exceptionalism?

Supporting Questions

How did American exceptionalism shape American identity in the late 19th century?

What is the enduring impact of the doctrine of American exceptionalism?

Inquiry learning is central to history education. But, what does it mean to do historical inquiry? What types of questions can students investigate? The infographic below highlights five types of historical inquiries. Stay tuned for examples of each type in a folllow-up post.

Nineteen years ago, I wrote my high school senior research paper on the conservatism of the American Revolution. I used primary sources to argue, quite cogently for an 18-year-old, that the "American Revolution was a conservative movement aimed at restoring traditional British rights to the American colonists." Apparently, I was relying heavily on Daniel Boorstin and had not read much of Gordon Wood orBernard Bailyn in high school.

So, was the American Revolution radical or conservative?

The American Revolutionaries' fight for liberty began as a conservative argument for rights as British subjects. However, the more radical nature of the American Revolution is evident when we look beneath the surface at the new argument Americans used to defend their rights: the higher-law principles of consent of the governed and natural rights. This radicalism, however, was tempered by the failure of the American founders to extend political rights to all those who naturally deserved them.

For the British, sovereignty resided with the "King in Parliament." The British government was a hybrid system with medieval elements of a hereditary monarchy and House of Lords. But, it also included a House of Commons, and system of rotten burroughs


in which representation was not proportional to population. Although radical Whigs in Britain began to assert the doctrine of consent, most Whigs and Tories had to agree not to address any such principles of higher law because it would require their entire system to be reworked. They agreed to ignore the problem of consent and pretend the Glorious Revolution was just a moment of inconvenience.

As Americans agitated for their rights, the British continued to defend their system only on the grounds of customs and traditions of British law. In the "Summary of the View of Rights of British Americans," Thomas Jefferson tried to force the British to deal with the higher-order issue of consent. He blamed the King for failing to act as a negative against Parliament. Jeffersonargued that colonial legislatures had equal authority with Parliament and it was the responsibility of the King to use his negative to protect the American colonies. But, of course, there was no such tradition that would allow these kinds of checks. It was only on the basis of higher-law principles of consent that the King could act in such a manner, and the British would not concede a higher law.

Edmund Burke recognized the problems inherent in British taxation of the American colonies. He argued that the British government should stop taxing the Americans because it would continue to raise questions about higher-law principles and point out contradictions in the British system. Nonetheless, the British continued to assert the right, through the Declaratory Act, to do as they wished


such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."

While the ideals of the Declaration and American Revolution were radical, the political realities were far from matching the rhetoric. Although some states outlawed slavery during and immediately after the American Revolution, the Constitution left in place a system of slavery that denied the most basic natural rights to enslaved African Americans. Frederick Douglass pointed out these contradictions in his 1852 speech, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?": "Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! ...The blessings in which youthis day rejoice are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence bequeathed by your fathers is shared by you, not by me. ...This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. ..."

Abolitionists of the 19th century (along with later women's rights and civil rights leaders) understood that the higher-law principles of the Declaration were the true foundation of freedom and equality. Setting out the aims of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833, William Garrison called liberty both an inalienable right and a God-given right. To deny another liberty, he reasoned, infringed upon both the “law of nature” and constituted a “presumptuous transgression of all the holy commandments.” He concluded the same manifesto by affirming the movement’s two


foundational documents: The Declaration of Independence and the Bible. Garrison was critical of the Constitution for its concessions to slavery, especially the Three-Fifths compromise. He regarded this as a betrayal of both republicanism and Christianity.

The Declaration of Independence asserted the high and radical aims of the American Revolution: the Enlightenment principles of consent of the governed and natural rights. But forces of conservatism kept many from enjoying those rights until later generations of radicals led movements for political change.

Rather than recommending a specific bibliography of works worth reading, I find it easier to recommend historians and history educators whose works I have found useful. This is especially true in recent years, as "works" are often in the form of websites, lesson plans, MOOCs, blogs, and tweets, not justDBQs and other works that his students publish through iTunes. Twitter handle: @edteck

Dan McDowell, Grossmont Union HSD, is a former history teacher turned EdTech guru. His websites offer classroom resources for World and U.S. History, as well strategies (and examples) for incorporating educational technology in the social studies classroom. Twitter handle: @danmcdowell

John Fea, Messiah College, is a historian who specializes in the history of Christianity in America. Fea fights through the culture wars to present a balanced look at the role of Christianity in America, especially in the American founding. Twitter handle: @John Fea1

I recently came across my old filmstrip collection, which I believe has now officially passed from audio-visual aid to historic artifact. Most of the filmstrips are accompanied by a cassette tape that beeps as a


and who declared, after a lefty jury acquitted him, that he was "guilty as sin, free as a bird." After that, he went on to a life of left-ifying the country's public schools and collecting honors. Boudin's step-mom, Bernardine Dorhn, meanwhile, praised the Manson family murders for their sadism: "First they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they even shoved a fork into the pig Tate's stomach! Wild!" she famously said.

As for his real relatives, well, gramps was Fidel Castro's lawyer. His mom, Kathy Boudin, went to the can as a Weatherman, too, caught for murdering a black police officer during a Brink's robbery and yelling she did it because racism. As for his real pop, well, he's still inCubans at a young age, based on his family "heritage," and then who made his bones as one of Hugo Chávez's most prominent defenders, writing books about the glories of the Bolivarian revolution. It wasn't just that, though — it was going to Caracas spending time with Chávez himself, working as his "adviser" and "translator" in countering the Americans. One wonders if he ever registered as a foreign agent for that one.

Those glories he touted as he propagandized for Chávez included the odor of his own family's heritage, violence, and in Venezuela that meant his own guerrilla training by Chavista thugs known as colectivos, the motorcycle thugs he calls "non-violent" even in his recent writings, and which his adopted dad still praises in his blog posts. Naturally, he's


a follower of Colombia's allied FARC Marxist narco-terrorists on his Twitter feed, the new, supposedly peace-loving FARC, which it isn't. Venezuelans tell me he's been photographed with an assault rifle during his guerrilla training in Venezuela and has conveniently scrubbed those photos from the internet now. He follows a guy on Twitter called "CornPop's Switchblade" who openly advocates for killing bankers.

In short, he's the privileged princeling son of the most radical of the radical chic of the 1960s, now running as the candidate of the working man on a Democratic Socialists of America–Justice Democrats "squad model," promising to empty the prisons — err, "end mass incarceration" — and open the borders.

Just what San Francisco needs, given the needles, junkies, and huge-scale retail theft (no one gets busted ifSan Francisco (CNN Business) Twitter (TWTR) CEO Jack Dorsey's account on the site was hacked Friday, and he may have fallen victim to a vulnerability that Twitter has previously been warned about and repeatedly denied was a problem.

For about 20 minutes on Friday afternoon, Dorsey's account tweeted a series of racist and otherwise offensive tweets. Twitter quickly acknowledged that someone had hacked the account, and said it was now secure

The tweets appear to have been sent not by hacking Dorsey's actual account, but by the hacker or hackers convincing Twitter's systems that they had his phone and were texting the tweets to his account. It's likely the hacker or hackers wouldn't even have needed Dorsey's password, or ever been prompted for it.

The tweets were labeled as posted by


gas emissions, and create a more sustainable environment,” the report found.

A total of 1,034 parking spaces are available through the program, with employees paying through deductions from their biweekly paychecks.

At the same time hundreds of DC employees pay $140 a month to park at work, hundreds more pay nothing for their parking spots. There are 1,339 free spaces at 36 buildings leased by the DC government. In addition, 151 spaces are free to DC councilmembers and other employees at the John A. Wilson Building on Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Another 232 free parking spaces are at the Unified Communications Center, which houses 911 operators and others who work at the facility on Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE.

Only DC’s 13 councilmembers are allowed to park on the block ofthe District’s heavy traffic congestion is due to the high number of commuters using private vehicles to commute into the city every day and as of 2011, vehicles accounted for 21 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the District. Consequently, the [Sustainable DC] plan included transportation goals that targeted reducing car commuting. The DC Council passed the Sustainable DC Omnibus Act of 2013 which included the goal of reducing single occupancy vehicle use.”

Free and subsidized parking is at odds with DC's goals of reducing traffic congestion; encouraging commuting by transit, walking, and biking; and decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. If the District really wants to move toward a more sustainable future, it needs stop paying for driving and incentivize transit, bicycling, and walking instead.


NASA astronaut Scott Kelly (bottom left) and Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka (bottom center) and Mikhail Kornienko (bottom right) are seen on the International Space Station after arriving at the outpost on March 27, 2015. Kelly and Kornienko are beginning a one-year mission to the station. In the top row are (from left): Samantha Cristoforetti of ESA, Anton Shkaplerov of Russia and Terry Virts of NASA.

Three new crewmembers just arrived at the International Space Station, and two of them won't be leaving for about one year.

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko are expected to spend about 342 days living and working on the International Space Station — marking the orbiting outpost's first yearlong space mission. Cosmonaut Gennady Padalka also joined Kornienko and Kelly on the Russian Soyuzspacecraft that docked with the space station at 8:33 p.m. EDT (0033 GMT). Padalka will stay on the space station for about six months, the usual amount of time people live on the space laboratory.

The Soyuz spacecraft carrying NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko and Gennady Padalka is seen by a camera on the International Space Station during docking operations on March 27, 2015. Kelly and Kornienko are beginning a nearly 12-month mission in space. (Image credit: NASA TV)

The Soyuz spacecraft launched from Kazakhstan's Baikonur Cosmodrome in central Asia at 3:42 p.m. EDT (1942 GMT) today (March 27). The hatches between the docked Soyuz and space station opened at 11:33 p.m. EDT (0333 March 28 GMT), allowing the three crewmembers to float into their new


home. [The One-Year Space Mission: Full Coverage]

NASA astronaut Mark Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko are taking the ultimate space trip: one year in space on the International Space Station. See how their epic yearlong space station mission works in this infographic (Image credit: By Karl Tate, Infographics Artist)

For Kelly and Kornienko, the arrival at the space station marks the beginning of an unprecedented endurance space mission by NASA and Russia's Federal Space Agency. During a live video connection with Russia's mission control center near Moscow, the two men said they were excited now that their journey was underway.

"We're going to be up here for a long time, but I couldn't be doing it with a better guy," Kelly said.

