Flute Concerto (2006) was commissioned by flutist Judith von Hopf and the Kiev Philharmonic and premiered by them under the direction of Guido Lamell. The work is in two movements: Chanson and Fantasy Variations.

The first movement, Chanson, is an extended “song” that develops through a variety of textures. The opening song material is centered around G#. In turn,this G# is revealed to be a quasi-dominant of a D centered sonority. (A brief coda returns to G#, in preparation for the D center of the second movement.)The second movement, Fantasy Variations, is cast as two presentations of the theme surrounding five free variations, plus a coda. The theme serves as the basis of the musical material for each variation as well as the structuraltemplate for each. Also, each variationcontains material referring back specifically to the previous variation.

The opening theme is declamatory and massive. The first variation is fast and limber. The second variation is introspective and stratified. The third variation is fleeting. The fourth variation is distant and spare. The fifthvariation is fast and driving. The final theme begins whispered and slowly regains its declamatory nature before a brief and intense coda ends the work in a blaze.

Flute Concerto (2006) was commissioned by flutist Judith von Hopf and the Kiev Philharmonic and premiered by them under the direction of Guido Lamell. The work is in two movements: Chanson and Fantasy Variations.

The first movement, Chanson, is an extended “song” that develops through a variety of textures. The opening song material is centered around G#. In turn,this G#


is revealed to be a quasi-dominant of a D centered sonority. (A brief coda returns to G#, in preparation for the D center of the second movement.)The second movement, Fantasy Variations, is cast as two presentations of the theme surrounding five free variations, plus a coda. The theme serves as the basis of the musical material for each variation as well as the structuraltemplate for each. Also, each variation contains material referring back specifically to the previous variation.

The opening theme is declamatory and massive. The first variation is fast and limber. The second variation is introspective and stratified. The third variation is fleeting. The fourth variation is distant and spare. The fifthvariation is fast and driving. The final theme begins whispered and slowly regains its declamatory nature beforescab have caused the crab apple trees to lose their leaves. Residents should also be on the lookout for thousand cankers disease and emerald ash borer, which appeared on the eastern side of the state. Cankers is a fungal infection that can kill a tree over a period of a few years, while emerald ash borer is a green beetle that infects and kills ash trees.

Rules Regarding Trees and Overhead Power Lines

Nashville’s Electric Service (NES) performs routine inspections and maintenance on the power lines in the city to keep them free of branches. They employ branch cutting tactics laid out by the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) and keep residents informed of when they plan to do maintenance on trees in their power line area through mailed notices.

Plant


2003B, lies over the first insulating layer largely above the active area. Also a first and second peripheral polysilicon segments 2003C1 and 2003C2 lie over the first insulating layer above the termination area which are etched as two separated segments with a separating gap 2013E. A gate electrode 2016 contacts the main polysilicon potion. A source electrode 2015A and 2015B, is formed to contact the active area, the termination area and the first polysilicon segment 2003C1 through an opening in the second insulating layer 2012. The second polysilicon segment 2003C2 extends over a scribe line section of the termination area where the semiconductor is cut into separate dice. In this termination area, a metal portion is formed to contact this second polysilicon segment During a dicing process, thePakistan pull off a sensational victory in first ODI

Mohammad Hafeez, left, and Sharjeel Khan of Pakistan salute each other during their first one-day international against Sri Lanka in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, on Wednesday.

Photo: AFP

Mohammad Hafeez returned to his one-day batting form with a gritty 122 off 129 balls as Pakistan pulled off a sensational 11-run victory over Sri Lanka in their first one-day international (ODI) on Wednesday.

Hafeez’s seventh ODI century with seven fours and four sixes was well assisted by half-centuries from Sohaib Maqsood (73) and debutant opener Sharjeel Khan (61) in what appeared to be a strong Pakistan total of 322-5.

Sri Lanka were tottering at 221-7, but Seekkuge Prasanna (42) and Sachithra Senanayake (42) smashed 87 runs off 43 balls before Pakistan held their nerves and


ODI when he lofted Malinga (0-59) over midwicket for a six and took two more boundaries in the fast bowler’s second over.

On a perfect batting strip, the Sri Lanka bowlers could not contain the flow of runs before Khan was caught on the edge of the long-on boundary and departed after hitting six fours and three sixes in his run-a-ball knock.

Maqsood kept on pressing the accelerator by hitting four sixes and two fours in his 68-ball innings, while Hafeez raised his seventh ODI century off 111 balls when he lofted Lakmal (2-73) over midwicket for a six.

Maqsood also looked set for his maiden century before he was run out in a mix-up with Hafeez, who refused to go for the second run.

Afridi took charge and hit three sixes— one of which went out of the stadium over covers off Thisara Perera — and also smashed two fours after he was promoted ahead of captain Misbah-ul-Haq and Umar Akmal.

Hafeez was finally dismissed in the last over when he offered a tired looking catch to Dinesh Chandimal at midwicket to give Lakmal his second wicket.

Offspinner Hafeez bowled steadily with the new ball and after taking a brilliant catch in the deep to dismiss Tillakaratne Dilshan (30), he had top scorer Kusal Perera (64) LBW.

The experienced Kumar Sangakkara (23) was caught by wicketkeeper Umar Akmal off Afridi’s wide delivery, while Chandimal (46) and Mathews (31) also departed in quick succession.

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Cold War has finally ended with President Obama attempting to treat Cuba as a non-belligerent country by opening its air routes, the World Cup Finals, the spacecraft landed on the comet, opening new paths of discovery, operations over in Afghanistan were brought to a close just in time as NATO said, the immigration policy of the US has finally been fixed, and even things small but impactful such as the commuters tipping a train to help a trapped man in Australia and even new advances in technology to help those who lost a sense sometime in their life. Although there seems to be a minimal amount of positives listed, they are still enough to just enlighten the soul and give a great feeling of humanity.

You see, a lotQ:

What was the difference between a Games Console and a Home Computer?

In the world of home entertainment and video games, two terms that were commonly used to describe machines from the 1970s onward are "games console" and "home computer".
Some devices appear to straddle both terms. To give one example, Wikipedia's article on the Nintendo Entertainment System describes it as a "home video game console", but it was sold in Japan as the "Family Computer" or Famicom.
Is there a commonly accepted definition of what is a home computer, and what is a games console?

A:

There's no single commonly-accepted definition; the dividing line has shifted over time.
In 1977 when the Apple II, PET and TRS-80 collectively invented home computing the difference was pretty obvious: the computers had the ability to display


Writing Without Borders

Chris GoGwilt interviews Ha JinJanuary 14, 2007

Since moving to the United States from China in 1985 for graduate studies, Ha Jin has published three volumes of

poetry, three collections of short stories and four novels, and has won some of the highest literary honors. His first two short story collectionsOcean of Words and Under the Red Flag, both set in Northeastern China during the 1960s and 1970s, won the PEN/Hemingway Award and the Flannery O’Connor Award for Fiction, respectively. In 1999, he won both the National Book Award and the PEN/Faulkner Award for Waiting, a novel also set in Northeastern China during the cultural revolution. Last year he won the PEN/Faulkner Award again for his novel, War Trash, which is based on historical documents from the KoreanWar and told from the perspective of a Chinese POW.

Each of his books is written in his adopted English.

In a departure, the setting of his latest novel, due later this year, will not be Northern China, but North America. And will no doubt transform the landscape of American literature once again.

Ha Jin recently collaborated with composer Tan Dun on the libretto for the opera The First Emperor, which debuted at the Metropolitan Opera in January of 2007.

The conversation that follows between Ha Jin and Chris GoGwilt, professor of comparative literature at Fordham University, took place at the University on November 16, 2006. What follows is an edited transcript of their talk.

Chris GoGwilt: Can you recall when you knew you were going to become a writer? Perhaps a defining


in English. What I meant at the time was just for that book.

Chris GoGwilt: Clearly Tiananmen Square dramatically altered things for you. How did that change your sense of commitment as a writer?

Ha Jin: I served in the Chinese army, and the army was called The People’s Army, so we were from the people and supposed to serve the people and protect the people. I was shocked that the field armies would go into the city and really suppress civilians. Then my son arrived. That was a turning point. It was clear that he would be an American. At the airport, at the sight of him, I thought of his future. For me it was not clear, but for him to be an American, that also implied thatSen. Ted Cruz of Texas, whom he met there in 2015.

This year Rep. Louie Gohmert of Texas and former Rep. Gill Gutknecht of Minnesota were slated to attend King’s pheasant hunt, along with Tancredo and others.

When Trump, Jr., campaigned in Colorado during the presidential election, he was criticized for hunting animals much larger than pheasants, such as water buffalo.

King’s Col. Bud Day Pheasant Hunt was a fundraiser, and took place Saturday and Sunday at the Hole N’ the Wall Lodge near Akron, Iowa.

King said in a statement that the event includes “good, healthy conversation among conservatives who love America.”


his friends and servants (at Merrygreek's behest) to break in and take Christian Custance by force, but they are defeated by her maids and run away. The merchant Gawyn arrives shortly after and the play concludes happily with reconciliation, a prayer and a song.

