in fifth fastest in qualifying time trials.

Finishing second in his heat race, Copeland would go onto the Dash where a third place finish would line him up in the second row of the 30-lap main event.

Getting into the second spot early in the night, Copeland would chase after the race leader Gio Scelzi on what was an extremely slick and racy Keller Auto Speedway. Getting into the top spot on the 16th lap, Copeland would feel pressure from Scelzi and fall back to the second spot on the 20th lap.

A late restart would see Copeland fall back to the third spot, but in the race's closing laps he would get back by Scelzi to take second at the stripe.

Heading to the Thunderbowl Raceway in Tulare, CA on Saturdaynight to battle with the King of the West 410ci Series, Copeland continued to show speed as he timed the DMI/EKR Heating and Cooling/EMI machine in fifth fastest in qualifying time trials.

Picking up the win during his heat race, the Roseville, CA driver would earn a spot in the all-important Dash where a second place finish would put him on the front row of the 30-lap feature event alongside Willie Croft.

When the race went green, Copeland would settle into the second spot as he played hunter and chased after Croft who ran ahead of him on a very technical surface offered up by the Thunderbowl Raceway.

Feeling pressure from third running Rico Abreu, Copeland would actually make a bid for the lead on the 10th lap only to see


and showed that 2015 was no fluke as he raced his way to third and fourth place finishes.

"I thought we had a nice weekend of racing," Crew Chief Billy Muller. "It is always fun to race with Colby, and to be in contention both nights is always a good thing."

Copeland kicked the weekend off by timing the King Racing Products/BR Motorsports/MVT No. 18w machine in third fastest during qualifying time trials before racing his way to a second place finish in his heat race.

By way of his qualifying efforts, the Roseville, CA driver would earn a spot in the night's Dash which he would go on to win and earn the right to start on the pole for the 30-lap feature event.

When Ed Entz's green flag waived, Copelandwas hard on the throttle and jumped out to an early lead. Flexing his muscle, Copeland would distance himself from the field and get into thick lapped traffic early on in the race.

With Andy Forsberg and Cory Eliason chasing Copeland down in traffic, the caution flag would fly just after the race's halfway point and give Copeland clear track. The restart would not go Copeland's way as Forsberg would get the advantage and begin to distance himself from the field.

Struggling to keep pace, Copeland would have his hands full with Justyn Cox in the closing laps as the leaders were again in traffic. Working in thick traffic, Copeland would slip back to the third spot, where he would go on to finish.

Looking for another strong night on Saturday,


Denver artist Edie Dismuke at a Colorado arts festival in 1990. Knowing his affection for all things Winston Churchill, Dismuke sent Logsdon cards she made with old postage stamps of the former British prime minister’s image. Logsdon suggested she add some of Churchill’s famous quotes to the cards. Fatefully, Dismuke replied, “Be my guest.”

Spurred into action, Logsdon started Post-A-Quote in 1991 as a hobby. During the next two years, though, he became increasingly enchanted with card making and much less so with his insurance job.

He decided to quit his job and, after moving to Columbia, turned his hobby into a full-fledged business in 1993. Logsdon’s day job is a part-time position as publicity coordinator for MU’s Theater Department.

Fittingly, The Churchill Memorial in Fulton was one of Logsdon’s firsttop. The mp inclined posteriorly and the ap anteriorly. On the other hand, the outer structure of the FuPs was a rounded papillary body composed of a capillary microvascular network consisting of the ascending and descending branches just as the FiPs. They were distributed sporadically along the oblique eines of FiPs in a V running from both peripheral edges in the posterocentral direction. It has been conjectured that the FiPs play a concentric functionally important role in transporting food and liquid from both the peripheral edges to the postero-central part or towards the pharynx, and on the other hand the FuPs play an assisting role in receiving gustatory sensations from the masticated food and liquid on the medial-peripheral and central-dorsal surface of the caudal portion of the beagle


cent of the total issuance of corporate debt and a majority of the issuances are concentrated in the 2-5 year tenor. The proposal has been made by the high level panel — comprising representatives from the finance ministry, RBI, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi), Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) — which has also suggested various other measures to deepen the country’s corporate bond market. The ‘Report of the Working Group on Development of Corporate Bond Market in India’ has been submitted to RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan in his capacity as chairman of the FSDC (Financial Stability and Development Council) sub-committee, which comprises of members from various regulators and had had set up the group.

The reportwas released on Thursday by Sebi, whose chairman U K Sinha is a member of the FSDC sub-committee. The group was constituted in September 2015 under chairmanship of the then RBI Deputy Governor H R Khan and has now submitted its report after taking into account various structural issues impinging on the development of a deep corporate bond market in India.

The report added it would impose some limits, including limiting the corporate bonds that can be pledged to top-rated securities.

It did not specify when the final approval would be given since it would require change in the RBI Act, while a clearing and settlement mechanism would also need to be developed. “Internationally, many central banks accept corporate bonds as collateral for their liquidity operation. It is not uncommon


Joint contact mechanics in the early stages of osteoarthritis.
Joint degeneration in the early stages of osteoarthritis (OA) may be reflected in changes in structural and material properties in articular cartilage. The aim of the present study was to simulate numerically the contact area and stress distribution in normal and "diseased" cartilage layers for dynamic loading. The initial stages of osteoarthritis were simulated based on an experimental model: the anterior cruciate ligament-transected cat knee. In this model, cartilage layers become thicker, softer, and more permeable than the corresponding healthy cartilage layers within weeks of intervention. In our numerical simulations, the diseased cartilage was modelled by changing the thickness, permeability, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the cartilage in accordance with observations in this experimental model of osteoarthritis. The theoreticalcommunity has its own club house, pool and other amenities.

Portola Hills is also home to Concourse Park, located adjacent to Portola Hills I.

Schools
Children living in the area attend Portola Hills Elementary, a 2002 California Distinguished School. (Source: SVUSD, http://www.svusd.org/p_home.asp?tid=4545) The school's 2007 Academic Performance Index of 917 ranks it first of the seven elementary schools in the City of Lake Forest, and third of the 26 elementary schools in the Saddleback Valley Unified School District. It also places it above the 2007 mean score (914) of the elementary schools of the adjacent Irvine Unified School District, renowned for its academic excellence. (Source: California Department of Education, http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ar/). Currently, Portola Hills Elementary has approximately 867 students ranging from grades K-6th grade (Source: SVUSD Preliminary Multi-Year Projection, as of 10/1/2007).

Built


Unless it comes up with a lot of money, the Boys and Girls Club in Old Town will close. The club's athletic director said unless they get $2.5 million, the club will be forced to close its doors on May 1. The other Boys And Girls clubs in Albuquerque will not be affected.

An Otero County Detention Center inmate who escaped custody while receiving medical treatment is now back in prison. Authorities say 18-year-old Michael Ortega escaped Monday afternoon. After several hours of searching, Alamogordo public safety officers found Ortega hiding out in a home. He's been charged with escape from jail.

BusinessWeek has come out with its list of the best places to raise your kids in 2009. It picked one city in every state that met certain criteria,including affordability, school performance and crime rates. For New Mexico, the magazine picked Rio Rancho. It cited 330 days a year of sunshine, mild temperatures and natural beauty among the reasons Rio Rancho is a good place to raise a family. Santa Fe was the runner-up.

U.S. News And World Report has named Presbyterian Health Plan the top ranked health plan in New Mexico in the magazine's "American's Best Health Plans" issue. Health plans were ranked on their quality measures, satisfaction scores and accreditation status. Presbyterian Healthcare Services is the state's only private, not-for-profit health care system.

Police said an Albuquerque woman allegedly stole nearly $14,000 from the Saint Clair Winery and Bistro in Albuquerque while she worked as a waitress. According to the police report, Brianna Logan would charge


customer's bills to phony gift certificates, and then pocket the cash she received. Logan faces embezzlement and tampering with evidence charges.

Dancers from an El Paso high school are accused of lacing brownies and cupcakes with laxatives and sending them to a rival dance squad the night before a football game. The rival squad was alerted and none of the tainted treats was eaten. The girls admitted to police they put laxatives in the desserts. Police will send the brownies to a lab for testing to see if anything else was used in the mix. Even though the brownies never made it to the rival team, the girls could still face a number of charges.

Vandals once again set their sights on a southeast Albuquerque neighborhood. Residents on Lily Avenuewoke up Tuesday morning to find numerous windows smashed on cars up and down the street. Last week, the same neighborhood was targeted when vandals slashed the tires on several different cars. Police believe both attacks were random and they are investigating to see if they are connected. In the meantime, police said they will step up patrols in the area to deter anyone from trying it again.

Drug smuggling allegations land a Santa Fe jail guard and an inmate's wife in prison. According to detectives, 21-year-old corrections officer Leah Fragua and 25-year-old Alisha Marquez were working together to smuggle marijuana and tobacco into the jail. Marquez's husband, an inmate at the jail, reportedly paid the guard $150 each time she could get drugs in. Both women now face


several charges of drug trafficking and conspiracy.

Firefighters responded to a home in southwest Albuquerque overnight, after a man tried to put out a small chimney fire with a garden hose. The man got trapped in a crawl space when he climbed into his attic to try to put out the flames. By the time crews arrived, the fire had diminished into smoke and the man escaped unharmed. Fire officials said this type of fire is common in the winter and this should serve as a warning to those with fireplaces to use caution.

Farmington city councilors vote Tuesday night on whether to support a ban on Sunday liquor sales, except in restaurants and bars. It would still have to pass a public referendum. The city has also started consideringbillboards a new sense of urgency.
But local jewelers say you shouldn't expect to get the appraisal price or the market price for your scraps.
Like...

By the end of the school year, Phoebus High wide receiver Romond Deloatch has two goals in mind. He has the power to make one of the ambitions become a reality on his own, but the other goal is slightly out of his hands.
Still, there's no denying the...

It's the end of an era: Harry Reid, the senator famously from the dusty, desert mining town of Searchlight, Nev., is relocating to Las Vegas.
The Democratic leader's office announced Monday that Reid and his wife, Landra, his high school sweetheart of...

Silver has long been known for its ability to kill some of the nasty microbes that can make


is a popular stop with passengers on Inside Passage and other Alaska cruise itineraries. And no...

When the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit the United States as part of their forthcoming North American tour, no doubt their host city of Los Angeles will provide plenty of pomp and circumstance.
Yet Marylanders could show Will and Kate a jolly good...