NASA's Terry Virts, European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti,A director in a famed theatre family. A celebrated actress of the 1950s who worked too little on the stage. A character man who would play a TV martian. An African-American actress who broke boundaries. An impish actor known for light comedy and serious drama on stage and screen.

A director in a famed theatre family. A celebrated actress of the 1950s who worked too little on the stage. A character man who would play a TV martian. An African-American actress who broke boundaries. An impish actor known for light comedy and serious drama on stage and screen.

The deaths of William Hammerstein, Kim Stanley, Ray Walston, Gloria Foster and Jack Lemmon made headlines on Playbill On-Line in 2001, and as the year draws to a close we reflect back


on the varied human losses the theatre suffered in the past year. Those who passed in the last 12 months include lyricist Joe Darion, actor Carroll O'Connor, composer Albert Hague, arranger-orchestrators Ralph Burns and Jack Elliott, actresses Kathleen Freeman and Beatrice Straight, director Herbert Ross, and more.

(After this piece went to bed before the New Year holiday, it was announced that veteran actress Eileen Heckart had died Dec. 31 after a battle with cancer, at age 82.)

Whether their work was seen locally, regionally, nationally or around the world, the writers, producers, advocates, actors, composers, musicians, lyricists, directors, technicians and designers of the following list contributed to the welfare of the art form that keeps us thinking, laughing and crying.

This necrology was culled from the pages of the pastyear of Playbill On Line, but is by no means meant to be a complete list of the countless theatre people who left us — and left us inspired — in 2001. *

• Eileen Heckart, 82, the gravel-voiced character actress remembered for recreating her stage performance of a grieving mother in the film, "The Bad Seed," and playing an ailing grandmother in Off-Broadway's The Waverly Gallery in 2000 (it was her stage farewell, and she earned a Special Tony Award that year, for career acheivement), Dec. 31, after a battle with cancer, in Connecticut.

• Sir Nigel Hawthorne, 72, British actor known for TV's "Yes, Minister," the film, "The Madness of King George" (and the play which inspired it, The Madness of King George III) and London and Broadway's


Shadowlands, Dec. 26, of a heart attack.

• Lester Persky, 76, a producer who got Tennessee Williams' Slapstick Tragedy on the Broadway stage in 1966 and later produced film versions of the stage hits Equus and Hair, Dec. 16 of complications from heart surgery.

• Roy Brocksmith, 56, a versatile New York and regional character actor (with credits at the Guthrie Theatre, The Public Theater and Lincoln Center Theater) who also tried his hand at directing and playwriting and founded a regional theatre (California Cottage Theatre), Dec. 16 in Los Angeles after a long battle with diabetes.

• Rachel Gurney, 81, the British actress who appeared in Broadway's Breaking the Code and The Dresser, but more widely known as the Edwardian matriarch, Lady Marjorie, on TV's "Upstairs, Downstairs."

• Marlene Rasnick, 57,an improv theatre actress, director and teacher who created her own works and became widely known as a spokesperson for the medicinal use of marijuana after she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, Nov. 18, in Los Angeles.

• Gardner McKay, 69, an actor plucked from obscurity to star in TV's "Adventures in Paradise," but who later became distinguished as the author of one of regional theatre's most popular plays, Sea Marks, Nov. 21 in Honolulu, after a battle with prostate cancer.

• Ralph Burns, 79, the Tony Award-winning orchestrator who helped bring the brassy, tinny sound to the Broadway musical, Chicago, and the jubilant roar to Funny Girl, Nov. 21 of complications from a stroke and pneumonia.

• Albert Hague, 81, the Tony Award-winning composer who wrote music for the Gwen


Verdon vehicle, Redhead, and Plain and Fancy, and later found acting fame as Prof. Shorofsky in the film and TV series, "Fame," Nov. 12 in a California hospital.

• Peggy Mount, 86, West End actress known for battleaxe roles on stage and screen and work with the Royal Shakespeare Company.

• Edward Padula, 85, the Tony Award-winning producer of Bye Bye Birdie, Nov. 1 of a heart attack suffered during a reading of a new play he had written.

• Anthony Shaffer, 75, the playwright (and twin of Peter Shaffer) who won a 1971 Tony Award for his delicious theatrical thriller, Sleuth, and wrote the film "The Wicker Man," which he was adapting for the stage, Nov. 6 in London, of a heart attack.

• Diana van der Vlis, 66, Toronto-born actresswho earned a Tony Award nomination playing a young heiress in The Happiest Millionaire in 1956-57, Oct. 22 in a Missoula, MT, hospital.

• John Springer, 85, the gracious, respected veteran New York City press agent who represented Broadway shows, films and legendary figures of the stage and screen (Garland, Burton, Taylor, Bacall, among others) for over 40 years, Oct. 30 of congestive heart failure at New York Hospital.

• Ruth Goetz, 89, the co-writer of Broadway's The Heiress, the popular psychological romance based on Henry James' "Washington Square," Oct. 12 at the Actors' Fund Home in Englewood, NJ.

• Herbert Ross, 74, the Broadway choreographer who would become a director (Broadway's Chapter Two) and helm a clutch of Neil Simon movies, plus the dance-related "Footloose" and "The Turning Point," Oct.


9 of heart failure.

• Norris Houghton, 92, a designer, educator, author, producer and director, one of the major figures of the early days of Off-Broadway, when he co-founded the nonprofit Phoenix Theatre in 1953, Oct. 9 in Manhattan.

• Edmund J. Cambridge, 80, an actor and director who staged Lonne Elder II's Ceremonies in Dark Old Men Off-Broadway in 1969 and helped found the Negro Ensemble Company, Aug. 18 in New York City.

• Tommy Hollis, the Broadway actor who was a strong voiced Booker T. Washington of Broadway's Ragtime, and a veteran of August Wilson's The Piano Lesson and Seven Guitars, Sept. 13 of heart attack in New York City (his death was originally reported by colleagues as Sept. 9).

• Don Nelsen, 75, a writer and critic for theNew York Daily News for the better part of four decades, Sept. 9.

• Barbara Matera, 72, a costume maker whose career spanned five decades and included the founding of the costume shop, Barbara Matera, Ltd., in 1968, Sept. 12 of a cerebral hemorrhage in Manhattan.

• Kathleen Freeman, 82, the crusty and lovable character actress who was Tony Award-nominated for The Full Monty and leaves behind scores of film roles, Aug. 23, of lung cancer, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan.

• Jack Elliott, 74, a Hollywood conductor, composer and arranger — and a Broadway orchestrator and dance arranger for such musicals as Fiorello! and Tenderloin — Aug. 18 of a brain tumor.

• Kim Stanley, 76, the widely-admired, Tony Award-nominated actress who distinguished herself in the 1950s in William Inge's


Picnic and Bus Stop on Broadway, and earned two Academy Award nominations, Aug. 20 in Sante Fe, NM, after a long illness.

• Sally Gracie, 80, a film, TV and Broadway actress once married to actor Rod Steiger, Aug. 13 in her Manhattan home.

• Betty Cashman, 90, an actress, acting coach and public speaking teacher (known for Betty Cashman Drama Studios) who worked with stars of the stage, screen and political arena, Aug. 15 in New York City.

• Dame Dorothy Tutin, 70, the British actress who played stage and screen roles over a 50-year career (she was Goneril to Olivier's Lear in a 1984 TV production), Aug. 6 of leukemia in London.

• Christopher Hewett, 80, the affable British actor who played Captain Hook to Sandy Duncan's Broadway Peter Panin 1979-80, and who was TV's "Mr. Belvedere," Aug. 3 at his Los Angeles home.

• Steve Barton, the American actor-singer who had a vibrant stage career in Europe and originated the role of Raoul in The Phantom of the Opera in London and also sang it — and, eventually, the title role — on Broadway, July 21 in Germany, of suicide.

• Sylvia Williams, 59, the actress who starred as “Big Bertha” Williams in Vernel Bagneris’ musical One Mo’ Time, July 17 in New Orleans, after a battle with cancer.

• Dama Frances Lumley Bell, 95, a longtime Stratford, Ontario, resident who championed the founding of the Stratford theatre festival and later became a board member and tireless advocate, July 6.

• Scott Merrill, 82, the actor who played the lead


role of Macheath in the legendary 1954 Off-Broadway production of Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht's Threepenny Opera, June 28 in Branford, CT.

• Lowell Matson, 79, the director-professor who founded the theatre department at Staten Island's Wagner College, a breeding ground for Broadway talent, June 8 of a brain aneurysm in Valhalla, NY.

• Jack Gwillim, the British stage actor who was Col. Pickering in the 1981 Rex Harrison revival of My Fair Lady, July 2 at the age of 91, in Los Angeles.

• Jack Lemmon, 76, the affable, sweet-faced actor known for such films as "Some Like It Hot" and "The Apartment," and a 1985 Broadway revival of Long Day’s Journey Into Night (which earned him a Tony nomination), June 27 of cancer.

• Mario Joaquin Torres, 30, a pastcast member with the New York and touring productions of Stomp, June 20 in an accidental drowning in Amsterdam.

• John Herbert, 74, the Canadian playwright whose gay-themed Fortune and Men's Eyes was an Off Broadway sensation that became known around the world, June 22 at his Toronto home.

• Carroll O'Connor, 76, the Broadway and film actor who was best known for playing the bigoted Archie Bunker on TV’s controversial sitcom, "All in the Family," and a number of stage roles, including his own play, A Certain Labor Day, June 21 of a heart attack in Los Angeles.

• Joe Darion, 90, the Tony Award-winning lyricist of Man of La Mancha, one of the major international hits from the American musical theatre, June 16 in New Hampshire.

• Jerry Sterner, 62,


the playwright who had one of the biggest Off-Broadway hits of the 1980s with Other People's Money, June 11, of a heart attack at his home in Brooklyn.

• Anthony Quinn, 86, the bull-like film actor who scored a Broadway stage smash in a 1983 revival of the musical, Zorba, June 3 of respiratory failure in a Boston hospital.

• Arlene Francis, 93, the buoyant, likable actress who worked in the theatre, in movies and on television and radio, and was a staple of the popular TV game show "What's My Line?" for a quarter century, May 31 at a hospital in San Francisco.

