growing ties between India, the world's largest democracy and the US, the world's most powerful one.

Swati Narayan

Manpreet Singh

More than 50,000 people -- and dozens of elected officials -- are expected to turn up at the "Howdy, Modi" rally and the fervor in the Houston Indian community is undeniable. Hundreds of organizations have put in thousands of hours in preparation for this event, which has been featured on billboards around the city.

But deep in the heart of Texas, not all of us are thrilled to see Modi and Trump in our backyard. Both leaders have stoked divisions within their respective countries, and enacted troubling policies that chip away at democracy. And as tempting as it might be to celebrate "Howdy Modi" as a moment for the Indian American communityTwo foreign students arrested Saturday in New Bedford for allegedly violating their student visas are from Kazakhstan and may have known the brothers accused of bombing the Boston Marathon, according to a statement from the nation’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

FBI and Homeland Security agents wearing hazmat suits descended on the students’ neighborhood on Monday and searched their apartment, according to media reports in New Bedford.

Kazakhstan’s foreign ministry said US immigration officials discovered the students while investigating the Tsarnaev brothers’ “possible links and contacts,’’ particularly those who studied with them. The students – two men — are being held in Boston, according to the ministry and a US official.

“During the investigation, it was revealed that two students from Kazakhstan had violated the U.S. visa regime in the course of


their studies. They were consequently arrested until the full clarification of the circumstances is achieved,’’ the ministry said in a statement.

The New Bedford students are being held on civil immigration violations, not criminal charges, which is why federal officials have not disclosed their names to the public. US immigration officials usually withhold the names of immigrant detainees purportedly to protect their privacy, even though detainees are often held in the same jails as criminals.

Kazakhstan’s consul is in Boston to work with the students, their families and US authorities, according to the ministry. The oil-producing nation of 17 million people was formerly a part of the Soviet Union. The United States was the first nation to recognize the nation’s independence in 1991, federal records show.

On Monday, Kazakhstan officials assuredthe United States that they were willing to cooperate on issues of terrorism. “We would like to reaffirm our openness to cooperation with the United States on the issue and emphasize that Kazakhstan strongly condemns terrorism and acts of terrorism in any form,’’ the embassy said.


Still dreaming: The Jamaican bobsleigh team in action in Calgary, Canada, last year (Picture: Paul Skog)

It’s the impossible dream that just won’t fade away. Four men, who had never seen snow until they reached their 20s, are plotting a happy ending to one of sports most endearing stories at next month’s Winter Olympics.

Some 26 years after the first ever Jamaican bobsleigh team captured the imaginations of fans by going for gold at the Calgary Games in Canada, a new generation of hopefuls is dreaming of a podium finish in Sochi, Russia.

At the 1988 Winter Olympics, the Jamaican team of Dudley Stokes, Devon Harris, Michael White and Nelson Stokes were the underdogs in the bobsleigh competition (Picture: Bill Eppridge /Sports Illustrated/Getty Images)

The original team – Devon Harris, Dudley Stokes,Michael White and Nelson Stokes – were the ultimate underdogs… a team of sprinters from the Caribbean island, who tried their luck on the ice and failed miserably by crashing off the course on one of their four runs.

Their hard luck story at the 1988 Winter Games was later immortalised in the 1993 film Cool Runnings, starring John Candy.

But, after failing to qualify in 2006 and 2010, the Jamaicans hope to try their luck once again.

The new hopefuls – Marvin Dixon, Hanukkah Wallace, both 31, Wayne Blackwood, 42, and Winston Watts, 46 – aim to finish inside the qualifying zone by the January 20 deadline.

Driver Watts admits he was terrified the first time he climbed into a bobsleigh in 1993.

‘It was horrible. I said to myself, “Why am


position. He has since confirmed that he's moved to the new Google robotics team, currently headed by ex-Android head honcho Andy Rubin.

In November of 2007 we announced the Open Handset Alliance with 34 founding members. Today, I'm grateful to the over 85 OHA members who have helped us build Android and drive innovation at such an incredible pace. The Android ecosystem has seen tremendous growth since the launch of the very first Android device in October 2008.

Now that Andy Rubin himself has officially snubbed what were apparently rather strong rumors of Google opening its own retail stores in the US, there's a lot of humdrum floating around about whether or not a Google Store would actually make sense.

On the one hand, with its increasing arsenal of hardware productsyear campaigned on getting big money out of politics, and Bill 1 passed by the new government banned corporate and union donations.

Alberta is looking to further tighten the rules around election donations, though an all-party committee was dissolved after it failed to agree on donation limits.


as you know around here, it’s more a matter of when, not if.”

Jenkinson spent the meeting chatting with familiar and new faces, sharing tips with the group.

He drew a diagram on a whiteboard displaying the critical areas around a home. At 30 feet, residents should remove low-lying plants full of sap. Machinery, such as snowmachines, are to be moved away from the house. At 60 feet, clumps of trees, woodpiles and gas tanks are acceptable, but the grass is best kept short. At 100 feet, denser vegetation is common, although property owners should thatch tall dead grass if possible, Jenkinson advised.

He also advised to avoid burning yard debris. FireWise members are available to call and haul slash to the nearby Aurora Gravel Pit.

The cities of Kenai and SoldotnaA case of Turner syndrome with schizophrenia: genetic relationship between Turner syndrome and psychosis.
An 82-year-old woman with Turner syndrome and schizophrenia, and her 46-year-old daughter with schizophrenia are described. 45X/46XX chromosomal mosaicism was identified in the peripheral leukocytes of the mother, who showed several Turner dysmorphisms and cavum septi pellucidum in the brain. She had a normal reproductive life-span. The daughter resembled the mother in terms of schizophrenic symptoms, but she did not show any signs of Turner dysmorphism or chromosomal abnormality. The phenotype-karyotype relationship of Turner syndrome and the genetic relationship with psychosis are discussed.


Arsenal are considering a move for Barcelona’s Pep Segura as new Head of Youth, but could yet face competition from a series of leading Premier League clubs.

The Emirates hierarchy have been pondering alterations to leadership roles in their academy set-up for a number of months, particularly due to disappointing results by their sides. The club got knocked out of the 2016-17 Youth Cup at just the third-round stage, in a 1-0 defeat to Blackburn Rovers, a performance considered unacceptable given the quality of the player in the set-up.

Arsenal have been monitoring a series of options to come in and head up their entire academy structure, but Segura has emerged as a leading candidate.

The 56-year-old Catalan is one of the most highly-rated youth coaches in the game, and waspreviously Technical Manager at Liverpool’s Academy from 2009 to 2012, before moving to Barcelona as Head of their Professional Phase.

The role involves overseeing the production of players through the Catalan club’s famed La Masia youth set-up, as well as the effective reserve side of Barcelona B, and Segura has earned a lot of admiration for his work done in the last year. Both Barcelona B and Juvenil A, the side that represent the final stage of progression for youth players, are currently top of their leagues.


through the dusty blinds in her room. It was as if the apocalypse happened, the world turned upside down, and she was the only one to see it.

The truth was revealed to her slowly. Flashes here and there until she was convinced for a short time she was looney as a toon. Slowly the world as it is filtered in until all she saw was reality. Death and decay hiding beneath a veneer of grey paint. Color leached from the world as if it never existed. Frightening monsters lurked in shadows looking for anything…anyone different. Strange animals stalked the streets preying on the unsuspecting, the old and the weak. People wandered to and from meaningless jobs like zombies and everyone she talked to expected her to pretend itwas all okay. Even Television shows insisted on the old reality, trying their best with script and myriads of grey to convince everyone nothing had changed.

“…joining us now in Olde Towne East, correspondent Matthias Dulaney. Matthias, what can you tell us right now?”She turned to watch the screen, as colorless as everything else in the world, while the news casters chattered on. Old Towne East wasn’t far from her. Maybe a block or two. It was a hodge podge of dilapidated old buildings owned by either low income housing or yuppies actively fixing them up. The man on the screen was pointing at the carcass of a homeless man…or woman. It was hard to tell. The body had been flayed and field dressed, meat and limbs hacked off


her body. The rope was hand braided by her on long nights trying to keep from screaming back at the endless moans. She checked the edge on her machete looking for nicks and making sure it was sharp enough to cut through bone. She prided herself on a clean kill. A tranq gun would have been great, but she had trouble convincing the deluded store owners it was necessary for survival.

Once she tried. Once she spent hours talking to a gun store owner trying to convince him of the truth. Nothing she did convinced him. In the end she left in tears wondering how long this good man was going to live. She truly cared about him and his miserable life, but he called the people. The ones,that for whatever reason, wanted everyone to see the lies. She spent the rest of the day running from men with smiling masks made of skin and preternaturally clean, light colored, jackets. Ironically that was the scariest thing about them. What exactly did one have to do to stay that clean in a world of dirt, gore, and decay? She shivered just thinking about it.

She donned her Alice in Wonderland baby doll dress with the puffed shoulders and the micro skirt that flared almost a foot out with the help of a petty coat, her knee high zippered boots, and thigh high stockings. It seemed ridiculous, but the dress was made out of some stain resistant material. Water and blood beaded right off, and with such a short


skirt it was only prudent to make sure her legs were fully covered. The outfit had the added benefit of being easy to run in, and full mobility of all her limbs.

It was time to go. Get this unenviable task done and she could enjoy the rest of her day. Well enjoy it as much as one could enjoy anything in a grey world.

Five flights down. She looked down the kaleidoscope center of the winding antique stair case. Once it would have been beautiful. The sun shining on polished wood banisters, pristine paint a stark relief. Now it was dirty, creaky stairs worn and bowed in the center. Rat holes and spiders the only decoration. She made her way down wishing she could have seen the building inthe nebulous before time.