DEADWOOD, S.D. — Once the stomping ground of grizzled gold miners, gun-slinging gamblers and men fueled by six-chambered justice, this place is now home to a wholly different breed.
On a recent Friday night, the downtown crawled with, of all people, a...

YREKA, Calif. — Deep in Siskiyou County in far Northern California, high granite peaks and rocky streams have long incited gold miners, including my grandfather, who in the 1930s lived withhis family — my grandmother, mother and aunt — in a two-room...

Ready to tinker?
At San Francisco's Exploratorium (www.exploratorium.edu), visitors are invited to do just that. In fact, there's a Tinkering Studio where recently kids were busy figuring out how to connect wires to make buzzers work and lights go on and...

Those planning ahead to the summer of 2012 can likely figure on Indy race cars returning to the streets of Baltimore for Labor Day weekend.
Will Power had barely crossed the finish line Sunday to win the IZOD IndyCar Series race at the inaugural...

My brother, John, tried to sleep during the boring part of the three-hour trip from Los Angeles to Convict Lake in the Eastern Sierra.
Fortunately, I was driving. Besides, I don't think there's a boring part, especially


Looney Labs used Bill's technical editing abilities on Chrononauts second edition, and Fantasy Flight Games inflicted his obsessive-compulsive ways upon themselves as a beta tester and technical editor for Cosmic Encounter expansion materials.

He has been an active member of the Cosmic Encounter community on BGG for years, answering rules questions and producing far too many alien power designs, variant expansions, and new card types. His largest and most unique contribution by far is The Cosmodex, which seems to be turning into sort of a de facto encyclopedia for the game among PBF players and left-brained Cosmic BGG denizens.created by IBM, won a match against world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997. The computer could evaluate 200 million positions per second, and Kasparov accused it of cheating after the match was finished In pictures: Artificial intelligence through history Watson wins Jeopardy Another computer created by IBM, Watson, beat two champions of US TV series Jeopardy at their own game in 2011 In pictures: Artificial intelligence through history Apple's Siri Apple's virtual assistant for iPhone, Siri, uses artificial intelligence technology to anticipate users' needs and give cheeky reactions In pictures: Artificial intelligence through history Kinect Xbox's Kinect uses artificial intelligence to predict where players are likely to go, an track their movement more accurately


Pakistani police arrested the Chinese man and initiated a probe in the incident. (Representational)

A Chinese national was arrested in Pakistan on Wednesday for allegedly pushing a Pakistani worker into a burning furnace in Punjab province for failing to comprehend his instructions, triggering protests by co-workers, a media report said.

The Pakistani labourer was pushed into the furnace by the Chinese supervisor of the labour force. The Chinese boss reportedly lost his cool after the worker failed to comprehend his instructions, the report said.

The injured employee was shifted to a hospital for treatment.

Pakistani police arrested the accused and initiated an investigation in the incident. Pakistan's Central Police Officer Azhar Ikram said the case will be dealt with according to law.

A protest was launched by co-workers shortly after the incident, themedia report added.

The incident comes amid a controversy over alleged trafficking of Pakistani girls to China by some Chinese nationals who forced them into prostitution and illegal organ trade.

Nearly a dozen Chinese nationals have been arrested during a crackdown launched across Pakistan's Punjab, including Lahore.

According to the Federal Investigation Agency, some Chinese men were involved in the practice of trafficking Pakistani girls in the guise of marriage, forcing them into prostitution later.

The Chinese Embassy in Pakistani capital Islamabad has said that China's Ministry of Public Security has sent a task force to Pakistan to carry out law enforcement cooperation with the Pakistani side.

"If any organization or individual commits a crime in Pakistan under the banner of the cross-border marriage, China supports the Pakistani side to crack down on


organization in 2002 as the Rockies' beat writer and became a Broncos beat writer in 2014 before assuming the lead role ahead of the 2015 season. He left The Post in 2015.

WASHINGTON — Thirty games into the 82-game NHL season, and nearly six weeks after the Matt Duchene trade, Avalanche general manager Joe Sakic discussed the state of his team before Tuesday’s 5-2 loss at the Washington Capitals.

LAKE BUENA VISTA, Fla. — The Rockies continued to bolster their bullpen Wednesday by agreeing to a contract to bring left-handed reliever Jake McGee back to Colorado. A major-league source confirmed the news, but the Rockies have not made the signing official.on January 8, 2008, DCS filed a petition for temporary
custody of the children. On the same day, the children were brought into DCS custody under
a protective custody order. On January 23, 2008, the trial court entered an order, finding
Michael B. Q. to be dependent and neglected, based, in part, on Father’s incarceration, and
continued DCS’s custody pending further hearing. An adjudicatory hearing was held on
February 28, 2008. Thereafter, on March 4, 2008, the trial court entered an adjudicatory
order affirming the finding of dependency and neglect. Jennifer M.’s parental rights were
terminated in December, 2009.3

       On May 31, 2011, DCS filed its petition to terminate Father's parental rights. As to
Father, DCS alleged that he had abandoned the child pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated
Section 36-1-113(g)(1) because


2011, DCS filed an affidavit of reasonable efforts. The trial took place
on November 10 and December 13, 2011. Father was present for the trial. At the hearing,
Father testified concerning his criminal history, both before and after the child’s birth. In
relevant part, Father admitted that he had pled guilty to charges for seven attempted
burglaries. He was also convicted for reckless endangerment for shooting a gun out of his

        1
          In termination of parental rights cases, it is the policy of this Court to remove the names of minor
children and other parties in order to protect their identities.
        2
              -2-
car into a crowd of people. During this same period, Father admitted that he was selling
drugs “everyday,” but attempted to justify his actions by testifying that this was the only way
he could support his family. In early 2004, Father was arrested for possession of crack
cocaine. When asked whether he had considered the possibility that using and/or selling
drugs would put him in a position where he could not care for his family, Father admitted that
he understood, but conceded that he had decided to do it anyway. On February 18, 2005,
Father was sentenced to eleven years for seven attempted burglaries, theft, possession of a
Schedule II drug (i.e., crack cocaine), and reckless endangerment. Since that time, he
testified that he has appeared before the parole board


five times (in 2006, 2008, 2009, and
twice in 2011); however, until 2011, all his attempts at early release were unsuccessful. In
2011, he was granted parole conditioned upon his completing a therapeutic-community, in-
house program. Father admitted that he did not complete the program because he was ejected
from the program for “disrespect.”

       Father admitted that he has had little contact with the child. After the child was born,
Father lived with the child and the mother for approximately six months. Then, for the next
four months, he was incarcerated, which incarceration is separate from Father’s current
incarceration. When he was released from that incarceration, he resided with the child and
mother for approximately four months before he began serving his current sentence. At the
time of the filing ofaction resulted in the UK legal aid system changing – and having spent c £35 M, due to lack of funding the case never went to court.

Twenty years later – so much has been said – so little has been done.

Benzodiazepines were introduced in the 1960 – mums little helper – Librium, rapidly followed by Valium, Ativan , Mogadon. Drugs which now go by the names of Diazepam, Nitrazepam, Lorazepam, Tamazepam. The Librium advertisement stated “Whatever the diagnosis – Librium” librium. By the 1970s more than 1 in 20 prescriptions was for valium.
By the late 1980s it was known that the medications were more addictive than heroin. Withdrawal effects which occur even in constant use – due to tolerance and paradoxical effects such as aggression, anxiety,agoraphobia, depression, suicidal


By the 1970s more than 1 in 20 prescriptions was for valium.
By the late 1980s it was known that the medications were more addictive than heroin. Withdrawal effects which occur even in constant use – due to tolerance and paradoxical effects such as aggression, anxiety,agoraphobia, depression, suicidal tendencies. The understanding for the reason of the epidemic in psychiatric conditions at the time perhaps enabled Care in the Community, which was also introduced in the late 80s. In long term use memory loss is almost a certainty,then other symptoms – often mimicking Alzheimer’s. The effects can be misdiagnosed as a psychosis, various neurological and psychological conditions, MS, Alzheimer’s to name but a few. In 1987 Larson et al withdrew people diagnosed with dementia from benzodiazepines – at a onefemale. It is often described as involuntary addiction – but the majority of people do not know or realise they are addicted. On top of this antidepressants – SSRIs an estimated 3,000,000 people in the UK -once described by the WHO as the most addictive drugs in the world – the definition of addiction was changed – they now are described as having a withdrawal effect. To make matters worse – these medications are often prescribed together.
Guidelines advise doctors to withdraw patients slowly – they are ambiguous and withdrawal is often done too quickly – resulting in disabilitating side effects – at the extreme a drug withdrawal induced catatonia (similar to lock-in syndrome) can develop -which can be reversed – but unfortunately is often missed because the information


are exactly the same, most consumers tend to believe what De Beers has conditioned us to consider—the rarity of a mined diamond, which is purely perception. A February 1982 article in The Atlantic, “Have you ever tried to sell a diamond?”, exposed the cartel-like control that De Beers has over demand and supply. With the heavy decline in diamond purchases in the early 20th century, De Beers, according to the article, devised a multi-fold global plan to increase demand via a carefully constructed perception of rarity (by controlling the supply), an illusion of price stability (by setting global standards) along with perpetuating the desirability of diamonds. In the 1940s, a well-orchestrated diamond advertising campaign—the iconic “A Diamond Is Forever”—literally saved the floundering diamond industry and popularized the sentimentbefore, Morsel, conducted all their fieldwork in India. According to the World Bank, India was the third largest exporter of clothing globally in terms of US dollars in 2015.

Guy Stuart, executive director at Microfinance Opportunities, who led the project, found that there were no great surprises, but there were some patterns that emerged. Of the three locations studied, the Bengaluru workers, who live along Mysore Road, worked disciplined hours: 8 hours a day, 6 days a week. But, they “regularly reported being insulted and humiliated by their supervisors”, says the report. The workers made monthly contributions into the state health insurance and pension systems. Despite ostensibly having health insurance the workers ended up paying for health care out of their own pockets at private clinics because the public


women, Bulu Raha, Anima Mondal, Sushuma Mistry and Shephali Roy—who technically live outside Kolkata and also make Canning town their base—were mentored by a social worker, Prakriti Roy, who was working with spinners and weavers at that time. In 1975, at the age of 18, Shephali went to Roy for a job. Instead, he guided her in creating a self-sufficient fair-trade women’s organisation, the Sunderban Khadi Village Industrial Society (SKVIS), of which she is now vice president. In 1981, SKVIS began exports post their first sample order from Holland. While the women—who are well-schooled and have good communication skills—have the combined skill sets of weaving, spinning, dyeing, design and tailoring, their local orders largely remain printing jobs.