• Imogene Coca, 92, the comedienne who convulsed audiences with laughter on early television's "Your Show of Shows," and in Broadway’s On the Twentieth Century, for whichshe was nominated for a Tony Award, June 2 in her residence in Fairfield County, CT.

• Francis Ruivivar, 40, a Hong Kong native of Chinese Filipino descent who made Broadway history as the first Asian-American performer to be cast in the role of The Engineer in the musical, Miss Saigon, May 23 in Las Vegas, after a battle with leukemia.

• Loften Mitchell, 82, the African-American playwright, librettist and author who was Tony Award-nominated for the book of the 1976 revue, Bubbling Brown Sugar, May 14 in Queens, NY.

• Susannah McCorkle, 55, a cabaret singer who interpreted show tunes, jazz and American pop in nightspots and on records, May 19 in Manhattan, of suicide.

• Jonathan Bixby, 41, a Broadway, Off-Broadway and regional costume designer currently represented by the New


York musical, Urinetown, April 29 of colon cancer.

• Jason Miller, 62, the playwright who won the Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize for That Championship Season, May 13 in Scranton, PA, following a massive heart attack.

• Sam Sapienza, 71, proprietor of the popular Broadway theatre district restaurant, Sam's, May 3 on the same Manhattan street — 45th — where the eatery under his name served tourists, theatregoers and theatre people since 1988.

• Fred Alley, and actor, lyricist and book writer whose Richard Rodgers Award-winning musical, The Spitfire Grill, would have its New York premiere in fall 2001, and co-founder of American Folklore Theatre, May 1, in Door County, WI, of an undiagnosed heart ailment.

• Otis L. Guernsey Jr., 82, longtime chronicler of American theatre as editor of the "BestPlays" series, May 2 of pancreatic cancer, at his home in Woodstock, VT.

• Maria Karnilova, 80, the former ballet dancer and character actress who landed choice roles in Broadway musicals, including playing Tevye's wife, Golde, in Fiddler on the Roof, April 20 in Manhattan.

• Jack Haley Jr., 67, the film producer-director and former husband of Liza Minnelli who paid homage to MGM's golden age by helming "That's Entertainment!" in 1974, April 21 of respiratory failure, in California.

• Bob Bogdanoff, 54, artistic director and the resident director of Jan McArt's Royal Palm Festival Dinner Theatre in South Florida for 24 years, April 17 in New York City after the onset of colon cancer.

• Michael Ritchie, 62, the noted film director ("Smile," "The Candidate," "The Fantasticks") who first made his


mark in the work of entertainment by directing the initial production of Arthur Kopit's Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad, April 16 of prostate cancer.

• Beatrice Straight, 86, a Tony Award-winning Broadway actress (for The Crucible) who was born into high society but stayed linked to classics, new plays and roles in motion pictures ("Network"), April 7 in North Ridge, CA.

• Arthur Cantor, 81, the Broadway and Off-Broadway producer who put A Thousand Clowns, The Tenth Man, Beau Jest and On Golden Pond on the New York boards, April 8 of a heart attack in New York City.

• Brother Theodore, 94, the pitch-dark comic Off-Off Broadway monologuist with white hair who became widely known for his appearances on DavidLetterman's TV show, April 5 in Manhattan.

• Joseph Leon, 82, the Broadway, TV and film actor who took on the title role in Arnold Wesker's The Merchant on the road and on Broadway after the death of original star Zero Mostel, March 25 in Florida.

• Norman Rodway, 72, a longtime actor with the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, March 13 in Oxfordshire, following a stroke.

• Glenna Syse, 73, a respected Chicago theatre critic who covered arts and entertainment for the Sun-Times over three decades, March 4, of a brain tumor.

• Lee Winston, 60, an actor and singer who appeared in Broadway's 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and Carmelina, as well as operas, tours and regional productions, March 17 of an apparent heart attack.

• Peggy Converse, 95, an actress who appeared on Broadway


and throughout North America in stock and touring productions (on a thousand stages), March 2 in her Los Angeles home.

• Ann Sothern, 92, the versatile actress and singer of musical comedy, movies and two early television sitcoms, March 15 at her home in Ketchum, Idaho.

• Edward Winter, 63, the Tony Award-nominated actor of the original Cabaret and Promises, Promises, and of TV's "M*A*S*H," March 8 in Woodland Hills, CA, of Parkinson's Disease.

• William Hammerstein, 82, the director and producer who was the eldest child of Oscar Hammerstein II, and directed the 1979 Broadway revival of his father's Oklahoma!, March 9 of complications following a stroke suffered Jan. 6.

• Portia Nelson, 80, the actress, cabaret singer and songwriter whose tunes were celebrated in the award winning Manhattan cabaret show,This Life, in fall 2000, March 6 at her Manhattan home.

• Radie Harris, 96, one of the last of the old-style showbiz columnists — she wrote the "Broadway Ballyhoo" column for The Hollywood Reporter — of the kind typified by Walter Winchell, Feb. 23 at a hospital in Englewood, NJ.

• Stanley Kramer, 87, the film director who helmed the movie versions of "Judgment at Nuremberg" and "Inherit the Wind," Feb. 19 of pneumonia, at the Motion Picture & Television Hospital in Woodland Hills, CA.

• Richard Woods, 77, a stage actor with a long list of Broadway credits, including Deathtrap, Sail Away, Coco and more, Jan. 16 in Englewood, NJ.

• Sandy Baron, 64, the Broadway, TV and film actor who was also a stand-up comic, whose credits included Tchin-Tchin,


One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Arturo Ui, Generation and the title role, Lenny Bruce, in Lenny, Jan. 21 at a Los Angeles nursing home.

• Freddy Wittop, 89, the Netherlands-born costume designer who won a Tony Award for creating the parade of "Sunday clothes," and more, in Hello, Dolly!, Feb. 2 after a brief illness, in Atlantis, FL.

• L. Robert Charles, 72, the general sales director for Playbill magazine and a 30-year veteran of the magazine's advertising sales staff, Feb. 10 in Manhattan after a battle with cancer.

• David Heneker, 94, the British lyricist and composer who wrote songs for Half a Sixpence and Irma La Douce, musicals that were part of the 1960s British invasion of American-dominated musical theatre, Jan. 30 in Wales.

• Harvey J. Klaris, 61,a lawyer and investment banker who was a producer of Broadway's Nine and The Tap Dance Kid, and a former co-owner of Sardi's restaurant, Jan. 12 of heart failure.

• Al Waxman, 65, the actor and director who distinguished himself at the Stratford Festival in Ontario and was known for TV's "Cagney & Lacey," Jan. 17 after surgery in Toronto.

• Stan Freeman, 80, the theatre composer, performer and musical director who was co-lyricist and composer for Broadway's I Had a Ball and Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen, Jan. 13, in his Hollywood home, of complications from emphysema.

• Edward Mangum, 87, longtime Director of Theater at St. Edward's University in Texas, who helped found Arena Stage in Washington, D.C., in 1950, Jan. 10 at the South Austin Medical Center in Austin,


TX.

• Michael Williams, 65, the distinguished British stage and television actor ("A Fine Romance") and husband of actress Dame Judi Dench, Jan. 11 at his London home after a long bout with cancer.

• Ray Walston, 86, the actor who made a charming devil in Broadway's Damn Yankees, a scowling seabee named Luther Billis in South Pacific (on stage and in the film version) and a quirky alien in TV's "My Favorite Martian," Jan. 1, after a short illness.during high tide so Mike could take pictures of the surfers. He couldn't find any to photograph, but I took off up the ocean line on a long hike until I found some awesome shots for him. The ocean is a deep blue and the locals that frequent the backside of the beaches include native Hawaiians and hippies that bare it all. Mike fretted about passing the "naky's", as I like to call them, on our way to shoot the surfers. Once Mike set up his camera I settled into a hillside and breathed in the beautiful ocean air. I sat there for about an hour admiring Mike taking pictures. There were "naky" little kids running about, and all the surfers in the water, and many others just


walking around. After awhile the locals began to approach Mike asking if he was selling the pictures he was taking. They seemed to be very interested in his shots, and with reason. His shots are incredible, and I think they could tell he knew what he was doing.

Our studio is in up country and we are secluded from the normal tourist area.........so I love it. It's very me, and I am so happy to be here. There windows outlining the entire studio so we can see the ocean from one side, and the mountains from the other side. I am able to text and call my family on a continuous basis which makes me feel so much more relaxed. Everyone relaxes in their own way, and staying inSprings, Arkansas ("Bank"). The motion is brought pursuant to an adversary proceeding involving two hearings in the Bankruptcy Court. Cross and the Bank of Eureka Springs were named as party defendants in this adversary proceeding, and Kleck was a witness called on behalf of Cross and the Bank at one of the hearings.
The motion alleges that Kleck, Cross and the Bank committed fraud on the Bankruptcy Court by testifying falsely in the proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court concerning the appropriate scope of the discharge injunction as it applied to a criminal proceeding. The criminal proceeding was initiated against the Debtor by the State of Arkansas at the insistence of the Bank after the Debtor's discharge was granted.
Kleck, Cross and the Bank responded to the motion by denying that


the land for cattle raising.
Experiencing financial setbacks, the Debtor defaulted on the promissory note and mortgage in December 1996. On June 11, 1997, the Debtor filed for bankruptcy relief under the provisions of chapter 7 and subsequently received a discharge. In 1997, the Bank foreclosed on the collateral. In the spring of 1998, the Bank met with the deputy prosecuting attorney of Carroll County and filed a criminal complaint arising out of the Debtor's harvesting timber and other acts not relevant to this motion for sanctions. The Debtor requested the Bankruptcy Court to issue a temporary restraining order halting the criminal prosecution. In a hearing before the Honorable Robert F. Fussell on June 23, 1998, Kleck was called as a witness to testify. Following the hearing, the Debtor'sSee Bank of Eureka Springs v. Evans, ___ Ark. ___, 109 S.W.3d 672, 2003 WL 21290919 (2003) (Thornton, J., dissenting).
After the award of judgment, the Debtor filed this motion for sanctions against Kleck, Cross, and the Bank, alleging that Kleck and Cross testified falsely at the two bankruptcy court hearings with regard to the timber cut on the mortgaged property. The Debtor argued in his motion that their testimony contradicted statements they made later at the criminal trial.
A hearing on the matter took place on April 17, 2003, after which the Court took the matter under advisement. The transcripts of testimony given at the two previous bankruptcy hearings on June 23, 1998, and November 15, 1999, were made a part of the record. Additionally, excerpts from testimony given