Characters
Ralph Roister Doister.
Mathew Merygreeke.
Gawyn Goodluck, affianced to Dame Custance.
Tristram Trustie, his friend.
Dobinet Doughtie, servant to Roister Doister.
Tom Trupenie, servant to Dame Custance.
Sym Suresby, servant to Goodluck.
Scriuener.
Harpax, servant to Roister Doister
Dame Christian Custance, a widow.
Margerie Mumblecrust, her nurse.
Tibet Talkapace, her maid.
Annot Alyface, her maid.

Performance history
A generally accepted theory is that Udall first wrote the play for public performance by boys at the London school where he was master, though no recorded historical afterlife for the play in performance exists. Though amateur and student groups have presentedTranscription

1 Transparency and accountability are important elements of nuclear disarmament. The action plan adopted at the 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference encouraged the nuclear weapon states to agree on a reporting standard that would help demonstrate progress in their commitment to pursue reductions of nuclear arsenals. This study presents a model for such reporting, based on the approach developed by the Russian Federation and the United States in the New START treaty. As the study demonstrates, the framework of the US Russian nuclear disarmament process could serve as the foundation for a multilateral transparency and accountability regime, and provide a basis for closer cooperation and conf idence-building measures among all NPT member states to help advance the goal of nuclear disarmament. UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH A


expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the individual authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the United Nations, UNIDIR, its staff members or sponsors. UNIDIR/2013/2 Copyright United Nations, 2013 All rights reserved UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS

4 The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) an autonomous institute within the United Nations conducts research on disarmament and security. UNIDIR is based in Geneva, Switzerland, the centre for bilateral and multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation negotiations, and home of the Conference on Disarmament. The Institute explores current issues pertaining to the variety of existing and future armaments, as well as global diplomacy and local tensions and conflicts. Working with researchers, diplomats, government officials, NGOs and other institutions since 1980, UNIDIR acts as a bridge betweenthe research community and governments. UNIDIR s activities are funded by contributions from governments and donor foundations.

7 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank their colleagues who consulted with us on this study at various stages, encouraged us to continue this work, and contributed their own perspectives, comments, and suggestions. Special thanks go to Nick Ritchie and Corentin Brustlein, who provided valuable comments, and to Karina Qian, who made an important contribution to the project at its early stages. The authors would also like to thank the staff of UNIDIR for their support and help. This project was generously supported by the Government of Japan.

8 vii ABOUT THE AUTHORS Tamara Patton is a Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in the Arms Control and Non-Proliferation


Programme. Patton s research focuses on the uses of satellite imagery, mapping, 3-D modeling, and other geospatial tools for analysis of issues relevant to nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament. She was previously a Visiting Fellow with the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. She has also worked with the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, the US Naval Postgraduate School s Common Operational Research Environment (CORE) Laboratory and Remote Sensing Center, and the Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies. Patton holds an MA in Nonproliferation and Terrorism Studies from the Monterey Institute of International Studies and a BA in International Studies from the University of Washington. Pavel Podvig is Programme Lead of the Weapons of Mass Destruction programme at UNIDIR and Director of the Russian Nuclear Forces Project. Podvigstarted his work on arms control at the Center for Arms Control Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, which was the first independent research organization in the Russian Federation dedicated to analysis of technical issues of disarmament and non-proliferation. In recognition of this work, the American Physical Society awarded Podvig the Leo Szilard Lectureship Award of 2008 (with Anatoli Diakov). He has worked with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University, the Security Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University. His current research focuses on the Russian strategic forces and nuclear weapons complex, as well as technical and political aspects of nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, missile defence, and the US Russian


arms control process. Podvig is a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials. He has a physics degree from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and a PhD in political science from the Moscow Institute of World Economy and International Relations. Phillip Schell is a Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in the Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Programme. Schell s research focuses on security issues related to weapons of mass destruction arms control, disarmament, and non-proliferation with a regional specialization on East Asia. Before joining the Institute, his assignments included the North Atlantic Treaty Organization s Weapons of Mass Destruction Non-Proliferation Centre and the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. He has also worked with the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International CrisisIn the NPT review process non-nuclear-weapon states made a number of proposals regarding the information that they would like to see the nuclear-weapon states to disclose. Transparency was also one of the topics of the series of meetings held by the five NPT nuclear-weapon states (the P-5) since One of the agreements reached at the P-5 conference in Paris in 2011 established a working group that was tasked with development of a glossary of nuclear terms. 4 However, the P-5 have not yet adopted a coordinated approach towards transparency of their nuclear arsenals. As of 2013, the only nuclear-weapon states that have an obligation to provide information about their nuclear forces are the Russian Federation and the United States. They exchange data, some of which they make public,


inventories, , Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 66, no. 4, Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, document NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I), 1995, annex, decision 2, para. 4(c) Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, document NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)*, 2010, I(F)i, action Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations in New York, First P5 follow-up meeting to the NPT Review Conference (Paris, June 30th July 1st, 2011) statement by the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, 1 July 2011; US Department of State, Third P5 conference: implementing the NPT, 29 June New START refers to the Treaty between the United States of America and7 This report considers the practical aspects of using New START as a model for developing the transparency and accountability measures called for in the 2010 NPT action plan. It presents an overview of efforts to introduce transparency and accountability measures and of the status of transparency of nuclear arsenals of the NPT nuclear-weapon states. The report considers the structure of the US Russian arrangements in this area and suggests the steps that all NPT nuclearweapon states could take to join the Russian Federation the United States in reporting on the status of their nuclear forces. As the first step towards transparency, all nuclear-weapon states would disclose their aggregate numbers of deployed strategic delivery vehicles, deployed warheads, and the total number of deployed and non-deployed launchers in the


for notification and verification measures that include on-site inspections. Also, New START-type arrangements could allow non-nuclear-weapon states to take part in some verification and inspection activities. The results presented in this report demonstrate that New START provides a practical opportunity from which all nuclear-weapon states could take advantage of the experience that the Russian Federation and the United States have accumulated in their efforts to reduce nuclear arms. This opportunity should be used to build a universal transparency and accountability mechanism to advance the goals of the 2010 NPT action plan. TRANSPARENCY IN THE NPT REVIEW PROCESS By joining the NPT, nuclear-weapon states recognized their responsibility to pursue negotiations on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to reductions ofeliminating those weapons. 8 The Principles and Objectives also established the first elements of accountability in this process the states parties expressed their desire to create a mechanism that would include periodic evaluations of the progress in achieving the goals of the treaty, including progress in nuclear disarmament. However, no practical steps in that direction had been made at the time. The final document of the 2000 NPT Review Conference included more specific language regarding periodic evaluation of progress towards nuclear disarmament. The Conference required all states parties to submit regular reports on the implementation of article VI and on the earlier commitment to pursue systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons. This requirement was also included in the action plan adopted by the 2010 NPT Review


Conference. 9 The 2010 action plan also included a specific proposal regarding accountability in the nuclear disarmament process by encouraging nuclear-weapon states to agree on a standard reporting form and to determine reporting intervals for providing information. The plan also invited the United Nations to establish a publicly accessible repository of the information provided by the nuclear-weapon states. Following the Review Conference, the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs created a web page that will serve this purpose. However, since no information has yet been submitted, the page displays a statement of intent: Information will be made available on this web page once Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, document NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I), 1995, annex, decisionon the number of strategic launchers and deployed warheads provided in accordance with New START, the United States has also released data on the number of nuclear weapons in its active nuclear arsenal. In its most recent New START data report, the United States declared that in September 2012 it had 1,722 deployed strategic warheads. 13 The actual number of warheads in the US arsenal is larger according to the warhead declaration, made in 2010, the United States had 5,113 nuclear weapons in its active force and several thousand retired warheads awaiting dismantlement. 14 According to independent estimates, there are about 3,000 retired warheads in the dismantlement queue. 15 The 2010 declaration also contained historical data on the size of the US active nuclear arsenal, which allowed the


