Title stringlengths 1 395 ⌀	abstractText stringlengths 57 5.98k	meshMajor stringlengths 14 1.03k	pmid int64 22 33.2M	meshid stringlengths 2 3.14k	meshroot stringlengths 2 421	A int64 0 1	B int64 0 1	C int64 0 1	D int64 0 1	E int64 0 1	F int64 0 1	G int64 0 1	H int64 0 1	I int64 0 1	J int64 0 1	L int64 0 1	M int64 0 1	N int64 0 1	Z int64 0 1
Expression of p53 and coexistence of HPV in premalignant lesions and in cervical cancer.	Fifty-four paraffin embedded tissue sections from patients with dysplasia (21 cases) and with cervical cancer (33 cases) were analysed. HPV was detected and identified in two stages. Firstly, using mixed starters, chosen genomic DNA sequences were amplified; secondly the material thus obtained was analyzed by hybridization method using oligonucleotyde 31-P labelled probe. HPVs of type 6, 11, 16, 18, 33 were identified. The p-53 expression was assayed by immunohistochemical method. HPV infection was often associated with dysplasia and cervical cancer. In cervical cancer mainly HPV 16 and 18 with high oncogenic potential were found. The p-53 was present rarely, and in minute quantities. No correlation was observed between presence of p-53 and HPVs DNA.	['DNA Probes, HPV', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Uterine Cervical Dysplasia', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']	8,549,602	[['D13.444.600.223.555', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223.620', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.620'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['C04.834.818', 'C13.351.500.852.593.074'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vitamin D status in pregnant Indian women across trimesters and different seasons and its correlation with neonatal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.	The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the vitamin D status of pregnant Indian women and their breast-fed infants. Subjects were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics, Armed Forces Clinic and Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi. A total of 541 apparently healthy women with uncomplicated, single, intra-uterine gestation reporting in any trimester were consecutively recruited. Of these 541 women, 299 (first trimester, ninety-seven; second trimester, 125; third trimester, seventy-seven) were recruited in summer (April-October) and 242 (first trimester, fifty-nine, second trimester, ninety-three; third trimester, ninety) were recruited in winter (November-March) to study seasonal variations in vitamin D status. Clinical, dietary, biochemical and hormonal evaluations for the Ca-vitamin D-parathormone axis were performed. A subset of 342 mother-infant pairs was re-evaluated 6 weeks postpartum. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of pregnant women was 23.2 (SD 12.2) nmol/l. Hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) was observed in 96.3 % of the subjects. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in winter in the second and third trimesters, while serum intact parathormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in winter in all three trimesters. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and iPTH in mothers (r - 0.367, P = 0.0001) and infants (r - 0.56, P = 0.0001). A strong positive correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels of mother-infant pairs (r 0.779, P = 0.0001). A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was observed in pregnancy, lactation and infancy with no significant inter-trimester differences in serum 25(OH)D levels.	['Adult', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Breast Feeding', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infant', 'Infant Nutrition Disorders', 'Lactation', 'Mothers', 'Nutritional Status', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Trimesters', 'Seasons', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency', 'Vitamins', 'Young Adult']	21,736,816	[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C18.654.422'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['G08.686.707'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1
[Identification of a functionally important dipeptide in sequences of atypical opioid peptides].	The occurrence of individual amino acids and dipeptide fragments in the sequences of 60 known atypical opioid peptides was analyzed. An expressed predominance of Tyr-Pro fragment suggested a high probability of analgesic activity for this dipeptide, and it was experimentally studied. It was shown on somatic and visceral pain sensitivity models that, on the i.p. administration of Tyr-Pro at doses of 1.0-10 mg/kg of body mass, it exhibits an analgesic activity eliminated by naloxone and naloxone methiodide. However, in tests on ileum preparations of guinea pig and mouse vas deferens in vitro, Tyr-Pro was devoid of opioid activity, which proved its indirect influence on opioid receptors.	['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Dipeptides', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Opioid Peptides', 'Pain Measurement', 'Rats', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Receptors, Opioid']	19,060,934	[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['D12.644.400.575', 'D12.776.631.650.575'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Multilayer capsules: a promising microencapsulation system for transplantation of pancreatic islets.	In 1980, Lim and Sun introduced a microcapsule coated with an alginate/polylysine complex for encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Characteristic to this type of capsule is, that it consists of a plain membrane which is formed during a single procedural step. With such a simple process it is difficult to obtain instantly a membrane optimized with respect to all the properties requested for islet transplantation. To overcome these difficulties, it is recommended to build up the membrane in several consecutive steps, each optimized for a certain property. In this study, we have analysed such a multilayer microcapsule for the encapsulation of pancreatic islets. Therefore, empty and islet containing alginate beads were coated with alternating layers of polyethyleneimine, polyacrylacid or carboxymethylcellulose and alginate. By scanning electron microscopy the thickness of the covering multilayer-membrane was estimated to be less than 800 nm by comparison with an apparatus scale. Ellipsometric measurements showed that the membrane thickness is in the range of 145 nm. Neither the encapsulation procedure, nor the membrane-forming step did impede the stimulatory response of the islets. The encapsulation even lead to a significantly better stimulatory response of the encapsulated islets during week three and five of cell culture. Furthermore, the multilayer-membrane did not deteriorate the biocompatibility of the transplanted microcapsules, allowing an easy tuning of the molecular cut-off and the mechanical stability depending on the polycation-polyanion combination used. The multilayer membrane capsule has obvious advantages compared to a one-step encapsulation procedure. These beads guarantee a high biocompatibility, a precisely adjusted cut-off, an optimal insulin-response and high mechanical stability although the membrane is only 145 nm thick.	['Acrylic Resins', 'Alginates', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Biopolymers', 'Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Compressive Strength', 'Drug Compounding', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Materials Testing', 'Microspheres', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Particle Size', 'Permeability', 'Polyethyleneimine', 'Polyethylenes', 'Polylysine', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic']	11,426,874	[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D09.698.068'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['D09.698.365.180.663.329'], ['A11.251'], ['G01.374.180'], ['E05.916.270'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['E05.570'], ['E07.565'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.723'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['E07.695'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E04.936.800']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Nanohydrogel with N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystine crosslinker for high drug loading.	Substantially improved hydrogel particles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPA) have been obtained. First, as a result of replacing commercially available N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC), the crosslinker, with acryloyl derivative of cystine containing a carboxylic group (BISS), the hydrogel particles acquired improved stability vs. ionic strength and allowed further chemical modification of the chains, including the attachment of drug molecules. Next, a redox-initiated aqueous precipitation polymerization via the semi-batch method was used. This led to substantially increased BISS content and diminished size of the nanoparticles that made them suitable to an endocytic process. In addition, the obtained nanogels revealed high loading capacity of anticancer drug vs. dry gel (circa 16%) and they exhibited much better stability and enhanced drug release under the typical conditions existing in cancer cells. Size of obtained nanogels was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). It appeared that nanoparticle size was in the range from ca. 40 to 200nm. In 0.01M solution of glutathione (GSH) the -S-S- bonds were reduced and the nanogel particles were degraded. This could be seen in obtained SEM and TEM micrographs. The cytotoxicity investigation against the HeLa cells showed that DOX loaded nanogels were more cytotoxic (IC50=0.51ìM) than free DOX (IC50=0.83ìM), while unloaded nanogels did not inhibit proliferation of the cells. It was also found that the nanogels loaded with DOX reached a high intracellular concentration in HeLa cells just after 2h while free DOX needed 6h for that.	['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Cystine', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Liberation', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrogels', 'Nanoparticles']	28,323,099	[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390.369', 'D01.875.350.850.150.369', 'D02.886.030.230.369', 'D02.886.520.150.087', 'D12.125.095.369', 'D12.125.119.369', 'D12.125.166.230.369'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['J01.637.512.600']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
A new <i>Panolis</i> H?bner, [1821] species from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Orthosiini).	Panolis is a well-defined and compact Palearctic trifine Noctuidae genus within the subfamily Hadeninae, tribus Orthosiini. It is currently represented by seven species and one subspecies: Panolis flammea ([Denis & Schifferm?ller], 1775), Panolis japonica Draudt, 1935, Panolis variegatoides Poole, 1989, Panolis exquisita Draudt, 1950, Panolis pinicortex Draudt, 1950, Panolis pinicortex exornata Hreblay & Ronkay, 1997, Panolis estheri Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai & Hacker, 2010 and Panolis ningshan Wang, Fan, Owada, Wang & Nylin, 2014. Only one species (P. flammea) occurs in the Western Palearctic region, while all others are found in the eastern part of Asia. No Panolis species is known outside of the Palearctic region. The genus is connected to coniferous woodlands as the larvae are feed on various species of pines. Imagoes are on the wing during the spring, from late February until May. All Panolis species have an unmistakable, rather decorative external appearance with fine and conspicuous pink-red-purple or dark orange ground colouration, and remarkable noctuid patterns. Most recent information about the genus was provided by Wang et. al, 2014, including his description of a new species, and a morphological and molecular analysis in order to reconstructing the phylogeny of the genus, and exploring its Chines Oriental origin. Present paper contains the description of a new Panolis species found recently in Vietnam, from where the genus was not known so far. This discovery expands our knowledge about Panolis and support the statement of the Chines Oriental origin.	['Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Asia', 'Larva', 'Moths', 'Vietnam']	28,609,947	[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.252'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['Z01.252.145.945']]	['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Characterization of neutron field in a NPP workplace.	At the Krsko Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), albedo dosimeters are used for personal neutron dosimetry. Spectrometric measurements allow determination of reference dosimetric values of realistic neutron fields to be used for calibration of albedo dosimeters. The Laboratory for Neutron Metrology and Dosimetry from the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) was in charge of characterising neutron fields in the plant at two representative points with high neutron and gamma dose rate. Calibration of the dosimeters in the workplace used to be performed only by a spherical survey meter. Based on the reference dosimetric values, the Plant Dosimetry Laboratory has verified the response of albedo dosimeters.	['Algorithms', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'France', 'Internationality', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Power Plants', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radiation Protection', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']	17,416,593	[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['I01.615'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['N06.850.810.425'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	1	1
Tramadol vs dexmedetomidine for emergence agitation control in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia: prospective randomized controlled clinical study.	BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of an intraoperative single dose administration of tramadol and dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and postoperative recovery profile including pain, sedation, emerge reactions in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia.METHODS: Seventy-seven patient, aged 2-12, undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia was enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous 2 mg/kg tramadol (Group T; n = 39) or 1 ìg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group D; n = 38) after intubation. Heart rates (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before induction, at induction and every 5 min after induction. Observational pain scores (OPS), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scores, percentage of patients with OPS ? 4 or PAED scale items 4 or 5 with an intensity of 3 or 4, and Ramsay sedation scores (RSS) were recorded on arrival to the postoperative care unit (PACU) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 min. Extubation time and time to reach Alderete score > 9 were recorded.RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the HR and MAP 10 and 15 min after induction; increased the RSS 15, 30 and 45 min after arrival to PACU. OPS and PAED scores and percentage of patients with OPS ? 4 or PAED scale items 4 or 5 with an intensity of 3 or 4 in both groups did not show any significant difference. Extubation time and time to have Alderete score > 9 was significantly longer in Group D.CONCLUSION: Both tramadol and dexmedetomidine were effective for controlling pain and emergence agitation. When compared with tramadol intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and prolonged sedation were problems related with dexmedetomidine administration.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered, registration number: ISRCTN89326952 registration date: 14.07.2016.	['Adenoidectomy', 'Airway Extubation', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Bradycardia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Emergence Delirium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Male', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sevoflurane', 'Tonsillectomy', 'Tramadol']	28,283,018	[['E04.580.068'], ['E02.041.249', 'E05.008'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D03.383.129.308.245'], ['C10.597.606.337.500.500', 'C23.550.767.181', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500.500', 'F01.700.250.500.500', 'F03.615.350.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.514'], ['D02.355.601'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D02.355.601.810', 'D02.455.526.510.717'], ['E04.580.848'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.802', 'D02.092.668.387.750', 'D10.289.510.500.802']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Nucleotide diphosphates activate the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in mouse skeletal muscle.	Patch-clamp techniques were used to study the effects of internal nucleotide diphosphates on the KATP channel in mouse skeletal muscle. In inside-out patches, application of GDP (100 microM) and ADP (100 microM) reversibly increased the channel activity. In the presence of internal Mg2+ (1 mM), low concentrations of ADP (< 300 microM) enhanced channel activity and high concentrations of ADP (> 300 microM) limited channel opening while GDP activated the channel at all concentrations tested. In the absence of internal Mg2+, ADP decreased channel activity at all concentrations tested while GDP had no noticeable effect at submillimolar concentrations and inhibited channel activity at millimolar concentrations. GDP [beta S] (100 microM), which behaved as a weak GDP agonist in the presence of Mg2+, stimulated ADP-evoked activation whereas it inhibited GDP-evoked activation. The K+ channel opener pinacidil was found to activate the KATP channel but only in the presence of internal GDP, ADP and GDP [beta S]. The results are discussed in terms of the existence of multiple nucleotide binding sites, in charge of the regulation of the KATP channel.	['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Electrophysiology', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Magnesium', 'Mice', 'Muscles', 'Potassium Channels', 'Thionucleotides']	1,488,275	[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Using Standardized Checklists Increase the Completion Rate of Critical Actions in an Evacuation from the Operating Room: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Study.	INTRODUCTION: Hospital evacuations of patients with special needs are extremely challenging, and it is difficult to train hospital workers for this rare event.Hypothesis/Problem:Researchers developed an in-situ simulation study investigating the effect of standardized checklists on the evacuation of a patient under general anesthesia from the operating room (OR) and hypothesized that checklists would improve the completion rate of critical actions and decrease evacuation time.METHODS: A vertical evacuation of the high-fidelity manikin (SimMan3G; Laerdal Inc.; Norway) was performed and participants were asked to lead the team and evacuate the manikin to the ground floor after a mock fire alarm. Participants were randomized to two groups: one was given an evacuation checklist (checklist group [CG]) and the other was not (non-checklist group [NCG]). A total of 19 scenarios were run with 28 participants.RESULTS: Mean scenario time, preparation phase of evacuation, and time to transport the manikin down the stairs did not differ significantly between groups (P = .369, .462, and .935, respectively). The CG group showed significantly better performance of critical actions, including securing the airway, taking additional drug supplies, and taking additional equipment supplies (P = .047, .001, and .001, respectively). In the post-evacuation surveys, 27 out of 28 participants agreed that checklists would improve the evacuation process in a real event.CONCLUSION: Standardized checklists increase the completion rate of pre-defined critical actions in evacuations out of the OR, which likely improves patient safety. Checklist use did not have a significant effect on total evacuation time.	['Checklist', 'Civil Defense', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Natural Disasters', 'Operating Rooms', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Safety', 'Simulation Training', 'Time Factors', 'United States']	31,389,323	[['N05.715.360.300.179'], ['I01.451.227'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.100.230'], ['N02.278.388.700'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['I02.903.847'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]	['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