Bankruptcy Court on November 15, 1999. At no time in the criminal trial or the first bankruptcy trial did Kleck testify that he gave the Debtor permission to cut timber. This allegation is untrue.
The second allegation is that Kleck testified at the criminal trial that he knew that the plaintiff had paid part of the proceeds of the timber cut to the Bank. This allegation is untrue. Kleck denied knowing about the Debtor's sister presenting a check stating it was from proceeds of the sale of the timber cut off the land. (Pl.'s Pre-Trial Submissions, Ex. B, June 28, 2000 Tr. at 34.) He said he did not know for a fact that timber proceeds were deposited into the loan account although he did not dispute Mrs. Worley'shad no knowledge that the timber was being cut while at the criminal trial he stated the Bank knew the timber was being cut. This allegation is also untrue. At the criminal trial, Kleck denied having a conversation with anyone bringing him knowledge that the timber was being cut from the 1120 acres until late summer or early fall of 1995. (Pl.'s Pre-Trial Submissions, Ex. B, June 28, 2000 Tr. at 34.) He said he had only heard through a third party of timber cutting taking place and had no direct knowledge of the occurrence. (Pl.'s Pre-Trial Submissions, Ex. B, June 28, 2000 Tr. at 34.)
At the bankruptcy hearing, Kleck stated he was not aware of a specific timber cut (June 23, 1998 Hr'g, Tr. at 137.) He


question. The allegation that he did so is false.
The second allegation is that Cross admitted he had knowledge of the timber cut in his testimony at the criminal trial. This allegation is not time-specific; obviously Cross became aware at some point in time that the timber had been cut. He denied at the criminal trial learning about the timber cut in 1995; he said he probably learned about it in January 1997. At the November 15, 1999 hearing before the Bankruptcy Court, Cross testified that he could not remember the date he discovered when the timber was cut. (Nov. 15, 1999 Hr'g, Tr. at 51.) Cross was never asked at the bankruptcy hearing on November 15, 1999, if he knew the timber was being cut while the cuttingwas being done, and Cross did not testify at the previous Bankruptcy Court hearing on June 23, 1998 before Judge Fussell.
The third allegation is that Cross testified at the criminal trial that he knew that less than all of the proceeds from the timber cut would be applied to the loan. This allegation is completely false. The only testimony at the criminal trial on this issue was that Cross testified that it was contemplated that proceeds from the sale of the timber cut were intended to pay back part of the loan. (Pl.'s Pre-Trial Submissions, Ex. A, June 28, 2000 Tr. at 50). There were no questions asked Cross about whether he knew that less than all of the timber proceeds were going to be applied to the


Many people still believe the Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus) survives in the wilds of Tasmania, even though the species was declared extinct over eighty years ago. Sightings and reports of the elusive carnivorous marsupial, which was the top predator on the island, pop-up almost as frequently as those of Bigfoot in North America, but to date no definitive evidence has emerged of its survival. Yet, a noted cryptozoologist (one who searches for hidden animals), Dr. Karl Shuker, wrote recently that tiger hunters should perhaps turn their attention to a different island: New Guinea.

The Tasmanian tiger, also known as the thylacine, once populated much of Tasmanian and mainland Australiawhere it is also still searched forbut few know that the animal was present on New Guinea as well. Its prehistoricpresence there first came to light in 1960 when archeologists discovered the lower jaw of a Tasmanian tiger.

"Further confirmed fossil remains, dating at over 2 million years old, have subsequently been found on New Guinea; and also in later years, unconfirmed sightings of thylacine-like beasts have been reported from both Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Irian Jaya (the western, Indonesian half of New Guinea)," Shuker told mongabay.com.

While Tasmanian tigers are believed to have died out in New Guinea at the end of the Pleistocene, Shuker believes there's a chance a population still survives on the mountainous island, which contains some of the world's least-explored terrestrial habitats.

"New Guinea, especially Irian Jaya, is far less well-explored than either Tasmania or mainland Australia, as confirmed for instance by recent expeditions to


Papaua New Guinea in search of [the Tasmanian tiger], or in search of preserved relics of it in native villages." Some possible starting places: the forests around Mount Giluwe in Papua New Guinea's Southern Highlands and those surrounding Puncak Jaya in Indonesian New Guinea.

In fact, new conservation technologies and techniques could make determining the status of the Tasmanian tiger in New Guinea easy, at least compared to a few decades ago. Remote camera traps have been employed worldwide to document rare and cryptic forest animals, including even playing a role in discovering new species. According to local people, the mysterious dobsegna are incredibly wary and stay hidden during the day, making remote camera traps an optimal tool for confirming this animal's extinction. Another more recent breakthrough in conservationcats in North America, how they successfully maintain a population, with densities of one per square mile or even less...

“...Thylacinus cynocephalus, Greek for “dog-headed pouched one”) was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times. It is commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger (because of its striped back) or the Tasmanian wolf.[6] Native to continental Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea, it is thought to have become extinct in the 20th century. It was the last extant member of its family, Thylacinidae; specimens of other members of the family have been found in the fossil record dating back to the early Miocene...

Recently a new large predator the Fosa was found somewhere, anyone remember that one. Also, I think in southern Australia, a 12,000 year old find of a not


very sapien looking human was found called the Kow Marsh human. I saw one of their skulls in the new evolution exhibit at the Smithsonian identified as a homo sapien. I looked a lot more like a Heidelbergensis, not even a Neanderthal. If you go to to exhibit it is in the lower right hand corner of the wall of skulls.

[snip] The Kow Swamp archaeological site comprises a series of late Pleistocene burials within the lunette of the eastern rim of a former lake known as Kow Swamp. The site is located 10 km south-east of Cohuna in the central Murray Valley, in northern Victoria... The site is significant for archaeological excavations by Alan Thorne between 1968 and 1972 which recovered the partial skeletal remains of more thanDenisovanslikely roamed Asia for thousands of years, probably interbreeding occasionally with humans like you and me, according to a new genetic study.

In fact, living Pacific islanders in Papua New Guinea may be distant descendants of these prehistoric pairings, according to new analysis of DNA from a girl's 40,000-year-old pinkie bone, found in Siberian Russia's Denisova cave.

The Latest from the Denisovian Cave work has found fossils and DNA from three different human species. Moderns, Neanderthal and Denisovans.

Futher DNA work on the Denisovians indicate that they bred with Neanderthals and some moderns living in New Guinea and Australia but few others...none of their DNA is found outside the above mentioned areas.

Disclaimer:
Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual
posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic


His letter he wrote to Homer was just hilarious. Lisa trying to teach Bart philosophical meanings, Homer encouraging Bart, and Bart's response to it was great. Homer constantly teasing Flanders and having to walk around in the dress at the end was just so funny. "Oh my God! He's enjoying it!" Overall, a great episode with satire and hilarity.A++

VERY memorable! I loved this episode. Sure, Homer is an annoying jerk, but this is his character! As above, a great plot, spot-on characterisation and overall, a very funny episode. Not hilariously funny, but "lots of giggling" funny. Great lines, and some more in-depth peeks into Ned Flanders' character.

I give it a 3/5. It was kind of dull, like a few of the season two episodes, but it was stilla jerkass; he's angry, in a completely believable way, even if he can't explain why. That's how Homer is.

As was said, this episode defined the rivalry between Homer and Ned. Some funny moments, like the ending with the two of them mowing each other's lawns in their wives' Sunday dresses. The episode was also dull at points, bringing the grade down. Overall, a good episode but not great. 8/10.

A very unassuming episode. Behind this relatively simple, conventional plotline, this episode is packed full of many classic and defining moments that guarantees it an A range grade. This is the episode that defines Ned's behavior. He isn't a perfect Christian here because of some mental conditioning for being spanked for a year. He's striving to be the perfect Christian


stood at parade rest. Their officers were in breastplate and helmet, _katanas_ sloped back over their shoulders, sweating in the damp heat of Ur's riverside.

_Karum,_ Ian reminded himself, which meant not only dockside but the association of merchants. _Sometimes I think my head is going to explode with all the things I have to remember._

A huge, chattering crowd was held at bay by royal guardsmen, their spears jabbing a little occasionally to remind the common folk to keep their distance. The people looked much like twentieth-century Iraqis. Shorter, of course—nearly everyone was, in this century—dark of hair and eye, skin a natural olive that turned a deep bronze when exposed to this pitiless sun. The men wore kilts, or knee-length tunics, or longer robes; hats were shaped likeconsidering look, up and down. _Fiernan Bohulugi,_ he though; they were even bolder than Amurrukan women, in some ways. _And she works for Leaton. Works at the Bessemer casting plant._

The king was _very_ interested in the place that made cast steel for cannon. There was a general description of the process in one of the books the palace had, but experiments had produced nothing but disaster and unusable spongy metal. Walker had been curiously unhelpful as well.

"Why not?" the woman said. "You get a thirst, pouring steel."

Marian Alston-Kurlelo stepped back from the pump handle, working her fingers and then wiping a forearm across her forehead. _Hell, at least I don't have to be afraid of sunburn._ Poor Heather had to watch that carefully in these latitudes, or she


or something like that."

"The _telestai_ squeeze the peasants fairly hard," Alice objected.

"Yeah, but the barons don't _employ_ them. The peasants manage their own land and hand over a share of what they grow. The artisans were all contractors, except for the slave women working the looms. There just isn't a hired labor force available. The only way to get big groups of people doing unfamiliar things under supervision in this setup is slavery—only way to get them working regularly to clocktime, too; they just purely hate that. Not that I've got anything _against_ slavery, but mainly it's a management tool. But you've got to have a carrot as well as the stick. Manumission's a safety valve."

"I don't understand it; you're the one who enslaved them in the _first_great pity your son was killed by accident—doubtless the gods required the sacrifice."

Agamemnon squared his shoulders, and suddenly he was no longer a fat old man weeping before a triumphant enemy. " Better he should die in battle than live as your slave, outlander."

