk for Apple in the future is the current China-US conflict," Jia said, adding that tariffs on components could drive its prices even higher.

Too expensive for India

Prices are already Apple's biggest challenge in India, where around 800 million people have yet to experience the internet, and mostcompartment and a blood compartment. The magnet compartment is sealed and contains a bearing supported disk which contains a number of radially placed magnets. Coupled to the disk and protruding from the magnet compartment into the blood compartment is a shaft. Seals around the shaft prevent fluid from the blood compartment from entering into the magnet compartment. Attached to the shaft is an impeller which is contained within the blood compartment. Two tubes extend from the housing of the blood compartment. An inlet tube extends axially from the blood compartment. An outlet tube extends orthogonal from the inlet tube and is located tangentially to the blood compartment. The pump is connected to the circuit by connecting the inlet connector of the pump to the inlet tubing of the


repeated contacts and impingements between the carrier and toner particles and between these particles and mechanical parts of the developing apparatus. Once such a film has been formed, the accumulation of toner material on the respective carrier particles becomes gradually heavier. Then, the triboelectric charge of developer which has been generated by contact of the bare surface of the carrier particles with the toner particles is replaced by the triboelectric charge which is now generated by contact of the toner-coated surface of the carrier particles with the toner particles, i.e. by toner-toner contact. Thus, the triboelectric property obtained by the fresh developer is seriously impaired. Consequently, the quality of the final reproduced copies becomes poor due to the soiling of the background with a significant amount of tonerand blog posts to Aljazeera.com and The Huffington Post. On 7 June 2012, Al Jazeera English announced that Imran would be returning to South Africa.

Second stint
In 2013 Imran returned to the network for the network's digital channel AJ+ based in San Francisco, California where he specialized in short documentaries, including a special on Black Lives Matter protesters in Ferguson, Missouri. Beginning in 2015, Imran also anchored the news  at Al Jazeera America in New York City. On April 16, 2015 it was announced that Imran would host a show on Al Jazeera America called Third Rail, an hour-long, guest-driven debate program focused on under-reported stories and hot-button topics.

TRT World
In October 2015, Garda joined TRT World, Turkish Radio and Television Corporation's English-language channel as host of The Newsmakers,


LSE Business Review or the London School of Economics.

Featured image credit: Wikimedia Commons

Before commenting, please read our Comment Policy

Helene Tenzer is Assistant Professor of International Business at the University of Tübingen, Germany. She has earned a Master degree in International Cultural and Business Studies and a PhD at the University of Passau. Her current research focuses on language in international business, multinational teams, leadership in multinational enterprises, organizational behavior and the management of foreign subsidiaries.

Markus Pudelko is Professor of International Business at the University of Tübingen, Germany. He has earned Master degrees in Business Studies (University of Cologne), Economics (Sorbonne University), International Management (Community of European Management Schools) and a PhD (University of Cologne). His current research is on multinational teams, the impact of language on international business,Pages

Wednesday, 9 August 2017

Strategy: Elon Musk reportedly gave his assistant a 2-week test when she asked for a big raise — what happened to her is an important lesson in salary negotiations

According to a biography of Elon Musk, when Musk's assistant asked him for a raise, he did an experiment to see if she was critical to his success.

In his 2015 biography, "Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future," Ashlee Vance shares the story of how Musk stopped working with his longtime executive assistant in early 2014.

According to Vance, the assistant, Mary Beth Brown, asked Musk for a significant raise after she'd been working with him for 12 years. In response, Musk told Brown to take two weeks off, during which he would assume


One of my favorite photo series of my youngest son was taken when he was about 18 months old. The first image shows him gleefully stuffing his hand into the base of a sippy cup, the next image shows his dismayed reaction as he realizes his hand is stuck. His tiny brow is furrowed and his mouth is open in an anguished howl as his free hand scrabbles uselessly at the plastic. I'm sure I eventually helped remove the cup from his hand ... but the first thing I did was take his picture, because HAAAA.

I suspect most parents can identify with the experience of seeing their child get into some sort of awkward and/or inadvisable predicament -- and rushing for the camera before rushing to their aid.photos though, including a replica of one of the minor league fields.

Then we grabbed a picnic lunch and took it to the beach. We went to Mission Beach again but this time went to the ocean side instead of one of the coves. Beautiful!

Next was Boomers for a round of mini golf and then to Old Town for Italian food. Yummy!

On the knitting side of things I finally finished the green squares for the giant checkerboard. Woohoo!!!! Eight more squares and the thing is finally done. I have 10 days if I want to get it done by Fathers Day. I also finished off one practice slipper with the exception of seaming. Hopefully it fits!

Today was another busy day on vacation. First stop this morning was Legoland. It


Japanese Investors Waiting On The EEC

They’ll be more competing for the best Japanese restaurant in Bangkok among other Japanese businesses when the investors start rolling in. At least, that’s what Chairman Kalin Sarasin, Thai Chamber of Commerce, says, claiming that they expect Japanese investors to invest in Thailand once the Thai Government’s Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) has its timeline is clarified.

Following a meeting in Aug. 22 with Hiroki Mitsumata, President of the Japan External Trade Organization (Jetro), Mr. Kalin says that the Japanese unit stated that they have a lot of investment confidence in Thailand.

Mr. Kalin quoted Mr. Mitsumata, who stated that the latest survey by Jetro on Japanese firms operating in Thailand discovered that about 62% of them have plans to invest more in the country, witha particular focus on the EEC area.

Kalin says that Jetro reaffirmed that Japanese investors are looking to invest in Thailand, both in initial investments and expansion, more importantly, he adds, some new Japanese investors are also interested in investing in the Kingdom. He says that Japanese investors predict that the overall business environment in the second half of 2018 would only continue to improve, while the Japanese firms in Thailand will also be expecting higher exports for the period, particularly with regards to food, electric appliances, electronics and chemicals, which makes it likely that Thailand will be seeing more competitors for the best Japanese restaurant in Bangkok, alongside new electronics and appliances.

Vice-Chairman of Thai National Shippers’ Council, Visit Limlurcha says that Thailand’s rapid development in the field of


Attack on Titan's manga has been steadily heading toward its big finale, and series creator Hajime Isayama is even starting to think about what he'll take on next after it's all over. This means that each new chapter is more intense than ever as the final climax of the series continues to unfold in the war between Eren and the rest of the world. It makes the monthly release schedule for the manga a bit tough for fans, but what does ease the pain a little bit is getting a confirmed release date for when the next chapter will hit shelves.

As noted by @AoTWiki on Twitter, Chapter 125 of Attack on Titan has been confirmed to be released on January 9th. This will mark a full month sincethe release of Chapter 124 on December 9th, and you can currently check out the latest chapter of the series with Crunchyroll.

