ends in the anterior insula and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, while the anteromedial branch reaches the olfactory cortex, the medial orbitofrontal cortex, and the frontal pole.^[@R7]^ Dissections of the uncinate fasciculus were performed by placing a ROI in the anterior temporal lobe and a second ROI in the external/extreme capsule.^[@R6],[@R20],[@R26]^

The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus originates from the inferior and medial surface of the occipital lobe. When the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus leaves the temporal lobe, it reduces its section and its fibers come together when they reach the extreme/external capsule at higher level respect to the uncinate fasciculus. In the frontal lobe, the dorsolateral fibers of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus end mainly in the inferior frontal gyrus, while the most ventral fibers gather together, ending in the medial fronto-orbital region andIranian-American Pastor Sentenced to Eight Years in Iran Prison is Being Tortured

Iranian-born American Pastor Saeed Abedini stands with his wife and two children. Abedini is sentenced by Iranian court to eight years in prison and is reportedly tortured while waiting for appeal. ACLJ

Iranian-born American Pastor Saeed Abedini has been sentenced to eight years of prison in Iran and is reportedly being tortured in prison as an appeal against his 8-year sentence is being filed.

"When I heard this from my husband, I cried. It broke my heart. Behind those walls he feels helpless and relies on us to be his voice. It is so easy to feel forgotten in the walls of the prison. Please help me make sure he is never forgotten," Pastor Abedini's wife, Naghmeh, told the


American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ) after visiting her husband on Monday.

Abedini, 32, was arrested in September of last year during one of his many visits to his place of birth while working on an orphanage, and has been imprisoned ever since. On January 27th, Iran’s “hanging judge” Judge Pir-Abassi sentenced Abedini to eight years in prison for “threatening the national security of Iran” because of his activity starting in 2000 in the Christian house church movement.

Dr. Naser Sarbazi, Abedini’s lawyer in Iran, was only allowed to see the court filing one week before the trial, and was given less than 24 hours to meet with the 32-year-old pastor and prepare a defense, the ACLJ noted. Sarbazi still managed to present a strong case for why Abedini’swork was not a threat to the national security of Iran, and positioned that the American was motivated solely by his faith and was without a political agenda, stated the law group.

After two days of what was described as a “sham” trial, the Islamic Revolutionary Court in Tehran deemed the American pastor guilty of attempting to undermine the Iranian government by creating a network of Christian house churches. The alleged evidence of the pastor’s activities dates back to 2000, when he converted from Islam to Christianity. Prosecutors are saying that Abedini has been trying to influence Islamic youths to convert to Christianity, which is a crime punishable by death in Iran.

The sentence was delivered by Judge Pir-Abassi of Branch 26, a notorious "hanging judge" accused by the European


Union of human right abuses for hastily sentencing a number of human rights advocates to death. Sarbazi has filed an appeal against the sentence.

After the trial, Judge Pir-Abassi apparently told Sarbazi that he would see to the pastor being moved from his current ward to another ward, where he would receive better medical treatment, according to Jordan Sekulow, executive director of the ACLJ; however, Abedini is being tortured in the prison while he waits for the appeal process, according to the latest statement by ACLJ. The law group is currently representing Abedini’s two children and wife, Naghmeh Abedini, who he married after converting to Christianity in 2000.

Upon finding out the sentence results, Abedini’s wife, Naghmeh Abedini, appealed to the public for help.

"My first emotion went to my kids.the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.

John Kerry, the new U.S. Secretary of State, and several other U.S. agencies have condemned Iran for its imprisonment and unjust trial of Abedini and called for his release.

"We remain deeply concerned about the fairness and transparency of Mr. Abedini's trial," Kerry told Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) when asked for his response to Abedini's case last week. "I, along with the U.S. government, condemn Iran's continued violation of the universal right of freedom of religion and call on the Iranian authorities to respect Mr. Abedini's human rights and release him."

Department of State Spokesperson Victoria Nuland commented, "We condemn Iran's continued violation of the universal rights of freedom of religion, and we call on the Iranian authorities to respect Mr. Abedini's human rights


and to release him."

Calls continue to the U.S. State Department to look into the case and demand for the immediate release of Pastor Abedini. The ACLJ is urging the public to sign a petition that it started in support of his release. Over 250,000 people from around the world have signed the petition. The law group that is representing Abedini’s family in the U.S. said that Abedini has 20 days to appeal the sentence.

Related

Heydar Moslehi, Minister of Intelligence in Iran, has declared that house churches are a threat to youth, Mohaba News, an Iranian Christian News Agency, reported Monday. Moslehi's statement raises anxiety over new persecution among the Christian community.credit for a moment that put a bow on the successful war the United States has been waging against ISIS on his watch.

That was the keynote of coverage of the Baghdadi operation in the New York Times, CNN and most other liberal outlets. Instead of allowing Trump to bask in the glory of this victory, reporters and pundits widely bashed the president for supposedly being clueless about the operation and the intelligence establishment, for pursuing policies that made the fight against ISIS harder and for not giving top Democrats a heads up about the impending attack.

They extended Trump none of the adulatory coverage President Barack Obama received in the wake of the 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden.

Why is the media more focused on party-pooping on Baghdadi, when


Rock Island County deputies got a little help from an unlikely source when they captured a man who was wanted in Muscatine for escape.

Rock Island County deputies got a little help from an unlikely source when they captured a man who was wanted in Muscatine, Iowa, for escape.

Daniel Rice, 21, was jailed and facing theft, burglary and criminal mischief in Muscatine County, when he was taken to a Muscatine hospital for heart-related issues according to Rock Island County Sheriff's Department Captain Steven VenHuizen.

It was during that hospital visit Monday, October 20, 2014, that Rice allegedly escaped, despite being handcuffed to the bed and wearing only a hospital gown which reportedly came off as he ran away.

Court records showed Rice was charged October 21, 2014 with escape from custody.

Perhapsno one could have predicted the way he would be captured.

Rock Island County deputies were sent to Loud Thunder Forest Preserve in Illinois City, Illinois, to investigate a report from someone saying they were being chased by wild coyotes just after midnight Wednesday morning, October 22. Deputies said Rice was actually the person who made that call.

Rice reportedly gave a false name to police as he told them he used a stick to fend off the animals. Rice said he thought about 30 coyotes were after him, VenHuizen said.

In audio from the call to emergency dispatchers, the caller identifies himself as Zachary Turner and claims he and his sister were chased off Trail 11 by about 20 or 30 coyotes at Loud Thunder.

Scroll down to listen to the


911 call.

The Rock Island County deputies found Rice, and recognized him as a reported escapee. The pacemaker scar on his chest served as further confirmation that they had a wanted man.

Rice was arrested at Loud Thunder, and later transferred from the Rock Island County Jail to the Muscatine County Jail.on board it "grew" more carriages. The people who were on the train stopped being productive, existing in an endless party. A young boy sees through the illusion (a la The Emperor's New Clothes) and starts telling the passengers. Knowing the truth causes the train to start disappearing as it is powered by belief or something like that.

A:

This sounds something like Asimov's "Spell My Name with an S". Not entirely, but you've given us lots of wiggle room, so...
In that story the protagonist, Zebatinsky, is badgered by his wife to visit a numerologist, in spite of being a physicist and considering the whole concept entirely bogus.
He visits the man, who immediately recognizes his skepticism but nevertheless goes through the process. At the end he suggests changing the first


to hard into it and potentially discover their efforts, he is significantly promoted and moved into a non-classified position. This means the numerologist's prediction of positive changes in his life comes true.

 The story ends with the reveal that the numerologist is actually an
 alien who bet his friend that he could prevent a definite upcoming
 nuclear war with a trivial change, a "class 1 outcome from a class 3
 change". The story ends with a double-or-nothing bet that he
 can return the stage to one where a war will take place.

 There are strong parallels between this story and the Twilight Zone
 episode where aliens cause chaos on a suburban street simply by
 playing with their electricity.

the Company, upon request, to bargain collectively with the Union as the exclusive representative of its employees, embodying any agreement reached in a signed contract, and to post the usual notices.

BACKGROUND

3
On August 30, 1965, following a Board conducted election held August 20, 1965, in which a majority of the production and maintenance employees voted to select the Union as their exclusive bargaining agent, the Union was so certified.

4
The first bargaining session between the parties was held November 13, 1965, prior to which date the Union had submitted to the Company a proposed agreement.  The parties discussed this proposal at the first five meetings, after which the Company, on March 11, 1966, submitted a counterproposal.  Fourteen more meetings were held between March 11 and August 2, 1966,


during which time the Company proposal served as the basis for the negotiations.

5
On August 4, 1966 the Union instituted a strike, which lasted until December 28, 1967.  Between August 16, 1966 and November 3, 1966, three more bargaining meetings were held.1

6
On October 10, 1966 certain employees filed a decertification petition, seeking to oust the Union as the collective bargaining agent.  A second election was held on December 1, 1966 and following the counting of some challenged ballots, the Union was recertified on July 5, 1967.

SEPTEMBER 28, 1967 PROPOSAL

7
The first meeting of the parties following the Union's recertification was held August 29, 1967.  At this meeting, the parties being unable to agree as to who had convened the session, the federal mediator, who had called the401 F.2d 205, 211 (4th Cir. 1968).

13
We note that the Company's withdrawal of previous commitments, in addition to being more than a year after the beginning of the strike, was almost ten months after the last previous negotiating session.  In the meantime, the plant had a new general manager, Pemberton, who was present during the negotiations in question.  It was his desire, certainly not unreasonable in view of the long gap in negotiations, to have certain items he deemed inequitable restored to the bargaining table.  Nevertheless, the Board, in finding that the Company's real purpose was to frustrate bargaining and undermine the Union, did expressly attach significance to the withdrawal of the aging commitments.

14
The testimony of the representatives of the two parties as to what


transpired at the September 28 meeting varies both in detail and in total effect.

15
The testimony of the Union's negotiators, Riffe and Bryant, sets forth the following picture: At the time Fahy presented the revised proposal, he stated that this was the Company's final proposal.  The Union negotiators met for a brief caucus to evaluate the document after its presentation, following which Riffe indicated to the Company spokesmen that the new draft was less acceptable than the prior proposal.  A discussion of many of the items in the new draft followed.  On almost every issue, the Company's answer was claimed to be that the September 28 proposal was its final offer.  The meeting concluded with Riffe requesting Fahy to consider making changes in the newproposal, to which Fahy responded by stating he would furnish his answer in writing.  Riffe informed Fahy that the answer was needed before a membership meeting to take place the following Tuesday, October 3, 1967, at which time the proposal would be put to a vote.

