and Cuyahoga County into a party in his own image, dedicated to social reform.

Johnson was successful in public life not only because of his remarkable talent as an organizer and leader of men but also because of the simplicity and directness of his goal. He did not suffer from any multiplicity or confusion of ideas; he was steadfastly faithful to the beliefs of his mentor, Henry George. There was one social wrong, the inequality of opportunity; one social remedy, to restore equality of opportunity and secure for each worker the product of his labor by eliminating monopoly and special privilege. The term “Privilege”* (*To give emphasis to the importance Johnson assigned to the term “Privilege,” his practice of capitalizing it has been followed.) meant the same to himas it did to Jones and Gladden; it applied to all businesses which profited from the labor of others because of legal protection from competition. The benefits the law conferred, Johnson grouped into five categories in order of their importance: the under-taxation of land—particularly, idle land—which was the foundation of “land monopolies”; other forms of tax favoritism, such as tariff protection, which created “tax monopolies”; special grants to railroads, which were the bases for “transportation monopolies”; franchise grants to urban utilities, which led to “municipal monopolies”; and patent restrictions, which undergirded “patent monopolies.”

To Johnson the greatest movement of the times was the struggle of the people against Privilege. So far, Privilege had had the best of the contest because it was alert and quick to act and had


been backed by the press, legislature, and courts. He conceived it to be his mission to assume leadership of the people’s cause, to awaken them to this threat to their liberty, and to channel their latent power in support of a change that would bring them relief. How was the battle to be won? Not by political changes—replacing the present owners of monopolies by more virtuous men or exchanging a Democratic for a Republican political boss—but only by an economic change would the people be able to rout their adversary. The economic reform that would benefit the people of Cleveland most directly was public ownership of the street railway, electric, gas, and telephone utilities, then in private hands. Such a change would eliminate franchise grants, which were atand non-discriminatory. He preferred to concentrate his attack against those trusts that existed because of law-made favors or restrictions.

Because of his single-minded dedication to one remedy, he had much less to say on labor questions than did Jones and Gladden. Moreover, while he was not unsympathetic, he lacked their deep concern for the workingman. As an employer Johnson had always paid good wages and encouraged his men to join unions. Although he did not think that trade unionism would ever solve the basic problem of labor, he did believe in unions as a means of achieving the solidarity and uplift of the workers. The true solution for labor, as for all groups, was the elimination of monopolies.

To open the war against Privilege, Johnson chose the street railways of


Cleveland as his first target because of his intimate knowledge of their operation and structure. He might have been deterred from this choice by the impossibility of imposing his favored solution of municipal ownership on the traction lines, which the Ohio statutes did not then permit. But he had already conceived a scheme by which he might accomplish many of the same benefits through another approach that he had developed in Detroit with the assistance of that city’s reform mayor, Hazen S. Pingree.

It will be recalled that Johnson in the mid-nineties completely modernized the Detroit street railways for a private concern. Mayor Pingree became convinced that the new, efficient system could operate profitably at reduced fares, and to his surprise the traction manager agreed, for Johnson had bypublic at cost. In 1899 the two co-operated in trying to sell the Detroit transit network to such a holding company, but the sale was defeated after the opposition claimed that the purchase price was too high. Nevertheless, Johnson’s faith in this solution remained undimmed.

For nine years the fight raged in Cleveland between the Mayor and the private owners of the traction lines. Its details, which have been recorded many times by both participants and observers, lie outside the concern of this book. It is sufficient to say that it aroused the citizens of Cleveland in a way that few other issues have before or since. It was a central question in all five of Johnson’s campaigns for mayor; it was fought in the newspapers, the council chamber,


and the courts. The city streets became the scenes of near-pitched battles. It required all of the Mayor’s daring, energy, and knowledge to win a temporary victory in 1907 for his solution: the operation of the consolidated street railways of the city by a holding company on a three-cent-fare, or cost, basis. But mismanagement, misjudg-ment, a costly strike, and inattention to public relations produced a popular revulsion against the Mayor’s remedy. The people, in a referendum election, voted down the franchise grant to the holding company. Nevertheless, Johnson had only lost a battle, not the war. The final settlement which came in 1910, after he was out of office, incorporated his principles. The new franchise set a fair return of 6 per cent on actual investment and substituteda sliding scale for a fixed rate to assure such a return. For a three-year period from 1911 to 1914 the actual fare was three cents, with free transfers, thus proving the reasonableness of Johnson’s prediction.

The street-railway contest has been criticized for the intensely hostile feelings it aroused and for the legacy of enmities it left. The Mayor has been accused of insincerity, duplicity, demagoguery, even nepotism and peculation—charges which the record does not sustain. The most he was guilty of was poor judgment, lack of tact, obstinacy, and a certain business impropriety. He himself shrugged off the false accusations, confident that his purpose was worthy and high-minded. To him and his group the fight was a great educational campaign, exposing, on the one hand, the nature and


power of Privilege, and, on the other, awakening a popular interest in the importance of municipal ownership.

He was able to give an even more direct stimulus to the acceptance of this principle by demonstrating the practical benefits of municipal ownership in the operation of those services that the Ohio statutes then permitted cities to own and manage. A start was made in providing light and power by the annexation to Cleveland of two villages that already possessed municipal light plants. However, the further expansion of the city’s system of electric power, which the Mayor fervently desired and the private electric utility as fervently opposed, had to be subordinated to the prolonged street-railway fight. But there were other activities where the resistance was less and the public demand greater.The city, for example, bought out a private garbage company and made refuse collection a municipal service; it took over street-cleaning and the lighting of street gas lamps, instead of jobbing the work to private contractors.

Indirectly Johnson endeavored to inspire confidence in municipal ownership by making Cleveland one of the best-governed cities in the country. He determined to eliminate politics from the municipal water works, which had become a nest of party hacks. Edward W. Bemis, an economist trained in public-utility statistics and devoted to municipal ownership, was placed in charge. People scoffed at this “professor-in-politics.” There was near rebellion in the ranks of the Democratic organization when Bemis proceeded to substitute the merit for the spoils system, turning loose a Kansas cyclone in the water-works office. Johnson


and efficiency was introduced into the department of health by the appointment of the German-born Dr. Martin Friedrich. Building inspection was completely reorganized under a new code which strengthened the city’s hand in eradicating tenement rookeries. A purchasing department was established to introduce business methods and gain the economies from large-scale buying.

As these reforms suggest, the Mayor looked upon Cleveland as a great corporation with himself as chairman of the board, the other city officers as directors, and the people as stockholders. In the spirit of a business executive with the best interest of his stockholders at heart, he supported actions that seemed to run counter to his principles. It was the cause of some wonderment that this advocate of municipal ownership should endorse a franchise grant tothe promotion of the community’s economic well-being were important, but the realization of Johnson’s vision of ”a City on a Hill” demanded something more. The city should bring beauty and pleasure into the lives of its citizens and a spirit of humanity toward the underprivileged. Johnson made a reality of the Cleveland Group Plan, to which many contributed. The plan embraced the symmetrical grouping of the principal public buildings about a mall lined with formal shade trees, extending from the lake to the public square. It was unique in this country when originated, though other cities soon adopted similar improvements.58 Johnson made the parks recreation centers for the people, removing the “Keep off the Grass” signs and greatly expanding their facilities. Under the direction of Superintendent of Parks


Daniel E. Leslie, playgrounds, sport fields, tennis courts, bathhouses, and gymnasiums were built, and municipal band concerts inaugurated. The city contributed as never before to the joy and health of the community.

In the development of its parks and playgrounds Cleveland followed other cities in the land, but in its handling of underprivileged groups it stood in the forefront. What Jones did for Toledo, Johnson and Cooley did for Cleveland in introducing a number of daring humanitarian reforms. In their fulfillment Johnson supplied the political backing, Cooley the planning and administration. The two approached the problem from the same premise as did Jones: the source of poverty and crime was the unjust social conditions that denied men the opportunity to earn a comfortable living; since society was to blame,to injure property or persons. Although this practice coincided with Cooley’s humanitarian program, Kohler found other reasons to support his system. Quite simply he defended it as one of common sense that brought results. The “Golden Rule” policy was watched all over the United States and adopted in modified form in some cities. In Cleveland it raised a tempestuous controversy which stormed about the character of Kohler as much as about the policy itself.

Johnson had made him chief of police in 1903, partly in restitution for an injustice, partly in recognition of his ability, vigor, and self-reliance. A martinet, he was hated by the police force for his insistence on strict military discipline and for his capri-ciousness. Also something of a sycophant, he knew how to impress people


as Kohler was chief, he would not countenance the slightest suspicion of graft among the men of the department. He won from Theodore Roosevelt the encomium of “the best chief of police in America.” In Newton Baker’s administration Kohler’s career as chief of police came to a sad end; he was removed from his post because of a scandal involving his personal life.

Another and equally important part of the Johnson-Cooley program was the establishment of a farm colony outside of Cleveland to care for the aged, the sick, and the delinquent. Cooley, who had recommended the plan and for whom the farm colony was named, had two motives for this back-to-the-land movement: to furnish land that would afford the inmates the greatest opportunity to use whatever talents theyof character—to make men. He freed the Correction Farm of the trappings of a prison: no striped clothing, no chains, no weapons for the guards. The work in the fields built up the bodies of the inmates; a night school, organized in the House of Correction, taught the illiterate to read and write; a Brotherhood Home in the city furnished lodging for released prisoners and served as an employment agency. On the same principle Cooley operated a Boys Farm at Hudson for minors sent from the juvenile court. He substituted humaneness and dignity for callousness and petty cruelty in the treatment of all the wards of the city. The Cooley plan, which followed, but in certain respects excelled, European farm colonies, attained a fame which crossed the ocean;


in other cities: Joseph W. Folk in St. Louis, Samuel M. Jones and Brand Whitlock in Toledo, George W. Guthrie in Pittsburgh, Edward F. Dunne in Chicago, and William B. Thompson in Detroit. “Cleveland shared Tom Johnson with all its sister municipalities,” the Kansas City Star declared. “Not another city entered a franchise fight, or planned an extension of activity for the general well being, or sought a square deal in any form, that it did not receive help and inspiration from Cleveland’s public servant.” Yet the force of his personality and ideas was not confined to the urban sphere. His contributions to the regeneration of Ohio, though less brilliant, were of a magnitude to place him in the front rank of the state’s reformers.

