that time Aakash’s family wanted to pursue his treatment in another hospital (Sushrut). Needless to say Sanjay was there, he really stepped up, providing emotional, logistical and financial support to the family. He took time off work to visit the family at more than one occasion and has been extremely humble and unassuming about the whole thing. He has advised the family and literally has taken the family under his wings. It is people like Sanjay who make this world a better place. Sanjay, AAG salutes you. There have been other AAG members who have contributed by providing information for a second opinion or providing funds for his treatment . When AAG reached out, Anil Menon was quick to provide information of another hospital in Kochi where theDunes has a superb sweeping dunes stretch and zero vegetation, the greatest ways of getting to the place is by a camelback ride that can be enjoyed with other tourists doing a Rajasthani tour from a local tour operator, and enjoy the stunning landscapes of troughs and crests.

Part of the package is to ride the camel for the whole time with the guidance of the owners themselves. It is a memorable experience while exploring and enjoying the beauty of the landscape ahead. Revel yourself in the romantic seclusion while your camel gets you into the depth of the Thar Desert.

Another enthralling sight is the dung beetle which is on a much lesser scale. Learn more about the dunes through these industrious insects that rolls on dung lumps which


WLRH Events

Cyber Security Conference

Date:

Saturday, February 8, 2014

Description:

Bsides Huntsville is the first Cyber Security Conference for high school students and teachers in the state of Alabama. The conference includes hacking presentations and demonstrations, and information about hacking ethics, security related internships, jobs and startups! The conference runs from 8am-5pm.
The agenda includes:
Dr. Casey Wardynski, superintendent, Huntsville City Schools - keynote speaker
Dr. Ray Vaughn, vice president for research, UA Huntsville
There are to be many more demonstrations and speakers. EC Council CSCU certification training is also to be included. Admission is charged.Bradley: For Derek Jeter, time to get back into Yankee pinstripes

Michael Mancuso/The Times of TrentonDerek Jeter will rejoin the Yankees in Cleveland on Monday, just six hits away from 3,000 for his career.

TRENTON — And so Derek Jeter’s road to 3,000 hits took an unplanned detour through the state capital for the last two nights. History was delayed because of the calf strain that put Jeter on the disabled list for the last 17 days, but the setback wasn’t all bad.

Twenty-eight members of the Trenton Thunder got a chance to hang with a future Hall of Famer, watch him work out and pick his brain. Maybe a handful of the Trenton players will get a shot in the big leagues one day, and one or two may even


openly about his early years in professional baseball and how those years were not easy. “I remember when I first managed him, I think he’d gone through his entire high school season without ever striking out,” recalled Yankee scout Gary Denbo, who managed or coached Jeter in each of his first four pro seasons. “We had a doubleheader in the Gulf Coast League and I think he struck out five or six times in one day. I had to explain to him that was a normal part of the process.”

Jeter has talked about running up astronomical phone bills to his parents in Kalamazoo, Mich., back in those days, and doubting his own ability to the point of contemplating quitting. In other words, he was a long, long wayand economic development expert who visited Tehran at the invitation of the Iranian government to speak at a conference on women’s entrepreneurship and employment, was seized as he tried to catch a return flight in September 2015. The State Department even helped fund his trip, according to his colleagues.

The Lebanese-American and permanent U.S. resident is secretary-general of the Dupont Circle-based IJMA3 group, which lobbies for the information and communications technology industry in the Middle East. Zakka earned degrees from the University of Texas after graduating from the Riverside Military Academy in Gainesville, Ga., in 1985. He used to work as a software engineer at contractor Kellogg, Brown & Root in the early ’90s.

He was sentenced to 10 years on espionage charges a year after his arrest. Friends of


Zakka — including former Riverside Military Academy president Col. James Benson (USMC ret.), Army Major Gen. John Peabody (ret.), and former Assistant Secretary of the Army Paul Woodley — have lobbied the State Department to “mount a humanitarian effort” to free the IT expert, arguing he is “a man without country when it comes to consular assistance” as the Lebanese government wouldn’t take up the U.S. resident’s case.

Omar was a cadet second lieutenant at Riverside, his father’s alma mater, when Nizar Zakka was seized.

“While my dad is of a strong and sound mind, he is fighting for his liberty, indeed, his life. This week marks five weeks of hunger strike. His body may be weak, but his will, as I said, as strong as ever. My dad isinnocent and, as he says, will not be forced to do things against his will, including signing forced confessions,” Omar Zakka told lawmakers.

“All of my brothers are very proud of him. Our dad is truly a great man, maybe a better man than I’ll ever be. My dad has devoted his life for humanitarian and development work. In other words, helping others.”

Doug Levinson, son of America’s longest-held hostage, declared that “Bob Levinson has been left behind by the U.S. government time and time and time again.”

A former FBI agent and 69-year-old father of seven, Levinson was working as a private detective on a cigarette smuggling case on Kish Island, an Iranian resort port in the Persian Gulf with looser entrance requirements. He disappeared in March 2007, and his


wife made subsequent trips to Iran to try to find out any information. A hostage video of Levinson was sent to the family in late 2010, and in April 2011 they received photos of him. They released the photos in January 2013 out of frustration that not enough was being done by the government.

When five U.S. hostages were returned from Iran at the time of the implementation of the nuclear deal in January 2016, Bob Levinson was not among them. His frustrated family started the hashtag #WhatAboutBob as the other captive Americans returned home. Levinson is the longest-held hostage in U.S. history and has five grandchildren he’s never met, including a 3-year-old named Bobby in remission from stage 2 lymphoma.

The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention foundhistory, he added.

In a direct message to his father: “We miss you, we love you. Please stay strong. We’re going to get your home.”

Babak Namazi, pleading for his father and brother, emphasized that the U.S. must “get my family out before it’s too late.”

“I fear that at any moment my father may die,” he said.

Siamak Namazi, a businessman who was raised in the United States and had been working out of Dubai, was arrested in October 2015 while visiting a friend in Tehran. Namazi hails from a prominent Iranian family; his father used to be governor in Khuzestan province and a UNICEF official, and the family immigrated to the U.S. in 1983. His father, Baquer Namazi, 81, was arrested in Tehran in February and also taken to the


major roads 2% of Spain Chicago has about 2.7 million people, making it about 3x bigger 1% of the U.S. Lyon has a population of almost 500,000 1% of France Constitutional monarchycrowned republicprime minister- head of government and excercises political power voting-18 women and menknown for being relatively stablecorruption not a problem former republicpeaceful transition to democracycivil war 1936-39 between loyalists and nationalists boundaries are geographicmountains and bottleneckelevation change between portugal and spain majority religion- Catholicfreedom of religion guaranteedunique foods- paellas and tapas Spain has a mixed economy as does the U.S. and other developed countries. A mixed economy has stock, import and trade, and revenue from taxation of its residents. Living in Spain Per Capita GDP Spain-$30,400

The GDP in Spain and surrounding countries is around the same.care about the wildlifeThere are 14 national parks in SpainThere are also nature parks for the plants and animalsThere are 59 national parks in the U.S. Climate One of the warmest countries in EuropeDry summersWinters with balanced temperaturesWinters can also be cold and snowyWarm summers make a large tourist destinationSnowy mountains make for good skiingSub-tropical Mediterranean climate Land Use 1/3 used for crops2/3 has buildings, roads, meadows, and forests Unique Land Formations The Rock of Gibraltar-located on the coast-near the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea-captured by the British-important navy basePyrenees Mountain Range-natural border between Spain and France-rocky, jagged, snow-covered peaksSierra Nevada Mountains-base of the mountains is tropical-peaks are snow-covered-skiing is a popular activity The Rock of Gibraltar Pyrenees Mountain Range Sierra Nevada Mountains THE END Pablo Picasso Tibidabo


Sunday, August 24, 2014

"That's your problem, Braceface. You judge others by what they look like. You've spent your life putting people into little categories-nerd, geek, athlete, cheerleader, weakling-and you can't imagine they might be more than what you think. People are always more than what they appear."-Matilda (a.k.a. Wheezer)

Jackson Jones rules elementary school. He's the star of the football team, receives decent grades, has a high popularity status, and a group of his own to call his friends. He spends his days frequently on the field and playing pranks and raids on the nerds of his school. However, this all changes with a single dentist visit. He is told that he will now need braces due to the recent discovery of the abnormal amount of teeth that hismouth is harboring. Wearing awkward braces is not what cool people do, it's what "nerds" have. Forced to wear estranged headgear mounted on his face, he is quickly shunned by his peers and those so called friends he used to hang out with. He's now the object of his past associates' pranks, turning his life around in a complete 360 manner. Jackson's grades quickly drop, and all he does is "spy" to see all of the ins and outs of everyone at his elementary school, students and teachers alike.

When his snooping leads him to a group of students that abnormally sneeze at the same time, prompting the five to leave their class in a timely fashion, he finds himself in an awkward situation. After chasing them down the


school's hallway, Jackson hides in a locker when the principal comes walking his way. He can't afford to get in trouble for cutting class. It's at this time that he falls through the floor of the locker, taking him beneath the school, thanks to an elaborate system built by a group unbeknownst to him. It's at the end of this journey that Jones finds himself in a lab-like area, surrounded by scientists working on countless inventions. When he's spotted, he quickly runs into a room that locks behind him. At this time, people are trying to break down the door to get to the intruder, Jackson, while he is being assessed by some type of computer that's located in the room. Finding his weakness, his headgear, the computeris what happened to Jackson. He can now use his braces in strange new ways by imagining what he wants them to turn into and then using them to protect himself and fight enemies in their new form.

