24. NY: Doubleday Anchor. 1982). 103–4. Craig Karp. DC: National Defense University. Gérard Chaliand. 29. 1958). Chauvel. Eliza Van Hollen.

p. PAVN: People’s Army of Vietnam (Novato. Every upgrade of weapons sent to ARVN was in response to a previous superiority on the side of the enemy. 170. See Lebra. Douglas Pike. Combat Recon: My Year with the ARVN (New York: St. CA: Presidio. The French Republic recognized Emperor Bao Dai as head of state of independent Vietnam on June 5. Jean Marchand. p. Bureaucracy at War: U.S. CA: Presidio. 660. p. The number of U.S. Agonie de l’Indochine. the U. 1976). 159. Henri Navarre. 178–85. The population of metropolitan France at that time was over 40 million.S. Struggle for Indochina. CO: Westview.000. Indochine française (Paris: Editions France-Empire. Davidson.nevertheless. See also Charles Oman. “Genocide in La Vendée. Vulliamy. CO: Westview. This was the real root of the convenient belief in London that the war. Crimea: The Campaign of 1854–1856 (London: Jonathan Cape. 7. See also C. Malaya: The Communist Insurgent War (Hamden. p. 1975). For ARVN skepticism about ralliers.300
Notes to Pages 168–174
Nam.E. see Richard A. Village in Viet Nam (New Haven. The Viet Cong Style of Politics (Santa Monica. The surrender at Yorktown convinced the British government to end the war. CA: RAND. p.” 4. “American Guerrillas: The War of Independence. Ibid. 1964). Gerald C. Thomas Pakenham. See a brief but incisive description of these tactics in Paul-Marie De la Gorce. Out of these woeful misconceptions arose the fierce and protracted struggle in the Carolinas. at


commanded only 3. 442–43. Hickey. Chieu Hoi. 1969). Thus. The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I (Westport. could be won by mobilizing the allegedly quite numerous native Loyalists. Small Wars Manual. Thomas C. 341. See Joes. John C. pp. Nathan Leites.

.” From U. Afghanistan: Soviet Occupation and Withdrawal (Washington. 1986). pp. The Army and Viet Nam (Baltimore.” Self-Destruction: The Disintegration and Decay of the United States Army During the Viet Nam Era (New York: Norton. Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation (Washington. pp. War Without Fronts. AL: Air University Press.000 men and boys the pro-Soviet Kabul regime was able to scrape together out of a population of 15 million. p.. J. 16.).S. 1993). out of a populationin Afghanistan (New York: St. Department of State. War Without Fronts. Street Without Joy (Harrisburg. B. 197. 435. Assisting the Americans in South Vietnam was an indigenous force eventually numbering 1 million regulars and militia. Westmoreland. vol. ed. pp. 1954–1975 (Westport. p. Herman Kahn. Department of State. Responding to Low-Intensity Conflict Challenges (Maxwell AFB. DC: Department of State. The War for South Viet Nam. Lessons of the War in Indochina. p. Ebert. 1988). 46. 20.N. DC: U. 22.. War in Peace: Conventional and Guerrilla Warfare since 1945 (New York: Harmony. History of the British Army. 1965–1972 (Novato. 1987).” Foreign Affairs vol. eds.000 men. 417.W. Patterson. Tibet in Revolt (London: Faber and Faber. 216. Figures vary from year to year and from source to source. Agonie de l’Indochine. 23.


294. pp.. 17.. Ibid. Army Field Manual 100–20. In 1994. 497.. Nothing about government is done as incompetently as the reporting of it. On Indian counterinsurgency. then-U. pp. 11. no. For opposition on the part of U. 510 11. Advice and Support. War for South Viet Nam. October 1. 1994. military leaders to large-scale American ground commitment in the Greek civil war. “Illustrations of Learning in Counterinsurgency Warfare.” Small Wars and Insurgencies. reputation. 511. Gerald C. America and Guerrilla Warfare. See Hickey. Allan R. 2–45 and 2–47. The Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force (New York: Public Affairs. The U. The Development and Training of the South Vietnamese Army. DC: U. 10. and America and Guerrilla Warfare.. 1980). See James L. chapter4. U.S. DC: U. See Joes. p. Cann. Collins. 294. Army Center of Military History. p.” Representative Barney Frank (Dem-Mass. “Nicaragua: A Training Ground”. Also consult Stephen T. For the damage done to the readiness. 8.S. John P.S. 15. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War 1961–1974 (Westport. 1998). There is something close to a consensus today that the major media misreported the 1968 Tet offensive in South Vietnam and thereby changed the course of that conflict. 1990). 1980). CA: RAND. Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell (Dem-Maine) stated that the American news industry was “more destructive than constructive than ever. 13.S. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War 1961–1974 (Westport. chapter seven. p. DC: U. Ibid. 1976). Government Printing Office. 12. 1997). 239.” New York Times.


14. Long-term occupation of a foreign land and a foreign people can have a profoundly corrupting effect on any army. 1485–89. pp. Army Center of Military History. 1988). 7.
. p. pp. p. 25. p. TROOPS IN A COUNTERINSURGENT ROLE
1.302
Notes to Pages 179–184
Cann.S. America and Guerrilla Warfare.

1941–1949 (London: Hart-Davis. On the 1974 overthrow of the Portuguese government by the armed forces. involvement in Vietnam is voluminous and growing. Swamp Fox (New York: Henry Holt. Krepinevich. Winston. Grayson. The Partisan War: The South Carolina Campaign of 1780–1782 (Columbia. 1987). 1961). Andrew F. Robert O. O’Ballance. Greek Civil War. In contrast. p. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution (Stanford. 1976). introduced less destructive tactics. Soviet loss of interest in the struggle was of course another important factor. Noel B. Schmitter.Ramage. 1899–1902 (Lawrence. “Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement.M. The Philippine War.S. no attempt is made to identify even a sampling of the best works. MacGibbon. Bass. See the following excellent studies: John Morgan Gates.Notes to Pages 229–231
313
(April 1972). Woodhouse. Francis Marion: The Swamp Fox (New York: Crowell. 36. 1909]). 30. “Counter-Insurgency in Mozambique. see Russell F. to the other sections of this essay. Gerson. On guerrillas in the American War of Independence. Rinehart. 1977). CA: Hoover Institution. Philippe C. C. see John S. D. 1964 [orig. Mosby. The Memoirs of Colonel John S. 37. For the Civil War. El Salvador: Observations and Experiences in Counterinsurgency (Carlisle Barracks. 1967). Quantrill and the Border Wars (New York: Pageant. Consult John Waghelstein. 1999). Mosby (New York: Kraus Reprint.” Orbis (Summer


South Carolina Loyalists in the American Revolution (Columbia. Thomas H.W. A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America’s Last Years in Viet Nam (New York: Harcourt. 1899–1902 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. The literature on the U. Army War College. Quantrill’s War (New York: St. The Army and Viet Nam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Gamecock: The Life and Times of General Thomas Sumter (New York: Holt. Albert Castel. Robert D. Bass. G. SC: University of South Carolina.S. May. NY: Doubleday. CT: Yale University. William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times (New York: Frederick Fell. Battle for Batangas: A Philippine Province at War (New Haven. Hugh F. Max G. 1985). 1996). Gray Ghost. Duane Schultz. 34. 1989). CT: Greenwood. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United StatesArmy in the Philippines. See the excellent study by Lewis Sorley. DeMond. 1970 ). Creighton Abrams. 1989). Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri during the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University. The Loyalists in North Carolina During the Revolution (Hamden.S. Weigley. 1962).” Journal of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies (March 1973).” Orbis 19 (Summer 1975). 35. see the following: Neil Bruce.

1988).” Comparative Strategy. 160 (Summer 1997). Benedict J.
CHAPTER 17: ELEMENTS OF A COUNTERINSURGENT STRATEGY
1. “El Salvador: A Long War in a Small Country. ed. 6. Institute of Peace. “El Salvador’s Lessons for Future U. Timothy Wickham-Crowley. 1997). Internal Wars: Rethinking Problem and Response (Carlisle Barracks. 1985). Linn. 312.” in Harry Eckstein. CT: Greenwood. Institute Peace. Lucian Pye. Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: El


University. Robert E. El Salvador at War: An Oral History (Washington. ‘democracy’— defined as elections—is not enough to doom revolution. p. “Illustrations of Learning in Counterinsurgency Warfare. but rather that they will prevent their success. Philippine War. 1988).” in The Lessons of Recent Wars in the Third World. CA: University of California. Internal War (Glencoe. MA: Lexington Books. p. Ernest Evans. NJ: Princeton University. Caesar Sereseres. 1989). 1998). 306. 2000). DC: Brassey’s. Kerkvliet.S.

