its various parts to vendors and consultants concerned with a particular part or particular parts thereof. These details were trade secrets or protected confidential information of Carborundum.
A situation may be visualized with facility in which Mr. Williams, the manager of a plant competing with this particular activity of Carborundum, would find his new employer stymied in its effort to develop an "SEF" because of some unresolved problem which had been confronted and to which Mr. Williams had the answer because of his participation at Carborundum's plant where the same problem was resolved. With his new employer thus stymied in its effort to become operational as expeditiously as possible and its employee armed with the answer drawing compensation as its chief plant official, it is violative of the generalMonday, April 16, 2007

Letter to the Editor

In response to the "150,000 signatures on smacking referendum petition" article;

Dear Sir,

150,000 Citizens of New Zealand have officially expressed their opposition to Bradford's proposed repeal to Section 59 of the Crimes Act.

Does this mean nothing to our Government?The people of New Zealand are not fooled. Repeal will criminalise parents who lightly smack their children. MPs who state otherwise are not telling the truth, because the bill does explicitly say that smacking for the purpose of correction will be an offense.

The bill should be dropped. At the least, it should come to an immediate binding referendum - due to the outcry from the majority of the people of New Zealand.


Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Major General Mohammad Baqeri has met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Ankara.

Baqeri told reports on Wednesday that bilateral defense ties, regional developments and battling terrorism were the key issues discussed during his meeting with Erdogan.

"On military issues, both sides agreed to have mutual cooperation on education and student exchanges as well as holding joint training courses," Baqeri noted.

He added that it was agreed that both countries would increase information exchange in the field of counter-terrorism.

Baqeri noted that Erdogan would be traveling to Iran in the near future, and that a joint strategic commission would be held between the two countries with the presence of high-ranking officials with the goal of devolving bilateral economic, political, cultural and military ties.

Thetop Iranian commander also noted that during the meeting, it was agreed that holding an independence referendum by Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdistan region would only increase tensions in Iraq and its neighboring countries.

A handout picture released by the Turkish president's press office on August 16, 2017 shows Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (C) and Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces Hulusi Akar (R) meeting with Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Major General Mohammad Baqeri at the presidential complex in Ankara.

In June, the leader of Iraq’s semi-autonomous region Kurdistan region, Massoud Barzani, announced in a Twitter message that the northern territory would hold an independence referendum in September not only in the three provinces that make up the Kurdish region but in the


areas that are disputed by the Kurdish and the central Iraqi governments.

Following the announcement, the Iraqi government issued a statement saying that it would reject any unilateral move by the regional Kurdish authorities to push for independence.

Read More:

On Tuesday, Baqeri met with his Turkish counterpart General Hulusi Akar and discussed ways to improve the two countries’ security, particularly in border areas, and continue the fight against terrorism.

Baqeri arrived in Ankara on Tuesday for a three-day visit at the head of a high-ranking politico-military delegation. He said his trip was aimed at discussing enhanced cooperation on military and regional issues.

It is the first visit by an Iranian chief of staff of the Armed Forces to Turkey.Alkane Resources’ Plant 95% built and ready to Gold produce in 2 months

December 15, 2013 —Tracy Weslosky, Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of InvestorIntel interviews Ian Chalmers, Managing Director of Alkane Resources Ltd. (ASX: ALK | OTCQX: ALKEF), a mining and exploration company focused on gold, zirconium, niobium and rare earths. The Company’s projects are located in Central West of New South Wales, Australia. The $1B Dubbo Zirconia Project (DZP), with an estimated open pit mine life of 70+ years that is expected to process 1 million tonnes of ore throughput/annum. The ore body containing zirconium, yttrium, niobium, hafnium and rare earths, has a surface area of over 45 ha. When fully into production, the project – with 99% of product destined for overseas – will be a significant export


and it is estimated they will be around for at least 100,000 years longer.

Gallery

See also
 List of Messier objects
 Eagle Nebula in fiction
 Pillars of Creation

References

External links

 The Eagle's EGGs – ESO Photo Release
 ESO: An Eagle of Cosmic Proportions incl. Photos & Animations
 ESO: VST Captures Three-In-One incl. Photos & Animations
 M16 @ Seds.org, SEDS Messier page on M16
 Spacetelescope.org, Hubble telescope images on M16
 Darkatmospheres.com, Eagle Nebula M16 (wide)
 NASA.gov, APOD February 8, 2009 picture Eagle Nebula

 Eagle Nebula (Messier 16) at Constellation Guide

Category:Carina–Sagittarius Arm
Category:Messier objects
Category:Serpens (constellation)
Category:Open clusters
Category:NGC objects
Category:H II regions
Category:Sharpless objects
17451231
Category:Star-forming regionsTHE story of one of the biggest shocks in the history of the FIFA World Cup – which happened right here in the North-East – will be retold in a special event this weekend.

North Korea's famous Pak Doo Ik inspired a win over Italy at Ayresome Park in Middlesbrough in 1966 and bonds between Teesside and North Korea will be the focus of a talk in the recently renovated Courtroom in Middlesbrough Town Hall by historian and Boro fan Dr Tosh Warwick.

The result knocked out of the World Cup one of the most powerful footballing nations and tournament heavyweights.

The Koreans ended up advancing to the quarter-finals in the process, where they were beaten 5-3 by Portugal at Everton's Goodison Park.

The event follows the publication of The FIFA World


Cup, International Friendship and the Mystery Men of the East: When Middlesbrough Fell in Love with North Korea' in the North Korean Review, the world's only English language journal devoted wholly to the study of North Korea.

Published by McFarland Books in the USA, the special edition features research from workshops held at the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) including the tale of Teessiders' growing support for the ‘mystery men of the east' during the 1966 FIFA World Cup and the relationship in the 21st century.

Details of the unique Middlesbrough-North Korean international bond will also feature in the Playing Pasts online magazine for Sport and Leisure History later in the month.

Dr Tosh Warwick said: “The story of Boro’s connection with the North Korean football heroes of 1966 is oneof a most unlikely international friendship that has endured into the twenty-first century. The talk explores the story of 1966 and the various ways the relationship has evolved since. As well as looking at football it also looks at the role played by the fantastic Game of Their Lives documentary, arts initiatives, cultural exchanges and visits to Teesside and Pyongyang”

“At a time of heightened focus on problems of racism in football, the story of the Boro-Pyongyang connection illustrates how football can help bring different cultures and peoples together”.

For more information about the event, visit www.middlesbroughtownhall.co.uk.

l Match Report - Memories


The Infamous Bet: John McAfee's 2020 Price Target Shows BTC Undervalued by $37K

John McAfee is once again discussing the notorious wager he made back in November 2017 when he predicted that bitcoin will reach a million dollars before the end of 2020. McAfee is reportedly on the run from the IRS, but his worries don’t end there: according to statistics, his bet is currently $37,000 light of reaching its $1 million per bitcoin target.

Also Read: Digital Currency Donors and Crypto-Backed Endowments Fuel Higher Learning

Bitcoin Price Needs to Go Parabolic to Reach John McAfee’s $1M Prediction by 2020

Back in the summer of 2017, bitcoin core (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies saw their fiat values start to heat up before prices rocketed in the fall. In July the former antivirus tycoonTCU’s path to NCAAs considerably tougher after loss

TCU has made steady progress under first-year coach Jamie Dixon, but the Frogs still have holes to fill as they pursue a possible NCAA tournament berth. Brad LoperSpecial to the Star-Telegram

TCU has made steady progress under first-year coach Jamie Dixon, but the Frogs still have holes to fill as they pursue a possible NCAA tournament berth. Brad LoperSpecial to the Star-Telegram

TCU is one of the great stories of this college basketball season and on Wednesday night it hosted one of its biggest games to date and was greeted by too many empty seats to count.

We’re not talking about continuing that fraud sellout streak at American Airlines Center for a bad Dallas Mavericks team; TCU plays in a posh 6,700-seat arena where


first season in Fort Worth, Wednesday was a clear indication of the strides that need to be made on the floor, and in the stands, which is something the coach is doggedly determined to improve for his second season.

In order for TCU to feel good about its chances to make the NCAA tournament in his first season, and for the first time since 1998, defeating T. Boone State at home was at the top of the to-do list.

Nonetheless, this was not the game TCU could afford to lose. It could have major implications as far as TCU receiving an invite to the National Intramural Tournament (NIT) bracket. Of course, the NIT should be cause for celebration, as well. TCU hasn’t been in the NIT since 2005.

TCU has fiveThe Carbon Rush

Showtimes

Venue

Cap and trade was supposed to be the solution to curbing carbon emissions, but sometimes the best plans have unintended consequences. The Carbon Rush takes us across four continents to see up-close the projects working through the United Nations’ Kyoto Protocol-designed Clean Development Mechanism. These projects often have negative impacts on local communities. Adding market incentives to create a new industry may benefit project owners, but the poorest and most vulnerable suffer loss of land, jobs and even life.

The Film Society of Lincoln Center celebrates American and international cinema, to recognize and support new filmmakers, and to enhance awareness, accessibility and understanding of the art among a broad and diverse film going audience.


EUGENE -- Oregon is now seven practices deep into spring football after practicing under sunny skies at the Hatfield-Dowlin Complex on Monday, almost halfway to the May 3 spring game.

Here are some quick points from today's practice:

-- Mark Helfrich was asked a range of questions, from backup quarterbacks to backup defensive linemen and more.

First, here was his review of Monday's practice: "I thought we got after it pretty good early on. Offense won a few, defense won a few and just a great competitive spirit kind of day."

Sam Kamp, Helfrich said, is as close to being 100 percent healthy as he has been after three serious of various "nicks and dings." He's also put on nearly 30 pounds in the offseason, though he's still learning how to useRodrigues holds an edge in athleticism, but Jeff Lockie is more consistent in minimizing mistakes.

"Those guys did some good things in the scrimmage, also had a couple things that they would definitely like to have back," Helfrich said. "Jeff probably made a few more plays than Jake did overall. Taylor Alie also had a really good scrimmage."

-- Redshirt freshman receiver Darren Carrington said that while he sat on the sideline for the last week with a right hand injury, he took "mental reps" he hopes will pay off.