The former jock decides to join the team of N.E.R.D.S which consists of Ruby ("Pufferfish) who is allergic to countless emotions, actions, and foods, allowing her to be, in a sense, psychic, Matilda ("Wheezer"), a fierce girl with asthma who can use her inhalers to fly and blast people back or create gaping holes, Duncan ("Gluestick") a sweet boy who devours large amounts of glue, allowing him to stick to walls and surfaces with his own paste, Heathcliff ("Choppers") a young lad with abnormally large teeth that can hypnotize people, and


Stroller organizer is its extra-long, zippered pocket which is perfectly sized for wet sips, diapers and more. Four adjustable velcro straps attach the Stroller organizer to horizontal handlebars on all jogging strollers as well as standard strollers. Fits BOB, Baby Jogger, Britax, Bugagoo, UPPAbaby and more. Main Material: Oxford Fabric

Look After Baby is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide
a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Endless.com, MYHABIT.com, SmallParts.com, or
AmazonWireless.com. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.The actress who plays the central role in the new TV series ‘Derry Girls’ has said she wanted to make sure her character reflected the innocence of teenagers at the time.

Local actress Saoirse Jackson plays central character Erin Quinn, a pupil at the fictitious Our Lady Immaculate Convent School in the series.

The first episode of Derry Girls, written by Derry woman Lisa McGee, will be screened on Channel 4 on Thursday, January 4 at 10 p.m.

The show takes a humorous and warm look at the everyday lives of a group of ordinary people living in the city during what was an extraordinary period at the end of the Troubles.

The cast includes comedian Tommy Tiernan and Tara Lynn O’Neill, who play Erin’s parents, Game of Thrones star Ian McElhinney


Sts. Joan of Arc & Patrick School holds Full Accreditation from the State of Indiana State Board of Education, and also is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement/Advance ED.World through the aperture

A double rainbow arcs over a palm tree in Santa Rosa, California on February 15, 2019. (Photo by AP)

A selection of photos shot recently from around the world:

Monarch butterflies cluster on tree branches in the Amanalco de Becerra sanctuary, on the mountains near the extinct Nevado de Toluca volcano, in Mexico, February 14, 2019. (Photo by AP)Sediment-filled water is seen in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia February 13, 2019 in this picture obtained from social media on February 15, 2019. (Photo by Reuters)Jay Michael Tucker kayaks through the flooded Surrey Resort as the Russian River flows through it in Guerneville, California, February 15, 2019. (Photo by AP)In this February 7, 2019, photo, a player performs on a Mallakhamb pole during an early morning training session


at Shivaji Park in Mumbai, India. (Photo by AP)A Tibetan monk walks along an alley in Labrang Monastery ahead of "Sunbathing Buddha Festival", in Xiahe county, Gansu Province, China February 15, 2019. (Photo by Reuters)Students hold candles during a vigil to pay tribute to Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel who were killed after a bomber rammed a car into a bus carrying them in south Kashmir on Thursday, inside a temple in Ahmedabad, India, February 15, 2019. (Photo by Reuters)Vehicles are seen as Muslims perform Friday prayer on the road during the Biswa Ijtema in Dhaka, Bangladesh February 15, 2019. (Photo by Reuters)Worshipers attend a special Jumu'ah prayer service at the Central Mosque in Lagos on February 15, 2019, on the eve of Nigeria's presidential elections. (Photoby AFP)Autorickshaws pass under a billboard of Atiku Abubakar, the official opposition candidate in the upcoming elections, posted at a crossroad in Aba, one of the pro-Biafran separatist regions, on February 14, 2019. (Photo by AFP)A goat walks on plastic waste, used to reclaim a swamp so that the land can be developed for housing, in the Mosafejo area of Lagos on February 12, 2019. (Photo by AFP)


Lawmakers are crediting Capitol Police with acting quickly to prevent the shooting at a congressional baseball practice Wednesday from becoming "a massacre."

House Majority Whip Steve Scalise was shot in the hip by a gunman who opened fire at the practice in Alexandria, Va., on Wednesday morning. Two Capitol Police officers and an aide also were injured, a security source said.

Scalise's office said the lawmaker is undergoing surgery and in stable condition, adding: "He is grateful for the brave actions of U.S. Capitol Police, first responders, and colleagues."

Scalise is the first member of Congress to be shot since Gabby Giffords in 2011. As a member of leadership, he has a security detail -- and Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., credited police with preventing an even bigger tragedy.

“Without Capitol Hill police,for public intoxication, disorderly conduct, and obstructing an officer. At
approximately 10:00 a.m. on November 23, 2009, Mr. Kyer filed a report with the Parkersburg
Police Department in regard to his physical altercation with petitioner. On December 14, 2009, a
warrant was issued for petitioner’s arrest on charges of malicious assault stemming from his
altercation with Mr. Kyer. On March 4, 2010, petitioner pled guilty in magistrate court to
obstructing an officer. The charges of public intoxication and disorderly conduct were dismissed.
Petitioner was sentenced to four months in jail, which was suspended in lieu of one year of
unsupervised probation.

        During the May 2010 term of court, petitioner was indicted by a grand jury on one count
of malicious assault. After appearing for arraignment on the malicious assault


Cariou is offering the songs of George and Ira Gershwin Dec. 11 at 7 PM and Dec. 13-14 at 8 PM. Doors open at 5 PM.

Cariou won the Tony Award in 1979 for his work in the title role of Sweeney Todd and was nominated for his performances in A Little Night Music and Applause. He has also been seen on Broadway in Proof, The Dinner Party, The Speed of Darkness, Teddy & Alice, Dance a Little Closer, Cold Storage, Don't Call Back, Sondheim: A Musical Tribute, Night Watch, King Henry V and The House of Atres.

There is a $35-$45 cover charge and a $25 food and beverage minimum. 54 Below is located at 254 W. 54th Street. Tickets and additional information are available at 54Below.com.[AMERICANS ABROAD] It was a miserable weekend for Americans in Europe, where only nine of the 22 World Cup hopefuls played.
Of the nine, six lost and three tied.

The injury list grew as Timmy Chandler had to be taken to the hospital with a knee injury (meniscus tear)
suffered in Nuremberg's Frankisch-Bayerisches derby with German champion Bayern Munich.

Players who did not dress included forwards Clint Dempsey,
Aron Johannsson and Terrence Boyd and midfielder Alejandro Bedoya.

MEXICO.DaMarcus Beasley left Puebla's game against Guadalajara on his own power, limping off in the second half after being stomped on in the
1-0 loss to Chivas.

Saturday ...

Timmy Chandler's season could be finished after he had to taken
to the hospital for a CAT early in Nuremberg's Fränkisch-Bayerisches derby with German champion Bayern Munich.

Nuremberg said Chandler was expected to


be out 8-10 weeks. The injury,
which came in the 8th minute of his 100th Bundesliga, was a huge blow as he had been playing very well to draw the attention of U.S. national team Jurgen Klinsmann,
in whose doghouse he's been for much of the last year.

It was a rough day for Nuremberg, which lost young striker David Ginczek for six weeks with a knee injury (cruciate
ligament). Both players were scheduled to have surgery Monday in Augsburg.

-- Also unable to play was Oguchi Onyewu, who had been making a late bid
since his move to Sheffield Wednesday. Once again, Sacha Kljestan did not get off the bench at Anderlecht, where he has made one league appearance in the last
two months.

German-American Andrew Wooten scored on his first touch with his new‘Make breakfast non-negotiable for kids’, say dietitians

THE Dietitians Association of Australia is calling on Clarence Valley parents to make eating breakfast 'non-negotiable' for school-aged children after recent research highlighted the huge pitfalls for students who start school hungry.

The research, released by Foodbank, found teachers noticed most students who skipped breakfast had low energy levels and difficulty concentrating.

It also showed three children in every classroom were arriving at school hungry or without breakfast, and for many of these students, this happened more than three times a week.

These alarming figures are something nutrition experts do not find surprising.

Kate Di Prima, Spokesperson for the Dietitians Association of Australia, said skipping breakfast will make children feel 'fuzzy' in the head and lethargic because their brains are being starved of energy.

"The brain requires


was one of many organizations that linked these issues to ending the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Harry Belafonte, a speaker at the rally who had also addressed the historic 1963 March on Washington, noted that for Afghanistan, “The President's decision to escalate the war in that region alone cost the nation $33 billion. That sum of money could not only create 600,000 jobs here in America, but would even leave us a few billion to start rebuilding our schools, our roads, our hospitals and affordable housing.”

NY Voter Registration Deadline Is October 8
To vote in the November 2 general election in New York State, registration forms must be postmarked by October 8. Voter registration forms are available in libraries, post offices, and offices of many City and Statethe Research Foundation needs to settle this in a fair way.” RF employees on the three campuses were joined by library and teaching faculty, CLTs and several members of a SUNY-Stony Brook union local.

PSC and CUNY Reach Agreement on Winter Session Teaching Load for Adjuncts
In response to requests from department chairs and adjuncts for a change in the contractual provision on winter session workload, the PSC and CUNY management signed an agreement last week to allow adjuncts to teach up to eight hours during the 2011 winter session at all CUNY colleges (except Kingsborough and LaGuardia, for which a separate agreement on winter teaching load already exists). Classroom contact hours during the 2011 winter session will not be counted toward adjuncts’ workload in the fall 2010 semester or


Breaking News Emails

Get breaking news alerts and special reports. The news and stories that matter, delivered weekday mornings.

Feb. 28, 2019, 9:07 PM GMT

By Andrea Mitchell

WASHINGTON — What happens when you hold a summit without doing your homework, and after ignoring warnings from your own intelligence chiefs that Kim Jong Un would never give up his nuclear weapons?

Your summit falls apart, as President Donald Trump's did early Thursday morning. The outcome suggests that the biggest mistake made by the president and his top advisers was agreeing to the meeting with the North Korean leader in the first place.

After last year's meeting in Singapore, which at times appeared more like a buddy movie than a serious nuclear disarmament negotiation, Trump was widely criticized for saying "there is no longer anuclear threat from North Korea."

He left it to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to nail down Kim's vaguely worded promise to denuclearize. But the past eight months have been frustrating for the secretary of state: On one fruitless trip to Pyongyang last July, Pompeo was snubbed by Kim, who refused to see him; and shortly after Pompeo left Pyongyang, the North Korean foreign ministry excoriated him for what it called "gangster-like tactics."

