and Latinx cultural production. For many, Harlem holds the nostalgia of an era long gone, one colored by the writings of Baldwin, the riffs of Ellington, and the swag of Baker. For others, Harlem has come to embody a contemporaneity that is built atop yet distinct from its complex history. With the launch of their second exhibition Harlem Perspectives, FACTION Art Projects—a Bristol-based arts collective who recently opened Gallery 8 in the historic Strivers’ Row district of Harlem—chimed in as a new, local voice invested in reinforcing the perception of Harlem as a hotbed for social innovation and cultural entrepreneurship.

The exhibition brings together ten multidisciplinary artists who live and work above 110th street, positioning them as local talent. Despite sharing the geographical context of Harlem, “Jamaica-born Renee Cox,Colombian-American artist Lina Puerta, French painter Elizabeth Colomba, Dominican Republic-born Pepe Coronado, Chilean American artist Virginia Inés Vergara, Moscow-born Leeza Meksin, Guatemalan photographer Jaime Permuth, African American artist Stan Squirewell, and New York born Elaine Reichek and David Shrobe,”1 challenge viewers to confront their own stance and subjectivity in relation to global issues and identities.

I was first struck by the exhibition’s context—an international group of primarily POC artists grouped by British gallerists seeking to engage “an interesting and eclectic group of people,” in the very birthplace of gentrification in Harlem. For this reason, instead of tracing and deliberating upon the historically fine line between cultural celebration, fetishization, and commercialization, I chose to focus my observations on how these prolific artists decolonize the art historical gaze by interrupting traditional


readings and viewing paradigms in their works.

David Shrobe carries the spirit of the exhibition dutifully, as a local artist whose highly-accessible works are constructed in-part from found objects sourced within a few block radius of Gallery 8. In an interview with Black Art In America, Shrobe discusses the rich history of materials, and poetically defines abstraction as a process wherein the artist invites materials to tell their own story.3 In so doing, Shrobe frees our collective imagination from the trappings of social object memory, uplifting the quotidian and inviting viewers with differing levels of art literacy to see themselves and their neighborhood reflected in his works.

Stan Squirewell similarly refigures inherited materials, turning to the relics of ancient civilizations to address lingering existential questions that continue to confound usElizabeth Colomba are also concerned with ownership and cultural property, and use photography and painting respectively to test the artworld’s readiness to confront its own privilege and power. Both artists foreground black figures in positions of power within scenes of leisure and decadence, privileges once reserved for upper class whites. In The Signing (2017), Cox stands amidst a sea of fancifully dressed people of color as they bear witness to the signing of a declaration. In Chevalier de St. Georges (2018), Colomba destabilizes the art historical gaze through a complex matrix of unrequited glances—the mirrored reflection of a woman holding an apple looks longingly upon a dapper man, who gazes upon a portrait, whose subject stares straight into the eyes of viewer.

For many in Harlem Perspectives, making art


of the original manuscript were entrusted by the writer's estate—expertly matches Baldwin's prophetic lyricism with his own highly innovative approach. He juxtaposes images of today's political movements with Baldwin's manifestos and archival clips from the civil rights era, employing film's ability to collapse time and space to challenge the truth of American progress.

Riffing wholly off the tone and tenor of the manuscript, I Am Not Your Negrointimately recalls the fates of three assassinated civil rights leaders: Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. For Baldwin, this novel was to be immensely personal, as he set out to expound his own life through revering his fallen friends, all essential allies during the '50s and '60s. The film buoys this intimacy throughout, harnessing the powerful voice of Baldwinrelation to the ailing democracy that Evers, X, and King gave their lives to defend.

Despite the film's reliance on borrowed words and remixed source materials, Peck puts forth a dynamic assemblage that makes use of the cinema poetics that have become his trademark. At times hard to watch—yet impossible to overlook—images from the civil rights movement are presented in color, rather than the black and white of history books, complicating the nostalgia they evoke. And he goes a step further by inserting them into our contemporary media dialogue. Baldwin's futurist passages teleport us to current social injustices, underscoring the timelessness and growing importance of his reflections. Indeed, what's most stirring is that—despite the almost half-century separating Baldwin's lectures from the police shootings in Ferguson, Charlotte, and Orlando (to


give us a document, a verifiable record of note, that implodes the fallacy that "Give me liberty, or give me death!" is a freedom afforded all Americans.

This spring, The Studio Museum in Harlem was proud to partner with the Barnard Center for Research on Women (BCRW) for the Harlem Semester, a bold public humanities initiative fostering dynamic exchange between Barnard and Columbia students, and the local community. Siting faculty instruction within some of Harlem’s most celebrated cultural organizations, the coursework deeply engaged the host institutions, and provided students with site-specific curricula and access to key staff, archives and resources. Tracing the genesis of the venture, Tina Campt—BCRW Director, Chair of Africana Studies and faculty coordinator of the Harlem Semester—recalls, “We are proximate to Harlem, and Harlem is one2004–05 artist in residence and Studio Lab participant—reflected on the cosmic shift Freestyle set into motion recalling, “I saw Freestyle when I was in graduate school at MICA [Maryland Institute College of Art] and it had a huge impact on me. Seeing that exhibition put some momentum behind my general desire to move to New York after graduation, and gave me something real to focus on outside of a vague notion of what it meant to enter the art world. With Freestyle came the sense of breaking down barriers, of movement, and the freedom to pull from as many different influences as I liked. I feel like Studio Lab resonates with an experience like that and, by design, creates new possibility—a space rich with conversation and dialogue, much


like Freestyle did.” In addition to Robinson, six alumni of the Artist-in-Residence program participated in Studio Lab with their distinct voices, as they reflected on their own formative Museum moments. Representing a seventeen-year span of the Artist-in-Residence program, Elia Alba (1998–99), Sanford Biggers (1999–2000), Saya Woolfalk (2007–08), Valerie Piraino (2009–10), Lauren Kelley (2009–10), Sadie Barnette (20014–15), EJ Hill (2015–16) and Jordan Casteel (2015–16) narrated the collective history of the Museum through their deeply personal experiences with it.

It was the profound candor of the Studio Lab platform that resonated most with Yadira Capaz, a junior at Barnard majoring in urban studies with an interest in how the arts make cities thrive. “Having this deeper engagement with administrators and the community of resident artists made me realize how vitally impactfulradio, this partnership amplifies the distinct voices of our resident artists, connects them to alumni of the program and broadcasts discussions of their work to a broader public. WNYC 93.9 FM and 820 AM are New York’s flagship public radio stations, and deliver a diverse suite of award-winning local and international programming to audiences worldwide.

Eaah year, this partnership kicks off with an artist talk at The Greene Space featuring the current artists in residence in conversation with the alumni of the program who have inspired them most. Moderated by a host from WNYC radio, the live conversation unearths shared connections to Harlem as a site of inspiration and experimentation, and provides unique insight into the Museum’s nearly fifty-year history through the personal accounts of those who comprise its


lifeblood. For the inaugural radio program last year, 2014–15 artists in residence Sadie Barnette, Lauren Halsey and Eric Mack were joined by alumni Xenobia Bailey (1998–99), Sanford Biggers (1999–2000) and Leslie Hewitt (2007–08) to discuss the role of the residency, the Museum and the city in their evolution as artists.

This summer, 2015–16 artists in residence Jordan Casteel, EJ Hill and Jibade-Khalil Huffman will celebrate the launch of their Museum exhibition Tenses by concurrently activating The Greene Space through a satellite installation and related public programming. Held on July 26, the program will feature the artists in conversation with program alumni Kevin Beasley, Kerry James Marshall and Dave McKenzie. It will also debut new day-in-the-life videos, shot on location in the Museum studios. Produced by WNYC, the videos furtherof materials, experimenting with their capacity to respond to the surrounding environment. From her iconic use of prismatic, glass microspheres, to her ongoing explorations of organic materials, Corse roots her practice in the belief that the essence of painting is not specific to paint itself.

Corse emerged in the 1960s alongside the West coast, minimalist aesthetic known as Light and Sound. While she resists singular classification within this movement, she clearly relishes in the conceptual space its minimalism affords. Through a bold erasure of excess, Corse draws attention to both the psychology and corporeality of perception. It is her keen attention to the minutiae—right down to her use of beveled canvases that minimize her work’s protrusion from the wall—that makes the dimensionality of her paintings even more robust.

I was


of Contemporary Art San Diego (2011). Her works are in the permanent collections of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; Fondation Beyeler, Basel; Frederick R. Weisman Art Foundation Collection, Los Angeles; Getty Museum, Los Angeles; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego; Orange County Museum of Art at Newport Beach; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, and other institutions public and private. The artist lives and works in Los Angeles, California.

Equal parts addict, biographer, humanist and savant, Antoine d’Agata is a resilient artist who resists falling hostage to any one medium through an evolving practice that dilutes the distinction between living and making. His emotive body of work spans over a quarter-century and actively uproots firm classification within the art historical cannon.the pain until the very last minute, refusing wrong ways of escape, inglorious aesthesis, lame defeat of the soul through ideology and religion, shameful comfort of the senses, or the hypnotic efficiency of the spectacle. It’s all about reinventing one’s own destiny every day, beyond reason…

---

Born in Marseilles, Antoine d'Agata left France in 1983 and remained overseas for the next ten years. Finding himself in New York in 1990, he pursued an interest in photography by taking courses at the International Center of Photography, where his teachers included Larry Clark and Nan Goldin. During his time in New York, in 1991-92, D'Agata worked as an intern in the editorial department of Magnum, but despite his experiences and training in the US, after his return to France in 1993


he took a four-year break from photography. His first books of photographs, De Mala Muerte and Mala Noche, were published in 1998, and the following year Galerie Vu began distributing his work. In 2001 he published Hometown, and won the Niépce Prize for young photographers. He continued to publish regularly: Vortex and Insomnia appeared in 2003, accompanying his exhibition 1001 Nuits, which opened in Paris in September; Stigma was published in 2004, and Manifeste in 2005. In 2004 D'Agata joined Magnum Photos and in the same year, shot his first short film, Le Ventre du Monde (The World's Belly); this experiment led to his long feature film Aka Ana, shot in 2006 in Tokyo. Since 2005 Antoine d'Agata has had no settled place of residence but has workedGoldman Sachs estimates that almost one million foreign H-1B contract workers are now employed in college-level jobs throughout the United States, even though many media outlets routinely say the federal government approves only 85,000 H-1B visas per year.

