The proposed highway will follow the path of the canal from Scottsville Road through the park on an elevated viaduct.  Thereafter it will continue by surface route for about a mile to the east.  After that it will swing slightly north across the canal and connect with the western end of the existing southerly segment of the loop.  The viaduct through the park, of spanned concrete construction, will be approximately 2100 feet in length, including a 430-foot river span, and will be on the south side of the canal.

13
As set forth in detail in the EIS and the 4(f) Statement, the Department of Transportation considered thirteen alternatives to the recommended construction, five of which did not make use of parklands and eight of which did.Henrietta."

14
Closely akin to the do-nothing alternative, and unsatisfactory for many of the same reasons, was the possibility of continuing the southern segment of the loop only a short distance to the west, stopping at a point where a proposed southern expressway (the Genesee Expressway) is intended to intersect the outer loop.  From that point, a connection would be made with several existing streets running to downtown Rochester.  It was concluded that this also would do little to relieve the traffic congestion which completion of the outer loop was intended to eliminate.  According to the EIS, this alternative "is comparable to the 'Do Nothing' alternative with respect to providing traffic relief on major arterials west of the proposed Genesee Expressway."

15
A third alternative envisioned completing the loop


with a highway which avoided the park by circling to the north through the City.  This would require cutting through extensive residential areas on both sides of the Genesee River, as well as the campus of the University of Rochester and the Mt. Hope Cemetery.  The EIS concludes that "(t)he displacement and disruption potentially rendered by such an alternative would be so great as to be unthinkable and totally unacceptable."  It points out that every governmental and civic group which has studied location alternatives has reached the same conclusion.

16
In the fourth and fifth alternatives, the expressway would detour to the southwest around the park and would then proceed north along the west side of the airport.  Under one proposal, the expressway would connect directlywith the outer loop about one mile north of the airport.  Under the other, it would connect with Chili Avenue, an existing east-west highway which runs north of the airport and intersects the outer loop.  Each would bypass that portion of the completed loop running along the east side of the airport.  The first proposed route would cost 43 million dollars more than the recommended route through the park and would be 5.75 miles longer.  The second would cost 28 million more and would be 4.7 miles longer.  Having in mind the purpose of the outer loop to move traffic expeditiously around the City and to provide traffic relief for the towns of Brighton and Henrietta, the Department of Transportation concluded that the


and described it as a possible but poor alternative.

18
The seventh alternative contemplated a viaduct through the park directly along the banks of the canal, with the west-bound and east-bound roadways located north and south of the canal respectively.  The impact of this construction would be similar to that of the recommended route.  However, it would affect both banks of the canal, whereas the proposed construction is confined to the south side.  It would thus prevent completion of the park segment of a hiking and bicycling trailway along the north bank of the canal which is included in the proposed plan.

19
The eighth possibility called for the loop to intersect the park in a north-south direction.  The expressway would run partly at grade and partly byviaduct.  It would require the redesign of two golf courses, would utilize the greatest amount of park land and would cause the greatest long term change to existing facilities.  It was therefore deemed a less desirable choice.

20
The ninth and tenth alternatives considered the construction of a tunnel along the recommended east-west route through the park, one of cut-and-cover construction and the other of driven construction.  The eleventh and twelfth alternatives contemplated both types of tunnel construction along the north-south route through the park.  The cut-and-cover tunnel along the east-west route would be approximately 4,300 feet long and would cost 76 million dollars, or 56 million dollars more than the recommended viaduct.6 The driven tunnel along this route would be approximately 5,500 feet long and


Most of the land east of the park is already publicly owned and has been reserved for use in the contemplated construction.  The remainder is farmland.  There is expected to be little recognizable impact on home building, property values or governmental services.  No neighborhood blight will follow the construction, nor will any subdivisions be isolated through changes in local access.  Completion of the loop is expected to have little effect on governmental institutions, the provision of public services, the resource base of the towns, and amenities of life in general.  In sum, according to the EIS, "(n)o major change is foreseen in neighborhood character, cohesiveness and stability, nor are there any known minority groups affected by the project."

26
The impact of the project oncontemplates the creation of an under-bridge parking area with an associated access road, together with automobile boat-launching ramps for the canal.  Vehicular and pedestrian traffic to and through the park will not be adversely affected, nor will the use of the canal for recreation.  Indeed, a recreational trailway along the canal is projected as part of the project.  Major steps will be taken to prevent contamination of air and water, to eliminate noise, to maintain the general quality of the environment and to minimize harm to the park.  The project as recommended has been approved by the Monroe County Department of Parks.  In short, says the EIS, the park will remain available for those who use it now; access to it will remain


citizenship – populist measures it hopes will resonate with disaffected voters drifting to political insurgents such as One Nation.

Duelling prime ministers: Turnbull and Abbott locked in a Coalition death spiral | Katharine Murphy Read more

But the government’s big political push, launched while Newspoll was in the field, was disrupted by continued displays of disunity.

After being advised by some colleagues to quit politics for the good of the government, the former prime minister Tony Abbott last week declared he would continue to make public interventions as he saw fit.

Abbott’s statement of defiance was followed by a leak of polling from the last federal election which showed the former prime minister was under pressure in his Sydney seat of Warringah. Abbot responded furiously to the leak.

Late last week the financethe Communio Lupatum of Powerwolf's album The Sacrament of Sin)

Notes

References

External links
Amaranthe at AllMusic
Amaranthe at Discogs

Category:Heavy metal group discographies
Category:Discographies of Swedish artists


for a biothreat in Korea. The AR13 is a functional exercise on biothreat that was held from June 19, 2013 to June 20, 2013. The Senior Leadership Seminar was held in June 21, 2013, to discuss opinions of multiple ministries and agencies as well as areas of improvement among high-ranking officials from the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States of America (USA). This exercise was cohosted by the Korean Ministry of National Defense and the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare and by their counterpart in the United States (U.S.), the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The exercise directors are Director of Centers for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Preventionand Director of Armaments Verification in the Ministry of National Defense. Furthermore, 10 related ministries and agencies participated, including the President\'s Office, National Intelligence Service, National Police Agency, and National Environmental Management Agency. The AR13\'s scenario is composed of a series of bioattacks in Seoul, Korea, and the ministries and agencies of both countries collaborate with each other in responding to the attack [@bib6].

The paper by Lee et al shows how Korea has been preparing and responding to emerging infectious diseases crisis. Since the preparation of the 2006 pandemic influenza preparedness and response plan based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the ROK has prepared and periodically evaluated the plan to respond to various public health crises including pandemic influenza. The ROK has stockpiled 13,000,000 doses of antiviral drugs


FM radio broadcasting with the pop stations primarily on AM in Filipino and the English language programs on FM.

Delivery of Newspapers and Magazines

Generally, its not recommended having magazines mailed from outside the Philippines as they tend get lost in the mail system. Locally ordered magazines and international newspapers, such as Time Magazine and International Herald Tribune, can be delivered toJohn Oliver called on his fans to make their voices heard in the fight for net neutrality and subsequently crashed the Federal Communication Commission's (FCC) website on Sunday, apparently due to abnormally high traffic.

President Trump's appointed FCC chairman and former Verizon lawyer Ajit Pai announced plans in April to begin loosening net neutrality rules, which require internet service providers (ISPs), like Comcast and Verizon, to establish equal access to all legal online content and websites, rather than selectively favoring certain sites while blocking others.

The "Last Week Tonight" host blasted these plans, and encouraged his audience to visit gofccyourself.com, which redirects traffic to a page on the FCC's website where site visitors may submit messages to the FCC about net neutrality. The URL provides quick access to this page,


Babul Supriyo's convoy attacked in Asansol

DURGAPUR ( West Bengal ): Union Minister Babul Supriyo 's convoy was on Monday attacked by alleged activists of the Trinamool Congress while he was on an official visit to a thermal power station here, but escaped unhurt.Supriyo, the Union Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises told PTI that his convoy was attacked by alleged TMC activists when he was on an official visit to Durgapur Steel Thermal Power station in his Asansol constituency during the day."As my car was entering the venue, TMC activists shouted slogans and pelted stones at my car," he said.Supriyo alleged there was no response from the local police though a CISF senior official had informed them after seeing the "huge gathering of aggressive TMCJohn Nairn to chaplaincy of St Peter at Inverness Parish Church, 4 October 1501
6. Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Moray, of grants by William de Bught, Alexander Waus, and Elizabeth Pylche in favour of St Michael's altar, Inverness Parish Church, 13 October 1508
7. Charter (Instrument and Infeftment) by bailies and aldermen of Inverness of the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, in favour of John Auchlek, 28 December 1508
8. Charter (Instrument of Protest) against the instance of certain trades within the Lordship of Ardmannoch, hindered by the Bailie of the Lordship from crossing Kessock ferry with their goods to the Fair of the Holy Cross of Inverness, 13 September 1509
9. Charter by James, Bishop of Moray appointing duties to parish clerks, together with fines for neglect of


duties, 22 August 1523
10. Charter (Letters of Induction) granted by Magnus Waus, vicar of Abertarff on his presentation to the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, 20 November 1536
11. Charter (Feu) by Lord John Waus, chaplain of St Michael, Inverness Parish Church, to Matthew Waus, 14 July 1542
12. Charter (of presentation, Collation and Induction) by Patrick, Bishop of Moray, in favour of his son, Lord Patrick Anderson, presenting him to the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, 20 November 1542
13. Charter (of confirmation) by Mary Queen of Scots approving and ratifying the heritable rights of the free burgesses of Inverness, 3 May 1545
14. Charter by James VI confirming possessions of Inverness to the Burgh, 16 March 1588
15. Charter by provost, bailies, council and community of theburgh in favour of payment to Master Oliver Coult for advocate fee, 12 March 1589
16. Charter by James VI in favour of his Lords of his secret Council empowering them to act against thieves and forbidding witchcraft, pickery and sorning, 4 August 1589
17. Charter by John Leslie Lord of Balquhyne in favour of Robert Waus, Inverness burgess, for a certain sum of money, 5 February 1591
18. Charter in favour of John Leslie Lord of Balquhyne and Robert Waus, burgess of Inverness, 16 May 1592