Natural-dye master, Surama, in the Sunderbans

Finding a Local Voice

Ondi McMaster-Chullil, a believerin indigenous design and sustainability, has explored the talent of the women of SKVIS in her local handcrafted eco-ethical label, Atelier OM. She sources products like muslin khadi and stoles from them, has worked on batik designs and researched natural dyeing of fabric with them. An American raised in California, she spent two years in India in the mid 1990s studying regional crafts and returned in 2010 on an Art Karavan, as a part of a performance installation art movement, starting in Shantiniketan and travelling across nine cities in nine weeks. After working for Issey Miyake and as a costume designer in film and television in New York, her return to India was an entrepreneurial turning point. In 2011, she began her own sustainable label; she keeps a


the Sunderbans to be her close friends. With no infrastructure or hotels in the remote area, she lives in their homes. “(Prakriti) Roy saw in them the attraction towards working for something more meaningful in their life than just being mothers. These four women have formed an amazing network and support system for many women there.” Today, SKVIS trains young girls; works towards social implementation and is an enabler with a micro-finance setup for 500 local women.

The concept of a community and its well-being is strong—the driving force is not the ego, profits or monopolisation. It is to work with and develop the natural resources towards a greater good. With fashion being the second largest pollutant after oil, and an industry that has now become infamous for low-wagepossibilities of styling an outfit—where no two products will be the same—while being light on the pocket.”

Building a Slow Fashion Community

SwapStitched is only one of the events that Fairtrunk Offline is organising in its day-long event at Pioneer Hall in Bandra. In the past, Fairtunk Offline has held two events, the most recent being a part of Fashion Revolution week in April, and included a documentary screening, blogger meet-up, panel discussions, and an upcycling workshop. Its third edition will be the largest Fairtrunk Offline event to date, which will include a curated slow-fashion pop-up with 25 young brands across fashion and lifestyle, workshops with designers like Anuj Sharma from Button Masala and talks on sustainable fashion. The decor is planned with upcycled fabric. Darshana Gajare, founder of Fairtrunk


and Fairtrunk Offline, expects a turnout of two to three thousand people.

Msafiri, One of the brands showing at the pop-up.

Fairtrunk Offline was launched to increase awareness about sustainable fashion, creating experiences and building a mindful community, as evidenced in their #SlowTheFuckDown campaign. Gajare started both projects last year, after watching ‘The True Cost’, a documentary on the global effects of fast fashion. While spreading awareness about sustainability, Gajare discovered that consumers were asking for alternate options. This led to her launching an online marketplace, which now gives space to over 30 slow-fashion brands.

The lack of transparency, regulation and accountability in India forced Gajare to do her own groundwork in the selection of the brands. Being bootstrapped means that she can’t physically go to review each supply chain, butfashion labels are giving discarded fabric a new lease of life

Banner photo, from left to right: Doodlage, Tilla, Ka-sha by Karishma Shahani Khan

While consumer waste and the need to upcycle and recycle are ongoing and pertinent dialogues, how do designers in the fashion industry set a standard by being thrifty with the waste from their own manufacturing process? Scrap may be defined as the textile remnants left behind during the design and manufacturing of garments. In the garment districts of Dhaka, the jhut are left in go-downs (where fires are a regular occurrence), sold at the curb, dumped reaching landfills, or burned, causing immense pollution. Kriti Tula, of the upcycling label, Doodlage points out: “Approximately 120 billion square metres of fabric end up as waste in India, China,


Gostok Gellesyl:
Gellesyl is a female Gostok and one of the last significant innovators. She owns a large spear, but only ended up using it in the final days of the Toa/Gostok war. Gellesyl is loud and bouncy, but could adopt a professional and competent demeanour when she needed to. Very unruly and very creative, Gellesyl was unappreciated by her peers, though history retroactively looks kindly on her.

Gellesyl was very unpopular in childhood. She irritated most with her hyperactivity and her tutors detested her absent mindedness and her refusal to conform. She did take her actual studies seriously however, if only to transfer the information to Gostok Gerlo in the evening. Many suspected the two of being in a relationship, though this was disproved by Gerlo's confessed love forGavamond. She managed to just scrape by in her exams and went on to be very successful, writing many books and making many inventions for society. The other Gostoks were forced to respect her, and she was eventually honoured by Gostok Gerikigil, the Alpha. After the Toa/Gostok war broke out, Gellesyl led the effort to maintain farm life and crafting weapons for the men to fight. However, once Gerikigil died in battle and the Gostoks began to lose, the women were forced to take up arms and join the fight. However, due to the skill gap, their contribution had little effect. Gellesyl was one of the few to survive the war, and was left to scavenge in Racta Minus. She died of starvation soon afterwards.

Gellesyl was resurrected many


thousands of years later through the Gate by Gerikigil, who had also been resurrected along with Gostok Gelenjof, Gerlo and Gavamond. She was extremely happy to see Gerlo and grateful to see that he was still with Gavamond. Gellesyl was thrown back into action as they were chased away by the Gate’s Guardian and encountered the villainous Bipotron, who invited them back into the Platonic Justice. While there, the group resolved to steal the Gate and give their limbs to resurrect other Gostoks. Gerikigil added that he would give his own life in exchange for more Gostoks, an idea that chilled Gellesyl. The Gostoks were then encouraged by Mordath to set out and capture the Gate, bringing it back, which they did with ease- Gellesyl distracted the Guardianwhile the others took the Gate itself. Mordath took the key from them once they returned, promising to give it back once Dread returned. The Platonic Justice were then ambushed by the Contenders.

The Gostoks contributed in fighting off the Contenders and their allies, but during this battle, Edoth decapitated Gerikigil and Mordath tricked two of the Platonic Justice into destroying the Gate. Completely lacking in resolve, the Gostoks fled. However, after some time, Gellesyl birthed two Gostok children with Gerlo and raised them together. The Gostoks’ lives were beginning to get back on track, until she was attacked by a Toa and her Rahkshi. She and her new ally, a Dark Hunter named Helda, chased these beings to the old camp of the Platonic Justice, where they saw


the resurrection of the evil Shadebringers. They returned to the others, but it was too late- they had already conquered Racta Major, and the Gostoks were invited to re-inhabit the old city; they reluctantly accepted. Gellesyl soon began to grow accustomed to her new home, though her inner peace were dispersed by the kidnapping of her two children.

Gerlo helped Gellesyl search for their lost children, their first action being the interrogation of Sohbec, one of the four Shadebringers; Sohbec knew nothing of this and could give them no information. Their search was temporarily interrupted by the revolt of the Contenders, one that they still helped to crush. During this battle, Gellesyl discovered that her children had been mutated into a hybrid monster by Astrok. She retaliated by freeingRaxonax of the Contenders, allowing him to leave the city and plot against it. While the others supported her in this, Gelenjof was deeply enraged by this treachery; so much so that he belied her to the authorities, getting her arrested and thrown in a cell with the other Contenders.

Gellesyl is currently sat with the Contenders in a cell in Racta Major’s inner complex.

Here she is! Looking good, eh?
The back.
With her weapons. Though the women didn't fight, each Gostok had a weapon in their home, for decoration, or in extreme situations like a lost war. Gellesyl's weapon was a spear.
Like the male Gostoks, the Female Gostoks were essentially the same in appearence, with the exclusion of eye colour and weapon choice. There was also a lime-green variant, as


birthday present. It was a gift card! She had never gotten a gift card before and she felt so grown up!Last night she got to go on a date with Daddy, just her and Daddy, to spend her card.She came home with a bag full of goodies. Licorice. Mints. Fruit leather. Chocolates.....And she proceeded to pass them out to her sisters and her brother!On her own.She was so delighted. She was so humble. Everyone was so surprised! It was like Christmas again and everyone opening their stockings, one by one!She displayed the shine one gets from doing something nice for someone. You'd have thought the Lord sprinkled glitter over her. She fairly glowed with love and satisfaction.She even got something for Pennie.I wondered, what 3 year old wouldof the body, > by scratching, but it soon returns.-Itching around the ulcers, in the evening.

27. Fever.-Pulse small, slow, imperceptible.-Chilliness, internal with trembling, the external skin is warm.-Much chilliness, with cold hands.-Flushes of burning heat, principally in the face, with cold knees in the evening in bed.-Perspiration almost only on the hands, when walking in the open air.


Hisham El Solh, a long standing Member of our Executive Committee, and his family, had a great loss due to the passing away of his brother Mounah El Solh, a loss not only for the family, but also for Lebanon and the Arab World. Condolences will be received on Saturday 15th November from 3:30pm to 7:30pm in the Windsor Suite, at The Kensington Close Hotel, Wrights Lane London W8 5SP.Location Link: http://goo.gl/6eVIjmStory highlights Kennedy wrote majority opinion striking down parts of Defense of Marriage Act

Kennedy and former Justice Sandra Day O'Connor were the court's centrists

When O'Connor stepped down seven years ago, she "handed the keys" to Kennedy

With four conservatives to the right and four liberals to the left, Kennedy is squarely in middle

Justice Anthony Kennedy was among the first of his colleagues to arrive Wednesday at the U.S. Supreme Court. His chambers lit up several hours before the last-day release of monumental rulings on same-sex marriage.

There was little doubt that later that morning, this quietly powerful justice would be having a major say in the legal, political, and social path of gay rights moving forward.

And at precisely 10 a.m., Kennedy kicked off the public session with his eloquent majority


ruling striking down a key part of a federal law that blocks a range of benefits for legally married gay and lesbian couples.

The Defense of Marriage Act "humiliates tens of thousands of children now being raised by same-sex couples," he said. "The law in question makes it even more difficult for the children to understand the integrity and closeness of their own family and its concord with other families in their community and in their daily lives."

It was vintage Kennedy -- a mix of sweeping rhetoric mixed with practical legal and social considerations.

