furthermore, it has been found out that being exposed to tv violence can lead to children.

Category: essays research papers fc title: effects of television violence on children and teenagers. Time displacement effects refer to the role of the mass media (including video games) in displacing other activities in which the child might engage which might change the risk for certain kinds of behavior, eg replacing reading, athletics, etc this essay is focusing on the effects of violent media content, and displacement.

Free essay: however, by the time the child reaches the age of five, he/she will attend 95% of the time to a kids program and will “imitate a television model.

Nearly every day the news reports stories about children committing acts of violence, often against other children research hasSlideshow ( 6 images )

CIUDAD JUAREZ/MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Long delays at the U.S.-Mexico border crossing for goods destined for American plants and consumers are hitting the U.S. auto industry, and the gridlock reduced by half the number of northbound trucks that crossed the entry point last week.

Washington’s decision to move some 750 agents from commercial to immigration duties to handle a surge in families seeking asylum in the United States has triggered the delays at crucial ports on a border that handle $1.7 billion in daily trade.

“The situation in Ciudad Juarez is very serious because these auto parts go to plants in the United States and obviously they put at risk the operation in the United States,” Eduardo Solis, the president of the Mexican Auto Industry Association


The Star Scroll (Dragon Prince, Book 2)

As Prince Rohan's son, Pol, grew into the information of statecraft and Sunrunner magic. yet Pol used to be no longer the one prince who may possibly lay blood declare to the crown, and shortly Rohan's enemies will be able to gentle a torch to set a dynastic battle of succession sweeping around the land.

Quick preview of The Star Scroll (Dragon Prince, Book 2) PDF

Similar Fantasy books

Discworld's merely demonology hacker, Eric,is approximately to make existence very tricky for the remainder of Ankh-Morpork's denizens. This would-be Faust is particularly undesirable . . . at his paintings, that's. All he desires is to meet 3 little wishes:to stay eternally, to be grasp of the universe, and to have a stylin' scorching babe.

The 1st ina sequence of Discworld novels starring the younger witch Tiffany Aching. A nightmarish chance threatens from the opposite aspect of truth. . . . Armed with just a frying pan and her logic, younger witch-to-be Tiffany Aching needs to protect her domestic opposed to the monsters of Fairyland. fortunately she has a few very strange aid: the neighborhood Nac Mac Feegle—aka the Wee loose Men—a extended family of fierce, sheep-stealing, sword-wielding, six-inch-high blue males.

The ebook of the recent solar is unanimously acclaimed as Gene Wolfe's such a lot extraordinary paintings, hailed as "a masterpiece of technology delusion related in significance to the foremost works of Tolkien and Lewis" through Publishers Weekly, and "one of the main formidable works of speculative fiction within the 20th century" by means of


herself of Chiana throughout the basic expedient of pushing her right into a within reach tent and shouting on the guards to maintain her there, Pandsala trigger after Rohan. She had a good inspiration of the place he will be headed. If quiet used to be his target, then he may without doubt search the river downstream from the encampment. She knew she may have, and her center overjoyed to acknowledge a similarity of impulse among them. yes adequate, there he was—striding purposefully during the damp gravel on the water’s part, a narrow determine in darkish blue trousers, black boots, and a unfastened white blouse, topped by way of blond hair.

Yet he anticipated her to decide on a husband, and she or he knew it. Sorin rode intoPreventing after-effects of disaster trauma: the information and support centre.
This paper describes the establishment and activities of the Information and Support Centres developed in Norway in the aftermath of large-scale accidents and disasters between 1980 and 1990. The function of these Centres is to provide rapid, authoritative information and psychosocial support services for the next-of-kin of disaster victims, including the families of those missing. By gathering together those affected by a particular event, the Centres provide a setting in which individuals and families can support each other. The activities of the psychosocial team include triage for mental-health emergencies, orienting survivors to immediately available local services, communication with family, friends, and community, and other forms of psychological first aid. The psychosocial team also provides linkages to local health, clergy,


on CBC Television. He eventually settled in Surrey, British Columbia. He attended the British Columbia Institute of Technology and became a certified electrical and electronics engineering technician. He worked for ten years as a microfiche camera technician for the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia. He married Dona Cadman in 1969; they had two children.

Political career
On October 18, 1992, Cadman's 16-year-old son Jesse was stabbed to death in a random street attack by a group of young people. In response to Jesse's death, Cadman and his wife Dona created the group CRY – Crime Responsibility and Youth – and counselled teens likely to become violent. He also campaigned for a tougher Young Offenders Act. His activism against youth violence propelled him into politics, first to carry on hisover leadership of the Party.

Death
On July 9, 2005, Cadman died at his home after a two-year-long bout with malignant melanoma. Cadman's memorial service was held on July 16, 2005 at Johnston Heights Church, Surrey BC. Over 1,500 people were in attendance: in addition to family, friends, and politicians of all parties in the church itself, Cadman's constituents packed the neighboring assembly hall and courtyard to pay their last respects by watching the service on television screens. Speeches honouring Cadman as a family man, parliamentarian, and advocate for victim's rights were made by Cadman's daughter, Jodi, Prime Minister Paul Martin, BC MLA Kevin Falcon, BC MLA Dave Hayer, Surrey City Councillor Penny Priddy and several others.

On 15 March 2008, Vancouver journalist Tom Zytaruk published a biography of Cadman


The Academic Senate of Los Angeles Valley College focuses primarily on the "academic and professional matters" of the college. "Academic and professional matters" means the following policy development and implementation matters:

Curriculum, including establishing prerequisites and placing courses within disciplines

Degree and certificate requirements

Grading policies

Educational program development

Standards or policies regarding student preparation and success

District and college governance structures as related to faculty roles

Faculty roles and involvement in accreditation processes, including self study and annual reports

Policies for faculty professional development activities

Processes for program review

Processes for institutional planning and budget development

Other academic and professional matters as mutually agreed upon by the governing board and the Academic Senate

Faculty Dues

Among other things, your faculty dues help to pay for scholarships and events like the holiday party, the ice cream social, and the summer committeekids in terms of how it affects their behavior. Whether or not they're looking at it, our culture is permeated by a porn aesthetic."

So what is it like to be a girl growing up in a world inundated with nude and pornographic images of women and girls? How does it affect her conception of her body, her self, her self-worth? Her relationship to boys and other girls? In the spring of 2014, I went to James City County, Virginia (established in 1634 and located on the Virginia Peninsula, some thirty-five miles inland from the Chesapeake Bay), because I wanted to talk to a girl who was in the news after posting nude pictures of herself on Twitter. She had reportedly been arrested.

The legal system seems at a loss


pics, they said they had, usually as a way to try to get nudes in return. "Sometimes it works, like thirty percent of the time," one boy said. "I send them my dick, so they'll show me something of theirs."

"Yes, I have gotten one," Julie said, "and I didn't ask for it. I thought he was my friend, but he changed. It got me upset."

"Some of them don't even show their face," Cassy said. "They just send it to you like, Hey, look at _this._ "

"But, honestly, there are girls who do the same kinds of things," Julie said. She told of how, the day before, a friend had come over to her house after school and wanted to video chat with some boys on FaceTime—naked. "She cameto be a fight tomorrow. And sometimes they film it," Breanna said.

"And then they put _that_ on Facebook," said Madeline.

They shook their heads again at the cyclicality of it.

I asked them what the fights were about.

"Oh, she doesn't know how to dress, she's ugly, she's a ho," Madeline said.

"It will go back and forth," said Breanna. "People call each other thot, slut, whore."

"Boys do not get called that," Madeline said. "If they sleep around, it's like, Oh, yeah, congrats!"

But when girls called one another those words, they said, it could lead to violence.

"Last year, we had like four fights in one day because of gossip on Facebook," Madeline said. "It starts in seventh grade, when girls finally start getting their body, and they start caring about looks and


just, like, hand you the girls. They don't even know that's what they're doing, but really they're just giving teenagers ways to have sex."

Not only ways to have sex, but more people to have it with. When social media moved onto smartphones after 2007, teenagers became more sexually available to each other than ever before. There had never been a way for them to express their sexual interest in one another at any moment of the day, no matter where they were; it was as easy as sending a text. "You can be sitting in class getting a boner 'cause some girl is texting you that she wants to suck your dick," said a teenage boy in L.A. "It's kind of distracting."

"Like a kid in a candy store"the relative rate of change. When I was in high school, if I had gone around saying, _Here's a picture of me, like me,_ I would have gotten punched. If a girl went around passing out naked pictures of herself, people would have thought she needed therapy. Now, that's just Selfie Sunday."

# Los Angeles, California

When I returned to my hotel that night after talking with the girls at the Grove, we started exchanging messages on Facebook. They were having a birthday-party sleepover (it was Melissa's birthday), so they would type something on the thread and disappear and then return. When I asked them what they were doing, Padma said, "Having cake." Greta said, "Of course we're all on our phones." Whenever they were free, they would tell me


Authored By James Harrison

Rick Santorum will be the first Republican presidential candidate to visit Chattanooga when he headlines the Liberty Forum for the Chattanooga Tea Party on Saturday, Feb. 25.

A press release from Tea Party President Mark West announced that Santorum will be present for the free event, which will take place from 1 to 4 p.m. It did not specify a particular venue for the event, which will likely be decided after organizers gauge public interest.

Santorum, a former senator from Pennsylvania, is currently enjoying leads in national polls. A recent poll from the American Research Group showed Santorum was leading candidate Mitt Romney by 8 percentage points among Republicans in Tennessee.