Tolerability of the low-affinity, use-dependent NMDA antagonist AR-R15896AR in stroke patients: a dose-ranging study.	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: AR-R15896AR is a use-dependent, low-affinity blocker of the NMDA ion channel with neuroprotective effects in animal models of focal cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to establish the highest safe and tolerated loading and maintenance dosing regimen of AR-R15896AR in acute ischemic stroke patients and to determine the associated plasma concentrations of AR-R15896AR.METHODS: This was a 4-part, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 175 patients (mean age, 69 years) within 24 hours of acute stroke symptom recognition. Ascending 60-minute intravenous infusion loading doses of AR-R15896AR were initially examined (100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 mg or placebo in 3:1 randomization, n=36 treated); in part 2, 250, 275, or 300 mg was compared with placebo (n=33). In part 3, a 250-mg loading dose was followed by 9 maintenance doses of 60, 75, 90, 105, or 120 mg every 8 hours versus placebo in 3:1 randomization (n=59); subsequently, in part 4, maintenance doses of 90, 105, and 120 mg after the 250-mg loading dose were directly randomized against placebo (n=42). Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics were the primary end points; NIHSS at 1 week and Barthel and modified Rankin scores at 1 month were also recorded, but the study was neither designed nor powered to assess efficacy.RESULTS: Rates for mortality and serious adverse events (SAE) were similar in active and placebo groups (9% mortality and 23% SAE for all active combined versus 11% mortality and 33% SAE for placebo). Adverse events associated with AR-R15896AR were dizziness, vomiting, nausea, stupor, and some agitation/hallucination. Withdrawal from treatment occurred only in response to loading doses with AR-R15896AR: placebo, 3 of 46 (7%); 250 mg, 11 of 89 (12%); 275 mg, 1 of 8 (12.5%); and 300 mg, 3 of 15 (20%). No significant difference in outcome was observed between groups. Plasma concentrations of AR-R15896AR were 1524+/-536 ng/mL at the end of the 250-mg loading infusion and were 1847+/-478 ng/mL at steady state after the 9 maintenance doses of 120 mg.CONCLUSIONS: The maximum tolerated loading infusion of AR-R15896AR in this study was 250 mg over a period of 1 hour. Subsequent maintenance infusions of 120 mg every 8 hours were well tolerated. With these doses, putative neuroprotective concentrations of 1240 ng/mL are attained by the loading dose and are satisfactorily maintained thereafter. The loading dose may be improved further by adjustment on an individual patient basis, but tolerability issues remain.	['Aged', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Pyridines', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']	11,157,184	[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Spatial distribution of external and internal intercostal activity in dogs.	1. The observation that the external and internal interosseous intercostal muscles in the dog show marked regional differences in mechanical advantage has prompted us to re-examine the topographic distribution of electrical activity among these muscles during spontaneous breathing. 2. Inspiratory activity was recorded only from the areas of the external intercostals with an inspiratory mechanical advantage, and expiratory activity was recorded only from the areas of the internal intercostals with an expiratory mechanical advantage. The expiratory discharges previously recorded from the caudal external intercostals and the inspiratory discharges recorded from the rostral internal intercostals were probably due to cross-contamination. 3. Activity in each muscle area was also quantified relative to the activity measured during tetanic, supramaximal nerve stimulation (maximal activity). External intercostal inspiratory activity was consistently greater in the areas with a greater inspiratory advantage (i.e. the dorsal aspect of the rostral segments) than in the areas with a smaller inspiratory advantage, and internal intercostal expiratory activity was invariably greatest in the areas with the greatest expiratory advantage (i.e. the dorsal aspect of the caudal segments). 4. This topographic distribution of neural drive confers to the external intercostal muscles an inspiratory action on the lung during breathing and to the internal interosseous intercostals an expiratory action.	['Animals', 'Apnea', 'Dogs', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Electrophysiology', 'Hypercapnia', 'Intercostal Muscles', 'Pressure', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Mechanics']	10,373,710	[['B01.050'], ['C08.618.085', 'C23.888.852.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C23.888.852.544'], ['A02.633.567.900.500'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['G09.772.705.700']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome is associated with Tumor Biomarkers in Lung Cancer.	Lung cancer is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. More evidences indicated that gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers by metabolism, inflammation and immune response. However, the study about the characterizations of gut microbiome in lung cancer is limited. In this study, the fecal samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals and 30 lung cancer patients who were divided into 3 groups based on different tumor biomarkers (cytokeratin 19 fragment, neuron specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen, respectively) and were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Each lung cancer group has characterized gut microbial community and presents an elimination, low-density, and loss of bacterial diversity microbial ecosystem compared to that of the healthy control. The microbiome structures in family and genera levels are more complex and significantly varied from each group presenting more different and special pathogen microbiome such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Prevotella, etc and fewer probiotic genera including Blautia, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and COG annotation demonstrated decreased abundance of some dominant metabolism-related pathways in the lung cancer. This study explores for the first time the features of gut microbiome in lung cancer patients and may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of lung cancer system, with the implication that gut microbiota may serve as a microbial marker and contribute to the derived metabolites, development and differentiation in lung cancer system.	['Aged', 'Bacteria', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Dysbiosis', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S']	31,595,156	[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B03'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C23.550.308'], ['A12.459'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.686.670']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Male Urethral Stricture: American Urological Association Guideline.	PURPOSE: The purpose of this Guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of male urethral stricture.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature using the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases (search dates 1/1/1990 to 12/1/2015) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed publications relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of urethral stricture. The review yielded an evidence base of 250 articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. These publications were used to create the Guideline statements. Evidence-based statements of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendation were developed based on benefits and risks/burdens to patients. Additional guidance is provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinion when insufficient evidence existed.RESULTS: The Panel identified the most common scenarios seen in clinical practice related to the treatment of urethral strictures. Guideline statements were developed to aid the clinician in optimal evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of patients presenting with urethral strictures.CONCLUSIONS: Successful treatment of male urethral stricture requires selection of the appropriate endoscopic or surgical procedure based on anatomic location, length of stricture, and prior interventions. Routine use of imaging to assess stricture characteristics will be required to apply evidence based recommendations, which must be applied with consideration of patient preferences and personal goals. As scientific knowledge relevant to urethral stricture evolves and improves, the strategies presented here will be amended to remain consistent with the highest standards of clinical care.	['Endoscopy', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Societies, Medical', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Urethral Stricture', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male', 'Urology']	27,497,791	[['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C12.777.767.700.700', 'C13.351.968.767.700.700'], ['E04.950.774.860'], ['H02.403.810.860']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1
Radiobiologic risk estimation from dental radiology. Part I. Absorbed doses to critical organs.	The aim of the present study was to generate one consistent set of data for evaluating and comparing radiobiologic risks from different dental radiographic techniques. To accomplish this goal, absorbed doses were measured in fourteen anatomic sites from (1) five different panoramic machines with the use of rare-earth screens, (2) a twenty-film complete-mouth survey with E-speed film, long round cone, (3) a twenty-film complete-mouth survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone, (4) a four-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long round cone, and (5) a four-film interproximal survey with E-speed film, long rectangular cone. The dose to the thyroid gland, the active bone marrow, the brain, and the salivary glands was evaluated by means of exposure of a tissue-equivalent phantom, fitted with lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) at the relevant locations.	['Bone Marrow', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Equipment Design', 'Film Dosimetry', 'Humans', 'Mandible', 'Models, Structural', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiobiology', 'Radiography, Panoramic', 'Risk Factors', 'Salivary Glands', 'Thyroid Gland', 'X-Ray Film', 'X-Ray Intensifying Screens']	3,165,508	[['A15.382.216'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.799.638.420', 'N06.850.810.370.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['H01.158.273.789'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.750', 'E06.342.764.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['A06.300.900'], ['E07.960'], ['E07.970']]	['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0
Massive Chondroblastoma of the Talus: Treatment With En Bloc Talectomy and Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis: Long-Term Follow-up of a Case.	Chondroblastomas are benign bone tumors that are usually located at epiphyseal regions of long bones, and are rarely located at the talus. The usual treatment consists of curettage and filling of the bone defect with bone either bone grafts or some other material, such as cement. The authors present a case of a massive chondroblastma of the talus, extending outside of bone boundaries and with a huge soft tissue mass and invasion of the adjacent calcaneus. Management included an en bloc talectomy through a double medial and lateral approach, and curettage and filling with cement of the calcaneal extension. Reconstruction was done by means of a tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis. At 11 years of follow-up, no tumor recurrence has occurred, and the AOFAS functional score is 83 out of 100 points.LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level IV: Therapeutic.	['Adult', 'Arthrodesis', 'Bone Cements', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Calcaneus', 'Chondroblastoma', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Talus', 'Tibia']	27,798,068	[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.555.100'], ['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.300'], ['C04.557.450.565.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.780'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
Alternative pathways of apoptosis induced by methylprednisolone and valinomycin analyzed by flow cytometry.	Apoptosis of murine thymocytes induced by either methylprednisolone or valinomycin was studied by flow cytometry. The apoptosis induced by methylprednisolone followed three stages: an initial decrease in cell volume, indicated by a fall in forward scatter accompanied by faint ethidium bromide staining, a second stage in which the cells became brightly stained by ethidium bromide, and a final stage when the cells were apparently less fluorescent as the nuclei disintegrated into apoptotic bodies. As the forward scatter of cells decreased there was a simultaneous depolarization of the cells and an elevation of intracellular calcium. These early changes preceded the fragmentation of the DNA which also preceded the intense staining of the cells by ethidium bromide. Methylprednisolone-induced apoptosis was inhibited by low concentrations (1 x 10(-7) M) of valinomycin and nonactin, neither of which could themselves induce apoptosis at these low concentrations. Cadmidazolium and cycloheximide arrested the program at an early stage. Okadaic acid allowed volume loss and ethidium bromide staining to proceed in the absence of DNA fragmentation. At high concentrations (1 x 10(-5) M) valinomycin induced a form of apoptosis, but nonactin only caused the cells to fragment. The valinomycin-induced apoptosis, although it involved the degradation of DNA and the disintegration of the nuclei into apoptotic bodies, differed from the methylprednisolone apoptosis as it did not involve a decrease of cell volume and was not inhibited by cycloheximide or affected by okadaic acid.	['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cycloheximide', 'DNA Damage', 'Ethers, Cyclic', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macrolides', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Mice', 'Okadaic Acid', 'Thymus Gland', 'Valinomycin']	8,375,466	[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['G05.200'], ['D02.355.291', 'D04.345.241'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.355.291.705', 'D23.946.580.710'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D04.345.566.297.500', 'D12.644.641.297.500']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methotrexate leukoencephalopathy presenting as Kl?ver-Bucy syndrome and uncinate seizures.	Methotrexate causes several biochemical changes that impact the nervous system. The neurotoxicity usually affects the cerebral white matter, causing a leukoencephalopathy that can be chronic and progressive with cognitive decline. A 15-year-old male developed olfactory seizures and behavioral abnormalities (hypersexuality, placidity, and memory disturbances) compatible with partial Kl?ver-Bucy syndrome after treatment for central nervous system leukemia with intraventricular methotrexate. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed evidence of white matter disease affecting both temporal lobes. A brain biopsy revealed a necrotizing encephalopathy compatible with methotrexate-related white matter injury. It may be prudent to verify normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics before the administration of intraventricular methotrexate in children with a history of central nervous system leukemia.	