out of them all the time... putting cornflakes in their bed and... just japes, daft, stupid things." "Yeah, but she used to get so wound up, you know." "There was one night, I remember, they had a glass pane in the door." "And we'd been taking the piss out of them... throwing beer at them while they were in bed or something... you know, something daft." "Annik come fucking chased us out, and we ran in our flat, hold the door shut... and she was fucking kicking the door with her... with her dressing gown on." "Yeah, like a fucking bloke would do, you know." "It was horrible." "I thought that was a horrible time." "Ian had Debbie on his case because... and Hook had Iris on histhan "Unknown Pleasures", songs are better, everything..." "you know..." "He was a good laugh most of the time." "The only thing that sort of was sad about it was Ian's illness, but he hid that so well most of the time." "I remember talking to him one night." "Ian was saying to me that, um..." "doing this album felt very strange because he felt that all his words were writing themselves." "And that he'd always in the past struggled to complete a song, like, he'd have to start." "We'd all struggle to complete it." "But he just thought the whole song straight off." "And..." "But he said, at the same time, he had this terrible claustrophobic feeling that he was in a whirlpool of being drowning, and he


was being pulled down in this whirlpool." "He was always recording on his own, you know." "The group would be recording the music at a different time." "The image I would have in mind was Ian was very tired and very, very quiet." "And every time he would sing, he would turn his back... and put his hand on his head or on his eyes." "And he was turned around from the others, just to be in himself." "All the lyrics on the CD are really depressing and sad." "And it's surprising nobody would pay attention." "We never really talked about his lyrics." "But we never really listened to his lyrics that much." "It's only years on, when you see them wrote down... when Debbie published them." "Iwent, "Oh, it's Ian." "He's killed himself"." "And that was it, then." "That was..." "you know, the shock of it." "It was really weird." "Horrible." "When he first tried to commit suicide, when he took the overdose, it was a complete surprise." "In fact, when he actually did commit suicide, and Rob told me," "I said, "What, he's tried it again?" "You know, I can't believe it." "He's tried it again"." "And he said, "No, he has." "He's dead"." "I was, like, "What, he's tried it"." "He said, "No, he's dead." "He's done it"." "Everything there seems a blur after that, really, you know." "Just spent most of the time in the pub, spent most of the time together, all of us." "Me, Twinny, Terry, Barney, we'd all


Ian might have known." "I suppose that's something we'll never find out." "But, you know, it was just pure chemistry, four people." "And it was easy." "It was easy, writing those songs, playing that well." "It was easy." "It only got difficult when he died." "The revolution that Joy Division created and were at the heart of and inspired many other people to take part in, of not differentiating between dance and rock, has resulted in this modern city, and what was the original modern city becoming, again, a modern city." "The vibrancy of the city, the expectations of the city, all those things are the legacy of Joy Division." "I think what they managed to do had a kind of truth to it... that has sustained throughHard Choices

Condoleezza Rice on Her Worst Year—and the Iraq Surge

November 03, 2011

Tensions around Iraq had reached a fever pitch around 2006. It might have been the worst year of my professional career. It was a year in which Hamas won parliamentary elections [in the Palestinian territories]. You had the war in Lebanon. You had Iraq coming apart and the first sense that Afghanistan was not going particularly well. Obviously, what we were doing in Iraq was not working. I had taken a trip there in October—what I saw called into question the Iraqis’ commitment to their own multiconfessional future. In a sense, I felt I had to really hold out and not back the surge until I felt comfortable we were going to be doing something different. Just


plaintiff appeared at the hearing on July 20, 1971 but as plaintiff's counsel asserts, "was unable to make her position clear" since she was not represented by counsel. Following the hearing, a letter issued July 21st from the Housing and Redevelopment Authority notifying plaintiff to vacate the premises no later than August 31, 1971. Subsequently Mr. Friedman referred the plaintiff to the Legal Aid Society in Duluth, which Society assigned a law student, then employed to work with the Society, to represent plaintiff and appear for her before the Housing *645 and Redevelopment Authority. Another hearing date was obtained. The plaintiff however was out of the City at the time of the re-scheduled hearing, and the representative of the Legal Aid Society being unable to reach her, andwith Israeli settlements in the Palestinian territories benefit from and contribute to an unlawful system that violates the rights of Palestinians.

According to Peace Now, settlement plans in the West Bank have increased since the beginning of 2017, when President Donald Trump, a key ally of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, was inaugurated as president of the United States.

According to Palestinian figures, more than 700,000 Jewish settlers now live on 196 settlements (built with Israeli government approval) and more than 200 settler outposts (built without its approval) across the occupied West Bank.

International law views the West Bank and East Jerusalem as occupied territories and considers all Jewish settlements on the land to be illegal. They are also viewed as major obstacles in peace efforts as they are built on


1988, the facility was closed by the Department of Health of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  C.S. Associates' unsecured creditors' committee presented a plan of reorganization which called for the sale of the facility;  however, this effort failed because, prior to the confirmation of the plan, the facility was repeatedly and severely vandalized from late September through December, 1989.  On April 18, 1990, pursuant to a motion filed by the United States Trustee, the bankruptcy court ordered the debtor's case converted to a case under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code.  Thereafter, Mitchell W. Miller was appointed Chapter 7 Trustee for the debtor.

5
During the pendency of C.S. Associates' Chapter 7 proceeding, the City of Philadelphia filed two proofs of claim for post-petition administrative real estateAshes 2013: Mickey Arthur's pride in Ashes victory despite sacking

An emotional Mickey Arthur has defended his coaching record while expressing pride in Australia for winning back the Ashes. The decision to sack Arthur and replace him with Darren Lehmann just three weeks before the previous series in England was a drastic one, but Cricket Australia boss James Sutherland believes the subsequent revival has proven it was the right thing to do.

Sutherland has worn a grim expression for much of a difficult year, never taking his eye off the bigger picture even when he was criticised over the Test team's slide to the middle of the rankings.

The Tonk: 'Phenomenal Australia'

But he allowed himself a beaming smile the morning after Michael Clarke's team wrapped up the Ashes in Perth.

Sutherland said


Day crowd of between 85,000 and 90,000 even though though it's a dead rubber.

Sutherland always had the support of the Cricket Australia board - chairman Wally Edwards raised eyebrows when he said the chief executive would keep his job even if Australia were thrashed 5-0 - but Howard said before the Ashes his own job was on the line this summer. There have been no discussions yet about a contract renewal for the former rugby international, who was appointed as a result of the Argus report, but the swift turnaround has shored up his job.

Howard has taken a step back from the team this summer, and was in Brisbane planning for the rest of the Test series and beyond when Johnson took the last England wicket at theWACA Ground.

Sutherland paid tribute to Howard's role in Australia's revival. ''He has done an amazing job over the two years he's been in cricket. He has continued to push on. He is hungry for Australian cricket to have success in all formats, men and women.''


BLEACHERS BREW EST. MAY 2006

Someone asked me how my blog and newspaper column came to be titled "Bleachers Brew". It's like this, it's an amalgam of sorts of two things: The bleachers area in the stadium/arena where I used to sit when I would watch baseball, football, and basketball games and Miles Davis' great jazz album Bitches Brew. That's how it got culled together. I originally planned on calling it "The View from the Big Chair" that is a nod to Tears For Fear's second album, Songs from the Big Chair. So there.

Sunday, February 24, 2013

The simple definition of a
midfielder is the field player who mans the middle of the field and serves as a
link to the defense and the offense.

The traditional #10, as
quoted by Gonzalez, plays thejust as adept at scoring as he is creating opportunities for
his teammates.”

In my opinion, the
midfielder is possibly the most important player on the pitch (perhaps on the
same level as a terrific goalkeeper). The way I look at a midfielder is the way
I look at a point guard. Someone who creates, dictates the flow.

Someone like Cesc Fabregas
(when he was with Arsenal), Xavi or Iniesta of Barcelona, Mesut Ozil of Real
Madrid, Kaka when he was with AC Milan, or Juan Roman Riquelme formerly with Boca Juniors.
These players are creators.

Stallion head coach Ernie
Nierras has a unique take on this as he utilizes three central mids (their
Korean players) all who are not only interchangeable but can all put the ball
into play. Said Nierras, “The pass is can spell the difference between a


Younghusband and Mark Hartmann on the same line is like listening to a
symphony.

Matthew Hartmann is another revelation. He didn’t
look impressive in his initial run with Loyola but in all three matches for
Loyola thus far he has been superb. I believe his one-year away from the game,
he watched and learned a lot. The suspension has turned him into a better
footballer.

Their Korean players – Byeong Yeol Jeong, Park Minho,
and Jang Wo Jong (including his younger brother) have terrific football sense.
The Sparks have built a smart football team. And to think that James
Younghusband isn’t 100% owing to an injury.

But at the center of their offense is Mark Hartmann
who makes a lot of things happen.

I wonder why our clubs – Global, Loyola, Kaya, and
Stallion -- have great ball movement but that cannottimes champions because of
it (while having astute and skilled playmakers) then imitation is the sincerest
form of flattery.

And in the UFL, the football action just got a whole
lot better.

We have the players who can help us win glory on the
pitch. Let’s hope that others realize that.

Posted by
Rick Olivares

2 comments:

Mark Hartmann plays very well when he's motivated. And boy, he's definitely motivated. He's playing with a chip on his shoulder. I guess the exclusion of Hartmann from the NT pool will only make him work harder. Maybe there are some underlying issues with the NT coach. In the past i think he thought he was entitled to a spot and didn't work that hard. He relied on talent. When the ball was taken away from him, he used to clamor


few other sports, interior design, and lifestyle magazines as well. Most recently, I was the editor-in-chief of PBA Life, the Official Lifestyle Magazine of the Philippine Basketball Association as well as Season 40 edition of Hardcourt, the season-in-review.

My blog, Bleachers' Brew, serves as a hub for many of my writings (but not all as there are some that are exclusive).

When I have free time, I listen to my collection of over 5,000 CDs, read, watch DVDs, or walk my dog around the subdivision.