Attack on Titan Chapter 125 official release date, January 9th (Japan Time) pic.twitter.com/kPN3iRpLyk — Attack on Titan Wiki (@AoTWiki) December 8, 2019

As each new chapter continues Eren's destructive path, it's become increasingly clear to fans that there's no way the series can have a happy ending. With Eren on his current genocidal path to destroy all humanity outside of Paradis island, there's about to be more gruesome deaths with every new chapter of the series. This continues with Chapter 124 as the Survey Corps and everyone else tries to scramble as Eren begins the rumbling.

But as Mikasa and the other members of the Survey Corps wonder if


they'll be saved from Eren's tirade as he continues to unleash the unrelenting power of the Titans, they too are caught up in the mix as it seems like Eren's not exactly making sure they're free of all of the madness. This makes the wait for the next chapter tough, but at least now there's a confirmed end to the wait!

Attack on Titan was originally created by Hajime Isayama for Kodansha's Bessatsu Shonen Magazine in 2009. It's set in a world where the last remnants of humanity live within a walled city in order to escape the danger of the Titans, a race of giants monsters that eats humans. The lead character, Eren Yeager, ends up joining the military with his two childhood friends Mikasa and Armin afterHYDERABAD: Finally, chief minister Chandrababu Naidu has zeroed in on Amaravati as the name of the new capital of Andhra Pradesh . TOI had hinted at the same name in November last year. The CM will announce the name in a couple of days at an auspicious moment, said sources.According to the sources, Naidu finalized Amaravati as the name of his upcoming capital on the banks of river Krishna on the rationale that in one stroke, a new modern capital can be linked to history dating back to at least 2000 years when the small town of Amaravati, which is about 32 km away from the core capital region, was a major Buddhist centre.Since Amaravati is also associated with Telugu heritage dating back to the Satavahana kingdom, Naidu


felt that it would be the most appropriate name for the AP capital. It was also felt that the name Amaravati will elevate the status of the new capital and will be embraced by all Telugus, whether they are in Andhra, Telangana, elsewhere in India, or abroad.The sources said many in the government and the TDP had suggested that the capital be named after NTR, but Naidu had shot it down. "The chief minister preferred the historical importance of the region to the parochial sentiments expressed by some of his colleagues," a minister, who revealed to TOI Naidu's decision to name the capital as Amaravati, said. A GO on the name would also be issued after the formal announcement by the chief minister himself, the minister added.Naidu wasto have announced the name of the new capital while taking part in the Ugadi festivities in Tullur village last Saturday."Before leaving Hyderabad, he told us that the name Amaravati would be announced on Ugadi and carried with him all the necessary historical reports about the political and spiritual importance of Amaravati. However, the CM later decided to make the announcement on an exclusive occasion," the minister said. The sources said Naidu did not want the capital name announcement to be mired in any controversy as the model election code of conduct was in place for the legislative council polls.Apparently, the CM zeroed in on Amaravati after discussing it with historians and vaastu experts. The TDP government has already acquired 33,000 acres of land from farmers of 26


replace Iran's oil with producers Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates ready to meet additional demand.

But Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh on Friday said the two Arab countries exaggerate their oil production capacities.

Asian refiners are expected to reach out to producers from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) for more supplies while South Korea is set to once again scan the world for alternative, but more expensive, condensate supplies and snap up heavy naphtha oil products.

Consultancy FGE said Iran will still get some 200,000-300,000 bpd of oil smuggled out on land via Iraq,

Pakistan and perhaps Turkey while Chinese trading company Zhuhai Zhenrong may continue to lift Iranian oil.

"The new tougher stance from the US implies that exports will likely be some 300,000-400,000 bpd lowerbuyers claim that the houses were structurally defective, mostly in the form of foundation problems. Originally, the buyers sued General Homes, but after it was forced into bankruptcy, the buyers then sued the bank group that had supplied General Homes with its line of credit. They also had sued a mortgage company, two warranty insurance companies, a contractor, and several officers of the companies. All of the state actions were consolidated in the state district court, and the banks removed the resulting action.
3. Chronology.
June 15 & 20, 1990 Buyers of houses sued General Homes in state court over foundation defects.
July 10 Involuntary bankruptcy petition against General Homes.
August 17 General Homes consented to the bankruptcy, and relief under chapter 11 is entered.
January 15, 1991 FGMC, a General Homes subsidiary,


classes of claims against several classes of defendants.
A. The buyers sued, the builder and mortgage company (debtors) for the losses from the construction defects.
B. The buyers sued individuals who were officers of the builder and mortgage company.
C. The buyers sued the two insurance companies that backed the house warranties.
D. The buyers sued the subcontractor that provided foundations to the builder.
E. The buyers sued the bank group on the ground that the banks controlled the builder.
The parts of this suit that were on file at the bankruptcy and against the builder appeared as items in the statement of assets and schedule of assets and liabilities of the builder as a debtor. The buyers, who are the plaintiffs here, participated in the bankruptcy as unsecured creditors.
In effect, the buyers joinedmotor space. This is possible because the accumulator requires only a small volume for good performance. This location also provides the possibility of optimum damping.

In a further embodiment the restriction consists of one or more capillary resistances which produce laminar flow. In this case a truly linear variation of the flow resistance of the restriction is ensured.

The accumulators may be constructed in various manners. In a structurally advantageous embodiment, each of the accumulators comprises a disk-shaped member and a block-shaped member, the disk-shaped member comprising a number of restrictions communicating with the motor space and the accumulator space being provided in the block-shaped member. The flexible diaphragm may be provided near its circumference with a ring which is clamped between the disk-shaped member and the block-shaped member in


for T1--T10 or midline of transverse process at T11--T12 defined the pedicle entrance point. In the lumbar spine, midpoint of the transverse process and its intersection with the lateral pars-interarticularis was chosen as the entry point.

Following determination of entry point, a high-speed burr is used to penetrate the outer cortex over the pedicle entry point. Afterward, narrow curette or special thoracic pedicle probe was used to determine the pedicle trajectory. We used a straight pedicle probe except in periapical segments with rotated vertebra when we used a curved probe. Normally, after passing the pedicle through the body, there was a more smooth feeling in the surgeon\'s hands. The resulting pedicle tract was palpated with ball-tipped probe to verify the presence of any cortical breaches as well as toThis invention relates to the surgical arts, and more particularly to apparatus and method for inserting pacemaker electrodes, catheters and similar devices into an internal organ or cavity of the human body.
The field of medical technology has experienced unprecedented developments in the last several decades. Some of the most dramatic advances in the medical field have occurred in the understanding and control of the human heart. The development of the pacemaker has solved some of the previous problems of heart disease and has extended the lives of thousands of patients.
In the past, the surgical implant of a pacemaker and permanent pacemaker electrode required approximately one to two hours. This surgical procedure was previously done by sectioning through the tissue layers of the patient down to the cephalic vein.