16
The version of the afternoon's events offered by the Company's spokesmen, Fahy and Pemberton, is briefly as follows: No initial reference was made which would indicate that the new draft was submitted as a final proposal.  There is agreement as to there having been a caucus, but this was followed by a discussion in the nature of clarification by the Company in response to questions raised by the Union.  Thereafter, a second caucus by the Union negotiators occurred.  After


an extended time, the mediator returned from a meeting with the Union representatives, stating that the hard core issues remained unsolved and that there was an additional issue of the Union's insistence that all strikers be returned to work.  The Company at this time learned that there was to be a union meeting in a few days, at which Riffe planned to submit the September 28 proposal to the membership for consideration.  Fahy agreed to review the contract proposals and discuss the matter with company officials and, at the suggestion of the mediator, to write a letter to the Union.  Riffe then came back to the meeting, at which time he advised that he would recommend to the Union membership that the Company's proposal beits examiner disagree.  We intend only to recognize that evidence supporting a conclusion may be less substantial when an impartial, experienced examiner who has observed the witnesses and lived with the case has drawn conclusions different from the Board's than when he has reached the same conclusion.  The findings of the examiner are to be considered along with the consistency and inherent probability of testimony.  The significance of his report, of course, depends largely on the importance of credibility in the particular case.'

36
In reaching the decision that the Company's action in regard to the September 28 meeting was in violation of the Act, the Board concluded that the new proposal was presented by the Company as a final offer, thereby making further negotiations futile.


to the Union's membership which ended bargaining, and that it was the mediator who first informed the Company's negotiators of this decision.  Noting that on September 28 Bryant spent much time in private meetings with Riffe, who must have enunciated his planned course of action during a private session, the examiner found from the evidence that Bryant, an inexperienced negotiator, was confused as to the source of the phrase 'final offer' and that it was first used in the Union's private caucus.

38
The Board maintains that it is not bound by a credibility resolution where, as in the case of Bryant's testimony, the trial examiner made his determination not on the basis of the demeanor of the witness, but on an analysis of the testimony presented.

39
While we doreaching its conclusion noted the testimony of one Collins that the then plant superintendent, Harper, had a conversation with Collins who was on the picket line.  Harper allegedly said that it would not do any good for the Union to win the election then in process, 'that they would continue to stall as usual and by the end of the year they would have enough new employees in there to vote the union out.'  The timing of this conversation is not clear.  The witness, found to be truthful by the trial examiner, whose credibility resolution was here accepted by the Board, testified that the conversation occurred in late May or early Juny of 1967.  As a secondary point on this appeal, the Company contends


how the computation of six months was arrived at since a period from late May until the date of the charges, November 13, 1967, was less than six months.  There was also some indication in Collins' testimony that the conversation took place at the time of a vote on union representation.  The second election took place as early as December, 1966, but the challenged ballots were not apparently counted until June of 1967, and this may have been the reference in the testimony rather than the earlier December 1966 election.

58
We do not deem, however, that it is necessary to dispose of this particular matter on the six months rule.

59
We find more persuasive here the finding of the trial examiner, also contained in a footnote, which statedthe following:

60
'Collins testified that it was not unusual for Harper to stop and talk when Collins was on picket line duty.  Fahy testified that Harper was strictly a shopman who had never been involved in the bargaining and that Fahy, who was chief company negotiator throughout the bargaining, had no discussions with Harper other than to say hello.  Harper, who is no longer employed by Respondent, was not called to testify.  This incident was not alleged as an unfair labor practice.  I find that both Collins and Fahy are credible witnesses, that the conversation occurred, but that Harper had no special knowledge of Respondent's conduct at the bargaining table.  Moreover, the evidence as to bargaining between November 1965 and November 1966 establishes that


a period consistent with Board decisions.  The General Counsel refused to be a party to the Settlement Agreement.  The Settlement Agreement was approved by ruling of the trial examiner at the time agreement was reached.  Subsequently the Union joined the General Council in objecting to the settlement, claiming that Riffe was unaware at the May 6 hearing that the General Council was opposed.  The Board on the appeal of this issue, while affirming the trial examiner's authority to approve a settlement, reversed him and ordered that the hearing be resumed.  The hearing was resumed on October 22, 1968

4
 The charge was filed by the Union on November 13, 1967 and was not thereafter amended.  The complaint, which issued on February 29, 1968,the cancellation effect of the rear wave of the woofer upon the waves radiated from the front by isolating the forward wave from the rearward wave. Several kinds of enclosures are known in the art:
(a) Infinite Baffle (Air Suspension): An air suspension enclosure is a completely sealed box in which the rear wave is prevented from cancelling the front wave. PA1 (b) Bass Reflex: The bass reflex design utilizes a portion of the rear wave of the woofer to augment the front wave. PA1 (c) Horn Enclosure: In this design, a horn acts as an acoustical transformer that matches the high mechanical impedance of the vibrating diaphragm to the relatively low acoustical impedance of the air at the large mouth of the horn. PA1 (d) Acoustical Labyrinth: This


to ducting within the enclosure in order to tune the overall resonance of the system while allowing the energy from the rear of the loud speaker cone to be added to the front wave which has met with reasonable success.
Another conventional device to further tune the enclosure is by the addition of a passive radiator which serves to transfer sound into the surrounding outside area.
Another problem associated with the use of large speaker assemblies or passive radiators for that matter, is the tendency for these large diaphragms to continue ringing after the electrical signal has been terminated from the driver.
Conventional drivers are mounted in loudspeaker enclosures with the face of the enclosure being utilized as the radiator while the remainder of the enclosure being utilized as the radiatorpractice, these designs being describable as the sealed enclosure, better known as the "infinite baffle,"and the ported box enclosure, most commonly referred to as the "bass reflex."
In the infinite baffle design, the backwave is sealed within the enclosure. The concept involves the use of all solid wall, thereby resulting in the rear wave being prevented from engaging the front wave. Further, high fiber construction material is used to stuff the interior of the enclosure, the high fiber count suppressing the many resonances and unwanted enclosure sounds. In practice, the practical size of a sealed enclosure is severely limited in comparison to the length of the sound waves encountered.
Now referring to the prior art, the patent to Pitre, U.S. Pat. NO. 4,031,318, issued Jun. 21, 1977 for "High Fidelity


Menu

49 YEAR RIDE – GENERATIONS ON THE ROAD | A FILM BY MARC BENCIVENGA

-

“Steve Leandro has been building and riding bikes since the late ’60s and has inspired many over the decades dedicated to his passion. I was able to uncover some Super 8 footage from 1974 of the ‘Run To the Redwoods”, which he was a part of, and some 1972 Super 8 footage of the influences in Steve’s life to create a piece that I believe acknowledges Steve’s humble beginings and honors his current impact on those who love an old Harley.” –Marc Bencivenga, filmmaker

7 thoughts on “49 YEAR RIDE – GENERATIONS ON THE ROAD | A FILM BY MARC BENCIVENGA”

One of the best editorial short films that I have seen as of late. Nothing likeSPEAKER: Afternoon.
But the first speaker it's my
great pleasure to introduce
is Mark Thompson,
who runs the BBC.
He's been Director-General for
the past few years, and he's
been in the BBC for over 20
years, but took a brief
interlude to run Channel 4,
after which they forgave him
and then they invited him back.
He has spearheaded many of the
most radical digital
initiatives that have been
taking place in the BBC over
the last two to three years, of
which the most exciting he will
tell us about, which is being
unveiled really more or less as
we speak, which is the whole of
the relate of the archive of
all of the BBC material,
for the whole of the
benefit of humankind.
I'd like you to welcome him.
Thank you very much.
MARK THOMPSON: So, as you've
heard, I'm a traditional
broadcaster, and what we love
more than anything else,
as you know, is


Suspected gunman busted in Berkeley street slaying

CHICAGO, IL - SEPTEMBER 28: Crime scene tape secures a shooting scene where 5 people were reported to have been shot, including an 11-month-old infant, on September 28, 2015 in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago, like many major cities in the United States, has experienced a surge in shootings this year. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) less CHICAGO, IL - SEPTEMBER 28: Crime scene tape secures a shooting scene where 5 people were reported to have been shot, including an 11-month-old infant, on September 28, 2015 in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago, like ... more Photo: Scott Olson, Getty Images Photo: Scott Olson, Getty Images Image 1 of / 1 Caption Close Suspected gunman busted in Berkeley street slaying 1 / 1 Back to Gallery

A 24-year-oldHRC Takes on MichFest

The Human Rights Campaign has weighed in on the trans-exclusionary 'womyn born womyn' intention of the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival, and festival organizers may not like what the national group has to say.

The nation’s largest LGBT advocacy group has thrown its weight behind those taking issue with the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival's "intention" to exclude transgender women, just days after a statewide equality group called on the festival to reverse its unofficial policy discouraging transgender women from attending the annual festival.

Calling the festival organizer's stated intention that the space be reserved for "womyn born womyn," a "simply inexcusable" instance of the marginalization of transgender women, Human Rights Campaign senior content manager Beth Sherouse on Wednesday joined Equality Michigan in its call for Michfest to put


an example of former Michfest performers who have come together in solidarity with transgender women, and in asking festival organizer Lisa Vogel to put an end to the discriminatory policy. This year, out Canadian rock trio Hunter Valentine announced they will not perform at the festival because of Michfest's intention, which they see as discriminatory, and Orange Is The New Black star Lea DeLaria cancelled her scheduled performance after becoming the subject of online criticsm surrounding her inclusion on the festival's roster.

Sherouse closes her statement with a confirmation that her position on Michfest's exclusionary intention is shared by the national LGBT lobbying group as a whole. "I and my many colleagues at the Human Rights Campaign stand in solidarity with Equality Michigan, the Indigo Girls and the manyPages

Thursday, 9 June 2016

Ramadan Fasting: Kaduna Government condemns attack on Christian man

The Kaduna State government has strongly condemned the criminal attack on a citizen, Francis Emmanuel, who was assaulted in Kakuri-Kaduna Tuesday, directing the police to arrest the perpetrators of the attack.