Carrington was dressed in uniform Monday, the first time I'd seen that in about a week. He still wore what looked to be a brace on his hand, however.

"(First two weeks) have gone pretty well, just trying to keep my mind


a lateral impact is applied to a sidewall of the grid 110. In the fuel assembly 100, the spring force of the grid 110 may be gradually reduced due to neutron irradiation of the assembly 110. The spacer grid 110 has to be designed to maintain an effective spring force capable of continuing elastic contact of the springs 114 with a fuel rod 106 until the existing rod 106 is changed with a new one.
In the above fuel assembly 100, the fuel rods 106 may be grown in an axial direction A due to the neutron irradiation, and so the grids 110 have to be designed to appropriately support the rods 106 while allowing such an axial growth of the rods 106. However, when the spring force ofto the surface, the blower having a first port, a second port, and an impeller that rotates around an axis, the blower oriented such that the axis is perpendicular to the surface and non-intersecting with the heat exchanger, wherein the blower moves air through the heat exchanger, wherein the blower moves air across the heat exchanger and also across at least one of the one or more electronic components.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein the surface is a circuit board.

19. The system according to claim 17, wherein air flows into the first port and out the second port.

20. The system according to claim 17, wherein air flows into the second port and out the first port.

21. The system according to claim 17, wherein the closed-loop fluidic


crazy!

George Washington III

George has provided voice over services in documentaries, video games, radio and television commercials and web ads for virtually every aspect of the voice-over industry. He has represented companies like McDonalds, Courtyard by Marriott, Whole Foods, Big Lots, Time Warner Cable, and Lowe’s Home Improvement.

Trish Basanyi

Trish is a regular feature and co-host of the popular Internet program, the Voice Over Cafe, where some of the industry’s top Voice Talent are interviewed and where secrets are shared. Trish's voice is widely used in all genres of voice over work, including many radio and TV commercials.

George Wittham

George has built a business that works solely with voice-over studios and clients. His extensive knowledge of computers, software, equipment, and troubleshooting abilities makes him a sought after expert and indispensable on-calllow-paying job, helping out the most medically challenged special education students. She enjoys her work and is loved by her students. After my re-election last year, she started noticing she was being repeatedly harassed by the district administration, apparently because of her relationship with me. Over time I did some fact-finding and tried to defuse the situation. But her harassment continues to this day. For my advocacy on her part and on behalf of her students, the superintendent accused me of assault.

I can understand if I’ve seemed agitated at times when advocating for a family member. I might have used my outdoor voice. If others took offense at these actions, I am sorry. But there is nothing illegal about a School Board member advocating for a family member


genetic: 1/25 of 38

Edgar Vaid reviews the biography of a man who, after a supernatural experience, takes it upon himself to clone species of tree that he deems 'special'; trees that he believes may be crusaders in the fight against global warming ...more...

Cheap meat has become a way of life in much of Europe, but the full price is being paid across Latin America as vast soya plantations and their attendant chemicals lead to poisonings and violence. Andrew Wasley reportsmore...

Powermakers in the EU are getting frustrated with slow approval of genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) and are voting in April on measures to speed up the process, says MEP and Plaid Cymru president Jill Evansmore...

Agribusiness accused of 'scaremongering' lobbying tactics as it pushes for the import of animal feed containingwork in 1963. At the time of their marriage Bernice was employed as a full-time psychiatric social worker at the University of Pittsburgh. Mike was not employed during his last year of medical school and brought considerable educational debt into the marriage.
Upon Mike's graduation from medical school, Bernice quit her job and they moved to San Francisco, where Mike completed his residency training. They then moved to Bethesda, Maryland, where Mike worked for the Public Health Service. Bernice worked as a social worker at Jewish Family & Children's Services for eighteen months. At this time, the couple adopted a three-day-old infant.
Shortly after the adoption, the family moved to Denver, where Mike began training in pediatric allergy and pulmonary medicine. Bernice could not work outside the home due to


restrictions imposed by their adoption agency. Mike and Bernice adopted another child, Marc, when their first son, David, was eight months old. Bernice became pregnant five months before they were to leave Denver. Their third child, Sharon, was born in 1972 in California, where Mike had begun his private practice.
Mike became dissatisfied with private practice and ultimately secured a position on the medical faculty at the University of Iowa in 1975. Bernice found employment as a part-time research assistant at the university. She then found employment in the pediatrics department which Mike had created. The couple also adopted another daughter, Kendra, at this time.
Mike currently is a full professor of pediatrics at the university and is also director of the University of Iowa Cystic Fibrosis Center. Mike earnsis appropriate.
The parties were married over twenty-seven years. Bernice gave up her career pursuits in nursing and social work in order to support Mike in his medical career and to raise their four children. Throughout their marriage, Bernice was responsible for finding new housing and taking care of the children during each move to a new location. Although she worked outside of the home on occasion for short periods since the adoption of their first child, her primary and full-time job has been as a mother and homemaker.
At the time of trial Bernice was fifty-nine years old and had some minor health problems. Dr. Jane Anderson, Bernice's psychologist, testified Bernice suffers from cyclical depression. Although Bernice has maintained a current nursing license, her full-time employment opportunities are limited.


with Blue Eyes Before You", Stefani sings about the most romantic moments regarding her relationship with Shelton. Cinquemani described the track as "less a Christmas song than an ode to the country crooner’s recessive genes". "Christmas Eve", the closing and standard edition's twelfth track, is also the second promotional recording from the album. It serves as the first song recorded and completed for You Make It Feel Like Christmas. Shelton recorded his own version of "Christmas Eve" which appears as a bonus track on the 2017 reissued edition of his Christmas album Cheers, It's Christmas (2012).

Release

You Make It Feel Like Christmas was first released internationally on October 6, 2017 through Interscope Records. A version of the CD exclusive to Target Corporation stores was released the same dayFeel Like Christmas was filmed in Los Angeles in front of a live studio audience. NBC's premiere broadcast of the special was seen by 7.151 million viewers, according to Nielsen Media Research. It also received a 1.2 share among adults between the ages of 18 to 49, and generated NBC's second biggest overall audience in its time slot. Gwen Stefani's You Make It Feel Like Christmas became the year's most-watched holiday special on NBC, beating the previous record set by DreamWorks Trolls Holiday, which was watched by 5.2 million viewers. She performed various songs from the album as part of the set list, including "My Gift Is You", "White Christmas", and "You Make It Feel Like Christmas".

Critical reception

You Make It Feel Like Christmas received generally favorable reviews


embargo on Japan or Japan decides to focus on taking away Russian oil fields instead of Pacific/U.S. oil fields.

U.S. continues to sell oil. U.S. avoids any entry into the war. Japan mostly ignores Russia and keeps expanding in China and occupying the Dutch East Indies and British and French colonies. USSR eventually defeats Germany. But it takes longer. Most of Europe becomes socialist/communist but never reclaims its colonies from Japan. Three Super Powers emerge. USSR, Imperial Japan, and the U.S. The U.S. might be the least of these. After seeing the loss of life by others in WW II might even reinforce its pacifistic nature.
U.S. cuts off oil and Japan focuses on Russia. Russian troops are better equipped than the Japanese. The Japanese suffer disproportionate losses and onlymake gradual gains with much loss of life. Their continual pressure forces Russia to keep troops in the east though. Valuable reinforcements are missing at key battles. Russia loses Stalingrad and the Caucasus. Their military machine is crippled without the extra oil.  The Japanese focus on Russia eventually allows them to make headway and gain the Eastern oil fields as well. Russia is unlikely to surrender and continues fighting for years. Eventually turning into a guerilla war and terrorist strikes. The Axis powers win. However terrorism and separatist movements are likely to cause unrest for decades to come. Unless more mass genocides wipe them out. This rout makes it more likely the U.S. would enter the war. But they might only declare war on Germany. Without the


the other refers to specifically working with pitchers. He was a combined minus 17 runs in both categories last season.

Key Changes

Officially there are no changes. That is a unique situation for the Marlins as they have been team turnover for much of the decade. However, they did not have Justin Bour for much of the season at first base or Dee Gordon for much of the season at second base. One missed because he was in the minors while the other missed due to a suspension. The net difference is probably negligible as Gordon has been a positive impact fielder and Bour has been a negative impact performer.

Key Pitchers

The key question for most fantasy players is how new performers will perform on their new teams. Both Wei-yin ChenSeverance of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter implanted between the cerebral ventricle and peritoneal cavity, resulting in protrusion from the anus.
One rare complication of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is perforation of the gastrointestinal tract by the catheter. We report a case in which the catheter severed spontaneously inside the peritoneal cavity, creating a communication between the intestinal tract and the peritoneal cavity. The patient was a 41-year-old man who presented with a VP shunt catheter protruding from the anus. Computed tomography showed that the VP shunt catheter, which had been put in place 25 years earlier, had severed spontaneously. The distal end had then perforated and entered the intestinal tract. The patient was hospitalized and emergency surgery was performed to repair the intestinal tract perforation caused by the end


of the VP shunt catheter. Laparotomy revealed that the catheter had perforated the sigmoid colon. The VP shunt catheter was removed, and the perforation in the intestinal tract was closed by suturing. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 20.Baby Sightings is Kern County and Bakersfield’s original and first 3D/4D prenatal ultrasound studio and maternity boutique. Where the Mother and the Father to be can revel in a relaxed and comfortable setting to meet and greet the newest member of their family. Learn More.

Linda is recognized as one of the premier photographers across the central coast. She has won awards for her photographic style and excellence. Linda started her photography career 13 years ago as the outdoor photographer for a busy portrait studio. She attended college in...

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Baby Sightings is Kern County and Bakersfield’s original and first 3D/4D prenatal ultrasound studio and maternity boutique. Where the Mother and the Father to be can revel in a relaxed and


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Monday, July 13, 2009

Sotomayor by the minute

I found USA Today's blog, with bite-sized updates all day on the Sotomayor hearings, fairly useful. It includes an explanation of Mike Huckabee robocalling against Sotomayor in Iowa. He was working in behalf of anti-abortion group, one of the stalwarts of his Iowa caucus base.