An incision was made in the cephalic vein and the electrode tip inserted through the incision and through the vein into the right ventricle of the heart. The electrode was then tied to the body tissue and a second surface incision made for receiving the pacemaker pulse generator. The permanent electrode was connected to the pulse generator by a special plug-receptacle combination, and the pacemaker then was implanted within the patient.
The cephalic vein is located beneath the layers of the pectoralis muscle on the chest wall. Many times a large physical incision and a considerable amount of dissection is required to isolate the caphalic vein. Not infrequently, the cephalic vein is too small to accommodate the size of state-of-the-art pacemaker electrodes. In such a case, more extensive dissectionto do here are the pictures with the huge perspective (where people looks so tiny and funny). After some fun you go north way and get close to the big Volcano Thunupa (5434 m.a.s.l.) to get some pictures from the distance… later you will return back to Uyuni to stay back in the town at 6:30 pm. After you enjoyed the most fantastic sunset in the big salar of Uyuni (unique that big over the world)

News

SALT FLATS / WET SEASON / ENJOY THE MIRROR EFFECT – SUNSET – AND STAR GAZING ITINERARY: The tour starts at 16:00pm. From RED PLANET (uyuni town) First you go to a small town called (COLCHANI) located close to the shore of salt flats, people in this town are all...


eventual elimination of the institution, and what messaging can best generate support.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Slavery — and more specifically, human chattel slavery — was not a new phenomenon in the time of the transatlantic Slave trade, which started in the early 16th century and lasted through the mid-19th century. It had long been perceived as normal, natural, and necessary, and historian Robert Fogel says it “stood above criticism for 3,000 years.”[1] Antislavery was one of the first movements to take off and to succeed in the modern push for social justice, and its history is well-documented. This makes the British antislavery movement, which preceded and ignited successful antislavery movements throughout the world, a remarkable case study for modern advocates.

This report provides a condensed history of the British antislavery movement,charting a course from its roots through the ban on the transatlantic Slave trade and culminating in the ban on human chattel slavery in the British empire. Unless otherwise specified, this report uses the term abolition to refer to the legal ban on the transatlantic Slave trade and emancipation to refer to the legal ban on human chattel slavery.[2] It uses antislavery to refer to the movement or advocates who worked on both or either effort; Slavery, capitalized, to refer to the chattel enslavement of Africans and their descendants, as well as some Native Americans, by Europeans and their descendants; Slaves, capitalized, to refer to those slaves; and the (transatlantic) Slave trade to refer to the trade in human slaves from Africa to the Americas. After providing this


history, the report will draw conclusions about which strategies seemed to be most effective for the movement and propose tentative implications for the movement against animal farming.

Studying successful movements of the past can provide invaluable insights into the most effective strategies for modern movements. The two institutions of the European enslavement of Africans and their descendants in the Americas and the modern farming of nonhuman animals share the fundamental characteristic of commodification: They treated/treat sentient beings as property, rather than as individuals who had/have their own interests. Both movements also relied/rely on discrimination based on group membership — in Slavery, race, and in animal farming, species. The focus of this report is on strategic insights for the movement against animal farming, but we will discuss some insights forinsofar as it’s useful to understand the strategy and outcomes of British antislavery.

While a handful of significantly less invested nations and American colonies or states achieved abolition and/or emancipation before the UK, the British antislavery movement was the first to launch into the public spotlight. The UK and US were the first of the handful of major stakeholders in the transatlantic Slave trade to abolish the trade, more or less simultaneously, and the UK compelled other major stakeholding nations including Spain, France and Portugal to abolish the trade after they did. The UK was also the second major stakeholder in Slavery to permanently emancipate its Slaves, after Spain. Perhaps most importantly, the citizens and Slaves of other nations both knew about the antislavery movement in the UK and


were directly influenced by it in some important ways: For instance, William Lloyd Garrison, a major American movement leader, visited the British movement leaders to learn from them, and antislavery advocate and later Member of Parliament (MP) George Thompson gave a speaking tour in the US shortly after the UK legislated emancipation. This makes the evidence we can obtain from studying abolition and emancipation in other major stakeholding nations who adopted their reforms, abolitions, and emancipations after the UK more tenuous, because it is unclear how relatively important the UK’s movement, precedent, and direct influences were to the decisions of the nations who followed suit within a mere generation. The UK was likely in turn affected by the activism, attitudes, and legal changes in other regions with whichit exchanged significant flows of people, trade, and information, so further study of other nations’ movements during and before the time of the British movement is especially valuable.

The British antislavery movement also had the particularly interesting feature of a push for improvements to the cruelties of the industry, which advocates pursued both in the near-term interest of Slaves and in the longer-term interest of eliminating the institution. Welfare reforms have also been a strong emphasis of the farmed animal movement, making this a unique opportunity to study the effectiveness of this strategy.

The anti-animal-farming movement as this report describes it is weighted towards the Western and particularly the US movement, as this is where the author has the most familiarity, so readers from other regions may see different similarities


Slavery still being a natural, necessary, and normal state of the world, and assertions of the economic importance of Slavery, racist rationalizations for European dominion over Africans were gaining traction, as was scientific racism.[32]

Slavery was commonplace at this time even in places that would a century later become strongholds of antislavery. In 1703, for instance, some 42% of New York households held Slaves.[33]

In 1729 two officials named Yorke and Talbot stated a formal “opinion” that Slaves did not become free upon baptism or setting foot in England, as some claimed.[34] The same year, Benjamin Franklin published Ralph Sandiford’s book attacking Slavery, entitled A Brief Examination of the Practice of the Times.