Malaya. Richard L. George W. George. 213. p. 80ff. NC: University of North Carolina. 1966). Nathan
. Guerrilla Conflict before the Cold War. 1970). Book VII. 10. Donald Smythe. 15. Army and the Pacific. p. 1851–1868 (Paris: Mouton. 1990 [orig. Wright. KS: University Press of Kansas. The Time of the Eagles: United States Army Officers and theS. 73. The Art of War. General Abdul H. 26. Land to the Tiller in the Mekong Delta (Lanham. Epitoma rei militaris. 2003). Harmon.” Asian Survey. 1961). vol. Black Jack. 25. John Morgan Gates. 1902–1940 (Chapel Hill. Vic Hurley. Anthony Short. 1945–1949 (Berkeley. p. Fairbank (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Art of Counter-Revolutionary War: The Strategy of Counterinsurgency (London: Faber and Faber. Clutterbuck. Mary C. Air Power in Small Wars: Fighting Insurgents and Terrorists (Lawrence. See Pye. p. ed. The Last Stand of Chinese Conservatism (Stanford. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States Army in the Philippines 1898–1902 (Westport. 271. iii. 1997). Brian McAllister Linn. Nasution. part 1. 1994). 1965 [orig.Notes to Pages 235–243
315
8. A Military History of Modern China 1924–1949 (Princeton. John McCuen. Suppressing Insurgency: An Analysis of


Pathologies”. 51. The Key to Failure: Laos and the Viet Nam War (Lanham. Regular Armies and Insurgency (London: Croom Helm. 369. 1968). 1964–1969. Book 1. On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Viet Nam War (Novato. On War.J. pp. 250.
. 1972). Penniman. 1974).” Parameters. 199. liked PROVN a great deal. Silence Was a Weapon: The Viet Nam War in the Villages (Novato. 659. no. Malcolm Salmon. See Lewis Sorley. chapter one. Dennis J. War Without Fronts. Clausewitz. 1979). 53. p. p. and The War for South Viet Nam (Westport. 32–34. 47. 54. CA: Presidio. VA: U. Marine Corps. Hannah. 142 (June 1995). 11.S. Strategy. 49. The Village (New York: Harper and Row. IV. p. 13) estimates that the Communists had the support of one-fourth of the South Vietnamese.1994). 57. pp. DC: American Enterprise Institute.” China Quarterly. “To Change a War: General Harold K. 374. See the geographical distribution of U. Elections in South Viet Nam (Washington.. If all the North Vietnamese who came down the Ho Chi Minh Trail over a period of years had entered South Vietnam in one day. in charge of U. see F. 60. Sir Robert Thompson. commander of Fleet Marine Force. CA: Presidio. 1982). p. America and Guerrilla Warfare. See Joes. For the CAPs. CT: Praeger. vol. 371. 482. Evolution. Chen Jian. Scalapino. 1972). 1966. Johnson and the PROVN Study. MD: Madison Books. see also The Pentagon Papers. IL: Peacock. And if the North Vietnamese had committed the colossal error of trying to outflank the blockage on the Ho Chi


Minh Trail by invading Thailand? So much the better! 58. and Stuart A. Book VI. casualties in Thayer. 1967). 153.” Far Eastern Economic Review. DC: Department of the Army. West. 1966). But General Victor Krulak. 1987). Viet Nam: Anatomy of a Conflict (Itasca. 46. Defeating Communist Insurgency: The Lessons of Malaya and Viet Nam (New York: Praeger. General Westmoreland does not even mention PROVN in his memoirs. p.Notes to Pages 247–255
317
allowed that from 50 to 70 percent of the Southern population would need to be persuaded of the benefits of “reunification”. On the weaknesses of the Communists in the South and the strength of Southern popular opposition to conquest by the North. “After Revolution. Basil Liddell Hart. xxviii (Spring 1998). and Robert Komer. Invasion is the proper term.War Was Different: Marine Combined Action Platoons in Viet Nam (Annapolis. 653. 50.

1996). January 4. 1985). 129. and in the U. The Modern History of Iraq (Boulder. 2003. British Counterinsurgency in the Post-Imperial Era (Manchester. CO: Westview. 4. Huntington. 5.S. From the end of World War II until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958. 2. See Phebe Marr. p. Iraq did have a quasi-parliamentary system.” in The Wall Street Journal. chapters 4 and 5. in Spain in 1936. 1995). also R. Samuel P. Free elections brought the German National Socialists to power. in 1861. Free elections have served as an effective path to peaceful change. 2004.318
Notes to Page 257
EPILOGUE: CONFLICT IN IRAQ
1. and may install a militant fundamentalist regime in Iraq.
. UK: University of Manchester. James Woolsey.


3. “King and Country. But they also precipitated the conflicts in Northern Ireland after 1969. Los Angeles Times. Thomas Mockaitis. October 29. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster.

New York: Knopf. 2000. The French Revolution: A Political History. Chicago. Wilmington. Caucasian Battlefields. Anthony. Armstrong. 1955. Alexiev.D. Communism in Latin America. DE: Scholarly Resources. New Brunswick. vol. Inside the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. N. Bernard Miall. 146 (1984–1985). CA: RAND. CA: University of California Press.” World Affairs. The Fateful Pebble: Afghanistan’s Role in the Fall of the Soviet Empire. George W. Alexander. Austin. Trans. 1988. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1963. ed. Ukrainian Nationalism. Anne. 2001. 1789–1804. Exploratio: Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War toto touch other people's food and tableware; it's beyond the grasp of most.

But there's Nime, smiling, laughing, shrugging his shoulders in answer to "What does your name mean?" and telling you in the next breath he has no intention of looking into it.

Johnny Brann, son of the founder John "Senior," shakes his head, then locks gazes with Nime, and they both break out in profound laughter.

When they finally catch their breath, Johnny says, "He makes everybody's day brighter."

Which is not what you might expect from someone who in some regards waved goodbye to his parents when he was just a sophomore at Comstock Park High School, and was largely left to fend for himself.

The Saabs were separating, and moving literally in different directions, but Nime didn't want to


leave the area. He already was spending time at the VanBennekom household, where he'd made friends with Panthers classmate Chris VanBennekom.

The year was 1981, Nime's sophomore year, and the same year Nime began working for what then was a Brann's restaurant on Alpine Avenue NE, within walking distance of the home the VanBennekoms kept in the Westgate development, just a mile off.

Thirty-two years later, he's still living there, although Chris and his three siblings – and their father – have moved on.

Now, it's just the matriarch, Carol VanBennekom, who's in her late 60s, and Nime, who's 49.

"It's always been kind of a family joke," says Carol. "Chris brought him home from school one day, and he just never left."

Turning serious, she emphasizes how much she now leans onto Colombia (the country) when I was in first grade. I was there three years."

He moved back to the U.S. and eventually settled in Comstock Park, where he enrolled at the high school there and tried his hand at football.

"What position?" I ask.

"Mostly bench."

Johnny roars, then asks Nime to recount his short-lived boxing career.

"Three fights," says Nime. "Three losses." He starts to giggle. "The third fight, I just went over and sat down in my corner. Three seconds. I'd had enough."

Johnny is falling out of his chair.

Nime's interests and pastimes are simplistic.

He collects action figures, Star Wars memorabilia and comic books.

"It's like a Toys R Us," he says of his bedroom.

He drives a '91 Ford station wagon, but rarely, and when he does, hardly ever on the highway.

He


About Susan Harvey

Susan L. Harvey is Chief Visionary Officer for PathJourney, an organization she founded to formalize her coaching, training, and speaking practice around personal mission. She currently provides training and career and personal mission coaching in a number of venues and has been a speaker for several organizations and events.

Susan has an extensive background in human resources management, working in higher education, nonprofit, and corporate settings.

Susan has a Masters degree in Teaching & Learning, and is currently pursuing her doctorate in Adult Education. She is married with three children and one grandchild. Her personal mission is to live a healed life; and to promote, inspire, and support the journey of inner healing and fulfilled purpose in others. She blogs (link below) and is currently working on aPost navigation

Another Tack: The heroes we choose

Last week ex-con Tali Fahima – found guilty in 2005 of aiding and abetting the enemy – made headlines yet again. Fahima – who by her own admission volunteered to serve as a human shield for Zakariya Zubeidi, chief of Jenin’s al-Aksa Martyrs Brigades – paid a condolence visit to the family of the jihadist who cold-bloodedly massacred eight young students at Mercaz Harav Yeshiva. She blamed Israel for his demise during the commission of indiscriminate slaughter.

At the same time Tzvia Sariel failed to inspire even minor murmurs in the mainstream media. She lingered ignored and forgotten behind bars for no apparent reason other than civil disobedience – until, in a controversial ruling last Friday, a Netanya judge allowed the manacled teenager


a distinct value judgment. Fahima was arrested in 2004, after one of her recurrent jaunts to Jenin, and held in administrative detention for four-and-a-half months. Her frequent hobnobbing with terrorists, most notably Zubeidi, to whom she took a special shine – he even let her pose with his gun and fire it – raised suspicion that the then-28-year-old was his active collaborator.

An eventual plea bargain led to her conviction on the “lesser” charges of translating and elucidating a classified military document for Zubeidi, proscribed contact with a foreign agent and violation of legal prohibitions against travel to Palestinian-controlled areas. She served two-thirds of her three-year sentence. During that time, the Palestinian Authority regularly deposited funds into her bank account, as the PA does for all its own apprehendedterrorists.

The above notwithstanding, Tali became the darling of radical trendsetters and self-professed human-rights proponents. A maelstrom of protest ensued against her incarceration. In 2006 a sympathy-oozing (and repeatedly rerun) TV documentary was produced about her. Declining to sign a “Liberate Fahima” petition could have meant social and professional ostracism for professors in certain Israeli university faculties. Posters (appropriately in red) flatteringly featuring Tali’s defiant likeness were ubiquitous in central Tel Aviv.

POET AHARON Shabtai dedicated two poems to her and poet Meir Wieseltier celebrated her January 2007 release with another poem. She was compassionately interviewed everywhere. Later that year crooner Danii Amir recorded a song extolling her. Tali was chosen to star last Independence Day in Yesh Gvul’s “alternative” torch-lighting ceremony, where she dedicated her flame “to Palestinian POWs


comparable to the argument defendant makes in the case sub judice, that the sole purpose of joinder was to determine the respective degrees of negligence. In his concurring opinion, Judge Spaeth supported the conclusion that the majority opinion *947 bars any joinder of the employer by the following discussion:
Since Hefferin, however, the employer may not be joined as an additional defendant. The result is that one of two equally negligence tortfeasors  the third party  bears the entire burden of the judgment. Since the employer is notcannot bea party to the suit, the third party cannot get contribution from the employer commensurate with the employer's fault. The employee, on the other hand, may have the opportunity to recover twice: once by the full judgment against the thirdthought it was a large dog, but then realized it was something else:

It was a black bear. As you can see, it was holding up bike traffic in both directions. I moved forward slowly, and the bear started to move away (that far cyclist backed off to give it room). After a bit of this, the bear turned off and headed into the woods, and I was able to continue toward home.

When I had just gotten back into the Holyoke city limit, I was climbing a hill, and found a snake lying on the side of the road. It did not move at all as I took pictures of it, so I suspect it was dead, though there was no obvious trauma to it (and it was far


enough to the side of the road that I’m not sure a car would have run over it).

I got home without incident, completing what was then my longest riding day of the year (88 miles, just a bit longer than the day I rode up to NH).