Along with Santorum, dozens of other local public figures have been confirmed as attendees for the event,Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov.

The Critical Role of State Health Depts. in the U.S. Fungal Meningitis Outbreak: 4 Key Efforts

CDC remains at the front line of the current U.S. fungal meningitis outbreak, which has since early October sickened 490 people and caused 34 deaths in 19 states. On Nov. 15, the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions held a hearing about this outbreak. This post is an excerpt from the testimony of Dr. Beth Bell, director of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases at CDC, who discussed, among other things, the critical role


the coroner stick out from us normal persons as kind of living in his own world of dead people. In contrast to you and me (and the cops) he is used to hanging around with dead bodies and finds them so normal to not shy away from eating in their presence, which in turn makes him look non-normal to the average audience and the cops.
What this in turn means for the characterization of the coroner and this situation probably depends on the overall tone of the movie or situation. This awkward or unique image of the coroner can be either somehow scary, or rather comedic, or just depicting him as belonging to a professional elite, being a pro at what he does and different from the average copSunday, October 29, 2006

Edinburgh launch

I had the Edinburgh launch of my book, The Scottish Secretaries, on Wednesday at the Macdonald Holyrood Hotel in Edinburgh. It was a pretty awful evening weather-wise but there was a good turnout despite the wind and rain. Lady Younger (George's widow) was there with her son Charlie; Lord and Lady Balfour of Burleigh drove from Clackmannanshire to be there (Lord Balfour is the grandson of a former Scottish Secretary and Lady Balfour is otherwise known as Janet Morgan, who edited Dick Crossman's Diaries in the 1970s). Tam Dalyell was also there, who has reviewed the book for December's edition of The Oldie magazine, as were a few Conservative MSPs, Green MSP Robin Harper and (briefly) the Labour MSP Richard Baker. There was an


excellent turnout from former private secretaries - Kenneth Mackenzie, Rev Norman Shanks, Peter Mackay, Archie Rennie and Sir William Kerr Fraser, also a former permanent under-secretary at the Scottish Office - which was especially pleasing as they were so helpful when I was researching the book.

The photograph shows me making a very brief speech after Hugh Andrew, the publisher, introduced me. The launch also earned me a mention on the Scottish Political News blog, which you can read by clicking here.

Friday, October 20, 2006

Peggy Herbison

There's an interesting display in the Houses of Parliament at the moment (in the Peers' Gallery) of selected papers of Margaret "Peggy" Herbison, who was an under-secretary at the Scottish Office from 1950-51.

It seems someone who currently works in Parliament discovered the papers inan old desk back in December 2005, including copies of letters to constituents, political pamphlets and a desk diary from 1947.

Herbison was the first female minister at the Scottish Office, followed by Lady Tweedsmuir in the early 1960s, and Judith Hart under Harold Wilson a few years later. Peggy, as she was known, was responsible for education under Hector McNeil, the Scottish Secretary, and modernised many old Victorian buildings.

Herbison's cousin, Karen Whitefield, currently sits in the Scottish Parliament for roughly the same Lanarkshire seat once represented by her relative.

Thursday, October 19, 2006

The Blunkett Tapes

David Blunkett's much-publicised diaries include an interesting insight into the fragile relationship between John Reid, Scottish Secretary in 1999, and Donald Dewar, who had just become First Minister of Scotland.

July 1999I had a drink with


John Reid [Secretary of State for Scotland] - I had a glass of wine and he had a Coke - and discussed how to repair relations with the Scottish Executive. He was pretty robust about what he thought about Donald Dewar, but I pointed out that he was pretty lucky himself to have got out of Transport just before the whatsit hit the fan. Lucky politicians always get out at the right time.

Of course, relations between the two got much worse later on, particularly over the Lobbygate affair which involved Reid's son Kevin.

Tax Reform Commission

The Tax Reform Commission chaired by former Scottish Secretary Michael Forsyth finally reports today. Widely trailed (or leaked) in the media, it contains a number of interesting suggestions, including raising the personal tax allowance,led to a fresh thaw in bilateral relations and both nations restarted negotiations.  Both leaders met in the Indian capital on 12 December 1996 and signed a 30-year, comprehensive treaty.

As per the treaty between India and Bangladesh, signed in 1996, for sharing of the Ganges water at Farakka, the division is as follows:

Both nations were able to co-operate in harnessing the water resources; the treaty also permits the construction of barrages and irrigation projects in Kushtia and the Gorai-Madhumati River in Bangladesh, draining the southwestern districts and thus preserving the environment, natural and economic resources.

Assessment

The 1996 treaty established a long-term solution and considerably eased the strains in Indo-Bangladeshi relations. The 1996 treaty has been attacked by the Awami League's main rival, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP),


the back of the collection once Pere Ubu albums started coming out. Snat theatre rock with a snide attitude that also got swept under the rug within a few years, and oddly enough I heard more'n a little Orchestra Luna during the showstopping "Last of the Teenage Idols" finale which really goes to show you how Broadway strut this can get!

After years of searching through stacks of boxes in the darkest reaches of my closet I find this, a bonafeed tape of the infamous eighties Akron band the Crummy Fags that I've been on the lookout for fanabla knows how long. I mentioned these guys many a times both in the mag and on this blog, and given their love for the seventies underbelly of Cleveland rock (ElectricNEW HAVEN ROCK PRESS and ROCK MARKETPLACE kinda guys all excited...a selection of Wood's various musical highlights from the beginning in the mid-sixties all the way up to the end of his contract when he probably got a much better deal elsewhere. But sometimes I wonder, who exactly was this double LP/play cassette aimed at anyway, Jeff Lynne?

Side/LP #1's the boss one though, showing off Wood during his early days in fact starting off with "Make Them Understand," Wood's first ever songwriting credit done up when he was with Mike Sheridan and the Nightriders. From there it's on through the Move at their best with all of the big faves that sure sound good in this company, especially when the obv. Beatles puff eventually mutates into a more


read that the Dodgers' [general manager] Ned Colletti had a deal, and they changed [players] on him.

"They've maneuvered us against each other. They've got a 24-year-old power hitter who plays third base, and you've got about six teams that need a third baseman.

"They're asking for four Major League players -- three Major League players and a pitcher, or two pitchers and two players. He is arbitration-eligible this year -- $12 million-plus -- and then you've got to re-sign him."

Moreno said he leaves the negotiations to new general manager Tony Reagins and his staff, adding that they come to him when "it's time to talk about money."

Among the names frequently linked to the Marlins in the talks are the three young gems of the organization -- second baseman HowardEfforts to mitigate climate change must target energy efficiency

Much more must be done to develop energy efficient cars, buildings and domestic appliances to address climate change - according to new research from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia

Much more must be done to develop energy efficient cars, buildings and domestic appliances to address climate change - according to new research from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia.

A report published today in Nature Climate Change shows that twice as much effort is being spent on developing energy supply technologies - such as new power stations - than is spent on improving the efficiency with which energy is used.

The research shows that efficient end-use technologies have


higher emission reduction potentials.

But the study shows a disproportionately high focus of effort invested in innovation in energy supply technologies - right across the energy research and development sector.

Study co-author Prof Arnulf Grubler, of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and Yale University, said: "Efficiency gets short shrift in both public energy research and development, and in private market investments alike.

"In contrast, improvements in technologies like domestic appliances and more energy-efficient transport are underrepresented given their potential for mitigating climate change."

According to the International Energy Agency, the total public sector research and development spend for all energy end-use and efficiency innovations from 1974 was around $38 billion.

"This is less than the $41 billion spent on nuclear fusion alone - a single, and highly uncertain energy supplyincluding Charlie Wilson from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, at UEA (UK), Arnulf Grubler from IIASA (Austria) and the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University, (USA) Kelly Sims Gallagher from the Fletcher School at Tufts University (USA), and Gregory Nemet from the La Follette School of Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin (USA). It builds on a collaboration and research carried under the auspices of the Global Energy Assessment (GEA).

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.


interest in land obtained from Bunker Limited Partnership (Bunker) as the lessor under a lease dated June 30, 1989, and several subsequent corrected and amended leases, all of which we will refer to as the City Lease. On December 19, 1990, the parties to the lease entered into an agreement purporting to convey ownership to the City of a lodge known as the Tamarack Lodge, together with the land on which the lodge is located, and Chair Lift No. 4, all of which was situated on the leased property. In exchange for the conveyance from Bunker Limited Partnership, the City agreed to allow Bunker to hook up to the water and sewer lines constructed in the area by the City to service the lodge. The hookup right wasfor several "units" on an as available basis and was not transferable. The City further agreed "to deed the land under the lodge to Bunker Limited Partnership on the termination of the lease for the Silver Mountain Resort."
In November 1994, Bunker sold its interest in the real property described in the City Lease to the appellant, Mission Mountain Interests Ltd., Co. (Mission). Bunker also executed an assignment of its interest in the City Lease to Mission. Bunker conducted unsuccessful negotiations with the City to permit a transfer to Mission of Bunker's right to the water hookups conveyed by the December 19, 1990, agreement.
During the fall of 1994, the City became in default on its obligations on the revenue bonds used for financing construction and development of the ski


resort. The City entered into a forbearance agreement with the indemnitor on the revenue bonds and began searching for an entity to assume the operation of the ski resort. In May of 1996, the City assigned its interest in the City Lease to Silver Mountain Corporation.
The City of Kellogg and Silver Mountain Corporation subsequently filed an action against Mission Mountain Interests Ltd., Co., in September 1996. The plaintiffs alleged they had been damaged by Mission's trespass and by breach of the lease agreement through interference with the plaintiffs' quiet enjoyment of the leased property. The plaintiffs sought a declaratory judgment quieting title to the surface rights of the leased area and for an injunction to prohibit the construction of a logging service road across the ski resort. Missionanswered the complaint and asserted various counterclaims including breach of the lease by the plaintiffs for failing to maintain the Tamarack Lodge, the water supply, the roads on the leasehold, the storage tanks that were subject to government regulation, and for removing timber from the property without the lessor's consent. Mission also submitted a counterclaim seeking damages for waste, for a declaratory judgment that the sublease between the City and Silver Mountain Corporation effectively terminated the City Lease, and for damages *918 stemming from the plaintiffs' alleged trespass and conversion. In answering Mission's counterclaims, the plaintiffs asserted, among other claims, their ownership of the Tamarack Lodge, the land upon which the lodge is located, and the ski lift (Chair Lift No. 4) by virtue of the December 19,


