in EMI but continued to own Victor and the rights to His Masters Voice in the Americas. HMV continued to distribute RCA recordings until RCA severed its ties with EMI in 1957, RCA Victors Japanese subsidiary, the Victor Company of Japan, became independent, and today they still use the Victor brand and Nipper in Japan only. In 1968, RCA introduced a logo and restricted the use of Nipper to the album covers of Red Seal Records. The trademark was reinstated to most RCA record labels in the Western Hemisphere beginning in late 1976 and was again widely used in RCA advertising throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. The dog reappeared for a time on RCA television sets and was used on the RCA CED videodisc system

18.
Nicaragua
–
Nicaragua, officially theRepublic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus. Nicaraguas capital, Managua, is the countrys largest city and the third-largest city in Central America, the multi-ethnic population of six million includes indigenous peoples, Europeans, Africans, and Asians. Native tribes on the eastern coast speak their own languages, the Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century. Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821, since its independence, Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest, dictatorship, and fiscal crisis—the most notable causes that led to the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. Nicaragua is a democratic republic. The biological diversity, warm climate and active volcanoes make Nicaragua an increasingly popular tourist destination. The name Nicaragua was coined by Spanish colonists based on the name Nicarao,


when Spaniard Gil González Dávila came to Nicaragua in 1521 he found in the areas between Rivas and San Jorge the first pre-Columbian natives of Nicaragua. At the time the city was called Quauhcapolca and the cacique leaders name was Macuilmiquiztli. The Pipil migrated to Nicaragua from central Mexico after 500 BC, meanwhile, the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua was inhabited by other peoples, mostly Chibcha language groups. They had coalesced in Central America and migrated also to present-day northern Colombia and they lived a life based primarily on hunting and gathering. In 1502, Christopher Columbus became the first European known to have reached what is now Nicaragua as he sailed southeast toward the Isthmus of Panama, on his fourth voyage, Columbus explored the Miskito Coast on the Atlanticside of Nicaragua. The Spanish attempted to convert all three tribes to Christianity, Nicaragua and Nicarao and their people converted, but Dirangen, however, did not, the first attempt to conquer what is now known as Nicaragua was by Gil González Dávila, who arrived in Panama in January 1520. The first Spanish permanent settlements were founded in 1524, conquistador Francisco Hernández de Córdoba founded two of Nicaraguas principal towns in 1524, Granada on Lake Nicaragua was the first settlement, followed by León at a location west of Lake Managua. Córdoba soon built defenses for the cities and fought against incursions by other conquistadors, Córdoba was later publicly beheaded following a power struggle with Pedro Arias Dávila. His tomb and remains were discovered in 2000 in the ruins of León


Viejo, the clashes among Spanish forces did not impede their destruction of the indigenous people and their culture. The series of battles came to be known as the War of the Captains, Pedro Arias Dávila was a winner, although he had lost control of Panama, he moved to Nicaragua and successfully established his base in León. Through adroit diplomatic machinations, he became the first governor of the colony, many indigenous people died as a result of new infectious diseases, compounded by neglect by the Spaniards, who controlled their subsistence. In 1610, the Momotombo volcano erupted, destroying the capital and it was rebuilt northwest of what is now known as the ruins of Old León

19.
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
–
The House of Commons of the United Kingdom isthe lower house of the countrys parliament. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster, officially, the full name of the house is, The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. The House is a body consisting of 650 members known as Members of Parliament. Members are elected to represent constituencies by first-past-the-post and hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved, under the Parliament Act 1911, the Lords power to reject legislation was reduced to a delaying power. The Government is primarily responsible to the House of Commons and the prime minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains the support of a majority of its members. Although


it does not formally elect the prime minister, the position of the parties in the House of Commons is of overriding importance, by convention, the prime minister is answerable to, and must maintain the support of, the House of Commons. Since 1963, by convention, the minister is always a member of the House of Commons. The Commons may indicate its lack of support for the Government by rejecting a motion of confidence or by passing a motion of no confidence, confidence and no confidence motions are sometimes phrased explicitly, for instance, That this House has no confidence in Her Majestys Government. Many other motions were considered confidence issues, even though not explicitly phrased as such, in particular, important bills that form a part of the Governments agenda wereformerly considered matters of confidence, as is the annual Budget. Parliament normally sits for a term of five years. Subject to that limit, the minister could formerly choose the timing of the dissolution of parliament. By this second mechanism, the government of the United Kingdom can change without a general election. In such circumstances there may not even have been a party leadership election, as the new leader may be chosen by acclaim. A prime minister may resign if he or she is not defeated at the polls. In such a case, the premiership goes to whoever can command a majority in the House of Commons, in practice this is usually the new leader of the outgoing prime ministers party. Until 1965, the Conservative Party had no mechanism


for electing a new leader, when Anthony Eden resigned as PM in 1957 without recommending a successor and it fell to the Queen to appoint Harold Macmillan as the new prime minister, after taking the advice of ministers. By convention, all ministers must be members of the House of Commons or of the House of Lords, a handful have been appointed who were outside Parliament, but in most cases they then entered Parliament either in a by-election or by receiving a peerage. Since 1902, all ministers have been members of the Commons

20.
Government of the United Kingdom
–
Her Majestys Government, commonly referred to as the UK government or British government, is the central government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The government is led by thePrime Minister, who all the remaining ministers. The prime minister and the other most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, the government ministers all sit in Parliament, and are accountable to it. After an election, the monarch selects as prime minister the leader of the party most likely to command a majority of MPs in the House of Commons. Under the uncodified British constitution, executive authority lies with the monarch, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the prime minister, the Cabinet members advise the monarch as members of the Privy Council. They also exercise power directly as leaders of the Government Departments, the current prime minister is Theresa May, who took office on 13 July 2016. She is the leader


of the Conservative Party, which won a majority of seats in the House of Commons in the election on 7 May 2015. Prior to this, Cameron and the Conservatives led a government from 2010 to 2015 with the Liberal Democrats. A key principle of the British Constitution is that the government is responsible to Parliament, Britain is a constitutional monarchy in which the reigning monarch does not make any open political decisions. All political decisions are taken by the government and Parliament and this constitutional state of affairs is the result of a long history of constraining and reducing the political power of the monarch, beginning with the Magna Carta in 1215. Parliament is split into two houses, the House of Lords and the House of Commons, theHouse of Commons is the lower house and is the more powerful. The House of Lords is the house and although it can vote to amend proposed laws. Parliamentary time is essential for bills to be passed into law, Ministers of the Crown are responsible to the House in which they sit, they make statements in that House and take questions from members of that House. For most senior ministers this is usually the elected House of Commons rather than the House of Lords, since the start of Edward VIIs reign, in 1901, the prime minister has always been an elected member of Parliament and therefore directly accountable to the House of Commons. Under the British system the government is required by convention and for reasons to maintain


the confidence of the House of Commons. It requires the support of the House of Commons for the maintenance of supply, by convention if a government loses the confidence of the House of Commons it must either resign or a General Election is held. The support of the Lords, while useful to the government in getting its legislation passed without delay, is not vital, a government is not required to resign even if it loses the confidence of the Lords and is defeated in key votes in that House. The House of Commons is thus the Responsible house, the prime minister is held to account during Prime Ministers Question Time which provides an opportunity for MPs from all parties to question the PM on any subject

21.
Second Boer War
–
TheSecond Boer War, usually known as the Boer War and also at the time as the South African War, started on 11 October 1899 and ended on 31 May 1902. Great Britain defeated two Boer states in South Africa, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, Britain was aided by its Cape Colony, Colony of Natal and some native African allies. The British war effort was supported by volunteers from the British Empire, including Southern Africa, the Australian colonies, Canada, India. All other nations were neutral, but public opinion in them was largely hostile to Britain, inside Britain and its Empire there also was significant opposition to the Second Boer War. The British were overconfident and under-prepared, the Boers were very well armed and struck first,


besieging Ladysmith, Kimberley, and Mafeking in early 1900, and winning important battles at Colenso, Magersfontein and Stormberg. Staggered, the British brought in numbers of soldiers and fought back. General Redvers Buller was replaced by Lord Roberts and Lord Kitchener and they relieved the three besieged cities, and invaded the two Boer republics in late 1900. The onward marches of the British Army were so overwhelming that the Boers did not fight staged battles in defense of their homeland, the British quickly seized control of all of the Orange Free State and Transvaal, as the civilian leadership went into hiding or exile. In conventional terms, the war was over, Britain officially annexed the two countries in 1900, and called a khaki election to give the government another six yearsof power in London. However, the Boers refused to surrender and they reverted to guerrilla warfare under new generals Louis Botha, Jan Smuts, Christiaan de Wet and Koos de la Rey. Two more years of attacks and quick escapes followed. As guerrillas without uniforms, the Boer fighters easily blended into the farmlands, which provided hiding places, supplies, the British solution was to set up complex nets of block houses, strong points, and barbed wire fences, partitioning off the entire conquered territory. The civilian farmers were relocated into concentration camps, where very large proportions died of disease, especially the children, then the British mounted infantry units systematically tracked down the highly mobile Boer guerrilla units. The battles at this stage were small operations with few combat casualties The war


ended in surrender, the British successfully won over the Boer leaders, who now gave full support to the new political system. Both former republics were incorporated into the Union of South Africa in 1910, the conflict is commonly referred to as simply the Boer War, since the First Boer War is much less well known. Boer was the term for Afrikaans-speaking white South Africans descended from the Dutch East India Companys original settlers at the Cape of Good Hope. It is officially called the South African War and it is known as the Anglo-Boer War among some South Africans. In Afrikaans it may be called the Anglo-Boereoorlog, Tweede Boereoorlog, in South Africa it is officially called the South African War

