the mirror universe (referred to in " In a Mirror, Darkly ") had been naturally occurring or prematurely induced. By the time of "Bounty", T'Pol, despite being sixty-five Earth years old, had not yet experienced her first pon farrpon farr A central part of Vonda N. McIntyre 's Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home novelization 's seventh chapter has Spock becoming intoxicated from eating a candy mint while on Earth, from the high sucrose content in it. pon farr

Medical conditions

There were several diseases from which the Vulcan species suffered, including:

Hybridization

Vulcans and Humans could not reproduce without medical intervention according to 2150s medical knowledge. (ENT: "E²", "Demons", "Terra Prime")

During the episode, Phlox explained how he was able to figure out how to make it possible for many alien speciesto reproduce, including Vulcans and Humans.

In 2155, Terra Prime extremists created a binary clone from T'Pol and Trip Tucker. The child, whom they called Elizabeth, had many genetic flaws due to the method of her creation and she died. (ENT: "Demons", "Terra Prime")

In 2230, Spock was born on Vulcan to Sarek and Amanda Grayson. He was the first Vulcan/Human hybrid to survive to adulthood. (ENT: "Terra Prime"; TOS: "Journey to Babel", "The Squire of Gothos"; Star Trek Beyond)

Society

The government on Vulcan was a representative democracy. Individual political advancement was based on meritocratic principles. (ENT: "Awakening")

The Vulcans held a number of spiritual beliefs. Their religious system was polytheistic. They also believed in the katra, the soul and consciousness of a person, which could be transferred psionically prior to death.


rarely referred to their dishonesty as "lying." (TOS: "The Enterprise Incident"; Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan; Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country) For instance, an elder denied the existence of technology and spies at the monastery at P'Jem in order to protect an ongoing surveillance operation. (ENT: "The Andorian Incident"). Also, T'Pol's second foremother directly lied to another Vulcan, telling the commander of a rescue party that her crewmate had died in a crash, so that he could remain on Earth to "study" Humanity. (ENT: "Carbon Creek")

In 2259 of the alternate reality, Spock managed to deceive Khan Noonien Singh into transporting armed torpedoes aboard the USS Vengeance, as Khan believed they still carried members of his crew. Khan wasn't aware that Spock had anticipated his betrayalafter the onset of puberty) or in their early-to-mid twenties (seven years after puberty). Spock first underwent pon farr in his thirties, but his Human blood may have made his case an aberration, although this may not have been the first occurrence of the pon farr for him. In fact, as portrayed in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock , the regenerated Spock went into pon farr on the Genesis Planet in what appeared to be the equivalent of his mid to late teens, despite not having a developed mind. pon farrpon farrpon farrpon farr

As of 2266, hearsay held that Vulcan men treated their women strangely. (TOS: "The Naked Time")

In the final draft script of "The Naked Time", an ultimately unused rendition of this fact was worded


the Federation.

Vulcans considered death to be the completion of a journey. Therefore, they did not fear it happening; however, the loss of one's katra was to be avoided if possible, since the katra lived on beyond the physical death. (Star Trek III: The Search for Spock) They also practiced euthanasia for the infirm and elderly, and saw nothing wrong with practicing ritual suicide when they reached a certain infirmity with age. (VOY: "Death Wish") As they knew death was an inevitability, they believed that fear of death was ultimately illogical. (Star Trek Beyond)

Although Vulcans were highly integrated into the Federation, in the 23rd century, some Vulcans viewed service in Starfleet to be less prestigious than attending the Vulcan Science Academy, (TOS: "Journey to Babel") though in the twilightto prepare the morning meal. (ENT: "Home") Plomeek broth was considered a traditional Vulcan breakfast. (ENT: "Unexpected")

Vulcans played a game known as kal-toh. (VOY: "Alter Ego", "The Omega Directive", "Endgame")

What little is known about Vulcan religious beliefs indicates that, beginning prior to the "Time of the Awakening", they were polytheistic. Surak's teachings became the primary focus of Vulcan spirituality/mysticism, but, as late as the 23rd century, it was still not unheard of to find Vulcans honoring the traditional gods. There were, however, no demons in Vulcan literature. (TAS: "Yesteryear"; TNG: "Gambit, Part I"; VOY: "Heroes and Demons")

Many Vulcan females had names beginning with "T'" and particularly "T'P" (T'Pol, T'Pring, T'Pau, T'Mir, T'Pel, T'Pan), but not all (Valeris, Sakonna, Saavik, Selar); many males had names beginning with "S" (Spock,


"Whom Gods Destroy")

When they were older, they learned in skill domes. The Vulcan Learning Center employed these. (Star Trek, DIS: "The Vulcan Hello", "Battle at the Binary Stars")

A Vulcan program suitable for young children which taught basic problem solving skills was available at Deep Space 9's school in 2370. (DS9: "Whispers")

The Vulcan Science Academy and Vulcan Medical Institute were two notable post-secondary institutions.

Holidays

See also

People

Vulcans did possess family names, although they were pronounceable by Humans only after many years of practice. (TOS: "Journey to Babel")

Science and technology

Appendices

Appearances

Background information

The Vulcans were the first alien species created for Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry. ("The Andorian Incident", text commentary, ENT Season 1 DVD special feature)

^ The term "Vulcanian" has been described as an "Obsolete term meaning a native of the planet Vulcan.The term 'Vulcan' has come to mean both the planet and the native of same." (Star Trek Concordance, p. 248) The origin of the term from a production standpoint dates to 1966, when NBC prepared a twelve-page booklet, entitled "Advance Information on 1966-67 Programming: Star Trek", which described the series' regular crewmembers. The description of Spock mentions that his father was a native of "Vulcanis," and his people were known as the "Vulcanians". (The Star Trek Compendium, p. 25) As a result of early "growing pains" in the writing staff, the term "Vulcanian" was used sporadically (and sometimes interchangeably) during the first season, where it was heard in "Mudd's Women", "Court Martial", "A Taste of Armageddon", "This Side of Paradise", and "Errand of Mercy". The Bajorans suffered similar


"growing pains" when they were briefly known as the "Bajora" during their early appearances. The name "Vulcan" itself, in reference to the people, was first heard in "The Naked Time". See also: Vulcanian expedition and Vulcanian Scientific Legion of Honor.

In notes that Costume Designer Robert Fletcher wrote about the various aliens in the film Star Trek: The Motion Picture, he included a description of the Vulcans. After pointing out the Vulcans were "from tv series", the brief continued as follows:

"Observed in the movie as Mr. Spock, others among crew, and the Masters on Vulcan planet scene. Unemotional, scientific people, their culture based on cold logic, reason and control. One of the Federation's most advanced races [....] Vulcans are mostly tall, slender, beautiful people, with strong sense of honor.Physically distinguished by upswept eyebrows and pointed ears. Their green blood is copper-based."

Fletcher also imagined that, because their homeworld was rich in jade, the Vulcans made extensive use of that substance, such as with ruby jewellry and a red-colored giant statue is visible on the planet's surface, in the film. (The Making of Star Trek: The Motion Picture, p. 133)

The depiction of Vulcans developed with the introduction of Tuvok on Star Trek: Voyager, as he was the first black Vulcan main character. In developing the character of Tuvok, the series' creators tried to put a new spin on the long-established alien species. However, Executive Producer and series co-creator Jeri Taylor later stated, "Subsequently I have learned we were not the first. In the third feature there was a


black Vulcan priestess, so it was clearly established there were different colors of people on Vulcan." (Taylor's statement is not entirely true, as the black Vulcan priestess was actually in the fifth Star Trek film, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.) When he was cast as Tuvok, actor Tim Russ was an expert on Vulcans, and, in fact, his expertise of portraying a member of the species got him the part. (Cinefantastique, Vol. 27, No. 4/5, pp. 59 & 60) "People are always asking me how there could even be a black Vulcan," said Russ, shortly after the start of VOY Season 1. "If Vulcans are humanoids and other humanoids were the species they most often encountered, then logic would follow that because of genetic mutation and randomselection, you're going to have different colors and different variations of the species at one time. So, Tuvok is a black Vulcan." (The Official Star Trek: Voyager Magazine issue 2, p. 20)

In a story idea that the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine writers had that eventually became the two-parter "Homefront" and "Paradise Lost", the Vulcans were to withdraw from the Federation. The cause of this schism was to be their concern that the Federation was becoming too concerned with the Changeling infiltration at the cost of civil liberties. Starfleet was to assume incorrectly that the Founders had infiltrated Vulcan society. (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Companion)

Regarding the depiction of crazed Vulcan crewmembers of the starship Seleya in ENT: "Impulse", Brannon Braga once remarked, "I loved the idea of


Vulcan zombies." (Star Trek: Communicator issue 151, p. 29)

In the unproduced animated series Star Trek: Final Frontier, set in the far future, the Vulcans left the Federation at some point in the 25th century to discuss reunification with the Romulans.

In an ultimately unused line of dialogue from the script of Star Trek, Spock explained, "'Cthia' is the stricture that binds our emotions... but few of us are that perfectly Vulcan." [4]

For Star Trek Into Darkness, Vulcan ear prosthetics, in encapsulated silicone, were created by makeup artist David Snyder. A few changes were made to the Vulcan ears when compared to those from the previous film, Star Trek, on which Snyder had also worked. David LeRoy Anderson, the Makeup Department Head for Into Darkness, explained, "Our modifications were strictly"The Paradise Syndrome")

While "Little Green Men" implies that Vulcans were not warp-capable until at least 1947, in the novel Prime Directive they already possessed such technology in 1908: a Vulcan survey ship was responsible for the mysterious Tunguska event, redirecting a large meteor about to hit Western Europe – where it would have killed millions and done irreparable damage to Human civilization – so that it instead impacted in an area so remote that no Human deaths were recorded.


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Pedals Over The Pyrenees

(or Spain And Spokes And Trains)

by Neil Peart

1988

Here follows the chronicle of a voyage across the Pyrenees by bicycle, from Barcelona to Bordeaux, and then by train to Paris. The trip was undertaken by five of us in June of 1987, and stretched over ten days and about 600 miles of cycling.

The notes for this journal were kept by way of a mini-cassette recorder, on which I recorded thoughts and observations, passing sounds, songs and even jokes, while on my bicycle, on trains and planes, and even under the ground in caves.