Goldman’s February estimate of the huge H-1B population also ignores multiple other visa programs which invite foreign graduates to work in the United States. These other temporary work visas are used to employ an additional 470,000 foreign college graduates in the United States, according to a study released on March 7 by the left-of-center Economic Policy Institute.

The EPI study, titled “Temporary foreign workers by the numbers,” says U.S. companies employ roughly 470,000 foreign professionals via the little-known O, L, J, OPT, and TN visas.

The EPI study estimates that the H-1B population


in science, technology, engineering and math — commonly referred to as STEM — are not employed in STEM occupations … According to new statistics from the 2012 American Community Survey, engineering and computer, math and statistics majors had the largest share of graduates going into a STEM field with about half employed in a STEM occupation. Science majors had fewer of their graduates employed in STEM.

Roughly 660,000 foreign H-1B workers are employed throughout the U.S. software business, says the Goldman report. Many are employed in writing software, but many foreigners are hired as cheap managers, business experts, financial analysts, and salesmen by American and foreign-owned companies. An additional 340,000 H-1B contract workers are employed throughout the nation as doctors, therapists and pharmacists, professors, engineers and financial planners, managersand designers, soccer coaches and economics teachers, government scientists and university lab technicians, architects, lawyers and even journalists, according to job descriptions found at MyVisaJobs.com.

Amid this widespread use of white-collar contract workers, the salaries of young American professionals have stalled since the real-estate bubble imploded. In the last five years, they’ve grown by roughly one percent a year—after deducting inflation—according to a January 2017 report titled “National Compensation Forecast,” by the Economic Research Institute.

During the same five-year period, slow-growing salaries, increased company profits, and sales have pushed the Dow Jones Index of stocks up by 60 percent.

If the contract-worker programs were sharply reduced, Americans companies would be forced to compete for the limited pool of Americans by offering higher salaries. The resulting “tight labor market” for Americans graduates


workers in the United States. For example, the EPI study says the J visa delivers roughly 56,000 professionals, the Optional Practical Training program employs almost 140,000 graduates, the free-trade visas supply another 50,000 professionals, and the L visas allow 350,000 blue-collar or white-collar foreign company employees to work in the United States.

The Goldman report also shows—but does not count—the annual inflow of white-collar workers via the L, B and O visa programs. The 2015 inflow of these contract workers is 180,000, said the report. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests these visa programs are used by a resident population of 200,000 white-collar, guest-workers residing in the United States.

But the Goldman report also does not mention the J visas or the Optional Practical Training visas, which together deliver almost 200,000 foreignin the United States longer than six years by getting one-year or three-year H-1B renewals as they wait to get green cards.

In contrast, the EPI report reduces its estimate of the resident H-1B population by concluding that 140,000 H-1B visa workers quickly got permanent green cards in 2011, 2012 and 2013, so reducing the number of contract workers in the H-1B program.

Both reports acknowledge that many contract workers get green cards and remain in the United States. But neither report counts the number of former contract workers who have won green cards, and who are free to compete against American graduates for jobs.

That number is difficult to count because the federal government distributes 140,000 green cards to company employees each year, but those cards must be shared with


of the Whites that they could find.
OFFICER: You are ordered to disperse.
If you do not, you will be arrested.
[people screaming]
REPORTER: Let's go ahead.
Can you tell me what happened tonight?
DOCTOR: He received multiple lacerations and a possible concussion,
I understand by a billy club.
REPORTER: Who hit you?
WOMAN: State trooper is all I know.
They just started pushing and beating on us.
JAMES OAKES: Jimmie was a hard worker, mild-mannered,
and he would give you the shirt off his back.
He wasn't a violent person.
And the night that he was shot,
he was protecting his mother and his grandfather.
They was being beaten,
and he was trying to protect them.
GWEN PATTON: Several people began to really talk
that we need to take a coffin
of Jimmie Lee Jackson to the state capitol,
not only to protest the murder
but to petition forway up and my mechanic replaced the stock fork fluid with 30W when he fixed a leaky fork seal.

Back on the road I stop at a cafe in St. Clair, MO for an early lunch. A bunch of us left St. Clair earlier in the year and rode to the famous swinging bridges of central Missouri constucted by Joseph Dice. I wimped out and never saw the bridges, so I decide that today will be the day. Leaving St. Clair I find old Springfield Rd. and putter along first on pavement and then on dirt and gravel as the road parallels the Frisco railroad through little towns. The KE100 works very well on loose gravel as it kind of drifts about but with a very controllable feel. I


Monday, August 27, 2012

Steven J. Smith-Underground Infrastructure.

For many years there have been reports and rumors of a vast network of underground complexes and tunnels beneath the North American continent. Starting in the late 1980s, the American government has tried to deflect these rumors through a campaign of misdirection and misinformation. Disclosure of the Greenbrier Congressional Shelter at White Sulphur Springs is a good example of this campaign. To believe the existence of the Greenbrier complex was revealed against the wishes of the American government is the height of naiveté. This revelation was allowed to take place. The Greenbrier underground complex was no longer useful, so it was sacrificed to divert attention away from a much larger secret. In other words, a classic misdirection ploy.

While I do not havejobs, the American standard of living is less than 1950 when the husband worked, and the wife stayed home. In 1950, most government buildings were somewhat dilapidated, having a "well used" look about them, while most American homes were modern and well cared for. Today the cities are full of shinny new government office buildings, and many American homes look dilapidated and in need of repair. Government budgets and deficits continue their upward spiral, while the American family is learning how to "make do" with less. Consumer prices continue to rise and wages continue to fall, as the American dream fades, replaced with the nightmarish specter of advancing middleclass poverty. Inexorably, despite every effort to reverse the trend, American wealth has been systematically striped from the people, and


grounded out short to first. None on with two outs and Ramon Hernandez due up.- Ramon Hernandez grounded out second to first to end the inning.

San Diego Top 3rd- Logan Forsythe was hit-by-pitch. Runner on first with none out and Chase Headley due up.- Logan Forsythe stole second. Runner on second with none out and Chase Headley at the plate.- Chase Headley singled to left scored Logan Forsythe. Runner on first with none out and Carlos Quentin due up.- Carlos Quentin singled to center. On the play, Chase Headley advances to second. Runners on first and second with none out and Yasmani Grandal due up.- Yasmani Grandal grounded into a double play, short to first Carlos Quentin out at second Chase Headley advances to third. Runner on thirdwith two outs and Jesus Guzman due up.- Jesus Guzman popped out to short to end the inning.

Colorado Bottom 3rd- Jonathan Herrera walked. Runner on first with none out and Jeff Francis due up.- Jeff Francis sacrifice bunt to first. On the play, Jonathan Herrera advances to second. Runner on second with one out and Dexter Fowler due up.- Dexter Fowler singled to center scored Jonathan Herrera. Runner on first with one out and Josh Rutledge due up.- Josh Rutledge grounded into a fielder`s choice, second to short. On the play, Dexter Fowler out at second. Runner on first with two outs and Carlos Gonzalez due up.- Carlos Gonzalez doubled to left. On the play, Josh Rutledge advances to third. Runners on second and third with two outs


left. On the play, Cameron Maybin advances to third. Runners on second and third with none out and Casey Kelly due up.- Casey Kelly struck out swinging. Runners on second and third with one out and Chris Denorfia due up.- Chris Denorfia singled to left scored Cameron Maybin. On the play, Alexi Amarista advances to third. Runners on second and third with one out and Logan Forsythe due up.- Logan Forsythe struck out swinging. Runners on second and third with two outs and Chase Headley due up.- Chase Headley singled to left center scored Alexi Amarista and Chris Denorfia. Runner on second with two outs and Carlos Quentin due up.- Adam Ottavino enters the game for the Rockies in relief for pitcher Jeff Francis with a runner onfirst and two outs.- Chase Headley stole second. Runner on second with two outs and Carlos Quentin at the plate.- Carlos Quentin struck out swinging to end the inning.

Colorado Bottom 4th- Dexter Fowler flied out to left. None on with one out and Josh Rutledge due up.- Josh Rutledge struck out swinging. None on with two outs and Carlos Gonzalez due up.- Carlos Gonzalez grounded out short to first to end the inning.

San Diego Top 5th- Yasmani Grandal grounded out short to first. None on with one out and Jesus Guzman due up.- Jesus Guzman singled to left. Runner on first with one out and Cameron Maybin due up.- Cameron Maybin grounded into a fielder`s choice, short to second. On the play, Jesus Guzman out at second. Runner


outs and Chase Headley due up.- Chase Headley singled to left scored Logan Forsythe. Runner on first with two outs and Carlos Quentin due up.- Carlos Quentin flied out to right to end the inning.

Colorado Bottom 6th- Ramon Hernandez singled to center. Runner on first with none out and Jonathan Herrera due up.- Jonathan Herrera grounded into a fielder`s choice, pitcher to short. On the play, Ramon Hernandez out at second. Runner on first with one out and Adam Ottavino due up.- Adam Ottavino struck out on a foul bunt.. Runner on first with two outs and Dexter Fowler due up.- Dexter Fowler singled to center. On the play, Jonathan Herrera advances to third. Runners on first and third with two outs and Josh Rutledge due up.- NickVincent enters the game for the Padres in relief of Casey Kelly.- Josh Rutledge struck out swinging to end the inning.

San Diego Top 7th- Yasmani Grandal singled to left. Runner on first with none out and Jesus Guzman due up.- Jesus Guzman struck out swinging. Runner on first with one out and Cameron Maybin due up.- Cameron Maybin singled to center. On the play, Yasmani Grandal advances to second. Runners on first and second with one out and Alexi Amarista due up.- - Alexi Amarista singled to center scored Yasmani Grandal. On the play, Cameron Maybin advances to third. Runners on first and third with one out and Nick Vincent due up.- Yonder Alonso enters the game for the Padres to pinch-hit for Nick Vincent.- Cameron Maybin thrown


out at home with a runner on second and two outs.- Pinch-Hitter Yonder Alonso walked. Runners on first and second with two outs and Chris Denorfia due up.- Guillermo Moscoso enters the game for the Rockies in relief for pitcher Matt Reynolds.- Chris Denorfia lined out to right to end the inning.