A statement from the Special Assistance to the governor on media and publicity, Samuel Aruwan noted that the government warned that there was no room for religious violence and criminality in the state.

The statement said, “The state governor, Malam Nasir El-Rufai, Wednesday led a team of senior government officials, including the Deputy Governor, Architect Barnabas Yusuf Bala, to visit Francis who is recuperating at the St. Gerald’s Hospital.

“The governor comforted the victim and promised that the government will not allow any criminal to hide under any religious


cinemas concentrating on repertory movies include the Cinéma du Parc.

Cineastes have on occasion chosen Montreal for their movies. See Montreal in films.

Museums

Montreal has a vast network of museums, art galleries and exhibition centres. The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts possess a varied collection of European, First Nations, Inuit, and Canadian arts, including important paintings from Montreal's own Betty Goodwin, James Wilson Morrice and Paul-Émile Borduas.  The Musée d'art contemporain has concentrated its collection mainly to emerging post-war Quebec artists, with arguably some of the best artistic works in Quebec from Alfred Pellan and Jean-Paul Riopelle.

Other praised museums are the Redpath Museum, the Stewart Museum, the McCord Museum of Canadian History, the Canadian Centre for Architecture, and the Montreal Museum of Archeology and History.

The region is also homealso the world's largest comedy festival.  The Montreal Fireworks Festival also attracts a lot of attention. On the evenings of competition, tens of thousands of people watch the fireworks for free on their roofs or from locations nearby the competition. Other festivals in Montreal include Pop Montreal, The Fringe Festival, la Fête des Neiges de Montréal, and Nujaz. Annual family-oriented events promoting health and cycling are also organized in the streets of Montreal. Parades are also popular in downtown Montreal.

Montreal is also famous as the birthplace of the Infringement Festival, a reaction to the perceived corporatization of the Montreal Fringe Festival. The Infringement has since spread to many other cities in North America and Europe.

Night life
During the period of Prohibition in the United States, Montreal became well


Introduction {#sec1}
============

The twin agendas of increasing college completion and developing STEM competencies for a growing marketplace prompted a new urgency in higher education.^[@ref1]^ In addressing these goals and a host of other educational issues, the role of students who transition from community colleges to universities has become more visible.^[@ref2]−[@ref4]^ More than 40% of undergraduate students in the nation start their trajectory in higher education at a community college.^[@ref5]^ These students merit the same kind of focused attention as students who enter the university directly from high school.

Faculty play a critical role in this work.^[@ref6]−[@ref10]^ Due to the pace of the semester, it can be a challenge for faculty to carve out time to meet with colleagues in their own department.^[@ref11]^ The challenge is increased if these colleagues aresituated on multiple campuses or affiliated with different institutions. Despite the difficulty, a shared commitment to student success motivated 12 chemistry faculty members from five institutions that were part of the STEM Transfer Student Success Initiative (t-STEM) to work together, and figure out how best to bolster that success. This structured interinstitutional opportunity for faculty collaboration generated shared professional knowledge that, in turn, helped to support student learning in and out of the classroom. This generative process represented an important component of t-STEM's more comprehensive approach to transfer student success that engaged over 100 faculty and staff across the partner institutions of Anne Arundel Community College (AACC), The Community College of Baltimore County (CCBC), Howard Community College (HCC), Montgomery College (MC), and the University of Maryland, Baltimore County


alignment process.

This work responds to Wesemann's^[@ref10]^ call for the "chemistry community to support and encourage local, regional and national efforts to facilitate undergraduate transitions across institutions", and thereby widen participation in and understanding of the sciences (p 197). Toward this end, the work of the t-STEM chemistry team complements the achievements of other interinstitution teams, such as the development of undergraduate student and faculty research collaborations, and the successful integration of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy across the chemistry curriculum.^[@ref6],[@ref9]^ The t-STEM chemistry team provided a distinctive contribution in the way that it developed a tool-driven process for curricular investigations that reached beyond the traditional boundaries of articulation and alignment. In this way, they created a new analytic space for shared inquiry into curricula and collaboration around studentand four-year teams to establish or enhance their own collaborative work, particularly in the field of chemistry.

Role of the t-STEM Curricular Alignment Team in Chemistry {#sec2}
=========================================================

Chemistry emerged as the best choice for t-STEM's first pilot in curricular alignment for three main reasons. First, the American Chemical Society (ACS) has accreditation guidelines for bachelor's degree programs that are recognized by most chemistry departments in higher education. These guidelines define and standardize key competencies. Second, a general chemistry sequence is required for many STEM majors; thus, any curricular efforts had the potential for wide impact. Third, one of us (W.R.L.), the dean of natural sciences and mathematics at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, was an early advocate for the collaboration, as well as a co-PI for the second grant


acknowledged the need for academic improvement among students from all partner institutions, and chose to focus its work on the general chemistry sequence. Not only was the coursework required for many STEM majors, it preceded a two-semester sophomore sequence in organic chemistry for all partner institutions. As the process evolved, the team focused on the content mastery needed for the successful transition between the first and second semesters of general chemistry.

There was some initial concern from the community college faculty that this process would serve as an opportunity for the university to dictate change at the community colleges. However, focusing on student success, foregrounding data analysis, and engaging in honest discussions helped to change those perceptions.^[@ref16]^ Also, the larger and explicit t-STEM commitment to an asset-based perspective oninstitutions provided moderate to extensive coverage of the content required for first semester general chemistry. From the analysis of Tool 2 (Pedagogy and Resources), the team discovered that all institutions utilized similar learning formats, implemented evidence-based learning strategies, and benefited from the advantages of classroom technology. The main difference between the two- and four-year institutions was in class size, typically ranging from 24 students to as many as 340 students, respectively, a more than 10-fold difference.

In the team's analysis of Tool 3 (Assessment) and the similarities thereof, the team discovered that the main differences lay in the use of partial and extra credit, and in the format and scoring of test questions. At the community college, instructors typically used free-response questions, and gave partial credit for work shown.


NEW DELHI: Senior Congress leader Shashi Tharoor on Sunday slammed Pakistan at the Asian Parliamentary Assembly meeting in Belgrade after it cited developments in Jammu and Kashmir for its inability to host the group's plenary, and said the country was attempting to politicise the forum by referring to an internal matter of India.

Tharoor, took the floor at the Asian Parliamentary Assembly convened on the sidelines of the Inter-Parliamentary Union annual meet, to deplore a letter from the chairman of the Pakistan Senate which blamed developments in Jammu and Kashmir for the country's inability to host the APA plenary scheduled for December 2019, sources said.

Tharoor hit out at the chairman of the Pakistan Senate, saying he has referred to an internal matter of India to "unnecessarily politicise the APAassembly".

"Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of the Indian Union. There is nothing in the situation in Jammu and Kashmir that in any way affects the living and working conditions in his country, let alone in Islamabad," the former minister of state for external affairs said.

"India's internal matters do not spill over its borders and do not impinge upon our neighbours," Tharoor said.

"In the circumstances, it is unfortunate and strange that he expects this august assembly to accept such a far-fetched excuse for his inability or unwillingness to host the APA plenary in December in 2019," the MP from Thiruvananthapuram said.

Pakistan has tried to raise the Kashmir issue at several multilateral meets, but India has thwarted its efforts.

A parliamentary delegation from India had thwarted Pakistan's attempt to


raise the Kashmir issue at a UNICEF event in Sri Lanka last month, asserting that it was India's internal matter.

India had also scuttled an attempt by Pakistan to raise the Kashmir issue during the South Asian Speakers' Summit in the Maldives, saying Islamabad should put an end to all state support to terrorism , which is the "biggest threat" to humanity.

The Indian parliamentary delegation led by Lok Sabha speaker Om Birla is in Belgrade to attend the 141st assembly of the Inter Parliamentary Union (IPU) to be held in Serbia from October 13 to October 17.

The Indian Parliamentary delegation comprises MPs from across the party lines, including Tharoor, Kanimozhi Karunanidhi, Wansuk Syiem, Ram Kumar Verma and Sambit Patra, the secretariat said.

Welcome to Ruach

Ruach is a joy filled network of house churches whose members love one another and reach out beyond the church to launch new communities of disciples of Jesus.

Our house churches in Sydney's Northern Beaches & Hornsby areas meet in homes or other venues and gather together fortnightly for a combined Sunday morning Celebration service at Allambie Heights. Each Sunday night, Ruach Manly Beach gathers in Manly to provide a space for people to encounter Christ in the context of passionate worship, gospel based teaching and prayer ministry.

We also have house churches operating in the beautiful Southern Highlands south of Sydney.

Ruach (pronounced Roo-ark) is a Hebrew word found in the Bible. It means breath of God and is used in reference to the Holy Spirit. It is


to take her off their list. The person didn’t answer Eloise’s request. All Eloise heard was a click and a dial tone.

Eloise Simpelkins is plain—beginning with her name and continuing with her squat chunky figure, her thick unruly hair, her flat face, her squinty eyes, and her pug nose. But she is very smart.

Years ago Eloise became a pre-cleaning lady for the women of La Mancha, that rich part of town where the streets are winding and the house numbers are hand painted on Spanish tile. It embarrassed the women of La Mancha to have their cleaning ladies see poopy toilets in their husbands’ bathrooms, so Eloise became their pre-cleaning lady. But she became much more. These women ached to reveal their foibles to someone. Eloise was thereown words, ‘make robot calls forever.’”

Egregious clicked off and ran down the hall to the fire safety cabinet. He yanked it open, grabbed a fire ax, ran back and smashed all the robot-call machines.

Then he scribbled, “I quit, Randall,” on a scrap of paper and taped it to the CEO’s office door.

-30-

Dr. Larry Day is a retired KU J-School professor turned humor writer. His book of humor columns, Day Dreaming: Tales from the Fourth Dementia, is available on Amazon. You can also visit his website at www.daydreaming.co


News 2011: Mid-season interview with David Bartrum

August 2nd

As the Airwaves Racing team gear up for the restart of the Dunlop MSA British Touring Car Championship this coming weekend at Snetterton, we catch up with Team Principal David Bartrum and ask him his thoughts on the season so far.