United States to demonstrate progress in reductions of its nuclear forces. However, the US government made no commitment to publish this kind of information on a regular basis. Also, some important information about the US nuclear arsenal remains unavailable. For example, the United States has not released data on the number of its nuclear warheads deployed in Europe. Independent estimates suggest that there are about 200 nuclear weapons deployed there. 16 In contrast to the United States, the Russian Federation has never officially released data about its nuclear forces or fissile material holdings beyond what was required by international agreements, including US Russian arms control treaties. Furthermore, the Russian Federation has never publicly 10 United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Repository of information provided by nuclear-weapon states, Reviewmake its nuclear arsenal more transparent in some areas and has been more reserved in others. In 1994, President Mitterrand provided details about the number of French nuclear-weapon delivery systems, the number of nuclear tests France had conducted, and the approximate number of available nuclear warheads (about 500). 19 Most recently, President Sarkozy stated in 2008 that France could and should be more transparent with respect to her nuclear arsenal than anyone ever has been, and announced a planned reduction of the nuclear arsenal to fewer than 300 warheads. 20 Sarkozy also declared that France is completely transparent because she has no other weapons beside those in her operational stockpile. This statement seems to support the absence of a reserve of warheads, as is the case of some


other nuclear-weapon states. The United Kingdom has demonstrated a fairly high level of transparency of its nuclear forces over the past few decades. The 1998 Strategic Defence Review announced the United Kingdom s commitment to be as open as possible about Britain s nuclear forces. 21 The review also concluded that the United Kingdom needs less than 200 operationally available warheads and that it will limit the total number of weapons in its arsenal. 22 In the Strategic Defence Review completed in 2010, the United Kingdom confirmed its position on openness, stating that greater transparency about nuclear programmes adds to international trust and security. The review disclosed that the United Kingdom would reduce its requirement for operationally available warheads from fewer than 160 to no more than 120,the size of its nuclear arsenal. PROGRESS TOWARDS A COMMON STANDARD The action plan adopted at the 2010 NPT Review Conference brought new attention to the effort to develop a mechanism that would allow the nuclear-weapon states to release information about their arsenals and demonstrate systematic and progressive efforts to reduce nuclear weapons. As part of this effort, non-nuclear-weapon states have put forward a number of proposals that indicate their strong interest in creating a working transparency and accountability mechanism within the NPT review process. In 2008, Japan submitted a proposal that the nuclear-weapon states should disclose information about their progress towards nuclear disarmament. 28 According to this proposal, that information would include the extent of reductions in nuclear stockpiles, the number of deployed warheads and delivery systems,


as well as the status of fissile material production and plans to dispose of excess military material. 25 Permanent Mission of the People s Republic of China to the United Nations Office at Geneva and other International Organizations in Switzerland, Transparency in armaments, 16 April 2004, 26 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People s Republic of China, Fact sheet: China: nuclear disarmament and reduction of, 27 April 2004, 27 H.M. Kristensen and R.S. Norris, Chinese nuclear forces, 2011, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 67, no. 6, Preparatory Committee for the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Cluster 1: Nuclear Disarmament: Working Paper Submitted by Japan, document NPT/CONF.2010/PC.II/WP.10, 28 April 2008.

16 7 At the 2010 NPT ReviewConference, Australia and New Zealand put forward a proposal that nuclear-weapon states submit information in four key areas nuclear doctrine, policy regarding fissile materials, warhead and delivery vehicle numbers, and strategic and tactical reductions. 29 The proposal suggested that nuclear-weapon states could report the current numbers, expressed as reductions, of warheads and delivery vehicles during the NPT review cycle and submit information on projected reductions. Most recently, a transparency proposal was developed by a group of non-nuclear-weapon states, known as the Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative. 30 This proposal further developed the approach suggested by Australia and New Zealand in 2010 and accommodated earlier ideas regarding transparency as well. 31 The Initiative submitted its draft of a nuclear disarmament reporting form for consideration by the nuclear-weapon states ahead of


the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Working Paper Submitted by Australia and New Zealand, document NPT/CONF.2010/WP.40, 22 April The group is also known as the Friends of Non-Proliferation Treaty or the Berlin Ten. It includes Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. 31 Preparatory Committee for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Transparency of Nuclear Weapons: The Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative, document NPT/CONF.2015/PC.I/WP.12*, 20 April Statement of the Third Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative, New York, 21 September Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations in New York, First P5 follow-up meeting to the NPT Review Conference (Paris, June 30thJuly 1st, 2011) statement by the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, 1 July 2011, 34 Ibid.; US Department of State, Third P5 conference: implementing the NPT, 29 June 2012, www. state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/06/ htm. 35 Ibid.; Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations in New York, First P5 follow-up meeting to the NPT Review Conference (Paris, June 30th July 1st, 2011) statement by the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, 1 July 2011,

17 8 a meaningful picture of progress. Unless there is a clear, mutual understanding of what is involved in nuclear reductions, data in reporting forms might actually tell a distorted story of disarmament efforts and even become a source of misunderstanding and distrust. The lack of commonly accepted definitions of


Federation have created increasingly elaborate legal and institutional mechanisms to support their efforts to limit and reduce nuclear arsenals. The first transparency measures were implemented in the SALT I agreements, signed in 1972, 36 in which the parties agreed not to interfere with national technical means, such as satellite observation, that were used to verify compliance. The next arms control agreement negotiated by the United States and the Soviet Union, SALT II, included a limited exchange of data about the composition of strategic nuclear forces, but did not provide for other transparency measures or include inspection procedures. Nevertheless, the SALT agreements confirmed the essential role of transparency in nuclear arms control. In the 1980s, the United States and the Soviet Union achieved a significant breakthrough in the areaof transparency. The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, signed in 1987, included provisions for exchange of detailed data on intermediate-range missiles, as well as for on-site inspections to verify information submitted in the data exchange and elimination of missiles, and for monitoring of production facilities. The INF Treaty also established an important precedent by directly involving non-nuclear-weapon states in nuclear disarmament activities. First, the United States and the Soviet Union concluded separate agreements with the states that had missile bases and other facilities on their territories in order to allow inspection activities there. 37 Second, after 36 SALT refers to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. 37 The United States signed agreements with West Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, and Italy. The Soviet Union had agreements with East


Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.

18 9 the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation and most other former Soviet republics were recognized as successor states. Four of the states that had inspectable facilities on their territory the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine actively participated in the treaty activities, which included data exchange, consultations, notifications, and inspections. Since inspection activities of the INF Treaty ended in 2001, these states continue to exchange information as required by the treaty. 38 Since the treaty is of unlimited duration, the data exchanges will continue as long as the treaty remains in force. The data exchange, notification, and inspection provisions were also included in the US Soviet START I Treaty that reduced strategic nuclear arsenals. 39 The treaty, signedin 1991, required the parties to submit biannual declarations that contained data on strategic nuclear forces, and included provisions for notification on a range of activities related to deployment and operations of nuclear forces as well as conversion and elimination of delivery vehicles and their launchers. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, four former Soviet states became parties to the treaty the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. Between 1994 and 2009, while the treaty remained in force, all five parties to the treaty exchanged information on their strategic forces and participated in inspection activities. 40 The next US Russian arms control agreement, the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT), signed in 2002 in Moscow, demonstrated that progress towards greater transparency cannot be taken for granted. The treaty


committed the Russian Federation and the United States to reducing their respective nuclear arsenals to between 1,700 and 2,200 strategic nuclear warheads, but never specified the meaning of this term. 41 Even after the treaty entered into force, the parties did not develop a common approach to accounting for the warheads limited by the agreement. Instead, each state used its own definition, which called into question verifiability and irreversibility of the reductions and undermined the confidence-building value of the treaty. Also, the treaty included no verification measures that would help resolve the uncertainty surrounding the terms of the agreement. New START, which was signed by the United States and the Russian Federation in April 2010 and entered into force in February 2011, superseded SORT and returned to the2012, available at start_and_inf_treaty_inspectio.shtml. 39 START I refers to the Treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms. 40 Statement of Jamie F. Mannina, Spokesman in the US Department of State s Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, 17 December 2012, available at start_and_inf_treaty_inspectio.shtml. 41 Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Strategic Offensive Reductions, article I.

19 10 NEW START TRANSPARENCY PROVISIONS New START established three central limits on the strategic nuclear forces of the Russian Federation and the United States. It requires the parties to reduce the number of deployed strategic delivery vehicles to no more than 700 and the number of deployed warheads to no


more than 1,550. Also, the total number of launchers, deployed and non-deployed, should be reduced to no more than 800. The reductions will have to be completed by the end of the seven-year period since entry into force by February After that, the treaty provisions will remain in force until The parties will also have the option of extending the treaty for five years. In terms of the numbers, the reductions called for in New START are relatively modest. In fact, the first data exchange showed that, at the time the treaty entered into force in February 2011, the Russian Federation was already below the treaty limits on deployed systems it had 1,537 deployed warheads on 521 deployed strategic delivery vehicles. The numbers declared by the United StatesLi Baodong Head of the Chinese Delegation at

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Performance Goal 2.4.1 By September 30, 2017, achieve key milestones to promote arms control and nonproliferation by implementing the President s Prague Agenda of steps toward a world without nuclear weapons;

National Interest Analysis [2014] ATNIA 22 with attachment on consultation Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of India on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy

THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY WITH REGARD TO HUMAN SECURITY Conference on Nuclear Weapons and Human Security Sanremo International Institute of Humanitarian Law Italian Ministry of

Chapter 2 Strengthening of the Japan-U.S. Alliance Based on the Japan U.S. Security Treaty, the Japan-U.S.Security Arrangements, together with Japan s own efforts, constitute the cornerstone for Japan

United Nations A/CONF.217/CRP.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 26 July 2012 Original: English United Nations Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty New York, 2-27 July 2012 The draft of the Arms Trade Treaty

Security Council Distr- GENERAL S/23500 31 January 1992 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH NOTE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL At the conclusion of the 3046th meeting of the Security Council, held at the level