Colorado Bottom 7th- Tom Layne starts the inning for the Padres.- Carlos Gonzalez was hit-by-pitch. Runner on first with none out and Jordan Pacheco due up.- Jordan Pacheco singled to center. On the play, Carlos Gonzalez advances to second. Runners on first and second with none out and Tyler Colvin due up.- Tyler Colvin sacrifice bunt to pitcher. On the play, Jordan Pacheco advances to second and Carlos Gonzalez advances to third. Runners on second and thirdand with one out and Chris Nelson due up.- Brad Brach enters the game for the Padres in relief for pitcher Tom Layne.- Chris Nelson one-out, three-run Home Run (7) to center scored Carlos Gonzalez and Jordan Pacheco. Ramon Hernandez due up.- Ramon Hernandez grounded out short to first. None on with two outs and Jonathan Herrera due up.- Jonathan Herrera grounded out second to first to end the inning.

San Diego Top 8th- Matt Belisle starts the inning for the Rockies.- Logan Forsythe struck out swinging. None on with one out and Chase Headley due up.- Chase Headley lined out to center. None on with two outs and Carlos Quentin due up.- Carlos Quentin struck out swinging to end the inning.

Colorado Bottom 8th- Charlie Blackmon is pinch-hitting for


Matt Belisle.- Pinch-Hitter Charlie Blackmon walked. Runner on first with none out and Dexter Fowler due up.- Charlie Blackmon advances to third on Brad Brach`s error. Runner on third with none out and Dexter Fowler at the plate.- Dexter Fowler singled to center scored Charlie Blackmon. Runner on first with none out and Josh Rutledge due up.- Dexter Fowler advances to second on a wild pitch. Runner on second with none out and Josh Rutledge at the plate.- Josh Rutledge grounded out short to first. On the play, Dexter Fowler advances to third. Runner on third with one out and Carlos Gonzalez due up.- Joe Thatcher enters the game for the Padres in relief for pitcher Brad Brach.- Carlos Gonzalez struck out swinging. Runner on third with twothe election result than his despondent classmates. Joe is older than most of his colleagues (he is 26), and has a different worldview; he joined the Marines 5 years ago.

On Party Affiliation:

I’m definitely not a conservative, registered libertarian and voted for Obama both times. Jeb or Ted Cruz would have been a nightmare. Donald Trump is a special case.

On Trump’s Unique Appeal:

After the first Republican debate during the primaries I started to pay attention to him, as a joke at first, but quickly realized he was saying things that no other politician would. By February I was sure he was going to win the presidency. His willingness to distance himself from the religious right was great to see.

On Supporting Trump at UCSC:

I’ve worn my MAGA shirt around campus,


FINE ARTIST

Elisa McLeod

Depicting botanical imagery captured through the lens of a camera my oil paintings on canvas explore the middle ground between representational and abstract art. Photographs are the starting point of my creative process and act as a form of sketchbook – the inspiration for which most often reveals itself to me whilst out walking in my home region of Cornwall. Absorbed by studying the intricate details of a plant from the ground up, a shallow depth of field enables me to record the boundless shapes of a large blurred leaf in the foreground whilst focusing on one small, delicate and often unexpected detail.

Light is a fundamental theme in my paintings – an amalgamation of dappled sunlight bursting through the cracks and sharp edged shards of lightmore than 20 partners attended the event at the QT hotel in the Sydney. The event provided a forum for the company to update its Australian partners on the company's strategy for cloud security in the year ahead. It was also a great opportunity for the company to introduce Sean Kopelke as country manager for A/NZ. The event ended with Christmas drinks and a celebration of momentum gained in 2016.

IN PICTURES: Nutanix X Tours

Nutanix recently held two ‘X Tours’, which brought the company’s flagship event .NEXT to Brisbane and Melbourne. Customers and partners got a firsthand look at the new era of IT and exposure to the potential of the Nutanix Enterprise Cloud platform. Both events featured key speakers both from Nutanix and its partners.

iasset.com is a channel


Arizona law allowing public financing of a candidate if their opponent exceeded certain spending limits.

To be enacted, a proposed amendment would have to pass the House and Senate by a two-thirds majority then be ratified by three-fourths, or 38 of the states.

The Citizens United ruling stems from the critical 90-minute documentary “Hillary: The Movie,” about Secretary of State and then-Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, featuring Dick Morris, Ann Coulter and other right-wing commentators. The film was produced by the politically conservative corporation Citizens United.

The FEC restricted Citizens United from showing the video-on-demand film just prior to the 2008 presidential primary campaign season, according to the Washington Post. The government determined the film violated the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, also known as the McCain-Feingold Act for itsauthors Republican US Sen. John McCain of Arizona and former Democratic US Sen. Russ Feingold of Wisconsin. McCain-Feingold restricted campaign spending by corporations and unions.

McCain-Feingold also banned the broadcast of cable or satellite transmission of “electioneering communications” paid for by corporations or labor unions from their general funds in the 30 days prior to presidential primaries and in the 60 days before general elections. The law was narrowed by a 2007 Supreme Court decision that applied to communications “susceptible to no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate,” The New York Times reported.

The United States District Court for the District of Columbia sided with the FEC in a suit brought by Citizens United. But in 2009, the Supreme Court took


exact same time that a mini-ice age struck, changing the entire course of human history. Scientists have speculated for decades that a comet could be behind the sudden fall in temperature during a period known as the Younger Dryas. But recently the theory appeared to have been debunked by new dating of meteor craters in North America where the comet is thought to have struck.

The Vulture Stone, at Gobekli Tepe CREDIT: ALISTAIR COOMBS

However, when engineers studied animal carvings made on a pillar – known as the vulture stone – at Gobekli Tepe they discovered that the creatures were actually astronomical symbols which represented constellations and the comet.

Using a computer program to show where the constellations would have appeared above Turkey thousands of years ago, they were able tocomet fragments hit Earth at the exact same time that a mini-ice age struck, changing the entire course of human history. Scientists have speculated for decades that a comet could be behind the sudden fall in temperature during a period known as the Younger Dryas. But recently the theory appeared to have been debunked by new dating of meteor craters in North America where the comet is thought to have struck.

The Vulture Stone, at Gobekli Tepe CREDIT: ALISTAIR COOMBS

However, when engineers studied animal carvings made on a pillar – known as the vulture stone – at Gobekli Tepe they discovered that the creatures were actually astronomical symbols which represented constellations and the comet.

Using a computer program to show where the constellations would have appeared above Turkey thousands of


has reported evidence of a comet or meteorite or low-density object barreling toward Earth, exploding in the upper atmosphere and triggering a devastating swath that wiped out most of the large animals, their habitat and humans of that period. “The detonation either fried them or compressed them because of the shock wave. It was a mini nuclear winter,” said Ted Bunch, NAU adjunct professor of geology and former NASA researcher who specializes in impact craters.

The presence of around 500,000 elliptical craters, ranging from a few hundred meters to 11 kilometers in size, across the entire eastern seaboard of the United States, from New Jersey down to Miami, is perhaps the greatest clue. A comet which entered the earth’s atmosphere from the north-west over Alaska and disintegrated into millionswooden puzzle, laser cut and printed, and packaged with instructions for sale. The jigsaw was included as part of the inventory in a reputable and well established magic shop in London, and the two runs of the product sold out (30 units). The cost for the jigsaw was set in conjunction with the shop owner, an experienced salesman of magic tricks, who was able to provide what, in his professional opinion was a competitive price compared to other similar tricks. This is direct evidence of the efficacy of the methods presented in this paper to create novel, practical, and saleable magic effects. These sales are considered as evaluation metrics in a research project rather than as a commercial product, but it is worth noting the shop requested further


Promoting a Sustainable, Walkable and Engaging Community

Friends of White Flint Members

In addition to hundreds of individual residents, the following organizations are also active members of Friends of White Flint. By drawing this wide range of stakeholders to the table, each on equal footing, we have robust debates and take concrete action toward ensuring that White Flint/the Pike District reaches its potential.

Upcoming Events

The White Flint Downtown Advisory Committee was appointed by the County Executive and County Council to advise on public services within the sector, coordinate community activities and create an Urban District. The DAC is scheduled[...]

The White Flint Implementation Advisory Committee is a body appointed by the Planning Board in 2010 to: Review assumptions made regarding traffic, including transit use and parking Monitor plan recommendations Identify new projectsfor the[...]

The White Flint Downtown Advisory Committee was appointed by the County Executive and County Council to advise on public services within the sector, coordinate community activities and create an Urban District. The DAC is scheduled[...]

The White Flint Implementation Advisory Committee is a body appointed by the Planning Board in 2010 to: Review assumptions made regarding traffic, including transit use and parking Monitor plan recommendations Identify new projects for the[...]

The White Flint Downtown Advisory Committee was appointed by the County Executive and County Council to advise on public services within the sector, coordinate community activities and create an Urban District. The DAC is scheduled[...]

The White Flint Implementation Advisory Committee is a body appointed by the Planning Board in 2010 to: Review assumptions made regarding traffic, including transit use


and parking Monitor plan recommendations Identify new projects for the[...]

The White Flint Downtown Advisory Committee was appointed by the County Executive and County Council to advise on public services within the sector, coordinate community activities and create an Urban District. The DAC is scheduled[...]

The White Flint Implementation Advisory Committee is a body appointed by the Planning Board in 2010 to: Review assumptions made regarding traffic, including transit use and parking Monitor plan recommendations Identify new projects for the[...]

The White Flint Downtown Advisory Committee was appointed by the County Executive and County Council to advise on public services within the sector, coordinate community activities and create an Urban District. The DAC is scheduled[...]

The White Flint Implementation Advisory Committee is a body appointed by the Planning Board in 2010 to:Every Friday, the q This panel looks at the biggest stories in music news. Today, CBC arts reporter Lisa Christiansen and freelance writer A. Harmony join Tom Power to talk about Elle Magazine's latest article about Taylor Swift, written by Swift herself.

In the article, Swift talks openly about some of the lessons she's learned in life so far, just ahead of her 30th birthday. She's not the first big pop star to take control of what's being said about her in the press, but it does raise some questions. Could this the end of the big celebrity interview?

— Produced by Emma Godmere


musician.

Her focus to art and design pursued her to study Interior Design and Decoration at Montreal.

Her philosophy of design – each project is unique and has a soul of its own.

Her passion is to translate the essence of emotions and thoughts into forms , colours and textures.