Chapter Listing

Day 1 - "A THIEF IN THE NIGHT" (or, 'BIG BANGS IN BARCELONA") Barcelona

Since I had driven down from Paris a few days earlier, I wasalready waiting outside the Gran Via hotel in Barcelona on the morning of June 20th, a Saturday. It had rained the night before, but the sky had cleared through the morning, leaving the day clear and sun-washed.

The boulevard in front of the hotel is wide, with the main thoroughfare separated from outer lanes by raised islands of paving stones and park benches, the sunlight dappling them through the leaves of the plane trees. I settled myself on a bench to await the arrival of the others- Bob and Rose Marie Boysen, Gay Burgiel and Henry Kane. ! passed the time by cleaning and oiling my bicycle, as it was a lithe the worse for wear after a couple of months of daily commuting across Toronto and Paris. Then


I went across the street to buy an International Herald Tribune to do he crossword puzzle. There on the front page was a story about a bomb going off here in Barcelona yesterday, killing 15 people and injuring 30. Great! This made me a little nervous at each loud noise in the street, and it happened to be a day when people were shooting off fireworks all over the place- big ones too!

Just as I was beginning to worry about them a little, my fellow-travelers came pedaling (the wrong way) up the street. After a rather, ah, stimulating ride from the airport, they were glad to get checked into the hot& and ride off with me on their now unladen bicycles. We stopped in an outdoor café inthe wide and sunny open area of the Plaza de Cataluna- for lunch.

I had first met Bob, Rosie and their neighbor Gay on a cycling trip in China a couple of years ago, and we had toured together with Henry (and Mimi and Bill) on the. "Boysentours Transalpine" trip from Munich to Venice in 1986. Since then I had become a long-distance member of their cycling club, the Western Jersey Wheelmen. The Boysens are the consummate tour organizers, Bob preparing maps and charts of the route, side elevations of each day, as well as possible variations of the route, While Rosie sifts the Michelin Green and Red guides for places of interest and good places to stay. Thus a Boysentours trip is an organized one!

It was great to


see them all again, and to sit together at a sidewalk table beside the busy streets and the exotic, somehow decadent buildings of Barcelona, talking about the travels we'd shared- and the travels to come.

With a few days of exploring the city behind me, (though not by bicycle) I was nominated as "Guide For A Day" to lead our group to the sights. Because I had been very much taken with the works of the (literally) fantastic architect Antonio Gaudf, I led the others to his outrageous cathedral, the Sagrada Familia, to see the paramount example of his visionary, utterly original 'art-nouveau, ice-cream-Gothic" style. Though work on it was interrupted by his death in 1926 (he was run down by a Barcelona streetcar!), it remains an awesome sight,even in its unfinished form. As Bob said: "That's definitely one of the most amazing things. I've seen in my whole life!" Yeah-me too.

It's a strange thing; when I had visited the Château at Versailles a few weeks before, I had been struck by a curious feeling of sadness. A similar mood had come over me while visiting the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace in Beijing, or wandering through the incredible excesses of Mad King Ludwig in Bavaria. It's difficult to articulate; I knew it had to do with a romantic longing for the remoteness of a bygone time, but mostly it was the contrast against what I knew to be the normal circumstances of life for the people who had paid for these incredible monuments to


won't do for a view!

That night we went out for dinner in the narrow streets of the Barrio Gothico, the Gothic Quarter, where there are walls still standing from Roman times. Afterward we took a walk along the bazaar-like (and bizarre, like) atmosphere of the boulevard called Las Ramblas. During the day the wide boulevard is a series of stalls selling flowers, plants, exotic birds and animals, and more prosaic newspapers and magazines. Day and night the promenade is filled with a colorful spectacle of street musicians, jugglers, acrobats, mimes, hookers and beggars. One of the more inventive of the latter even had vivid eyes painted on his eyelids, presumably to let him carry on his chosen profession while he slept! Among the songs and squawks of thetropical birds and he sounds of traffic, I also heard the international call of "hashish, hashish".

Some years ago Somerset Maugham apparently called Las Rambles the most beautiful street in the world. That kind of subjective opinion is of course always open to argument, but it is definitely an interesting place.

As we stood before one of the news kiosks While Henry bought a map, there occurred one of Life's Nasty Tricks. A purse snatcher stooped and ran low, grabbing a bag which dangled from the wrist of a tired Rosie. Bob, Henry and she were off in quick pursuit, followed by myself- a little slower on the uptake. I didn't catch 'what had happened right away, and there was also an accomplice who played a variable role. as "interference


man". He could distract the pursuers, block them, and also, he gave me the impression that he was a bystander assisting in the chase! It's interesting how an incident like, that runs through your head in slow-motion for days. Why didn't I stick out a foot and trip him? Why didn't I go after him faster?

After a fruitless chase through dark narrow streets and a deserted, cat-infested marketplace, we regrouped back on the boulevard, where Gay had been left alone- wondering what to do if nobody came back! Henry told me later that, since he was the first in pursuit, as he went around the corners of those dark streets he was secretly hoping that he wouldn't catch up with anyone! Can't blame him really.

After all this unpleasantvarious consulates and embassies, the rain stopped, and we loaded up our panniers and cycled out of Barcelona. The riding was still treacherous, especially on the rain-slicked cobblestone streets, and it was good at least that it was Sunday, as the streets and traffic of Barcelona are not "cycle-friendly".

By the time we were out of the city, the sky was clear and the roads were good, rolling gently along beside cornfields, vegetable gardens and wooded hillsides. The road followed the route of the Llabregat river for the first forty miles or so, passing through some small towns. In one of these I was a little taken aback to see a soldier with an automatic rifle at the ready standing in front of the town hall. This is a


vision which doesn't fit at all with the atmosphere of a sleepy Sunday morning in a Spanish village. Unfortunately though, it does fit with the tense atmosphere of the larger European cities these days. The popular European impression of North America as a violent place becomes ever more ironic, with their city streets and airports patrolled by guards wearing bullet-proof vests and carrying machine guns. (And bombs going off in Barcelona!) That kind of harsh reality always gives me a chill. Street crime is one thing- wholesale murder quite another.

There are also the political posters everywhere in these small towns, Communist hammers and sickles, as well as the ravings of the neo-Nazis (or "National Front", as the white-supremacists call themselves in England, France and here in Spain too).Violent racism is on the rise in much of Europe these days. At least we're usually spared those kind of extremist fanatics too.

I had been eager to see the mountain of Montserrat, as I have had some wonderful times on the island called Montserrat in the Caribbean. It was Columbus who named the island, reportedly for its similarity to this jagged mountain near Barcelona where there was a famous monastery. The monastery is still there too, perched high up on the stark and rocky cliffs, and there is indeed a resemblance to the rocky headland of the island. I took a bunch of photographs to send to friends on the island.

In the past I have often traveled without a camera, the better to absorb the atmosphere of places


hand-lettered sign saying "BAR", with an arrow, hanging over a tunnel under the railway tracks. We decided that looked more interesting.

And here we entered a different Spain, following the sign through a crumbling tunnel under the tracks, and then along a little path to discover a wonderfully quaint little restaurant. No more than a few tables clustered under a grape arbor, it was run by a rustic old couple who greeted us warmly, and offered us a freshly-dressed goat carcass (with its internal organs thoughtfully still attached!), but instead we chose a cheap and simple meal of steak and pommes frites.

The others soon joined us there, having only spent a few minutes at the monastery, then ridden the cable-car down again. They had enjoyed the ride and thehad sent us pictures and information on this stop, which was a tenth-century castle perched high on a hilltop, apparently visible for miles. Now it is run by the government as a Parador Nacional, a hotel with 65 rooms.

Both Henry and I came down with an afternoon attack of fatigue, that unpleasant sensation of weakness and light-headedness. Maybe it was from trying to learn to pedal, steer, breathe and talk all at the same time. Anyway, my voice on the tape was decidedly shaky for a while, and we both stopped at a snack place along the road for a "sugar fix". Perhaps a rest (and some ice cream) would help before we faced the long climb up the switchbacks to the Parador. It did the trick, we


felt much better, and finally made the last steep turn into the forecourt of the hotel. It was wonderful to arrive there at last, and enjoy a shower and a Scotch on the rocks while looking over a magnificent view down to the little village below, and off to the rolling green hills in the distance.

It was a fabulous place to stay, a combination of authentic ruins and well-restored castle and we took a walk around it before dinner, spending some time talking in the late afternoon sun at the top of the highest tower. We had a well-earned and very good meal in the dining room, a bit of star-gazing back on the tower, then it was great to go to bed with the windows wide open,a cool fresh gazing back on the tower, then it was great to go to bed with the windows wide open, a cool fresh wind blowing in.

Before I fell asleep 1 was reading about how this castle had been a Republican stronghold during the Spanish Civil War, and soon I was asleep, dreaming of being a member of the International Brigade fighting against the Fascists. There I was, in the smoke and chaos of battle, shells going off around me as we defended it valiantly against Franco's armies.

I awoke to realize that the artillery of my dream was in fact a fireworks display from the village below us, and Henry and I stood at the window, looking down on it from our regal height. An below us, and


until Henry rode up beside me and said: "I hate to ask you this, but where are your water bottles?"

Well.

I looked down at the empty cages on the frame, and my heart sank. Of all the mornings to have left them on the steps of the hotel, it had to be when they were two miles uphill behind me. Of all the stupid things I've done- that's certainly one of them.

Quickly weighing the options, I decided to go back for them, and in fact it wasn't so bad climbing that hill again, this time in the cool morning and without being already tired from a day's ride. I ended up about a half hour behind the others, but they promised to wait for me at breakfast. It waswe rode along. "Indeed", I replied, "And a prosperous one", as we were now being passed by Mercedes, BMWs and the kind of up-market cars that were scarce in Spain.

(A brief aside on the Spanish automotive scene. The greatest majority of the cars on the road are French; Renaults, Citroens, and Peugeots; though there is a native make called SEAT. As with the Russian LADA, in order to build the cheapest car possible they had simply bought the outdated manufacturing machinery from FIAT. Thus they could build superceded FIAT models, without the trouble and expense of designing and tooling up for their own cars. As proof of their success, I noticed in Automobile magazine that the SEAT was voted the worst car in the world! Well done, guys!

There


I guess it has literally commercialized itself out of existence. Apparently though, the remoter valleys retain their character and charm.

The principality itself dates back to 1278, with dual allegiance to France and Spain being established by the feudal bosses of the time. It has an area of only 179 square miles, and a population of about 30,000 mainly Catalan speaking people. They have no taxes or military service, and postal services are provided by both the French and Spanish governments.