Sounds like Sen. Al Franken got off to a serious and measured start as a member of the Judiciary Committe, but with a good jab at the conservative judicial activists now in control of the Supreme Court.

More by Max Brantley

Gary Heathcott the long-time ad and PR man who now lives in San Antonio has sued CJRW, the major ad and PR firm, over its severing of atrailer in a mobile home park at 11500 Chicot Road.

Well, the trade war has begun and the early returns for farmers are not good — sharp reductions in the prices for soybeans and corn. You may have heard that Arkansas, which overwhelmingly supported Donald Trump, has some agricultural interests, particularly in soybeans.

It's the New York Times with the news today. Fired FBI Director James Comey kept notes of his talks with Donald Trump. A memo he wrote in February after a meeting with Trump said the president asked him to shut down the investigation into Michael Flynn, his former national security adviser.

by Max Brantley

May 16, 2017

Slideshows

Arkansas vs Ole Miss at War Memorial stadium in Little Rock, Saturday, Oct. 13, 2018. After leading for much of the game, Arkansas


in a statement that as the splashdown area of the rocket’s second stage was anticipated to be ”just east of Luzon”, all flights passing through the area during the launch period would have their routes adjusted.

These include about a dozen flights between Manila and the US, Canada, Japan and South Korea.

Philippine officials have also declared a no-fly zone and warned ships and fishing boats to avoid the area where rocket debris could fall.Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party). After Stresemann's death, the DVP, whose ranks included several anti-republicans, veered sharply to the right.

The current Free Democratic Party (FDP), which was the joint successor of the DVP and the social liberal German Democratic Party (DDP), originally featured conservative and partly nationalist efforts, which were particularly strong in some state associations until the 1950s and more occasionally after that (an interesting example is that of Jürgen Möllemann, FDP leader in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1983–1994 and 1996–2002) and still includes a national-liberal faction, which holds a consistently Eurosceptic position, differently from the rest of the party. Some right-wing elements, including Sven Tritschler (former leader of the Stresemann Club), have more recently joined the Alternative for Germany (AfD), which has in turn been


characterised by some observers as national liberal.

Austria
In Austria-Hungary, the Constitutional Party was the main representative of national liberalism. In Austria, national liberalism has remained the basis of one of the three Lager, or ideological camps, in the country, dating back to the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire. During the interwar period, the national-liberal camp was gathered into the Greater German People's Party. By 1938, with the Anschluss of Austria into Nazi Germany, the national-liberal camp had been swallowed whole by Austrian National Socialism and all other parties were eventually absorbed into Nazi totalitarianism. Both Socialists and Christian Socials were persecuted under the Nazi regime and the national-liberal camp was scarred after the war due to guilt by association with National Socialism.

In 1949, the Federation of Independents14 posts from February 13, 2013

February 13, 2013

The Republican savior is trying to turn water into campaign wine. Twitter reader @

After last night's weird moment of thirst during Rubio's State of the Union rebuttal (SOTUr), he started hawking water bottles for his PAC, Reclaim America. In return for $25, it's offering water bottles
emblazoned with "RUBIO" in big red letters along with the name of the
committee's website, reclaimamericapac.com.

Rubio was Twitter's toast (both in the alcohol and bread sense) Tuesday night when he interrupted his live speech for three seconds to gulp Poland Spring water. Hours later, this morning, Rubio faced ABC and FOX and brought along a water bottle for a gag.

If you want to win when you lost or turn a weakness into a strength, this is the


way to do it.

Will it be a good way to get money? He's certainly getting the attention.

Prior to being tapped for the speech, Time magazine dubbed Rubio the "Republican Savior" when it comes to immigration, which he's trying to reform with a bipartisan group of fellow senators. Liberals hate the moniker. Republicans like it. Rubio said only Jesus is the savior.

But where Jesus converted water into wine, Rubio's trying to turn it into coin.

After glossing over state Republicans' role in exacerbating long lines at the ballot box, three Fox hosts mocked the hours-long wait and multiple trips a 102-year-old woman endured in order to cast her vote in 2012.

On Fox News Radio's Kilmeade & Friends, host Brian Kilmeade and Fox's Martha MacCallum and Bill Hemmer laughed off thedifficulties 102-year-old Desiline Victor endured in order to vote in the 2012 election. Victor, who was invited to the State of the Union address and whom President Obama applauded for enduring a long wait to vote, had to make two trips to the polls and wait in line for over three hours before she was able to cast her ballot. Discussing Victor, MacCallum wondered, "What's the big deal?" and said, "This is such a non-issue. Ridiculous." Hemmer added that at the State of the Union, "They held her up as a victim. What was she a victim of?"

Full post, including audio, here. Read The Miami Herald story about Desiline Victorhere.

For three years, former Republican Party of Florida Chairman Jim Greer denied doing anything wrong and promised a trial


2013.

Although the path is clearer, the state Board of Governors still has some decisions to make when it comes to online education. The board's Strategic Planning Committee decided today that one school should serve as a lead organization, creating new degrees and conducting research on ways to improve online education. But the panel said it's too soon to say which of the 12 state universities that should be.

Creating more online degrees is a priority of House Speaker Will Weatherford, and the Strategic Planning Committee had several options to chose from based on a report it commissioned. One option was creating a new online-only university, but it was unpopular among existing colleges and universities and Weatherford recently said he would not push for that.

In addition to chosing one ofthe other options -- letting one university serve as a "lead institution" -- the committee also said it wants Chancellor Frank Brogan to create a workgroup to improve coordination between schools regarding online courses and degrees.

After winning election as an outsider in 2010, Gov. Rick Scott initially refused to invite lobbyists into his Capitol office (only their clients). But in his first two years as Florida's chief executive, Scott has steadily developed a closer relationship with the people whose connections, clients and money are virtually impossible to ignore in state politics.

That relationship has just reached a new level, after Scott and chief of staff Adam Hollingsworth quietly invited some of the Capitol's most prominent lobbyists to the mansion over a couple of nights last week, where the governor


Drunk student walks into wrong flat, goes to sleep in bed

A drunk student walked into the wrong house on Saturday night, found a bed and slept in it.

A couple living in a flat in Manchester found the (still drunk) student asleep in their spare bed on Sunday morning at 9:30am.

He had apparently wandered into a random flat, presumingly thinking it to be his own, after a night out. Thinking he'd found his own bed, the 22 year old went to sleep, only to wake up with concerned looking strangers above him, contacting the police.

Greater Manchester Police said the occupants were “obviously concerned” after discovering the student (who we'll nickname Goldilocks) in their bed.

“It was quickly established that it was a student who had got drunk at a nearbythat said boundari line has
    never been defined. surveJed. marked and due re-
    tarns tbemol  made in aaaordanoe with lsw, and
    that the Cotmty and CaPaisaloners*Court or Gaines
    County, Terry Comxty, imd Yoaktm County harln6
    met jointly IA Bramiield, Texas, on thls date
    a.adanxtusllyamed    that thensaid l.ineshould be
    aurveyed,marked and due returns made permanent-
    ly establishIn&said line by agreement as folla6:
         "That ths South line of Yoakum Ootmty anb the
    Horth line of GalAes Cotmty, aAd the South line of
    Terry bounty adja6eAt to said North


Freeman, Page 5

County on east side and HE0 County on west side and tied s-e
lntc three railroad survey corners, as well as other objects
in the vIoIn1t.y. From that point, he proceeded rest and marked
on the ground, miles 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 21, 23, 25, SO,
32, 35, 3SBr40, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, and the northwest corner
of Gaines County, saw being the southwestcorner of Yoahrm
0ouuty;In the east line of State of,Wew Herioo and tied his
corner Into several objects on the ground as well as "a man-
ument establishedby Twlchell, mile 70 north frolasoutheast
corner of New %zloo, a stone SW by 12" by 18" long set in the
ground". Typloal of woods* manner of marking mllelrand
corners on t,hepound was to dig a pit, build a mound, drire
a stake ln  and Gaines Countlea had never been%urveysd before the
Woods survey. -Before the OolPmisalonercould properly describe
the school lands tc bs sold in Oaines and Terry ~ountlea, he
had to know which counties they were in, which would, of
course, necessitate the location of their conEon line. There-
rore, it Is oar furthar opinion that the Uommissioner'spurpose
was tc have looatdd, establishedand marked on the prormd, the
north line of Mines County and the couth llne or Terry County,
a oommon line, in order to carry out the mandates of said Act,
with reference to the sale and lease of school lands In those
counties.
          As stated above, the Woods field notes r8turBed to
and on file j,nthe Land Office, show that he a?mkad tmnty-oaa
or ths rorty-nine and a


witnesses were observing the UFO.

Local residents were surprised and even frightened by the sight of the UFO. Some even tried throwing rocks at the object, in an attempt to shoo it away. Soon four pictures would be taken, forever documenting the event for posterity and further study by UFO students.

Manuel Gomes, sitting at a local diner, was soon told of the sightings. He was a photojournalist and worked with the Morning Journal News. He quickly gathered his camera and rushed to the location of the latest reported sighting.

He managed to take four photographs of the object. He was unable to identify the object as anything he had seen before. He turned over his report and photographic negatives to the CNIFO research group, who began an investigation into theevents of the day.

After about an hour, the unidentified object finally flew away into the horizon, leaving many questions as to its origin and purpose. As researchers began to discuss the sightings, various theories were offered.

The photographs taken by Gomes were examined and found not to have been tampered with. What was seen in the Alfena skies was exactly what was on his photographs. The big mystery was: what was the object?

Of the many theories offered, the most plausible was that the object was some type of observation device, possibly launched by the military. However, the military claimed to have nothing in the air at that time and location.

The case of the Alfena, Portugal craft remains unsolved to this day.


1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to vehicle wheel and tire technology and, more particularly, to improved wheel and tire systems for non-pneumatic tires and pneumatic, low profile tires.
2. Description of the Related Art
Most vehicles utilize wheels and tires to control the motion of the vehicle and absorb and transmit the forces associated with the vehicle's mobility. The typical wheel and tire system comprises a solid circular structure, the wheel, mounted to an axle of the vehicle. A tire, typically made of rubber, is mounted on the wheel structure at the point called the rim of the wheel. The tire is generally held in place on the wheel by a combination of the tire's inner structural support members, comprising partly of the tire bead and cord, andHalf-Year After Takeover, Russia Controls Crimea

Six months after it was annexed by Russia, most nations still consider Crimea part of Ukraine. But Morning Edition's David Greene tells NPR's Scott Simon the republic is clearly dominated by Russia.

SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

Out of Crimea, which was annexed by Moscow in March. This week Russia's Central Bank reportedly released two coins commemorating the takeover, with images of Crimea, inscribed with the phrase Russian Federation. The U.S. and most other countries still consider Crimea part of Ukraine, but it doesn't feel that way on the ground.

Our colleague from MORNING EDITION, David Greene, has spent the last week reporting in Crimea. He joins us now from Lenin Square in Simferopol.

David, thanks so much for being with us.

DAVID GREENE, BYLINE: No problem, Scott. It's good


a tense GOP primary to unseat first-term Democratic Sen. Tammy Baldwin, while Gov. Scott Walker cruised to the Republican nomination in his reelection campaign. In southeast corner of the state, Bryan Steil won the GOP nomination in Wisconsin's 1st Congressional District, the seat House Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) will vacate at the end of the year.

On Twitter, Trump congratulated Vukmir on her "great win" and threw in a dig at Baldwin, writing that the GOP Senate nominee will "make a fantastic Senator after winning in November against someone who has done very little." Of Steil, who will face Democrat Randy Bryce in November's election, the president wrote that he "will be replacing a great guy in Paul Ryan, and your win in November will make the entire Stateof Wisconsin very proud."

Walker, Trump wrote, "is very special and will have another great win in November."

Elsewhere in the Midwest, Trump endorsed Republican Jeff Johnson, who defeated former Gov. Tim Pawlenty in Minnesota's GOP gubernatorial primary. Johnson will run against Democratic Rep. Tim Walz in the general election.

"Jeff Johnson of Minnesota had a big night in winning the Republican nomination for Governor against a very strong and well known opponent!" Trump wrote. "Thanks for all of the support you showed me. You have my complete and total Endorsement. You will win in November!"

Trump also offered an endorsement for Pete Stauber, the runaway winner of the GOP primary in Minnesota's 8th Congressional District. Stauber will run in November against Joe Radinovich to fill the seat that will be left


vacant by retiring Rep. Rick Nolan (D-Minn.).

"[email protected] won big last night in Minnesota. A big star in Hockey, he will be an even bigger star in politics," the president wrote online. "It all begins with a win in November. Pete has my complete and total Endorsement!"

Trump also tweeted his support for gubernatorial candidate Bob Stefanowski in New England, who he deemed "a major difference maker."

"It is about time that Connecticut had a real and talented Governor. Bob Stefanowski is the person needed to do the job. Tough on crime, Bob is also a big cutter of Taxes," Trump wrote.

The president also endorsed his "friend and very early supporter" Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, who edged out Kansas Gov. Jeff Colyer to win the GOP gubernatorial nomination.Colyer conceded to Kobach on Tuesday, a week after that election. Kobach was an active member on the president's voter fraud commission.

My friend and very early supporter Kris Kobach won the Republican Nomination for Governor of Kansas last night in a tough race against a very fine opponent. Kris will win in November and be a great Governor. He has my complete and total Endorsement! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 15, 2018

While political prognosticators have forecast the potential for a so-called "blue wave" of Democratic victories in this fall's midterms, spurred in part by the president's low popularity, Trump has insisted that November will deliver a "red wave" of Republican wins that will maintain or perhaps strengthen the GOP majorities on Capitol Hill. While Trump's endorsements have


proven powerful in GOP primaries, they could have the opposite effect in November's general election, when candidates will seek to win swing voters, not the deep-red base.

Even as the president celebrated the GOP victors, Tuesday's primaries were widely seen as a milestone for Democrats ahead of the midterms. Vermont voters made Christine Hallquist the first openly transgender candidate for a governorship, and Jahana Hayes is expected to be the first black member of Connecticut's Congressional delegation. Minnesota state Rep. Ilhan Omar won the Democratic primary in her state's 5th Congressional District, putting her in position to be the first Muslim female elected to Congress if she prevails in November.after the team's consolation win in the final ODI last night.

"Today I couldn't get the off-spinner (Nasir Hossain) away and he hit a four and a six in an over against him. That kept me from taking any unwarranted risk. He also rotates the strike excellently when required and doesn't let any scoreboard pressure build on his partner. Having him in the middle-order is very advantageous for us. I feel it's a very good move," he added.

After being outplayed in the first two games to lose their first bilateral series against Bangladesh, India fought back to win the final ODI by 77 runs. Young Bangladesh left-arm pacer Mustafizur Rahman was the star of the series with 13 wickets in his bag. Dahwan though believes that the "unknown factor"


and favourable pitch conditions made the bowler more effective.

"First of all there was the unknown factor since we had never seen or faced him before. Secondly, he knew the conditions very well. His slower ball was very effective here because he was getting that turn from the wicket. He bowls that slower one at the right length and so, was the perfect bowler for this pitch," he said.

Dhawan, who also scored a strokeful 173 in the lone Test against the hosts, admits that the Men in Blue were hurt by the opening two losses. "We were really hurt that we lost the series against Bangladesh. The bottom line was that they played good cricket and we didn't.

Those two losses hit everyone hard and we all looked back atGuilford County. After a brief stay by mother in the "Children's Home Society," her placement was again disrupted because of her "violence and disrespect to the property of others." Mother then moved in with her godmother for a week and then to her grandmother but she ran away after one day. On 16 March 2004, mother was placed in a group home in Greensboro, and on 27 June 2004 she ran away from that placement. In August 2004, mother was placed with her former stepmother; this placement ended after two weeks.
On 18 August 2004, mother, who was pregnant with her second child Cody, was placed in the Florence Crittenton Maternity Home in hopes of placing C.J. with her before the new year. Within one week of finalizing the


plan to reunite mother with C.J., mother "got into a fight . . . and then ran away that weekend." Mother was permitted to return to Florence Crittenton; however, she had difficulty following the home's rules. For example, mother violated curfew and left without permission. Additionally, during a permitted visit to her cousin's home, mother "was out of control." Consequently, when asked to describe mother's compliance with her case plan, Roberson testified that while mother maintained regular visitation with C.J. and cared for him appropriately, she failed to attend school and therapy regularly and cooperate with her placements. Roberson further testified that mother had accumulated several criminal charges including assault on a minor child and misdemeanor larceny.
Mother gave birth to her second child, Cody, who was adjudicated asa dependent juvenile on 9 May 2005. In April 2005, mother had entered into a case plan with Karen Hall of DSS. According to Hall, the main purposes of the new plan were for mother to attain and maintain emotional and residential stability. After Cody's birth, mother moved in with her aunt in High Point on 19 April 2004. During this period, mother was allowed two hour visits with C.J. twice each month. However, when DSS brought C.J. to mother, C.J. "didn't want to go to [her], and called [a DSS worker] `mommy.'" Also during this visit, Cody was sitting in a baby carrier on the hardwood floor and rocked back and forth "very, very fiercely." Hall was concerned that mother would drop Cody as she was holding


him on her hip. In response, Hall testified, mother became very upset and made "definite verbal threats" to her. In addition, mother told Hall, "[y]ou better not come around here again." As a result of this incident, Cody was removed from mother's care on an emergency basis "given the inability to control her emotions and behavior with the child on her lap[.]"
Mother moved to a therapeutic foster home in Winston-Salem in August 2005, followed by a similar home in Greensboro. Hall further testified that mother was unable to fully comply with the provisions of any of her case plans or visitation agreements, and that she frequently exhibited "threatening or assaultive behavior[.]" In addition, mother tested positive for the use of marijuana, and had no record of employment ather ability to make greater improvements. Respondent-father was identified as C.J.'s putative father soon after his birth. Father, eighteen (18) and mentally retarded, was living at home with his mother. DSS worker Roberson entered into a case plan with father on 11 July 2003. The chief goals of the plan were to ensure that father demonstrate adequate parenting skills, attend parenting classes, maintain regular visitations, and emotionally bond with the child. On 13 April 2004, the case plan was updated to require father to maintain appropriate housing for himself and C.J., procure suitable employment, and comply with random drug tests.
Roberson testified that father completed some parenting classes by December 2004. However, Roberson informed father that his home was not appropriate because certain safety hazards existed, such as exposed


electrical outlets and improperly stored medication. Roberson further testified that father failed to come forth with proof of employment. While father was "appropriately affectionate with the child", Roberson observed C.J. playing with a "laser light pointer."
During 2004 and 2005, DSS permitted father to visit with C.J. However, father failed to maintain regular contact with DSS and failed to attend scheduled visits with C.J. on 2 February 2004 and 17 March 2004. In addition, a supervised visit scheduled for 29 June 2005 was terminated after one half hour because C.J. was "screaming" and father was unresponsive to his "emotional outburst." Father failed to appear for a visit 15 July 2005, but appeared for a supervised visit 2 September 2005. At the time of trial, father had not seen C.J.it has been rescheduled for him on numerous occasions;
d. He has not provided adequate supervision for the juvenile during visitation, and has in fact, not visited with the child since August 3, 2004, although visitation was available to him;
e. Although completing parenting classes, during his limited visitation, he has not demonstrated effective parenting skills;
f. He has not demonstrated significant bonding with the juvenile during his visits;
g. He has not completed his parenting assessment despite numerous rescheduling by the Guilford Center and several attempts by the Department of Social Services to assist him in completing the sessions, and thereby, not cooperated in the assessment of his strengths and needs as a parent;
h. He has not provided financial support for the minor child, although he does receive a Social Security


check.
With the exception of a portion of paragraph 31d, discussed below, paragraph 31 is supported by clear, cogent and convincing evidence. DSS workers Roberson and Hall testified that father never moved out of his mother's home. DSS had a record of safety hazards in father's residence such as improperly stored medication and exposed electrical outlets; these deficiencies were never corrected. Roberson also testified that father never provided proof that he was ever employed. Hall testified that she had contact with father on only two occasions. Crystal Allen, a court liaison for the Guilford County Mental Health Center, testified that she tried to schedule a mental health parenting evaluation several times, but father missed three appointments and attempted to schedule the final appointment in the evaluation series five times.Nicolas Blanchard has been summoned from the minors on an emergency basis.