Outside the main doors, barely on their hinges, she staggered and fell back against the brick. Dizziness overcame her and she was rewarded with a rare flash of insanity. For a moment; just a moment, the street was filled with people. They were all dressed in the lively colors that make up a city on a busy day. Smiles, laughter, music, talking, new cars and old cars side by side on a busy street intent on their destinations. Children playing hopscotch while grandma's and elderly aunts looked on from porches. She could even smell the long dead peach roses next door suddenly back to life.It threw her off balance, and for that moment she wasn't quite sure which world was real. The people started to


gather around her in a loose cluster, all of them had horrified looks on their faces, one young man had his brow scrunched up in worry an arm reached out to her. There were gasps and murmurs about gore on her dress…

And then it was gone.

Reality came crashing in, and she found herself surrounded by tired looking pale zombies who didn't quite look at her. They listed as one to the left. Taking a breath she stomped hard and growled at them. They scattered, grey tattered clothing trailing behind them.

"What the hell was that?" she muttered and stole away to the alley. Beasts didn’t like crowds. They cowered in the shadows and attacked you from behind. It was the best hunting ground. In the dark alleys you didn'teyes red and steam coming from a well chewed nose. It was big. One of the bigger beasts she'd seen. Normally she wouldn't have tried, but she kept thinking, this one would feed for her a good month or more. She wouldn't have to do this again for a long time if she managed. She didn't even think about how she would get it home and store the meat, intent only on the kill. All other problems could wait.

She watched it. Studied how it moved. Gauged speed and size. Judged distance. Watched the long folds of leathery skin hanging off like ill fitting clothing. If she could grab one of those, she could, if she timed it just right, propel herself up onto its back. From there she


could make a clean kill by slitting the throat. She gathered herself up on her haunches ready to leap and waited for the last possible moment. It was almost past her.

Her honed reflexes did their job. Without even much thought, she leaped, catching more air than should have been possible, gripping her hands in its skin. Her feet barely touched ground before lifting off again, pulling and lifting herself up its back. Her feet found purchase in another fold of skin and she pushed off scrambling up high enough to grab a tuft of fur at the top of its head. The beast bellowed something fierce and tried to dislodge her. She nicked its neck in her first swipe. She had to get the jugular before it hada chance to fight too hard.

The beast slammed its back, and her with it, against the wall, making as much noise as possible. Poor, sad, beast. It had no concept that no one would come to help. The second slam made her head bang against the brick making the world swim for a moment. It was long enough for it to reach behind and drag her around, leg first. She was dangling there by one leg when she heard the warbling bleats of the Baaculas. The beast dropped her and backed up a few steps. There was a pack of them, staring at her, drool making their chins moist.

Good luck for the beast. It might live another day. She, on the other hand, had to get out of


there fast. She got to her feet slowly, waiting for them to descend on her, but all they did was watch, and bleat…and drool. Adrenalin was her friend. She managed to feint left and then make to the top of the stoop on the right. She bounded over to the trash can, it's rubber lid closed on one half, and from there to the ground right behind them. She ran, the maze of between spaces coming to life in her head as she raced. They gave chase for a short while, but she kept going until the only sound was her labored breathing and blood rushing in her ears.

So much for a month's worth of meat. It would be a long time before a score like that camealong again. Giving herself a moment to calm down she rested against one of the dirty walls. It was…moist. If her side didn’t hurt so much she would have retched. As it was she choked back bile. Who knew what manner of liquid was decorating the walls.

It was only a minute later, maybe not even a minute, but she heard movement to her left. Checking the grip on her blade and stretching her limbs to make sure they were ready she slowly eased out into the ally. She had to find food fast or she'd starve tonight and who knew when the weather would be right to try again.

A little one, the size of an actual sheep lumbered about in the shadows. Wooly white fleece and little black


feet and hands stuck out like a sore thumb in the sea of dirt the city called alleyways. It was almost cute…until it turned around. Cyndee almost let it go until she saw the face. Fangs and bloody drool slid down its face reminding her what it would turn into…what it had already become. Something in her snapped. Normally she didn’t bother with the little ones unable to tell them apart from children, but this one already likely covered in its first kill broke some small part of her.

"Small," she said to the wind. "But at least I'll eat. And at least it won't kill again."

It started to back away, but she lunged, her reflexes faster than this small beast. It only took a moment. Much faster thanit should have been, but she wrapped her arms around it and slid her knife along the throat. Warm, fragrant blood, black as oil, smelling of filth poured down her arms as the first few drops of rain started to fall. All the better. The stench would be washed away. The beast didn't scream, didn't utter a sound. It only stared, wide eyed while it struggled for breath. A single shudder was all the fight it had before the head went slack and the eye no longer saw. The rain picked up and she shoved the whole body in her bag figuring it was small enough to butcher at home.

She moved through the streets like a ghoul herself, back and head weighed down by the rain and her


inky bloody bag. She wasn't as far from home as she thought, and found herself back at the old staircase in less than a mile. Even so she was drenched like a drowned rat, and felt not much better.

Alone in her apartment, closed off from the world in her bathroom, she emptied the bag into the tub and began the grisly task of breaking down the beast for meat. "At least it's tender, even if it doesn't last long," she sighed cutting through the velveteen meat. It didn’t' take long before it was cut, packaged and stored. She saved a hunk of ham to boil into soup for dinner and threw the head in with the kitchen trash. She showered in part to clean herself and in partto make sure all the black blood went down the drain. She normally didn't do this at home. Too messy.

Showered and changed, the apartment fragrant with herbs and meat she finally relaxed and turned on the TV.

Matthias Dulaney, investigative reporter extraordinaire was on the screen again with his arm around a crying woman. She wore and OTENA t-shirt, either proudly a part of the Olde Towne East Neighborhood Association, or not caring what thrift store shirt she had on. The nearby police station was behind her. She held up a picture of a beautiful boy with bright shining eyes.

"…Please if you know anything call the number," she pleaded. "Brandon is only seven years old and diabetic. He needs his medicine!""For those just tuning in, this is Matthias Dulaney


live, once again, in Olde Towne East. Seven year old Brandon White is missing. He was thought to have been taken when he wandered into an ally near his home. Please call 1-800-The-Missing if you have any information…""Some people," she muttered stirring her soup. In this world you should never let your children out alone. Hell you should never have children in the first place these days.

There was a quick knock at the door making her jump before it opened and Nick walked in. "It's just Me," he announced.

"You scared me!" she laughed at him and brought her attention back to the stove. Nick was one of the few people she could stand to be around. He was a little nuts like everyone else. He sure didn't seereality, but he saw more truth than most and didn't insist she'd lost her mind. He probably thought she had, but he never put in her face. Besides, it was nice to have company on the long nights. With him she could pretend she didn't hear the screams in the darkness. He also sometimes brought her fresh fruit and vegetables. How he acquired them she didn't ask afraid of the answer.

"Did you hear about that kid?" he asked glancing at the TV while the famous Mr. Dulaney rattled off what the child was wearing that day and again how to contact the police."Yeah," she sighed. "It's too bad. He was very young.""So you think he's dead?""In this world?" she looked at him mildly."Point taken," he remarked walking over


and grabbing a spoon out of a drawer. "Whatchya got cookin'…good lookin'." He flashed her a boyish grin and she laughed."Soup," she answered while he helped himself to a taste."Mmmm, that's good. How do you do that?""It's all in the meat," she laughed. "They may be ugly as sin but they sure taste good.""Moooooooo!" he cackled struck by how silly her comment was. "Well go look if you don't believe me. Its head is in the trash." She pulled out a good chopping knife and cut up some wild tomatoes she'd found a few days before."You have its head?" he crinkled his nose. "Here?""I don't normally bring them home, but it started raining," she shrugged."In here?" he pointed at the trash with a mischievous smile.She nodded.

He pulled backthe lid and stared for a few minutes completely silent. Hadn't he ever seen one of the beasts before? It was possible she supposed. Most didn't. He put the lid back on slowly and turned to stare at her and then the pot. He started to shake and all the blood drained out of his face.

"Nick? Are you all right?" she asked. He shook his head violently and started retching. "Oh my god, Nick, what's wrong?" She moved towards him with the knife still in hand. He backed away so fast he stumbled over the furniture. "Are you sick?""Yes," he managed."Why don't you sit down?""N-no, I think I need to go home now," he started for the door."Are you sure?""Yes," he said running for the door and slamming


it open. "Home!""I'll save you some soup!" she called after him thinking some broth would be just what he needed. She could hear his retches echoing down the hallway. Poor guy.

She settled in to an old movie and a bowl of her hard won soup.

It was maybe an half an hour later when someone knocked on her door. Who in the hell? "Nick? Is that you?" she called before getting up. If she didn't know them they weren't getting in.

She heard a cough and then, "Yes!""Oh good," she got up and ladled a cup of just broth. "I have that broth for you—"

She opened the door and startled so bad she tossed the cup behind her in a panic to back up. Nick was there, surrounded by baahculasand People in white coats.

"Cyndee? Ma'am?" one shouted at her as Nick was thrust to the side behind one of the slavering beasts.

"No!" she screamed as hands reached for her. There were too many of them. She wasn't prepared or armed. "Let me go!" she pleaded as she was tackled to the ground. Knees pressed the side of her head and her shoulder to the floor with bruising pressure. Noise was everywhere as hooves and booted feet charged into the room. Shouts and growls surrounded her in a swirl until she was unsure if the beasts spoke and the white jackets growled or vice versa.

One of the beasts opened her trash can and screamed. Words seemed to form from the fanged mouth as spittle sprayed over all that


were near. None of them noticed or flinched. There was a pregnant pause followed by her being unceremoniously lifted. Beasts held her arms while the people wrapped her up in bindings like a reverse coat. Cyndee screamed over and over begging for help. "Nick! Help me!" He had to be there somewhere. If there were two of them she might have a chance. "Nick!"