I was reading that in the government building there is a cabinet housing the national archives. There are seven locks on the door, a key to one lock being held by each of the leaders of the country's seven parishes. How delightfully archaic and romantic!

The first surfaced roads werenot opened to Spain until 1913, and to France until 1931- though it seems they've made up for lost time. Like the Swiss, they have a historical reputation as smugglers, and they also have the dubious distinction of having the highest per capita registration of cars in the world- with the lowest registration of drivers. The reason for this is a large business smuggling French cars into Spain!

It was interesting that the highway in both directions was littered with boxes from cameras and lenses, and instruction books for car stereos and components, as their French and Spanish purchasers "eliminated the evidence".

We arrived at the (thankfully) pleasant Eden Roc hotel near the middle of the busy town at the end of 116 kilometers- 72 miles. From now on I


condition. (Exactly the opposite of what we'd found crossing from Switzerland into Italy last year!)

We stopped for lunch at a little town with a big name- l'Hospitalet-pres-l'Andorre- and had a terrific meal to celebrate our "conquering of the Pyrenees". Omelettes, crêpes, a huge tray of pommes frites - it was great to be in France again, where it's against the law to serve bad food!

We continued downhill, through the pretty little spa town of Ax-les-Thermes, and along the smooth Route National N20 which paralleled the Aneoe River and led us the rest of the way to Foix.

After a 97 kilometre day (though it felt like more), we arrived at a nice modern family-run hotel. After we got settled in and cleaned up, Gay, Henry and I enjoyed walkingfor National Fair Housing Alliance, amicus curiae.
Lawrence Rosenthal, Deputy Corp. Counsel, Benna R. Solomon, Mardell Nereim (argued), Kelly R. Welsh, Asst. Corp. Counsel, Appeals Div., for City of Chicago, in No. 91-2491.
James R. Beyer, Jeffrey K. Ross (argued), Brenda A. Russell, Seyfarth, Shaw, Fairweather & Geraldson, Chicago, IL for plaintiffs-appellees in No. 91-2491.
Laurene K. Janik (argued), Joshua J. Nathan, National Ass'n of Realtors, Chicago, IL, Robert D. Butters, Cichocki & Armstrong, Oak Park, IL, for Illinois Ass'n of Realtors, National Ass'n of Realtors and Chicago Bd. of Realtors, amicus curiae.
Before BAUER, Chief Judge, FLAUM, Circuit Judge, and WOOD, Jr., Senior Circuit Judge.
BAUER, Chief Judge.

1
Plaintiffs, consisting of the City of Chicago (the "City"), the Leadership Council for Metropolitan Open Communities (the "Leadership Council"), and individual "testers," sued Matchmaker Real


in the illegal practice of racial steering.3  The Leadership Council therefore conducted a series of tests of defendants' activities.   Pairs of black and white "testers"--individuals who posed as homeseekers--went to Matchmaker and inquired about buying homes on the southwest side of Chicago or nearby suburbs.4  The Leadership Council closely matched the black and white teams for financial qualifications (including income and possible down payments) and housing needs (such as family size and preferences).   Beginning in July of 1987, the Leadership Council, through its testers, began the first of five tests.

A. Test One

3
In July of 1987, Rosalinda Castillo, a white tester, called Matchmaker and spoke to defendant Daniel King.   She requested information about houses for sale priced in the $70,000 range.  King ascertained Castillo's family size and available downpayment ($10,000).   Tr. at 245-46.   On July 25, 1987, Castillo met King at the Matchmaker office.   They discussed financing and possible mortgage lenders.   Castillo and her white co-tester, Kenneth Govas, told King their combined income was $39,000.   King suggested that they look in the West Lawn and Garfield Ridge areas.   Tr. at 247.   Both are white neighborhoods.   King had a Multiple Listing Service ("MLS") list of many homes with prices up to $75,000 which provided addresses, neighborhoods, and other general information.

4
King crossed out two houses on the list.   Both houses were in areas that had virtually a 100% black population.


 King advised the testers that if they saw a house in West Lawn, West Elsdon, or Garfield Ridge (all white areas), they should move quickly because those houses generally sell fast, unlike the homes in the Gage Park and Chicago Lawn areas along Western Avenue (which were either racially mixed or black areas).   King also gave the white testers a detailed computer printout list of six houses in the West Lawn and West Elsdon areas.

5
Also in July of 1987, Deborah Bennett, a black tester, called Matchmaker's office and spoke with King.   Tr. at 343.   Bennett requested information about houses for sale in the $70,000 price range.   Bennett informed King that her family income was $51,000 and that their availablehouses he had selected.   All of the houses were located in white areas west of Kedzie Avenue.5  On August 15, 1987, Walker met Rita Ernst and her white co-tester, Joseph Ernst, to inspect the houses he had selected.   After Rita Ernst asked Walker about the absence of "For Sale" signs in front of the houses, he responded that "these were nice neighborhoods and that they want to keep the neighborhoods nice."   Tr. at 229.   He also said that the signs were missing in order to discourage "certain parties [who] want to come in."   Tr. at 1009.

7
In March of 1988, the Ernsts met Walker again and viewed two additional homes he had selected.   Tr. at 371-72.


  Both houses were in their price range and located in white areas west of Kedzie.   Also, Walker told the white testers that he had a third house in Gage Park that was "nice" but that he would not show it to them because it was "east of Kedzie" (in a black area) and they "wouldn't want to live there."   Tr. at 376-78.

8
Also in August of 1987, Lynda Hale, a black tester, called Matchmaker and spoke to King.   Hale requested information about homes in the $70,000 to $75,000 range in southern Gage Park and Chicago Lawn between 55th and 71st Streets west of Western Avenue.   She also told King that she preferred a home near Midway Airport because herhusband travelled from there often.   Tr. at 387-88.   When Ms. Hale and her black co-tester, James Hill, arrived for their appointment on August 16, 1987, King had already selected four homes south of 71st Street, three of which were east of Western Avenue.   All of the homes were in racially mixed areas and priced well below the black testers' requested price ranges.   When the black testers renewed their request to see homes which were located north of 71st Street and west of Western, King did not shift his focus to the west.   Instead, he selected two homes located near Western Avenue, priced between $57,000 and $57,999, more than $12,000 below the low end of the testers' price range


and located in racially mixed areas.   Tr. at 391.   At the time the black testers visited Matchmaker, homes were available in the requested $70,000 to $75,000 price range, as the white testers in Test One had been given listings for West Lawn and West Elsdon (both white areas) in that price range less than two weeks earlier.   Also, the West Lawn and West Elsdon areas are significantly closer to Midway Airport.

C. Test Three

9
In late October of 1987, Elvia Fernandez, a white tester, telephoned Matchmaker's office and asked about a house located in West Lawn (a white area) that had been advertised for sale.   She spoke to Alan Walker and told him she was married with one child and had ahousehold income of $40,000.   Tr. at 300-01.   He provided her with information about the advertised house and also suggested that Fernandez drive by another house in the area that was not yet advertised.   On October 31, 1987, Fernandez and her white co-tester, Manolo Castillo, met with Walker and told him that they wanted to inspect the unadvertised house.   Walker asked the white testers about their preference in housing, their price range ($60,000 to $70,000), and down payment.   Tr. at 301.   Walker also set up an appointment for the white testers to inspect the house.   He showed the white testers the house and advised them to call him as soon as they made a decision.

10
On


the same day the white testers called, Theresa Prim, a black tester, telephoned Matchmaker and requested information about homes advertised in the same advertisement the white testers had called about.   Prim spoke with Matchmaker agent Sara Munoz.   Tr. at 990.   The first house Prim asked about was in West Elsdon (a white area).   The second house was in West Lawn (also a white area).   Munoz told Prim that the price of the first home was $82,500, and the price of the second house was $75,000.   Prim informed Munoz that her price range was $60,000, but also said she wanted to see both houses.   Munoz told Prim that Prim should make an offer and seetold Prim that she had been unable to contact any of the owners of the four houses.   Prim requested that Munoz arrange viewing appointments for the four houses during that week, preferably on Saturday, November 7.   On Friday, November 6, Munoz made two appointments for the next day at the two homes in Gage Park and Chicago Lawn.   Both were priced significantly lower than the homes Prim originally called about.

12
Munoz showed the black testers the two houses, but she made no effort to sell the houses and provided little information to the black testers.   See Tr. at 479-81.   Munoz did not request any information about their employment or financial situations, and did not offer any suggestions as to


how they could obtain financing.   After showing the two houses, Munoz offered to go back to her office to see if she had any more listings.   The black testers declined to go because they felt that Munoz was not interested in dealing with them.   Tr. at 481.

D. Test Four

13
In early June of 1988, Sharon Swan, a white tester, called Matchmaker and spoke to King.   She requested information about houses for sale priced in the $70,000 to $80,000 range.   On June 4, 1988, Swan met with King at the Matchmaker office.   King asked about the employment of Swan and her white co-tester Victor Crown.   Although King did not ask the white testers about their income,day after the white testers called, Queen Frazier, a black tester, called Matchmaker's offices.   The magistrate judge found that Frazier's accent, as heard at trial, as well as her name, probably identified her as a black person.   Op. of Nov. 7, 1990 at 18.   Frazier spoke to Munoz and requested information about houses in the $65,000 to $70,000 range.   She later told Munoz that she needed to be near a bus line.   Tr. at 270-71.   Munoz gave Frazier a list of three houses located in Chicago Lawn, east of Kedzie, in a racially mixed area.   The houses were priced at $49,000, $64,900, and $69,000.   Tr. at 271-72.   Munoz made an


appointment for June 4, 1988 to see Frazier and her black co-tester, Melvin Dillard, at the Matchmaker office.   This was the same day as the white testers' appointment.

15
At the June 4, 1988 meeting, Munoz provided the black testers with a computer printout of 141 houses, all in Chicago Lawn.   There were no houses above the black testers' price range on the printout.   Sixteen of the houses listed were in the black testers' price range of $65,000 to $70,000, while 125 homes were priced below $65,000.   See Tr. at 293-94, 739-40.   White tester Swan, who was in the Matchmaker offices at the same time, received a completely different listing of houses available--all of which were in white areas.