Author:

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ASHINGTON CFC have pulled off a major coup in the transfer market with the signing of defender Matthew Grieve.

Ashington-born Grieve, 20 – released by Newcastle United at the end of the last campaign – put pen to paper on Tuesday night and will ironically make his debut in a black and white strip on Friday when the Colliers play their final warm up match against the Magpies at Woodhorn Lane.

Speaking exclusively to newspostleader.co.uk, Colliers boss Gary Middleton said: “This is a massive coup for us and I’m thrilled to bits that Matthew has wanted to join his home town club over another massive Northern League outfit and a Football League club.

“He turned down an offer at Leyton Orient this week and


the lens 201 is installed on the holder 101, the installation surface 221a of the lens 201 contacts upper surfaces of the projections 121 (see FIG. 6B).
In the state where the installation surface 221a of the lens 201 is placed on the projections 121 of the holder 101, parts of the cylindrical outer circumferential surface 222 of the flange part 220 face the adhesion catches 131, respectively. Therefore, at each adhesion catch 131, a recessed part sa for adhesion (see FIG. 6B) is formed between an inner face 131 a of the adhesion catch 131 and the cylindrical outer circumferential surface 222 of the lens 201. By injecting an adhesion to each recessed part sa and by letting the adhesion harden, the lens 201 is fixed to theNews

Kings News

Kings on a roll entering Stadium Series game

by
Dan Rosen
/ Los Angeles Kings

SANTA CLARA, Calif. -- It was only two weeks ago that the Los Angeles Kings were stuck in a rut so deep that for the first time in what has been an inconsistent season, people were wondering out loud if last season's Stanley Cup champions would give themselves a chance to defend their title.

The Kings had lost three in a row and 12 of their previous 15 games (3-7-5). They were behind the Colorado Avalanche, Minnesota Wild and Dallas Stars in the Western Conference standings -- and none of those teams was in a Stanley Cup Playoff position.

They were also in a rut right around the 50-game mark last season, but they never fell out of


playoff position. The Kings went 15-6-2 after the Olympic break.

Instead they did what they always do -- they turned it around, just as they did last season and just as they did in the 2011-12 season, when they finished as the eighth seed in the Western Conference but needed only 20 games to win their first Stanley Cup.

The Kings ride a six-game winning streak into the 2015 Coors Light NHL Stadium Series game on Saturday at Levi's Stadium against the San Jose Sharks (7 p.m. PT, NBCSN, CBC, TVA2). They have, as defenseman Jake Muzzin said, started to beat teams by playing their style, one that's typically devoid of defensive zone turnovers and mental mistakes, issues that plagued the Kings earlier in the season.

"There were some games thatwas .909 before the winning streak started.

In addition, the Kings have a red-hot line with Jeff Carter, Dwight King and Tyler Toffoli -- "That New 70s Line" -- contributing 26 points on 13 goals and 13 assists in the six games. King has a career-high five-game point streak.

"Things started to click," Kopitar said.

Part of that has to do with emotion.

Captain Dustin Brown complained after a 4-0 loss at the Washington Capitals on Feb. 4 that the team was lacking emotion, and that certain players who needed to bring it were not bringing it. Brown didn't name names, but he didn't have to. He could have named anybody and it would have been legitimate.

The Kings looked dead. They've since sprung to life in part because they are doing the


HRD Minister Smriti Irani HRD Minister Smriti Irani

An allegation made by Union Human Resources Development (HRD) Minister Smriti Irani during attacks and counter attacks between Congress and BJP leaders in Lok Sabha on Wednesday has been refuted. In her statement in the Lok Sabha, Irani had criticised Don Bosco School, Matunga, for using a handbook for Class IV history teachers authored by activist Teesta Setalvad.

According to the administration of Don Bosco Boys School, the controversial handbook was discontinued way back on 2001.

After being criticised by opposition leaders for the manner in which the BJP government treated students of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) for “anti-national” activities, Irani flashed the handbook and quoted from it, claiming it created differences between students on religious and caste grounds.

Father Bernard Fernandes, principal ofthe school, claimed the handbook was discontinued in 2001. “These were no textbooks but handbooks. These books were used by some of our schools on an experimental basis for a year and were meant for teachers,” said Fernandes.

He added, “But they were discontinued immediately after a year they were introduced. Today, none of our teachers use these handbooks.”

There are two Don Bosco schools in Mumbai — one in Borivli and one in Matunga.

In September 2001, a series of protests by Shiv Sena over the handbook authored by Teesta Setalvad was staged. The said handbook talked about Shivaji Maharaj being born as a shudra (untouchable) and his rise to fame and glory because he represented toiling peasants, spoke against injustice and battled against caste barriers.

The then principal of the


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Gibney Dance

Gibney Dance

Gibney Dance

Gibney Dance

Gibney Dance

Gibney Dance

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Buck Ennis

Nine years ago choreographer Gina Gibney was on the verge of shutting down her struggling modern-dance company.

"I really felt like giving up," she recalled. "I got so close."

Since then, revenue at her business—simply called Gibney—has risen more than tenfold, to $6 million a year. Have audiences rediscovered their appreciation for the performing arts? Nope. But Gibney has definitely repositioned herself as New York dance's favorite landlord.

Gibney controlled a single studio a decade ago but now rents out about two dozen, covering more than 50,000 square feet in two prime Manhattan locations. Income from renting rehearsal space to Broadway shows and other ensembles accounts for a third of her revenue, enabling her to


produce the sort of provocative works that have been her company's hallmark for nearly 30 years. The flow of cash also allows her to rent rehearsal studios to nonprofit organizations for a fraction of the market price—a godsend to dancers with a shoestring budget who struggle to find room to leap in the city.

"The story of dance in New York was one of retreat and losing spaces before Gina changed it," said Alejandra Duque Cifuentes, acting executive director at research and advocacy group Dance/NYC.

The economics of almost every performing arts organization are precarious at best, and in dance they're often worse, because the genre doesn't lend itself to long-running shows. The Nutcracker draws well every Christmas, and companies such as the New York City Ballet and Alvin AileyAmerican Dance Theater have major benefactors. But most of the city's 170 dance organizations perform for small sums in front of small crowds.

"Developing a good work takes a year, and that cost, which comes out of the artist's pocket, is way more than the public will pay in tickets," said dance producer Lisa Niedermeyer.

What's more, those small audiences are steadily shrinking. A 2016 study by Dance/NYC revealed a 20% drop in attendance over the previous six years.

The result is dance companies and studios vanishing from the scene. Dance New Amsterdam, founded in 1984, dissolved in 2014 after falling $620,000 behind in its rent and losing a $100,000 annual grant from the city. In 2016 DANY Studios in the Garment District closed after its lease expired, and the Brooklyn


Studios for Dance recently launched a $15,000 fundraising drive to keep its doors open. (So far it has raised about $10,000.)

"Dance was neglected, starved for investment and on a downward spiral for a long time," Gibney said. "Something had to change."

Stepping up

Gibney, a native of Ontario in central Ohio (population: 6,225), set up her company in 1991 at 890 Broadway, a converted factory building that is the epicenter of the dance community. For years she occupied a single studio on the fifth floor and pieced together about $500,000 in revenue annually by renting to other dance companies or holding classes.

Disaster struck after the financial crisis, when donors and funding evaporated. Gibney let go of her bookkeeper, learned how to prepare spreadsheets and pleaded with famed choreographer Eliot Feld,president of the Ballet Tech Foundation, which owns her floor. "I think Eliot respected that I didn't ask for a break," Gibney said.

Feld, who performed in West Side Story on Broadway and as Baby John in the 1961 film, said his foundation didn't want to squeeze out a good tenant over a cash-flow problem. "You can't set aside the well-being of your foundation," he said, "but you can bend a bit."

As other tenants—such as the Barbara Matera costume studio and the New York University theater department—left the Flatiron District building, Gibney implored others in the dance community to move in, but none could come up with the money or make decisions fast enough. Some of the spaces weren't appealing because they'd been used for manufacturing and needed renovation.


But they were big—with high ceilings and, most important, no columns—making them ideal for large ensembles. Gibney took over the spaces herself and decided to take the leap and become a big landlord.

"She was scared by the size of what she was taking on, and we were a little concerned," Feld said. "But we trusted her."

To fill the spaces, Gibney started looking beyond her roots in the nonprofit world to offer rehearsal room to well-financed Broadway productions, such as the Tony Awards and The Lion King. Word traveled fast that prime space was available, and rental income quickly flowed in. Eventually Gibney had control of all nine studios on the floor, covering 16,000 square feet. Becoming a dance studio landlord meant she had a growing source of cash,and it helped advance her nonprofit's mission to foster "the possibility of movement where it otherwise would not exist."

For Broadway productions, which typically book rehearsal space for weeks or months, Gibney charges $60 and up per hour. That affords her the flexibility to rent to nonprofits and independent dancers for $15 or less per hour. One 100-square-foot room with a wood floor and a south-facing window is available weekday mornings for as little as $3.75 an hour.

After Gibney demonstrated she had found a way to defy the punishing economics of dance, foundations took notice and began writing her big checks to support her company and its mission. A few years ago city officials approached her about taking over 26,000 square feet near City Hall at 280 Broadway, vacated


after Dance New Amsterdam's bankruptcy. The city was eager for Gibney to grab the space after spending $2 million on renovations in the past decade, but she had to act before the building's landlord offered it to a commercial tenant. Her board was supportive, knowing the acquisition could shift the depressing narrative of constant evictions in the dance community.

"We had to show dancers that we could prevent the loss of another space," said the company's chairman, Dani Effron Kline, a former Showtime executive.