There are also plenty of signs that Trump has been relying excessively on his budding "bromance" with Kim, rather than the real hard slog of nuts-and-bolts arms negotiations by his team.

Last September, he told a rally in West Virginia that Kim "wrote me beautiful letters, and they're great letters. We fell in love." Visitors to the Oval


for TV moments. I did not think the president should have gone to the summit without the preparation."

The analogy is not perfect, but the collapse of the Hanoi summit and the abrupt departure of the president reminded me of the 1986 summit in Reykjavik, Iceland, when Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev — counting on their personal chemistry from their first meeting in Geneva — ran into the cold reality of their conflicting positions on nuclear weapons.

Their meeting collapsed in acrimony, but a year later they were signing the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces treaty in Washington. Perhaps it's a good omen that hard lessons can be learned from diplomatic failures.

Andrea Mitchell

Andrea Mitchell, NBC's chief foreign affairs correspondent, is also the host of "Andrea Mitchell Reports," an hour of political newsWho said, “I think they lost their money”?

On Thursday, a newly-released report alleged that the National Enquirer paid a doorman at a Trump property in New York City thousands of dollars to remain silent about a rumor that Donald Trump had an illegitimate child with a female employee.

American Media Inc., which owns the National Enquirer, allegedly paid $30,000 to Dino Sajudin for the rumor about Trump’s sex life in exchange for signing a contract that prohibited him from disclosing the rumor or details of the contract to anyone.

Sajudin claimed that Trump fathered a child with an employee at Trump World Tower, a story that the Enquirer reportedly pursued for four weeks before dropping it. The Associated Press reports:

The woman at the center of the rumor about Trump denied


clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead. A priest happened to be going down the same road, and when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan, as he traveled, came where the man was; and when he saw him, he took pity on him. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put the man on his own donkey, brought him to an inn and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper. ‘Look after him,’ he said, ‘and when I return,on January 31, 1990. The police began looking for the defendant, Christopher M. Scarbrough, the following day after learning from Johnson's neighbors that Scarbrough had been seen with Johnson at the apartment complex on the day of the murder. On February 7, 1990, the police talked with Scarbrough's wife but were unable to locate Scarbrough. The wife stated that she had seen him only sporadically in the past few weeks but that she would tell him that the police were looking for him. Scarbrough telephoned the police department and left messages stating that he would call back later. He did not leave a telephone number at which he could be reached.
The police then ran Scarbrough's name through the state computer files and found that there was an outstanding


his arrest was the product of an illegal pretextual arrest.
Scarbrough argues that the police arrested him on a valid traffic warrant but would not have done so but for a desire to question him about the killing. He contends that his arrest was a mere "pretext" to question him about the killing and that the arrest therefore violated his Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizuresthat the arrest on the traffic ticket warrant was merely a guise to avoid what he says was a lack of probable cause to arrest him for murder.
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution states:
"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated,Getty Images

Darren Sharper has reportedly been fired by the NFL Network, per Nancy Dillon and Christian Red of the New York Daily News:

The 38-year-old former NFL safety – who has been charged with drugging and raping two women in L.A. and faces two counts of aggravated rape of two different women in New Orleans – was officially terminated by the NFL Network, according to a spokesman. Sharper was an analyst on the network after his playing days ended, but was suspended indefinitely without pay Jan. 18 following an arrest for drug possession.

The news comes after an arrest warrant was issued for the former safety. He was charged with raping two women in New Orleans, per The Associated Press (via ESPN).

Sharper is also being investigated for sexual assault cases


target to halve child poverty between 1998 and 2010 was almost met, rather than being missed by 600,000 children as previously thought.”

Sign up to the daily Business Today email or follow Guardian Business on Twitter at @BusinessDesk

Since 2010 child poverty has been rising twice as fast since as official figures show, it said.

“The proportion of children in poverty has actually grown by 21% between 2011 and 2016, rather than 11%, in part because the growth is from a lower base. This has been driven by a longer-term rise in children living in poor working families, up from 30% to 39% since 2003-2004,” the report read.

Adam Corlett, a senior economic analyst at the foundation, said: “Reducing child poverty has been a goal of politicians from all parties in recentStanley Ann Dunham Soetoro, a CIA double agent, was used very well for her role as the little mother of pawn Barry Soetoro. She played the role of seductress and sado-porn star, as well as cult member and house wife. She had a dizzying amount of relationships, good cover to hide who Barry’s real father is.

Stanley Ann’s parents originally from Kansas, moved to Seattle where she was enrolled in Mercer Island High School. Her father, Stanley, being longtime CIA and her mother, Madelyn, running the CIA front company, handling under the table deals and other such activities. Frank Davis was a very close friend of the family, even when they were in Kansas, following them then to Seattle and so on. Stanley Dunham (the father), and Frank Davis


were very close, drinking and smoking and chasing women together. I’m sure, given what we know about those circles, there was much more than that. Bill Ayers was also a fellow CIA-pal. Stanley Ann was a porn star for some time, directed by Frank Marshall Davis who published some of their times in a porno autobiography called Sec Rebel: Black. Madelyn Dunham, Stanley Ann’s mom, worked in probate department of the Oahu Circuit court with access to the Social security numbers of the deceased individuals, which have been used for Barry’s many identities. She also was vice president of the Bank of Hawaii where she handled the money laundering accounts.

During the late 50’s the US was involved, as always, in many power grabs. Some in Africa, specifically Kenya,where Hussein Obama was used in a political scheme. He and some of his friends traveled back and forth to the White House several times and were deeply involved with the President Eisenhower and Kennedy. Foreign exchange programs were created specifically to ship them back and forth as needed. Hussein, Tom Mboya and his friends had to stop at Hawaii to switch planes before entering USA. During their lay overs, they would all stay with the Dunhams.

This same time period the USA power grabs were also happening in Asia, Indonesia where Lieutenant Colonel Lolo Soetero helped with the CIA backed coup that toppled Indonesia’s president, Sukarno. Barry’s mother, also deeply involved in the bloodbath around 1965, funded by the CIA and executed by the Indonesian muslims. Lolo himself


Barry is just as he says: an Indonesian Muslim.

The cult had at least 20,000 members worldwide in 2001. The World Subud organization has been based in, Chicago and Indonesia and even in Hawaii in the 1960s. Fuddy was appointed to her post in the Health Dept in Hawaii in 2011, just in time to be involved in the documentation of Obama’s Hawaiian Birth Certificate. Deliana Loretta Fuddy, “regional helper” and member of the faith, was also chairwoman of Subud USA, based in Seattle from 2006 to 2008. It is possible this woman is just a Stanley Ann Dunham front.

More About Barry:

Registration document, made available on Jan. 24, 2007, by the Fransiskus Assisi school (note: Pope Francis: St. Francis: Sir. Francis Bacon: All elite bloodlines. All connected in ain money laundering, bribery, terrorist support, tax evasion, smuggling and illegal immigration. A front company for CIA. They were there supporting Osama Bin Laden against the Russians in Afghanistan. Barry’s history is missing for the next three years but we do know he was in Indonesia and India as well during this time.

There are no records of Obama at Columbia University. The ID he claims as proof did not exist in 1981 when he supposedly attended.

The The ID cards contained the student’s social security numbers until 1996. 400 students who would have been in direct contact with Barry during his time there have no memory of him. Not one of them.From 1983 to 1984, Barry worked as Editor at Business Internation Corporation, a Business International Corporation, a known


CIA front company.

Saudi Arabia donated $20 million to Harvard in 1988 to buy an admission for Barry Soetoro under the fake name Barack Hussein Obama. Barry has no license in law from Harvard as he had to rescind it to not be disbarred for fraud. However he did get away defrauding the State Bar of Illinois.

1995-1999, Barry was a chair of Annenberg Challenge, a charity which lasted 6 years. Officially he collected 50 million from Annenberg plus 110 million matching funds. However, due to fund swap with Annenberg, he had as much as 500 million, which of course is unaccounted for today. Barry worked for Miner law firm to supplement his $56K salary as a state senator. He solicited grants from his buddy Robert Blackwell, which resulted inBarry receiving a raise to $100,000 salary.

All that he has done in his life has been fraud. He has not been an American National. His purpose was and is to dissolve American and European societies by jihad. That has always been his purpose and that is exactly what he has done.

In the year of his 2009 campaign alone, Barry spent over $950,000 in campaign funds. These funds were given to eleven law firms in 12 states for legal resources to block disclosure of any of his personal records. His records in Kenya and Indonesia are also sealed.

Here is aCertified copy of Registration of Birth from Kenya, dated 17th of February 1964 and signed by Deputy Registrar Joshua Sioon Couya. This is a copy of an original that had


been signed by Registrar E.F Lavender on 5th of August in 1961.

And here, Barrack Hussein Obama appears with a Hawaiian Birth Certificate April 25, 2011 stating a birth on the 4th of August in 1961. Stanley Ann is said to have given birth to Barry in Honolulu on August 4th, 1961 but the University of Washington’s records prove that she was in Seattle attending classes at that time. It has been told by General Jeemiah and the Indonesian Intelligence that Barry was born in the city of Denpasar, Bali. His babysitter, Mary Toutonghi, remembers babysitting him beginning in February of 1961. Barry was born in March of 1960. Stanley Ann was pushed into school in Hawaii September 26, 1960. 6 weeks late for school and two months later,very sick with aids, which is why his skin tone changes from time to time. However, it is always important to note which Obama you are looking at. Just like Hillary and the rest of them. After the life he has had, the torture, rape, mind control and the Satanic brainwashing done by the Jesuit elite who control him, what more could we expect, but a ruthless, bloodthirsty tyrant?

HR 1540 and all of his other executive orders (EOs) have set up the foreign dictator perfectly to complete his task with absolute compliance and silence from the citizens. He has already murdered over 250 million citizens that we know of, in the last couple of years. Citizens of the USA have been rounded up and taken away in the


terrorist supergroup, ISIS. The veil tends to fall hard quickly after it is raised even a sliver.