In 1730 several chapters of Quakers publicly stated opposition to the transatlantic Slave trade like the Germantown Quakersagainst Slavery. He published a text on Quaker complicity and, at a Meeting for Worship, entered clothed as a soldier with a sword, spoke at length on the evils of Slavery, and pierced his Bible, which was hollowed out and contained a bladder filled with red juice that splattered onto some Friends to symbolize the blood on Quakers' hands. He was disowned by the Quaker community.[39] Another more prominent Quaker advocate named John Woolman took a gentler approach, and stressed the importance of equality without directly addressing Slave-holders.[40] In 1754, the leadership of the international Quaker community publicly came out against the buying and holding of Slaves, and in 1758 a ban on Slave-holding was instituted in the Quaker community, preventing Slave-holding members from holding positions of authority.[41]


Note that the Quakers were a small and somewhat ostracized community in Great Britain and its American colonies.[42]

Scottish philosopher Francis Hutcheson’s A System of Moral Philosophy, which denounced Slavery, was published posthumously in 1759.[43]

Lord Chancellor Hardwick’s successor ruled in 1762 that Slaves were free upon setting foot on English ground.[44]

The Industrial Revolution started in England around 1760, and over the next century it transformed the British economy, infrastructure, and population. Historians have credited it for facilitating political movements for labor rights, electorate expansion, social welfare, education, and other changes.[45] By the late 18th century, Britons had developed an exceptionally strong culture of democracy, confidence in citizen’s rights and liberty, and enthusiastic political interest.[46]

This likely owed to a number of converging developments, such as the improvements to roads inthe already small island, which made it easier to traverse.[47] Great Britain also established the best postal service at the time, which carried not just personal communication but news, and the number of daily newspapers increased both in London and nationally, as did coffeehouses where people could purchase, read, and discuss them.[48] Libraries and bookstores became more popular, as did debate societies, and debates in both the press and Parliament became more vigorous.[49] There was also a lack of censorship, which was extraordinary for the time and gave great freedom to those papers, books, and debates, as well as to future protesters.[50] Britons had little fear of arbitrary rule, and lived under a rule of law such that even the poor, while still unprivileged by the judicial system,


to a free clinic run by William Sharp, whose brother Granville Sharp was shocked by his condition and asked him about his experience. William Sharp arranged for him to receive treatment at a hospital, where he recovered for four months, after which the Sharp brothers secured his employment as an errand boy. Two years later, Strong’s former owner saw him in the street, followed him home, and had Slave hunters capture him and take him to a city jail to be detained until he could sell him to a ship headed for the West Indies. Strong appealed to Granville Sharp for help, and Sharp took the case to court, where the judge discharged him because he “had not stolen anything, and was not guilty of any offence.” Strong’sBenezet published a piece titled A Caution and Warning to Great Britain and Her Colonies in a Short Representation of The Calamitous State of The Enslaved Negroes in The British Dominions in 1766, and by 1768 1,500 copies had been printed in England and were given to every available MP.[64] Benezet believed black humans to be equal in their capabilities and worth to white humans, which was rare even for antislavery advocates.[65]

In 1769, Scottish philosopher Adam Ferguson published Institutes of Moral Philosophy which contained denunciations of Slavery.[66] Sharp published A Representation of the Injustice and Dangerous Tendency of Tolerating Slavery; or of Admitting the Least Claim of Private Property in the Persons of Men, in England, concluding that anyone who lived in England was a subject of the


case of James Somerset, who had been bought in Boston and brought to England, and who sued for his freedom when his owner tried to take him to Jamaica. Somerset was being detained on a ship and Sharp secured a writ of habeas corpus from Lord Mansfield, the Lord Chief Justice, ordering his release from the ship so he could be brought to court.[71] In response to the impending trial, multiple newspapers published editorials denouncing Slavery.[72] Sharp made the unconventional move of sending antislavery material to the Prime Minister.[73]

When the trial started, Francis Hargrave, one of Somerset’s lawyers, asserted that because Somerset was being held for the reason that he was owned by Charles Stewart, the question at hand was whether Slavery was legal in England, regardless ofLewis’s owner had lost him, along with the brig on which he was being transported, to a Spanish privateer, and later found and recaptured him. In the case Mansfield stressed that break in the chain of property, and the jury found the owner guilty and Lewis was released.[78]

Mansfield eventually decided that the question at hand was whether or not colonial Slave law was binding in England or positive law established Slavery in England.[79] He seemed primarily concerned with the ramifications his judgement would have either way.[80] He determined that neither villeinage nor contractual slavery applied to the present case.[81] He then suggested that Stewart resolve the matter privately by manumitting Somerset, which he did not.[82] Further press ensued, including a knowledgeable and outraged letter in the Gazetter signed


the West Indies shot up. Prices remained high throughout and after the American Revolution.[109]

In 1775 the first abolitionist society was founded, by Quakers, in the British colony of Philadelphia.[110] Thomas Paine was a founding member and wrote a letter to Americans arguing against Slavery,[111] and as his later “Rights of Man” would become famous among revolutionaries and the broader public, his support of abolition may have influenced supporters of his other views on justice to oppose Slavery as well.

With signs of rebellion in America that year, Great Britain offered freedom to Slaves of American rebels who deserted their owners to join the British army, and gave the first 300 uniforms with the words “Liberty to Slaves.” This was merely a tactical use of the Slaves, and liberty forstarting a war with the kingdom.[115] The Declaration of Independence established the American identity as one committed to liberty and equality.[116]

The British offer to free deserting American Slaves was later extended to Slaves who deserted rebel owners merely to cross into British territory, whether they volunteered to fight or not.[117] America initially barred black participation in its military, but shortly allowed free black men and then Slaves to enlist, with a promise of freedom for Slaves and compensation for their owners.[118]

Americans had similar governance to Great Britain and similarly poorly treated white laborers, but its antislavery movement would take longer to take off. This difference may owe in part to how Britons had a much easier time communicating with all corners of their much smaller region in a


a criminal prosecution, as “the Blacks were property.”[140]

1783 also saw a Massachusetts judiciary ruling that its constitutional declaration, put down three years prior, that all men are born free and equal, had the force of immediately abolishing Slavery, which the state did.[141]

Also in 1783, William Wilberforce, a Tory Member of Parliament who later became the Parliamentary leader of abolition, met a man named James Ramsay, and had what may have been his first serious conversation about the institution of Slavery.[142] Ramsay was a ship’s doctor who had witnessed the conditions on a Slave ship in 1759 and lived in a French colony in the West Indies for some time as a minister, preaching to enslaved individuals and welcoming them into his home, to the outrage of local planters.[143]

GreatBritain accepted America’s independence in 1783 after eight years of war.[144] American and British negotiators agreed that the American Slaves the British had freed and enlisted would be returned to their American owners,[145] but the British and American commanders disputed this for some time and the Slaves’ recapture never came to pass, though four decades later Great Britain paid the Slaves’ owners or their heirs half the value of their appropriated property.[146] The 1780s saw an increase in the black population in Great Britain and particularly in London, as many of those freed Slaves came to England. They seem to have been accepted as members of the community, though not as equals — for instance, white people were privileged in hiring and many black people remained in poverty.[147]


But the public may have had significant sympathy for the black community as many were veterans, a status they respected.[148]