16
From theoriginal list of three houses Munoz had provided over the telephone, Frazier told Munoz that she wanted to inspect the $69,000 house.   Munoz informed the black testers that the house had no garage, although they had not requested a house with a garage.   Tr. at 272-73.   The black testers then asked to see the $64,900 house, which was also located in Chicago Lawn, east of Kedzie.   Munoz told the black testers that she had been unable to contact the homeowners.   Munoz then requested the black testers' work telephone number, in case more listings became available.   Tr. at 275.

E. Test Five

17
Shortly after Test 4, but still during June of 1988, William McCarthy, a white tester, called Matchmaker's


office.   McCarthy spoke to King about houses for sale in the $80,000 to $90,000 price range.   McCarthy told King that he and his wife were from the north side of Chicago and knew nothing about the southwest side.   Tr. at 159.   King asked about McCarthy's finances and employment and scheduled an appointment for June 13, 1988.   At the meeting, Sara Munoz initially met with the testers and produced a general computer list of approximately 200 houses in white suburban areas for McCarthy and his white cotester, Sandi Gaffen.   When it appeared that King would not keep the appointment with the white testers, Carol Scarpiniti agreed to meet with them.

18
Scarpiniti asked the white testers to close thewhite testers because they had a much higher income ($51,000) than the vast majority of Matchmaker's customers.   The white testers' income in Test Five, however, was the same as the black testers' income in Test One, yet the black testers were encouraged to see houses in Chicago Lawn and Gage Park that were $20,000 to $30,000 below their price range.

20
Scarpiniti also admitted that the white testers had expressed an interest in seeing bungalows and that "[t]he general population for the bungalows is in Chicago Lawn and Gage Park."   Tr. at 800.   Both are racially mixed or black areas.   Matchmaker had numerous listings for bungalows in Gage Park and Chicago Lawn, but Scarpiniti did not show the white testers any bungalows


in either area.   By comparison, an agent of Matchmaker offered bungalows in Chicago Lawn and Gage Park to black tester Bennett in Test One even though these bungalows were far below her price range.6  Scarpiniti took McCarthy's telephone number and encouraged the white testers to keep in touch.

21
On the same day that McCarthy called Matchmaker, Glenn Brewer, a black tester, called the Matchmaker office and spoke to Sara Munoz.   Brewer told Munoz that he was married, had one child, and had a household income of $60,000.   He asked about houses priced in the $75,500 to $90,000 range for sale north of 95th Street and informed her that he could make a down payment of up to $15,000.   Tr. at319-20.   Munoz mailed Brewer a general listing of 26 houses in the white suburbs of Evergreen Park and Oak Lawn.   About a week later, Brewer called Munoz with the addresses of four houses which he and his black co-tester, Karen Haskins-Brewer, had selected from the listings and wanted to inspect.   Tr. at 322.   Munoz then asked about Brewer's finances, income, and possible down payment.   Munoz calculated how expensive a house Brewer could afford and offered to show him a breakdown of monthly payments.   Five days later, Munoz called Brewer to inform him that she had secured an appointment for only one of the four houses that Brewer had suggested.   That house borders on the


racially mixed Wrightwood section of Ashburn.   The Brewers arrived so late for their appointment that Munoz canceled and left.   Munoz subsequently reported that two of the four homes the Brewers had selected were sold.   She could not get an appointment for one of the houses, but she had selected another home for them to view.   That house was located in Wrightwood near the house that the Brewers had selected.   On June 23, 1988, the black testers viewed the two houses.   Afterwards, Munoz encouraged them to continue to look for homes with her.

F. Erwin Ernst

22
Erwin Ernst is Matchmaker's sole shareholder and chief executive officer.   He exercises day-to-day control over Matchmaker and its real estate agents.and a corresponding increased burden on the City in the form of increased crime and an erosion of the tax base.   Tr. at 428.   Further, the City's fair housing agency has to use its scarce resources to ensure compliance with the fair housing laws (including its own fair housing ordinances).   The City's fair housing agency cannot perform its routine services--human relations training, community workshops, etc.--because it has to commit resources against those engaged in racial steering.   Tr. at 432.

30
These injuries parallel those alluded to in Gladstone, also a racial steering case.   There, the Supreme Court noted the adverse effects of racial steering on a city or town.  441 U.S. at 110-11, 99 S.Ct. at 1613.


they allege that the magistrate judge erred by finding all the defendants liable.

35
Compensatory damages are an appropriate remedy under both Sections 1982 and 3604.   Given the facts of this case, the magistrate judge properly held all the defendants liable for compensatory damages.   The individual agent defendants--King, Munoz, Scarpiniti, and Walker--all engaged in racial steering.   The facts demonstrate that the four agents treated the black testers worse than the white testers.   The magistrate judge's conclusion that this different treatment was because of race is amply supported by the record.   Matchmaker agents King, Munoz, Scarpiniti, and Walker consistently steered white testers toward white areas and black testers toward black areas.   The four agents also denied the black testersA professional consultant gives expert advice to businesses and organizations. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects the profession to grow by 83 percent between 2008 and 2018, much faster than the average growth for all jobs. With a median salary of more than $75,000, consultants also make well above the average pay of other workers. Consultants work with all types of organizations and industry sectors, including technology, marketing and non-profits. Consultants may work as independent contractors and often work for several different clients. Some consultants begin their careers as research associates or junior analysts. Professional consulting firms may hire consultants with a master's degree and several years of field experience.

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About the Author

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655 F.Supp. 1323 (1987)
The UNIVERSITY CLUB, Plaintiff,
v.
The CITY OF NEW YORK, the New York City Commission on Human Rights, and Dr. Marcella Maxwell, S. Ted Antholes, Rabbi Jacob Bronner, Joyce Hunter, Glen Lau-Kee, James B. Levin, Wittie McNeil, LeRoy E. Pagano, Lydia Riviero, Julia Gared de Rodriguez, Helga Weiss Tanenbaum, Boleslaw Wierzbianski, and Andrew Wolf, Defendants.
The UNION LEAGUE CLUB, Plaintiff,
v.
The CITY OF NEW YORK, Edward I. Koch, the Mayor of the City of New York, and the City Commission on Human Rights, Defendants.
No. 86 Civ. 2330 (GLG).
United States District Court, S.D. New York.
March 17, 1987.
*1324 LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae, New York City, for University Club; by Frederick B. Lacey, Molly S. Boast, Stephen H. Orel, of counsel.
Lunney & Crocco, New York City, for Union League Club; by


J. Robert Lunney, Andrew P. Saulitis, of counsel.
Frederick A.O. Schwarz, Jr., Corp. Counsel of the City of New York, New York City, for all defendants; by Dennis deLeon, Lorna Bade Goodman, Alexandra S. Bowie, Peter H. Lehner.
GOETTEL, District Judge:
The plaintiffs in these actions, the University Club ("University") and the Union League Club ("Union"), are private membership clubs located in the city of New York. The plaintiffs bring these consolidated actions[1] against the defendants, the City of New York, Mayor Edward I. Koch,[2] the New York City Commission on Human Rights (the "Commission"), and the members of the Commission.[3] The clubs seek a declaration that the 1984 amendments to the New York City Human Rights Law are unconstitutional on their face and as applied to the clubs, and seekperson any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities or privileges thereof.
Id. (emphasis added). The Human Rights Law expressly excludes from its definition of "public accommodation, resort, or amusement" benevolent orders, religious corporations, and those institutions, clubs, and places of accommodation that are in their nature "distinctly private."
On October 9, 1984, the New York City Council enacted Local Law 63. In pertinent part, Local Law 63 amends the Human Rights Law so that
an institution, club, or place of accommodation shall not be considered in its nature distinctly private if it has more than four hundred members, provides regular meal service and regularly receives payment for dues, fees, use of space, facilities, services, meals or beverages *1325 directly or indirectly from or on behalf of nonmembers for furtherance of trade or


activities occurring therein and the prejudicial impact of these activities on business, professional and employment opportunities of minorities and women cannot be ignored.
Legislative Declaration, Local Laws of the City of New York for the Year 1984, § 1.
Immediately upon its enactment, Local Law 63 was attacked. On October 24, 1985, the day the law became effective, the New York State Club Association ("NYSCA"), whose members include plaintiffs, sued the City of New York, the Mayor of New York, and the Commission on Human Rights in New York State Supreme Court to have the law declared unconstitutional.[4] NYSCA claimed that some of its member clubs met the criteria set forth in Local Law 63, and would therefore not be deemed distinctly private for purposes of the Human Rights Law.the Appellate Division was likewise affirmed by the New York Court of Appeals in an erudite opinion by Chief Judge Wachtler. New York State Club Assoc., Inc. v. City of New York, 69 N.Y.2d 211, 513 N.Y.S.2d 349, 505 N.E.2d 915 (Ct.App.1987).
On January 30, 1986, shortly after the New York Supreme Court upheld the law, the Commission filed administrative complaints against three clubs, including the plaintiffs, alleging that these clubs had unlawfully discriminated against women in their membership practices.[5] The Commission's complaints were accompanied by interrogatories addressed to, inter alia, the *1326 use of the clubs' facilities by members and nonmembers, and the identities of the clubs' members. It was acknowledged that these clubs did not accept women members[6] and the thrust of the investigation was to establish


whether they should be deemed distinctly private under Local Law 63.
In March 1986, notwithstanding NYSCA's defeat in the New York court (which was then on appeal), the plaintiffs filed suit to enjoin the Commission's investigation and to have Local Law 63 declared unconstitutional. The complaints allege that these clubs are distinctly private, and that, on its face and as applied to them, Local Law 63 violates their rights of privacy, freedom of association, freedom of speech, due process, and equal protection. Furthermore, the plaintiffs allege that the law is an unlawful bill of attainder, and that it violates the contract clause of the United States Constitution. The clubs also challenge the Commission's enforcement of the law as unconstitutionally discriminatory and abusive.
The defendants make several arguments in support ofpertinent considerations in a charge of selective prosecution. In other words, only if the Commission's decision to prosecute was arbitrarily based on characteristics of the clubs themselves can the plaintiffs claim selective prosecution.
Moreover, to the extent the plaintiffs are complaining that the Commission is not prosecuting clubs which discriminate against men, their umbrage is misplaced. Although Local Law 63 is gender-neutral on its face, it was enacted for the stated purpose of protecting women and minorities. See supra pp. 1324-25, quoting Legislative Declaration, Local Laws of the City of New York for the Year 1984, § 1.
University offers an additional ground for its selective prosecution claim. University suggests that the defendants' motivation for proceeding against it is "suspect," that the Commission had a "particular interest" in altering University's


Deuteronomy 6:22

And the Lord showed signs and wonders, great and sore Meaning the ten plagues, which were signs of the power of God, marvellous works, great, above the power of nature, and very sore or "evil" F25; very distressing to the Egyptians; for they came and lay heavy

upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household, before our eyes; upon the king, his courtiers, and the whole land, and which were done publicly in the sight of the people of Israel, as well as the Egyptians; and there were some then living, though at that time when wrought under twenty years, who saw with their own eyes what were done to them, and could never forget them. Here also the Targum of Jonathan has it,Webb City Speed Dating

One of the dating services for meeting local people is Webb City speed dating. Based on a series of short planned introductions Webb City speed dating allow singles to quickly meet people face to face in a safe and fun environment. Imagine meeting people online in a similar fashion through matchmaker.com'sinnovative new Cupid feature which emails you introductions of singles in the Webb City speed dating area without ever having to leave your home.

just lookin for the right girl - first off i gota big family and all of them are pretty nutty. I have 2 kids my lil girl mallory jayde whos 4 and my lil boy cayden whos 3 their my life and they come b4 anyone else. I just got out of


in several ordinances that crushed his plan before it began.