22.
Boer
–
Boer is the Dutch and Afrikaans word for farmer.As used in South Africa, it was used to denote the descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century. For a long time the Dutch East India Company controlled this area, in addition the term was applied to those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State, Transvaal, and to a lesser extent Natal. They left the Cape primarily to escape British rule and get away from the constant border wars between the British imperial government and the tribes on the eastern frontier. The Dutch East India Company had been formed in the Dutch Republic in 1602, in 1648 one of their ships was stranded in Table Bay, and the shipwrecked


crew had to forage for themselves on shore for several months. The result was that in 1652, a Dutch expedition led by surgeon Jan van Riebeek constructed a fort, landing at Table Bay, Van Riebeek took control over Cape Town, the settlement developed during the previous 10 years. In 1671 the Dutch first purchased land from the native Khoikhoi beyond the limits of the built by Van Riebeek. They formed a class of a class of vrijlieden, also known as vrijburgers, a large number of vrijburgers became independent farmers and applied for grants of land, as well as loans of seed and tools, from the Company administration. Political refugees from the wars in France, following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, they were settled at Stellenbosch, Drakenstein,Franschhoek. The influence of small body of immigrants on the character of the Dutch settlers was marked. The Company in 1701 directed that only Dutch should be taught in the schools and this resulted in the Huguenots assimilating by the middle of the 18th century, with a loss to the community in the use and knowledge of French. The little settlement gradually spread eastwards, and in 1754 the country as far as Algoa Bay was included in the colony, at this time the European colonists numbered eight to ten thousand. They possessed numerous slaves, grew wheat in sufficient quantity to make it a commodity crop for export, but their chief wealth was in cattle. Through the latter half of the 17th and the whole of the 18th century,


the administration of the Dutch East India Company was extremely despotic. Its policies were not directed at development of the colony, the effect of this tyranny was inevitable, it drove men to desperation. They fled from oppression, and even before 1700 trekking began, in 1789, so strong had feeling amongst the burghers become that delegates were sent from the Cape to interview the authorities at Amsterdam. After this deputation, some reforms were granted. It was largely to escape oppression that the farmers trekked farther and farther from the seat of government, the company, to control the emigrants, established a magistracy at Swellendam in 1745 and another at Graaff Reinet in 1786

23.
Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal
–
Ladysmith is a town in the Uthukela District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is 230 kilometres north-westof Durban and 365 kilometres south of Johannesburg, important industries in the area include food processing, textile and tyre production. Tyres are produced by Sumitomo Rubber South Africa in the town of Steadville. Ladysmith is the seat for both the Alfred Duma Local Municipality and the Uthukela District Municipality, in 1847 after buying land from the Zulu king Mpande, a number of Boers settled in the area and called it the Republic of Klip River with Andries Spies as their commandant. The republic was annexed by the British in the same year, on 11 October 1850 the name was changed to Ladysmith after Juana María de los Dolores de León Smith also known as Lady Smith, the Spanish wife of Sir Harry Smith, the Governor of the Cape


Colony. Sir Harry Smith was the British general governor of Cape Colony, a fort was built in 1860 to protect the villagers from the Zulu. During the Second Boer War British commander Lieutenant General Sir George White made Ladysmith his centre of operations for the protection of Natal against the Boer forces. Following the Battle of Ladysmith, whilst British forces under Lieutenant General Sir George White regrouped in the town, the siege lasted 118 days, from 2 November 1899 to 28 February 1900, during the most crucial stage of the war. Approximately 3,000 British soldiers died during the siege, three attempts by General Sir Redvers Buller to break the siege resulted in defeat for the British forces at the battles of Colenso, Spion Kop and Vaal Krantz. On6 January 1900 the Boer forces of Commandant-General Piet Joubert attempted to end the siege by taking the town before the British could launch another attempt to break the siege and this led to the battle of Platrand south of the town. Buller finally broke the siege on 28 February 1900 after defeating the Boers by using close cooperation between his infantry and artillery. Sir Winston Churchill, then a war correspondent for The Morning Post, was present at the Relief of Ladysmith after having been taken prisoner. Mohandas Gandhi and the corps that he established earlier during the war was involved in a number of actions that took place in. Ladysmith is located on the banks of the Klip River, with the business district. It is on the


foothills of the Drakensberg mountains, about 26 km from the Van Reenen pass, since it was established the town has suffered severely from flooding of the Klip River. During the 110 years up to 1997 with the completion of the Qedusizi Dam,29 serious floods have occurred, minor flooding occurred almost every year. The worst flooding in 30 years occurred in 1996 leading to R500 million in damages, efforts to control the flooding date back to the 1940s. In 1949 the Windsor Dam was completed, but this dam silted up very fast and was not a means of flood control

24.
Mile End
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Mile End is a district mostly centred around the north-south Mile End Park in East London, England,3.6 miles east-northeast of Charing Cross. On the London to Colchester road, itwas one of the earliest suburbs of the City of London, in 2011, Mile End had a population of 28,544. Mile End is recorded in 1288 as La Mile ende and it is formed from the Middle English mile and ende and means the hamlet a mile away. The mile distance was in relation to Aldgate in the City of London, in around 1691 Mile End became known as Mile End Old Town because a new unconnected settlement to the west and adjacent to Spitalfields had taken the name Mile End New Town. This data combines the ethnicity data for Mile Ends two wards, whilst there are many references to settlements in the area, excavations have suggested there were very few buildings before 1300. Mile End Road is


an ancient route from London to the East, in the medieval period it was known as ‘Aldgatestrete’, as it led to the eastern entrance to the City of London at Aldgate. The area running alongside Mile End Road was known as Mile End Green, for most of the medieval period, this road was surrounded by open fields on either side, but speculative developments existed by the end of the 16th century and continued throughout the 18th century. The Stepney Green Conservation Area was designated in January 1973, covering the previously known as Mile End Old Town. It is a large Conservation Area with a shape that encloses buildings around Mile End Road, Assembly Passage, Louisa Street. It is an area of architectural and historic interest, with a characterand appearance worthy of protection. It is situated just north of the village of Stepney. On 12 June, the Essex rebels, comprising 100,000 men, camped at Mile End, on 14 June, the young king Richard II rode to Mile End where he met the rebels and signed their charter. The king subsequently had the leaders and many rebels executed, in 1883, Jacob P. Adler arrived in London with a troupe of refugee professional actors. He enlisted the help of local amateurs, and the Russian Jewish Operatic Company made their debut at the Beaumont Hall, within two years they were able to establish their own theatre in Brick Lane. Five acres of land were secured on the Mile End Road, the complex was completed with a library, swimming pool,


gymnasium and winter garden by 1892, providing an eclectic mix of populist entertainment and education. A peak of 8,000 tickets were sold for classes in 1892, and by 1900, a new Peoples Palace was constructed, in 1937, by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney, in St Helens Terrace. Besides suffering heavily in earlier blitzes, Mile End was hit by the first V-1 flying bomb to strike London, on 13 June 1944, this doodlebug impacted next to the railway bridge on Grove Road, an event now commemorated by a plaque. Eight civilians were killed,30 injured and 200 made homeless by the blast, the area remained derelict for many years, until cleared to extend Mile End park

25.
Orange Free State
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It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province. In thenorthern part of the territory a Voortrekker Republic was established at Winburg in 1837 and this state was in federation with the Republic of Potchefstroom which later formed part of the South African Republic. The new republic incorporated the Orange River Sovereignty and included the traditions of the Winburg-Potchefstroom Republic and it ceased to exist as an independent Boer republic on 31 May 1902 with the signing of the Treaty of Vereeniging at the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Boer War. Following a period of rule by the British, it joined the Union of South Africa in 1910 as the Orange Free State Province, along with the Cape Province, Natal. In 1961, the Union of South Africa became the Republic of South Africa. The republics name derives partly from


the Orange River, which in turn was named in honour of the Dutch ruling royal family, the official language in the Orange Free State was Dutch. Europeans first visited the north of the Orange River towards the close of the 18th century. At that time, the population was sparse, early in the 19th century Griquas established themselves north of the Orange. Between 1817 and 1831, the country was devastated by the chief Mzilikazi and his Matabele in the known as the Mfecane. Up to this time the few Europeans who had crossed the Orange had come mainly as hunters or as missionaries and they were followed in 1836 by the first parties of the Great Trek. These emigrants left the Cape Colony for various reasons, but all sharedthe desire to escape from British authority. When Boer families first reached the area discovered that it had been devastated by a section of the Zulu tribe under Mzilikazi and his people. The Matebele had swept the country, destroying the fields, carrying off the cattle, the Boers soon came into collision with Mzilikazis raiding parties, which attacked Boer hunters who crossed the Vaal River. Reprisals followed, and in November 1837 the Boers decisively defeated Mzilikazi, in the meantime another party of Cape Dutch emigrants had settled at Thaba Nchu, where the Wesleyans had a mission station for the Barolong. The emigrants were treated with kindness by Moroka II, the chief of that tribe. In December 1836 the emigrants beyond the Orange drew up in general assembly an elementary


form of government. After the defeat of Mzilikazi the town of Winburg was founded, a Volksraad elected, the emigrants already numbered some 500 men, besides women and children and many servants. Dissensions speedily arose among the emigrants, whose numbers were added to