['Adolescent', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Brain', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epilepsies, Partial', 'Humans', 'Kluver-Bucy Syndrome', 'Leukemia', 'Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal', 'Male', 'Methotrexate']	11,992,760	[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.171'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['C10.228.140.490.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.380.326', 'F03.615.400.431'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C01.207.245.340.500', 'C01.207.399.750.500', 'C01.925.182.525.500', 'C01.925.256.721.500', 'C01.925.839.550', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.500', 'C10.228.140.695.750', 'C10.228.228.245.340.500', 'C10.228.228.399.750.500', 'C10.314.450'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Influence of genetic variation in alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase on serotonin metabolism.	The influence of genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; EC 1.2.1.3) on the metabolic pattern of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in humans was examined from the relative urinary concentrations of the end products 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL). Healthy Caucasian (Swedish) and Oriental (Chinese) subjects were genotyped for ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 by a PCR/SSCP technique. The 5-HTOL/5-HIAA ratios ranged between 0.9-9.4 pmol/nmol (4.4 +/- 1.8, mean +/- SD, n = 143). No significant difference in the 5-HT metabolic pattern was observed between Caucasians and Orientals (4.3 +/- 1.8 and 4.4 +/- 1.8 pmol/nmol, respectively), nor between any of the ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 genotypes. Despite the modulatory effects of genetic variation of these enzymes on ethanol metabolism, the present results indicate that the individual isozyme composition of ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 is not important for the metabolic pattern of 5-HT.	['Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Aldehyde Dehydrogenase', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Ethanol', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Serotonin']	8,035,649	[['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.249'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D02.033.375'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Maternal and neonatal red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inversely associate with infant whole-body fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.	Research regarding polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and body composition in neonates is limited. This study tested the relationship between newborn docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status and body composition. Healthy mothers and their term-born infants (n = 100) were studied within 1 month postpartum for anthropometry and whole-body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maternal and infant red blood cell (RBC) membrane PUFA profiles were measured using gas chromatography (expressed as percentage of total fatty acids). Data were grouped according to infant RBC DHA quartiles and tested for differences in n-3 status and infant body composition using mixed-model ANOVA, Spearman correlations, and regression analyses (P < 0.05). Mothers were 32.2 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD) of age, infants (54% males) were 0.68 ± 0.23 month of age, and 80% exclusively breastfed. Infant RBC DHA (ranged 3.96% to 7.75% of total fatty acids) inversely associated with infant fat mass (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Infant and maternal RBC n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (r2 = 0.28, P = 0.043; r2 = 0.28, P = 0.041 respectively) were positively associated with fat mass. These results demonstrate that both maternal and infant long-chain PUFA status are associated with neonatal body composition. Novelty Our findings support an early window to further explore the relationship between infant n-3 PUFA status and body composition. Maternal and infant n-3 PUFA status is inversely related to neonatal whole-body fat mass. DHA appears to be the best candidate to test in the development of a lean body phenotype.	['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Body Composition', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Erythrocytes', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mothers']	31,437,414	[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D10.251.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
Airway complications after lung transplantation: treatment and long-term outcome.	BACKGROUND: Airway complications are a significant cause of morbidity after lung transplantation. Effective treatment reduces the impact of these complications.METHODS: Data from 123 lung (99 single, 24 bilateral) transplants were reviewed. Potential risk factors for airway complications were analyzed. Stenoses were treated with expanding metal (Gianturco) stents.RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 749 days. Thirty-five complications developed in 28 recipients (complication rate: 23.8%/anastomosis). Mean time to diagnosis was 47 days. Only Aspergillus infection and airway necrosis were significantly associated with development of complications (p < 0.00001 and p < 0.03, respectively). Stenosis was diagnosed an average of 42 days posttransplant. Average decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was 39%. Eighteen patients (13 single and 5 bilateral) required stent insertion. Mean increase in FEV1 poststenting was 87%. Two stent patients died from infectious complications. Six patients required further intervention. Long-term survival and FEV1 did not differ from nonstented patients.CONCLUSIONS: Aspergillus and airway necrosis are associated with the development of airway complications. Expanding metal stents are an effective long-term treatment.	['Bronchial Diseases', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']	11,269,487	[['C08.127'], ['C23.300.287'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]	['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Postnatal changes in the overall postsynaptic currents evoked in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus.	Evoked fast postsynaptic currents (fPSCs) during the postnatal development of rats (postnatal day 6-70, P6-P70) were systematically examined in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons using whole-cell recordings with biocytin-filled electrodes. Focal stimulation of the stratum radiatum in the CA1 region elicited fPSCs in 80% of the neurons P6-7, 90% of P9-10, and 100% of > or =P11. In neurons P6-7, the fPSCs were exclusively inward and had multiple (on average 5.6) peaks. The fPSCs increased in amplitude with the growth of dendritic arborization, but decreased in the number of peaks. A distinct outward fPSC following the inward fPSC emerged in neurons > or =P11 and was abolished by bicuculline (50 microM). Bicuculline increased the amplitude and duration of the initial inward fPSC (fEPSC) in all age groups and characteristically recruited the polysynaptic second component of fEPSCs in neurons P11-P21. No spontaneous periodic inward current was detected in any age group after blocking GABAA receptors. The coapplication of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 100 microM) with bicuculline did not eliminate the polysynaptic second component, but the second component was only elicited in slices in which the CA3 region was kept intact. Moreover, the bicuculline- and AP5-resistant second component was due to the burst activity of CA3 pyramidal neurons, which were excited through excitatory recurrents of the Schaffer collaterals. Plausible physiological functions of the generation of the second component in vivo were discussed.	['6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Bicuculline', 'Electrophysiology', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Female', 'GABA Antagonists', 'Hippocampus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lidocaine', 'Male', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']	12,467,875	[['D03.633.100.857.160'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
In-situ synthesis of carbon nanotube-graphite electronic devices and their integrations onto surfaces of live plants and insects.	Here we report an unconventional approach for the single-step synthesis of monolithically integrated electronic devices based on multidimensional carbon structures. Integrated arrays of field-effect transistors and sensors composed of carbon nanotube channels and graphitic electrodes and interconnects were formed directly from the synthesis. These fully integrated, all-carbon devices are highly flexible and can be transferred onto both planar and nonplanar substrates, including papers, clothes, and fingernails. Furthermore, the sensor network can be interfaced with inherent life forms in nature for monitoring environmental conditions. Examples of significant applications are the integration of the devices to live plants or insects for real-time, wireless sensing of toxic gases.	['Animals', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Gases', 'Graphite', 'Insecta', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Plants']	24,742,260	[['B01.050'], ['E05.601.043'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D01.362'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['B01.650']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
Continuous quality improvement, total quality management, and reengineering: one hospital's continuous quality improvement journey.	In recent years, there has been significantly increasing interest in the application of continuous quality improvement (CQI) and total quality management (TQM) in the health care arena. This case analysis is designed to identify and assess the strategies and processes that led to the successful implementation of CQI in the Emergency Care Center at St. Mary's Hospital in Grand Rapids, MI.	['Admitting Department, Hospital', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Humans', 'Inservice Training', 'Institutional Management Teams', 'Management Quality Circles', 'Michigan', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Organizational Culture', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Patient Admission', 'Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Total Quality Management']	9,735,478	[['N02.278.216.500.968.040', 'N04.452.442.452.422.040'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.574'], ['N04.452.460'], ['N04.452.677.420'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N04.452.606'], ['N04.452.610'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['N04.761.559.650', 'N05.715.360.575.625'], ['N04.452.955', 'N04.761.700.675', 'N05.700.792']]	['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency presenting with hypercalcemia in a patient on long-term hemodialysis.	The authors report on a 44-year-old female hemodialysis (HD) patient who presented with hypercalcemia secondary to isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. She had been suffering from nausea and abdominal pain caused by recurrent esophageal ulcer. Blood calcium (Ca) adjusted for serum albumin concentration was increased to 14.9 mg/dL (3.72 mmol/L) concurrently with fever and hypotension. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide was not elevated, but serum intact PTH and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 were decreased to 31 pg/mL (ng/L) and 8.1 pg/mL (2.6 pmol/L), respectively. Endocrinologic examination found that plasma ACTH was reduced below 5.0 pg/mL (0.22 pmol/L). A single ACTH stimulation normally increased blood cortisol, whereas a single corticotropin-releasing hormone injection failed to increase plasma ACTH and cortisol. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging disclosed no enlargement of pituitary gland. Circulating bone formation and absorption markers were not elevated. Blood Ca was normalized shortly after pamidronate disodium administration without glucocorticoid supplementation. This case suggested that secondary adrenal insufficiency caused by isolated ACTH deficiency could be an occult cause of severe hypercalcemia in HD subjects.	['Adrenal Insufficiency', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'Calcitriol', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Diphosphonates', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'Pamidronate', 'Renal Dialysis']	12,900,850	[['C19.053.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['D02.705.429.500'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['C18.452.174.451', 'C18.452.950.340'], ['C19.642.482'], ['D02.705.429.500.858'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]	['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
[An experimental study on the therapeutic effects of eustachian tube surfactant in barotitis media].	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of surfactant on eustachian tube (ET) on the opening of ET as well as it's therapeutic role in barotitis media (BM).METHOD: 50 guinea pigs were successfully established as BM models by stimulated ascending in altitude chamber. Parts of the models were treated with by middle ear flushing with nature ETS, artificial ETS, artificial phospholipid and saline, after which the eustachian tube pressure opening level (POL) of each group was tested. Others were injected with 1 ml artificial ETS in on side of the middle ear, and 1 ml of saline in the other served as control.RESULT: Natural ETS decreased the POL from 11.98 to 6.11 kPa (P < 0.01); Artificial ETS reduced the POL from 11.91 to 6.67 kPa (P < 0.01), there were no significant differences between the two groups. Artificial phospholipid decreased the POL from 11.86 to 8.61 kPa (P < 0.05), which was not as effective as natural ETS. While the POL of saline group remained unchanged. After one week of artificial ETS treatment, the congestion in drum membrane alleviated, the hearing threshold of ETS group improved and the effusion in tympanic cavity lessened.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that artificial ETS is as effective as nature ETS to facilitates the opening of eustachian tube. Artificial ETS may exert therapeutic effects on BM.	['Animals', 'Barotrauma', 'Eustachian Tube', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Surface-Active Agents']	15,515,553	[['B01.050'], ['C26.120'], ['A09.246.397.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['D27.720.877']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Purification of plasma membrane from Acanthamoeba castellanii.	A simple method for isolation of plasma membrane from Acanthamoeba using self-generating gradients of Percoll is described. To obtain a membrane marker, intact amoebae were radioiodinated and the distribution of the radiolabel was followed through the plasma membrane isolation procedure. The purity of isolated plasma membrane was assessed by enrichment of radiolabel, by electron microscopy, and by enzymatic assays for contaminating membranes. As judged from enrichment of radiolabel, a 37-fold purification of plasma membrane was obtained. We estimate that 80% of the total protein was from plasma membrane and 10% from membrane-associated actin.	['Acanthamoeba', 'Actins', 'Animals', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cell Membrane', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Electron']	3,184,000	[['B01.046.500.100.075.080'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.242.251'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis at birth: what is the value of testing for IgM and IgA?	UNLABELLED: Recommendations vary on the best combination of tests to use for the diagnosis of subclinical congenital toxoplasmosis at birth. The diagnostic accuracy of IgM and IgA tests was assessed in the context of routine clinical practice on 233 newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis and 661 healthy controls. IgM/IgA sensibility and specificity were compared in cord and postnatal samples. Both tests were considerably more specific in neonatal blood (IgM: 98%; IgA: 100%) than in cordblood (IgM: 85%; IgA: 88%). Sensitivity for IgM and IgA was not significantly different in neonatal blood (61% and 60%, respectively) and cord blood (67% and 54%, respectively). Combining IgM and IgA increased the overall sensitivity to 73% without any significant loss in specificity (98%). The influence of the date of maternal infection on the sensitivity and negative predictive value was also clearly demonstrated.CONCLUSION: Because of their relatively low cost compared to more sophisticated methods, IgM and IgA tests should remain the main method for the routine diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis although follow up is essential to identify the Ca. 25% of infected children who are missed at birth on the basis of these tests.	['Agglutination Tests', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Toxoplasmosis, Congenital']	10,445,343	[['E01.370.225.812.735.050', 'E05.200.812.735.050', 'E05.478.594.760.050'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C01.207.205.300.900', 'C01.610.752.250.800.445', 'C10.228.228.205.300.900', 'C16.614.909']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Studies of IgG-class anticardiolipin antibodies in myasthenia gravis.	IgG-class anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG-ACA) were found in 25% of patients with myasthenia gravis. The prevalence and the level distribution were significantly different from those of a normal donor population (p < 0.001). In myastenic patients, IgG-ACA bound negatively charged, but not zwitterionic, phospholipids. They were significantly associated with the thymic abnormalities, thymoma and thymic hyperplasia, but not with various factors such as age, sex, antinuclear antibodies, severity of the disease and clinical thrombosis. The IgG-ACA levels did not correlate with titers of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Thus in Myasthenia Gravis, asymptomatic IgG-ACA could reflect an immune dysregulation under the influence of thymic alterations.	['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Anticardiolipin', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Autoantibodies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Receptors, Cholinergic']	7,999,956	[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