His hands came into view and he took her face in both of them gently, shocking her while her arms were pulled uselessly against her and her feet bound. "I am," he said softly with real tears in his eyes. She kicked and screamed and struggled as they carried her away, not caring if it was useless. If she was going down, she was goingdown fighting. They half hurled her onto an ambulance gurney and strapped her down until she couldn't move. A pin prick on the side of her neck made her flinch against her bindings.

The world slowly went dark and the last thing she saw was the head of Columbus's own Matthais Dulaney of Channel Six getting out of his van across the street and the zombies of the city crowding around. For a spit second before all went dark they looked like real people and the world was alive with color.

***

A man in a suit with a long trench coat and a badge hooked to his belt held a hand over his mouth while he looked in the trash can. The apartment was sparklingly clean if old and ill


Arcana presented by JEA. Cover by Michael Fisher, Edited by Amanda M. Lyons!

This short story was originally published on the now gone Yahoo! Contributor Network. It is a good summary of how I view the myriad of faiths in this world.

The Traveler

The traveler walked down the path. He couldn't remember having started on his journey, he only remembered walking. He didn't know where he was going, or where he had come from. It seemed to him that he had walked from time out of mind. He never stopped walking because all he knew was this path and that he was supposed to walk. It never occurred to him to stop or go the other way. The traveler slowly became aware that he had been walking a long timeand began to wonder where he was going. It seemed to him that there must be a purpose to all this walking and journeying. Where was this path taking him? Every now and again he would come to a crossroads. He didn't know where the other paths led so he was afraid of them and simply moved on, but he did ponder what those paths might look like. One day he came to giant hill, so high he couldn't see the top. He thought if he could just reach the top maybe he would see where he was going. So the traveler climbed and climbed for many days, until it seemed there was no end at all, but just when he was ready to give up, he reached


the top and felt he could touch the clouds. He stood atop the hill and looked at all of creation before him. He could see the forests and streams and the mountains. Far, far into the distance there was a golden city that filled his soul with warmth. He watched the sun and moon and skies and earth around this city with great longing. He knew he belonged in the golden city. All around the city were paths of every kind, some dark jewels breathing of night stars, some brightly colored as rainbows, some as pure and luminous as pearls, and others as simple and relaxing as floating on a mountain stream, but each one different and each one with its own beauty. The traveler searched as faras he could see and found that all the paths led to the golden city. What this meant he didn't know but he was content to walk again because he knew his path would get him there. One day he came upon an old woman standing in the road crying. The traveler stopped and stared for a long time. In all his days he had never seen another person. He had no idea that other people had walked the path too. Stunned he was afraid to approach her, but she seemed so sad and he wanted to understand why. Carefully he walked to her and asked her what was wrong. "I'm blind!" she proclaimed. "The road was here, I know it was," she fretted, "but I cannot find


it and now I am so old I cannot even see." "I can see the path," the traveler said. "You can walk with me." This made the old woman smile. He took her arm and they walked together. "Why are you blind?" he asked her after a time. "I have forgotten," she told him. "I used to know where I was going but then I stopped walking and I forgot where I was or where I wanted to go and then my eyes became too dark to see." The traveler thought about this for awhile and then told her of all the things on the path around them and of the golden city he had seen high on a hill. Slowly her eyes began to clear and aftera time she could see as well as he did and set off on her own path. Again the traveler walked alone, but for the first time he knew there were others. It occurred to him as he stopped to rest, that if there was a person on the path ahead of him there might be others behind him. It might be nice for them to know they were not alone after all. In the morning he gathered some berries and left them with a simple note. "Please eat these and ease your hunger." Leaving the gift made him happy so he made another. He gathered water from a clear stream. "Please drink this so you won't be thirsty." He made a bed. "Please rest here so you'll


be stronger tomorrow." He even left a bundle of bright flowers. "Please take these and brighten your heart." The traveler made many gifts always smiling when he thought of what the people would do when they found them. Another day he came upon a man weighed down by a large burden. The man struggled with it, his eyes crinkled shut in strain his body heavily bowed and unable to move. It seemed all of creation was on his shoulders. "Help!" he cried. "It is too heavy! I cannot bear it!" and he fell to his knees. Overcome with emotion the traveler ran to the man and tried to help him up, but no matter how much he tried he could not get the man to his feet. "Letme help you carry this," the traveler said and finally the man was able to stand. Together they walked holding the burden. As they walked the burden got smaller and smaller, each step a little piece of it seemed to melt away. The traveler and the man walked together and talked of many things. The traveler told him about the golden city and together they made gifts for those that would come after them. One day the man's burden was gone and he turned down his own path with a light heart. The traveler met many people on his way and with each one he learned something. He met hate, and greed, and sadness. But all these people were not bad, they simply needed help on their path.


He walked for a long time helping those he met and leaving gifts. One day when it seemed the traveler was no longer a young man and had walked so long he thought he'd lived a hundred years, the path around him began to change. The world became filled with a bright golden light and soon his feet were walking on nothing but luminous air. As he floated in the loving golden mist he realized that the golden city wasn't at the end of the path…it was everywhere all the time. "What do you wish of me?" the creator asked, the sound vibrating in the traveler's very soul. The traveler only had one wish. "I wish to go back," he said. "You do not wish to be withme?" the creator asked "But you are everywhere," the traveler said. "I am still with you if I go back, and I want to see the other paths and leave gifts." The golden light grew even brighter and filled the traveler with a joy he had never known before. "As you wish," the creator said. The traveler lived his days wandering from path to path helping those he found, leaving gifts and telling everyone about the golden city. Everywhere he walked, on every path, the world glowed bright and gold even if he was the only one who could see it. And at last he understood. All paths lead to the truth.


Chicago Cubs Lose Series Opener 9-5 To San Diego Padres

Tonight, it was one of those wild nights when each team's bullpen collapsed.

Nine relievers were called in to work when nine out of 14 runs of the game were conceded by the bullpen of either team.

The game took three hours and 26 minutes to end and Chicago Cubs lost the battle at home.They were defeated by the San Diego Padres 9-5 in the first game of the four-game series.

Cubs starter Tom Gorzelanny (6-7) took the loss and the first five runs of the Padres.But it was up to the bullpen to decide the winner of the contest.

Gorzelanny allowed only two hits and a walk in the first four innings.But the Padres offense woke up when they faced him forthe third time.

They scored one run each in the fifth and the sixth innings to make it 2-0.

And in the seventh, Gorzelanny ran out of gas and lost control.

He gave up a bunt single to lead-off pinch-hitter Tony Gwynn.Jerry Hairston Jr. was retired on a fly behind the home plate.Miguel Tejada doubled to deep left field to score Gwynn.Adrian Gonzalez followed with an RBI-single to bring home Tejada.

Gorzelanny grounded out Ryan Ludwick but walked Yorvit Torrealba to set up the table for Chase Headley, whose single scored Gonzalez from second.It was 5-0 for the visitors.

Both starters were pulled out of the game after six and a half innings.That was when the bullpen battle began.

The Cubs were the first to hit on Luke Gregerson, the first Padres reliever.They got


WIMBLEDON 2009: Robson on course to defend girls' title but finds the fame game tough

Laura Robson might be mature beyond her years but she is still getting used to life in the limelight.

After an impressive 6-3, 6-2 victory over Australia's Sally Peers in her bid to be the first player to retain the girls' trophy since Czech Andrea Strdanova in 1990, she admitted her new status as a celebrity was giving her mixed feelings.

Summer breeze: Robson

'I'm enjoying the seniors' locker room - that's the best part,' smiled the 15-year-old. 'I'm still a little bit scared of Serena though. She's a bit intimidating. She's just got an aura around her. As she's strolling down the corridor, everyone just moves out of her way.'

Robson claimed a comprehensive win, despite beinga famous English soldier.

The castle was largely destroyed by Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War. A new manor house was built on the site in 1785. Traces of the moat can still be seen today.

Royal visitors
Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon were visitors at Yattendon Castle in 1520. While there, it is said that the Queen's lady-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, of whom the King was already enamoured, dropped her handkerchief during a dance. It was retrieved by Sir Henry Norreys. This incident, later referred to as "Queen Anne's Dance", would be used as evidence, during Anne and Norreys trials, to support rumours of their affair.
Princess Elizabeth stayed at Yattendon Castle on her way to imprisonment at Woodstock.