1990, agreement between the City and Bunker Limited Partnership, the predecessor in interest of Mission Mountain Interests Ltd., Co.
The plaintiffs moved for partial summary judgment on two of the counterclaims, which put at issue whether the transfer from the City to Silver Mountain Corporation was permitted under the terms of the City Lease. Following a hearing on the motion, the district court issued a memorandum decision denying summary judgment on the ground that a factual question existed as to the legitimate or fraudulent nature of the transaction between the City and Silver Mountain Corporation.
The plaintiffs renewed their motion for summary judgment and provided supplemental information obtained by the deposition of Mark Bee, the president of the indemnitor who had threatened to foreclose as a result of the City'sdefault in its revenue bond obligations. The district court thereafter determined that there was no evidence to support Mission's contention of a sham transaction and granted summary judgment to the plaintiffs on that issue. The district court also found as matter of law that the redemption of the revenue bonds did not terminate the City Lease. In November 1997, the district court entered an order granting partial summary judgment to the plaintiffs on the defendant's first counterclaim alleging breach of the lease by subletting the City Lease to Silver Mountain Corporation and on the defendant's third counterclaim alleging trespass.
The plaintiffs then filed a second motion for summary judgment regarding all of the remaining claims. In their memorandum in support of the motion, the plaintiffs asserted in relevant part:
As


to other alleged breaches, . . . the following facts are not in issue:
1. Ownership of the Tamarack Lodge was transferred to the City by agreement with Bunker Limited Partnership on December 19, 1990, almost four years prior to Mission Mountain acquiring the reversionary interest of the City Lease.
Mission responded by filing a cross-motion for summary judgment on the discrete issue of ownership with respect to the lodge, the land upon which the lodge was located, and of the ski lift. Mission claimed that the December 19, 1990, agreement on which the plaintiffs' based their claim of ownership was defective and invalid for the purpose of effecting a conveyance. Mission also argued that it had become the owner of the disputed property pursuant to a 1994 deed fromreal property is created, alienated, mortgaged or encumbered, or by which the title to any real property may be affected, except wills. Idaho Code § 55-601 provides that a conveyance of an estate in real property may be made by an instrument in writing, subscribed by the grantor, and that "[t]he name of the grantee and his complete mailing address must appear on such instrument."
Mission argues that the address requirement of Idaho Code § 55-601 was not satisfied by the December 19, 1990, agreement which contains only the name of the City of Kellogg, the grantee, with no address whatsoever appearing on the face of the document. We disagree. The agreement recited that it was entered into between Bunker Limited Partnership, an Idaho limited partnership, and the City


of Kellogg, a municipal corporation. The City of Kellogg is a well-known municipality in the State of Idaho. It has corporate boundaries and is located in Shoshone County. The address of the City of Kellogg is the City of Kellogg. We hold that the identification of the City in the agreement as a municipal corporation is sufficient to satisfy the requirement of I.C. § 55-601 relating to disclosure of the address of a grantee, when the grantee is a municipality.

II.

Words of Grant
Mission next maintains that the December 19, 1990, agreement is defective in that the words of grant used in the agreement do not evidence a present intent to transfer title but rather show a promise to convey in the future. The agreement provides that the City "desiresconcerning the property conveyed by the agreement. Evidently, they knew exactly where the Tamarack Lodge and Chair Lift No. 4 were located, since possession of these items already had been transferred to the City under the lease before the December 19, 1990, agreement was executed. Furthermore, there was no evidence presented to show that there was any more than one "Tamarack Lodge" or "Chair Lift No. 4" as fixtures located within the area known as the Silver Mountain Ski Resort. The agreement provided that the City would "deed the land under the lodge to Bunker Limited Partnership on the termination of the lease for the Silver Mountain Resort." Thus, the quantity of land involved was only the amount directly underneath the lodge, and not some other, larger parcel


May, June, and July of 1982.  The parties were to report back to the magistrate by July 23, 1982, to discuss the setting of a trial date.  Defendants-appellants represent that discovery proceeded concurrently in the state court up until Voktas filed a motion to stay the state proceedings on October 16, 1981

3
 Voktas still, however, disputes that inclusion of Central Soya International destroyed federal jurisdiction

4
 On March 18, 1981, Southeastern Minerals, Inc., a third-party defendant in the state action, was added as a third-party defendant in the federal suit

5
 In light of the state court's stay order, Voktas filed a motion to dismiss the interlocutory appeal in this Court on January 4, 1982.  Defendants-appellants responded on January 16, 1982, with a motion to strike Voktas'warships (also called planet-killer warships) were piloted by praxis-enabled posthumans from the Pilots' Coterie. The name came from James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, where it meant "a thunderclap so loud that it symbolises the Fall of Eden"....

There are 100+ pronunciations of this word (by people from different countries) on Pronounce Kiwi.

A:

Ahh yes, the impeccable word: bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthur- nuk! only opposed by Shakespeare's honorificabilitudinitatibus and the timelessly delightful supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.
Anyways back to your question: It is a biblical word coined in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake which is widely regarded as being an exceedingly difficult and tormenting book to get through (as is expected from Joyce). Joyce wrote it periodically during a term of seventeen years and it is fittingly considered Joyce's final work (published a little more than a year before his


where the word appears in Joyce's Finnegans Wake:

The fall (bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthur — nuk!) of a once wallstrait oldparr is retaled early in bed and later on life down through all christian minstrelsy.

In context, this refers to a very simple biblical allusion, Joyce is comparing the situation with the great fall from grace of Adam and Eve.-- thus spoke as "The Fall".

ring taking the place of the P3 alanine residue in the signal peptidase Ala-X-Ala recognition motif. Additionally, the C terminus of the arylomycins is seen to be within hydrogen bonding distance of the serine/lysine catalytic dyad.

Intrigued by the possibility that the arylomycins could represent a class of latent antibiotics whose activity is hidden by mutations in the signal peptidase of bacteria otherwise susceptible to them, researchers in the laboratory of Floyd Romesberg, a chemical biologist at the Scripps Research Institute in San Diego, California, developed a total synthesis of these natural products. The first arylomycin synthesized was arylomycin A2, and this was followed by the preparation of the arylomycins B2 and C.

Their mechanism of action involves inhibition of bacterial type I signal peptidase (SPase).  Because there are


The commemorative page is one of the most detailed on the site, rivaling entries for Firefly and the Treaty Of Algeron for sheer length. According to the entry, the American Revolution was in fact instigated by Chuck Norris, who incinerated the Stamp Act by looking at it, then roundhouse-kicked the entire British army into the Atlantic Ocean.

I'm a big fan of Wikipedia, which was profiled in the New Yorker this week. It may on occasion be inaccurate, but it can be corrected instantly, and it is far more current and broad than a paper encyclopedia. It is the reference that only the web could have created, and it is the one the web deserves. It takes an occasional beating for its misstatements, but consider IMDb, another user-content generatedBulgaria, Romania and Latvia had the most road deaths per capita in the EU in 2015, tarnishing the EU’s record on vehicle safety in a year when the number of people killed by vehicle crashes rose for the first time in almost twenty years.

Around ten people per 100,000 residents were killed by vehicles last year in Bulgaria, according to figures published today by Eurostat. Bulgaria’s roads are the most deadly, topping the list with the most deaths in the EU.

Violeta Bulc, the EU transport policy chief, has increased pressure on national governments to crack down on reckless and dangerous drivers since it was revealed earlier this year that the number of traffic deaths increased between 2014 and 2015 across all 28 EU countries.

“We lose 70 people per day


deaths.

The European Commission pledged to slash the number of road deaths down to around 16,000 per year by 2020. Last year, 26,000 people were killed on roads in the EU. In 2010, 31,400 people died as the result of vehicle crashes.

Road deaths have generally declined in the EU over the last 20 years, but 2015 marked a small increase in the number of people killed on roads for the first time since 1997.

Malta and Sweden recorded the lowest numbers of road deaths, according to the 2015 figures.

Traffic injuries and deaths are on the rise in EU countries. Last year, injuries and deaths went up by 26.7% in Cyprus compared to 2014 numbers. In Finland, crashes caused 16.2% more injuries and deaths in 2015. Croatia, Austria, the Netherlands, Sloveniato the cheering crowd of around 6,000 in the Sablayan Astrodome, as he also thanked them for their warm welcome.

In the rally held at the San Jose City Plaza, thousands of city residents and from other municipalities of the province such as Rizal, Magsaysay and Calintaan also gave Marcos a thunderous welcome.