But, as in the anarchist city of Barcelona briefly during the thirties, these Kurdish experiments in anti-authoritarian living actually function. There is no shock here. History, or more accurately the cracks and margins within and outside the official pages of history, is dripping with similar stories of communities who were successfully able to become, at least temporarily, truly free.

Peter Kropotkin wrote an anarchist masterpiece on the immense influence of mutual aid on both the natural and social worlds. Kropotkin points out that the medieval city, free from feudal domination, with its craft guilds and other voluntary associations was a model of mutual aid and liberty.

In short, the more we begin to knowand one more enmired in the suck of time.

It is toward what I have called the eternal that time is disturbed
to awaken the workers of the world to the virtue, the power, that lies
in their labor. The poet, too, is a worker, for the language, even as
the field and the factory, belongs to the productive orders and means in
which the communal good lies. All that is unjust, all that has been
taken over for private exploitation from the commune, leaves us restless
with time, divorced from the eternal. -- The H.D. Book

This process, though, can be reversed. It also provides a third option, a new direction. Beyond and outside of both private property and state control, with all the devices and mechanisms of oppression and imposed misery implied by these


two, is the commons. This is an archaic place of freedom, now reduced to back alleys, weedlots and the unexploitable wild.

And yet this is the same place in which we all imagine. And in this fashion it is infinite. The commons stretches back through the free cities to the cave sanctuaries of the old stone age. And when it wells up again, first in the imagination, matter itself will be transmuted.

A Balance of Contradictions

Anarchy is the struggle for and celebration of the commons. It is not bound by property. Only a (non-)space of no limitations is able to satisfy it. And let us not be limited either by rigid categories. There is a plurality of anarchisms. Neither communist, nor individualist, nor both, nor neither. Robert Anton Wilson, asall collectives are composed of unique individuals. Again, only through the particular is glimpsed the universal. There is no final stage in history, no ultimate ground upon which we all, humanity in general, will behold eternity. The difference, then, between Proudhon and Marx is essentially metaphysical.

James Billington, in his compelling history of radicalism, Fire in the Minds of Men, argues that the key split between Proudhon and Marx can be traced back to their diverging takes on the philosophy of Hegel.

Their different views of history were evidenced in the contrastinguses they made of Hegel's thought. Broadly stated, Marx turned Hegelupside down, making his theory materialistic rather than idealistic;but he maintained the basic Hegelian view that reality was monistic andthat history was moving necessarily and dialectically toward therealization of


sense, was not a new movement. It was a return to a a poetic understanding of life based on the primacy of the imagination. The only disagreement within the Romantic movement was whether, as Blake taught, nature was merely a facet of the imagination or, following Wordsworth, the imagination and nature perfectly mirrored one another. All Romantics, however, and all genuine poets of all countries and ages, are in agreement on the oppressive limitations of scientific materialism.

An anecdote of John Keats and William Wordsworth wonderfully reveals this critical spirit. The two poets were at dinner together, and Keats proposed a toast:

Confusion to the memory of Newton!

To Wordsworth's questioning of the reason for this toast, Keats replied that Newton "destroyed the poetry of the rainbow by reducing it togatekeepers who bar the doors to eternity are about to be swept aside, bypassed, ignored. The state and the big banks are the final middlemen to fall.

Direct democracy is now fully possible and is becoming a reality in places like Iceland and the central squares and parks of cities across Europe and America. Bitcoin ushers in a new era of P2P banking -- not the solution but a start, a Napster of peer financing. Even Bitcoin is already obsolete, needlessly centralized, too easy to manipulate. It is now but one of numerous cyptocurrencies. A few like Freicoin are modeled after one of Pound's heroes', the German anarchist Silvio Gesell's, ideas of an alternative currency based on demurrage. Gesell's conviction was that a currency, like any other commodity, should


a transformational shift in their leadership and management skills. Individuals from any organization at any level willing to accept the challenge to lead. Ticket Includes The Leadership Challenge Participant's Package: a Participant Workbook, Values Cards, TLC Card, The Leadership Challenge (5th Edition) book, and Development Planner. The Leadership Practices Inventory Online 360 Assessment: includes LPI Self and unlimited LPI Observers (direct reports, manager, co-workers, etc.). Participants receive confidential feedback relating to the frequency of their use of The Five Practices. Other standard program materials and takeaways. Light breakfast, lunch and refreshments. Experiential activities (indoor) One day of and Adventure Challenge Ropes Course: An in-depth progression of several low element team challenges, and multiple high element team challenges providing exceptional team building, trust, adn problem solving experiences. A trulyplus overdrive (on 3rd and 4th) gearbox.

Disc brakes at the front, drums at the rear

Most "cognoscenti" would no doubt confirm that the TR6 could be considered to represent the zenith of the marque's development, a "proper" British sports car in all respects. Designed by Karman of Germany, utilising the TR4 / 5's doors and inner tub to keep costs down, but with completely revamped front and rear outer body sections, gave the instantly recognisable and very masculine "classic" profile which has matured so well over the years.

TR7 (1974 - 1981)

The car built by British Leyland as the successor to the mighty TR6, with an overwhelming focus on the then perceived requirements of the all important mid-70's US market. The 7' was designed in-house (Triumph by this time having


been absorbed into the British Leyland conglomerate) by Harris Mann (probably after having consumed too much cheese one night) with the "Wedge" being touted as British Leyland's "shape of things to come" which I suppose it was in various other forms.

The 7's design was a complete departure from all that had gone before, utilising modern unitary (or monocoque) construction and;

McPherson strut front suspension

Live rear axle and trailing arm rear suspension arrangement.

105bhp single overhead cam, twin carb'd 4 cylinder engine with cast iron block and aluminium head (the "slant 4" as sold to Saab for use in their 99 model)

5 speed gearbox (launched with a problematic 4 speed)

Disc front brakes, drum rears.

The 7's most important departure from the tried and trusted TR formula though, was that it was notissue when living in Brisbane however.

Comfort is the TR7's ace card in this contest, with the level offered by the "modern" 7' in terms of overall interior space, seat design and general ergonomics being much improved on that offered by the "classic" 6, making longer trips that much easier to bear in the 7'.

The 6's interior (almost as supplied by BL in 1972). As traditional as a Chippendale chair (and just about as comfortable).

(Motolita steering wheel being the only none original fixture here)

The aerodynamics of the 7 also ensure a much smoother "topless" ride than in the "sit up and beg" 6, who's upright windscreen generates a considerable amount of turbulence for both driver and passenger alike at even fairly moderate speeds.

The 7's acutely raked wind cheating screen


from disclosure, but at the same time prevent a corporate official from defending himself/herself personally based on the advice received if the company refuses to waive privilege.

Judge Sorokin ruled it was the company’s privilege to waive, which the company refused to do. The SEC investigation commenced while the CEO was still employed by the company and he was on notice of his potential personal exposure. The court found that both as a CEO and sophisticated businessman, he understood that the company, not he personally, held the attorney-client privilege, and at the time he was CEO, he was in a position to either waive the privilege or obtain in his personal capacity the right to waive the privilege in the future, which he chose not to do. These circumstancesJack Marcellus Sr. is the founder and Chief Operating Officer of The Focus Academy learning center in Moorestown, NJ. Jack trained directly under internationally renowned behavioral psychologist, Dr. Robert Meeker where he earned his advanced Structure of Intellect trainer’s certificate.

Previously Jack served as VP of The Publishing Group managing a sales staff for several niche newspapers in south jersey and growing circulation and sales revenues. A few of those newspaper titles included-SportsLine, Sports Club, Diamond Report, Inside Evesham-Mt. Laurel, Moorestown, Medford, Cherry Hill, Haddonfield and Voorhees. Those expansions created a jump in circulation from a modest run of 5,000 to 118,000 direct mail to every home and business. That group was sold and later emerged as South Jersey Magazine.

Mr. Marcellus also enjoyed a stint with the Dale Carnegie


embezzled two types of payments:  payments due the United States Reclamation Service for the irrigation of Indian lands, and payments for rentals of Indian lands, which the United States was to receive, hold temporarily, and ultimately disburse to the Indians.  The court said, "The funds received as irrigation charges were obviously the property of the United States.  The rentals, likewise, were received and held by the United States as guardian and trustee for its Indian wards.  There is no doubt that the charges laid and proved were within the provisions of the statutes mentioned."
We read Loewe as holding that the rental payments as well as the irrigation charges were property of the United States.  Although the first sentence quoted may give rise topoints) should be no surprise this month, as January marked the 18th warmest one on record in 123 years in the contiguous US.

Chevrolet Dealers and Ford Dealers, which each rose 11 spots and 9 spots respectively, experienced growth in foot traffic as January is tagged a favorable month to buy the most recent models of cars–sales are typically slow, and manufactures increase the price tag as the year goes on.

In terms of the biggest hits in rankings this month, the 25 businesses that experienced the largest drop in rankings all spanned the Retail category, a predictable trend given the end of the holiday shopping season. Retail businesses that declined the least in January 2017 rankings include The Home Depot, Dollar Tree, and the UPS Store, which each only


Title (Max 100 Characters)

Haines City, Florida -- Three men have been arrested for making, selling and distributing illegal moonshine in Polk County.

On Thursday, August 15, Polk County deputies served search warrants of three homes, all containing moonshine.

According to reports, the home on Carter Road, where Joe Aaron was arrested, contained the actual moonshine still and equipment. The still was located in bathroom and the moonshine appears to have been distilled from a mixture of grains.

Rickey Barnes of Carl Boozer Road and Jacob Mayes of Uncle Pete Road were also arrested as a variety of moonshine was found in their respective homes. Both homes contained numerous jars and jugs of moonshine in flavors including pineapple, apple pie and peach.COLD WAR AND INSURGENCY PROPAGANDA BANKNOTES

SGM Herbert A. Friedman (Ret.)