The 2011 BTCC season certainly got off to a great start, how are feeling about the performance of the Airwaves Racing team so far this year?

It's been a great start to this year's campaign. To be leading the Independent Drivers & Teams against some very fierce competition is a testament to the whole of the teams hard work and it's nice for everyone to recognise that. As for Mat, he has been a revelation this year and is very much atsecond half of the season we will achieve positive results.

The Motorbase team had an amazing result at the Nurburgring coming 13th overall and first of all the GB entries, how important was that win for the team?

It was an outstanding win for the whole team. The team has done a fantastic job in improving the car and understanding the new car for exactly what it is. Tim drove very well too, so it was very important and what I will hope will prove to be the springboard required for the second half of the season. It was also very important for us to see Tim go out on a high from the Porsche Carrera cup and what a way to do it at the Nurburgring.


Eden of the East: Complete Series

Akira Takizawa wakes up naked outside the White House with no memories. He's got a gun in one hand, a cell phone in the other, and doesn't know if he's a good guy or one of the worst. He doesn't remember the phone gives him instant access to ten billion yen and a woman who can make his most outlandish requests a reality. He doesn't recall his connection to the ongoing missile attacks terrorizing the Japanese people. Or the part he played in the sudden disappearance of 20,000 shut-ins. He doesn't even remember he's supposed to save Japan and will be murdered if he fails. Whatever it is he's tangled up in, Takizawa's definitely in deep - and that's not even scratching thesurface.

You May Also Like

Akira Takizawa wakes up naked outside the White House with no memories. He's got a gun in one hand, a cell phone in the other, and doesn't know if he's a good guy or one of the worst. He doesn't remember the phone gives him instant access to ten billion yen and a woman who can make his most outlandish requests a reality. He doesn't recall his connection to the ongoing missile attacks terrorizing the Japanese people. Or the part he played in the sudden disappearance of 20,000 shut-ins. He doesn't even remember he's supposed to save Japan and will be murdered if he fails. Whatever it is he's tangled up in, Takizawa's definitely in deep - and that's not even scratching the surface.


the other side of the

crowded dance floor. She walked across the dance floor, spoke with her friends for a few minutes,

and then walked back to Clark and her mother. On this second trip across the dance floor, a man
No. 11-5347
United States v. Clark

whom Stephenson did not know clutched her buttocks. This man was with a large group that

Stephenson did not recognize as being from the town of Paris. She said they also stood out because

“they were like all in a group and everybody else was kind of sprawled out throughout the club.”

       Clark’s trouble began when he confronted the man who had assaulted Stephenson. He told

the man not to touch her. The assailant “didn’t care,” and was immediately joined by the largegroup

of men that accompanied him. They crowded around Clark and Stephenson, and other club patrons

crowded around as well to see what was going on. At this point, Clark realized that he might be in

trouble. As he began to back up, the man put his hand on Clark’s chest, and Clark pushed it away.

In the middle of the verbal exchange between Clark and the assailant, the music in the club went

silent, the house lights were turned on, and the proprietor began ushering people towards the door.

Some of the 17 to 20 men who accompanied the assailant left, but others remained to confront Clark.

Clark was unable to leave because he was surrounded by the men. Stephenson refused to leave

Clark’s side for fear that the men would “jump on him.” Eventually,


the proprietor successfully

ushered Clark and the group of men out the door. Stephenson followed, and as she left saw a man

holding a gun run past her. By the time Stephenson got out of the club, she heard gunshots.

       Once Clark had been ushered outside, he had started to walk toward his car when he saw the

assailant. The man had his hand in his jacket, told his companions to “get the car ready,” and

approached Clark. Correctly assuming that the man had a gun in his jacket, Clark ducked just as the

man shot at him twice. Clark felt the first bullet whiz past his neck and started running toward the

club. As he ducked behind a vehicle, he saw some people running back into theleave the club,

he encountered the club’s DJ, Maurquice Tharpe. Mr. Tharpe lifted his shirt revealing a gun, and

told Clark to take it, which he did. Once outside on the crowded street, he saw the man who had shot

at him. Clark tried to blend in with the crowd, and as he started walking away, was approached by

an acquaintance who tried to usher him out of the area more quickly. That was when the police

arrived.

        Clark was headed toward his car when he was approached by two police officers, including

Officer Jamie James. Officer James had encountered Clark earlier in the evening when he was the

passenger in a vehicle that was the subject of a traffic stop. After the traffic stop, Officer James

discovered that


                                                       -5-
 No. 11-5347
 United States v. Clark

        As for the first factor, Clark presented evidence that he faced an imminent danger of death or

serious injury. He had been threatened by the men and one of them shot at him, after which he ran

back into the club for safety, then left again because he feared being cornered in the club. A jury

could conclude he was reasonably afraidthat he would be assaulted or shot at again by assailants still

in the area.

        Clark has also presented a prima facie showing that he did not recklessly or negligently place

himself in a position where he would have to possess a firearm. He offered testimony that he was

initially forced out of the club, where someone shot at him. He returned to the club to hide, but then

left because he did not feel safe there. The district court held that by leaving the club he was seeking

out trouble. The question is not whether leaving the club was reckless or negligent, but whether Clark

recklessly or negligently placed himself in a situation where he would need to possess a firearm in

order to ensure his own


safety. He did not. In the sequence of events offered by the defense, Clark

did nothing that would reasonably be expected to lead him to require a gun. Neither confronting the

man who assaulted Stephenson, nor Clark’s decision to leave the club in which he felt cornered are

decisions that would normally put a person in mortal danger that would require a gun for protection.

Instead, he needed the gun because he had been fired upon, a situation he did not negligently or

recklessly encounter. Notably, when he left the club with the gun, Clark did not seek out the

assailant, but instead tried to avoid him.

        The third and fourth Singleton elements are related in this case. The third element is that the

defendant had no reasonablehe did: Clark should either

have handed the gun to a friend or thrown it into nearby bushes. However, a jury could reasonably

conclude that while Clark did have an opportunity to safely dispose of the weapon sooner than he did,

he presented a prima facie case that between the moments when the danger ended by the arrival of

the police and when he alerted the police to his possession of the gun, he had no such opportunity.

                                                   IV.


the All-Star break, as they won, 4-3, in overtime. Although Philadelphia is in last place in the Metropolitan Division and 13th in the Eastern Conference standings, the Flyers are just five points behind the eighth playoff spot, as they ready to host the Montreal Canadiens on Tuesday.

1-21-16: .500 hockey has seemingly solidified the Flyers in the lower tier of the Metropolitan division. The team has gone 5-4-1 over their last 10 games and collected 48 points in total over 44 games this season. Over the 19 games remaining at Wells Fargo Center this season the average price for Philadelphia Flyers tickets is $98.60 on the secondary market.

1-13-16: A recent surge has put the Philadelphia Flyers back into the fourth place mix in the Metropolitan Division, trailing the NewJersey Devils by only four points. They’ll look to extend their three-game win streak against the Boston Bruins, New York Rangers and Detroit Red Wings this week.

1-6-16: The Philadelphia Flyers have some ground to make up in the Metropolitan, but have been playing better as of late going 5-4-1 in their last 10 games. This week the Flyers have two games remaining; one on the road against the Minnesota Wild and at home against the New York Islanders.

12-23-15: The Philadelphia Flyers are playing well as they’ve won three out of their last four games heading into the New Year. They won’t play at home until January 5th as they have three straight road games against the Anaheim Ducks, San Jose Sharks and Los Angeles Kings.

12-18-15: It has been


fell in the shootout to San Jose. Steve Mason was excellent in both games, turning aside 34 of 35 against Chicago and making 42 stops against the Sharks. The Flyers are staring at a top-10 pick come June.

3-24-15: The Flyers have nine losses in their last 11 games since the trade deadline ended. Claude Giroux has three goals in two games after going 10 games without a goal. Overall, the Flyers are stuck in sports purgatory. Not quite good enough to make the playoffs, yet not too bad to garner a top selection in the draft.

3-3-15: The Pens are starting to heat up as they have won four straight games and ae outscoring the opposition 18-9. Evgeni Malkin had two goals Sunday against Columbus, including one on thea game tying power-play goal in game two. Despite falling behind by two goals in the first 10 minutes of the game this past Sunday, the Flyers didn’t panic. They fought back, and though they were outshot 33-25 by the Rangers, three second period goals carried the Flyers to a 4-2 win. The series now heads 90 minutes south down I-95, tied one game apiece.

4-14-14: The Flyers backed into the postseason, losing two of their final three games. The lone win came against Pittsburgh. It's easy to forget what a rough start Claude Giroux had to the season. He went 15 games without a goal, picking up a minus-11 rating over that stretch. He finished the season with 28 goals and behind only Sidney Crosby and Ryan Getzlaf


before the break including wins over LA, San Jose, and Colorado. Captain Claude Giroux has six goals and seven assists in his past nine games and should be heading to Sochi to play for Team Canada. Giroux has been one of the best players in the league since December and for Canada to overlook him could prove costly. While he’s a natural center, Giroux can switch over and play the wing.

2-3-14: Last week, the Flyers took their first tentative steps away from an ugly run that had seen them win just two of nine games. The Flyers won two out of three this past week as Steve Mason recorded shutouts against Detroit and Los Angeles. The wins marked the first time since January 8 that Mason had allowedfewer than three goals in a start. The Flyers are right in the thick of things for a playoff spot in the East.

1-27-14: The Flyers have dropped four straight games, with the past three in regulation. They are 2-5-2 in their past nine games. This slump has knocked Philadelphia from a playoff spot, but their solid play over the previous six weeks has them right in the hunt for a wild-card spot. They'll need to improve quickly in order to avoid missing the postseason. Since signing a three-year contract extension last Saturday, Steve Mason has stopped only 64 of 75 shots in three games. He has been pulled from two of those games. Not good.

1-20-14: The Flyers have been one of the NHL's hottest teams for a little


last week including a 5-0 rout of the Ottawa Senators. The Flyers also has an impressive road win over Pittsburgh. The Flyers are now 4-1-2 in their last seven games. Steve Mason stopped 60 of 62 shots he saw last week and continues to be the Flyers best player. His .931 saver percentage is a career best so far.