He has nine points and a team-leading 124 penalty minutes in 61 games with AHL Charlotte this campaign. Blanchard will be making his NHL debut if he gets into the lineup for Thursday's match at Washington. Wed, Apr 10, 2013 01:40:00 PM

The Carolina Hurricanes have signed Nicolas Blanchard to a two-year, two-way contract extension.

Blanchard will make $525,000 annually in the NHL and $105,000 per season in the minors. However, he is guarantee to earn at least $125,000 per season. He had 21 points and 103 penalty minutes in 68 games with the AHL Charlotte Checkers last season. He will turn 25 on May 31 and has yet to make his NHL debut. Mon, May 21, 2012 03:58:00


PM

Nicolas Blanchard has signed a two-year, two-way contract with the Hurricanes.

Blanchard produced 14 goals, 22 points and 171 penalty minutes in 76 games with Carolina's AHL affiliate in Albany in 2009-10. He will make $500,000 at the NHL level and $60,000 in the minors in 2010-11, with a guarantee of at least $75,000. His salary in 2011-12 will garner him $525,000 at the NHL level and $65,000 in the AHL with an $80,000 guarantee. Blanchard was chosen in the sixth round, 192nd overall, by the Canes in 2005. Thu, Jul 8, 2010 07:16:00 AM

Depth Charts

Jordan Staal scored a goal in a 4-1 victory over the Philadelphia Flyers.

Staal has recorded a point in three of his last four contests. He has four goals and 15 points in 23 gamesover the Senators in Ottawa Monday night.

The Canes are now 10-5-3 in 2015. Nestrasil increased his goal total to four and his assist total to six. Nathan Gerbe had a goal and an assist for Carolina, his sixth and 14th, respectively. Jay McClement chipped in with the game-winning goal at 19:06 of the second period. It was his third of the season. Earlier, Jeff Skinner netted his 13th goal of the season. Power-play goals in the third period by Michal Jordan (first) and Chris Terry (seventh) sealed the win for the Canes.

Eric Staal had a hand in both of Carolina's goals in their 2-1 win over Toronto.

Staal's power play goal at the 13:55 mark of the first period opened the scoring. With the game tied at one late


in the first period, Staal also helped set up brother Jordan's go-ahead goal. The 30-year-old is having a disappointing season offensively, but he doesn't have a strong supporting cast around him. Staal has 18 goals and 35 points in 52 games this season.

The Hurricanes have consistently been one of the Eastern Conference's worst teams this season, so the fact that they were able to blank the Capitals is a little surprising. Carolina scored a goal in each of the three periods on Friday. Skinner has now scored a goal in each of his last three games. The 22-year-old has 16 goals and 25 points in 55 games this season. He was named the second star of the game. Carolina has now won three of their last four contests.

Thetalented forward was selected fifth overall in the 2013 Draft and he is showing a lot of good signs at the tender age of 20. Lindholm has 24 points in 53 games and while that is not a lot, he is worth a good look at next season in fantasy pools.

Riley Nash and Chris Terry will be scratched on Thursday night against the Anaheim Ducks.

It's tough to see Nash continue to be scratched as he ranks fifth on the team in scoring with 20 points in 50 games, but he hasn't played since Feb. 3rd versus these same Ducks. Terry meanwhile has not produced, with just nine points in 35 games, neither can be recommended for your fantasy squad this season.

Alexander Semin scored one of the Carolina Hurricanes'


goals in a 5-2 loss Monday night to the Blackhawks in Chicago.

Semin, having a disappointing season, posted his third goal of the season. He has played in 36 games. The Canes' other goal scorer was defenseman John-Michael Liles, his second of the season. It was Liles' first goal since Nov. 22, ending a 26-game drought. The Hurricanes lost for the first time in four games.

Patrick Dwyer will watch from the press box Monday night when the Hurricanes visit the Blackhawks.

Dwyer will sit out a second consecutive game Monday versus Chicago as the Hurricanes will keep the same lineup from Saturday’s 5-3 win over the Islanders. The veteran winger has just one assist over his last 10 games and four goals and 10 points in 53 games on theplayed the offensively-lacking Maple Leafs but this was still quite an accomplishment as Toronto is tied for sixth in the NHL in power play shots on goal. "We got better defensively as it went," defenseman Ron Hainsey said. "The first period we spent a little too much time in our zone. We would have liked to have possessed it more but they're playing a little more of defensive style and make it a lot harder to create. They're not trading chances as they were previously and it was more of a grinding, not-a-lot-of-room kind of game."

Jack Hillen played alongside Michal Jordan in his first game as a Carolina Hurricane.

Hillen was dealt earlier on Saturday from Washington and made it to the arena an hour before puck drop. He


played 17:18 and had a couple of shots on goal. Hillen has no fantasy value in traditional pools as he has five points and 10 penalty minutes in 36 games this season.

Jordan was recalled after being sent down on Thursday and missing Friday's game against Toronto. He was a minus-two against the Devils and had a goal and two helpers in 19 NHL games this season with a minus-six rating.

"It's definitely an honor," Liles said. "To have played one game in this league would have been a pretty amazing thing. If you had told me at 10 or 12 years old that I would play one game, much less 700..."A lot of credit goes to my family for their support. It's been a lot of fun. Being anundersized kid from Indiana, to be able to have played this long and continue to play is an honor. I'll enjoy it for a minute and then it's back to work." Liles was a plus-one while playing 19:12. He has a goal and 12 points in 38 games and has no real fantasy value at this stage of his career.

Carolina goaltender Cam Ward had a rough night Monday in Chicago, where he was yanked after the first two periods of a 5-2 loss to the Blackhawks.

Ward allowed four goals on 18 shots before he was replaced by Anton Khudobin. Ward's goals-against average increased to 2.43. His save percentage is .911. His record is 17-20-4. Ward's poor night differed drastically form his previous five starts against the Blackhawks, when


he was 3-0-2 with a 1.17 GAA with a .965 save percentage and two shutouts. Khudobin stopped seven of the eight shots he faced from the Hawks.

The loss ends Khudobin's four-game winless streak. He hadn't won a game since January 27th. The 28-year-old has mostly served as Cam Ward's backup this season. His record improves to 7-11-3 on the season and he has a 2.60 goals-against-average and a .906 save percentage in 2014-15. This was Khudobin's first shutout of the season. He has named the game's first star for his effort.Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) makes it an important region for influenza A virus circulation. Countries in the region include Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen. EMR countries lie under 4 of the 8 global migratory bird flyways: Central Asia--India, West Asia--Africa, Mediterranean--Black Sea, and East Atlantic. This opens the door to the transmission of avian influenza viruses from migratory birds to the resident wild birds, domestic poultry, mammalian species, and humans of the region. This is supported by the fact that avian influenza A viruses of subtypes H3 and H5--H11 have been detected and sequenced from EMR countries ([www.fludb.org](http://www.fludb.org)). In addition,


classified by year for papers published as of 2006, when H5N1 started spreading in the region. Papers between 2000 and 2005 were grouped together. Papers between 1950 and 1999 were grouped by decade, and papers before 1950 were grouped together. It is worth noting that the first record found in this review dates back to 1894. This was an article published in the *British Medical Journal* describing cases of influenza in Egypt. Papers from the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s described the prevalence of various influenza viruses, such as the Asian flu and Hong Kong flu, in human populations. Although very few papers were from the 1980s, these papers were the first to study animal influenza and the potential antiviral activity of some compounds. Influenza research activity, although diverse,Northern Caribbean University School of Religion and Theology AUTHORSHIP AND DATE OF THE BOOK OF PROVERBS A Research Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course RELB 306 Survey of the Old Testament by Lascelles James April 2007 Edited April 2016 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................... 1 TOWARDS A PROPER UNDERSTANDING .................................. 2 History of Interpretation ............................. 2 Textual Analysis ...................................... 3 Date of Composition .............................. 3 Agur ............................................. 4 Lemuel ........................................... 4 The Wise ......................................... 5 CONCLUSION ...................................................... 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................... 8 3 INTRODUCTION It is evident from studies of Proverbs that the book has a number of authors and was compiled over an extended period of time. Bible scholars differ in their opinions concerning the authorship and date of compilation of the


According to 1 Kings 4:30-32 (KJV): "And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the east country, and all the wisdom of Egypt. For he was wiser than all men..." 5 Textual Analysis Date of Composition In order to assign a date to the composition and final form of the book, it is best to assume that Solomon was the author of most of the material, and that, therefore, the book of Proverbs had its beginning during the time he reigned from 971-931. 6 Since not all of Solomon's materials were collected during his lifetime, the proverbs that remained were gathered together and added to the book about 700 B.C., in the days of Hezekiah. 4 James L. Crenshaw, "Book of Proverbs," The Anchor BibleDictionary (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 19. 5 Jensen, Irving L. Proverbs: A Self-Study Guide. Chicago: Moody Press, 1976),7. 6 Leo G.Perdue, Proverbs Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching (New York: Blackwell Publications, 2000), 54. 6 Therefore the book was probably in formation for more than three hundred years, from the days of Solomon to Hezekiah. Finally by the end of Hezekiah's reign it assumed its final form of compilation. 7 It is clear from Prov. 25:1 that the book could not have been completed before Hezekiah's time. 8 Agur The sayings of Agur the son of Jakeh are of uncertain origin, inasmuch as we have no information whatever as to Jakeh's historical, geographical, or even ethnic background. The reference to authorship in chapter 30


earlier final compilation date of the 7 th century B.C. are more credible. The names of Lemuel, Agur, and "The Wise" appear to be literal names that denote specific individuals responsible in part for the authorship of the book. Arguments presented indicate that the book was probably in formation for more than three hundred years beginning in the days of Solomon to the time of king Hezekiah. It is believed that by the end of Hezekiah's reign the book was completed. 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Archer, Gleason L. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press, 1994. Benson, Clarence. Old Testament Survey: Poetry and Prophecy. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1972. Blank, S.H. "Book of Proverbs," The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible. New York: Harper & Row, 1965. Bosco, St. John.The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. Chapman, Milo, Earl Wolf, and A. Harper. Beacon Bible Commentary: Proverbs. London: Inter Varsity Press, 1978. Crenshaw, James. "Book of Proverbs," The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Harper & Row, 1965. Deane, W.J., and S.T. Taylor-Taswell. The Pulpit Commentary: Proverbs. Grand Rapids: Eerdman's Publishing Company, 1950. Goldberg, Louis. Savoring the Wisdom of Proverbs. Chicago: Moody Press, 1990. Jensen, Irving L. Proverbs: A Self-Study Guide. Chicago: Moody Press, 1976. Lasor, W.S., D.A. Hubbard, and F.W. Bush. Old Testament Survey. Grand Rapids: Eerdman's Publishing Company, 1976. 11 Murphy, Roland E., Wisdom Literature: Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Canticles, Ecclesiastes, and Esther. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1975. Perdue, Leo G. Proverbs Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching. New York: Blackwell Publications, 2000.