See also
Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
List of castles in England

References

External links
David


Real Estate Properties, Inc.
In the court below proceedings were had in two consolidated equity causes filed against Wardman Real Estate Properties, Inc. (hereinafter called the Company), for judicial foreclosure by sale of a mortgage in the form of a deed of trust, and to subject the unmortgaged assets of the Company to the claims of unsecured or general creditors. Julius I. Peyser and Joseph P. Tumulty were appointed receivers, and now hold approximately $200,000 in the receivership fund.
On April 19, 1933, the district court entered an order calling for the filing of claims against the Company and against any funds in the hands of the receivers. The causes were referred to the special master, with directions, as to contested claims, to take testimony thereon and report the testimonyThis report was excepted to by the receivers, by Washington Properties, Inc., and by the District of Columbia. The receivers excepted upon the following grounds: That the assessments of taxes were not made by the board of personal property tax appraisers of the District of Columbia; that the assessments were not made against the Company, but against specific properties or "locations"; that no assessment was made against the Company by the board until after September 21, 1933; that such assessment was not made "without delay" within the meaning of the statute and was therefore void; that the District of Columbia could not in November, 1933, assess personal property of the Company except for "the then current year"; that the purported assessments made in 1933 for the years 1928


Boulevard Apartments, Chastleton Hotel, Cathedral Mansions, Stoneleigh Court Apartments, and the personalty involved subsequent to July 1, 1928;[1] that *257 it operated these properties from October 2, 1928 to July 15, 1929; that on July 15, 1929, it leased these properties to Wardman Realty and Construction Company, and that company held these properties under this lease until February 28, 1931; that Wardman Realty and Construction Company made a management contract with United Realties, Inc., under which United Realties, Inc. operated the properties until it assigned its management contract to Hotels Management and Securities Corporation; that the lessee of the Company had no financial interest in United Realties, Inc., or Hotels Management and Securities Corporation; and, that on March 7, 1931, the lease to Wardman Realty and Construction Companywas terminated as of February 28, 1931, and the properties turned back to the Company, which operated the properties itself from March 1, 1931, until the receivers were appointed July 14, 1931.
The claims of the District consisted of bills for taxes on personal property situated in the above described premises. No returns listing the property were made. The valuation was entered upon the field assessor's book by an inspector or assessor. The entries in the field book were reviewed by the board of personal tax appraisers, who by this review adopted the entries as assessments. Notice of assessments were addressed and mailed to the particular locations. Tax bills were sent to these locations. Later, assessments of some of these several properties were made against United Realties, Inc., or


United Realty Company, and notice was given to it of assessment, and tax bills were mailed to it, but no proceedings were instituted to collect the tax. The record is not clear as to the assessment of the personalty contained in these several premises for each of the years involved. The personalty in the Carlton Hotel was assessed in the name of the Carlton Hotel and Carlton Hotel, Inc.; that in the Wardman Park Hotel was assessed variously, 2660 Woodley Road, Wardman Park Hotel, Wardman Park Hotel, Inc., and United Realty Inc.; that in 2700 Connecticut Avenue was assessed "Apartment House, 2700 Connecticut Avenue, N.W." and United Realties, Inc.; and that in Cathedral Mansions, 3000 Connecticut Avenue and 3100 Connecticut Avenue. The personal property in the Stoneleigh CourtApartments was assessed against Stoneleigh Court Apartments, Sheridan Pary Corporation, United Realty Company and Hotels Management and Securities Company. In the years, 1928, 1929, and 1930, all of this property was assessed against the particular premises in which it was located. In 1931 and 1932, an assessment was made against United Realties, Inc., for some of this property, the rest remaining assessed against the premises in which it was located. The record is not clear as to which was not assessed against this corporation. The special master found, and it is admitted by the District that for none of the years involved was there any assessment of the property made against the Company in any manner until after September 20, 1933, or that any notice of any purported


assessment was ever given to the Company, affording it opportunity to be heard before the board of personal tax appeals. Subsequent to September 20, 1933, acting on advice from the office of the Corporation Counsel, the tax records were changed by naming the Company as owner of the personal property involved which constituted the assessment placed thereon by the District. This was the first time that the District had ever attempted to make assessments for personal property tax in a year subsequent to the year for which tax liability was claimed. This attempt is explained and justified by the order of the Corporation Counsel to make the change.
The District Court on July 3, 1937, ratified and confirmed these reports of the special master and overruled exceptions filed theretoassessed in the name of the Company, either in the field assessor's books or the tax ledgers until a date subsequent to September 20, 1933, nor did the Company's name appear on any tax records prior to September 20, 1933. It found its way to the tax records solely at the direction of the Corporation Counsel to add the name of the Company above each entry in the field assessor's books and tax ledgers where the property involved appeared at street address, hotel, apartment house, or in the name of another corporation.[13] It appears that for *261 each of these years there was no return listing the property involved and that "from the best information obtainable" the board of personal tax appraisers, or some member of it, entered


upon the field assessor's books the assessment against street address, hotel, apartment house, or in the name of another corporation. Thus it is clear that no assessment was made, or attempted to be made, against the Company until the above mentioned change of name on the tax records at the instance of the Corporation Counsel's office, and that such attempted assessment was a nullity and void.
Again we state that none of this property was assessed against the Company. It appears to have been assessed in part during the current fiscal years of 1931 and 1932 against United Realties, Inc. This part of the property was listed in its name on the tax records, field assessor's books, tax ledgers and tax bills. It was placed upon the field assessor'sbooks by the board and notices thereof were served upon United Realties, Inc., of this assessment. This corporation did not appeal from this assessment at any time, thereby the tax for that part of the property became a final assessment against it. This part of the personal property was not omitted from assessment, and the tax liability of United Realties, Inc., as it appears from this record became final. Apparently it was not collected, but it cannot be said that the assessment against United Realties, Inc., was a liability of the Company or that it could be transferred to the Company. The record clearly discloses the fact to be that United Realties, Inc. (who later assigned the management contract to Hotels Management and Securities Company) was the managing


agent of the Company's lessee, Wardman Realty and Construction Company, and the further undisputed fact, that the lessee had no financial interest in either United Realties, Inc., or Hotels Management and Securities Corporation during the life of the respective contracts. There is nothing in the record that indicates the Company had any interest in its lessee, or either of the managing companies, so there is no question involved herein that would indicate identity of interest, or the use of corporate entities for tax avoidance, or other improper purpose.
The board of personal tax appraisers was fully authorized to list for taxation property omitted from assessment, when no return is filed, giving notice to the taxpayer of such assessment and an opportunity for hearing before the board of personal taxa vital step to a valid assessment. The Supreme Court of the United States has definitely declared that "the assessment of a tax is action judicial in its nature, requiring for the legal exertion of the power such opportunity to appear and be heard as the circumstances of the case require."[16] And that "before an assessment of taxes could be made upon omitted property, notice to the taxpayer with an opportunity to be heard, was essential, and that somewhere during the process of the assessment the taxpayer must have an opportunity to be heard, and that this notice must be provided as an essential part of the statutory provision, and not awarded as a mere matter of favor or grace."[17] The District contends that notice to the Company


Cunha (drums) for the band. We made the first rehearsals adding to the set "Incarnated Solvent Abuse" (Carcass) and "Slaughter of the Soul" (At the Gates). A few weeks later Willian Passos (guitar) joined us.

2.Recently you have released a demo,how would you describe the musical sound that is presented on the recording?

"Funeral Grounds" is a death metal album basically. "Oath with no Words" the intro, is a song with very melodic and atmospheric guitars. "Tower of Silence" unleashes blast beats and a visceral sound. "Walking Corpse Syndrome" is the longest song in the album. It's the song with more variation too. There's no chorus and bpm changes all the time... "Necrophagous Majesty", is a typical 90's death metal song with blasts and doom parts.

3.The band has been aroundyour music and also what are you listening to nowadays?

Technical Death metal is one of the biggest genres with more influence in the band, also the Doom and its variants,

Death, Sepultura, Morbid Angel, Vile, Carcass, Iron Maiden, At the gates, Bolt Thrower is as well a big influence.

Saturday, March 26, 2016

The Zenith Passage are a band from California that plays a very technical and brutal form of death metal and this is a review of their 2016 album "Solipsist" which will be released in April by Unique Leader.

Avant garde sounds start off the album and after the into the music starts going into more of a heavy and technical musical direction along with soem death metal growls and you can also hear a lot of progressive structures in


and "Expiration Date". 8 out of 10.

Friday, March 25, 2016

Deathtale are a band from Austria that plays a mixture of death and thrash metal and this is a review of their 2016 album "Whole World Burns" which was released by Terrasound Records.

Atmospheric synths start off the album before going into more of a heavy thrash metal direction and all of the musical instruments that are present on the recording and after awhile death metal growls that have a tinge of thrash to them are added into the music along with some high pitched screams and melodic riffs.

Guitar solos and leads are done in a very melodic and old school metal style and the vocals also add in a touch of melodic groove metal at times while traditional cleansinging can also be heard in some songs and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts and the music also brings in a lot of mid 80's and early 90's influences and clean playing along with classical guitars can also be heard briefly and they also bring in a brief instrumental before closing with a vocal track.

Deathtale plays a musical style that takes a melodic style of thrash and mixes it in with death metal to create an old school style of their own, the production sounds very professional while the lyrics cover dark and violent themes.

In my opinion Deathtale are a very great sounding mixture of death and thrash metal and if you are a fan of those musical


genres, you should check out t his band. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "Flesh For Sale" "Before blood Flows" "Warparth" and "From Hell Deutsch". 8 out of 10.

Burning Hatred are a band from the Netherlands that plays an old school form of death metal and this is a review of their 2016 album "Carnage" which will be released in April by Vic Records.

Sounds of war start off the album along with some synths in the background before going into a heavier musical direction which also introduces death metal growls and morbid sounding melodies onto the recording and when the music speeds up a great amount of blast beats can be heard and the music is very heavily rooted in the 90's.

Throughout the recording you can hear a great mixture ofslow, mid paced and fast parts and the solos and leads are very dark and melodic and also remain true to an old school style of death metal and the war samples also make a return later on during the recording before making a return back to a heavier musical direction and all of the musical instruments have a very powerful sound to them and some of the fast riffs also bring in a small amount of tremolo picking.

Burning Hatred plays a style of death metal that is very old school and rooted in the early 90's and also seems to be heavily influenced by both the Dutch and Swedish scenes of that era, the production sounds very professional while the lyrics cover darkness, war and anti religion


new album, how would you describe the musical soundthat is presented on the recording and also how does it differ from the stuff you havereleased in the past?

While working on the album sound, we were inspired by Gojira, late Soulfly, trying tomake it not too oldschool and not very modern.Our new album "Inbox" It differs fromprevious ones in that it has become much more experimentation with non-metall musicalgenres. The tenth track was originally conceived as a surf-rock, and then we beat inthe metal, but the bonus recorded it in its original form, using even with saxophone.It is on this album, I finally got vocal sound that it suited me completely.