Liverpool FC

My all-time favorite football team. I bleed Liverpool Red.

Books in my collection: Mad World

CDs in my collection: Movin' Up Movin' On

A compilation of some of the best underground punk rock bands in the Philippines.Ewing and relying on contributions from Larry Johnson, Latrell Sprewell, and Allan Houston, as well as a newly acquired Marcus Camby, the Knicks were able to keep pace with the Heat and after Houston hit a shot with 0.8 seconds remaining in Game 5 of that series, the Knicks were victorious and became the second team in NBA history after the Denver Nuggets to win a playoff series as the #8 seed. The Nuggets were led by Dikembe Mutombo in that series, a center who now was playing for the Atlanta Hawks, the Knicks' next opponent. Although the center from Zaire guaranteed a victory, the Knicks won in a four-game sweep to set up a matchup with the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Conference Finals.

Ewing could not continue


achieve reproduction of the fine pattern of the photomask on the substrate with full precision despite the above mentioned several improvements in relation to the instruments undoubtedly facilitating fine working.
It is noteworthy that the flatness or degree of levelling on the surface of the substrate as a base of the semiconductor integrated circuit is not always high enough due to the unavoidable presence of several types of roughness and difference in levels. The ruggedness or difference in levels on the substrate surface is one of the major causes having adverse influences on the uniformity of thickness of the resist film provided on the surface with localized variations in the film thickness which is larger in the recessed areas than in the raised areas. Consequently, it is usual thatPeg's Neighborhood. While Cleopatra is visiting Peg, her camel wanders off in search of a comfortable climate. Peg and Cat search the neighborhood with a giant thermometer to find him. The Einstein Problem - The Mega Mall. When Cat gets lost in the mall, Peg and her pal Al (Albert Einstein) track him down with the help of a metronome, many equations, and a surprise appearance by Marie Curie.

Upcoming Broadcasts:

The Mega Mall Problem - The Mega Mall. Peg and Cat search the enormous Mega Mall for the teens so they can all enter the Zebra Guy dance contest. Primary Content: Attributes of objects; Secondary Content: Maps. The Cleopatra Problem - Ancient Egypt. When Peg and Cat are playing marbles among the pyramids with Queen Cleopatra, Peg's marble is


a bizarre triangular universe The Breeze in the Branches - Idyllic glade. The Toad brings Peg and Cat to the forest where he grew up and introduces him to his old friends, and his old patterns.

Upcoming Broadcasts:

The Ring Problem - Giant land. When the Giant drops the diamond ring he's about to give Giantess, it bounces into a pipe. He needs his very small friends Peg and Cat to get it back. The Wedding Problem - Giant land. When Peg and Cat are chosen to organize the Giants' wedding, they must get the twelve steps for a giant wedding in just the right order.

TV Technical Issues

TV – Transmitter Status

UPDATE: Audio has been restored, please report any issues! If you’re still experiencing audio issues, you may need to rescan
your0 of 5

Brett Carlsen/Getty Images

As the Pittsburgh Steelers seem to fall apart in front of our eyes, star running back Le'Veon Bell continues his holdout. ESPN's Adam Schefter reported the team is listening to trade offers for the 26-year-old running back.

Following a 2013 rookie season in which he posted strong numbers (over 1,200 yards from scrimmage), Bell broke out with a season of 2,215 yards from scrimmage that put him on the map as an elite runner.

With five seasons and almost 8,000 yards from scrimmage under his belt, there is no doubt that Bell is one of the best running backs in the game. The Steelers don't want to pay him as such, though, opting instead to get younger at the position with James Conner while using the


low intelligence, Fry is very kind-hearted, as he often goes out of his way to help his friends, even if he is sometimes oblivious to their problems. He tolerates all of his friends' quirks and is notable as the only staff member who accepts the ship's doctor, Zoidberg. Although at times lacking in self-awareness, Fry always tries to do the right thing and fix his mistakes. Fry has shown remarkable skill playing video games, (even mastering the 31st-century's version on the Internet), and in "Bender Should Not Be Allowed on TV" is seen successfully playing a game despite not looking at the screen. This skill carries over to using Planet Express Ship's laser gun. Fry has also exhibited remarkable bravery and self-sacrifice on occasion and has even displayedthe postage and the classification of the mail. With this prior art, however, only the weight is measured as physical information on a piece of mail, but the shape or size, which is one of elements determining the postage, is not measured. The operator is still required to judge and enter the kind of mail (standard-size mail, nonstandard-size mail, etc.) from the keyboard. Furthermore, only the necessary postage for the measured weight is displayed. The apparatus is not constructed so as to detect the postal indicia on a piece of mail, for example, the postal indicia of a postage stamp or an indicia by a postage meter or to automatically classify a piece of mail on the basis of the detection result.
Therefore, with such a conventional apparatus, the


Former royal butler Paul Burrell is in the headlines again, this time for "going public" with a new set of revelations concerning the break-up of Prince Charles' marriage to the late Diana, Princess of Wales.

As well as publishing letters written from the princess to himself, Burrell has included in his book letters written by Prince Philip to his former daughter-in-law as the marriage disintegrated in the early 1990s.

The Palace has been sent a copy of Mr Burrell's new book, which goes on sale next week, so it can consider legal implications. The Daily Mirror has been serialising excerpts from it this week.

But who owns a letter once it has been sent? Can the Palace lawyers do anything to stop the book being published?

DAILY MIRROR'S FRONT PAGE

Palace studying Burrellbook

The ownership of the letter, as opposed to the words, is with the person it was sent to. The princess would have owned the letters sent to her by Prince Philip. After she died, they would normally have passed to her estate - Mr Burrell claims he was given them by Diana.

The words in the letters, however, remain the "property" of Prince Philip. He retains copyright in the same way that while you own the books on your shelf, the authors still own the words.

The copyright in the words written by Diana would, in principle, be owned by her estate, and would continue to do so until 70 years after her death.

As far as Prince Philip's words are concerned the publishers of Mr Burrell's book will undoubtedly be


they could again force an injunction.

On the face of it, this would be a strong challenge. Personal letters are by their nature confidential. The fact Philip allegedly signed them "With fondest love, Pa" adds to sense of the intimacy.

Spouse's exception?

But "this is not an absolute" says Ms Ward. The acrimonious divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in the 1960s, established that letters between spouses were a special case, and strict confidence was implied.

But in the Diana case, the letters are from her father-in-law.

The only sure-fire way of ensuring secrecy otherwise is with the words "private and confidential", but Prince Philip is not thought to have included this caveat in his letters.

At best for the Palace, it is a grey area. After the collapse last year ofThe Major League Baseball cap, one of the last player-worn articles free of its manufacturer logo, will be adding the New Era flag beginning with the upcoming 2016 Postseason.

In a call with SportsLogos.Net, MLB confirmed that the New Era logo will appear on the left side of every player’s in-game ball cap once the Postseason gets underway, you’ll see it on-field for the first time on Tuesday, October 4th during the American League Wildcard game and again every game thereafter.

MLB’s longtime deal with New Era was amended to include the on-field exposure of their “flag” logo, the deal extends into the 2017 regular season and applies for all thirty teams which yes, includes the New York Yankees who are the only team excluded from wearing a Majestic Athletic


Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown transformed public school funding in California, it’s nearly impossible to tell where money meant to help the most vulnerable student populations in San Diego Unified is going.

In 2013, the state started to give more money to school districts – particularly those with higher numbers of impoverished students, English-learners and homeless and foster youth – to help close California’s achievement gap. It also gave local districts more flexibility on how to spend the money.

Before, much of the money that flowed to districts arrived in classrooms with prescribed uses, leaving schools and districts with little discretion in how to spend funds.

Advocates, parents and school districts maintain that the change was a step in the right direction. But it remains difficult to gauge exactly whatdistrict and not by individual schools – and roughly 60 percent of those are district-centralized programs and positions.

When a district has more than 55 percent of students who fall into a disadvantaged category – San Diego Unified has 62 percent – the state allows it to make districtwide expenditures to benefit those students.

The district said it uses the funds to “support districtwide services such as the visual and performing arts, lower class sizes, positive behavioral interventions and support, restorative justice practices, health and wellness support and services, social and emotional services, and so on.”

But some of the money accounted for in the central office is still concentrated in high-needs school sites, the district said. For example, certain positions on the central office payroll may travel to multiple schools,


innertube in the tire on the wheel at the service station where he was employed.
The defendant XYZ was stricken as a party by appellee.
The trial court gave the affirmative charge in favor of defendant Grogan, which action is not questioned on this appeal.
Appellee received his injuries while working as a repairman at an automobile service station in Talladega when he was placing air in a tire (with innertube) mounted on a metal wheel of a small boat trailer. The trailer was brought to the service station by defendant Grogan to have the tire checked for a leak. In order to remove the tire for checking, it was necessary to disassemble the wheel, which was made of die cast aluminum, consisting of two halves joined together with six removablebolts. The wheel was off the axle when appellee started working on the tire. He removed the six bolts, thus permitting the separation of the two halves of the wheel and the removal of the tire and innertube for checking. Grease covered the surfaces of the halves on the sides where they joined. Since the wheel had not been *884 disassembled prior to this time, it is apparent that the grease was there when the wheel was originally assembled. In addition to the six bolt holes, there were on each half of the wheel two "projections" and two "depressions," also referred to in the testimony as "pimples" and "dimples," their purpose being to prevent the two halves from slipping when bolted together by having the "projections" on one