Introduction to Special Edition on University Nonproliferation Education and Training PNNL-SA-50159 Nonproliferation, like many aspects of security, has not played out as many expected following the end

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Database Summary of the 11 th Heads of State Summit, Cartagena, Colombia (1995) General Views on Disarmament and NAM Involvement DISARMAMENT (Annex II:


The Call from Columbia,

International transfers of nuclear material An overview of the Agency's safeguards role and activities in this area by Joseph Nardi The development of the peaceful use of nuclear energy has led to increased

United Nations The Arms Trade Treaty Preamble The States Parties to this Treaty, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Recalling Article 26 of the Charter of the United

NSS 2014 UK NATIONAL PROGRESS REPORT March 2014 1. Support for the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism

The North Atlantic Treaty (1949) Washington D.C. - 4 April 1949 The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter ofthe United Nations and their desire to live

Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Overview of US and UK Cooperation to Address Technical Challenges in Verification of Nuclear Disarmament United Kingdom and United States of America May 2, 2014 US-UK Technical

United Nations Security Council Distr.: General 6 January 2005 S/AC.44/2004/(02)/96 Original: English Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (2004) Note verbale dated 30 December

Joint Declaration On the Establishment of the Regional Co-operation Council (RCC) Representatives of the Participating States of the South East European Co-operation Process (SEECP), the United Nations

2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 22 April 2015 NPT/CONF.2015/WP.30 Original: English New York, 27 April-22 May 2015 Humanitarian impact of

COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR-TEST-BAN TREATY PREAMBLE The States Parties to this Treaty (hereinafter referred


cooperative security

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 12 December 2006 16694/06 PESC 1278 CONOP 74 CODUN 38 COVER NOTE from : General Secretariat to : Delegations Subject : EU Strategy against the proliferation of WMD:

Check Against Delivery Presentation to 21 st Asian Export Control Seminar The Wassenaar Arrangement and the ATT 26-28 February 2014 Tokyo, Japan It is a pleasure to join the Asian Export Control Seminar

Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties 1978 Done at Vienna on 23 August 1978. Entered into force on 6 November 1996. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1946, p. 3 Copyright United

Plutonium Watch Tracking Plutonium Inventories by David Albright and Kimberly Kramer July 25, Revised August 25 Plutonium is a key ingredient in nuclear weapons, making it one ofthe most dangerous materials

Name Date DBQ 13: Start of the Cold War (Adapted from Document-Based Assessment for Global History, Walch Education) Historical Context: Between 1945 and 1950, the wartime alliance between the United States

Beyond the United Kingdom: Trends in the Other Nuclear Armed States Ian Kearns Discussion Paper 1 of the BASIC Trident Commission An independent, cross-party commission to examine UK nuclear weapons policy

FIFTH REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE STATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION AND BWC/CONF.V/COW/WP.28 STOCKPILING OF BACTERIOLOGICAL 27 November 2001 (BIOLOGICAL) AND

Erich Reiter and Johann Frank The European Security Strategy Austrian Perspective The following essay gives the Austrian view on the ESS from a security political perspective and analyses the needs and

JAMES MARTIN CENTER FOR NONPROLIFERATION STUDIES Twentieth Anniversary Celebration:


the Financial Monitoring Service under the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan on execution of The 2007-2011 Action Plan for implementation of the National Strategy for Combatting Corruption

Memorandum of Understanding on Labour Cooperation The Department of Labour of New Zealand, in the name of New Zealand and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People s Republic of

Policy Recommendations on Japan-Australia Security Cooperation The Eighth Japan-Australia Track 1.5 Dialogue, co-hosted by the Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) and the Australian Strategic

This policy brief analyses the EU s positioning at the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The EU does not have a delegation to international organisations in The Hague, but in

Second Meeting of the Council Summary of Conclusions Prague Document onFurther Development of CSCE Institutions and Structures Declaration on Non-Proliferation and Arms Transfers Prague, 1992 2PRAG92.e

2015 Country RepTrak The World s Most Reputable Countries July 2015 The World s View on Countries: An Online Study of the Reputation of 55 Countries RepTrak is a registered trademark of Reputation Institute.

Summary Russian-Dutch Bilateral Seminar "THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY IN NUCLEAR SECURITY GOVERNANCE: MOVING TO THE 2014 NUCLEAR SECURITY SUMMIT IN THE HAGUE" On September 3, 2013 PIR Center and the Embassy

The International Migrant Stock: A Global View United Nations Population Division International migration is increasingly recognized as an important issue in the modern world where economic globalization

International Atomic Energy Agency Derestricted 18 September 2004 (This document has been derestricted at the meeting of the Board on 18 September 2004)


Sen. Blumenthal Probes Whether Gorsuch Nomination Should Be Blocked

David Greene talks to Democratic Sen. Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, who has said if Neil Gorsuch is out of the mainstream, he will pursue every legal tool to block Gorsuch's nomination.

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

Earlier this week, President Trump announced his choice to replace former Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. He has chosen Neil Gorsuch, a federal judge who's been hailed by conservative groups. Some Democrats are not as thrilled, and many say they have questions for the president's nominee. Among them is Senator Richard Blumenthal. He is a Democrat from Connecticut, and he joins us on the line this morning.

Senator, good morning.

RICHARD BLUMENTHAL: Good morning to you, David. Thank you.

GREENE: Well, thanks for being here. You have tweeted that if youthe Bratex case in Sri Lanka.

Union leaders and members are harassed, discriminated against or fired, for example after raising labour rights violations, as happened at Busana Prima Global in Indonesia.

Union leaders or members are confronted with violence, arrest or imprisonment, as happened to workers of the Power Loom Mazdoor Union in Pakistan.

Factory management denies the right to collective bargaining of the terms of employment as happened in the Turkish Hera Tekstil case.

Payment and Contracts issues

this includes the right to a living wage, to no forced overtime, to proper payment of overtime, but also illegal factory closures and not paying legally owned severance payment.

Examples of violations

Illegally subcontracted workers who are discriminated against and receive even lower wages than their colleagues, because of additional deductions, as happend to the Contemporary


Classic workers in India.

Workers are forced to work overtime without their consent – and sometimes even without being paid for it. The Orion Conmerx case in India is one of many.

Illegal factory closures often result in not paying workers overdue salaries or severance pay, or not paying compensation to which workers are legally entitled. Examples we worked on in 2012 include the closed Kizone factory in Indonesia, and Hey Tekstil in Turkey.

Health, Fire and Safety

the right to a safe and healthy workplace. Many of the cases that we worked on in 2012 were related to unsafe working conditions in garment factories.

Examples of violations

In 2012 alone, hundreds of workers have lost their lives or been seriously injured because they were trapped in factories that burnt down. Tragic examples includeTazreen in Bangladesh and Ali Enterprises in Pakistan, with at least 269 and 112 fatalities respectively.

Workers developing a disease as a result of the work they are doing (a so-called occupational disease), as happened in the case of Dynamic Casting in China.

Persecution and other threats

Other labour rights violations include child labour, gender discrimination, and other extraordinary violations including persecution and even murder.

In 2012, Thai publisher and labour rights defender Somyot was imprisoned for 'insulting the king' and in Bangladesh, labour rights activist Aminul Islam was killed.

Billy Yates from the USA, who has been actively involved in pressuring some of the biggest brands in the worldSigmund Hegstad from Norway, who includes a living wage for garment workers into his vision of the world


Joseph Fan Zhongliang

Joseph Fan Zhongliang S.J. (; 18 December 1918 – 16 March 2014), also known as Josephus Vei Zong Leong, was a Chinese Roman Catholic bishop in the Diocese of Shanghai in China.

Life
Fan was baptised aged 14. He joined the Jesuits in 1938 and became a priest in 1951. He was arrested together with Bishop Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei of Shanghai and other priests in 1955. He was convicted of counter-revolutionary activities and sentenced to 20 years in jail in 1958 and sent to a work camp in Qinghai Province.

After his release in 1978, he taught at a high school in Qinghai. The Bishop of Qinghai ordained him Coadjutor Bishop of Shanghai on 27 February 1985, while the Bishop was in jail.

Security police arrested him again on numerousoccasions, and ransacked his flat. In 1992, the accounts of the entire Shanghai underground church were closed down, along with many of the Bishop's personal accounts, including the bishopric.

Formally, Cardinal Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei was the leader of the church in Shanghai. After a long prison sentence in China, he moved to the United States, and died there in 2000. At that point, the Holy See appointed Fan Zhongliang as the successor of Cardinal Kung as the Bishop of Shanghai.

Later, the Chinese Communist Party named Aloysius Jin Luxian, SJ as the Bishop of Shanghai, causing a rift in the Church. Both bishops were advanced in years, and due to a change in the political climate in the People's Republic of China, decided to work together. They, with the support


A couple accused of training children to carry out mass shootings at a Muslim compound in the New Mexico desert were planning to attack an Atlanta hospital.