For guidance on the use of images and other content, please see the Terms and Conditions page.High Life Highland is a company limited by guarantee registered in Scotland No. SC407011 and is a registered Scottish charity No. SC042593

Inventory of Burgh Documents, 16th Century (6 of


(endorsement by James IV 1504)

4. Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Moray, 19 August 1501

5. Charter by burgesses of Inverness presenting John Nairn to chaplaincy of St Peter at Inverness Parish Church, 4 October 1501

6. Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Moray, of grants by William de Bught, Alexander Waus, and Elizabeth Pylche in favour of St Michael's altar, Inverness Parish Church, 13 October 1508

7. Charter (Instrument and Infeftment) by bailies and aldermen of Inverness of the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, in favour of John Auchlek, 28 December 1508

8. Charter (Instrument of Protest) against the instance of certain trades within the Lordship of Ardmannoch, hindered by the Bailie of the Lordship from crossing Kessock ferry with their goods to the Fair ofthe Holy Cross of Inverness, 13 September 1509

9. Charter by James, Bishop of Moray appointing duties to parish clerks, together with fines for neglect of duties, 22 August 1523

10. Charter (Letters of Induction) granted by Magnus Waus, vicar of Abertarff on his presentation to the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, 20 November 1536

11. Charter (Feu) by Lord John Waus, chaplain of St Michael, Inverness Parish Church, to Matthew Waus, 14 July 1542

12. Charter (of presentation, Collation and Induction) by Patrick, Bishop of Moray, in favour of his son, Lord Patrick Anderson, presenting him to the chaplaincy of St Catherine, Inverness Parish Church, 20 November 1542

13. Charter (of confirmation) by Mary Queen of Scots approving and ratifying the heritable rights of the


amateurs can afford the time it takes to find the rarest species.

Lougheed has delved deeply into a nest of such problems involving BC fossils – most notably the spectacularly preserved tracks of dinosaurs in Kakwa Provincial Park. And she has done a splendid job of putting these incidents in a broader context of BC and Alberta paleontology as well as cases farther afield – including Pete Larson’s prison term in South Dakota. Partly because the broader context is so well developed, this book should be required reading for all amateur fossil collectors and, especially, the professionals. I am not aware of any treatment as broad or as balanced as this one.

Reviewer bio:

David Raup (retired University of Chicago paleontologist and a former curator of the Field Museum of NaturalAdolescent Sexual Experimentation Should Not Be a Crime [Commentary]

Annotation

Morris Ploscowe was a graduate of Harvard law school who served as chief clerk of the Court of Special Sessions, and later as magistrate, in New York City. Ploscowe also served on the staff of the Wickersham Commission that investigated Prohibition and a variety of other crimes in the U.S. By the 1950s, he was an influential commentator on criminal and family law.

The book from which this excerpt is drawn had a major influence on policymaking in the area of sex crime, including the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code, a touchstone for law reform into the 1980s. Ploscowe's commentary on the age of consent is notable for how it employs new ideas about adolescence and for its emphasis on


some other girl, or when the girl's relatives disapprove of the boyfriend, then a charge of rape is likely to be made. . . . There is growing recognition that it is unfair to characterize this situation, involving sexual experimentation of adolescents, as a felonious rape. In many of these cases grand juries simply refuse to indict and juries fail to convict, even though there may have been no question but that rape was technically committed. In New York, the legislature at the 1950 session made it possible to treat sexual intercourse of boys under 21 with girls under eighteen as a misdemeanor instead of a felony, as theretofore. The punishment prescribed became a normal maximum of one year instead of the ten-year maximum for statutory rape, asF.E. Warren Air Force Base at Cheyenne, Wyoming. Following an Air Force decision to divest ACC of all ICBM units and assets, the 341 MW was subsequently transferred to Air Force Space Command located at Peterson Air Force Base at Colorado Springs, Colorado.  This mid-1993 move merged all missile and space operations under one command.  In October 1997, the 341 MW, along with all other missile wings, was redesignated as the 341st Space Wing (341 SW).

In 1994, the 43 ARW was downgraded in status and redesignated as the 43d Air Refueling Group (43 ARG).  In 1996, the 43 ARG and its KC-135R aircraft were transferred from Malmstrom to MacDill AFB at Tampa, Florida, as part of a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) action, merging with


certifications after it was discovered that several officers were trading proficiency test answers amongst each other through text messages. It began in 2013, when evidence of cheating was discovered during a drug investigation involving three launch officers. This resulted in over 90 nuclear launch officers being suspended from their duties and at least nine senior officers around the base were removed from command with a tenth resigning. Though all ten officers were not involved in the scandal, the Secretary of the Air Force at the time Deborah Lee James, stated that they were removed for "not providing proper oversight amongst their crew force". Additional investigations were conducted at Minot AFB, ND and F. E. Warren AFB, WY to see if the scandal spread to other bases. No evidenceaccess the balcony from opposite sides about a third of the way forward.
The auditorium is entered from the back with two aisle creating three seating areas. The rectangular two story high hall is designed for movies with a shallow stage and wings. Curves are visible throughout with a cove ceiling and curved walls from the proscenium.. The classical ornamentation is cast plaster on the walls, ceiling, proscenium, and balcony railing. The proscenium displays the richest plaster relief work consisting of an entablature with classical piers. Two cherubs blowing long trumpets and separated by a lighted torch are perched atop the proscenium. On each side of the proscenium is a screened area, which once held organ pipes. The areas are ornamented with cast plaster grills capped by eagles and


River Plate coach Marcelo Gallardo is being linked to manage FC Barcelona.

Lionel Messi may soon be managed by another Argentine at FC Barcelona. A report by TNT Sports states that Gallardo is in line to replace current Barcelona coach Ernesto Valverde.

Despite winning consecutive league titles, there are rumors that the current coach could be on his way out. Gallardo is a two time Copa Libertadores winner with River Plate and defeated Boca Juniors 2-0 in the first leg of the semi finals.

Marcelo Gallardo has continental success in South America and a move to Barcelona would be his first coaching job in Europe.It wasn't always so visible or attractive, remembered Vincent Astor, who wrote the center's first bylaws.

The center's first home was a rented storefront on Madison near Claybrook, Astor said. The building wasn't in the best condition and organizers relied on donations to furnish it.

"Everybody had a sofa they didn't want," said Astor, the city's unofficial LGBT historian. "So the community center at first looked like second-hand sofa city."

"We had to diplomatically wheel some of those out so we'd have room to do something."

Today, the current center occupies a tidy bungalow with a rainbow flag out front. Its location on Cooper puts it on the main drag through the city's hippest neighborhood.

The original mission was to be a space for LGBT teens and those who wanted to gather somewhere


Arkansas or Mississippi, which makes the center a refuge from the often-hostile environment in other parts of the South.

"You drive 50 miles to Mississippi and you're back 25 years," Astor said.

Or drive 200 miles east, where nearly every legislative session, a Republican makes headlines with yet another bill designed to discriminate.

This year's stinker was the "Turn Away the Gays" bill, served up by state Sen. Brian Kelsey, R-Germantown. Senate Bill 2566 would have given cover to any person or business that refused service to same-sex couples under the guise of religious objections.

The bill's opponents included straight allies like noted Memphis chef Kelly English, who posted this on Facebook: "The offer is on the table: I will host a political fundraiser for this guy's opponent in the next election.What a piece of garbage."

Kelsey withdrew his name from the bill, which was shelved for this legislative session but could return in January.

"Progress comes in fits and starts," May acknowledged. "It's not always a forward arc."

But in just the last decade, the pace has picked up. Marriage equality came to 17 states and the District of Columbia, the federal Defense of Marriage Act was repealed, the military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy died and the city of Memphis passed a nondiscrimination ordinance.

But it's only been 18 years since the state's anti-sodomy law was struck down.

On Valentine's Day, Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health released a study with discouraging news: Living where anti-gay prejudice is high shortens the life expectancy of LGBT people by an average of 12


Proceedings.
Mary Kennedy practices law in Waterloo, Iowa. She was admitted to the practice of law in Iowa in 1993. Prior to beginning her career as a lawyer, she worked first as a cosmetologist and later with the Department of Human Services for twenty years. Kennedy attended college and law school during this time and was a single parent. She primarily practices in the area of family law, but is also active in juvenile and mental health cases. She has a professional reputation as being knowledgeable and skillful in her work.
Three separate complaints were filed with the Board by clients of Kennedy, which gave rise to this proceeding. In one matter, Kennedy represented Jeffrey Baker in a postconviction relief proceeding. The proceeding was filed in 2001, and Baker wasand later failed to respond to an inquiry by the district court concerning the absence of the brief. Ultimately, the district court removed Kennedy from the case and appointed new counsel.
In another matter, Kennedy agreed to represent JoAnn Carr in March 2002 for the purpose of establishing a voluntary guardianship on behalf of her granddaughter. Carr had physical custody of the granddaughter and had been her caretaker for many years. Kennedy charged a flat fee of $250 for her services, which Carr paid in July 2002. Kennedy did not deposit the fee in her trust account. Kennedy had prepared the petition and other necessary documents by this time, but never *259 filed the petition or secured an order establishing the guardianship. Carr made several inquiries about the status


of the case after the fee was paid, but Kennedy failed to respond. Kennedy claimed she did not promptly file the petition because she was waiting for one of the child's parents to forward a written consent to the guardianship to her. She further claimed she did not file the petition after the consent was received because Carr had filed a complaint with the Board. Kennedy failed to respond to the Board inquiry of the complaint.
In the remaining matter, Kennedy agreed to represent Connie Rau for the purpose of establishing a guardianship on behalf of her grandson. Rau was a South Dakota resident and the grandson was involved in a juvenile proceeding in Waterloo. Kennedy charged a flat fee of $250, and Rau paid the fee. Kennedy didnot deposit the fee in her trust account. Kennedy also never filed the petition to establish the guardianship. She decided to first seek directions from the juvenile court before filing the petition. This delayed matters, and the client eventually employed another lawyer in South Dakota to set up the guardianship. Kennedy never returned the fee or made an accounting. She also failed to respond to the Board inquiry into the matter.
Kennedy has had no prior disciplinary actions against her. Following the filing of the complaints, she hired a bookkeeper to handle her office finances and reduced her caseload. She has also sought counseling.