The effects of the inotropic agent EMD 57033 on activation and relaxation kinetics in frog skinned skeletal muscle.	The effect of the cardiotonic sensitizing drug EMD 57033 was studied in frog skinned skeletal muscle fibres at 12 degrees C to provide a baseline for skeletal muscle studies and for comparison with cardiac fibres. The activation and relaxation of fibres were induced by laser flash photolysis of the caged calcium NP-EGTA, and caged calcium chelator diazo-2 respectively. EMD 57033 (10 microM) slightly increased the rate of relaxation (rate constant k1 changing from 24.0 +/- 2.9 s-1 in control to 28.1 +/- 3.2 s-1) but had no significant effect on the rate of activation (k1 = 9.6 +/- 0.9 s-1 in control conditions, 9.7 +/- 1.6 s-1 with EMD 57033). The effect of the optical isomer of EMD 57033, EMD 57439, was examined on steady-state force and relaxation rate. EMD57439 (10 microM) slowed the rate of relaxation (k1 = 20.5 +/- 2.4 s-1) but had no effect on the maximal calcium-activated force whereas EMD 57033 increased it by 16.5 +/- 5.7%. These results are compared to earlier results from this laboratory in guinea-pig skinned trabeculae, and a possible model for the action of EMD 57033 whereby the drug enhances force per cross-bridge is discussed.	['Animals', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Chelating Agents', 'Diazonium Compounds', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Histological Techniques', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phenoxyacetates', 'Quinolines', 'Rana temporaria', 'Thiadiazines']	11,417,210	[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D02.172.383'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D02.241.081.018.386.682', 'D02.241.511.316.682'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.420'], ['D02.886.665.785', 'D03.383.855.785']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy associated with intravascular occlusive fibrin thrombi.	Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a rare cutaneous microangiopathy that clinically resembles generalized essential telangiectasia with only 12 cases reported to date. The perivascular fibrosis is thought to be due to production of abnormal collagen by veil cells in the outer vessel walls as a result of unknown factors. This report is of an 84-year-old male with progressive telangiectasia. Biopsies showed characteristic features of CCV. In addition, there were multiple intravascular fibrin thrombi, some organizing and associated with endothelial cell hyperplasia with recanalization reminiscent of glomeruloid bodies and simulating reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE). Histochemically and ultrastructurally fibrin was noted within the vessel walls integrating into the fibrous tissue around the vessels; however, the patient had no evidence of coagulation disorder, cryoglobulinemia or cold agglutinemia. Immunofluorescence showed fibrinogen within the vessel walls but no immunoglobulins or C3. As well, there were minimal inflammatory cells. This suggests pauci-inflammatory injury to the endothelial cells by unknown angiogenic factors causing local intravascular fibrin thrombi with fibrin leaking and incorporating into the vessel walls, eventually leading to reparative perivascular fibrosis. This case suggests that some cases of CCV are related to a primary local intravascular occlusive thrombotic microangiopathy. However, the primary triggering factor causing the endothelial cell damage has yet to be elucidated.	['Aged, 80 and over', 'Fibrin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases, Vascular', 'Thrombosis', 'Thrombotic Microangiopathies']	24,350,781	[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800.862'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['C15.378.140.855.925']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Assessment of Hurricane Ivan impact on chlorophyll-a in Pensacola Bay by MODIS 250 m remote sensing.	The impact of Hurricane Ivan on water quality in Pensacola Bay was investigated by MODIS 250m remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentrations at different time slots before and after the hurricane event. Before the hurricane, the mean chlorophyll-a in the Bay was 5.3 ìg/L. Heavy rainfall occurred during the hurricane landfall. The 48 h rainfall reached 40cm and the peak storm surge reached 3m on 9/16. After the rainstorm and during the storm surge on 9/17/2004, the mean chlorophyll-a concentration substantially increased to 14.7 ìg/L. 26.3% water area was in the poor-water-quality condition (chl-a>20 ìg/L). This indicates that heavy nutrient loads from urban stormwater runoff and storm-surge inundation simulated chlorophyll bloom. After the end of the storm surge on 9/18/2004, the mean chlorophyll dropped to 2.0 ìg/L, suggesting the effective flushing of polluted water from the bay to the Gulf of Mexico by the storm-surge. The good water quality condition lasted for almost several weeks after the storm surge. The peak river flow, arriving on the 4th day after the peak storm surge, did not alter the good water quality situation in the bay. This indicates that urban stormwater runoff rather than the river inflow is the major pollutant source for water quality in Pensacola Bay during the hurricane.	['Chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Cyclonic Storms', 'Environment', 'Eutrophication', 'Florida', 'Linear Models', 'Phytoplankton', 'Rain', 'Remote Sensing Technology', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Pollution, Chemical']	21,272,900	[['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['G16.500.175.500', 'N06.230.100.230.100'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G16.500.285'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['B05.080.500.600'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['E01.370.520.750.500', 'E05.925.500', 'L01.178.847.675.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.460.790.410']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	1
Familial partial monosomy 5p and trisomy 5q; three cases due to paternal pericentric inversion 5 (p151q333).	A family is described in which the mother's 9 pregnancies ended in the birth of 2 healthy girls, 4 spontaneous abortions and 3 infants with multiple congenital malformations as bird-headed appearance, pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, micrognathia with small mouth and cat-like cry. Two of the three affected sibs had complex cardiac malformations incompatible with life; the third had a bicuspid aortic valve. Chromosomal investigation revealed an abnormal karyotype: 46,XX,rec(5),dupq,inv(5)(p151q333)pat, leading to a partial monosomy 5p and partial trisomy 5q. A large pericentric inversion of chromosome 5 was found in the father: 46,XY,inv(5)(p151q333) as well as in the firstborn healthy female sib. The clinical features partly fit the partial monosomy 5p as well as the partial trisomy 5q syndrome.	['Adult', 'Child', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosome Inversion', 'Chromosomes, Human, 4-5', 'Cri-du-Chat Syndrome', 'Dermatoglyphics', 'Female', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Karyotyping', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Trisomy']	6,478,641	[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['C23.550.210.190', 'G05.365.590.175.190', 'G05.365.590.770.500', 'G05.558.805.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.280', 'G05.360.162.520.300.280'], ['C10.597.606.360.180', 'C16.131.077.262', 'C16.131.260.190', 'C16.320.180.190'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.375', 'I01.198.780.937.343', 'N04.452.910.099.500'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0
The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden 1954-1970. II. Analysis of the various syndromes.	From an unselected series of 560 Swedish cases of cerebral palsy, born 1954-1970, various data of etiologic and pathogenetic interest were analyzed in detail. Untraceable and prenatal factors were found to dominate within the group of spastic hemiplegia. Placental dysfunction in small-for-date babies and severe asphyxia were thought to be the two main pathogenetic factors among the patients with spastic tetraplegia. In spite of a significant decrease in the number of low birth weight children within the group of spastic diplegia, this syndrome was still very characteristic for the child born immature. Ataxic diplegic forms were found to have greater pathogenic similarities to spastic diplegia than to simple ataxia. In two-thirds of the children the latter syndrome was characterized by normal pregnancy, delivery and birth weight and an untraceable (genetic?) factor. Dyskinetic syndromes were mostly encountered after perinatal asphyxia.	['Adolescent', 'Asphyxia Neonatorum', 'Ataxia', 'Athetosis', 'Birth Weight', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hemiplegia', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intelligence', 'Movement Disorders', 'Placenta Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Quadriplegia', 'Sweden']	1,130,175	[['M01.060.057'], ['C16.614.092'], ['C10.597.350.090', 'C23.888.592.350.090'], ['C10.597.350.110', 'C23.888.592.350.110'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C10.597.622.295', 'C23.888.592.636.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.752.543'], ['C10.228.662'], ['C13.703.590'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
Top-down protein identification/characterization of a priori unknown proteins via ion trap collision-induced dissociation and ion/ion reactions in a quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer.	The identification and characterization of a priori unknown proteins from an Escherichia coli (E. coli) soluble protein lysate using ion trap collision-induced dissociation of intact protein ions followed by ion/ion reactions in a quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer is illustrated. The procedure involved the submission of uninterpreted product ion spectra to a peak-picking program and then to ProSightPTM for searching against an E. coli database. Examples are provided for the identification and characterization of both modified and unmodified unknown proteins with masses up to approximately 28 kDa. The availability of protein intact mass along with sequence information makes possible the characterization of proteins with post-translational modifications, such as disulfide linkages, as well as protein isoforms whose sequences are absent from a database, provided that a related form of the gene product is present in the database. This work demonstrates that the quadrupole/time-of-flight platform, in conjunction with ion-ion proton transfer reactions, can be adapted to obtain primary structure information from entire protein ions, rather than simply N- or C-terminal information from low mass-to-charge products, for proteins as large as several tens of kilodaltons.	['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Extracts', 'Complex Mixtures', 'Databases, Protein', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']	19,199,571	[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D20.777.162'], ['D20'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.880']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
Quantification of peroxynitrite, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals by a new spin trap hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine.	The reactions of hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine hydrochloride (TEMPONE-H) with peroxynitrite, superoxide and peroxyl radicals were studied. It was shown that under these reactions TEMPONE-H is oxidized into a stable nitroxide 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidi-noxyl (TEMPONE). The reactivity of TEMPONE-H towards reactive oxygen species was compared with the spin traps DMPO and TMIO as well as with DMSO and SOD. The rate constants of reactions of TEMPONE-H with peroxynitrite and superoxide radicals were 6 x 10(9) M(-1)s(-1) and 1.2x10(4) M(-1)s(-1), respectively. Using TEMPONE-H the sensitivity in the detection of peroxynitrite or superoxide radical was about 10-fold higher than using the spin traps DMPO or TMIO. Thus, TEMPONE-H may be used as a spin trap in chemical and biological systems to quantify peroxynitrite and superoxide radical formation.	['Amidines', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Free Radicals', 'Kinetics', 'Molsidomine', 'Nitrates', 'Peroxides', 'Piperidines', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Spin Labels', 'Superoxides', 'Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl']	9,020,059	[['D02.078'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693.450', 'D03.383.533.640.362'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D02.389.678'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.389.678.900', 'D03.383.621.808.930', 'D03.661.243.930']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Host factors that interact with the pestivirus N-terminal protease, Npro, are components of the ribonucleoprotein complex.	UNLABELLED: The viral N-terminal protease N(pro) of pestiviruses counteracts cellular antiviral defenses through inhibition of IRF3. Here we used mass spectrometry to identify a new role for N(pro) through its interaction with over 55 associated proteins, mainly ribosomal proteins and ribonucleoproteins, including RNA helicase A (DHX9), Y-box binding protein (YBX1), DDX3, DDX5, eIF3, IGF2BP1, multiple myeloma tumor protein 2, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (IEBP3), guanine nucleotide binding protein 3, and polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABP-1). These are components of the translation machinery, ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), and stress granules. Significantly, we found that stress granule formation was inhibited in MDBK cells infected with a noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain, Kyle. However, ribonucleoproteins binding to N(pro) did not inhibit these proteins from aggregating into stress granules. N(pro) interacted with YBX1 though its TRASH domain, since the mutant C112R protein with an inactive TRASH domain no longer redistributed to stress granules. Interestingly, RNA helicase A and La autoantigen relocated from a nuclear location to form cytoplasmic granules with N(pro). To address a proviral role for N(pro) in RNP granules, we investigated whether N(pro) affected RNA interference (RNAi), since interacting proteins are involved in RISC function during RNA silencing. Using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) followed by Northern blotting of GAPDH, expression of N(pro) had no effect on RNAi silencing activity, contrasting with other viral suppressors of interferon. We propose that N(pro) is involved with virus RNA translation in the cytoplasm for virus particle production, and when translation is inhibited following stress, it redistributes to the replication complex.IMPORTANCE: Although the pestivirus N-terminal protease, N(pro), has been shown to have an important role in degrading IRF3 to prevent apoptosis and interferon production during infection, the function of this unique viral protease in the pestivirus life cycle remains to be elucidated. We used proteomic mass spectrometry to identify novel interacting proteins and have shown that N(pro) is present in ribosomal and ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), indicating a translational role in virus particle production. The virus itself can prevent stress granule assembly from these complexes, but this inhibition is not due to N(pro). A proviral role to subvert RNA silencing through binding of these host RNP proteins was not identified for this viral suppressor of interferon.	['Animals', 'Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Pestivirus Infections', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Viral Proteins']	24,965,446	[['B01.050'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.150.100'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['C01.925.782.350.675'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['D12.776.835'], ['D12.776.964']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salivary lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels during healthy gestation and postpartum: a longitudinal study.	OBJECTIVES: This study investigated salivary lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an oxidative stress marker and salivary total sialic acid (TSA) as an inflammatory response during gestation and postpartum.DESIGN AND METHODS: Salivary LPO and TSA levels, using the Ledwozyw and Warren methods respectively, were obtained in healthy pregnant women followed up during gestation and 6-8 weeks postpartum, and in healthy non-pregnant controls. All were with good oral health.RESULTS: LPO was significantly higher than controls during all trimesters and postpartum and in the second trimester than in the third trimester and postpartum. TSA in the second trimester was significantly higher than in any other group. First trimester levels were significantly higher than postpartum . Oral health indices remained within normal levels for the duration.CONCLUSION: The salivary LPO profile followed plasma gestation and postpartum profiles in the literature but the salivary TSA differed in that after the 2nd trimester, rather than persisting, it decreased.	['Adult', 'Female', 'Health', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy', 'Saliva', 'Young Adult']	19,896,477	[['M01.060.116'], ['N01.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A12.200.666'], ['M01.060.116.815']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Effect of voluntary respiratory efforts on breath-holding time.	INTRODUCTION: Near the end of a maximal voluntary breath-hold, re-inhalation of the expired gas allows an additional period of breath-holding, indicating that the breaking point does not depend solely on chemical drive. We hypothesized that afferents from respiratory muscle and/or chest wall are significant in breath-holding.METHODS: Nineteen normal adults breathed room air through a mouthpiece connected to a pneumotachograph and were instructed to breath-hold with and without voluntary regular respiratory efforts against an occluded airway.RESULTS: Fifty one trials with and 53 without respiratory efforts were analyzed. The mean number of efforts per minute was 19+/-2.3 and the mean lowest airway pressure (P(aw)) -16.6+/-5.4 cmH(2)O. Breath-holding time (BHT) did not differ without (33.0+/-18.2 s) and with (29.3+/-12.3 s) efforts. In five patients arterial blood gasses were measured before and at the end of breath-holding and they did not differ between trials without and with efforts, indicating similar chemical drive. Our results suggest that afferents from respiratory muscle and/or chest wall are not the major determinants of BHT.	['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Muscles', 'Time Factors']	17,324,641	[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.680'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['A02.633.567.900'], ['G01.910.857']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
The mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 overcomes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells by down-regulating HSPB8.	Tamoxifen, an important endocrine therapeutic agent, is widely used for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, de novo or acquired resistance prevents patients from benefitting from endocrine approaches and necessitates alternative treatments. In this study, we report that small heat protein beta-8 (HSPB8) may serve as an important molecule in tamoxifen resistance. HSPB8 expression is enhanced in MCF-7 cells resistant to tamoxifen (MCF-7/R) compared to parent cells. Moreover, high expression of HSPB8 associates with poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer patients but not in patients without classification. Stimulating ER signaling by heterogeneous expression of ERa or 17â-estradiol promotes HSPB8 expression and reduces the cell population in G1 phase. In contrast, blockage of ER signaling by tamoxifen down-regulates the expression of HSPB8. In addition, knocking down HSPB8 by specific siRNAs induces significant cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. AZD8055 was found to be more potent against the proliferation of MCF-7/R cells than that of parent cells, which was associated with down-regulation of HSPB8. We found that the anti-proliferative activity of AZD8055 was positively correlated with the HSPB8 expression level in ER+ breast cancer cells. Thus, AZD8055 was able to overcome tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells, and the expression of HSPB8 may predict the efficacy of AZD8055 in ER+ breast cancer. This hypothesis deserves further investigation.	['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Morpholines', 'Prognosis', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Tamoxifen']	29,345,254	[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['G04.144.109.249', 'G04.144.500.320.500'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.580'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['E01.789'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Instillation of continuous tube irrigation in the septic knee at arthroscopy. A technique.	The arthroscope was employed to install a continuous closed tube irrigation system in four septic knees in three patients who had complex medical problems. This simple technique may be accomplished by the orthopedic surgeon with limited arthroscopic expertise. In the open drainage versus closed aspiration dilemma that surrounds the management of septic arthritis, this semi-invasive procedure offers promise as an alternative treatment in complicated cases of pyarthrosis of the knee.	['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Arthroscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']	6,697,609	[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Relative frequencies of Alzheimer disease, Lewy body, vascular and frontotemporal dementia, and hippocampal sclerosis in the State of Florida Brain Bank.	Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness in the elderly, but there is equivocal evidence regarding the frequency of other disorders such as Lewy body disease (LBD), vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and hippocampal sclerosis (HS). This ambiguity may be related to factors such as the age and gender of subjects with dementia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to calculate the relative frequencies of AD, LBD, VaD, FTD, and HS among 382 subjects with dementia from the State of Florida Brain Bank and to study the effect of age and gender on these frequencies. AD was the most frequent pathologic finding (77%), followed by LBD (26%), VaD (18%), HS (13%), and FTD (5%). Mixed pathology was common: Concomitant AD was present in 66% of LBD patients, 77% of VaD patients, and 66% of HS patients. The relative frequency of VaD increased with age, whereas the relative frequencies of FTD and LBD declined with age. Males were overrepresented among those with LBD, whereas females were overrepresented among AD subjects with onset age over 70 years. These estimates of the a priori probabilities of dementing disorders have implications for clinicians and researchers.	['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Autopsy', 'Biological Specimen Banks', 'Dementia', 'Dementia, Vascular', 'Female', 'Florida', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lewy Body Disease', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sclerosis', 'Sex Factors']	12,468,894	[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['N02.278.065'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.400', 'C10.228.140.300.510.800.500', 'C10.228.140.380.230', 'C10.228.140.695.500', 'C14.907.137.126.372.500', 'C14.907.253.560.350.500', 'F03.615.400.350'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.400', 'C10.228.140.380.422', 'C10.228.662.600.200', 'C10.574.928.500', 'F03.615.400.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.823'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
[Update on the diagnosis and therapy of blood-transmitted occupational infections].	The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection are the most important blood borne occupational viral infection. Estimates of the prevalence of HIV infection in Italy is between 0.24 and 0.26%. The implementation of HIV screening strategies in the general population will decrease the proportion of patients with unknown HIV serostatus and the improvement of anti HIV therapie will decrease the proportion of HIV infected patients with detectable viraemia. The increate sensitivity of HBVDNA assays will prompt the definition of cut off levels for the definition of the infectivity of HBsAg positive health workers. The availability of highly effective and well tollerate oral antivirals could increase the proportion of treatable HBsAg positive health workers. The highly elevated success rates in the treatment of acute HCV infection will support strategies aimed at an early identification of occupational HCV infections. The tailoring of anti HCV schedules allows to optimize anti HCV treatment of health workers with chronic hepatitis C and the availability of new anti HCV will open an horizon of success in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in health workers.	['Blood-Borne Pathogens', 'Communicable Diseases', 'HIV Infections', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Occupational Diseases']	21,061,703	[['B05.155'], ['C01.221', 'C23.550.291.531'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C24']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ce6-C6-TPZ co-loaded albumin nanoparticles for synergistic combined PDT-chemotherapy of cancer.	Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an essential tumor treatment method, has received great attention; however, there are still some challenges such as hydrophobicity of most of the photosensitizers, safety of in vivo transport, and characteristics of oxygen consumption. Herein, we used albumin as the nanocarrier for the loading of Chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizer. In the meantime, tirapazaming (TPZ) was co-loaded onto the nanocomposite, which could be activated by hypoxia caused by PDT for enhanced therapy. Considering the over irradiation problem, a strategy for measuring PDT degree by ratio fluorescence was utilized. The PDT monitoring design relies on ratio emissions of C6 (Coumarin 6) and Ce6 molecules since the red emission of Ce6 is dependent on the PDT capability. Based on the characterization of the albumin nanocomposites, we further explored the combined therapy effect at both the in vitro and in vivo levels and attained the corresponding results.	['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Coumarins', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasms', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Thiazoles', 'Tirapazamine', 'Transplantation, Homologous']	31,483,422	[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['C04'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D03.383.931.867'], ['E04.936.864']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Bone marrow declines as a site of B-cell precursor differentiation with age: relationship to thymus involution.	The rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes in B-lymphocyte precursors requires the expression of the recombination activating genes (Rag), which leads to the generation of a highly diverse B-cell repertoire. We can use the level of Rag-1 mRNA in the bone marrow as an index of its capacity to support the maturation of B lymphocytes as all detectable bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA is expressed by B-cell precursors. In mouse bone marrow, Rag-1 mRNA increases during the first 2 months of life to reach its maximal level at 2 months of age. This level is maintained until 5 months of age and thereafter declines to a minimum level by 10 months of age. Thus, bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA is highest at the time when thymic function is maximal in euthymic mice. An association between thymic activity and bone marrow Rag-1 gene expression was supported by showing a low level of bone marrow Rag-1 mRNA in athymic nude mice at an age when this gene is maximally expressed in euthymic mice. Another characteristic of B cells in nude mice is their preferential rearrangement of diversity region (D)-proximal heavy-chain variable region (VH) genes. We demonstrated that injection of syngeneic splenic T cells into nude mice not only stimulates an increase in Rag-1 mRNA in their bone marrow B-cell precursors but also restores their random use of VH genes. Most interestingly, injection of supernatant medium from phytohemagglutinin-activated splenic T-cell cultures from young euthymic mice also induces both Rag-1 mRNA in bone marrow B-cell precursors and random use of VH genes. These findings suggest that thymic function can regulate both Rag-1 gene expression and VH gene use by bone marrow B-cell precursors.	['Aging', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'Bone Marrow', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Lymphocyte Transfusion', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Nude', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']	7,991,570	[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.344'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E02.095.135.140.425.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['E04.936.864.700']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
[A case of acute cholestatic hepatitis associated with Orlistat].	Orlistat(Xenical(R), Roche) is considered a safe and effective drug to treat obesity by reduced absorption of 30% digested fat. To date, no serious adverse effects affecting the liver have been published except a case of subacute hepatic failure leading to liver transplantation in a young women with moderate obesity treated with orlistat. We report a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis in a young woman with moderate obesity treated with orlistat: a 33-year-old female admitted for the evaluation of jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography, ERCP, routine chemistry, viral markers, and a fine needle biopsy of liver were performed. Microscopic findings of the liver biopsy specimen were compatible with acute cholestatic hepatitis. After steroid therapy, liver function was improved.	['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Anti-Obesity Agents', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Cholestasis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactones', 'Lipase', 'Orlistat']	12,499,790	[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.203'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['D02.540.529']]	['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Disposition of the emerging brominated flame retardant, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, in female Sprague Dawley rats: effects of dose, route and repeated administration.	1. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP; CAS No. 26040-51-7; PubChem CID: 117291; MW 706.15 g/mol, elsewhere: TeBrDEPH, TBPH, or BEHTBP) is used as an additive brominated flame retardant in consumer products. 2. Female Sprague Dawley rats eliminated 92-98% of [14C]-BEH-TEBP unchanged in feces after oral administration (0.1 or 10 ìmol/kg). A minor amount of each dose (0.8-1%) was found in urine after 72 h. Disposition of orally administered BEH-TEBP in male B6C3F1/Tac mice was similar to female rats. 3. Bioaccumulation of [14C]-radioactivity was observed in liver and adrenals following 10 daily oral administrations (0.1 ìmol/kg/day). These tissues contained 5- and 10-fold higher concentrations of [14C]-radioactivity, respectively, versus a single dose. 4. IV-administered [14C]-BEH-TEBP (0.1 ìmol/kg) was slowly eliminated in feces, with >15% retained in tissues after 72 h. Bile and fecal extracts from these rats contained the metabolite mono-ethylhexyl tetrabromophthalate (TBMEHP). 5. BEH-TEBP was poorly absorbed, minimally metabolized and eliminated mostly by the fecal route after oral administration. Repeated exposure to BEH-TEBP led to accumulation in some tissues. The toxicological significance of this effect remains to be determined. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (Project ZIA BC 011476).	['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Bile', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Flame Retardants', 'Phthalic Acids', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Toxicity Tests, Chronic']	27,098,498	[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.720.361'], ['D02.241.223.805'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E05.940.800']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dimensional change of refractory materials used for ceramic veneers.	The current literature considers a number of clinical factors which affect the fit of all-ceramic laminate veneers. However, little consideration has been given to the refractory die materials, and the laboratory techniques used during the construction of these restorations. This study found a wide range of dimensional change occurred during setting and through six firing cycles, for seven refractories recommended for the construction of laminate veneers. It is therefore important that where patient treatment involves the use of veneers the clinician considers the suitability of the materials offered by the laboratory, in order to obtain the optimum marginal integrity.	['Air', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Dental Casting Investment', 'Dental Marginal Adaptation', 'Dental Porcelain', 'Dental Veneers', 'Phosphates', 'Pressure']	12,192,944	[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D25.339.250', 'J01.637.051.339.250'], ['E06.323.764', 'E06.658.224', 'E06.780.620'], ['D25.339.376', 'J01.637.051.339.376', 'J01.637.153.377'], ['E06.780.346.750', 'E07.695.190.196'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G01.374.715']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
Back pain management: a patient satisfaction study of services.	The objectives of this study were to assess patient satisfaction with the current services provided for back pain, and to increase the level of understanding from the patients' perspective on beliefs about their back pain and how it affects their daily life. The study was conducted in two parts combining both quantitative and qualitative methodology. The main findings in the study revealed a high level of satisfaction with the services provided by the physiotherapy department and mixed levels of satisfaction with the GP. The GP was seen to be an expert yet failed to exhibit up-to-date knowledge about the causes and treatments for back pain. The issue of locus of control was a dominant theme throughout the study and those with stronger internal beliefs had a more positive outlook. The study revealed gaps in the current service provided, and the need for a more easily accessed service was desired.	['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Back Pain', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']	11,972,125	[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['F01.058'], ['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0