26.
Labour Party (UK)
–
The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Labour later served in the coalition from 1940 to 1945. Labour was also in government from 1964 to 1970 under Harold Wilson and from 1974 to 1979, first under Wilson and then James Callaghan. The Labour Party was last in government from 1997 to 2010 under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, beginning with a majority of 179. Having won 232 seats in the 2015 general election, the party is the Official Opposition inthe Parliament of the United Kingdom, the party also organises in Northern Ireland, but does not contest elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Labour Party is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Progressive Alliance. In September 2015, Jeremy Corbyn was elected Leader of the Labour Party, the first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. In the 1895 general election, the Independent Labour Party put up 28 candidates, Keir Hardie, the leader of the party, believed that to obtain success in parliamentary elections,


it would be necessary to join with other left-wing groups. Hardies roots as a lay preacher contributed to an ethos in the party led to the comment by 1950s General Secretary Morgan Phillips that Socialism in Britain owed more to Methodism than Marx. The motion was passed at all stages by the TUC, the meeting was attended by a broad spectrum of working-class and left-wing organisations—trades unions represented about one third of the membership of the TUC delegates. This created an association called the Labour Representation Committee, meant to coordinate attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions and it had no single leader, and in the absence of one, the Independent Labour Party nominee Ramsay MacDonald was elected as Secretary. He had the task of keeping thevarious strands of opinions in the LRC united. The October 1900 Khaki election came too soon for the new party to campaign effectively, only 15 candidatures were sponsored, but two were successful, Keir Hardie in Merthyr Tydfil and Richard Bell in Derby. Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, the judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. In their first meeting after the election the groups Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name The Labour Party formally, the Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement, the Peoples History Museum in Manchester


holds the minutes of the first Labour Party meeting in 1906 and has them on display in the Main Galleries. Also within the museum is the Labour History Archive and Study Centre, the governing Liberals were unwilling to repeal this judicial decision with primary legislation

27.
Ramsay MacDonald
–
Historians credit MacDonald, along with Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, as one of the three principal founders of the Labour Party. His speeches, pamphlets and books him an important theoretician. He entered Parliament in 1906 and was the Chairman of the Labour MPs from 1911 to 1914 and he was widely denounced for his opposition to the First World War, and he lost his seat in 1918. The antiwar mood of the 1920s led to his rehabilitation in the 1920s and he returnedto Parliament in 1922, the first Labour government—formed with Liberal support—in 1924 lasted only nine months but demonstrated that the Labour Party was sufficiently competent to run a government. In 1931, MacDonald formed a National Government in which two of his Labour colleagues agreed to serve. His majority came from the Conservatives and he abandoned the gold standard and called a general election in 1931 seeking a doctors mandate to do whatever was necessary to fix the economy. MacDonalds National coalition won a landslide and the Labour Party was reduced to a rump of around 50 seats in the House of Commons. Nevertheless budget pressures, and a strong popular pacifist sentiment, forced a reduction in the military and his health rapidly deteriorated and he became increasingly ineffective as


a leader. He stood down as Prime Minister in 1935, losing his seat at the election that autumn. He remained in the Cabinet as Lord President of the Council until retiring from the government in 1937 and dying, still an MP, later that year. Since 1931 MacDonald has been denounced by Labour supporters as a traitor to their cause. Since the late 1970s historians have defended his reputation, emphasising his role in building up the Labour Party. MacDonald was born at Gregory Place, Lossiemouth, Morayshire, Scotland, the son of John MacDonald, a farm labourer, and Anne Ramsay. Although registered at birth as James McDonald Ramsay, he was known as Jaimie MacDonald and his mother had worked as a domestic servant at Claydale farm, near Alves, where her futurehusband was also employed. Ramsay MacDonald received an education at the Free Church of Scotland school in Lossiemouth from 1872 to 1875. He left school at the end of the term in 1881, at the age of 15. In December 1881 he was appointed as a teacher at Drainie parish school. In 1885 he left to take up a position as an assistant to Mordaunt Crofton and it was in Bristol that Ramsay MacDonald joined the Democratic Federation, a Radical sect

28.
Siege of Ladysmith
–
The Siege of Ladysmith was a protracted engagement in the Second Boer War, taking place between 2 November 1899 and 28 February 1900 at Ladysmith, Natal. Some of these troops were diverted while returning to Britain from India, others were sent from garrisons in the Mediterranean,


lieutenant General Sir George White was appointed to command this enlarged force. White was 64 years old and suffered from a leg injury incurred in a riding accident, having served mainly in India, he had little previous experience of South Africa. Instead, they regarded it as evidence of Britains determination to control of the Boer republics. With the complete breakdown in negotiations, both declared war and attacked on 12 October. A total of 21,000 Boers advanced into Natal from all sides, White had been advised to deploy his force far back, well clear of the area of northern Natal known as the Natal Triangle, a wedge of land lying between the two Boer republics. Instead, White deployed his forces around the town of Ladysmith, with a detachment evenfurther forward at Dundee. The entire British force could concentrate only after fighting two battles at Talana Hill and Elandslaagte, as the Boers surrounded Ladysmith, White ordered a sortie by his entire force to capture the Boer artillery. The result was the disastrous Battle of Ladysmith, in which the British were driven back into the town having lost 1,200 men killed, wounded or captured, the Boers then proceeded to surround Ladysmith and cut the railway link to Durban. Major General French and his Chief of Staff, Major Douglas Haig escaped on the last train to leave and this town was then besieged for 118 days. White knew that large reinforcements were arriving, and could communicate with British units south of the Tugela River by searchlight, meanwhile, his troops


carried out several raids and sorties to sabotage Boer artillery. Louis Botha commanded the Boer detachment which first raided Southern Natal, on 15 December, the first relief attempt was defeated at the Battle of Colenso. Temporarily unnerved, the force commander, General Redvers Henry Buller, suggested that White either break out or destroy his stores and ammunition. White could not break out because his horses and draught animals were weak from lack of grazing and forage, but also refused to surrender. On Christmas Day 1899, the Boers fired into Ladysmith a carrier shell without fuze, the shell is still kept in the museum at Ladysmith. The Boers around Ladysmith were also growing weak from lack of forage, with little action, many fighters took unauthorised leave or brought their familiesinto the siege encampments. The British line south of Ladysmith ran along a known as the Platrand. The occupying British troops had named its features Wagon Hill to the west, under Ian Hamilton, they had constructed a line of forts, sangars and entrenchments on the reverse slope of the Platrand, of which the Boers were unaware

29.
Ashanti Empire
–
The Ashanti Empire was an Akan empire and kingdom in what is now modern-day Ghana. The Ashanti Empire expanded from Ashanti to include the Brong-Ahafo, Central region, Eastern region, Greater Accra region, the Ashanti benefited from early firearm adoption. Combined with effective strategy, they fashioned an empire that stretched from central Ghana to the present-day Ivory Coast. Starting in the late 17th century, the Ashanti king Osei Tutu and his advisor Okomfo


Anokye, established the Ashanti Kingdom, with the Golden Stool of Asante as a sole unifying symbol. In 1701, the Ashanti army conquered Denkyira, giving the Ashanti access to the Gulf of Guinea, the Ashanti Kingdom is the home to Lake Bosumtwi, Ghanas only natural lake. The states current economic revenue is derived mainly from trading in gold bars, cocoa, kola nuts and agriculture, forest has also cleared to plant cassava, maize. Today the Ashanti Kingdom survives as a protected, sub-national proto-state. The current king of the Ashanti Kingdom is Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Asantehene, the name Asante means because of war. The word derives from the twi words asa meaning war and nti meaning because of and this name comes from the Asantes origin as a kingdom createdto fight the Denkyira Kingdom. The variant name Ashanti comes from British reports that transcribing Asante as the British heard it pronounced, the hyphenation was subsequently dropped and the name Ashanti remained, with various spellings including Ashantee common into the early 20th century. Before the Ashanti Kingdom had contact with Europeans, it had a trade with other African states due to the Ashanti gold wealth. Trade with European states began after contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century AD, when the gold mines in the Sahel started to play out, the Ashanti Kingdom rose to prominence as the major player in the gold trade. At the height of the Ashanti Kingdom, the Ashanti people became wealthy through the trading of gold mined from their territory, Ashanti political


organization was originally centered on clans headed by a paramount chief or Amanhene. One particular clan, the Oyoko, settled in the Ashantis sub-tropical forest region, the introduction of the Golden Stool was a means of centralization under Osei Tutu. According to legend, a meeting of all the heads of each of the Ashanti settlements was called just prior to declaring independence from Denkyira. Okomfo Anokye declared the stool to be symbolic of the new Asante Union, the newly declared Ashanti union subsequently waged war against and defeated Denkyira. The stool remains sacred to the Ashanti as it is believed to contain the Sunsum — spirit or soul of the Ashanti people, King Opoku Ware I engaged in further Akan territorial expansion king Kusi Obodom succeeded Opoku Ware I.Asante king Osei Kwadwo imposed administrative reforms that allowed the Ashanti Kingdom to be governed effectively, King Osei Kwame Panyin, and King Osei Tutu Kwame continued the Ashanti Kingdoms territorial consolidation