Great Britain’s loss of America inspired a wealth of patriotic arguments against Slavery, perhaps because Britons felt a need to prove their commitment to principles of liberty after America liberated itself from them and founded itself on principles of liberty.[149] This may have been compounded by some American antislavery advocates and states which had passed abolition or emancipation asserting that the liberation of their Slaves followed from their own struggle for liberation.[150] Half of Great Britain’s Slaves, who were in the American colonies, were also now American property and only 20% as many Slaves were being shipped to British colonies.[151]

1783 was also the year in which British Quakers presentedhad long since taken up opposition to Slavery and had experience agitating for their own causes,[155] but they were politically ostracized and socially marginalized by a largely Anglican community.[156]

The Quakers also published The Case of Our Fellow Creatures, the Oppressed Africans, respectfully recommended to the serious Consideration of the Legislature of Great Britain by the people called Quakers, which argued that the abolition of the Slave trade was “required by the calls of justice and humanity, but is also consistent with sound policy.”[157]

The next year William Wilberforce began to reflect on his life, and with the advice of his reverend John Newton and his college friend and now Prime Minister William Pitt, left off many of the indulgences of his upper-class lifestyle and began devoting himself to causes


reform, achieved great notoriety among planters and received substantial positive press.[163] The British had been aware since the 1760s that Spanish South American colonies had offices of Slave protectors to mediate disputes between Slaves and their owners — one of the changes Ramsay proposed Great Britain adopt — but were apparently uninterested in implementing such laws themselves.[164] James Phillips, the abolitionists’ printer, shortly published another essay by Ramsay on the positive consequences for Great Britain of ending the trade,[165] which was of little interest to the press, though the press did publish some letters in the ensuing drama between himself and several planters who slandered and attacked him.[166]

That year Dr. Peter Peckard, a clergyman who had heard of the Zong case the year before and was disturbed byit, condemned the whole transatlantic Slave trade in a sermon, and the next year, after he became Vice Chancellor of Cambridge University, he assigned a prestigious Latin essay contest the question, “Is it lawful to make slaves of others against their will?”[167] A divinity student named Thomas Clarkson, who had no extraordinary prior knowledge of Slavery, entered the contest merely with an ambition to win, but through his research he became intensely uneasy with the institution. He won the contest, and with his thoughts now consumed by Slavery, he decided someone had to stop it.[168]

Neither Sharp nor the Quakers promoting antislavery received enough public notice to be known to Clarkson at the time. A Quaker and family friend of Clarkson’s, who had heard of his essay, approached him


and introduced him to the Quaker group of abolitionists in London, including their printer, who published Clarkson’s essay.[169] They recruited Clarkson — an Anglican — to be their public face, and enlisted Sharp as a chairman to sign their letters to Members of Parliament, knowing both men would be taken more seriously than the Quakers.[170] From then, Clarkson was a tireless and radical advocate, and travelled throughout Great Britain regularly to acquire information and witnesses and to organize supporters.

In 1783 the Marquis de Lafayette had asked George Washington, his old commander, to join him in purchasing land where Slaves could work as free tenants, in the hope that Washington’s participation would set a precedent for such action. Three years later, the Marquis and his wife bought two plantationsand their Slaves, freed them, gave them land, and taught them to become independent farmers.[171] Their effort to establish such practice as a norm appears to have been unsuccessful.

Around this time, many charitable societies and committees were springing up in London, and in 1786 a Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor was established by a philanthropist and pamphleteer who held various eccentric opinions.[172] Several notables donated to the relief committee, and its most generous funders were abolitionists who regarded black relief as part of the abolitionist cause.[173] The committee devised a plan to resettle former Slaves in a colony in Africa, which for abolitionists including Sharp sounded like a brilliant plan that would both help poor former Slaves and prove that Africa had resources beyond Slave


black people who were otherwise interested in relocation, but after both the founder of the project and the local proponent fell ill and died, Sharp was left in charge, which alleviated their worries as he had by that time established himself as a committed antislavery advocate. Parliament agreed to provide transport and three month’s worth of supplies.[177] Sharp laid out detailed plans for the organization of the colony, Olaudah Equiano was enlisted as a commissary — and fired last-minute after an argument with the white superintendent — and the next year 459 passengers boarded the ships — two dozen or so of whom deserted last minute with Equiano — including seventy prostitutes who were married to the black men,[178] presumably to rid London of them, and several whitepeople who were recruited for their skills.[179]

Their destination was not nearly as bountiful as promised; the white settlers did not recognize the black elected leadership; and they arrived to heavy rains which both prevented them from planting seeds in already difficult ground and brought malaria. More than a quarter of the settlers died in the first four months.[180] As supplies wore thin, many settlers, black and white, abandoned the settlement to seek jobs in the local economy — which was dominated by the Slave trade. Sharp was furious with them, particularly the former Slaves, for going to work in the Slave trade, even though they didn’t have much if any alternative.[181]

The ideological divide on Slavery between the US North and South was by this time well established, and


as the framers were writing the Constitution, they engaged in significant arguments around Slavery,[182] which Britons may have been privy to. Under the threat of the Southern states refusing to join the Union, it was ultimately decided that the Constitution would give Slave states excess representation — known as the Three-Fifths Compromise — and require that fugitive Slaves be returned to their owners, in addition to protecting the trade in Southern states for the next twenty years.[183] The Continental Congress did ordain, however, that new states in the Northwest Territory would ban Slavery.[184]

1787: Formation of the Abolition Committee

In late 1787 Jamaica passed a new Consolidated Slave Act, to take effect the following year, based on Edward Long’s proposals from a decade earlier. The law included minimum requirements forEvil and Wicked Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, which the public took so much interest in that it went through three printings that year and was translated into French.[199]

Clarkson travelled to the major Slave ports of Bristol and Liverpool to acquire information on the Slave trade.[200] On his way he learned of how traders were often very cruel people, including to white sailors, possibly owing more to the corrupting influence of their experience than to a selection effect. He heard of several officers who murdered white sailors, and tried and failed multiple times to prosecute such officers.[201]

On his travels, Clarkson found that the Slave trading port of Liverpool was very hostile to — and physically unsafe for — abolitionists.[202] But in Manchester, where


the Industrial Revolution was sprouting, despite significant economic involvement with the trade — they sold a great deal of goods to Slave ships, namely cloth, which was made from Slave-picked cotton — one in five people signed a petition for the abolition of the trade.[203] Bear in mind that only men could sign.[204] Soon after, in early 1788, Manchester advocates sent letters to the chief magistrates of every major town in Great Britain as well as to other influential persons, and spent a significant sum to advertise their petition in newspapers.[205]