Marcos was likewise endorsed by leaders of the business sector, led by the President of the Pag-asa Grains Center Incorporated Cresencio Tiu and other political leaders such as Calintaan Mayor Renato Paulino.

Both Tiu and Paulino cited the platform of Marcos on agriculture and basic infrastructures, which they said are essential to spur further development not only in Occidental Mindoro but the entire country as well.

In response, Marcos vowed to press for pro-agriculture policies such as the scrapping


16 May 2019 by John Edwards

Altrincham FC director Bill Waterson writes:

Now that Altrincham have secured the services of non-League football's best management team, namely Phil Parkinson and Neil Sorvel, for next season and beyond, the focus shifts to ensuring they have the players for another concerted promotion push.

We will be releasing news over the coming weeks as the process of signing up players and building the squad gathers pace. And there can be no better way of launching proceedings and stating our intent than by announcing that the talismanic Jordan Hulme has put pen to paper and is safely on board to lead Alty's attack once more next season.

The news will be greeted with delight by Alty fans but dread by opposing

Vanarama National League North defences after the28-year old's stunning impact in Robins colours since joining us shortly after he left Salford City in July, 2017.

A nightmare for centre-backs, given his ability to hold the ball up with his back to goal before turning and twisting his way past one marker after another, the Alty marksman scored a remarkable 31 goals in 54 appearances and carried off the Evo-Stik Northern Premier League player-of-the-year award, in his debut season at The J.Davidson Stadium, and followed up with 20 goals and 11 assists from 39 appearances in league and cup in the campaign that finished earlier this month.

Great news on Jordan, and there will be more to come - keep monitoring the website for further updates, as and when we get them.


Kenyan student wins EAC award

October 23, 2008 12:00 am

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By CAPITAL REPORTER, KAMPALA, October 23 – A Kenyan student has scooped the 2007 East Africa Community Essay competition at a colourful ceremony in Kampala Uganda as the 7 EAC Extra-Ordinary Summit came to a close.

Edith Waringa Kamau of Riara Springs Girls High School Nairobi was awarded a cash prize of Sh120,000, while a Tanzanian female student who took the second position was awarded a cash prize of Sh80,000. The third prize of Sh60,000 was awarded to a Ugandan student.

Another Kenyan, Justice Benjamin Patrick Kubo was appointed and sworn in as a Judge of the first chamber of the East African court of Justice while Justice James Ogala of Uganda was appointed the appellate Judge of the same Court.

Similarly theSummit also designated Justice Harold Nsekela as Judge President of the Appellate Division of the East African Court of Justice while at the same time designating Justice Philip Tonui as the Vice President of the same Court.

The Summit further designated Justice John Bisigye as Principal Judge and Justice Stella Arocho Amoke as deputy Principal Judge of the lower division.

The Summit, also endorsed the recommendations presented by the East Africa Council of Ministers whereby the East African Community will now have two deputy secretaries general.

One of the deputies will be in charge of Planning and Infrastructure while the other will be in charge of Productive and social sectors.

The Chairman of the East African summit urged member states to speed up the process of integration and expressed his gratitude in


Russian peasant's anthropomorphic conception of Deity,
and should be taken with due allowance for the educational limitations
of the story-teller and his auditors. The Russian muzhik often brings
God and the angels into his folk-tales, and does so without the least
idea of treating them disrespectfully. He makes them talk in his own
language because he has no other language; and if the talk seems a
little grotesque and irreverent, it is due to the low level of the
narrator's literary culture, and not to any intention, on his part, of
treating God and the angels with levity. The whole aim of the story is a
moral and religious one. The narrator is trying to show that sympathy
and mercy are better than selfish ambition, and that war is not only
immoral but irrational. The conversation between God, theyou are mortally sorry for me; only you don't want to show it.
Why, then, did you kill me?"

Napoleonder suddenly became furious. "May the pip seize your tongue, you
miscreant! I'll show you how much pity I have for you!" And, drawing a
pistol, Napoleonder shot the wounded soldier through the head. Then,
turning to his dead men, he said: "Did you see that?"

"We saw it," they replied; "and as long as it is so, we are your
faithful servants always."

Napoleonder rode on.

At last night comes; and Napoleonder is sitting alone in his golden
tent. His mind is troubled, and he can't understand what it is that
seems to be gnawing at his heart. For years he has been at war, and this
is the first time such a thing has happened. Never before has his


say.
"For some reason the Russians are fighting harder to-day than ever.
You'd better call out your dead men."

Napoleonder shouted at the top of his voice, "Bonaparty!"--six hundred
and sixty-six,--the number of the Beast. But, cry as he would, he only
frightened the jackdaws. The dead men didn't come out of their graves,
nor answer his call. And Napoleonder was left on the field of Borodino
alone. All his generals and field-marshals had fled, and he sat there
alone on his horse, shouting, "Bonaparty! Bonaparty!"

Then suddenly there appeared beside him the smooth-faced, blue-eyed,
fair-haired Russian recruit whom he had killed the day before. And the
young soldier said: "It's useless to shout, Napoleonder. Nobody will
come. Yesterday you felt sorry for me and for my dead brothers, and
because of your pity your corpse-soldiers no longer come at yourwere going. I can remember, to this day,
exactly how he looked as he took out his field-glass, watched the battle
for a minute, and finally said: "It's all right! Everything is going
well." Then, just as he was coming back, an ambitious chap in a plumed
hat, who was always following him around, and who bothered him, they
said, even at his meals, thought he'd play smart by going up on the very
same hill; but he had hardly taken the Emperor's place when--batz!--away
he went, plume and all!

Now follow me closely, and tell me whether what you are going to hear
was natural.

Napoleon, you know, had promised that he'd keep his agreement with God
to himself. That's the reason why his companions and even his particular
friends--men like Duroc, Bessieres, and Lannes, who were strong as


cold at all. Was that natural, do you think? He was
watching the destruction of his treasure, his friends, his old Egyptian
soldiers. It was the end of everything. Women, wagons, cannon--all were
being destroyed, demolished, ruined, wrecked! A few of the bravest
guarded the eagles; because the eagles, you understand, stood for
France, for you, for the civil and military honor that had to be kept
unstained and that was not to be humbled by the cold.

We hardly ever got warm except near the Emperor. When he was in danger,
we all ran to him--although we were so nearly frozen that we would not
have held out a hand to our dearest friend. They say that he used to
weep at night over his poor family of soldiers. Nobody but he and
Frenchmen could ever have pulledof France.

Well, then, after a while he embarked again in the very same nut-shell
of a boat that he had left Egypt in, passed right under the bows of the
English vessels, and set foot once more in France. France acknowledged
him; the sacred cuckoo flew from spire to spire; and all the people
cried, "Long live the Emperor!"

In this vicinity the enthusiasm for the Wonder of the Ages was most
hearty. Dauphiny behaved well; and it pleased me particularly to know
that our own people here wept for joy when they saw again his gray coat.

On the 1st of March Napoleon landed, with two hundred men, to conquer
the kingdom of France and Navarre; and on the 20th of the same month
that kingdom became the French Empire. On that day THE MAN was in


NECKTIES. Eat that, Cobras.

Wickedly wild and weird, rite? For reals though, mysterious lead singer/guitar player Jerry Garcia's voice is heartbreakingly beautiful and his playing is fantastic on this album. Smoke an L get transported to 1975. A groovier, funkier time.at Packard Square Cleaners, nestled at the base of a recently constructed rental building. So to oblige new customers, he said, the cleaners started offering it.

Dry cleaners in the United States first began to avoid traditional chemicals and embrace words like “green,” “natural” and “organic” about 15 years ago, and they have since blanketed the affluent sections of Manhattan, from the Upper East Side down to TriBeCa. In recent years, they have crept farther afield, up to Harlem and out to places like Greenpoint and Bushwick in Brooklyn, joining the head-to-tail butchers and the boutique bike shops as an unofficial marker of gentrification in New York.


that he was prejudiced by Batson counsel's failure to contrast Pinkins' excusal with the prosecution's acceptance of Mason and Saverslak, two white venire members whom defendant asserts were similarly situated to Pinkins. In voir dire, Mason stated that his 26-year-old daughter was a supervisor at the Tinley Park mental health facility, where Dr. Hemmerich had also worked. Saverslak stated that his wife was a registered nurse at Holy Family Hospital in Des Plaines. Defendant asserted in his petition that both the State and the defense indicated before trial that they might call personnel from Holy Family Hospital as witnesses. Thus, the gist of defendant's Batson claim is that while the State challenged Pinkins due to her relative's employment at the workplace of a potential witness, the State didshadows. Always hiding. He didn’t want to think that he was becoming a brood, But this girl changed him. She truly did. She was strong considering everything. She didn’t 表示する any grief with others, she was strong for her brother. And she was stubborn about it too. He admired her…She reminded him of himself when his mom died so many years ago.

Months past and he was still there. Looking out for her. He knew he had to step out sometime, but up until now he was content with looking from afar.

it was the 日 of the Miss MysticFalls pageant and he knew she would be there. He went wearing a tux and looking very handsome, if he did say so himself. Many years has past yet his confident


never goes away. he enters the Lockwood mansion where the Pageant is taking place. The girls walk down the grand staircase. he looks up and there she is. The girl he dreams about, the girl he saved. The girl who changed him without her even knowing it. She wears a long blue satin dress, she looks…Beautiful. He couldn’t really find the words to describe her. Yes, Damon Salvatore was Speechless. Because of her and her beauty. He couldn’t take his eyes away from her. Which is how he noticed her panic at the end of the staicase, He noticed her partner was MIA.