"If Bill Clinton was 'the first black president,' Anthony Kennedy has now firmly secured his place in history as 'the first gay justice,'" said Michael Dorf, a law professor at Cornell University and a former Kennedylaw clerk. "Justice Kennedy makes clear that he not only accepts, but welcomes the task of writing majestic opinions affirming the dignity of gay persons and couples."

Kennedy, a moderate-conservative, is in many ways the "power broker" on the court. He shared the role of a "swing vote" with fellow centrist Sandra Day O'Connor before she retired seven years ago.

"The basic principle is, it's Justice Kennedy's world and you just live in it," said Thomas Goldstein, a private attorney who publishes the well-read SCOTUSblog.com. "Justice O'Connor, having been the most powerful woman in the world, handed the keys to him on her way out the door and said, 'Have fun.' And he took up that invitation."

The thinking goes that with four solid conservatives aligned on the right and four


liberals on the left, Kennedy is the man in the middle, often able to cast the deciding vote in contentious cases, assuring his views of the law prevail.

JUST WATCHED Podrasky: Stunned, excited by rulings Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Podrasky: Stunned, excited by rulings 01:01

JUST WATCHED Sullivan: Incredibly long struggle Replay More Videos ... MUST WATCH Sullivan: Incredibly long struggle 08:08

Kennedy has crafted a powerful, if hard to define, judicial legacy -- seemingly in the forefront of every major ruling during his tenure. As an unapologetic "swing" vote, he was the key behind-the-scenes architect of the 2000 Bush v. Gore drama, and a 1992 opinion upholding abortion rights. He has written majority decisions upholding rights to homosexual couples, underage killers, and foreign fighters held by the U.S.military in the war on terror.

That was true this past term in several other hot-button cases in which he played a key role by:

• Writing the majority opinion allowing for the continued but limited use of race in the college admissions process, yet making it harder for institutions to use such policies to achieve diversity.

• Siding with his fellow conservatives to strike down a key section of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, weakening federal oversight of states and counties with a past history of discrimination of minority voters at the polls.

• Concluding criminal suspects can be subjected to a police DNA test after arrest but before trial and conviction.

• Blocking a lawsuit by privacy advocates challenging the federal government's sweeping electronic eavesdropping on suspected foreign terrorists and


spies.

Kennedy was in the majority 91% of the time in the court's 78 argued cases this term, more than any justice. In divided cases -- where there was no unanimity -- he was on the winning side 83%, again tops on the court.

Sometimes he sides with his more liberal colleagues, as he did in the Defense of Marriage Act case, but he is mostly a reliable conservative vote, especially on business and regulation disputes.

That unpredictability has long made liberals and conservatives equally nervous, but many on the right are more outspoken in their disappointment in the Ronald Reagan nominee, who turns 77 in July.

"Kennedy's style as the 'man in the middle' is often as a 'justice in a muddle,'" said Douglas Kmiec, a law professor at Pepperdine UniversityKennedy is personally respected by his colleagues, both for the power he wields and for his courtly, low-key manner.

But professionally, justices on the losing side of a big case can often be unsparing in their criticism of Kennedy and his legal reasoning.

Justice Antonin Scalia on Wednesday called Kennedy's analysis in the DOMA case "jaw dropping" and an assertion of "judicial supremacy" that "envisions the Supreme Court standing (or rather enthroned) at the apex of government."

And this from a close friend -- Scalia and Kennedy joined the court a year apart, were born the same year, and live on the same street.

The Sacramento, California, native joined the high court in 1988, the third choice of President Reagan after more conservative nominees Robert Bork and Douglas Ginsburg flamed out.

And along


with O'Connor for almost two decades, the two native Westerners carved out a jumpy place in the center. Less driven by practical concerns than O'Connor was, Kennedy has striven for a loftier sense of the law's impact on society.

"He has brought to the bench a combination of a very scholarly, erudite, academic bent," said Brad Berenson, a friend and former law clerk to Kennedy, "and a very practical bent he had developed while practicing law on his own."

Kennedy himself acknowledged the unique role he played for decades on the court. "There is a loneliness" to his job, he once told CNN.

For now, Kennedy, like his eight colleagues, will retreat from the public spotlight. He has some vacation time ahead, mixed with his annual overseas teaching gig in Austriain two weeks.

Then, come the first Monday October, Kennedy is expected back in his familiar seat, just to the left of Chief Justice John Roberts on the bench. But clearly he is the man in the middle, and the man that in many ways shapes the direction of a divided court.


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identity game gets ugly.

Historically, we have also seen the development of tolerance via the removal of identity from the public square. In the growth of modernity, religious belief becomes privatized, church and state separate, and expressing conscience within one’s personal rather than public life become respected and valued. Early justifications for this can be found in the writing of John Locke, notably in his justly famous A Letter Concerning Toleration in which religious doctrine and truth is only meaningful when freely chosen, a precursor to the later, more radical epistemological uncertainty over what is true or valuable in life. This view affirms the right to “agree to disagree” found prominently in thinkers like John Stuart Mill. Civil peace in the West came also from a building of separatename was struck from the Navy List on 10 December 1931. She was sold for scrapping on 13 September 1933 to the Northern Metal Company of Philadelphia.

Footnotes

References

External links
 Photo gallery at navsource.org
 USS Niagara (SP-136, later PY-9), 1918-1933 (Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images archived at HyperWar.)

Category:1898 ships
Category:Ships built by Harlan and Hollingsworth
Category:Steam yachts
Category:Patrol vessels of the United States Navy
Category:World War I patrol vessels of the United States
Category:Survey ships of the United States Navy
Category:United States Navy New York (state)-related ships


important.  This investigation began as a result of information received from a private citizen on May 13, 1974, by Raymond G. Magno, Special Agent in Charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in West Palm Beach, Florida.  Agent Magno was informed that Mr. Charles Dale had purchased a $125,000 house with a $25,000 down payment and that his primary interest in purchasing this home was its facility for docking a 40-foot boat on the Intracoastal Waterway.  Subsequently Agent Magno was provided with additional information that a 43-foot boat had been at the residence for one day on May 23 and had then departed.  There had been several young, adult males in and out of the house who departed when the vessel left.

4
On May 25,1974, Agent Magno drove past the house and observed a green Cadillac in the driveway with Missouri license plates on it.  He felt the house had been abandoned.  With the passage of seven days without the boat's return, Magno alerted Customs and the County Sheriff's office.  He ordered 24-hour surveillance on the residence to begin on May 31, 1974, because it had been this agent's experience that a trip to and from Jamaica would take at least ten days.  On June 1st, he observed, parked in front of the residence, a mobile home of the type commonly used to transport marijuana when it has been imported into this country.  Magno candidly admitted that in neither of the two memoranda which he prepared regarding


the above events did he ever state that either marijuana or contraband was going to be on board the boat.  He had no basis upon which to apply for a search warrant for the premises or arrest warrants for any individuals.

5
At approximately five o'clock in the afternoon of July 7, 1974, a vessel fitting the description of the one which had been docked at the residence was spotted by Customs agents at the entrance to the Intracoastal Waterway heading in the direction of this residence.  The progress of this vessel was followed by boat and by car.

6
The vessel did, in fact, finally dock at the Dale residence and surveillance continued until about 6:30 that evening when the Cadillac, which had been previously parked at the residence,passed by a group of agents gathered in conference at an intersection a short distance away from the house to plan their next step.  Agent Magno determined that they had been "spotted" and, being concerned that any further delay would result in a vacant residence, gave the order to "move in" on the house.  The Customs agents arrived at the house in one car, the Sheriff's deputies in two more cars, and behind them was Magno and the DEA agents.

7
Magno recalled that as he pulled up, someone had opened the front door to the house.  He called out, "Hold it, Federal agent."  This person then "slammed the door."  Magno went around one side of the house and three other agents went around the


other side.  The Sheriff's deputies and Customs officers were on their way and would guard the front.

8
The Customs agent asked Mr. Dale if he was the captain of the vessel.  Dale merely gestured to another individual who was in the house.  Thereupon, the agent entered the house through "already open" sliding doors.  He approached Mr. Hailstone, flashed his identification and asked if he was the vessel's captain and if he had "come foreign."  Hailstone responded affirmatively to both questions.  The agent then advised Hailstone that since he had not cleared customs, he was constructively seizing his vessel.  A search of the boat revealed 5,814 pounds of marijuana.

9
Appellants virtually concede that once the Customs agent learned from Hailstone, the captain of the© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2013 | doi: 10.1163/18749275-13330102 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 Erasmus of RotterdamSociety Yearbook brill.com/eras The Politics of Appropriation: Erasmus and Bayle Wiep van Bunge Professor, History of Philosophy, Erasmus University, Rotterdam vanbunge@fwb.eur.nl Abstract Over the centuries, the local elites of Rotterdam have gone out of their way to cultivate the memory of Erasmus. From the sixteenth century onwards to this day, he has been consistently put forward as the city's greatest son. During the early 1690's, when Pierre Bayle, "le philosophe de Rotterdam", was facing dismissal as professor of the Illustrious School of Rotterdam, he launched an attempt to save his position by reminding his employers of his allegiance to Erasmus' heritage. Although Bayle would be fired just the same, we have every


reason to take his Erasmianism seriously. In particular, Bayle's critical attitude as an historian is reminiscent of Erasmus' philological stance. Keywords appropriation – Bayle – Enlightenment – Erasmus – fideism – pacifism – philosophy – Rotterdam – Republic of Letters – scepticism Introduction: Erasmus of Rotterdam Being an inhabitant of this city suffices to create a connection with Erasmus: we, as Rotterdammers, travel from thenorthern part of our city to the other side via theErasmusBridge.Allmy three childrenwereborn in theErasmusMedical Center, and our eldest son is now a pupil of the Erasmiaans Gymnasium. On my way to work, I used to pass a (rather seedy) pub called 'Erasmus', and I can point you the way to the Erasmusstraat, the Erasmuspad and even an Erasmussingel, all located in Rotterdam, whichover the centuries has gone out of its way to cherish the memory of its greatest son.1 Only four years ago, in 1 Cf. Willem Frijhoff, Heiligen, idolen, iconen, Nijmegen, 1998, pp. 60–63. 4 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 October 2008, the city of Rotterdam showered its citizens with a wide variety of events, celebrating the birthday of Erasmus and his memory: on the 28th of thatmonth several hundreds of pupils of the ErasmiaansGymnasium swarmed out all over the city, lecturing at primary schools on Erasmus' Life and Work, acting as 'ambassadors' of 'Erasmianism'. On the sameday an 'Erasmushuis' was opened, opposite the Laurence Church and the famous statue of Erasmus by Hendrick de Keyser.2 The Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen brought together a splendid exhibition, celebrating