Gibney credits much of her business success to her partner of 28 years, Pamela van Zandt, a former Condé Nast human resources chief, whom former Vanity Fair Editor Tina Brown called "a hero to me." Gibney said van Zandt helped introduce her to the philanthropic worldand even lined up contractors to renovate studio space. Van Zandt takes little credit.

"I gave her corporate advice, and a lot of it was bullshit," she said. "She's the one who said, 'We have to make money from every inch of space—no big offices, no friends-and-family hires.' That's all her."

Following her lead

Shortly after moving into 280 Broadway, Gibney secured an additional 10,000 square feet by taking over an empty bank in the building. The renovated facility gives her much more rehearsal room to rent, and it allows her to produce shows on her home turf instead of renting performance space elsewhere. Her next project: installing an elevator for dancers with disabilities. A $500,000 grant from the Howard Gilman Foundation will help.

There is also evidence that Gibney's goal of


During the second period of the season-opening football game against Arizona on Sept. 20, 1969, a packed house at the University of 's War Memorial Stadium watched as Cowboys' split end Ron Hill, a sophomore from Denver, caught a pass and took it 24 yards into the end zone. It was Wyoming's first touchdown in the 100th anniversary year of college football.

In the third quarter, Jay Berry—then called Jerry Berry—a sophomore safety from Tulsa, Okla., intercepted an Arizona pass on his own 12-yard line and returned it 88 yards for another touchdown.

But these football triumphs faded quickly from public memory when a controversy that fall linking sports, race, religion and protest politics swung the nation’s news spotlights to at a time when Americans were already deeply divided overcivil rights and the Vietnam War. Controversy erupted over the expulsion of 14 African-American football players from the Cowboys’ varsity. They came to be known as the Black 14.

A Winning Team

The Cowboys opened the season by defeating Arizona, the Air Force Academy, Colorado State University and the University of Texas at El Paso, and were ranked 12th in the nation in the United Press International coaches poll as the players prepared for their next game against Brigham Young University. The UW team led the nation in rushing defense.

Under Head Coach Lloyd Eaton, Wyoming had won three consecutive Western Athletic Conference championships in the three previous years; had won 31 of the previous 36 games; defeated Florida State in the Sun Bowl and very nearly upset Louisiana State University


in the Sugar Bowl on Jan. 1, 1968, after going undefeated during the 1967 regular season.

The 51-year-old Eaton, a native of Belle Fourche, S.D. was at the peak of his career. On Oct. 11, 1969, the Madison, Capital Times reported that Wisconsin Athletic Director Elroy Hirsch was considering Eaton as a candidate for the Big Ten team's next coach.

But on Friday morning, Oct. 17, 1969, the day before the BYU game, Eaton summarily dismissed Hill, Berry and the 12 other African-American players on the UW team when they appeared at his office as a group wearing black armbands on their civilian clothes. BYU is owned and operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormons. By wearing the armbands, the players wereprotesting the LDS policy then in force, which barred black men from the priesthood.

The coach's action deeply affected the players’ lives, and soon caused the demise of his own coaching career. The university, too, was profoundly affected.

A turbulent time

The controversy came at the end of the turbulent 1960s. The decade profoundly changed the nation but had apparently had less of an effect, so far, on conservative Wyoming. In 1968, the Tet Offensive had shown Americans no quick end was likely for the Vietnam War, a politically damaged president, Lyndon Johnson, had declined to run for re-election, Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy were assassinated and protest spread wider and wider across campuses and capitals.

In October of that year, U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos indelibly linked sports


to racial politics when, standing on the medalists’ platform at the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, they raised black-gloved fists as The Star-Spangled Banner played over the loudspeakers.

In the western United States, some college athletes learned of the Mormon Church’s policy of barring black men from the church’s lay priesthood and thus from leadership in the church. The students felt they could bring attention to what they saw as an injustice by protesting when their teams played Brigham Young University. BYU, located in Provo, Utah, is wholly owned and operated by the Mormon Church.

In November 1968, at San Jose State in California, black football players boycotted a home game against BYU, and only 2,800 fans “braved threats of disruption and demonstration” to come to the game, BYU’s footballmedia guide noted the following year. In April, 1969, black track athletes at the University of Texas at El Paso were ejected from the team when they refused to participate in a meet at Provo. On Oct. 6, an Associated Press story in Wyoming newspapers reported that an Arizona State black student group had asked black students to boycott the Sun Devils' Western Athletic Conference game against BYU that week because of alleged discrimination against blacks at BYU.

Protest comes to Laramie

About a week before the UW-BYU game, slated to be played on UW home turf in Laramie, , a 32-year-old math doctoral student with a wife and four children living in student housing, had learned of the Mormon policy. Black was chancellor of UW’s Black Students Alliance. On


the Monday before the game, he informed alliance members, including the black football players, of what he had discovered. On Wednesday, he delivered a statement entitled "Why We Must Protest" to the UW president and athletic director. The document announced plans for a demonstration at the stadium before the BYU game.

"Our Humanity Demands: . . . That all people of good will--whatever their color--athletes included" protest this policy, the document noted. Further, it called on UW and all WAC schools to stop using "student monies and university facilities to play host to [BYU and] thereby, in part, sanction those inhuman and racist policies. . . ."

Also on Wednesday, Laramie townspeople and students took part in the Vietnam Moratorium, a nationally coordinated series of demonstrations and teach-ins. It wasthe largest set of antiwar protests the nation—and Laramie—had seen so far.

After practice on Thursday afternoon, Oct. 16, Coach Eaton warned Wyoming's tri-captain Joe Williams about the coach’s rule prohibiting participation by athletes in demonstrations. Williams conveyed this information to his fellow black players that night, and they decided to meet with Eaton to discuss the issue.

About 9:15 a.m. on Friday, the 14 black players gathered at Washakie Center in the dormitory complex. They donned black armbands and walked to Memorial Fieldhouse where Eaton had his office, hoping to persuade the coach to allow them to show some solidarity with the BSA call for a protest.

Seeing them together, wearing armbands, Eaton led them into the upper seating area of the fieldhouse and, according to the players, immediately told


them that they were all off the team. After that, according to the wife of a faculty member who was walking on the fieldhouse floor below, the coach insulted the players in an angry manner, which further polarized the situation.

"It was pretty belligerent talk," Ann Marie Walthall recalled more than 20 years later in a documentary on the Black 14 produced by University of Wyoming Television. "I felt embarrassed for the young men hearing this tirade."

Eaton would later testify in federal court that he "told them that if the program at Wyoming was not satisfactory then perhaps they had better think about going to Morgan State or Grambling”—both traditional black colleges.

The players emptied their lockers and walked to the student union. They asked UW President William Carlson toarrange a meeting with Eaton at Old Main. In the afternoon, the players met with Carlson, Athletic Director Red Jacoby and student leaders, but Eaton did not appear.

That evening, the coaches and players met separately with the UW Board of Trustees and Wyoming Governor during a special meeting lasting from 8 p.m. to 3:15 a.m. Saturday. At that late hour, the university issued a press release saying the trustees confirmed the dismissal of the 14 players. The players "will not play in today's game or any during the balance of the season,” the press release noted, and added: "The dismissals result from a violation of a football coaching rule Friday morning."

Athletic Director Jacoby further noted in the release that "(a)mple notice was given to all members of the


on both sides of the stadium chanted, "We love Eaton." After the game, Eaton said, "The victory was the most satisfying one I've ever had in coaching."

The players

Statistics published in the program for the game showed that the 14 African-American players had contributed substantially that year to the team's unbeaten status through the first four games. John Griffin, a junior college transfer from San Fernando, Calif., was the leading receiver; Ron Hill of Denver led in kickoff returns; and Joe Williams of Lufkin, Texas, and Tony Gibson were third and fourth, respectively, in rushing. Ted Williams, another transfer from Port Hueneme, Calif., relieved the injured Joe Williams (no relation) in the CSU game and rushed for 87 yards to lead the Cowboys' ground attack.

, a junior and aformer mayor of Boys Town, Neb., had moved into a starting position in the offensive line, and Gibson, a junior from Pittsfield, Mass., started at fullback in the UTEP game. Ivie Moore, a Pine Bluff, Ark., defensive back who transferred from a Kansas junior college, was listed as a starter for the BYU game.

Defensive end Tony McGee, a junior from Battle Creek, Mich., had keyed the Cowboys' thrilling come-from-behind win at the Air Force Academy by tackling the AFA quarterback for losses seven times.

Only one of the 14 was a senior at the time of their dismissal. Two—Mel Hamilton and Earl Lee—had already served in the U.S. Army. Half of them were under 21 years old.

The national spotlight

The dismissal of the 14 brought camera crews from the three


big TV networks to Laramie, and articles appeared in newspapers and magazines throughout the nation. The Nov. 3, 1969, issue of Sports Illustrated carried an article whose photographs included one showing 10 of the dismissed players sitting on the south steps of the Wyoming Union. The , Wyo. Quarterback Club, the Wyo. City Council and the University of Wyoming Alumni Association supported the coach.

Aside from some of the students, the Denver Post and the student newspaper at UW, one of the few expressions of concern for the dismissed players, ironically enough, was an unnamed source close to the BYU Board of Trustees quoted in the Oct. 24, 1969, issue of the Denver Post.

"It's most disturbing,” said the source, “to think that the Negro athletes at Wyoming could loseonly uncompromising, but unjust and totally wrong."

On the Wednesday after the game, Eaton and Carlson appeared at an on-campus news conference to announce that the coach's rule prohibiting student athletes from participating in demonstrations was being amended to apply only while on the playing field. When Eaton was asked if the dismissal of the 14 would have happened if the now-modified rule had been in effect the previous week, he left the press conference, the Associated Press reported the next day. The UW student newspaper, the Branding Iron, published an editorial advocating reinstatement of the players because the no-demonstrating rule had now been withdrawn.

English professor Ken Craven stated at the October 19 faculty meeting that he would resign if the players were not reinstated. Some of the other


UW faculty members supported the coach, however.