The first weekend in June this year, I went on my first 50-mile ride of the year. Much of the route was roads I’d ridden on before. I rode from Holyoke east into Chicopee, then south through Ludlow and a bit of Springfield into Wilbraham. I then went southwest to East Longmeadow, rode the Redstone Trail again, and then made my way due west into the town of Longmeadow.

I had not biked through Longmeadow this way before, but my objective was tothe abbey:

After walking around there, I took the underground a few stops west, and then walked to the Museum of Science.

On the way there, I spotted this sign:

which I thought was an odd name for a hotel.

I spent most of the afternoon at the Science Museum, as there was plenty to see. It included several early steam engines. This is an early locomotive:

This began a long hall that followed the development of technology over the past 2 centuries. Also in the beginning of that hall was a piece of Charles Babbage’s difference engine:

(more Babbage stuff later)

A lighthouse lens:

Planes and cars:

There were a few computer exhibits near the end, including an Apple I:

The NeXT machine that was used as the first world wide web server:

and a Cray supercomputer:

On an


upper floor was a hall of math and computing, and it included a larger difference engine model:

As well as a model of the analytic engine:

with punch cards for programming it:

In another display case was a portrait of Babbage, some of his notes…and his brain:

When I had finished at the museum, I got dinner at a nearby Mediterranean place (lamb with couscous, and an orange-almond cake for dessert), and then rode the subway back to Westminster. I walked north to look around St. James Park, since it was still light out. This park has a small lake in it, and has many, many waterfowl, some of which were imported to it by the royal family.

Here are a number of the denizens:

There were black swans:

and gray swans:

And coots, which haveRiver (the waterway also known in that city as the Isis).

I walked down to the tour place a bit early and bought my ticket, and then walked around until the departure time. Here’s the river, seen from Folly Bridge, right near the tour boat launch:

I walked down near the river and saw a bunch of geese feasting on bread someone had thrown there:

I walked south from there, away from the river, and in front of a house I saw some birds I did not recognize. I found out later that these are magpies:

I noticed a path that went off the road alongside some athletic fields, and saw that the sign indicated that it was a public path that went through to the river. So I walked through there


Bridge:

We passed the boathouses I had seen from the shore, and a few more. These are the oldest ones, apparently:

We turned around at Iffley Lock and then headed upriver for the major portion of the tour.

This included going through a lock, where the boat pilot got out and operated the controls to close the doors and fill the lock.

Here we are heading into the lock:

As the water filled it, there was a duck floating there with us:

And here is the lock open for us to continue upriver:

At one point, a person on the shore was taking our picture. I tried to get a photo of him while he was doing so, but I wasn’t quick enough:

Some other views on the sides of the river:

The north end of thesure to go by:

It is Hallgrímskirkja, the largest church in Iceland, and of unusual architecture:

I did not go inside, but I did encounter another friendly cat outside the church before I moved on:

I got back to the apartment and packed up my stuff, then took a city bus to the bus station. There I had some lunch (more lamb) and waited for the bus to the airport.

It had been dry that morning, and for a couple of days before, but it started raining by the time I got to the airport, just as it had been raining when I arrived in the country.

Getting my bags checked required waiting a while in line, because the luggage conveyer belt at the check-in counter had broken down. Eventually some carts were


brought to move the luggage through, and I was able to head for the gate.

On the flight to London, I watched an Icelandic documentary called Electric Reykjavik, about the electronic music scene there.

The plane flew southward over the British Isles, and I was able to glimpse some thin white things in Scotland or Northern England. I took as best a picture as I could with my phone:

They’re right in the center of the image. I was able to figure out pretty quickly what they were, because I could see blades turning. Apparently, windmills are visible from tens of thousands of feet in the air.

I arrived fine in Heathrow airport, and took a bus from there to Reading train station. From there it was a short train ride toturned off on a side road that goes west along the north side of the lake. There I was able to get close to the lake, as at this parking area:

The lake, complete with a fisherman off to the left:

I walked along the water a bit, and observed some interesting seaweed, which was very brightly colored:

It was also very stringy:

The plant life on the ground was mostly low-growing stuff, and not all of it green:

Continuing along toward the center of the park, I soon came to the odder parts of the landscape. Namely, various geologic fissures:

Iceland, and the national park in particular, sits on the divide between the North American and European tectonic plates, which are moving apart very slightly each year. It’s this action that causes much


of the ground breakage there.

Around these fissures, I also saw my first view of this long rock wall:

That wall borders the parliament plain (the Althing Vellir) itself. This is where the world’s first parliament met, established in the 10th century by the Viking settlers of Iceland.

When I got to the plain, I locked up the bike in a picnic area, and headed up some steps toward the rock wall. Here are some views of the plain from most of the way up:

There was a path in front of the rock wall, which went slightly downhill to the north:

And uphill to the south:

I followed the line of people uphill, and came to the top of the wall, with a viewing platform, and a good view of the lake andplain:

I could also see Óli Stef from up there:

At the top, there was also a parking area and visitors’ center. I went in and watched a few videos on the history and geology of the place. Apparently, the land in the plain is slowly sinking, which is why water flows over so much of the places that people once camped for the annual assembly.

Here is the view back down the path along the wall, just before I headed down that way:

More of the wall:

Here, marked by the flagpole, is the Law Rock, where the Law Speaker would recite the country’s laws:

Looking down at the plain from here:

Further along the wall, I came to water flowing down from above:

Looking down from a bridge over the stream:

And here the water


running across the ground, for some reason:

I came to a waterway which had more of the neon seaweed, as well as a much stranger growth of stuff on and in the water:

The other trail I hiked took me through a stand of evergreen trees:

And then up a hill which has a neat gully cutting across it:

There was another pleasant view from up there (looking west):

Once I hiked back down from there, I rode out of the park, back toward Laugarvatn. At the park exit, I stopped and took this picture to the north:

I had a rain-free day this time, but still wanted a shower when I got back to the hostel.

I met this individual in the hostel parking lot when I arrived back:

It was very friendly, and mustand Óli Stef with a fresh new tube in place:

There was a little pond right near the gazebo:

There were also some fairly hidden ducks there (at least, it took me a while to spot them):

The park seemed to be in honor of someone or something, according to this sign:

and it included this interesting sculpture that uses a big piece of lava rock:

I got back on the path and rode on to the intersection of 1 with Route 36. The bike path headed off to the east, running along 36, which happened to be the way I wanted to go which was good. It was also raining heavily at that point, which was not so good. I had a rain poncho, but it only does so much good –


I knew it, I had reached the border of Thingvellir National Park. There will be more on the park itself in a later post, as I was only riding through the park that day, and would be coming back to visit more thoroughly later in the week.

When I got to the park border, I found this field of rock cairns:

Beyond the field is the park’s lake, Thingfallavatn:

The road went a bit north at this point, then turned east again (so as to go around the lake). In the middle of the park I stopped at the snack bar/gift shop and got something to eat. It was a lamb and bean salad sandwich. That is to say, the sandwich had a slice of lamb lunchmeat, and the bean saladwas basically mashed white bean of some kind, with bits of green bean in it. It wasn’t bad, and I was certainly hungry, even though I’d eaten some snack food that I brought along.

Some more rain started falling while I was at the snack bar, but the sun was out toward the west, so there was a rainbow in the eastern sky:

I headed on through new rain, as the road headed south a ways. The rain stopped again shortly before the road exited the park, and I had dry riding the rest of the way to my destination. Here are some more views from around the eastern park border, including looking back at the lake:

I soon turned east again, getting onto Route 365. This took me another several


June 25, 2015 (Burbank, Calif.) – Cycle 22 of AMERICA’S NEXT TOP MODEL, hosted by Tyra Banks, will premiere Wednesday, August 5, featuring seven men and seven women, from regions all across the country, living together under one roof and battling it out to earn the prestigious title of 302 more words

June 24, 2015 (Burbank, CA) – The CW Network will launch its 2015-16 season in October, featuring the sophomore debuts of the network’s highest-rated series THE FLASH and the award-winning and critically acclaimed comedy JANE THE VIRGIN, as well as the series premiere of its freshman comedy CRAZY EX-GIRLFRIEND. 209 more words

April 13, 2015 (Burbank, CA) – Continuing to bolster its schedule with more year-round original programming, The CW Network has set its summer premiere dates, includingthe series debuts of… 1,047 more words

January 11, 2015 (Pasadena, CA) – The CW Network has picked up eight of its current series for the 2015-2016 season, it was announced today by Mark Pedowitz, President, The CW, during the network’s session at the Television Critics Association Press Tour in Pasadena. 132 more words

January 11, 2015 (Pasadena, CA) – The CW announced its midseason schedule today at the winter gathering of the Television Critics Association in Pasadena, CA, including the series premieres of new dramas… 569 more words

CW star Gina Rodriguez has snatched up a Golden Globe nomination! The “Jane The Virgin” actress has been nominated for best performance by an actress in a television series, a category filled with exceptional actresses. 97 more words


The Frenchman is the fifth-most picked player on Dream Team so far this summer, with over 27% of fantasy football managers opting for the new boy.

So we were all eager to see how he’d get on in the Community Shield – and while failing to score – he did show glimpses of what he’s capable of.

The former Lyon man hit 37 goals in 45 games last season and there were signs of his fabled penalty box prowess at Wembley.

He went only inches away from scoring in the first-half, curling a lovely effort off the post to cap a decent free-flowing counter attack from the Gunners.

Linking up well with Danny Welbeck and Alex Iwobi in the Arsenal attack, you feel that with the likes of Alexis Sanchez and MesutDr. Michelle Levy, MD, FRCPC (Dermatology)

Dermatologist Dr. Michelle Levy graduated with honours from the University of Toronto's Faculty of Medicine in 1999. She completed her residency in dermatology, also at the University of Toronto, in 2004, and was selected to serve as Chief Resident in her final year of training. While training she was the recipient of numerous awards and accolades for academic excellence and for research.

Dr. Levy is board-certified by both the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and by the American Board of Dermatology. She is a member of the American Academy of Dermatology, the Canadian Dermatology Association and the Toronto Dermatologic Society. She regularly lectures on her specialty and frequently teaches dermatology to physicians-in-training.

Dr. Levy has vast experience in the practice of both


pension plan.