30.
Irish Guards
–
The Irish Guards recruit in Northern Ireland and the Irish neighbourhoods of major British cities. One way to distinguish between the five regiments of Foot Guards is the spacing of the buttons on their tunics, the Irish Guards have buttons arranged in groups of four as they were the fourth Foot Guards regiment to be founded. They also have a prominent St. Patricks blue plume on the side of their bearskins. The Irish Guards regiment was formed on 1 April 1900 by order of Queen Victoria to commemorate the Irishmen who fought in the Second Boer War


for the British Empire. Following the outbreak of the First World War, 1st Battalion, The Irish Guards was deployed to France almost immediately, during the early part of the war, the battalion took part in the Battle of Mons and formed the Allied rearguard during the Great Retreat. The battalion then took part in one of the bloodiest battles of 1914, the First Battle of Ypres, the battle caused major casualties among the old Regular Army. The 1st Battalion was involved in fighting for the duration of First Ypres, at Langemarck, Gheluvelt, the 1st Battalion suffered huge casualties between November 1–8 holding the line against near defeat by German forces, while defending Klein Zillebeke. In May 1915, the 1st Irish Guards took part in the Battle of Festubert,Two further battalions were formed for the regiment in July. In September that year, the battalion, as well as the 2nd Irish Guards, who had reached France in August, took part in the Battle of Loos, both battalions spent the rest of 1915 in the trenches and did not fight in any major engagements. This relative quite period for the regiment was broken on 1 July 1916 when the Battle of the Somme began, the 1st Irish Guards took part in an action at Flers–Courcelette where they suffered severe casualties in the attack in the face of withering fire from the German machine-guns. The battalion also took part in the action at Morval before they were relieved the by the 2nd Irish Guards, in 1917 the Irish Guards


took part in the Battle of Pilckem which began on the 31 July during the Third Battle of Ypres. The Irish Guards also took part in the Battle of Cambrai in that year, in 1918 the regiment fought in a number of engagements during the Second Battle of the Somme, including at Arras and Albert. The regiment then went on to part in a number of battles during the British offensives against the Hindenburg Line. On 11 November 1918 the Armistice with Germany was signed, the 1st Battalion, Irish Guards were at Maubeuge when the Armistice was signed. This proposal, however, did not find favour in government or army circles and was dropped, between the wars, the regiment was deployed at various times to Turkey, Gibraltar, Egypt andPalestine. During the Second World War, battalions of the regiment fought in Norway, France, North Africa and Italy and following D-Day in France, Belgium, the regiment first saw combat during the Norwegian Campaign. Following a challenging sea voyage to Norway, the 1st Irish Guards arrived in May 1940, the Irish Guards conducted a fighting withdrawal and served as the Allied rearguard. The battalion were evacuated along with the rest of the force in June

31.
Edward VII
–
Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of


Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. During the long reign of his mother, he was excluded from political power. He travelled throughout Britain performing ceremonial duties, and represented Britain on visits abroad. His tours of North America in 1860 and the Indian subcontinent in 1875 were popular successes, as king, Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War. He reinstituted traditional ceremonies as public displays and broadened the range of people with whom royalty socialised and he died in 1910 in the midst of a constitutional crisis that was resolved the following year by the Parliament Act 1911, which restricted the power of the unelected House of Lords.Edward was born at 10,48 in the morning on 9 November 1841 in Buckingham Palace and he was the eldest son and second child of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was christened Albert Edward at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle and he was named Albert after his father and Edward after his maternal grandfather Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn. He was known as Bertie to the family throughout his life. As the eldest son of the British sovereign, he was automatically Duke of Cornwall, as a son of Prince Albert, he also held the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony. He was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 8 December 1841,


Earl of Dublin on 17 January 1850, a Knight of the Garter on 9 November 1858, and a Knight of the Thistle on 24 May 1867. In 1863, he renounced his rights to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in favour of his younger brother. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were determined that their eldest son should have an education that would prepare him to be a constitutional monarch. At age seven, Edward embarked on an educational programme devised by Prince Albert. Unlike his elder sister Victoria, Edward did not excel in his studies and he tried to meet the expectations of his parents, but to no avail. Although Edward was not a diligent student—his true talents were those of charm, sociability and tact—Benjamin Disraeli described him asinformed, intelligent, after the completion of his secondary-level studies, his tutor was replaced by a personal governor, Robert Bruce. After an educational trip to Rome, undertaken in the first few months of 1859, he spent the summer of that year studying at the University of Edinburgh under, among others, in October, he matriculated as an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. Now released from the strictures imposed by his parents, he enjoyed studying for the first time

32.
Belgium
–
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres and has a population of about 11 million people. Additionally, there is a group


of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area. Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, the region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, today, Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. It is divided into three regions and three communities, that exist next to each other and its two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region is a bilingual enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia, Belgiums linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected inits political history and complex system of governance, made up of six different governments. Upon its independence, declared in 1830, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa. This continuing antagonism has led to several far-reaching reforms, resulting in a transition from a unitary to a federal arrangement during the period from 1970 to 1993. Belgium is also a member of the Eurozone, NATO, OECD and WTO. Its capital, Brussels, hosts several of the EUs official seats as well as the headquarters of major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium is also a part of the Schengen Area, Belgium is a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy and is categorized as very high in


the Human Development Index. A gradual immigration by Germanic Frankish tribes during the 5th century brought the area under the rule of the Merovingian kings, a gradual shift of power during the 8th century led the kingdom of the Franks to evolve into the Carolingian Empire. Many of these fiefdoms were united in the Burgundian Netherlands of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Eighty Years War divided the Low Countries into the northern United Provinces and the Southern Netherlands. The latter were ruled successively by the Spanish and the Austrian Habsburgs and this was the theatre of most Franco-Spanish and Franco-Austrian wars during the 17th and 18th centuries. The reunification of the Low Countries as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands occurred at the dissolution of the FirstFrench Empire in 1815, although the franchise was initially restricted, universal suffrage for men was introduced after the general strike of 1893 and for women in 1949. The main political parties of the 19th century were the Catholic Party, French was originally the single official language adopted by the nobility and the bourgeoisie

33.
Dublin
–
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. Dublin is in the province of Leinster on Irelands east coast, the city has an urban area population of 1,345,402. The population of the Greater Dublin Area, as of 2016, was 1,904,806 people, founded as a Viking settlement, the Kingdom of Dublin became Irelands principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest city in the


British Empire before the Acts of Union in 1800, following the partition of Ireland in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, later renamed Ireland. Dublin is administered by a City Council, the city is listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-, which places it amongst the top thirty cities in the world. It is a historical and contemporary centre for education, the arts, administration, economy, the name Dublin comes from the Irish word Dubhlinn, early Classical Irish Dubhlind/Duibhlind, dubh /d̪uβ/, alt. /d̪uw/, alt /d̪u, / meaning black, dark, and lind /lʲiɲ pool and this tidal pool was located where the River Poddle entered the Liffey, on the site of the castle gardens atthe rear of Dublin Castle. In Modern Irish the name is Duibhlinn, and Irish rhymes from Dublin County show that in Dublin Leinster Irish it was pronounced Duílinn /d̪ˠi, other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn, variously anglicized as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Historically, scribes using the Gaelic script wrote bh with a dot over the b and those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as Dublin. Variations on the name are found in traditionally Irish-speaking areas of Scotland, such as An Linne Dhubh. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. Baile Átha Cliath, meaning


town of the ford, is the common name for the city in modern Irish. Áth Cliath is a name referring to a fording point of the River Liffey near Father Mathew Bridge. Baile Átha Cliath was an early Christian monastery, believed to have been in the area of Aungier Street, there are other towns of the same name, such as Àth Cliath in East Ayrshire, Scotland, which is Anglicised as Hurlford. Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times and he called the settlement Eblana polis. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, beginning in the 9th and 10th century, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The subsequentScandinavian settlement centred on the River Poddle, a tributary of the Liffey in an area now known as Wood Quay, the Dubhlinn was a small lake used to moor ships, the Poddle connected the lake with the Liffey. This lake was covered during the early 18th century as the city grew, the Dubhlinn lay where the Castle Garden is now located, opposite the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin Castle