Despite the new revelation, there has been relatively little recent national coverage of the Muslim compound story. Most coverage stopped two weeks ago.

CNN's story about the compound Sunday has been labeled a "sympathy piece." CNN wrote how the family struggled with life off the grid and mentioned that a neighbor of the family remembered seeing "how one of the men tenderly wiped the nose of a crying child."

But prosecutors in Taos County allege that the leaders of the compound, including the son of prominent Muslim Imam Siraj Wahhaj, were training children to commit school shootings and that the 11 children were livingin "filthy" and "appalling" conditions. The remains of Wahhaj's missing 3-year-old grandson were found at the compound.

According to prosecutors, Jany Leveille, one of the defendants in the case, "specifically" mentioned Grady Hospital in Atlanta as a "corrupt" institution, due to "treatment she and her mother received there."

Investigators also found a 10-page, handwritten document entitled "Phases of a Terrorist Attack" at the compound. The document includes "instructions for the one-time terrorist."

Authorities also said one of the adults, Lucas Morton, said he wanted to die in a terror attack as a "martyr," and defendants Leveille and Subhannah Wahhaj joked about dying in jihad.


The country also suffered severe economic sanctions levied against it by the US and EU.

Data usages abnormally went up when the country went into a national lockdown to curb the spread of the deadly coronavirus. As people have been practically imprisoned at home, the use of services such as Netflix, Youtube and other social media platforms increased, causing the existing bandwidth an overburden.

Banks closing, cryptocurrency services to help ease the pressure

The Venezuelan government ordered all banks operating in the country to close as they serve as gathering places for lots of people, which might be dangerous nowadays. Any banking service that involves person-to-person physical contact has closed with only ATM and internet banking options available. Many people who relied on banks for their day-to-day businesses are unable toexisting service levels in city – 25 out of 100 points, institutional systems and capacities – 15 points, self-financing – 25 points and past track record and reforms carries 30 points.

The other criteria for evaluation of Smart City aspirants in phase-1 of the city selection include the percentage of increase over Census 2011 in providing household toilets – 10 points, imposing penalties for delay in service delivery – 5 points, audit of accounts up to 2012-13 carry 5 points, progress in respect of six urban local body level reforms – 10 points and percentage of JNNURM projects implemented carry 10 points.

In phase-1, the state governments will also have to evaluate the cities in their state based on these criteria and nominate the top performers as per the number


begins the story of the struggle between hell and paradise, where you will play a key role. Who is the traitor? Because of whom mankind was destroyed early?

All this is hidden, perhaps in one of the coolest stories created over the past few years. This game completely immerse you into the world of the Apocalypse. Stock up on tissues, as from time to time there is a desire to wipe the face of angelic and demonic blood flowing river on the monitor screen and you're surprised the entire building in the window, when you come off of the game.

Features:- The story of the famous Joe Madureira. The visual style and the script developed by the author of the popular comic Joe Madureira (X-Men, Battle Chasers, and The Ultimates).mouth. Similar drawings are mailed to Georges's workplace and Pierrot's school. Disturbed, the Laurents turn to the French police, who determine the tapes are too harmless to be considered criminal activity. The Laurents host a dinner party that is interrupted by the delivery of another videotape, with a crude drawing of a chicken bleeding at its neck. When Anne discloses the stalking to their friends, Georges puts the tape in the VCR, and finds it shows the estate where he grew up.

Georges begins to have vivid dreams about Majid, a boy he knew in childhood. Majid's Algerian parents worked as farmhands on Georges's family estate but disappeared in the Paris massacre of 1961. Feeling responsible for Majid, Georges's parents intended to adopt him, but the process was never


Leading Ladies: Jeanne Evans-Cox

Executive Director, Central Business District Association

By Leona Baker

If all politics really is local, Jeanne Evans-Cox is uniquely positioned for her role at the helm of Virginia Beach’s Central Business District Association (CBDA), an organization that bills itself as the “voice of the business community in Virginia Beach and beyond.”

Representing the interests of about 150 member companies in and around Town Center, designated by the city as the “Pembroke Strategic Growth Area,” Evans-Cox spends her days hopping from board and committee meetings to calls with city and elected officials to fun, after-hours mixers with the CBDA’s young professional division.

According to its website, the CBDA “works with government, community and business leaders in developing meaningful relationships to promote the area as a primary center for business whichThe present disclosure is related to systems and methods for delivering medical gases in a hospital room. More specifically, the present disclosure is related to a medical gas delivery system for delivering various medical gases to a hospital room.
Clinical care settings, such as a hospital room, for example, serve a two-fold purpose of delivering healthcare services. In the first instance, the hospital room serves as an area for delivery of medical care. In the second instance, the hospital room serves as a residence for a recuperating patient.
With regard to the delivery of healthcare services, the hospital room must include state of the art technology accessible to the healthcare provider during the delivery of care. As the acuity of a patient's illness or injury increases, the complexity of additional


in the same area as the archaeological peyote specimens) can be seen as evidence for early peyotism.

Sunday, March 05, 2006

I just received the new Kaktusy Special monograph on Lophophora. It comprehensively describes the distribution, characteristics and classification of the genus. In an attempt to resolve some of the taxonomic confusion surrounding Lophophora the authors propose a division of the genus into two sections and a change of rank.

Based on factors like chemical composition, habitats, incompatibility of the species, rib numbers and morphology, etc, a division of the genus into the two sections Lophophora and Diffusae is proposed.

Section Lophophora comprises the various forms of the species L. williamsii including the type species (hence the autonym for the section).

The authors argue convincingly for the taxonomic revision but it would haveof literature references would have been helpful. That being said, The genus Lophophora must be recommended to anyone interested in these fascinating plants.

The booklet is written by Jaroslav Bohata, Vojtĕch Myšák, and Jaroslav Šnicer; it comprises 48 pages, contains 89 color photos, 3 black and white photos, and 6 drawings. It is available from the Society of Czech and Slovak Cactus and Succulent Growers. Apart from the English edition I believe German and Czech editions are published as well.

Update - March 21, 2006I have to mention the review of the Genus Lophophora published in the latest edition of CactusWorld (the journal of the British Cactus and Succulent Society). According to the reviewer this work “boldly goes where no taxonomist has gone before” in the attempt at clarifying the


JIMMY MCDONOUGH

tammy wynette: tragic country queen

Paperback, 432 Seiten, Sprache: Englisch. In the first full-scale biography of the enduring first lady of country music, "New York Times"-bestselling biographer McDonough tells the story of the small-town girl whose meteoric rise led to a decades-long career full of tragedy and triumph. *PenguinBEN Simmons just made a statement.

The Australian point guard put forward one of the best individual performances of his young career, against the best player in the world, in the biggest game of the Philadelphia 76ers’ season.

He finished with a triple-double. LeBron James finished with a triple-double. But, when it was all said and done, Simmons was the one to lead his team to a big win; a 132-130 76ers win over the Cleveland Cavaliers.

Simmons came out of the gates as strong as ever, and continued his impressive play over the game, finishing with 27 points, 15 rebounds, and 13 assists, the 12th triple-double of his rookie year.

Wednesday September 23rd

The 76ers led by as many as 30 points in the second quarter, showing off the ball and player


Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the leader of the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party speaks on a mobile phone during a session at the Parliament in Warsaw, Poland January 30, 2019. Agencja Gazeta/Slawomr Kaminski via REUTERS

WARSAW (Reuters) - Poland’s nationalist ruling party pledged on Saturday to increase public spending by up to $10 billion a year, raising child subsidies, state pensions and transport infrastructure as part of a campaign ahead of this year’s parliamentary election.

The eurosceptic Law and Justice (PiS) party won power in 2015 in part because of wide public support for its expansive welfare programs and promises of more economic equality.

With a general election due in late 2019, PiS remains the most popular party in Poland but a string of scandals has eroded its support, raising some doubtsprepared to do, and for which there were no designated tools or instruments.

A craniotomy—brain surgery.

LBJ is a Level III trauma center, which provides comprehensive medical and surgical services with the exception of neurosurgical care.

In other words, they don’t do brain surgery.

………………..

Around 8 p.m., a middle-aged man arrived at the hospital on the back of a dump truck with a large bump protruding from his head.

“The story that we had received from his family was that a son or grandson had gone missing in the middle of the flood and he went out on an ATV to go look for him,” said Merry Philip, administrative director of nursing at LBJ’s emergency center. “During the time he was out, he hit something and got a head injury. As soon as


staring at the brain,” Askenasy said.

…………….

A busy general and colorectal surgeon, Askenasy spends three days a week at UTHealth and two at LBJ. He operates on Mondays at LBJ, and on Fridays he typically sees patients in clinic.

Twelve years ago, though, he began his medical career in neurosurgery.

“I was at Baylor for two years in the neurosurgical program and then I decided I enjoyed general surgery because there was more opportunity to do mission work,” Askenasy said. During those two years at Baylor College of Medicine, however, he did have some surgical responsibilities.