Closer to home, back in 2010, Cobb launched an unsuccessful attempt to register a non-profit society called Whitepeace in Vancouver.

On this occasion, however, the 62-year-old Cobb had voluntarily submitted to a DNA test before the Trisha taping. When Goddard – who is black – reveals the results, her studio audience seems to know what's coming, even if Cobb remains oblivious.

"Eighty-six per cent European," said Goddard, as the audience noise slowly mounts. And then: "14 per cent sub-Saharan African."

While Goddard and another unidentified guest join in with the audience laughter, Cobb tries to interject by claiming his genetic makeup is "statistical noise."

Adding insult to injury, Goddard tells Cobb: "You have a little black in you." She then tries to fist-bumpin the United States to produce oil from tar sands for energy use on a commercially sustainable basis.

Those efforts are attracting increasing attention for their potential promise or future hazard, largely due to how tar sands development in Alberta, Canada, has boosted energy supplies and economies while causing considerable environmental concern.

U.S. Oil Sands is aiming to have a commercial operation with a capacity of up to 2,000 barrels a day up and running by next year in what is called the P.R. Spring tar sands deposit in the Bookcliffs area north of Interstate 70. The Alberta-based company has 32,000 leased acres of state trust lands at P.R. Spring.

MCW Energy Group, another Canadian company, hopes to be producing from a 250-barrel-a-day pilot facility in the Asphalt Ridge deposit near


it, was "born male" but "lives as a woman."

PC to the last, the Times insisted on using feminine pronouns for the rapist, despite his obviously having male genitalia, and said rapist's contention that his victim was cool with everything until buyer's remorse set in over their "consensual" sex, because, you know the victim was prejudiced against "women" with penes. (Yeah, I did it, I used those scare quotes...)

Oh, those transphobic travellers, they make things so difficult for the real victims.

(Has the Times in the past had sympathy for parents who don't think boys pretending to be girls using the girls' restroom is fair to actual girls? or for women complaining about men who dress as women using the women's locker rooms at gyms? Why, no. No, they haven't.The Elite Guardsman from this image . The best soldiers from the Imperial Forces are allowed into the elite forces of the Celestial Guard. Three thousand men strong, the Celestial Guard defends the Imperial Capital as well as serving as bodyguards for Imperial Generals in the field. This guy is a heavy cavalry archer armed with composite bows, war picks for dealing with heavily armored enemies and long curved cleaving swords for hacking down enemy infantry, though lancers also exist.


Billing Entries and "Block Billing"
Defendants also seek a reduction in the number of hours expended by Plaintiffs' attorneys due to the vagueness of the attorneys' billing records. Defendants argue that vague and general entries such as, "telephone conference," "office conference," "research," and "review article" make it impossible for the Court to evaluate the reasonableness of the hours expended on the litigation. This Court agrees with respect to the billing entries submitted by the Maslon attorneys.
As the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has stated: "To establish that he is entitled to reimbursement for particular items of attorneys' fees ... the fee petitioner must provide the court with the attorneys' billing records that describe the work performed in sufficient detail to establish that the work isshifting to the defendant the costs associated with defending against an intervention. Id.
As in Hopwood, Defendants in the pending matter remained neutral on the intervention issue and the purpose of the intervention was to raise arguments and defenses that Defendants expressed no interest in raising. The Intervenors argued that the use of race as a factor in LSA's admissions process was necessary to remedy past discrimination by the University a justification the Supreme Court noted in its opinion the University has never asserted during this litigation. Because the Intervenors asserted a completely different defense to the University's admissions process, the Court also finds it likely that the intervention delayed the progress of the litigation. At the very least, the intervention resulted in attorneys' fees and costs that Plaintiffs


not find Mr. Kessler's or Mr. Niehoff's hourly billing rates helpful to its assessment of the reasonableness of the rates sought by Plaintiffs' attorneys.
Instead, the Court will begin by looking at the rates reported in the State Bar's survey to determine the prevailing market rate applicable to this case. For each of Plaintiffs' attorneys, the Court has determined the prevailing market rate for attorneys with similar legal classifications, years of experience, and fields of law and in comparably-sized practice groups.[10] Because the Bar's survey reports state-wide rates for these categories, for out-of-town counsel the Court has increased those rates by the percentage difference between the average rate for attorneys practicing in Detroit and the average rate for attorneys practicing state-wide (43%).[11] The Court also factored in the averagesetting drug prices.

Novo Nordisk says it will continue to supply insulin in vials at the reduced price. Insulin, a hormone normally released by the pancreas, helps control blood sugar levels.

'Insensitive'

Greece wants to slash its enormous medical bill as part of its effort to reduce the country's crippling debt.

International pharmaceutical companies are owed billions in unpaid bills. Novo Nordisk claims it is owed $36m (£24.9m) dollars by the Greek state.

Pavlos Panayotacos, whose 10-year-old daughter Nephele has diabetes, has written to Novo Nordisk's chairman to criticise the move.

"As an economist I realise the importance of making a profit, but healthcare is more than just the bottom line," he wrote.

"As you well may know, Greece is presently in dire economic and social straits, and you could not have acted in a


Introduction

There were many prolific writers of Christian fiction in the last part of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. The majority of these books were fairly heavy-handed moral tales with warnings to young people, rather than romances. Two writers spring to mind who wrote romantic fiction for adults ― Mrs. O. F. Walton and Margaret S. Haycraft, whose works are still popular today. Our White Tree Publishing editions from these authors have been sensitively abridged and edited to make them much more acceptable to today's general readers, rather than publishing them unedited for students of Victorian prose. The characters and storyline are always left intact.

Eliza Kerr is perhaps less well known than Mrs. Walton and Margaret Haycraft, but she wrote in a similar style to the bookscalled, was a poor, half-witted old man who had gained a livelihood for many a year selling ribbons and materials for dresses, and wonderful brooches composed of brass and bright-coloured glass. Although he was but half-witted, he was sharp enough when selling his goods, and never allowed himself to be cheated or underpaid.

The people for many miles round the country always welcomed him gladly enough, for he picked up many a stray bit of news when going his rounds, and cheerfully amused his customers at their doors, or by their hearths in the evening hours.

"Now, missus, do buy something from old Jerry. Look now, I have here the very things to please you. Just these ribbons for your bonny black hair, and the sparkling stones to glow in


mildly, as she eyed a piece of bacon, the price of which seemed within the sum she usually allowed for that article of food.

Ambrose laughed good-humouredly. "I don't know about that, Miss Sarah, but I do know that Miss Keziah Dalton was here this afternoon, and her opinion of the minister was not a favourable one. At least," and he hastily corrected himself, "her words led me to believe that."

"The opinion of Miss Dalton is not worth much, for she is a sharp-tongued, self-satisfied woman," commented the lawyer's sister sternly.

"She has a quick tongue, and does speak out her mind, but she is an upright, sensible woman, though not a professor of the Christian faith, I'm sorry to say."

Miss Crowe did not answer further. She greatly disliked aand interfering. If he should meet her brother some time, and say that three-shilling tea was better than two-shilling, it would be most unpleasant and awkward.

There was that quiet man, Joseph Mar, who kept a provision shop in East Street. He would give whatever she desired and ask no questions about it. She thought she really would try him. But, then, James did wish her to go to Brown's shop.

When the dingy house in West Street was reached, Miss Sarah locked away her purchases securely, and went into the parlour to prepare tea. She found her brother sitting in an armchair close to the small fire, for he was not a young man, and the spring sun was hardly strong enough yet to warm him comfortably.

"The minister has


come, Sarah, so you'd better add something to the tea table. He is upstairs now. Was his room ready for him?"

"Yes, James. Oh, I hope he will be a quiet man, for it is the room over this."

"Oh, he'll be quiet enough. Make a good cup of tea tonight, for I'm tired. Old John Drayton at the Grange would try the patience and temper of a saint, and I'm not that."

Miss Sarah put an extra spoonful into the teapot because the minister had come, and then she turned to her brother. "You might as well arrange now how much money you will give me for the lodger's board. Remember, I shall have all the trouble of attending on him."

"I cannot give you much more, and you know that,"pawned, and he had no right and no power to resist the pawnbroker, any more than if he were one of those bundles of clothes, or one of those rugs or old carpets.

The articles in those upstair rooms were not all old. There were dainty shawls and dresses, and a white frock or two, wonderfully embroidered, which had belonged, no doubt, to some petted, indulged child. These latter were tenderly folded in clean paper, and put away into some empty boxes.

The boy could not have explained why he felt pity for them, but he would touch them gently with his fingers, and dream over them until he fancied they were alive. They were so different from the dusty, dirty clothes on the shelves, that they pleased him and


wishes to see you," he announced abruptly, as he entered the room.

"A visitor? I will see no visitors." was the angry, impatient answer. "Why did you bring him here?"

"Because he would take no denial. It is the new Wesleyan minister come in the place of Johnson, deceased."

"What do I care about Johnson, deceased?"

"Nothing; so I will go and tell this man that he may go home again as he came."

"Did you say, Wesleyan minister? Stay a minute."

But the lawyer had already quitted the room, and his quick steps soon brought him back to the little study and the waiting minister.