11-12-13: In what is probably a lost season for the Flyers, Steve Mason continues to be the Flyers best player. The Flyers picked up a point in an overtime loss to the Hurricanes and split two games at home to the Devils and Oilers. One good thing is Claude Giroux finally scored his first goal of the season last Saturday versus Edmonton. The Flyers are always aggressive when it comesby goaltender Steve Mason. The traveled to Long Island and scored a season-high five goals against the Islanders. Vincent Lecavalier scored his first hat trick as a member of the Flyers. He has six points in his last seven games and is now averaging a notch under one point per game. Lecavalier has been a bright spot for a rather dismal Flyers team.


who wanted Kenneth Sanborn’s cell phone number and a “good address”.

With few assets in Aerial’s name, the bankruptcy court converted the case to a Chapter 7 liquidation. Its long journey through the courts did not end until last July, when the trustee reported he had recovered just $224,000 for creditors who were owed millions.

Philippe Martinez surfaced in Los Angeles in the early 1990s, when he started Ulysse Entertainment, a film sales company. But its demise and an investor lawsuit led to a French court convicting him in absentia of fraud.

Philippe Martinez served six months in a French jail in 1999 after spending 14 months in a U.S. detention center for overstaying his visa, according to the Los Angeles Times and other media reports. It was around that timejoint venture plans with the Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) to open a bauxite mine at the pristine Niyamgiri hills in southwestern Orissa.

This 8,500-strong pre-literate community of Dongria Kondh considers Niyamgiri as sacred and is concerned about its material and spiritual survival as a community of the potential negative impact of the mines on its life and livelihood. As the community intensified its protests, Its existential angst has found a universal chord of resonance – ranging from other Adivasi communities in the rest of India to the international admirers of James Cameron’s runaway three-dimension science fiction graphic Avatar.

You may recall that Congress leader Rahul Gandhi too visited the Dongria Kondh twice – in 2008 and 2010 – and declared that he would be the their foot soldier in Delhi.


Following this,India’s Ministry of Environment and Forests decisively rejected the forest clearance for your joint venture mine plans. The Dongria Kondh and their Niyamgiri hills have now taken the battle to the legal arena – by intervening in the ongoing Supreme Court hearing on the OMC’s challenge to the Ministry’s rejection, even as your company awaits the verdict.

Your company has also been in the limelight because of reports of abuses against local Majhi Kondh and Dalit communities in 12 villages around the Lanjigarh alumina refinery on the foothills of Niyamgiri. Members of these communities, who sold their farmlands to the refinery, have been affected due to loss of livelihoods and subjected to hardships due to the impact of its pollution, especially from its two red mud ponds. ThereUpdate: Jones next Sheriff after Klumpp withdraws

Thursday

Apr 26, 2012 at 3:39 PM

The Capital-Journal

Former Topeka Police Chief Ed Klumpp pulled his name from consideration prior to a Thursday night meeting in which a successor was picked to fill the unexpired term of retiring Shawnee County Sheriff Richard Barta.

Jones received 160 of the 212 votes cast at the meeting. There were 51 "no" votes, the only option for people opposed to the only eligible nominated candidate, while one vote was considered provisional over questions whether the rules involved allowed for it to be counted.

In a letter distributed before the meeting, Klumpp said misinformation about his tenure as Topeka police chief had created a negative political climate that would not be good for the Sheriff’s office or the county Republican party.


Klumpp wrote that while he could refute what he called damaging "inaccurate information" that was disseminated, and believed he had the votes on hand to win, he was "not willing to bring the controversy that has been created into the office."

The alleged inaccuracies were contained in a yellow card mailed to precinct committee members.

The retirement of Barta, a Republican, before the expiration of his term left the issue of his replacement to the Shawnee County Republican party leadership. Klumpp and Jones, both Republicans, submitted their names for consideration for the meeting of precinct chairman Thursday at at Highland Park High School. Some 280 Republican precinct committee members were eligible to vote on the recommendation that goes to Gov. Sam Brownback for formal approval.

Capital-Journal reporter Tim Hrenchir is postingShieldhill Castle

Shieldhill Castle is a category B listed building located near Biggar in South Lanarkshire. The building dates back to 1199 and is currently being run as Shieldhill Castle Hotel.

Reported hauntings
A grey lady ghost has been sighted by hotel guests in the corridors of the building. One belief is she was a former occupant of the house who fell for someone of a lower social class. The story goes that she killed herself as a result of her father forbidding their relationship. Additionally a male ghost clothed in a what appears to be butler's uniform has been reported in the hotel's former staff quarters.

Ownership
The Chancellor family resided in the castle for over 750 years. After being sold by the family it was turned into a hotel in 1959.

References

External


system comprising a reformer generating hydrogen from a base fuel to supply a fuel cell with hydrogen, and a hydrogen reservoir connected to a first supply conduit between the reformer and the fuel cell through a second supply conduit, for storing hydrogen from the reformer as assisting hydrogen for the fuel cell, wherein a distributing valve for distributing hydrogen from the reformer to the fuel cell side and the hydrogen reservoir side is provided at a connecting portion of the first and second supply conduits, and the distributing valve is controlled to satisfy an amount of the hydrogen required for the fuel cell and, thus, to supply the hydrogen reservoir with remaining hydrogen.
According to the adoption of the aforementioned system, the hydrogen supply to the fuel cell is'Duck Dynasty's 'Uncle Si' on How to Vet the Presidential Candidates

Mother of First Navy SEAL Killed In Iraq Honors Fellow ‘Gold Star’ Families

A U.S. Navy sailor is under investigation for refusing to stand during the national anthem.

Intelligence Specialist 2nd Class Janaye Ervin, a reservist stationed at Pearl Harbor, posted on Facebook about why she's following in the footsteps of Colin Kaepernick and others who have demonstrated against police brutality during the anthem.

"I feel like a hypocrite singing about the 'land of the free' when I know that only applies to some Americans," she wrote. "I will gladly stand again, when ALL AMERICANS are afforded the same freedom."

Ervin says she lost her security clearance and was threatened with jail by the Navy in response to her actions.

Troops who don’t


appellant, Mario M. Washington, Jr.

Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; M. Todd Ridley, Assistant
Attorney General; Ray Crouch, District Attorney General; and Sarah Wojnarowski,
Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.

                                      OPINION

       On October 4, 2002, the Defendant was convicted of drug-related offenses and
received an effective fourteen-year sentence. The record reflects that the Defendant
signed a community corrections agreement on August 11, 2003, and that he was later
placed on probation. The record does not indicate when the Defendant was transferred
from community corrections towas pretty common knowledge” the
Defendant sold drugs, and that the drug task force had received anonymous telephone
calls “from time to time” stating that the Defendant sold drugs from his home and place
of employment. Detective Ethridge said that he knew the Defendant had previous drug-
related convictions and was on probation.

       Detective Ethridge testified that the drug task force investigated Murray Mitchell
Daniel in March 2014, that Detective Ethridge and other officers performed a probation-
related search of Mr. Daniel’s place of employment and home, and that the officers
seized four ounces of cocaine from the home. Detective Ethridge said that Mr. Daniel
came to his office a few days later and that Mr. Daniel reported purchasing the four
ounces of cocaine from the Defendant and purchasing cocaine at


Best States for Retirement — Louisiana Ranks #2

Remember when every poll that ever came out ranked Louisiana as the "worst" this or the "worst" that? Have you noticed over the past few years that Louisiana is beginning to be ranked among the "best" in all these polls?

Now, we've been ranked among the top places to retire.

Bankrate.com has created a list of the 10 best states to retire and if you think Florida is anywhere to be seen, you are more off-base than you would be in suggesting you skip the early bird special.

Tennessee took the top spot, courtesy of a cost of living that ranks second-lowest in country. It’s also home to good medical care, while also possessing good weather. The downside to the Volunteer State? It hasunderstands, although Brendan Rodgers has been made aware of the player’s burning ambition to end his career in a green and white shirt, the Celtic boss has shown no interest in offering Snodgrass a passage home.

(Image: SNS)

And that has convinced Snodgrass to secure a future elsewhere.

West Brom are also reported to be interested in making an offer when the January window opens for business but West Ham, Boro and Sunderland are understood to be at the front of the queue as they wait to discover if Hull will accept bids for the Scotland international.

The Humberside outfit are anchored to the bottom of the Premier League table with just 17 points from 20 top flight games and owner Assem Allam has been desperately seeking a buyer for the club


Victoria County arranges temporary control tower funding

By
Melissa Crowe
April 4, 2013 at 5 p.m.Updated April 4, 2013 at 11:05 p.m.

State funding will keep Victoria's air traffic control tower open for the next 90 days, but after that, the county could be on its own.

Airport managers and officials representing Texas' 13 control towers, which were axed from the federal budget, met with the Texas Transportation Commission on Thursday morning to hash out a plan to keep the towers open with temporary funding.

The Federal Aviation Administration cut funding to 149 control towers across the U.S. from its budget with the intent to start closing them April 1. Victoria was set to lose its federal funding April 21.

However, safety concerns and the towers' economic impacts fueled many states, including Texas, to findSite Mobile Navigation

Ex-UBS Banker Seeks Billions for Blowing Whistle

Bradley C. Birkenfeld was sentenced to 40 months in prison for helping rich Americans dodge their taxes. Now he is hoping for a bit more — a few billion dollars more.

Mr. Birkenfeld, a former private banker at the Swiss bank UBS, won the enmity of his peers by violating the omerta of Swiss banking: He divulged the tax evasion secrets of UBS, the world’s largest bank by assets, and its well-heeled American clients. As part of a deal with federal prosecutors, he admitted to, among other things, helping to smuggle diamonds in a tube of toothpaste.

Now, as thousands of wealthy Americans seek amnesty for keeping illicit, offshore bank accounts, Mr. Birkenfeld and his lawyers hope to use a new federal


Q:

MySQL: Efficient way computing set powers of Venn-Diagram

Given the 4 tables, each containing items and representing one set, how to get the count of the items in each compartment required to draw a Venn diagram as shown below. The calculation should take place in the MySQL server avoiding transmission of items to the application server.
Example tables:
s1:         s2:         s3:         s4:
+------+    +------+    +------+    +------+
| item |    | item |    | item |    | item |
+------+    +------+    +------+    +------+
| a  +------+
| d    |    | e    |    | e    |    | e    |
+------+    +------+    +------+    +------+
| ...  |    | ...  |    | ...  |    | ...  |

Now, I think I would calculate some set powers. Some examples with I corresponding to s1, II to s2, III to s3 and IV to s4:

If I reinterpret sx as being a set, I would write:

|s1 ∩ s2 ∩ s3 ∩ s4| - the white 25 in the center
|(s1 ∩ s2 ∩ s4) \ s3| - the white


being a 1910 production (available at archive.org) and the other a 1925 affair that starred Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodman. The 1910 film, THE WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ, is about as good as one would expect from such early cinema, whereas the 1925 WIZARD OF OZ film is simply awful in writing, performance and production (Ollie is its only saving grace IMO).