“As a resident, I was assisting and taking part in surgeries,” Askenasy said, “but I had an attending with me in the room. I was never unsupervised.”

He had been present for craniotomies, but he had neverlived Salmacis, a nymph who had fallen in love with him, but who suffered after being blatantly friendzoned. When she saw him, she embraced him tightly and prayed to the gods that they become one eternally. From then on, every man who bathed in that lake became effeminate. Alternative stories say that he was “born that way.” As we might tell, this where the term “hermaphrodite” comes from, referring to organisms with both female and male reproductive organs.

2. Agdistis (Phrygian, Greek, Roman)

Yet another mind-blowing story originated because Zeus couldn’t keep it in his pants! As a result of him raping Great Mother (Gaia) while she slept on the rock Agdo, a creature was born with both female and male genitals. (S)he was named Agdistis. The gods were scared


of this superhuman of double gender, and plotted to make Agdistis auto-castrate. Dionysus secretly tied Agdistis’ feet to his/her penis during sleep, so it would be pulled at the moment (s)he got up. Her blood fertilized the earth, and the penis became an almond tree. Sometime later, the daughter of the god Sangarius would get pregnant at the moment she put some almonds from that tree on her lap; and Agdistis would fall in love with her own son, Attis.

3. Hapi (Egyptian)

Hapi was the god of the Nile River. Although male, Hapi was related to fertility and to the ability to provide food to Egypt. He was considered responsible for the annual flooding of the Nile, which kept the lands from becoming a desert and made farming possible.Since fertility and nourishing were typical female traits, he presents physical features of both sexes: big breasts, a fake beard, a large belly, and aquatic plants on his head (!). Interestingly, there were two Hapi: one in upper Egypt and one in lower Egypt, and both of them had a wife… We can bet they were happy!

4. Ardhanarishvara (Hindu)

Literally named “the Lord who is half woman.” Ardhanarishvara is a god composed of half Shiva (god of destruction and regeneration) and the god Parvati (a form of Shakti, wife of Shiva). Other of Ardhanarishvara’s names mean “man-woman,” “mother-father,” and “the Lord whose half is the fair one.” It symbolizes the inseparability of female and male energies in the universe, the integrity of marital union, and the power of fertility


effeminate man. In Chinese theater, (s)he wears female clothes, but sounds like a male.

6. Ymir (Norse)

The tales of the Origin of the Cosmos of Norse mythology tell about the rising flames from Muspelheim that encountered the frost from Niflheim, creating a splatter of mass and energy in the abyss of Ginnungagap. As the ice melted, Ymir, a hermaphrodite, was born. Later, a cow named Auðumbla emerged from the drops, and fed him. The earth was created out of Ymir’s flesh and bones when he was killed by the god Odin: of his blood the sea/ of his bones the hills/ of his hair trees and plants/ of his skull the heaven… So says the Poetic Edda. It is thought that the name “Ymir” comes from the Norse “um,”at that moment, and had two faces, two sexes, golden wings, bulls’ heads growing from the sides, and snakes embracing his body. This primal god represented the ability to reproduce, and was therefore the one to initiate life. Some say that Zeus ate him, incorporating into his body all powers, forms of nature and immortals that Phanes contained, which made it possible to bring them out at Mount Olympus.

10. Ahsonnutli (Navaho)

As the Navaho people migrated to find a habitable place, they got to this world, which was in complete darkness. They talked to Ahsonnutli, the “Turquoise Hermaphrodite” who lived in the Ure Mountains. Ahsonnutli was at the same time a male creator god; in consequence, it is thought that her sexual partner was, so to say, her other


self. She carried turquoise beads in her left breast, and white beads in her right breast. After much struggle, with help from the carriers of the “Chanteen” (sun rays) and twelve men living at each of the cardinal points, she managed to make the sun rise. She then appointed the forty-eight men to stay at the cardinal points and hold the heavens up.Boris Johnson was the Mayor of London during Monos' graffiti attacks on London landmarks in 2012. When he gave a statement to the press on BBC News, he promised that the miscreant would be sorry for his actions. (COMIC: Sticks & Stones) Annie jokingly referred to the Russian mercenary Grigor as "Boris-not-Johnson". (AUDIO: And You Will Obey Me)

Giles told the PROBE team he "didn't want to be Boris Johnson". (PROSE: The Door We Forgot)

By 2020, Johnson was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was kidnapped by Sorb and Sarg and stored on their ship. Lucy Wilson and Hobo Kostinen later freed him along with the rest of the human race. (PROSE: The Edge of Glory)

Behind the scenes Edit

Boris Johnson's likeness appears on a gigantic humanoid machine


which chases the Eleventh Doctor and Alice Obiefune in the 2017 comic Remembrance. This machine lives on the planet Britzit-247 alongside a bloodthirsty horde of individuals resembling Nigel Farage.

In the real world, Boris Johnson succeeded Theresa May as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following her resignation in 2019.

After Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced the assembly of four new committees to coordinate various aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak that would report their work in daily meetings dubbed "C-19 meetings", some media outlets reported the reaction of Doctor Who fans who noted a similarity between that of the sinister Department C19.[1][2]

Russell T Davies for the Doctor Who: Lockdown! rewatch wrote Revenge of the Nestene, in which the last trace of the Nestene Consciousness merges with someone blonde in Westminster.Nick Foles, seen here in the Eagles' preseason game vs. the Panthers, said he still wants to prove that he's a "great quarterback." (USA Today Images)

Nick Foles did not sound like a guy who had just lost a competition for the Eagles' starting quarterback job.

Based on his comments after Tuesday's practice, you might have thought the Eagles' starting quarterback competition was still going or that Foles had even won.

Because if he was even the least bit disappointed with Chip Kelly's decision to name Michael Vick the Eagles' starting quarterback (see story), he certainly didn't show it.

Foles seemed happier for Vick than he did sorry for himself.

"The competitor in me -- you always want to be playing," he said. "But at the same time, I love Mike. We've gone


can to make Vick and his teammates better. There was no selfishness or resentment or even sadness in the way Foles handled himself.

He said he took "one-tenth of a second" to process the information, and then re-focused on practice -- pretty much the opposite of everyone who will be calling into sports talk radio stations Tuesday.

Foles started six games in his rookie season after Vick went down with an injury. The Eagles went just 1-5 with Foles as the starter, but the blame could hardly be placed on him.

In seven games, Foles completed 60.8 percent of his passes for 242 yards per game, six touchdowns and five interceptions. If anything, he was one of the few bright spots in an otherwise horrid season that got Andy Reid firedand ultimately made Chip Kelly in charge of the quarterback race once the Eagles decided to bring back Vick on a one-year deal.

Through two games this preseason, Foles completed 78 percent of his passes on four drives, turning the ball over once in each game but leading the offense to a touchdown on its next possession on both occasions. And though he isn't as athletic as Vick, Foles has shown surprising mobility, scrambling around in the backfield and completing throws on the run in an offense many assumed would not fit him well.

But beyond playing the good soldier behind Vick, it's unclear what's next. Kelly said Tuesday Foles will be with the Eagles Week 1, amidst speculation that the team could look to trade him.

Given Vick's injury history


State of the Right

Associated Channels

On November 29th, Social Science Matrix will host a panel discussion entitled, “Reflections on the 2016 Election and the Republican Party Under President Trump.” We spoke with one of the panelists—Dr. Lawrence Rosenthal, Founding Director, Chair, and Lead Researcher of the Center for Right Wing Studies—to hear his thoughts on the election.

On November 29th, Social Science Matrix will host a panel sponsored by the Center for Right Wing Studies entitled, “Reflections on the 2016 Election and the Republican Party Under President Trump.” Participants include Dr. Lawrence Rosenthal, Founding Director, Chair, and Lead Researcher of the Center for Right Wing Studies; Professor Carole Joffe from UCSF’s Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health; and Professor Paul Pierson, from UC Berkeley’s Department of Political Science. The Centerfor Right Wing Studies supports research that examines the diversity of right-wing movements and brings together scholars and students to discuss right-wing ideology and politics. Below is an interview with Dr. Rosenthal. [This interview has been edited for content.]

Matrix: What are your initial takeaways from the election?

Lawrence Rosenthal: Donald Trump succeeded in galvanizing the populist Right, which in large measure had been part of the Tea Party, where there was existing resentment for the Republican establishment. That resentment had coalesced around the issue of immigration, and what Trump did by coming out so heavily and so outrageously on the question of immigration—both Mexican and anti-Muslim immigration—is galvanize that support in a way that had never been seen before. As his message spread, he brought in new groups beyond


the existing populist right—members of the white working class, particularly men; people who made the transit from voting Democrat to voting Republican; and people who had stopped voting. He mobilized voters who had been indifferent and who hadn’t participated. And finally, he mobilized the American fringe. He mobilized the white nationalist/militia right, who could not believe that the kinds of things they had been thinking about for years and could not get beyond the fringes of American politics were suddenly viable at the level of presidential politics. So in a funny way, what Trump did was take the existing Republican populism and expand it with these other categories, but what he also did successfully was make Hillary Clinton toxic. The push that allowed him to go over thetop was bringing on in August a new campaign management from the alt right—in particular, people who had specialized in, how do we say, conspiracy theories on Hillary Clinton for many years.