half fit in the "depressions" on the other half. From an examination of a new wheel like the one involved in this suit, which was introduced in evidence and sent up for our inspection, it is apparent that the six bolt holes in the two halves of the wheel can be matched up without the "projections" being matched with the "depressions." From an examination of the fractured or exploded wheel, also sent up for our examination, and the other evidence, it is apparent that the "projections" were not matched with the "depressions" when the wheel was reassembled by appellee. No instructions were on the wheel as to the manner of assembling it, nor was there any warning of any danger in assembling it and inflating a tire mountedHe also gave affirmative answers to the following questions: "Did all the holes match up? Did these little projecting things in there (indicating), were those things together?" After reassembling the wheel with the tire mounted on it, appellee applied the air hose to the valve stem of the innertube and then placed his finger over the valve stem. The wheel then exploded, causing appellee's injury.
The trailer was purchased by one James Hilyer from Sears' retail store in Sylacauga in September, 1953. He sold it to defendant Grogan in the spring of 1955. Hilyer and Grogan had used the trailer frequently, Hilyer having driven it some three to five thousand miles and Grogan from two to three thousand miles. It had been driven at various speeds and over all


kinds of roads before the mishap on July 30, 1956. As already noted, the wheel had not been taken apart since its purchase from Sears.
Sears purchased the trailer from Dunbar Kapple, Inc., and sold it under its trade name "Elgin." The wheels on the trailer were purchased by Dunbar Kapple from Kamin Die Casting & Manufacturing Company, located in Chicago.
A decisive question in the case concerns the liability of Sears as the retailer of the trailer (of which the exploded wheel was a part) which Sears sold under its trade name "Elgin." This is the first time we have had such a situation before us. However, we have had occasion to deal with the so-called "manufacturers' liability doctrine" as expounded by Judge Cardozo in the celebrated case ofleft an air space between the two halves of the wheel; that the fracture of the wheel resulted from the pressure in tightening the bolts, thereby causing the "projections" to be forced against the flat surfaces of the two halves rather than being inserted in the "depressions"; that the halves of the wheel were fractured in the reassembling process; and that, in such condition, the pressure of the air placed in the tire caused the explosion.
It is insisted by Sears that the evidence shows that appellee knew how to assemble *886 the wheel and, in failing to match the "projections" and the "depressions," was guilty of contributory negligence so as to deny to him a right to recover even though there should be a finding of Sears' negligence.


Fluctuating Climate May Impede Fleeing Animals

Gabilan Mountains Slender Salamander, one of 15 species included in a study that looked at the paths open to species whose habitat was shifting in response to climate change.

Credit: Chris Brown, USGS

Climate change is expected to send many species on one-way migrations in search of new homes as their old ranges become inhospitable. Whether or not they can survive this century depends a great deal on what happens along the route, a new study has shown.

Scientists looked at 15 species of amphibians in the western United States, which they estimated travel about 15 miles (24 kilometers) per decade, following suitable habitat.

Using computer modeling, they found that the fickle nature of climate change, which can cause fluctuations in local conditions rather than steady change,could interfere.

None of the 15 species of frogs, salamanders and toads is currently endangered. However, when the year 2100 arrived under the simulation, eight species would be extinct or, at best, endangered. However, the outcome for the individual species wasn't the point of the study, according to Dov Sax, one of the researchers and an ecologist at Brown University. [Album: Bizarre Frogs, Lizards and Salamanders]

The coastal giant salamander was among the 15 species whose habitable territory was mapped out to 2100. The researchers found that fluctuations in climate in coming decades could prevent many species from reaching habitable territory.

Credit: Chris Brown, USGS

"Our paper is not trying to make predictions about the fate of individual species," Sax said, explaining that it was intended to examine how species' ranges shift


to new, suitable habitat, which they could not reach on their own, according to Sax.

While conservationists have attempted this practice, called assisted migration, it's controversial, because it calls to mind the damage done by invasive species, which flourish outside their native ranges after humans relocate them.

While the findings focused on the more conservative greenhouse gas-emissions scenario, their analysis showed that the more extreme scenario could result in a larger area of suitable habitat opening up, but that these new areas were often more difficult to reach, according to Regan Early, also a study researcher and a postdoctoral fellow at the Universidade de Évora in Portugal.

Their work appeared online in the journal Ecology Letters on Wednesday (Sept. 28).

Wynne was a reporter at The Stamford Advocate. She has interned at
550 F.Supp. 556 (1982)
FORMS, INC.
v.
AMERICAN STANDARD, INC.
Civ. A. No. 81-4933.
United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania.
November 4, 1982.
J.D. Barsky, Sharlyn Cohen, Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiff.
Steven Friedman, Daniel Ryan, III, Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant.

MEMORANDUM
NEWCOMER, District Judge.
This is a contract action over which the Court has diversity jurisdiction. The Court has before it cross-motions for summary judgment on American Standard's counterclaim against Forms.
The contract in question concerns the sale of an unincorporated division of American Standard to Forms. Under the agreement the purchase price was to be adjusted after the closing date of the contract. This adjustment resulted from the fact that the sale of the division was effective on December 31, 1979 but the actual operation of the division was not to be taken over by Forms until March 12,


This is VISUP, dedicated to exploring the vast Fortean realms of mind control, deep politics, sacred geometry, onomatology and synchronicity; occult film and music; the supernatural, the extraterrestrial and the multi-dimensional; high weirdness in all its many forms

Friday, December 9, 2016

Welcome to the fourth installment in my examination of the origins of the Patriot movement. In the first installment I briefly considered the longstanding ties between super patriot groups and the US intelligence community, which began in earnest during World War I. General Ralph Van Deman, the so-called father of military intelligence, was the chief architect of the nation's industrial security apparatus, which sought to combine the efforts of government intelligence-gathering organizations (i.e. the FBI and the various branches of military intelligence) along with private intelligence networks, some"Overworld" (i.e. the American Legion, private detective firms, corporate security divisions, etc), some fringe groups (i.e. the American Protective League, the Church League, the American Coalition of Patriotic Societies, etc).

General Ralph Van Deman

The objective of this operation was to ensure that "subversives" (which were increasingly defined as liberals in general as the years went by) were ferreted out of industries deemed vital to the nation's security. Thus, the blacklist was born. This tradition was carried on by organizations such as the American Security Council (ASC) in the post-World War II era, as I noted before here.

As I wrapped up the first installment I introduced several of the former high ranking military officers (more than a few of whom had a background in military intelligence) who were instrumental in


establishing the modern day Patriot ideology after WWII. I also introduced the three primary strands of the Patriot movement, namely the Liberty Lobby, the John Birch Society, and the Posse Comitatus varieties.

Colonel Wickliffe Preston Draper, who preferred to be addressed as Colonel Draper, or simply the Colonel, throughout his civilian life

As I was wrapping up the third installment I introduced the organization that was most likely behind both the John Birch Society and the Posse Comitatus, namely the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (SOSJ), Knights of Malta, sometimes referred to as the Shickshinny Knights of Malta. The SOSJ was a secret society that did indeed claim descent from the Medieval Knights Hospitallers, but via the Russian line of succession. While these claims are highly tenuous thegroup seems to have long been used as an intelligence front.

It's long time Grand Master, Charles Pichel, was linked to Nazi intelligence in the 1930s and an alleged member of the Order, "Count" Cherep-Spiridovich, was indicted on sedition charges along with Silver Shirt founder William Dudley Pelley in 1942. After WWII the Order received an influx of former high ranking military men, more than a few of them with backgrounds in intelligence.

The most powerful of these individuals was General Charles Willoughby, General Douglas MacArthur's long time chief of intelligence. In the wake of WWII Willoughby became involved in the recovery of Golden Lilly funds (the looted gold and other precious materials Imperial Japan had accumulated during the war) as well as establishing close ties with yakuza chief Yoshio


Kodama. Willoughby would also become involved in wet works (beatings, blackmail, assassinations, etc) in Japan after the war that frequently involved death squads comprised of both US and Japanese soldiers as well as the yakuza itself. Willoughby's suppression of leftists in Japan was so complete that the far right Liberal Democratic Party (of which Kodama was the chief force behind for decades) has been the nation's ruling party almost exclusively since 1955.

General Charles Willoughby, whose men referred to him as "Sir Charles" due to his aristocratical manner

Willoughby also seems to have played a major role in establishing the Civil Air Transport/Air America drug trafficking network as well. Another individual closely involved in this escapade, Admiral Charles Cooke, was also a member of the Sovereign Order of Saint John.All of this was discussed in the third installment of this series.

Admiral Charles Cooke

With that out of the way, let us move along to the JBS and the Posse Comitatus. I shall begin with the Birchers. First, a bit about the JBS's official background and its role within the framework of the Cold War to the "Overworld" Establishment (for indeed, it was very much a tool of the Cold War national security state).

"At a time when the U.S. government was formally committed to fighting communism, yet appeared to many observers incapable of doing so, the John Birch Society gave its members an outlet to express their grievances and a compelling, explanatory world view that made sense of contemporary affairs. The Society's conspiracy theories cast even respectable public figures


as the puppets of powerful 'Insiders' lurking behind both communism and capitalism. The Society's bizarre ideology and aggressive use of massive letter writing campaigns led critics to characterize Birchers as 'extremists' and supposedly antiestablishment 'radicals.' But while the Society positioned itself as oppositional in relation to elected administrations, its actual program was prototypically both right-wing and state-supportive. The Society supported those government agencies charged with enforcing law and order and global U.S. military supremacy while it opposed government efforts to regulate business, promote civil rights, and provide welfare services.

"John Birch was a Baptist missionary and an air force intelligence operative during World War II. Ten days after the war ended, Birch was killed by Chinese Communists, and thus earned folk hero status as the first casualty of 'WorldWar III.' Among John Birch's admirers was Robert Welch, a retired candy manufacturer and former director of the National Association of Manufacturers. Before he arrived at the idea of starting the John Birch Society, Welch began making a name for himself by distrusting his own anticommunist writings. Among these was his 1954 manuscript called The Politician, in which Welch called President Eisenhower a conscious agent of the 'communist conspiracy.' (It was not until public exposure of The Politician in 1960 that Welch's conspiracy theories propelled the young John Birch Society into the limelight of controversy.) Welch inaugurated the Society in December 1958 when he invited a group of business associates to spend two days listening to his theories and battle plans. The transcript of Welch's monologue was published


as The Blue Book, which became required reading for new members of John Birch chapters starting in 1959."