Enhanced brain activity preceding voluntary movement in early blind humans.	Effects of blindness on movement-related brain activity were investigated by measuring from the scalp movement-related potentials (MRPs) associated with self-paced button presses in blind and sighted young adults. The blind subjects had lost their vision at an early age due to a deficit in the peripheral visual system. The negative slope (NS') of MRP at about 400 ms prior to movement and the preceding readiness potential (RP) were larger in the blind than in the sighted subjects, but were similarly distributed on the scalp in these groups. The results suggest functional changes in the blind subjects' brain activity, presumably, in the cortical areas involved in preparation and initiation of voluntary movement.	['Adult', 'Blindness', 'Brain', 'Darkness', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Higher Nervous Activity', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Time Factors']	9,792,234	[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G01.590.540.233'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['F02.463.247', 'G11.561.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G01.910.857']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Integrating social epidemiology into public health research and practice for maternal depression.	The impact of maternal depression on women and their families has been well documented. Given the prevalence and impact of this problem, one important strategy is to strengthen and expand our public health approaches. Although principles of social epidemiology are increasingly used in the field of maternal and child health, few public health efforts to address maternal mental health have incorporated ecosocial frameworks such as community connectedness, quality of social relationships, and social capital. One method to augment current public health approaches to maternal depression is through the incorporation of a perspective focusing on community, cohesion, group membership, and connectedness--a concept often described as social capital. We describe the relevance of this ecosocial perspective for mental health promotion programs for mothers.	['Biomedical Research', 'Depression, Postpartum', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Mothers', 'Public Health Practice', 'Social Support']	21,493,925	[['H01.770.644.145'], ['C13.703.844.253', 'F03.600.300.350'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['N06.850.780'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]	['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0
Increased ratio of rapsyn to ACh receptor stabilizes postsynaptic receptors at the mouse neuromuscular synapse.	The metabolic turnover of nicotinic ACh receptors (AChR) at the neuromuscular synapse is regulated over a tenfold range by innervation status, muscle electrical activity and neural agrin, but the downstream effector of such changes has not been defined. The AChR-associated protein rapsyn is essential for forming AChR clusters during development. Here, rapsyn was tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to begin to probe its influence at the adult synapse. In C2 myotubes, rapsyn-EGFP participated with AChR in agrin-induced AChR cluster formation. When electroporated into the tibialis anterior muscle of young adult mice, rapsyn-EGFP accumulated in discrete subcellular structures, many of which colocalized with Golgi markers, consistent with the idea that rapsyn assembles with AChR in the exocytic pathway. Rapsyn-EGFP also targeted directly to the postsynaptic membrane where it occupied previously vacant rapsyn binding sites, thereby increasing the rapsyn to AChR ratio. At endplates displaying rapsyn-EGFP, the metabolic turnover of AChR (labelled with rhodamine-alpha-bungarotoxin) was slowed. Thus, the metabolic half-life of receptors at the synapse may be modulated by local changes in the subsynaptic ratio of rapsyn to AChR.	['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, Neurotransmitter', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tissue Distribution']	15,550,459	[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.543.750.720'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
The grapefruit flavanone naringin protects against the radiation-induced genomic instability in the mice bone marrow: a micronucleus study.	The effect of various doses, viz. 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg body weight of naringin (NIN) (a citrus flavanone) was studied on the alteration in the radiation-induced micronucleated polychromatic (MPCE) and normochromatic (MNCE) erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow exposed to 2 Gy of 60Co gamma-radiation. The treatment of mice with various doses of NIN before exposure to 2 Gy resulted in a significant decline in the frequency of MPCE when compared to the non-drug-treated irradiated control. However, the greatest reduction in MPCE was observed for 2mg/kg body weight NIN, accompanied by a highest PCE/NCE ratio when compared with the non-drug-treated irradiated control. Therefore, further studies were carried out using this dose of NIN, where the animals were administered with 2mg/kg body weight of NIN before exposure to 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 Gy of gamma-radiation. The frequency of MPCE and MNCE increased in a dose-dependent manner in both the non-drug-treated irradiated control and NIN-pretreated irradiated groups up to a dose of 2 Gy, while a further increase in the irradiation dose resulted in a significant decline in MPCE and MNCE frequencies in both groups. Pretreatment of mice with 2mg/kg body weight of NIN resulted in a significant decline in the frequencies of MPCE and MNCE. NIN treatment not only reduced the frequency of MPCE with one micronucleus, but also of MPCE with multiple micronuclei (MN), indicating its ability to reduce complex chromosome aberrations. Conversely, the PCE/NCE ratio declined in a dose-dependent manner in both groups. The treatment of mice with NIN before exposure to different doses of gamma-radiation resulted in the inhibition in this decline in the PCE/NCE ratio. Our study demonstrates that NIN is able to protect mouse bone marrow cells against the radiation-induced DNA damage and decline in the cell proliferation as observed by a reduction in the micronucleus frequency and an increase in PCE/NCE ratio, respectively, in the NIN-pretreated irradiated group.	['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Bone Marrow', 'DNA Damage', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Erythrocytes', 'Flavanones', 'Flavonoids', 'Fruit', 'Gamma Rays', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective', 'Radiation-Protective Agents']	12,160,890	[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A15.382.216'], ['G05.200'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.106.570', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117.570', 'C23.550.210.570', 'G05.365.590.175.570'], ['D27.505.696.706.776', 'D27.720.799.763']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
Why Public Comments Matter: The Case of the National Institutes of Health Policy on Single Institutional Review Board Review of Multicenter Studies.	PURPOSE: In 2014, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) requested public comments on a draft policy requiring NIH-funded, U.S.-based investigators to use a single institutional review board (sIRB) for ethical review of multicenter studies. The authors conducted a directed content analysis and qualitative summary of the comments and discuss how they shaped the final policy.METHOD: Two reviewers independently assessed support for the policy from a review of comments on the draft policy in 2016. A reviewer conducted an open text review to identify prespecified and additional comment themes. A second researcher reviewed 20% of comments; discrepancies were resolved through discussion.RESULTS: The NIH received 167 comments: 65% (108/167) supportive of the policy, 23% (38/167) not supportive, and 12% (21/167) not indicating support. Clarifications or changes to the policy were suggested in 102/167 comments (61%). Criteria for selecting sIRBs were addressed in 32/102 comments (31%). Also addressed were institutional review board (IRB) responsibilities (39/102; 38%), cost (27/102; 26%), the role of local IRBs (14/102; 14%), and allowable policy exceptions (19/102; 19%). The NIH further clarified or provided guidance for selection criteria, IRB responsibilities, and cost in the final policy (June 2016). Local IRB reviews and exemptions guidance were unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: In this case study, public comments were effective in shaping policy as the NIH modified provisions or planned supplemental guidance in response to comments. Yet critical knowledge gaps remain, and empirical data are necessary. The NIH is considering mechanisms to support the establishment of best practices for sIRB implementation.	['Ethics Committees, Research', 'Humans', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'National Institutes of Health (U.S.)', 'Policy', 'Policy Making', 'Public Opinion', 'United States']	29,517,531	[['K01.752.566.479.147.750', 'N04.452.758.788.300.750', 'N05.350.268.750', 'N05.700.685.300.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496', 'N03.540.052.750', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496'], ['I01.655', 'N03.623'], ['N03.706.742'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]	['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1
The hemodynamic effects of AT-112, an analog of ketanserin, in portal hypertensive rats.	A serotonin mechanism has been reported to contribute to the hyperdynamic circulation of portal hypertension. Different studies have demonstrated that serotonin antagonists decrease portal pressure in portal hypertensive patients and animals. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of AT-112, an analog of ketanserin, on portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation in rats. Since ketanserin is known to possess alpha 1-adrenergic antagonistic activity, the effect of AT-112 was compared to that of prazosin. A single dose (prazosin 4.2 micrograms/kg, AT-112 1 mg/kg) was chosen to produce a similar hypotensive effect (-20 +/- 4% for prazosin and -24 +/- 4% for AT-112). At this dose, prazosin significantly decreased total peripheral resistance whereas AT-112 significantly decreased cardiac index and heart rate. Both agents significantly decreased the portal tributary blood flow and portal pressure. In rats receiving AT-112, a significant correlation was found between the magnitudes of decrease in cardiac index and the decrease in portal tributary blood flow. We also found that the magnitude of reduction in portal pressure was greater following AT-112 administration. This study suggested that AT-112 may have more beneficial hemodynamic effects than prazosin in portal hypertensive rats. Our results provide further support for the serotonergic mechanism in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertension.	['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Male', 'Prazosin', 'Quinazolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Splanchnic Circulation']	9,065,957	[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C06.552.494'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G09.330.100.881']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Clinical evaluation of fiber-reinforced composite inlay FPDs.	PURPOSE: This clinical study evaluated the behavior of inlay fixed partial dentures (IFPD) with conventional and modified framework designs over a period of 12 to 48 months.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one glass fiber-reinforced composite IFPDs were made to replace one missing maxillary or mandibular tooth. The frameworks were made only with parallel fibers in 19 restorations (group 1) and built with parallel and woven fibers modifying the design of the pontic element in 22 IFPDs (group 2) according to the manufacturer's instructions. All restorations were evaluated by color match, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, surface texture, marginal adaptation, fracture, and postoperative sensitivity.RESULTS: Three partial adhesive-cohesive veneering composite fractures occurred in the pontic element in group 1 after 3, 4, and 8 months, respectively. One cohesive fracture occurred in an abutment in group 2 after 46 months. Group 1 showed a 16% fracture failure rate; group 2 showed a 5% failure rate. However, no statistical difference was detected between the groups. IFPDs received the highest score at the following rates: color match 71%, marginal discoloration 96%, secondary caries 99%, surface texture 88%, marginal adaptation 98%, fracture 90%, and postoperative sensitivity 100%. Statistical analysis indicated significant deterioration of color match from baseline to last recall.CONCLUSION: There were nonsignificantly fewer fractures of the veneering composite with the modified design of the framework than with the conventional design. Repair of the fractured veneer of IFPDs may lengthen the lifespan of the restorations, but it is advisable only for slight damage.	['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cementation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Denture Design', 'Denture Repair', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Female', 'Glass', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Inlays', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Resin Cements', 'Silicate Cement', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Survival Analysis']	12,854,799	[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.170', 'E06.095.170'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.323.400', 'E06.780.346.725'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['E06.780.346.760.500', 'E06.912.285'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['J01.637.437'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.323.428.275', 'E06.780.346.737.500', 'E07.695.190.190.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['D25.339.291.800', 'J01.637.051.339.291.800'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	1	0
Geochemical distribution, fractionation and contamination assessment of heavy metals in marine sediments of the Asaluyeh port, Persian Gulf.	In this study, total concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Asaluyeh, one of the Iran's largest commercial ports, are investigated. 48 sediment samples were collected and analyzed for trace and major elements. Sediment quality guidelines along with calculated enrichment factors and trace metal profiles indicate that Asaluyeh port is threated by contamination, especially with respect to Hg and Cu. Normalization to Sc indicated high enrichment factors in the sediments following the decreasing order of: Hg>Cu>As>Ni>Zn>Pb?Cr?Mn>Co?V?Fe?Al. Hg displayed the greatest potential ecological risk factor among sampling stations. The results of sequential extraction procedure revealed that in some stations >50% of Mn, V, Cu and Zn occur in potentially mobile phases and therefore are more readily mobilized in the sediments of the study area.	['Environmental Monitoring', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Indian Ocean', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']	28,007,388	[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.756.342'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]	['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1
Downregulation of miR-224-5p Promotes Migration and Proliferation in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.	Introduction: Pulp regeneration, as a treatment for pulp necrosis, has significant advantages over root canal therapy for the preservation of living pulp. To date, research on pulp regeneration has mainly focused on the transplantation of pulp stem cells into the root canal, but there is still a lack of research on the migration of pulp cells into the root canal via cell homing. Stem cells from the apical tooth papilla (SCAP) are recognized as multidirectional stem cells, but these cells are difficult to obtain. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that play crucial roles in regulating normal and pathologic functions. We hypothesized that some types of microRNAs might improve the migration and proliferation function of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are easily obtained in clinical practice, and as a result, DPSCs might replace SCAP and provide valuable information for regenerative endodontics.Methods: Magnetic activated cell sorting of DPSCs and SCAP was performed. Next-generation sequencing was performed to examine DPSCs and SCAP miRNAs expression and to identify the most significant differentially expressed miRNA. CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to determine the impact of this miRNA on DPSCs proliferation and migration.Results: The most significant differentially expressed miRNA between DPSCs and SCAP was miR-224-5p. Downregulating miR-224-5p promoted DPSCs proliferation and migration; the opposite results were observed when miR-224-5p was upregulated.Conclusion: MiR-224-5p promotes proliferation and migration in DPSCs, a finding that is of great significance for further exploring the role of dental pulp stem cells in regenerative endodontics.	['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dental Pulp', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Stem Cells']	31,396,530	[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A11.872']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Osteomalacia in fractures of the proximal femur.	The occurrence of osteomalacia was studied in 58 hip fracture patients who were admitted to the University Central Hospital of Kuopio for operative treatment. Findings indicating osteomalacia were frequent in the series. Hypocalcaemia was found in 70 per cent and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase in 22 per cent of the patients. Urinary calcium excretion was decreased in 45 per cent and urinary hydroxyproline excretion was increased in 70 per cent of the cases. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were significantly decreased in the patients compared with the controls. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no difference in the amount of trabecular bone in the patients compared with the controls, but the amount of osteoid and resorption surfaces was increased in the patients. Histological osteomalacia was found in 12 out of 50 patients (24 per cent). In 10 of these 12 cases the diagnosis of osteomalacia was supported by biochemical changes. There was only one patient, a 29-year-old man with glutein enteropathy who had an evident reason for osteomalacia. The most obvious cause of osteomalacia was the lack of vitamin D due to a deficient diet and lack of exposure to sunlight. The conclusion drawn was that osteoporosis was the main cause and osteomalacia was an important aggravating factor in the bone fragility in these hip fracture patients.	