II. Board Complaint.
The Board charged Kennedy with numerous violations of the Code of Professional Responsibility. It claimed Kennedy, in all three cases, violated DR 6-101(A)(3) (neglect


the national myth of a small island nation, which, not for the last time, held its own against a world of enemies, thus preserving freedom and independence for itself and Europe against an ambitious and tyrannical foe.

In his book on England and the Spanish Armada, the author is determined to challenge this perception in more than one respect. McDermott starts his survey of Anglo-Spanish relations with Pope Alexander VI's decree Inter Caetera, which in 1493 divided the extra-European world into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. Against the legend of an almost indifferent England pitted against an aggressive, belligerent, and oppressive Spanish world power, the author holds that "the apparently reactive policies of Elisabeth's government were often counter responses to Philip's attempts to respond to increasingly bold assaultsby Englishmen upon his assets, dominions and sovereign prerogatives." Doing so, he tells the story from an almost exclusively English contemporary perspective, while "the Spanish 'story' of the approach is contextual, not central" (p. xiv). This, however, creates some problems for the reader, as will be discussed later.

Starting from Inter Caetera, the long way to war is followed from the reign of the two Tudor Henrys (VII and VIII), the episode of the boy-king Edward VI, the stirring years of "Bloody" Mary and finally Elizabeth I, with the stream of the narrative growing wider towards the culmination point of 1588, and then narrowing again into a few pages covering the aftermath. Initially, both countries were allies, bound together by shared distrust toward the growing power of Valois France


and mutual commercial interests. Activities of English merchants touched Hapsburg territories almost everywhere, with trade colonies being established in several Spanish harbors. The main hubs of commerce were the markets in the Spanish Netherlands. The economic welfare of many Flemish cities depended directly on the English trade. The situation of these sensitive commercial communities with their far-reaching networks had an influence on public opinion. Sanctions against Anglo-Spanish merchants influenced public opinion in England, while the termination of trade in time of war eventually forced the end of an earlier Anglo-Spanish conflict, because harbor blockades and the sequestration of ships and goods brought economic life in the Spanish Netherlands to a standstill, and with it income for influential investors on both sides.

One major reason for Spanish sanctions, against whichthe English side often retaliated, were attacks of English privateers against Spanish transatlantic trade routes, coastal towns in the Caribbean, and increasingly against the Spanish silver fleets. Since each armed conflict in western Europe increased the number of privateers, and English merchantmen in particular used piracy tactics to enforce access to the otherwise closed markets in the western hemisphere, their activities posed a threat to the very existence of especially Spanish long-distance trade. Sanctions and retaliations against them, eventually resolved by mutual agreements about countermeasures and the occasional payment of indemnifications, were part and parcel of sixteenth-century diplomacy. They were, however, in themselves no reason for war, as the author points out. War was always much more damaging to commerce and economy than living with the risk of


losing a ship load here and there to freebooters; the ships and their crews themselves usually survived such encounters.

However, the decade-long tit-for-tat of piracy and sanctions, the ascent of family-based syndicates like the Drakes and the Raleighs, eroded the substance of Anglo-Spanish relations. Another factor adding to the deterioration relations was the Anglo-Spanish War against France, which--in the English perspective--was ended by Charles V at the expense of England, which had to surrender Calais. This was only one aspect of the five-year rule of Mary Tudor, which contributed considerably to the decline of the "auld alliance" with Spain. Her marriage with the Hapsburg heir to the throne, Philip, triggered strong protests among the English elite, many of whom feared an unfriendly takeover despite several clauses in the marriagearrogance, a fear of growing Spanish power, and a rejection of what was felt as a growing dependence on the Hapsburg dominions, i.e. the negative elements of what could be described in positive terms as the emergence of an "Englishness" in proto-nationalist terms.

According to McDermott, Mary's rather violent anti-Reformation politics, which claimed about 2,000 English victims, were not blamed on the Spanish presence. Nevertheless, the Catholic-Protestant rift in Europe became more and more a driving force in Anglo-Spanish relations. During the first years of Elizabeth's reign, especially as long as Philip hoped for a marriage with the young and attractive queen, Catholic circles did not receive much support from Madrid. During the 1560s, the first cracks in the Anglo-Spanish relationship resulted from pressures upon the countries' mutual interests


which were neither of either ruler's making nor within their control. The Union of the Crowns of Portugal and Spain, the low ebb of Protestant political power in Europe, and the decline of France seemed to be stepping stones for Hapsburg ascension to world power. England, which had always supported the anti-Spanish revolt in the Netherlands to a certain extent, significantly geared up its assistance when the Duke of Alba appeared in the Netherlands with a major army to crush the rebellion once and for all. The low-level conflict which also involved French Huguenots became a fully fledged war, and Protestant England feared it was next in line after the rebels were disposed of. Consequently, Elizabeth geared up English assistance to the rebels and did nothing to containthe attacks of English, Huguenot, and Flemish "sea beggars" (often based in English harbors) and the daring raids into the Caribbean against Spanish and French Catholic commerce. Here, the Guise-led St. Bartholomew Day's Massacre had a lasting impact on the overall English sentiment towards Catholicism and its Spanish champion. Eventually, the melange of a few major and many more minor elements led to the impression on the English side--in the words of Elizabeth's chief advisor Cecil--of an imminent threat through a conspiracy of two monarchs and a pope. Philip, on the other hand, saw Elizabeth as the head of an emerging alliance of all Protestant princes in Europe, thus adding to Philip's sea of troubles with the rebellion in the Netherlands, unrest in Spain and the aggressive Ottoman


great power in the Mediterranean and North Africa. From 1567/68 on, the overall political situation in western Europe deteriorated markedly, leading to a four-year crisis, which McDermott describes as the "first Cold War" (p. 64). It became clear that an enduring peaceful coexistence between England and its two powerful Catholic neighbors could no longer be expected.

The forces that dragged both sides into a "wider European struggle for the soul of Christianity" (p. 92) were stronger than the intention of the monarchs to reach a further negotiated settlement. The traditional diplomatic channels and instruments of crisis management and conflict resolution were ever more visibly unable to control the forces which drove towards a solution by armed conflict. Thus the agreement of February 1572 provided only a lull in thecoming storm. When the connection between Catholic faith, Spanish barbarism in the Netherlands, and the massacre of Protestants in France became firmly entrenched in English public opinion, every move of the Catholic powers in Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands was transformed from the more or less accepted Renaissance power play to a lethal threat to the very existence of English identity. Mary Stuart (and the innumerable plots and conspiracies associated with her years in England) was the living symbol for the option of a regime change in London, which Philip still preferred to an open war. The Catholic Fifth Column and their Spanish supporters were suspected of seeking to drive England into a civil war as they had done in the Netherlands. During the 1580s, England became ever


more active in supporting the cornered rebels there, plotting with a Portuguese pretender, and, of course, openly fostering privateering, which did more damage to Spanish interests than ever before. Quite obviously, Elizabeth did not fully realize that all these isolated measures, actions, and reactions were perceived in Madrid as elements of an integrated anti-Spanish design.

The eighteen-year Anglo-Spanish War eventually began in 1585, when Francis Drake left Portsmouth with twenty-five ships, two of them royal property, for an extended expedition into his transatlantic hunting grounds. This was proceeded by the dispatch of 7,000 English regulars to the Netherlands some weeks before. Two years later, the execution of Mary Stuart, which aroused the outrage of Catholic Europe, triggered Philip's decision for a major military effort against this provocation. Ten daysafter receiving the message of Mary Stuart's execution, he ordered the assembly of the Armada.

From here on, a well-known story is retold, though once more almost exclusively from an English perspective. McDermott analyzes moves and countermoves, providing a lot of detailed information. He sees the major English advantages as lying less in technology, human resources, or seamanship. On the contrary, the Spanish crews and soldiers are highly praised for their bravery and stubbornness while the leadership of its captains (especially that of Medina Sidonia, who managed to get his Armada through the English Channel without major losses) are also highly rated. The English fleet's main advantage was its much more homogeneous organization on land and at sea. In just two months, they had their ships equipped, manned, provisioned,


and assembled--something the clumsy Spanish bureaucracy hardly achieved in a year and a half. And as the campaign showed, English leadership and organization was much more flexible and adaptable to changing conditions.

When the Armada came in reach of the English coast, its target was by no means obvious. The options included landing troops in Ireland or Scotland to gain local support and establish a base for further operations, an independent landing--it carried enough soldiers and equipment--somewhere along the English coast or linking up with the strong army of the Marquis of Parma in the Netherlands for a joint landing, or even a pincer move by two independent amphibious assaults.

England's defense rested firmly on its ships. In contrast to the fleet which ranked as the strongest naval establishment ofits time, the army lagged behind in every way. The possible outcome of a field battle between the English levies and the Spanish tercios is pure speculation. But while the English fleet was considered the world's leading naval force, the Spanish tercios were in turn the most formidable battle formation on land.