The same month John Newton published an opinionated and informative pamphlet titled Thoughts Upon the African Slave Trade. Newton had several decades prior been impressed into the navy and he was a Slave trader for some time. Nowhe was a renowned preacher and hymn writer, who wrote the hymn “Amazing Grace” a decade before this, which would later become an emblem of civil rights in the US.[206] He had not expressed opposition to Slavery in the thirty-four years since leaving the trade — including at the time when he wrote “Amazing Grace,” contrary to popular fiction — so his pamphlet may be an indicator of a sudden awakening of concern in Great Britain. The pamphlet was immediately popular, and the Abolition Committee sent a copy to every Member of Parliament.[207] The committee also published an interview with a doctor Clarkson had met who had been on several Slave ships much more recently.[208]

Debate societies had hardly touched the topic of Slavery before, but in February of


Academy.[214] Deciding they needed international advocacy to solve an international problem, the Abolition Committee had their pamphlets translated into the languages of the other nations involved in the transatlantic Slave trade. They sent letters to these other powers, and an American sympathizer sent a copy of Clarkson’s essay to the governor of every US state. The committee appears to have been very committed to meticulous organization and efficiency.[215] They also sent newsletters to supporters and appeals for further contributions from donors, which was new at the time, like much of what they did, as charitable interest groups were unheard of.[216]

Petitions received by Parliament in 1788 for either the abolition or reform of the transatlantic Slave trade outnumbered all other petitions presented that year. While previously most petitions tothe abolitionist campaign achieving its goals, British merchants threatened to take their business to other nations, and moved significant capital to France that year.[219]

Though the white abolitionists of the Abolition Committee knew Equiano and other former Slaves in London, there are no records of former Slaves strategizing with them or being interviewed for their stories. In general, antislavery advocates appear to have seen themselves more as lifting Slaves out of their abject misery than raising black humans to equality.[220] Their elite Parliament may also have been easier to move through pity than a plea for equality.[221] Nonetheless, Equiano had become a public figure, writing a number of strong letters to London newspapers, and signing — and likely also drafting — a few letters from groups of black men


in London. He spoke resolutely and did not temper his opinions for his audience, even praising interracial marriage, which white abolitionists would not endorse.[222]

Wilberforce was unable to raise the question of the transatlantic Slave trade in Parliament in the 1788 session due to illness.[223] But Sir William Dolben, another MP who was a friend of Wilberforce’s, took a group of MPs to see a Slave ship on the Thames, and a Slave Trade Act was subsequently passed 56-5.[224] This was the first regulation of the British trade. It limited the number of Slaves a ship could transport, required every ship to have a doctor, and required every ship to record the deaths of Slaves and crew. The Abolitionist Committee worried that this would subvert the idea that thetrade was fundamentally unjust. The act was weakened by amendments and often evaded.[225]

Abolitionists also applied pressure for official investigation of the trade, which resulted in ongoing hearings for a year. Though those hearings took place before the Privy Council’s Committee on Trade and Plantations, which had limited political power, they put substantial information about the trade on public record. People who had worked in the trade in various capacities gave testimony, some advocating for and others against the trade. Though the president of the committee was supportive of Slavery, he was thorough in retrieving information.[226] At that time, no other country’s government had investigated the trade. Clarkson brought a case of Slave subjugation tools like shackles, a punishment collar, and a speculum oris, as well as samples of


African goods like wood specimens, cinnamon, cloth, and ornaments, to the hearings, along with a rope knotted into a large ball to illustrate how some sailors were beaten to death. The Privy Council did not call on any former Slaves to testify, but Equiano wrote a long letter to the committee’s president and published it in a London newspaper. Clarkson travelled far and wide to find witnesses to the horrific conditions of the transatlantic Slave trade, but many would not give their names for fear of not being able to work in the trade again.[227]

On his travels throughout Great Britain, Clarkson helped establish local abolitionist committees. The chairman of the Plymouth committee produced the famous diagram of the Brookes ship, which the London committee reworked and expanded, actuallylobby convinced the House of Lords to push the bill back to hold their own hearings.[247]

Clarkson had planned to travel again to collect new witnesses and organize more supporters, but then the Bastille was stormed and talk of democracy was in the air in France, so the British abolitionists decided someone should coordinate efforts with French abolitionists, and he headed for Paris.[248] Soon after he arrived the French National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.[249] One of its contributors was the Marquis de Lafayette.[250] French newspapers accused Clarkson of being a British spy, published his address in Paris, and accused the local abolitionist group of arming black people in the colonies. The French abolitionists discovered two spies in their ranks, likely the responsibility


of the French planter lobby, and faced a few other troubles. The lobby also sent an agent to London to spy on abolitionist activities there.[251] After half a year of organizing with poor success, it was clear to Clarkson and the French abolitionists that France was too absorbed in its massive revolution to concern itself with the transatlantic Slave trade, and that the Rights of Man was only meant for white men.[252]

Also in 1789, Spain drafted a law to regulate Slavery in all its colonies. Though the law merely outlined existing common practice more than it proposed greater restriction, planters resisted and succeeded in preventing the proposed law from being implemented.[253]

Insistent that his plan for the Sierra Leone colony succeed, Sharp sent another ship of black and whitesettlers, many of whom abandoned the settlement, like those before them, to seek food and shelter with the Slave trade — the only work the local economy made available to them. The relief committee and the government had no further role in the colony after its original settlers first arrived, so Sharp and other abolitionists established a private corporation, the Sierra Leone Company, to continue trade with the colony, which was unprofitable. A British navy ship fired a shot that set a neighboring Sierra Leone village on fire, and its chief gave the British settlers three days to evacuate. After three days he burnt the settlement to the ground, and remaining settlers were evacuated on the canoes of Slave traders.[254]

Equiano also wrote an autobiography in 1789, The Interesting


Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, the African, Written by Himself, which quickly became a bestseller in England and a popular read abroad, and was published in several editions and translations.[255] Many MPs, dukes, professors, and other persons of influence ordered a copy.[256] Equiano prefaced each new edition with endorsements and lists of prominent patrons. The book appealed to the Queen of England to grant Africans “the rights and situation of men.”[257] It bothered little with descriptions of the middle passage or what were by then publicly familiar economic arguments against the trade, and mostly spoke of his own journey from freedom, to Slavery, and into freedom again. He made use of the most popular forms of literature at the time — stories ofadventure, riches-to-rags-to-riches, and finding God.[258] He also presented himself as a courageous and compassionate hero taking risks to help those still trapped as he had been.[259]

Equiano toured the country to speak about his book, and tens of thousands of Britons were able to see Slavery through the eyes of a former Slave.[260] He even went to the Slave port of Bristol, which seemed dangerous for any black person or abolitionist.[261] As he would find, new and growing manufacturing cities were especially favorable to antislavery.[262] He was also well-received in Ireland, where the people felt oppressed themselves and were advocating for better representation.[263] White Britons, who largely thought of Africans as illiterate heathens, now saw an African who had earned his freedom through skillful tradesmanship and the hard work