3.The band has been around since 2007 and so far had only released 3 albums, can youtell us alittle bit more about the gaps in between releases?

as a band, we began to exist in 2011. By 2011 I consider as a "test". The second albumwas released two years later, the third delayed for three years, we have spent moretime working on it.of each song, we are working very hard, trying to make it not looklike the previous ones, it takes a very long time.

4.What are some of the lyrical topics and subjects the band explores with the newermusic?

The first song tells the story of war, about a man who fights for peace in the future,thus destroying the world in the present. The second song "kelp needs money for newshoes" performed at the cowboy style of women who live at the expense of men whilegiving nothing in


return, such as parasites. "juice after the end of the world" simplepost-apocalyptic story. Our lyrics are embracing social aspects, mental disorders,sometimes direct and undisguised aggression, as an emotional stream of consciousness.

5.What is the meaning and inspiration behind the name 'Citrus Lobster'?

When coming up with the band's name and the first song, I did not think how everyonewill go, I just did what seemed right to me. We had some strange, memorable name. Itmeans nothing, we might be called "grapefruit tumor" or "Tomato Land staphylococcalgrasshoppers" but stopped at the "Citrus Lobster". The Russian orthodox metal societycan not accept such a name, because we play sufficiently heavy music and should bereferred to as a "human bones harvester" or "limb amputation".

6.What are some of the best shows that the band haswrap up this interview, do you have any final words or thoughts?

If you want to hear and understand the Citrus lobster, you have to forget about what you've heard before, all comparisons and parallels violate the integrity of the ideas and the composition of our music.

Thursday, March 24, 2016

Apelsinovaya Krevetka a.k.a Citrus Lobster are a band from Russia that plays a mixture of death metal, thrash and hardcore and this is a review of their 2016 album "Inbox" which was released as a joint effort between Irond and Molot.

A very heavy sound starts off the album along with some melodic guitar leads and all of the musical instruments sound very powerful and after awhile aggressive screams are added into the music and there is also a brief use


of whistling on one of the tracks and the riffs also bring in a decent amount of melody.

You can hear a lot of hardcore elements in both the vocals and riffs and when the music speeds up thrash influences are added onto the recording along with a great amount of blast beats while also mixing in the heaviness of death metal and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts and back up gang shouts can also be heard at times and most of the songs stick to a heavy sound while one song does add in Asian style instruments and the last track utilizes acoustic guitars along with saxophones briefly.

Apelsinovaya Krevetka plays a musical style that takes death metal, thrasha review of their 2016 album "The Wound And The Bow" which will be released in April by Profound Lore.

A very powerful bass guitar sound which is also utilized as a lead instrument along with drums start off the album bringing in a progressive flavor to the recording and when the music speeds up a great amount of blast beats can be heard along with some death metal growls and the songs also get very technical.

Avant garde elements can be heard in the music in a way they have not been done in the death metal genre along with a small amount of synths which also gives the music more of an experimental feeling and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and


on the recording and on the second track the music goes into more of an old school death metal growls and blast beats as well as a small amount of screams.

Throughout the recording you can hear a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts and the solos and leads are very dark and melodic and the songs stick mostly to a 90's style of death metal and the whole ep also remains very heavy from beginning to ending of the recording along with one of the tracks being long and epic in length.

Vulture Wings plays a style of death metal that is very dark and heavy in t he early 90's tradition, the production sounds very old school while the lyrics cover death, despair, dystopia anpitched screams can be heard in the music at times along with the riffs also adding melodies into some parts of the songs and there are also back up gang shouts being into into certain sections of the recording and the solos and leads remain true to an extreme metal style and they also add in some modern elements at times and electronic music sounds also make a return on a later track and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts while a later song brings in a brief use of movie samples.

Scholpendra plays a musical style that takes death metal and mixes it in with modern thrash and hardcore while also being a lot more heavier than most bands


in between both the old school and modern side of the genre, the production sounds very professional while the lyrics cover dark and violent themes.

In my opinion Strangulate are a very great sounding raw death metal band and if you are a fan of this musical genre, you should check out this recording. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "Primordial Execution" "Orchestrated Massacre" and "Catacombs Of Decay". 8 out of 10.

Diagnosis are a band from Mexico that plays an old school form of death metal and this is a review of their 2015 album "Sympathy For Disease" which was released by Db Metal Recording.

A very dark and heavy sound starts off the album along with some death metal growls and after a few seconds morbid sounding melodies and blast beats areadded into some parts of the songs and you can also hear a great amount of high pitched screams and 90's influences in the bands musical style.

All of the musical instruments on the recording have a very powerful sound to them and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts while the solos and leads also remain true to an old school style of death metal and some of the riffing also brings progressive structures into certain sections of the recording along with the bass also being used as a lead instrument at times and the whole album also remains very heavy from beginning to ending of the recording while there are also some modern elements to be heard at times.

Diagnosis


plays a style of death metal that is mostly rooted in t he old school style while having some modern traces and a more powerful bass guitar sound, the production sounds very professional while the lyrics cover dark themes.

In my opinion Diagnosis are a very great sounding death metal band and if you are a fan of this musical genre, you should check out this album. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "Seclusion" "Diagnosis" "Sympathy For Disease" and "Stigmatized". 8 out of 10.

Uttertomb are a band from Chile that plays a very old school form of death metal and this is a review of their 2016 ep "Sempiternal" which will be released in April by Pulverised Records.

A very dark yet heavy sounds starts off the ep along with some drum beatsand tremolo picking guitar leads a few seconds later and after a minute death metal growls make their presence known on the recording along with a few screams and the leads also start getting more dark, morbid and melodic sounding.

Most of the music is very heavily rooted in the 90's and when the music speeds up it brings in more of a raw style of t he genre along with a great amount of blast beats and Swedish influences and the songs also start bringing in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts while also remaining heavy from beginning to ending of the recording along with both tracks being long and epic in length.

Uttertomb plays a musical style that is very dark, heavy and old


at times and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts and one track also brings in a brief use of guitar leads, the production on their side of the recording sounds very professional while the lyrics cover social issues, pathologie's and booze themes.

In my opinion Terrordome are a very great sounding brutal mixture of crossover and thrash and if you are a fan of those musical genres, you should check out this band. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "Nothing Else Fuckers" and "Beerbong Party".

Next up is Chaos Synopsis continuing their mixture of death metal and thrash.

Their side of the split starts out with a very heard and heavy thrash metal sound that also uses a small amount of melodies while the solosmetal, you should check out their side of the split. RECOMMENDED TRACK "Fire On babylon".

In conclusion i feel this is a very great sounding split and I would recommend it to all fans of crossover, thrash and death metal. 8 out of 10.

Chaos Synopsis are a band from Brazil that plays a mixture of death and thrash metal and this is a review of their 2015 album "Seasons of Red" which was released by Black Legion.

Acoustic guitars start off the album along with some more distorted and melodic sounding leads making t heir presence known a few seconds later which also leads up to a heavier thrash metal direction which is more closer to the modern side of t he genre while still having a bit of the


old school aggression.

All of the musical instruments have a very powerful sound to them while the vocals are mid 80's style death metal growls that have have are understandable enough for the thrash crowd and some of the riffs also bring in a small amount of melody and some songs also bring in a touch of tribal music and exotic female vocals and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts along with the faster sections of the music using a great amount of blast beats and after awhile solos and leads return on some of the songs and also gives the music even more of an old school death metal style.

Chaos Synopsis plays a style of death/thrash that is moreof 10.

Slave One are a band from France that plays a very progressive and technical form of death metal and this is a review of their 2016 album "Disclosed Dioptropic Principles" which will be released on March 25th by Dolorem Records.

Melodic chants, atmospheric sounds, tribal beats and exotic female vocals start off the album and also mix in with the heavier sound a few seconds later along with all of t he musical instruments sounding very powerful and you can also h ear a lot of prog elements in the bands musical style and the vocals are mostly death metal growls.

Spoken word parts can be heard briefly while some of the riffs get very melodic at times and when guitar solos and leads are added into the music


mixed in with the guitar riffing and they alos add in more of a modern groove metal style at times.

When guitar leads are added into the music they give the songs more of a technical edge and when the music speeds up a small amount of blast beats can be heard and the songs also bring in a great mixture of slow, mid paced and fast parts and clean playing also makes a return in certain sections of the recording along with one of the tracks being all instrumental while a couple of songs also bring in a brief use of spoken word parts before returning back to a heavier musical direction and the last track is very long and epic in length.

Ferium creates another recording that takesgroove and metalcore and mixes it in with the heaviness of death metal while also being very modern at the same time, the production sounds very professional for being a self released recording while the lyrics are a concept album based upon personal relationships.

In my opinion this is another great sounding recording from Ferium and if you are a fan of death, groove metal and metalcore, you should enjoy this album. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "Power Is All That Matters" "Losing The Grip" and "A Free Man". 7/5 out of 10.

Sunday, March 13, 2016

1.Can you give us an update on what has been going on with the band since the recording and release of the new album? "Speech of the Flame" is finally out, so we only have to


show in italy planned on may, we will confirm them as soon as possible. It would be great to visit some European countries again, we played in Germany and Sweden in the past and it was a blast. Anyone who is interested in arranging something can contact us at paintingtheabyss@gmail.com

8.The album was released 'Lord Of The Flies Records' can you tell us a little bit more about this label?It is a new label runned by scene veteran Cristian Colonna. He released only quality material so far and we trusted him immediately. He was a fan of the band since the release of our first album, it's great when you find a label where you are not only a number among others.