Matrix: What does Trump’s win say about the state of the American Right?

Rosenthal: It’s totally transformed. Trump split the Republican Party down the middle between traditional conservatives and populists, and there are many variations in both of those categories, but he split them down the middle and found that traditional conservatives—meaning, post-Ronald Reagan-era conservatives—rejected Trump because he did not stand for the ideological fundamentals the Republican Party had stood for for many years. And he also split the Tea Party along the same lines. The Tea Party finally had a terrific debate within it about Trump vs.


mathematics, chemistry, physics, and biology, and progressing all the way into special-topics senior courses. Our plan ensures sustainability and improvement in Q&C integration well after the 5-year funding period. Our Evaluation Plan provides measurable objectives and assessment criteria for each project goal using formative and summative evaluation. The national MARC Phase II Program's goal and the CSUSM strategic plan are in excellent alignment. The regional minority population growth, the campus commitment to diversity, the success of the current MARC Program and the Phase I Planning Project, the pedagogical expertise of our faculty, the experience of the program director, the existing MBRS SCORE, RISE, and Bridges Programs, and new science buildings equipped with modern scientific instruments and powerful instructional resources collectively make CSUSM an ideal location to operate aThe City of West Kelowna is considering two bylaw amendments aimed at cracking down on commercial marijuana growing operations and dispensaries in the Okanagan city.

City council passed first reading of one bylaw amendment Tuesday afternoon that tightens restrictions around marijuana production facilities.

"I'm glad we're going to have this community discussion," said Mayor Doug Findlater.

The commercial grow operations may soon be limited to industrial zones and buildings with air filtration systems and increased security.

Commercial marijuana facilities would also not be allowed in multi-tenant buildings and would not be permitted close to schools, daycares or churches.

Council was told that staff members are spending considerable time responding to inquiries from people in the medical marijuana industry. The bylaw amendment is meant to provide some clarity.

Main Street dispensaries also a concern

The issue


away. The ball takes a Cubs bounce off a railing right to Lee, who throws out Freel at second. After all that, Dunn destroys the first pitch way the heck out to center. Not sure where it landed. Maybe in the river. Where's the river -- in left or right? Not sure. Dunn takes a curtain call. Zambrano walks Phillips. Phillips takes second on a ball in the dirt that gets away from Barrett. Junior walks. Oh, dear, pithcing coach Larry Rothschild makes his first slow trot of the season. He's still going with that oversized sweatshirt. We're in the third inning and Len finally mentions the impending sale of the team. Talk about burying the lede. Encarnacion bounces to Ramirez, who steps on third, double clutches andfind a few attractive ladies in the crowd. I appears they've yanked Len's privilege of choosing the music for the feature because whatever they just played sounded like something off a 12-year-old's ipod. Cotts stays in there and gets Junior to fly out. Encarnacion singles to left. Hatteberg pops one to shallow left and we have our first Keystone Cops routine of the year. Murton, Izturis and Ramiriez converge on it. Murton takes it but not before Ramirez takes a stab at it and slaps Murton in the chest with his glove, which goes flying. That was a promising but nothing near pop-up-off-Ramirez's-head territory. But there's still time. It's only the opener. That's it for Cotts. Michael Wuertz tries his hand and walks Gonzalez. Ross strikes out.

Reds 5,


An off-site clinical pharmacy service in family medicine: development and 1-year outcomes.
Clinical pharmacists are a part of integrated health care teams and provide clinical medication recommendations for family physicians. On-site clinical pharmacy services are common in family medicine. This model may not be the most effective or efficient way to provide clinical pharmacy services in a small practice or in a remote location. The objectives of this study were to describe the development of an off-site clinical pharmacy service and to describe the 1-year clinical impact of this service. The University of Colorado Park Meadows Family Medicine Clinic is located approximately 15 miles from the Anschutz Medical Campus. In July 2011, a clinical pharmacist implemented clinical pharmacy services with the goal of providing medication expertise primarily using anIT major Tata Consultancy Service (TCS) has set aside Rs 1,100 crore interest free cash advances as relief for TCS employees in Chennai, which saw one of the worst floods in the last 100 years. The money will be disbursed towards loans to employees, grants and for other purposes.

A few days back, Cognizant announced $40 million (Rs 260 crore) to help residents, its employees and business partners in Chennai, with relief and rehabilitation in the aftermath of the recent flooding.

In a letter to TCS employees in Chennai, N Chandrasekaran, Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director, said following the devastating flooding in Chennai, many of the employees have suffered significant losses.

To help them recover, rebuild and reboot their lives quickly, TCS has decided to offer various relief measures to


The defendant then disrobed completely, removed the victim's half slip, and put a pillow over her face. During the next one and a half hours the defendant compelled the victim to engage in acts of cunnilingus, fellatio and four separate acts of sexual intercourse. Upon conclusion of his ravishment defendant fell asleep in his victim's bed. The woman ran to her neighbor's house and called the police. Defendant was subsequently arrested at the victim's home.
Defendant contends that his appointed counsel was so inadequate and so ineffective *239 as to be tantamount to a denial of the right to counsel; that the court erroneously admitted evidence of a prior crime; and that the court erred in allowing five counts  two of rape, two of lewd and lascivious acts,is the fact that rather than taking flight he fell asleep after the completion of the act. The inference to be logically drawn is that defendant was not in fear of being arrested for his actions on that particular occasion because he had done nothing unlawful. Coupled with the sleep factor is the victim's own testimony that she had had two of her three children out of wedlock, had previously engaged in extra-marital sexual relations with at least two other men, and at the time of the rape, although unmarried, was wearing an inter-uterine birth control device. Needless to say, the evidence of the prior rape, where defendant fell asleep in his victim's bed, was extremely relevant and indeed vital proof of the fact that a forcible rape


Privilege Revoked

The government says it can pry into the attorney-client relationship all it wants.

Lynne Stewart, a New York human-rights lawyer with a taste for radical politics, is accustomed to representing unpopular clients.

Related Content

She never dreamed it would become illegal.

Stewart was in Seattle on Monday as part of a national campaign to drum up supportnot for a client, but for her own case. Stewart was a member of the court-appointed defense team for Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, who is serving a life sentence in connection with the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993. After his conviction, Stewart continued as one of the lawyers representing Abdel Rahman. The Seattle visit came just over a year after her arrest April 8, 2002, when she was taken from her home withoutwarning. Federal agents combed through her office, seizing files on all of her cases, and Attorney General John Ashcroft proudly announced that Stewart had been charged in a four-count criminal indictment with aiding and abetting a terrorist organizationsolely for her work in representing Abdel Rahman.

Stewart's case, now winding its way through pretrial motions toward a January trial, stands as a critical test for the Bush administration's newly reserved right to violate lawyer-client confidentiality in order to wage the war on terror. It also has a significant First Amendment component. Stewart's indictment charges her with discussing Abdel Rahman's case with a Reuters reportereven though no gag order barred her from doing so; with talking while an interpreter was speaking with her client during a consultation in his prison cell,


||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Nn  || ene ||  || ene ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Oo  || ó ||  || ó or ô || ,  || , ,
|-
| align=center|  Pp  || pê ||  || pê ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Qq  || quê ||  || quê ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Rr  || erre or rê || ,  || erre ||  || ,
|-
| align=center|  Ss  || esse ||  || esse ||  || ,  ,
|-
| align=center|  Tt  || tê ||  || tê ||  ||  ~
|-
| align=center|  Uu  || uthe word or if the word is compound: órgão "organ", irmã + -zinha ("sister" + diminutive suffix) = irmãzinha "little sister". The form õ is used only in the plurals of nouns ending in -ão (nação → nações) and in the second person singular and third person forms of the verb pôr in the presente tense (pões, põe, põem).

The grave accent marks the contraction of two consecutive vowels in adjacent words (crasis), normally the preposition a and an article or a demonstrative pronoun: a + aquela = àquela "at that", a + a = à "at the". It can also be used when indicating time: "às 4 horas" = "at 4 o'clock". It does not indicate stress.

Sometimes à and ò are used in other contraction forms, e.g.: cò(s)


and cà(s) (from the comparative conjunction ‘than’ and definite articles o and a). (Although, these examples are rare and tend to be called unstandard or dialectal, as well as co(s) and coa/ca(s) from ‘with’ + definite articles).

Some grammatists also denote unstressed [ɛ] and [ɔ] as è and ò respectively.

Previously (till the middle of the 1970‘s), the grave accent was also used to denote accents in words with so-called irregular stress after some changes. E.g., in adverbs formed with -mente affix, as well as in some other cases of indication of slightly-accented or yet unaccented vowels (mostly because of affixal word formation), all of the vowels can take the grave accent mark, e.g.: provàvelmente, genèricamente, analìticamente, pròpriamente, ùnicamente. The main pattern is to change the acute accent mark,becomes Brazilian conosco and words ended in m with suffix -mente added, (like ruimmente and comummente) become ruimente and comumente in Brazilian spelling.