It's interesting to note that John Birch, the missionary and Air Force intelligence officer (the Air Force was still under the control of the Army at this point, as was its intelligence service), served under General Claire Chennault, the famed leader of the Flying Tigers mercenary force and one of the figures involved in the founding of Civil Air Transports/Air America.

General Claire Chennault

"Incidentally," the birch tree itself seems to have held some kind of significance to the SS. According to John Bevilaqua in his JFK -The Final Solution Waffen SS men paid respects to recently interred fallen comrades by placing crossed birch branches over their grave site. Further Wewelsburg, the Medievalcastle that became the headquarters of the SS, was apparently located in the region where the apocalyptic saga of "The Battle at the Birch Tree" took place. Himmler was reportedly aware of this legend. In some accounts his interruption was shaped by occultist Karl Maria Wiligut (alias Weisthor), who believed that the legend foresaw the SS as a bulwark against forces from the East.

"The impetus for this changing conception of the Wewelsburg came almost certainly from Weisthor, who had accompanied Himmler on his visits to the castle. Weisthor predicted that the castle was destined to become a magical German stronghold in a future conflict between Europe and Asia. This idea was based on old Westphalian legend, which had found romantic expression in a 19th century poem. This described


an old shepherd's vision of a 'Battle at the Birchtree' in which an enormous army from the East would finally be beaten back by the West. Weisthor brought this legend to Himmler's notice, claiming that the Wewelsburg was the 'bastion' against which this 'new Hun invasion' would be broken in the fulfillment of the old prophecy. Karl Wolff, Chief Adjutant of the Personal Staff, recalled that Himmler was very moved by Weisthor's idea, which squared with his own notion of the SS's future role in the defense of Europe in a coming East-West confrontation which he expected in one to two hundred years time. While it cannot be definitely proved that Weisthor influenced the choice of the Wewelsburg in late 1933, his interpretation of the legend and otherdiscussions with Himmler contributed importantly to the new conception of the Wewelsburg as an SS order-castle from 1935 onwards."

(The Occult Roots of Nazism, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, pgs. 186-187)

the interior of Wewelsburg

So, the John Birch Society label could be an allusion to both military intelligence and the SS --both of which would certainly be consistent with the narrative I'm unfolding. And of course the John Birch Society certainly saw itself as a bulwark against the "new Hun invasion" from the East, i.e. Soviet Communism.

With that out of the way, let us know focus in on the intelligence aspects of the JBS. The JBS as an intelligence operation was not especially evident during the first two decades of the group, when it chiefly focused upon propaganda that perpetuated communist subversion hysteria


and reinforced the Cold War national security state. However, there was much membership overlap between the JBS and the American Security Council (as I noted before here), which was deeply involved in industrial security, specifically blacklisting, up until the 1970s. At that point their was something of a public backlash against private intelligence gathering and organizations such as the ASC and Wackenhut (which was along affiliated with the ASC) began to back away from such pursuits.

But the far right was still obsessed with the need to blacklist "subversives" and by the late 1970s more fringe groups got in the private intelligence/blacklisting racket. One of the most prominent was the John Birch Society, via an organization known as Western Goals Foundation.

"Operating out of a quaint townhouse in Alexandria, Virginia'scolonial Old Town, Western Goals seeks to keep track of 'subversives' in the United States. It was the brainchild of Representative John P. McDonald, the late chairman of the John Birch Society, who once described Martin Luther King, Jr., as a man 'wedded to violence.' Until his death aboard Korean Air Line flight 007 in September 1983, McDonald watched Western Goals grow dramatically. Today, Western Goals carries on its business; the martyred McDonald's office within the townhouse is preserved as something of a shrine. To his fellow ultra-rights, McDonald was 'the first victim of World War Three.'

"Established in 1979, Western Goals brought together a whole range of rightists who lamented the passing of domestic surveillance of 'subversives.' Among its primary sponsors are Nelson Bunker Hunt, the Texas billionaire


who made an unsuccessful bid to corner the international silver market in 1982. On the advisory board are General Singlaub and another member of the United States Council of World Freedom, Anthony Kubek. In Western Goals they are in the company of conservative congressmen (Bob Stump, R-Arizona, and Philip Crane, R-Illinois), retired high-ranking military officers (Admiral Thomas Moorer, General Raymond Davis, General Lewis Walt, and General George S. Patton III) and such McCarthy-era luminaries as redbaiting lawyer Roy Cohn.

"Western Goals is open about its mission: it seeks a return to the internal surveillance practices of the 1950s. One of its 'documentary' films, The Subversion Factor, details the internal security problems that in their view have beset the United States since the late 1950s. It also operates a weeklyamong the New Right; from a modest budget in 1980, revenues increased over 500 percent the following year. According to the Goal's own records, 29 percent of this came from foundations, with another 14 percent from corporations/ By 1983, it had an operating budget of nearly a half-million dollars."

(Inside the League, Scott & Jon Anderson, pgs. 155-156)

It's entirely possible that a good chunk of the funding for Western Goals also came from off-the-books sources as well, as shall be examined in just a moment. First, two quick points need to be made about the above quote: the longtime JBS chairman and founder of Western Goals was actually named Larry P. McDonald, and not John. Otherwise everything else the Anderson bros wrote about McDonald is correct, including the patron


saint-like status he occupies in the modern day Patriot movement. In fairness, McDonald's death was bizarre: He died on 1 September 1983 when a flight he was on, Korean Air Lines (KAL) 007, crossed into Soviet airspace near Moneron Island. Officially he and all other passengers were killed when the plane went down but rumors have persisted (largely among the Birchers and like organizations) that were were survivors, including McDonald.

Representative Larry P. McDonald

The number of the flight, 007, is especially curious. Besides being the number of James Bond, it was also reportedly what Elizabethan magician and spy John Dee signed his correspondences with when he was plying the latter trade. Naturally the conspiratorial right has long seen McDonald's death as the work of the Communist-Masonic conspiracy and indeedOne of the Foundation's chief public backers, Nelson Bunker Hunt, was the son of H.L. Hunt, the longtime patron of Charles Willoughby who was also involved in the Civil Air Transport/Air America shenanigans as chronicled the prior installment of this series.

Another official backer was a wealthy publisher.

"Henry Regnery and Bunker Hunt funded Western Goals, an organization that is now dead. Western Goals reportedly compiled lists of people judged subversive..."

(The Nazi Hydra in America, Glen Yeadon & John Hawkins, pg. 224)

Henry Regnery

Regnery was of course the founder of Regnery Publishing, a company long involved in producing far right tomes. Regnery was also deeply involved with the American Security Council, as I noted before here.

There were other JBS affiliates who became involved in the Western Goals intelligence apparatus, most notably


the Freemen Institute.

"W. Cleon Skousen, a former Salt Lake City chief of police and a former agent of the FBI, authored The Naked Communist, which became a classic in Birchist circles. In 1971 Skousen opened the Freemen Institute, a Mormon-staffed political think tank that worked closely with the Birch Society through the latter's affiliated Western Goals Foundation. Headed by U.S. Representative and John Bitch national chair Larry McDonald, Western Goals was publicly exposed in the 1980s as an illegal intelligence gathering operation."

(Roads to Dominion, Sara Diamond, pg. 168)

Skousen is of course another long time darling of the JBS and the conspiratorial right in general, having been the author of The Naked Capitalist, its selective quoting of Tragedy and Hope being the only access much of the public hadto Quigley's notorious history for many years. Skousen's involvement in far right causes began when he became the field director of the American Security Council's investigative unit in the mid-1950s. Charles Willoughby was of course a member of the American Security Council as was the Sovereign Order of Saint John, which was a part of the ASC's Coalition for Peace Through Strength.

Cleon

Skousen left the ASC in 1960 for the JBS where he seems to have performed similar services for the JBS via his Freemen Institute that he had earlier performed for the ASC just as the Council was moving out of private intelligence gathering for PR reasons.

And here, a decade later, are Cleon and other staples like Larry McDonald engaged in an intelligence gathering operation that was meant


to fill the gap left by the dismantling of the House of Un-American Activities and precede with noble endeavor of blacklisting "subversives" (i.e. anyone to the left of the JBS). This says more about the JBS's curious concept of "freedom" than this researcher could ever put into words.

But even more curious is a possible source of funding for the Western Goals Foundation: the Golden Lilly gold bullion. This revelation was made by Robert Curtis, a former banker who founded a successful mining and refining business in Sparks, Nevada. In the mid-1970s Curtis became aware of the Golden Lilly and began to investigate several sites in the Philippines. It was at this point that he was approached by the JBS, who offered Curtis funding to recover some of thegold.

"The Birch Society was started in 1958 by a group of wealthy businessmen and far right politicians convinced that every closet in America contained communists, Jews, wetbacks, Afro-Americans, liberals and homosexuals. The Birchers were also dedicated gold and silver bugs. They had a longstanding grudge against U.S. presidents, starting with FDR, who had intervened to make private ownership of gold in America a crime, with penalties of heavy fines, confiscation and imprisonment. They also believed that Nixon had sold the United States down the river twice --first by taking America off the gold standard, second by his recognition of Red China. On the other hand, Nixon's actions made it possible for the first time since 1933 for Americans to purchase and own gold legally. So Nixon opened up


avenues for the Birch leadership to acquire gold overseas, and sneak it into America through the back door of Canada, where it added to the Society's fund for anti-communist activities. Like other ultra-conservative groups in America... the Birchers had a long-term strategy to create their own right-wing vigilante force. Not something crude like Hitler's Brown Shirts or the Gestapo. More like a private FBI, assisted by elite private military forces. This would cost money, hence the need for large amounts of privately held gold.

"Although he was a conservative, and a patriot, Curtis was not a Bircher. But he shared their fascination with precious metals. Once he joined the Marcos gold hunt, Curtis told the Birch Society board confidentially about the hidden Japanese loot. He described his role inthe Leber Group, and his participation with Marcos in sanctifying the god, and in finding discreet channels to market it.