Contrary to the legend, at sea it was by no means the few against the many. During the battle, the number of ships was almost equal, although about only twenty-five of the English ships could dare to challenge the ninety biggest Spanish ones on equal footing. The Spanish held a numerical superiority of soldiers--not seaman--on board, which forced the English ships to avoid the boarding battles the Spanish were looking for. Since artillery was only effective at


close range, the superior Spanish infantry fire did indeed have an impact, because it endangered the crews of the enemy. Lord Howard reacted by increasing the number of soldiers in the course of the battle. This was another advantage to the English side--since they were close to their bases, they were able to reinforce and re-supply easily. Several times during the campaign, particularly heavily engaged fighting ships--the numerous armed merchantmen were less combative--had to have their stores replenished after shooting their gunpowder magazines empty. Lack of ammunition finally ended the campaign for the English fleet because England's available gunpowder supply was almost exhausted. There was barely left enough to keep the important fortresses and the army provisioned.

When the Spanish host approached English waters, it did so with theleast promising plan. In order to link up with the Duke of Parma's army, the Armada had to pass the Channel unnoticed or to make the cooperation work under English guns. The first option was almost impossible in the presence of about ninety English ships in Plymouth. This number--while an additional smaller concentration kept the Flemish coast under close surveillance against a sortie of Parma--made the second option at least as unlikely. When the Armada entered the Channel, it "was almost defeated in its objectives," according to the author. Critics should take into account that this upcoming running battle between 300 ships on both sides was "a conflict … beyond contemporary experience" (p. 217).

By July 20th, the three squadrons based in Plymouth lifted anchor and sailed against the


approaching Armada, attacking the horns of its half-moon-shaped formation and causing two Spanish ship losses by accident and the explosion of a powder magazine. The second day brought no major action, because Drake wasted his time capturing and looting an already damaged Spanish galleon--something Martin Frobisher later called outright desertion. Danger loomed from July 23rd to 25th, when the wind kept the English from putting themselves between Armada and the coast of Dorset and Hampshire, which contained several convenient landing spots, and it was only Medina Sidonia's strict obedience to his sovereign's orders that prevented a landing. English attacks against the Armada's rearguard did more damage to Spanish morale than to the ships. These gunnery duels "graphically demonstrated clearly the superior fighting qualities of the English ships." (p.231) They also demonstrated that no English guns-not even the later idolized "ship-smashing" 9-pdrs--could break the massive wooden hulls of the heavy galleons. In addition, the conduct of most Spanish ships was as competent as it was brave, and as a leader in battle, McDermott gives equal credit to Medina Sidonia as to his English counterpart, Lord Howard.

Neither one single encounter nor the naval campaign as a whole can itself be described as a decisive victory from a military point of view. The best English opportunity slipped away when six fire ships that were launched against the anchoring Armada at Calais duly caused panic and disorder. The opportunity to pick up unprotected individual ships was, however, missed, and when Drake and Hawkins finally attacked they took on the


strongest Spanish unit, the flagship San Martin. It was soon reinforced, and the squadron bought enough time for the remaining ships to regain their formation. This was definitely the fiercest fight of the campaign, and its last. Out of ammunition, any pursuit was impossible for the defenders. The Armada was still capable of landing troops anywhere in England or Scotland, but not of joining Parma. The wind pressed it away from the Flemish coast into the North Sea, where the Armada's final destruction was left to the hostile elements of nature. By August 2nd, the English fleet lost all contact and so does the reader.

The exclusive focus on the English side makes this otherwise outstanding work not an easy read. It is therefore definitely not a stand-alone generalhistory of the Armada campaign and even less a military history. One cannot really appreciate the wealth of this book without a more than basic knowledge about sixteenth-century European history and an even deeper insight into the intricacies of English domestic politics. Particularly in the first two thirds of the text dealing with the international and domestic power play there are frequent leaps between events and periods. There are no graphs, no sketches, and above all no maps. The reader therefore needs to have a good map of western Europe, the Channel, and England at hand since in visualizing the deployment and moves of the naval encounters the reader is left completely to his or her own devices. The very detailed, vivid descriptions of the naval encounters and


treatment didn't take so he goes in for a closer inspection. He tastes her pussy juices and apparently determines on one cure is necessary and that's a good fucking. Once the hardcore ensues the cheese begins to dissipate. However, the majority of these films are hardcore and few of them delve into any serious medical fetish activities.

Final Verdict

The small amount of exclusive content won't make you jump for joy, but at least the video quality is good and the storylines, while sometimes right-whacked, are hot. However, there is a major problem with Horny In Hospital. The last time it was open for business was over a year ago and I didn't see any indication that it would be receiving any new patients soon.

Members Area ScreenShots

Sample Pictures

HornyInHospital is partMathieson, it was actually the first batter of the game — he had to leave with an elbow injury which resulted in him having Tommy John surgery. Wood and Trucks faced six and four batters, respectively.

Those who couldn’t find the strike zone

Rudy May and Sid Hudson share the forgettable record of walking five batters without recording an out in a start. Dock Ellis holds the hit-by-pitch record, pegging three out of the four opponents he faced before getting yanked in a 1974 start. But perhaps the most humiliating of this category are those who walked every batter they faced before getting pulled. This has happened 101 times, but the most batters faced with all receiving a free pass is four, done fifteen times by the following hurlers:

Teams that


On June 9, 1967 recorded a -3% WPA against the Cardinals. Oddly enough, his counterpart Bob Gibson failed to make it out of the first inning too, although Hall-of-Famer retired two batters.

Worst and Best ZOS, per Game Score

Unlike WPA, Game Score exists for all seasons because it’s simple in its computation. The worst performance in a ZOS, per Game Score, is seven. Two pitchers discussed previously have hit this low: Paul Wilson (twice) and Blake Stein (once). These low scores were in the same games they faced a record eight batters. The best Game Score in a ZOS? 50, which is the starting point for the metric. Three pitchers have accomplished this: Babe Ruth in 1916, Johnny Welch in 1933, and Scott Elarton in 2001. All three facedPages

Combat Map - Turn 5

Thursday, August 25, 2011

The Sinister Spire - Turn Results 37

Mr. Wolfe moved to the side at the direction from Thurstan. The monster attacked the wolf from the ground, biting it for 10 damage. The wolf bit back hitting and dealing 7 damage. Clint attacked with Merthύvial and his shortsword but missed the invisible monster with both. Dargoth executed a mighty swing, power attacking the monster with his bastard sword. The blow landed true dealing 37 damage and slicing clean through the monster, killing it.

A careful examination of the area revealed 13 mushrooms matching the description provided by Es Sarch. It takes only a few rounds to harvest the fungi.

A drow corpse was also found. It was wearing magic chainmail made from fine silver links


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   Duke filed a charge of harassment against Losada with Employee
Relations Representative Diane Whaley. He reported feeling harassed
because he had been startled by the suddenness with which Losada
opened the door and because Losada forced upon him literature he did
not want during his limited time for lunch. He stated that he was
"tired of this group having the right to approach him." Though she
had not interviewed Losada, Whaley gave Duke’s complaint to
Employee Relations Manager Larry Williams. Williams referred the
matter to the PMPC because Consolidated’s harassment policy was
implicated by the fact that Duke "clearly [was] offended" by Losada.

   Williams opened the PMPC meeting by stating the allegations and
noting that the process could end in disciplinary action, including ter-
mination. During the meeting, Losada recognized


When one said "no, but you can
have this one," Wrenn responded, "why are ya’ll so blind," and began
arguing his point of view. Team member Kathy Mills told Wrenn that
those present did not want to hear what he had to say. During the
course of the incident, Wrenn referenced the team-based management
system and claimed credit for introducing the Martin Luther King hol-
iday at the plant. Tim Engleking, one of the team members present,
believed Wrenn had gestured to him when Wrenn said that "they" did
not want the Company to recognize the King holiday. Engleking
believed Wrenn was trying to create racial tension within the team
                  CONSOLIDATED DIESEL CO v. NLRB                          C.

   Several employees reported observing Consolidated’s security
guards confiscating copies of the Unity News that had been left for
employees in team rooms. Ethel Jones testified that, in October or
November of 1995, she saw a security guard take several copies of
the leaflet from a team room. Callen Parker testified that, in October
of 1995, he observed a guard enter a team room and collect union lit-
erature. Zachary Means testified that, in September or October of
1995, a security guard interrupted a team meeting and took the acting
coordinator out into the hallway. He then re-entered the room and
informed the members present that he "would have to pick up" all of
the


The Will and Testament

Lalana Sukha stepped out of the van a looked up at the mansion that towered over her menacingly. It was a huge, gothic building that was dripping with ornate stone and unforgiving iron fixtures. The windows looked like tiny slits that didn't appear as though they would allow enough light to fill a small bathroom. To Lalana the mansion and its grounds looked like an ominous castle from a fairy tale. A place where an ogre or witch might live. It was further exacerbated by the fact the leaves of the oak trees surrounding the building had dropped for fall and the flowers were all dead. Lalana felt a chill go through her as she considered the fact that this place was her new home.The driver from the airport brought her only bag from the back of the van, tipped his hat, and then got back in the van and drove away. Lalana was now completely alone in a new country with a new job and no new friends. If she weren't so tough, she'd probably be terrified.

But she was tough. It came from her upbringing. Lalana had been born in rural Thailand to farmers but had run away from home when she was merely 12 years old to go to Bangkok. It should be noted at the time that Lalana was not a girl. She was a little boy who went to Bangkok. But even then she'd known she was destined to be a ladyboy. She'd always known she was supposed


to be a woman and pursued her goal doggedly. During her childhood years she worked many odd jobs and saved money. She used that money to begin her transition into womanhood. Because she started early, her transition was nearly flawless. And her beauty did not go unnoticed. Shortly after her 18th birthday, Lalana was recruited by a pimp. The pimp taught her how to pleasure men and women and she learned English and Japanese to appeal to sex tourists.

Lalana enjoyed her life. She loved sex and also loved the wild life of a prostitute. While many would find it hard to believe, it was the life she had intended and she felt no qualms about it. She considered her life as a whore as payment for becoming thewoman she wanted to be.