34.
Royal Automobile Club
–
The Royal Automobile Club is a British private club and is not to be confused with RAC, an automotive services company, which it formerly owned. It has two houses, one in London at 89–91 Pall Mall, and the other in the countryside at Woodcote Park, Surrey. Like many other clubs in London today, the Royal Automobile Club welcomes


women as members. It was founded on 10 August 1897 as the Automobile Club of Great Britain, the headquarters was originally in a block of flats at 4 Whitehall Court, moving to 119 Piccadilly in 1902. In the face of considerable opposition a speed limit of 20 mph was retained in addition to the creation of the offence of driving recklessly, dangerously or negligently, in 1905, the Club organised the first Tourist Trophy motorcycle race, the oldest regularly run motor race. The Club became the body for motor sport in Britain. King Edward VIIs interest in motoring led to the command in 1907 that the Automobile Club of Great Britain and it cost over a quarter of a million pounds and is described in the Survey of Londonas a polished essay in the late French Renaissance manner. In September 1914, a group of RAC members put themselves and their cars at the disposal of the British Red Cross. The RAC was responsible for organising the first British Grand Prix motor race at Brooklands, Surrey in 1926 and also runs its sister organisation, in 1978 during a re-organisation the Associate Section was established as a separate company RAC Motoring Services Ltd, which was owned by the organisation. In 1991 the RAC Foundation was split off as the arm of RAC Motoring Services. In September 1999 members sold RAC Motoring Services to Lex Service plc, RAC Plc was then acquired by Aviva plc in March 2005 for around £1.1 billion. As of 2009, the subscription is £1,125


per year. The entrance fee is on a scale, ranging from an additional £940 to £1,600. The patrolmen had a rank structure with corporals, sergeants. Mounted on Matchless motorbikes with sidecars containing a tool kit, fanbelts, engine hoses, until around 1930 control could only contact the mobile patrolmen by telephone, so they waited by public telephone boxes for the callout. From 1957 onwards they were equipped with sets for two way contact with their local headquarters. Although they were never as numerous as AA boxes there was a measure of cooperation between the two motoring clubs—keys fitted both types of box and members messages were passed on. The telephones were installed in locked boxes painted in blue with the RAC logo badge mounted on the top of thebox

35.
Rallying
–
Rallying is a form of motorsport that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars. Rallies may be won by pure speed within the stages or alternatively by driving to a predetermined ideal journey time within the stages, the term rally, as a branch of motorsport, probably dates from the first Monte Carlo Rally of January 1911. Until the late 1920s, few if any other used the term. The first of these races was the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris race of June 1895, won by Paul Koechlin in a Peugeot. Levassors time for the 1,178 km course, running virtually without a break, was 48 hours and 48 minutes, an average speed of 24 km/h. Speeds had now far outstripped the safe limits of dusty


highways thronged with spectators and open to traffic, people and animals, there were numerous crashes, many injuries. The French government stopped the race and banned this style of event, from then on, racing in Europe would be on closed circuits, initially on long loops of public highway and then, in 1907, on the first purpose-built track, Englands Brooklands. Racing was going its own separate way, Italy had been running road competitions since 1895, when a reliability trial was run from Turin to Asti and back. The countrys first true motor race was held in 1897 along the shore of Lake Maggiore, from Arona to Stresa, the first Alpine event was held in 1898, the Austrian Touring Clubs three-day Automobile Run through South Tyrol, which included the infamous StelvioPass. Seventy vehicles took part, the majority of them trade entries and they had to complete thirteen stages of route varying in length from 43 to 123 miles at average speeds of up to the legal limit of 12 mph, and tackle six hillclimb or speed tests. On rest days and at lunch halts, the cars were shown to the public in exhibition halls, the Motor Cycling Club allowed cars to enter its trials and runs from 1904. In 1924, the exercise was repeated as the Small Car Trials, in Germany, the Herkomer Trophy was first held in 1905, and again in 1906. This challenging five-day event attracted over 100 entrants to tackle its 1,000 km road section, a hillclimb and a speed trial, but sadly it was


marred by poor organisation and confusing regulations. One participant had been Prince Henry of Austria, who was inspired to do better, another trial was held in 1910. These were very successful, attracting top drivers and works cars from major teams – several manufacturers added Prince Henry models to their ranges. The first Alpine Trial was held in 1909, in Austria, by 1914, the competitive elements were slight, but getting to Monaco in winter was a challenge in itself. A second event was held in 1912, two ultra long distance challenges took place at this time. The New York–Paris of the year, which went via Japan and Siberia, was won by George Schuster

36.
Daily Express
–
The Daily Express is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. Itis the title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell. It was first published as a broadsheet in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson and its sister paper The Sunday Express was launched in 1918. As of December 2016, it had a daily circulation of 391,626. The paper was acquired by Richard Desmond in 2000, hugh Whittow has served as the papers editor since February of 2011. The papers editorial stances are often seen as aligned to the UK Independence Party, in addition to its sister paper, Express Newspapers also publishes the red top newspapers the Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday. The Daily Express was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson, Pearson, who had lost his sight to glaucoma in 1913, sold the title to


the future Lord Beaverbrook in 1916. It was one of the first papers to place instead of advertisements on its front page along with carrying gossip, sports. It was also the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword puzzle, the Express began printing copies in Manchester in 1927 and in 1931, the publication moved to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook, the newspaper achieved a high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s. Its success was due to its aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers. Beaverbrook also discovered and encouraged an editor named Arthur Christiansen who, at an early age, showed talent for writing. Christiansen became editor in October 1933, under hiseditorial direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. The paper also featured Alfred Bestalls Rupert Bear cartoon and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles which it began publishing in the 1940s, on 24 March 1933, a front page headline titled Judea Declares War on Germany was published by the Daily Express. During the late thirties, the paper was an advocate of the appeasement policies of the Chamberlain government. The ruralist author Henry Williamson wrote for the paper on many occasions for half a century and he also wrote for the Sunday Express at the beginning of his career. In 1938, the moved to the Daily Express Building. It opened a building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street

The Prime Minister of the United


Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime …

Late in the 17th century Treasury Ministers began to attend the Commons regularly. They were given a reserved place, called the Treasury Bench, to the Speaker's right where the Prime Minister and senior Cabinet members sit today.

The House of Commons early 19th century. The Loyal Opposition occupy the benches to the Speaker's left. Seated in the front, the leaders of the opposition form a "Shadow Government", complete with a salaried "Shadow Prime Minister" ready to assume office if the government falls or loses the next election.Incidentally, it's by no means just male students at risk because of the new law. Male professors are at risk, too, as shown by this case, decided under the preponderance of the evidence standard: MSU investigation finds professor sexually harassed student. Let us hope that more professors side with the AAUP in denouncing the new law.

But the most damning condemnation of the new law was posited by a woman who thought she was praising it, found here: "The preponderance standard works well at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, says Sara Peters, director of the Women's Center there. Rulings have come down at times in favor of the accuser, and at other times in favor of the accused. 'If you have a judicial board that is trained to


Comedian Maysoon Zayid is developing a comedy series inspired by her own life at ABC called “Can-Can,” Variety has learned.

The single-camera project follows the life of a Muslim woman who has Cerebral Palsy (Zayid), as she struggles to find love, the right career, and discover who she is separate of her opinionated Muslim parents. ABC has given the project a script commitment with a penalty attached.

Zayid will write and executive produce in addition to starring. Joanna Quraishi will also write and executive produce. “Will & Grace” star Sean Hayes will executive produce along with Todd Milliner via their Hazy Mills production banner. Universal Television, where Hazy Mills is under an overall deal, will produce.

Zayid is an actress, comedian, and disability activist. She was born in New Jersey andAbout Courtney

Courtney S. Crooms was born on January 9th 1992 to Derick and Meshal Crooms in Killeen, Texas. Born into a military family, Courtney, along with her older brother Daniel, traveled quite a bit early on, settling in places from Germany to the Washington D.C. area. Always one of the tallest in her class, Courtney became very active in athletics at an early age. She excelled in volleyball, track & field, and her passion… basketball.

As part of a family that stressed the importance of academics and overall well-roundedness, Courtney excelled in the classroom as well, achieving a 3.5 cumulative GPA throughout her entire middle school career, and would have attended the Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy (SACA) as a student, and member of their lady’s basketball team.

Perhaps most importantly,


and at a young age, Courtney understood the significance of her athletic gifting and talents, and viewed them as gifts from God. She relished every opportunity to compete, and did so admirably. She was active in the praise dance ministries of Interdenomination of Faith, Leesville La: Christian House of Prayer, Copperas Cove, Tx; and Hope Aglow Empowerment Center, Woodbridge, Va. She had recently become a member of New Birth South Metropolitan Church (now Higher Living Christian Church), Morrow, Ga.

On June 25th, 2006 on their way back from North Augusta, South Carolina, and less than two hours after she and her AAU team, the (14U) Atlanta Lady Celtics had just won the championship in their age group at the Garden City Classic Tournament, Courtney and her mother, Meshal werewanted to do was put her headset on, stretch out in the backseat, listen to some music and sleep all the way home.) I looked at her in the mirror and tried to reassure her that I had not jokingly or playfully woken her up as I had done in the past. I told her to put her headset back on and I would wake her once we got into Atlanta. As she disappeared back behind my seat I could tell from the look in her eyes that she didn’t believe me. She was convinced that the voice she heard calling her was from my lips – but it wasn’t.