During the week after the BYU game, four black trackmen—Huey Johnson and Grady Manning of Chicago, Mike Frazier of Pueblo, Colo., and Jerry Miller of Battle Creek, Mich.—quit the team and left UW in protest of the football players’ dismissals. Two of them had been conference champions in their main events the previous year.

The Cowboys finished their home slate with a victory over San Jose State a week after the BYU game. A plane pulling a banner proclaiming, "Yea Eaton," flew over the stadium, and the crowd responded with a roar and a standing ovation. Many wore "Eaton" armbands. All of the SJS players wore either black or multi-colored armbands.

A article on October 21 reported that Casper businessman Dode Gerdom "has startedLloyd Eaton. . . .[T]his faculty believes that the action. . .was unjust, unconstitutional, and unwise, bringing the entire University into disrepute."

On Nov. 12, 1969, Stanford University President Kenneth Pitzer, acting on recommendations from the campus Human Relations Committee, declared he "today barred any new commitments to intercollegiate competition with institutions sponsored by the Mormon Church." The statement said church officials had confirmed that black men could not become priests. Pitzer’s statement also quoted a New York Times article saying that BYU had only three black students among an enrollment of 25,000.

On Nov. 25, the Quarterback Club held "Cowboy Night" at the Little America hotel, and a large crowd was on hand to honor Lloyd Eaton, his staff and his seniors. One of the “special guests” – according


to an article in a Cheyenne newspaper -- was U.S. District Judge Ewing T. Kerr who was at that point presiding over a civil rights lawsuit brought by the 14 players against the state and the university.

Sorting it out in federal court

The week after the athletes’ dismissal, the NAACP sent a Detroit attorney, William Waterman, to Wyoming to file the federal lawsuit seeking an injunction ordering the reinstatement of the players and asking for damages for violation of their civil rights.

Judge Kerr in Cheyenne denied the injunction, and five months later threw the case out of court after a hearing, but without a trial. The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed that decision on May 14, 1971, but, after a trial this time, Kerr again ruled for thestate on Oct. 18, 1971. The appeals court eventually affirmed him.

Kerr had been admitted to the Wyoming bar in 1927, and served as a federal prosecutor and state attorney general before being appointed to the federal bench in 1955. During the hearing before his first dismissal, Kerr rejected the assertion by Weston Reeves, a Cheyenne attorney representing the Black 14, that the issue of race ran through the case.

"From my observation of almost half a century in Wyoming,” Kerr said at the hearing, “I have never known of any prejudice against any race in the state of Wyoming and I think the fact that the coach went out and solicited and gave scholarships to a large number of colored people is strong evidence that he was not prejudiced


of Black 14: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Wyoming Football, in a 2009 interview, "Students on the campus were planning a demonstration against the Mormon policies and we voted that we would take part in that demonstration. And our part was wearing black armbands, if coach Eaton would let us. If Eaton didn't let us, we would just play the game. That's the part that was never brought out enough after the fact."

In interviews the week after the BYU game, Eaton claimed he had given the players ten minutes to speak. But in interviews in national magazines the following November, Joe Williams denied it. "Like hell he gave us ten minutes” Williams told Sports Illustrated. “He came in, sneered at us and yelled that we were offthe squad." In Jet, Williams was similarly quoted saying Eaton booted the players "before we had a chance to talk."

In an interview reported in the Laramie Boomerang on Sunday October 19th, Joe Williams stated: “We just wanted to discuss this in an intelligent manner. We wanted to play this game no matter what. We hadn't even decided to ask permission to wear the armbands during the game. … If only he had listened.”

Player Jay Berry said he joined the group not because of Mormon beliefs and policies, but because he had heard that Wyoming's black players had been mistreated at Provo the previous season. "We wanted to play BYU in the worst kind of way," he said, and he saw the visit to Eaton as "a starting point


for negotiations." But Eaton, Berry said, "opened his statements to us by saying ‘were it not for him we would all be on Negro relief.’"

Eaton acknowledged at the Cheyenne hearing in 1971 that there was no discussion. He said, "They had already violated our coaching rule. There was no purpose in talking."

Reversal of fortunes

The events had a devastating effect on Wyoming football. After six games, UW was still unbeaten and still rated among the top 15 in the national polls. Many fans were convinced the Cowboys could continue their winning ways without any African-American players.

But protests against Eaton’s actions followed the Cowboys on the road, and they lost the last four games of the 1969 season by lopsided scores.

The 1970 team lost all of its home games andall but the CSU game on the road, finishing with one win and nine losses--the worst record since the no-wins one-tie season in 1939, and the first time UW lost all its home games since 1931. It was the Cowboys' first losing season since 1948. And future prospects looked dim because the 1970 freshman team had a winless season. Support for Eaton evaporated.

During the first week after the 1970 season ended, Wyoming sports pages included columns quoting Eaton on his plans to step up recruiting across the country, particularly from the junior college ranks. But on Dec. 6, 1970, Lloyd Eaton's coaching career came to an abrupt end.

In a press conference after their meeting, the UW Board of Trustees announced that Eaton was "retiring" from active coaching and


would become an assistant athletic director whose duties were still undetermined. Eaton said the decision to retire had been made two years earlier, after the Sugar Bowl game. Defensive line coach Leonard F. (Fritz) Shurmur, 38, was appointed to replace Eaton. In 1971 Eaton left UW and held administrative and scouting positions in pro football, including a stint as Director of Player Personnel for the Green Bay Packers.

But the negative publicity affected Wyoming’s football program for years. Following the dismissal of the 14, the Cowboys lost 26 of their next 38 games through 1972. They had only one winning season during the 1970s. Paul Roach, one of Eaton's assistant coaches in 1969, returned to Wyoming as athletic director in the mid-1980s, and in 1987 also took on thehead football coaching duties. His 1987 and 1988 teams went 21-5 and played in the Holiday Bowl both years.

Eaton died in Idaho in 2007.

The players in later life

Tony McGee became a dominant player in the NFL, starting in a Super Bowl for the Redskins. For many years McGee has hosted a sports television talk show in Washington D.C. Joe Williams also earned a Super Bowl ring with the Dallas Cowboys and then developed his own investment consulting business.

Several of the Black 14 managed to obtain college degrees. Mel Hamilton graduated from UW and has had a long career as a public school teacher and administrator in Casper. Guillermo Hysaw, originally from Bakersfield, Calif., and Lionel Grimes from Alliance, Ohio, became employment diversity executives with Ford and Toyota. Jay


Berry—“Jerry Berry”--became a sports anchor for television stations in Tulsa, Chicago and Detroit and was named by Associated Press as the top sports broadcaster in Texas in 1977

Tony Gibson retired in 2011 after working nearly 38 years as a lineman for a Massachusetts power company during which time he responded to mass outages in Puerto Rico, Canada, Florida and several other states. Ted Williams has worked that long as a foreman at a specialized paint manufacturing company in Illinois. Ron Hill became a physical education teacher in Colorado. John Griffin has worked for the YMCA in Denver, for a hazardous waste abatement firm and as a manager for Sports Authority in Denver. Ivie Moore has worked as a floor subcontractor in his native Arkansas.

James Isaac died in SanBernardino, Calif. in 1976 after a dispute with his wife; Don Meadows died in 2009 and Earl Lee in 2013. Lee had a distinguished career as a teacher, coach and principal in the Baltimore area. Isaac, an all-sports star for Hanna-Elk Mountain High School in Wyoming, played football and ran track for, and graduated from, Dakota Wesleyan University in South Dakota. Don Meadows had a restaurant business in Denver.

In the records section of the 2013 University of Wyoming Cowboys' Football Media Guide, the name Jerry Berry appears with two other players who are tied for most interceptions returned for touchdowns in a season, and with three others for most returns for touchdowns in a career.

Berry's entire career at UW consisted of the first four games of the 1969


season. After his 88-yard return against Arizona he carried another interception 24 yards for a touchdown in the CSU game two weeks later.

Epilogue

A Salt Lake Tribune article published Nov. 6, 2009, relates that the Black 14 incident quickly provoked changes at BYU, according to Tom Hudspeth, BYU head coach in 1969. Hudspeth was quoted as saying that he “cannot remember the exact date or how he was 'made aware' that LDS Church leadership wanted him to add African-Americans to his team, and fast. The following year, BYU's team included Ronnie Knight, a black defensive back from Sand Springs, Okla."

On June 9, 1978, the First Presidency of the Mormon Church, composed of President and Prophet Spencer Kimball and Counselors N. Eldon Tanner and Marion G. Romney, announced that adivine revelation had been received to open the Mormon priesthood to African-Americans, ending the longstanding tenet.

An AP article datelined Salt Lake City said the change came after many hours of "supplicating the Lord for divine guidance." According to the article, this was the most significant change in church doctrine since polygamy was discontinued in 1890. Church spokesman Jerry Cahill was quoted in the article as saying, "It's a momentous day, a great day we've lived through today."

Earlier that year, the LDS church had announced plans to build a new temple in Sao Paolo, Brazil—a very mixed-race place.

On May 9, 1982, the Denver Post published an extensive retrospective about the Black 14 incident, including the only interview Eaton gave after he left UW. "Divorced, Lloyd Eaton now lives a


bachelor's life in a small home in Kuna, Idaho, where he refuses to have a phone," the article said. Eaton declared that he had never regretted what happened and that he would do the same thing again if given a second chance.

In an interview in 2009, Tony McGee said, "When it was over, I had more hurt feelings from how the Wyoming people reacted and the way I was treated than the whole thing with BYU."

Since the turn of the 21st century the University of Wyoming football team has had upwards of 25 African-Americans on its roster nearly every season. The 2016 roster includes about 40 African-Americans.

Resources

Primary Sources

Ashworth, William. "Inside Story of Fired Black Athletes", Jet (magazine), 37 no. 6, (Nov. 11, 1969), 62-69.

Associated Press. "BYU's Racial PolicyIs Under Fire Again," Riverton Ranger. Oct. 6, 1969.

Associated Press. "Demonstration Rule is Relaxed," Riverton Ranger, Oct. 23, 1969, 1.