By the way, for you trivia buffs... MGM made the 1939 Oz musical as an attempt to steal thunder from Disney, who was enjoying success with SNOW WHITE. MGM bought the film rights to L. Frank Baum's first book only, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" and Disney grabbed the rights to the remaining twelve (yes, L. Frank Baum wrote thirteen Oz books and stories continue toJerry Talks Back

Controversial talk show host Jerry Springer gave the Commencement address to the School of Law's 2008 graduates last May, despite the objections of some students. Here's an edited transcript.

Forty years ago this week I sat where you now do, degree in hand, the prestige of this great law school on my résumé and, perhaps immodestly, a real sense of achievement in my heart, but no sense of what my future would be or if in fact there would even be one.

Please understand, I was not alone in my uncertainty — for this was 1968, and America was unraveling.

Our cities were burning, and Vietnam was beckoning. Martin Luther King Jr. had just been assassinated, Bobby Kennedy was about to be, and within a few months and a


Gratispool was
arguably the first, and certainly the most famous, of the UK
photographic film processing companies that dealt directly with
the public via mail order. In various guises they operated from
the early 1930s through to the early 1980s, whereafter the company
was sold to a succession of new owners over the next 20years,
during which time the Gratispool brand name disappeared. Increasing
competition from High Street colour printing facilities, and
ultimately the digital era, lead to the demise of what had once
been a substantial international organisation.I must thank Farquhar McKenzie, a former Gratispool
emloyee, for providing much of the information on the post-1981
dissolution of the previous Gratispool 'empire'. The early history
of Gratispool, through to the 1970s, has come to me from Martin
and Richard Stead,
and Michael Adler and Suzanne Lipschitz (née Adler), all
being offspring of Gratispool'sbut inevitably contains
some speculation.

Geoffrey
William Stead and Edrei Francis were married in Bradford on 4th
March 1931. Geoffrey Stead had trained as a pharmacist in Bradford,
and Edrei had worked in Leeds as manageress of the Jerome photographic studio. On their wedding
certificate both have their professions recorded as 'photographers',
and Edreis father, Jack Francis, is also understood to
have been a photographer. Geoffrey's two younger brothers, Stanley
and Harry (maybe inspired by Geoffrey), both ran photographic
studios, Stanley at Kendal (in Cumbria) and Harry in prestigious
Bond St., London. The brothers were both competent photographers,
being particularly good at photographing children. Harry Stead
made a name for himself in London as a gifted child photographer
and had opportunity to photograph the Royal Family. In 1949, Harry
had "workrooms" overlooking "The Tea Kettle"
tea rooms in Highgate High Street, London N6 (Ref:


AP. 7th June
1961), at the junction with Bisham Gardens.

The picture alongside was taken
by Harry Stead in 1947.

It is of a young Ernest Harris
who says (February 2015) "Thanks to your excellent site
I have been able to identify the 'Harry Stead' who took photos
of me as a child.
I knew the name because he signed one of the pictures. The date
would have been about 1947 when we lived in Highgate, which I
see was where he had his Studio.
My mother always said he was a 'Royal photographer', so it was
good to learn there was truth in that claim".

One of the two witnesses at
the wedding between Geoffrey Stead and Edrei Francis was Norman
Bernard Adler. This is an important fact, as it shows a close
early association between them at a time when few otherfacts
exist. Norman Adler is understood to have also had a knowledge
of photography and to have already (by then) studied the technology
during a visit to Kodak's Rochester Plant in New York.

Shortly after their marriage,
Geoffrey and Edrei (and possibly Norman) started Geoffrey's Studio,
in Boar Lane, Leeds. The Studio produced portraits for their
studio customers, with a 'side-line' of also accepting films
'over-the-counter' for developing & printing (d&p). Film
processing may have been Norman's input to the business, since
he is believed to have been a practical technologist while Geoffrey
and Edrei were more business minded. The synergism between them
all would have been a powerful combination in a business that
required both customer acumen and also a good grasp of the technical
process.

Since the Studio would have
supplied its finished portraits as postcard size prints (Edrei would
have been acquainted


of Directors' names below the company logo)
is apparently writing to himself at his home, at 2 Moor Allerton
Way, Leeds.

The reason for this letter
is probably that Norman was a keen philatelist and was sending
himself a first day 'cover' with an envelope bearing the 3-Kings
stamp (George V, Edward VIII and George VI) and / or
the stamp issued on 13th May celebrating the Coronation
of George VI on 12th May 1937.

Geoffrey Stead
as a young man

In an attempt to expand custom
for "The PC Developing and Printing Company", the Directors
tried offering d&p services to chemists shops (chemists were
synonymous with photography at that time, due to their involvement
with the supply and use of chemicals), only to find that many
refused, because they were concerned that once they started offering
postcard size prints to their customers, at theinvestment.

Anecdotally, an
incident when one of the radio shops went bankrupt, owing the
Steads and Norman Adler a substantial sum of money, prompted
the thought to return to trading directly with the public, rather
than awaiting payment via retailers. Geoffrey Stead, who is believed
was the 'business man', with Norman Adler being more practically
inclined, talked about getting his money 'up-front', by running
his business on 'Other People's Money (OPM, as he termed it).
So Geoffrey decided to try direct marketing via mail order, using
newspaper advertisements, a novel strategy at the time for the
photographic processing trade.

The
subsequent course of action which finally led to the formation
of the Gratispool company is uncertain. The print envelope shown
alongside dates to October 1935, showing how the name Gratispool
was in use by that time, and no doubt earlier.

Norman Adler is understood
to have


visited South Africa during the early 1930s (maybe 1934)
where the word Gratis in Afrikaans is equivalent to "for free". It is
anecdotally thought, therefore, that he brought back with him
the idea for a free film service called Gratispool. However,
it is also possible that he just coined the name Gratispool,
with the business idea having already been mutually agreed with
his partners before his trip. By whatever route, the Gratispool
idea began (maybe experimentally at first) by advertising the
supply of a free (black & white) film with each returned
set of prints. Initially an order had to be for more than 1s/10d
(9p) to qualify = price of developing & printing an 8 exposure
film. This new service operated from the postal address of 37 Isles Lane, Leeds.
The Gratispool company was formally registered (incorporated)
in London on30th August 1938.

When Gratispool was 'incorporated',
it took over, as a going concern, the business of the PC Developing
and Printing Company including all and any of the assets and
liabilities there, including all the rights and property in the
registered Trade Mark 'Gratispool'. The directors were listed
as Geoffrey Stead, Norman Adler and Edrei Stead. It had a registered
share capital of 15 thousand pounds with shares divided equally
between the three directors. The registered address of the company
was given as Bond Street Chambers, Tyrrel Street, Bradford.

Having
given away a free film, Gratispool ensured it was returned for
processing by using a low cost type which produced opaque paper
negatives rather than conventional transparent celluloid ones.

It is believed Gratispool purchased
their light sensitised 'fast' bromide paper negative 'film' material
from Criterion, a company based at the Arclight Works of


E.N.Mason
& Sons, Ltd, Colchester (formed in 1905). At some later date, post-World
War II, it is understood to have come from Kodak. Later still,
around the mid-1960s, Gratispool black & white film became
a conventional celluloid type, printable by transmitted light.

The bulk sensitised paper was
made up into roll film 'spools', by hand. Although the 'spools'
could be developed by most anyone using normal film developer
etc. the resulting 'paper' negatives had to be printed by Gratispool's
own purpose designed reflected light enlargers (Richard Stead
recalls that his father's reflected light enlargers used 1000watt
bulbs).

Hence, because of the opaque
negatives, once you had taken pictures on a Gratispool 'free'
film, you became 'locked into' using Gratispool's services thereafter,
since (virtually) only they could print your negatives. Fortunately,
Gratispool gave a good service and a huge number of people were
happy using the'paper based' free film, knowing they would receive
low cost postcard sized prints.

Gratispool worked successfully
from their Leeds premises for several years and the operation
grew to employ over 300 people. Meanwhile, Norman Adler married
Annette Isaacs in Sunderland in 1936 and they bought a house
in Moor Allerton Way, Leeds.

By the latter 1930s, it is
believed at least three companies were in existence, being Geoffery's
Modern Studios Ltd, The PC Developing and Printing Company and
also the fledgling Gratispool.

As the business grew it became
time to expand elsewhere. A survey of Gratispool's customers
showed a disproportionate number came from Glasgow, so it was
decided to open new premises in that city. These were found at
207 William Street, Glasgow, C3. Later it was discovered that
the customer sample was statistically 'skewed' because it was
taken during the Glasgow Fair Holiday (last


two weeks in July).
However, it proved to be a good move since there was an abundant
supply of female labour in Glasgow ~ low cost in those days of
wage inequality. There was ready employment for men in the Clyde
shipyards, but such hard physical work was considered unsuited
to female labour. The opposite situation applied in Leeds, where
many women worked in the woollen mills and Gratispool had to
mainly employ men.

The picture alongside, courtesy
of Michael Adler and the records he found at Company House, is
the reverse side of a postcard photograph produced by Geoffrey's
Modern Studios Ltd, in 1941.Notice
that the original Geoffrey's Studio has flourished and three
further branches are now (in 1941) in existence, in Huddersfield,
York and (not unexpectedly) Glasgow.

War time would no doubt have
brought an additional demand for photographs, as husbands and
boyfriendswent overseas in the Forces and left their wives and
sweethearts behind. A photograph to remind each of their loved
one would have created good trade for a photographic studio at
a time when it was still comparatively rare for 'ordinary' members
of the public to own a camera.