The Conservatives make no secret of the fact that they are out to sabotage the project.

Setting up a provincial pension plan without federal co-operation would be fraught with bureaucratic difficulties and doable only at an even greater cost to the public purse.

Provinces such as Quebec and Saskatchewan that have introduced provincial variations of the Canada Pension Plan did so with full federal co-operation.

In Wynne’s place, any premier would likely have taken the bait.

The pension plan was part of the platform she was re-elected on a year ago. The Ontario Tories campaigned against it and finished with only 31 per cent of the vote on election night. That is less than the level of Ontario support Harper will need in October if he is to emerge with anotherfederal election but she is playing for higher stakes with a potentially weaker hand.

In 2008, Danny Williams, then premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, turned a feud over the equalization formula into an anything-but-the-Conservatives campaign that saw Harper shut out of the province.

In that same election, Quebec premier Jean Charest gave more momentum to a Quebec backlash against the Conservatives over a round of culture cuts by suggesting that Ottawa hand the province exclusive responsibility for cultural policy.

Williams and Charest were championing issues that enjoy an iconic status in their respective provinces.

It remains to seen whether the provincial pension plan or the notion — as promoted by Wynne — that Ontario is not getting a fair shake from Harper will have as much resonance.

In the end, Charest and Williams


three rabbis to rule on the matter. The rabbis on the panel are Rabbi Shmuel Halperin, rabbinical judge Mendel Lubin and rabbinical judge Yisrael Marmarosh.Work has stopped for the time being at the construction site.Over the past two days, accusations have been made from several quarters that the two-year opposition to construction and the current protests by the hardliners from Atra Kadisha are being carried out as a form of extortion, in order to receive money in return for inspection, oversight and approval of the project.Atra Kadisha strongly denies this claim, saying that it is acting in accordance with Jewish law and the ruling of the head of the Eda Haredit, Rabbi Yitzhak Tuvia Weiss.Property owner Arye Goloventzitz also visited Kanievsky Monday night, to protest both the violencepro se to recover for services rendered in furtherance of the partnership. The date citation was served on Osuji is not shown in the record.  The case was set for trial on several occasions before Osuji filed his answer.

Osuji filed his original answer on February 6, 2001.  This answer asserted counterclaims for breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, an accounting, and reimbursement.  Contemporaneously, he filed a motion for continuance.  The case was set for trial on February 14, 2001, then March 21, 2001.  It was referred to mediation by an order dated February 16.  Osuji filed another motion for continuance and trial was reset to March 28, 2001.

The case was called for trial on March 28, 2001, and although Guerrero appeared and announced ready, Osuji did


Last updated on .From the section Rugby Union

Israel Folau is one of the Australia team's star players

Australia full-back Israel Folau will not be punished by Rugby Australia (RA) for anti-gay comments on social media.

Earlier this month, Folau, 29, suggested gay people would end up in hell and the governing body said it did not support his view.

In a Players Voice column external-link titled "I'm a sinner too" on Monday, he offered to "walk away" from his contract "if the situation had become untenable" for RA.

He also tried to explain his remarks and RA says it accepted his "position".

Chief executive Raelene Castle said: "Israel clearly articulated his religious beliefs and why his faith is important to him, and has provided context behind his social media comment.

"In his own words,Israel said that he did not intend to upset people intentionally or bring hurt to the game. We accept Israel's position.

"Rugby Australia will use this experience as an opportunity to remind all employees of their obligation to use social media in a respectful way."

Last year, Folau prompted disagreement within the Australia team after he posted on Twitter about his opposition to same-sex marriage in the build-up to the country's vote on the issue.

His latest comment was a response to an Instagram user who asked: "What was god's plan for gay people?"

Folau replied: "Hell... unless they repent of their sins and turn to God."

The comment was later deleted, but screenshots of the exchange drew condemnation online.

Folau's contract with RA expires at the end of the season and he denied


he was trying to get "a release" from that to pursue a deal in the NRL, where he used to play for Brisbane Broncos and Melbourne Storm.

"That simply isn't true," he wrote in his Players Voice column. "There have been rugby offers from the UK, Europe and Japan that are way above anything I could earn in Australia.

"This is not about money or bargaining power or contracts. It's about what I believe in and never compromising that, because my faith is far more important to me than my career and always will be."of your entire career.

In “Bullshit Jobs” (Simon & Schuster), David Graeber, an anthropologist now at the London School of Economics, seeks a diagnosis and epidemiology for what he calls the “useless jobs that no one wants to talk about.” He thinks these jobs are everywhere. By all the evidence, they are. His book, which has the virtue of being both clever and charismatic, follows a much circulated essay that he wrote, in 2013, to call out such occupations. Some, he thought, were structurally extraneous: if all lobbyists or corporate lawyers on the planet disappeared en masse, not even their clients would miss them. Others were pointless in opaque ways. Soon after the essay appeared, in a small journal, readers translated it into a dozen languages, and hundreds of


AS t0_r7, "songs"."created_at" AS t0_r8, "songs"."updated_at" AS t0_r9, "songs"."position" AS t0_r10, "songs"."services" AS t0_r11, "songs"."moved_id" AS t0_r12, "songs"."details_updated_at" AS t0_r13, "songs"."genres_updated_at" AS t0_r14, "urls"."id" AS t1_r0, "urls"."url" AS t1_r1, "urls"."service_id" AS t1_r2, "urls"."media_id" AS t1_r3, "urls"."media_type" AS t1_r4, "urls"."extra" AS t1_r5 FROM "songs" INNER JOIN "artists" ON "artists"."id" = "songs"."artist_id" LEFT OUTER JOIN "url_bridges" ON "url_bridges"."media_bridge_id" = "songs"."id" AND "url_bridges"."media_bridge_type" = 'Song' LEFT OUTER JOIN "urls" ON "urls"."id" = "url_bridges"."url_id" WHERE (artists.active = 't') AND "songs"."id" IN (944) GROUP BY songs.id
PG::GroupingError: ERROR:  column "urls.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
LINE 1: ...AS t0_r13, "songs"."genres_updated_at" AS t0_r14, "urls"."id...
                      investigation, Deputy Barnes remained inside the store with Lindsey while Deputy Bachelor took Turvin and Johnson outside and ran warrant checks on the two men.
Eventually, a Secret Service agent came to the scene and verified the authenticity of the currency. In the interim, however, Detective Clay Carroll, a member of the Southwest Georgia Drug Task Force, heard the request for a warrant check on Turvin over his police radio. Carroll had previously arrested Turvin on methamphetamine charges, and he was aware that people sometimes went to stores such as Dollar General to purchase items used in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Given these facts, Carroll suspected drug-related activity and proceeded to the Dollar General Store.
Upon arriving at the scene, Carroll saw Turvin and Johnson sitting on a curb in


Like the Grinch in Dr. Seuss's story, who, after being caught by Little Cindy-Lou Who trying to steal the family Christmas tree, sends the tot back to bed with a warm glass of milk and a gentle but firm push on the behind, the same Democratic elites who worked tirelessly for months to destroy Bernie Sanders and his campaign are now fondly patting him on his head, thanking him in dulcet tones for his "important" contribution, and rushing him to the wings, hoping to return him as soon as possible to the relative slumber of the US Senate.

Before Sanders goes off into that good night, though, they'd first like him to sign his millions of passionate supporters over to Hillary Clinton, like a blank check made out to"CASH."

Sorry, I don't think so. Neither I nor most of the Bernie supporters I know here in the Boston area, and I know quite a few, have any intention of returning to the Democratic fold. The Party has already lost its progressive base. It just doesn't know it yet.

If you want to know why millions of Bernie Sanders supporters are almost certainly going to defect to a third party in the coming years, to a party with principles worth having, a good place to start is Mark Schmitt's op-ed in the New York Times last week. Schmitt is director of the political reform program at the New America think tank, one of the poisonous weeds growing from the manure pile of the Democratic Party establishment. The beltway is


full of such weeds, and though few Americans are aware of their existence, they play a key role in choking out alternative visions of society.

In an op-ed entitled, "Is the Sanders Agenda Out of Date?", Schmitt observed that Sanders is too old to run again, and that he never had influence with his colleagues, anyway. As for Sanders' proposals, Schmitt opined, they're like Windows 95 -- old, discredited junk that wouldn't work even if Sanders had won. The "biggest reason that Mr. Sanders won't shape the next progressive agenda," Schmitt wrote, is that his "proposals were consistently out of step with the ideas that have been emerging from progressive think tanks like Demos or the Center for American Progress, or championed by his own congressional colleagues."

Now we knowthe real reason why the American people can't have affordable health care, free higher education, prison reform, a livable minimum wage, a reigning in of Wall Street, or decisive action on climate change or on anything else: because the existing Democratic leadership, and the think tanks like New America who do their thinking for them, say they can't.

And just who funds Schmitt and New America? Among others, Northrop Grumman, the defense contractor, Google, Microsoft, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the US Department of State, Fedex, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and millionaire stalwarts of the Democratic Party like Eric and Wendy Schmidt and Zachary Karabell, Head of Global Strategy at Envestnet (a financial firm). That's who.

So goes our "trickle down" democracy, in which Schmitt and other self-appointed Imagineers


swallowed by the earth. As the playwright Arthur Miller once quipped, "There is nothing further away from Washington than the entire world." He was right, there isn't.

The vast distance between members of the elite class and everybody else has also kept the former from noticing that liberalism as an ideology is no longer tenable. The fascist elements in our society, clinging like ugly burs to Donald Trump's candidacy, aren't going to go away. On the contrary, even if Hillary wins in the fall, the conditions that gave rise to Trumpism in the first place -- massive economic and social inequality, a government unresponsive to its citizens' needs, foreign war and militarism, a market culture that secretly thrives on misogyny and racial division, a mode of economic development directlyappears to have misjudged his constituency.

The young people who've been inspired by Sanders' campaign will be leaving it with a bitter taste in their mouths. Apart from their feelings of hope and excitement listening to Sanders' fiery speeches, what they will remember most about this election season is how the Democratic establishment set out to destroy Sanders. They will remember the early media blackout around Sanders' candidacy, and the shocking--and still unexplained--voting irregularities that marred primaries across the nation. They will remember too the unending stream of vicious attacks on Sanders by liberal columnists at the New York Times and Washington Post, and how the latter became de facto house organs of the Democratic Party.