"My father-in-law is distraught in his grief," Walker said loudly. _My father-in-law was making a break for it to raise a revolt against his_ lawagetas, he thought, but the dynastic reminder would make the Achaeans happier.

He saw a few nods at that; Walker's infant son by Iphigenia would have as good a claim to the throne as anyone, now. He went on:

"Or he would not speak so of the father of his grandson. Come, my lord—we must return to Mycenae and arrange the funeral games."

"The


the palace workers; that wasn't supposed to happen, but he wasn't going to turn them away, particularly the children. _I feel like someone trying to sweep back the ocean with a broom,_ he thought helplessly, then forced himself to optimism. _Azzu-ena is learning—Christ, is she learning! And she isn't the only one._

The Babylonian was taking notes, too, preparing a handbook in her native tongue—diagnosis and treatment of the most common ills, especially the ones that could be handled with local resources.

" What treatment? " she said.

"Well, penicillin, if we had enough," he said, which they didn't. "Antiseptic drops are the alternative."

He told the mother, and she gripped the boy child's head and tilted it back despite his squalls. _Damn, have to get deloused_ again _after this,_ Clemens thought,forward, sir?" the staffer asked. Hollard shook his head again.

"We'd take a heavy butcher's bill doing that," he said. "And they can move backward just as fast as we can move forward." He looked up; it was well past noon. " They'd break contact in the dark; we don't have the numbers to overrun them."

He looked over to his left, to the range of rocky hills. A little further away than he'd like, but ground was ground—you couldn't rearrange it to suit. He might not have the numbers required to simply overwhelm the enemy, but he _did_ have a card up his sleeve.

_That was your one really bad mistake,_ he thought at the enemy commander. _Too eager._ Too convinced that he had to move forward with maximum speed


LAFC has signed midfielder Mark-Anthony Kaye to a three-year contract extension.

LAFC announced the deal Monday. The extension runs through the 2021 season with a club option for 2022.

The 24-year-old Canadian immediately earned a key role during LAFC's successful inaugural season. The unsung signing from Louisville of the USL had a surprisingly large impact as a box-to-box midfielder, getting two goals and five assists while starting 20 of the expansion club's first 21 games.

USSF president Carlos Cordeiro feels that hosting the 2026 World Cup will have a positive impact that can help the United States team challenge for the World Cup.

A combined North American football league between Canada, Mexico and the United States could be the main legacy of the 2026 World Cup, the president of the Mexican top-flightdivision Enrique Bonilla said on Wednesday.

The "United 2026" bid -- a combination of the three nations -- beat Morocco in the vote at FIFA's Congress in June to host the first 48-team World Cup. Although the majority of venues are proposed to be in the U.S., it is Mexican teams who have dominated on the continent, winning...

Barcelona forward Ballou Tabla has committed to represent Canada after months of deliberating over his international allegiance.

Ballou, 19, was born in the Ivory Coast but moved to Montreal when he was eight years old and has represented Canada up to U20 level.

However, close links to the country of his birth, as well as his friendship with Ivory Coast legend Didier Drogba, who he met at the Montreal Impact, meant Canada Soccer had


distribution slowed the drug's diffusion. Law enforcement was able to detect and shut down illicit manufacture to contain these outbreaks.

RAND researchers found that today's synthetic opioid surge is fueled by multiple sources. Mexican drug trafficking organizations smuggle fentanyl into the U.S., and China's pharmaceutical and chemical industries are inadequately regulated, allowing producers to advertise and ship synthetic opioids to buyers anywhere in the world.

While traditional criminal organizations play a role in the spread of fentanyl, the internet also has made it easier to traffic these drugs and to share information about their synthesis.

Overdose deaths involving fentanyl and other synthetic opioids have increased from about 3,000 in 2013 to more than 30,000 in 2018. These deaths have remained concentrated in Appalachia, the mid-Atlantic and New England.

advertisement

"While synthetic opioids haveresearchers analyzed mortality and drug seizure data, reviewed existing literature, and conducted expert interviews and international case studies.

RAND researchers examined synthetic opioid markets across the U.S. and in other parts of the world, such as Estonia (where fentanyl first appeared 20 years ago). Canada's experience with synthetic opioids is most similar to that in the United States in terms of its timing, sudden increase in drug-related harms, and regional concentration.

"Problems in parts of Canada are as severe as in the Eastern United States despite substantial differences in drug policy, and the delivery of public health and social services," said Jonathan Caulkins, study co-author and Stever University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University.

A handful of other countries in Europe also have seen synthetic opioids increasingly displace heroin. Their experience is


You were talking lots and lots of experienced people who at the one time, en masse, walked away."

The SQA report, from the principal assessor in maths, gives specific comments on some of the questions, including the one about the crocodile and another about the time it took a frog and a toad to escape from a well.

However, it said this question did not, in fact, pose a particular challenge to candidates, with the report saying it "met expectations".

The report said this question directly contributed to the lowering of the pass mark.

The main reason the pass mark came down was the first paper in the exam, which replaced a multiple choice paper in the old-style Higher and proved "more challenging than intended for candidates of all abilities."

The average marksEven by Iran's high standards of vicious political infighting, the power struggle gripping Tehran portends a noisy exit for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad that could destabilize key pillars of the Islamic Republic.

Four months before presidential elections that will choose his successor, Mr. Ahmadinejad has made clear that he is disregarding orders to end his second term quietly, and instead is publicly taking on a host of political enemies in parliament and across Iran's Islamic regime.

"The fight is so serious, it's like they are going for the kill," says a veteran political analyst in Tehran, who could not be named out of concern for retribution.

"We have the expression in Persian, that they have 'fastened their swords on top of their clothes,' and are fighting in the open," says the analyst.


"That has scared [to death] the rest of the establishment, and they don't know what to do with it."

A key Ahmadinejad ally and hardline former Tehran prosecutor, Saeed Mortazavi, was arrested and taken to Evin prison overnight yesterday after a bruising parliamentary fight the day before over his confirmation for a high-level post.

Ahmadinejad fought back from the parliament podium by accusing Speaker Ali Larijani and his brothers of corruption, and then played a secretly recorded video of one brother, Fazel, meeting with Mortazavi and apparently peddling family influence. The audio was scratchy, and Fazel Larijani later claimed it to be fake.

In a raucous exchange from the speaker's chair, Ali Larijani accused the president of "mafia-style activities," and actions that "corrupt the integrity of society." Lawmakers finally fired Ahmadinejad'slabor minister, who had made the Mortazavi appointment.

But as Ahmadinejad begins a trip to Egypt today – the first by an Iranian president in the 34-year history of the Islamic Republic – Tehran is reeling. How the power struggle plays out will determine who will be allowed to run for president in June, and how it will be handled, in a process that senior officials are already anxiously obsessed about.

"Iran's conservative establishment is facing a security threat: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad," writes Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar, a professor at Texas A&M University, in Foreign Policy. "In a country where political campaigns have turned into massive social movements, normal elections are seen by the government as unusual security threats."

"Ahmadinejad, who is known in the West as the man who claimed Israel should


be wiped off the map, is now feared by the establishment to be the catalyst for an existential threat to the Islamic Republic. He simply knows too much and is not willing to back off."

A supreme clash

Ahmadinejad has been adept at creating enemies during his eight years in office, and often warned that he had incriminating evidence against some of the highest authorities in Iran – which he would make public if his challengers went too far.

But Ahmadinejad's disputed reelection in 2009 – a vote that sparked weeks of street protests, and spread doubt in Iran about the legitimacy of the Islamic regime – has cast a pall over internal politics ever since.

Iran's supreme religious leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stepped into the fray in 2009, saying the popularchoice of Ahmadinejad was a "divine assessment," and that those who did not accept it were "enemies."

Two of the men declared the losers in that election, former Prime Minister Mir Hossein Mousavi and former parliament speaker Mehdi Karroubi, remain under house arrest in Tehran. The Green Movement they helped create was long ago erased from the streets – if not from the minds of its pro-reform supporters.

Yet Ahmadinejad has since challenged Ayatollah Khamenei himself, and today is disregarding months-old advice from the Supreme Leader, who said that, before the June election, anyone who "tries to take differences to the public and use their feelings … will be committing treason."

Analysts expected that such clear orders from Khamenei might help mask internal rivalries, and maximize the appearance of harmony in


conservative ranks before the vote.

But Ahmadinejad is a fiery and populist politician who has not shied away from attacking elitist pillars of the regime – even while his own senior appointees have been implicated in financial scandals worth billions of dollars, and the economy groans under the weight of US, European Union, and United Nations sanctions over Iran's nuclear program.

"It's like they are forgetting the outside pressures and avoiding all the daily problems that people are facing, [because] the only thing that matters is the rivalry," says the Tehran analyst. "The differences, when seen from outside, are so insignificant. But seen from inside they are irreconcilable, black and white, and a matter of no compromise."

Odd bedfellows

Speaking in Cairo today, Ahmadinejad said that Mortazavi's arrest was a "very uglyaction."

"The judiciary is not a special family organization," Ahmadinejad said. "I don't know how it has happened that one person has committed an infraction, and another person is arrested. Instead of going after the violator, they go after the person who has announced the violation, and this is very ugly."

Mortazavi was forced to step down as Tehran prosecutor in August 2010, after a parliamentary investigation into the deaths of three anti-government protesters at a secret detention center called Kahrizak. Mortazavi is cited by Human Rights Watch as a "serial human rights abuser," and in US sanctions documents for "sustained and severe violations of human rights." He was notorious during the reform era 10 to 15 years ago for spearheading the arrest of journalists and closing newspapers.

Mortazavi also played


It took less than 48 hours for Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government to revoke its fellowship invitation to whistleblower Chelsea Manning. The announcement that Manning would be a visiting fellow at the school’s Institute of Politics had been met with resistance from current and former denizens of the national security state — a former CIA director resigned his position as a fellow, and President Donald Trump’s CIA Director Mike Pompeo withdrew from a planned speech at the school.

About 200 miles south of Cambridge, Massachusetts, an inverse but much quieter debate unfolded after a top CIA veteran was named to an elite university fellowship. This much, however, resembled the row at Harvard: The security state is poised to win out in this showdown, too.

On September 4, former CIADirector John Brennan began a two-year stint as a “distinguished fellow for global security” at Fordham University’s Center on National Security at Fordham Law, in New York. Brennan, a 1977 Fordham graduate, will participate in discussions at the school, make himself available to students during office hours, and sit in on classes in advance of teaching his own in the future.