As of 2016, the reformed orthography (1990 Agreement) is obligatory in Brazil, Cape Verde, and Portugal.

See also
Academia Brasileira de Letras
Differences between Spanish and Portuguese
Portuguese names
Portuguese phonology
Spelling reforms of Portuguese
The Vietnamese orthography, partly based on the orthography of Portuguese, through the work of 16th-century Catholic missionaries.
Acordo Ortográfico de 1990
Wikipedia in Portuguese: Ortografia da língua portuguesa
Help:IPA/Portuguese

References

Bergström, Magnus & Reis, Neves Prontuário Ortográfico Editorial Notícias, 2004.
Estrela, Edite A questão ortográfica — Reforma e acordos da língua portuguesa (1993) Editorial Notícias
Formulário Ortográfico (Orthographic Form) published by the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1943 - the present day spelling rules in Brazil
Text of the decree of the Brazilian government, in 1971,


cars, and the event was run in snow. This signified the end of the rally era at Saab, even though Eklund went on to drive an officially-entered Saab 900 Turbo in the British round of the 1997 World Rally Championship. He was Swedish Champion in 1978, beating his team mate Stig Blomqvist. In 1982 Eklund finished 5th overall of the FIA World Rally Championship for Drivers.In August 2016, a private jet linked to Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska traveled from Moscow to Newark Liberty International Airport in Newark, New Jersey. The Gulfstream G550 (registration M-ALAY) landed shortly after midnight and, according to publicly available flight records, flew back to Moscow that same afternoon. Deripaska, 50, is the founder of Basic Element, a Russian industrial conglomerate with massive holdings in aluminum, energy, and construction. With an estimated net worth of $6 billion, he can afford to send a private jet across the globe whenever he wants.

Still, according to a source familiar with the matter, that August flight has caught the attention of congressional investigators, in part because of its timing.

The jet arrived within hours of a meeting in nearby Manhattan between Paul Manafort, then chairman


FIA names Academy shortlist

The FIA names a list of drivers who will try to secure a place on the new Young Driver Excellence Academy scheme

The FIA institute has revealed the shortlist of drivers who will do battle to secure a place on the Young Driver Excellence Academy.

The shortlist of 19 includes drivers from around the world and from a range of disciplines, with single-seater racers like Philipp Eng, Josef Newgarden and Alexander Rossi going up against rally drivers including Andreas Mikkelsen, Adam Gould and Kevin Abbring to secure a place on the ten driver academy.

The 19 drivers will take place in a three-day shootout before the final ten is decided, with former F1 driver Alex Wurz and former WRC title-winning co-driver Robert Reid leading the selection process andSingles Website Online. Following Tinder co-founder Whitney Wolfes dramatic departure-she sued the company for sexual harassment and published her text conversations with fellow co.

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This is what a Grade 2 teacher in Gauteng allegedly said to a 7-year-old girl shortly after slapping her so hard that she collided with the chalkboard.

Her father, a 29-year-old businessman who lives in the Midrand area, told News24 that he and his wife arrived home at around 18:00 last Friday.

"My daughter complained about her left ear, so we gave her painkillers like we usually do when children complain."

On Sunday, when her condition appeared to deteriorate, her parents checked the left ear and noticed that it was a bit swollen.

'Burst into tears'

READ: Racism in schools has not been exaggerated

The little girl was taken to Netcare Hospital in Waterfall.

"The doctor said the ear pain was caused by an injury and not an infection. The doctor


also said the eardrum was affected."

The father of two said he and his wife tried to speak to their daughter about what had happened, but she did not open up.

"On Monday morning, she appeared terrified when we were getting her ready for school. It got worse as we got nearer to the school. She burst into tears.

"I realised whatever was troubling her had something to do with the school."

The man devised a plan to get his daughter comfortable and pretended to know what had happened.

"She told me she was slapped by her teacher on Friday during school hours. She said her teacher was trying to keep the class quiet and then she called her to the front of the class and then slapped her so hard that shecollided with the chalkboard."

Teacher arrested

When the little girl started crying, the teacher, whom she admired, yelled at her.

"Shut up, you idiot, k*****," the woman apparently said.

"My daughter quoted the teacher clearly and it was the first time hearing my daughter using the k-word. I was shocked."

Dropping his daughter off at the school, he told her not to tell the teacher that he knew what had happened.

"When I got to work, I called the principal and told him what my daughter had said and then I went to report the matter [to] the police and gave the police the medical report from the doctor."

On Monday afternoon, shortly before school ended, the police went to the school to arrest the teacher.

The father claims that the woman told the police that


she did not slap the girl hard enough to cause damage, and that she was sorry that the father found the incident to be racial.

"I said to her, whether it was racial or not, she had no right to beat up my child.

"She told me that we would meet in court," the father claimed.

Lesufi 'shocked'

He told News24 that the principal told him the teacher had resigned prior to the incident.

The principal assured the family that he would be sending a report to the department, informing it of what had happened, the father said.

The Gauteng Department of Education on Wednesday confirmed that it was aware of the incident.

MEC Panyaza Lesufi told News24 that the teacher would be served with a notice of intention to suspend, pending an investigation into- Hardy is also 157 kills shy of reaching the 1,000-kill club. In 87 career matches, the junior middle blocker has accumulated 843 kills, and Hardy is on pace to reach the prestigious club at the end of this 2013 season.


He started his career as a promising backup to likely the best center in basketball, Dwight Howard. As his backup, Gortat did an admirable job filling in as a steady defensive presence while the three-time Defensive Player of the Year sat on the bench.

Gortat got his opportunity to shine as a starting center when he was traded to the Phoenix Suns before the 2011 trade deadline. His offensive success with pick and roll aficionado, Steve Nash, carried over to the end of the 2011-2012 season. As a pick-and-roll big man, Gortat finished with 4.8 possessions a game which led the league, per synergy.

However, interestingly enough, the Suns were 1.7 points worse with Gortat on the floor. This could be just statistical noise, as Gortat has been known tofit a kind of trend in the United States that I think if you’re studying this, you find it worrisome,” said Gary LaFree, a professor of criminal justice and director of the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism at the University of Maryland.

The man accused of opening fire at the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church on Wednesday evening, 21-year-old Dylann Storm Roof, appeared to harbor white supremacist beliefs. After his arrest on Thursday, he reportedly told law enforcement officials that he hoped to spark a race war.

The Justice Department has labeled the shooting a hate crime, and on Friday said that it was viewing it as an act of domestic terrorism.

“By any reasonable standard, this is terrorism,” terrorism experts Peter Bergen and


Syrian Civil War

intorg

5 Dec 13, 20:53

The ongoing civil war in Syria which was started on March,2011 can be candidate for one of the most brutal wars in world history. Started as peaceful demonstrations but in following days became a horrible war between Syrian Army and the uprising groups. The opposition was composed of civilians and also escaped officers from the army who did not want to involce in these violence against civilians.

Additionally, Hezbollah also sent troops to fight together with Syrian Army against oppositon. Apart from the Hezbollah, Syrian Ba'ath Government and Army also got support from Iran, Russia and China. As known the last two are the members of the UN security council and have vote to effect the decisions. On the other hand, the opposition ishad lasted for two and a half decades, was broken by the Chinese ASAT test. Thereafter, the United States tested an ASAT missile in 2008, which the international community was much more comfortable with because it was done openly and did not lead to the creation of long-lasting debris.

For India, however, China has been of particular concern. Beijing’s activities in recent years have been driven by competition with the United States, so the capabilities it is developing are much more advanced than what are necessary to deter India. Nonetheless, India has to be mindful of Chinese advances. Following China’s ASAT test, the scientific and technical communities and the Indian Air Force leadership, as well as sections of the political leadership, started debating whether India should be developing its


the weaponization of space capabilities and programs. Nevertheless, there are changes on the ground. There has also been some evolution in India’s stance to developing global regimes for outer space. For instance, if you look at its position in 2011–12, the country was highly critical of the European Union’s effort to develop a code of conduct, arguing that the EU cannot decide what is good for the rest of the world and expect all countries to sign on to the proposal. India has come a long way since then. In the last three years, it has been actively engaged with the United States, all the European countries, and the EU in particular in discussing a code of conduct and other promising mechanisms. Nevertheless, India has continued with itsstated position that transparency and confidence-building measures (TCBM) are worthwhile, but they are only complementary to legally binding mechanisms.

Having said that, India is also beginning to understand and appreciate that in the current political climate, negotiating international treaties will not be easy as long as reaching consensus among the major powers remains a challenge. India has become slightly more pragmatic and now believes that TCBMs may be a good starting point, allowing for a gradual move toward legally binding mechanisms with all the important clauses on verification and enforcement. The best historical precedent would be the Outer Space Treaty, which started with a very loose set of regulations within the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space that went on to become a treaty in 1967.

Has the