"He refuses to see you, just as I expected he would. He bid me say that he does not receive visitors. I am sorry you had your walk forown."

"I could not sit down under a false accusation, and such a one," he replied firmly. "I agree with you, that it is wiser for me to stay away until I can prove that I did not murder Ulric, and in the meantime she is free to act as she wishes."

"Pretty freedom, that," muttered Miss Dalton, as she quitted the room again.

"He is a good lad, a good lad," she murmured to herself, when she reached her own room; "but he is strong-willed, like the rest of them."

"You would not wish me to give up trying to prove my innocence, would you, my Dorothy?" He was standing at the gate with her now, for it was time for him to be gone.

"No," she answered, with trembling lips, "but


could, perhaps, obtain a wife in a much higher position of society, but I desire you." He paused. Then he said, "Now I await with impatience your favourable reply."

"You could not make me mistress of Grange Drayton," exclaimed Dorothy, her astonishment making her overlook all else in the lawyer's speech. "If the child heir be not found, Harold Drayton is the rightful heir. He is the only Drayton now. You are a stranger."

"The property is not entailed, nor bound up in any way. It is completely at the disposal of the squire, and he is about to make a will leaving it to me. There is no doubt that the child Ulric is dead. Of course, if he is alive I would not take the property. But youold man retorted.

"Is it fifty years gone that you was in the Peak land? I wonder however you live in this horrid hole. It'd take the life of me if I was in your stead."

"What brought you here, then?" queried the other impatiently.

"I thought as London was the greatest place in the world, where money almost grow'd, an' where the coins'd come to me quick like; and so I must see it. I've been here a bit now, an' I wish I was home again. I was a born fool to come, but experience teaches, as they says in the chapel. Though you're not over glad to see me ― as why should you be? ― I'd like to rest a night wi' you, an' go on in


are fresh and bright, just like the articles you have there. I'm sorrier for the bright articles than for the faded, old ones. But I forgot. Your things are not articles, because they are not pawned."

Jerry remained more than that one night with Joseph, his half-brother. He had a bad cough, and pains in his limbs from much walking; so he stayed on in his attic-chamber in order to recover his strength somewhat, although he was longing to be back again in the old Peak country.

During those days Nat and he had many conversations, and although the boy had led such a roving life and had not dwelt always in England, the old peddler told him many a story of Derbyshire that excited in him interest, and evenwas a warm summer day. The drowsy bees hummed over the countless flowers, the white and rose heaths covered the turf with a maze of soft colour, and the limestone rock flushed under the glowing rays of the sun.

The brightness and the colour all around him seemed to please the boy, and the bees and butterflies attracted his attention and unloosed his tongue. But Miss Crowe could not answer many of his questions, for she was as ignorant of country sights and sounds as if she had been town-born and town-bred.

"Why, Dorothy, I do believe I see Miss Sarah Crowe and that boy they have adopted coming towards our gate. Now, I will not have children about the place, and I like nothing in connection with the lawyer.


gentle speech."

He had settled amicably many a disagreement between members of his congregation. He had put down with a strong hand any cheating or untruthful practices which he had discovered among the shopkeepers; and to the bird-stoning, animal-trapping boys of the town he was a terror.

As Dorothy walked on, she wondered whether old Jerry, the peddler, had gone to London after all. It was many months since she had seen him, and it was usual for him to visit Drayton every two or three months. Then she thought of Harold Drayton, and of the solitary old squire in his splendid home which she had passed a little while ago.

A low moan attracted her attention suddenly, and caused her to stand still on the road. She looked round, andof Harold Drayton to an old peddler on the road outside your house here. Of course I shall never see them again, for that is a long while ago now."

Chapter 13

(Last Chapter)

After Many Days

When Dorothy heard those words, she suddenly remembered the papers which Jerry the peddler had so recently left in her charge. Could it be possible that they were the papers Mrs. Drayton had given to the peddler in her drunken folly? Quitting the kitchen, the girl went to her desk in her bedroom and took from it the packet which Jerry had warned her to keep safely.

She had received it from the old man simply to please him, never imagining for an instant that the papers were of any real value; but now, perhaps, they


began Miss Sarah, tearfully.

"No 'buts' to me. I say the boy is to be left here, and I mean it."

She turned away, and was about to quit the parlour when a heavy groan caused her to retrace her steps. She saw her brother lying on the floor in a fainting condition. In terror, she sent Nat for the doctor who lived close at hand.

That night James Crowe lay dead upon his bed. The doctors said it was heart disease, and that some great excitement must have caused such a fatal attack.

In a short time the townsfolk knew all the story which Mrs. Drayton had to relate, and they knew that Harold Drayton had been welcomed home by the old squire, and made heir to Grange Drayton. A newEdition

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9927642-9-6

Paperback ISBN 13: 978-19350791-8-7

### A Daughter of the King

Mrs Philip Barnes

White Tree Publishing Edition

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9957594-8-0

### Stepping Heavenward

Elizabeth Prentiss

White Tree Publishing Edition

eBook ISBN: 978-1-912529-23-0

<><><><>

Return to Table of Contents

Books for Younger Readers

(and older readers too!)

### The Merlin Adventure

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9954549-2-7

Paperback ISBN: 9785-203447-7-5

### The Hijack Adventure

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9954549-6-5

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-5203448-0-5

### The Seventeen Steps Adventure

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9954549-7-2

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-5203448-6-7

### The Two Jays Adventure

The First Two Jays Story

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9954549-8-9

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-5203448-8-1

### The Dark Tunnel Adventure

The Second Two Jays Story

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9957594-0-4

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-5206386-3-8

### The Cliff Edge Adventure

The Third Two Jays Story

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-0-9957594-4-2

Paperback ISBN: 9781-5-211370-3-1

### The Midnight Farm Adventure

The Fourth Two Jays Story

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-1-9997899-1-6

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-5497148-3-2

### The Old House Adventure

The Fifth Two Jays Story

Chris Wright

eBook ISBN: 978-1-912529-07-0

Paperback ISBN: 978-1-912529-06-3

### The Lost


visit Tulane in American Athletic Conference play. The RallyCats chanted “Quad-ri Moore! Quad-ri Moore!” as Moore had his big game, and they also displayed a "Quad Squad” sign.

UC Bearcats football gets past Austin Peay: 5 takeaways

At UC, Moore wore jersey No. 0 and was popular with fans who wanted to see him do well. As it was, Moore usually had to wait his turn while UC continued its run of NCAA Tournament appearances (seven consecutive, entering the 2017-18 season).

Moore averaged 16.3 points and 6.9 rebounds as a senior at Linden High in New Jersey. He was rated a three-star prospect and ranked among the nation's top 150 players by Rivals, Scout and ESPN.

Get the latest UC sports news. Download the Bearcats app on both the Apple App StoreTag Archives: Lavinia Fontana

One of the oldest works in NMWA’s collection, Portrait of a Noblewoman (ca. 1580), was painted by late Renaissance artist Lavinia Fontana (1552–1614, Bologna, Italy). NMWA’s collection holds three of Fontana’s paintings. Considered the first professional woman artist, Fontana worked within the same sphere as her male counterparts, outside a court or convent. She earned a living through her art, broke barriers, and earned a list of superlatives and appellations.

Fontana trained in her father’s studio. Her family, though not noble, moved among a well-educated circle which valued the education of women. Bologna’s university accepted women, and Fontana earned the degree of dottoressa.

In 1577 Fontana married Gian Paolo Zappi—a marriage which proved unique. Fontana was married without a dowry on the assumption that she would earn


paintings and allowing her to collect art and antiques herself.

Best known for her portraits, Fontana also painted historical and religious subjects. Portraiture was deemed an appropriate subject for a woman, but history and religious painting were not. Undeterred, Fontana made more than a dozen altarpieces. More than 100 of her paintings survive, more than any other woman artist from her time. The quality and breadth of her oeuvre becomes all the more impressive when one considers that she gave birth to eleven children, however, only three survived her. Pregnant for nearly a decade of her life, Fontana worked through the physical and emotional strain of motherhood.

A savvy businesswoman, Fontana maintained friendships with many of her sitters. Often naming them as godparents of her numerous children, Fontana guaranteed herselfupper-class patronage. By 1604 Fontana and her family relocated to Rome to paint for the papal office. Her youngest son’s godfather was Cardinal Camillo Borghese, who later became Pope Paul V.

Reportedly charming, Fontana was a sought after portraitist among nobility—particularly noblewomen. Biographer Malvasia stated, “All the ladies of the city would compete in wishing to have her close.” Sitters for Fontana knew to expect a flattering portrayal that highlighted both their beauty and their intelligence, with particular attention to jewelry and fabric.

Visit the museum to see paintings by this Renaissance rebel!

—Chloe Bazlen is the summer 2017 education intern at the National Museum of Women in the Arts.

Ask someone to name five artists and responses will likely include names such as Warhol, Picasso, van Gogh, Monet, da Vinci—all male


artists. Ask someone to name five women artists, and the question poses more of a challenge.

Back by popular demand this March, the National Museum of Women in the Arts continues to ask, “Can you name five women artists?” This simple question calls attention to the inequity women artists face, inspires conversation, and brings awareness to a larger audience. Last year, the campaign struck a chord, and tens of thousands of posts were shared on social media. This year, more than 200 institutions from 50 states, 22 countries, and seven continents have already signed on to participate.

Join us throughout the month to share stories of women artists using the hashtag #5WomenArtists on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.

Renaissance painter Lavinia Fontana (1552–1614) is regarded as the first professional woman artist. For20 years beginning in the 1580s, Fontana was the portraitist of choice among Bolognese noblewomen. Not only was Fontana the breadwinner of her family, she also gave birth to 11 children.

For more than eight decades, Maria Martinez (1887–1980) revived and continued the centuries-old black-on-black pottery traditions of San Ildefonso Pueblo in northern New Mexico. Through her creative vision and skill, Martinez influenced generations of artists.

Entirely self-taught and immensely prolific, Clementine Hunter (ca. 1887–1988) earned critical acclaim for vibrant paintings depicting life in the Cane River region of central Louisiana. Hunter did not start painting until the 1940s, when she was already a grandmother.

Lola Álvarez Bravo (1907–1993) was one of Mexico’s first professional women photographers, documenting daily life and portraying prominent world leaders. Like her friend Frida Kahlo, Álvarez


Bravo celebrated the traditional costumes and customs of her country’s varied regions. She cannily blended nationalist content with the expression of universal human emotions.