9.On a worldwide level how has the feedbackhas already been studied, especially by Desrosières in his impressive book [@Desrosieres2000] where a wide panorama of the international situation is provided. More particularly in France, we can also mention among others paper [@Meusnier2006]. Our paper precisely wants to bring further information on the French situation and its relations with what was happening abroad, and how the link has been finally drawn between probability and statistics.

As already mentioned, Emile Borel (1871-1956) was a central actor in this transformation, as well as his successors Maurice Fréchet (1878-1973) and Georges Darmois (1888 -1961). By means of original pedagogical and scientific initiatives, the three men participated in the setting up of two institutes in Paris, the [*Institut de Statistiques de l’Université de Paris*]{} (ISUP) in 1922, and above all the [*Institut


Henri Poincaré*]{} (IHP) in 1928 where mathematical statistics were presented and their recent findings exposed for the first time in France.

Our work stems from the two days conference organized in November 2008 by Michèle Audin and Catherine Goldstein for the 80th anniversary of the IHP. The second author was invited to present a talk on the theme of the present article. Moreover, this talk was largely inspired from a small memoir [@Catellier2008] written by the first author after a short research stay with the team [*Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques*]{} of University Paris 6 during Spring 2008. On that occasion, important new sources on the subject (archival material and various articles) had been collected. Let us finally mention that this work was itself strongly connected to a large internationalpolitics. We will dwell in particular on the role played by Fréchet in Strasbourg and Darmois in Paris in the emergence of mathematical statistics during the 1920s in France. We will also bring detail the functioning of the IHP and its scientific program. In the third part, after having commented on the creation of the [*Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré*]{}, we will focus on the first two papers on statistics published in the journal in 1932, the first one by Darmois, the second by Guldberg. The study of these papers, with a mathematical insight into their contents, is used as a demonstration of how the IHP was used as a place of technology transfer of several mathematical techniques which had sometimes been existing abroad for several decades but


how Borel got familiar with probability and how randomness (in particular through a statistical orientation) acquired a considerable dimension in his vision of scientific enlightenment of the citizens and of the rational direction of state business.

Emile Borel was born to a Protestant middle-class family in Saint-Affrique, in Aveyron, in the center of southwest France. He kept close ties with Saint-Affrique throughout his life. After brilliant secondary studies, he went to Paris to set for the competitive examinations leading to the Grandes Ecoles, the schools where the French scientific and administrative elites are trained. There he studied under famous teacher Boleslas Niewenglowski along with the son of mathematician Gaston Darboux, and he later recounted that it was at Darboux’s home that he discovered his passion for scientific and especiallymathematical research. The Ecole Normale Supérieure was the place where he pursued this passion.

However, purely mathematical achievements were only one side to the rich personality of Emile Borel. Very young, the latter engaged himself in an original mixture of academic, political and philosophical fight and had the strong desire of not belonging to the type of mathematicians locked in university libraries, speaking only to his peers in his ivory tower. Borel was always convinced that the scientist had a role to play in the society of his time, besides politicians, writers, artists and he had the strong desire of participating in such social exchanges. Borel engaged himself on the social stage, especially through circles connected to the family of his talented wife Marguerite and his father-in-law, mathematician Paul


Appell. Marguerite wrote fiction under the pen name Camille Marbo (for MARguerite BOrel); in 1913, she won the Femina prize for her novel [*La statue voilée*]{}. In 1905, Borel and Marbo founded a monthly journal, the [*Revue du Mois*]{}, which for 10 years was a leading general intellectual outlet for the moderate French left. When he became a politician in the 1920s, Borel, with his Protestant radical-socialist background, passionately attached to secularism and rationalism, was a typical representative of the [*republic of professors*]{} as journalist Albert Thibaudet later described the 3rd Republic[@Thibaudet1927]. However, in 1905, his ambition was at first only intellectual and the [*Revue du Mois*]{} became his favorite place for presenting his ideas (and his friend’s views) on every kind of subject. Let us remind besidesthat the mathematics of randomness could be an essential field for this fight. Contrary to what is still sometimes asserted, reflections on probability do not belong to a second (and much less brilliant) scientific life beginning roughly in the 1920s. Borel met probabilities at the very beginning of the century and they always remained on his mind. He developed a complex relationship to them, a relation not always perfectly understood by his colleagues and in particular by younger French mathematicians, such as Paul Lévy, who got involved in the probabilistic field. Anyway, everyone probably agrees today to see Borel as the harbinger of mathematical probability renewal at the beginning of 20th century, opening the path to the axiomatic formalization based on measure theory achieved by Kolmogorov in his


particular, Borel’s attitude profoundly shocked Paul Lévy who became, as is well known, the major French specialist in probability of the inter-wars period. For Lévy, mathematical constructions, based on sophisticated techniques if required, were necessary to guarantee the validity of the application. On this subject, consult [@BarbutLockerMazliak2004].

Considerations on randomness, probability and statistics were from the beginning of the journal an important topic for papers, especially Borel’s, in the [*Revue du Mois*]{}. It seems that the director of the journal found in it the exact tool he needed to improve his conceptions on these subjects.

The first paper published in the Journal, written by Volterra [@Volterra1906], gives a hint of what Borel hoped to do: [*For most mathematicians emerges the desire of leading their minds beyond the limits of pureranging apparatus (in particular the so-called Cotton-Weiss apparatus devised in 1914 by physicists Aimé Cotton and Pierre Weiss for the localization of artillery batteries) on the front.

But probably more significant to the story we present here, Borel was soon proposed to endorse important responsibilities at a high governmental level, very close to the center of power in the very centralized France of the war period. In November 1915, his friend and colleague mathematician, Paul Painlevé, minister for public instruction, decided to set up a special service connected to his ministry in order to gather the various enterprises dealing with technical research into the war effort. Painlevé and Borel were very close friends, belonging to the same political family and sharing common views on the role of the engaged


and randomness though they were probably constantly on Borel’s mind. When two years later Painlevé became Prime minister ([*Président du Conseil*]{} - President of the council, during the 3rd Republic) and Borel was promoted as head of Cabinet, he assigned himself a major task : to rationally organize the statistical data mining devoted to help the Prime Minister in his decisions. In fact, Borel had not enough time for that purpose. Three months after his arrival as Prime Minister, Painlevé’s government was toppled in November 1917 as a consequence of the Italian disaster of Caporetto (see [@MazliakTazzioli2009] for details), and Borel returned to his experiments on sound ranging on the front. However, this experience made a profound impression on him and just after the war, he wrote aclever use of statistics will be useful to them. (…) Let me remind you, as an example of what can be done in that direction of the organization of the technical services of the War cabinet such as Painlevé conceived it. The numerous statistical documents related to the war policies (French, allies or enemy troop sizes, losses, ammunition, necessary and available tonnages, submarine warfare, exchange rates and so on) were collected and summed up. A notebook, called the black notebook, had been constituted; it was formed of around ten cardboard sheets, equipped with tabs and also a folder. By opening the notebook on the page of troop sizes for instance, one immediately found the current, summed up information under the specific form required by the minister on a


sheet of paper updated each week; in the corresponding folder, were collected retrospective information, further details, graphs. (…) When M.Painlevé became also Head of the Government, a grey notebook, of the same kind and containing statistical documents of interest for the economic committee, was joined to the black one which contained the statistics of interest for the war committee[^20].

After he became a politician in the classical meaning of the word (first as Mayor of St Affrique in 1923, then as Deputy in 1924 - he was even a minister for the Navy in Painlevé’s (once again short) presidency of the Council in 1925), Borel tried to obtain the creation of a service of statistical documentation and economic studies. He pleaded therefore for the [*institution of data, given thatsome burning documents) on how Borel faced the tragedy - a tragedy which besides affected him personally through the loss of his foster son Fernand as well as it affected his fellow mathematicians Hadamard, Picard and so many others. For Borel, social mathematics belonged to the tools provided to society to avoid the woes created by man’s natural selfishness. It remains profoundly linked to a constitutional vision of politics, close to the ideals promoted by the social-radical politicians of his generation, providing a tool whose purpose was among other things to keep any authoritarian leaning at bay. In a book written in 1925, whose title [*Organize*]{} is in itself a program, Borel advocated an international law to which each State must be submitted. Each State must be accountable


to public opinion and to an assembly of nations. A combination of exchanges between [*free men assemblies*]{}, seen as a combination of economic, cultural, political exchanges can be the best guarantee against the [*most absolute powers*]{}. Some letters exchanged with Volterra (who entered very soon in frontal opposition to Mussolini’s regime - see [@Goodman2007] and [@GuerraggioPaoloni2008]) bear testimony of how the Italian events at the beginning of the 1920s were for Borel an illustration of the aforementioned necessity. We shall see in the next section how the foundation of the Henri Poincaré Institute was used by Borel as an opportunity to invite fellow scientists trapped in the European convulsions of the inter-war period.

The emergence of mathematical statistics in France
==================================================

In 1920, Borel, who occupied the chair of function theorywas through Volterra (see the quotation in the previous section). Anyway, clearly, in France, the scene of academic mathematical statistics was desperately empty.

Just after the war, it was in fact in Strasbourg that the discipline met a promising development.

In 1919, Fréchet was sent to the University of Strasbourg which had just been returned to France, and he came as a missionary of science. The Government wanted to transform the institution into a display of the success of French research. The following letter, written on 5 April 1919 by deputy Manoury to the representative of French Government in Strasbourg Alexandre Millerand presents a good hint of the fact.