As a result of her intense beauty, she was much in demand. She had long black hair and violet eyes. Her body was thin and wispy as befitted a poor woman, but it was healthy and her breasts were large for tiny body at 32-B. She was 5'3 and 110lbs. Her eyes were large and her lips were thick and pink. She had skin that was a deep olive color and she had high, feminine cheekbones that gave her face a warm, carefree appearance. Her legs were thin but athletic and looked long despite her short stature. She was especially proud of her long nipples and tight, round butt. She felt that she had turned out exactly as she had always desired. However, after


nearly six years as a prostitute, her pimp wanted her to transition farther. To remove her penis. The pimp informed her that he wanted her to change and then become his wife. Despite everything, this was one request that Lalana would never allow. She flatly refused.

As a result, her pimp had given her a vicious beating. She had been left for dead in an alley in one of the roughest parts of town. Through luck or fate, one of Lalana's former clients had been in the area and had seen her. Leaving his new prostitute he collected Lalana in his arms and took her to a hospital. When she had adequately recovered he offered to use some of his connections and help her get out of Bangkok andout of the country. He claimed he could get her a green card to go to America. She had consented and the man had been as good as his word. Now, at the age of 24, she was standing in front of a house where her former client had gotten her a job as a housekeeper. It was the start of a new, safer life. The best part was that here she was a woman and everyone who looked at her knew it. Despite her fear of the house, she was excited.

Lalana picked up her only bag and headed to the door. She had always had the things she needed when she was in Thailand. Plenty of clothes and food to make sure that the pimp's investment in


her body yielded dividends. When she left, she took next to nothing. She was wearing a pair of jeans and a white tank top. She had no bra and no underwear. Her bag contained another tank-top and a pair of sweatpants. This was all she had in the world. She reached the door and nervously raised her hand to knock. She paused for a minute. When she knocked on the door a new life would begin immediately. She raised her delicate hand to the door and knocked twice.

A few minutes later the door opened ominously. There was no one at the door. Lalana leaned into the house and took a look around. She would later learn that the house was wired for just about everything. There were automaticdoors, showers, washing machines; everything was run on a central system that she would never understand. She took a tentative step into the house and looked around. As ancient as the mansion had looked from the outside, it looked modern on the inside. There were beautiful hardwood floors, expensive overstuffed furniture, and the most expensive electronics that Lalana had ever seen. She was standing in the foyer and it was larger than the lobby of some of the hotels she had worked in. There was a large, marble staircase directly ahead of her with beautiful, ornate handrails. She could see a kitchen with tile floors through a door to the right of the stairs. She looked to the right and saw through another door, a large dining room


with works of art of the wall and a gigantic china hutch filled with delicate plates and saucers. Finally, she looked to the right and saw a living room with large, white couches and a big screen TV.

It was here that she finally saw people. There were a handful of people sitting in the living room watching television. They didn't even seem to notice that Lalana was there. She was very confused. It seemed both rude and strange that they didn't come to greet her and show her where she was going to work and live. She considered calling to them but decided it would be better if she walked into the room.

She set her bag down next to the door and walked into the living room. Whenshe entered she could better see the four women who were sitting on various couches, eating, and relaxing. They didn't take any notice of her at first. She stood uncomfortably and then walked in front of the television. It was as if she had broken a spell, suddenly they were standing up, embarrassed and prepared to introduce themselves.

"I am so sorry," a blonde woman said, "my name is Tessa Crone we were sort of caught up in the television and didn't hear you come in. You must be Lalana." All of the women in the room were beautiful. Despite the fact that she was the oldest at 40, Tessa was no exception. She was one of the taller and fuller women in the room but still very petite


at 5'5 140lbs. She looked like the kind of beautiful, voluptuous women that Lalana always pictured when she thought of Americans. She had medium length light blonde hair and large blue eyes. She had a perfect hourglass build and milky white skin. Her breasts were large 34-Cs and still looked taut and young under her sweater. Her smile was broad and her teeth were absolutely perfect behind her thick, deep red lips. Her face was gorgeous; she looked like she was a movie star who was just outside of the pin-up stage and entering her cougar stage. "This is my daughter, Andrea"

Andrea looked a good deal like her mother. Lalana would always think of Andrea as the quintessential American cheerleader. She was a the shortest girl in theroom, a mere 5'1, 98lbs pixie at the age of 18. Surprisingly, despite her size she had relatively large 30-B breasts, making her look even more like a small version of her mother. She had a bubbly look and attitude that shone through her bright green eyes and winning smile. She had soft, light skin and a slightly upturned nose. It was clear that she was going to develop the same hourglass shape as her mother, but she was still young and a bit thin in the hips. Her stomach was flat and her legs looked athletic in her short shorts.

"It is a pleasure to meet you ma'am," Lalana said, first taking Tessa's hand and then her daughter's.

"Oh my goodness, your English is absolutely flawless," The other adult


woman in the room said with sincere regard, "My name is Cindy Walker and this is my daughter Felicity."

Cindy Walker was a bit younger than Tessa at 35 years old. She was also a bit smaller at 5'4 and 120lbs. She had the body of a yoga instructor and a bit of a terse look that made such a profession likely for her. She had beautiful light red hair and deep almond colored eyes. She did not appear to smile, but instead gave a sly grin with her thick, pink lips. She had a few freckles on her face that gave her the appearance of being a bit younger than she was and her body completed the illusion. She had small 32-A breasts and thin, lithe legs. Herbuild was closer to that of a super model, with small breasts and a very skinny, delicate build. It was a look that Lalana had always wanted to capture and hoped that she, in some way, managed.

Again the mother looked remarkably like her daughter. Felicity Walker held the distinction of being both the youngest and the tallest girl in the room. She was also 18 years old, 5'7 and a mere 115lbs. While her mother was too short to completely get the supermodel look down, Felicity almost completely pulled it off with her thin, wiry frame and her perfectly sized 32-B breasts. Her face was also gorgeous. She had long, blood red hair and deep brown eyes. She too had a few freckles on her face but appeared


more willing to smile than her mother. She had braces on her teeth but it somehow accentuated her youthful beauty and her face exuded a warmth and calm.

Lalana felt intimidated by all of these beautiful women but was excited that she was apparently passing beautifully as a woman here. They suspected nothing it seemed and were impressed with her English. Things were going well. But there was something she was a bit confused about.

"It is very nice to meet all of you," she said when she had finished shaking all of their hands, "My name is Lalana and..."

"Oh that is such a pretty name," Andrea said in her bubbly fashion. Her mother gave her a stern look for interrupting and Lalana blushed at the compliment.

"Thank you very much,"explained, giving her sister a very unpleasant look. Cindy acted as though she didn't notice, but she surely must have.

"Our father," Cindy said, admitting what Tessa had claimed, "Is a very sick man. He stays up in his room all of the time and it is a very difficult process to go and see him. You would be required to take a shower and then put on sterile clothing. I am afraid my father is not long for this world."

"I am very sorry to hear that," Lalana said and she was telling the truth for both selfish and unselfish reasons. For one she was truly thankful to this man she had never met for helping her get to America and giving her a job where she could be


safe and warm and happy. She didn't want anything bad to happen to him. More cynically, she knew that if he died she would be out of work and there would be a chance she could get deported.

"Well that is why my daughter and I came here," Tessa explained, "To take care of him and make sure he lasts a very long time."

"We came here to take care of him as well," Cindy said, putting her arm around Felicity. The two young girls looked a bit uncomfortable. It was clear that neither one of them was particularly thrilled about whatever sort of rivalries existed between their respective mothers.

"Well I am very glad that Mr. Horne is in the hands of those who love him," Lalana said, trying tois a fantastic idea. You are such a smart girl," Tessa said, praising her niece and drawing the ire of her sister for her kindness. Felicity took her mother by the hand and led her out of the room towards the kitchen. Tessa looked relieved and actually seemed to relax now. Things felt less tense and less wooden. Lalana would learn that it was a rare event indeed when Cindy and Tessa could be found in the same room together.

"Where were we?" Tessa asked when her relatives had left the room.

"You were going to tell her what her job was about," Andrea said and winked at Lalana as if to apologize for the adults. Lalana was struck by the fact that she was only a couple of years


disappointed about getting a basement room but she had been wholly wrong. They walked down the basement stairs and they had plush carpet and beautiful white walls. When they reached the bottom of the stairs there were two doors on either side and another directly ahead.

"The door to the left leads to the bar and the rumpus room, to the left is the guest room and straight ahead is your suite. We will leave you here," she said and Andrea gave a cute smile and handed Lalana her bag. Lalana walked ahead and opened the door.

She almost fell over. She walked into a full kitchen with tile floors and stainless steel appliances. It appeared that, although she was in the basement, the back side of the house wason a lower level than the front of the house. As a result, while she had walked to the front door at ground level, by the time you got to the backyard, the basement floor was at ground level. Taking advantage of this, her kitchen had a sliding glass window that allowed her out into the backyard. She passed through a door near her fridge...HER FRIDGE, and came to her bedroom. It was all too much. There was a giant, four post queen sized bed in the middle of the bedroom. There were several large windows in the room and the light flooded her room and made it bright and cheerful. The room was very large and on one side there was the beautiful bed and on the


other was a large overstuffed couch and a large screen television. Her bedroom was more like two rooms, a sleeping chamber and a living room. She saw another door and correctly guessed it was the bathroom. It had a large Jacuzzi tub and the other fixtures were stunning.

Lalana went back out into her bedroom and flopped down on her bed and looked at the perfect sheetrock ceiling and breathed in the clean smell of her home and sighed deeply. Maybe being a maid was going to be a lot better than she had expected, she thought carefully. Little did she know that she was just beginning to learn the strange wonders of her new life.

Chapter 2: Learning Some Secrets

Slowly Lalana started to get used to the way inwhich things worked in the Horne household. It was like four separate households. There was her house in the basement, the Walker's house, the Crone's house, and the mysterious Horne residence in the attic. Everyone seemed to keep to themselves. There was a delicate dance in the kitchen in which the Crone's took turns cooking meals so that the other family wouldn't be there with them. They each made "grandpa" a meal three times a day and took it up, thinking the other wasn't paying attention. The daughter, Andrea and Felicity, kept up a good front when their mothers were around but Lalana noticed that when they didn't think anyone was listening they would talk to one another or go outside in the hedge maze and hang out.