Her Goal is to utilize her experience, creativity, hard work and the great passion for Interior Design to assist the clients realize all their home- renovation dreams.MAD MAN SAD WOMAN WORKSHOP

York Theatre Royal

February 2014

Head for Heights spent a week of working on exploring Mad Man Sad Woman, by Juan Radrián, with two actors discovering the kind of language that these two destitute and derelict characters would use when talking in English. Also researching how much equivalence there was between the circumstances in a destroyed slum area in Santiago and the situation of the homeless in our own streets.

This was then followed up with a later workshop and reading at the Chilean Embassy in London, to test its impact on an invited audience of theatre makers and goers and academics and translators.


Pirate Captain sets out on a mission to defeat his rivals Black Bellamy and Cutlass Liz for the Pirate of the year Award. The quest takes Captain and his crew from the shores of Blood Island to the foggy streets of Victorian London.

Manolo, a young man who is torn between fulfilling the expectations of his family and following his heart, embarks on an adventure that spans three fantastic worlds where he must face his greatest fears.

Storyline

In the town of Blithe Hollow, Norman Babcock is a boy who can speak to the dead, but no one besides his eccentric new friend, Neil, believes his ability is real. One day, Norman's estranged eccentric uncle tells him of an important annual ritual he must take up to protect the town fromboth adults and children.

The film was shot using a Canon 5D Mark II DSLR Camera. To generate the 3D effect, the camera was mounted on a special rig that would take one shot, then slide to a slightly viewpoint to take another shot. However, to generate all the different faces needed for the characters, the film company Laika used 3D printers.

The movie takes place in the creepy town of Blithe Hollow, whose name is a mash up of two other ghost stories, Noel Coward's Blithe Spirit(1945) and Washington Irving's The Legend of The Sleepy Hollow(1949). Paranorman tells the story of 11 years-old Norman (voiced by Kodi Smit- McPhee), who can speak to ghosts. Unfortunately, Norman has no friends because people think he's weird. Even his father (voiced by


Father Tim Bartlett says too much attention paid to church's part in moving priest James Chesney out of Northern Ireland because of his role in 1972 atrocity

A leading Catholic figure in Northern Ireland has described criticism of the church's role in covering up the involvement of a priest in the Claudy bomb massacre as "dancing on the head of a pin".

Father Tim Bartlett claimed today that too much attention had been paid to the church's part in moving James Chesney out of Northern Ireland after the 1972 atrocity.

A report last week said the church, alongside the British government and the police, had agreed to keep secret Chesney's role in the IRA car bomb attack, which killed nine people. All feared there would be a violent backlash by Protestantloyalists against the Catholic clergy if Chesney's involvement had been revealed at the time.

Bartlett said those who knew the truth of what happened needed to come forward for the sake of the victims' families. The nationalist SDLP has challenged leading republicans, including senior figures in Sinn Féin, to reveal the truth about the IRA attack.

A report by the police ombudsman last week said that the then leader of Ireland's Catholics, Cardinal William Conway, met Willie Whitelaw, the secretary of state for Northern Ireland, in the wake of the bomb attacks. They agreed that Chesney, who was described in Al Hutchinson's report as the leader of the IRA in south Derry, should be moved across the border to the Irish Republic.

The ombudsman found that RUC officers who wanted to


question Chesney were told by an assistant chief constable that "matters are in hand". Bartlett said that decision should be the subject of more scrutiny.

"We have had one of the special branch officers who was involved in the investigation tell us that he was 25 minutes away from searching Chesney's house," Bartlett said. "He told us that information came from sensitive sources. Who are those sources? Why are journalists not pursuing that for the sake of the families?"

Hutchinson, who has the powers to investigate the RUC's conduct, said police had been guilty of collusion with the church and the government.located on Chapeltown Road near Highway 6 in

Panola County. Previously, a concrete plant operated on the site, which manufactured and

sold concrete products, although at the time that Aldridge bought the property, concrete

production had ceased and only office staff remained on the premises. However, under the

land-use district ordinance, the five-acre parcel was zoned agricultural.

¶5.    Aldridge applied for a special exception to the ordinance to operate a junkyard on the

premises. The Board granted Aldridge’s request for a special exception to the ordinance.

In the first of two appeals, Thomas appealed the Board’s grant of a special exception to the

Panola County Circuit Court, Second Judicial District. The circuit court reversed the Board’s

grant of the special exception to the ordinance. In so doing, the circuit court determined that

the ordinance had


       vii.    Protect environmentally sensitive areas
              viii.   Further the goals and policies of Progress Panola: The Future of
                      Growth and Development in Panola County, Mississippi, 1998.

Panola County, MS, Panola County Land Use District Ordinance (March 22, 2002).

                                              3
¶6.   Following the circuit court’s decision, Aldridge filed an application to rezone his five

acres from agricultural to industrial and for a special exception to the ordinance to operate

a recycling center/junkyard in the industrial zone. Pursuant to the ordinance, a junk or

salvage yard was not a permitted use in an industrial district. However, the ordinance

provided that a junk or salvage yard might be granted a special exception to operate in an

industrial district.

¶7.    The Commission had a public hearing and made a recommendation to the Board to

allow rezoning and the special exception. The Commission also recommended that the

junkyard be limited to: operating under the special exception for five years before another

review, opening from 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. for six days a week, and no


 The Board also heard the presentation of Aldridge’s counsel that the junkyard was

fenced and operated in a neat manner with nothing thrown around the area like a traditional

junkyard. The junkyard accepted ferrous (iron) and nonferrous materials. The material was

bundled, pressed, and placed on pallets. Batteries also were accepted for disposal at the

business. Once the batteries were accepted, they were bundled, sold, and disposed by

another buyer. Aldridge’s business provided a place to dispose of the unwanted items, and

the taxpayers did not have to dispose of the property in landfills. Counsel for Aldridge

indicated that most of the commercial and industrial businesses in existence in the area at the

                     anybody. His counsel estimated that only three

residents are near to Aldridge’s operation.

¶14.   On the other hand, Thomas presented his objections through his counsel and had

Brenda Solomito, a professional land planner, and John Fiser, a real estate appraiser, testify

at the hearing. Thomas’s counsel stated that the administrator at the Planning Commission

                                               6
had stated that the only change to the area since 2002 was the issuance of one special

exception to operate a used-car lot between the city limits of Batesville and the


                                       7
tractor business. Almost directly across the street from the property is a John Deere

dealership, as well as four to six houses.

¶17.   Fiser did not know how Aldridge ran his business, however, he had appraised a house

across the street from a junkyard in Sardis. He decreased the appraisal value of that house

based on the junkyard and its condition. In Fiser’s opinion, a decrease in property value

would occur if Aldridge ran his business as a typical scrap yard. However, Fiser stated that

he had not observed how Aldridge operated hisbusiness, and he did not know how an

appraisal would be affected if the materials were compressed and placed into containers.

¶18.   Following the presentations and testimony on behalf of Aldridge and Thomas, the

Board heard testimony from members of the Panola County Land Development Commission.

These members stated that the Commission recommended a change in zoning and a grant of

a special exception, with restrictions, to operate the facility. Amy Thomas, a nearby

landowner, testified on her own behalf and objected to Aldridge’s application for rezoning.

Aldridge also testified on his own behalf at the hearing, stating that some nearby landowners

had apologized to him and had brought their unwanted materials to his scrap yard. The

Board then voted five to zero to grant the change in zoning and the special exception.

¶19.


   as set forth by the Panola County Land Development Commission Resolution
       dated December 10, 2007.

                                              15
rezoning and granting a special exception to Aldridge. In determining that there was

substantial evidence to permit rezoning, the trial court stated:

               The record before the Panola Land Development Commission as well
       as the Panola County Board of Supervisors is    Board of Supervisors for a finding by the Board that there is an ongoing
       material change in the character of the neighborhood and the change has
       continued since the adoption of the Panola County Land Use Ordinance in
       2002.

               The Board of Supervisors had sufficient evidence before them, as
       revealed by the record, to find there is a public need in Panola County for an
       additional company to buy and dispose of scrap metal. The Board had the


facility. It is evident that the area has a mixture of agricultural,

commercial, and industrial uses, despite its agricultural zoning. The Board already had

granted a special exception in the area to operate a used car lot since the adoption of the

ordinance. Indeed, the Board was made aware that Aldridge’s property had been used for

a number of years as an industrial business, a concrete plant, prior to its use as a junkyard.

In addition, the Board was aware that Aldridge had been granted a special exception to

operate the junkyard previously, although the circuit court had reversed that Board decision

because the land was not zoned industrial at the time and in accordance with the ordinance.

In other words, the Board was familiar with the land at issue and was aware that it hadBoard hearing. Aldridge’s land had been

used for industrial purposes for many years prior to his rezoning request. Unfortunately, the

January 14, 2008, order by the Board provided no insight into the basis for the Board’s

decision to rezone and grant a special exception. However, the Planning Commission had

recommended the rezoning and the special exception and two representatives appeared

before the Board at the hearing with this recommendation.           The Board adopted the

Commission’s recommendation, including the Commission’s suggested limitations.

Likewise, the Board heard and considered the evidence, including expert testimony, both for

and against the rezoning, and granted the rezoning requests.

       3.     Public need

¶38.   During the hearing, the Board heard arguments and testimony


concerning public need.

Aldridge claimed that his business provided a nearby place for the public to sell batteries,

aluminum cans, and old, unwanted metal objects. Further, the facility would help the

environment by providing a depository for these materials instead of having them discarded

in the county, where they could harm the environment. In addition, the Board heard that the

facility would benefit the public.     Aldridge contended that the public would have a

convenient place to dispose of its materials, such as batteries, and the Board and taxpayers

would not have to dispose of the materials in landfills or other locations. Further, the issue

of economic development and growth was discussed in relation to the zoning ordinance.

               traffic, road hazards, and

the like.

¶40.   The trial court order stated:

       The Board of Supervisors had sufficient evidence before them, as revealed by
       the record, to find there is a public need in Panola County for an additional
       company to buy and dispose of scrap metal. The Board had the right to
       consider the ongoing expansion of industry in Panola County and the need for
       private citizens as well as other commercial and industrial entities to have
       another outlet for scrap metal. The record reveals that there is only one other


Making the Plates

William Blake's original relief-etched copper plates, with which he printed his illuminated books such as the Songs of Innocence and of Experience, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and Europe a Prophecy, were lost in the nineteenth century. The only evidence that has survived that shows how his revolutionary method was carried out, of etching his text and design together in relief so that both could be printed at the same time, from the same plate, in his rolling press, is a single fragment of a cancelled plate from America a Prophecy, now in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. This fragment shows clearly how Blake etched his plates, in two stages, to a total depth of 0.12 mm.,plate is then etched in two stages to the same shallow depths as the America fragment. After an initial bite, the mordant is poured away and the text and design checked for signs of underbiting, with stop-out varnish applied to any vulnerable areas. The plate is then bitten again.