> You know better than anyone the considerable importance given by the Germans to this university and the special attention they paid


Strasbourg, there was the creation if the [*Institut d’études commerciales* ]{} (Institute for Commercial studies) where taught Fréchet and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs as soon as 1920. A few years later, they published a book on their common experience ([@FrechetHalbwachs1924]. For Fréchet, who was in charge of the lectures on insurances, the scientist who is deeply involved in speculative research must not lose interest in practice, and it is useful for the progress of science to spread his results. For Halbwachs, the statistical method is only a routine for the one who cannot catch its spirit and its deep scientific meaning. Halbwachs, though he had been a student in literature, had extensively reflected on the meaning of statistical process in a study devoted to social life, in particular inhis book on Quételet published at the eve of the war. The idea of Fréchet and Halbwachs’ book is to present the principles of probabilities and their applications using only the most basic notions of algebra.

Borel was in particular not insensitive to the Strasbourg innovations. He used his new political and scientific influence (he had been elected to the Academy of Science in 1921) to help the promotion of a teaching of mathematical statistics in Paris.Therefore was created in 1922 the [*Institut de Statistique de l’Université de Paris*]{} (ISUP - Statistical Institute of Paris University).

Emile Borel convinced Lucien March from the Statistique Générale de France and Fernand Faure from the Faculty of Law to join him to set up the new institution. The Institute depended on the four


faculties of Science, Medicine, Law and Literature and was seen as a promising example of an interdisciplinary place for teaching, perfectly illustrating Borel’s ideal of knowledge, exchange and meeting, especially in the field of probability and statistics he sought to consolidate in France as we saw in the previous part. The creation of the ISUP remained rather confidential though it was mentioned for example in the journal [*Vient de paraître*]{} of January 1923, where a particular emphasis was put on the innovation it represented on the French academic scene of the time.

> Paris University has just created a Statistical Institute, where the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Science will collaborate; its head office will be in the buildings of the Faculty of Law. At the sametime, the construction of the Institute of Geography on Pierre Curie street, where the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Literature will fraternize, is being completed. When numerous institutes of that kind are truly alive, the word University will no more be only a word, meaning the reunion of several Faculties ignoring each other. Several Universities outside Paris have been for a long time, on that point as well as on others, ahead of the University of Paris[^26].

In his paper [@Meusnier2006] Meusnier observed that at the ISUP the students were trained in four main subjects : demography and economy, actuaries, industrial technique and research, medicine. The aim of the institute was naturally to teach statistics, with officially both a theoretical and practical point of view. Nevertheless, the


program during the first years of its existence showed a clear desire of insisting on applications. The latter concern a wide range of domains such as finance, political economy, demography, biometrics, public hygiene, foresight, insurance, trading, agriculture, transports, bank, credit or public finances.

Althought the ISUP officialy opened in 1922, the full program really began in 1924-1925. In the two previous years, there had been some lectures, but no diplomas were delivered. At the beginning, Borel taught the course of *statistical methods*, which dealt with mathematical statistics,

The number of students at the ISUP during the first years remained extremely low. Only 4 students were registered on the academic year 1924-25, when the first diploma was delivered at the Institute. The fact probably fostered the skepticism (or was it thecontrary?) the creation of the Institute was met with by the field statisticians - a skepticism obvious in the already mentioned interview of Henri Bunle [@Desrosieres2005].

> With M.Borel, M.March has created the statistical whatnot of the Sorbonne. M.Borel read a small course during one year, and then M.March, and then M.Huber on demography. When Borel was fed up, he passed on his course to Darmois who was in Nancy. Darmois began to collect information about what had been done in the United Kingdom. Because in the United Kingdom, they had been working more. There was room for teaching statistics. He began to teach statistics. Besides, there is a book by him. He somewhat developed the mathematical point of view later. This was the ISUP regime[^27].

As Bunle mentions, in


1924-1925, Borel asked Darmois to replace him. George Darmois was born on 24 June 1888 in Eply near Nancy. In 1906, he entered the École Normale Supérieure. Under Darboux’s influence, in 1911 he began a doctorate on a subject mixing geometry and analysis. It concerned the study of partial differentials equations arising from geometry. The title of the thesis is *About the algebraic curves with constant torsion*. However, due to the First World War, Darmois defended his thesis only on 26 February 1921. Nevertheless, the War had some other and more important influence on Darmois’ scientific evolution than just delaying his defending of thesis. During the War, he had worked on two military problems, one about sound ranging and the other about ballistics. He declared how these studieswas another young mathematician who subsequently turned towards statistics and founded a statistical institute in Lyon in 1930, the [*Institut de Science Financière et d’Assurances*]{} (Institute for Financial Science and Insurances), the first French institution to deliver a diploma for actuaries. In fact, Darmois was interested in any experimental aspect of science, not only in physics. In 1923, he had already taught probabilities and applications to statistics. Darmois later explained ([@Darmois1955])

> The decision I took in Nancy in 1923 to connect the teaching and investigations of probability calculus with several applications to statistics stemmed from the desire of constituting in France a school of theoretical and practical statistics. Great-Britain and the United States showed the way, and it was important to follow their examples. I was thus led


to participate in national, and later international, statistical activities[^29].

Apart from Darmois’ intellectual interests for statistics, another reason for Borel having called Darmois to Paris may have been the ties he had with the industrial world if we believe what Guilbaud narrated in an interview made in 1988 by Denis Bayart and recently published in [@Guilbaud2008]. Darmois, said Guilbaud, owned a small forge in the Vosges and frequently mocked his colleagues who disdained to be in touch with industrialists.

In 1928, at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Bologne, Darmois gave a talk entitled *About the analysis and comparison of statistical series which could be developed in time (*the time correlation problem*)* and the same year, he published one of the first courses in French about statitstics, which was entitledthe necessity of improving the probabilistic level of the lectures. This rapid evolution led to a reversal of priority between the statistical models and the probabilistic models. Darmois published the first French textbook on mathematical statistics entitled [*Statistique Mathématique*]{}. The book was published in 1928 by Doin and was prefaced by Huber. It reveals a strong probabilistic orientation.

The comparison between the aforementioned program of 1924 with the program of 1938 is instructive and gives a clear idea of the state of the statistical school in France, after 20 years of effort. Now, statistics were clearly presented as an emanation of probability theory and the mathematical level subsequently increased, using the probabilistic tools introduced during the 1920s and the 1930s for the study of probability distributions and limit theorems.


of Rotschild, in 1928, Borel managed to found an Institute dedicaced to probabilities and mathematical physics, the *Institut Henri Poincaré* (Henri Poincaré Institute), in short the IHP. The purpose assigned to the Institute was in the first place to facilitate exchanges and meetings between specialists of these domains.

After the First World War, the Rockefeller Foundation, through its organization devolved to this kind of funding, the International Education Board, offered credits to develop or even save scientific institutions in Europe threatened by the consequences of the war, both for the victors and the (former) enemy. The foundation paid in particular special attention to the countries where there was a strong cultural academic tradition such as Germany where it originated Göttingen Institute for Physics. It also contributed to the developmentthe 19th Century that progress in science led to understand the narrow links that exist between both sciences which look distinct at first sight, and to realize that the properties of matter and energy studied by mathematical physics are submitted to probability and statistical laws[^31].

In the same speech, Borel described the purpose of the Institute. He just named scientists who were supposed to come for talks or lectures at the IHP. He mentioned in particular Einstein and Volterra.

> Other first-rank scientists have let us hope they will participate. Thanks to them, the Henri Poincaré Institute will really be international, not only by the students who will attend its teaching, but also by the professors who will give talks and lectures there. It will not only contribute to the


to give talks about their field of interest and investigation.

The main subject taught at the Institute was however mainly physics, as well as several topics of [*applied mathematics*]{}. During the first year, there was no mention in the syllabus of lectures related to statistics apart from Darmois’s aforementioned 16-lesson course on statistics and stellar dynamics. Until he obtained an academic position in Paris, Darmois would come every year to give some talks and lectures at the IHP and he would remain the only speaker on statistics. The list of foreign speakers invited to the IHP clearly emphasizes how it was mainly scientist with direct connection with physical questions who were invited. During the first two years, were invited Fermi, Einstein, Dirac or also Sommerfeld, to mention only thesefamous names. Among the first specialists in probability, we see Hostinský, Pólya, and also Paul Lévy, who followed a very personal path in the French academic world. The part of probability progressively grew among the subjects of the conferences - and later statistics were also represented.

An important feature of the IHP is that Borel used the new institution to help his foreign colleagues in the grip of the European inter-wars convulsions. The administrative archives of the Institute contain several interesting documents in that respect. For example a letter from the minister for public instruction to Borel (via Dean Maurain) in 1932, mentioning that Volterra had been [ *disbarred from university staff for political reasons and left for Paris*]{}. After Hitler’s nomination as Chancellor in Germany in 1933, one


may observe the increasing number of German refugees invited to give talks at the IHP (Gumbel, among the statisticians who settled down in France - see [@Hertz1997]). The ones Borel never succeeded to invite were the Soviet scientists confronted to border closing after Stalin’s power consolidated. Whereas Moscow was in the 1930s the indisputable world center of the mathematics of randomness, it is rather amazing not to see a single Soviet name among the speakers who actually gave a talk at the IHP. The presence on the list of mathematician Vladimir Alexandrovitch Kostitsyn was only due to the fact that he succeeded to emigrate to Paris at the end of 1928 under the pretext of medical emergency and never returned to USSR.

As we have already mentioned, apart fromDarmois, no statistician was invited during the first three years of existence of the IHP. Only in 1931 did a first foreign statistician gave a talk and subsequently in the 1930s most statistical schools were represented in these conferences : the Scandinavian (Guldberg, Steffensen), the British (Neyman, Fisher), the German (Gumbel) schools in particular. This was the result of a kind of deliberate strategy for importing foreign statistical technique to France. We will deal with this question in the next section.