All of a sudden, the steering wheel of my 2004 SUV pulled to the right and locked in place.


board:

Tushar, who describes himself as ‘shy and a bit introverted’ said he felt relieved upon writing the note. Classmates and fellow-hostelites came up to him to express their support. In the weeks since the incident, he, with the support of friends, lodged a complaint with the university administration. At the time of publishing this note, he is still awaiting formal action in response.

Episodes such as these suggest that even large, supposedly progressive, campuses with support groups and allies, are not immune to bullying and harassment of LGBT students. It raises questions about the ability and willingness of the campus administration to respond swiftly and effectively to complaints received.

The familiarity of the perpetrator with the campus, hostel and locations where he asked the money to be placed, strongly suggestsnot even an option.

The caveats notwithstanding, we applaud Tushar for his courageous response, and stand in solidarity with him and the queer/trans and ally communities at IISc in their efforts to obtain justice.

Tushar is also planning to speak out to his peers on sexuality issues, and hopes that other queer students will find this to be a source of support. He eventually plans to come out to his parents, a rite of passage that – while considered before – hasn’t happened yet.

A shout-out to the friends who have supported him at this time. In the words of Anubhav, a member of the campus LGBT support group Queer IISc who accompanied Tushar to the university administration, “Our friends supported us irrespective of orientation, because a crime is a crime,


UPDATE: Police now say the reported attack on an 11-year-old girl wearing a hijab "described in the original news release did not happen." Full details here.

Previous reporting below

As Toronto police investigate an attack on a 11-year-old Muslim girl this week as a possible hate crime, a human rights advocate says that official statistics provide only a "tiny glimpse" into the kinds of hateful acts minority communities face in Canada.

Khawlah Noman, a student at Pauline Johnson Junior Public School in Scarborough, Ont., was walking to school on Friday morning when a man approached her from behind and tried twice to cut off her hijab with a pair of scissors, according to police.

"For those of us who wear a head scarf, it's like we have a target on us," saidhijab. Then one certainly has to arrive at the conclusion that this is likely motivated by something toward her faith," he told CBC Toronto.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau condemned the attack after speaking at a cabinet retreat in London, Ont. (Nathan Denette/Canadian Press)

Hateful incidents

In response to Noman's harrowing account of the attack, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said that he "can't imagine how afraid she must've been.

"I want her and her family and her friends and community to know that that is not what Canada is."

The assertion is perhaps based on an idyllic notion of Canadian society that is not always reflected in reality, Elghawaby said. While full-fledged hate crimes may be relatively rare, "hateful incidents" — like drivers angrily yelling at her "take off her head scarf" —are not,


she added.

In Ontario, Hamilton is the only city that publishes data on self-reported hateful incidents, providing a clearer picture into the kinds of behaviour minority groups often face in their daily lives.

In her own experience, hateful incidents tend to increase when events involving Muslims are in the news. She expects that a campaign to have January 29 designated as a "national day of remembrance and action on Islamophobia" in honour of six people killed inside a Quebec City mosque on that date in 2017 could fuel a rise in hateful incidents in coming weeks.

Elghawaby said hateful rhetoric and action must be addressed at every level in society if it is to be overcome.

"This is going to require a very holistic approach — at the school level, at thefor more than a year.

Since then, the U.S. and allied countries have used economic sanctions to weaken the Iranian economy and called for Iran to stop developing nuclear capabilities that could be used in warfare. As for Iran as a destination, in a warning updated Nov. 21, the U.S. State Department warned Americans to “carefully consider the risks of travel to Iran” and noted the Iranian officials have detained or imprisoned some American citizens on various charges, including espionage.

Yet the U.S. government has never blocked travel to Iran the way it has restrained travel to Cuba. Thus, when Iran’s new leadership started showing signs of increased openness to the West after Rouhani’s election in June, U.S.-based tour operators quickly saw a jump in curiosity about visiting Iran.

Janet Moore,


owner of the Long Beach-based tour operator Distant Horizons, said she arranged Iranian trips for 50-60 U.S. travelers in 2013. In 2014, she expects that number to be at least 250 people, including three trips in connection with the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia and one with the San Francisco-based Commonwealth Club of California.

Barring disasters, Moore said, in 2015 there will be “even more, because we’ve already got departures for UCLA, Berkeley and Stanford” with other university groups bookings likely.

At San Francisco-based Geo Ex (formerly known as Geographic Expeditions) – which has been taking travelers into Iran since the early 1990s and brought 50-60 Americans there in 2013 -- CEO Jean-Paul Tennant said he’s hoping to double traffic to Iran in 2014.

Though it comes across in the popularI received the distinct pleasure of attending a special Los Angeles screening of Insurgent, the second film in the adaptation of Veronica Roth’s Divergent series. The screening, held at the Pacific Theater at The Grove in Hollywood, was filled with screaming teens, social media influencers and radio station DJs hell bent on riling up the […]


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The LaunchYourCity entrepreneurial platform, which includes elements like Upstart Memphis and the Seed Hatchery startup accelerator, is getting set to leave the EmergeMemphis building Downtown and move to Playhouse on the Square in Midtown.

The LaunchYourCity entrepreneurial platform, which includes elements like Upstart Memphis and the Seed Hatchery startup accelerator, is getting set to leave the EmergeMemphis building Downtown and move to Playhouse on the Square in Midtown.

The LaunchYourCity entrepreneurial platform, which includes elements like Upstart Memphis and the Seed Hatchery startup accelerator, is getting set to relocate out of theOutcomes of children admitted to intensive care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Victoria, Australia.
Paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an uncommon event but is associated with high mortality and severe neurological sequelae among survivors. Most studies of paediatric OHCA are population-based, with very few reports on the cohort admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We sought to determine outcomes and predictors of neurologically intact survival in these children admitted to the PICU. Retrospective analysis of data prospectively collected from the PICU and emergency department (ED) databases and cross-checked with medical records and coronial reports for January 2005 to December 2014. Neurological outcome was assessed using the Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category scale. Survival with a favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. In the 10 years, 283 children


a fall at DME caused by a broken curb in the vicinity of DME's outside break area. She subsequently filed a petition for workers' compensation benefits. She was terminated from her employment approximately seven weeks later, after a number of incidents which she contended were retaliation for filing her claim for benefits. Among the events complained of were reprimands for taking breaks that were longer than allowed (which she contended resulted from her taking prescription medication which required her to drink excessive amounts of liquids thus requiring increased restroom usage), and for refusing to sign the warning notice given to her for that incident. In addition, despite outstanding performance scores, she was overlooked for promotions that were given to newer employees. She was terminated after being advised thatBroncos, Elway impressed with Manning

(Sports Network) - The Denver Broncos, unlike the Arizona Cardinals, are still
in the Peyton Manning sweepstakes.

Manning threw passes for the Broncos on Friday at Duke University and at least one member of the viewing party walked away impressed.

John Elway, the former Broncos quarterback and current executive vice
president of football operations, took to Twitter afterward to express his
pleasure about how the workout unfolded.

"We enjoyed visiting with Peyton today in N.C. He threw the ball great and
looked very comfortable out there," Elway wrote.

"Watching him throw today was the next step in this important process for our
team and Peyton. It was a productive visit and went well."

The Broncos, of course, made the playoffs last season with fan-favorite Tim
Tebow under center, although Elway had to work to dispel


Karate long served the defensive needs of the indigenous population, post annexation this combative method migrated north and evolved into something new.

In its new form the art would be used to inspire and prepare young men to carry out their duty for Emperor and Empire within the Japanese War Machine. During its transmission a number of notable masters and personalities migrated from Okinawa to Japan, particularly to Osaka and Tokyo to teach the willing student body.

Men such as Funakoshi Gichen, Mubuni Kenwa, Miyagi Chojun and Uechi Kanbun all made their impact which is still celebrated today as notable branches of the Karate family. However one man in particular holds pride of place for “practical” minded Karate-ka, a man who in his own way collaborated in the forming ofMotobu was born between 1870 and 1871 and was the third son of Motobu Aji Choshin. Born within a royal lineage Motobu began training in martial arts around 12 years old under Ituso Anako. Due to Motobu’s heritage he was able to gain access to many other masters such as Matsomura Kosaku of Tomari village.

Though it does not seem that he gained his combative abilities solely through training, Motobu was known to venture into Naha’s Tsuji-machi district. Essentially Naha’s red light district Motobu found himself in many “Kakedameshi” or in blunt terms, street fights. Often accused of starting these deliberately it is known that Motobu found himself on the winning side during these encounters.

Motobu by his early 20’s had garnered a reputation for violence but possibly due to


his rank within Okinawan society seems not to have felt the full brunt of the law for his actions. Indeed one story recounts that Motobu apprehended an escaped prisoner using his fighting ability.

Moving to Japan later in his life Motobu opened up a dojo in Osaka and began to take on many students. Being part of that generation of masters who transported the Ryukyuan art to mainland Japan, Motobu found that his methods often attracted students of his contemporises which created great riverarly. In particular Motobu and Gichen Funakoshi had a heated riveraly, this situation between the politically shrewd Funakoshi and the blunt Motobu, might explain many of the negative myths surrounding this master as Funakoshi supports looked to discredit him.