obvious illustration of the iconic status Erasmus has acquired in the Netherlands, and in Rotterdam in particular, is of course supplied by the history of the various statues the city erected in his honour. This history has been studied in depth: when in 1622 the present monument-which was actually the fifth of its kind-was put into place, the Calvinist clergy objected strongly on the grounds that Erasmus had held 'remonstrant' sympathies. But the city's mayors typically refused to listen to such objections, and decided to leave the statue where it was-a remarkable decision in view of the dramatic outcomeof the Synod ofDordrecht just three years earlier, in 1619, which sealed the fate not only of Hugo Grotius but of the entire Arminian faction within the Dutch reformed Churchas well as within Dutch society, although in 1630, in Rotterdam, the Remonstrant Fraternity was established, and allowed to grow into a minor denomination, which would continue to serve as the liberal wing of the Dutch Reformed Church to this day.8 When during the late 1960s a new university emerged from the cooperation between the newly established medical faculty and the local School for Economics, it actually took quite some time to come up with a suitable name, and the economists in particular were afraid that the loss of their old name, Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool, would hurt their reputation. In the end, however, it appears to have been the political and financial elites of the city who won the day. AftermayorWimThomassen in 1968 had first suggested the name


of Erasmus for thisUniversity in themaking, several 'prominent citizens' of Rotterdammade sure that in November 1973, the University of Rotterdam opened its doors as the Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. The letter they addressed in 1972 to the Dutch Minister of Education is a fine example of local, civic pride, but it also demonstrates an acute awareness of the prevailing image of Rotterdam as a city dedicated to 'commerce and traffic, rather than science'.9 Today, Erasmus has become one of the icons of toleration cherished well beyond the traditional Rotterdam elites who over the centuries have made sure that this city would remain associated with its greatest son. 7 http://www.erasmusstichting.nl/. 8 N. van der Blom, 'De beelden van Erasmus', Florislegium. Bloemlezing uit de Erasmiaanse, Rotterdamse en andere opstellen, Leiden, 1982,pp. 29–54. See more recently Paula Koning, Erasmus op de markt, Rotterdam, 2009. 9 M. Davids en J. van Herwaarden, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 1973–1993, Rotterdam, 1993, pp. 5–6. 6 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 Dutch intellectuals and politicians have always found it difficult to resist the temptation of turning Erasmus into the quintessentially Dutch advocate of toleration. Especially during the 1930s great professional historians such as Johan Huizinga and Jan and Annie Romein liked to muse about 'the Erasmian spirit' pervading Dutch history, and it goes without saying that according to such accounts, this 'Erasmianism' reached its zenith during the Golden Age of the Dutch Republic, when the lack of religious unity, or so we were told, actually served as a powerful engine for turning the


Republic into the most liberal andmost adventurous cultural arena of its time.10 Increasingly, however, the experts on Erasmus have been calling for caution. Over the last few years Jan van Herwaarden in particular has gone out of his way to emphasise that Erasmus' comments on Judaism and Islam seriously complicate any attempt to turn him into an earlymodern 'multiculturalist'.11 In a fine essay on the practice of toleration during the latter half of the sixteenth and the first part of the seventeenth century, Nicolette Mout also showed little patience with a naïve understanding of the place of non-Calvinists in a Calvinist society, arguing that this issue was only settled in favour of toleration because in the Dutch Republic, unlike its neighbouring countries, two things were lacking: a consensusbest advised, Kaplan feels, to study toleration as 'a form of behavior', 'a social practice, a pattern of interaction among people of different faiths', that 'had a complex relationship to both ideals and official policies'. In Kaplan's view, early modern toleration 'was a pragmaticmove, a grudging acceptance of unpleasant realities, not a positive virtue'.13 Returning to Erasmus, Mario Turchetti, in a much quoted paper on Erasmus' stance toward toleration, famously called the entire issue 'une question mal posée'.14 In the Dutch context, however, there seems little doubt that the highly particular reception of Erasmus' works did turn him into an evident and early champion of the principle of toleration. For once Coornhert and Grotius had appropriated his heritage, he became one of the founding fathers of an intellectual


tradition that may well have been as irrelevant to daily practice in the Dutch Republic as Kaplan concludes it to have been, but which did not fail to affect the self-image of the Dutch liberal elites throughout the centuries. As James Tracy has demonstrated, faced with the budding Reformation, Erasmus took an important first step toward a genuine theory of toleration by supporting the notion of mutual forbearance of religious minorities, which was subsequently picked up and elaborated upon in the 1580s by Coornhert, arguing in favour of 'freedom of conscience in the full sense of the term'.15 In the early decades of the seventeenth century Grotius turned to Erasmus as well. Hans Trapman, however, has demonstrated that we should not overestimate his importance to Grotius, pensionary ofRotterdam from 1613 until his arrest in 1618, who most notably in his huge correspondence hardly ever mentions Erasmus. Yet the way in which Grotius modelled Erasmus into an ancestor of Arminianism surely must have been crucial to the ongoing process of Erasmus' canonisation. As pensionary of Rotterdam, hewas responsible for the assignment to Hendrick de Keyser to produce the final, bronze statue 13 Benjamin Kaplan, Divided by Faith. Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge Mass., 2007, Introduction. 14 Mario Turchetti, 'Une Question Mal Posée: Erasme et la Tolérance. L' idée de Sygkatabasis', Bibliothèque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 53 (1991), pp. 379–395. 15 James D. Tracy, 'Erasmus, Coornhert and the Acceptance of Religious Disunity in the Body Politic: A Low Countries Tradition?', Berkvens-Stevelinck


et al (eds.), The Emergence of Tolerance, pp. 49–62. 8 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 of Erasmus. Once Erasmus had been associated by Grotius both with a liberal interpretation of divine predestination andwith an 'accommodating' approach to the relationship between church and state, Erasmus seems to have become such an obvious ally of the liberal faction in Dutch theology and politics that it no longer became necessary to actually read his work.16 During the second half of the seventeenth century, Rotterdam became the centre for a circle of 'Erasmian' friends, consisting of liberal Mennonites and remonstrants who came together at the shops of the booksellers Frans van Hoogstraten and Isaac Naeranus. They included rich and powerful politicians such as Adriaan Paets and Grotius' son Pieter deGroot, but also slightly less august Collegiants such as the poet Joachim Oudaen, the merchant Jan Dionysz Verburg and the surgeon Jacob Ostens.17 Jori Zijlmans has demonstrated the extent to which a shared admiration for Erasmus brought them together. (According to contemporary Calvinists, these Rotterdam 'Erasmians' were actually Socinians in disguise.) From the 1650s to the 1670s they formed a clearly distinguishable social network that was largely defined by the spirit of toleration cultivated during the stadholderless period and against the background of a nascent radical Enlightenmentwhich during the 1680s wouldmore or less rip this network apart, once they started discussing the views of Spinoza.18 Bayle on Erasmus Even such a well trodden path as the story of Erasmus' 'presence' in his place of birth over the centuries


turns out to have its own unexpected byways. For just a few years ago, a letter was discovered, written by a Frenchman who was nicknamed le philosophe de Rotterdam, that to my taste brilliantly illustrates the real political use that was still made of Erasmus' heritage a century and a half after his death, at a time of great political, religious and social turmoil. On 5 December 1692, Pierre Bayle wrote a letter to a member of the Rotterdam vroedschap, in which he tried to avert his impending dismissal as professor of the local Illustrious School by evoking Erasmus' memory. Exactly 11 years earlier, on 5 December 1681, Bayle had delivered his inaugural address at this 16 J. Trapman, Het land van Erasmus, Amsterdam, 1999, Chapter 2. 17Jori Zijlmans, Vriendenkringen in de zeventiende eeuw. Verenigingsvormen van het culturele leven te Rotterdam, The Hague, 1999, Chapter 7. 18 Wiep van Bunge, Johannes Bredenburg (1643–1697). Een Rotterdamse collegiant in de ban van Spinoza, Rotterdam, 1990. the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 9 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 newly established school, that was meant to prepare its pupils for university. He had been hired by the Rotterdam regent Adriaan Paets, whose cousin had alerted him to a young French professor of Philosophy from the Protestant university of Sedan who was in dire need of an academic position now that for Protestants life was becoming increasingly intolerable in France. At the time, Bayle was perfectly obscure for the simple reason that he had not published, but immediately after


his arrival he startedmaking aname for himself as a force to be reckonedwith in theRepublic of Letters: during the 1680s hepublishedhis famous Lettre sur les comètes, the Nouvelles de la République des Lettres as well as his Commentaire philosophique, a brilliant and incisive defence of religious toleration. His teaching duties were minimal since he only lectured on Friday mornings, to a handful of pupils, so he had ample time and opportunity to quickly gain a formidable reputation as a scholar and a polemicist.19 Butmany of his views found opposition among his fellow réfugiés, including most notoriously his one time friend and ally, Pierre Jurieu. This Walloon minister had developed many grievances against Bayle's views, none of which he found more repelling than the latter's conviction that atheism didnot necessarily lead to immoral behaviour. FollowingWilliam III's Glorious Revolution of 1688, the political situation of the Refuge took on a completely new dimension, opening up the possibility, or so it seemed to Jurieu and his supporters, of starting a common, Protestant, Northern European offensive against the wicked King of Francewhowas responsible for the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Bayle on the other handwas a true 'Erasmian' in his disgust of war, and he continued to argue in favour of tolerance. ToBayle'smind, a truly tolerantChristian even endured the horrors of Catholicism and atheism. After several years of campaigning against this kind of dogmatic laxity, Jurieu managed to convince the Rotterdam vroedschap that le philosophe de Rotterdam had forfeited his rights to instruct its sons. He


verhouding en de betekenis van Bayles denken toen en nu, Nijmegen, 2005. 10 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 care less: his publisher Reinier Leers had taken care of him financially and he only earned ameagre 500 guilders a year from the city council.20 Yet the letter I justmentioned, that came to light only a few years ago, tells a different story-a story in which Erasmus plays a crucial role. Apparently, Bayle felt perhaps the magistrates of Rotterdam could still be persuaded to reinstall him in his office, and on 5 December, 1692 he took his chance to convince his employers that it would be wrong to fire him.21 Apart from the fact, Bayle wrote, that Jurieu is mistaken, I simply have no time to do harmoté cinq cent francs qu'elle me donne, qui seroit une epargne de rien pour une ville comme celle là. In order to drive his point home, he added to his letter a copy of his first sample of the Dictionnaire, so that 'Monsieur' could take a look for himself. This book, entitled Projet et Fragments d'unDictionnaire critique and published in the summer of 1692, does indeed contain a major, highly flattering essay on Erasmus and his special relevance to the city of Rotterdam: how happy, Bayle mused, Erasmuswould have been about the establishment on 5December 1681 of aproper Illustrious School inhis native city, a school,moreover, that hadeven had the good sense to appoint a Professor of Philosophy and History!22 But neither the pre-publication of a sample of the