They even rode to school together in Andrea's car. Neither of the mother's knew this, they thought Felicity took the bus.

But that wasn't really much of Lalana's concern. Her primary goal each day was to clean seven rooms. She liked the fact that her three rooms were included in the 21 rooms she had to clean and she saved them all up for each third day so that she only had to clean four. She especially liked it when it worked out that it was Saturday and then next day she had off. She usually never cleaned her rooms as no one was ever in there anyway. The cleaning itself was not very difficult. She vacuumed, dusted, cleaned windows, and basically gave a top to bottom scrubbing ofeach room every day. As time when on she got better and better at her work and that meant that she got faster. After only a couple of months she was usually able to finish all her work for the day in just under seven hours. She had never had so much free time in her life, especially when she had Sundays off.


Colbert: McCain camp a 'flaming bag of dog poo' David Edwards and Stephen C. Webster

Published: Thursday October 30, 2008

Print This Email This On his Wednesday night show, Stephen Colbert, host of Comedy Central's Colbert Report, mocked Sen. McCain's campaign, describing it as a "flaming bag of dog poo, dropped on America's doorstep."

The host further goaded McCain by endorsing Obama, then urging the GOP candidate to show that he "knows where America wants to go" and also endorse the Democratic senator.

Pretending the whole Republican campaign has been nothing more than a lead-up to one gigantic 'zinger,' Colbert recounted McCain's many laughter-inducing missteps, from broken promises on taxes to the selection of his vice presidential candidate.

"Oh! Oh! Remember the time he picked Sarah Palin?" asked the host, before falling outTuesday, a day after emergency.

Who we are. Begur Holidays is the rental department of Casabegur Real Estate. We have an extensive portfolio of villas and apartments for rent by the week.

Back at the hotel, unwind with a swim in the vineyard-side pool, or book.

Book holiday cottages in France with Chez Nous: find French cottages, gites and villas from the Dordogne to the Cote d’Azur – contact the owner direct.

HOLIDAY — A mother gave CPR to her 3-year-old boy and revived him after discovering him floating in an apartment complex pool Sunday afternoon, authorities said. The boy, whose name was not released, was described by the.

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San Fernando Mission to Receive Books, Letters From California History Collection

Several hundred letters and rare books from the Carrie Estelle Doheny Collection will be moved to the San Fernando Mission for permanent display, a spokesman for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles said Wednesday.

Officials Monday announced plans to sell the bulk of the vast Doheny art and book collection, which contains more than 7,000 pieces, including a Gutenberg Bible, to raise funds for the archdiocesan seminary system.

But many early California travel narratives, reference books and missionary letters--correspondence from Father Junipero Serra, for instance--will be housed in a library at the San Fernando Mission in Mission Hills, archdiocese archivist Msgr. Francis J. Weber said.

Those works will provide the mission with "one of the most complete California history collectionsin the state," he said.

The bulk of the works, which will be called the Carrie Estelle Doheny Collection of Western Americana, will be books published before 1930, Weber said.

"We could have that portion of the collection here as soon as six weeks," he said.

The collection, which is of interest chiefly to scholars, will be made available to the public by appointment.

It is uncertain how much of the Doheny collection will be retained by the archdiocese, spokesman Father Joseph Battaglia said. Church officials and representatives of Christie's, the auction house that will handle the sale of the collection beginning in the fall, will decide March 9 which items will be sold, he said.

Most of the material not auctioned will go to the San Fernando Mission, although some of the


collection will be kept in other archdiocesan libraries, Battaglia said. In the material going to the mission will be a collection of letters written by Doheny family members.

The Doheny collection of paintings, rare manuscripts, antique furnishings and tapestries has been housed in the Edward Lawrence Doheny Memorial Library in Camarillo, next to St. John's Seminary. The library and seminary were dedicated in 1940.

Edward Doheny, an early California land developer and oil magnate, was a great admirer of Western art and student of early California history. After Doheny's death, his widow offered to build a library and to donate her collection to the Los Angeles Archdiocese.

The collection's centerpiece has been its Gutenberg Bible, thought to be one of only 47 surviving editions of what is considered the first bookTraffic in Melbourne's north could grind to a halt if Opposition Leader Matthew Guy's ambitious proposal to build two massive new toll roads simultaneously gets the green light, the RACV has warned.

The Coalition is investigating the possibility of combining the North East Link road project with a rebooted East West Link if elected at the end of 2018. But Mr Guy emphasised that the controversial $5.8 billion East West Link - which was spiked by the Andrews government at a cost of more than $1 billion - was his party's priority.

An image of the proposed North East Link tunnel, released by the government. Credit:North East Link Authority

Powerful roads group the RACV said the North East Link was needed before the East West Link, and public policy manager Bryce


childhood and adolescence; in his "beautiful San Giovanni" where he was baptised on 26 March 1266; in the small church of Santa Margherita dei Cerchi, the symbol of his love for Beatrice; in the Torre della Castagna where he carried out his political role as Prior of Florence with passion.
So although we cannot honour his mortal remains, we Florentines are consoled because everything in our city speaks of him.

Casa di Dante

The Casa di Dante is located in the heart of medieval Florence, more or less where, according to documents, the houses of the Alighieri stood. It is a museum spread across three floors with documents and artefacts that tell of the life and works of the great poet.

Battistero

For Dante and for the Florentines of his day, Florence’s churchcities.

Società Dantesca Italiana

The Società Dantesca Italiana was born with the aim of promoting events and useful initiatives connected to the figure of Dante and to valorise the publication of works on the life and works of the great Italian poet. It was founded on 31 July 1888 at the Sala di Leone X in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. The first president was Pietro Torrigiani, a former mayor of the Tuscan city. Since 1902, it has held its headquarters at the Palagio dell'Arte della Lana, a fourteenth-century palazzo and ancient seat of one of the leading Florentine Guilds

Florence of the guilds and trades

A journey past the towers, streets and vestiges of the old factories to find out what's left of 'pre-Renaissance' Florence. A city seething with interests and


passion, a medieval city where the struggle between political factions inevitably reflected the tangle of social tensions with the irresistible rise of the merchant classes and trade guilds eager to liquidate the old feudal privileges, but already caught up, in turn, in the rebellion of the 'common people'.

Chiesa di Orsanmichele

The tour begins in the most sacred place for the Florentine guilds, the Chiesa di Orsanmichele, in which all the major arts possessed a tabernacle. This church was built by the Signoria as a ‘templum in statura et forma palatii’ on the site of the old Loggia del Mercato del Grano. This building is perhaps one of the most unique in Florence because it joined civil life to that of religion. It was born as a cereal market onthe ground floor with a granary above it, but thanks to a miraculous image of Our Lady that appeared on a pillar, also became a place of prayer and pilgrimage, to the point that in 1327 Simone Talenti closed all the arcades, and the market became a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Orsanmichele was in practice the seat of worship for the twenty-one Arts and Crafts guilds, a continuation of the ancient trade scholae of the Roman-era Florence. They were typical medieval institutions qualified by their particular economic and production activity, whose members were grouped into job categories related to the protection of their common interests. Initially there were only those of the Arts, which, taking advantage of a large initial capital, could exercise mercantile and manufacturing


activities, attracting large earnings. The Arts were the very life of Florence and at every historical or political event, be it military or religious, were always present with their social, political and economic strength. For centuries they gave the city much of its grandeur and prestige. As early as the twelfth century, trade and industry in the thriving city were greatly developed, but it would be another century before they were officially established as seven major arts and, later, fourteen minor arts.

Via dell’Arte della Lana

The tour continues on this historic route to the palazzo where one of the city’s most powerful Guilds had its seat. The Palagio dell’arte della lana, crenelated Guelph-style, is a characteristic example of the Florentine architectural style of the fourteenth century. It was theaustere headquarters of the mercantile and industrial wool guild of the same name, the main source of wealth for the city through the massive production of textiles derived from their wool processing. Wool processing has been practiced in Florence since ancient times, but it truly came of age in the thirteenth century when the Frati Umiliati, who specialised in treating wool, came to town and settled in an area known today as Borgognissanti. The wealth and power of the Arte della Lana is expressed by the fact that already in the first half of the fifteenth century, Florence had 200 wool shops and almost 30,000 people derived their livelihood from the industry. The symbol of the Arte della Lana was the Agnus Dei on a blue field. On


26 December each year, the wool workers solemnly honoured the feast of St. Stephen, known as the Martyr, the patron saint of their Art. On this street, you can also admire the beautiful statue of St. Eligius, Bishop of Noyon-Tournai, located just outside the Orsanmichele. The piece was sculpted by Nanni di Banco in 1414, commissioned by the Arte dei Fabbri e Maniscalchi, whose patron saint was Saint Eligius, as it seems that in life he had been - before answering his religious calling - a farrier. The scene depicted on the beautiful marble plinth on the shrine-tabernacle where the statue of the saint is located precisely describes the miracle in which Saint Eligius took part.

Via degli Speziali

In this street, you’ll learn about the history and importance ofits name from its headquarters here imported and worked with raw materials such as the raw wool from France and England.

Via Calimaruzza

In this street, you’ll find the sumptuous residence of the Arte dei Mercatanti, whose palazzo extends from Via Calzaiuoli to Via Porta Rossa. This merchant guild’s coat of arms bore a golden eagle on a red field, and can be seen frequently on the palazzo’s facade and Via Calimaruzza.