Some in the Fordham community — including faculty and alumni who were involved in activism against awarding Brennan a 2012 honorary doctorate of humane letters from the school — believe naming the former top spy to a fellowship sends the wrong message, especially given Brennan’s record of support for controversial policies.

“By making him a fellow, Fordham is clearly endorsing the human rights violations committed under Brennan by the


CIA through illegal torture and missile strikes,” said Sapphira Lurie, who graduated from Fordham this year. “Brennan’s status as a public figure is a result of severe violations of human rights.” Lurie noted that the administration has, in the past, distanced itself from Brennan’s actions at the CIA, but questioned whether his record outside of the CIA merited accolades from the university: “Why else would they be giving him an honorary degree and a position as a fellow?”

Brennan’s tenure as head of the CIA and, more broadly, his 25 years at the agency saw their share of controversies. The Obama era was marked by Brennan’s efforts to concentrate the drone assassination program in the executive branch and, in particular, the CIA. During the George W. Bush era, BrennanTeresa Fragoso

Teresa Fragoso has been president of the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG) since August 2016, following a previous tenure in the same position in 2011–2012.

Ms Fragoso’s previous roles include working as a political adviser to the Portuguese Secretary of State for Citizenship and Gender Equality (2015–2016) as well as to the Portuguese Secretary of State of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, with responsibility for gender equality and international relations (2005–2008). She has also worked as a gender and development specialist with UNWOMEN in East Timor (2009–2010).

Ms Fragoso has an MSc in “Gender and the Media” from the London School of Economics. She is currently completing a PhD in public policy at ISCTE – Lisbon University Institute on the subject of parental leave and


broader questions related to the relation between the Law and Ethics, between self-determination and the dignity of the human person. The work of CIG, in agreement with the Constitution and the Portuguese legal framework, has followed that guideline for decades;

Equality between women and men is a fundamental principle of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, and it is a fundamental task of the State to promote it. The Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG) is the national institution responsible for the promotion and defense of that principle, trying to respond to the profound social and political changes of our society related to citizenship and gender equality;

The mission of CIG is to guarantee the execution of public policies in the areas of citizenship, promotion and defense of gendermost usable sports sedan on the market. Finally, we have to address the exterior. Simply put, this is one of the best-looking sedans on sale today. It's definitely the best-looking Buick we've seen in decades, garnering compliments and genuine "that's a Buick?" responses from friends who saw it.

Unimpressive interior

Inside, you probably won't be as impressed. The Regal doesn't have a bad interior, but — when the chassis can genuinely rival sports sedans from the likes of Audi — a ho-hum interior is a mark against the sporty Buick. GM still liberally applies flat black plastics to the interiors of almost every car, despite about a decade of moaning from the automotive press. The design of the Regal's interior works around this relatively well, with the cabin still looking


international footballers
Category:FA Women's National League players
Category:Footballers from North Yorkshire
Category:Arsenal W.F.C. players
Category:England women's international footballers
Category:2019 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Category:Alumni of Teesside University3 rural Illinois men charged with Minnesota mosque bombing

2018-03-13T21:41:37Z2018-03-14T06:12:16Z

By MICHAEL TARM and AMY FORLITIAssociated Press

CHICAGO (AP) - Federal authorities on Tuesday charged three men from rural central Illinois with the bombing of a Minnesota mosque last year and said one of the suspects told an investigator the goal of the attack was to "scare" Muslims out of the United States.

A statement from the U.S. attorney's office in Springfield, Illinois, says the men also are suspected in the attempted bombing of an abortion clinic. The Dar Al-Farooq Islamic Center in Bloomington, Minnesota, was bombed just before morning prayers on Aug. 5, causing a fire and extensive damage although no one was injured or killed. And there was an attempted bombing of the Champaign, Illinois, Women's Health Practice on Nov.


7.

One of the men, Michael B. Hari, 47, described in an April 2017 Chicago Tribune article how he drafted a $10 billion plan to build a wall along the border with Mexico, citing President Donald Trump's call for such a wall. Hari drew up the proposal after launching a security company, Crisis Resolution Security Services, the newspaper said.

Hari also filed a federal lawsuit just last month in central Illinois, naming the U.S. secretaries of agriculture and health and human services as defendants. It accuses their departments of violating his constitutional rights by doing the food-safety certification work that his firm, Equicert, does.

"The People of the United States have rejected the Marxist doctrine that the government shall own the means of production," he wrote, according to the court document.He requested a court order barring federal officials from interfering with his business.

The other two men charged in the mosque bombing with Hari were identified as Joe Morris, 22, and Michael McWhorter, 29. All three are from Clarence, a rural community of less than 100 residents some 35 miles (56 kilometers) north of Champaign-Urbana. A fourth man was charged with a gun offense, but he was not identified as a suspect in the bombing or attempted bombing.

A complaint said a tip in December led authorities to investigate the three men, after a person sent the local sheriff photos of guns and bomb-making material inside Hari's parents' home, where Hari often stayed. In January, a second informant told authorities that the three men had carried out the mosque bombing


and the failed clinic bombing, according to the complaint.

McWhorter allegedly told an FBI agent during an interview that the three rented a pickup in Champaign and drove more than 500 miles (805 kilometers) to Minnesota with a plan to bomb the mosque, according to a criminal complaint. He said they wanted to let Muslims know they are not welcome in the United States and "scare them out of the country," according to notes taken by the FBI.

It wasn't clear from the complaint why the men may have targeted a mosque so far from Illinois.

Morris told one informant that Hari had promised to pay him and McWhorter $18,000 for participating in the mosque bombing, according to the complaint. An affidavit says the men broke a window to the imam'soffice and threw a pipe bomb containing black powder into the mosque. The pipe bomb exploded, causing a fire that was extinguished by sprinklers.

A witness outside the mosque heard the sound of breaking glass and saw a man get into a dark pickup truck. The truck then sped away, the affidavit said.

Minneapolis FBI Acting Special Agent in Charge Robert Bone said authorities no longer believe there is any further threat to the community in connection with this incident.

McWhorter also allegedly admitted that the three men tried to bomb the abortion clinic on Nov. 7, again renting a truck to carry out the attack. McWhorter described a PVC pipe bomb and said Morris broke a window and threw it in, where it failed to go off, according to the


complaint.

The complaint also said nothing about a possible motivation for the clinic attack.

Jaylani Hussein, executive director of the Minnesota chapter of the Muslim advocacy and civil liberties group Council on American-Islamic Relations, welcomed news of the arrests.

"This is definitely a relief that this case is finally to conclusion and those assailants-slash-suspects are apprehended and no longer a threat to our community," Hussein said in a telephone interview Tuesday.

The Islamic Center primarily serves Somalis in the Minneapolis area and houses a mosque and religious school for children. Minnesota is home to the largest Somali community outside of east Africa, with an estimated 57,000 people, according to the most recent census estimates.

Mohamed Omar, the center's executive director, said at the time that the mosque didn't receive any threats beforehand orclaims of responsibility afterward. The FBI had offered a $30,000 reward for information leading to a conviction in the bombing. It's unclear if the reward money will be paid.

Officials said at the time that witnesses saw someone throw something from a truck or van before the blast and saw a vehicle speed away afterward. Mosque leaders later released security video from inside the mosque that caught the moments before the explosion, and some smoke and flying debris. The video didn't show the blast itself.

Minnesota Gov. Mark Dayton called the bombing an act of terrorism when he and other officials visited the mosque the day after the explosion.

"That bombing that took place last summer was a tragedy for all Minnesotans," U.S. Attorney Gregory Brooker said, adding that it remains


Israel launches airstrikes in Gaza, 6 injured

GAZA CITY (Ma'an) -- Israeli air forces launched a series of airstrikes on several targets across the Gaza Strip early Friday, leaving six Palestinians injured.

Local sources told Ma'an that air forces targeted a steel structure near an Islamic religious compound in al-Zaitoun neighborhood of Eastern Gaza City, starting a fire in the area.

Spokesperson for the Gaza Ministry of Health Ashraf al-Qidra said that six injuries were reported injured as a result of the raid, four of which were children.

Al-Qidra added that the six were taken to the hospital with "minor" wounds from shrapnel and glass fragments.

Airstrikes also targeted the "Al-Fajr" site belonging to the al-Quds Brigades, the armed wing of the Islamic Jihad movement, near al-Matahen area in the city of Deiral-Balah.

Local sources said no injuries were reported in that strike.

Israeli air forces launched another airstrike in an open area in eastern Rafah, no injuries were reported.

The Israeli military said in a statement that the strikes came in response to two rockets launched from Gaza late Thursday, one which hit an open area near Sderot and the other which was intercepted by Israel's Iron Dome anti-rocket system.

Israeli forces "targeted three concealed rocket launchers in the northern Gaza strip, a terror site in the central Gaza strip and a weapon storage facility in the southern Gaza Strip," the statement said, confirming direct hits.


The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has announced Independiente del Valle forward Jose Angulo will serve a four-year drugs ban.

The 22-year-old tested positive for cocaine during the 2016 Copa Libertadores and was initially given a one-year suspension by South America's governing body CONMEBOL.

However, that decision was appealed by FIFA to CAS, which ruled on Monday Angulo will instead be banned for four years, the suspension backdated to July 20 2016.

"Pursuant to the challenged decision, Jose Enrique Angulo Caicedo was tested on July 20, 2016, i.e. on the day of the first leg of the final of the 2016 Copa Libertadores, was found to have committed an anti-doping rule violation (cocaine) and sanctioned with a one-year period of ineligibility," the CAS statement read.

"Following the appeal of FIFA, CASheard the parties and scientific experts on October 31, 2017. The CAS panel in charge of the arbitration has determined that the facts submitted by the player did not match with the evidence produced by the scientific experts, has set aside the CONMEBOL decision and replaced it with a new decision."

Angulo joined Granada from Independiente on a five-year deal in August 2016, only for the LaLiga club to cancel the player's contract before he made his debut in the wake of his drugs ban.

The Ecuadorian - who scored six goals in the 2016 Copa Libertadores - then returned to Independiente del Valle, where he has started seven league games this season.