He steped in front of her. Taking her によって surprise and grabbing her hand before she hesitated. He lend her towards the ball room, the 音楽Sexual and moral development of Israeli female adolescents from city and kibbutz: perspectives of Kohlberg and Gilligan.
This paper analyzes real-life moral dilemmas of Israeli city and kibbutz adolescents. The contribution of Gilligan's theory to our knowledge of adolescent moral development as originally conceived by Kohlberg is emphasized. It is suggested that Kohlberg's view of the adolescent as a moral philosopher limits the understanding of the moral development of female adolescents, who use both care and justice in their self-descriptions within existing relationships.


capabilities make it ill-suited for patrolling the arctic. The F-35 is made for "shock and awe" bombing missions abroad, but Canada has only dropped bombs from its aircraft once since the Second World War (in Kosovo). And the air force never sent its current fleet of CF-18 fighter-bombers to Afghanistan during a decade of war.

As Eisenhower might have predicted, the forces allied in favour of the F-35 program are defence firms and the military. In fact, it is sometimes hard to tell them apart. The former second in command of the Canadian Air Force, Major-General Richard Bastien, is now vice-president of the U.S.-owned aerospace company L-3 MAS, based in Montreal. Predictably, he told Members of Parliament in October that "the government must do its utmost to ensure thatthe F-35 is not only a military success, but also a success for industry in Canada."

Likewise the plane's U.S. builder, Lockheed Martin, has hired one of Ottawa's most successful defence industry lobby firms, CFN Consultants, which is composed almost entirely of retired officers from the senior ranks of the military.

Auditor General Sheila Fraser found that military leaders have been untrustworthy in the past, withholding information from the government on a recent multi-billion-dollar military helicopter purchase. She warned MPs that the F-35 project is very risky for taxpayers.

Eisenhower, a war hero and former five-star general, was not a pacifist. Instead he called for "balance between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual." Many in Canada support having a military for


Introduction {#S0001}
============

In December 2019, a group case of unexplained pneumonia occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.[@CIT0001] With the spread of the epidemic, cases have consecutively appeared in other parts of China and abroad. On April 10, 2020, the number of countries involved has tripled with 1,521,252 cases worldwide and 85,054 deaths.[@CIT0002] The epidemic has resulted in serious negative effects on health and socioeconomic development. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic.[@CIT0003] The agent of the disease is a novel coronavirus. On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Classification officially termed the virus "SARS-CoV-2". It was formerly temporarily named 2019-nCoV, and the disease caused by novel coronavirus was termed Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus was uniformly named "novel coronavirus(1) There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State
and shall represent the unity of the Republic.

(2) A person shall not be qualified for election as President unless he
is a Muslim of not less than forty-five years of age and is qualified to be
elected as member of the National Assembly.

(3) The President to be elected after the expiration of the term specified
in clause ( 7) shall be elected in accordance with the provisions of the Second
Schedule by the members of an electoral college consisting of:

(a) the members of both Houses; and

(b) the members of the Provincial Assemblies.

(4) Election to the office of President shall be held not earlier than sixty
days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of


the
President in office;

Provided that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid
because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty
days of the general election to the Assembly.

(5) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President shall be held
not later than thirty days from the occurrence of the vacancy:

Provided that, if the election cannot be held within the period aforesaid
because the National Assembly is dissolved, it shall be held within thirty
days of the general election to the Assembly.

(6) The validity of the election of the President shall not be called in
question by or before any court or other authority.

(7) The Chief Executive of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan-

(a) shall relinquish the office of Chief Executive on such day as he may
determinea term of five years under the Constitution,
and the same shall not be called in question in any court or forum on any
ground whatsoever.

(9) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution or any other law
for the time being in force, the proceedings for the vote of confidence referred
to in clause (8) shall be regulated and conducted by the Chief Election Commissioner
in accordance with such procedure and the votes shall be counted in such manner
as may be prescribed by the rules framed by the Federal Government:-

Provided that clauses (8) and (9) shall be valid only for the forthcoming
vote of confidence for the current term of the President in office.

42. Oath of President.

Before entering upon office, the President shall make before the Chief Justice
of Pakistan oath in the form set out


in the Third Schedule.

43. Conditions of President's office.

(1) The President shall not hold any office of profit in the service of Pakistan
or occupy any other position carrying the right to remuneration for the rendering
of services.

(2) The President shall not be a candidate for election as a member of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) or a Provincial Assembly; and, if a member of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) or a Provincial Assembly is elected as President, his seat in
Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or, as the case may be, the Provincial Assembly
shall become vacant on the day he enters upon his office.

44. Term of office of President.

(1) Subject to the Constitution, the President shall hold office for a term
of five years from the day he enters upon his office:

Provided that the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his
term, continue tohold office until his successor enters upon his office.

(2) Subject to the Constitution, a person holding office as President shall
be eligible for re-election to that office, but no person shall hold that
office for more than two consecutive terms.

(3) The President may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Speaker
of the National Assembly, resign his office.

45. President's power to grant pardon, etc.

The President shall have power to grant pardon, reprieve and respite, and to
remit, suspend or commute any sentence passed by any court, tribunal or other
authority.

46. Duties of Prime Minister in relation to President.

It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister:

(a) to communicate to the President all decisions of the Cabinet relating
to the administration of the affairs of the Federation and proposals for legislation;

(b) to furnish such


is unable to perform the
functions of the office of President, the Speaker of the National Assembly
shall act as President until a President is elected in accordance with clause
(3) of Article 41.

(2) When the President, by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause,
is unable to perform his functions, the Chairman or, if he too is absent or
unable to perform the functions of the office of President, the Speaker of
the National Assembly shall perform the functions of President until the President
returns to Pakistan or, as the case may be, resumes his functions.

CHAPTER 2 - THE MAJLIS-E-SHOORA (Parliament)

Composition, Duration and Meetings of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

50. Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

There shall be a Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consisting of the
President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and
the Senate.

51.shall be allocated to each Province,
the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the Federal Capital on the basis
of population in accordance with the last preceding census officially published.

(4) For the purpose of election to the National Assembly,-

(a) the constituencies for the general seats shall be single member territorial
constituencies and the members to fill such seats shall be elected by direct
and free vote in accordance with law;

(b) each Province shall be a single constituency for all;

(c) the constituency for all seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be the
whole country;

(d) members to the seats reserved for women which are allocated to a Province
under clause (1A) shall be elected in accordance with law through proportional
representation system of political parties' lists of candidates on the basis
of total number of general seats secured by each


political party from the
Province concerned in the National Assembly :

Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general
seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate
or candidates who may duly join such political party within three days of
the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.

(e) members to the seats reserved for non-Muslims shall be elected in accordance
with law through proportional representation system of political parties lists
of candidates on the basis of total number of general seats won by each political
party in the National Assembly:

Provided that for the purpose of this sub-clause the total number of general
seats won by a political party shall include the independent returned candidate
or candidates who may duly join such political party withinthree days of
the publication in the official Gazette of the names of the returned candidates.

52. Duration of National Assembly.

The National Assembly shall, unless sooner dissolved, continue for a term of
five years from the day of its first meeting and shall stand dissolved at the
expiration of its term.

53. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of National Assembly.

(1) After a general election, the National Assembly shall, at its first meeting
and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members
a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and, so often as the office of Speaker or Deputy
Speaker becomes vacant, the Assembly shall elect another member as Speaker
or, as the case may be, Deputy Speaker.

(2) Before entering upon office, a member elected as Speaker or Deputy Speaker
shall make before the National Assembly oath


prorogue the same.

(2) There shall be at least three sessions of the National Assembly every
year, and not more than one hundred and twenty days shall intervene between
the last sitting of the Assembly in one session and the date appointed for
its first sitting in the next session:

Provided that the National Assembly shall meet for not less than one hundred
and thirty working days in each year.

Explanation: In this clause, "working days" includes any day on
which there is a joint sitting and any period, not exceeding two days for
which the National Assembly is adjourned.

(3) On a requisition signed by not less than one-fourth of the total membership
of the National Assembly, the Speaker shall summon the National Assembly to
meet, at such time and place as he thinks fit, within fourteen days ofthe attendance of the members.

(2) The President may send messages to either House, whether with respect
to a Bill then pending in the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) or otherwise, and
a House to which any message is so sent shall with all convenient dispatch
consider any matter required by the message to be taken into consideration.

(3) At the commencement of the first session after each general election
to the National Assembly and at the commencement of the first session of each
year the President shall address both Houses assembled together and inform
the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) of the causes of its summons.

(4) Provision shall be made in the rules for regulating the procedure of
a House and the conduct of its business for the allotment of time for discussion
of the matters referred to in the address of the


has been given] in the National
Assembly but has not been voted upon or against whom such a resolution has
been passed or who is continuing in office after his resignation or after
the dissolution of the National Assembly.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (2) of Article 48, the President
may also dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion where, in his opinion,:

(a) a vote of no-confidence having been passed against the Prime Minister,
no other member of the National Assembly is likely to command the confidence
of the majority of the members of the National Assembly in accordance with
the provisions of the Constitution as ascertained in a session of the National
Assembly summoned for the purpose; or

(b) a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot
be carried on in accordance withthe provisions of the Constitution and
an appeal to the electorate is necessary.

(3) The President in case of dissolution of the National Assembly under paragraph
(b) of clause (2) shall, within fifteen days of the dissolution, refer the
matter to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court shall decide the reference
within thirty days whose decision shall be final.