['Aged', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Anthropometry', 'Calcium', 'Female', 'Femoral Neck Fractures', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Hydroxycholecalciferols', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteomalacia', 'Osteoporosis', 'Sex Factors']	7,136,573	[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C26.404.061.425.500', 'C26.531.750.500', 'C26.558.276.425.500'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478', 'D10.570.938.146.478'], ['C18.452.174.509', 'C18.452.950.509'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.816.640', 'C18.452.104.816.640', 'C18.452.174.845.640', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734.640'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Binaural speech intelligibility in noise for hearing-impaired listeners.	The effect of head-induced interaural time delay (ITD) and interaural level differences (ILD) on binaural speech intelligibility in noise was studied for listeners with symmetrical and asymmetrical sensorineural hearing losses. The material, recorded with a KEMAR manikin in an anechoic room, consisted of speech, presented from the front (0 degree), and noise, presented at azimuths of 0 degree, 30 degrees, and 90 degrees. Derived noise signals, containing either only ITD or only ILD, were generated using a computer. For both groups of subjects, speech-reception thresholds (SRT) for sentences in noise were determined as a function of: (1) noise azimuth, (2) binaural cue, and (3) an interaural difference in overall presentation level, simulating the effect of a monaural hearing acid. Comparison of the mean results with corresponding data obtained previously from normal-hearing listeners shows that the hearing impaired have a 2.5 dB higher SRT in noise when both speech and noise are presented from the front, and 2.6-5.1 dB less binaural gain when the noise azimuth is changed from 0 degree to 90 degrees. The gain due to ILD varies among the hearing-impaired listeners between 0 dB and normal values of 7 dB or more. It depends on the high-frequency hearing loss at the side presented with the most favorable signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The gain due to ITD is nearly normal for the symmetrically impaired (4.2 dB, compared with 4.7 dB for the normal hearing), but only 2.5 dB in the case of asymmetrical impairment. When ITD is introduced in noise already containing ILD, the resulting gain is 2-2.5 dB for all groups. The only marked effect of the interaural difference in overall presentation level is a reduction of the gain due to ILD when the level at the ear with the better S/N ratio is decreased. This implies that an optimal monaural hearing aid (with a moderate gain) will hardly interfere with unmasking through ITD, while it may increase the gain due to ILD by preventing or diminishing threshold effects.	['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Noise', 'Speech Perception']	2,808,911	[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Emergency repair of giant inguinoscrotal hernia in a septic patient.	INTRODUCTION: Giant inguinoscrotal hernias are rare but still exist even in developed countries. Although accompanied by a higher perioperative mortality, an elective surgical approach should be undertaken. In critically ill patients, however, the surgical intervention requires specific demands.METHODS: We report a case of a 45-year-old man who was referred to the hospital after perforation of the hernia with concomitant peritonitis and sepsis.RESULTS: After initial stabilization of the patient, a subtotal colectomy and a partial small bowl resection was performed. In a second step after stabilization of organ functions, the hernia sac was resected, and the abdominal cavity was reconstructed. The patient was discharged and is doing well until today but still refuses any plastic surgery.CONCLUSION: Resection of giant inguinoscrotal hernia is feasible even in patients being administered in an emergency setting. Especially in case of an intra-abdominal infection, intestinal resection is the therapy of choice to allow the reconstruction of the abdominal cavity. A two-step approach should be considered to allow a successful recovery.	['Emergency Treatment', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Herniorrhaphy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Scrotum', 'Sepsis']	23,299,222	[['E02.365'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['E04.680.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.444.661'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Comparison of titanium and absorbable polymeric surgical clips for use in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.	The use of hemostatic surgical clips is crucial in laparoscopic surgery. Metal clips can cause significant interference with computerized tomography, may have poor holding power, and may erode into important anatomic structures. Polymeric absorbable clips, which have advantages over metallic clips, are evaluated in this study. In vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to evaluate the hold force, rate of degradation, tissue reactivity and safety of absorbable polymeric clips. Absorbable and titanium clips were applied across excised canine cystic ducts and both axial and transverse pull-off forces were measured. In the second phase, absorbable clips were implanted subcutaneously into male rats and the strength remaining within the clips was measured after 7, 10, 14, or 21 days. In phase 3, 30 pigs were randomized into six groups and each animal underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The cystic duct and artery were ligated with absorbable polymeric clips (experimental group) or titanium clips (control group). Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 28 days and a celiotomy was performed. Intraabdominal adhesions were assessed and scored. The force required to dislodge the absorbable clip was significantly greater than for metallic clips for both axial and transverse forces. Absorbable clip strength retention decreased over time as expected with a retention of 11% original strength by the 21st day. Adhesions were highest when bile spillage occurred, but did not differ significantly between either clip type. Absorbable polymeric clips were hemostatically effective in this laparoscopic model and may offer advantages over metallic clips.	['Animals', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Dogs', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Male', 'Materials Testing', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Sutures', 'Swine', 'Titanium']	7,974,100	[['B01.050'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['E05.570'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Quality of Recovery After Low-Pressure Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy Facilitated by Deep Neuromuscular Blockade: A Randomized Controlled Study.	BACKGROUND: The use of low intra-abdominal pressure (<10 mmHg) reduces postoperative pain scores after laparoscopic surgery.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with deep neuromuscular blockade improves the quality of recovery after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN).DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: In a single-center randomized controlled trial, 64 live kidney donors were randomly assigned to 6 or 12 mmHg insufflation pressure. A deep neuromuscular block was used in both groups. Surgical conditions were rated by the five-point Leiden-surgical rating scale (L-SRS), ranging from 5 (optimal) to 1 (extremely poor) conditions. If the L-SRS was insufficient, the pressure was increased stepwise.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measure was the overall score on the quality of recovery-40 (QOR-40) questionnaire at postoperative day 1.RESULTS: The difference in the QOR-40 scores on day 1 between the low- and standard-pressure group was not significant (p = .06). Also the overall pain scores and analgesic consumption did not differ. Eight procedures (24%), initially started with low pressure, were converted to a standard pressure (?10 mmHg). A L-SRS score of 5 was significantly more prevalent in the standard pressure as compared to the low-pressure group at 30 min after insufflation (p < .01).CONCLUSIONS: Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum facilitated by deep neuromuscular blockade during LDN does not reduce postoperative pain scores nor improve the quality of recovery in the early postoperative phase. The question whether the use of deep neuromuscular blockade during laparoscopic surgery reduces postoperative pain scores independent of the intra-abdominal pressure should be pursued in future studies.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at clinicaltrial.gov before the start of the trial (NCT02146417).	['Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrectomy', 'Neuromuscular Blockade', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial', 'Pressure', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting']	28,608,013	[['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E03.706', 'E05.635'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E01.370.388.605'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E04.936.537']]	['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Modeling amplified p53 responses under DNA-PK inhibition in DNA damage response.	During DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) repair, coordinated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-like kinases can activate p53 signaling pathway. Recent findings have identified novel interplays among these kinases demonstrating amplified first p53 pulses under DNA-PK inhibition. However, no theoretical model has been developed to characterize such dynamics. In current work, we modeled the prolonged p53 pulses with DNA-PK inhibitor. We could identify a dose-dependent increase in the first pulse amplitude and width. Meanwhile, weakened DNA-PK mediated ATM inhibition was insufficient to reproduce such dynamic behavior. Moreover, the information flow was shifted predominantly to the first pulse under DNA-PK inhibition. Furthermore, the amplified p53 responses were relatively robust. Taken together, our model can faithfully replicate amplified p53 responses under DNA-PK inhibition and provide insights into cell fate decision by manipulating p53 dynamics.	['Algorithms', 'Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA-Activated Protein Kinase', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Amplification', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Radiation, Ionizing', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']	28,177,883	[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.097', 'D12.776.157.687.125', 'D12.776.660.720.125'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.250', 'D12.776.157.687.438', 'D12.776.660.720.438'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G01.750.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	0
Initial Experiences of Laparoscopic Gastric Greater Curvature Plication in Korea-A Review of 64 Cases.	PURPOSE: Laparoscopic gastric greater curvature plication (LGGCP) is an emerging, alternative form of restrictive weight loss surgery. We present our experiences of LGGCP with the primary focus on surgical techniques and weight loss. In addition, an investigation was performed on the food tolerance of LGGCP patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing the prospectively collected data of patients who underwent LGGCP from March 2013 to February 2015.RESULTS: Of the 64 patients were eligible for the study, 59 (92.2%) were female. Mean (range) patient age was 34 (21-49) years. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) preoperative body mass index was 31.4 ± 4.3 kg/m(2). There were no mortalities or postoperative complications. Immediate postoperative nausea and vomiting occurred in 58 patients (90.6%), mean postoperative hospital stay duration was 2.3 days (range, 1-7 days), and mean percentage excess body mass index losses at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months were 34.7% (n = 64), 50.8% (n = 60), 61.1% (n = 40), 82.1% (n = 19), and 82.9% (n = 12), respectively. Follow-up endoscopy was performed at 12 months postoperatively in 19 patients, and reflux esophagitis of grade LA-M was observed in 16 patients (84.2%), LA-A in 2 patients (10.5%), and LA-B in 1 patient (5.3%). Mean ± SD satisfaction score with current eating and total food tolerance score was 4.27 ± 0.55 and 20.95 ± 4.30, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: LGGCP is an intervention that may be comparable with sleeve gastrectomy or adjustable gastric banding, especially for Class I or II obesity in an Asian population. Furthermore, quality of eating, as determined using food tolerance scores, was excellent.	['Adult', 'Bariatric Surgery', 'Body Mass Index', 'Eating', 'Esophagitis, Peptic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Obesity', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach', 'Vomiting', 'Weight Loss', 'Young Adult']	26,389,582	[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.650.500.062', 'E04.062'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['C06.405.117.620.420', 'C06.405.205.663.420', 'C06.405.469.275.800.523', 'C06.405.748.586.524'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C23.888.821.937'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963'], ['M01.060.116.815']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1
Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides from the roots of Aruncus sylvester.	Two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, 1,3,4-tri-O-(E)-caffeoyl-â-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 1,4-di-O-(E)-caffeoyl-â-d-glucopyranoside (2), along with four known phenylpropanoid glycosides (3-6), were isolated from the roots of Aruncus sylvester. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed significant scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals with IC50 values of 110 and 258 ìM (ascorbic acid: IC50 = 574 ìM).	['Antioxidants', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Caffeic Acids', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Free Radicals', 'Glucosides', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phenylpropionates', 'Picrates', 'Rosaceae']	24,147,759	[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['D02.241.223.200.054'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D09.408.348'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.241.223.701'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nkx2.5 enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in treatment heart failure in rats.	AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine whether Nkx2.5 transfection of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves the efficacy of treatment of adriamycin-induced heart failure in a rat model.MAIN METHODS: Nkx2.5 was transfected in MSCs by lentiviral vector transduction. The expressions of Nkx2.5 and cardiac specific genes in MSCs and Nkx2.5 transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Nkx2.5) were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot in vitro. Heart failure models of rats were induced by adriamycin and were then randomly divided into 3 groups: injected saline, MSCs or MSCs-Nkx2.5 via the femoral vein respectively. Four weeks after injection, the cardiac function, expressions of cardiac specific gene, fibrosis formation and collagen volume fraction in the myocardium as well as the expressions of GATA4 and MEF2 in rats were analyzed with echocardiography, immunohistochemistry, Masson staining, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.KEY FINDINGS: Nkx2.5 enhanced cardiac specific gene expressions including á-MHC, TNI, CKMB, connexin-43 in MSCs-Nkx2.5 in vitro. Both MSCs and MSCs-Nkx2.5 improved cardiac function, promoted the differentiation of transplanted MSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, decreased fibrosis formation and collagen volume fraction in the myocardium, as well as increased the expressions of GATA4 and MEF2 in adriamycin-induced rat heart failure models. Moreover, the effect was much more remarkable in MSCs-Nkx2.5 than in MSCs group.SIGNIFICANCE: This study has found that Nkx2.5 enhances the efficacy of MSCs transplantation in treatment adriamycin-induced heart failure in rats. Nkx2.5 transfected to transplanted MSCs provides a potential effective approach to heart failure.	['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Heart Failure', 'Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection']	28,624,390	[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.152'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G05.308'], ['C14.280.434'], ['D12.776.260.400.234', 'D12.776.930.324'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Novel sulfated octa- and decasaccharides from squid cartilage chondroitin sulfate E: sequencing and application for determination of the epitope structure of the monoclonal antibody MO-225.	A mixture of octa- and decasaccharides obtained by the digestion with the hyaluronidase of chondroitin sulfate E derived from squid cartilage was subfractionated into 20 and 23 different components, respectively, by anion-exchange HPLC. MALDI-TOF/MS was used to assign the sugar and sulfate composition of the putative octa- and decasaccharides, and a disaccharide composition analysis revealed the building blocks to be A- [GlcUAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S)], C- [GlcUAbeta1-3GalNAc(6S)], and E- [GlcUAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S,6S)] units, where 4S and 6S represent 4-O- and 6-O-sulfate, respectively. The sequences of these octa- and decasaccharides were determined at low picomole amounts by a combination of enzymatic digestions with chondroitinases in conjunction with anion-exchange HPLC. Sequencing revealed that each fraction is a mixture of a major component together with one to three minor components, reflecting the heterogeneity of the parent polysaccharide. Among the 11 different octasaccharide sequences reported here, 8 are novel, while all of the 6 decasaccharide sequences are novel, and this is the first report of the sequencing of CS oligosaccharides longer than octasaccharides. The reactivity of the monoclonal antibody MO-225 with octa- and decasaccharides tested with an oligosaccharide microarray revealed that a CS-E decasaccharide is the minimal requirement for antibody recognition. Among the 6 decasaccharides, only E-E-E-E-C was recognized by MO-225, suggesting the requirement of a C-unit at the reducing end and also the importance of chain length, which in turn may indicate the importance of the conformation acquired by this specific sequence for antibody recognition.	['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cartilage', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Epitopes', 'Sharks', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']	17,284,053	[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.370.853'], ['E05.196.566.755']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