November 15, 2013 (Philadelphia, PA) - JOURNEY and STEVE MILLER BAND will kick off a summer tour in 2014 with special guest Tower of Power. The tour, produced by Live Nation, will bring two of the iconic groups that helped define the "San Francisco Sound" - Journey and Steve Miller Band - to more than 30 cities across North America including a stop at Susquehanna Bank Center on Sunday, June 22nd.

Tickets go on sale Friday, December 6 at 10am and will be available at Susquehanna Bank Center Box Office, Live Nation Box Office, Ticketmaster.com, all Ticketmaster outlets or by-phone at 800-745-3000. Fans will have an opportunity to make a donation to benefit those affected by Super Typhoon Haiyan at time of ticket purchase. Journey VIP Packages will beTO BE MISSED TRIFECTA OF THE BEST OF SOUL, GREATEST HITS AND ARENA ROCK by three of the greatest bands to come out of San Francisco, clearly a once in a life time event. We can't wait to get

started! ”

Diamond-certified album holder Journey has sold 80 million albums worldwide and has earned 19 Top 40 singles and 25 gold, platinum and multi-platinum albums since its formation in 1973 in San Francisco. The prestigious “Legend of Live Award” was presented to Journey at the 2011 Billboard Touring Awards to honor the band’s contributions to live music and the touring business and to acknowledge their commitment to fans and the art of performing live. The band’s 2011 World Tour was one of the band’s most successful tours ever, drawing nearly


a million fans and ranked in the Top 15 Tours of the year. 2011 also marked the 30th anniversary of the band’s seminal anthem, “Don’t Stop Believin’,” the biggest selling song from the 20th century in iTunes history. In 2013, Journey toured four continents and performed to more than half a million fans.

One of rock music's all-time greats, the Steve Miller Band has sold more than 30 million records in a career spanning more than 40 years. His trademark blues-rock sound has made him one of the defining artists of classic rock radio. The 2013 touring season by the Steve Miller Band follows four of the most busy, productive years in the long, illustrious career of Steve Miller. He has released two albums in the past few yearsincluding the number one blues album, Bingo, and its successor, Let Your Hair Down - the first new Steve Miller Band in eighteen years. In 2010, Miller went back to Europe for the first time in 25 years for a hugely successful round of dates culminating in a sold-out Royal Albert Hall concert in London that opened the door for the band to tour Europe twice in the past three years. In demand around the world as well, they also launched a tour of Australia and New Zealand in Spring 2013.

Live Nation Entertainment (NYSE: LYV) is the world’s leading live entertainment company comprised of four market leaders: Ticketmaster, Live Nation Concerts, Artist Nation Management and Live Nation Media/Sponsorship. For additional information, visit www.livenation.com/investors.


summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October.
 Hot weather (April to June) when temperature rises as high as 110 °F.
 Rainy season (July to September). Average rainfall annual ranges between 96 cm sub-mountain region and 46 cm in the plains.
 Cooler/ Foggy / mild weather (October to March). Temperature goes down as low as 40 °F.
 The native language of the province is Punjabi with its Standard dialect spoken in north and its Saraiki dialect spoken in southern districts of the province. There is growing pressure for official recognition of Saraiki as a language distinct from Punjabi.[10]
 Urdu, Pakistan's national language, is widely understood and used.

Category:Populated places in Kasur DistrictHUNTSVILLE, Alabama -- After continuous work, starting around 8:30 p.m. on Saturday, Huntsville Utilities crews have restored power to all but about 30 customers affected by the damage caused by a line of severe thunderstorms.

Joe Gehrdes, Huntsville Utilities communication director, said the remaining associated outage is in South Huntsville and crews are on the scene working to restore power to those customers.

At the height of event, about 10,000 Huntsville Utilities customers were without power. By midnight, most of the problem areas had been isolated to where damage occurred, and crews went to work addressing each situation until repairs were made and power was restored, he said.

The line of storms brought tornado warnings in Northwest Alabama and straight line winds around 50 mph. Huntsville International airport recorded wind gusts


Slideshow ( 5 images )

DUBAI (Reuters) - Firefighters brought a fire under control at a tower being built in Dubai’s Downtown district, authorities said on Sunday, the latest in a spate of fires to hit tall buildings in the emirate.

The blaze, which started in the early hours of Sunday morning and sent flames and black smoke into the air, engulfed Address Residences Fountain Views, a 60-storey tower being developed by Emaar Properties.

Roads around the building, located in an area popular with shoppers and tourists, were closed as firefighters tackled the blaze. The Dubai Media Office Twitter account said later that the fire was under control, with cooling operations underway and no injuries reported.

It is the second fire to hit an Emaar building after the developer’s Address Downtown hotel50 times over." The foul-mouthed president said that if a terrorist was presented to him when he's in a foul mood, "give me salt and vinegar and I'll eat his liver."

The crowd broke into laughter, but Duterte cut in, "It's true, if you make me angry." Duterte, a longtime city mayor who built an image as a deadly crime-buster, won the presidency in May last year on a promise to battle illegal drugs, corruption and terrorism. Thousands have died under his anti-drug crackdown, which has alarmed Western governments and human rights groups. He has warned he may place the southern Philippines, scene of a decades-long Muslim separatist rebellion, under martial rule if terrorism threats spin out of control. He recently offered a reward for information leading to the


capture of Abu Sayyaf and other militants behind a foiled attack in the central province of Bohol. Eight militants, three soldiers, a policeman, and two villagers have died in clashes in Bohol, which lies far from the southern jungle bases of the militants. (Read more Rodrigo Duterte stories.)

UW-Madison students design cart for dog without front legs

Louie was born without his front legs

Maija Inveiss by Maija Inveiss

Courtesy of College of Engineering

Courtesy of College of Engineering

First-year engineers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison designed a cart for Louie, a dog born without front legs.

According to a release, Louie’s owners, Pat and Pete Sammataro, contacted Katie Kalscheur, a lecturer of an interdisciplinary freshman design course at the College of Engineering in early 2019 after hearing about past students’ work to create prosthetic legs for Sgt. Stubbs, a cat who lost his two hind legs in a train accident.

The course gives first-year students an opportunity to learn engineering through hands-on experience. Students were split into teams to take on projects.

“I know a lot of engineering students from a lot of


colleges across the country, and we’re the only ones I know of who are tackling real-life engineering projects for real people right away,” Jonah Herman, a freshman biomedical engineering student on the seven-person team building the cart, said.

Louie is a 4-year-old Nova Scotia duck trolling retriever mix. Pete Sammataro says Louie was born to a breeder in Atlanta, Georgia, who planned to euthanize him. Louie lived with the niece of a friend to the Sammataro family until she had to travel overseas for a summer. The couple decided to take in Louie after hearing about him.

The family hoped a cart would give Louie a chance at enhanced mobility, the release said.

“We just want him to be able to go on walks and sniff around the neighborhood like anyHow can Jon be a Targaryen if ordinary fire burned his hand?Targaryens are not immune to fire. It's a myth that has been refuted by a list of Targaryens being burned. Danaerys 'the unburnt' was indeed unscathed when she hatched the dragon eggs, but that has not stopped her being burned on other occasions. See this thread on Targaryen fire immunity.

Don't all Targaryens have hallmark Valryian silver-golden hair and purple eyes?Not all of them: Valarr and Queen Alysanne had blue eyes. Bittersteel, who like Jon was half first men blood, had brown hair. Baelor Breakspear and his son(s) and Jon's own half-sister Rhaenys had the Dornish look (dark hair, black eyes, olive skin). Rhaenyra Targaryen's three sons all had brown hair and brown eyes even though both their


parents had light silver-gold hair.Had Jon Valyrian features, it would give his parentage away: "He had the Stark face if not the name: long, solemn, guarded, a face that gave nothing away. Whoever his mother had been, she had left little of herself in her son." Tyrion got the bit about the mother wrong, though: his mother was the Stark.

If Jon isn't Ned's son, then why does he look so much like him?Jon looks very like Arya, and Arya looks very like Lyanna. Jon is Ned's nephew, and Lyanna and Ned looked similar.

Ned is too honourable to lie. If he says Jon is his son, doesn't that mean he must be?Ned tells Arya that sometimes lies can be honourable. His final words, a confession of his guilt, aremother had been, Ned must have loved her fiercely".

Why would Ned not at least tell Catelyn?We don't have a list of what Ned promised to Lyanna, but know he takes his promises seriously. Maybe he promised not to tell anyone. In Chapter 45, Ned is uncertain what Cat would do if it came to Jon's life over that of her own children. If Catelyn knew that Jon was Rhaegar's son, she might feel that keeping him at Winterfell presented a serious risk to her own children. Ultimately, Catelyn did not need to know, so maybe Ned simply chose to be on the safe side.

Doesn't Ned refer to Robb and Jon as "my sons in the very first chapter?In speech, not in thought. Ned is keeping Jon's parentage secret.


He never thinks of Jon as his son: In Chapter 45, Ned thinks of his children "Robb and Sansa and Arya and Bran and Rickon and explicitly excludes Jon from the list. ADwD Chapter 34 has Bran's vision of younger Ned in the Winterfell godswood: "...let them grow up close as brothers, with only love between them," he prayed, "and let my lady wife find it in her heart to forgive..." which not make sense if they are brothers.