William Blake, fragment relief-etched copper plate, cancelled plate 'a' of America a Prophecy 1793, 82 ✕ 58 mm. (Damage on right side not related to Blake).

Inks and Papers

The same attention to historical accuracy has been given to preparing inks, inking and wiping the plates, selecting papers and printing. Inks are specially mixed with linseed oil before each printing session using combinations of the same historic dry pigments that we know Blake used: bone black, vermillion, madder lake, gamboge, yellow ochre,


laid and wove papers that in colour, texture, and weight compare with the papers that Blake used to print his illuminated books and separate prints, “the most beautiful wove papers that could be procured,” as Blake wrote in his prospectus of 10 October 1793. The papers are torn to the same size as the handful of copies of the illuminated books that have survived with the sheets left untrimmed, as Blake issued them to his customers in paper wrappers (for example, in the Berg Collection of the New York Public Library). For the smaller plates, like those of the Songs of Innocence and of Experience and The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, they measure 280 x 190 mm. For printing the larger plates, like those of America aProphecy, Europe a Prophecy and Jerusalem, 390 x 280 mm.

The Printing Process

Because Blake etched his copper plates of text and design in relief, leaving the printing surface standing proud, he was able to print from these raised surfaces using very little pressure. This allowed him to print on the verso of the same sheet, with the result that when the sheets were bound together the printed impressions faced each other as in a conventional book. Blake later printed on only one side of the leaf, the practice that is followed here.

As a result of using very little pressure in printing the impression, by increasing it, a second impression can be printed from the residue of ink remaining on the relief surfaces. To increase the pressure, sheets of paper,


Episode 22 “What Kind of Day Has It Been?”

It's the action packed finale of the first season of The West Wing, and we celebrate by talking with Luke Savage, whose Current Affairs article HOW LIBERALS FELL IN LOVE WITH THE WEST WING is the seminal work in the field.

We'll be taking a brief break, but we'll be back shortly with season 3 of The West Wing Thing, in which we discuss season 2 of The West Wing. Confused? Ask Dave. He'll explain.Brian Pearce

Constant Reader:

Introducing a new column

(March 1958)

From The Newsletter, 8 March 1958.
Transcribed by Christian Hogsbjerg. by Christian Hogsbjerg.

Sloan on the purges

PAT SLOAN, secretary of the British-Soviet Friendship Society, writes in his British-Soviet Newsletter dated February 22, under the heading The “Purges” of 1937–8:

‘Together with the actual revision of a number of past sentences, now found to have been unjust, certain rumours have been circulated in the Press and sundry newsletters to the effect that the big treason trials of the 1930s are now recognized to have been unfounded. One of the latest reports on this subject “quotes” an article by I. Serov in Pravda of December 21, 1957. A perusal, however, of the relevant passages in the article makes it clear that it is not the big treason


of these trials that have appeared in the Soviet Press over the last few years – references of a kind that are fully understood to imply rehabilitation of the persons concerned.

Thus, for example, in an article in Literaturnaya Gazeta of February 28, 1957, on Latvian literature, the writer mentions Robert Eidemann (‘a talented Soviet Latvian writer who was also an outstanding commander in the Civil War, head of the Frunze Military Academy, a member of the Revolutionary Military Council and chief of Osoaviakhim’).

Eidemann is listed along with a number of other Latvian writers, with the comment: ‘In relation to many of these writers violations of socialist legality were committed.’

‘Unmentioned’ in recent years

Now Eidemann was one of the Generals executed with Tukhachevsky. It is also significant that in aneditorial on party history in the journal Problems of History (no. 3 of 1956) Gamarnik was mentioned alongside Antonov-Ovseyenko (‘rehabilitated’ by Mikoyan in his Twentieth Congress speech) as one of these whose names had been ‘unmentioned’ in the writings of ‘recent years’.

Gamarnik, then head of the Red Army’s political administration, was included in the indictment of the Generals, but was said to have killed himself to avoid arrest.

(The implicit rehabilitation of Gamarnik is particularly interesting in that Krestinsky, one of the principal accused in the 1938 treason trial, was alleged to have been go-between for a group of civilian conspirators and Gamarnik’s military group.)

Again, Tukhachevsky himself is named, as commander of the First Army, in articles on the Eastern Front in 1918–19 in Problems of History nos. 6


We trail east up the Big Belt Mo...Minimum riding level: Good Novice+

This Montana Working Ranch was built in l898 and has run thousands of head of cattle and been the home of many cowboys who have rode and trained hundreds of foundation bred quarter horses over the years.
As you leave the paved highway and start up the canyon along the rutted road toward the mountain, you actually feel as if you are traveling back in time.
Your hosts of this Pryor...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

The Two Creek Ranch is a family owned working cattle ranch. Currently running 600 mother cows on 25,000+ acres of land. The winter and spring range is located 8 miles south of Douglas, nestled along the North Platte River, with the LaBonte and Wagonhound Creeks flowing...Minimum riding level: All riding levels

The remote wilderness lodge and base for this trip is located at the north end of Chilko Lake, British Columbia, the gateway to Ts'yl-os Park. This is the dividing point between the stunning Coast Mountain range and the Chilcotin Plateau, where the crystal clear Chilko River winds its way down to the coastal watersheds. The area offers excellent riding country and superb world class...Minimum riding level: Good Intermediate

Located in a truly beautiful part of the world with an abundance of nature, clean fast moving water, green fields and breathtaking mountain vistas you find a spectacular 35,000 acres guest ranch which offers the invigorating lifestyle of a working cattle ranch and reining horse training facilities - with exceptional lodgings and cuisine of a world-class


Country near Bandera, the Equestrian Lodge offers first-class accommodations and quality horseback riding - hacking or clinics!
The lodge lies on the northeast boundary of the Hill Country State Natural Area - a 5,400 acre primitive area, which boasts two live streams and 35 plus miles of riding and hiking trails. An ideal place for horseback riders...Minimum riding level: All riding levels

Hidden Trails is proud to offer this wonderful authentic 100-year old working
cattle and horse ranch with generations of ranching experience just an hour
from the city of Cody. On the way in you will drive through true wild horse country to reach the
ranch. You will appreciate the vastness of the ranch's landscape, which spreads across
approximately 300,000 acres of private, Big Horn Nati...Minimum riding level: All riding levels

Remotely located inthe Wind River Mountains, the ranch lies at the edge of the Popo Agie Wilderness area of the Shoshone National Forest, the world's first National Forest! At 9,200 feet above sea level, you will find sparkling mountain lakes, glaciers and pristine forests right outside your cabin porch. Rustic comfort, western hospitality and friendly staff make this place perfect for your summe...Minimum riding level: All riding levels

Drive 80 head of horses and mules over 80 miles from Owens Valley to Rock Creek or Reds Meadow.
Drive herds horses and mules between the winter range in the Owens Valley and the summer headquarters in the High Sierra. The drives start early in the morning in order to move during the cool of the day. Camp is made early afternoon. The cook


levels

This new and exciting ride starts from an authentic estancia in "Los Glaciares" the beautiful and wild national park along the banks of the Southern Arm of Lago (Lake) Argentino. Covering an impressive area of more than 12,000 hectares, it stretches out to the border Argentina shares with Chile. The estancia was formerly devoted to sheep production and currently still maintains a small herd, but i...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

This working estancia is a 15,000-acre ranch supporting 900-head of cattle and is located in the beautiful Andean foothills just 45 miles from San Martin de los Andes.
The landscape here is made up of shrub covered hills, craggy rock outcrops, and wide-open water-meadows with the snow peaked Lanin Volcano (13,000 ft.) and the stunning Andes mountains as a backdrop.
You canBritish-style estancia...Minimum riding level: Novice to Advanced

Swathed in 15,000 acres of secluded grassy wilderness at
the top of the Córdoba hills, Estancia Sierra Chicas is an idyllic
retreat for horsemen, hikers and nature lovers. This working ranch
breeds Aberdeen-Angus cattle and Paso Peruano pacing horses. It has
been in the Anglo-Argentine Begg family for four generations and offers
the possibility of combining the pleasures of British-style estancia
...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

We will ride Mount Aconcagua region. Here stand the biggest mountains in America, including its tallest peak, Aconcagua (6962 mts. - 23 200 ft.). A mecca of mountaineering. Riding 10 000 ft. high, through small trails, past unspoiled valleys and colorful creeks… It is in these uninhabited places, which you can only reach on horseback, where huge herds of guanacos roam freely and the


world. The
horse quality and special training sets the pace of this ride with long
trots and canters.
From a secluded equestrian farm on idyllic property in the upper reaches
of the Lorne Valley, this week long program offers riding thro...Minimum riding level: Good Intermediate

Experience Australia on horseback as you trek through the unsurpassed beauty of Kosciuszko National Park proudly located in the Snowy Mountains that inspired Banjo Patterson's, "The Man From Snowy River". Here is your chance to navigate the land renowned for its rugged mountain horsemen, wild brumbies and breathtaking Alpine wilderness. Unchanged by time and bestowed with a wealth of...Minimum riding level: Novice+

Experience Australia on horseback as you trek through the unsurpassed beauty of Kosciuszko National Park proudly located in the Snowy Mountains that inspired Banjo Patterson's, "The Manall of Belize, the ranch is a place where the horses roam free and huge iguanas laze in the branches above the bamboo. The land here is surrounded by evidence of both the ancient Maya and a historic logging tradition. Nestled in a quiet jungle setting, in the midst of birds and other tropical wildlife, the jungle ranch resort features delightful a...Minimum riding level: Low to Strong Intermediate

"Some of the finest highland scenery in Europe is found in the Rila, Pirin, Rhodope and Balkan mountain ranges" (The Rough Guide - 1995)
The Balkans are the longest chain in the peninsula- over 600 km. Dividing Bulgaria into two distinct halves, the Balkans amaze us with their spectacular natural sights- the river canyons, the rocks, the forests and the high picks


the Waterberg mountain range of South Africa and the vast
Mashatu Game Reserve of Botswana's Tuli Block, known as the "Land of...Minimum riding level: Strong Intermediate