Though during his time Motobu took part inmasters who, on taking the vision of Ituso Anko of an art no longer hidden in the dark , dedicated their lives to spreading this combative theology to the masses and on embracing new printing technology, wrote their knowledge down.

However much of the writing was in support of a version of the art suited to a new world where their little unknown system had to find a place in a society which already had a rich and varied combative culture. This meant that much of the writing of the time still did not fully provide the true extent of the art and often left its combative explanations in an unrealistic world.

Adhering to some of the ritualised markings of the art, Motobu’s kumite drills provide practical responses and teachings


in response to physical violence. Motobu through hundreds of fights understood the differences between a “real” fight and a ring contest.

Through this experience and a deep understanding of Karate, Motobu was able to blend the concepts handed down through Kata and portray it in a tangible way providing a realm of “realism” compared to the rest of his contemporises. A reality we can still learn from today.

About Stewart Squire: The author currently holds a 3rd Dan in Freestyle Karate and has researched a number of other styles of Martial Arts including Kali, Silat, Jun Fan and Muay Thai. An instructor in Applied Karate, accredieted under Sensei Iain Abernethy, the author trains at Kokoro Kai Karate in Dundee, Scotland under Sensei Arthur Clelland and currently trains at Shindo Melbourne,The Car Configurator has no boundaries when personalising your Porsche. Creating a car as individual as you are.

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the Home Office; of the cases looked at by the study, 52% were granted leave to remain.

Charities seeing an increase in the numbers forced into destitution – with some families living on as little as £1 per person per day – argue it is only a matter of time before a tragedy on the scale of Victoria Climbié occurs to a child from a family who has “no recourse to public funds” (NRPF), a criterion for many attempting to regulate their immigration status.

There is a tension between the desire to keep them out of the welfare state and a legal obligation on local authorities

Victoria Climbié, an eight-year-old, was tortured and murdered by her guardians in 2000. Her death led to a public inquiry and produced major changes insites, found that before receiving help from social services, children were “living highly precarious lives”, with families and particularly mothers sometimes subject to exploitation, prostitution and domestic violence.

Local authorities had a legal duty to protect children from destitution, but the report warned that there was evidence councils (which have had their central funding cut by 40% overall since 2010, according to the Local Government Association), were reluctant to assess families referred to them, with many charities arguing they had to threaten with a legal letter before an assessment was carried out.

Jean Demars, housing project lead at Praxis, a charity in Bethnal Green, east London, estimated that 90% of cases they refer are initially knocked back without assessment. According to the report, because of changes to immigration rules there


from an older woman that she could work for her and get an education at the same time. But when she arrived the reality was very different. The woman brought men to the house, and Christiana was forced to have sex with them or she would be thrown into the street. “It was horrible, I didn’t come here for that – I was so scared I had no option but to do what she said,” she says. One night an old man took her to his house, and she refused to do what he wanted – the next day she was homeless.

She slept for several weeks on the streets, trying to avoid men until she finally met a friend and went to live with her. A few yearslater she met a British man, and thought she was in love. “He said for him to help me I needed to get pregnant, so I got pregnant for him but after he would bring women to the house, he said if I said anything he would call the police and get me sent home. I had to move out.” After the birth of her child, she escaped briefly back to the friend, but because she couldn’t support herself the friend refused to help any longer. Finally, she went with her baby and asked social services for help.

After a day of questioning she was sent to a hostel but no one answered the door. She started to cry, and a passing man said she could stay at his


house. “He could have been a killer, he could have killed us both,” she says. Instead he put a roof over her head, and in the morning he and his housemates clubbed together to get her a few pounds to get back to the council offices.

Eventually, she was given a place in a hostel, and £25 in food vouchers a week. Then the local authority told her she had to move to a small Lancashire town, where she now lives with her two-year-old little girl, receiving £50 a week for food, clothes and travel.

“They gave me a train ticket, then I got a bus and the man was waiting with the keys. I’m totally alone here, I don’t know anyone. I’m too scared to leave the house,” shein order to work, and worked as a cleaner to support her and her son. But when she became sick and had to give up work, they had no recourse to public funds. She stayed with friends, but charity soon ran out.

With nowhere to go and a seven-year-old child to support, she went to the local authority and was told that, because she had £1,800 in her bank account, which she had saved for a decade to pay Home Offices fees for her ongoing application for leave to remain, they would offer no support.

With night drawing in, she presented herself at the local police station, where for two nights her and her son slept on the floor. “It was very cold, my son was crying – we are


where a character faces the effect of heat generated by a volcano. The timestamp was identified on the basis of unfurling of hair, and synchronization was performed with an electric heater to generate TEM clip 3. The fourth clip was selected from an online source, where a character ignites fire in a cold environment surrounded by snow. The timestamp for this event was identified and synchronized with an electric heater to generate TEM clip 4. Since tactile sensation, in the selected videos, were felt on the face and hands of the character, therefore fan and heater were placed on the right and left side of the viewer respectively. For cold air effect, a DC fan of 8 inches wing size operated at 10 V in full swing was7
…where she was born in 1820… …who was clever and ambitious… …who really loved his daughter… …where she was a brilliant student… … which she held in her hand…

8
…got her name… …didnt work… …wanted to go to university… …was against… …agreed. …got a good education… …started to work in a hospital. …declared the war on Russia. …became a nursing administrator… …organised hospitals. …called her… …has stayed in history… …saved thousands of lives.

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Florence Nightingale got her name from the city of Florence. At that time women worked hard. Florence liked this lifestyle. She wanted to go to Russia. At first her family was against it. Then her father agreed. She got a good education in Turkey. In 1999 Britain declared war on Russia. Florence became a nurse and organised


museums. The wounded soldiers called her an angel because at night she went from bed to bed with a flower. The princess has stayed in history as the Lady with the lamp She saved thousands of lives.

10
Florence Nightingale was born into a rich, upper-class, well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia,[1] near the Porta Romana at Bellosguardo in Florence, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. Florence's older sister Frances Parthenope (pronounced /pɑrˈθiːnəpɪ/) had similarly been named after her place of birth, Parthenopolis, a Greek settlement now part of the city of Naples.a company located in Waterloo that develops quantum-safe security solutions. The story is a wonderful expose of a growing technology company, but it also clearly portrays the unique advantages of operating a tech business in Waterloo.

In their discussion with Scott Totzke, Chief Executive Officer & Co-Founder of ISARA, he admits that "he could have been a "brain drain" Canadian statistic – that is, leaving Canada to build his business in Silicon Valley. However, he is glad the reverse happened."

He states, "We already had talent here, available capital, an industry that had been working on quantum computing very publicly for almost two decades."

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A finalist to be the next director of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation once settled a lawsuit with a woman who claims she was fired for refusing to keep quiet about his "illegal and improper" activities, NewsChannel 5 Investigates has learned.

Former Bradley County Sheriff Tim Gobble was one of three names sent to the governor last week by the state's TBI nominating commission. He currently serves on the Tennessee Board of Parole.

If the panel had done any investigation, they would have found the lawsuit and the never-reported settlement of the case.

"Sometimes, suits are settled for all sorts of reasons," Gobble told NewsChannel 5 Investigates during a telephone interview Monday. "There was no admission of wrongdoing."

As Gobble appeared before the TBI nominating commission last Tuesday, there was no hintabout the controversies that have dogged him wherever he goes.

He told NewsChannel 5 that he was prepared to answer questions about those controversies, but he was never asked.

One of those controversies involved his abrupt resignation from the U.S. Secret Service in 2004. It came amid questions about conflicts with his elected job as a Cleveland city councilman.

Gobble confirmed to NewsChannel 5 Investigates that he was facing an internal investigation at the time of his resignation.

"There was no conclusion on that matter," he said.

In 2006, Gobble was elected Bradley County sheriff, and he would end up facing a lawsuit two years later from former employee Cheryl Rich.

Just after Gobble was elected, Rich's lawsuit claimed, he ordered her to find a job for his wife - eventually naming her the


assistant to his assistant - in violation of the county's nepotism policy.

As sheriff, he claimed that he had the right to set his own policy.

Rich testified that Gobble told her, "I used to make over $100,000 at the Secret Service and I need to supplement my income."

Gobble wanted his wife put on a salary "so she could 'come and go from the office as she desired," Rich said in a sworn affidavit.

This controversy follows questions raised by a TBI whistleblower last fall over the hiring of Deputy Director Jason Locke's son as a special agent.

Locke is another one of the finalists to be TBI director.

After the lawsuit was filed against Gobble, the then-sheriff denied on his YouTube page that he had done anything wrong.

"No one has ever beenpaid for time that they did not work, nor have I requested anyone to be paid in such a way," he insisted, calling the lawsuit "frivolous, false and without merit."

But a federal judge concluded: "Plaintiff's allegations suggest corruption in the expenditure of public funds."

The judge added, "There is no suggestion that other candidates were evaluated for the position of Defendant's assistant's assistant. Nor is there any indication that the creation of such a position was warranted."

After the federal judge refused to dismiss the lawsuit, NewsChannel 5 discovered, Gobble's county lawyer settled the case -- under terms that, Gobble said, are secret, although he still insisted that he did nothing wrong.

Still, the TBI nominee denied that it was a mistake in judgment for him to have hired his wife.