The Brand Solution that Adventure Companies have Mastered

Brand solutions offer a strategic technique that gives a brand a major edge to their competition. Each brand must cut through the market and create their own solution to customers, clients, and society. Depending on the brands service or expertise, their solution changes. When referring to adventure companies imagine companies that give their customers an experience, customers pay for their services in order to be guided along the most epic adventure.

Raven's Rim and their Strategy:

Raven's Rim Zip Line Adventure is an adventure experience in Moab, Utah. Launched in 2013, Raven's Rim is the largest land-to-land Zip Line in the United States. The zip line serves up some amazing views of Moab's red rocks, the peaks of La Sal, and the canyonBetween 1933 and 1945 Sinti and Roma ("Gypsies") suffered greatly as victims of Nazi persecution and genocide. Building a long-held prejudices, the Nazi regime viewed Gypsies both as "asocials" (outside "normal" society) and as racial "inferiors"--believed to threaten the biological purity and strength of the "superior Aryan" race. During World War II, the Nazis and their collaborators killed tens of thousands of Sinti and Roma men, women, and children across German-occupied Europe.

For centuries Europeans regarded Gypsies as social outcasts--people of foreign appearance, language, and customs. In modern Germany, persecution of the Sinti and Roma preceded the Nazi regime. Even though Gypsies enjoyed full and equal rights of citizenship under Article 109 of the Wiemar Constitution, they were subject to special, discriminatory laws. A Bavarian law of July 16,


will an unknown number of Gypsies, part-Gypsies, and Gypsies in mixed marriages. Similarly, under the "Law against Dangerous Habitual Criminals" of November 1933, the police arrested many Gypsies along with others the Nazis viewed as "asocials"--prostitutes, beggars, chronic alcoholics, and homeless vagrants--and imprisoned them in concentration camps.

The Nuremberg racial laws of September 15, 1935, ("Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor" and "Reich Citizenship Law") did not explicitly mention Gypsies, but in commentaries interpreting these laws, Gypsies were included, along with Jews and "Negroes," as "racially distinctive" minorities with "alien blood." As such, their marriage to "Aryans" was prohibited. Like Jews, Gypsies were also deprived of their civil rights.

In June 1936, a Central Office to "Combat the Gypsy Nuisance" opened in Munich. This office became theheadquarters of a national data bank on Gypsies. Also in June, part of the Ministry of Interior directives for "Combatting the Gypsy Nuisance" authorized the Berlin police to conduct raids against Gypsies so that they would not mar the image of the city, host of the summer Olympic games. That July, the police arrested 600 Gypsies and brought them, in 130 caravans, to a new, special Gypsy internment camp (Zigeunerlager) established near a sewage dump and cemetery in the Berlin suburb of Marzahan. The camp had only three water pumps and two toilets; in such overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, contagious diseases flourished. Police and their dogs guarded the camp. Similar Zingeunerlageralso appeared in the 1939s, at the initiative of municipal governments and coordinated by the Council of Cities


(reporting to the Ministry of Interior), in Cologne, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Hamburg, and other German cities.

Who Were the "Gypsies"?

In 1939, 30,000-35,000 people known as "Gypsies" lived in Germany and Austria, which was incorporated into Germany in March 1938. The total population of Gypsies living in Greater Germany and all the countries occupied by Germany during the war is unknown; scholars Donald Kenrick and Grattan Puxon have provided the rough estimate of 942,000.

Gypsies are believed to have arrived in Europe from northern India in the 1400's. They were called Gypsies because Europeans thought they came from Egypt. This ethnic minority is made up of distinct groups called "tribes" or "nations." Most of the Gypsies in German-occupied Europe belonged to the Sinti and Roma tribes. In Germany and western Europegenerally the Sinti predominated, and the Roma in Austria, eastern Europe, and the Balkans. The Sinti and Roma spoke dialects of a common language called Romani, based in Sanskrit, the classical language of India.

For centuries, Sinti and Roma were scorned and persecuted in Europe. Zigeuner,the German word for Gypsy, derives from a Greek root meaning "untouchable." In the Balkan principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, Gypsies were slaves brought and sold by monasteries and large estate holders (boyars) until 1864, when the newly formed nation of Romania emancipated them.

Many Sinti and Roma traditionally worked as craftsmen, such as blacksmiths, cobblers, tinkers, horse dealers, and toolmakers. Others were performers such as musicians, circus animal trainers, and dancers. By the 1920s, there was also a small, lower-middle class of shopkeepers and


some civil servants, such as Sinti employed in the German postal service. The numbers of truly nomadic Gypsies were on the decline in many places by the early 1900s, although so-called sedentary Gypsies often moved seasonally, depending on their occupations.

After Germany incorporated Austria into the Reich in March 1938, the regime applied the Nuremberg laws to Austria's Gypsies. Two special internment camps opened, one for 80 to 400 Gypsies, in Salzburg, in October 1939, and a second, in November 1940 for 4,000 Gypsies at Lackenback, in the Burgenland, the eastern Austrian state bordering Hungary. Conditions at Lackenback, which existed until the end of the war, were particularly atrocious, and many individuals perished there. Both camps concentrated Austrian Gypsies for police registration and forced labor and served as assemblyconcentration camps.

A December 1937 decree on "crime prevention" provided the pretext for major police roundups of Gypsies. In June 1938, 1,000 German and Austrian Gypsies were deported to concentration camps at Buchenwald, Dachau, Sachsenhausen, and Lichtenburg (a camp for women). A year later, several thousand other Austrian and German Gypsies became inmates at Mauthausen, Ravensbrück, Dachau, and Buchenwald concentration camps. In the camps, all prisoners wore markings of various shapes and colors, which allowed guards and camp officers to identify them by category. Gypsies wore the black triangular patches, the symbol for "asocials," or green ones, the symbol for professional criminals, and sometimes the letter "Z."

Dr. Robert Ritter, a psychiatrist who directed genealogical and genetic research on Gypsies, played a key role in the identification of Sinti and


Roma prior to their arrest by the police. In 1936 Ritter became head of a research unit located within the Ministry of Health and later in the Central Police Office. Ritter and his assistants, in cooperation with the Criminal Police (detective forces) and their sub-office to "Combat the Gypsy Nuisance," moved to Berlin in May 1938, worked to locate and classify by race all Gypsies in Germany and Austria.

It was probably Ritter's "race-biological research" that SS chief Heinrich Himmler invoked in his circular on "Combating the Gypsy Nuisance" of December 8, 1938, recommending "the resolution of the Gypsy question based on its essentially racial nature." He ordered the registration of all Gypsies in the Reich above the age of six and their classification into three racial groups: Gypsies,mentally handicapped. Like Jewish children, Gypsy boys and girls also commonly endured the taunts and insults of their classmates, until March 1941 when the regime excluded Gypsies from the public schools.

As was the case for Jews, the outbreak of war in September 1939 radicalized the Nazi regime's policies towards Gypsies. On September 21, 1939, a conference on racial policy chaired by Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin, discussed the removal of 30,000 German and Austrian Gypsies to occupied Poland, along with the deportation of Jews. The "resettlement to the East" followed by the mass murder of Sinti and Roma in reality closely paralleled the systematic deportations and killings of Jews. The deportations of German Gypsies, including men, women, and children, began in May


1940 when 2,800 Gypsies were transported to the Lódz ghetto and from there to Chelmno, where they were among the first to be killed by gassing in mobile vans beginning in late December 1941 and January 1942. Similarly, in the summer of 1942, German and Polish Gypsies imprisoned in the Warsaw ghetto were deported to Treblinka, where they were gassed. German Gypsies were also deported to ghettos in Bialystok, Cracow, and Radom.

During the war, some minor differences of opinion arose at the highest levels of government regarding the "final solution to the Gypsy question." Himmler toyed with the idea of keeping a small group of "pure" Gypsies alive on a reservation for the ethnic study of these racial "enemies of the state," but the regime rejected this idea.In a decree dated December 16, 1942, Himmler ordered the deportation of Gypsies and part-Gypsies to Auschwitz-Birkenau. At least 23,000 Gypsies were brought there, the first group arriving from Germany in February 1943. Most of the Gypsies at Auschwitz-Birkenau came from Germany or territories annexed to Reich including Bohemia and Moravia. Police also deported small numbers of Gypsies from Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway.

Dr. Robert Ritter:
Racial Science and "Gypsies"

The research of racial scientist Dr. Robert Ritter and his associates served both as instrument and justification for the Nazi regime to isolate and eventually destroy the German Gypsy population.

By studying Gypsies, Ritter, who was a psychiatrist, hoped to determine the links between heredity and criminality. With funding from the German Association for Scientific Research and


Wurth and, until 1942, the zoologist and anthropologist Dr. Sophie Ehrhardt. Ritter's closest associate was Eva Justin, a nurse who received her doctorate in anthropology in 1944 based on her research with Gypsy children raised apart from their families. At the conclusion of her study, these children were deported to Auschwitz, where all but a few were killed.