Associated Press. "Mormons Will Welcome Blacks," Paris (Texas) News, June 11, 1978, 26.

Berry, Jay. Personal interview with author, Sept. 27, 2010.

"Brigham Young versus Wyoming," Oct. 18, 1969 game program, University of Wyoming Athletic Department Files.

Black Fourteen Collection, 1969-70, University of Wyoming American Heritage Center.

Branding Iron, (UW student newspaper) Oct. 17 1969; Oct. 23, 1969; Oct. 31, 1969.

, Oct. 21, 1969, 7.

Denver Post Empire Magazine, Nov . 2, 1969, 31.

1969, 31. Drew, Jay. "BYU Football: Remembering the Black 14 Protest," Salt Lake Tribune, Nov. 6, 2009.

Fetsco, Pete. "Negro Athletes Out for Failure to Abide by Athletic Department Rules," Laramie Daily Boomerang, Oct. 19, 1969, 1.

Madison (Wis.) Capital Times, Oct. 11,


Four suicide bombers carried out explosions in a village in Russia's Stavropol region, close to the North Caucasus, police said.

Three of the suicide bombers were killed by the blasts, one was shot and killed, Russia's state news agency TASS reported on Monday. No one else was hurt in the attacks.

"Three militants were killed as they attempted to attack the police station. The regional Interior Ministry also confirmed that civilians and law enforcement officers were not hurt," TASS reported.

"The incident has all characteristics of a terrorist attack," TASS said, adding that the attackers have not been identified yet.

Shooting at the building

"We were holding a meeting in the morning when five explosions went off," Sergei Karamyshev, a senior police officer in the village of Novoselitskoye in the southern Stavropol region,told AFP news agency.

"Three people blew themselves up after an officer on duty at the entrance blocked the door to the building," Karamyshev said.

He said that in all there were five explosions: the three suicide bombers and one grenade, but that the cause of the fifth blast was not immediately known.

A spokeswoman for police in the Stavropol region said one of the attackers had died by detonating an explosive device, while two others were killed by "return fire".

"They were shooting at the building," Natalya Tyncherova told AFP, adding that the exact number of attackers was still unclear.

The city is located in the northern tip of Russia's North Caucasus Mountains, where authorities have struggled with homegrown armed groups for decades.

In December, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant


National Labor Relations Act. Respondent The Fremont-Rideout Health Group ("respondent" or the "Employer") oppose the petition. The court heard oral argument on April 7, 2009. For the reasons set forth below, the Board's petition for an injunction is GRANTED.

BACKGROUND[1]
Respondent, a California non-profit corporation, operates acute care hospitals and other medical facilities in Yuba City and Marysville, California. (GC Exh. 1(p).) The California Nurses Association ("CNA" or the "Union") was certified on September 20, 2006, as the bargaining representative of a unit of approximately 450 registered nurses. (Tr. 12, 15.) On October 12, 2007, a decertification petition was filed by respondent's employees. (Tr. 23.) The petition was blocked by the Union's unfair labor practice charges until it was withdrawn on November 21, 2008. (Tr. 23.) The last bargaining sessionbetween the *996 Employer and the Union occurred on January 8, 2008. (Tr. 23, 238, 242.) A strike was conducted on March 21, 2008. (Tr. 25.) As of May 21, 2008, the Union's last proposal to respondent was rejected, and the Employer stood on its last, best, and final offer, dated May 14, 2008. (Tr. 24, 298.)
On November 13, 2008, the Employer received evidence that the Union had lost majority status. (Tr. 237.) On November 14, 2008, the Employer withdrew recognition from the Union. (GC Exhs. 2, 3a, 3b.) The Employer based this withdrawal on a petition (the "anti-Union petition") signed by 234 registered nurses employed in the bargaining unit represented by the Union. (GC Exh. 2.) The 234 signatures represented 51.8% of the Unit, which was comprised


of 452 employees at the time of the withdrawal of recognition. (Tr. 15-16.) 112 of these signatures were dated over seven months before the November 14 withdrawal; of those 112, 72 were dated over a year before the withdrawal. (GC Exh. 3b.) The Employer notified the Union that the anti-Union petition constituted evidence of CNA's loss of majority status and withdrew recognition of CNA as the exclusive representative of the bargaining unit, effective immediately. (GC Exh. 2.) On November 17, 2008, the Employer notified its employees of the withdrawal of the recognition. (GC Exh. 7.) In the same memo, respondent also informed employees of new beneficial working conditions. (GC Exh. 7.)
At the time it withdrew recognition, the Employer knew that revocations were being circulated by the Union. (Tr.NovaUCD

The Innovation and Technology Transfer Centre

An Lárionad Nuála agus Aistrithe Teicneolaíochta

Day 2 of the conference focused on Creating Innovation Communities. It brought together researchers from around Ireland and internationally who explored and examined current research, via a series of presentations, on the topic of innovation networks including the role that multi-national companies have to play in innovation networks.

The titles of the presentations delivered were as follows:

Academic Entrepreneurship: Roles and Activities of Principal Investigators of Publicly Funded Research, Dr James Cunningham, Centre for Innovation & Structural Change, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Network Centrality and Firm Innovation: A Social Network Analysis of the Monaghan Furniture Industry, Judith McKnight, School of Management, Queen’s University Belfast.

Systematic Reviews: Their Emerging Role in Co-creating Strategic Links for Innovation, Patricia McHugh, Centre for Innovation &


Structural Change, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Role of MNEs in Irish Innovation Networks, Professor Petra Ahrweiler, Innovation Research Unit, University College Dublin.

MNCs Between the Local and the Global: Knowledge Bases, Proximity and Distributed Knowledge Networks, Professor Bjorn Asheim, CIRCLE, Lund University and Bernd Ebersberger, Management Centre, Innsbruck.

The Role of MNCs in Knowledge Accumulation, Absorption and Utilisation in Indigenous Irish Firms: A Case Study of The Galway Medical Technology Cluster, Dr Satyasiba Das, Centre for Innovation & Structural Change, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Local Entrepreneurs in Global Clusters: The Significance of Spatial and Relational Propinquity in New Firm Formation, Dr Majella Giblin, Centre for Innovation & Structural Change, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Academic Reflections and Future Challenges in Building Collaborative Networks in the Pharma Industry, Peter Robbins, The InnovationLANSING -- He's baaaack!

After getting eliminated from "The Voice" last month, Lucas Holliday announced Thursday that he's returning to compete during the playoffs starting Monday, Nov. 13.

"Ladies and gents, boys and girls....YOUR COMEBACK ARTISTS FOR SEASON 13 OF THE VOICE!!!!!!!!! That's right, I will return alongside JHud's Top Five for the Play Offs!!! Get ready for the next step, starting Monday November 13 at 8pm!!!!" Holliday wrote in a Facebook post Thursday afternoon.

During the playoffs, each coach brings back a contestant who was previously eliminated during the battle rounds or knockouts. All four contestants will perform and have a chance to move on to the top 12.

Holliday secured a spot on Team Jennifer after making it through the first round of blind auditions on Sept. 25. He survived


the battle rounds before getting eliminated during the knockouts during an episode that aired Oct. 30.

Holliday's claim to fame?

A video of the 26-year-old Lansing native singing Maxwell's R&B hit, "Ascension (Don't Ever Wonder)" from behind a cash register at a Dollar General store went viral last November. The clip received over 1 million views during its first week.

Shortly after the video went viral, Maxwell invited Holliday to perform with him at the Palace of Auburn Hills.

Holliday is also one of the lead vocalists from the soulful, funky band, Tell Yo Mama.

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Contact Princess Gabbara at pgabbara@lsj.com or (517) 377-1006. FollowSonnenberg champion Wes Gifford left a legacy

Sunday

Sep 15, 2013 at 12:08 PMSep 16, 2013 at 11:11 AM

By Julie Sherwood

jsherwood@messengerpostmedia.com

In his memoirs, Wes Gifford describes his reaction decades ago to Sonnenberg Gardens in Canandaigua — long before the historic property was resurrected from disrepair and rose to its current stature — as one of the nation's most extensively preserved, Victorian-era country estates.

"When I first entered the architectural remnants of what were once the incredibly beautiful and historic gardens of Sonnenberg, I was struck by the almost mirror-like images of the greatest gardens of Europe …” Mr. Gifford wrote, speaking from his experience traveling in Europe, in a pre-publication draft of his book on Sonnenberg. “I immediately recognized that this was indeed an endeavor worth undertaking. Here, with the aid


of strong will and good fortune, was an opportunity placed before us to save a great work of art from being lost forever. Restoring it to its rightful place in the universe of great landscape architecture was, and still is, the legacy and the challenge of the great estate called Sonnenberg."

Mr. Gifford, who died Sept. 8 at 76, led the charge in the late 1960s of saving Sonnenberg.

“He was the driving force,” said Stephen Hamlin, a close friend of Mr. Gifford and among those involved in restoring and preserving the estate.

Mr. Gifford, described by friends as a man of intelligence, wit and determination, led a citizens’ movement in 1966 to purchase, preserve and restore a 50-acre portion of the original estate and gardens. It involved the federal governmentsometimes managed to show off all three in a single essay.”

Mr. Gifford’s interest in his community encompassed Canandaigua and well beyond to cover national and international affairs, friends say.

“He had an undying interest in politics,” recalled Hank Shepard. The two of them enjoyed getting together in a group that met regularly over drinks at local establishments to banter about world affairs, Shepard said. Keeping up on Syracuse football and basketball was also a favorite pastime, said Shepard.

Hamlin said his most colorful memories go back to the late 1950s, when he, Mr. Gifford and others participated in a community theater group called Canandaigua Productions.

Mr. Gifford often played lead roles, including Finian in a rendition of the Broadway hit musical “Finian's Rainbow” and the Lord High Executioner in a spin-off


say, therefore, I say as the Father has bidden me."