Dictionnaire nor his personal ties to the vroedschap could save his career. Adriaan Paets had died 20 See on Leers: Otto S. Lankhorst, Reinier Leers (1654–1714). Uitgever en boekverkoper te Rotterdam, Amsterdam, 1983. 21 A part of this letter was first published in 'L'Affaire Bayle'. La bataille entre Pierre Bayle et Pierre Jurieudevant le consistoire de l'ÉglisewallonnedeRotterdam. Texte établi et annoté parHubert Bost. Introduction par AntonyMckenna, Saint-Étienne, 2006, pp. 55–56. Here, a different part will be quoted. The entire text is to be found in Pierre Bayle, Correspondance, eds. Élisabeth Labrousse, Antony Mckenna et al., vol. 8, Oxford, 2010, pp. 676–678. 22 Pierre Bayle, Projet et Fragments d'un Dictionnaire Critique, Rotterdam, 1692, pp. 254–255. the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 11 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 in1686, and although Bayle was on good terms with such influential local magistrates as Josua van Belle and Isaac Hoornbeek, he chose to address the central figure in the Costerman riots: Jacob van Zuylen van Nijevelt, one of the staunchest local Orangists of his day and, it must be said, one of the most horribly corrupt public officials who ever served the city of Rotterdam.23 Van Zuylen was generally perceived as a man who mainly served his own interests-from 1676 to 1690 he was bailiff (baljuw) as well as sheriff (schout), which made him a very rich man. The general revulsion over the man's greed and dishonesty took a violent turn in October 1690, following the execution of Cornelis Costerman, a member of the civil guard. During a


nightly patrol of the guard a fight broke out in which aman was stabbed. Costerman pleaded guilty-as a guard hewas only doing his job-andwithin several weeks hewas beheaded.24 The populacewas outraged at the severity of the ordeal, and over a dozen pamphlets were published, some written by such radical authors as Eric Walten and the young Bernard Mandeville, but despite the general revulsion over Van Zuylen van Nijevelt's behaviour-his house was sacked and looted by an angry mob-his personal ties with William III let him off the hook, and in October 1692 hewas actually reinstated as bailiff. Backed by the stadholder and newly crowned King of England, he even succeeded in having his opponents, most notably Pieter de Mey, removed from the vroedschap. In addition he was awardedthe massive sum of 152,000 guilders to make up for his losses. On 30October 1693, Baylewas fired-VanZuylen vanNijevelt never took the trouble to respond to Bayle's plea, and the only reason I can think of why Bayle chose to address Van Zuylen, of all people, was his power: Bayle wrote his letter several weeks after the man's reinstatement. When, however, almost to a day three years later the first copies of theDictionnaire became available, it became evident that Bayle persisted in his praise of Erasmus. The article itself is largely identical to the one first published in the Projet et Fragments, but not entirely. It emphasises Erasmus' pacifism to the extent that, for a Protestant, Bayle shows a remarkable understanding of Erasmus' refusal to join Luther during the


1520s.25 Perhaps, cornered by Calvinist zealots, even the Protestant Bayle was able to appreciate Erasmus' fears of reformatory intolerance. In many meandering footnotes Bayle settled various disputes concerningErasmus' biography. Bayle's 23 See on these magistrates E.A. Engelbrecht, De vroedschap van Rotterdam, 1572–1795, Rotterdam, 1973. 24 Rudolf Dekker, 'Schijnheilig atheïst. Bernard Mandeville als pamflettist tijdens het Costermanoproer in Rotterdam in 1690', Holland 26 (1994), pp. 1–17. 25 Pierre Bayle,Dictionnaire historique et critique, Rotterdam, 1702, p. 1157, notes (T) and (V). This is the second edition, the last to have been seen through the press by Bayle himself. 12 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 article on Rotterdam supplies further evidence of his admiration as well as of his awareness of the stature of Erasmus inhis place of birth,on Erasmus' reaction to Scaliger's attack in particular. 30 Bayle, Projet et Fragments, p. 231. the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 13 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 On voit par là le bon goût qui regne depuis lontems parmi ceux qui la gouvernent, et l'on peut dire que l'honneur qu'elle s'est fait par les monumens qu'elle a consacrez à la gloire de ce héros de la Republique des Lettres est aussi grand ou même plus grand que celuy qu' il a fait à sa patrie.31 For Rotterdam has not only preserved the house Erasmus was born in, it also re-named its ancient Latin School in his honour, and finally it even erected a statue to the man. Elsewhere in the Dictionnaire, Erasmus is quoted very often indeed.


c1550–1750, Toronto, 1979, Chapter 8 and Man on his Own. Interpretations of Erasmus, c1750–1920, Toronto, 1992, Chapter 3. See also Nicolaas van der Blom, 'Rotterdam and Erasmus. Some Remarks', J. SpernaWeilandandW.Th.M. Frijhoff (eds.), ErasmusofRotterdam.TheManand theScholar, Leiden, 1988, pp. 240–252; Barbara Sher Tinsley, Pierre Bayle's Reformation. Science and Criticism at the Eve of the Enlightenment, Cranbury N.J., 2001, Chapter 1. 14 van bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 Erasmuswas turned into a precursor of the Enlightenment after all, for Voltaire in particular shared none of the religious sensitivities of Bayle's assessment of Erasmus.34 Bayle's reaction to Erasmus seems to reveal a highly specific congeniality: while his former friend Jean Le Clerc, editor of Erasmus' Opera Omnia from 1703–1706, could revert to the Dutch humanist as a precursor of Arminianism,Bayle could not, for he denied the freedom of the will and he was highly suspicious of any attempt to rationalise faith in the way Le Clerc tended to do. This is why Élisabeth Labrousse went so far as to call Bayle 'un Erasme qui composerait le traité du Serf-Arbitre'.35 Erasmus and Bayle in the Republic of Letters Clearly Bayle's appropriation of Erasmus was also marked by the politics of his personal predicament, for by the 1690s le philosophe de Rotterdam was in urgent need of respectable intellectual ancestry, and Erasmus, source of civic pride to the local elites to this very day, fitted the bill perfectly. Like Erasmus, Baylemust have felt a victimof belligerent, dogmatic theologians, but unfortunately Bayle's positionmattered little to the localmagistrates, whowere caught up


themselves in a violent battle for power. Le philosophe de Rotterdam, however, seems to have been aware of an affinity with Erasmus that was far more fundamental. In the first place, both authors shared a fideist scepticism as regards the apologetic potential of reason and of speculative metaphysics in particular. Precisely Bayle's recognition of Erasmus' fideist tendencies was largely ignored by the eighteenth-century philosophes, and as far as I can see, it was not until the rediscovery of the history of early modern scepticism by the late great Richard Popkin that the coherence of The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Bayle would be recognised again.36 Erasmus' lack of fervour 34 See, more in general, Élisabeth Labrousse, 'Reading Pierre Bayle in Paris', A.C. Kors and P.J. Korshin (eds.),Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France and Germany, Philadelphia, 1987, pp. 7–16. For a fundamental reassessment of Voltaire's stance towards Bayle, see Jonathan I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested. Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man, 1670–1752, Oxford, 2006, Chapter 3. 35 Élisabeth Labrousse, Pierre Bayle. Hétérodoxie et rigorisme, Paris, 1996 (1964), p. 415. 36 The first edition (1960) of his History of Scepticism was entitled From Erasmus to Descartes, the second From Erasmus to Spinoza, and the final edition: The History of Scepticism. From Savonarola to Bayle, Oxford, 2003. the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 15 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 for theological disputes informed by philosophy fits hand in glove with Bayle's critique of Scholasticism, put forward for instance in his article on Aristotle in the


and Romein, who turned to Erasmus as a prime witness in their attempt to create an essentially pacifist national past. During the 1930s Huizinga and Romein were clearly challenged by the real threat of a German Anschluss. Huizinga especially set out to create a national narrative centering on the essentially 'burgerlijk' (civic) nature of Dutch culture alien to contemporary German ambitions.39 Over the past few years, the issue of 'our' national identity has again become the subject of heated debate. From a political perspective, I applaud the initiative of the Erasmiaans Gymnasium to turn its pupils into ambassadors of toleration in the name of Erasmus, and personally I was all in favour of the city's efforts to turn the Erasmushuis into an instrument in the ongoing accommodation ofvan bunge Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 indeed essentially political. We should, however, also acknowledge the highly particular irony in this history of 'Erasmianism'. For we knowhowmuch energy and acumen Erasmus put into the construction of an image of himself as an essentially impartial scholar.40 This brings us to a third and final element in Bayle's appropriation of Erasmus, who has often been called the first 'president' or even 'monarch' of the 'imagined community' of European scholars called the 'Republic of Letters'.41 Much has recently been written about its reality during the early modern age, about its allegedly secularist leanings and its fate during the High Enlightenment. One of the issues which keeps the experts divided is the extent to which during the eighteenth century it remained a


unity.42 This much is certain, however, that if on the eve of the eighteenth century any single scholar in Europe could have been crowned Erasmus' successor, Pierre Bayle, who in 1684 launchedhis ownNouvelles de laRépubliquedes Lettres, was themost obvious candidate.43 The main difference, or so it would seem to me, between the Republic of Letters of the early sixteenth and the late seventeenth centuries was the rise in prestige Bayle personally witnessed of the natural sciences and mathematics. Toput it simply: althoughErasmuswas a contemporary of Copernicus, he never lived to see the publication of De revolutionibus orbium (1543). Bayle, on the other hand, was born five years after Galileo died in 1642 and only three years before Descartes passed away in Stockholm. Most experts agree that Bayle's pointof departure in philosophy was Cartesianism.44 Todd Ryan recently commented that for Bayle 'the seventeenth century is defined by Cartesianism, which he considers to be the most 40 Lisa Jardine, Erasmus, Man of Letters. The Construction of Charisma in Print, Princeton, 1993. See also Bruce Mansfield, Erasmus in the Twentieth Century. Interpretations, c1920–2000, Toronto, 2003, Chapter 6. 41 Peter Burke, 'Erasmus and the Republic of Letters', European Review 7 (1999), pp. 5–17. 42 See most notably Dena Goodman, The Republic of Letters. A Cultural History of the French Enlightenment, IthacaN.Y., 1994; Hans Bots and FrançoiseWacquet, LaRépublique des Lettres, Paris, 1997;AnneGoldgar, Impolite Learning.ConductandCommunity in theRepublic of Letters, 1680–1750, New Haven, 1995; L.W.B. Brockliss, Calvet's Web. Enlightenment and the Republic of Letters in Eighteenth-Century France, Oxford, 2002; Constance M. Furey,