Schmitt thinks that Sanders supporters will now flock to the Democratic Party, recognizing it


are no expectations on one at that time--it is truly your own time. Over two glasses of cranberry juice I read a book I bought at Chapters on the weekend: Caesar: The Life of a Colossus by Adrian Goldsworthy. So far: excellent. I'm highlighting most of every page. Although the book is big, Goldsworthy wastes no time--every word tells. He's a very good writer of history.

Last night I took half a Sleep Aid, and slept very well. Indeed, I was greedy for more when the alarm went off at 5:30, but had to get up.

Now: on with the day. It is so dark out there it could almost be night, with the shrubs gleaming dully in the light of a full moon.

Monday, August 25, 2008

turtle-speak

When I was ateenager I was enthusiastic about chess. I'd always been fascinated by the game, and felt frustrated at age 6 or 7 when my father refused to teach it to me.

"You should learn checkers first," he said.

I was initiated into the game at age 8, I think, by my classmate Bill. I'm not sure whether he knew the game properly himself, but he got me started.

In 1972, when I was 13, the world was on fire over the apocalyptic (so the press would have had us think) world-championship match between Boris Spassky and Bobby Fischer in Reykjavik. Incredible though it may seem, each game in the 24-game series was front-page news worldwide. Now my father taught me how to read chess notation, and we would examine the games together--some


inanity. The phrase has a rhythm that invites chanting. I'd better resist that--if I can.

Friday, August 22, 2008

welcome, stranger

In the 1970s or perhaps the early 1980s there was a British documentary TV series called The Infinite Search, in which the presenter (forget who he was) visited practitioners and authorities of the various major religions of the world. In one of the episodes he visited a Zen monastery in Japan and interviewed the abbot, who could speak English.

At some point the presenter asked the Zen master what spiritual advice he could give to the Western viewers of the show. The Zen master answered, "I think it is important to know thyself."

In the words of my friend Brad, who first described this interview to me, it was a masterful reply.help her. But Kimmie, born in the year of the horse, is accustomed to carrying loads and thinks nothing of it. (I'm year of the dog--a harmonious companion of the horse, according to the Chinese texts.)

When we bought this townhouse in 1987, we also bought a pine table and chairs to serve as our dining suite, then situated immediately by the living-room, indeed as part of the same space. The white table was moved to the kitchen to function as the everyday table at which we ate. In late 1989, when Warren and I were trying to come up with TV shows after our success with "What's Wrong with Neil?", we bought a PC together--an early number with a text-only, black-and-white screen--and set it up here in my


previous viewings. After the movie we watched a couple of the accompanying "special features", one of which was a gathering of the four main guys on the creative team, 10 years after the movie's release (which was in 1995). I felt a real kinship with these guys, and their experiences echoed some of my own from my television days.

Unlike live-action films, animated movies are not simply written; the original words are sketched out as pictures before the "story" is regarded as created. Preliminary animations are done of characters and scenes, to try things out. The animators in this case, working for Pixar, were making the movie for Disney. As they developed their script and characters, Disney executives would review the work and give them "notes" (industry term forfeedback). The animators, most of whom were working on their first feature film, diligently tried to follow the advice they received. When the time came to screen a preliminary version of the show for the executives, the film fell flat. It was unfunny and uninvolving.

The executives realized that a drastic cure was needed: the filmmakers would have to go over to Disney, where they could be supervised more closely by the executives. The director, John Lasseter, realizing that this would be the death of their project, begged for two weeks in which he and his team could turn the show around on their own. The execs, realizing that this was impossible, indulged him.

The team worked frantically for two weeks. They were going to roll the dice, and this


$129.00

No Label 1524[1524]

Description:

This is a 1960's vintage pullover shirt made from recycled yellow corn meal sacks. The only thing Hawaiian about this one is that sack shirts were also common in Hawaii. This one is from South America, probably Brazil, from President Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" program. This shirt bears the Alliance for Progress logo and the words "Donated by the people of the United States of America - Not to be sold or exchanged". The shirt was made from at least two 50lb sacks that used to both contain Yellow corn meal - enriched, degermed - fortified with Calcium and Vitamin A". It has two low cabana style pockets, no collar and three plastic buttons. Size not marked but measures LARGE, in inches - Shoulders 19, Chest23, Length 29 and Sleeves 10. Excellent shape for what it has been through - remember that this was made from sacks that traveled around the world on trucks, rail and ships. It has some stains that are probably from its life as a working sack and a couple of tiny holes - which only add character.


Economic governance and Article 9 of the Treaty of Lisbon (debate)
President
The next item is the debate on
the oral question by Stephen Hughes, Pervenche Berès and Udo Bullmann, on behalf of the S&D Group, to the Council: Economic governance and Article 9 of the Treaty of Lisbon - B7-0660/2010), and
the oral question by Stephen Hughes, Pervenche Berès and Udo Bullmann, on behalf of the S&D Group, to the Commission: Economic governance and Article 9 of the Treaty of Lisbon - B7-0661/2010)
Pervenche Berès
author. - (FR) Madam President, President-in-Office of the Council, Commissioner, both your institutions have worked very hard in the field of economic governance and, today, the European Parliament is debating the six Commission proposals on economic governance.
Today, we are under the regime of the Treaty of Lisbon,by the Council on 6 December on the social dimension in the context of an integrated Europe 2020 Strategy. These conclusions call on the European Commission to strengthen and encourage the use of the existing system for the evaluation of the social impact. It calls on the Council to produce a report on the way in which Article 9 is implemented in work and in European policies through the open coordination method. It also calls on the Commission to seek out means of implementing social mainstreaming and thus, also, Article 9 in the context of its flagship initiative of a European platform against poverty, which should be published in the next few days.
With regard, more specifically, to the new macroeconomic monitoring and coordination mechanism, the Council does not


work in two phases. In the first phase, the work of the Council consisted in developing a European Employment Strategy, as provided for by the Treaty and the new economic governance framework. In the conclusions adopted on 21 October, the Council defined the place of the European Employment Strategy in economic governance.
In the second phase, at the 6 December European Council, the Council adopted a new instrument for the multilateral monitoring of employment and social policies, the Joint Assessment Framework, which will make for better monitoring of the employment and social integration policies of the Member States and, therefore, ensure that better account is taken of these dimensions at European level.
These new instruments will have to be mobilised in the preventive phase of macroeconomic monitoring so that adequateattention is paid to the situation of the labour markets and to social problems which could jeopardise Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). They will, of course, also be central instruments for the thematic monitoring of the Europe 2020 Strategy.
The Council also recalled that it intended to contribute both to thematic monitoring, based on the five key objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy, and to macroeconomic monitoring, since both these frameworks are closely linked. And, in response to the request of the Belgian Presidency, the Social Protection Committee delivered an opinion on the social dimension of the Europe 2020 Strategy, in which it stresses the need for synergy among the priorities of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the indivisible whole formed by the objectives set by the European Council.
I


of human dignity. We need to give our young people dignity.
Andreas Mölzer
(DE) Madam President, there have been recent reports in the media about the directors of the failing German bank HRE being entitled to huge pensions after only working there for two years and on the basis of contracts which were drawn up after the bank had already received massive amounts of state aid. This confirms the belief of the citizens of the European Union that money is simply being thrown at the banks, while strict austerity programmes are being imposed on ordinary people.
Article 9 of the Treaty of Lisbon refers to 'a high level of employment, the guarantee of adequate social protection'. For those people in Europe who have been hard hit by the financial and economichealth. These obligations are and will be duly respected in all of the Council's work.
Given the universality of this obligation, it is also required in the field of economic governance. It applies to the results contained in the report by the task force chaired by President Van Rompuy, which the October European Council fully endorsed. It also applies to the six legislative proposals that came out of the work of the task force, which were tabled by the Commission on 29 September.
Nevertheless, compliance with the obligations in Article 9 does not require a formal social impact assessment procedure. Our obligation, which applies to both the Council and Parliament, especially since it is up to our institutions to lay down the policies and work of the Union by adopting


repercussions in practice and the workers are paying for them, not only in certain countries in the South, but in the entire EU also. The European Parliament must stand up against this policy which, apart from including harsh austerity measures and cuts to workers' rights, is undermining its role and the role of the national parliaments. In other words, it is undermining the role of the elected representatives of EU institutions, which should, however, demonstrate greater awareness in their demands of the citizens' fight.

116 U.S. 499 (1886)
OBERTEUFFER & Another
v.
ROBERTSON.
Supreme Court of United States.
Argued January 6, 7, 1886.
Decided January 25, 1886.
ERROR TO THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.
Mr. Edwin B. Smith for plaintiffs in error. Mr. Charles Currie, Mr. Stephen G. Clarke and Mr. William Stanley were with him on the brief.
*500 Mr. Solicitor-General for defendant in error.
MR. JUSTICE BLATCHFORD delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an action brought in a State Court in New York, by Reece M. Oberteuffer, Henry Abegg and Henry H. Daeniker, composing the mercantile firm of Oberteuffer, Abegg & Daeniker, against William H. Robertson, Collector of the port of New York, to recover $140.80 as an excess of duties, paid on coverings and putting up charges on hosiery


be added "to make market value in marketable condition." This was done, and the duty paid on the added amount was $5.20.
The importers filed a protest with the collector in due time, and duly appealed to the Secretary of the Treasury, and brought suit in due time. The protest covered the entry in *502 this case and was as follows: "We protest against the liquidation, as made by you, of our entries of merchandise, below referred to, and against the payment of the duties exacted thereon, and exacted on the charges of whatever nature thereon, on the following grounds, and upon each and every one of them:
"First. That under the act of March 3, 1883, the cost or market value of said merchandise is alone dutiable, whereas, inwhich contained the goods, and were themselves packed in the outside case, and the item for "packing" was for packing the goods in the cartons and lining the outside case and packing the cartons in it. The cartons contained some of them a dozen, and some a half dozen, pairs, of the articles. The outside case had a lining of heavy paper *504 or oilcloth, to protect the goods from sea water. Some of the cartons had a partition running through the middle, with half a dozen pairs of the articles on each side of the partition; some had a dozen pairs in each carton; and some had half a dozen pairs in each carton. The prices affixed to the gloves and hosiery bought, in the invoices of