Via del Proconsolo, palazzo dei Giudici e Notai

This palazzo, home to the notary guild from which it took its name, from the first half of the fourteenth century was built next to a tower from the eleventh century. The entrance was originally located on Via dei Pandolfini, but it has since been walled, so we must access the building


from Via del Proconsul. The building preserves some important and recently restored frescos depicting medieval Florence with portraits of Florentine poets, among them Dante. These images are particularly interesting because, together with those in the Cappella del Bargello, depict the poet with none of the feature seen in the traditional Renaissance iconography of him - the distinctly pointed nose and forehead frown. In fact, these frescoes show that while Dante had a long nose, it was not hooked.

Museo Casa di Dante

Our journey ends with a visit to the Museo Casa di Dante. Dante was a member of the Arte dei Medici e Speziali, one of the major guilds. The museum allows you analyse in depth the very economic and social situation that allowed the Arts and guilds tobe born, thrive and become one of the driving forces behind the rise of Florence, transforming it into one of the most influential cities not only in Italy but throughout all of Europe.

Guelfi and Ghibellini

Pietra Scema

The tour begins at the spot where the bloody event that sparked decades of war between Guelfi and Ghibellines happened. The so-called “wasted stone” (because it was mutilated and extremely worn) was a statue of the god Mars, a Roman god who had been chosen as protector of the city at the time of the founding of the Roman military castrum. When Florence converted fully to Christianity, it replaced its patron Mars with the patron saint San Giovanni Battista, inaugurating the famous baptistery and relegating the statue of Mars to the Ponte Vecchio.


It was Dante in his poem who named this place and through the words spoken by Caccaiguida recounts the murder:

But it was needful that to the wasted stone which guards the bridge Florence should offer a victim in her last days of peace

He was referring to the assassination of young Buondelmonte de 'Buondelmonti, on the day of his wedding. Ancient chronicles speak of a rumour ending in a murder that divided the city into two factions. In a banquet offered by Mazzingo Tegriti to celebrate his elevation to knighthood, a jester took a plate away from one of the guests. He ended up in an altercation with another diner with plenty of thrown dishes. From here it became a terrific brawl in which Buondelmonte de 'Buondelmonti wounded Oddopass and beat him with clubs and swords. From that day on, one trouble after another dragged on for nearly a century. The city was divided into two factions that later regrouped under the Guelphs and the Ghibellines.

Torre degli Amidei

Here, in Via Por Santa Maria, stands the Amidei Family tower, an ancient family knighted by Ugo di Toscana. The Amidei were very active during the Crusades. The tower is located near where the town gate Di Santa Maria once stood in the ancient city walls, and which gave the street its name. The Amidei were Ghibellines and participated in the battle of Montaperti, but in 1268, after Benevento, were exiled permanently and never returned to Florence. The tower, called "La Bigonciola" (perhaps in a Guelph mockery that alluded


to the somewhat squat tower that was wider at the top than at the base, or perhaps alluded metaphorically to the pulpit: the seat of the Amidei family was a sounding board and they were spokesmen for the Ghibellines) is also called “of the lions” thanks to the presence of the two marble lion heads that decorate it. This tower was restored in 1920 and miraculously remained standing during the German bombing of 1944.

Chiesa di Santo Stefano al Ponte

In front of this church is a description of its history, in particular the wedding of a young Buondelmonti to a young girl from the Donati family.

Torri Buondelmonti, in Via delle Terme 13r and on the corner between Borgo Borgo Santi Apostoli and Chiasso delle Misure

The Buondelmonti were - asit’s said- an ancient noble family who ruled Monte Buoni, urbanised into Florence in 1135. They fought at Montaperti for the Guelphs. But to attain public office, which was no longer accessible to nobles, they became ‘of the People’ and changed their name to Da Montebuoni, enrolling in the Art guilds. The family died out in 1845. The tower in Via delle Terme, although decapitated, like almost all Florentine towers from the thirteenth century, is still easily distinguishable for its height and narrow shape, and its present appearance is very faithful to the original thirteenth century form. The ground floor has an opening topped by a double arch, while the upper floors have five high and narrow windows of different sizes. In Borgo Santi Apostoli, in front of


number 6, is a plaque marking the murder of Buondelmonte de 'Buondelmonti with Dante’s verses.

Ex chiesa di S. Biagio

The tour will continue far as the ancient church of San Biagio, where in 1216 the families adverse to Buondelmonte met to discuss what to do before deciding to murder the young man. It’s here that a group member, Mosca Lamberti, voiced the famous phrase: "What's done is done" in the sense that, making a decision, however drastic, is still be better than wallowing in stalemate and indecision.

Torri degli Adimari, in Via dei Calzaiuoli at numbers 13 to 91r

Here you’ll find the history of the Guelph-sworn Adimari family, one of the oldest and most illustrious in Florence, descending from the Marquis of Tuscany. The Adimari family was among the mostpowerful families of the first circle, forming together with the Cavacciuoli and Accorsi one of the most powerful factions of the city. The family lived in Florence until the 11th century with many public offices between the year 1,000 and the 10th century.

Torre dei Della Bella

In front of this tower, we’ll remember the story of the very old Guelph family, the della Bella, authorised by Ugo, Count of Tuscany, to use his coat of arms. This family had consuls in the twelfth century. Giano della Bella, Prior in 1289, was the author of the Ordinances of Justice and enforced the decapitation of the city’s towers, which were not allowed to exceed a height of 50 fathoms (30 metres). In Via de Cerchi on the corner of Via de'


tower-house and the different functions one had over the centuries.

Museo Casa di Dante

The tour will end with a visit to the Museo Casa di Dante, as Dante was, after all, a member of the Bianchi Guelph party.

"Born was I, and grew up In the great town on the fair river of Arno”

Florence of the Divine Comedy reconstructed through tombstone inscriptions with Dante quotes to help us to understand how Dante read and interpreted the city and how he repeatedly used it in his dizzying spiritual, theological and literary architecture. In doing so he elevated it to the rank of universal archetype, where its urban dimension takes the form of a spiritual path where the feet and the soul follow the same rhythm.official/unofficial picks for section awards. The NorCal awards can stay the way they are and additional teams, individuals, and coaches from each section can be praised by you the posters on this board. People's choice awards?

I think the transfer of the year award is completely rude and uncalled for. To qualify Goltra's achievements in the context of the transfer does nothing but perpetuate the image of him as an opportunistic "free agent" and will only draw further scorn for him on these boards. Goltra is a big kid who can stand tall by his objective achievements, if he didn't win an award, he knows it's on him. To patronize him by creating a subjective category just to have him on the list somewhere (I mean, seriously, the category


Why Goodie Mob's Soul Food' is the greatest Atlanta rap album of all time

The money. The power. The trap. The New South. The War on Drugs. The Red Dogs. The Dixie flags. The Million Man March. The Atlanta Child Murders. The black mecca. The 20th anniversary of 'Soul Food.' The South Had Something to Say.

Photo credit: DIWANG VALDEZ/AB+L RADIO

By Rodney CarmichaelThursday December 10, 2015 04:00 am EST

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The money. The power. The trap. The New South. The War on Drugs. The Red Dogs.The Dixie flags. The Million Man March. The Atlanta Child Murders. The black mecca.The 20th anniversary of ‘Soul Food.’ The South Had Something to Say.

Three weeks before the release of Goodie Mob's debut album, Robert "T-Mo" Barnett, Willie "Khujo" Knighton, Jr., Cameron "Big Gipp" Gipp, and ThomasDeCarlo "CeeLo" Callaway boarded a bus. With Soul Food mixed, mastered, and submitted to LaFace Records, it was time for the group to take a trip. Joining them for the ride was the entire Dungeon Family. But this was not a typical promotional tour. Far from it, in fact. The destination was Washington, D.C., where the up-and-coming First Family of Southern hip-hop would join a crowd of like-minded black men conservatively estimated to number nearly one million.

The Million Man March climaxed on the afternoon of Oct. 16, 1995 with Nation of Islam Minister Louis Farrakhan issuing a call for atonement, reconciliation, and personal responsibility after a decade of decimation in the black community from crack, crime, and the War on Drugs.

Just two months prior, Andre 3000 of OutKast


had issued another cultural challenge of sorts at the second annual Source Awards. In the bosom of hip-hop, at the Paramount Theater in New York City's Madison Square Garden, he and Big Boi collected their Best New Artist honors to audible boos from the crowd. With OutKast quite literally cast aside as bicoastal tension brewed between East Coast label Bad Boy and West Coast stronghold Death Row, Andre dropped a prophetic bomb: "I'm tired of folks, youknowhatimsayin, them closed-minded folks. It's like we got a demo tape but don't nobody want to hear it. But it's like this: The South got something to say and that's all I got to say."

When Soul Food hit shelves on Nov. 7, it presented a resounding response to both Farrakhan's plea forspiritual rebirth and Andre's premonition of Southern redemption. The members of Goodie Mob had the audacity to speak in their own Southern dialect about their own Southern reality from their own Southern point of view. The result was an album so hyperlocal in content that those who lived outside of I-285 missed half the context.

Ironic, ain't it, how times have shifted. Now Atlanta is the center of the hip-hop universe. Our biggest musical exports rap in drug-addled drawls so thick even we can't understand them. But before there was Dirty Sprite, there was the Dirty South. In 1995, Atlanta was a city on the make, full of Olympic hopes and Miami dope, scheming politicians and connected businessmen, Red Dogs and Dixie flags. Goodie Mob aired it all out


over a narrative of death and reawakening.

The album may not have reached the platinum success of OutKast's debut, but it was more meaningful. Soul Food became the first hip-hop album to canonize "the Dirty South." It trumpeted issues of social justice alongside the trials of the streets. It chastised Newt Gingrich and Bill Clinton in one verse, and corrupt former city councilman Douglas "Buddy" Fowlkes and Governor Zell Miller in another. It was spiritual and Southern gothic; an album of mourning, equal parts haunting and healing.

In a genre full of bluster, Soul Food stripped away all pretense to reveal the souls of young black men coming of age in the hood. It took intellect, passion, poetry, madness, and a political awareness that often bordered on paranoia.