British culture valued, who was literate, Christian, intellectually curious, patriotic, and compassionate towards white sailors, and who had learned to play the French horn. He also flattered his British readers, even stroking their white supremacism by noting that the British “did not sell one another, as we [Africans] did” and saying he was “astonished at the wisdom of the white people in all things I saw.”[264]

In 1790, particularly around the time of Parliament’s sitting, Wilberforce had many visitors, and hosted a dinner once a week for his abolitionist friends, who also met often at the Parliament Coffee House.[265]

That round of Parliamentary hearings ended in early 1791, and in the few weeks they had, the abolitionists distilled 1,700 pages of House of Commons testimony and the 850 pages ofincluding a rebellion of free biracial people in St. Domingue later that year, which was started among others by Vincent Ogé, the man whose travel Clarkson had financially supported.[283] In August, the island’s Slaves rose up again in what would become known as the Haitian Revolution,[284] the only instance of rebelling Slaves achieving colony-wide freedom. Many Slaves throughout the colonies had overheard talk of the “rights of men” and knew about Wilberforce and the abolitionists in Great Britain, and the Slaves of French-controlled St. Domingue were mostly born free in Africa and so had known freedom, in addition to which likely many had fought in wars before.[285] Hearing about the French Revolution and seeing some of its influence on rebellious local white laborers[286] may have encouraged them and


the free black people of the island to revolt. A Slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led the guerilla militia of Slaves. When the violent rebellion broke out in the North of St. Domingue, France reversed a very recent decree allowing some biracial men to vote, which compelled biracial people in the South to rebel.[287]

Other famous revolts that had already happened and failed in the British West Indies by this time include Jamaica’s First Maroon War of 1731 and Tacky’s War, also in Jamaica, in 1760. Other revolts of various scales would start and fail — in the colonies and aboard ships, sometimes succeeding in the latter case[288] — before abolition and emancipation.

The planters of St. Domingue offered the colony to England.[289]

1792: Gradual Abolition Passes in Commons, Postponed by Lords

In1792, Great Britain was abuzz with enthusiasm for abolition, and the sugar boycott reached its peak.[290]

Presumably to quell the rebellion on St. Domingue, France changed its mind on black rights again and gave full rights to all free black people. St. Domingue plunged into further disorder when white royalists and republicans in the colony started a civil war. The republicans promised freedom to Slaves who joined them.[291] The rebellion came to the attention of Britons, who were horrified by it, in early 1792, several months after it started.[292] St. Domingue produced a third of the world’s sugar and more than half of its coffee, among other crops, with double the annual production of all the British islands combined. The colony accounted for a third of France’s foreign trade,


Clarence, a member of the House of Lords and the third son of King George III, asserted that he was “an attentive observer” of the state of the Slaves and claimed they “were not treated in the manner which had so much agitated the public mind,” dismissing the wealth of evidence Parliament now had as insufficiently “full and substantial” without bringing forward his own evidence, and then repeating the standard argument and widely-held belief that the empire’s economy, navy, and colonies required the continuance of the transatlantic Slave trade.[315] Another member of the Lords declared the Slaves appeared so happy he wished he were a Slave.[316]

An Irish statesman named Edmund Burke, who in 1780 had written but apparently not shared a potential British Slave code for the regulationwhen all the powers in the trade would agree together to abolish it, and asserted that Great Britain, as the dominant player in the trade, not only had the most guilt but would in abolishing the trade set an example other nations would look up to. To the objection that Africans would never achieve civilization, he offered that ancient Romans, on finding the people of England committing human slavery and sacrifice, could just as well have asserted that they would never achieve civilization.[320]

The Commons voted against the immediate abolition of the trade 158-109, but passed a proposal for its abolition effective January 1, 1796, by a 151-132 vote.[321] The House of Lords — which is comprised of appointed and hereditary nobility — had no interest in abolition, and


stalled with their own hearings, which were dominated by Slave interests, until Parliament adjourned for the year, killing the bill.[322]

The French Revolution made the British government nervous, as news came to London of massacres of aristocrats, clergy, and royalists, and the capture and now execution of King Louis XVI.[323] Great Britain entered the war against France in 1793 and Wilberforce brought his bill to the Commons a mere two weeks after the declaration of war. It failed 53-61.[324] This decreased support may owe in part to a lull in interest given urgent priorities of war, and in part to the possibility of Great Britain’s stake in the transatlantic Slave trade increasing substantially if it could take over French colonies.[325] Two months later Wilberforce brought forward a bill forthe abolition of the trade to foreign powers, which failed 29-31, and the Commons denied to hear a bill for the abolition of the trade to British colonies.[326] Great Britain sent troops to invade St. Domingue in an attempt to seize the colony from France.[327]

The abolitionists were growing more disheartened, and Clarkson was experiencing severe anxiety and burnout.[328] The French Revolution also ignited a public scare and erosion of civil liberties in Great Britain. A friend of Clarkson’s was charged with treason for gathering people with guns to defend his house against a mob[329]; debate societies were shut down, as was a working-class organization that advocated universal male suffrage; troops stopped peaceful demonstrators planting a tree representing liberty; and radical groups were infiltrated by government spies.[330] Progressive politics


an orator who was soon convicted of conspiracy, thousands of metalworkers endorsed both republican reform and emancipation for Slaves.[334]

In St. Domingue in the fall of 1793, some Slaves were declared free, after which all Slaves in the North were emancipated, though this changed their lives little as they were still bound to their owners. Then a Civil Commissioner with apparent sympathy for the French Revolution and emancipation freed his Slaves and encouraged other planters in the West to do the same, which they did. In early 1794 France emancipated all of its Slaves, prompted by the revolt in its prized St. Domingue, weak control of the colony, and incursions by Great Britain and Spain in the colony, though the Slaves continued their resistance because their lives were hardlyimproved.[335]

In early 1794, the Commons passed a ban on the trade in Slaves to foreign powers 56-38,[336] but the Lords presumably postponed it because nothing came of it.[337]

A month later, the United States Congress restricted American participation in foreign Slave trading to the best of its ability without violating the constitutional limitation on abolishing the trade.[338]

The British Army started buying Slaves in 1795 which increased Great Britain’s interest in the trade. Prime Minister Pitt stopped talking about abolition around this time,[339] and the Seditious Meetings Act passed that year restricted public meetings to fifty people,[340] halting public Slavery meetings and limiting antislavery activity for the next decade.[341]