Lee Krasner (1908–1984) was one of the first generation of Abstract Expressionist painters. Through six decades devoted to art, she explored innovative approaches to painting and collage. Often overshadowed by her husband, Krasner declared, “I’m always going to be Mrs. Jackson Pollock . . . but I painted before Pollock, during Pollock, after Pollock.”

Want to help advocate for women in the arts? Starting March 1, take the challenge and post about #5WomenArtists on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, and tag us @WomenInTheArts.

—Emily Haight is the digital editorial assistant at the National Museum of Women in the Arts.

This April, some of NMWA’s oldest paintings entertained the museum’splace where the Blessed One was, and having gone there, he fully prostrated at the feet of the Blessed One, and circumambulating the Blessed One three times, he sat down on one side.

Then, the Blessed One gazed at Mahashri, and spoke the following words to the Noble Lord Avalokiteshvara:

“If any fully-ordained monk, fully-ordained nun, novice monk, novice nun, or anyone else should come to know, to keep, to read, to write out, or to have others write out the Twelve Names of Mahashri, then their poverty will be eliminated, and they will become rich. "

Then, all of the gathered assemblies prayed deeply, saying, “May it be so!”

She Who Is Endowed with GloryShe Who Is Enveloped in SplendorPossessor of a Rosary of LotusesSovereign Lady of WealthShe Who Is PureShe


from the death-inducing fats found in butter. So, go ahead and eat that toast with butter.

Today, a show about butter.

GUESTS:

Elaine Khosrova - Author of Butter: A Rich History, a former pastry student at Culinary Institute of America and a former test kitchen editor at Country Living magazine

Doug Moe - Wisconsin-based author and journalist who has written for newspapers and magazines for almost 40 years

Adeline Druart - President of Vermont Creamery. Adeline brings her knowledge of butter-making to Vermont from her home country of FranceBakery owners Daniel and Amy McArthur arrive at the Supreme Court in London today

The Christian owners of a bakery today won an appeal at Britain's highest court over a finding that they discriminated against a customer by refusing to make a £36.50 'Support Gay Marriage' cake.

Five Supreme Court justices allowed a challenge by the McArthur family in a unanimous ruling in London today in what is known as the 'gay cake case'.

The legal action was originally brought against the Ashers bakery in Belfast by gay rights activist Gareth Lee, who won his case in the county court and then at the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.

The legal battle has now lasted four-and-a-half years, costing around £500,000.

The Equality Commission of Northern Ireland has spent £251,000 of public money on


this case, while the £250,000 of costs for the bakers has been paid by a charity called The Christian Institute.

Announcing the decision in favour of the family-run bakery, the court's president Lady Hale said: 'This conclusion is not in any way to diminish the need to protect gay people and people who support gay marriage from discrimination.

The Belfast bakers refused to make a cake decorated with the words 'Support Gay Marriage'

'It is deeply humiliating, and an affront to human dignity, to deny someone a service because of that person's race, gender, disability, sexual orientation, religion or belief. But that is not what happened in this case.'

She went on: 'As to Mr Lee's claim based on sexual discrimination, the bakers did not refuse to fulfil his order because ofthe implications for myself and other gay people, but for every single one of us.'

Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK or Ireland where same-sex marriage is outlawed, with Prime Minister Theresa May's DUP allies staunch opponents of changing the law.

Following the ruling, DUP leader Arlene Foster said the judgment was 'historic and seminal', adding: 'This has been a long journey for everyone involved in the case.

'I commend Amy & Daniel McArthur for their grace and perseverance. This now provides clarity for people of all faiths and none.'

And DUP MP Ian Paisley tweeted: 'Legal bill £360,000 for a £30 cake. Forced by the pathetic Equality Commission. They should be sacked!'

He later added: 'Simple message is. There was no discrimination on the LGBT! A person has the


it goes against their beliefs. Mr Lee later gets another bakery to make the cake June 26, 2014 : The Equality Commission sends the bakers a letter, claiming they had acted unlawfully

: The Equality Commission sends the bakers a letter, claiming they had acted unlawfully October 27, 2014 : The Commission tells the the McArthurs they also breached political and religious discrimination laws

: The Commission tells the the McArthurs they also breached political and religious discrimination laws November 7, 2014 : Legal action against the bakers is begun

: Legal action against the bakers is begun March 26, 27 and 30, 2015 : Case is heard at Laganside Courts in Belfast

: Case is heard at Laganside Courts in Belfast May 19, 2015 : Court rules the bakery breached politicalsome aspects are specific to Northern Ireland, the Supreme Court have now set a precedent, providing a helpful guide of vital importance to future cases of this nature'

The 'gay cake' case gives us an important clarification of 'direct discrimination', legal expert DAVID SHEPPARD says

By DAVID SHEPPARD, associate and lawyer at Capital Law, for MailOnline

The UK Supreme Court has today released its judgment regarding the widely-reported 'gay cake' case.

In 2014, a gay man and activist, Gareth Lee, made an order to Ashers Bakery in Belfast for a cake to have a message 'Support Gay Marriage' in icing, together with an image of Sesame Street's Bert and Ernie.

The bakery refused to fulfil Mr Lee's order, explaining that they were a Christian business and could not print the message, and a


full refund was given.

Mr Lee brought proceedings against Ashers for direct discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, and the Belfast County Court awarded £500 as damages.

This decision was upheld by the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.

Ashers appealed, and the Supreme Court has ruled that the bakery did not commit direct discrimination against Mr Lee.

In an important clarification of the concept of 'direct discrimination', it must be shown that an individual has been treated less favourably because of a protected characteristic, which in this case was Mr Lee's sexual orientation.

In this case, no evidence was shown that Mr Lee was treated less favourably because he was gay, and Ashers objected only to the message being requested.

Had Mr Lee not been gay but requested the same message, Ashers wouldTrump, first lady pull out of Kennedy Center Honors ceremony to avoid 'distraction' for honorees

Doug Stanglin | USA TODAY

Show Caption Hide Caption Trumps to skip Kennedy Center Honors amid boycotts President Trump and first lady Melania Trump will not participate in this year's annual Kennedy Center Honors ceremony to avoid any "political distraction" for the recipients of the prestigious award.

The White House, already facing a growing boycott by several honorees, announced Saturday that President Trump and first lady Melania Trump will not participate in this year's annual Kennedy Center Honors ceremony to avoid any "political distraction" for the recipients of the prestigious award.

The 40-year-old arts and humanities award, presented every December in a ceremony at the Kennedy Center, recognizes honorees for their lifetime contributions in the arts and


the administration has graciously signaled its respect for the Kennedy Center and ensures the Honors gala remains a deservingly special moment for the honorees. We are grateful for this gesture” they said in a joint statement.

Two honorees for this year, TV writer and producer Norman Lear and dancer and choreographer Carmen de Lavallade, had already announced plans to boycott a White House reception that normally takes place the night before the awards ceremony.

Lear, 95-year-old creator of such iconic TV programs as All in the Family, has been an outspoken critic of Trump, particularly the administration's policies toward the arts.

Lear told Variety earlier this month that he planned to boycott the White House reception to protest such policies as the administration's budget proposal that calls for the elimination ofthe National Endowment for the Arts and its sister agency, the National Endowment for the Humanities. He said he would be willing to reconsider his decision to stay away if Trump's changed his position on the arts and humanities.

De Lavallade,one of the first African-American dancers at the Metropolitan Opera, she said in a statement, that she was declining to attend the reception "(in) light of the socially divisive and morally caustic narrative that our current leadership is choosing to engage in, and in keeping with the principles that I and so many others have fought for..."

Singer Lionel Richie said on NBC's Today this week that he would "play it by ear" whether to participate in this year's program.

Also being honored this year at the honors ceremony on Dec.


3 is singer Gloria Estefan and rapper LL Cool J. Estefan had said she planned to attend the White House reception in hopes of influencing Trump's views on immigration.

Presidents rarely miss the annual gala. President Carter did not attend in 1979 ceremony during the Iranian hostage crisis, President George H.W. Bush was out of the country for a summit in Malta with Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev in 1989.

Bill Clinton was a no-show in 1994 because of a trip to Budapest for a CSCE meeting and President Barack Obama showed up late in 2015 after delivering an address to the nation on the threat of terrorism.

The recipients of the annual award are selected by the executive committee of the Kennedy Center's board of trustees and based on recommendations fromthe public, a special advisory board and past honorees.

The announcement of the Trumps' withdrawal from this year's activities came one day after the remaining 16 members of the President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities resigned in protest over the president's handling of the Charlottesville clashes.

More: Presidential arts committee members resign

The first lady served as honorary chairwoman of the commission, which was created in 1982 by President Reagan to help advise the White House on issues around arts and humanities.

Actor Kal Penn, who had worked in the Obama White House, announced the resignations on Twitter on Friday. The 16 had initially agreed to stay on the commission until Trump named their replacements, The Washington Post reported.

More: Kennedy Center Honors tap their first rapper: LL Cool J


604 F.Supp. 271 (1984)
James J. LICHTENFELS, Plaintiff,
v.
Verne ORR and The United States of America, Defendants.
No. C-3-81-397.
United States District Court, S.D. Ohio, W.D.
December 14, 1984.
*272 Mark E. Kerns, Springfield, Ohio, for plaintiff.
Gerald Kaminski, Asst. U.S. Atty., Dayton, Ohio, for defendants.
DECISION AND ENTRY DENYING DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS OR, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, TO TRANSFER
RICE, District Judge.
Plaintiff is before this Court seeking redress for his allegedly unlawful separation from the United States Air Force. When Plaintiff resigned from the Air Force on April 4, 1961, "for the good of the service," he was a Major with 15 years of active *273 duty and a Lieutenant Colonel in the inactive reserve with almost 20 years of service. Plaintiff's separation from the service became effective on May 2, 1961.
This is not Plaintiff's firstdid not couple his claim for injunctive relief and correction of records with one for back pay. Agreeing with the district court that the "primary relief" sought by the plaintiff was nonmonetary despite the future monetary benefits which would accrue to plaintiff upon a return to the service, the Ninth Circuit ruled that the claim was permissibly entertained by the lower court under the Tucker Act. Id. at 799.
Plaintiff herein has waived his entitlement to any benefits which would be deemed due and owing to him in the event of a judgment in his favor. Nor can this Court discern his immediate entitlement to new benefits upon a re-adjudication of his status, unlike the claimant in Powell. At least 20 years of active service are required before a


the Court that Defendants will not be unduly hampered in their preparations. Had the Air Force's own administrative arm, the AFBCMR, felt that it was unable to adjudicate the merits of Plaintiff's case on the basis of evidence surviving in its files, surely it would not have exercised its discretion and accepted Plaintiff's application for correction. Not only did the AFBCMR proceed to hear Plaintiff's appeal, however, but it felt competent to resolve the matter without the need for a hearing. Moreover, in the case pending before this Court, Defendants have the possibility of retrieving, in effect, some of the evidence deleted from their files in January, 1977. Plaintiff has offered to make available to Defendants the extract of his records, "as prepared by our examiners for theMonday, January 17, 2011

The Social Network was one of the big winners at the 68th Annual Golden Globe Awards on Sunday night, taking home four trophies, including those for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Screenplay. Presented by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, the Globes is often viewed as a predictor for the Academy Awards.