As a consequence
of their customer survey, the Stead family relocated to Glasgow,
leaving the Leeds premises in the hands of Norman Adler. The
date when the Stead family relocated to Glasgow is uncertain,
but it seemingly occurred prior to 1938. Norman's son Michael
was born in Leeds during March 1938, so one could speculate that
Michael's pending birth may have had some influence on Norman
and his wife being happy to stay behind in Leeds. Norman continued
to run the Leeds based businesses for a further 10 years or so,
in conjunction


with his factory manager Ernest Carlson. Unfortunately,
towards the end of the 1940s a fire destroyed their major site
at Low Hall Mills, during winter maintenance work.

These print envelopes
confirm the date of the Leeds fire which led to the closure of
the Gratispool premises. The green & orange print envelopes
are dated 18th Dec 1946 (green) and 10th Oct 1947 (orange) and
both have the two Gratispool addresses i.e. William St,
Glasgow C3 and Holbeck, Leeds 11. However, the blue envelope,
dated 15th June 1949, has just the William Street, Glasgow C3
address; the Leeds premises have ceased to exist. This confirms
Michael Adler's recollection of hearing the news of the fire
from his father in December 1947. Michael was then aged 9, at
school in Brighton.

Norman had not been in the
best of health for some time and thefire was 'the last straw'
which prompted him to emigrate, with his wife and children (daughter
Sue was born in 1942), to South Africa. Norman and his wife already
had an association with South Africa, having met on-board ship
during Norman's first trip to South Africa around 1934. His wife's
parents and her two brothers were already in South Africa, having
emigrated some years previous.

Norman and his family left
the UK in May 1948 and arrived in S.Africa on the 'Cape Town
Castle' on 10th June 1948.

Gratispool Africa (Proprietary) Limited ~ the Adler family.

The UK winter from late January to
mid March 1947 was very severe and may well have encouraged
Norman to seek a better climate for the sake of his health. Fortunately,
Norman's health recovered in South Africa, after a thyroid problem
was discovered which had been over-looked


in the UK.

Before Norman emigrated to
South Africa he reached an amicable arrangement with the Steads,
who were by then expanding the Gratispool business within Glasgow,
such that Gratispool (within the UK) subsequently came under
sole ownership of the Steads.

On
his arrival in S.Africa, Norman set up Gratispool Africa (Proprietary)
Limited, which was incorporated according to the Companies Act
of South Africa on the thirtieth (30th) day of September 1948,
signed by the Registrar of Companies, Pretoria. This business
initially operated out of 48 Caledon Street, Cape Town.
Later it moved to Castle Street, Cape Town, where it thrived
until 1974. Apart from operating a
'paper film' based portrait studio business, Norman also offered
a mail order 'Free Film Services' developing & printing service.
This might explain the address of PO Box 6.877, Johannesburg,
being the return address for the SA Gratispool filmshown
below, though Michael Adler and his sister Sue Lipschitz
have no knowledge of their father having Johannesbury business
connections.

The
photograph shown left is the Adler family in Cape Town in 1957;
Norman, Suzanne, Anita and Michael.

Referring to his father's business
at Caledon Street, Michael Adler recalls: "There were three
floors with the post being opened each morning (sacks of post
in large post office bags) on the ground floor and developing
on the top floor, with printing on the floor between. I remember
the huge developing tanks and the smell of the chemicals. The
opening of the post was most important. It came from all over
Africa and we used to keep the stamps" (this is further
evidence of Norman's interest in philately, see above, the '3-Kings'
stamp and 1st Day Cover).

"Supplies of materials
for films came from England so that a


free (paper negative) film
could be returned for every one received. I remember the large
wooden printing machines and the powerful lights. Dad sent for
Ernest Carlson from England after a few years - he had been his
factory manager in England. At one stage there was a trolley
bus with Gratispool adverts. In the mid-1950s colour photography
started with special paper and many chemicals. It seemed very
complicated and in order to keep up, Dad sent me (Michael) to
Johannesburg in 1957 to study the process at the Kodak factory.
Before that, he used to very carefully colour some of the pictures
by hand and I still have his magnifying glass on my desk."

"The S.African Government
passed the Population Registration Act in 1950 and this
required that everyone had to be photographed for an identity
document. Dad was very busyat this time and I remember going
with him on some of his trips - to Robben Island, to Port Elizabeth
and to Riversdale. He had a lovely Leica camera. I went on the
back of a moped to Riversdale with a woman photographer who was
going to assist him."

"In the 1950s Norman went
into partnership with Mr Hutch, a German who lived in Bishopscourt.
The business was called Le Portrait and there was a Studio in
Queen Victoria Street."

Alongside is a photograph of
the Adler (and Lipschitz) family, in April 1973. Norman and his
wife Anita are in the centre, with Sue in the lower right.

Sue says "All three girls
are Michael's and all three boys are mine".

Michael is believed to have
been taking the photograph, as neither he, nor his wife Eve,
are included.

Gratispool
in Glasgow ~ the Stead


family

Leaving Norman Adler and his
family in S.Africa, the story returns to the UK, where Geoffrey
& Edrei Stead, with their growing family, are now living
and working in Glasgow.

By 1938 the Gratispool name was gaining recognition
in Glasgow by virtue of the Steads taking advantage of the advertising
potential of the 1938 Empire Exhibition, Scotland (unofficially
known as the British Empire Exhibition, Glasgow). This exhibition
ran from May 3rd to October 24th 1938 at Bellahouston Park, Glasgow
and covered 175 acres. An advert (my thanks to Stuart Neville
for this Flickr link) tells how Gratispool had two kiosks at
this exhibition, Kiosk A & Kiosk B, where visitors could
leave their films for developing & printing. "Developing
6d (2.5p). Each print 2d (1p) (each print a GLOSSY POSTCARD)",
"... we will supply you with an ultra-rapid 8-exposure film
for further Exhibitionphotographs, free of charge." "Amateur
Photographers should read the correct exposure for all films
at the Gratispool Kiosks where constant readings on a photoelectric
meter will keep you right."

This photograph shows Geoffrey
Stead and his wife Edrei on the occasion of their Golden Wedding
anniversary in 1981 (they were married in March 1931).

Surrounding Geoffrey &
Edrei, from the left and in order of age from the youngest, are
Sylvia, Nigel, Richard, Martin and Peter (now deceased). They
all worked for Gratispool and its associated companies, though
Peter spent most of his life in South America in the meat business.

The developing & printing
(d&p) trade was sluggish during the war, but portrait studios
were very busy taking pictures of Servicemen in their uniforms;
also taking pictures of wives, families and sweethearts for the
servicemen to carry with them.

Geoffrey Stead purchased two
such studios


in Glasgow and these employed some of his laboratory
staff at a time of low d&p demand. Some others of the staff
were kept busy at the newly occupied William Street premises
making siren suits (meaning overalls to be put on
over pyjamas in the event of sirens warning of the need to go
into air raid shelters), lampshades, ladies handbags etc until
the raw materials dried up.

There were also government
contracts; the Leeds premises (many years before the fire) made
uniforms, while at Glasgow they made gas mask cases, shirts &
pyjamas. An activity of national importance, but very specialised,
was the making of microfilms of files and important papers.

Geoffrey was able to further
diversify by returning to his pharmaceutical origins, manufacturing
Flouride toothpaste (he was ahead of his time in this and had
to put a warning on thetubes to say flourine was a poison) and
vitamin-enriched chocolate, which you could buy without a ration
book. He also sold aspirins and other pills under the trade name
Naxan, a name he was very proud to have invented because it read
the same backwards and forwards. A family joke was that it should
have been NoxoN, as that way it would have been the same upside
down as well! Geoffrey also purchased the City Steam Laundry
in Govan (Martin still has a big laundry basket from there) and
he dabbled, with his cousin Jack Ferrari, in surplus army goods.
There were so many company ventures at that time that, when Geoffrey
was away in the Army, Edrei used to say she was left with 14
businesses to run. Martin suspects there is some exaggeration
in this claim, but it


shows the diversification Geoffrey Stead
established at a time when d&p was slack.

Shortly after the start
of WWII, Edrei was
looking after 6 children, 3 boys of her own, 1 girl refugee from
the Spanish Civil War and 2 evacuees. The evacuees eventually
returned to their homes, but with Geoffrey in the Army, the 2
elder Stead children and the Spanish girl (Felisa) went to boarding
school so that Edrei, albeit with Richard still only a toddler,
could have opportunity to manage the business. Felisa was a few
years older than the 2 elder Stead children and so also spent
time working in Geoffrey's studios in Glasgow. Its believed she
hand coloured some of the portraits.

The picture alongside has the
text "Glasgow Geoffreys" hand written directly onto
the mount below the picture (the area of writing has had its
contrast enhanced hereto make it more legible). It is quite
possible this print came from one of Geoffrey Stead's portrait
studios in Glasgow.

David Muir, who sent me this
image, tells me the couple were married in South Africa in early
1944 but the lady is as known to have never been to Glasgow.
Hence, the writing on the mount of this print is something of
a mystery.

The author has suggested that
perhaps it was taken by Norman Adler in one of his South African
studios. Possibly he had to send it to Glasgow for processing.
Since Norman was also using Gratispool's paper based film, if
his printing equipment failed he could only have had prints made
by sending the negatives to Gratispool in Glasgow. Alternatively,
maybe he was overwhelmed with work and couldn't cope with all
his processing requirements and again needed to


the word 'Flash', the flash operator fires the flash bulb.
On the word 'Close' the camera operator closes the shutter.

"The above method can
be adopted anywhere, indoors or out, when the light is poor."

By summer 1954 Gratispool were operating from both
their 207 William Street, Glasgow C3 premises and their new premises
at 12 St.Margaret's Place, Glasgow C1 (see pictures below).
Of the 2 print envelopes shown here, both date from June 1954.
The red envelope is from William St while the magenta envelope
is from St.Margaret's Place.

The William Street premises
were later demolished during construction of the M8 motorway
(1960s) and the Hilton hotel (1 William Street) now sits more
or less on the site occupied by Gratispool's William St. premises.The St Margarets Place building
has also since been demolished.

The
photograph to the left was taken by David Duncanduring the 1970s.
It shows the Gratispool processing laboratory at 12, St Margaret's
Place, Glasgow. David Duncan (Assistant Production Manager in
1974) worked in the Gratispool laboratories from April 1968
to August 1981.