Note: Portions of this article were previously published in the Whitman Numismatic Journal, July 1967 and September 1967, and the International Banknote Society Journal, Volume 24, Number 1, 1985 and Volume 30, Number 1, 1999. Some illustrations from this article were used by The Centre Pompidou (Paris) for the autumn 2015 issue of "Les Cahiers du Muse national dart modern." The origin of the term "Cold War" is usually attributed to Bernard Baruch, advisor to many American presidents during the turbulent post-war years. There is no single definition of this term, but we understand it to be a state of continual diplomatic adversity where the great philosophies of the East and West contend on every level except for the


actual field of battle. Bloodless skirmishes are fought between bickering politicians and mighty nations. Espionage and propaganda campaigns and coups abound. Information and disinformation is disseminated through every type of media, and even the slightest advantage is considered a major victory in the attempt to win prestige, territory and power through the use of the spoken and written word. Propaganda becomes extremely important at a time when there is no actual combat by arms. It allows one side to attack the philosophy and beliefs of another, usually at no risk of escalation. For this reason, many millions of leaflets were prepared and disseminated on both sides of the "Iron Curtain", that imaginary wall that divides Europe into East and West and was first mentioned by Winston Churchill inhis Westminster College speech of 5 March 1946. He said in part: From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. As in many propaganda battles whether political or revolutionary, leaflets in the form of banknotes were produced by both sides. Propaganda leaflets may be avoided by


patriotic or frightened citizens of a target country, but anyone will pick up a banknote on the street. That has always been the perfect way to pass insidious propaganda to an unwary reader. The Americans, British, Germans and Russians all used this technique in WWII. Half a decade later in the Korean War the United States once again prepared banknote leaflets. It was just a matter of time before they appeared again during Cold War psychological operations and in revolutionary conflicts where one side sought independence from another. The only difference was that the banknotes prepared during the shooting wars were government projects and it was understood that they were authorized by the military. The Cold War and insurgency notes for the most part were prepared by civiliana 10,000 francs Bank of Algeria and Tunisia note of 28 January 1958. The front of the note looks very much like a real banknote and the French placed the message "This note has no commercial value" on it to make sure it was not used as counterfeit currency. The note had a safe conduct pass on the back showing a photograph of a French soldier accepting a rifle from a smiling guerrilla and his comrade who are being paid cash. The text on back is in French and Arabic, and says in French: Soldier: rally to us!

Present yourself to a citizen. He will drive you to a French post. You will divide the reward while receiving a 10,000 francs banknote. The Arabic-language text is poorly readable and


at about a grade-school level. It is: Soldier, give yourself up!

Come forward to the one who will take you to the French and you will receive a reward of 10,000 francs.

The French Army and the French citizens living in Algeria refused to admit defeat and attempted to carry on the fight. The Algerian OAS "Secret Army Organization" produced parodies of the French Banque de France notes of about 1960. The parodies have a tab on the left bearing the large initials "O A S" and French text "Reembourse par le Tresor" ("Payable by the treasury"). The backs have a large "O A S" at left, and at right a portrait and signature of French General Raoul Salan, head of the Secret Army Organization. Salan led an unsuccessful putschin April 1961, aimed at preserving French rule in Algeria. After the failure of the putsch, Salan founded the terrorist OAS, which fought against Algerian independence. The French captured Salan in 1962, and he spent 20 years in prison. The notes I have seen are a parody of the 50 new francs on 5000 francs note of about 1960. This parody dates from 1961 or 1962. The second is a parody of the 100 new francs note of 12 January 1960 with blue ink on white paper. The French-language text is: The Secret Army is not a political faction but a genuine Army which aims at the mobilization of the French people in order to protect the fundamental liberties, the social justice and also the integrity and the


preservation of the national territory. Signed SALAN The money given by the bearer of this voucher is under control and responsibility of the Secret Army. It will be reimbursed by the OAS Treasury.

AUSTRIA The Communist Party in Austria prepared two parodies of the 100 schilling Oesterreichische Nationalbank note of 1949. The parodies are identical on the front, but differ on the back in both message and format. One has the propaganda message horizontally while the other has it vertically. These leaflets, dated 22 February 1953, were produced by the Wahlgemeinschaft Oesterreichische Volksopposition (People's Opposition). The Communists had called themselves Linksblock (Left-wing bloc) during the 1949 elections, but changed their name to the more acceptable "People's Opposition" during the 1953 elections. No matter what the name, the Austrian peopleshowed little interest, giving the Communists just 4 of 165 seats in their Nationalrat (Parliament). As in all the leftist productions, the propaganda banknote message attacks the inflation allegedly brought on by the party in power. On the front of the both notes we see an angel thumbing his nose at a two-faced caricature representing the ruling politicians. On the back of the note with the horizontal message we find: For 100 schillings you could buy: Beneath this title are listed a number of products with the amount you could have bought in 1949 and the amount you could purchase in the winter of 1952/53. Like the rest of the world, Austria suffered through a period of inflation in the early 50's. Some of the items shown are


and the Communist Party was only able to generate 15,000 additional votes, rising from 213,000 to 228,000. It seems that it takes more than a fancy propaganda banknote to convince the voter that a major change is needed. The Austrian Communist Party also produced a parody of the 100 shillings Oesterreichische Nationalbank note of 1960. The note was printed with the appearances of a corner torn off on both the front and back and in the space we find the German language message in red "Who has torn off a piece here?" The note has been folded and when opened reveals the following messages: A stitch in time saves nine. That is an old proverb. In 1958 someone had 10,000 schillings in the bank. But since then, asthe OVP and SPO Parties have to admit, 1500 shillings have been eaten away through cost of living increases. Since 1958 the value of the schilling has been eaten away by fifteen percent. The reduction in value of the schilling has been greater than the increase in capital by interest. The devaluation of the schilling particularly affects the working people. The economic miracle children do not invest their money in savings. Their puppet schillings have been increased through profiteering during this inflation. The value of their shares has multiplied. They are the beneficiaries of this cost increase. Schilling Elections? Yes, but you must vote against people whose politics increased the prices of everything and reduced the size of the schilling." The Communist Party of Austria. The propaganda message


on the inside second page is: Schilling elections. The many schillings which one sees on today's poster boards are something that should be in one's pocket. Just before the elections, the OVP and SPO parties suddenly discovered their concern for the schilling. At night, the lazy become diligent. For years the inflation has reduced the value of salaries and pensions. During the last year this increase has been particularly large. The SPO blames the OVP and the OVP blames the SPO for the increase in prices, but did they not govern together? Were not all decisions of the government and parliament made unanimously? Both government parties are jointly responsible for the price increases. He who wants to fight against inflation votes Communist and Left Wing Socialist. The politicalparties that are being attacked in this propaganda banknote are the two that ruled Austria for twenty years after the war. The "OVP" is the Osterreichische Volkpartei (Austrian People's Party) and the "SPO" is the Sozialistische Partei Osterreichs (Austrian Socialist Party). The Austrian Communist Party Kommunistische Partei Osterreichs or (KPO) never had any real following. They were able to win five seats in Parliament in 1949, but by 1959 they had no representation in the government. The Austrian Press and Information Service located in New York City was kind enough to explain that during October 21 and 22 1960, negotiations for the 1961 budget broke down. It was another week before the Austrian political parties could agree on expenses.

CANADA Independent-minded French citizens in the province of Quebec have


clamored to be separated from the rest of Canada for many years. They have fought both politically and in some cases, with terrorism. Two parody banknotes are known to be connected with these movements, although that connection is not always clear. The first banknote would appear to be a Front de Liberation de Quebec (FLQ) terrorist note, inscribed "Une piastre / Banque de la Republique du Quebec", greenish-black, with various French patriotic symbols. A marching mob with independence placards are depicted on the back. In fact, the notes were prepared in the late 1960s by the Chevaliers de Independence, a small organization of rioters depicted on the back of the note. It was apparently designed for publicity and fund-raising, and the marcher at the head of the mobis Reggie Chartrand, their leader. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police captured and destroyed the main hoard of notes after the October 1970 crisis that saw the kidnapping and death of Quebec labor minister Pierre LaPorte and the kidnapping of British trade commissioner James Cross. The FLQ was formed about 1963 as a cellular terrorist organization with Cuban trainers. On the night of 15 October 1970 The Canadian government declared martial law in Montreal. The military searches turned up weapons, explosives and propaganda leaflets printed in China and Cuba. A second banknote parody is a Canadian "FLQ" terrorist note, black on green, inscribed "Une piastre" and "Bastille 1789/Quebec 19??." The leaflet was issued by the Front for the Liberation of Quebec. The front and back are similar, with a


proposed French Canadian flag as a central emblem on one side, and an FLQ badge as the central emblem on the other side. A nine-paragraph publicity flyer was released along with the propaganda banknote. Some of the text is: The storming of the Bastille in 1789 is symbolic of French liberty and the hope of gaining the same freedom in 19?? for themselves. The outline heavy black line signifies the intention of the French Canadians to establish a republic wall around Quebec but leaving the corners open to trade and commerce and diplomatic relations with the rest of the Canadian republic and the rest of the world. The inner black lines protected by the F.L.Q. represent the inner walls of the sanctuary which will protect the culture, languageand religion of the French Canadian people. In other words the wish to revive the American spirit of 1776 and the French spirit of 1789 in order to show the way of independence and the forming of the republic of Canada to its sister provinces. Some Canadian genuine banknotes have been overprinted with a rubber stamp inscription "Nous voulons le Quebec Libre," ("We want a free Quebec"). Notes from the anti-Quebec Liberation movement also exist. Some stress the economic repercussion that would occur if "liberation" were achieved. One banknote resembles the Canadian one dollar bill but pictures Parti Quebecois leader Renee Levesque at the right and the words "The price of the separation" at the left in French. About one-third of the left of the note is blank,