Erasmus, Contarini, and the Religious Republic of Letters, Cambridge, 2006. 43 Hubert Bost, Un 'intellectuel' avant la lettre: le journaliste Pierre Bayle. L'actualité religieuse dans les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres (1684–1687), Amsterdam, 1994. 44 See also my 'Pierre Bayle on the History of Science: What Counts and What Does Not?' (forthcoming). the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 17 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 sophisticated and compelling Christian philosophy yet devised.'45 Bayle's Cartesian sympathies are amply confirmed by his adulation of mathematics, and geometry in particular. I am not sure how much Bayle actually knew about mathematics, or how good he was at it-some scholars may well have been a bit too hasty in claiming that his 'bagage mathématique' was 'minime', but he knew full wellthe humanities. But his plea in favour of the unity of Science is qualified by an interesting discussion: while some domains of knowledge are merely 'utile', others seem mainly 'agréable'.48 In the introduction to his Projet et Fragments of 1692 Bayle even attacked the utilitarian approach to the sciences that would result in the exclusive cultivation of 'the mechanic arts': 'Pour tous professeurs, on n'aurait Presque des Ingénieurs, qui ne feroient qu' inventer de nouveaux moïens de faire périr beaucoup de monde.'49 Bayle, for his part, insisted that the humanities are not only 'agréable'. They also serve a wider, moral purpose: 'en vain chercheroit-on ces utilitez morales dans un receuil de quintessences d'algèbres'.50 Bayle's emphasis on the moral impact of the writing of history next inspired him to


and all other attempts at Soothsaying in general.53 Bayle's optimism, however should not be overestimated. He just revelled in exposing scholarly frauds and scientific charlatans, who to his mind displayedmoral shortcomings in that they were unable to resist the temptation to pose as prophets. Perhaps the 'erudite Cartesian' should not be regarded a paradox either, but rather, as Anthony Grafton has suggested, as an attempt to lend prestige to erudition and historical scholarship as such, at a moment in early modern history when their status was being questioned severely.54 Some of the finest historians have warned us of the dangers of projecting the essentially nineteenth-century distinction between Naturund Geisteswissenschaften onto the late seventeenth-century Republic of Letters.55 As a 51 Ibid. 52 Élisabeth Labrousse, Notes sur Bayle, Paris, 1987,of Scholarship in an Age of Science, 1450–1800, Cambridge Mass., 1991; Paula Findlen, Possessing Nature. Museums, the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 19 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 historian Bayle was still part of an intellectual culture in which scholarly and scientific pursuits were often hard to distinguish. In late seventeenth-century Europe, the 'Two Cultures' C.P. Snow spoke about in his famous 1959 lecture still belonged to a commonpursuit, although in philosophy the status of natural philosophy was rapidly growing. In fact, from a late seventeenth-century perspective, it very much remains to be seen whether Erasmus could be regarded as a philosopher at all. Today,most experts seem to agree that during the seventeenth century Philosophy was largely defined by the ongoing battle between representatives of Aristotelianism and


a series of novatores, including Bacon, Gassendi, Descartes and Hobbes, who were all eager to offer an alternative to the Aristotelian world view, which gradually disintegrated, in particular once its natural philosophy was no longer able to accommodate the latest findings of the 'sciences'. Astronomy, medicine and physics, which until the first half of the eighteenth century was most often simply referred to as 'natural philosophy', gradually abandoned the conceptual vocabulary of the Peripatetic tradition. Several mechanist alternatives were put forward, and in the process both metaphysics and the theory of knowledge profited considerably, for the new philosophies of nature called for a new understanding both of the ultimate structure of reality and of man's cognitive access to nature.56 So the special veneration in which Erasmus was heldby le philosophe de Rotterdam is all the more remarkable: Erasmus was no metaphysician, no natural philosopher and did not espouse any sophisticated epistemology either. From a philosophical perspective, Erasmus was essentially a moral philosopher.57 Bayle's Collecting and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy, Berkeley, 1994; Lorraine Daston, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150–1750, New York, 1997; Eric Jorink, Reading the Book of Nature in the Dutch Golden Age, Leiden, 2010. 56 The literature is, of course, immense, and it would be folly to supply a relevant 'bibliography'. For a particularly forceful, recent attempt to integrate the rise of science and the history of philosophy, see Stephen Gaukroger, The Emergence of a Scientific Culture. Science and the Shaping of Modernity, 1210–1685, Oxford, 2006 and The Collapse of


(2013) 3–21 admiration, however, does not seem to have been inspired by Erasmus' philosophical achievements. Bayle admired Erasmus as a historian. Ruth Whelan has studied Bayle's practice as a historian, and following Labrousse, she has emphasised the importance of both humanist historiography and of the 'Augustino-Calvinist anthropology' at work in Bayle's writings: in his opinion, Whelan argues, the reasonable, 'enlightened' historian has to take precedence over the 'historien passioné'.58 Just as 'prophets' need to be scrutinised over their motives, historians have to be examined critically over their personal involvement with the past. The purpose of enlightened scholarship according to Bayle is to create a community held together by the shared pursuit of reason and truth. This community is, of course, the Republic of Letters. In the Preface tothe Nouvelles de la République des Lettres, the journal Bayle started in 1684, he was, again, at pains to exclude religious considerations from this pursuit: Il ne s'agit point ici de Religion; il s'agit de Science: on doit donc mettre bas tous les termes qui divisent les hommes en differentes factions, et considerer seulement le point dans lequel ils se réünissent ...59 Over the past few decades some of the finest Bayle scholars have turned le philosophe de Rotterdam into an essentially irreligious philosopher, but clearly his 'separatism' alone does not entail any secularism at all.60 Bayle's insistence on the need to separate Reason from Faith also served to keep faith pure, and Erasmus could hardly have disagreed. In philosophy, not only did Bayle share Erasmus' hesitations regarding


Scholasticism, but even his insistence on the possibility of virtuous atheism seems to fit hand in glove with Erasmus' insistence on the need for a Philosophia Christi; for Bayle's critique of revealed religion is based first and foremost on the perfectly Erasmian recognition of the habitual failure of Christians to practice what they preach. Despite his 58 Ruth Whelan, The Anatomy of Superstition. A Study of the Historical Theory and Practice of Pierre Bayle, Oxford, 1989, p. 63. 59 Quoted in Whelan, The Anatomy of Superstition, p. 87. 60 David Wootton, 'Pierre Bayle, Libertine?', M.A. Stewart (ed.), Studies in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy, Oxford, 1997, pp. 197–226; GianlucaMori's Bayle philosophe, Paris, 1999; Jonathan I. Israel, Radical Enlightenment. Philosophy and the and the Making of Modernity, 1650–1750, Oxford, 2001, Chapter18; AntonyMckenna, 'Pierre Bayle in the Twentieth Century', Wiep van Bunge and Hans Bots (eds.), Pierre Bayle (1647–1706), le philosophe de Rotterdam, Leiden, 2008, pp. 253–268. the politics of appropriation: erasmus and bayle 21 Erasmus Yearbook 33 (2013) 3–21 occasional flirt with Epicureanism, Bayle does not argue in favour of any pagan morality. Following Erasmus, he is mainly concerned to establish the abominable difference among both Catholics and Protestants between 'ce qu'on croit et ce qu'on fait'.61 Conclusion In conclusion, Bayle's failed attempt to save his career at the Illustrious School of Rotterdam by turning to Erasmus tapped into a long, local tradition of civic pride: as Rotterdam has always been associated with trade and commerce, rather than with science, scholarship, and other instances of 'high culture', Rotterdam


elites have persistently cultivated the fact that this great humanist was born in their city. More recently, the appropriation of Erasmus has also produced a wide variety of politically motivated initiatives, focussing on his 'tolerant' 'cosmopolitanism'. In Bayle it resulted in a picture of Erasmus that would become highly influential, in particular during the Enlightenment. By the same token Bayle's account of Erasmus appears to have been based on a genuine sense of affinity. Besides a commonpenchant for fideismandpacifism, they shared, or so Bayle must have felt, another cause as well, for both were scholars, dedicated to the quest of establishing historical, that is essentially: textual accuracy. Originally, Bayle's Dictionary was conceived as a compilation of long lists of errors made by previous authors.62 His insistence on theSN showed reduced number of cells, gliosis, axonal spheroids and Lewy bodies. Axonal spheroids were also present in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Her autopsy diagnosis was "Hallervorden‐Spatz disease." The case was submitted to the OHSU repository. After initial improvement with dopaminergic medications, her parkinsonism markedly worsened over two years with development of psychosis. She died in hospice at the age of 42 years. At the time of ascertainment, she reported an extended history of similar disease in several family members suggesting of an autosomal dominant pattern.

![Pedigrees. Family 18: According to report by living family members, individuals 101, 102, and 202 all died in their sixties from health issues unrelated to MPAN; they were not reported to have an MPAN phenotype or signs of parkinsonism prior to their deaths. Individual


Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert traveled to China for talks on the Iranian nuclear threat. Monday's trip also marks 15 years of relations between the countries and seeks to expand Israel's current trade relations. Olmert's family has historic ties to China: His grandparents fled there from czarist Russia in the early 1900s, and his parents were born and raised there.