Ephesians 11: Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, To the saints who are also faithful in Christ Jesus:2: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.3: Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places,4: even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.5: He destined us in love to be his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will,9: For he has made known to us in all wisdom and insight the mystery of hisGrace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.3: Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places,4: even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him.5: He destined us in love to be his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will,9: For he has made known to us in all wisdom and insight the mystery of his will, according to his purpose which he set forth in Christ

I Corinthians 2:7: But we impart a secret and hidden wisdom of God, which God decreed before the ages for our glorification.8:


not produce a Jehovah's Witness - and never has.

Which is hardly surprising considering that they are in fact Christ's chosen path for the release of knowledge and the fulfilment of Matthew 24:14.

It is precisely as in Acts 8:26-38. The only difference being that God's spirit led Philip to the Eunuch rather than the other way round.

The Jews in that day were all well versed in the scriptures, but none of them understood them without help and guidance, first from Christ, and later through the Apostles.

The Ethiopian Eunuch was worshipper of Jehovah, who was so keen to try to understand God's word but could not without eh help of God's spirit directed people.

Thus today it is impossible to understand scripture without the aid of Christ's spirit directed organisation ofMoses and then the Israelites.After the Israelites, who proved continually unfaithful it was God's son incarnate, as the Christ, and then the Apostles, the "Israel of God".

Galatians 6:16YLT(i) 16 and as many as by this rule do walk"peace upon them, and kindness, and on the Israel of God!

When they eventually, after the death f the last Apostle, proved as unfaithful as Natural Israel had it became time to wait until; Christ was on his throne, and preparing to bring in Armageddon.

Revelation 22:11YLT(i) 11 he who is unrighteous"let him be unrighteous still, and he who is filthy"let him be filthy still, and he who is righteous"let him be declared righteous still, and he who is sanctified"let him be sanctified still:

That time came in the mid 1800's with Christ preparing


pass away, and the elements with burning heat be dissolved, and earth and the works in it shall be burnt up.

When the time was right he called a few who wanted to be faithful out of false Christianity, and set about teaching them.

It took a bit longer than it took him to teach the 12, and with just as many mistakes and misunderstandings along the way, but eventually they learned and by the 1920's were ready to start learning to gather in the remnant of the elect, and those who were to be amongst the teachers of the resurrected after Armageddon.

That work, n obedience to Matthew 24:14, is still well under way, bt it cannot be long now until Christ calls a halt to it, and the "ArkIraqi officials said on Monday that the death toll from Sunday's suicide truck bombing south of Baghdad climbed to 61.

Among the dead were 52 civilians, while the rest were members of the security forces, a police officer said. Another 95 people were injured in the attack that targeted a security checkpoint at one of the entrances to the city of Hillah. The officer said that eight other people were still missing.

A medical official confirmed the casualty figures. Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity as they were not authorized to release information.

Hillah is located about 60 miles south of Baghdad.

Hours after the attack, ISIS claimed responsibility in an online statement. The Associated Press could not immediately verify the authenticity of the statement, but its language and phrasing is


consistent with past ISIS claims of responsibility.

Iraq has seen a spike in violence in the past month, with suicide attacks claimed by ISIS killing more than 170 people. Sunday's bombing was the third massive bombing in a little over a week against security forces and the country's Shiite majority. These attacks follow a string of advances by Iraqi forces backed by U.S.-led airstrikes, including in the western city of Ramadi.

The latest push could be seen as an attempt by ISIS to stage attacks deep behind the front lines in order to wreak havoc and force the government to overextend its forces. Hillah is in the country's mainly Shiite south, far from the front lines of the war against ISIS.

Nearly two months after a video of a violent altercation between a school resource officer (SRO) and a Rolesville high schooler spurred outrage, a small panel of Wake County leaders urged a fundamental rethinking of on-campus cops’ role, as well as a greater investment in school counselors, nurses and mentors.

The forum convened with an internal investigation still ongoing into the Jan. 3 incident at Rolesville High School, in which SRO Ruben De Los Santos of the Rolesville Police Department slammed a teenage girl to the ground during a campus fight. According to media reports, the teen was attempting to break up the fight.

And at least one unidentified man who spoke Thursday was still palpably angry over the January altercation.

Rolesville Police Chief Bobby Langston declined to comment on the


near-term implementations of this revolutionary technology.”

About Scotiabank

Scotiabank is Canada’s international bank and a leading financial services provider in North America, Latin America, the Caribbean and Central America, and Asia-Pacific. We are dedicated to helping our 23 million customers become better off through a broad range of advice, products and services, including personal and commercial banking, wealth management and private banking, corporate and investment banking, and capital markets. With a team of more than 88,000 employees and assets of $896 billion (as at October 31, 2016), Scotiabank trades on the Toronto (TSX: BNS) and New York Exchanges (NYSE: BNS). For more information, please visit www.scotiabank.com and follow us on Twitter @ScotiabankViews.

About AlphaPoint

AlphaPoint is a financial technology company that powers digital asset networks and provides institutions a Distributed Ledger Platformto digitize, trade, and manage the lifecycle of any asset. Its secure, scalable, and customizable platform enables customers to digitize assets, launch and operate markets, and reduce operational costs with its blockchain technology. AlphaPoint powers digital asset networks on 5 continents, and is led by a seasoned team with 150+ years in financial technology. AlphaPoint has offices in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco.


have created impetus among certain non-Brahmin and Muslim leaders and ideologues to forge an alliance among them. The secular, elite and educated Jinnah started turning communal with the exigencies in Bombay. Ambedkar, though initially started working for the Mahars and other depressed classes, suddenly changed to support for Muslim cause, with all his progressive social, political and economic theories in 1930s. The Justice Party, initially started for the welfare and interests of non-Brahmins, started turning against Hindus, definitely with the ideology of EVR.

Incidentally, most of the Justice party leaders resented his anti-Hindu tirade with his open support for Muslim cause. However, the contacts between the followers of EVR and Muslims increased considerably during 1930-40. Jinnah appointed Mohammed Ismail as the convenor of Muslim League in Madras, when heas friends since 19203. He used to all ML, Miladi and Ramzan functions without fail.

As Ambedkar was in Bombay, arrangement must have been made to meet him also. A letter addressed to Gandhi by Jinnah proves the fact that the Day of Deliverance was a prelude for such a meeting. He writes:

“It is true that many non-Congress Hindus expressed their sympathy with the Deliverance Day in justice to our cause, so also the leaders of the Justice Party and Scheduled Castes, and the Parsis who had suffered”4

On January 1, 1940 he writes like this and on 9th he meets EVR along with others including Ambedkar.

EVR made the demand for Dravidanadu in his presidential address at the 14th Confederation of S.I.L.F on December 1938. He met Sir Stafford Cripps


and put forward the demand of Dravidanad in 1939. The persons met Cripps included Sir Muthaiah Chettiar, N. S. Samiappa Mudaliar and W. P. A. Soundara Nadar5. Resolution was passed to that effect in 1940. Ironically, Muslim League refused the Cripps offer in 1942.

Support for Day of Deliverance by Ambedkar and EVR in 1939: Jinnah declared that the Mussalmans should observe Friday December 22, 1939 as Day of Deliverance to mark the cessation of Congress Governments, when the Congress was popularizing the idea of Constituent Assembly and all were eagerly looking forward to the resumption of talk between Nehru and himself at Bombay6. Amedkar supported the Day of Deliverance at Bombay in a public meeting organized by the Muslim League in 1939. Sir Currimbhoy Ebrahim moved the resolutionand Ambedkar seconded it on December 22, 1939! The first news of the Day of Deliverance was that both Ambedkar and Jinnah met each other at a public meeting held at Pentiarghat and shaked their hands each other.

EVR also extended his support. He called upon his party and as well as all Dravidians to celebrate December 22 “on a grand scale….to rid the country of the menace of the Congress”. As on January 1, 1940, Jinnah was writing about the support of many non-Congress Hindus expressed their sympathy with the Deliverance Day in justice to their cause, so also the leaders of the Justice Party and Scheduled Castes, and the Parsis who had suffered, it is evident that he knew that he was meeting EVR and Ambedkar.

Meeting Of


EVR, Ambedkar and Jinnah on January 8, 1940: The historic meeting of the three leaders took place at Bombay on January 8, 1940. The leaders must have either corresponded with each other directly or indirectly or their friends arranged such meeting as explained above.

On January 5th morning, EVR left for Bombay along with the following at the invitation of the non-Brahmin citizens of Bombay:

He was sent off by Kumararaja Muthaiah Chettiar, General Kalifullah and others.

On 06-01-40 by 10.00 a.m, he arrived at Dadar station with his colleagues. He was given a reception and taken by a decorated coach fitted with two white horses! Evening, he met Ambedkar and latter took the former to his residence. Both discussed on various social and political issues from 9.00 to 10.30 p.m.

Onalone.

On ninth, Ambedkar arranged a special dinner at 9 p.mfor EVR, which was attended by Jekal - the Reporter of Sentinel, Rao - the Chief Reporter of Times of India, Balsarar – Journalist, P. N. Raj Bhoj, Muthaiah Mudaliar – former Minister of Madras, Chockalingam – an advocate and son of the former and others. It was over by 11 p.m.

Though, the full contents of their discussions are not known, it is evident that their meeting has played a crucial role in the Indian politics. It may be noted that within three months, the resolution for the demand of Pakistan (see Appendix.I) was passed by Jinnah on March 25, 1940 at Lahore session of AIML and within seven months Dravidastan by EVR on August, 1940 at Thiruvarur.

After the


passing of Lahore resolution, the relationship between the Justice Party and Muslim League became more intimate. At a joint meeting of Justice Party and Muslim League at Madurai in March 1940, a proposal was made to seek the help of Jinnah for the creation of Dravidastan and Jinnah assured EVR to that effect.In fact, both continued to have good relations.