implying the loss of purchasing power of the banknote. There are two such notes, one depicting a portrait of Levesque issued in Sherbrooke in late 1970, the other issued by the Liberal Party in Lafleche about the same time. CUBA I hesitate to mention these banknotes as part of a Cold War operation because they were allegedly to be used in the Bay of Pigs invasion. However, one would assume that the notes were printed well before the invasion and because they were such good imitations were probably used before and after the invasion in an attempt to harm the Cuban economy. It is alleged that the United States CIA forged Cuban 20 pesos Banco Nacional de Cuba notes of 1961 for the Bay of Pigs invasion. AccordingBay of Pigs, Peter Wyden, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979. Wyden says: When two million worth of pesos came ashore in four jute sacks that had gotten wet, the sacks were leaking blue, red, and green liquid, but the underground workers were only mildly annoyed. They knew that the CIA was sending them counterfeit money; that the printing and the paper were excellent but the ink was so unreliable you could usually wipe it off with saliva. The counterfeit money, tens and twenties, was used by middlemen who bought expensive items such as cars from people they hoped never to see again. The currency supplied to the infiltrators for their own use was authentic; at least the ink did not run. The forgeries are rather easy to


from the formerly classified CIA's own Inspector's General Survey of the Cuban Operation. Some of the comments are: A psychological warfare campaign had been carried out by radio stations prepared especially for that purpose. One of them had gone on the air eleven months earlier: Radio Swan (Radio Free Cuba), which came in clearly, powerfully, and with a triumphal tone. Swan Island was a small island in the Gulf of Honduras. The American command post was set up in a Washington DC building known as Quarters Eye. Propaganda plans were drawn up for psychologically softening up the Cuban people... This was the source of pamphlets dropped over the island... Cuba did not have sufficient or adequate radar equipment... several small planes in the Florida Keys dropped hundreds ofthousands of pamphlets urging people to carry out sabotage, set fire to sugar cane fields and to attack militia members. In Happy Valley, Nicaragua, the operations base for Brigade 2506, 11 million brochures were ready to be dropped over Cuban territory... By the time of the invasion, a total of 12 million pounds of leaflets had been dropped on Cuba. The CIA estimates for the cost of propaganda operations was $500,000 in fiscal year 1960 and $1,200,000 in fiscal year 1961. Usually, when one nation counterfeits the currency of another nation, it attempts to keep that act secret. Here, the United States seems to almost be saying to the Cubans "we did it," and thumbing its nose at them. This is a U.S. Army Special Forces training war


along with the fake banknotes. This Miami Herald staff photograph taken by Bill Kuenzel depicts a number of anti-Castro sabotage and propaganda leaflets washed up on Miami Beach on 26 July, 1963. One of the leaflets depicts two ways to sabotage a telephone and text. Many of the leaflets end with "Sabotage is necessary for liberty" and "Russians: out of Cuba." Another depicts cogs in machine and an oil can and asks Cuban workers to sabotage production by breaking machinery and not oiling it. A third propaganda leaflet depicts an automobile motor and radiator. It tells the Cubans: If it is necessary to damage official vehicles or those confiscated from businesses. Zero oil to the motor. Zero water to the radiator. A fourth leaflet depicts a hand droppinga lit match into flammable materials and tells the Cubans: It causes fires...Drop matches or cigars where there are rags, straw, wood, paper and fuel. We know a good deal about the propaganda missions over Cuba from the CIA Official History of the Bay of Pigs Operation. Documents on air operations show that in late November 1960, a major air strike was planned for B-26's bombers carrying both ordnance and leaflets against unspecified targets in Cuba. Two other B-26s flew a propaganda drop on 12 December 1960. They worked the western end of Cuba, from the Isle of Pines to Cienfuegos, including Havana; and on the same night, a C-54 cargo aircraft dropped leaflets in the Manzanillo area. The total leaflets dropped during the three December 1960 missions


by the B26s were 1,700 pounds and 1000 pounds of leaflets. The C-54 dropped 1,000 pounds of leaflets. It appears that the limited aircraft assigned to the invasion were unable to drop all the leaflets that had been printed. On 15 February 1961, 75,000 leaflets asking teachers to support a student strike were available from Miami for an upcoming drop and that 100 pounds of materials bearing the "fish symbol" were also ready for use in a drop aimed at Villanueva University in Havana. On 18 February, a cable stated that there were approximately 18,000 pounds of leaflets in a warehouse ready for pickup. In all, there were 23 leaflet drops between 12 December 1960 and the collapse of the Bay of Pigs Operation. About 12 million leafletsthe Cuban flag with the words Sin Palabras, "Without word." The stickers were never used. The United States prepared a leaflet in the form of a 5 peso note as it prepared to drive the Cubans and Marxist government out of Grenada. The Grenada story began on 13 March 1979 when Maurice Bishop overthrew the legitimate government and established a communist society. The New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation (New Jewel Movement) ousted Sir Eric Gairy, Grenada's first Prime Minister, and established a people's revolutionary government. Grenada began construction of a 10,000 foot international airport with the help of Cuba. There was speculation that this airfield could be used to land military fighters and transports, threatening South America and the southern United States. President Ronald Reagan


accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet and Cuban military build-up in the Caribbean. There was also worry about the large number of weapons flowing into Grenada. One shipment in 1979 contained 3400 rifles and 3 million rounds of ammunition. In addition, there were about 600 American medical students studying in Grenada and another 400 foreign citizens. The safety of these Americans became a factor when Maurice Bishop and several members of his cabinet were murdered by elements of the people's revolutionary army on 13 October 1983. The even more reactionary and violent Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard who led a Marxist-influenced group within the Grenadian Army replaced Bishop. President Reagan called the leaders of the new government "A brutal group of leftist thugs." The UnitedStates reacted to the bloody coup in Grenada within two weeks. On 25 October 1983 American troops landed on the beaches of Grenada. They were assisted in part by members of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), specifically Barbados, Jamaica, Antigua, Dominica, St Lucia and St Vincent. They were opposed by Grenadian and Cuban military units and military advisors from the Soviet Union, North Korea, East Germany, Bulgaria, and Libya. The propaganda banknote was depicted in the book Grenada - Revolution, Invasion and Aftermath, Hugh O'Shaughnessy, Sphere Books, London, 1984. He describes it as: Safe conduct pass in the form of a Cuban 5 peso banknote bearing the picture of Antonio Maceo, black hero of Cuban independence (Authors note: Antonio Maceo y Grajales, 1845-1896). Distributed by U.S.


himself in. Variations of this banknote leaflet were used in at least a half-dozen other war games. CZECHOSLOVAKIA Note: Some of the Operation Prospero material in this article was used, with author's permission, in the Brian Kannard book Steinbeck: Citizen Spy, Grave Distractions Publications, Nashville, TN, 2013. The first such propaganda banknote we will discuss is a parody of the Czechoslovak State Bank one Koruna of 1953. This story began in June, 1953 when the Czech Government launched a major currency reform. Western experts believed that many thousands of workers and farmers would have their life savings wiped out as a result of this massive currency change. This was considered an excellent opportunity for an anti-Communist campaign by the West and the Crusade for Europe organization, in conjunctionwith Radio Free Europe, designed a leaflet and radio attack to take advantage of the situation. The leaflets were ordered by Free Europe Press, a division of the Free Europe Committee and prepared by Reynolds Offset, a New York City print shop, in sheets of 40 (8 across and 5 down). Ken Graeber was the printer. He said: The two men who brought it into the plant made any number of cryptic remarks about its secrecy. We would be reading about it soon they said, and there were remarks about "balloons." I do not recall how many we printed but it was not one of our larger jobs... perhaps less than three days run on the press. This project was explained in a small booklet entitled A New


Weapon, published by the Free Europe Press. The operation was named "Prospero." It would involve the sending of 6,512 balloons and saturation broadcasts at the rate of twenty hours a day from the RFE transmitters located at Holz-kirchen, West Germany. This was a hurriedly prepared tactical exercise prompted by the riots in Prague, Pilsen, and Ostrava brought on by the drastic Czechoslovak currency reforms that effectively wiped out the savings of the population. The operation was closely coordinated with radio broadcasts by RFE's "Voice of Free Czechoslovakia." Allan A. Michie talks about the start of the balloon campaign in Voices through the Iron Curtain: the Radio Free Europe Story, Dodd/Mead, 1963: In the summer of 1951, the free Europe Committee acquired a stock of large weather balloons, aboutfour feet in diameter when inflated, and decided to launch them from Germany across to Czechoslovakia, taking advantage of the prevailing west to east winds in the upper attitudes. Working at night from a wheat field only three miles from the Czechoslovak frontier, a crew of German workers stuffed the balloons with leaflets, inflated them with hydrogen and sailed them across the border. Each balloon carried some 3,000 leaflets. Richard H. Cummings tells us more about the balloons in his article, "Balloons over East Europe: America's Covert radio and Leaflet Operations in the Cold War." He says that in 1948, under the code name "Project Ultimate," the CIA's Special Procedures Group (SPG) had a printing press and stockpile of world war two meteorological balloons to carry and deliver


propaganda leaflets into East European countries in the event of war. He continues: The first balloons were launched on 12 August 1951 in an open field only 3 miles from the Czechoslovak border. This test operation, known as the "Winds of Freedom," was on an experimental stand-alone basis, i.e., the launching of the balloons was not part of a coordinated programming effort with Radio Free Europe broadcasts. The Free Europe Press (FEP) printed up millions of propaganda leaflets to be launched. The leaflets contained such slogans as "A new hope is stirring," and "Friends of Freedom in other lands have found a new way to reach you." Cummings mentions the campaign again in the book Cold War Radio: the Dangerous History of American Broadcasting in Europe 1950-1989, McFarland& Company, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, 2009. He says in part: Prospero was the code name for the RFE balloon program in summer 1953, when in a time span of only four days, 6.5000 balloons with over 12 million RFE leaflets were launched into Czechoslovakia... The regime responded to Prospero by using military aircraft and anti-aircraft weapons along the border to shoot down the balloons the day after the first launching... Police cars in Prague and elsewhere used loudspeakers ordering citizens to turn in all the leaflets... Because of the violent reaction and the media attacks, RFE inadvertently discovered that the balloon program was more successful than first planned. Arch Puddington mentions the balloon campaign in Broadcasting Freedom, University Press of Kentucky, 2000. Puddington says: A major


goal of the balloon campaign was to provide the Radio Free Europe audience with something approximating a free press. In addition...the Free Europe Press produced small newspapers in editions of two million, which were dropped more or less regularly to Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia between 1954 and 1956. The Free Europe Press eventually built at least three launch sites in Bavaria and near the West German-Austria border...the annual cost of maintaining one launch site was nearly $500,000.