the trade, in transporting the goods, and preserving them, and handling them, and counting them; and the cartons go with the goods in them, until they become empty through the sale of their contents in the United States, to consumers who buy at retail, for use. The cartons have labels on, showing the article, and the style, and the size, and the quantity.
The contention of the plaintiffs is, that by virtue of § 7 of the act of March 3, 1883, 22 Stat. 523, referred to in the protest, it was unlawful to exact duty on the value of the cartons and the packing; that, in respect to the invoice of the one case, the addition made was for cartons already included in the entered value; and thatspecified quantity or parcel of such goods, wares or merchandise, it shall be the duty of the collector within whose district the same shall be imported or entered, to cause the actual market value, or wholesale price thereof, at the period of the exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country from which the same shall have been imported into the United States, to be appraised, and such appraised value shall be considered the value upon which duty shall be assessed." The same section then provided for an addition, on entry, by the importer, to the invoice value, to make such actual market value or wholesale price, and for a duty of twenty per cent. ad valorem on the appraised value, in addition to


of goods imported into the United States from foreign countries, except as hereinbefore provided, upon which duties imposed by any existing laws are to be assessed, the actual value of such goods on shipboard at the last place of shipment to the United States shall be deemed the dutiable value. And such value shall be ascertained by adding to the value of such goods at the place of growth, production or manufacture, the cost of transportation, shipment, and transhipment, with all the expenses included, from the place of growth, production, or manufacture, whether by land or water, to the vessel in which such shipment is made to the United States, the value of the sack, box, or covering of any kind, in which such goods are *506 contained,commission at the usual rate, in no case less than two and one-half per centum, brokerage, and all export duties, together with all costs and charges, paid or incurred for placing said goods on shipboard, and all other proper charges specified by law."
The effect of the legislation thus embodied in § 7 of the act of 1865, as applicable to goods subject to ad valorem duty, was to fix as their dutiable value, their actual market value or wholesale price at the period of their exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country from which they were imported into the United States, instead of their actual value on shipboard at their last place of shipment to the United States. The provision in the act


the rule for appraisement was re-enacted as § 2906, in these words: "When an ad valorem rate of duty is imposed on any imported merchandise, or when the duty imposed shall be regulated by, or be directed to be estimated or based upon, the value of the square yard, or of any specific quantity or parcel of such merchandise, the collector within whose district the same shall be imported or entered shall cause the actual market value, or wholesale price thereof, at the period of the exportation to the United States, in the principal markets of the country from which the same has been imported, to be appraised, and such appraised value shall be considered the value upon which duty shall be assessed."
After the act of 1865, followedthe act of July 28, 1866, § 9 of which, 14 Stat. 330, provided as follows: "That in determining *507 the dutiable value of merchandise hereafter imported, there shall be added to the cost, or to the actual wholesale price or general market value at the time of exportation in the principal markets of the country from whence the same shall have been imported into the United States, the cost of transportation, shipment, and transhipment, with all the expenses included, from the place of production, growth, or manufacture, whether by land or water, to the vessel in which shipment is made to the United States; the value of the sack, box, or covering of any kind in which such goods are contained; commission at the usual rates, but


exceed by ten per centum the value so declared in the entry, in addition to the duties imposed by law, there shall be levied, collected, and paid a duty of twenty per centum on such value."
These provisions of § 9 of the act of 1866 were re-enacted as §§ 2907 and 2908 of the Revised Statutes in these words: "Sec. 2907. In determining the dutiable value of merchandise, there shall be added to the cost, or to the actual wholesale price or general market value at the time of exportation in the principal markets of the country from whence the same has been imported into the United States, the cost of transportation, shipment, and transhipment, with all the expenses included, from the place of growth, production, or manufacture,in § 2907 of the Revised Statutes, and in § 14 of the act of 1874, being charges, and being eliminated as part of the dutiable value of goods, and § 2906 remaining for the appraisement of the goods per se, without the addition of any of the charges so abolished, it would seem that the meaning of § 7 of the act of 1883 was plain.
But that section goes on to say: "and hereafter none of the charges imposed by said sections or any other provisions of existing law shall be estimated in ascertaining the value of goods to be imported." Nothing is imposed by § 2907 of the Revised Statutes but the addition to the appraised market value, provided *511 for by § 2906, of the


present case, any suggestion that the cartons were of a form or material designed to evade duties thereon. They were of the usual kind known to the trade before the law was passed, as customarily used for the same purpose. They were designed to be used in the bona fide transportation of the goods to the United States, not only because they were and had been a customary article in the trade for covering and transporting these goods, but because they were intended to accompany the goods and remain with them in the hands of the retail dealer, until the goods should be sold to the consumer.
The change made by § 8 of the act of 1883 in the oaths required on entry, is in consonance with theabove interpretation of the effect of § 7. Section 8 amends § 2841 of the Revised Statutes, as to the forms of the three several oaths, in the following manner, the particular parts referred to of the old forms and the new ones being placed side by side, and the parts in each which differ from the other being in italic:

                     Oath of consignee, importer, or agent.
            Old oath.


 New oath.
       "the invoice which I now produce        | "the invoice which I now produce
  contains a just and faithful            | contains a just and faithful
  valuation of the same, at               | valuation of the same, at
  their fair market value, including      | their fair market value, at the
  charges of purchasing, carriages,       | time," &c.
  bleaching, dyeing, dressing,            |
  finishing,Fergie has lost a succession of bets with his brilliant young star, including last term's 'Scotsman's bet' when he kept raising the barrier for Ronaldo, who eventually finished on 23.

Yesterday's double against Blackburn took the 22-year-old into double figures for the season and provided he stays fit, there is no reason to believe Ronaldo will not eclipse last year's tally.

However, Ferguson has no desire to lose any more cash and will not be asking the Portugal winger for the opportunity to win his money back.

"I will not be attempting to bet anything with Cristiano this season unless it is 50 goals," he laughed. "Somehow I don't think he would accept that."

A more productive gamble might be on Ronaldo getting a much-prized United hat-trick.

While he has now scored twice


on 10 occasions, the former Sporting Lisbon player is yet to hit a three-timer and could not manage it against Blackburn yesterday despite the light-hearted promptings of Rio Ferdinand.

"In the second half I told Cristiano, he either had to score a hat-trick or get an assist to make it a really good game," Ferdinand said.

"He has been fantastic in the last few games and is determined to become a top player for many years.

"He works hard in training and you see the results out on the pitch. Long may that continue."that the president concocts with them" showed a "lack of seriousness."

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Host Chris Cuomo Chris CuomoCNN's Don Lemon: 'Blow up the entire system' remark taken out of context CNN's Lemon: 'We're going to have to blow up the entire system' if Democrats win back White House, Senate Giuliani criticizes NYC leadership: 'They're killing this city' MORE then asked the lawmaker if Trump "knew what they were doing or had a hand in what they did in storming the SCIF."

"Without a doubt," Schiff said. "That happened the morning after a meeting with these ... Tea Party members who came storming in the next day."

"Much of the Republican party has become a cult of personality around the president," he said later.

Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff: Republican complaints about the impeachment inquiry


Church and state, support of universal human rights, the importance of technology to economic development, help for the working poor, and the need to support the union through appropriate taxation. These works are what enabled Paine to be known as progressive and someone who would argue controversial issues in the name of "public interest."

This essay made a positive impact on the people of America, and his writing was known for "recognizing the emotional needs of his audience." Paine's main purpose for writing The American Crisis was to wrap people in the comfort of time, which was something that panic and confusion had robbed them of.

Contents
The first Crisis pamphlet opens with the famous sentence, "These are the times that try men's souls," and goes on to state thatif colonists act like cowards and give up, and the closing statement, "Look on this picture and weep over it! and if there yet remains one thoughtless wretch who believes it not, let him suffer it unlamented."

Crisis No. 2, addressed "To Lord Howe," begins, "Universal empire is the prerogative of a writer." Paine makes plain his judgment that Howe was but a sycophant of George III: "Perhaps you thought America too was taking a nap, and therefore chose, like Satan to Eve, to whisper the delusion softly, lest you should awaken her. This continent, Sir, is too extensive to sleep all at once, and too watchful, even in its slumbers, not to startle at the unhallowed foot of an invader." Paine makes it clear that he believes that


Molewa pointed out that by December last year 103 learner interns had completed their experiential training with the learning academy. A new group of 36 engineering learner interns joined the Learning Academy in January and are presently busy with their specific structured training programmes. In all 241 graduate trainees had joined the programme by February this year and that all the past graduates had been placed with a mentor in the departments various directorates and regional offices.

Molewa said the department had granted 350 bursaries in all, to students since 2007 and that 211 of theastern cape department health bursariesese students had joined the departments learning academy, which was set up in 2007 as a response to the specific skills shortage challenge. It represents an investment in sustaining qualityany specific graduate development programmes over the past five years to help boost technical expertise, Molewa said her department had provided financial support, in the form of bursaries, to students studying for environmental science related qualifications. These include qualifications in environmental management, oceanography, chemical engineering and chemistry.

The South African National Parks (SanParks) gave out 22 bursaries between 2006 and 2010, but has only placed one bursary student.

Between 2006 and April 2010 the department had sponsored 133 students with bursaries, placing on average a third or more of all students across the last five years. After completion, sponsored students were absorbed by the department as bursars, and some of them are currently employed as permanent officials.

The department also recruits learners for its environmental education learnership, who are then later


placed at various municipalities across the country. Between 2006 and 2010, 640 learners have completed learnerships.

The Minister of Water and Environmental Afirs Edna Molewa, has confirmed government plans to spend over R14.2 billion over the next three years vamping up dams and water distributions systems to ensure the country maintains a sustainable water supply.