"Curtis did not realize that the inner circle of the Birch leadership already knew about the Santa Romana recoveries, and the roe Robert B. Anderson and John J. McCoy in setting up the Black Eagle Trust. They also knew about the roles of Generals MacArthur, Whitney and Willoughby in the M-Fund, and all the financial manipulations in postwar Tokyo. They knew this because one of the founding members of the Birch Society was Colonel Laurence Bunker, a humorless fellow who had succeeded General Bonner Fellers on MacArthur's personal staff in Tokyo. Bunker became MacArthur's chief aide and spokesmen in Tokyo from 1946-1951 --the years of witch-hunting in Japan that


made the McCarthy witch-hunts in America look bland.

"The Birch Society money men who arranged the loan for Curtis were Washington State senator Floyd Paxton and his son Jerry, who ran Kwi Lok Corporation, makers of the ubiquitous plastic clips used to close plastic bags in supermarkets. Another participant, Curtis said, was Jerry Adams of Atlanta, head of the Great American Silver Corporation, a precious metals company associated with the Hunt brothers. Curtis said he was informed by Congressman McDonald and Robert Welch that the loan for Curtis to work with Marcos had been 'cleared' by them personally. They told Curtis he was to deal directly with multi-millionaire Samuel Jay Agnew, who sat on the national council of the Birch Society.

"They agreed to give Curtis three loans totaling $375,000to cover his expenses in the Philippines. These loans were unsecured except for a promise from Curtis of 22.2 percent of his Leber share, and a 10 percent share in his Bataan refinery near the eel farm"

(The Gold Warriors, Sterling & Peggy Seagrave, pgs. 174-175)

recovered Golden Lilly treasure

Unfortunately for Curtis he was double crossed shortly after arriving in the Philippines by the nation's president, Ferdinand Marcos, who blocked Curtis from the sites he had planned to excavate. After a time he was sued by the JBS to recover the money they had loaned him even as the Birchers were making their own deal with Marcos.

"Jay Agnew of the John Birch Society took Curtis to court to recover the money loaned to him through the Commonwealth Packaging. Curtis was


unable to repay because Marcos now had bankrupted him, with Birch Society help. A Marcos family source source told us that before they sued Curtis, the Birchers already had made a deal with Marcos to market the $20-billion in gold they originally intended to get through Curtis, so the Birch board of directors achieved all they originally sought. The Agnew lawsuit against Curtis, we were told, were a price demanded by Marcos to clinch the deal...

"The FBI, which previously took no interest in Curtis, now ordered an investigation. The Bureau did not seek to indict the Agnews for their part in the scheme, which was to sell the black gold in the Bahamas and smuggle the proceeds into America by way of Canada. Instead, Curtis and MacAllaster wereindicted for discussing the details by cable or telephone, based on evidence provided by the Birchers. Their trail was to begin on August 17, 1978, but Curtis and MacAllaster were broke. They also believed their public defender was not up to the job. At a hearing, Curtis plead no contest, and was placed on probation for five years."

(ibid, pgs. 184-185)

As note above, the Western Goals Foundation was established in 1979, seemingly with ample funding out of the gate. Also noted above was the Bircher desire to use the proceeds of the recovered Golden Lilly treasure to fund some type of "private" FBI. Its probably just a coincidence that Western Goals emerged shortly after the Curtis affair was winding down and the Birchers had laundered several billion dollars worth


of recovered gold for President Marcos.

Whatever the case, this did not mark the end of the Birchers involvement with the Golden Lilly. By the late 1980s they were once again considering another expedition to the Philippines, this one headed by General John Singlaub (the chairman of the World Anti-Communist League during its most militant phase as well as a member of the Western Goals Foundation) on behalf of two private military companies, Nippon Star and Phoenix. Robert Curtis, in what most have been rather awkward for all parties, was also approached to lend his expertise once again.

"To Curtis's astonishment, anger, and dismay, it now emerged that Singlaub had persuaded the John Birch Society to take over funding Nippon Star, and it was Jay Agnew's son Dan who hadForinger recruit Curtis. Foringer's first phone call to Curtis was from the office of Agnew's attorney in Seattle. This was truly bizarre, because it was the Agnews who had destroyed Curtis financially and professionally in 1975... Having ruined Curtis, the Agnews told Singlaub they would only finance Nippon Star recoveries in the Philippines if he and Foringer recruited Curtis, to gain access to his maps and reverse-engineering."

(ibid, pg. 206)

Officially this expedition was as much of debacle as Curtis' first collaboration with the Birchers. Still, these examples of the JBS's dealings with the Golden Lilly strongly imply a link to Willoughby and possibly the Sovereign Order of Saint John as well.

As noted in the prior installment of this series, Willoughby was deeply involved in with discovery of the Golden


Lilly in the wake of World War II. Further, the JBS seems to have been tipped off about the Golden Lilly by Colonel Laurence Bunker, a member of MacArthur's inner circle. As such, it was highly probable that Willoughby (who was extremely close to MacArthur) and Bunker, a co-founder of the JBS, had some type of relationship.

Colonel Laurence Bunker, co-founder of the JBS and former MacArthur man

Then, some 20 years down the road, we find General John Singlaub involved with both the JBS and the Golden Lilly. Singlaub was part of the old "China cowboys" clique of OSS men who fought with Chiang Kai-shek in China during the late 1940s before the communists took over the nation. Another member of this clique, William D. Pawley also seems tohave been involved with MacArthur and Willoughby, specifically in regards to the establishment of Civil Air Transport/Air America, an airline involved in smuggling opium for Chiang Kai-shek's KMT party.

What's more, Singlaub was reportedly a member of military intelligence during the Korean War when Willoughby was the head of all military intelligence in the theater, at least according to the CIA's official website (which also implies that Willoughby and Singlaub were involved in separate operations, however).

General John Singlaub

These things, combined with the JBS's long time association with the American Security Council (an organization that both Willoughby and the Sovereign Order of Saint John belonged to) seem to imply that there was a strong link between the JBS and Willoughby/SOSJ. Further bolstering this link is the presence of Brigadier General


Bonner Fellers as an early member and backer of the JBS. Fellers was of course a member of the SOSJ as well as one of the chief advocates of the "communist conspiracy" (Fellers' role in the spread of such notions was discussed in part one of this series).

For instance, Fellers claimed to have realized the Allies were prolonging the war for the sake of the Soviet Union while he was stationed in Cairo as part of the North African campaign. Fellers' claim is rather amusing considering that he was himself tipping of the Nazis to the movements of Allied troops during this time.

"... During 1941, the OSS stationed Fellers in Cairo. While there to observe the British North African campaign, he broadcast reports to his superiors using theblack code. The Italians had broken the black code and within minutes of Feller's transmissions, Rommel knew the position of British forces and their battle plan. Once the Allies discovered the breach in security, the Army transferred Fellers briefly to the States before attaching him to MacArthur's command."

(The Nazi Hydra in America, Glen Yeadon & John Hawkins, pgs. 467-468)

General Bonner Fellers

Given how many other individuals already considered in this series gleefully collaborated with the Nazis, such a possibility is certainly probable as far as Fellers is concerned. Nor was this the only assistance that Fellers rendered to World War II-era fascists. Fellers was also deeply involved in the exoneration of Emperor Hirohito, an operation that utilized monies from another Golden Lilly-derived slush fund known as the Keenan Fund.

"...


Documents we found in the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia, show that MacArthur and Bonner Fellers conspired with former president Herbert Hoover to guarantee that Hirohito would escape punishment of any kind, and that General Tojo would falsify testimony to take all responsibility for the attack on Pearl Harbor. Intermediaries, including Admiral Yonai, were paid large sums from the Keenan Fund to negotiate with Tojo and guarantee his perjury. In his papers, General Fellers proudly describes his meeting with Yonai to set up the false testimony. (During the war, incidentally, Admiral Yonai was the immediate superior of Rear Admiral Kodama.)

"A number of key witnesses who resisted subornation died violently, or under suspicious circumstances..."

(Gold Warriors, Sterling & Peggy Seagrave, pgs. 112-113)

Fellers also then seems to have had dealings withthe Golden Lilly. This combined with the fact that he was one of the chief sources for alleged collaborations between prominent Americans and the Soviet Union seems to indicate that he was a major figure within the JBS, as well as the post-WWII conspiratorial right in general.

And with that out of the way I shall now turn to the Posse Comitatus. While the links between the John Birch Society and the Sovereign Order of Saint John are somewhat circumstantial, the same cannot be said of the Posse Comitatus. Prominent members of the SOSJ were directly involved in establishing the Posse and its ideology, as shall be discussed in a moment. First, however, we need to briefly consider the man chiefly responsible for the spread of the Posse Comitatus


as well as its vast influence on the modern day conspiratorial right.

Contrary to public reports, the Posse was not founded by former Silver Shirt member Mike Beach, but by a former military intelligence officer who served under Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines during World War II: Colonel William Potter Gale.

"... Gale hoped to lay the groundwork for a violent revolution by creating a paramilitary group known as the Posse Comitatus. Latin for 'power of the county,' the term refers to the medieval British practice of summoning a group of men to aid the sheriff in keeping the peace by pursuing and arresting lawbreakers. While the historic role of the posse comitatus had been to aid civil authorities in suppressing violence and vigilantism, Bill Gale's revision stood this ancientprincipal on its head --his posse was devoted to promoting armed insurrection. Under Gale's definition, anyone could call out the Posse, not just the sheriff, and if government officials attempted to enforce 'unlawful' legislation the Posse could arrest and put them on trial with a 'citizen's jury.' Although others later claimed the credit, it was Bill Gale who first developed and popularized the strategy. And it was Gale's encouragement that promoted right-wing militias to form local Posse chapters to mobilize against blacks, Jews, and others perceived enemies of the Republic, including government officials they said were subverting the intent of the Constitution. Building on the bigotry of Christian Identity theology and his involvement with the radical right after he left the army in 1950, Bill Gale popularized a


set of ideas that have influenced anti-government activists to the present day. After founding the Posse Comitatus in the 1970s, Gale helped launch the Christian Patriot movement in the 1980s. And long before the first so-called 'citizens' militias' appeared in the 1990s, Gale had introduced the concept of private armies and the 'unorganized militia.'