On the nights of 13 through 17 July 1953, over twelve million leaflets were sent from the German-Czech border by 6,500 balloon. There were three different types of leaflets, including a propaganda banknote produced by RFE similar to the original banknote in size and color, but with the addition of a messageblock with text at the upper right on the front and at the upper left on the back of the note. The message was translated in the article "West Wind over Prague," published in News From Behind the Iron Curtain, August 1953: MEN CALL THIS THE HUNGER CROWN - GIFT OF THE SOVIET UNION It is the proof of the government's helplessness and bankruptcy of the five-year plan, a remembrance of what you have had stolen by the government. It is the appeal to fight, the appeal to direct the people's power against the weakness of the regime and to resist as best you can. The peoples of other countries enslaved by the Soviet Union are writing and will join you in your struggle. The free world is


with you. All power belongs to the people! On the other side of the parody banknote the text is: CZECHS AND SLOVAKS The regime is weakening and is afraid of you. The power is in the people and the people are against the regime. Unite and mobilize your forces! Down with the collective farms! Insist on the rights of the workers! Today demand concessions, tomorrow freedom! At the same time, anti-Soviet messages were broadcast by the propaganda radio stations: The Soviet Union is growing weaker. Only those will survive who detach themselves from the Communist boat in time... Everywhere in the Free World your friends are with you...All power to the people. On Prospero's final night lighted lanterns were attached to the balloons for dramatic effect. The second"leaflet" was in the form of an aluminum 25 Heller coin stamped with the Freedom Bell and the text: All Czechs and Slovaks for Freedom. All the Free World for the Czechs and Slovaks. Arch Puddington mentions the origin of the Freedom bell: Some four hundred thousand Germans lined the streets of West Berlin on October 24, 1950, to cheer General Lucius Clay, the hero of the Berlin Airlift and the figure who symbolized the Free World alliance of the United States and Europe...And there was the bell itself: eight feet high, weighing more than 10 tons, it was essentially a replica of the original Liberty Bell in Philadelphia's Liberty Hall... The bell was sponsored, and it was assumed, paid for by a new organization called the Crusade


for Freedom...Clay then pressed the button that would ring the bell. Its deep peels could be heard in the Soviet sector of the city, ten miles away. The third leaflet was a one-page sheet with pictures of the Berlin uprising and a description of the ferment inside the USSR, including the purge of Beria. At the same time that the balloons were floating overhead, RFE was playing a song specially written for the occasion, "The Iron Curtain Does Not Reach the Sky". The radio advised finders of the leaflets to hand a small percentage over to the police to protect themselves and pass the rest on to friends and neighbors. On 18 July, Rude Pravo, official organ of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, published a lengthy article attacking thiscross the border with forged papers. When questioned, he explained that he had been ordered to burn the balloon launching site at Tirschenreuth. When asked why he carried a weapon, he replied that his orders were to kill anyone who tried to stop him.

The Communist military forces were also involved in an attempt to stop the spread of the Western propaganda. On 15 July 1953, Russian-built MiG-15 jet fighters attacked the airborne balloons and were credited with two "kills." It was reported that anti-aircraft batteries downed three more. According to an article entitled "Balloons and the Big Lie", published in East Europe, July, 1958, the Czechs also attempted to keep the propaganda out of the hands of their citizens by claiming that the balloons were dangerous, carried explosives,


germs and incendiary devices. When a Czechoslovak Airlines passenger plane crashed on 18 January 1956, killing twenty-two passengers and crew, they claimed that the aircraft had been brought down by a Free Europe Press propaganda balloon. The United States refuted this claim, stating that the aircraft was flying in an area of poor visibility with high wind velocities and icing conditions. The US explanation was that the pilot was attempting to find a landing site other than Poprad Airfield in the High Tatra Mountains and while flying in extremely high winds, dependent on instruments, had crashed into a hill due to faulty altimeter settings. There is no way to determine what, if any, results were achieved by this psychological warfare operation. In 1956 a count was made ofall the references to balloons and leaflets in the Communist press. It was found that the Czechs had complained about these propaganda campaigns no less than 487 times. There were 1,303 complaints in the entire Communist bloc during the months of January and February 1956 alone. The United States may not have changed many minds, but if nothing else, it seems to have cut heavily into their supply of printer's ink.

GERMANY There were other interesting psywar operations being carried out in 1953. The East Germans had risen up and attempted to throw out their Russian masters. This revolt had been brutally put down. Once again, this was seen as an opportunity to strike at the Communist system. The West Berlin printing house Standard Verlag produced a fine parody


of the German Democratic Republic 20 Mark note of 1948. This printing firm was alleged to have been connected with Radio Free Europe. It produced a number of anti-Communist publications such as magazines, newspapers and leaflets. Probably the best known publication was the satirical magazine Tarantel, an eight‑page satirical periodical in printed Berlin and sent by balloon into East Germany. It regularly attacked Russian control of the German Democratic Republic. They also published an English-language newsletter entitled International Press Service. Much of this material was sent into Germany through the Radio Free Europe balloons, the postal system, small rockets and, in some cases, simply throwing the literature out of the windows of trains moving through Germany. Time mentioned Tarantel in an article entitled "Armed with a Snicker," 12January 1959. It said in part: Tied to a balloon or bobbing down a canal in a bottle, the little magazine slips each month into Communist East Germany from the Western zone of Berlin. The cover of the contraband Tarantel (tarantula) proclaims that it is "priceless," but for East Germans caught chuckling over the magazine's sledgehammer humor, the price can be a term in a Red prison. Despite its problems of distribution and retribution, Tarantel is a big success among East Germans. Reason: the butt of humor for Tarantel is East Germany's Communist government. Each month about half of Tarantel's press run of 250,000-300,000 goes to West Berliners; the rest is slipped into East Germany. Tarantel is designed for hidden persuasion: the size of a theater program, it


in such a way that no text can be seen. The advantage of this system is that even the most diehard Communist who might never look at Western propaganda would be tempted to pick up this banknote. Once it was in his hands, it was hoped that he could not resist reading the message. And what was the message? It was an attack on the Russian control of the Currency of the German Democratic Republic. The text on the front stated: Comrades! All money circulated begins and ends in Moscow. There go our notes of protest, and also there go our banknotes. We have to take leave of them as soon as we hear their sound in our pay envelope. The government stores ask more money than aanti-Soviet propaganda. The Narodno Trudovoy Soyuz Rossiyskikh Solidaristov (Popular Labor Alliance of Russian Solidarists) is a non-Communist, Russian political organization founded in Belgrade in 1930 to offer a democratic alternative to the Soviet Communist Party. This organization, known as the "NTS," is probably the most feared of the patriotic movements that fought against the USSR. For forty years they produced leaflet and radio propaganda. They sent numerous agents behind the Iron Curtain. The initials, besides standing for the organization, are also used for two patriotic slogans Nesem tiranam smert (We are bringing death to tyrants) and Nesem trudiashimsia svobodu (We are bringing liberty to the workers). The background of this group is told in a booklet NTS, published by Possev-Verlag in 1961. It explains that the NTS is


a revolutionary movement, with the ultimate goal of overthrowing the Soviet regime. In 1953, a special instruction to the Soviet Secret Service signed by the Minister of State Security, called the NTS: Enemy Number One of the Soviet Union Possev-Verlag (The Sowing - Printing House) was first established by the NTS in 1945 at the Moenchehof Displaced Persons Camp. After several moves caused by Communist verbal and physical attacks, it was permanently quartered in the suburbs of Frankfurt, West Germany. The printing presses produced over 100 million copies of various types of literature and sent them to Russia and other East European countries since 1945. This literature was inserted between the goods in crates destined for the USSR, thrown in waterproof containers into rivers flowing across the border,mailed to known addresses, carried by agents crossing the Iron Curtain secretly and flown over in balloons.

Suppress the power of the Communists! Have you found your place in the revolutionary struggle for freedom in Russia? Things which are worth living for are worth dying for. Arise, all you who are strong in spirit - your motherland awaits you. The Soviets hated the organization. In 1957, the newspaper Literaturnaya Gazeta wrote: In March 1953, the NTS printed 14 million leaflets and dispatched them by balloon from the German Federal Republic in an easterly direction. It has been ascertained that the NTS sends not only leaflets, but also secret agents into the countries of Eastern Europe... Sovetskaya Moldavia said in 1960: Any means are legitimate to the NTS in their


work of spreading anti-Soviet forgeries throughout the country. Pamphlets, leaflets, calumnious letters are sent to such addresses as they succeed in obtaining; these are slipped into parcels of books, in folders, into the packing of machinery imported from abroad. The balloons, over 20 meters in diameter, could lift a maximum payload of 90 kilograms. A special mechanism insured the successive release of printed material every 400-500 kilometers. By the use of these and smaller meteorological balloons, NTS flew 86,867,000 leaflets into the USSR between 1951 and 1956. In particular, innumerable leaflets, small brochures and special editions were printed during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Berlin Uprising of 1953. In regard to the latter, we quote from The House of Secrets, Gordon Young, Duell Sloan and Pearce,NY, 1959: Inhabitants of various towns in East Germany from time to time have been astonished to find lying on pavements, in parks, on barroom floors and elsewhere realistic-looking twenty-mark banknotes. Eagerly they have picked them up - only to find that on the back side was printed an appeal by the NTS and the request that the well-counterfeited notes should be passed on to some Russian friend. Puddington mentions the NTS in Broadcasting Freedom: In the mid-fifties, the countries of Communist Eastern Europe were inundated with balloon leaflets sponsored by a variety of sources. The CIA had its own balloon project. So did the shadowy anti-Soviet Narodny Trudovoi Soyuz, the National Labor Union...The NTS boasted a global network of agents and a core of devoted supporters within


the Soviet Union who championed an ideology of anticommunism and Russian nationalism. The NTS tried to reach the Soviet Union by launching their balloons from West Berlin. The NTS propaganda banknote is a close match to the genuine German Democratic Republic 20 Mark of 1948. The colors are a bit more somber, being a duller, darker brown with none of the bright highlights found on the original. The paper of the parody is also darker with a brownish tinge. The genuine is printed on a bright, white paper. The serial number of the propaganda note is in "XV 471200" in brown, while the genuine notes have their serial number in red. Generally speaking, even with the differences in shade, the notes could easily be confused, since the NTSproduct was prepared photographically from the original and certainly has the appearance of currency at first glance.