A high-resolution melting approach for analyzing allelic expression dynamics.	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single base pair mutations that provide new approaches to studies of allele transcript abundances. High-resolution DNA melting curve (HRM) analysis using a LightScanner (Hi-Res Melting system with Idaho's LC Green) provides post-PCR detection of mutations and SNPs in genomic DNA. This study investigated whether the HRM analysis can distinguish alleles among potato (Solanum tuberosum) transcript abundances. Transcript properties of genes encoding seven carbohydrate metabolism enzymes/proteins in various tissues and cold storage durations were studied. The HRM assay measured differential expression of alleles between different organs, between different storage treatments and stages of tubers from the same variety, and between different varieties with the same treatment. The RT-PCR amplicons were directly sequenced to assist the interpretation of HRM data. The cDNA HRM curves correlated well with the nucleotide polymorphisms of the cDNA sequences and the transcript abundance of alleles and therefore can serve as functional allele activity (FAA) markers. By combining the allelic specificity of HRM with simple PCR design, this technology can be applied to rapidly determine the most active allele of a gene among the cells analyzed.	['Alleles', 'Base Sequence', 'Genes, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Denaturation', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Solanum tuberosum']	19,193,959	[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.640', 'G02.111.603', 'G05.627'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777']]	['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on perceptions of stigma in persons living with HIV disease in rural versus urban North Carolina.	This analysis examined the relationships between HIV-related stigma, depression, and anxiety in rural and urban sites. Participants were HIV-positive urban (n = 100) and rural (n = 100) adult residents of a US southern state, drawn from a sample for a larger international study of self-esteem and self-compassion. Measures included demographic and health information, the HIV Stigma Scale, the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-R-90) anxiety scale. Independent sample t-tests showed no significant differences between urban/rural groups on measures of HIV-related stigma, anxiety, or depression, except that rural participants reported greater disclosure concerns (t = 2.11, df = 196, p = .036). Both groups indicated high levels of depression and anxiety relative to published norms and clinically relevant cut-off scores. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for the HIV Stigma Scale including its four subscales and total stigma scores. Block 1 (control) contained health and demographic variables known to predict HIV-related stigma. Block 2 included the CES-D and the SCL-R-90, and Block 3 was urban/rural location. Mental health symptom scores contributed a significant amount to explained variance in total stigma scores (5.5%, FÄ = 6.020, p < .01), personalized stigma (4.8%, FÄ = 5.035, p < .01), negative self-image (9.7%, FÄ = 12.289, p < .001), and concern with public attitudes (4.9%, FÄ = 5.228, p < .01), but not disclosure concerns. Urban/rural location made significant additional contributions to the variance for total stigma (1.7%, FÄ = 3.899, p < .05), disclosure concerns (2.6%, FÄ = 5.446, p < .05), and concern with public attitudes (1.9%, FÄ = 4.169, p < .05) but not personalized stigma or negative self-image. Depression scores consistently and significantly predicted perceived stigma total and subscale scores. Findings suggest that mental health symptoms and urban/rural location play important roles in perceived stigma, and treatment implications are presented.	['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Empathy', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'North Carolina', 'Perception', 'Regression Analysis', 'Rural Population', 'Self Concept', 'Social Stigma', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']	26,643,581	[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N01.600.725'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]	['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1
Extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro.	In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Phellinus nigricans mycelia. A central composite design was adopted to determine optimum parameters (extraction time, extraction temperature, extraction frequency, and ratio of water to raw material) that could yield a maximum polysaccharide. Results revealed the following optimum extraction conditions: extraction time, 2.8h; ratio of water to raw material, 28; extraction frequency, 5; and extraction temperature, 95 °C. Under optimized conditions, the experimental yield of P. nigricans mycelia polysaccharides was 15.33 ± 0.21%, which is consistent with the predicted yield. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that the polysaccharides exhibited a high scavenging activity against superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. These polysaccharides also exhibited a strong reducing power. Thus, these polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants in functional foods or medicine.	['Basidiomycota', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Fungal Polysaccharides', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Mycelium', 'Picrates', 'Superoxides', 'Temperature', 'Water']	24,274,486	[['B01.300.179'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D09.698.357', 'D23.050.202.283'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['A19.687'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Wilson disease protein ATP7B is localized in the late endosomes in a polarized human hepatocyte cell line.	Wilson disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body due to a defect of biliary copper excretion. The gene responsible for Wilson disease has been cloned, however, the precise localization of this gene product ATP7B, a copper-transporting ATPase, is still controversial. We examined the localization of ATP7B by expressing a chimeric protein, ATP7B-tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) (GFP-ATP7B), in HEK293, Hep3B and a highly polarized human hepatocyte line (OUMS29). Intracellular organelles were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. The effects of bathocuproine disulfonate, a copper chelator, and copper sulfate were examined. GFP-ATP7B colocalized with a late endosome marker, but not with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, or lysosome markers in a copper-depleting condition. Treatment with copper sulfate did not affect the localization of ATP7B. ATP7B is localized in the late endosomes in both copper-depleting and copper-loaded conditions. ATP7B seems to translocate copper from the cytosol into the late endosomes, and copper may be excreted to bile via lysosomes. We believe that the disturbed incorporation of copper into the late endosomes caused by mutated ATP7B is the main defect in Wilson disease.	['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Polarity', 'Chelating Agents', 'Copper', 'Copper Sulfate', 'Copper-Transporting ATPases', 'Endosomes', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Phenanthrolines', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection']	12,579,329	[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.250'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D01.875.800.800.850.150'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.578.750', 'D12.776.157.530.813.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.578.750', 'D12.776.543.585.813.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.532'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D03.633.300.669'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]	['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dose frequency of prostaglandin F2á	We hypothesized (1) that neither duration of the Ovsynch program nor dose frequency of PGF2á would change the proportion of cows with complete luteolysis (progesterone <0.4 ng/mL 72 h after PGF2á) and (2) that the additional GnRH treatment administered as part of a presynchronization program would not alter the proportion of anovulatory cows starting the timed artificial insemination (AI) program compared with an alternative shorter presynch program including only 1 GnRH treatment. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 406) were milked 3 times daily and enrolled in a 2 ? 2 ? 2 factorial experiment consisting of 8 treatments before the first postpartum AI. Treatments were used to test ovulatory, luteal, and luteolytic outcomes to 3 main effects: (1) 2 GnRH-PGF2á presynchronization programs (PG-3-G vs. Double Ovsynch), (2) 2 Ovsynch program durations [5 d: GnRH (GnRH-1)-5 d-PGF2á-24 h-PGF2á-32 h-GnRH (GnRH-2)-16 h-timed AI; 7 d: GnRH-1-7 d-PGF2á-56 h-GnRH-2-16 h-timed AI], and (3) 2 PGF2á dose frequency treatments (2 ? 25 mg) 24 h apart versus 1 dose (1 ? 50 mg) of PGF2á administered 72 h before timed AI. The presynchronization treatments of PG-3-G and Double Ovsynch had no effect on the proportion of cows with luteal function at the onset of the Ovsynch treatments (87.9 vs. 86.2%). Although ovulatory responses were similar after GnRH-1 (>60%), Double Ovsynch cows tended to have greater ovulatory responses than PG-3-G after GnRH-2 (95.3 vs. 90.6%). The 2 ? 25-mg doses of PGF2á and the 1 ? 50-mg dose induced luteolysis in both Ovsynch treatment durations, but the 1 ? 50-mg dose was less effective in the 5-d program. More pregnancy per AI (P/AI; 49.2%) tended to occur in the PG-3-G cows in the 7-d program compared with the other treatment combinations (range: 32.4-37.4%; Ovsynch ? presynch interaction). In addition, an Ovsynch ? PGF2á dose frequency interaction resulted in cows receiving the 1 ? 50-mg dose in the 7-d program having the greatest P/AI (46.1%) and cows receiving the 1 ? 50-mg dose in the 5-d program having the least P/AI (30.6%). We conclude that complete luteolysis was less effective in the 5-d program when the 1 ? 50-mg dose was applied, but both PGF2á dose frequencies (1 ? 50 mg and 2 ? 25 mg 24 h apart) effectively induced complete luteolysis in the 7-d program. Treatments producing complete luteolysis tended to be related to subsequent pregnancy outcomes.	['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dinoprost', 'Estrus Synchronization', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Insemination, Artificial', 'Lactation', 'Luteolysis', 'Ovulation', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone']	30,100,501	[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['E05.820.150.370', 'G08.686.195.500.500'], ['G08.686.210'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['E02.875.800.937', 'E05.820.800.937', 'G08.686.784.363.492'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['G08.686.784.690.380'], ['G08.686.784.690'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Biological reactive intermediates that mediate chromium (VI) toxicity.	1. Addition of Cr VI (dichromate) to isolated rat hepatocytes results in rapid glutathione oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lysosomal membrane rupture before hepatocyte lysis occurred. 2. Cytotoxicity was prevented by "ROS" scavengers, antioxidants, and glutamine (ATP generator). Hepatocyte dichlorofluorescin oxidation (to determine ROS/Cr V formation) was inhibited by mannitol (a hydroxyl radical scavenger) or butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (antioxidants). 3. The Cr VI reductive mechanism required for toxicity are not known. Cytotoxicity was also prevented by cytochrome P450 inhibitors, particularly CYP 2E1 inhibitors, but not inhibitors of DT diaphorase or glutathione reductase. This suggests that P450 reductase and/or reduced cytochrome P450 contributes to Cr VI reduction to Cr IV. 4. Glutathione depleted hepatocytes were resistant to Cr (VI) toxicity and much less dichlorofluorescin oxidation occurred. Reduction of dichromate by glutathione or cysteine in vitro was also accompanied by oxygen uptake and was inhibited by Mn II (a Cr IV reductant ). Cr VI induced cytotoxicity and ROS formation was also inhibited by Mn II which suggests that Cr IV and Cr IV.GSH mediate "ROS" formation in isolated hepatocytes. 5. In conclusion Cr VI cytotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial/lysosomal toxicity by the biological reactive intermediates Cr IV and "ROS".	['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Carcinogens, Environmental', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromium', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors', 'Glutathione Reductase', 'Hepatocytes', 'Male', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']	11,764,936	[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D27.888.569.100.125'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['D27.505.389.500.421', 'D27.505.519.389.335.421'], ['D08.811.682.667.092'], ['A11.436.348'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Transplacental migration of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice.	In experimentally infected, nonpregnant mice the larvae of Toxocara canis were not found in the uterus at any time. In mice infected at 1 week, but not at 2 weeks, before gestation, larvae were found in the uterus but not in either the placenta or fetus. In mice infected during pregnancy, larvae were found in the uterus and placenta from the 9th day and in the fetus from the 11th day of pregnancy, more abundantly when infected at the middle than at the earlier stages. Examination of microsections revealed larvae in both maternal sinusoidal spaces and fetal blood vessels of the placenta; though mechanical damage to the tissues and the debris of tissues were sometimes seen, larva-associated inflammation in these tissues were not observed. The results suggest that in the pregnant mouse the migration of T. canis larvae is influenced by the developmental stages of the placenta.	['Animals', 'Ascariasis', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Liver', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Mice', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Time Factors', 'Toxocariasis', 'Uterus']	932,920	[['B01.050'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.100.070'], ['A16.378'], ['A03.620'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.610.335.349.868', 'C01.610.335.508.700.100.868', 'C01.610.701.377.868', 'C22.674.377.868'], ['A05.360.319.679']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Influence of interimplant distance on gingival papilla formation and bone resorption: clinical-radiographic study in dogs.	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in dogs the area between implants after prosthetic restoration within 5 mm distance between the contact point (CP) between crowns and the bone crest (BC).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mandibular premolars of 6 dogs were extracted bilaterally. After 12 weeks of healing, each dog received 8 implants. On each side, 2 implants were separated by 2 mm (group 1) and 2 by 3 mm (group 2). After a healing period (3 months), the implants were restored with temporary acrylic resin prostheses and after 4 more weeks, with definitive metallic prostheses. After 8 weeks, the distance between the CP and the papilla (P) was measured. The distance between a line extending from the CP and the gingival height at the distal extension of the prosthesis (DE) was also measured. Digital radiographic images were obtained for evaluation of the CP-BC and BC-P distances and the analysis of bone resorption adjacent to the implant surfaces.RESULTS: The median CP-P distances were 1.75 mm and 1.98 mm for groups 1 and 2, respectively; the median CP-DE distances were 2.60 and 2.69, respectively. The mean CP-BC distances were 5.64 mm and 6.45 mm, for groups 1 and 2, respectively; mean BC-P distances were 3.07 mm and 3.55 mm, respectively.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The differences in distances of 2 and 3 mm between implants did not present significant differences in the formation of papillae or in crestal resorption. The CP-BC distances for prostheses should be different from those of natural teeth because in natural teeth, the biologic width is already present, and in the case of implant-supported prostheses, it will develop following second-stage surgery.	['Animals', 'Bone Resorption', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Papilla', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Dogs', 'Male', 'Radiography, Dental, Digital']	16,519,181	[['B01.050'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['A14.549.167.900.720.250'], ['E06.780.346.706', 'E07.695.190.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.700.690', 'E01.370.350.700.720.720', 'E06.342.764.716']]	['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0

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This dataset consists of a approx 50k collection of research articles from PubMed repository. Originally these documents are manually annotated by Biomedical Experts with their MeSH labels and each articles are described in terms of 10-15 MeSH labels. In this Dataset we have huge numbers of labels present as a MeSH major which is raising the issue of extremely large output space and severe label sparsity issues. To solve this Issue Dataset has been Processed and mapped to its root as Described in the Below Figure.

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