Technology transfer
===================

This section of our paper is devoted to the kind of technology transfer which took place at the Institut Henri Poincaré after its foundation to promote new statistical methods and to try to recover techniques which had existed for a long time abroad without being known in


with more recent results and discussion. Through the politically-correct tone of the academic at that time, one may sometimes feel several scientific polemics of the time such as the harsh discussions around the foundation of the notion of probability (von Mises was invited in 1931, Cantelli in 1932, de Finetti in 1935, Reichenbach in 1937). Or also the trace of the changes in a rapidly evolving subject such as the theory of Markov chains. Hostinský’s 1937 paper, made after his lectures the same year, testifies to the predominance of the Soviet school of probability with Kolmogorov as a beacon, and already refers to Doeblin who had begun to level criticisms at what he felt as an old-fashioned vision of the subject (see [@MazliakDoeblin2007] and the references there in).between the supporters of and opponents to Bayesian inference and it does not seem that they wished the IHP to become a battlefield for these quarrels. On the complicated story of British statistics of that time (and especially on Keynes’ intervention in the debate), see [@Howie2004] and [@Aldrich2008] and the references included.

As an illustration of the aforementioned technology transfer in statistics sought by the IHP team, we shall now concentrate on the first two papers published in the [*Annales*]{} devoted to statistical topics. These two papers, written by Darmois and Alf Guldberg, were the occasion of presenting results of respectively the British ‘classical’ school, and of the Scandinavian tendency.

Darmois was asked by Borel to read lectures at the Institut on statistics from the very opening, in 1928, when


his presentation to description and commentaries, not even summarizing the corresponding technicalities. This limitation to a qualitative exposition is probably interpretable as another sign of the low level of statistical knowledge in France at the time, making it necessary to provide a general survey of existing situations before considering the mathematical treatment. Moreover, the four papers referred to in this part were recent publications from the Anglo-Saxon world, a trace of Darmois’ efforts during the 1920s to get acquainted with British and American works in that directions.

A first model exposed by Darmois was considered by Udny Yule in his 1927 paper [@UdnyYule1927] in relation to the observations of sunspots. It concerned the presence of random disturbances of an oscillatory system which Udny Yule illustrated by the image ofsituations opening the door to future mathematical studies, with a noticeable inclination towards economic phenomena.

Let us now turn towards the second paper, written by Nowegian statistician Alf Guldberg (1866-1936). A nephew of famous mathematician and chemist Cato Guldberg, Alf had been among those students of Sophus Lie who were sent at the end of the 19th century to different universities across Europe. Alf went to Germany and to France, and followed lectures by Poincaré, Picard, Hermite, Lie, Hilbert or Fuchs among others. See some details in [@Stubhaug2002] (in particular the chapter 24 devoted to Lie’s Norwegian students). When back in Norway, Guldberg obtained a position in Christiania (the former name of Oslo before 1925) and became progressively attracted to applied mathematics, and particularly statistics for actuarial techniques and


his methods were under fire on the international scene (in particular by Bortkiewicz) and his influence was overshadowed by the specialists of actuarial mathematics, led in Norway by Hjorth. Steffensen, a Dane, and Guldberg, a Norwegian, the first two foreign statisticians to be invited at the IHP, both actuaries, are heirs to this trend[^43].

As we have said, astronomy played an important role in the development of Scandinavian statistics. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Scandinavia was a first-rank center in the study of approximation techniques, not behind the British school (see [@Schweder1999]). In a draft for the presentation of Steffensen when the latter came to Paris in 1932 to give a talk at the IHP (we found this draft in the incredible mess of Fréchet’s archives into have been the main artisan of the International Congress of Mathematician of Oslo in July 1936 following what was said by Carl Størmer, the president of the Congress (who replaced Guldberg at the last moment due to his sudden death in February 1936)

> It was during the last international congress in Z" urich that the Norwegian mathematicians took the decision to propose that the next congress could be held in Oslo[^45]. It is our colleague, regretted Alf Guldberg, who took this initiative, and who since then had constantly worked to guarantee the success of the congress, and above all to place it on a reliable economic basis. We had hoped that Guldberg could open the Congress as president. But, as every member of the congress is well


the creation of the journal [*Revue du mois*]{} founded with his wife in 1905. The journal often exposed Borel’s views about the necessary place for probability in society. With the Great War, and his many involvements in the war effort, Borel began a career as a politician and used his position to become an active instigator of probability. Borel thought that Paris deserved an institute devoted to statistics, and convinced Lucien March and Fernand Faure to create such an institution, the ISUP. The young mathematician George Darmois, started to teach in this institute, and began to introduce the techniques of British mathematical statistics in France. The ISUP was nevertheless only a place for lectures. In Borel’s mind, probability and statistics also deserved a real research center. This ideaerror, Jour. AMS, 283-314, 1927 HOWIE, David : Interpreting Probability, Cambridge University Press, 2004

KNOBLOCH, Eberhard : Emile Borel as a probabilist [*in*]{}Ê[@Krugerandal1987] KRÜGER, Lorenz, DASTON, Lorraine, HEIDELBERGER, Michael and MORGAN, Mary S. : The Probabilistic Revolution - Vols. 1 and 2, MIT Press, 1987

LAURITZEN, Steffen L. : Thiele, Pioneer in Statistics, Oxford, 2002 LIE, Einar : The Rise and Fall of Sampling Surveys in Norway, 1875-1906, Science in Context, 15, 385-409, 2002 LE DANTEC, Félix : Les mathématiciens et la probabilité, Revue philosophique, LXX, 1910, p.360 LE VAN LEMESLE Lucette: François Divisia, a pioneer responsible for the integration of mathematical method into French economics" in Warren J. Samuels (ed.), European Economists of the Early 20th Century, Elgar, 1998 International conference on mathematics and World War I, Luminy (Marseille


Q:

What is the "essence of the earth and heaven" given by Brahma to sage Gautama at his marriage?

As I discuss in this answer, the Shiva Purana describes the origin of the Godavari River.  According to this excerpt from the Kotirudra Samhita of the Shiva Purana, after the sage Gautama prays to Shiva for a long time, Shiva appears before him, and Gautama asks Shiva for the Ganga river to be brought near his hermitage at the Brahmagiri mountain.  This is what it says after that:

The essence of the earth and heaven had been extracted of yore, a part of this had been given to the sage [Gautama] by Brahma at his marriage.  What had been held over, lord Shiva favourably disposed towards his devotees, nowThe New Roasters Location on Bell Opens Today

It's been awhile and we have been watching the remodel and the construction and today is the day.

When Marshall's Coffee Company announced they would be closing their business after 21 years on August 5, 2017, everyone wondered what would happen to their building on Bell . Well, Roaster's purchased the building and they have been working on remodeling the building and getting it ready.

Today is the day, the new location is located at 4709 S. Bell, is officially open.

If you wanted delicious Roaster's coffee you had to drive to Soncy or Georiga. Now they are finally back in the Bell Area. Roaster's used to have a location in the old Hasting's at 45th and Teckla, but that has been many, many,


Thermal feedback in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: long-term remission of target symptoms.
Thermal feedback shows promise when applied to Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A female subject was followed over an 8-year period that included initial training, 1-year follow-up, and 8-year follow-up. Peripheral circulation was initially very poor, as evidenced by low basal fingertip temperatures and trophic lesions at the fingernails. An intensive 5-week training regimen in thermal self-regulation yielded evidence of hand warming, followed by an increase in basal finger temperature. Reported vasospasms were markedly reduced and the lesions healed in the ensuing weeks. As of the 1-year follow-up, the skill was intact. Symptoms remained in substantial remission throughout the 8-year period during which the subject practiced somatic relaxation and hand warming@cdnencyclopedia

Support The Canadian Encyclopedia

de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited

The Dash 8 Series 300, which appeared in 1988, was an extended version of the Series 100. The Series 200 went into production in 1995 and an 80-passenger Series 400 was in design.

de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited

De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited, with head offices in Toronto, is an aircraft manufacturer. Incorporated in Ontario in 1928, the company manufactures the DE HAVILLAND OTTER (now Twin Otter), the Buffalo (a military plane) and the DE HAVILLAND DASH 7 and Dash 8 aircraft. During the 1970s the company experienced difficulty when commuter airlines did not create the high demand for Dash 7s that de Havilland had expected. In 1974 the federal government purchased the company from its British owners, Hawker Siddeley


Aviation, and invested in research and development. But it was not until 1978, as airlines began facing deregulation in the US and higher fuel costs, that sales of the Dash 7 started to climb.

The Dash 8 Series 300, which appeared in 1988, was an extended version of the Series 100. The Series 200 went into production in 1995 and an 80-passenger Series 400 was in design. Continuing difficulties prompted government assistance in 1985 and in 1986 the company was sold to Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company of Seattle, Wash, for $155 million. In 1992, Bombardier and the Ontario government purchased the company from Boeing. It is now an integral component of Bombardier's Aerospace Group.

recommended

your friends are reading

You must be logged in to post a comment.

First World War CollectionThe FirstWatch InuYasha Online

InuYasha

Kagome Higurashi is a modern day young girl who lives with her family by the old Higure shrine. Unbeknownst to Kagome, she is the reincarnation of priestess Kikyo and posseses the "Jewel of... More

Kagome Higurashi is a modern day young girl who lives with her family by the old Higure shrine. Unbeknownst to Kagome, she is the reincarnation of priestess Kikyo and posseses the "Jewel of Four Souls" (the Shikon jewel). One ill-fated day, Kagome locates an ancient well near her home and is abruptly transported through the well and into a feudal Japan, inhabited by demons. There, she encounters Inuyasha, son of a powerful demon father and a human mother, who is pinned to a tree by an enchanted arrow.

Latest Episodes

Kagura tells Sesshomaru about The