Pantanal is the largest continuous wetland in the world. It has an area of 140.000 square kilometers of floodplain in Brazil and it also spreads through Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina. It was formed between 02 and 05 million years ago, as a large sedimentary basin and now is an isolated plain surrounded by several mountain areas. An area more than a third the size of...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

The spectacular mountain scenery, huge canyons and bottomless waterfalls of this region will take your breath away. Imagine the Grand Canyon covered in lush vegetation, cascading waterfalls and thriving biodiversity. Nestled along the southern coast of SantaCatarina and Rio Grande do Sul, among Brazil's most impressive canyons, the 28,000 nature conservation area where this adventure occurs. This...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Bahia Beach Ride – Trancoso/Caraiva
A ride through marvelous beaches, Indian and small fishing communities and preserved rainforest.
While Brazil is known throughout the world for Rio de Janeiro, its lively beaches and the excitement of Carnival, native Brazilians hold on to their best kept secret: the golden sands and emerald seas of Trancoso in Bahia. This area was home to one of t...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Plantation Ride(IT-BRRT14)Rio, Brazil7 days / 6 nights, rate from $2,120Dates : Available all Year

São Paulo may be the economic, industrial and financial powerhouse of Brazil, and indeed of South America, but it also offers some of the finest rural experiences of


300 miles north of Santiago. Planes from the capital land in La Serena - beautiful seaside resort by the Pacific, three times every day. From here, explore the wild Sierra, the huge Andes and experience a romantic and pure nature moving through canyons, endless plains and over passes of the untouched Andes in close contact to Chilean mountain farmers. There is also tim...Minimum riding level: Novice+

The Atacama Desert of Chile is a sparsely populated virtually rainless plateau, running from the Pacific Ocean to the Andes Mountains. The landscape is so desolate it is sometimes described as "moon like". In the heart of this desert is the village of San Pedro, at an altitude of 7,000 feet and surrounded by a green oasis. Many years ago it was consideredPark - a true gem harbouring a wide range ...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Explore the Pacific and the Caribbean coastlines and take in the vistas of Volcano Arenal – on horseback in Costa Rica!
The Costa Rica Coast to Coast Ride includes a coast explorations of both the Pacific and Caribbean Coast and in between a visit to Arenal Volcano – both a landmark and iconic feature which has become a highlight and a must in any Costa Rican itinerary. A mounted advent...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

"Come to ride, relax and experience our very special corner of Paradise. We are not just a 'nose to tail' ride, but a ranch that caters to real riders who care about the quality, care and treatment of horses. Our goal is to provide an


woods. It is also the spiritual home to two of the coun...Minimum riding level: Strong Intermediate

Pyrenees Border Trail(IT-FRAN07)Pays Basque, France8 days / 7 nights, rate from $1,850Dates : May to October

The Pyrenees Border Trail is an exhilarating route, with thrilling scenery over wild valleys framed by rugged peaks, as eagles and vultures soar overhead. Discover the culture of the Pays Basque people and the reasons why they wish to live apart from France.
From St Jean-Pied-de-Port, former capital of Basse Navarre and Unesco World Heritage Site, to the village of Sare, listed as one o...Minimum riding level: Intermediate+

Where the Atlantic Ocean crashes onto the coast of south-west France lies the Côte d'Argent. Here you will find a ribbon of silver sand, 150 miles in length, which is popular withof sunlight and fragrances, at the time of year painters and all artists prefer. Come discover all the landscapes painted by Cezanne. A week dedicated to trail riding in the beautiful Provence landscapes and villages, tasting the Mediterranean food with the local people who have more time to share with you. This is an introduction to the Luberon ...Minimum riding level: Low Intermediate

We are happy to offer several new itineraries in Provence this year. Ride along ancient Roman roads, into villages where the horses drink from the fountain and chat with the locals. Then canter through fields of lavender, gaze at the snow-topped Alps and the ink-blue Mediterranean at the same time! With the horses tethered nearby, we picnic on French bread, cheese and local wines - ...Minimum


riding level: Good Intermediate

Ride to the Mediterranean: From the mountain of Luberon, down to the Mediterranean sea!
Heading out with the horses from a little riding centre found in the nature park of Luberon, known as the 'Heart of Provence,' we will follow along ancient Roman roads and cross Van Gogh's Hills, the "Alpilles," riding into the rural villages nearby where the horses can stop and drink from the courtyard fo...Minimum riding level: Good Intermediate

A Unique Trail in Provence - On the Road of Lavender
A trip itinerary rich in fragrance and color, from the South Luberon to Provencal areas famous for their production of lavender: Plateau of Claparèdes, Plateau of Albion, the Country of Banon, and the foothills of the Lure Mountain. At the end of the third day,Here you ride in the coveted silence and peace that only a tiny island covered with olive-trees, historical sites and...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Enjoy the Greek lifestyle- the bright blue sea, the golden sun and tastiest food! Relax on the beach or visit the ancient sites!
Crete is an island in the sun, surrounded by the clear, blue sea and has a rough and wild landscape with mountains reaching 2,5 km high. You can ride within the silence of nature on the tiny island covered with olive-trees, beautiful and natural landscapes, hist...Minimum riding level: good novcie +

Enjoy the Greek lifestyle - the bright blue sea, the golden sun and tastiest food! Relax on the beach or visit the ancient sites!
Crete is an island in the sun, surrounded by the clear,


the region and every day we see evidence of its numerous devastating eruptions throughout the ages. In the old times people actually believed it to be the gateway to hell. Landmannalaugar is a geothermal wonderland in the Southern Highlands. Its natural bathing pools are only on...Minimum riding level: Advanced

The Snæfellsjökull National Park is where you find one of Iceland´s most beautiful and emblematic sights - the glacier-covered cone volcano Snæfellsjökull. The mystery and spiritual aura of this still active volcano were made famous through Jules Verne’s novel Journey to the Centre of the Earth. Many of the great Sagas are located in this very area. Today the remote beauty and rich bird life...Minimum riding level: Strong Intermediate

This tour was nominated by CNNgo as one of the 15 greatesthorse treks in the world!
What better or more unique way to do the popular Golden Circle Tour than by riding through the lovely countryside of South Iceland. The three key attractions on this classic tour are the hot spring area of Geysir, Gullfoss or the Golden Waterfall and Thingvellir National Park. Each one guaranteed...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Step back in time and ride along the ancient Kjölur trail as Icelanders did over the centuries when travelling to the annual summer parliament at Thingvellir, first held in 930 AD. We visit this historic site where the heart of the nation beats and which became Iceland´s first National Park in 1930. Before heading off into the wilderness of the interior we stop to enjoy the Geysir hot spring...Minimum riding level: Advanced

This


tour is a short version of the popular Golden Circle Tour taking in the hot spring area of Geysir and Gullfoss Waterfall. We also visit Thingvellir National Park on our transfer day. Enjoy accommodation at cozy holiday farms during this ride!
Participants on this tour join the longer Golden Circle Tour for four days, but return to Reykjavík on the fifth day while those on the longe...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Melrakkaslétta:
This part of Iceland is inhabited by only few people, most of them living in little fishing villages along the coast and on farms. There is a lot of diversity in this tour starting with beautiful mountain views from the wide Öxarfjörður Fjord. The Peninsula of Melrakkaslétta, which stretches almost to the Arctic Circle, is a paradise for birdwatchers andstart from the beautiful and mythic Strandarkirkja Church. From Strandarkirkja the tour continues on the beach on...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

This tour features a variety of landscape and takes us not only to the most famous natural sights in the south of Iceland but also to remote part in the highlands. We follow narrow paths between moss-covered lava and green hills around volcano Hengill to the hidden Valley of Horses and continue through soft grass to the beautiful and shimmering Lake Thingvallavatn. We visit the ancient site ...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

The Snæfellsnes peninsula in West Iceland is often referred to as “Iceland in a nutshell“ because of the diversity in landscape and wide range of colours. We experience the wide range of Iceland’s colors on our ride through green


where the Icelandic farmers kept their sheep in a cave dur...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

We ride along the ancient Sprengisandur route that crosses Iceland. We explore some of the most fascinating and extreme contrasts of the Icelandic landscape. In the South, we ride along soft green paths along the riverbanks of the Thjórsá River and through a lava valley created by an 800-year-old eruption of the volcano Hekla. The spectacular wilderness of Iceland emerges as we follow the sand and...Minimum riding level: strong intermediate

The Classic Wilderness Tour route is an ancient riding trail crossing Iceland´s uninhabited highlands, intimately associated with many dramatic events in Icelandic history. We visit the popular attractions of Gullfoss waterfall and Geysir hot springs before heading to the interior of Iceland, passing glaciers, hot springsthe first language.
The trails will take you along miles of beautiful coastline of secluded sandy beaches and coves. You will climb high into the mountain...Minimum riding level: Low Intermediate+

In the very heart of a distinctive countryside, where the dark mountains meet the blue sea and green and verdant land surrounds pretty lakes, you will find one of Ireland's most unusual regions: the Connemara!
The Connemara is a wild and barren region west of the city of Galway. It is a stunning patchwork of bogs, lonely valleys, pale grey mountains and small lakes that shimmer when th...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Enjoy the fresh and salty breeze from the Atlantic Ocean as you trek through the contrasting landscape of the beautiful Connemara region of Ireland. The Connemara is a wild and barren


region west of the city of Galway. It is a stunning patchwork of bogs, lonely valleys, pale grey mountains and small lakes that shimmer when the sun shines. This ride explores the coast where the mountains meet the s...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Ireland is undoubtedly a nature lover's paradise. In the West of Ireland, a truly unique combination of sand-and limestone soils, bog lands, lakes and woodlands exist.
The peat or bog land is one of Ireland’s greatest natural assets, not only as an energy source, but as some of its last wild areas. In some places, you can even spot the Celtic toughers still crossing the bogs. The Bu...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

Enjoy a combination of visiting the ancient Irish castles and monastic ruins with lovely guided trail rides throughIrish bogs, fields and local farmland.
On this 4 day ride you will visit the impressive Portumna Castle which was the seat of the Earl of Clanricarde and Pallas castle - one of the best preserved tower houses and castle grounds of the 14th century. You will also take a boat ride...Minimum riding level: Low Intermediate