EVR Meets Jinnah in 1941 at Madras: The 28th Annual session of Muslim League was held in Madras on April 11, 1941 at PeoplesPark. Jinnah came from Bombay to address the opening session and EVR duly graced the occasion by sitting on the dias along with other Dravidian and Muslim League colleagues. The leader on the dias were – EVR, R. K. Shanmugam Chetty - Dewan of Cochin, K.come into your own is to live your own life, according to your culture, according to your language etc., etc.,”7

Thus, Jinnah propounded three nations – Hindustan, Pakistan and Drabidastan for Hindus, Muslims and Dravidians, as if Hindus and Dravidians are different forgetting or ignoring Mahars and other scheduled castes who supported him. In fact, he only argued and worked for Muslims in his attempts with the British based on his two-nation theory. He never popularized the three-nation theory (as mentioned above) or four-nation theory (the fourth one for Scheduled castes)!

EVR Meets Jinnah in 1941 (?) at Madras Again: From the letter of Jinnah8 dated August 17, 1944 (see Appendix - III), it is evident that both met at Madras atleast twice and discussed about Dravidastan and Pakistan. In


fact, it is clear that Jinnah had categorically told EVR and his colleagues that he would join them to support for Dravisdastan, but could not work for their cause, as he would only work for the cause of Muslims and not for non-Muslims. Later, it came out openly in his letter.

EVR Meets Jinnah in 1942 (?) at Delhi: EVR met Jinnah at Delhi and discussed about Pakistan and Dravidastan. Jinnah must have told EVR that as he was representing Muslims, he could not work for the cause of non-Muslims. EVR must have explained his ideology as to how they were different from Hindus by being Dravidians and so on. He might have proved his stand by his speeches and writings. But, because of the pressure of ulema, Jinnahthe Bombay Presidency Mahar Conference in May 30 and 31, 1936, advocating the need to abandon Hinduism10. Annadurai used to assert that both Dravidians and Muslims belong to the same race different from that of Hindus / Aryans. As he was also present during the historical meeting of the three, hisassertions are quoted appropriately11:

“Dravidastan is not an echo of Pakistan, but it has its own origin. In fact, its north Indian reflection is Pakistan. The demand for Pakistan was raised on March 22, 1940 at the Lahore Conference of Muslim League, but the demand for a Dravidanadu made during December 1938 when the Justice Party held its conference at Madras”.

“They are Aryans - we Dravidians. The same research only proved that Muslims are Dravidians with Islamic path. Therefore,


both discussed about Pakistan and Dravidasthan.

As Ambedkar had been consistent with his social, political and economic theories, he might have decided to work within the Constitutional framework. Moreover, he was involved in the division of Maharastra leading to another controversy. Thus, he could become a Minister, in spite of his electoral defeat in 1952 elections.

The offshoot of DK or followers of EVR too had to absolve from the separatist ideology, the moment they won the elections and started ruling Tamilnadu.

Similarities Noted Among the Three: The three different personalities from three different parts of India representing their respective ideologies had some common qualities and characters, which perhaps brought them together to forge a common alliance. They are identified and discussed as follows:

1.Highly Ambitious: Ambedkar with all his education triedto become a mass politician and tried to exploit the caste feelings maximum with his writings. Though, he participated the Round Table Conferences arguing against Gandhi and reportedly the English bestowed leadership on him (a statement made by Suhas Chandra Bose) , he could not overtake Gandhi politically. AsPerhaps, Poona Pact (reached on September 24, 1932) sealed his political ambition. Jinnah’s ambition is open and he exploited Islamic communalism, fanaticism and fundamentalism to achieve his goal. Though once he said, ”It is my ambition to become the Moslem Gokhale”, he became Father of Pakistan! As he desired, he partitioned India and became president of Pakistan. EVR too tried to become mass leader in Tamilnadu, but could not succeed, because of his contradictions. However, later he was called as


bitter critique of Congress and Gandhi in their speeches, writings and action. Inside and outside Congress, they embarrassed Gandhi maximum. Ambedkar clashed with Gandhi over the issue of who represented the interest of untouchables in 1931 and he refused to accept Gandhi’s claim to represent untouchables. The same thing happened, in the case of Jinnah, when ulema discussed as to whether Gandhi could be the leader of Muslims too. Later, when they left Congress, they started attacking Congress and Gandhi openly. For attacking Congress and Gandhi, initially, they started attacking the symbols of traditional Indian factors, later turned into anti-Hindu tirade.

7.Anti-Hindu Ideology and Writings: Their writings exhibit totally anti-Hindu. Though, Jinnah was a Muslim, he had some restriction, but Ambedkar and EVR were virulent in their writings againstHinduism. The small difference between them is that the former excelled in writings and the latter in his speeches, which inturn were published as his works.Ambedkar burned Manu Smriti on December 25, 1927 with great funfare, the birthday of Jinnah! EVR perhaps followed his method later in Tamilnadu. When Ambedkar met EVR at Rangoon on 05-12-1954, during the Thrird World Buddhist Conference urged him to convert to Buddhism. But, EVR replied that if converted himself to Buddhism, then, he could not criticise Hindu religion! Jinnah died as a “Muslim”, Ambedkar as a “Buddhist” and EVR as an “atheist”.

8.Opposition Within Their Groups / Community / Religion: As Jinnah was a Shia and that too exhibiting secular traits ulema dubbed him as a kafir. Mufti Kifayatullah considered him as a


kafir, though later included him in the Muslim quam. Perhaps, the opposition of ulema to him and AIUML made him more persistent to achieve Pakistan proving himself a true Muslim! EVR, though legally was a Hindu, advocated anti-Hinduism. Even the leaders of Justice Party did care his atheism, as their sessions started with singing of Tevaram etc. Ambedkar had to face opposition, when he married a Brahmin lady second time when he was 56, just like, when EVR married Maniammai. Though, Ambedkar was an anti-Hindu ideologist, when his first wife Ramabai, died, he performed last rites with a Hindu priest tonsuring his head! Thus, the critiques point out their contradictions.

9.Rajaji Monitored: Curiously, Rajaji was monitored or even spied for his speeches and moves. EVR in his letter datedAugust 9, 1944 records that, “…..I have been watching carefully the proceedings of Mr Rajagopalacghariar’s formula towards solving the dead-lock and your desire to receive Mr Gandhi at your residence in Bombay…..”. It is too well known to be mentioned that he was a friend of Rajaji. Another interesting incidence recorded by the close relative ofMohammed Ismail and former Rajya sabha member – A. K. Ribayi - is, when Syed Mudsa Hazrat, MLA (Delhi) was travelling in a train from Trichi in 1940, Rajaji and T. S. S. Rajan got in Sri Rangam Station. Syed Hazrat was overhearing the conversation of Rajaji and Rajan from upper berth, when they were discussing about Muslims. Without revealing his identity and pretending as sleeping, he listened to them. After reaching Madras,


sabha member – A. K. Ribayi - is, when Syed Mudsa Hazrat, MLA (Delhi) was travelling in a train from Trichi in 1940, Rajaji and T. S. S. Rajan got in Sri Rangam Station. Syed Hazrat was overhearing the conversation of Rajaji and Rajan from upper berth, when they were discussing about Muslims. Without revealing his identity and pretending as sleeping, he listened to them. After reaching Madras, he straightaway went to Ismail’s house from Egmore station and informed about the conversation to understand the minds13. As Ismail used to meet Jinnah, he might have informed about it. It may be mentioned that Rajaji later in 1944 put forward his scheme, popularly known as Rajaji’s formula wit the approval of Gandhi. The formula was discussed with Gandhi inMarch 1943 but was not communicated to Jinnah. Ambedkar criticised the formula14.

Was Pakistan a Success? Jinnah’s Pakistan has been unsuccessful only, as it is proved that Islam cannot keep the nation together. The creation of Bangladesh has posed a serious question to the separatists who argue based on religion. Pakistan declared several Muslim groups as kafir and even expelled them destroying tyheir mosques. Sind and Baluchistan have been demanding separate nationhood from Pakistan. Recently, on September 17, 2000, many leading Sindhi, Pushtu, Baluch and Mojahir leaders of Pakistan met in London and demanded azadi.

Why Dravidastan Could not be Achieved? Even Ambedkar did not accept the theory of Aryans and Dravidians, in fact, he debunked the Aryan invasion theory in his writings. He argued only for Pakistan for Muslim


or separate electorate for Depressed classes. As his own social, economic and political theories could not support him or realizing the condition, Ambedkar might have dropped the idea of separate nation. The map published by him for Pakistan and Hindustan had no place for Dravidastan or Buddhistan. Realizing the fact or influenced by the factor that religion could pave way for separate nation, he might have been converted to Buddhism later along with his followers to increase the number of Buddhists. But, EVR refused to convert, when Ambedkar putforward this idea on 05-12-44 at Rangoon. Thus, he had to decide himself alone. Unfortunately, he died on the same years, when he converted. Of course, he too could not prove in any state where Depressed class people or Buddhistswere majority in numbers. Thus, Buddhistan could not be achieved.

Conclusion: The meeting of three giants of distinct ideologies representing different communities had been definitely a crucial one. Collectively, what they have achieved through the meeting is debatable, as each perhaps stuck to their respective stands. Jinnah was the first to broke away and achieved separate statehood for Muslims. Ambedkar continued with Government even after independence. His further activities or the dramatic conversion to Buddhism could not fetch any homeland for his followers. His associates, because of politics and power games, abandoned EVR and he had to fight for separate homeland for Dravidians even after independence and DMK had already abandoned the separatism fearing legal action. Thus, EVR had to confine his ideology in breaking Hindu idols, burning figures


so constituted with territorial re-adjusdtment as may be necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority, asin the North-Western and Eastern zones of India, should be grouped to constitute independent States in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign. Adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them and in other parts of India where the Mussalmans are in a minority, adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the Constitution for them and other minorities, for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rightsthe motion to suppress hearing, Detective Parker vaguely informed
him that they had reason to believe there were questionable materials in his
home and therefore his computer was seized.
Detective Parker testified that he could not remember if he specifically
mentioned child pornography.  Detective
Parker then asked Appellant to accompany him to the police station which
according to Detective Parker, Appellant did so voluntarily.  Appellant, however, testified that when he
was asked to go to the police station, he did not have the impression that he
was free to leave.  Appellant testified
that while he was not told he was under arrest and did not feel under arrest at
the time, he also did not feel free to leave.
According to Detective Parker=s
testimony, Appellant was not under arrest at this time.
Appellant was
transported to the police station in a police


two civilian dispatchers to witness the signing of
Appellant=s
statement.  In the presence of the
witnesses, Detective Parker read out loud the document to Appellant and asked
him if those were his own words and his handwriting.  Appellant replied affirmatively to both
questions.  Detective Parker then asked
Appellant if there was anything he wanted to add or change to his statement and
Appellant replied no.  Appellant then
signed the statement while the witnesses were still present.