Since Rhaegar was already married, wouldn't Jon still be a bastard?He might, or might not. There was a tradition of polygamy among Targaryens in the past, so the possibility that Rhaegar and Lyanna married is not easily ruled out. A pro-legitimacy argument is this: The presence of the three kingsguardsat King's Landing, and wouldn't require kingsguards to guard her. The mere presence of three kingsguards implies something more important: guarding members of the royal family or maybe the heir.Frequently suggested readings: At the tower of joy by MtnLion and support of the toj analysis by Ygrain

Isn't there an SSM that says the 3 Kingsguard were following Rhaegar's orders though?The SSM you may be thinking of is probably this: The King's Guards don't get to make up their own orders. They serve the king, they protect the king and the royal family, but they're also bound to obey their orders, and if Prince Rhaegar gave them a certain order, they would do that. They can't say, "No we don't like that order, we'll do something else."We know from


it was suggested by The Twinslayer that because the naming of the new heir occurred before the deaths of Aegon and Rhaenys, the KG could not know about those deaths unless they also know about the naming of the new heir. I completely disagree. As suggested by Corbon, there are reasons why words of the deaths of the royals, including the children, might be sent far and wide while the news of the naming of the new heir might not be broadcast as widely. In particular, given that news of the deaths almost certainly would come for the winning side of the war, they have reason to broadcast that the Targs are all dead -- they have no reason to make any mention of Aerys naming Viserys asgot to the KG. In that last thread, it was suggested by The Twinslayer that because the naming of the new heir occurred before the deaths of Aegon and Rhaenys, the KG could not know about those deaths unless they also know about the naming of the new heir. I completely disagree. As suggested by Corbon, there are reasons why words of the deaths of the royals, including the children, might be sent far and wide while the news of the naming of the new heir might not be broadcast as widely. In particular, given that news of the deaths almost certainly would come for the winning side of the war, they have reason to broadcast that the Targs are all dead -- they have no reason to


3 KG at ToJ, even if they got information that happened later (like the deaths of the royals).

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

Joffrey Baratheon was the eldest son and named and acknowledged heir of Robert Baratheon. Even after Stannis and Ned found out the truth the king never revoked Joff's status as his heir, and Eddard Stark never got the opportunity to formally proclaim Cersei's children bastards in the late king's name - which he was about to do when the Queen Dowager had him imprisoned.

Barristan Selmy believed Joffrey to be the true king but he was as of yet not honor-bound to follow him considering the fact that Joffrey had neither been formally crowned nor proclaimed king. He was expecting that to happen which iswhy he expressed the wish to join the new king, but it was up to the Hand and the Small Council to confirm and crown the new king. The situation after Robert's death very much resembles the situation at the dawn of the Dance when Ser Otto Hightower was in complete control of the Red Keep and the capital until Aegon II had actually been proclaimed and crowned.

From that whole thing we cannot infer who the knights at the tower might have considered to be the new king. Neither Prince Aegon nor Lyanna's son was Aerys' son, nor was any of them confirmed as the king's immediate heir. As Rhaegar's friends one expects that Dayne and Whent would have backed Rhaegar's blood (i.e. either Aegon or Lyanna's son)


the easy and compromising solution, he would leave that tower and search for Viserys, if he didn't hear about him going to Dragonstone. And no one will blame that he left his duty.

But Gerold stayed and not only that, he was vehemently proud of his stance. There was no doubt in his eyes who had claimed his vow in that tower, a person worthy enough, the heir to the throne.

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

The idea that Yandel gives us only inside information there makes little sense - he delivers this little piece of information in a very casual manner, mentioning Viserys as Aerys' new heir in passing. This suggests to me that this was well-known and essentially uncontroversial information rather than something that would behave), and if so, whether news of this information got to the KG. In that last thread, it was suggested by The Twinslayer that because the naming of the new heir occurred before the deaths of Aegon and Rhaenys, the KG could not know about those deaths unless they also know about the naming of the new heir. I completely disagree. As suggested by Corbon, there are reasons why words of the deaths of the royals, including the children, might be sent far and wide while the news of the naming of the new heir might not be broadcast as widely. In particular, given that news of the deaths almost certainly would come for the winning side of the war, they have reason to broadcast that the Targs


the middle of the war where there is already Targaryen blood in the water. And choosing a boy prince over an infant prince where all the babes relatives and uncles would be positioning themselves around the new crown prince would make Aerys place more precarious.

At least he controls Viserys.

Some of the worst wars and strife were over succession crisis and infant kings.

When Richard III lost his only child and heir, it was seen as Gods retribution and condemnation of his "usurpation" of his brothers children and weakened his rule. When Henry VII, who defeated Richard lost his heir, Arthur, he had Henry. (VIII) named in a VERY public way, his next heir, where all the nobles swore fealty to him.

Aegon:

If Aerys suspected the Dornish of betrayal, that wouldcommand of the previous King Robert. Which means all judgements were to be deferred to Ned who was chosen for the task.

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

Right, but Viserys was still alive. Barristan chose not to remain faithful to the Targs.

The only living Targaryen who could rule was Viserys which I believe it is hinted many saw the same madness in him that Aerys had. But yeah he decided that the Targaryens were done (as they were King's of nothing). I think it's a bit harsh to say he wasn't faithful to the Targs where he fought on the Trident and was critically wounded from the battle. He gave everything for his liege, accepting defeat is kind of natural.

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

The


short lifespan in the middle ages as well as the constant warfare made it also quite imperative to name an heir who had already come of age. Another good example would be the succession of the early Plantagenets - while he was still alive and well Richard I favored his nephew Arthur (the son of his younger brother Geoffrey) as his heir, but on his deathbed he decided to name his youngest brother John heir who was old enough to rule in his own name and (supposedly) strong enough to defend the borders of his realm.

Knowing who the anointed or legal heir of the king is doesn't make that one king. At least not in the ultimate sense that he is recognized as such by everyone. It iswhen you're losing a war a boy is no better than a toddler (I think Aegon was too old to be qualified an infant).

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

the point with Barristan is that he knew Joffrey was Robert's chosen heir - while the king himself or the Hand had not revoked that status by publicly proclaiming that he was indeed a bastard born out of treachery he had every right assuming that Joffrey would be the next king. But even then, until the new king was crowned and proclaimed all the legal power was in the hands of the Hand, and Barristan deferred to Ned in that capacity. Joff's youth would have made a Regency necessary in any case, and King Robert had named Ned


this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

Which would be the main reason he would ever name Viserys his heir. He didn't trust the Dornish and didn't feel he could trust Elia and her children. But he had complete control over Viserys. I seriously doubt he had the clarity of thought to decide that a boy would be better than a toddler.

Finally, if word of the deaths of Aegon and his sister had reached the KG, the next obvious question would be, "who is heir?" I would be quite surprised, given the knowledge they would have to have about Targaryen history, that they wouldn't know Viserys had been named heir.

Viserys was 3rd in line for the throne before Jon was born. The line of succession doesn't need the Kingto write up a graph, though he can. There are rules of birth and order, which the King can go around and name the next heir if he so chooses. The Kingsguard will know that Jon comes before Viserys in the *natural* line of succession. So without a formal declaration stating otherwise they wouldn't just assume Viserys was the new heir as he was 4th in line.

Share this post

Link to post

Share on other sites

the point with Barristan is that he knew Joffrey was Robert's chosen heir - while the king himself or the Hand had not revoked that status by publicly proclaiming that he was indeed a bastard born out of treachery he had every right assuming that Joffrey would be the next king. But even then, until


She lurks along dark pathways to terrorize children and grab wary travelers from out-of-the-way forest clearings. She lives alone, away from the safety and order of the village — or shuts herself up in a decaying abode that wise neighbors skirt in wariness. She may be called “Grandmother” or “Old Mother,” but if she ever had any children, they are long gone. Part of the revulsion lies in the way she makes her own way in the world. How does she survive: without a man, without children, without family? Surely, she must be up to something nefarious.

And yet, the fear of the crone is not of a scary old woman who will inappropriately insert herself into a domestic space where she does not belong — rather, the fearfiremen to fighting for their lives in an old apartment building against some sort of “infection” that turns victims into ravening, mindless, undead killers. The horror is unleashed when the firemen and a feckless young cop enter the apartment of an old woman, Mrs. Izquierdo, to check on her after her neighbors hear screaming and fear she has hurt herself. They enter her apartment, she shambles forward and then attacks with bloodcurdling screams and berserk energy. Her ferocious attack is shocking and, at least initially, received with dark comedy: look at this pathetic, sick, fat old woman in her nightgown lurching at these robust men.

[REC] starts with an aggressively banal peek into a working civic infrastructure with all its tools deployed: the press (the reporter, Angela Vidal); social


services (the firemen); law enforcement (the federal authorities and police who swoop in to contain the threat); and later the church. In fact, apart from Angela herself, all representatives of this civic authority are male — which makes the attack upon that authority by Mrs. Iziguerdo that much more striking. This rabid, nearly-nude old woman has no place in this current order. Tucked up in this ancient edifice, alone, she represents an old order brutally lashing out at the forces of a new order which seeks to help, then to subdue her. She is almost a cliche of a crazy old cat lady; but to be fair, the movie spares little sympathy for the other elderly members of the movie: the bickering and confused older couple who can’tParisian road tunnel challenge solved

A86 Paris Client – GDF-Suez

Overview:
The A86 autoroute is the second ring road around the French capital city, Paris, running further out from the centre than the more well known “Peripherique”. The circular route is similar in length to London’s north and south circular roads, though much of it has been constructed more recently. The road includes one of the longest urban road tunnels ever built, a 10 kilometre long tunnel that features the two carriageways located one on top of the other.

All traffic tunnels present the challenge of planning for vehicle incidents, the most dangerous of which is fire. Smoke must be removed from the tunnel, while refuges and exit routes need to be fed with fresh air, to enable safe escape for trapped


This thriller revolves around two groups led by Rob Hall (Jason Clarke) and Scott Fisher (Jake Gyllenhaal), who are preparing to climb the Mount Everest. At the summit, a blizzard strikes, which leaves the people in a traumatic situation. Watch how the team members cope, losing a lot on the way to achieve their aim.

Tutak Tutak Tutiya, Zee Cinema, 12.30 pm

This romantic thriller stars Krishna Kumar (Parbhu Deva) and Devi (Tamanna Bhatia). The flim opens with Krishna waiting for his city slicker dream girl, but ends up marrying a quiet girl who is accustomed to the village life. Krishna’s life goes haywire when Devi gets possessed by a dancer, Ruby, who had earlier committed suicide in their home. Find out how Krishna tackles the situation and finally endsfrom 30 person, high end dinners to 1,000+ person extravaganzas. Our team members have produced some of the most memorable convention events going back to as early as 1984.”

DNC Convention Strategies is the child of Conventions 2012, LLC, which was registered in Florida in July 2011, according to the Florida Department of State’s Division of Corporations. Its brother, born to the same mother, is GOP Convention Strategies. One of the Managers of this new-fangled LLC is ROQ Strategies, LLC, according to the incorporation form.

ROQ and DNC Convention Strategies share the same address: 400 North Capitol St., Ste. 382B in Washington, DC. The glue that binds them together is veteran lobbyist Darrell Henry, who’s both the Founder and Principal of ROQ and one of eight team members of DNC