Ireland is undoubtedly a nature lover's paradise. In the West of Ireland, a truly unique combination of sand-and limestone soils, bog lands, lakes and woodlands exist.
The peat or bog land is one of Ireland’s greatest natural assets, not only as an energy source, but as some of its last wild areas. In some places, you can even spot the Celtic toughers still crossing the bogs. The Bu...Minimum riding level: Novice to Intermediate

A secluded and


trip starts out in the Province of Isernia in the region of Molise and ventures into the Abruzzo region just north of there. This is a region largely forgotten by the tourist hords that you can find in Tuscany or Amalfi - even the local Italian travelers have jet not discovered the "Jewel in the Rough". It offers untouched nature and breathtaking mountain vistas...Minimum riding level: Good Intermediate

On Historic Trails in Tuscany on the Tracks of the Etruscans: Who were the Etruscans?
Who were the Etruscans? The Estruscans were the early inhabitants of Italy, long before the Roman Empire existed. However, the Estruscan civilization is often overlooked despite its enormous influence on the region. Estruscan settlements were frequently built on the hillside - the steeper the hil...Minimum riding level:nineteenth century and home of the Chianti riding centre and farm, is situated in the serene Chianti region in the center of the Siena, Florence, and Arezzo triangle. Surrounded by meadows and woods with a view to a medieval castle, the farm is in the rare position to offer its guests the silence of nature, the sound of birdsong, the nei...Minimum riding level: Low Intermediate

Discover with us the beauty of Cilento - a creative week in southern Italy among nature, art, gastronomy and sport!
Located on one of the most beautiful spots in the Cilento National Park, just a few miles from the sea, your holiday farm awaits! Surrounded by undulating hills and Mediterranean flora, this "agriturismo" is still a fully functioning working farm on 40 acres, producing o...Minimum


riding level: Beginner to Intermediate

South of Amalfi and Pompeii and just past the Gulf of Salerno, the coast of Italy projects out into the sea in a series of dramatic headlands and broad sweeping bays.
This is the area of Cilento, most of which is protected as a National Park. Your base for the week is a delightful hilltop farm with views overlooking the verdant park. Each day you ride out to explore the surrounding parkland, ...Minimum riding level: Intermediate

At only half an hour from Florence in the midst of the Tuscany countryside - olives, vines and woods surrounding ancient farms, villas, towers and castles. This riding center offers horse lovers a change to stay in a typical stone farmhouse with Tuscan charm and atmosphere. It is surrounded byin comfortable charming hotels and historic haciendas, as well as at a unique eco resort on a private island at the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
Chiapas, once part of Guatemala, is the southernmost state of Mexico and the stage of our new unique riding adventure. It is an area full of historic sites of pre-Columbi...Minimum riding level: Good Intermediate

Five Haciendas Ride(IT-MXIR03)Central Mexico, Mexico9 days / 8 nights, rate from $2,490Dates : Available all Year

Traditional Mexico in Jalisco - historic haciendas in the land of Tequila and Charros
A beautiful ride that takes you through Mexico's heartland - the real Mexico - riding across historic haciendas. Ride along the old camino Real, over rolling hills into the mountains and through alfalfa and corn crops, to the spectacular Canyon of Alcazar


Last updated on .From the section Man City

Fabian Delph is a League Cup and FA Cup runner-up with Aston Villa

Aston Villa captain Fabian Delph has signed a five-year contract at Manchester City less than a week after saying he was staying at Villa Park.

England midfielder Delph's move to City had appeared over after he "set the record straight" over his future.

City agreed to meet an £8m release clause inserted into the new four-and-a-half-year contract signed in January.

"At just 25 years old, he still has his best years ahead," said City boss Manuel Pellegrini. external-link

"He is an excellent player, I am looking forward to working with him."

Delph completed a medical on Friday and will fly to Australia over the weekend to join his new team-mates for pre-season training.

He willwear the number 18 shirt which Frank Lampard, now at New York City, wore last season.

LISTEN: Ex-Villa boss Paul Lambert tells 5 live Fabian Delph had every right to change his mind

Aston Villa released a 30-word statement external-link confirming their captain's exit.

"Aston Villa can confirm that Fabian Delph has exercised the release clause in his contract and will join Manchester City," it said.

"We'd like to wish him success in his future career."

Frank Lampard, who wore City's No 18 shirt last season, has sent a message to Fabian Delph

Delph released a statement last week after reports of his original medical at City, saying: "I'm not leaving, I'm staying at the football club."

On Friday, he said he had spoken to his England team-mate and City goalkeeper Joe Hart - as


well as Villa's new signing from City Micah Richards - before signing.

"Micah Richards told me that as far as he is concerned, this is the best club in the world and he had the time of his life here," added Delph.

Former Leeds player Delph did not travel with the Villa squad for their pre-season training camp in Portugal.

He helped Villa retain their Premier League status last season, making 28 league appearances, and also played a key role in their run to the FA Cup final, where they lost 4-0 to Arsenal.

He made his England debut against Norway last September and has six caps.

Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.A Conservative MP made a joke about a neighbouring colleague when he asked the prime minister about the timing of the upskirting bill, which faced objection from MP Christopher Chope.

Simon Hoare said Dorset has the Jurassic Coast, but it is not full of dinosaurs, an apparent reference to the name used about the Christchurch MP. Mr Chope blocked the private member's bill from Lib Dem Wera Hobhouse last week.

Theresa May said upskirting was a "hideous invasion of privacy" and "perpetrators will be punished". A government bill will be put forward on Thursday, she said.

Prime Minister's Questions: The verdict


Acies triplex, the triple formation, was a military formation used by the Roman legions of the republic period. It was introduced as a result of the reform of the Roman army in the 4th century BCE (so-called Camillian reform), which transformed the structure of the Roman army from a rigid phalanx to a much more flexible manipulative. Acies triplex was formed according to the quincunx – scheme of a five-element geometric pattern.

Strong and numerous Roman infantry formed a battle line consisting of three ranks:

first and closest enemy lines – hastati

second line – principes

third and last line – triarii, who are often veterans also strong reserve

The basic tactical unit was manipul. The Manipul consisted of 120-150 people (triarii counted half of the size), six ranks of 20-25 soldiers. Inthe acies triplex array, the manipulators were separated from each other by a gap the width of the manipulate face from the next line. This was to ensure high maneuverability and easy regrouping while maintaining the ability to quickly create a compact line of troops.

Before the first heavy-armed array were velites, i.e. light-armed infantry (javelinists, archers). They were set up in a loose, linear formation. On the flanks there was a ride, grouped in 10 squadrons (turmae), protecting the main army from lap. However, riding was not covered by this tactic.

First, the Vellites went into battle. When velites had already passed the first line, they moved to the second stage, forming a battle line. Then the commander of the rear centuria (posterior) at the head of his people


moved first to the left and then forward forming a solid line. The same procedure was also used when velites formed behind the first line to protect the sides of the hastati formation.

At this point, the legion presented a solid, strong battle line ready to fight. When the opponent approached hastati they charged. When they lost to the enemy, the posterior centurii returned to its previous position, creating loopholes. At that time, tired manipulations of hastati withdrew through the gaps for principes. When the first row was hidden behind the second, principes formed, according to an earlier procedure, one strong battle line that charged the enemy. The situation repeated itself, when the second line was losing, which was rare, then the triaria intervened. This situation was described as:Q:

Accessing FTP files from Scala

I can't seem to find a idiomatic way to access FTP files from a Scala library.
Are there any mature libraries for this in Scala, or whould the prefered way be, to use the Java libraries for instance the Apache FTP client?
Thanks in advance.

A:

There doesn't seem to be a dedicated Scala library.
The only scala project managing FTP access is Scalanet, but:

it hasn't been updated since 2009
it simply encapsulates the org.apache.commons.net.ftp classes from the Apache Commons Net™ library (as seen in the FTP.scala class)


a front page story outlining a proposal that would create an Upper Missouri Water Supply Consortium that would bring high quality water that would be treated at the City of Williston’s water treatment plant into the western part of McKenzie County, supply portions of the county’s rural system and Watford City.
While the proposal is still very much in its infancy, it is something that the City of Watford City and the McKenzie County Commissioners need to seriously study.
As we all know, there is very little that can be done to greatly improve the quality of water that Watford City is pulling out of the ground and then being treated in an old water treatment plant.
The plus side of forming a partnership between the City of Williston, Williams County,2016–17 Randers FC season

Randers FC is a Danish professional football team based in Randers, which plays in the top-flight Danish Superliga championship. During the 2016-17 campaign they will be competing in the following competitions: Superliga, DBU Pokalen.

Competitions

Superliga

External links

 Official site
 News about Randers FC
 Statistics site

Category:Randers FC
Randers


The Kubota DSM is medium in size and volume, but can spread up to 28 metres and comes with the RotaFlow system as standard. It also comes with 8 vanes per disc for the same spreading quality as the bigger spreaders. The DSM can be equipped with most of the accessories for larger spreaders such as aluminium hopper extensions, TrimFlow for border spreading, parking frame or LED lights.winner... He was a loser... He was a hustler" - THE HUSTLER (1961)

"For Three Men The Civil War Wasn't Hell. It Was Practice!" - THE GOOD, THE BAD, THE UGLY (1966)

"The night HE came home" - HALLOWEEN (1978)

"All the power on earth can't change destiny" - THE GODFATHER PART III


chairman at the FrameStore Group.
The FrameStore Group is a

27/03/2001
NEW MUSIC LIBRARY FROM DIRECTORS CUTS
EXTREME Music, a UK based production company, has joined forces with Media Ventures Entertainment Group, to create a new film score production music library christened Directors Cuts.
The launch of D

27/03/2001
RTE PROMOS GET FOUR NOMINATIONS
RTE programme promotions have been nominated in four categories in the Promax Europe awards.
Promax is an international festival, the Oscars equivalent in the promo world, and RTE were nominated in

27/03/2001
TASTY COMMISSION FOR TWO FOUR PRODUCTIONS
TWO Four Productions have been commissioned by Taste/CFN, formerly Carlton Food Network, to produce ‘Brand Leaders’ - a new series tracing the history of leading food and drink products.
Based in the

26/03/2001
BRITS DRESS TOP OSCAR SUCCESS
RIDLEY Scott’s ‘Gladiator’ may have scooped five awards but the British director failed towith global 24-hour business and financial news network CNBC Europe to distribute programming to audiences in Europe from their London Studio