In a report of his research findings in 1940, Ritter concluded that 90 percent of the Gypsies native to Germany were "of mixed blood." He described such Gypsies as "the products of matings with the German criminal asocial subproletariat." He further characterized Gypsies as "primitive" people "incapable of real social adaptation."

From late 1944 through 1946, Ritter taught criminal biology at the University of Turbingen; in 1947 he joined the Frankfurt HealthOffice as a Children's physician. While there, he employed Eva Justin as a psychologist. His collaborator Dr. Sophie Ehrhardt joined the anthropology faculty at the University of Tubingen in 1942 and continued to use Ritter's data in her postwar research. Dr. Adolph Wurth served in the Baden-Wurttemberg Bureau of Statistics until 1970.

Efforts to bring charges against Ritter and his associates as accessories in the deaths of the German Gypsies were discontinued. The trial of Dr. Robert Ritter ended with his suicide in 1950.

At Auschwitz-Birkenau, officials set up a separate "Gypsy family camp" for Gypsies in Section B-IIe of Birkenau. From the wooden barracks, the gas chambers and crematoria were clearly visible. During the seventeen months of the camp's existence, most of the Gypsies brought there perished. They were


killed by gassing or died from starvation, exhaustion from hard labor, and disease (including typhus, smallpox, and the rare, leprosy-like condition called Noma.) Others, including many children, died as the result of cruel medical experiments performed by Dr. Josef Mengele and other SS physicians. The Gypsy camp was liquidated on the night of August 2-3, 1944, when 2,897 Sinti and Roma men were killed in the gas chambers. Some 1,400 surviving men and women were transferred to Buchenwald and Ravensbruck concentration camps for forced labor.

After Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, special SS squads (Einsatzgruppen)and units of the regular army and police began shooting Gypsies in Russia, Poland, and the Balkans, at the same time they were killing Jews and Communist leaders. Thousands of Sinti andRoma men, women and children are believed to have been killed in these actions, often carried out under the pretext that the victims were "spies."

In western and southern Europe, the fate of Sinti and Roma varied from country to country, depending on local circumstances. Across German-occupied Europe, Gypsies, like Jews, were interned, killed, or deported to camps in Germany or Eastern Europe. The collaborationist regime of Vichy France interned 30,000 Gypsies, many of whom were later deported to Dachau, Ravensbruck, Buchenwald, and other camps. In Croatia, members of the local fascist Ustasha movement killed tens of thousands of Gypsies, along with Serbs and Jews. In Romania in 1942, thousands of Gypsies were expelled, alongside Jews, to Transnistria (western Ukraine) where most of the deportees died from disease, starvation


and brutal treatment. In Serbia, in the fall of 1941, German army firing squads killed almost the entire population, alongside most adult male Jews, in retaliation for German soldiers killed by Serbian resistance fighters. In Hungary, Germans and Hungarian collaborators began deporting Gypsies in October 1944.

The unreliability of pre-Holocaust population figures for Sinti and Roma and the paucity of research, especially on their fate outside Germany during the Holocaust, make it difficult to estimate the number and the percentage who perished. Scholarly estimates of deaths in the Sinti and Roma genocide range from 220,000 to 500,000.

After the war discrimination against Sinti and Roma in Europe continued. In the Federal Republic (West Germany) the courts agreed to compensate Sinti and Roma for racial persecution only for deportations which occurredin 1943 and later. They did not push the date back to 1938 until the early 1960s. Today, with the rise of the strident nationalism in many of the eastern European nations and unemployment throughout Europe, Sinti and Roma continue to face widespread public prejudices and official discrimination.

Source: Sinti & Roma: Victims of the Nazi Era, 1933-1945 published by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Used with permission.


and innovation at Business Roundtable, echoed those sentiments, saying state laws don't benefit consumers because they're often confusing for companies to follow.

That perspective conflicts with what privacy advocates are arguing: that state laws provide protections a federal law could miss.

While federal legislation has lagged behind, technology and privacy concerns have advanced, with state lawmakers playing catch-up. There are no federal laws on biometric data collection or breach notifications, but Illinois passed its Biometric Information Privacy Act in 2008, and Vermont passed its Security Breach Notice Act in 2018. Congress members proposed a bill following the Equifax breach, but more than a year later, it's gone nowhere.

"US privacy laws typically establish a floor and not a ceiling so that states can afford protections they deem appropriate for their citizensBritish politicians have a long history of looking across the Atlantic for policy and campaign ideas. Since Justin Trudeau’s landslide election victory in October 2015, however, Canada has begun to displace the US as the focus of progressive admiration. Yet direct comparisons may not be very insightful, explains Peter Sloman.

Labour politicians wonder how the 43-year-old Trudeau managed to deflect heavy Conservative attacks on his fitness for office and win support for a massive CDN$125 billion package of infrastructure investment, partly financed by government borrowing. At the same time, Liberal Democrats marvel at the way the Canadian Liberals recovered from their worst ever defeat in the 2011 election – taking third place with just 34 out of 308 seats – to form a majority government in 2015.

The Labour MP


much studied by George Osborne and other British policy-makers after the 2008 financial crash. The Liberals’ resulting reputation for economic competence made it much easier for them to advocate deficit spending in 2015, as the collapse in oil prices hit Alberta hard and pushed Canada into recession. The contrast with the Labour Party’s historic problem of economic credibility could hardly be greater.

Secondly, Justin Trudeau’s embrace of activist government made sense because there was a large pool of votes to be won on the Liberals’ left. The Liberals’ steady loss of support between 1993 and 2011 was only partly driven by defections to Stephen Harper’s Conservative Party, whose vote share was only a little higher than its two predecessor parties had secured in the 1990s. More important was thevolatility. In three of the last eight federal elections (1993, 2011 and 2015) more than 30 per cent of seats have changed hands – a rate of turnover not seen in the UK since 1945. Class has never been as important in Canadian politics as in western Europe, and the rather different party systems which operate at provincial level – notably in Quebec and British Columbia – tend to inhibit the development of partisanship. Here too the contrast is striking. Although the British electorate has been undergoing dealignment for almost half a century, the Liberal Democrats and UKIP have struggled to turn large increases in vote share into seats in Parliament, and Labour and the Conservatives continue to dominate politics in most of England and Wales. Indeed, the


ROGER HALL, in his official and
 individual capacities; STACY
 BUBLA, in her individual capacity;
 ROBERT WILSON, in his individual
 capacity; SHANNON ARMSTRONG,
 in his individual capacity; BRENT
 GODFREY, in his individual capacity;
 JULIE FABER, in her individual
 capacity; STEVE SHAY, in his
 individual capacity; JOHN
 FRENTHEWAY, in his individual
 capacity,
             Defendants - Appellees.

        APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                FOR THE DISTRICT OF WYOMING
                  (D.C. No. 1:14-CV-00069-NDF)

Philip E. Abromats (Letitia C. Abromats with him on thebriefs) of Philip E.
Abromats, P.C., Greybull, Wyoming, for Plaintiff–Appellant.

Richard Rideout of the Law Offices of Richard Rideout, P.C., Cheyenne,
Wyoming, for Defendant–Appellee Roger Hall in his official capacity.

Jackson M. Engels, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Cheyenne, Wyoming, and
Larry B. Jones of Burg, Simpson, Eldredge, Hersh & Jardine, P.C., Cody,
Wyoming (Peter K. Michael, Wyoming Attorney General, and John D. Rossetti,
Deputy Attorney General, Cheyenne, Wyoming, with them on the briefs), on
behalf of Defendants–Appellees Roger Hall, Stacy Bubla, Robert Willson, Steve
Shay, and John Frentheway in their individual capacities.

Before BRISCOE, McKAY, and MATHESON, Circuit Judges.

McKAY, Circuit Judge.

      Plaintiff Chetan Patel appeals from the district court’s grant of summary

judgment in favor of Defendants in this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 federal civil rights case,

in which Plaintiff raised numerous claims against various


police officers and

other governmental officials involved in his arrest on charges of felony VIN fraud

and the related search and seizure of his property in Basin, Wyoming.

                                        I.

      On the evening of April 20, 2011, the Basin Police Department in Big Horn

County, Wyoming, received a phone call from Annette Austin asking for a police

officer to come to her husband’s auto-repair business, which was located in a

building her husband, Wade Austin, rented from and shared with Plaintiff. Officer

Stacy Bubla responded to the call, later joined byOfficer Roger Hall. The

officers spoke with Wade and Annette Austin, as well as their son Kasey, who

worked in the shop with his father. 1

      1
        Ms. Austin also worked in the shop when they needed help, and she
indicated in her deposition that she occasionally saw Officer Hall when he came
to the shop (presumably for repairs on the vehicle he had purchased there,

                                        -2-
      Mr. Austin told the officers that he had noticed


earlier in the day that the

Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate was missing from the cab of a truck he

was repairing for Plaintiff and that, after he asked Plaintiff about the missing VIN

plate and then left the shop for several hours, he discovered on his return that the

cab now contained a VIN plate taken from a different cab. Mr. Austin also told

the officers that a second truck belonging to Plaintiff was missing a VIN plate and

that Plaintiff had made comments about how easy it is to change the VIN on a

vehicle. He further reported that Plaintiff had told him, when asked about the

missing VIN plate, “that he talks too much and that it will get him into trouble,”

and “that when he talked to people to only tell them verya table in the shop. 2 After discovering these items, the officers left the

building and obtained a new warrant to search for drugs and drug paraphernalia as

well as “VIN plates from the vehicles inside these buildings and on the property

that have been removed and replaced with ones from other vehicles.” (Id. at 632.)

The officers then resumed the search and continued searching until April 30, at

which time they unsealed the building and returned the keys to Plaintiff. In

addition to the suspected drugs and paraphernalia, they seized two loose VIN

plates, the truck with the switched VIN plates, the driver’s door of the truck from

which the switched VIN plate was taken, the truck with the missing VIN plates, a

third truck, 3 and an empty insurance envelope which they found laying on


                               -5-
documents—primarily vehicle titles and bills of sale—on which VIN numbers

were written, and they inventoried many of the contents of the building in order

to follow up on certain confidential informants’ tips about allegedly stolen

merchandise.