59. The Senate

(1) The Senate shall consist of one-hundred members, of whom,-

(a) fourteen shall be elected by the members of each Provincial Assembly;

(b) eight shall be elected from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas,
in such manner as the President may, by Order, prescribe;

(c) two on general seats, and one woman and one technocrat including aalim
shall be elected from the Federal Capital in such manner as the President
may, by Order, prescribe;

(d) four women shall be elected


by the members of each Provincial Assembly;

(e) four technocrats including ulema shall be elected by the members of
each Provincial Assembly.

(2) Election to fill seats in the Senate allocated to each Province shall
be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means
of the single transferable vote.

(3) The Senate shall not be subject to dissolution but the term of its members,
who shall retire as follows, shall be six years:-

(a) of the members referred to in paragraph (a) of clause (1), seven shall
retire after the expiration of the first three years and seven shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years.

(b) of the members referred to in paragraph (b) of the aforesaid clause,
four shall retire after the expiration of the first three years and four
shall retire after theexpiration of the next three years;

(c) of the members referred to in paragraph (c) of the aforesaid clause,-

(i) one elected on general seat shall retire after the expiration of
the first three years and the other one shall retire after the expiration
of the next three years, and

(ii) one elected on the seat reserved for technocrat shall retire after
first three years and the one elected on the seat reserved for woman shall
retire after the expiration of the next three years;

(d) of the members referred to in paragraph (d) of the aforesaid clause,
two shall retire after the expiration of the three years and two shall retire
after the expiration of the next three years; and

(e) of the members referred to in paragraph (e) of the aforesaid clause,
two shall retire after the expiration


of the first three years and two shall
retire after the expiration of the next three years:

Provided that the term of office of a person elected to fill a casual
vacancy shall be the unexpired term of the member whose vacancy he has filled.

60. Chairman and Deputy Chairman

(1) After the Senate has been duly constituted, it shall, at its first meeting
and to the exclusion of any other business, elect from amongst its members
a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman and, so often as the office of Chairman or
Deputy Chairman becomes vacant, the Senate shall elect another member as Chairman
or, as the case may be, Deputy Chairman.

(2) The term of office of the Chairman or Deputy Chairman shall be [60][three]
years from the day on which he enters upon his office.

61. Other provisionsNational Assembly, not less than twenty -five
years of age and is enrolled as a voter in any electoral roll in-

(i) any part of Pakistan, for election to a general seat or a seat reserved
for non-Muslims; and

(ii) any area in a Province from which he seeks membership for election
to a seat reserved for women.

(c) he is, in the case of Senate, not less than thirty years of age and is
enrolled as a voter in any area in a Province or, as the case may be, the
Federal Capital or the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, from where he
seeks membership;

(d) he is of good character and is not commonly known as one who violates
Islamic Injunctions;

(e) he has adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practises obligatory
duties prescribed by Islam as well as abstains


service of Pakistan
or service of a corporation or office set up or controlled by the Federal
Government, Provincial Government or a Local Government on the grounds of
misconduct or moral turpitude; or

(k) he has been in the service of Pakistan or of any statutory body or
any body which is owned or controlled by the Government or in which the
Government has a controlling share or interest, unless a period of two years
has elapsed since he ceased to be in such service; or

(l) he is found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice under any law
for the time being in force, unless a period of five years has elapsed from
the date on which that order takes effect; or

(m) he has been convicted under section 7 of the Political Parties Act,
1962 (III of1962), unless a period of five years has elapsed from the date
of such conviction; or

(n) he, whether by himself or by any person or body of persons in trust
for him or for his benefit or on his account or as a member of a Hindu undivided
family, has any share or interest in a contract, not being a contract between
a cooperative society and Government, for the supply of goods to, or for
the execution of any contract or for the performance of any service undertaken
by, Government:

Provided that the disqualification under this paragraph shall not apply
to a person-

(i) where the share or interest in the contract devolves on him by inheritance
or succession or as a legatee, executor or administrator, until the expiration
of six months after it has so devolved on him;

(ii)


where the contract has been entered into by or on behalf of a public
company as defined in the Companies Ordinance, 1984 (XLVII of 1984), of
which he is a share-holder but is not a director holding an office of
profit under the company; or

(iii) where he is a member of a Hindu undivided family and the contract
has been entered into by any other member of that family in the course
of carrying on a separate business in which he has no share or interest;
or

Explanation.- In this Article "goods" does not include agricultural
produce or commodity grown or produced by him or such goods as he is,
under any directive of Government or any law for the time being in force,
under a duty or obligation to supply.

(o) he holds any office of profit inspouse or any of his dependents,
which remains unpaid for more than one year from the due date, or has got
such loan written off; or

(r) he or his spouse or any of his dependents has defaulted in payment
of government dues and utility expenses, including telephone, electricity,
gas and water charges in excess of ten thousand rupees, for over six months,
at the time of filing his nomination papers ; or

(s) he is for the time being disqualified from being elected or chosen
as a member of the Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)or of a Provincial Assembly
under any law for the time being in force.

(2) If any question arises whether a member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)
has become disqualified from being a member, the Speaker or, as the case may
be, the Chairman shall, within thirty days from raising


be declared in writing by the Head of the Parliamentary Party to
have defected from the political party, and the Head of the Parliamentary
Party may forward a copy of the declaration to the Presiding Officer, and
shall similarly forward a copy thereof to the member concerned:

Provided that before making the declaration, the Head of the Parliamentary
Party shall provide such member with an opportunity to show cause as to
why such declaration may not be made against him.

(2) A member of a House shall be deemed to be a member of a Parliamentary
Party if he having been elected as a candidate or nominee of a political party
which constitutes the Parliamentary Party in the House or, having been elected
otherwise than as a candidate or nominee of a political party, has become
a member ofin this Article shall apply to the Chairman or Speaker
of a House.

(7) For the purpose of this Article -

(a) "House" means the National Assembly or the Senate in relation
to the Federation and a Provincial Assembly in relation to the Province,
as the case may be.

(b) "Presiding Officer" means the Speaker of the National Assembly,
the Chairman of the Senate or the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, as
the case may be.

64. Vacation of seats.

(1) A Member of Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament) may, by writing under his hand
addressed to the Speaker or, as the case may be, the Chairman resign his seat,
and thereupon his seat shall become vacant.

(2) A House may declare the seat of a member vacant if, without leave of
the House, he remains absent for forty consecutive days of its sittings.

65. Oath


as Chairman of the Committee and the other House
shall nominate a member as the Vice-Chairman thereof.

(3) All decisions of the Mediation Committee shall be made by a majority
of the total number of members of each House in the Committee.

(4) The President may, in consultation with the Speaker of the National
Assembly and Chairman of the Senate, make rules for conduct of business
of the Mediation Committee.

72. Procedure at joint sittings.

(1) The President, after consultation with the Speaker of the National Assembly
and the Chairman, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to the joint
sittings of, and communications between, the two Houses.

(2) At a joint sitting, the Speaker of the National Assembly or, in his
absence, such person as may be determined by the rules made under clause (1),
shall preside.

(3) Therules made under clause (1) shall be laid before a joint sitting
and may be added to, varied, amended or replaced at a joint sitting.

(4) Subject to the Constitution, all decisions at a joint sitting shall
be taken by the votes of the majority of the members present and voting.

73. Procedure with respect to Money Bill.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 70, a Money Bill shall
originate in the National Assembly.

Provided that simultaneously when a Money Bill, including the Finance Bill
containing the Annual Budget Statement, is presented in the National Assembly,
a copy thereof shall be transmitted to the Senate which may, within seven
days, make recommendations thereon to the National Assembly.

(1A) The National Assembly shall, consider the recommendations of the Senate
and after the Bill has been passed by the Assembly with or


Assembly shall have power to assent to, or to refuse to assent to,
any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount
specified therein;

Provided that, for a period of ten years from the commencing day or the
holding of the second general election to the National Assembly, whichever
occurs later, a demand shall be deemed to have been assented to without any
reduction of the amount specified therein, unless, by the votes of a majority
of the total membership of the Assembly, it is refused or assented to subject
to a reduction of the amount specified therein.

(3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of
the Federal Government.

83. Authentication of schedule of authorised expenditure.

(1) The Prime Minister shall authenticate by his signature a schedule specifying-

(a)on account.

Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to
financial matters, the National Assembly shall have power to make any grant
in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial
year, not exceeding four months, pending completion of the procedure prescribed
in Article 82 for the voting of such grant and the authentication of the schedule
of authorized expenditure in accordance with the provisions of Article 83 in
relation to the expenditure.

86. Power to authorise expenditure when Assembly stands dissolved.

Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions relating to
financial matters, at any time when the National Assembly stands dissolved,
the Federal Government may authorize expenditure from the Federal Consolidated
Fund in respect of the estimated expenditure for a period not exceeding four
months in any financial year, pending completion of the procedure


of the National Assembly and the Senate within authorised
appropriations shall be controlled by the National Assembly or, as the case
may be, the Senate acting on the advice of its Finance Committee.

(2) The Finance Committee shall consist of the Speaker or, as the case may
be, the Chairman, the Minister of Finance and such other members as may be
elected thereto by the National Assembly or, as the case may be, the Senate.

(3) The Finance Committee may make rules for regulating its procedure.

Ordinances

89. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances.

(1) The President may, except when the National Assembly is in session, if
satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary to take immediate
action, make and promulgate an Ordinance- as the circumstances may require.

(2) An Ordinance promulgated under this Article shall have the sameCabinet.

(1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its
head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions.