The spending focus over the medium term (MTEF 2011/12 to 2013/14) will be on bulk raw water resource infrastructure to meet sustainable demand for South Africa, said Molewa, pointing out that the details are outlined in Vote 38 in the National Treasurys Estimates of National Expenditure for 2011.

eastern capeBursaries, learnerships, internship programmes with infrastructure projects,Molewa singled out several mega infrastructure projects, in reply to a parliamentary question raised in the National Assembly on whether thedepartment had identified any urgent projects as part of the governments R846bn infrastructure upgrade plan over the next three years. She confirmed that to date, the department has spent R5.9bn of the R29.2bn budgeted for several projects, ranging from water services projects to mega infrastructure projects.

Photo: Flikr.com Sterkfontein Dam

Between 2006 and 2010, the SA Weather Services sponsored 149 students with, and had placed about two thirds of all students. Molewa said those students that had not been recruited by the weather service were continuing with their studies.

The South African National Biodiversity Institute gave out 38 bursaries between 2006 and 2010, to masters and doctorate students, to help foster climate change specialists placing 28% of the bursars.

So r over R2.5bn has been spent on the project the bulk (over


Setting new holiday carries a cost

Speaking to reporters the morning after his party was elected to govern Nova Scotians, Liberal Premier elect Stephen McNeil’s first announcement was a plan for the creation of a new holiday in February. Expanding on the announcement, McNeil outlined his intention to reach out to the youth of the province for input on what the new holiday should be called.

The Canadian Taxpayers Federation recently produced a YouTube video clip that Mr. McNeil apparently missed. Had he viewed it he would doubtless recognize the whimsical irony of his interest in involving the youth of the province in the decision.

In the video a young lady – about seven years of age – awakes to an alarm and arrives at the kitchen table in a businessMonday, 9 February 2009

Venezuela made it for Egypt U-20 World Cup

Yes, we made it for the first time: we are taking part in a Football World Cup (football as in real football, not as in football with cushions and helmets)

Venezuela has had difficulties to classify because:

People in Venezuela have traditionally preferred more baseball, basketball and other sports and there is consequently little money for football

The government has never invested enough or well

We are in one of the toughest continents for classifying, with the top teams of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay next to us and other countries where football is also much more popular than in Venezuela: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Bolivia...well, almost all the rest.

Venezuelans have always screwed it at the last minute because they become nervous


Manafort resigned as President Donald Trump’s campaign chairman in August 2016, due to his financial ties to a pro-Russia party in Ukraine, according to USA Today.

Gates and Manafort worked together in the private sector prior to Gates following Manafort to Trump's campaign in 2016. Gates moved to the Republican National Committee when Manafort was removed from Trump's campaign. Gates helped set up a pro-Trump super PAC after the election.

Banks, a congressman in northeastern Indiana's 3rd District, took to Twitter reminding Republicans to "allow the integrity of the process to work."

1/ Months ago I & many other Republicans vowed to support Mueller investigation & allow it to work its way through process to get the factsJun 26th, 2019

Jun 26th, 2019

England’s World Cup nightmare has been amplified after Pakistan emerged as the latest threat to their semi final aspirations.

Reeling from a 64-run defeat to Australia at Lords, Eoin Morgan and his team would have watched in horror as Pakistan won a low-scoring thriller against New Zealand at Edgbaston 24 hours later.

Barely a week ago the tournament looked on course for a prescriptive path to the semis as a gap emerged between the top four and the rest.

McCullum predicts Hafeez wicket

Near the head of the queue was the home side, considered a lock for the playoffs. But three losses from their last four games has changed the landscape entirely.

Now, Sarfraz Ahmed’s side has joined an inspired Bangladesh outfit on seven points, just one shy of


but that looked more like an off day on a slow wicket. Virat Kohli’s men are a force to be reckoned with.

Shami's match-winning hat-trick

To qualify: Four winnable fixtures await India. One win should do it, two makes it a sure thing. Their clashes with England and Bangladesh carry major implications for the tournament at large.

4. ENGLAND

Points: 8 Matches remaining: 2 (vs India & New Zealand)

Well, well, well. The top ranked side, playing on home turf, has had its flaws brutally exposed in front of an increasingly jittery home crowd. Their gung-ho batting lineup has struggled as pitches have slowed. Tellingly, all three losses have come while chasing, a method typically preferred in modern white ball cricket. They need to find form against two of the top sides toLANKA

Points: 6 Matches remaining: 3 (vs South Africa, West Indies & India)

Sri Lanka’s campaign was on life support before a shock victory over England. On a slow wicket they defended 232 and they’ll be hoping for more worn tracks. Batting remains a major issue – 247 is their highest total, in a failed chase of 334.

To qualify: Must win at least one of their remaining games and cheer on both India and New Zealand to do a job on England to level out the net run rates. Then Bangladesh and Pakistan must stumble. Two wins would make things interesting. It's not impossible, but asking a lot of them.

Malinga's four-wicket haul against England

OUTSIDERS

8. WEST INDIES

Points: 3 Matches remaining: 3 (vs India, Sri Lanka & Afghanistan)

The Windies may need a


of India (IRDAI), and the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

These RTI applications were filed in response to media reports of a draft bill entitled “Banning of Cryptocurrency and Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill 2019,” which two major Indian news outlets, The Economic Times and Bloombergquint, reported on. News.Bitcoin.com recently provided a preliminary analysis of the bill’s leaked content.

Background – Who Is Actually Drafting the Bill

The Indian Ministry of Finance has explained several times that an interministerial committee under the chairmanship of Subhash Chandra Garg, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs and Finance Secretary, had been constituted with representatives from concerned departments to consider all aspects of cryptocurrency. The committee would then produce a report with recommendations foradding:

It was unanimously decided in the meeting that Department of Revenue and Department of Economic Affairs may immediately take steps to completely ban sale, purchase and issuance of all forms and types of cryptocurrencies. In the meeting, it was discussed that it has features of Ponzi scheme.

The Economic Times, which reported on this meeting three months after it took place, noted that the MCA raised several crypto-related concerns “in its feedback to the Department of Economic Affairs.” This suggests that the IEPFA’s proposal was among a number of recommendations which the Garg committee received.

The Pro-Crypto Camp

While the alleged Indian crypto ban proposal has received much attention, it was not the only recommendation that the Garg committee considered, as explained in the finance ministry’s summary report.

A number of government


departments are in favor of regulating cryptocurrency. For example, policymakers gathered at Blockchain Summit India in February where cryptocurrency regulation was discussed. Among participants were the Department of Science and Technology, the State Government of Uttar Pradesh, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, the Ministry of Law and Justice, the Ministry of Human Resources Development, and the Department of Information Technology.

“The summit is targeted towards enabling Indian government and ministries to speed up the process of developing a ﬂourished blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystem,” the summit’s website describes. At the event, policymakers discussed how to “speed up the process of regulating cryptocurrency,” Janina Lowisz, Marketing VP at Cashaa, the event’s fintech partner, told news.Bitcoin.com. An announcement was made at the end of the summit stating that “The regulation issubsequently pushed for the government to implement a code of conduct to avoid similar problems occurring in the future. “Each agency should take necessary measures, such as supplementing the code of conduct for employees in charge of virtual currency issues,” the prime minister suggested.

Today, more than a year later, South Korea has neither banned cryptocurrency trading nor shut down local crypto exchanges, and the Korean government continues to discuss better crypto regulation.

Influence From Other Countries

The Indian Ministry of Finance also revealed in its summary report that the Department of Revenue had been working with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) on its guidance on crypto assets. The report reads:

Department of Revenue has been actively involved in the working papers being developed by the FATF on various issues (such


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The Old Red Barn is a real country auction. Enjoy the full flavor of bidding and buying antiques in an historic barn. Built in the mid-1800's and completely renovated in the 1970's, it is home to Orange County, NY's, best country auction. It's live, fast, fun. Can't be here? Call & register your absentee bids.
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The Old Red Barn is a realfollowing subsection offers a typical example.

## 3.8.1 A Typical Smartcard Banking Protocol

The COPAC system is an electronic purse used by VISA in countries with poor telecommunications [48]. It was the first live financial system whose underlying protocol suite was designed and verified using such formal techniques, and in particular a variant of the BAN logic. A similar protocol is now used in the 'Geldkarte,' an electronic purse issued by banks in Germany, and adopted also by French banks as 'Moneo'. There's also a system in Belgium called 'Proton'. The European applications focus on low-value transactions with devices such as parking meters and vending machines for which it may not be economical to provide a network connection.

Transactions take place from a customer smartcard to a merchant smartcard (which in


radio links which are vulnerable to fading, in the days when digital electronics were relatively expensive. Now that silicon is cheap, people use dedicated link layer protocols for synchronization and error correction rather than trying to combine them with the cryptography.

## 5.5.6 Message Authentication Code

The next official mode of operation of a block cipher is not used to encipher data, but to protect its integrity and authenticity. This is the message authentication code, or MAC. To compute a MAC on a message using a block cipher, we encrypt it using CBC mode and throw away all the output ciphertext blocks except the last one; this last block is the MAC. (The intermediate results are kept secret in order to prevent splicing attacks.)

This construction makes the MAC depend onlinks to a few dozen friends. (Although each profile does have a unique number, this does not appear in the page itself, just in URLs.) This fixes the uniqueness problem—Facebook can have as many Ross Andersons as care to turn up—and the stability problem (though at the cost of locking me into Facebook if I try to use it for everything).

Distributed systems folks had argued for some time that no naming system can be simultaneously globally unique, decentralized, and human-meaningful. It can only have two of those attributes (Zooko's triangle) [21]. In the past, engineers tanded to look for naming systems that were unique and meaningful, like URLs, or unique and decentralised, as with public-key certificates4. The innovation from sites like Facebook is to show on a really


that company laptops don't get used for anything else, and as the software industry generally charges per virtual machine rather than per machine, there could be nontrivial costs involved. I expect most companies will continue to ignore the problem and just fire people whose machines cause visible trouble.