"Of course, there was nothing original in a right-wing group that cloaked itself in patriotism while instructing its followers to take up weapons, enforce white supremacy, root out communist subversion, and resist the evils of central government. But Bill Gale added a new and important twist that made the Posse Comitatus novel and attractive. His message was embellished with elaborate legalistic rhetoric that invoked, among other things, the Constitution, Magna Carta, and medieval principals ofBritish law in order to legitimize his violent call to arms. Gale's Posse also was unique because it successfully bridged the gap between the anticommunist and segregationist movements of the 1950s and 1960s and the paramilitary movements of the 1990s. And during the early 1970s --when other right-wing organizations were collapsing --the Posse thrived by disseminating its ideas and spawning successive waves of violence. Unlike the paramilitary Minutemen of the 1960s, which was disabled after many of its leaders were prosecuted for illegal firearms possession, the Posse was largely unaffected by Bill Gale's death in 1988, seventeen years after its founding. Lie children grown to maturity, the forces he shaped have fueled the radical right to the present day...

"Undergirded by the twin pillars of racism and anti-Semitism, fear


of communist subversion and advocacy of states' rights became the rallying cry of the radical right in the 1950s and 1960s. Part of the genius of Bill Gale's invention of the Posse Comitatus was the way in which he took these themes and repackaged them in psuedoreligious legalism that emphasized individual and 'natural rights.' For decades, the Ku Klux Klan and its various allies had created social movements and sought political power based upon explicit appeals to racial purity and Christian Nationalism. Bill Gale was no less fanatical in his devotion to 'white survival' or his denunciations of world Jewry. But Gale fashioned an elaborate, American-sounding ideology that married uncompromising anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and white supremacy with the appealing notion of the extreme sovereignty of the people. By emphasizingRangers. The CDL was founded by Gerald L.K. Smith, the former Silver Shirt member and proto-Christian Identity minster who had long been bankrolled by Wickliffe Preston Draper (among others). Another member of the CDL and close Gale associate (until the late 1960s) was Wesley Swift, a former Klansman, long time Gerald L.K. Smith associate and one of the earliest Identity minsters.

"One of the driving forces in the CDL in its early days was retired Lieutenant Colonel William P. Gale, who had trained guerrilla bands in the Philippines during World War II. In the late 1950s Gale formed the small, paramilitary California Rangers, which the California attorney general's office alleged was 'designed as a secret underground guerrilla force... linked with other non-military organizations by by a common ideology and


leadership.' Gale's strategy was to try to recruit members through veteran's organizations, but it backfired in 1963 when the Long-Beach Press-Telegram exposed his efforts to convert the American Legion Post in Signal Hill into a Ranger front, and one of his Rangers was arrested for selling a machine gun and Sten gun to undercover agents. In 1963, when a wealthy Los Angeles benefactor put money into the CDL, Gale tried his hand at improving its fortunes (at the same time professing 'the ministry of William P. Gale' from the pulpits of Swift's churches.

"The CDL's activities stepped up under Gale's leadership. According to an infiltrator who later supplied surreptitiously made tape recordings to radio station KLAC in Los Angeles: 'I was the security agent for the CDL national director.I guarded the security building and the files therein, the files which extended through most every state in the union. Members of the Klan, members of all other extremist groups who joined in to help make the Christian Defense League the central group, the reporting group, for all those organizations. The very sister and co-worker in this, of the CDL on the West Coast, is the National States Rights Party.' On the night of June 10, 1964, he related, Swift and his associates met in Reseda with George Lincoln Rockwell to discus 'a merger for the purpose of exchanging and compiling intelligence information; to make and keep an up-to-date roster of agents, double agents and other informers,' and to devise a command order. California Deputy Attorney General Thomas


McDonald has advised that there has been a 'real coalescence' between the Swift complex, the NSRP, and Klan-like groups in Southern California.

"As for the paramilitary aspect, the infiltrator revealed: 'We had occasion to have with us, from time to time, people who sold illegal guns for the rightist groups, without the proper registration procedure. In many cases these weapons were hidden in holes in the ground where they might be dug up later, in what they called defense against communism and against aggression, even by the FBI, the federal forces, or the National Guard.' About this time California law enforcement encountered a rash of arms episodes..."

(Power on the Right, William Turner, pgs. 102-103)

Earlier Turner, a former FBI agent, had also alluded to Gale taking over a portion ofRobert DePugh's Minutemen.

"DePugh's future as the titular head of the paramilitary right depends not only on his ability to tread water while in jail, but on the result of current shakeouts and realignments taking place. Some splinter groups calling themselves Minutemen seem to be gathering strength. One, New Orleans-based, is headed by a retired Army colonel. Another, centered around Hollywood and Orange County, calls itself the 'Real Minutemen' and functions within a church structure; one of its members, who served in military intelligence during World War II, privately claims to have a close relationship with the FBI. The main split between these versions of the Minutemen and DePugh is that they view Moscow, not Washington, as the principal enemy, and consequently cooperate with federal authorities."

(ibid, pg. 99)

As Gale


was a former military intelligence officer who was living near Hollywood and had recently founded his own Identity church around this time frame, it seems rather certain he is the individual in question. Further collaborating this connection was a letter sent to researcher Kenn Thomas by former Minuteman "Reverend" Bob LeRoy (who was yet another military man who served under Douglas MacArthur) which briefly outlines the history of DePugh's Minutemen:

"The Minutemen [group] was national and split into three regions: East Coast; Central States (my area); and West Coast. Had over 30,000 readers of a newsletter called 'On Target,' went out in the late 70s. 1962-1980... Nearly all of the 'Christian Identity' leaders came to our annual conventions in Kansas City, MO from 1973-1980. I have met them allleaders and editors of small newsletters like myself. Some are still at it after 40 years.

"Colonel Gale and I both fought the Japs together in Leyte and Luzon (1944-1945). He was about five years older than I. The youngest Captain (and Major Colonel later) in the U.S. Army. I was a mere PFC, LM gunner and parachutist for 3 years with the 511th P. Inf. Reg. There.

"The movement got its start under Wesley Swift of California during World War II and grew under R. Butler and Colonel Gale, who studied under his teachings. Rev. Sheldon Emry operated on his own in Arizona. Others in other states did the same. So like the Baptists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Pentecostals and Methodists, etc. they are split-up into dozens of right-wing factions nationally."

(JFK


& UFO, Kenn Thomas, pgs. 107-108n35)

Robert DePugh

DePugh seems to have been on the outs with Gale during the 1960s (probably due to the fact that DePugh was busted by the FBI while Gale was dropping hints that he was an informant for the Bureau), but they same to have patched things up in later years as the above indicates.

What then are we to make of this seemingly nation spanning network that brought together elements of the Minutemen, the KKK, and the Christian Identity movement? And what of Gale's alleged ties to the FBI and his attempts to recruit from the American Legion? As explained in depth throughout my examination of the American Security Council, industrial security was originally a joint FBI/military intelligence operation that utilized both "Overworld" elementssuch as the American Legion as well as fringe, "super patriot" groups such as the American Protective League. Is it possible then that Gale was engaged in some type of industrial security operation?

I've already established that the JBS-linked Western Goals Foundation was engaged in such and operation and indeed former FBI agent William Turner alluded to the possibility in his classic Power on the Right that the American Security Council was receiving reports from the Minutemen during the 1960s. Turner also indicated in one of the above quotes that Gale was establishing an intelligence network among far right groups. Did the reports from such a network also end up in the files of the ASC?

Beyond that, was there even a more sinister purpose than intelligence gathering? If so,


his ability to organize some type of underground force.

"In September 1943, Gale was a young major just two months shy of his twenty-seventh birthday when he shipped out to Australia. A specialist in logistics, he had spent the preceding months in Washington D.C., procuring tanks, trucks, and equipment for the war against the Japanese. Gale's role was to help supply American forces aiming to seize islands in the Central and Southwest Pacific, but he did not stay long enough to accomplish much. After just two weeks of duty he complained of liver trouble and jaundice and was hospitalized. Aside from a case of hookworm, his medical tests came back negative but he still spent nearly three months recuperating in the hospital. Not long after resuming his duties inearly 1944, he complained again of jaundice. Though he may have had liver problems, army doctors were more concerned by the growing anxiety they observed in the young officer and they diagnosed Gale's condition not as hepatitis, but as 'psychoneurosis... manifested by abdominal pain, indigestion, weakness, insomnia and fatigue.' Gale was flown back to the United States in April where he remained until a medical board let him return to the Pacific the following month. Despite the diagnosis of army doctors, Gale's superiors still considered him 'a willing officer, anxious to learn and be of value,' and dubbed him 'exceptionally loyal.' In November 1944, Gale was appointed director of supply for the army's Pacific Section Headquarters on the northwestern coast of New Guinea. It was from this vantage


point that Gale grandiosely claimed he spent six months planning 'every operation in the Philippines,' outfitting and training Filipino guerrilla units and serving in combat on Leyte and Luzon. These events were described in theatrical and overblown detail in a 1991 biography of Gale by Cheri Seymour, a California journalist who befriended the aging rightist shortly before he died in 1988.

"... Gale also claimed to have rescued thousands of American prisoners of war from behind enemy lines in daring operations at Los Banos and Cabanatuan in the Philippines, but Gale's military records offer scant support for his version of events. In a further effort to embellish his war record, Gale said he had been shot in the shoulder, which simply wasn't the case. In fact, he was neverwounded during the war and he received no medals for injuries suffered in battle. Of the seven citations and awards he did receive, all but one were simply for military service during wartime in the Pacific theater, and none were given for having faced enemy fire.