(2) The President shall in his discretion appoint from amongst the members
of the National Assembly a Prime Minister who, in his opinion, is most likely
to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly.

(2A) Notwithstanding any-thing contained in clause (2), after the twentieth
day of March, one thousand nine hundred and ninety, the President shall invite
the member of the National Assembly to be the Prime Minister who commands
the confidence of the majority of the members of the National Assembly, as
ascertained in a session of the Assembly summoned for the purpose in accordance
with the provisions of the Constitution.

(3) The person appointed


under clause (2) or as the case may be, invited
under clause (2A) shall, before entering upon the office, make before the
President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule and shall within
a period of sixty days thereof obtain a vote of confidence from the National
Assembly.

(4) The Cabinet, together with the Ministers of State, shall be collectively
responsible to the National Assembly.

(5) The Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the President,
but the President shall not exercise his powers under this clause unless he
is satisfied that the Prime Minister does not command the confidence of the
majority of the members of the National Assembly, in which case he shall summon
the National Assembly and require the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence
from the Assembly.

(6) The PrimeMinister may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President,
resign his office.

(7) A Minister who for any period of six consecutive months is not a member
of the National Assembly shall, at the expiration of that period, cease to
be a Minister and shall not before the dissolution of that Assembly be again
appointed a Minister unless he is elected a member of that Assembly:

Provided that nothing contained in this clause shall apply to a Minister
who is a member of the Senate.

(8) Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed as disqualifying
the Prime Minister or any other Minister or a Minister of State for continuing
in office during any period during which the National Assembly stands dissolved,
or as preventing the appointment of any person as Prime Minister or other
Minister or as


Minister of State during any such period.

92. Federal Ministers and Ministers of State.

(1) Subject to clauses (7) and (8) of Article 91, the President shall appoint
Federal Ministers and Ministers of State from amongst the members of Majlis-e-Shoora
(Parliament) on the advice of the Prime Minister:

Provided that the number of Federal Ministers an d Ministers of State who
are members of the Senate shall not at any time exceed one-fourth of the number
of Federal Ministers.

(2) Before entering upon office, a Federal Minister or Minister of State
shall make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule.

(3) A Federal Minister or Minister of State may, by writing under his hand
addressed to the President, resign his office or may be removed from office
by the President on the advice ofthe Prime Minister.

93. Advisers.

(1) The President may, on the advice of the Prime Minister, appoint not more
than five Advisers, on such terms and conditions as he may determine.

(2) The provisions of Article 57 shall also apply to an Adviser.

94. Prime Minister continuing in office.

The President may ask the Prime Minister to continue to hold office until his
successor enters upon the office of Prime Minister.

95. Vote of no-confidence against Prime Minister.

(1) A resolution for a vote of no-confidence moved by not less than twenty
per centum of the total membership of the National Assembly may be passed
against the Prime Minister by the National Assembly.

(2) A resolution referred to in clause (1) shall not be voted upon before
the expiration of three days, or later than seven days, from the day on


transaction
of the business of the Federal Government.

100. Attorney-General for Pakistan.

(1) The President shall appoint a person, being a person qualified to be
appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court, to be the Attorney-General for Pakistan.

(2) The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Federal
Government upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a
legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the Federal Government,
and in the performance of his duties he shall have the right of audience in
all courts and tribunals in Pakistan.

(4) The Attorney-General may, by writing under his hand addressed to the
President, resign his office.In a private meeting with Syrian opposition leaders, Secretary of State John Kerry said he believed the international community “wasted a year” by not working together to help topple strongman Bashar al-Assad.

The various countries trying to help the Free Syrian Army had failed to coordinate their efforts effectively for a long time, Kerry said inside the private meeting last Thursday with Syrian Opposition Coalition president Ahmad Jarba, according to three participants in the meeting. And that lack of coordination had dramatically set back the drive to stop Assad’s rampage and counter the growing terrorism threat.

All three participants in the meeting requested anonymity because they were not authorized to speak about the gathering, which was held at the State Department in Washington, D.C. Several State Department officials, at least


one National Security Council staffer, and several representatives of the Syrian Opposition Coalition and the Supreme Military Council were in attendance.

The participants said Kerry made the remark in the context of a discussion about renewed efforts to coordinate the flow of both aid and weapons to the Syrian rebels. Earlier this year, the intelligence chiefs of several Arab countries came to Washington to work on concentrating the flow of aid away from more extremist elements—and toward moderate rebels such as the FSA. The group is fighting hard-liners such as the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) all over northern Syria.

Days after that meeting, the FSA’s Supreme Military Council appointed a new leader, Brig. Gen. Abdul-Ilah al-Bashir. And in recent weeks, the rebels have begun to receive anduse American-made anti-tank missiles, part of a “pilot program” to test the Supreme Military Council’s ability to handle advanced weapons responsibly and prevent their proliferation to extremist groups.

Bashir sat down for an exclusive interview with The Daily Beast on Sunday. The main purpose of the Syrian Opposition Coalition delegation’s trip to Washington, he said, was to ask for anti-aircraft weapons to protect Syrian civilians from regime air strikes, which lately have included barrel bombs and chlorine gas attacks on civilian targets. Bashir also asked the United States to take the lead on the international effort to provide aid and arms to the Syrian Opposition Civilian and military leadership.

Inside the meeting, Kerry told the Syrian opposition leaders that he understood their desire for more advanced arms. But he did


Click to expand Image Women walk out of a community center of the Ahmadiyya community in Rabwah, Pakistan, October 19, 2017. © 2017 Reuters

(New York) – The Pakistani government should immediately act to allow the full and equal participation of members of the Ahmadiyya religious community in the general elections scheduled for July 25, 2018, Human Rights Watch said today. The government should drop discriminatory provisions in the electoral law that effectively exclude Ahmadis because of their religious beliefs.

The Ahmadiyya community regards Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of their sect, as a prophet, a claim that the dominant Muslim faiths and Pakistani law reject. To register as voters, Ahmadis must either renounce their faith or agree to be placed in a separate electoral list and accept their statusunder the military dictatorship of President Gen. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq reversed universal voting rights and introduced a system of separate electorates that required non-Muslims to register as a separate category and vote for non-Muslim candidates. To vote, the Ahmadis had to register as non-Muslims. Since then, Ahmadis have in practice been denied the right to vote in local, provincial, and national elections.

In 2002, President Gen. Pervez Musharraf abolished the separate electorate system and restored the original joint electorate scheme with one major amendment. Through an executive order, he created a separate category for Ahmadis. Executive Order No. 15 states that elections for the members of the National Assembly and the provincial assemblies shall be held on the basis of a joint electorate, but the “status of Ahmadis [was] to


a persecutor of minorities and an enabler of abuses.”

Click to expand Image Ahamdi women walk through the Ahmadi graveyard in Rabwah, Pakistan, December 9, 2013. © 2013 Reuters

Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan

The Ahmadiyya community has long been persecuted in Pakistan. Since 1953, when the first post-independence anti-Ahmadiyya riots broke out, the relatively small number of Ahmadis in Pakistan have lived under threat. The community boycotts the census but estimates that there are approximately four million Ahmadis in Pakistan out of a total population of 220 million.

Between 1953 and 1973, this persecution was sporadic, but in 1974 a new wave of anti-Ahmadi disturbances spread across Pakistan. In response, Pakistan’s parliament, instead of acting to protect the community, introduced constitutional amendments that defined the term “Muslim” in thePakistani context and listed groups that were deemed to be non-Muslim under Pakistani law. The amendment, which went into effect on September 6, 1974, explicitly deprived Ahmadis of their identity as Muslims.

In 1984, Pakistan amended its penal code, giving legal status to five ordinances that explicitly targeted religious minorities, including a law against blasphemy; a law punishing defiling the Quran; a prohibition against insulting the wives, family, or companions of the Prophet of Islam; and two laws specifically restricting the activities of Ahmadis. On April 26, 1984, General Zia-ul-Haq issued these last two laws as part of Martial Law Ordinance XX, which amended Pakistan’s Penal Code, sections 298-B and 298-C.

Ordinance XX undercut the activities of religious minorities generally, but struck at Ahmadis in particular by prohibiting them from


Netflix is having a significant impact on subscription TV in Central and Eastern Europe, even if its penetration lags far behind markets in Western Europe, according to Andrey Popov, home entertainment analyst at IHS Markit.

Despite a widespread perception that Netflix is having a negligible impact in CEE because it has not localised its service and because the price point is too high for the market, Popov, speaking at the Digital TV CEE conference in Budapest, said that the streaming giant is in fact responsible for much of recent growth in paid services in the region.

While CEE has not been affected much by cord cutting, in more developed markets online subscription services are widely available and the market is undergoing changes in terms of subscription growth, said Popov. Online'Beer for homeless' blasted

A US "charity" that raises money to buy alcohol for homeless people was today attacked by the Salvation Army for adding "fuel to the fire".

Gerard Byrne, social program secretary of recovery services with the Salvation Army in Sydney, said the idea was a dangerous stunt.

Promoting themselves as a legitimate charity, Beer for the Homeless is the brainchild of talk radio personalities from WGOW-FM Chattanooga, Tennessee, who believe it will reduce begging by treating the homeless more equitably.

On their website, the group writes: "Merely because one has no home does not mean that one is somehow a second-class citizen and is no longer allowed the simple pleasures that society allows to those lucky enough to put a roof over their head.

"Beer For The Homeless steps up


October 15, 1978, Carmine Tramunti died of natural causes in prison. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery, Queens.