During this time,
Appellant was calm and appeared only a little nervous.  At no moment during the interview, did
Appellant ask to terminate the conversation and he never asked for an attorney.  Throughout this entire process, Appellant was
not under arrest and was free to leave.
Detective Parker testified that Appellant would have been given a ride
back to his home or he could have calledsomeone to pick him up at the station.
Appellant=s narrative of this event offers a
slightly different account.  According to
Appellant, after waiting in the interview room for a few minutes, Detective
Parker entered and told him that they knew he had images in his computer and
that they wanted to know if he had anything else.  Detective Parker then told him that they were
going to have a conversation but that it could be terminated anytime upon his
request.  Appellant was also told he had
a right to an attorney, but he was not told that he could leave.  He testified that he never heard any of the
formal Miranda rights read to him.
Even prior to writing his statement, Appellant testified that he was not
given any Miranda warnings.  He
did testify however that the statement was his


own and that he was not told
what to write.  On cross-examination,
Appellant testified that before writing his statement, he did in fact read the Miranda
warnings provided at the top of the document in which he wrote his statement in
and that there was nothing about the warnings he did not understand.  Appellant testified that while being
interviewed, he felt like he was under arrest, even though no one told him he
was under arrest.
The total amount
of time Appellant spent at the police station was approximately one hour.  At no moment in the entire evening was the
Appellant handcuffed.  After Appellant
provided his written statement, he was driven home by a police officer.

The search of
Appellant=s
computer uncovered MPEG files depicting children with the background identical
to the surroundings of Appellant=s
home.  Detective Parker testified that
the pictures wereto the Appellant why the police were there and
asked the Appellant to accompany him to the police station.  According to Detective Parker, Appellant did
so voluntarily.  Appellant was not placed
under arrest at this time.  Appellant was
transported to the police station in a police vehicle.  Detective then took Appellant to an interview
room and soon thereafter, advised Appellant of his Miranda rights.  After agreeing to make a written statement,
Appellant was given a document to write his statement on, which at the top,
contained written Miranda rights.

Appellant,
testifying on his own behalf at the hearing, did not dispute that he
voluntarily went to the police station.
He did however testify that with all the people around his home, he was
not given the impression that he was free to leave.  He then testified that no one told


him he was
under arrest and that he did not feel under arrest at the time.  Once at the police station, Appellant
testified that he was not given formal Miranda warnings, except that he
was told he had a right to an attorney.
Additionally, he testified that by this time, he felt he was under
arrest.  On cross-examination, Appellant
testified that he read the Miranda rights on top of the document on
which he wrote his statement and that nothing about them was unclear to
him.  He also testified that he did not
want an attorney at that time.

Appellant was only
in custody approximately one hour.  See
Nenno v. State, 970 S.W.2d 549, 557 (Tex.Crim.App. 1998)(noting that a one
hour interview is a short time period).
There is no evidence that Appellant was threatened or coerced while
being interviewed or inknown as scatter photocoagulation, the area affected may include the entire retina outside the foveal region. The accepted mode of treatment is to lay down an uniform distribution of photocoagulative burns, with spot sizes of 250-500 microns and spaced at 1 times the spot diameter. A typical treatment consist of 1600 burns. The time to position the spot and deliver the laser energy depends on the features of the SL and the skill of the surgeon and is typically 2 seconds per spot. This means that the treatment time is in excess of 60 minutes which is fatiguing to the patient and surgeon. Also, laying down a uniform pattern is difficult and the pattern is typically more random than a geometric in distribution.
When PRP treatment requires surgical intervention,


By The Associated Press

GREENVILLE — A space company from a small town in southern Indiana has been recognized by Mike Pence, the state's former governor and current U.S. vice president.

Pence addressed a room of innovators June 18 during the third meeting of the National Space Council in Washington. Pence introduced John Vellinger as CEO of Techshot, a space company the vice president proudly announced is based in Greenville, Indiana, the News and Tribune reported .

"We all just went crazy over (that)," said Rich Boling, Techshot's vice president of corporate advancement, who was also in the meeting. "It was great to get recognition just for this path that we've been pursuing a long time."

The company was founded in 1989 and develops research equipment and tools for spaceflight, launching manyof its projects to the International Space Station. Vellinger highlighted a 3D bioprinter at the meeting, one of the company's biggest projects.

The bioprinter is expected to launch to the space station next year, with the goal of manufacturing human tissue. The company hopes the machine could one day produce food and pharmaceuticals to help in deep space exploration.

Boling and Vellinger were also in the room when President Donald Trump announced plans for a U.S. military branch focused on space exploration and national security. Techshot already works in military defense, but sees more potential opportunities with a proposed space force.

It "certainly brings to mind all sorts of other implications that we hadn't considered to" support defense, Boling said.


A young Down syndrome woman who became a viral star after 'video bombing' a live TV interview has taken to the skies as a Jetstar flight attendant.

Georgia Knoll, from Mackay in Queensland, rose to stardom after interrupting a live Seven News TV broadcast to say hello to her mum and dad in 2016.

The bubbly 25-year-old, who is an ambassador for people with disabilities, was invited to serve as a hostess for a domestic Jetstar flight last month.

'I'm just trying to break through barriers, push everything aside and be yourself,' Georgia said to Jetstar while decked out in uniform.

'My passion about being a flight attendant is (about) making people happy.'

A young Down syndrome woman who became a viral star after 'video bombing' has taken to the skies as aand said ''we'd love to have her on, can we sort something out here?'''

Kathryn said the family got into contact with the carrier and Georgia was quickly fitted for her orange uniform before being flown from Mackay to Brisbane with her mum Debra.

After learning the ropes and meeting crew and pilots at Brisbane Airport, Georgia was given the chance to shine as a flight attendant on her trip home.

'I'm just trying to break through barriers, push everything aside and be yourself,' Georgia said while decked out in her Jetstar uniform

Jetstar came knocking on Georgia's door after a video of Georgia demonstrating as a flight attendant was shared to Facebook by sister Kathryn

Jetstar saw the video of Georgia demonstrating as a flight attendant and welcomed her on board for


a shift

'On the flight back she did safety demonstrations, she was serving food, greeting all the passengers and she went from Brisbane back to Mackay on the flight and everyone at Jetstar was so welcoming and so lovely,' Kathryn said.

'All of the passengers had a great time, she was talking to everyone, she's just got such a bubbly personality.

'It was probably not your most conventional flight but she just had an absolute ball. It's been a fantastic experience for her.'

Jetstar Cabin Crew Manager, Nicky, said having Georgia on the team was a wonderful experience.

'Georgia is so full of life and is great with our customers, she was such a fantastic addition to our team and we all felt so lucky to have her spend the day with us,'she said in a Jetstar video.

While Georgia loved working as a flight attendant, she is not yet certain whether the career is the perfect fit for her.

Jetstar Cabin Crew Manager, Nicky (left), said having Georgia on the team was a wonderful experience

'Georgia is so full of life and is great with our customers, she was such a fantastic addition to our team and we all felt so lucky to have her spend the day with us,' Nicky said

While Georgia loved working as a flight attendant, she is not yet certain whether the career is the perfect fit for her

Kathryn said Georgia would love any sort of career where she is in the spotlight, whether it be modelling or acting.

'She loves being in the spotlight. She's always talking about


how she'd love to do acting,' she said.

'Anything where she can be in the spotlight and show off her personality. It's so big, it just can't be contained in a normal day to day job.'

Kathryn explained Georgia's love for acting spurred out of watching Glee when she was younger as the TV show featured a character with Down syndrome.

While she pursues other career prospects, Georgia continues to advocate for people with disabilities.

Georgia's sister Kathryn said the 25-year-old would love a career in the spotlight like acting

Georgia is seen greeting passengers as they board for the domestic Jetstar flight from Brisbane to Mackay

Georgia, pictured with the in-flight safety card, learnt the ropes before she boarded the flight

'I think there is a misconception that these people who have disabilities, theySeven presenter Scott Linden's Street Talk segment in Mackay in 2016

Mr Linden gave the excited young woman the opportunity to speak to viewers at home

Georgia first took the internet by storm when she interrupted Channel Seven presenter Scott Linden's Street Talk segment in Mackay in 2016.

'Is someone there?' Mr Linden asks as a giggling Georgia lurks in the background.

Mr Linden gave the excited young woman the opportunity to speak to viewers at home.

'Hey mum, hey dad - love you,' she said.

Mr Linden later posted on Facebook: 'One of the nicest 'video bombs' I've had while filming Street Talk. Hi Georgia.'

Mr Linden added it was 'the most memorable Street Talk' in his ten years hosting the segment.


Food for thought from independent video content.

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Monthly Archives: February 2014

The Road To Guantanamo is the story of four friends who set off from the Midlands in September 2001 for an innocent wedding and holiday in Pakistan. Two and a half years later, only three of them returned home.                              I. FACTS & PROCEDURAL HISTORY

        On September 18, 1981, Reverend Eugene Cochran (“Reverend Cochran”) began his tenure
as Pastor of Robinhood Lane Baptist Church (the “Church”). Thereafter, Reverend Cochran
maintained the position of head pastor at the Church until his death on August 20, 1995. In return
for his services, the Church paid Reverend Cochran a salary as well as providing him with certain
additional benefits such as cell phone services, beeper services, lawn services, and gas and vehicle
maintenance services. At Reverend Cochran’s request, the Church also accorded the majority of
these benefits directly to Reverend