DIWANG VALDEZ/AB+L RADIO

"Itwas our version of gangsta music, with some sense though," says producer Rico Wade, one-third of Organized Noize and Dungeon Family co-founder. "We took a stand with Goodie Mob. We needed to show that we are conscious. And the backdrop of it was dark because it was street. Niggas had come up in some pain."

Plenty of rap has come out of Atlanta over the last two decades — the entire discography of the most popular hip-hop duo of all time included. But no album has reflected and dissected the city of Atlanta with more honesty than Soul Food. It upholds the tradition of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. while simultaneously ripping apart the mountaintop mythology of Atlanta as the proud black mecca. Without the record's soul-searching introspection,


OutKast might never have made the leap from post-pubescent players to out-of-this-world ATLiens. And Southern hip-hop might still be questing for the depths of its soul.

Soul Food gets its just due as a classic, but it's also one of the most important social documents of the late-20th century. Equally inspired by personal trauma and political strife, the album made a conscious effort to wake the world up to Southern hip-hop while waking the South up to the dire state of the world.

"I felt like we were more activists than artists," CeeLo told Complex in a 2013 look back at the album. "At that time, we were fighting for the civil rights of Southern hip-hop to be counted."

At once past, present, and prescient, this is the album that wenton the album's closing song, "The Day After," where angelic voices sing: "I'm so happy we made it, I knew one day we would. All these years of struggle, were never understood."

In between the two, all hell breaks loose.

A narrative slowly emerges on Soul Food in which a seemingly lost generation is cast as the protagonist in a psychodrama of its own undoing. If OutKast is baby baller music, this here is inner-city blues. Word to Marvin Gaye. Just one year after lacing Big and Dre with 'playalistic Cadillac grooves, Dungeon Family founders Organized Noize (Ray Murray, Sleepy Brown, Rico Wade) conjured a sound palette for Soul Food that created the perfect contrast for the more mature Goodie. Dark, soulful, and contemplative, it bumps like dystopian funk.

"Thought Process"


grapples with the senselessness and stress of the everyday hustle, as Khujo makes what is possibly hip-hop's first reference to "the trap." Cool Breeze challenges the stereotype that Southerners are too slow for the streets with a dope boy anthem full of "Dirty South" pride. "Cell Therapy" gets downright apocalyptic with its New World Order wake-up call. "Live at the O.M.N.I." twists the name of Atlanta's former sports and entertainment complex into a critique of mass incarceration that doubles as an uplifting call for unity to "One Million Niggas Inside." The Mob even pays homage to the nucleus of the black family with its own Dear Mama ode "Guess Who." And the title track puts a literal spin on the album's theme with a celebration of the best"Soul Food" dishes.

As the album pulses forward, a eulogy unfolds that becomes a metaphor for the myriad ways in which young black men are losing their lives and minds daily, while much of society ignores — or exploits — the systemic cycle.

When CeeLo pauses on "Fighting" to break down the Goodie Mob backronym — "Goodie Mob means the Good Die Mostly Over Bullshit" — he's speaking of death as a phenomenon both physical and spiritual, personal and communal.

To get a sense of what made Goodie Mob special, you have to travel back in time to the woods of Southwest Atlanta in the late-'80s and early '90s. Back to when T-Mo and Khujo toted ax picks and called themselves the Lumberjacks. Back to when Big Gipp mobbed around town


in an '84 sedan Deville, steady bouncing down Campbellton Road. Back to when CeeLo was a badass preacher's kid, known to slap folks across the face with little provocation. From the beginning, the members of Goodie Mob epitomized the S.W.A.T.S. (Southwest Atlanta Too Strong).

JOEFF DAVIS

STILL SERVING: “Bankhead Seafood, making me hit the door with a mind full of attitude. It was a line at the Beautiful. JJ’s Rib Shack was packed, too.” — Big Gipp, “Soul Food”

Like a lot of young men who came up in that era, they felt the lure of the streets.

When Khujo raps about being "out in the trap" on "Thought Process," he's spitting from life experience. But he also attended Morris Brown College for a couple of years with T-Mo, before transferring toAtlanta Area Tech (now Atlanta Technical College). Even as OutKast's Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik began to move up the charts, the members of the Mob still juggled various side hustles and low-wage jobs to stay afloat.

"I was going to hair school during the day," Gipp says, "then going to work at a warehouse at night, then going to Dixie Hills to sell drugs with Khujo and Backbone. That was the real shit. That was the routine."

Their time in the trap, mixed with the minimum-wage jobs and educational pursuits, combined to create something much more seasoned than the narrow subgenre of trap music that defines Atlanta today.

They represented the average, working-class Atlanta cat. And they made music with a message the streets could identify with because they weren't preaching from a place


more plausible perpetrator in the unsolved cases of Atlanta's Missing and Murdered Children than the bespectacled black man with the afro and slight build named Wayne Williams who was convicted in two related cases in 1982.

The serial murder spree between 1979-81 targeted African-Americans and tore a hole through the collective psyche of black Atlanta. At a time when the city seemed on the verge of unprecedented racial prosperity, the boogeyman that had long haunted the hopes and dreams of Negroes below the Mason-Dixon reappeared.

When Andre of OutKast refers to the convicted killer in the last verse on "Thought Process" — "Only thing we feared was Williams, Wayne/Never thought about hitting licks or slanging 'caine" — it sets the tone for an album that promises to delve deep intothe dark side of the black mecca.

The official count for the Atlanta Child Murders is around 29. But the 1984 Pulitzer Prize-nominated book The List estimated a total of 63 additional unsolved deaths, including 22 that occurred after Williams' imprisonment. Georgia State University's Maurice Hobson, Ph.D., believes there are even more based on his independent research.

The African-American Studies assistant professor has been rewriting the history of Atlanta to include the dirty truths buried beneath the legacy of Olympic glory and economic gain.

He calls himself a Dirty South scholar, the definitive thinker on the subject of the Black New South. And he credits his intellectual course of studies to the early music of OutKast, Goodie Mob, and the entire Dungeon Family.

"The reason I'm an academic is because the music


gave me purview into how to study," he told his students during a recent lecture. After opening the class with footage from the historic 1990 proclamation naming Atlanta host city of the 1996 Olympics, he concluded with a verse from OutKast's "Git Up, Git Out" in which Goodie Mob's Big Gipp raps: "And crooked ass Jackson, got the whole country/Thinking that my city is the big lick for '96."

Hobson's forthcoming book, The Legend of the Black Mecca: Myth, Maxim, and the Making of Modern Atlanta grapples, in part, with what he calls "the Olympification of Atlanta" as well as the legacy of former Mayor Maynard Jackson.

CL FILE

BLACK MECCA ARCHITECT: Mayor Maynard Jackson laid the groundwork to make Atlanta capital of the Black New South.

Elected Atlanta's first black mayorin 1973, Jackson helped transform Atlanta into the black mecca. Through affirmative action, he increased the amount of city contracts awarded to qualified minority firms by more than 35 percent in five years. Black Enterprise credited him in 2009 with creating more black millionaires than any public figure in modern history.

The unprecedented level of cooperation between the city's black political structure and white business elite helped trigger a reverse migration of African-Americans who returned to the South, and Atlanta in particular, en masse.

"This is what I call the Black New South," Hobson says, remixing former Atlanta Constitution editor Henry Grady's post-slavery vision of New South prosperity to include African-Americans. "What happens is you've got this onslaught of interlopers that move into the city — black folk who bought


line, among the highest in the nation for a major metro area according to the Brookings Institution. A few months prior to the big announcement, 200 homeless squatters occupied Downtown's 80-year-old derelict Imperial Hotel. The building's owner at the time, noted Atlanta developer and architect John Portman, was busy constructing a $445 million merchandise mart next door.

It's the classic tale of two Atlantas: one defined by Olympic opportunity and dreams fit for a king; the other shaped by perverse poverty, displacement, and the record income inequality that persists today.

By spring of 1996, the city had developed a solution for its homeless problem: one-way bus tickets out of town. Project Homeward Bound, operated by a local United Way-affiliated agency, became viewed by many as a blatant attempt to ridFulton County of homeless transients before the Olympics by offering them free bus tickets to their home cities — as long as they promised not to return.

It's just as Gipp predicted in a line from "Thought Process" the year before:

"Every day somebody gets killed. What's the deal?It's 1995 and a nigga wanna liveThe type of life that people dream. I want thingsA crib, a car, while living the life of a king."

— T-Mo, "I Didn't Ask to Come"

King Bean never lived to see the release of Soul Food. But he inspired the album's direction, even in death.

When T-Mo got the call that King Bean had passed, he misunderstood at first. Maybe Bean's sister meant his friend had just passed a big test, he thought to himself, not literally


passed away. Bean had danced with Goodie Mob when the group was just a duo consisting of T-Mo and Khujo. No sooner had the four-man crew signed its deal with LaFace Records, than King Bean unexpectedly died while on the basketball court one day.

"He was really one of the first close friends that I ever lost," T-Mo told Complex in 2013. "He was our road dawg."

Bean was also a street king.

"He was advanced," Gipp says with an air of respect that conveys the awe certain dope boys inspired in the streets back then. "This has always been a d-boy city. This has always been a drug trafficking hub for the South. So if you were around those kinds of cats, they always had a little bit more flavorthan you. Bean was the kind of cat that was gonna have on Ballys and shit."

When crack hit Atlanta in 1985, it altered the inner city for good. The Miami Boys followed close behind, bringing semiautomatic weapons and a drug turf war to many of the city's 37 public housing projects. Nothing was the same. Public Safety Commissioner George Napper responded by creating the notorious Red Dog anti-drug police unit in 1987. That same year, the city of Atlanta suffered 207 murders. Less than half of that number were committed in 2014.

The Red Dog blitz used by the APD squad to bum rush suspected drug traps and stash houses was based on an offensive play taken straight from the University of Georgia Bulldogs' gridiron playbook. There's a reason