In popular culture
Tramunti’s conviction in the French Connection case is referenced in the 1990 movie, Goodfellas. In the movie, mob boss Paul Cicero (based on the real life counterpart Paul Vario) warns the main character Henry Hill against drug dealing, and references "Gribbs" as an example.
Tramunti may have been the inspiration for the Mafia character Dominic Cattano, played by the Sicilian-American actor  Armand Assante, in the 2007 motion picture American Gangster.

References

Category:1910 births
Category:1978 deaths
Category:Bosses of the Lucchese crime family
Category:Lucchese crime family
Category:American mobsters of Italian descent
Category:Mobsters who died in prison custody
Category:American people who died in prison custody
Category:Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention
Category:People from Whitestone, Queenscooperatively both online and locally. None before you have returned from their journey. Will you put an end to the Chaos?

PS4, PS Vita — Digital (Cross-Buy)

An odyssey to the world below! Set out for in search of a missing girl and venture out in a fantasy action RPG. Take on enemies with weapons and magic in quick-paced action battles. Explore dungeons, craft items, upgrade weapons, cook dishes and enjoy your quest with a variety of original and colorful characters.

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After the Soulstone is stolen during an auction in the national museum, Claire and her helpers witnessed the revival of the terracotta army and its Emperor. Go on a journey through a country full of myths in the exciting casual strategy game Lost Artifacts: Soulstone.

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Crimeans vote tomorrow in an illegal "referendum" which will lock them into Russia's embrace. After this vote, and the takeover by Russian troops of the southern Ukraine peninsula, Vladimir Putin will claim he has legal justification for further military build-up and direct armed attack. How do I know? Because of the many painful parallels and lessons from Georgia in 2008.

The invasions of Ukraine and Georgia bear striking similarities, not only because the pattern of the invader stays the same, but also because the two countries share deep historic parallels. Today, when Putin and his cheerleaders in the west claim Russia has legitimate interests in Ukraine – as they justified Russia's aggression in Georgia on the pretext of protecting Russian citizens – they seem to ignore the facts. Ineastern Ukraine, Stalin's regime killed 7 million people in an artificially created famine called Golodomor in the 1930s, to replace a restive population with a more loyal one. In Crimea, they deported the indigenous Tatars, increasing the number of Russians instead, and even though some have made it back to their ancestral lands, they haven't regained the majority they enjoyed historically.

By the same token, those who justify Russia's occupation of the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia stubbornly ignore the fact that largely due to direct Russian intervention, the ethnic Georgian majorities were cleansed from their homelands.

Both Ukraine and Georgia aspired to join Nato, but the door was closed at the Bucharest summit of 2008. From Putin's point of view, this untied his hands to deal with


two neighbours that had tried to free themselves from Russia's grip. Both countries have had democratic revolutions, which clearly created ideological problems for Putin, as he regards successful reforms in Georgia, and Ukraine's aspirations to achieve the same, as a direct threat to his own iron grip in Russia.

There are many parallels, too, with how the conflicts started. For months prior to August 2008, "unidentified troops" masquerading as local insurgents grabbed more and more control over Georgia's separatist regions, and were getting into a growing number of shooting matches with local law enforcement. Russian tank columns started to move into Georgia to the point when, on 7 August 2008, the armed forces were compelled to respond. It was easier to start a hot war in Georgia as therewas to take Tbilisi in 2008. The Crimea referendum is just an intermediary instrument to achieve this goal. In Georgia's case they called it a "new legal reality", Putin's version of gross violation of existing international law.

If the west had reacted properly to Georgia, Ukraine would never have happened. The invasion of Georgia was the first time since the cold war that Russia had tried to revise existing internationally recognised borders. So the west's reaction was of disbelief, and then it sought to pin the blame on both sides.

Soon after the Russo-Georgian war, on Germany's initiative, the EU created the Tagliavini Commision to study the origin of the conflict, which while not able to ignore the basic facts of Russia's actions enabled the EU to get back to


business as usual with Russia.

Looking back, this gave Putin the sense he could get away with a similar adventure closer to Europe's heartland, in a country whose population is 10 times greater than Georgia's. Many in the west hope the Ukraine crisis will fade away to business as usual. But the cycles of appeasement usually get shorter with geometric progression. It took Putin only five years after Georgia to strike again. The longer he stays in power, the more his insecurity increases. He sees territorial conquest as a means of achieving political rejuvenation and longevity. With the Crimea "referendum" a new clock has started to tick. The longer the west's wishful thinking lasts, the bigger this problem will become.attention to those four or five people as well as their addicted family member, and you increase the likelihood of a successful recovery, says Charles Curie, administrator of SAMHSA, which is part of the Department of Health and Human Services.

"More and more, you're unable to make a real impact on someone's addiction unless the family as a whole is considered," he says.

When asked for words or phrases that described addiction's effect on their family, survey respondents came up with "devastating," "abusive" and "bitter," among others. In interviews taken during the poll, the survey respondents described life with an addicted family member.

One now ex-husband says he called every drugstore within 50 miles of his home to ask pharmacists to stop filling his wife's painkiller prescriptions because she was getting


duplicates from various doctors. Another spoke of how his now ex-wife would crack open a beer as soon as she got home from work and, on weekend mornings, practically as soon as she got out of bed.

Not surprisingly, when one spouse drinks heavily and the other doesn't, chances of divorce are high, says Kenneth Leonard, a senior scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions at the University at Buffalo.

But when both are heavy drinkers, researchers have found that they tend to be fairly satisfied with their marriage, says Leonard, whose research into the effects of alcoholism on marriages and children is financed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

When only one spouse drinks heavily or uses drugs or does both, chances are it's the husband. Inthe USA TODAY/HBO poll, which was conducted by Gallup and had a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points, 31% of women who had an addicted relative mentioned their spouse, compared with only 12% of men.

Tim Ryan says his wife, Shannon Ryan, 35, "barely drinks." Ask her to describe life over the years with her husband, and the word "turmoil" pretty much sums it up. When he was using drugs or drinking heavily, she says, "he was not a father, he was not a husband, he was not a friend. He was just someone who existed and brought home a paycheck."

They met when she was hired as the office administrator at his company, where he worked as director of recruiting. "I had told him the


first date we went on if he was involved in drugs in any way, let me know, because I didn't want to continue with him," she recalls. "He lied to me."

Before they were married in December 1996, Shannon Ryan says, "I knew he had the alcohol issues. I didn't even change my last name for a while. A good way to start a marriage, knowing you're going to be divorced right away."

They were married at the courthouse. She was pregnant with their first child together (Ryan eventually adopted her firstborn son from a previous relationship). He was hung over, the couple say.

After their son was born, Shannon Ryan says, she began hyphenating her maiden name and her husband's last name "so I could at least be associated withhim (her son) when he went to school."

Around that time she found cocaine on a shelf in the garage.

"At first, he denied it: 'It's not mine, it's a friend's.' But after a while, he admitted it," she recalls. "I was blind for a couple of years, but now the pieces were starting to fit." She'd noticed money disappearing. Now she knew why.

"And it really wasn't too long after that that he got clean for a while, for about a year," she says. "I wanted to think it would be forever, but I knew deep down it was a temporary thing. I just kind of knew that he would eventually fall.

"I think in the back of his head he had the goal, 'I'm just going to do it for


a year.' "

And then their firstborn child, at age 6, was struck by a car. The boy, who is now 12, had surgery and spent a week in the hospital, followed by weeks of recuperating at home. Shannon Ryan, who was interviewed separately from her husband, figures that the accident served as a convenient reason for him to fall back into his old habits.

Over the next several years, during which their family grew by two, "he had brief moments here and there of being clean or sober," Ryan's wife recalls. "Usually, he would either drink, or he would do drugs. It was rarely combined."

Eventually, he began using heroin. "Heroin is so different from cocaine or alcohol," Shannon Ryan says. "It has such a different grab on him. It'suncontrollable."

Working at home probably helped her husband keep his recruiting job, she says. "He could use here at home. He could go out and get the heroin, and no one knew he was gone."

She says she would take him to the train station so he could go downtown to interview job candidates. Or so she thought. "This went on for two years before I realized what he was doing," she says. Besides wining and dining job prospects, her husband admits, he also was meeting drug dealers to buy heroin.

Although Ryan says he has made "well over" $100,000 each year of his marriage, his addiction left them broke. "Drugs and alcohol came first, and the bills came second," Shannon Ryan says.

They had a car repossessed, then a boat. "I


had several loans go into default," she says.

"I had to borrow money to pay our electric bills. It was just sickening, making the amount of money he did. We couldn't get credit for anything."

Women pay the price

In the USA TODAY poll, women were significantly more likely than men to say that a family member's addiction had hurt their mental and physical health and their marriage, and Shannon Ryan is no exception. As a result of her husband's addiction, she says, she developed an ulcer and began taking an antidepressant.

Ryan says he can't understand why she stayed with him. She acknowledges: "I thought about leaving him a lot. To be honest, I felt really trapped, being that he was the breadwinner. I didn't have a job. I had foursmall children. I really couldn't go out and get a job."

So she stayed home and covered for her husband. Ryan says he frequently broke promises to take their kids to the park or to the zoo.

"The kids would be disappointed, and then I would have to pick up the slack," Shannon Ryan says. "I would have to make up excuses for him. I was doing a lot of lying to the kids."

They were young, but they weren't oblivious, she says. "The oldest one, especially. He would know when Tim was drunk, for sure. He would know when Tim was high on cocaine."

The toll on children

A nationwide household survey in 2003 found that 6 million children in the USA lived with at least one parent who abused or was