He tells me this building was
vacated in 1979 & film processing moved approximately 3 miles
west to Clydeholm Road in the Whiteinch area. The Clydeholm premises
were a former ship building works of 2 storeys and had a large
clear area that allowed easier supervision and better production
flow (rather than the labyrinth at St Margaret's Place).

Alan Frame tells me it was
"...just behind the Glasgow High Court with Paddys Market just behind their building".Today, the plot of land where
the Gratispool building once stood is just a small carpark.

To the extreme left hand edge
of David Duncan's picture can be seen a clock tower which I


believe
is the Merchant's Steeple.

Also, see same in picture below.

A wonderful street view towards the
Gratispool building, Glasgow, looking up Greendyke Street. Taken
during the 1970s judging from the cars (notice the post-1971
Morris Marina 2-door Coupé turning left into Saltmarket).

Alongside is the St.Margaret's
Place building, but boarded up by the mid-1980s. Picture from
the same website as above, by 'Joe the Tug'.

A similar street view to the above
(albeit taken with a wider angle, shorter focal length, lens).

It was downloaded from Google
street view and must date to around 2010.

The Gratispool building has
gone and the space is now a small car park.

By 1960, Gratispool became involved with colour
photography, advertising a 'Colour Club' which specialised in
the supply and processing of Kodak Ektachrome film (E-2 process,
32ASA) transparency (reversal) films. Including a replacement
Ektachrome film, processing a 20 exposureelectrolyte leakage. Since electrolyte
is highly corrosive sulphuric acid, uncontained leakage could
seriously weaken the pressure hull of a submarine.) With Ektachrome
being a colour film it had to be processed in total darkness,
without the benefit of a safe-light. Since this precluded a visible
clock, the girls who did Ektachrome processing had to work all
day in the silent dark, except for Martin's recorded voice saying;
"Put the new frame in the first tank......now!" "Take
the frame from the fourth tank and put it in the next......now!"
ad infinitum. It took Martin several evenings at home to perfect
this, because there were maybe three or four frames going through
at any one time and the time in each tank was different. In order
to work to a single set of instructions, and depending upon how
many films were being processed,


siren suits, above).

In 1961, the Gratispool Co. Ltd. acquired sole
rights for the supply and processing of Dynachrome colour transparency
film in the UK and rebranded it 'Gratispool'. The US Dynacolor
Corporation (Rochester, New York) first marketed Dynachrome,
(unusually, a non-substantive reversal film, as is Kodachrome)
in the USA from 1959 (previously the company had marketed a film
called Dynacolor from 1949). Dynachrome shared the same K11 Kodak
developing process as the early Kodachrome (Kodachrome II, introduced
in 1961 - but not easily available in the UK until 1962)
- used a new Kodak process called K12, which itself was replaced
by the K14
process in 1974. Martin recalls that the formulation for
the K11 process was given to Gratispool by Dynachrome, whose
founders had all worked previously for Kodak. He comments "Kodak
may not have been relaxed about it, but theanti-trust laws in
the US stopped them from doing anything about it. By that stage,
they might as well make some money and keep tabs on our progress
by selling us (and Dynacolor) the wherewithal to do it."

With Kodak moving over to the
K12 process, they may have felt they were not losing much if
others used the previous K11 process.

By
late spring 1962 Gratispool
were advertising their Gratispool (née Dynachrome) 8mm
colour cine film priced at 19/11d (near £1), which included
processing and another 'free' film. Although not stated in their
adverts it is understood the cine film was originally 10ASA and
stayed 10ASA until Gratispool 2 (II) was introduced in April
1964. There had always been a shop at the St Margaret's Place
processing laboratory, taking orders and also selling simple
cameras, so when their 8mm cine film went on


sale, Gratispool
started to sell movie cameras and complete cine kits, to create
a market for the film. These sold amazingly well such that Gratispool
next opened a shop in Queen St, in the shopping area of Glasgow,
and considerably widened their range of equipment. The story
behind Gratispool's move into selling cine equipment can be read
in Bill Kerr's account
of working as the Scottish Regional Salesman for Mayfair Photographic
Suppliers (London) Ltd. during 1962-64.

The 32ASA Kodak Ektachrome
colour transparency film processing & mounting service had
increased slightly in cost (since 1960) to 18/9d (94p), including
another Ektachrome 20exp. 35mm film. The roll film price remained
at 15/6d = 77.5p.

Until 1963 Gratispool imported its US Dynachrome
film in 8mm cine size only and returned it to Dynacolor for processing.
However, from 1963 Gratispool also imported the film in bulk
rolls which could1963, the price has risen to 10/-
(50p) for the first film !

For two years from April
1963 Gratispool supplied Dynachrome films, cine and still,
in special packing at process-paid prices, to Dixons Photographic
Ltd. Dixons retailed the films under its own brand name of 'Prinzcolor'
at process-paid prices which it was free to fix, and processing
was carried out by Gratispool. Although Dixons were the first
company to whom Gratispool packaged private label film, there
were others. Reader's Digest was one of the biggest. Martin Stead
recalls visiting their office to see if they had any good ideas
that could be copied in Gratispool's customer relations department.
All he can remember is that they had about a dozen secretaries
in the department and each had a four tier in-tray. Bottom was
for enquiries, up one for minor complaints, up two


since 1st May 1963). By spring 1966, Gratispool
were using Kodak's new E4 process for all Ektachrome processing,
though it's believed to have been in partial use before that
date. This was made possible by the installation "of
the latest, most advanced and expensive, REFREMA processing plant". The trade
name Refrema stands for REidl FRemkalde (developing) MAchines;
their first was build in 1948. In the 1960s Refrema was a manufacturer
of batch processing equipment - continuous processing appeared
later with 126 films being pre-spliced into batches of about
70 films (to match the length of colour paper roll). The practical
difference between E2 and E4 was that E2 required the film to
receive a second exposure to light during its processing. E4
processing avoided this by including chemical reversal (using
an additive to the colour developer called tertiary butylamine
borane). Eventually (mayberelating to
Gratispool is contained on the Directfoto web site. Directfoto is a Guernsey
based technology retail shop, offering both digital and conventional
film processing. It is run by John Houslip, the son of Ron Houslip
(Ron Houslip died in early August 2008).

Ron Houslip wrote a two part
account of the story behind 'Gratispool' within the magazine
'Photographic Processor' (Part 1 is in the December 1979 issue,
pages 282 & 283). The following text in italics indicates
where I have extracted (and part edited) paragraphs from that
article.

Ron Houslip, Managing Director,
Free Film Service, Maidenhead, 1974

"The major
film at that time (1963)
was Kodacolor, so Gratispool made efforts to solicit colour negative
processing by advertisements
which offered a free replacement Kodacolor film with each set
of pictures.
Although successful, the scope of such an activity was necessarily
limited by the economic impracticality of offering a


free Kodak
colour film as an advertising lead. The situation changed in
1965when 3M, who by this time
had taken over Ferranla (in 1964), made available a private label
colour negative film (NM64). A deal was struck with Nestlé
to offer a range of colour films free with Nescafé Instant
Coffee. The brand chosen for the films was named 'International',
and the range of free films on offer included 35mm & 8mm
reversal colour and colour negative. This was the first free
colour film premium offer made in the UK if not in the world.
Once again Gratispool set a pattern which many were to follow.
Incidentally, the processing laboratory registered for the Nescafé
film was 'International Color Laboratories Ltd.'
The Nestlé free film premium was soon followed by the
first-ever processing premium. Unilever's Tree-Top orange squash
was the vehicle and the offerwas discounted processing of Kodacolor
film with a free Kodacolor film with the pictures".

Gratispool
1963 prices for Kodacolor d&p significantly under-cut
Kodak's own to the extent that the replacement film was effectively
'free' to customers of Gratispool's service.

In
April 1964, Gratispool
introduced their Gratispool 2 colour transparency film (also
referred to as Gratispool II, maybe initially as Type X, to correspond
with Kodak's use of the suffix 'X' on various of their films,
post-1963) "NOW arriving from the USA", an improved
version of the previous Dynachrome. It was rated at 25ASA instead
of the previous 10ASA. The name Gratispool II was posssibly inspired
by the earlier upgrading of Kodachrome to Kodachrome II (which
first arrived around 1962 in the UK). Whether Gratispool then
introduced the new K12 process (as used for Kodachrome II) is
unknown.

Gratispool
2 was available in 36exp. 35mm cassettes and 8mm


for some years thereafter. They introduced
the Pen EF, a fully auto design with built in flash, in November
1981.]

3rd June 1964 edition of Amateur Photographer shows
possibly the start of Gratispool's move into selling photographic
equipment, instead of just film rocessing. There is an advertisement
(p123) for the Maximus 8mm IIIE compact, auto-control, direct
viewing zoom movie camera at £49.19s.6d or, as a complete
kit, including a "super, reliable, quiet running projector,
30insx40ins glass beaded tripod mounted roll-up screen, film
splicer, holdall, comedy film and two Gratispoool colour movie
films, all for £50guineas (£50.50s = £52.10s
= £52.50p). In the 2nd September issue, Gratispool are
advertising another cine camera "Unsaleable at £60,
the world's best buy at £12.19s.6d". This is the Pentaka
8B from Carl Zeiss Jena, Dresden. Clockwork driven, with
fixed Zeiss Biotar f2 lens, this camera dates from 1960 andlens projector (forward, reverse and still picture) at 35guineas
(£36.75p).

~ 1967

By January
1967 (AP magazine 4th
January) a Gratispool advert shows that, apart from the St.Maragret's
Place and 66 Queen Street stores (Glasgow) there were Gratispool
photo' equipment Centres at 67 High St, Paisley and 10 Martineau
Way, Birmingham. These Photocentres later increased to include
Leeds (38 Lands Lane), Edinburgh (65 Home Street),
Maidenhead (82 King Street) and Reading (27 Queen Victoria
Street).

Malcolm Drew worked at the
Gratispool shop at 10 Martineau Way, Birmingham, for a short
time in 1967. He took a series of photographs on 1st April 1967
using a Nikon Photomic loaded with Ilford HP4 film. He has montaged
these still pictures of the shop and its staff, together with
a short length of video (taken around the same time), and this
is viewable on YouTube using this
link.

May 1967 'Photography'