The hardest problem is often managing the interfaces between levels, as people usually end up having to get material from one level to another in order to get their work done. If the information flows are limited and easy to model, as with the Pump and the CMW, well and good; the way forward may well be Pump or CMW functionality also hosted on virtual machines. (Virtualisation per se doesn't give you CMW—you need a trusted client for that, or anexpensive. In fact, during a debate on medical privacy at an IEEE conference in 1996—just as HIPAA was being pushed through the U.S. Congress—a representative of a large systems house declared that the medical records of 8 million Americans were one of his company's strategic assets, which they would never give up. This holds whether the insurer is a private insurance company (or employer) or a government-owned health authority, such as HCFA, the VA, or Britain's National Health Service. Once an insurer possesses large quantities of personal health information, it becomes very reluctant to delete it. Its potential future value, in all sorts of applications from cost control through research to marketing, is immediate and obvious, while patients' privacy concerns are not.

In the USA, the retention of copies


PIN. In fact, he could take money out of any account at that bank using his PIN. This happened because his bank (and at least two others) wrote the encrypted PIN to the card's magnetic strip without linking it to the account number in any robust way (for example, by using the 'offset' method described above). His second method was 'shoulder surfing': he'd stand in line behind a victim, observe the entered PIN, and pick up the discarded ATM slip. Most banks at the time printed the full account number on the slip, and a card would work with no other correct information on it.

Stone's methods spread via people he trained as his accomplices, and via a 'Howto' manual he wrote in prison. Some two thousand victims ofessentially the same money-laundering problem as a bent bank programmer. Until May 2007, the preferred route was eGold, a company operated from Florida but with a legal domicile in the Caribbean, which offered unregulated electronic payment services. The attraction to the villains was that eGold payments were irreversible; their staff would stonewall bank investigators who were hot on the trail of stolen money. eGold duly got raided by the FBI and indicted. The villains' second recourse was to send money through banks in Finland to their subsidiaries in the Baltic states and on to Russia; no doubt the Finnish regulators will have cleaned this up by the time this book appears. The third choice was wire-transfer firms like Western Union, and various electronic money services in Russia and


Indeed, Yochanan Shachmurove and colleagues surveyed the residents of Greenwich, Connecticut, and built a model of how domestic burglaries varied as a function of the precautions taken; locks and deadbolts had essentially no effect, as there were always alternative means of entry such as windows. The most effective deterrents were alarms and visible signs of occupancy such as cars in the drive [1154].

The situation for commercial firms is slightly better (but not much). The usual standards for high-security locks in the USA, UL 437 and ANSI 156.30, specify resistance to picking and drilling, but not to bumping; and although pick-resistant locks are generally more difficult to bump, this is no guarantee. Knowledge does exist about which lock designs resist bumping, but you have to look for it. (Tobias'ink is rolled on raised type that is then pressed on to the page, leaving a depression. The numbers on banknotes are usually printed this way, often with numbers of different sizes and using different inks to prevent off-the-shelf numbering equipment being used;
  * special printing presses, called Simultan presses, which transfer all the inks, for both front and back, to the paper simultaneously. The printing on front and back can therefore be accurately aligned; patterns can be printed partly on the front and partly on the back so that they match up perfectly when the note is held up to the light (see-through register). Reproducing this is believed to be hard on cheap color printing equipment. The Simultan presses also have the special ducting to make


the robustness of different facial feature extraction methods found that given reasonable variations in lighting, viewpoint and expression, no method was sufficient by itself and error rates were up to 20% [13]. Systems that use a combination of techniques can get the error rate down but not to the levels possible with many other biometrics [898, 1370]. Field trials by the U.S. Department of Defense in 2002 found that a leading face-recognition product correctly recognized one individual out of 270 only 51% of the time, and identified one person correctly to within a range of 10 participants 81% of the time [852]. (The vendor in question had put out a press release on the afternoon of September 11th and seen a huge rise in its stock price ina copy of the incoming SYN packet, B simply sends out as Y an encrypted version of X. That way, it's not necessary to retain state about sessions which are half-open. Despite this, SYN floods are still a big deal, accounting for the largest number of reported attacks (27%) in 2006, although they were only the third-largest in terms of traffic volume (18%, behind UDP floods and application-layer attacks) [86].

There is an important general principle here: when you're designing a protocol that anyone can invoke, don't make it easy for malicious users to make honest ones consume resources. Don't let anyone in the world force your software to allocate memory, or do a lot of computation. In the online world, that's just asking for trouble.

### 21.2.2.2 Smurfing

A common


of election equipment and standards came to similar conclusions. All the evaluated equipment had serious security failings: data that should have been encrypted wasn't; encryption done badly (for example, the key stored in the clear next to the ciphertext); buffer overflows; useless (and misapplied) physical security; SQL injection; audit logs that could be tampered with; and undocumented back doors [855]. Interestingly, the Florida and Ohio teams found plenty of new vulnerabilities that the California team missed, and all were working quickly; this raises interesting questions about the total number of security flaws in these systems.

Our experience in the UK is broadly similar, although the detail is different. Tony Blair's government progressively expanded the use of postal and other absentee forms of ballot, which was criticised by opposition partiesyesteryear, a central authority could impose some elementary rules—a 'Secret' document had to be locked in a filing cabinet when you went to the toilet, and a 'Secret' computer system needed an Orange book evaluation. But such rules were never natural, and people always had to break them to get their work done. Trying to scale access-control rules to social networking sites like Facebook is probably already beyond the complexity limit, and the revolution has only just started.

In a truly complex socio-technical system you can expect that the rules will evolve in a process whereby the technology and the behaviour continually adapt to each other. But at present the incentives faced by the system developers are also wrong; site operators want search while users want privacy. Governments will


properly. If, on the other hand, it's an integral part of the product's management, then not only will it likely get upgraded as the product is, but it is also much more likely to be taken heed of by experts from other domains who might be designing features with possible interactions.

As a general rule, safety must be built in as a system is developed, not retrofitted; the same goes for security. The main difference is in the failure model. Rather than the effects of random failure, we're dealing with a hostile opponent who can cause some of the components of our system to fail at the least convenient time and in the most damaging way possible. In effect, our task is to program a computer which gives answersdesign in threads of bright red, blue, and yellow. Around her neck and wrists hang several heavy gold chains. From her ears dangle clusters of thin gold strands bearing tiny diamonds. On her hands are several rings with glittering stones of many colors.

"That's Mary," whispers Todd. "Don't piss her off."

"Quiet you. I already heard that _master of discipline_ remark. You're on thin ice," she commands as she strides into the kitchen, opens a cabinet, surveys the contents, then reaches up and pulls down a $100 bottle of merlot. Grabbing a crystal wine glass and a bottle opener, she saunters into the living room area.

She says, "Don't mind me boys. The reception was bad. Todd, let's replace some batteries, okay? I could barely make out what you people were


wanted me to try to infiltrate the St. Louis based organization since I looked the _small town Iowa guy_ part, street-wise, that is. I wasn't sure I appreciated that part. Anyway, I agreed and met him again secretly for the next week as he filled me in on what they had so far."

"So, long story, short, I made some contacts. One thing led to another and soon I found myself very much on the inside and feeding stories and details to Joe at ANN. At first, I was mainly doing small time errands around Des Moines but it wasn't long before I was working closely with the boss of the whole show for Iowa, Missouri and Nebraska!"

"Once on the inside, I and my computer geek girl friend, whohad better not leave physical evidence of what I was doing for anyone to find and, like I said, I don't want the data to fall into the wrong hands."

"Yeah, but wouldn't you be just as screwed if they got your laptop?" says Mary.

"Every thing's in a hidden password encrypted volume, so even if they got the laptop, they wouldn't be able to read them."

"Yeah, but they'd see the encrypted files and get the password out of you, one way or another," says Mary.

"No, I said it was a hidden volume. Yeah, the main volume is encrypted but there's a hidden volume within it that's at a second level of encryption. Totally invisible. So, if get a password from me and still find nothing except some decoy files


so he concealed it at first. But the picture wasn't good enough to do a make on the attackers and the SUV was stolen."

"Not good."

"No. They took his body out to a secluded wooded area near Portage des Sioux along the Missouri River before it joins the Mississippi. They hacked the body to pieces, arms, legs, head, pretty grim stuff. Then dug a shallow grave, buried him and piled rocks to keep the spring floods from uncovering the corpse."

"Holy shit!"

"When Stan didn't show up for a few days, I tried calling his cell phone but it rolled over to voice mail, which was unusual. His maid said he hadn't come home for several nights. He hadn't said anything about going out of town. Finally, the police got involvedbut they were useless, mainly on the take themselves. Whenever I inquired, it was always, some tale, some new pretense, they daily coined."

"Then one day, an old Mexican farm laborer appeared like a ghost on KMOX-TV. In broken English he said that he had seen some guys bury a body out near the Alton Dam. They had a camera crew on the site as the coroner's office dug up the body. They ID'd the corpse a few days later. It was Stan."

"Geez, what did you do then?"

"I guess I panicked. I figured, since I worked pretty close with him on his projects, I might be next. I didn't put much trust in the St. Louis legal system, a bit too marsupial for my tastes. Eagles may soar, but


have other sites around the world. We also have our own dedicated fiber optic network across the Pacific to Japan, China, Australia and India and the Atlantic to Europe, Israel and South Africa. I was able to buy these for next to nothing thanks to the dot-com bust. We also have a small private satellite network with optical and multi-band electromagnetic surveillance capabilities."

"Huh? You own a satellite? A satellite? And I thought this was a bar. What are you, the NSA of Omaha?"

"Actually, in a word, yes."

"Anyone know about this place?"

"We try to keep a low profile but it's not a well kept secret in the intelligence community."

"Is it legal?"

"Sure, why not? If some aerospace company can make missiles to take out the enemy, why can't we makewhat would happen if the wrong people got access to the wrong computers?"

"Something bad?"

"Bad indeed. Do you know that, a few years ago, the Slammer Worm got into the Davis-Besse nuclear plant and shut down all safety monitoring for five hours? That hackers got into the California ISO systems and nearly shut down all electricity for 50 million people?"

"So, I should buy more batteries, and start wearing lead underpants?"

"Dude, if some terrorist or script kiddie makes one of those nuke toasters go critical, a lead jock strap won't help."

"It sounds like you know a lot of bad people too."

"Only at a distance. Now get dressed and I'll see you later," says David as he gets up.

"Well, let's hope all our bad guys keep their distance."

"You got that right."

"Let