"By August 1945 Gale was back in an army hospital, complaining of jaundice, and the following month he was evacuated to the U.S. Gale later claimed he was so ill that the army shipped him home with his coffin. Meanwhile Josephine had given birth to a second child --a girl, Kathleen --and the couple's third child, Bill Jr., was born in October 1946, the same month Bill left for Tokyo. The family spent the next two years in Japan while Bill worked with


the staff of General Douglas MacArthur, helping to supervise the U.S. occupation forces in Japan. It was Gale's most significant military assignment, and his family enjoyed the excitement and prestige of life overseas. Although Gale's superiors classified his performance as 'excellent,' they also commented on his lack of stamina, and in January 1948 Gale restated his habitual complaint of hepatitis. However, as with his previous hospitalization, liver tests showed no evidence of disease, again begging the question of his psychological state. By August he was back in California."

(The Terrorist Next Door, Daniel Levitas, pgs. 18-20)

Gale after his service ended

Levitas goes on to note that the circumstances surrounding Gale's retirement from the army in 1950 were every bit as mysterious as the rest of his service.

"After twelve cumulative yearsof army service, Lieutenant Colonel William Potter Gale was pronounced permanently unfit for military service and classified as disabled due to hepatitis, despite repeated medical tests to the contrary. Gale never disclosed the real reason for his forced retirement, and he lied when he said he'd left the army at the rank of full colonel --a claim he repeated incessantly until his death in 1988.")

(ibid, pg. 21)

Does this mean Gale was a quack then?

Hardly. In point of fact, his contradictory military record --which combines frequent phantom medical claims with almost uniformly complementary praise for his performance --is a strong indication that he was involved in something curious. If Gale was trying to fake his way out of military service by making up illnesses, as Levitas seems to be


implying, then why did his superiors constantly give him favorable reports? Why was he brought back to Japan to work with MacArthur's staff? And what of the Reverend Bob LeRoy's claims of having served with Gale at Leyte and Luzon, as noted above?

It's entirely possible that if Gale really was engaged in "unconventional warfare" (as he called it) in the Philippines as he claimed that the military would falsify his records as such operations frequently include activities and deeds that the American public would not be accepting of. The way Gale's record is presented as it stands both disproves his guerrilla warfare claims as well as bringing his credibility into further question by playing up his mental instability. Such a presentation would be especially likely if he wasand residing in the United States. Instead, sovereigns were those originally mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution in the phrase 'We the people.' And as any high school student should know, at the time the Constitution was written, 'We the people' meant 'we the white people.' The (white) racial definition of citizenship had then been reaffirmed in the Dred Scott decision of 1857, which reads in part: 'A free negro of the African race, whose ancestors were brought to this country and sold as slaves, is not a 'citizen' within the meaning of the Constitution.' By repeating these arguments, the Posse Comitatus and its Christian patriot look-alikes stood on solid historical, if morally shaky, ground. Before the Civil War the United States has indeed been a 'white


Republic.'

"After the Civil War, however, the Fourteenth Amendment had countermanded Dred Scott and guaranteed the rights of citizenship to the newly freed slaves and all others born in the United States. The racial definition of citizenship had been changed. Like many unreconstructed Confederates and a host of other far-right propagandists, Christian patriots believed the Fourteenth Amendment had not been passed in a constitutional fashion. The southern states had been under military occupation at the time, they argued.

"Christian patriot ideologues took their arguments took their argument a step beyond constitutional validity. The Fourteenth Amendment had created a special class of citizens, they charged. This special class received its rights from the government through the individual's contract with the state. Sovereigns, on the other hand, those descended from the originalwith equally bizarre racial doctrines that created an entirely separate legal frame work for those who knew how to claim their "sovereignty." In the case of William Potter Gale, this ideology even incorporated beings from outer space.

"... But Gale, like his mentor Wesley Swift, had a peculiar obsession with creatures from outer space, and his texts included phantasmagorical theories about the role of otherworldly beings in establishing racial hierarchies on earth. According to Gale, Adam and Eve and their descendants were celestial beings of 'pure seed' whose Aryan character was demonstrated by their fair complexion and ability to blush, a trait absent from nonwhite races. The racial prospects of the divine first family were shattered, however, when Eve was seduced by the devil and gave birth to Cain


who then murdered his brother, Abel, and became the ancestral father of the Jews."

"Gale's interpretation of the Book of Genesis contained a novel twist on the story of 'original sin.' According to conventional Christian theology, 'the fall' of woman and man occurred when the serpent convinced Eve to eat from the Tree of Knowledge and Adam followed suit. While the cause and meaning of 'the fall' have been debated for centuries, including its obvious sexual connotations, Identity believers like Gale were the first to define 'original sin' as race-mixing.

"In contrast to the pure offspring of Adam and Eve, Cain's children were the product of the sexual union of Eve and the devil, and as such were 'a pollution of the Holy and the Celestial seed.' They also multipliedof biblical racial classification translates thusly: The white, true Israelites of the Bible who mixed with the pre-Adamic Enosh transformed themselves into 'non-white races,' while the offspring of those who took Canaanite wives sometimes retained the appearance of Adamic people, but nonetheless acquired the satanic character of their Jewish ancestors. The true Israelites called the Canaanites and their descendants 'Edomites' or 'Yehudi,' which translates simply as 'Jews' in Hebrew but which Gale claims means 'the cursed ones...'

"While the non-white Enosh were barbaric primitives and descendants of Luciferian aliens from outer space, and the Jewish Edomites were malevolent agents of the devil, the pure descendants of Adam were a master builder race who, among other things, used 'atom-powered space vehicles' and 'divine knowledge' to build the Great Pyramid of


Giza.'

"Viewed through the lens of Christian Identity, Gale saw all of history as a Manichean struggle between white, divine, Anglo-Saxon Christians, and Satanic Jews. It was Europe, Gale wrote, that the devilish Yehudi gained control of the wealth of the nations they invaded and acted as 'destroyers from within.' America, in contrast, was a 'New Jerusalem,' divinely ordained to advance the interest of Aryan, 'Adamic Israelites' through its thirteen colonies that were formed from the 'thirteen tribes[sic]' of ancient Israel. Echoing themes that would later become cornerstones of Posse ideology, Gale wrote that America was founded by English immigrants fleeing religious persecution was 'one of Satan's lies.' Gale even regarded the Boston Tea Party as an anti-Jewish protest, saying that those colonists who opposed the English stamp taxdid so because they knew the tax would enrich the 'money lenders' of England and Europe, who were children of Cain. And repeating a long-standing anti-Semitic myth, Gale claimed that George Washington foresaw the invasion of America by 'Cain's children' in a vision. This heavily recycled anti-Semitic canard was only one many promoted by Gale. He also wrote that the Jewish celebration of Yom Kippur --the holiest day on the Hebrew calendar --disqualified Jews as American citizens. For Jews, the holiday emphasizes atonement, forgiveness, and self-improvement, but according to Gale, the observance proved Jews were dishonest and disloyal. That is because the traditional Kol Nidre prayer recited on the eve of the holiday asks that any impulsive and unfulfilled vows made during the previous year be nullified. Although


the prayer refers only to pledges made between an individual and God, anti-Semites like Gale contended that it was a ruse to enable Jews to secretly renege on agreements with Gentiles...

"The Faith of Our Fathers championed states' rights by attacking the Fourteenth Amendment and repeating an argument popular among Southern segregationists --that the Amendment, which guaranteed equal protection under the law regardless of race, had never been legally ratified by the states. Gale also asserted that blacks were not citizens and therefore had no right to vote..."

Yes, the same Colonel Philip J. Corso, who became involved with the Nazi "ratlines" in Italy after the war; the same Colonel Philip J. Corso who hinted at helping organize an Operation Gladio-style network in Germany during the 1950s; the same ColonelPhilip J. Corso who was working for the staff of segregationist Senator Strom Thurmond in the 1960s; and the same Colonel Philip J. Corso who wrote The Day After Roswell and spent years promoting any number of the classics of UFO lore.

In fairness, it should also be noted that Gale also had a long time association with Freemasonry. Indeed, his "church" held it services for 13 years at a Masonic Temple in Glendale. Gale claimed that one of his earliest followers, Aryan Nations founder Richard Butler, was a Master Mason when Gale introduced him to Identity theology. What's more, Gale alluded to one of his financial patrons as being a powerful Hollywood figure and Freemason.

"Gale collected himself and slumped forward, his elbows on his knees. 'Anyways, I had


know it." He liked me and he liked Douglas MacArthur. Gerald Smith had all those millionaire people supporting him.'"

I find Gale's claim in this case to be highly probable. Gale was a successful businessman in the 1950s who initially worked for Hughes Aircraft Company after leaving the army before he went to Waddell and Reed. He did indeed own a house in Outpost Estate and reportedly his children played with the offspring of celebrities such as John Wayne. What's more, Gale continued to have ample funds even after his extremist views drove him out of the corporate world and despite the fact his "ministry" never attracted more than a handful of followers. Naturally, "serious" researchers such as Daniel Levitas have chalked up Gale's financial prosperity to his abilityto sale life insurance to widows.

Further, while Gale was certainly prone to embellishments from time to time, there is not seemingly a logical reason for him to claim that one of his chief patrons was a wealthy and influential Freemason. Masonry is almost universally despised by the conspiratorial right, the chief audience for Gale's ideology. Such a revelation could have easily thrown his credibility into question amongst such circles, which is probably why he only acknowledged it at the tail end of his life.

Even stranger is that Gale himself was also partly Jewish, a fact researcher Daniel Levitas exhaustively documented in The Terrorist Next Door. Gale went to great lengths to keep this little detail hidden throughout his life, as one would imagine. Colonel Gale is hardly the


only ideologue of the racist far right to have a trace of Jewish ancestry, however. For instance, author Kevin Coogan, while researching his ground breaking Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International, also came to suspect that Yockey had Jewish relations as well.

Saint Francis the Jew?

Gale's Jewish ancestry is especially curious when considering his arrest and trial in the mid-1980s. Gale, after nearly three decades in far right causes with an explicatively paramilitary bent, was finally arrested for conspiracy (among numerous other things) in 1986. Gale's arrest was part of a broader legal action targeting an organization he had founded in the early 1980s known as the Committee of the States.