"China is the country which hosted my parents. They studied in China. They spoke Chinese. They grew up in China, and the Chinese culture is part of my heritage and part of my earliest memory as a young kid in the State of Israel," Olmert was quoted as telling the Chinese news agency Xinhua. "So China is not another country for me."

Hezbollah Rebuilding, UNIFIL Ignoring

Hezbollah is rearming and UnitedNations forces are doing nothing to prevent it or disarm them, Israel's military intelligence chief said. Maj.-Gen. Amos Yadlin told the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee on Tuesday that the Lebanese terrorist group is rebuilding its rocket-launching capabilities. He also said the Syrian army had lowered its alert level to what it was before last summer's war with Lebanon.

Yadlin told the committee it seemed clear that Syrian President Bashar Assad wanted to hold peace talks with Israel, but that his intentions were unclear.

Europe Gets Extreme-Right Caucus

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Extreme-right parties in the European Parliament are forming a caucus. The Guardian reported Monday that the accession of Romania and Bulgaria this month to the European Union enabled the group's formation. Under Parliament rules, a minimum of 19 parliamentarians from at least


five countries are needed for the creation of a political group.

The group expects the Bulgarian member of the Attack Party and the Romanian members of the Greater Romania Party, both of which are known for their anti-Roma, or gypsy, and racist stances, to join. The faction is to be led by French National Front member Bruno Gollnisch, who is awaiting a court verdict on charges of Holocaust denial. It also would include Alessandra Mussolini, granddaughter of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini; and Andreas Moelzer, a former adviser to far-right Austrian politician Joerg Haider.

Moelzer told the Austrian Press Agency that the group will announce its plans when the Parliament gets under way Jan. 15. By forming a caucus, the group, which is to be called Identity, Sovereignty and Transparency, willbe able to avail itself of E.U. funding and easier access to leadership positions in the Parliament.

Jews Blamed for Polish Archbishop's Demise

Some supporters of a Polish archbishop who resigned amid controversy claimed Jews were responsible. Stanislaw Wielgus, the new archbishop of Warsaw, resigned Sunday at a ceremony at St. John's Cathedral that was to mark his new post. Documents in Polish newspapers have revealed that Wielgus collaborated with the communist-era secret police, a collaboration he initially denied but finally admitted.

Following the surprise resignation, fights broke out between the bishop's backers and detractors outside of St. John's, The New York Times reported Monday. Some of the supporters shouted that Jews were trying to destroy the church. The Vatican will look for a replacement for Wielgus, who was replacing Jozef


Glemp. Glemp, who held the post for several decades, stirred controversy when he defended the location of a Carmelite convent and the placement of crosses just outside the former Auschwitz death camp.

Anti-Semitic Attackers Visit Anne Frank House

Ten Belgians convicted of an anti-Semitic attack visited the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam. In the November attack, the 10 youths of Turkish descent threw stones and shouted anti-Semitic slogans at a group of Chasidic teens visiting Beringen, in eastern Belgium. Sentenced to 30 hours of community service, the youths were also invited to the Anne Frank House by Belgian Cabinet Minister Peter Vanvelthoven, who accompanied them on the visit. Vanvelthoven stated that he hoped "to encourage these youths to respect the Jewish people."

Ahmet Koc, a member of Vanvelthoven's personal Cabinet anda board member of the Turkish Union of Belgium, accompanied the group as well, saying the incident had been simply "a misunderstanding." Laura Abrahams, a press officer of Vanvelthoven's office, stated the Anne Frank House had been chosen over more local sites in Belgium because "it is easier for the perpetrators to identify with a young girl in their age group than with millions of victims."

Yeshiva Student Attacked in Sydney

One week after a Holocaust survivor was murdered in Sydney, an Israeli yeshiva student may have been attacked less than a mile from the murder scene. Shortly after midnight Jan. 4, ambulance officers responding to an anonymous call found Nitzan Zerach, 23, lying unconscious in the street on which the yeshiva is located. Police initially believed Zerach's injuries were


comes into attention of the scientific world due to the beneficial effects of some natural products containing it, observed on the human health.

It is known that squalene is the main component of the shark liver oil. From ancient times, fishermen all over the world benefited from the wonderful properties of the oil extracted from the liver of sharks living beneath 1,000 m. The shoguns from ancient Japan recognized the benefits of the deep-sea sharks liver oil, as a source of power, force, energy, and vitality, calling it "Tokubetsu no Miyage," meaning "precious gift." This oil was also known and used by coastal residents and fishermen in Micronesia, who referred to it as "miraculous oil." Locals from Japanese peninsula Izu called this shark liver oil "Samedawa," meaning "cure-all." They accustomed"The role of private and semi government firms has become very important to reach out to people in far off places and provide them health care services. The Health Ministry will approach the private and semi government firms for funding," he said.

Verma was speaking at a discussion on Universal Health Assurance for India organised by Public health Foundation of India (PHFI).

He emphasised that the ministry is trying to invest more in health insurance sector.

"Insurance has been one of the toughest call for the government. Till now only 1.4 percent of the GDP was invested in the health insurance sector. But this will soon be a priority for the government," he said.

"Even the Rastriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) will be transferred from the labour ministry to the health ministry,"


There's a new threat on the horizon for BitTorrent pirates in the US. A new outfit called "Rights Enforcement" is using DMCA notices to send automated settlement demands to alleged copyright infringers. With an arsenal of known "copyright trolls" on side, it probably won't shy away from taking matters to court.

Many Hollywood insiders see online piracy as a major threat, but very few are willing to target file-sharers with lawsuits or settlement demands.

Voltage Pictures was one of the pioneers on this front, at least in the US. Together with their legal team and BitTorrent tracking partner, the filmmakers have sued tens of thousands of people since 2010.

Initially, this was a very lucrative practice, as rightsholders were able to join many defendants in a single lawsuit. However, nowadays courtspeace of both herself and children, which, she says, defendant threatens to take away.
At inception of the proceeding a writ of temporary injunction (so designated) was ordered and issued without bond. To the foregoing, defendant filed plea of privilege to be sued in Van Zandt County, the place of his residence; and subject thereto, a motion to dissolve the temporary injunction. On a later hearing (April 25, 1956), said plea of privilege was sustained, the injunction dissolved, with order transferring *543 the cause to Van Zandt County, from which adverse ruling Mrs. Armstrong has duly perfected an appeal.
Appellant in controverting affidavit interposed exception 9 (trespass) of Article 1995, Vernon's Ann.Civ.St., and here contends that her petition reflects two independent causes of action, one for injunction against the trespass


of defendant upon her property in Dallas County, the other for debt (sums due and to become due for support of the minor children); that the cause of action for injunctionan active trespasswas properly asserted in Dallas County, thereby permitting plaintiff (absent a plea of misjoinder) to join and maintain the further action for support to avoid a multiplicity of suits. On the trial, defendant announced ready on the plea of privilege only, objecting "to the case being heard on its merits"; the judgment rendered reciting "And the court having considered the plea of privilege, and, after due notice, the controverting plea, and the temporary injunction granted herein on March 13, 1956, together with all the evidence offered and the argument of counsel, is of the opinion thata plane/bus/train, so everyone will meet again!

EP5 RecapAfter a quick guided tour in the famous Hermitage Museum, Teams left chilly St. Petersburg, Russia, bound for the deserts of Cairo, Egypt. Capitalizing on discovering a better flight during a layover in Paris, dating couple Colin & Christie arrived in Egypt, completed the Fast Forward and checked into the Pit Stop at the Sphinx in first place hours before second-place cousins Charla & Mirna even landed in Cairo. In a familiar last-place battle between twins Kami & Karli and bowling moms Linda & Karen, the moms lost but learned this was the first of four pre-determined non-elimination legs. However, in a new twist, Teams were stripped of all their money and wouldn't receive any at the start of the next


leg.

PICTURE PERFECTDeparting the Pit Stop at Catherine's Palace in first place on a snowy morning at 9:11am, married parents Chip & Kim opened their clue to discover they must travel 20 miles by train to St. Petersburg and find the Hermitage, one of the world's largest and most famous museums. Once inside, a curator would follow as Teams searched the nearly 3 million works on exhibit to find one painting, "The Return of the Prodigal Son" by Rembrandt, to receive their next clue. On their current standing, Chip commented, "We feel awesome because we're finally number one. We want to keep it that way."

Leaving 31 minutes later, Colin & Christie found a taxi to take them to the train station. On the teamwork between him and his partner,Colin remarked, "Christie and I have been working together as a very cohesive Team. We've barked at each other, but I thought we worked together perfectly."

As Chip & Kim got onto the first train to St. Petersburg, brothers Marshall & Lance left the Pit Stop with some concern about the pain in Marshall's knees, which had escalated during the rest period. (Chip discusses Marshall's knees) Following the brothers were Charla & Mirna, who were unable to find a taxi. They walked to the station through the snow-covered streets, still maintaining a lead over fifth-place dating Christians Brandon & Nicole. (Kami & Kristi in Russia) (Marshall & Lance get directions)

As the last-place Teams, Linda & Karen and Kami & Karli, departed from the Pit Stop, Chip & Kim began


their search in the sprawling Hermitage Museum for Rembrandt's "The Return of the Prodigal Son." Soon, dating couple Colin & Christie began their hunt with little success as they bickered about how to find the painting. (Colin & Christie hunt for the Rembrandt) Citing their strong Christian faith and familiarity with the parable upon which the painting is based, Chip & Kim eventually found the painting and received their next clue instructing them to fly over 2000 miles to Cairo, Egypt and proceed to the Tower of Cairo, a 600-foot observation tower overlooking the city.

HIGH FLYINGChip & Kim hailed a taxi and headed to the airport, while Colin & Christie, also having found the painting, decided to go to a travel agency. At the airport, Chip & Kimwere told that the earliest available flight would land in Cairo at 3:15pm, so they booked that flight. At the travel agency, Colin & Christie discovered a flight getting them into Cairo at 2:25pm, which they booked before arriving at the airport. Also arriving at the airport, Marshall & Lance, Charla & Mirna and Brandon & Nicole also secured places on the 3:15 flight, which assured Colin & Christie a 50-minute lead in Egypt. (Brandon & Nicole mellow out)

As Colin & Christie boarded their flight to Cairo, Linda & Karen and Kami & Karli raced into the Hermitage in hopes of catching up to the four Teams waiting at the airport. With the help of a local, Kami & Karli quickly found "The Return of the Prodigal Son,"