26/03/2001
PICARDY NAMED IN TOP TEN POST FACILITIES
FOR the seventh consecutive year, Picardy Media Group have been named as one of the Top Ten regional post-production companies in the UK.
Picardy are the only Scottish firm to feature in the Top Ten

26/03/2001
RTE SMOOTH PATH TO REORGANISATION
IN response to a recent reorganisation within RTE, the Irish State broadcaster have announced the opening of a Staff Development Centre.
A new concept in Irish business the Staff Development Centre a

26/03/2001
RUSHES SOHO SHORTS FESTIVAL CALL FOR ENTRIES
RUSHES have made a call for entries for the third Rushes Soho Shorts Festival to be held between July 28 to August 3, 2001.
With the closing date for entries


for the North West of England for a further ten years from April 2001.
The decision follows the ITC’s announcement of

23/03/2001
LANGSDALE APPOINTED HEAD OF BBC TECHNOLOGY
PHILIP Langsdale, currently Director of BBC Distribution and Technology has been appointed Chief Executive of recently approved subsidiary company BBC Technology Limited.
Langsdale’s decision to focu

23/03/2001
MAXON RELEASE CINEMA 4D XL 7 AT CEBIT
AT the CeBIT conference in Hanover, Maxon Computer demonstrated Release 7 of CINEMA 4D XL.
Features shown for the first time included radiosity, caustics and multipass rendering. Radiosity is an adva

23/03/2001
MCMILLAN APPOINTED AS ALIAS|WAVEFRONT RESELLER
MCMILLAN, one of the UK's leading audio visual and production equipment suppliers, have been appointed as new resellers for Alias|Wavefront, an SGI company.
McMillan will represent Alias|Wavefront's

23/03/2001
PICARDY ANNOUNCE INTENTION TO FLOAT
PICARDY Media Group have announced their intention to seek admission toto shoot down a Russian-made Syrian jet, a reminder that outside powers still have intense interest in this arena of conflict.

What to watch: Throw in Turkish forces, various Kurdish groups, surviving Syrian rebels, the remnants of ISIS, ambitious Russians, internal Trump administration tensions over relations with Moscow, an increasingly isolated and frustrated Iranian leadership, and some keenly interested Saudis and there is plenty of suspicion, hostility, and weaponry to keep the region on simmer for the foreseeable future.

Go deeper: Russia wants to push Iran 65 miles from Israel's border in Syria.

Sign up for Signal, a twice-weekly newsletter from GZERO Media, a Eurasia Group company.


was discharged from the Hospital and transferred to a nursing home facility called Hilltop Health Care Center.[2] On or about July 23, 2004, Ms. Mack was transferred to another nursing home facility called Ansted Center. On August 5, 2004, Ms. Mack was returned to the Hospital. Ms. Mack died while at the Hospital on August 9, 2004.[3]
On August 20, 2004, Ms. Evans was appointed the personal representative of her mother's estate. On August 16, 2006, Ms. Evans mailed a Notice of Claim to the Hospital.[4] Ms. Evans mailed a Screening Certificate of Merit to the Hospital on October 12, 2006.[5] On November 17, 2006, Ms. Evans filed a complaint against the Hospital. The complaint against the Hospital alleged personal injury and wrongful death theories of liability.[6]
In March 2009,death, Ms. Evans now contends that she was not aware of what caused Ms. Mack's death until after she was appointed administrator of the estate and obtained the medical records. In contrast, the Hospital contends that Ms. Evans' reliance upon receipt *324 of the medical records is disingenuous. The Hospital asserts that a request for Ms. Mack's medical records was not made until July 25, 2006, and that the records were not turned over until August 18, 2006, which was two days after the Notice of Claim was filed on August 16, 2006.[11] Moreover, Ms. Evans has not alleged the discovery of any new facts after Ms. Mack's death but prior to mailing the Notice of Claim. Under this set of facts, we agree with the Hospital that


did not begin to run on the personal injury claim on the date of Ms. Mack's death. Ms. Evans argues that the statute of limitations on the personal injury claim did not begin to run until she was appointed administrator of Ms. Mack's estate. To support this argument Ms. Evans relies upon the decision in Hoge v. Vintroux, 21 W.Va. 1 (1882).[17]
In Hoge, the administrator of the estate of a decedent, Mary Staton, commenced an equitable proceeding to recover money owed to Mrs. Staton's estate. It appears that Mrs. Staton was adjudged legally insane a few years after the death of her husband and that she was insane at the time of her death. A committee was appointed to handle Mrs. Staton's affairs while she was alive. Aftera committee was appointed to represent Mrs. Staton, the administrator of her husband's estate executed a bond with Mrs. Staton's committee, which allowed the administrator to withhold $2,800 from her husband's estate, but which she was entitled to receive. After Mrs. Staton died, her administrator brought an equitable proceeding to recover the money owed to her estate by her husband's administrator and the bond sureties.[18] The defendants in the proceeding filed motions to dismiss the case because of the absence of indispensable parties and because the action was barred by the statute of limitations. The trial court denied the motions. A judgment was ultimately returned in favor of the plaintiff. The defendants appealed.
The defendants in Hoge argued that the ten-year statute of limitations that was applicable to the


bond proceeding had expired prior to the case being filed. This Court recognized that, at the time the cause of action accrued, Ms. Staton was insane. As a consequence of such insanity, the Court in Hoge held that the action was timely filed:
The plaintiff's intestate in this cause was insane at the time the cause of action arose and so continued to her death; consequently, the statute did not commence to run until her administrator qualified, on July 25, 1859.
This suit having been brought, on the 5th day of October, 1868, less than ten years from the date of the qualification of the plaintiff as administrator of his intestate, the same is not barred by the statute of limitations.
Hoge, 21 W.Va. at 10.[19] The decision in Hoge is1092 (2010). In Martin, a medical malpractice wrongful death claim and a personal injury claim were brought against health care providers by the personal representative of a decedent's estate. The decedent in Martin went into a coma while being treated at a hospital. The decedent died without ever recovering from the coma. The wrongful death and personal injury claims were filed against the health care providers two-years after the death of the decedent. A trial court dismissed the action on the grounds that the two-year statute of limitations began to run on the date the decedent went into a coma, not the date of his death. On appeal, the appellate court reversed.
The appellate court in Martin, addressing the issue of when the statute of limitations began to run


hip replacement surgery. Upon her admission, a physician discovered that Ms. Mack's blood pressure was extremely elevated and ordered that her blood pressure be monitored every four hours. Ms. Mack's medical records, however, indicate that such readings were not recorded on her chart and that the Hospital failed to check her blood pressure as part of her pre-operative anesthesia evaluation. Ms. Mack's doctors, therefore, were unaware of her high blood pressure at the time of surgery. An expert hired by Ms. Mack-Evans to review these records opined that Ms. Mack's blood pressure was so high at the time of her surgery that the procedure should have been postponed. Neither Ms. Mack nor her family was informed of her elevated blood pressure, however, and the surgery proceeded as scheduledon January 29, 2004.
Immediately following surgery, Ms. Mack-Evans visited Ms. Mack and found her semi-conscious and groggy. Unknown to Ms. Mack-Evans, Ms. Mack's blood pressure was beginning to drop. Although a physician attempted to increase her blood pressure with an intravenous push around 5:25 p.m. that day, Ms. Mack's blood pressure continued to drop and remained dangerously low for approximately twelve hours. According to Ms. Mack-Evans' expert, this low blood pressure caused a lack of oxygen to the brain which resulted in a stroke or other brain damage.
The day after surgery, January 30, 2004, the Hospital contacted Ms. Mack-Evans and informed her that they had been unable to awaken Ms. Mack. The nurse who contacted Ms. Mack-Evans admitted that, because Ms. Mack had been pulling at her IVs


as she regained consciousness following surgery, the Hospital had "re-sedated" her and she had not regained consciousness. This conversation led Ms. Mack-Evans to believe that "something was wrong;" specifically, that someone at the hospital had done something wrong by re-sedating her mother.
On February 19, 2004, Ms. Mack was discharged from the Hospital and transferred to the Hilltop Health Care Center nursing home facility ("Hilltop"). While at Hilltop, Ms. Mack suffered from additional illnesses, including a life-threatening urinary tract infection, infected bed sores, malnutrition, severe dehydration and a pus-filled abscess at the site of her feeding tube. On July 23, 2004, Ms. Mack was transferred to another nursing home. On August 5, 2004, she returned to the Hospital, where she died on August 9, 2004. The death certificate listeddiscovery *329 rule prevented the claim from accruing until, at minimum, she was appointed as the personal representative of her mother's estate. She points out that, until her appointment, she was not able to obtain her mother's medical records and, thus, could not have learned through the exercise of reasonable diligence of the causal connection between her mother's death and the hospital's wrongful acts.
In Gaither, a seminal case expanding West Virginia jurisprudence on the nature and scope of the discovery rule, this Court held that a tort claim does not accrue for purposes of the running of the statute of limitations until the plaintiff knows, or should know through the exercise of reasonable diligence, at least three things. 199 W.Va. 706, 487 S.E.2d 901, Syl. Pt. 4. First,


exist as to whether Ms. Mack-Evans knew or should have known of the facts linking the Hospital to her mother's death as of the date her mother died. Indeed, the record indicates that, until her mother's medical records were obtained, Ms. Mack-Evans believed that the Hospital's only potential error was in re-sedating her mother following surgery. Ms. Mack-Evans had no knowledge of the Hospital's alleged failure to track Ms. Mack's blood pressure prior to surgery, nor did she know that a drop in blood pressure following surgery likely caused Ms. Mack to suffer from a stroke or other brain damage.
Moreover, several medical entities besides the Hospital treated Ms. Mack between the date of the surgery and the date of her death. Indeed, by the time Ms. Mack diedwas appointed to represent him. The court in Harper correctly held that the injured person's insanity was not removed until appointment of his mother as committee to handle his affairs. In the instant proceeding, no one was appointed as a committee for Ms. Mack during her period of mental disability. Therefore, Ms. Mack's mental disability was not removed until the day she died.
[18]  The administrator of Mrs. Staton's husband's estate had died, so the action was brought against his estate.
[19]  The opinion went on to reverse the judgment on the grounds that additional defendants had to be added to the case.
[1]  I concur with the majority's holding that the personal injury claim is barred by the statute of limitations, and join with the majority in