The film, which was nominated for six awards, has had a stellar award season, with director David Fincher, screenwriter Aaron Sorkin and lead actor Jesse Eisenberg all being recognized by various organizations, guilds and critics groups. Not bad for a movie most of us wrote-off as a joke back in 2008, eh?

Here is the rundown of nominations/wins that The Social Network received at the Golden Globes:

Best Supporting Actor: Andrew Garfield — Lost (Christian Bale


won for The Fighter)

Best Score: Trent Reznor — Won

Best Screenplay: Aaron Sorkin — Won

Best Actor, Drama: Jesse Eisenberg — Lost (Colin Firth won for The King’s Speech)

Best Director: David Fincher — Won

Best Picture, Drama — Won

For those keeping track, nominations for the Academy Awards will be announced on January 25.

Mark Zuckerberg might take issue with how the film portrayed the early years of Facebook, but in truth, the film and its critical and commercial success has only reinforced Facebook’s place in the cultural zeitgeist.Labels

Observing the Lenten Season Pinoy Way

Philippines is a predominantly Catholic country, as such, the observance of Holy Week or Mahal na Araw is an important religious event. Here are some of the practices of Filipinos during the Lenten Season.

Ash Wednesday – it marks the first day of Lent which begins 40 days prior to Easter. Masses are held and the priest marks the forehead of the faithful with black ashes in the sign of the cross, while saying “Remember that thou art dust, and to dust thou shalt return”

Fasting and Abstinence – these disciplines are observed by the Catholic Church during Lenten season as a form of penance for one’s sins. Fasting means eating one full meal in a day, while Abstinence is to refrain from eating meat.


passion and death which continues day and night starting on Holy Monday and usually lasts for three consecutive days.

Visita Iglesia – this tradition is observed by Catholics by visiting 7 churches on Maundy Thursday and recites the Stations of the Cross.

Via Crucis or Way of the Cross– is a devotion consisting of prayers and meditations before each fourteen stations with images commemorating the events of the passion of Jesus.

Senakulo or Passion Plays – is a dramatic presentation depicting the passion of Jesus using old script from the Bible and folk tradition that was later set down in poetic form. The Senakulo is performed in different venues, on the traditional stage, inside the church or even in the streets.

Siete Palabras or The Seven Last Words– the seven last phrasesuttered by Jesus on the cross before His death are reflected and contemplated from mid day until 3 pm. After which the celebration of the Lord’s passion is celebrated, it consists of three parts: the Liturgy of the Word, the Veneration of the Cross and the Holy Communion.

Flagellation or Penitensya – is an extreme act of mortification in which the penitent first cut their back with a blade then begins whipping their backs with bamboo tipped burillos as the blood flow out of their wounds. The practice of flagellation is being discouraged by the Church and urged Catholics to focus on prayers, meditation and good works instead.

Crucifixion as a devotional practice – this annual ritual draws thousands of spectators to San Fernando Pampanga to see penitents voluntarily nailed


on the cross to imitate the suffering of Christ and for the atonement of their sins.

Good Friday Procession or Santo Entierro – is commemorated with solemn street procession of an image of a dead Christ on a carriage, followed by the images of Salome, Mary of James, Mary Cleophas, Mary Magdalene, John the Evangelist and Mater Dolorosa.

Salubong – is an Easter Sunday pre-dawn ritual that re-enacts the Risen Christ meeting with His Mother. It is performed in the churchyard under a specially prepared arch where an angel from a high platform lift the mourning veil of the grieving Mother. The church bells are rung and there is a procession of the images of Christ and His mother that ends up inside the church. This is followed by aleague. Ralph Hay, owner of the Canton Bulldogs and the successful Ralph E Hay Motor Company had a bigger idea, a national league. He invited owners of 10 teams from 4 states to meet with him at his dealership, they were told to bring $100 each to cover legal expenses to form the league. The meeting took place September 17, 1920 among Jordan Hupmobiles and Pierce Arrows. The men were unable to cover the $100 price tag, fortunately automobiles had made Hay a wealthy man, he wrote a check for $1,000 and the American Professional Football Association (in 1922 the name was changed to NFL) was formed. Hmm, automobiles paid for the birth of the NFL.

The PFHOF opened in 1963, the building has a distinctly Mid Century Modern


the Lions, remember Lem Barney, Dick “Night Train” Lane, Bobby Layne, Curly Culp?

The movie in the Super Bowl Theater has already started so we move right into the Lamar Hunt Super Bowl Gallery. This section recaps every Super Bowl played to date, it’s also the most crowded section in the museum. The first Super Bowl was held in January 1967, the Packers triumphed over the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10. The Packers went on to win Super Bowl II, this time they beat the Oakland Raiders 33-14. Joe Namath guaranteed a Jets win in Super Bowl III, they beat the Colts 16-7 and became the first AFL team to win the coveted Vince Lombardi Trophy. Display cases are filled rare artifacts such as tickets, hand-written letters, magazine covers, uniforms,It's a good time to be a Batman fan. With Scott Snyder's flagship book and Grant Morrison's concept-stretching Batman Incorporated, did you think the world really needed another place for excellent Bruce Wayne stories?

Well, that's where John Layman comes in, with Detective Comics.

In certain ways, Detective is the villain-centric book of the Batman group, particularly as Layman focuses on the shotgun wedding between the plant-controlling Poison Ivy and the mud behemoth Clayface. Ironically, this book is also the one with the most heart. Layman's Batman is analytical yet fallible, and his Clayface has real human stakes underneath all that muck. It reminds me a lot of the Bruce Timm/Paul Dini Batman: The Animated Series, with its character-infused, done-in-one chapters that leave you wanting more. It's not revolutionary like


Morrison or badass like Snyder — it's just simple, solid superhero storytelling.

And that tone, that directive fits the artwork, as well. Jason Fabok's tutelage under David Finch is quite apparent here, with his bulky physiques and widescreen compositions, but unlike his mentor, he also has a cleanness of line that comes from his work at Aspen. It's not the kind of design work that will wow you for its innovation, but it's simple and strong, playing to the stuff we already know we like — Batman looks tough as hell when he crouches in a fighting stance at the beginning of the book, and a splash page featuring his secret weapon against Clayface practically screams toyetic opportunity.

If this comic has any flaws, it's mainly about scale, and that'swith Detective Comics as each issue keeps unfolding. Yeah, there are plenty of good Batman stories elsewhere, but Layman and Fabok do a great job arguing for one more. Smart plotting, strong characterization and a couple striking moments in the script make this book well worth adding to your pull list.

Hawkeye #5

Written by Matt Fraction

Art by Javier Pulido and Matt Hollingsworth

Lettering by Chris Eliopoulos

Published by Marvel Comics

Review by David Pepose

'Rama Rating: 9 out of 10

Who'd have thought some yahoo with a bow and arrow could also be Marvel's most likeable superhero?

That's Clint Barton in a nutshell. The world's greatest marksman is also a world-class screw-up, trusting on dumb luck and his own formidable fighting skills to get him out of the frying pan, out of the fire, and


there's all manner of nameless monstrosities vying for his blood. Not only that, but Hellboy has sent many people to Hell over the years, and now they want to pay him back for the favor. On top of everything else, there is a throne waiting for Hellboy in Pandemonium, the capital city of Hell.

This new Hellboy miniseries is particularly remarkable, in that it's an increasingly rare instance of Mike Mignola writing and drawing an extended story starring his famous creation. This first issue starts off things off quite gently, easing readers back into the story by refamiliarizing them with the conclusion of The Fury, before going on to treat us to some classic Hellboy fight scenes, while introducing new characters and laying plot threads to be explored inbut a plane crash and the discovery she has the power to teleport has her going from small time jobs, to bigger schemes once an old enemy finds out. It's an interesting concept, sort of in the vein of The Tomorrow People and Misfits.

Writer Kel Symons has a Hollywood background and in his first foray into comics here is not bad at all. While Symons has mentioned that the concept began with a bigger scope, the concentration on a single character here is a good start. Felicia is strong, willful, cunning, and to say the very least, ambitious. She hasn't led the most saintly of lives, but it seems she's done it for both survival and for the thrill. The dialog is hip and refreshing, especially coming from


Felicia herself. The rest sort of plays out with mob boss clichés and typical villain rhetoric. Symons sets up the rest of the story with a mysterious blind man, who has apparently been keeping tabs on Felicia and we're left to guess what.

Now let's talk about the art here. Seriously. Man. Mark Robinson has had a few Marvel issues here and there and if you know anything about him it's that there is nothing out there like what he's doing. The comic pages with Robinson's eye had a kinetic feel that's part Eric Canete, part Robbi Rodriguez, but definitely all Robinson. It has an animated feel that moves the story along marvelously. A specific scene could be where Felicia robs an art gallery and the way Robinson hasLuther Strode #1

Written by Justin Jordan

Art by Tradd Moore and Felipe Sobreiro

Lettering by Fonografiks

Published by Image Comics

Review by Lan Pitts

'Rama Rating: 8 out of 10

Luther Strode is back and he is pissed off.

Following the events of this year's Strange Talent of Luther Strode, creators Justin Jordan and Tradd Moore head back to this world of blood and mayhem and advance the story of Luther without being too redundant. Luther isn't the same kid we last saw and five years will change just about anybody. While Jordan doesn't digress too much into where he's been just yet, he still gives Luther a powerful shadow.

Story-wise, it's cool to see the "what happened next" approach here since Strange Talent left off on quite the cliffhanger with our protagonist seemingly returning from