A colony of free black people in Jamaica revolted after their leaders were seized en route to discuss grievances with local officials.[342]


The governor of Jamaica advocated the use of bloodhounds to subdue the rebellious Slaves, which the British public, along with the King and many MPs, opposed so thoroughly that the governor’s friends in Parliament felt compelled to not defend him.[343]

War was taking a significant toll on enlisted British men, and survivors returned home with stories of the terrible conditions of Slaves used in the military, and of Slaves fighting to free themselves.[344]

In 1796, Wilberforce’s bill failed in the Commons 70-74. It seems would have passed if a handful of supportive MPs were not attending the opera, a trip allegedly sponsored by Slavery supporters.[345]

St. Domingue’s uprising had inspired revolts in other colonies and American states, and a British General fighting self-freed Slaves on St. Lucia attempted to make peacehis impression changed, and like many soldiers who came to the colonies with no attachments to the institution, he did not like what he saw.[350]

By the time Great Britain captured Trinidad from Spain in 1797, antislavery sentiment had grown strong in Great Britain again, and both Parliament and the Colonial Office were debating the abolition of the trade and the amelioration of the harsh conditions faced by Slaves in the West Indies. The British were exposed to the Spanish laws and customs of their new island, whose slaving tradition was regarded as more benevolent. The island had, for instance, a Protector of Slaves, and liberal manumission practices.[351] Iberia had maintained its links with ancient Roman chattel slavery custom through the Middle Ages, so the Spanish slave code acknowledged


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The certificate covers the entire Education, Training and Development process: analysing a learning need, identifying a skills gap in your organisation, developing the learning material, presenting the learning programmes, assessing learning, moderation to ensure quality of learning and assessment, workplace mentoring to assist learners in achieving their maximum potential and co-coordinating the learning programmes. In doing this your organisation can ensure full compliance, enjoy a strong return on investment and become empowered.

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‘Learning’ will help you get ahead in your career. The National Diploma in OD ETD enablesvilla on a street called Glen Noble estate in Cleland, Lanarkshire.

But friends of the hapless heroin addict from Kilmarnock's Onthank housing scheme fear he is being used by Tolland and his associate, who have just set up their showbiz company TNT Management.

Tolland got four years at the High Court in Edinburgh in 2006 for being concerned in the supply of cocaine.

His gangster associate was arrested in April after cocaine and firearms were found in a pub in Glasgow.

He was released and police are continuing to investigate. He is also at the centre of a gangland feud which saw a relative shot when two men fired at his flash Audi earlier this year.

The self-styled showbiz agents have told Marvin they can make him a fortune - and get him


happen. But if people want stories out of him from now on, they're going to have to start paying."

One source who knows Marvin and Dayna said: "They have been dazzled by this pair. They've told them that they can help them make fortunes and make a better life for themselves.

"When it became known that they were acting for Marvin and Dayna, it raised a few eyebrows.

"They're not usually the kind of guys who want to deal with the media."

Last night, Marvin made his first personal appearance arranged by his new agents - at a cage fighting exhibition in Bellahouston, Glasgow.

He arrived with Tolland and his associate at the event before posing for photos with fans and climbing into the ring for a round of applause.

Tolland lives in afive-bedroom house in Drumpellier, Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, which is currently on the market for offers over £279,995.

One neighbour, who did not want to be named, said: "We've seen all sorts of cars parked outside that house and young guys coming and going all the time.

"We think the place is rented but we've no idea who's living in there."

Tolland also owns a £200,000 home in Wishaw, Lanarkshire, which he bought 12 months before he was jailed for drug dealing alongside failed Albanian asylum seeker Eva Kajanaku and another man, Frank Ujfalusi.

Kajanaku got seven years and Ujfalusi was sentenced to four years and three months.

It is understood that Tolland's family purchased the property now earmarked as Marvin and Dayna's new home in Glen Noble for £239,000 in August 2005.

Marvin became a


household name last year when he took part in the shocking flyon-the-wall BBC documentary The Scheme.

Cameras followed the heroin addict as he went about life in Kilmarnock's Onthank scheme when he was filmed with his on-off fiancee Dayna and beloved dog Bullet.

When the first two episodes were repeated on BBC Scotland last month, Monday's show pulled in a huge 524,800 viewers while the Tuesday re-run was watched by 499,300.

And he became the unlikely star of the series - branded "poverty porn" by critics who accused producers of exploiting their unwitting stars - with his "happy as Larry" catchphrase and brushes with the law.

Marvin was arrested after allegedly being caught with diazepam and also attacking Dayna on a bus.

When we contacted Dayna on Friday night she said: "Everything Marvincreated to help older homeowners, typically.

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Shah Rukh Khan dubs Hindi prologue for Pazhassi Raja

MUMBAI: Shah Rukh Khan has dubbed the prologue for the Hindi version of the Mammooty-starrer Pazhassi Raja that is being made simultaneously in five languages including Hindi and English.

Khan joins the bandwagon of the film that already has names like Mammootty, Sarath Kumar, Gyanpeeth award winner M T Vasudevan Nair, T Hariharan, music maestro Ilayaraja and Resool Pookutty associated with it. When the film‘s director T Hariharan approached Khan for the film, he readily agreed to do the prologue without even charging a penny.

Elaborating on this, Praveen VC, executive producer of the movie says, "Shah Rukh comes from the family of freedom fighters and feels happy to be associated with such project".

While the Tamil version of the film was also


given its due worth when superstar Kamal Hassan dubbed the prologue, the Malayalam original has Mohanlal introducing PazhassiRaja to the audiences through a 45-second prologue.

The film tells the tale about Pazhassi Raja played by Mammootty, a native king of Waynad in Malabar area of Kerala and said to be one of the first freedom fighters who started a guerilla war against the British.

Apart from Mammootty, the film also stars Sarath Kumar, Manoj K. Jayan, Thilakan, Padmapriya, Kanika and Jagathi Sreekumar in other pivotal roles. The roles of the East India officials have been essayed by Peter Handley Evans and Harry Key among others.Very, very sad news: It has been confirmed that Jay Reatard has died. He was 29 years old. More details are forthcoming.

Goner Records writes, "It is with great sadness that we report the passing of our good friend Jay Reatard. Jay died in his sleep last night. We will pass along information about funeral arrangements when they are made public." The Memphis Commerical Appeal reports that Reatard was found in his home at 3:30 am this morning.

Reatard, born Jimmy Lee Lindsey Jr., was a staple of the Memphis garage rock scene for years before bursting on the national scene with 2006's Blood Visions and subsequently signing to Matador. His most recent album, Watch Me Fall, came out last year.

A statement from Matador reads, "Jay was as full of