      Plaintiff was released from jail on April 22. In June, the county circuit

court held a preliminary hearing and bound Plaintiff over to the state district court

on charges of felony VIN fraud. These charges were dismissed without prejudice

on October 4, 2011, and have not been re-filed against Plaintiff. All of the seized

items were returned to Plaintiff in December 2011.

     In April 2014, Plaintiff filed this § 1983 complaint, in which he raised

fifteen federal claims and nine state law claims against various Defendants.

Defendants filed separate motions for summary judgment, in which they mainly

argued they were entitled to qualified immunity on the claims against them.

      In his response to Defendants’ motions for summary judgment, Plaintiff

relied in part on an affidavit purportedly signed by Wade Austin in 2014. To

support the admission of this affidavit into evidence, Plaintiff’s two attorneys

each submitted affidavits stating they had met with Plaintiff and Wade Austin at a

local restaurant in April 2014. At that meeting, Mr. Austin allegedly made

several statements that differed from his original sworn police witness statement.

For instance, he allegedly stated that it was his


but these

allegations are not supported by the record. After the search and temporary

seizure of the shop, Officer Hall obtained written statements from Wade, Annette,

and Kasey Austin, all of which substantiated the statements they had made the

day before. Officer Hall also met and spoke with Plaintiff personally. He

explained to Plaintiff that the property had been tagged and sealed because VIN

plates had been removed and/or replaced. During this conversation, Plaintiff

stated that he knew about the switched VIN plates, but claimed that he had not

worked on the vehicles himself. Officer Hall believed this statement to be false

because he had previously observed Plaintiff working on vehicles in the shop.

These statements, in addition to the facts discussed above, established probable

cause to arrest Plaintiff for suspected fraudulent alteration of VIN plates.

   Black Hangar Studios, a new British studio facility with a 32,000 square feet sound stage and a 5000 square feet water, is open for business.

Located at Lasham Airfield, Kent, Black Hangar Studios is offering a more “intimate and bespoke” shooting experience for film and television productions looking beyond Pinewood and Shepperton studios.

The studios boast a Special FX department headed up by Harry Potter special effects supervisor Digby Milner and art department run by Oscar-winner Simon Lamont, who designed the water tank.

The studios have already proved themselves with a number of shoots, most notably Lasse Hallström’s recent film Salmon Fishing In The Yemen, produced by BBC Films.

Chief Executive Officer Carole Siller, formerly a senior figure at the now defunct Tartan Films, told movieScope: “We’ve been getting small shoots, second-unit


ASIA,THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, and the Americas have long been joinedby migration, trade, and the imaginations of the people who haveoccupied these areas. But, since roughly the late nineteenth century, the movement toward global capitalism and the spread of imperialism began to consolidate this loose network of relations into a large connective region. The transformation was not unlike what had been transpiring across the Atlantic, perhaps the "Black Atlantic." And the coalescing processes involved here, as with the Atlantic, raise myriad questions about political economy, ethical relations, and historical self-understanding. By the late twentieth century, one conception of this regional formation came to be expressed in a popular celebratory language centered around the idea of a "Pacific Rim." And it has been criticized sharply by a host of scholarsnamely the What Is Asian American Philosophy? DAVID HAEKWON KIM Univer s i ty of San Frans i sco 8 219 90 07_223_Ch08.qxd 4/16/07 7:03 AM Page 219 part that concerns U.S.-Asia-Pacific relations, and, more particularly though not exclusively, the social worlds of Asians in America. For convenience, "Asian American philosophy" will be used to designate the philosophy born of that context. As will become clearer, I join many who regard the United States to be an empire and to have been so long before its current Eurasian or Middle Eastern incursions. Consequently, I take the political geography of this nation to stretch far beyond the confines of its formal fifty states. Since roughly the late ninteenth century, the United States has asserted various kinds of dominion across


Latin America, many of the Pacific Islands, and much of East Asia. So we will need to broaden our conception of "Asians in America" and, hence, "Asian America" and "Asian American philosophy" as we enlarge our geopolitical gaze from a fifty-states republic to a multicontinental empire. In giving an account of Asian American philosophy, a good deal of backdrop has to be provided, like the history of Asian Americans and America in Asia. In fact, some important aspects of the backdrop will themselves need elaboration. For example, we will need some discussion of modern Asia as such and some related political epistemology. I think it goes without saying that the wider American public knows little about these histories, let alone their implications. For the civic narratives of theUnited States often rewrite in "Grand Republic" style the history of America in the Asia-Pacific and of Asians and Pacific Islanders in America. And the U.S. educational system largely follows suit or ignores the "difficult" historical facts altogether. And with the philosophical focus of this chapter, the problem is compounded by a peculiar situation in which classical Asian philosophy has come to represent virtually all of Asian philosophy in the Western academy. Since what might be called "modern Asian philosophy," of which Asian American philosophy is partly an instance, receives almost no hearing in Western philosophy, there is no preexisting niche into which Asian American philosophy can be readily inserted. A good bit of ground clearing, then, is in order. So this chapter slowly builds up to a


position that deeply integrates political liberalism and Confucianism, maybe a kind of Rawlsian Confucianism or a Confucianist Rawlsianism. The work, then, (if coherent) would potentially be a case of both classical Asian philosophy and Western philosophy. Consequently, the phenomenon of theoretical hybridity is acknowledged, and the borders around the concept of classical Asian philosophy are recognized to be permeable. Recently, ethnoracial philosophy, especially in its critical modes, has begun to amass some interest in the North American scene. The last few decades have witnessed a surge of creative activity in philosophical work from Africana and African American, Latin American and Latino, and WHAT IS ASIAN AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY? 221 07_223_Ch08.qxd 4/16/07 7:03 AM Page 221 Native American approaches.3 At the first-order level, these areas have been productive for manythoroughgoing exclusion of other ethnoracial philosophies, together, indicate complexity in the racial politics of metaphilosophy. As it turns out, this politics is deeply linked to the larger modern scene in which the confrontation of Asia and the West transformed Asia and to an extent the West as well. And we get a natural entry into this sociohistorical situation through a consideration of classical Asian philosophy's special position in Western philosophy. Whatever may be the full story of classical Asian philosophy's unique reception, I think it cannot have as its center the apparently innocent idea that early Western proponents of classical Asian philosophy simply understood and appreciated the special philosophical character and potential contributions of this foreign system of thought. For, first of all, why didn't other non-Western systems


we should know, though it is often conveniently forgotten, domination was the global order of the day. The mechanisms of control took many forms. Whichever was employed in a given territory, the exercise of infiltrative powers had to be massive and sustained to suitably reorganize the colony or semi-colony. And it would be a serious historical error to suppose that the Euro-American and Japanese imperial networks were only economic, political, and military in nature. The wars that changed the face of the planet and maintained essentially a global white supremacy (and a white-Japanese one in East Asia) were fought across the mental landscape as across the literal towns and countrysides of the world. Occupying forces sought to divest the populace not only of the more overt means ofpeoples had to contend with existing or impending Western and Japanese domination. As noted earlier, the social worlds of Asians have been permeated by an Orientalist modernity consisting of racial, economic, cultural, and military subjection. Importantly, the formative moments within this tragic modern context have not always been one-sided. The social worlds of Asians have also been shaped by their own resistance against precisely this vast subordinating condition. The confrontation and creation took many forms, and I will discuss some of them shortly. But suffice it to say for now that this responsiveness on the part of Asians generated a kind of dialectic within colonial modernity. And many instances of it were politically radical and some very concretely threatening to Western hegemony. Among the most spectacular manifestations of


the formative colonial dialectic have been the many mass-based anticolonial movements, violent and nonviolent, that emerged in many areas and forms since the late nineteenth century. Perhaps the Gandhian and Maoist variants were the most globally influential. After WWII, a wave of formal decolonization began spreading across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Importantly, however, most and possibly all decolonized nations faced an enormous difficulty, namely that formal political liberty did not guarantee true autonomy. For stronger nations 228 CHAPTER 8 07_223_Ch08.qxd 4/16/07 7:03 AM Page 228 could avail themselves of various international structures, especially economic ones, to subtly or overtly encroach upon or control weaker or fledgling nations. Thus, as many have noted, postcolonial nations of Asia could be, and very often were, subjected to an indirect,respective ways gathered in a neocolonial fashion by the United States and made to be participants in the explicitly imperial war against Vietnam. Finally, consider that since the last few decades a number of transpacific transnational processes have emerged and coalesced in modern Asian and American experience. The most obvious case is the massive migration of Asians of all countries to the United States after the immigration reforms of 1965. The population of Asians in America has more than tripled since the anti-Asian immigration blockades were lifted. As a result, currently more than half of Asian Americans are foreign born.10 Moreover, some Asians are now shuttling back and forth so often across the Pacific that their identities seem no longer to have classic attachments to nation-states. And, apart


at every level of consciousness, culture, and the polity, was to reconceptualize and sustain a viable way of life in the face of these changes. But whether Asians sought a hermetic retreat from or a full, even self-effacing, insertion into the modernizing world-trajectory, the presence of a colonizing West and a transformed world were constant and essential reference points.13 Unsurprisingly, we find here many of the ideas that concerned Said about colonial discourse in the service of imperialism and even anti-imperialism. A brief tour of some of the replies to Orientalist modernity should be considered. And there are conceivably many ways to proceed. For expository ease, I offer a standard story. On the one end of the spectrum, an Asian theorist might have rejected every form of classical"modern Asian philosophy" in spite of the diversity of Asian experience and thought. I think we can usefully differentiate at least three kinds of conceptual replies lying between total rejection of and total continuity with premodern Asian life-forms. First, many endorsed the idea of maintaining fundamentally classical Asian culture and thought, even if partly nourished by Western streams, and adopting Western science and technology. The late nineteenth-century Japanese traveler and writer Fukuzawa Yukichi has often been identified with marrying the concepts of "Eastern Spirit" and "Western Science."16 Later, some members of the Kyoto School of philosophy, who have subsequently been accused of complicity with Japanese imperialism, contended that Europe had reached a spiritual crisis that could only be resolved through enlightenment derived from a generally Asian but distinctively