There are two types of NTS 20 Mark propaganda notes known at present. One has the Russian title Dorogie Drovzia (Dear Friends), the other Soldati I Ofitsieri (Soldiers and officers). Both have a second propaganda message in German which has the heading Deutsche Freude (German friends). Both notes are sometimes found with a Cyrillic overprint in red which translates to "specimen." The Russian language message of the Soldati I Ofitsieri leaflet is: Soldiers and Officers! On the 17th of June 1953, the workers of Berlin rose in protest. They rose against the Communist regime. In two days the uprising covered the entire zone. In panic, the government sent out tanks against the


workers. Heeding the call of the NTS, the tankers refused to shoot the revolutionists. We understand the plight of the Germans. They were waiting for us to come to their rescue and help them get back their Fatherland. The attempted uprising of the 17th of June was not in vain. At this moment, in the Eastern Zone, there is again a stormy situation. A general uprising is liable to break out at any moment. It is our duty to support them. Don't shoot into the revolutionists! Join with them in their struggle against the common enemy - the Communist regime. The union of the German fighters and our own soldiers is a good assurance of victory in the struggle of our own and of the German people. LongLive the Peoples Revolution! The message is signed by "The Revolutionary Staff of the NTS". Directly below this message to the Russian military we find the second message written in German: German Friends! The NTS is a Russian revolutionary organization, and is fighting the Communist regime. The NTS is addressing itself in Russian text to the Soviet soldiers. The NTS is appealing to the Soviet soldiers for a new uprising in the zone, not to shoot at the Germans, but to unite with them. Only the union of the Russians and the Germans guarantees a successful uprising, and brings freedom to both nations. Help spread this leaflet. Once again the message ends with "NTS - The Revolutionary Staff". The leaflet also bears symbols such as the three-pronged pitchfork,


which is the symbol of the NTS and represents the unity of workers, farmers and intellectuals in the new national revolution. It is doubtful that many East Germans passed these on to their Russian allies as requested by the NTS. Besides being inhospitable, it was probably extremely dangerous. Do we know of any other western propaganda banknotes sent against the Communist regimes by the NTS? Dr. Julius Mader mentions another in an article entitled "Counterfeit Money as a Weapon of the USA", published in The Baltic Sea Newspaper, 12 September 1981. He claims that a CIA-front organization (possibly the NTS) counterfeited German Democratic Republic I mark notes of 1948 and disseminated them by balloon in 1953. Mader says all of the counterfeits have the serial number "AM 7090673."The text on the back of these notes is: Germany's unity in freedom

Secures in the East and West

The equal purchasing power of our currency in all of Germany.

Therefore, fight the red oppressors

Until they are destroyed.

Council of the Free German Workers and Peasants

In the Soviet Occupation Zone. Did the Communists fight back with propaganda material of their own? Of course they did. One of the most interesting items was a parody of the West German 10 Mark Bank Deutsch Lander note of 1949.

The note is a good photographic copy. The color of the parody is all blue, whereas the genuine note also has a small amount of red scrollwork. The printing of the fraud is slightly blurred compared to the original note. However, the imitation is good enough to


the official organ of the illegal Central Committee of the Communist Party of Germany. The police had searched for this printing plant for two years and found it just as it was about to go into full production. When the warehouse of this firm was raided, the great majority of the propaganda banknotes were confiscated and destroyed. However, between one and two thousand were distributed before the raid occurred. The authorities stated that the Communist Party had produced numerous other types of anti-West propaganda to be disseminated during the parliamentary elections of 1957.

When opened up, the following message in German was exposed: This bill naturally is not genuine. But have you ever given any thought to the fact that the 10 Mark bill in your pocketbook is alsoaway with Atom Adenauer, vote no for the Christian Democratic Union/Christian Socialist Union. The party of the tax oppressors and armament-hyenas. Vote Socialist Democratic Party! The German Communist Party. When we first saw this propaganda note, we wondered why the Communists would support the party of Willy Brandt, a man who was perceived as strongly pro-American in the early 1950's and who had once stated in 1949: You cannot be a democrat without being anti-Communist. He had joined with President John Kennedy at the Berlin Wall and cheered when the young American made his famous "I am a Berliner" comment. At the time it was believed that this banknote was an attempt to smear Brandt, perhaps with Adenauer's blessing. However, time has shown that Brandt was not nearly


as pro-Western as thought. He did eventually become Chancellor of Germany and even won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971. At the same time, his Eastern policies led directly to the acceptance of Russian control of vast areas of conquered territories. He was finally unseated in 1974 when it was discovered that his personal aide, Gunter Guillaume, was an officer in the German Democratic Republic People's Army and an espionage agent for the Ministry of State Security (MfS). Since 1976 Brandt has served as Chairman of Socialist International, a group that has supported both the Sandinista regime of Nicaragua and the left-wing guerrillas in El Salvador. We could suspect that the propaganda banknote supporting Brandt was produced by the Communist Party in 1957 because they had already recognizedhim as a possible future ally. The Communist Party prepared a propaganda note for the election of 1953. It was slightly larger than the genuine currency, measuring 165x75mm. This note did not unfold, but had the propaganda message on the back in black text on white paper. Once again it attacked the four years of Adenauer, the parties in power and compared prices between 1949 and 1953 for such items as milk, butter and sauerkraut. The message ended: Vote the German Communist Party. Another banknote was designed to bring young Germans to the East where they might be influenced by the glory of Communism. It is a parody of the German Federal Republic 20 Deutsche mark note of 1948. The imitation has been folded so that the outside


face and back shows the back of the genuine note ("Zwanzig Deutsche Mark") in green. The color of the parody is lighter in shade than the genuine note.

When opened, the following propaganda text is found in German: Won't you... — For 20 German marks, 10 German marks or even only 5 German marks, depending on where you live- ...Spend 14 days on a wonderful vacation? ...See the best cultural groups of the world singing, dancing and playing? ...See the German swimming champion Herbert Klein, and the Soviet world champion Meschkow setting new records? ...Schade and Zatopek running long distance for the victory palm? ...Be present when Dynamo Moscow is playing against a West European football team? ...Meet young people from all over the world — from Lapland tofilled out by the finder of the leaflet. Additional text at the bottom of the message states that Manfred von Brauchitsch is the president of the West German Committee for Preparation of the World Festival Games. The parody was prepared by "Nolting's printing office, Hamburg 36."

How were these notes disseminated? Probably by hand. However, we do have a newspaper clipping that indicates that at least some were sent through the mail. An undated 1951 column entitled "Gottingen today" mentions the bank note parody. The article states: A friendly reader put an invitation on our table which was mailed by the West German Committee for Preparation of the World Festival Games to youngsters and students of the Western Zone. The Communists behave anti-capitalistic, but the Committee found it appropriate—following


we can assume that they were from local West German newspapers published between 1951 and 1953. The first clipping is labeled "Mannheim" and tells of von Brauchitsch being elected president of a: Committee for the Unity within German Sports. He had invited 400 guests to a restaurant to meet various German boxing personalities. In a prepared speech von Brauchitsch spoke against 'militaristic tendencies within German sports. The second undated clipping reads: Another arrest. The former race-driver Manfred von Brauchitsch was arrested for suspicion of high treason. He is the president of the "Committee for the Unity and Freedom of German Sports/' an organization controlled by the Soviet occupied zone. Further research has shown von Brauchitsch was arrested in early 1953, so this clipping probably dates from about thattime. The final clipping is from the German Press Agency and is labeled "Munich, 8 May". It states; that a lawyer known for defending Communist Party members has taken the case. It further mentions that the general manager of the sports committee, Martin Hamann, has also been arrested. Further research has indicated that von Brauchitsch was released 15 May 1953. On 30 September 1953 he was again arrested on suspicion of treason. On 25 March 1954 he was released after giving his word of honor that he would be present at his trial. Manfred von Brauchitsch immediately crossed the border into the German Democratic Republic where he took up residence in Grafenwarth. I actually heard from a gentleman in 1991 who had attended the games. He said: I


was there as a 16-year-old boy and helped the Commies celebrate their festival. We went by train and boat on the River Spree inside the city of Berlin. I actually had fun there. I really cared little about the politics of the festival. Another early monetary campaign reminds us of today's computer hackers. Allegedly, the Kampfgruppe Gegen Unmenschlichkeit (Fighters against Inhumanity) based in West Berlin, found a way to break the codes used by the banks of the German Democratic Republic. The KgU then moved money from one bank to another illegally, causing great confusion in the East German economy. This was supposed to have been done just prior to the uprising in the DDR in June of 1953. It is unknown if the KgU drew upon theis halted. We will cooperate in suggestions concerning control, reduction and elimination of armaments. We are interested in improving relations with our Eastern neighbors in all areas of economic, political and cultural life." This quote is an official Government statement dated December 1966. The Communists then go on to tell what they believe to be the true sentiments of the West German Government. These are the facts: Instead of starting proper relations with the DDR - non-recognition and the claim of sole responsibility for German matters. Instead of accepting the DDR's suggestion to reduce the arms budget by 50%, the offer has been rejected. Instead of speaking out against the dirty US war in Vietnam, increased support of the American war crimes. Instead of genuine friendship with Eastern