His


Bradley County attorney, Thomas E. LeQuire, did not return NewsChannel 5's call.

But that lawsuit wasn't the end to Gobble's controversies.

He later went to work as the city manager for the small town of East Ridge, near Chattanooga.

There, he faced allegations of hiring an unqualified church friend for a job, questions about his discipline of a city court clerk for allegedly mishandling a case involving his own daughter and controversy over arguments with citizens on Facebook.

Rather than firing him and facing an expensive court battle, town leaders bought out his contract.

Gobble told NewsChannel 5 that it was just politics and, again, that he did nothing wrong.

Gov. Bill Haslam recently said his office would conduct its own investigation and interview the three nominees before making an appointment.

In addition to GobbleBLASTN was imposed (stringent selection), while in the other there was no match-length requirement in BLASTN (relaxed selection). Corresponding gene families constructed under the two criteria were compared and classified into all possible types of gene families (total 3^3^= 27). Of these, only those types of gene families (12) where at least one gene is present under both criteria, and where at least one gene changes its state under the two criteria, are shown. They are coded as filled circles (present under both criteria), empty circles (absent under both criteria) and half-filled circles (absent under the stringent criterion and present under the relaxed criterion). Numbers in the figure indicate the number of patchily distributed gene families that change their state when under two different selection criteria. The last


Athletic Club’s Future Is Bright At Right-Back

Just a few years ago there was major concern regarding Athletic Club’s ability to replace legend Andoni Iraola at the right-back position. Players like Unai Bustinza spent time trying to make the role theirs while the Lions also brought back Eneko Bóveda to compete for the position. In the end, it was Oscar De Marcos who earned a new place in the starting lineup after spending the bulk of his career as a winger and attacking midfielder. Since the transition De Marcos has played at a very high level and has become the unquestioned starting right-back at the San Mamés. A position that once looked to be in danger is now one of the strongest at Athletic Club and promises a compellingfullback and wing positions, he has definitely looked his best on the right side of the defense.

Eneko Bóveda offers a third option at right-back and is the most defensive-minded of the three. While De Marcos and Lekue are very capable going forward and joining the attack, Bóveda is a more traditional defender that has also spent time at center-back. Between the three there is plenty of coverage on the right side of the defense and that has made it one of the strongest and deepest positions in the squad. That being said, there are also a handful of players coming through Lezama that should have fans excited about what the future may hold.

Markel Etxeberria is now a well-known player due to his time at Bilbao Athletic and could


be the next player in line at right-back. After an uneventful loan spell at Real Valladolid last year, the 22-year-old has joined Numancia for this season and has already made his first start. Etxeberria looked strong in his first game with the team and is working hard to make his case for a full promotion at Athletic next summer. Although he hasn’t been able to carve out a path to the San Mamés yet, he has shown great potential due to his defensive prowess, high football IQ, and fantastic crossing ability.

Taking a deeper look into Lezama, there is currently a really interesting positional battle going on at Bilbao Athletic this season. After being promoted to the reserve side last year, Jon Sillero is ready for a starting rolein the team and has been in the lineup for both matches to start the new season. The 19-year-old joined Lezama back in 2011 and has been one of the top names at the academy ever since. He is now on the cusp of making his debut and was even able to play with the first team in a few friendlies over the preseason. Having coached and helped him develop, Ziganda knows Sillero really well and may already be planning his future at the San Mamés.

Jon Sillero could be the next right-back to join the first team (Athletic Club)

If there is one player that can overtake Sillero at Bilbao Athletic it would be newcomer Jesus Areso. Fans may remember that Areso was purchased from Osasuna over the summer


by paying his release clause of €450,00 which angered the Pamplona-based side. The 18-year-old has featured prominently for Spain’s youth levels and is a well-rounded right-back that can do everything. He is quick, can join the attack, and is a capable defender. In fact, Areso was supposed to spend the preseason with Osasuna’s first team before accepting the offer to join Athletic. He and Jon Sillero will spend this season battling for the starting role at Bilbao Athletic and it will only make both of them better players.

While there are certainly other right-backs coming through Lezama that could one day be playing at the San Mamés, the last one that surely needs to be mentioned is Alvaro Nuñez. The 17-year-old recently competed with Athletic’s U17 squad at theVacation or not

A bench in the park. 12:00 PM. Photo: JH.

Tuesday, June 30, 2015. Beautiful day, yesterday in New York with the temperatures in the mid-70s accompanied by an occasional breeze and no humidity. I get the feeling from my traveling around town that the Fourth holiday is already underway for a lot of people. Not surprising; vacation-time begins for a lot of us.

The nabe, looking south on East End Avenue at 5:25 yesterday afternoon.

Vacation or not there’s always something of interest going on in the Big Town.

Sam Friend of the New Orleans Swamp Donkeys Jazz Band.

For example, last Friday night Gigi and Harry Benson went down to Soho House where the New Orleans Swamp Donkeys Jazz Band was playing.

The Band was started by Sam Friend. Harry heard


about him through Sam’s father David Friend the Vanity Fair editor.

The band is on their way to their 2nd European tour with stops at the Edinburgh Festival and a Fourth of July celebration in London at Ronnie Scott’s legendary club.

They are all young guys – in their 20s – and engaged in the pleasure of introducing real New Orleans jazz to a younger audience – who naturally are getting it.

Shown here before they jumped into the Soho House pool and continued playing into the night are Harry’s photos of the band:

Catching up. Last Thursday a week, Alex Sanger and Jeannette Watson Sanger hosted a book signing reception at their Madison Square Park apartment to celebrate Kevin Kwan's critically acclaimed new novel “China Rich Girlfriend.” The story is theKevin Kwan, and Lief Anne Stiles.

Joyce Ravid, Jeannette Watson Sanger, Brad Gooch, and Lionel Tiger.

Kevin Kwan showing Michele Oka Doner the page where her name appears in his book.

Author Deborah Davis and Mark Urman.

Rising young actor Daniel K. Isaac.

Hanne Marit Normann and Louise Lindegaard, out for the count.

More catching up: On Thursday, June 18th, The New York Landmarks Conservancy held its 2015 Chairman’s Award Luncheon at The Metropolitan Club. The Chairman’s Award recognizes exceptional individuals, organizations, and businesses that have demonstrated their dedication to protecting New York’s rich architectural heritage.

In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the New York City Landmarks Law, The Conservancy presented its 2015 Chairman’s Award to Dr. Michael Horodniceanu, President, MTA Capital Construction, the largest municipal construction organization in the country, and Robert A.M.


Stern, Founder and Senior Partner of Robert A.M. Stern Architects and Dean of the Yale School of Architecture.

The groundbreaking Landmarks Law was signed by New York City Mayor Robert Wagner on April 19, 1965, partly in response to the destruction of the original Penn Station in 1963. The law protects individual historic landmarks and neighborhoods from hasty decisions to raze or significantly change their character. It also established a permanent Landmarks Preservation Commission, which has granted landmark protection status to buildings, sites, and historic districts in all five boroughs.

The New York Landmarks Conservancy has led the effort to preserve and protect New York City’s architectural legacy for more than 40 years. Since its founding, the Conservancy has loaned and granted more than $40 million, which has leveraged morethe event of bank failure, the state under EU regs guarantees deposits up to a certain amount. But are there any conditions to this? Must they be saving account deposits or do current account deposits apply too, for example?
Further, which state guarantees the account? The state where the account holder is resident, the state where the bank account is, or the state of the bank account's company, or something else (eg: an EU fund)? (And for extra bonus points, how, if at all, is that affected by Brexit?)

A:

The limit is €100,000, or the equivalent in the local currency.  So it's £85,000 in the UK.  That's guaranteed by the state where the bank is registered to do its business.
The guarantee applies to any personal cash savings accounts,


days after the Academy Awards Psihoyos was back stirring things up.

Using the same cameras that were used to expose illegal dolphin hunters, Psihoyos and his team busted The Hump, a Santa Monica, California restaurant that had secretly been serving sushi made from the endangered sei whale.

"Everything in the ocean from the great whales to dolphins to plankton is being jeopardized," Psihoyos tells Reason.tv. "We're raping and harvesting the ocean unsustainably."

Overfishing "could mean the end of certain species," agrees UC-Santa Barbara's Costello. He points out that about a third of the world's fisheries have already collapsed, and many more are heading toward the same fate. Costello says the world's fisheries are in such bad shape because of the same reason public restrooms are typically foul places: "Nobody owns them.Plaintiff, the chairperson for the Voting Justice Committee, acted as an election
challenger to the November 7, 2017 general election in Detroit, Michigan. On Election Day,
plaintiff observed the processing of absentee ballots at Cobo Hall in the Absentee Voter
Processing Board room. She observed the signatures on absentee ballot envelopes get verified
by comparison to the voter’s signature on their absentee voter application, which was accessible
on the Qualified Voter File (QVF) on six computers located in the room. At around 3:15 p.m.,
plaintiff witnessed colored photocopies of absentee ballot envelopes being brought into the room
rather than the actual envelopes. These were used for verification. Plaintiff was informed by
two supervisors of the processing room that the actual envelopes were checked using the QVF at
the Department of Elections office located on West Grand Boulevard.