While this endeavor seemed superficially less militant than that of the Posse itsimpossible to tell what Gale's true objective for it was as his health began to rapidly deteriorate shortly after it's founding in 1982. By the time he was arrested in 1986 he only had two years to live and his pending death was rather evident by the time his trial began to unfold in 1987.

Gale around the time of his trail

His followers, including his wife Roxanne, believed a conspiracy was at hand due to several key dates during Gale's downfall: His arrest in 1986 and the onset of his trail in 1987 occurred during Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. What's more, the trail verdict read just hours after Yom Kippur began in 1987.

Gale was sentenced to three years in prison, but he never lived to serve any


of it as he shed his mortal coil on April 28, 1988, two days shy of the forty-third anniversary of Adolf Hitler's death. Had the Jewish conspiracy finally caught with the partly Jewish Gale? Or was his arrest and trail a ready made martyrdom for a man who may have already realized he was dying some time beforehand?

It's especially interesting to note that Gale's trail unfolded at the same time as the Federal government's sedition trail against Aryan Nations founder Richard Butler, Texas Klansman Louis Beam (who brought the "leaderless resistance" strategy to the Patriot movement), and eleven other Patriot leaders who were by and large more vital than Gale at that point as well as far more militant (several of the individuals indicted had been linked toRobert Matthews' "Order"). They were all acquitted on April 7, 1988, shortly before Gale returned to his celestial Aryan beings, in what many have described as a shocking defeat for Federal prosecutors.

Louis Beam

Thus, a dying Gale achieved martyrdom almost simultaneously as several of the guiding lights of the next generation of Patriots were acquitted of sedition and were allowed to carry on Gale's vision. Such is the way the Jewish conspiracy rolls, I suppose.

But let us get back to Gale's ideology and the million dollar question: Where exactly did Gale pick up this curious beliefs? According to Gale himself, it was from the United States Army.

"'We published a little Identity publication at that time; it was a bunch of military officers who asked me to put it out...


Colonel Ben (Von) Stahl and Admiral Crommelin and General P.A. Del Valle of the Marine Corps. We had a meeting and they said, "You know, the people should know a little about this law, Posse Comitatus." The military police school in the army had been teaching it for years.'"

Yes dear reader, the above mentioned General P.A. Del Valle is the same General Pedro Del Valle of the Defenders of the American Constitution and the Sovereign Order of Saint John. According to Grand Master Charles Pichel himself in his History of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta Colonel Ben von Stahl was also a member of the Order (see page 192 of that work for a full list of military men affiliated with themilitary at the time, pervasive among officers... The Army War College, which prepared selected officers for positions of command, invited scientists such as Davenport and McDougall to lecture on race, and Earnest Sevier Cox's White America was assigned to part of the coursework. Another regular visitor, even well into the 1930s, was Madison Grant protege, Harvard-educated T. Lothrop Stoddard, whose books were recommend reading. In The Rising Tide of Color against White World-Supremacy, for example, prospective command officers could learn of the need to maintain 'white political domination' in the face of the colored threat --not so much from blacks, who were dismissed as inferior savages, but from 'Asiatics,' the yellow race, who according to Stoddard, constituted the main danger in an impending struggle for control of Africa


and 'mongrel-ruled' South America. Up until the outbreak of war, Stoddard continued to lecture on 'World Affairs' at the college, praising the racial policies of the Third Reich and encouraged similar, legally mandated measures for segregation and antimiscegenation in the United States, based on 'increasing knowledge of the true nature of race by modern science.'

"The inner circles of the officers corps were particularly concerned over the threat to Nordic culture posed by the influx of Jews. As Joseph Bendersky has recently demonstrated in The "Jewish Threat," during the teens and twenties racial anti-Semitism among military leaders was 'not only prevalent and open but considere morally,politically, and even scientifically warranted.' The military culture adhered strongly to every anti-Semitic stereotype: Jews were physically weak, cowardly, and incapable of loyalty toanyone but themselves --'a disgrace to the flag,' according to one Colonel in 1918, and the only people in the 'world without moral honor or character.' In addition, they were the controlling force behind every movement for world domination, from Bolshevism to international finance. Predicting 'such massacres of the Jews... as have never been thought possible' by the Russians after World War I, one officer observed that 'nothing they can do [to the Jews] is bad enough to fit the case.' These views became common at the highest levels through the next three decades, as midlevel officers in the World War I era assumed upper-echelon positions. In 1940, recently retired deputy chief of staff General George Von Horn Moseley offered to join the America First Committee only if


it first agreed 'to eliminate... all Jews and Jewish influence' from the organization and to 'come out before the nation with a definite statement against the Jew and all he stands for'; after the war, he called for a policy to 'give the Jews a limited time in which to close their affairs and leave our shores.' In 1945, General George S. Patton did not consider 'the displaced person... a human being,' especially 'the Jews who are lower than animals...'"

(The Funding of Scientific Racism, William H. Tucker, pgs. 27-29)

Needless to say, if the military was indoctrinating future high ranking officers with such doctrines as the need to maintain "white political domination," some form the Posse Comitatus ideology would not be out of place. Further collaboration of this possibilityis provided by the esteemed historian Alfred W. McCoy, who recently noted a mysterious policy the Army War College embraced circa 1919.

"... In October 1919 an Army War College conference on domestic security described the United States as an 'Anglo-Saxon nation' facing the specter of revolt by ethnic radicals, making it imperative to implement 'War Plan White,' a color-coded strategic scenario that the War Plans Division have prepared in the event of a Russian-style revolution by an estimated 1.5 million American radicals. Making the racial prism explicit, another War Department report stated that the greatest threat were pan-Latinism, pan-orientalism, and bolshevism, which had 'an intimate connection of the Jews and Jewry.'

(Policing America's Empire, Alfred W. McCoy, pg. 314)

Is it possible that the race-based paramilitary forces former military men


attempted to create after World War II were some how related to this mysterious "War Plan White'? This was a policy after all that military intelligence, especially that relating to industrial security, was deeply involved in. Vigilante, racist groups spread like the plague in the United States in the wake of the First World War, with a few such as the American Coalition of Patriotic Societies having been founded by former military intelligence officers such as John Trevor Sr. While there was a crackdown on such groups during World War II they seemingly made a vigorous comeback as the Cold War set in, the Posse arguably being the most successful of such groups.

And indeed, prominent Posse members have long claimed that military officers were the chief force behindthe movement from the very beginning.

"A noteworthy and generally unpublicized aspect of the radical right's history is the military involvement since the movement's inception, James Wickstrom, head of Posse Comitatus, wrote in a 1989 Intelligence Update circulated from Pennsylvania that 'ZOG thought the "Posse Comitatus" was just a tax rebellion movement. But to their surprise some years later, ZOG found that the movement was loaded with former military officers, being used in an advisory manner.'

"'In Wisconsin alone,' wrote Wickstrom, 'Posse Comitatus officers from 36 states were trained in all types of leadership positions and guerrilla warfare...'

"Indeed, Seymour discovered that in addition to Colonel Gale's paramilitary training and lecturing excursions across the country, other retired World War II and Korean war officers such as Colonel Benjamin [Von] Stahl from


Nebraska and Colonel Jack Mohr from Mississippi conducted nationwide training exercises."

It would seem that SOSJ member Colonel Benjamin von Stahl was still involved with the Posse in the 1980s. But then again, former military officers seem to have actively been organizing an underground paramilitary network as early as the early 1960s, possibly sooner (remember, Sovereign Order of Saint John members Pedro Del Valle and Bonner Fellers was already attempting such things with the 1950s-era Defenders of the American Constitution). Journalist Dick Russell would allude to the possibility that both Pedro Del Valle and Charles Willoughby were behind Gale's early 1960s efforts to organize a paramilitary underground.

"Willoughby's publisher and friend Billy James Hargis was a short, portly, double-chinned fellow in his midthirties who gained much of his financial supportfrom H.L. Hunt and other wealthy oilmen. Along with Willoughby, who was his Washington eyes and ears, another Hargis' advisory committee members was retired lieutenant general Pedro del Valle, U.S. Marine commander in the Pacific during World War II. After the Korean War, del Valle had become vice president of ITT's Latin American operations.

"In September 1961, Hargis announced that a secret fraternity to coordinate right-wing activities would soon be formed. Then, on March 21, 1962, a carefully selected group was called together in Washington. No press representatives were allowed at the founding session of the Anti-Communist Liaison, which brought together about on hundred delegates representing some seventy-five right-wing groups at the Washington hotel. Named as its chairman and operating head was Edward Hunter, a National Advisory Board member


of Young Americans for Freedom.

"The new group's insider was U.S. representative John Rousselot, a John Birch Society spokesman and Christian Crusade board member from Los Angeles. It also had a Southern Californian 'outsider,' Colonel William Potter Gale, yet another ex-MacArthur man. In 1962, as California state chairman of the Constitution Party, Colonel Gale announced his candidacy for the governorship on a platform calling for the abolition of all income taxes. He also organized, soon after the pivotal springtime meeting in Washington, a paramilitary outfit.

"Willoughby, del Valle, and a number of other military officers put together Gale's tactical guide, or manual of arms of the future. It suggested that 'patriotic underground armies should be created, named the "Rangers" who should train to assassinate, sabotage, and overthrow the "People's Democracy."'"

"ALong Beach Press-Telegram expose called Gale's Rangers 'a secret guerrilla group composed of persons devoted to extremist racial and religious beliefs.' Not long after their spring 1962 formation, the Rangers would begin to attract a wide range of wanderers along an L.A.-to-Miami route..."

(The Man Who Knew Too Much, Dick Russell, pgs. 111-112)

the Reverend Billy James Hargis, one of the trailblazers of the modern day fundamentalist Christian movement and a close associate of Charles Willoughby

By Gale's own admission, as noted above, Sovereign Order of Saint John members General Pedro del Valle and Colonel Benjamin von Stahl were among the individuals who suggested the founding of the Posse. As noted in part one of this series, Gale was also a close friend of Sovereign Order of Saint John member Bonner